cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypertension and the Elderly: More Than Just Blood Pressure Control

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease in both young and elderly persons; therefore, good blood pressure control is at the center of improved cardiovascular health. The recently issued seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure and the European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology 2003 guidelines for hypertension management emphasize the importance of treatment efficacy rather than age in treating elderly persons with hypertension. Most hypertension clinical trials have been carried out with younger hypertensives, but this is changing with trials such as the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program, the first Swedish Trial of Old Patients With Hypertension, and the Systolic Hypertension in Europe trial. These trials have clearly demonstrated the benefits of good blood pressure control in reducing the risk of stroke in elderly persons. With many safe and effective antihypertensive drugs on the market, the question becomes how elderly persons should be treated. Elderly patients often have isolated systolic hypertension, which is related to loss of arterial elasticity or compliance with aging and is more recalcitrant to treatment than essential hypertension. In addition, with advancing age there is the likelihood that other disease states are present in addition to hypertension. The newer antihypertensive drugs that interfere with the renin angiotensin system, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers, have the potential of improving cardiovascular outcomes in elderly persons in addition to offering effective blood pressure reduction. Their use should be considered within a comprehensive risk assessment that includes individualized risk-benefit considerations.
A compensatory role for declarative memory in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Abstract Most research on neurodevelopmental disorders has focused on their abnormalities. However, what remains intact may also be important. Increasing evidence suggests that declarative memory, a critical learning and memory system in the brain, remains largely functional in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders. Because declarative memory remains functional in these disorders, and because it can learn and retain numerous types of information, functions, and tasks, this system should be able to play compensatory roles for multiple types of impairments across the disorders. Here, we examine this hypothesis for specific language impairment, dyslexia, autism spectrum disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. We lay out specific predictions for the hypothesis and review existing behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging evidence. Overall, the evidence suggests that declarative memory indeed plays compensatory roles for a range of impairments across all five disorders. Finally, we discuss diagnostic, therapeutic and other implications.
Comparative analysis of biclustering algorithms

Biclustering is a very popular method to identify hidden co-regulation patterns among genes. There are numerous biclustering algorithms designed to undertake this challenging task, however, a thorough comparison between these algorithms is even harder to accomplish due to lack of a ground truth and large variety in the search strategies and objectives of the algorithms. In this paper, we address this less studied, yet important problem and formally analyze several biclustering algorithms in terms of the bicluster patterns they attempt to discover. We systematically formulate the requirements for well-known patterns and show the constraints imposed by biclustering algorithms that determine their capacity to identify such patterns. We also give experimental results from a carefully designed testbed to evaluate the power of the employed search strategies. Furthermore, on a set of real datasets, we report the biological relevance of clusters identified by each algorithm.
Protection by intratracheal immune globulins against Pseudomanas aeruginosa pneumonia in mice

A model for acute Pseudomonas pneumonia was established in mice with a mucoid, cystic fibrosis derived strain. Protection from pneumonia was achieved by intratracheal administration of hyperimmune globulins. The fate of intratracheal antibody was determined from lung lavage fluids and serum by a dot-ELISA test. Total and differential cellular changes in the lung were observed after immune globulin administration. Opsonophagocytosis assays with alveolar macrophages and PMNs elicited into the lungs showed that complement did not affect the bactericidal activities of either phagocyte. Conclusion: In mice, intratracheal administration of immune globulins against P. aeruginosa provided effective protection against acute pneumonia. The immediate availability of immune globulins in the lungs, and phagocytes are critical factors for clearance of the infecting dose of bacteria.
Save your census

National censuses and surveys are threatened around the world by high costs and low response rates. The demographic data they yield are too valuable to lose, warn Stephen E. Fienberg and Kenneth Prewitt.
Electro-Optic Guidance System Integration As Applied To Missiles

The integration of an optical system design into a missile seeker is subject to a wide range of constraints which stem from the hostile physical environment in which a weapon seeker must operate, coupled with the intrinsic demand for the highest integrity in the gyro-optical components. This paper briefly describes the process used to derive principal requirements for a typical electro-optical system and describes, as an example, the design evolution of the Redeye seeker. The design of the optics, its operating principles, and the mutual interaction between optical system and gyroscope characteristics are described. The paper concludes with a summary of advanced EO seekers which have presented similar challenges in terms of optical system integration.
Serum antibodies in vitiligo patients

Abstract Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentary disease of the skin that is caused by a selective destruction of melanocytes in discrete, usually symmetric, patches on the skin. This results in sharply outlined areas of complete depigmentation, which are particularly prominent in individuals with dark skin. Vitiligo is common, involving approximately 1% of the world's population. Although it is asymptomatic and does not adversely affect survival, the disease can be disfiguring and cause severe psychologic stresses and difficulties with employment. The cause of vitiligo is not known; however, a striking aspect of the disease, which may be providing a clue to its pathogenesis, is that the damage it causes is highly selective, being almost entirely restricted to melanocytes.
Extracting full-field dynamic strain response of a rotating wind turbine using photogrammetry

Health monitoring of wind turbines is typically performed using conventional sensors (e.g. strain-gages and accelerometers) that are usually mounted to the nacelle or gearbox. Although many wind turbines stop operating due to blade failures, there are typically few to no sensor mounted on the blades. Placing sensors on the rotating parts of the structure is a challenge due to the wiring and data transmission constraints. Within the current work, an approach to monitor full-field dynamic response of rotating structures (e.g. wind turbine blades or helicopter rotors) is developed and experimentally verified. A wind turbine rotor was used as the test structure and was mounted to a block and horizontally placed on the ground. A pair of bearings connected to the rotor shaft allowed the turbine to freely spin along the shaft. Several optical targets were mounted to the blades and a pair of high-speed cameras was used to monitor the dynamics of the spinning turbine. Displacements of the targets during rotation were measured using three-dimensional point tracking. The point tracking technique measured both rigid body displacement and flexible deformation of the blades at target locations. While the structure is rotating, only flap displacements of optical targets (displacements out of the rotation plane) were used in strain prediction process. The measured displacements were expanded and applied to the finite element model of the turbine to extract full-field dynamic strain on the structure. The proposed approach enabled the prediction of dynamic response on the outer surface as well as within the inner points of the structure where no other sensor could be easily mounted. In order to validate the proposed approach, the predicted strain was compared to strain measured at four locations on the spinning blades using a wireless strain-gage system.
Magnetic ordering in a quasi-two-dimensional planar ferromagnet

Abstract The magnetic ordering of stage-2 CoCl 2 -Graphite Intercalation Compound (GIC) has been investigated by neutron diffraction. The static spin correlations are found to exhibit pronounced two-dimensional (2D) character at all temperatures down to 4.4 K, with a weak antiferromagnetic c axis coupling below T l ≈ 8.8 K. A longitudinal scan through the Co(100) reflection at 4.4 K does not exhibit the peak shape characteristic of a bound vortex phase from finite-sized islands. This assessment is corroborated by scanning across the magnetic ridge along the c ∗ axis. The measured 2D structure factor has been succesfully fit to a sum of two terms: a short-range order term, which is of maximum intensity and minimum width near T u ≈ 9.5 K, and a long-range order term of constant width which vanishes above T u . The scattering near T u does not reflect the form expected for a bound vortex phase.
Effect of normal aging on the activity of human hepatic cytochrome P450IIE1.

Alteration de l'activite enzymatique du cytochrome P450 IIE1 au cours du vieillissement. L'analyse de fractions microsomales d'hepatocytes de sujets jeunes et âges montre qu'il n'y a pas de difference de metabolisme hepatique pour le cytochrome P450 IIE1 en fonction de l'âge
Development of an in-process Pokayoke system utilizing accelerometer and logistic regression modeling for monitoring injection molding flash

Today, using recycled materials is a common practice in plastic industries for the sake of saving material cost and pursuing sustainable manufacturing. The recycled materials may have some properties (for example, fluidity and viscosity) significantly different from the primary plastic resin, which may lead to quality problems. An in-process Pokayoke system was developed in this research to monitor injection molding parts’ flash caused by adding a foreign polymer in the lab test, which was used to simulate the recycled plastic. The proposed system employed an accelerometer to capture the injection molding vibration signals. The featured injection molding vibration signals were identified through data analyses, and they were then used as input variables through logistic modeling to predict flash in an injection molding process that utilizes pure polystyrene (PS) mixed with a small portion of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The testing results indicated that this Pokayoke system could monitor the injection molding flash status caused by the mixed material with approximately 95 % accuracy while the injection molding is in process. This Pokayoke system can help the injection molding machine take immediate actions to avoid wastes caused by flash.
Quantification of ligand packing density on gold nanoparticles using ICP-OES

In this study, a prototypical thiolated organic ligand, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), was conjugated on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and packing density was measured on an ensemble-averaged basis using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The effects of sample preparation, including centrifugation and digestion, as well as AuNP size and concentration, on recovery were investigated. For AuNPs with diameters of 5, 10, 30, 60, and 100 nm, calculated packing density is independent of size, averaging 7.8 nm−2 and ranging from 6.7 to 9.0 nm−2, and is comparable to reported values for MPA and similar short-chain ligands on AuNPs. These preliminary data provide fundamental information on the advantages and limitations of ICP-based analyses of conjugated AuNP systems. Moreover, they provide necessary information for the development of more broadly applicable methods for quantifying nanoparticle–ligand conjugates of critical importance to nanomedicine applications.
Evaluation of CO2 adsorption capacity of solid sorbents

The CO2 adsorption capacity of the low-cost solid sorbents of waste tire char (TC) and chicken waste char (CW) was compared with commercial active carbon (AC) and 5 A zeolite (ZA) using thermogravimetric analysis (TG), pressurized TG, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The sorbents were degassed in a TG up to 150 °C to release all gases on the surface of the sample, then cooled down to the designed temperature for adsorption. TG results indicated that the CO2 adsorption capacity of TC was higher than that of CW, but lower than those of AC and ZA. The maximum adsorption rate of TC at 50 °C was 0.61% min−1, lower than that of AC, but higher than that of CW, 0.44% min−1. The maximum adsorption rate of ZA at 50 °C was 3.1% min−1. When the pressure was over 4 bar, the adsorption rate of ZA was lower than that of TC and AC. At 30 bar, the total CO2 uptake of TC was 20 wt%, higher than that of CW and ZA but lower than that of AC. The temperature, nitrogen concentration, and water content also influenced the CO2 adsorption capacity of sorbents to some extent. DSC results showed that adsorption was an exothermic process. The heat of CO2 adsorption per mole of CO2 of TC at 50 °C was 24 kJ mol−1 while the ZA had the largest heat of adsorption at 38 kJ mol−1. Comparing the characteristics of TC and CW, TC may be a promising sorbent for removal of CO2.
Layperson trauma training in low- and middle-income countries: a review.

Abstract Background Prehospital trauma systems are rudimentary in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and require laypersons to stabilize and transport injured patients. The World Health Organization recommends educating layperson first responders as an essential step in the development of Emergency Medical Services systems in LMICs. This systematic review examines trauma educational initiatives for layperson first responders in resource-poor settings. Materials and methods Layperson first-responder training and education program publications were identified using PubMed MEDLINE and Scopus databases. Articles addressing physicians, professional Emergency Medical Services training, or epidemiologic descriptions were excluded. Publications were assessed by independent reviewers, and those included underwent thematic analysis. Results Thirteen publications met inclusion criteria. Four themes emerged regarding the development of layperson first-responder training programs: (1) An initial needs assessment of a region's existing trauma system of care and laypersons' baseline emergency care knowledge focuses subsequent educational interventions; (2) effective programs adapt to and leverage existing resources; (3) training methods should anticipate participants with low levels of education and literacy; and (4) postimplementation evaluation allows for curriculum improvement. Technology, such as online and remote learning platforms, can be used to operationalize each theme. Conclusions Successful training programs for layperson first responders in LMICs identify and maximize existing resources are adaptable to learners with little formal education and are responsive to postimplementation evaluation. Educational platforms that leverage technology to deliver content may facilitate first-responder trauma education in underresourced areas. Themes identified can inform the development of trauma systems of care to decrease mortality and physiological severity scores in trauma patients in LMICs.
ICECUBE-DEEPCORE-PINGU: FUNDAMENTAL NEUTRINO AND DARK MATTER PHYSICS AT THE SOUTH POLE

The IceCube neutrino observatory at the South Pole uses 1 km3 of instrumented ice to detect both astrophysical and atmospheric neutrinos. Expanding the capabilities of the original design, the DeepCore sub-array is a low-energy extension to IceCube which will collect $\mathcal{O}(100, 000)$ atmospheric neutrinos a year. The high statistics sample will allow DeepCore to make neutrino oscillation measurements at higher energies and longer baselines than current experiments. The first successful observation of neutrino induced cascades in a neutrino telescope has recently been observed in DeepCore, which upon further cultivation should help refine atmospheric neutrino flux models. Besides the fundamental neutrino physics, the low-energy reach of DeepCore, down to as low as 10 GeV, and multi-megaton effective volume will enhance indirect searches for WIMP-like dark matter. A new proposal seeking to lower the energy reach down to $\mathcal{O}(1)$ GeV known as the Phased IceCube Next Generation Upgrade (or PING...
Incentives to participate in online research: an experimental examination of "surprise" incentives

The recruitment of participants for online survey research presents many challenges. In this work, we present four experiments examining how two different kinds of "surprise" financial incentives affect the rate of participation in a longitudinal study when participants are initially solicited with either an appeal to intrinsic motivation to participate in research or one that also offers extrinsic financial incentives. We find that unexpected financial incentives ("existence surprises") presented to people who click a recruitment advertisement focused on intrinsic incentives lead to a lower recruitment rate than do the same incentives offered to those who clicked an advertisement that led them to expect it. However, when potential participants expect a financial incentive, surprising them with a higher amount ("amount surprises") yields a higher recruitment rate. We interpret these results in the context of crowding theory. Neither type of surprise affected ongoing participation, measured as the number of questions and questionnaires completed over the course of the study.
Wavelet based nonparametric regression approach for de-noising and modeling of transient switching noise measurements

In high performance systems, with millions of gates switching at each clock cycle and multiple modules operating at different frequencies, the level of simultaneous switching noise (SSN) is difficult to estimate deterministically; necessitating a measurement based approach. The principal difficulty in pursuing a measurement based approach for measuring the switching noise voltage is the noisy character of the time domain measurement and the partial (magnitude only) information in the frequency domain measurement. Accurate signal measurement is essential for correct extraction of the resonances in the signal, on which in turn depends the accuracy of the modeling results. This paper proposes a wavelet based nonparametric regression approach for processing the transient data such that it can be productively used in accurately extracting the resonances in the signal and using them for modeling purposes.
Republished: Defining impact of a rapid response team: qualitative study with nurses, physicians and hospital administrators.

Objective The objective of this study was to qualitatively describe the impact of a Rapid Response Team (RRT) at a 944-bed, university-affiliated hospital. Methods We analysed 49 open-ended interviews with administrators, primary team attending physicians, trainees, RRT attending hospitalists, staff nurses, nurses and respiratory technicians. Results Themes elicited were categorised into the domains of (1) morale and teamwork, (2) education, (3) workload, (4) patient care, and (5) hospital administration. Positive implications beyond improved care for acutely ill patients were: increased morale and empowerment among nurses, real-time redistribution of workload for nurses (reducing neglect of non-acutely ill patients during emergencies), and immediate access to expert help. Negative implications were: increased tensions between nurses and physician teams, a burden on hospitalist RRT members, and reduced autonomy for trainees. Conclusions The RRT provides advantages that extend well beyond a reduction in rates of transfers to intensive care units or codes but are balanced by certain disadvantages. The potential impact from these multiple sources should be evaluated to understand the utility of any RRT programme.
MMPI Differences Between Alcoholics and Drug Abusers: Effect of Age and Race

Inpatients in Veterans Administration substance-abuse treatment programs voluntarily took the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) as part of a routine clinical evaluation
Societal response to Hurricane Mitch and intra- versus intergenerational equity issues: Whose norms should apply?

Late in the 1998 hurricane season, Central America was slammed by a devastating hurricane. Honduras, Nicaragua. El Salvador, Guatemala, and Belize were greatly impacted by Hurricane Mitch, one of the deadliest storms to affect the region in the past 200 years. The economies of each of these countries were badly affected. In the case of Honduras-at the time the fourth-poorest country in Latin America-its president suggested that 50 years of progress had been wiped out by the floods and mudslides associated with this relatively short-lived storm system. Humanitarian assistance poured into the region in the first months following the disaster. As of mid-2000, various national, bilateral, international, and nongovernmental programs were in progress or on the drawing board for recovery, reconstruction, and renewed development of the worst affected countries. Using Honduras as a case study, some of the ethical issues that abound in the decisions of whom to help, when, and how to help them in the wake of such an extreme climate-related human tragedy are examined. Should development assistance be focused on those who have been directly and adversely affected by this storm, or should the emphasis be on reducing the risk of exposure by future generations to such disasters? Is there yet another approach that seeks to protect future generations from similar harm while at the same time assisting present-day victims to get through their hardships?
Software reuse: a context for introducing software engineering principles in a traditional computer science second course

‘he demand for graduates well-trained in sofhvare engineering principles and practices is continuing to increase. Educators of undergraduate computer science curricula can no longer afford to wait until the senior year to motivate and instill sofhvare engineering principles in their students. However, introducing new principles in early courses, without displacing existing principles, is not easy. This paper presents software reuse as an appropriate context for discussing principles of software design and specification, along with abstraction and encapsulation, in traditional tleshmen computer science courses. The paper includes an outline of lectures and an example sequence of lab assignments for the second course following the reusebased approach. It describes our experience in adapting this approach in Ada for four semesters at the West Virgrnia University.
Quantitative determination of a novel dual PPAR α/γ agonist using on-line turbulent flow extraction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Turbulent flow chromatograph (TFC) is a technique for the direct and efficient analysis of drugs and metabolites in biological matrices. We report here TFC on-line with an HPLC-MS/MS assay for the determination of 5-[2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methoxy-N-[[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]benzamide (I, MK-0767, KRP297, Fig. 1) in plasma. Samples were transferred using an automated system followed by the addition of internal standard (II), prepared in 0.1 M ammonium acetate (pH 4.0). The plasma samples were directly injected onto a C18 turbulent flow column on-line with an HPLC-MS/MS system, and the analytical column used was a ThermoHypersil Keystone C18. Detection was achieved by MS/MS, using positive ionization on a TurboIonSpray probe, operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The linear range was 4-2000 ng/mL for I when using 50 microL of plasma. The method exhibited good linearity and reproducibility. The method also showed good selectivity and ruggedness when applied to clinical samples, and was successfully cross-validated with a conventional off-line SPE, LC-MS/MS method.
Evidence That Heat and Ultraviolet Radiation Activate a Common Stress-Response Program in Plants That Is Alterd in the uvh6 Mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana

The uvh6 mutant of Arabidopsis was previously isolated in a screen for increased sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. uvh6 mutant plants were killed by incubation at 37[deg]C for 4 d, a treatment not lethal to wild-type plants. Furthermore, under permissive conditions, uvh6 plants were yellow-green with an approximately one-third lower chlorophyll content. Genetic analysis of the uvh6 mutant strongly suggested that all three mutant phenotypes were due to mutation at the same genetic locus. To understand UVH6 function more fully, the response of wild-type plants to growth at elevated temperatures and exposure to UV radiation was analyzed. Wild-type plants grown at 30[deg]C were as UV-hypersensitive and yellow-green as uvh6 mutant plants grown at 24[deg]C. Mutant uvh6 plants induced heat-shock protein HSP21 at a lower threshold temperature than wild-type plants, indicating that the uvh6 mutant was exhibiting signs of heat stress at a 4 to 5[deg]C lower temperature than wild-type plants. We propose that UV damage and heat induce a common stress response in plants that leads to tissue death and reduced chloroplast function, and that the UVH6 product is a negative regulator of this response.
Some remarks on greedy algorithms

Estimates are given for the rate of approximation of a function by means of greedy algorithms. The estimates apply to approximation from an arbitrary dictionary of functions. Three greedy algorithms are discussed: the Pure Greedy Algorithm, an Orthogonal Greedy Algorithm, and a Relaxed Greedy Algorithm.
Development of eye colors in Drosophila: some properties of the hormones concerned

The substance inducing the production of pigment in the eyes of vermilion brown mutants of Drosophila melanogaster has been shown to be a relatively stable chemical entity possessing true hormone-like activity. A simple method for obtaining hormone solutions has been developed involving extraction of dried wild type Drosophila pupae with ethyl alcohol and water. A logarithmic proportionality has been found to exist between the amount of hormone and the induced eye color. This relationship provides a simple method for the quantitative determination of hormone concentration in given extracts. Larvae and pupae of D. melanogaster contain an intracellular enzyme which inactivates the hormone in the presence of molecular oxygen. The hormone is not oxidized under ordinary conditions with either molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide. The hormone has been found to be an amphoteric compound with both acidic and basic groups and with a molecular weight between 400 and 600. The solubility and precipitation reactions of the hormone suggest its amino acid-like nature. However, the instability to heat, acid, and alkali, and its rather restricted occurrence indicate a rather complex specific structure.
“We Talk Here. This Is a School for Talking.” Participatory Democracy from the Classroom out into the Community: How Discussion Was Used in the Mississippi Freedom Schools

AbstractIn early 1964, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), a civil rights group comprised mostly of young black college students and graduates, conceived a project that would bring a number of white volunteer college students to Mississippi the following summer to participate in various civil rights projects serving poor black communities. One of those projects created “freedom schools,” an alternative elementary/secondary educational program designed to dramatize the inadequacies of the public schools and to help black students relate education to their own experiences and problems, leading to eventual community social and political action. The major curriculum centered around a citizenship approach that included Negro history, African culture, political thought, blacks’ social identity, current events, voter registration, and direct social action in the civil rights movement, particularly in the local community and the state. This curriculum was delivered through an innovative instruct...
References and Bibliography: Citing the Internet

Over the past six years scholars have found the Internet to be a source of quick information. While the quality of information on the Internet may be questionable, nonetheless, sources of online studies are beginning to merge with library-based research. This article discusses the history of the Internet; concerns of using the Internet as a source, the importance of citing sources and how to cite electronic sources.
Private searching for nearest neighbors

We give efficient protocols for secure and private k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) search, when the data is distributed between two parties who want to cooperatively compute the answers without revealing to each other their private data. Our protocol for the single-step k-NN search is provably secure and has linear computation and communication complexity. Previous work on this problem had a quadratic complexity, and also leaked information about the parties' inputs. We adapt our techniques to also solve the general multi-step k-NN search, and describe a specific embodiment of it for the case of sequence data. The protocols and correctness proofs can be extended to suit other privacy-preserving data mining tasks, such as classification and outlier detection.
TB control strategy.

I WOULD like to challenge the assertion by some of our specialist species divisions that the BVA's recent position on controlled shooting as part of the badger cull policy is ‘inappropriate’ ( VR , May 23, 2015, vol 176, pp 551-552). BVA's decision to withdraw support for the use of controlled shooting as part of the badger culling policy was taken by our Council following consultation with our committees (Ethics and Welfare Group and Veterinary Policy Group), our specialist divisions (including the …
What Makes You the “Worst of the Worst?” An Examination of State Policies Defining Supermaximum Confinement

As a response to an increasing prison population and as a counteractive measure to problematic inmates, many states within the United States have established supermaximum (supermax) prisons or supe...
Social Reform and Social Revolution

IT HAS long been almost axiomatic among political thinkers that social reforms are the surest preventive of social revolution, but very little attention has been paid to the analysis of the relationship between the two. The usual explanations are general and far from satisfactory. They assume on the part of the masses either gratitude for social and economic favors or a willingness to abandon professed ideals for the sake of some small measure of economic security; they neglect the fact that group gratitude is unstable and that the social revolutionaries have been moved by a zeal essentially religious in character which was not likely to be affected-and actually was not -by concessions made by the social reformers. The policy of Bismarck in granting economic reforms to undermine p,olitical opposition is cited again and again, but the statistics regarding the growth of the socialist party are seldom mentioned at the same time. Yet one can hardly escape admitting the validity of such an axiom in the light of the recent history of Europe. The countries which endured the greatest strains during the great war-namely Great Britain, France, and Germany-were also those in which pre-war legislation had done the most to insure the average man against ignorance, unemployment, and a destitute old age. These same countries are today the stronghold of the politically liberal nationalism so characteristic of the nineteenth century. Their losses of men and of property were great, they suffered from political revolution, inflation or unemployment, yet they remained immune to the fevers of social revolution and dictatorship. The case of Germany is especially striking. The new republic, immediately after the revolution which brought it into being, was forced to accept the humiliation, the territorial losses, and the economic burdens embodied in the treaty of Versailles; then came the period of inflation resulting in the complete collapse of the mark; finally, with stabilization, unemployment appeared to add its share to the sufferings of the people. Yet Germany escaped social revolution. On the other hand, the peasant countries, the illiterate countries, the countries which never embarked on programs of social reform have suffered from attempts to impose new schemes of society which range from Communism to Fascism, or have sought refuge in the creation of dictatorships. It is easier to recognize the fact than to find a reason for it. Great Britain, France, and Germany, among the great powers,
Jay Winter and Jean-Louis Robert, eds., Capital cities at war: Paris, London, Berlin 1914–1919

Capital cities at war: Paris, London, Berlin 1914–1919, vol. 2: A cultural history, edited by Jay Winter and Jean-Louis Robert, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2007, xiv + 545 pp. With their...
Overcoming Large Piston Capture Range Problems in Segmented Systems Using Broadband Light

Traditional phase retrieval methods fail to retrieve piston errors greater than one wave in segmented systems. We present a new algorithm that uses broadband light to fit large piston error with a high convergence rate.
Three Models of Acculturation: Applications for Developing a Church Planting Strategy Among Diaspora Populations

Cross-cultural church planters often work with individuals from several cultures or with immigrants from one specific culture. These church planters can develop a more effective church planting strategy by understanding three models of acculturation, the process of how individuals respond and change when coming into contact with a new culture. The melting-pot one dimensional model describes how immigrants acculturate as time progresses, from one generation to another. The two dimensional acculturation strategies model describes what can be expected to happen to members of a diaspora population due to their views of both their host and home cultures. The social identity model of acculturation predicts immigrants’ desire to be member of a group based on what group membership contributes to their identity. All three models can be used to help choose an appropriate church planting strategy according to the context.
A Commentary on WIPO's 'The Management of Internet Names and Addresses: Intellectual Property Issues'

The World Intellectual Property Organization's Final Report on "The Management of Internet Names And Addresses: Intellectual Property Issues" is in many respects a substantial improvement on WIPO's Interim Report, RFC 3. The attempt to define "abusive registrations" represents a good-faith effort to define cybersquatting. While this new definition will no doubt benefit from public comment and discussion it has yet to receive, the proposal in the body of the report seems to hew closely to the definitions evolving in the various courts that have considered the issue. Once flaws in the formal expression of the policy in the Final Report's Annexes have been corrected, this proposal should represent an improvement over the current NSI dispute policy, one that will serve the legitimate interests of trademark and service mark holders without opening the door to "reverse domain hijacking". Unfortunately, the Final Report leaves essentially unchanged the proposals in the Interim Report regarding the proposed treatment of globally famous trademarks. It proposes a baroque, ad hoc, quasi-judicial procedure based on vague (and in one case prejudicial) criteria to define when a trademark is sufficiently internationally famous to be granted special privileges on the Internet, and proposes special privileges that trademarks do not currently have under law. At present there is no agreed definition of a globally famous mark, although WIPO-sponsored panels have been seeking to formulate a definition for years. Furthermore, the WIPO proposal rejects imposing any upper limit on the number of trademarks that may be declared "famous," perhaps because it is impossible to predict how many marks will qualify. As noted regarding the Interim Report, parties who lose their domain names under the proposed dispute resolution procedure and believe the arbitrator erred may find it difficult to find a court capable of hearing their claim. Because the Final Report restricts the dispute resolution procedure to a much narrower class of cases than did the Interim Report, one can expect that there will be many fewer such cases than initially feared – but not zero.In addition, there are a number of ambiguities and possible errors in material which appears for the first time in the Final Report. This material will benefit from public review; and in some cases some of this material may need revision. In particular, the procedural proposals in the Annex contain what appears to be a serious drafting error.While not strictly an intellectual property issue, and without wishing to minimize the complexity and importance of the real issues that remain to be determined, the Final Report provides a less ringing endorsement than one might have hoped for new global Top-Level Domains (gTLDs) and for the creation of a new privacy-enhanced gTLD for non-commercial uses.
Prospective Correlation between Likelihood of Favorable Pathology on the 17-Gene Genomic Prostate Score and Actual Pathological Outcomes at Radical Prostatectomy

AbstractIntroduction: We evaluate the Genomic Prostate Score in a prospective clinical setting and determine the cutoff point for likelihood of favorable pathology, below which definitive treatment should be advised.Methods: Pathological data were recorded for men who had the Genomic Prostate Score performed and who ultimately underwent radical prostatectomy. Inclusion criteria were newly diagnosed prostate cancer, and NCCN classification as very low, low and low volume intermediate risk. Adverse pathology was defined as any pT3 stage and primary Gleason grade of 4 or any pattern 5. ROC analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff point of likelihood of favorable pathology for each NCCN risk group.Results: A total of 95 patients were enrolled and 50 patients (53%) underwent radical prostatectomy. Adverse pathology was found in 21 patients (42%), grouped as very low risk 0%, low risk 32.4% and low volume intermediate risk 71.4%. Among those with low risk disease, ROC analysis determined that a likelih...
The Place of the Computer in Continuing Medical Education

Continuing education for the practicing physician should be centered around three approaches: Assistance in acquiring information, fellowship based on academic activities, and linkage of education to practice. Computer science research should facilitate linking of continuing education to practice in three categories: Indexing office records for educational needs assessment, providing information when and where it is needed, providing guidance to the physician at the time diagnostic and therapeutic plans are being made.
Three Psychotherapies for Suicidal Adolescents: Overview of Conceptual Frameworks and Intervention Techniques

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youth, and as many as one in five youth report having had at least one serious thought of suicide in the past year. Despite the enormous emotional pain and suffering associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors, up to 40 % of suicidal youth never receive treatment. Given that social workers are employed in multiple settings where suicidal children and adolescents are encountered (e.g. schools, homeless shelters, emergency departments, outpatient mental health agencies, private practice), they play a critical role in the identification and treatment of suicidal youth. In the past decade, evidence has emerged that attachment-based family therapy, integrated cognitive behavioral therapy, and dialectical behavior therapy can reduce suicidal ideation and/or suicide attempt in youth. The purpose of this article is to review the theoretical assumptions, conceptual frameworks and key intervention techniques for these three interventions so that clinicians can integrate these approaches into their practice with suicidal youth and families. Implications for practice are integrated throughout the review.
Low amplitude rhythmic contraction frequency in human detrusor strips correlates with phasic intravesical pressure waves

Low amplitude rhythmic contractions (LARC) occur in detrusor smooth muscle and may play a role in storage disorders such as overactive bladder and detrusor overactivity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether LARC frequencies identified in vitro from strips of human urinary bladder tissue correlate with in vivo LARC frequencies, visualized as phasic intravesical pressure (p ves) waves during urodynamics (UD). After IRB approval, fresh strips of human urinary bladder were obtained from patients. LARC was recorded with tissue strips at low tension (<2 g) and analyzed by fast Fourier transform (FFT) to identify LARC signal frequencies. Blinded UD tracings were retrospectively reviewed for signs of LARC on the p ves tracing during filling and were analyzed via FFT. Distinct LARC frequencies were identified in 100% of tissue strips (n = 9) obtained with a mean frequency of 1.97 ± 0.47 cycles/min (33 ± 8 mHz). Out of 100 consecutive UD studies reviewed, 35 visually displayed phasic p ves waves. In 12/35 (34%), real p ves signals were present that were independent of abdominal activity. Average UD LARC frequency was 2.34 ± 0.36 cycles/min (39 ± 6 mHz) which was similar to tissue LARC frequencies (p = 0.50). A majority (83%) of the UD cohort with LARC signals also demonstrated detrusor overactivity. During UD, a subset of patients displayed phasic p ves waves with a distinct rhythmic frequency similar to the in vitro LARC frequency quantified in human urinary bladder tissue strips. Further refinements of this technique may help identify subsets of individuals with LARC—mediated storage disorders.
On a hybrid of bilinear Hilbert transform and paraproduct

We introduce a class of tri-linear operators that combine features of the bilinear Hilbert transform and paraproduct. For two instances of these operators, we prove boundedness property in a large range \(D = \left\{ {\left( {{p_1},{p_2},{p_3}} \right) \in {\mathbb{R}^3}:1 < {p_1},{p_2} < \infty ,\frac{1}{{{p_1}}} + \frac{1}{{{p_2}}} < \frac{3}{2},1 < {p_3} < \infty } \right\}\).
Neuronal Activity Promotes Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Infiltration via Secreted Factors (P3.277)

Objective: To examine the effect of neuronal activity on pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) migration and invasion. Background: The molecular and cellular determinants of pHGG infiltration are incompletely understood. Active neurons were recently recognized as an important component of the glioma microenvironment, as neuronal activity promotes the growth of a variety of glioma types via activity-regulated mitogen secretion. Methods: Conditioned medium (CM) was collected from optogenetically stimulated channelrhodopsin-expressing mouse cortical slices, spontaneously active wild-type slices, and from wild-type slices incubated with tetrodotoxin to silence neuronal activity. Electrophysiology confirmed hyperactivity, spontaneous activity, or silencing of neurons. To test the effects of exposure to activity-regulated secreted factors present in CM on glioma infiltration, we used a 3D spheroid invasion assay, in which spheroids formed from patient-derived pHGG cells were embedded in growth factor-reduced Matrigel mixed with CM. Results: After 72h, pHGG spheroids exposed to CM from active or hyperactive cortical slices demonstrated significantly greater infiltration through Matrigel vs. spheroids exposed to plain medium, or to CM from slices incubated with TTX. Repeating the assay after CM ultracentrifugation with size exclusion filters indicated that the pro-infiltrative factors are 10-100 kDa macromolecules. Boiling CM to denature proteins completely abrogated the effect, while nucleic acid digestion with DNase/RNase did not. When spheroids were embedded in plain growth factor-reduced Matrigel and CM was added in a separate top layer, the degree of infiltration towards silent, active and hyperactive slice CM was similar, suggesting that activity-regulated secreted factors do not function as chemoattractants. Proteomic analyses of CM identified candidate activity-regulated pro-infiltrative factors, presently undergoing necessity and sufficiency testing. Conclusions: Taken together, these data indicate that active neurons promote pHGG infiltration via secreted protein(s) that induce a pro-infiltrative phenotype, identifying an important role of active neurons in pHGG progression. Study Supported by: The Cure Starts Now Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Johung has nothing to disclose. Dr. Monje-Deisseroth has nothing to disclose.
Das politische Selbstkonzept von Grundschullehramts-Studierenden – Ausprägung und Veränderung im Rahmen einer Interventionsmaßnahme

Das politische Selbstkonzept bildet, als ein Aspekt motivationaler Orientierungen, eine Verbindung zwischen Wissen und Handeln der Lehrkrafte und hat daher masgeblichen Einfluss auf das politische Lernen der Schuler*innen. Studien, die sich mit professionellen Kompetenzen – hierbei insbesondere mit dem Selbstkonzept – von Grundschullehramtsstudierenden im Bereich der Politik beschaftigen, sind rar. Im folgenden Beitrag wird von den Ergebnissen einer quasi-experimentellen Interventionsstudie mit Grundschullehramtsstudierenden (N = 145) im Bereich der politischen Bildung berichtet, in der das politische Selbstkonzept derselben untersucht wurde.
Osgood Schlatter lesion: histologic features of slipped anterior tibial tubercle

No study reports the histological features of the various zone of the anterior tubercle of the tibia in the different stages of the Osgood-Schlatter (O-S) lesion. For this reason we carried on an histological study. Specimens were taken from 13 patients with O-S lesion prior to surgery. In 4 cases in the apophyseal stage lesions were present in an altered fibrocartilage anterior to the ossification centre. In 9 cases in the epiphyseal stage varying degrees of reparative tissues were observed in the bed of the fragment of the secondary ossification centre. In 3 of them a zone of lesion was observed within the fibrocartilage anterior to the ossification centre. These results suggest that the slippage of the patellar tendon insertion may be progressive and caused by pathological fibrocartilage.