cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic effects of mosaicism for a 47,XXX cell line in Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome, gonadal dysgenesis with sex chromosome abnormalities, occurs in approximately 1/3000 liveborn females. Of females diagnosed with the condition, half are monosomic for the X chromosome. Among the rest, a multiplicity of chromosomal aberrations has been described. The more frequent are the presence of an isochromosome of the long arm of the X (i(Xq)) and ring X and mosaicism for two or more normal or abnormal cell lines (for example, 45,X/46,XX; 45,X/46,X,i(Xq); 45,X/46,XY). A small proportion (3-4%)1,2 of subjects with Turner syndrome are mosaic for a triple X (47,XXX) cell line. The triple X syndrome in the non-mosaic state is associated with a decrement in intelligence from that expected based on parental and sib accomplishment, normal stature, and normal fertility.3–8 Is the prognosis for females with Turner syndrome mosaic for a triple X cell line substantially different from that for females with 45,X? Does the presence of a third, normal 46,XX cell line in some of these females predictably affect phenotype? Is the risk for mental retardation or the likelihood of preserved fertility or normal stature greater in this category of people than in those with 45,X or 45,X/46,XX alone? I have reviewed our experience with 17 patients with Turner syndrome mosaic for a triple X cell line (11 with 45,X/47,XXX and six with 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX), and that of an additional 80 published case reports (18 with 45,X/47,XXX and 62 with 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX).1,9–64 These data are compared with those for the 227 girls and women with 45,X Turner syndrome and the 69 with 45,X/46,XX in our clinic database. Information gathered from medical records, direct examination, and self-report has been collected in a computer database as part of an ongoing, long term study of the natural history of Turner syndrome begun in 1977.2,65, …
Recent Updates to NOAA/NWS Rainfall Frequency Atlases

The rainfall frequency atlases and technical papers published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) serve as de-facto national standards for rainfall intensity at specified frequencies and durations in the United States. The current standards were published between 1961 and 1973. The NWS has updated the standards for the semiarid southwest and the Ohio River basin and surrounding states, and is working on updates to Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The Hydrometeorological Design Studies Center located within the NWS Office of Hydrologic Development is responsible for the updates and its work is funded by contributions from other Federal, State and local agencies. This paper provides an overview of the recent updates and the technology and data improvements used including: use of significantly longer data records than were available in the 1960/70s emphasizing data quality control and consistency, use of a regional L-moments analysis technique, a spatial interpolation-based mapping procedure using a statistical-geographic approach, and web-based delivery of the final product.
Preliminary Studies Concerning the Lyophilized Water-Soluble Extracts of Digitalis Purpurea L. and Digitalis Lutea L.*

A method for preparing lyophilized water-soluble extracts of Digitalis purpurea L. and Digitalis lutea L. has been described. The extracts which are instantaneously soluble in water, lend themselves readily to the extemporaneous preparations of infusions. Preliminary tests on the extracts stored approximately sixty days indicate that apparently the powders are stable and have potencies comparable with tinctures prepared from corresponding samples when equal concentrations are compared. Further studies concerning these extracts are now in progress.
Fabricaton Ofactive Devices and Logic Gates on Fibers

Textiles are a suitable substrate for large area, flexible and wearable electronics because of their excellent flexibility, mechanical properties and low cost manufacturability. The ability to fabricate active devices on fiber is a key step for achieving large area and flexible electronic structures. We fabricated transistors and inverters with a-Si film and pentacene film on Kapton film and cut them into fibers. The a-Si TFT showed a threshold voltage of 8.5 V and on/off ratio of 103 at a drain voltage of 10 V. These are similar to the characteristics of a TFT fabricated on a glass substrate at the same time. The maximum gain of the inverter with an enhancement n-type load was 6.45 at a drain voltage of 10 V. The pentacene OTFT showed a threshold voltage of -8 V and on/off ratio of 103 at a drain voltage of -30 V. The inverter with a depletion p-type load showed a voltage inversion but the inversion occurred at the wrong voltage. The antifuse was successfully programmed with a voltage pulse and also a current pulse. The resistance decreased from 10 GΩ to 2 kΩ after the programming.
Clinical Trials to Assess the Relationship Between Patent Foramen Ovale and Migraine Headaches

There are 12 observational studies that describe people with episodic migraines, some of whom are refractory to multiple prophylactic medications, who have complete cessation or significant reduction of their headaches and neurological symptoms following closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Since it is difficult to prove without blinding and randomization that the reduction of migraines following PFO closure is due to closure of the right-to-left shunt and not a placebo effect, dramatic observational reports led to the creation of controlled clinical trials to assess the efficacy of PFO closure in patients with refractory migraines.
The synthesis of Nb 3 Ge by RF sputtering

The conditions necessary for the formation of Nb 3 Ge by low-pressure rf sputtering with a superconducting transition temperatureT c >21 K have been investigated. Samples have been deposited onto cooled substrates so that the film is first amorphous and then is crystallized by a subsequent annealing, and onto hot substrates, in which case the film is crystalline upon deposition. The highestT c samples were obtained for a substrate temperature of 735±25° C. The optimum substrate temperature is the same as the optimum annealing temperature for crystallizing films which were first deposited onto cooled substrates. Special conditions are necessary for the formation of single-phase A15 samples of Nb 3 Ge with an optimumT c . We have utilized the collisions that the sputtered atoms undergo with the sputtering gas molecules to thermalize the sputtered atoms. We report here on sputtering in both krypton and in argon.
Concrete Strength Prediction by the Maturity Method

In recent years many in-place strength determination methods have come into use. Of these methods, the maturity method has much promise. The maturity of concrete can be estimated by the Nurse-Saul equation. For the prediction test, a total of six different concrete mixes were made. Variables considered were water to cement ratio, source of aggregates and cement, size of aggregates, etc. Maturity value was monitored by a single in-put device, and by a sixchannel recorder. Concrete compressive strengths were determined from standard cylinders and cores. In-place compressive strength based upon the in-place maturity value was predicted and later compared with cores obtained from slabs cast from the same concrete. Other mechanical properties of concrete were also obtained and related with the maturity value. From a predetermined maturity-strength relationship, in-place compressive strength can be reliably predicted.
The Jury's Constitutional Judgment

Despite the early American jury’s near-mythical role as a check on overreaching government agents, the contemporary jury’s role in constitutional adjudication remains opaque. Should the jury have the right to nullify criminal statutes on constitutional grounds? Should the jury apply constitutional doctrine in civil rights suits against government officers? Should courts of appeals defer to the jury’s application of constitutional law, or review it de novo?This Article offers the first holistic analysis of the jury’s role in constitutional adjudication. It argues that the Constitution’s text, history, and structure strongly support the jury’s authority to apply constitutional law to the facts of a case and offer solid, though mixed, support for the longstanding doctrine against the jury’s right to nullify statutes on the basis of its own constitutional view.The Article furthermore makes a case for the jury’s unique “constitutional competence.” Composed of a diverse group of lay people, the jury brings popular values to bear on the application of constitutional law. By deferring to the jury’s reasonable constitutional judgments, courts make room for popular constitutional norms on a case-by-case basis without forgoing the responsibility to “say what the law is.” The resulting constitutional construction is a middle ground between judicial supremacy and judicial abnegation that promises a more symbolically and substantively democratic constitutional law.
Images in clinical medicine. Tripolar mitotic figure.

Figure 1. Dysfunctional tripolar mitotic figures usually indicate neoplasia. The cell shown here, however, represents an abnormal but nonneoplastic astrocyte, presumably infected with papovirus, in a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (Hematoxylin and eosin, ×1500.)
Serum levels of unbound free fatty acids. II: The effect of intralipid administration in premature infants.

Fatty acids (FFA) are key nutrients in maintaining physiologic homeostasis and in the form of Intralipid administration, they are important sources of nutrition in the premature newborn infant. Complexed with albumin, fatty acids have a small but important fraction that remains unbound in the aqueous phase.The goal of this study was to examine the levels of serum levels of unbound free fatty acids (FFAu) in premature newborns following Intralipid administration.A fluorescent probe acrylodated intestinal fatty acid binding protein (ADIFAB) was used to measure (FFAu) before Intralipid and during increasing rates of infusion.There were significant differences between (FFAu) values obtained before Intralipid and levels after the infusion of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g/kg/day (p < 0.05). Regression analysis of Intralipid dose and FFAu yielded an r = 0.438 and the following relationship: [FFAu] = 26.39 + 3.60 * IL (g/kg/day).Intralipid administration results in significant elevation of FFAu in the very low birth weight...
Assessing the Importance of Nonlinearities in the Development of a Substructure Model for the Wind Turbine CAE Tool FAST

Design and analysis of wind turbines are performed using aero-servo-elastic tools that account for the nonlinear coupling between aerodynamics, controls, and structural response. The NREL-developed computer-aided engineering (CAE) tool FAST also resolves the hydrodynamics of fixed-bottom structures and floating platforms for offshore wind applications. This paper outlines the implementation of a structural-dynamics module (SubDyn) for offshore wind turbines with space-frame substructures into the current FAST framework, and focuses on the initial assessment of the importance of structural nonlinearities. Nonlinear effects include: large displacements, axial shortening due to bending, cross-sectional transverse shear effects, etc.
Hypoxia at Normal Atmospheric Pressure As a Cause of Congenital Malformations in Mice.

SummaryPregnant mice kept for 2 hours during the 10th day of gestation in a gas chamber containing 6% oxygen in nitrogen at normal atmospheric pressure produced progeny having malformed ribs and vertebrae.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution: enthalpies of hydrogenation of the ring determine reactivities of C6H5X. The direction of the C6H5-X bond dipole determines orientation of the substitution.

There are still some secrets left to this well-studied reaction. Previously unreported relationships discovered are as follows. The ordering of reactivities of C6H5X is the same as that of enthalpies of hydrogenation of the ring to the correspondingly substituted cyclohexane. The orientation of substitution (meta or ortho/para) is controlled by the dipole direction of the ipso-C–X bond, like an ON/OFF switch. The difference between the halogens and other deactivating groups is that the bond between the atom bonded to the ipso carbon has the positive end of the dipole on the ipso carbon for the halogens (Cδ+–Xδ−) but in the opposite direction (Cδ−–Xδ+) for other deactivating groups. This reverses the directing effect. For all X, including the halogens, ipso-Cδ+–Xδ− results in ortho/para substitution. p-13C NMR shifts of C6H5X greater than that of benzene predict meta substitution. A linear relationship exists between p-13C NMR shift and ΔHhyd, except for X = halogen. With halobenzenes, the ortho/para ratio...
The Numerical Analysis of Cyclone Pressure Drop

According to the structure and air flow characteristics of the cyclone,based on internal flow field and measured concentration,cyclone tangential velocity model-based is simulated export static and dynamic pressure.The numeral simulation results and the theoretical computed model have similar results about pressure loss,this verify the cyclone pressure drop within the basic distribution.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in Glaucoma

Imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a mainstay of glaucoma diagnosis and management. In recent years, evidence has accumulated to show that OCT-derived rates of change are associated with progression of glaucoma and reduction of quality of life. OCT technology improves rapidly. Recent innovations such as swept source OCTs enable visualization of the lamina cribrosa. While noninvasive OCT angiography may shed some light into perfusion of the optic nerve head in glaucoma.
"Maids at the Grindstone": A comparative study of New Kingdom Egypt grain grinders

[Summary] Grinding (or milling) grain was an important activity that took place in nearly every ancient Egyptian home. Grinding was necessary to process emmer or barley grain into flour, and thus was a key step in manufacturing bread, the most important food in ancient Egypt. Grinding in ancient Egypt is well-attested archaeologically, and is the most commonly depicted activity of the grain processing sequence in Egyptian art and texts. Indeed, it was the step that likely took the most time and labour. Despite their significance to daily life in ancient Egypt, grinding implements and activities have often been ignored in archaeological reports and historical studies. However, recent investigations of contemporary ancient cultures as well as modern ethnographic work has brought grind stones and grinding to the fore. This has resulted in new archaeological and ethnographic information, and has refined theories regarding grain grinding and those who performed it. Using this cross-cultural body of evidence and theoretical discussion as a starting point, this presentation will investigate grinding in the domestic, non-elite sphere of New Kingdom Egypt. Using the grinding quern as a focus, this study will explore how association with a grind stone, as well as the act of grinding, created or impacted the miller’s identity and contributed to their role in the household. Archaeological data, 2D and 3D artistic representations of grinding, and literary and non-literary texts discussing grinding will be examined in conversation with evidence from other cultures. This paper will argue that grinding grain was particularly associated with females, and was a low-prestige activity. However, it was an important maintenance activity in the household, and contributed significantly to the labour force and economy of New Kingdom Egypt.
Role of Organizational Controls in Knowledge Management: Is Knowledge Management Really an “Oxymoron”?

The mainstream concept of information technology enabled knowledge management suffers from the limitations embedded in the traditional organizational control model. Although importance of organization control is acknowledged by many authors as critical to the success of knowledge management implementations, however the concept of ‘control’ is often misinterpreted and misapplied. It is the thesis of this chapter that most such assertions are based on incomplete, and often, fallacious understanding of ‘control’. Several authors have often suggested that knowledge management is an ‘oxymoron,’ however such observations are based upon inadequate and incomplete understanding of ‘control.’ Inadequate and incomplete understanding about organization controls may be often attributed for failure of knowledge management implementations in the new world of business. This chapter sets forth two important goals: first, to develop a richer understanding of organizational controls as they relate to knowledge management; and, second, to propose an organic model of organizational controls that facilitates creation of new knowledge, renewal of existing knowledge and knowledge sharing.
Equity and asset growth among Subchapter S banks

ABSTRACTSince 2004, commercial banks in the United States have been allowed to elect Subchapter S (hence Sub-S) status with up to 100 shareholders. That limitation may promote more effective monitoring of bank managers by shareholders which can, in turn, explain previous findings of superior performance among Sub-S banks. The present research focuses on the possibility that the shareholder limitation also constrains opportunities for bank growth, or a slow growth hypothesis for Sub-S banks. Using a differences-in-differences regression approach for a sample of community banks (i.e., less than $1b in assets) from 2004 to 2014, and controlling for initial assets and urban location, it is found that annual growth in real assets and equity was significantly higher among banks that never held Sub-S status than for banks that always held Sub-S status, and that banks switching to Sub-S later grew significantly faster than those that always held Sub-S status. Fixed effects regressions show that switching to Sub-S...
A brief family intervention for depression in primary care

This study tested the feasibility and outcomes of a brief psychoeducational intervention for family members of depressed veterans in primary care. Family members of veterans enrolled in TIDES, a VA collaborative care programme for depression in primary care, were invited to participate. High enrolment rates, high treatment retention and completion, and high levels of satisfaction with the intervention indicate that the programme is feasible and acceptable to family members. Veterans showed a decrease in depression severity, improvements in symptom and occupational global functioning, and an increase in general life satisfaction. Family members' attitudes about antidepressant medication use became more positive, and their knowledge of depression increased. There were no changes in behavioural activation or in family functioning. Overall, family members and clinical staff rated the intervention very positively. Staff members did note some obstacles to implementation and made suggestions to overcome identified obstacles. Practitioner points The use of Motivational Interviewing was an important contributor to generating interest in the family programme Family members involved in depression treatment evidence gains in positive attitudes towards medication use and an increased knowledge of depression Systematic training and ongoing contact with clinicians are key factors in improving their confidence and skills in working with families and increasing their commitment to implementing the intervention
Trimethylamine N-oxide stabilizes proteins via a distinct mechanism compared with betaine and glycine.

We report experimental and computational studies investigating the effects of three osmolytes, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), betaine, and glycine, on the hydrophobic collapse of an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP). All three osmolytes stabilize collapsed conformations of the ELP and reduce the lower critical solution temperature (LSCT) linearly with osmolyte concentration. As expected from conventional preferential solvation arguments, betaine and glycine both increase the surface tension at the air–water interface. TMAO, however, reduces the surface tension. Atomically detailed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest that TMAO also slightly accumulates at the polymer–water interface, whereas glycine and betaine are strongly depleted. To investigate alternative mechanisms for osmolyte effects, we performed FTIR experiments that characterized the impact of each cosolvent on the bulk water structure. These experiments showed that TMAO red-shifts the OH stretch of the IR spectrum via a mechanism that was very sensitive to the protonation state of the NO moiety. Glycine also caused a red shift in the OH stretch region, whereas betaine minimally impacted this region. Thus, the effects of osmolytes on the OH spectrum appear uncorrelated with their effects upon hydrophobic collapse. Similarly, MD simulations suggested that TMAO disrupts the water structure to the least extent, whereas glycine exerts the greatest influence on the water structure. These results suggest that TMAO stabilizes collapsed conformations via a mechanism that is distinct from glycine and betaine. In particular, we propose that TMAO stabilizes proteins by acting as a surfactant for the heterogeneous surfaces of folded proteins.
Learning to Feel Responsibility: A Weberian Understanding of Lawyerly Ethics

This paper argues that approaching a conflict like Spaulding v. Zimmerman limited to traditional considerations and leaving a lawyer only to choose between individual morality or fidelity to law is unduly myopic. Rather than getting mired in the traditional debate over which approach, individual morality or institutional morality, provides a stronger justification, this paper argues that a lawyer, when faced with a genuine dilemma, can justify herself not by her particular action, but by appealing to her possession of Weber’s three qualities and the consequent reconciling of the two ethics. By revealing the inadequacies in both Wendel’s and Luban’s theories, this paper suggests how a lawyer can take the most effective parts of both Wendel’s and Luban’s theories – fidelity to law and incorporation of moral remainders, tempered with Luban’s suggestion of Socratic skepticism – and bring them together through Weber’s theory.
pH-Dependence of The Maximal Velocity of Cytochrome c Oxidase: Relation to Proton Translocation and Respiratory Control

Cytochrome c oxidase is an enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen and couples the redox events to proton translocation across the inner membrane, thereby contributing to the formation of an electrochemical proton gradient. The mammalian enzyme is composed of 12-13 nonidentical subunits (1, 2) and contains at least four metal prosthetic groups. This level of complexity has made it difficult to determine what structural features are directly involved in the proton transfer process, or in other aspects of oxidase function.
Environmental Safety Threat Alters Mate Choice Processes in Humans: Further Evidence for the Environmental Security Hypothesis

The Environmental Security Hypothesis (ESH) proposes that an individual’s mate preferences should shift depending on how secure they perceive their surroundings to be. Here, we extend previous work by leading participants to believe they would be required to handle either a snake (threat condition) or tame rabbit (control condition) and measuring various aspects of mate selection. People in the threat condition reported a greater preference for bodies with a higher proportion of muscle versus fat. Women in the threat condition, but not men, reported a greater preference for more masculine-shaped faces and lower self-perceived mate value. Men in the threat condition, but not women, reported a significantly lower preference for Status-Resources and Warmth-Trustworthiness partner traits, and lower self-perceived social status. Finally, although we did not fully replicate previous findings with respect to short-term mating interest in women, men in the threat condition reported both a more favorable attitude towards short-term mating and a less favorable attitude towards long-term mating. Results are interpreted in line with a context-flexible view of psychological adaptations influencing human mate selection processes.
Oximetry as an Accurate Tool for Identifying Moderate to Severe Sleep Apnea in Patients With Acute Stroke.

Study Objectives:Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is highly prevalent in patients with acute stroke. SDB is often underdiagnosed and associated with neurological deterioration and stroke recurrence...
Photothermal transformation of Au-Ag nanocages under pulsed laser irradiation

Pulsed laser irradiation has emerged as an effective means to photothermally transform plasmonic nanostructures after their use in different biomedical applications. However, the ability to predict the products after photothermal transformation requires extensive ex situ studies. Here, we report a systematic study of the photothermal transformation of Au-Ag nanocages with a localized surface plasmon resonance at ca. 750 nm under pulsed laser irradiation at different fluences and a pulse duration of 5 ns. At biologically relevant laser energies, the pulsed laser transforms Au-Ag nanocages into pseudo-spherical, solid nanoparticles. The solid nanoparticles contained similar numbers of Au and Ag atoms to the parent Au-Ag nanocages. At increased laser fluences (>16 mJ cm-2) and number of pulses (>150), the average diameter of the resulting pseudo-spherical particles increased due to the involvement of Ostwald ripening and/or attachment-based growth. The changes in optical properties as a result of the transformation were validated using simulations based on the discrete dipole approximation method, where the spectral profiles and peak positions of the initial and final states matched well with the experimentally derived data. The results may have implications for the future use of Au-Ag nanocages in biomedicine, catalysis, and sensing.
MICROSOMAL REDOX PROTEINS OF ERYTHROID CELLS: CORRELATING LOSS OF HYDROPHOBIC TAIL WITH CHANGES OF SUBCELLULAR LOCATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the microsomal redox proteins of erythroid cells and correlates loss of hydrophobic tail with changes of subcellular location and biological activity. Erythroid cells provide a unique system in which the in vivo removal of the hydrophobic tails of microsomal redox proteins can be correlated with changes in biological activity and subcellular location of these proteins. It is reported that cytochrome b 5 , cytochrome b 5 reductase, and cytochrome P-450 are present in the endoplasmic reticulum of immature erythroid cells, but water-soluble forms of these proteins are present in mature erythrocytes. It appears that during erythroid maturation, proteolysis removes the hydrophobic tails from these proteins, dislodging them from the ER membrane to yield soluble proteins, which have completely different biological functions than their membrane-bound precursors. Soluble forms of cytochrome b 5 have been detected in and isolated from the cytoplasm of human, bovine, rabbit, and mouse erythrocytes. Studies of the human and bovine cytochromes demonstrate that the erythrocyte proteins correspond to the hydrophilic segment of the corresponding liver microsomal cytochrome b 5 .
Compression Testing of Ultra-high-performance Concrete

The compressive mechanical response of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) surpasses that exhibited by the types of concrete for which the ASTM C39 compressive strength test and ASTM C469 compression modulus of elasticity test were developed. When attempting to complete these tests on UHPC, one will likely face challenges related to both the required load rate of 35 psi/s (0.25 MPa/s) and the cylinder end preparation requirements. Compression strength test durations for concretes with compressive strengths up to and exceeding 29 ksi (200 MPa) can be excessively long. Common cylinder end preparation techniques are not acceptable because of the high strength of the concrete, resulting in the requirement that the cylinder ends be ground to a plane, parallel finish. Researchers at the U.S. Federal Highway Administration are developing solutions to these challenges. Research on the compressive strength of UHPC has demonstrated that the strength determined through the use of an ASTM C109 type of test on concrete cubes is very similar to the strength reported with ASTM C39 tests on cylinders. Thus cubes, which do not require end preparation, can be used as a surrogate for cylinders. A separate study investigating the effect of increasing the load rate during cylinder compressive tests to 150 psi/s (1 MPa/s) was also completed. In this testing program, 400 cylinders with strengths between 18 and 30 ksi (124 and 200 MPa) were tested at a range of load rates. The strength and modulus of elasticity increases resulting from the load rate increase were observed to be minimal.
Rapid isolation of Escherichia coli from water samples using magnetic microdiscs

Abstract This work introduces a method for rapid isolation of target bacterial cells using “bacteria-sized,” gold-coated magnetic microdiscs (1.5 μm in diameter, 80 nm in thickness). These microdiscs are functionalized with DNA aptamers for selectively isolating Escherichia coli cells from lab-prepared and environmental water samples at concentrations as low as 102 CFU/100 mL with no enrichment. This microdisc platform enables viability assay on the magnetically captured discs using fluorescent markers such as SYTO9, propidium iodide, and carbon quantum dots, providing both a detection and viability step in a single analysis. The significance of this gravity-driven separation technique is the ability to rapidly isolate target cells from relatively large sample volumes (up to 100 mL) with simple field-deployable apparatus in one step, without the use of complicated equipment or energy. This technique has immediate application for rapid (
Optimization and evaluation of a novel real-time RT-PCR test for detection of parechovirus in cerebrospinal fluid.

Abstract Human parechovirus (HPeV) infections cause a broad array of clinical manifestations ranging from gastrointestinal or respiratory illness to central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Though nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for detection of HPeVs have been described, a need exists for sensitive and specific NAATs with internal control (IC). This study describes optimization and evaluation of a novel, real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) test for detection of HPeV from CSF using EliTech HPeV Research-Use-Only detection reagent, MS2 IC and quantified HPeV control. Four RT-PCR kits were compared to select an enzyme with optimal amplification efficiency. The optimal RT-PCR enzyme volume and the best approach to add MS2 to the easyMAG extraction platform were investigated. Following assay optimization, performance characteristics were determined. SuperScript was the most efficient one-step RT-PCR kit, with 0.5 μl/reaction of enzyme being most cost-effective. Adding MS2 to samples post-lysis was better than pre-lysis. The limit of detection of the new test was 570 copies/mL. Commercially-available HPeV 1–6 were detectable, and no cross-reactivity with other CNS pathogens was observed. This test was accurate and reproducible for detection of HPeV and IC. It demonstrated good performance characteristics and is a useful addition to a suite of molecular assays for detection of viral pathogens in CSF.
Sexual Objectification, Internalization, and College Women’s Depression: The Role of Shame:

This study examined potential mediators, a moderator, and a moderated mediation of the link between sexual objectification experiences and depression among 489 young adult college women. Findings f...
Atmospheric Emulation and Testing Methodology for Laboratory Verification of FSO Communications Transceivers

Free-space optical (FSO) communications systems are under development by NASA to support a wide variety of missions (e.g., long-distance deep-space links and near-Earth low-Earth orbiting (LEO) links) that propagate through the turbulent atmospheric channel to reach a ground station. In many cases, the ground receiver couples light into single-mode fiber (SMF) for subsequent detection. A communications signal coupled from free-space into receiver optics, and ultimately to SMF, after propagation through the atmosphere experiences time- and space-varying intensity and phase changes. Despite the sensitivity introduced by the need to couple into a single spatial mode, this approach often offers superior system performance because it enables the use of widely-available high-performance SMF components. The impact of the atmospheric channel for any particular link depends on several parameters including aperture size relative to the atmospheric coherence length, weather, elevation angle, and direction through the atmosphere (i.e., uplink vs. downlink). Verifying FSO communications terminals often requires characterizing hardware performance in several representative channel conditions (e.g., calm, medium, and strong) to determine realistic performance bounds. This paper discusses atmospheric scenario modeling, reports the design of a high-speed wide-dynamic-range fade emulator designed for laboratory testing of optical communications transceivers, and illustrates its use through testing on a commercially available transceiver. Results quantify power penalties for the transceiver under test that increase with severity of the fade profile.
It Can Be Done: How One Charter School Combats the School-to-Prison Pipeline.

The school-to-prison pipeline is a theoretical construct that explains how disproportionate discipline and exclusionary punishment of Black and Brown students ultimately pushes youth out of mainstream schools and into the criminal justice system (Basford and Lewis in From education to incarceration: dismantling the school to prison pipeline, Peter Lang Publishing, New York, 2018; Heitzeg in Forum Public Pol Online, 2009; Lewis and Basford in Six lenses for anti-oppressive education (counterpoints: studies in the postmodern theory of education), Peter Lang Publishing, New York, 2014; Morris and Perry in Soc Probl 63(1):68–86, 2016). While the research has documented the existence of the school-to-prison pipeline and its impact on families, less has been done to study schools that have worked to successfully interrupt the pipeline. The authors respond to this void in the literature by using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (Motivation and personality, Harper, New York, 1987) and Noddings’ ethic of care (Caring: a feminine approach to ethics and moral education, University of California Press, Berkely, 2003) to interpret the successful efforts of one charter high school focused on dropout recovery, specifically targeting youth who have experienced or are at risk for the school-to-prison pipeline. Findings from this case study suggest that the school embodies what we call institutional plasticity through innovative programming, carefully selected and trained staff, a family-like atmosphere, wrap-around services, and flexible planning for intermittent attendance. Implications identify elements of institutional plasticity for consideration in other settings.
Two-Electron-Two-Proton Transfer from Colloidal ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles to Molecular Substrates.

Transfers of multiple electrons and protons are challenging yet central to many energy-conversion processes and other chemical and biochemical reactions. Semiconducting oxides can hold multiple red...
DLHub: Simplifying publication, discovery, and use of machine learning models in science

Abstract Machine Learning (ML) has become a critical tool enabling new methods of analysis and driving deeper understanding of phenomena across scientific disciplines. There is a growing need for “learning systems” to support various phases in the ML lifecycle. While others have focused on supporting model development, training, and inference, few have focused on the unique challenges inherent in science, such as the need to publish and share models and to serve them on a range of available computing resources. In this paper, we present the Data and Learning Hub for science (DLHub), a learning system designed to support these use cases. Specifically, DLHub enables publication of models, with descriptive metadata, persistent identifiers, and flexible access control. It packages arbitrary models into portable servable containers, and enables low-latency, distributed serving of these models on heterogeneous compute resources. We show that DLHub supports low-latency model inference comparable to other model serving systems including TensorFlow Serving, SageMaker, and Clipper, and improved performance, by up to 95%, with batching and memoization enabled. We also show that DLHub can scale to concurrently serve models on 500 containers. Finally, we describe five case studies that highlight the use of DLHub for scientific applications.
Introduction to Human Factors in Surgery

As surgeons in training, we became familiar with routine. The 10-minute scrub for our first case of the day, the ritual of draping, and the synchronized actions of surgeons, assistants, and scrub techs. The counting of sponges, needles, and instruments repeated twice. These rituals developed slowly over many years and were codified by all hospitals and slavishly examined by regulatory agencies. In the back of our minds, we knew they were introduced to lessen infections, improve the speed of operations, and avoid inadvertently leaving foreign objects inside operated patients. But, in truth, they were just part of our daily practice, like brushing our teeth. They were “hard wired” into our behaviors.
Supporting Self-Directed Learning: A National Needs Analysis

It is broadly agreed that physicians must be self-directed learners, and many studies measuring medical student readiness and capacity for self-directed learning (SDL) have been reported. However, less attention has been paid to faculty tasked with guiding students to develop SDL skills. In an effort to determine whether faculty feel equipped to foster SDL, a needs assessment was developed. The faculty needs assessment for fostering SDL (FNA-fSDL) was constructed and distributed nationally to medical educators. Faculty perceptions of the value of SDL, administration support, and faculty development were queried. Items also measured faculty recognition of cognitive, affective, and metacognitive strategies shown to cultivate SDL. Descriptive statistical analysis and frequency comparison tests to identify potential group differences related to work responsibility, classroom/clinical setting, and level of learner served were performed. Among the 359 respondents representing diverse areas of medical education, there was overwhelming agreement that physicians in training should be self-directed learners and that faculty require training in educational approaches promoting SDL. Faculty were more likely to recognize strategies supporting development of metacognitive skills and least likely to identify those related to cognitive aspects of learning. Fewer than half of faculty had received training in fostering SDL at their home institutions or at conferences. While there is strong support for the development of SDL among learners, these results suggest most faculty do not feel sufficiently trained to accomplish this goal. The FNA-fSDL can be used by institutions to assess their own faculty.
Tourism and the sustainable development goals: Stakeholders' perspectives from Nepal

Abstract The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to end poverty, protect the planet, and achieve prosperity for all by bringing together policymakers, academia, practitioners, and all other relevant tourism stakeholders and providing policy and strategic engagement guidelines. As tourism is the fastest-growing sector of the global economy, examining the connections between tourism and the SDGs is relevant to both developing and developed countries. This study explores the Nepalese tourism industry's role in addressing the SDGs from the perspective of various tourism stakeholders (academia, the government, the private tourism industry, and public–private organizations). To present a comprehensive picture, this study employed a case study approach. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with tourism industry stakeholders. The findings suggest that, to varying degrees, the SDGs are applicable as well as achievable for Nepal. However, several issues may impede the full implementation of these goals. The implications of these findings are discussed in the paper.
Millimeter-scale vertical partitioning of nitrogen cycling in hypersaline mats reveals prominence of genes encoding multi-heme and prismane proteins.

Microbial mats are modern analogues of the first ecosystems on the Earth. As extant representatives of microbial communities where free oxygen may have first been available on a changing planet, they offer an ecosystem within which to study the evolution of biogeochemical cycles requiring and inhibited by oxygen. Here, we report the distribution of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism across a vertical oxygen gradient at 1 mm resolution in a microbial mat using quantitative PCR (qPCR), retro-transcribed qPCR (RT-qPCR) and metagenome sequencing. Vertical patterns in the presence and expression of nitrogen cycling genes, corresponding to oxygen requiring and non-oxygen requiring nitrogen metabolism, could be seen across gradients of dissolved oxygen and ammonium. Metagenome analysis revealed that genes annotated as hydroxylamine dehydrogenase (proper enzyme designation EC 1.7.2.6, hao) and hydroxylamine reductase (hcp) were the most abundant nitrogen metabolism genes in the mat. The recovered hao genes encode hydroxylamine dehydrogenase EC 1.7.2.6 (HAO) proteins lacking the tyrosine residue present in aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that those proteins were more closely related to ɛHao protein present in Campylobacterota lineages (previously known as Epsilonproteobacteria) rather than oxidative HAO of AOB. BLAST analysis of some transcribed proteins indicated that they likely functioned as a nitrate reductase. The presence of hao sequences related with ɛHao protein, as well as numerous hcp genes encoding a prismane protein, suggest the presence of a nitrogen cycling pathway previously described in Nautilia profundicola as ancestral to the most commonly studied present day nitrogen cycling pathways.
The Scope of Social and Problem Gambling

This chapter deals with the scope of social and problem gambling. Today gambling represents an enormous recreational growth industry. For the majority of people gambling represents entertainment, excitement, and pleasant distraction from the vagaries of daily existence. Problem gambling can only be understood in the context of various gambling cultures. Awareness of the facts about gambling behavior can help clinicians in three ways: (1) distinguishing social or recreational gambling from problem gambling, (2) understanding the social climate of recreational gambling provides useful information about the environments that problem gamblers need to cope with, if they are to maintain recovery, (3) awareness of the political conflicts that gambling growth causes in the culture may assist clinicians in avoiding needless disputes, yet make informed judgments about any number of thorny questions. The chapter examines the nature and extent of problem gambling through population surveys. It describes clinical studies of gamblers in treatment to derive a common profile that therapists can recognize. It also examines issues related to risk management, particularly the troublesome concern over suicide and parasuicide. Lifetime problem gambling rates range from 1.5 to 3.7%. Current problem gambling rates are 0.7 to 2.0%. After looking at this, numbers speak about a condition that affects a considerable number of people directly. The chapter concludes that the national gambling impact study commission (NGISC) recommended that governments take a step back from the rapid proliferation of gambling in their jurisdictions and purposely slow it down. It suggested that governments put more work into assessing the full impact of gambling on citizens.
A High-efficiency traffic time series representations based on binary symbolic

In this paper it proposed a high-efficiency time series representations based on binary symbol which can be used into similar search. In recent years many high level representations have been introduced in data mining areas. But they have a common question if they are used to be in the traffic area. That is the speed that carries on data mining too slowly. The representations named BBA is unique in which it allows dimensionality reduction and it also grants a lower bound distance measure defined. The experiments have been performed on synthetic, as well as traffic data sequences to evaluate the proposed method.
An Examination of Clothing Issues and Physical Limitations in the Product Development Process

The purpose of this study was to explore physical limitations and clothing problems among working women with physical disabilities to determine whether types of physical limitations are linked to specific clothing problems. The sample included 117 working women with a variety of disabilities. Principle Components Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression were used to analyze the data. Three distinct factors emerged to represent clothing problems (called Design, Materials Performance, and Dressing) and four distinct factors emerged to represent physical limitations (called Limbs/Outer Extremities, Central Core/Torso, Central Nervous System, and Intellect, Vision and Hearing). Regression analysis showed that the physical limitations impact each of the three clothing factors. The study extends research by focusing on an underserved market segment and providing the apparel industry with a potential method of addressing the needs of that market. The study also contributes to interdisciplinary research by further developing an Inclusive Design model for apparel product development.