cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on Theoretic Line Loss On-Line Calculation and Analysis System for Distribution Networks

Based on the practical situation of Jiangsu electric power company, this paper designs and implements a centralized theoretic line loss online calculation and analysis system for distribution networks with automatic data collections. Taking the situation of Jiangsu electrical information systems and the results of theoretic line loss data analysis of distribution networks into consideration, the feasibility of system construction is shown. Further, this paper describes and analyzes system construction roadmap, integrated design, interface design and function design, etc. By comparing the result of the proposed system with that of the historical calculation, the effectiveness of the system is shown. The system can not only ease workload, but also is with the characteristics of effectiveness and high precision. Therefore, its developmental prospects is promising.
Golf Clubs for Beginners

(1955). Golf Clubs for Beginners. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 21-73.
Porphyria. Basic science aspects.

The porphyrias are a hetergeneous group of clinical disorders that share a common etiologic background in that each manifes ts a major metabolic defect in the synthesis of heme. The porphyrias represent an important category of human disease, perhaps as much for what they can teach us about how metabolic abnormalities are translated into clinical manifestations as they are as diseases per se. In this discussion an effort is made to describe, in some detail, the metabolic steps involved in the synthesis of heme and to correlate known abnormalities in this sequence of reactions that are associated with human porphyria.
Diversity of depoliticization

An ideologically homogeneous discipline of political psychology is a serious problem. But undoing the field's homogeneity may not suffice to address this problem. Instead, we should consider undoing the politicization.
Provisions To Endorse Ethical Principles

Before attempting to govern clinical decision making and treatment-plan implementation directly, protocols set an institutional stage for the elective use of life-sustaining treatments. This stage is a statement of how the elective provision of life-sustaining treatment relates to the facility’s identity and mission. Four types of endorsements are especially important to protocols addressing the elective use of life-sustaining treatment. The first is the statement that patient autonomy is the proper moral perspective for evaluating medical treatments. The second is the statement that extra vigilance should be maintained with regard to treatment proposals for vulnerable persons. The third is the statement as to how the institution’s mission relates to clinical practices concerning the elective use of life sustaining treatments. Finally are presumptions for addressing situations where the moral views of health care staff conflict with a patient’s treatment preferences. This chapter considers how health care facilities have made these statements and communicated this identity to staff, to patients, and to the community.
Legal Aspects of Biosecurity

Chapter 10 covers the administrative and legal aspects of biosecurity, which include international treaties, laws, statutes, regulations, and government directives aimed at reducing the threat due to the biological agents and enabling enforcers to deal with those that use them with ill intentions. These administrative measures have helped define programs and strengthen biodefense and biosecurity all over the globe. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the most relevant documents in hopes that the reader will appreciate the authority and framework given to officials by these measures. The chapter is not written for legal professionals. Rather, it is written for emergency management and public health professionals that may have to apply the rules of law in everyday situations. Care should be taken to consult a legal professional before utilizing any of the concepts related to public health law.
The Iranian and Soviet Sea (1931–1940)

Informed by the principles enshrined in the Friendship Treaty, the 1931 ECN Agreement marked also a milestone in the Russian-Persian relations in the Caspian Sea. Article 16 of the agreement provided expressly that “only vessels belonging to the U.S.S.R. and Persia shall be present anywhere in the entire Caspian Sea.” Each country’s nationals and commercial and transportation companies were free to navigate under their respective Soviet or Persian flag. Moreover, each country agreed to employ only its own nationals on board of its Caspian vessels.
Hepatitis C Viral Infection Is Not Associated with Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia.

While a familial predisposition may exist in up to 20% of patients with Waldenstrom's Macro- globulinemia (WM), the precipitating cause of this B-cell malignancy remains unknown in most patients. In previous studies, an association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and WM has been suggested as etiological. This relationship has been the subject of debate, however, with some studies demonstrating increased incidence of HCV infection among WM patients and other studies showing no such association exists. This discordance might be attributable to the analytical method used, HCV antibody detection, which might be ineffec- tive in patients with immunosuppression. We therefore analyzed the prevalence of HCV in a large population of WM patients utilizing both an HCV antibody detection immunoassay as well as qualitative polymerase chain reaction assay to directly detect HCV presence in serum samples. None of 100 randomly tested WM patients in this study tested positive for HCV by either analytical method. Our results therefore demonstrate a lack of association between HCV and WM. Am. J. Hematol. 82:83-84, 2007. V C 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Continuous time rate gyro calibration and motion capture system misalignment estimation using a nonlinear observer

The motivation for this paper is the development of an efficient, real-time method of aligning a motion capture frame and inertial measurement unit (IMU) on the same rigid body, with the additional benefit of gyro scale factor and bias estimation. This paper presents the adaptation and analysis of a continuous-time observer originally designed for spacecraft to a motion capture laboratory setting. While the orientation reference utilized in this paper is acquired from a motion capture system it is not limited to this and any absolute orientation reference can be used instead for calibration. The goal of this research is to present a convenient solution for reducing the burden of sensor alignment, calibration, impact of temperature on gyro bias, and providing a capability for online, continuously running corrections over time.
Classroom Management in Hollywood Schools

Picture this scenario: a young, white, male first-year music teacher dressed in a neat grey sports coat approaches a large, grey brick, two-story school building on what is his first day of his teaching career. Striding through the busy parking lot, he notes with disapproval students around him openly smoking marijuana on school grounds.
Temporal Associations between Caregiving Approach, Behavioral Symptoms and Observable Indicators of Aspiration in Nursing Home Residents with Dementia.

Dysphagia, or impaired swallowing, is common in nursing home (NH) residents with dementia and contributes to malnutrition and diminished quality of life. Dysphagia also commonly leads to aspiration or passage of food or fluids into the airway, which can result in aspiration pneumonia—a leading cause of death for people with dementia. Currently available interventions for dysphagia aim to modify the risk of aspiration events primarily by modifying diet and positioning to improve the safety of an individual’s swallow. However other potentially modifiable contextual factors relevant to mealtime care within NH settings that may influence the occurrence of aspiration events, such as the nature of caregiving interactions or occurrence of dementia-related behavioral symptoms, have not been examined. To address this gap, we examined the temporal associations between caregiving approach and behavioral symptoms as antecedents to observable indicators of aspiration among nursing home (NH) residents with dementia. Secondary analysis of coded, timedevent behavioral data from 33 video-recorded observations of mealtime interactions between NH residents with dementia and caregivers. Residents with dementia who required assistance with mealtime care (n=12) and nursing assistants (n=8) from Memory Care Units (MCU) in 2 Midwestern NHs. Observable indicators of aspiration were significantly more likely to occur during or following task-centered caregiver actions than person-centered actions (12% likelihood; Yule’s Q 0.89; OR 95% CI 12.70-23.75) and 15-30 seconds after a behavioral symptom (5% likelihood; Yule’s Q 0.65; OR 95% CI 4.18-8.57). These findings provide compelling preliminary evidence that caregiver approach may influence the occurrence of aspiration. Provided the urgent need for more approaches to mitigate the complications associated with dysphagia in people with dementia, even a moderate reduction in aspiration events may be clinically meaningful. Further, well-designed observational studies with individuals with well-characterized dysphagia are needed to better understand and characterize these relationships, their temporal structures and their impacts on other relevant outcomes such as eating performance and malnutrition.
Derivatives and Hedging

This note is a valuable read in any finance or accounting course that is covering the risks of derivative securities. In October 2011, MF Global Holdings LTD, a New York City brokerage company, filed for bankruptcy. Almost a billion dollars was missing from customer accounts that were supposed to be segregated from MF Global's trading accounts. Thousands of U.S. farmers collectively lost millions in their trading accounts at MF Global. This note explains the risks many businesses face including unknowable future material prices, interest rates, and currency exchange rates and how derivative securities are often used to hedge or protect against these risks. Excerpt UVA-C-2341 Jan. 29, 2013 Derivatives and Hedging On October 31, 2011, MF Global Holdings LTD, a New York City brokerage company, filed for bankruptcy—the eighth-largest U.S. filing at that time. Almost a billion dollars was missing from customer accounts that were supposed to be segregated from MF Global's trading accounts. Thousands of U.S. farmers collectively lost millions in their trading accounts at MF Global. Shortly after the bankruptcy filing, a National Public Radio reporter visited a farmer who had lost his money in an MF Global account and asked “Why are you speculating in cattle prices and why are you taking on that risk?” The farmer responded: Hedging is not speculation—it's how I avoid speculation. Farming without hedging is speculation; you invest in your crop or your cattle without knowing what you'll be able to sell it for. Hedging takes a good deal of the risk out of our business. Businesses face many risks including unknowable future material prices, interest rates, and currency exchange rates. Derivative securities are often used to hedge or protect against these risks. Some of the most common derivative securities are forwards, futures, swaps, and options. . . .
Abstract 2162: MEK signaling marks resistance to synthetic lethality induced by PI3K/Akt and BCL-XLinhibition in PTEN-mutant cancers

Background: Loss of PTEN represents one of the most common disruptions of tumor suppressor activity in the progression of human neoplasia. There are no established precision medicine approaches defined in PTEN-deficient neoplasms which include prostate, breast, glioblastoma (GBM) and uterine cancers. In PTEN-mutant prostate cancer cells, the PI3K/Akt pathway collaborates with BCL-XL specifically, to regulate the apoptotic threshold (Ren, MCR 2016). Whereas single agent PI3K/Akt inhibitors are ineffective in inducing cell death, combined inhibition of PI3K/Akt and BCL-XL in PTEN-mutant prostate cancer cells results in synergistic apoptosis suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy with translational potential in this important subset of disease. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that synthetic lethality following combinatorial PI3K/BCL-XL inhibition is conserved across the range of PTEN-mutant cancers. Methods: PTEN-mutant cell lines (ATCC), validated for PTEN-loss and p-Akt expression, were assessed in apoptosis (cleaved Parp) and cell-viability assays following combined PI3K (Buparlisib, SelleckChem) and BCL-XL (A-1331852, AbbVie) inhibition (1µM each, 24h). Since MEK signaling has been associated with resistance to PI3K pathway inhibition, p-Erk was profiled as a candidate marker of resistance. The contribution of MEK signaling to the apoptotic threshold in p-Erk expressing PTEN-mutant cells was tested with pharmacological MEK inhibition (Trametinib, SelleckChem; 1,3,5 µM 48h) in combination. Results: Conclusions: Synthetic lethality in PTEN-mutant tumor cells with PI3K/BCL-XL inhibition was confined to tumor cells without active MEK signaling. MEK inhibition inconsistently overcomes resistance to therapy suggesting heterogeneity of survival pathways in p-erk expressing PTEN-deficient tumors. These data have implications for precision medicine approaches in PTEN-deficient tumors as absence of p-Erk expression may predict for a responsive phenotype. Citation Format: Raghav Joshi, Wenying Ren, Paul Mathew. MEK signaling marks resistance to synthetic lethality induced by PI3K/Akt and BCL-XL inhibition in PTEN-mutant cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2162. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2162
Molecular Neurobiology of the Social Brain

There is growing evidence that social cognitive processes, such as the processing of social cues, social recognition, and social bonding, are regulated by distinct neural mechanisms in the brain. In particular, the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin are emerging as key modulators of social cognition and behavior. This chapter focuses on comparative studies using monogamous and non-monogamous species of voles, as well as genetically engineered mice, that have contributed to our understanding of the roles of these peptides and the genes encoding their receptors in the regulation of social behavior. These studies suggest that variation in the regulation of neuropeptide receptor genes contributes to variation in social function and behavior, an observation that has implications for psychiatric disorders characterized by deficits in the social domain, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia.
Recruitment and Retention of High-Risk Families into a Preventive Parent Training Intervention

This article describes the process of developing, implementing, and evaluating recruitment and retention strategies for an eight session preventive parenting program designed for high-risk minority parents from low-income inner-city communities. The program was offered in both Spanish and English to a sample of 142 one- and two-parent families (78% Mexican immigrant or Mexican American, 15% African American, and 9% Anglo, Native American, and other). Recruitment and retention strategies resulted in a 70% participation rate with 48% of the families attending 5-8 sessions and 22% attending 1-4 sessions. Attendance rates were higher for married and cohabiting mothers than for single mothers and for Spanish speaking mothers compared to English-speaking Latino mothers. New categories are presented to improve future reporting of recruitment and retention data.
Lysines in the RNA Polymerase II C-Terminal Domain Contribute to TAF15 Fibril Recruitment

Many cancer-causing chromosomal translocations result in transactivating protein products encoding FET family (FUS, EWSR1, TAF15) low-complexity (LC) domains fused to a DNA binding domain from one of several transcription factors. Recent work demonstrates that higher-order assemblies of FET LC domains bind the carboxy-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II CTD), suggesting FET oncoproteins may mediate aberrant transcriptional activation by recruiting RNA polymerase II to promoters of target genes. Here we use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and hydrogel fluorescence microscopy localization and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to visualize atomic details of a model of this process, interactions of RNA pol II CTD with high-molecular weight TAF15 LC assemblies. We report NMR resonance assignments of the intact degenerate repeat half of human RNA pol II CTD alone and verify its predominant intrinsic disorder by molecular simulation. By measuring NMR spin ...
Institutional Climate and Faculty Governance in Higher Education: A Shift from Capitalist to Shared Governance Models

Campus and institutional climate is a key measure of success for academic institutions. Higher education leaders serve in their positions, on average, less than 6 years, with a steady decline in this tenure over the past 20 years. This study aims to focus on the relationships and institutional climate between university faculty and university administrators as they apply to faculty governance. This study uses a qualitative case study method, in which 6 faculty members within the College of Engineering at a Northwestern United States university (referred to by the pseudonym State University) are interviewed to gain perspectives on their perceptions of these relationships. The guiding question for this case study is: What are the things that build trust between faculty and administrators that create a healthy collegial academic environment? The goal of this study is to gain a better understanding of specific themes that are shown to promote a healthy and positive institutional climate at the faculty and administrative levels which contribute to a healthy shared faculty governance structure as an alternative to the current capitalist governance model. An exploration of faculty governance is a key theme to this research.
The health readiness of junior enlisted military women : The social determinants of health model and research questions

Currently, women comprise 17% of the 1.4 million U.S. active military and 20% of the 1.2 million reserve force. Well over three-quarters of these women are enlisted (82%). Enlisted women are young, between the ages of 17 and 29, and one-half are ethnic minorities. Enlisted women are a growing minority within the predominantly male hierarchical military organization. The most junior of these women, in addition to being vastly outnumbered by men, fall along with junior enlisted men at the bottom of the military organizational structure. This unique position may have health consequences. The purpose of this article is to propose research questions within the context of the Marmot and Wilkinson's social determinants of health model. Proposed research questions are provided to address the current gaps in the science related to the contextual health readiness issues of junior enlisted military women.
Hybrid Silicon-Nitride / Polymer Waveguide for Nonlinear-Optics Applications

We describe a hybrid silicon-nitride / polymer slot waveguide for generation of second harmonic of a 1550 nm beam. Modal phase-matching and optimized geometry yield order-of-magnitude improvement over a channel waveguide.
The Prison as Metaphor: Recasting the "Dilemma" of International Relations

Metaphors are useful for theory creation. They minimize circular reasoning because the analytical deductions derived from them are based on empirical observations distinct from the phenomenon to be explained. Much of IR theory is based on metaphors. From political realism's appeal to the Hobbesian metaphor of anarchy to liberalism's appeal to the metaphor of the market, the way that scholars conceptualize international affairs is rooted in metaphorical allusions to related realms of human interaction. As useful as metaphors are for thinking about international politics, scholars have a tendency to reify these metaphors. This takes place to such an extent that interstate relations cease to be thought of as if they are, for instance, anarchic jungles or economic markets, and the metaphor itself is taken to be the actual reality of international relations. In this article I will examine one particularly popular metaphor for international relations, the metaphorical image of the prison. The prevailing prison metaphor for international politics is embodied in the game-theoretic "Prisoner's Dilemma" model. I will argue that this model presents a caricatured image of inmate life. In its place, I will suggest an alternative metaphor of the prison based on a range of more plausible contemporary accounts of how prison inmates lead their lives.1 My intention is to consider an alternative conceptualization of international politics based on images generated from a particularly striking metaphor.
Marketing, Minorities, and Consumption: Traditional and Neo-Marxist Perspectives:

This paper presents a partial framework for consumption resource distribution among American ethnic groups based upon propositions relevant to current marketing practices. An aggregative analytical...
Modeling the Potential Dispersal of Asian Longhorned Beetle Using Circuit Theory

The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB, Anoplophora glabripennis) is an invasive pest species currently infesting major port cities in North America and Europe. There is limited knowledge regarding the p...
Resilient Distributed Parameter Estimation With Heterogeneous Data

This paper studies resilient distributed estimation under measurement attacks. A set of agents each makes successive local, linear, noisy measurements of an unknown vector field collected in a vector parameter. The local measurement models are heterogeneous across agents and may be locally unobservable for the unknown parameter. An adversary compromises some of the measurement streams and changes their values arbitrarily. The agents’ goal is to cooperate over a peer-to-peer communication network to process their (possibly compromised) local measurements and estimate the value of the unknown vector parameter. We present SAGE , the Saturating Adaptive Gain Estimator, a distributed, recursive, consensus + innovations estimator that is resilient to measurement attacks. We demonstrate that, as long as the number of compromised measurement streams is below a particular bound, then, SAGE guarantees that all of the agents’ local estimates converge almost surely to the value of the parameter. The resilience of the estimator – i.e., the number of compromised measurement streams it can tolerate – does not depend on the topology of the inter-agent communication network. Finally, we illustrate the performance of SAGE through numerical examples.
Sachbegriffe und Ziele der Elektrizitätswirtschaft

Unter „Elektrizitatswirtschaft“ ist die planmasige Bewirtschaftung der Stromerzeugung und des Verbrauches eines Versorgungsgebietes an elektrischer Arbeit zu verstehen mit dem Ziel: a) einer moglichst sparsamen Erzeugung der elektrischen Arbeit mit einem Mindestaufwand an Kapitalkosten, Betriebsstoffen, Menschenarbeit und Verlusten aller Art mit geeigneten Warme- und Wasserkraft-anlagen und b) einer moglichst sparsamen und verlustlosen Verteilung der elektrischen Arbeit bis zum letzten Verbraucher nach denselben Gesichtspunkten wie unter a.
Center-Fed Circularly Polarized Omnidirectional Open-Helical Element Optimization

A Circularly Polarized Omnidirectional Open-Helical Antenna element was designed and optimized. This element consists of 2 dipoles wrapped in a helical shape to force circular polarization. The element was first modeled in ANSYS HFSS and optimized by running parametric simulations to determine the proper angle, trace width, and scaling factor. The element was then etched onto a flex circuit and a circular PCB was used to feed it from the center of the helix. This element had a center frequency of 907 MHz, a bandwidth of 55 MHz, a minimum cross polarization rejection of 11.93 dB, and a total gain of 1.45 dBi. Right and left-hand circular elements can be combined to transmit and receive a signal having any possible polarization on the Poincare Sphere.
Prospects for continuous-wave molecular modulation in Raman-active microresonators.

We propose the extension of existing molecular modulation techniques for continuous-wave optical modulation to Raman-active microresonators. Intense pump and Stokes modes inside a microresonator prepare a high coherence of the Raman transition between two ro-vibrational states. With the coherence prepared, any laser in the optical region can be coupled to the microresonator and be modulated. We perform numerical simulations which predict that these “microresonator-based molecular modulators” could have modulation efficiencies on the order of 1% at 10 THz-scale frequencies for any optical wavelength.
Development and Validation of a Web-based Prediction Model for Acute Kidney Injury after surgery

Background and objectives: Acute kidney injury after surgery is associated with high mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a risk prediction tool for the occurrence of postoperative acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy. Design, setting, participants, measurements: This retrospective cohort study had 2,299,502 surgical patients over 2015-2017 from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database (ACS-NSQIP). Eleven predictors were selected for the predictive model: age, history of congestive heart failure, diabetes, ascites, emergency surgery, preoperative serum creatinine, hematocrit, sodium, preoperative sepsis, preoperative acute renal failure and surgery type. The predictive model was trained using 2015-2016 data (n=1,487,724) and further tested using 2017 data (n=811,778). A risk model was developed using multivariate logistic regression and machine learning methods. Main outcomes The primary outcome was postoperative 30-day acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy(AKI-D) Results: The unadjusted 30-day postoperative mortality rate associated with AKI-D was 37.5%. The renal risk prediction model had high AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, training cohort: 0.89, test cohort: 0.90) for postoperative AKI-D. Conclusions: This model provides a clinically useful bedside predictive tool for postoperative acute kidney injury requiring dialysis.
A chocolate effusion - An unusual cause of elevated adenosine deaminase in the pleural fluid.

Abstract Background Thoracic Endometriosis Syndrome (TES) is a rare diagnosis characterized by ectopic endometrial tissue in the chest. Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) is thought to be highly specific for tuberculous pleural effusions, particularly when >40 IU/L (international units/liter). Results A 36-year-old woman from Cameroon (immigrated 10 years ago) with no past medical history presented to the emergency department with increasing abdominal swelling over months found to have on imaging ascites, a left adnexal lesion, a large right-sided pleural effusion and peritoneal studding. Sampling of the pleural fluid revealed dark brown fluid which on analysis was a non-specific exudate with an adenosine deaminase >100. Exploratory laparotomy by gynecology-oncology revealed a large amount of hemorrhagic ascites, multiple endometriotic implants, and a right ovarian endometrioma. Ultimately the patient was taken for video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) and decortication. The VATS revealed a diaphragmatic tear was seen suggesting the etiology of the pleural fluid was trans-diaphragmatic passage of blood through the defect. There was no evidence of malignancy or granulomas. Stains and subsequent cultures were negative on all specimens for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Discussion Our case demonstrates a rarity of an ADA >100 IU/L due to TES rather than tuberculosis. In conclusion, ADA analysis, as with any lab test, should be interpreted within clinical context as false positives may occur. Several weeks following presentation the patient was discharged without any intrapleural catheter and near complete expansion of the lung. She was started on leuprolide and medroxyprogesterone and has no recurrent effusion or ascites in over two years since initial presentation.
Weight and final vowels in the English stress system

This paper presents both dictionary evidence and experimental evidence that the quality of a word's final vowel plays a role in assigning main stress in English. Specifically, a final [i] pushes main stress leftwards – three-syllable words ending with [i] have a strong tendency to take antepenultimate stress. This pattern is compared with the Latin Stress Rule for English, according to which words with heavy penultimate syllables should have penultimate stress. Both pressures are shown to be productive in experiments. Two analyses of the final-[i] generalisation are tested, one using the ‘cloned’ constraint Non-finFt[i], and one using the ‘parochial’ constraint Antepenult[i], which directly penalises [i]-final words which do not have antepenultimate stress. Although it is has less typological support, Antepenult[i] is argued for on the grounds that it correctly predicts participants' behaviour on words with both a heavy penult and a final [i], which are extremely rare in the lexicon.
Disproportionate School Punishment and Significant Life Outcomes: A Prospective Analysis of Black Youths:

This study tested relationships between racial inequalities in the school system—specifically, the disproportionate punishment of Black students—and life outcomes for Black youths, along with moder...
The nucleotide sequence of Beneckea harveyi 5S rRNA

The primary sequence of the 5S ribosomal RNA isolated from the free-living bioluminescent marine bacterium Beneckea harveyi is reported and discussed in regard to indications of phylogenetic relationships with the bacteria Escherichia coli and Photobacterium phosphoreum. Sequences were determined for oligonucleotide products generated by digestion with ribonuclease T1, pancreatic ribonuclease and ribonuclease T2. The presence of heterogeneity is indicated for two sites. The B. harveyi sequence can be arranged into the same four helix secondary structures as E. coli and other prokaryotic 5S rRNAs. Examination of the 5S-RNS sequences of the three bacteria indicates that B. harveyi and P. phosphoreum are specifically related and share a common ancestor which diverged from an ancestor of E. coli at a somewhat earlier time, consistent with previous studies.
Injury-induced Erk1/2 signaling enhances Ca2+ activity and is necessary for regeneration of spinal cord and skeletal muscle

ABSTRACT The transition of stem cells from quiescence to proliferation enables tissues to self-repair. The signaling mechanisms driving these stem-cell-status decisions are still unclear. Ca2+ and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2) are two signaling pathways that have the potential to coordinate multiple signals to promote a specific cellular response. They both play important roles during development but their roles during regeneration are not fully deciphered. Here we show in Xenopus laevis larvae that both Ca2+ and Erk1/2 signaling pathways are activated after tail amputation. In response to injury, we find that Erk1/2 signaling is activated in neural and muscle stem cells and is necessary for spinal cord and skeletal muscle regeneration. Finally, we show in vivo that Erk1/2 action is necessary for an injury-induced increase in intracellular store-dependent Ca2+ dynamics in skeletal muscle-associated tissues but that in spinal cord, injury increases Ca2+ influx-dependent Ca2+ activity independent of Erk1/2 signaling. This study suggests that precise temporal and tissue-specific activation of Ca2+ and Erk1/2 pathways is essential for regulating tissue regeneration.
Preferences for COVID-19 vaccination information and location: Associations with vaccine hesitancy, race and ethnicity

This study examined the association between preferences for being informed about the COVID-19 vaccine and where to receive it with vaccination intent and race/ethnicity. We conducted an online survey, oversampling Black and Latino panel members. The 1668 participants were 53.2% female, 34.8% White, 33.3% Black, and 31.8% Latino. Participants who were vaccine hesitant (answered "not sure" or "no" to vaccination intent) were more likely to prefer a conversation with their doctor compared to those who answered "yes" (25.0% and 23.4% vs 7.8%, P < .001, respectively). Among participants who responded "not sure", 61.8% prefer to be vaccinated at a doctor's office, compared with 35.2% of those who responded "yes" (P < .001). Preferred location differed by race/ethnicity (P < .001) with 67.6% of Black "not sure" participants preferring a doctor's office compared to 60.2% of Latino and 54.9% of White "not sure" participants. These findings underscore the need to integrate healthcare providers into COVID-19 vaccination programs.
Hierarchical Decision Theoretic Planning for Navigation Among Movable Obstacles

In this paper we present the first decision theoretic planner for the problem of Navigation Among Movable Obstacles (NAMO). While efficient planners for NAMO exist, they are challenging to implement in practice due to the inherent uncertainty in both perception and control of real robots. Generalizing existing NAMO planners to nondeterministic domains is particularly difficult due to the sensitivity of MDP methods to task dimensionality. Our work addresses this challenge by combining ideas from Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with Monte Carlo Tree Search, and results in an algorithm that can be used for fast online planning in uncertain environments. We evaluate our algorithm in simulation, and provide a theoretical argument for our results which suggest linear time complexity in the number of obstacles for typical environments.
Rufinamide: pharmacology, clinical trials, and role in clinical practice

Rufinamide is a structurally novel compound with anticonvulsant activity that is undergoing evaluation through the European Medicines Agency and the American Food and Drug Administration. Its mechanism of action is thought to be inhibition of sodium-dependent action potentials in neurons, with possible membrane-stabilising effects. Absorption of the drug is significantly enhanced in the fed state. The drug is extensively metabolised by non-CYP450 systems with a half-life of 8-12 h. Most common adverse effects noted are somnolence, fatigue and tremor. Efficacy against partial seizures in adults and adolescents has been demonstrated in three randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Efficacy against seizures of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, a severe, disabling childhood onset epilepsy syndrome, was shown in a single randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Efficacy against partial onset seizures in children has been suggested in an open-label trial. Should rufinamide become commercially available, reserving the drug as a second- or third-line agent should be considered.
RubisCO-based CO2 fixation and C1 metabolism in the actinobacterium Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190

Pseudonocardia is an actinobacterial genus of interest due to its potential biotechnological, medical and environmental remediation applications, as well as for the ecologically relevant symbiotic relationships it forms with attine ants. Some Pseudonocardia spp. can grow autotrophically, but the genetic basis of this capability has not previously been reported. In this study, we examined autotrophy in Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190, which can grow using H2 and CO2, as well as heterotrophically. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of CB1190 cells grown with H2/bicarbonate implicated the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle in growth-supporting CO2 fixation, as well as a [NiFe] hydrogenase-encoding gene cluster in H2 oxidation. The CBB cycle genes are evolutionarily most related to actinobacterial homologues, although synteny has not been maintained. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity was confirmed in H2/bicarbonate-grown CB1190 cells and was detected in cells grown with the C1 compounds formate, methanol and carbon monoxide. We also demonstrated the upregulation of CBB cycle genes upon exposure of CB1190 to these C1 substrates, and identified genes putatively involved in generating CO2 from the C1 substrates by using RT-qPCR. Finally, the potential for autotrophic growth of other Pseudonocardia spp. was explored, and the ecological implications of autotrophy in attine ant- and plant root-associated Pseudonocardia discussed.
The enclosure of the marine commons

‘Legal authorities differ on the use of the term ‘commons’ and ‘common properly’. Some assert that the oceans never were ‘res communis’ but rather were ‘res nullius’ nobody’s property. Since the literature of the economics of fisheries uses the term ‘common property’ to refer to fish stocks (assets) in the ocean, that usage is followed here. A second issue is the legal status of the Extended Economic Zone (EEZ). The Law of the Sea Convention rejected ihe idea of revenue sharing in the EEZs and therefore gave (with some ambiguous constraints) de facto control of the resources to the coastal state. Freedom of transit (innocent passage) through the EEZ is retained, therefore the actual legal status of the EEZ involves a mix of coastal state and other national rights, see G. Pontecorvo, editor, The New Order of the Oceans: The Advent continued on page 362 Adjustment and redistribution in world fisheries
Compact Modeling of Total Ionizing Dose and Aging Effects in MOS Technologies

This paper presents a physics-based compact modeling approach that incorporates the impact of total ionizing dose (TID) and stress-induced defects into simulations of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices and integrated circuits (ICs). This approach utilizes calculations of surface potential ( ${\psi _s}$ ) to capture the charge contribution from oxide trapped charge and interface traps and to describe their impact on MOS electrostatics and device operating characteristics as a function of ionizing radiation exposure and aging effects. The modeling approach is demonstrated for bulk and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOS device. The formulation is verified using TCAD simulations and through the comparison of model calculations and experimental $I - V$ characteristics from irradiated devices. The modeling approach is suitable for simulating TID and aging effects in advanced MOS devices and ICs, and is compatible with modern MOSFET compact modeling techniques. A circuit-level demonstration is given for TID and aging effects in SRAM cells.
Membrane properties underlying the firing of neurons in the avian cochlear nucleus

Neurons of the avian nucleus magnocellularis (NM) relay auditory information from the VIIIth nerve to other parts of the auditory system. To examine the cellular properties that permit NM neurons to transmit reliably the temporal characteristics of the acoustic stimulus, we performed whole-cell recordings in neurons of the chick NM using an in vitro thin slice preparation. NM neurons exhibited strong outward rectification near resting potential; the voltage responses to depolarizing current steps were substantially smaller than to equivalent hyperpolarizing steps. Suprathreshold current steps evoked only a single action potential at the start of the step. In contrast, stimulation with trains of brief current pulses evoked repetitive firing that was phase-locked to the stimulus cycle. The number of action potentials evoked by the pulses during the train decreased with increasing stimulus rate. Voltage-clamp experiments revealed a rapidly activating, slowly inactivating, outward current with a threshold near - 65 mV. During depolarizing voltage steps, the outward current rose sigmoidally to a peak and then decayed slowly, reaching steady state within 5 sec. Application of 200 microM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) reduced the peak of the outward current by 84%, leaving a small, persistent component. Under current clamp, application of 200 microM 4-AP reduced the outward rectification and increased the amplitude and duration of the action potentials. Moreover, NM neurons could no longer sustain firing during high rates of stimulation with the current pulses: increased temporal summation of the potentials caused sufficient depolarization to inactivate the sodium conductance underlying the action potential. These results suggest that the outward current is necessary for NM neurons to transmit well-timed events reliably for the duration of an acoustic stimulus.
A nanometre-scale mechanical electrometer

The mechanical detection of charge has a long history, dating back more than 200 years to Coulomb's torsion-balance electrometer. The modern analogues of such instruments are semiconductor-based field-effect devices, the most sensitive of which are cryogenically cooled single-electron transistors. But although these latter devices have extremely high charge sensitivity, they suffer from limited bandwidth and must be operated at millikelvin temperatures in order to reduce thermal noise. Here we report the fabrication and characterization of a working nanometre-scale mechanical electrometer. We achieve a charge sensitivity of 0.1 e Hz^(-0.5), competitive with conventional semiconductor field-effect transistors; moreover, thermal noise analysis indicates that the nanometre-scale electrometer should ultimately reach sensitivities of the order of 10^(-6) e Hz^(-0.5), comparable with charge-detection capabilities of cryogenic single-electron transistors. The nanometre-scale electrometer has the additional advantages of high temperature (≥4.2 K) operation and response over a larger bandwidth, from which a diversity of applications may result.
Some Aspects of Chaotic Behavior in the Solar System

The material presented in this lecture has to a large extent been published elsewhere. In particular, reviews of my work on chaotic behavior in the solar system are published in Wisdom (1987) Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A413, 109 and in somewhat greater detail in Wisdom (1987) Icarus 72, in press. Only an abstract of the topics will be given here, with references to the original literature. References to associated literature may be found in the cited references.
Measuring Qualitative Information in Capital Markets Research: Comparison of Alternative Methodologies to Measure Disclosure Tone

ABSTRACT: This study evaluates alternative measures of the tone of financial narrative. We present evidence that word-frequency tone measures based on domain-specific wordlists—compared to general wordlists—better predict the market reaction to earnings announcements, have greater statistical power in short-window event studies, and exhibit more economically consistent post-announcement drift. Further, inverse document frequency weighting, advocated in Loughran and McDonald (2011), provides little improvement to the alternative approach of equal weighting. We also provide evidence that word-frequency tone measures are as powerful as the Naive Bayesian machine-learning tone measure from Li (2010) in a regression of future earnings on MD&A tone. Overall, although more complex techniques are potentially advantageous in certain contexts, equal-weighted, domain-specific, word-frequency tone measures are generally just as powerful in the context of financial disclosure and capital markets. Such measures are als...
ORTHOPSYCHIATRIC PROGRAMS FOR SOCIALLY DEPRIVED GROUPS.

In a money-oriented society, financial deprivation tends to be part and parcel of social deprivation. This paper explores some of the implications for parents and children of life on the Aid to Dependent Children program, and develops the thesis that ADC offers a significant but little-used vantage point from which mental health professions can grasp what social deprivation really means in the lives of people.
Biophysical Studies on Rhinovirus and Poliovirus I. Morphology of Viral Ribonucleoprotein

An explanation has been sought for the high buoyant density of rhinoviruses, which are classified as acid-sensitive picornaviruses. Heat degradation of purified preparations of rhinovirus type 1B and poliovirus type LSc leads to the extrusion of ribonucleoprotein strands. Contour lengths of these strands were measured by electron microscopy, and the molecular weights of rhinovirus and poliovirus ribonucleic acid (RNA) were determined. Values of 2 × 10 6 and 4 × 10 6 daltons were obtained for the molecular weight of poliovirus and rhinovirus RNA, respectively. This additional nucleic acid in the rhinovirion probably accounts for the increased density and may be related to the acid sensitivity of the rhinovirus. Images
Fifty Years After Angicos. Paulo Freire, Popular Education and the Struggle for a Better World that is Possible

The main thesis of this paper is that Freire’s original experience in Angicos anticipated a grand design for social transformation of educational systems.As such it brought together two key concepts that formulated the basis of his educational system: popular culture as an counter-hegemonic project and popular education, more particularly what was later called citizen schools or public popular education as keystone of his new educational system.I use the term Paulo Freire System to show that his original attempts were not only to challenge pedagogical the prevailing banking education system that was so pervasive in Brazil and Latin American at the time. In challenging the hegemony of banking education, its narrative, theoretical foundations, epistemology and methodology, Freire and his team sought to create a new system that could replace the old one. They saw banking education not only as obsolete in terms of modernization of systems but also oppressive in gnoseological, epistemological and political terms. In the conclusion of this paper I will discuss the twins obsessions of Freire, already present in the Angicos experience and that will stay with him throughout his life: the relationship between democracy,citizenship and education, and education as a postcolonial ethical act of social transformation. I would like to emphasize therefore that the Paulo Freire system, as conceived in the Angicos experience and its after math was a much larger and comprehensive system that originally considered, even by his critics. Key-words : Angicos; social transformation; banking education; oppression; postcolonial education.
Effects of temperature on phosphate sorption isotherms and phosphate desorption

Abstract Phosphorus sorption isotherms were constructed for two Idaho soils with widely different chemical properties. The soils were equilibrated with various amounts of Ca(H2PO4)2 in 0.01 M CaCl2 for 1, 3, 7, and 11 days at temperatures of 5°C and 20°C. The two soils which had been equilibrated previously for 11 days at 20°C with various amounts of Ca(H2PO4)2 in 0.01 M CaCl2 were desorbed at 5°C and 20°C. The rates of sorption and desorption were decreased as the equilibration temperatures were lowered. The effect of temperature on these processes was detected during the first day of equilibration. Less P was found in the equilibrating solution at the lower temperature. The two soils varied widely in sorption and desorption properties.