cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Osteoporosis and asthma

Objective To summarize the etiology, evaluation, prevention, and management of osteoporosis in a patient with asthma and worsening osteoporosis, a problem that is frequently encountered in an allergy-immunology practice, and the incidence, risk factors, screening guidelines, and recommended prevention and treatment options for this disease. Data Sources MEDLINE was searched for relevant English-language review articles published between January 1993 and March 2006 using the keyword osteoporosis in combination with asthma or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Additional sources and studies cited include relevant references from the official guidelines of the national medical associations, including the National Osteoporosis Foundation, the American College of Rheumatology, the World Health Organization, and the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Study Selection The authors selected the most relevant and recent sources for inclusion in this review. Results As the population ages, osteoporosis continues to increase in prevalence and severity. Screening rates of patients at risk of osteoporosis are suboptimal. A variety of effective treatment options are available for osteoporosis prevention and therapy. Conclusion Patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are at risk of osteoporosis, especially those patients who are treated with high doses of corticosteroids. Specialist physicians should be knowledgeable about the screening guidelines, counseling, and therapeutic options for the prevention and management of osteoporosis.
THE RELATION OF DEFECTS IN ENAMEL COATINGS TO HYDROGEN IN STEEL

The effects of hydrogen as functions of time, temperature, and impurities in steel are described and experimentally demonstrated. Experimental evidence is presented to show that the blistering and boiling action over carbide areas in steel are due principally to hydrogen that associates with the carbon. Steel enameling stock contains quantities of hydrogen which may effuse during firing to cause or aggravate such phenomena as “boiling,”“primary boiling,”“rebelling,”“blistering,” and “bubbling.” Low-temperature effusion of hydrogen contributes to other defects, including “fishscaling,”“delayed fishscaling,” and possibly “pop-offs,”“jumping,”“shiners,” and some cases of “chipping” and, perhaps, “bursting” of enamel on cooking utensils. These defects have seldom been identified with hydrogen evolution. An indirect effect of hydrogen on “copperheads” and “black specks” is also identified. An exhaustive review of both English and German literature on enameling defects is included. Many observations recorded in the literature are shown to agree with the hydrogen theory. Certain types of inclusions in steel are shown to react with occluded hydrogen to form compounds that will not dissociate appreciably at some enamel-firing temperatures, and critical quantities of the hydrogen are therefore prevented from reaching the enamel coating during firing to cause blistering and related defects.
"Earnings manipulation and expected returns": Author response

This material comments on “‘Earnings Manipulation and Expected Returns’: A Comment” (September/October 2013).
Raman and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Titanium Carboxylates

Porous stable metal-organic films can be processed under mild conditions by the hydrolysis of carboxylic acid and titanium isopropoxide mixtures. It is of importance to establish the structure of such materials. Raman spectroscopy is a useful technique in determining structural changes in titanium isopropoxide carboxylate solutions, but weak scattering does not allow for study of thin films unless surface enhancement is used. In an attempt to elucidate the relationship between coating solutions and the final structure of a cast film, we discuss Raman spectra of precursor solutions in a variety of conditions.
Coarse frame and carrier synchronization of OFDM systems: a new metric and comparison

We propose a fast and reduced complexity frame and carrier acquisition scheme for orthogonal frequency-division multiplex systems which assumes either a continuous or a burst mode operation in additive white Gaussian noise and frequency-selective channels. By exploiting the repetitive structure of a training symbol, a robust frame synchronizer is obtained and shown to resume to finding the peak of a certain correlation metric that is obtained by invoking maximum likelihood principles. A modified carrier estimator that can correct frequency offsets up to two subcarrier spacings is also proposed. The efficiency of the proposed synchronization algorithms is illustrated by both theoretical performance analysis and computer simulations.
Globetoddler: designing for remote interaction between preschoolers and their traveling parents

In recent decades, families in the Western world have become more geographically distributed, making it more difficult for family members to achieve and maintain a feeling of connectedness. Different time zones and contexts and a limited awareness of the other family members' availability and mood are some of many factors that make "being together" more challenging when physically apart. Besides, when it comes to preschool children, existing communication technologies, such as phones and computers, may not even be an option. As a result, many families simply accept the fact that being apart leads to fragmented, or even non-existent, interaction. In this paper we describe initial work on a tangible system, Globetoddler, which aims to make remote interaction between preschool children and their traveling parents easy and enjoyable. The paper describes the process of defining design principles for this system, as well as the content and implications of these principles.
The new technical paradigm: the enhanced role of chief information officers

Summary form only given. In today's business environment organizations, particularly those operating internationally, must deal with a wide range of situations that require new information, and new or extended technologies for providing that information. Factors, such as local, regional, national and global requirements, international law, and technology transfer significantly impact current development and deployment of information systems. The chief information officer (CIO), a relatively new corporate position at the higher levels of the management hierarchy, is a key, if not the key, individual in the development and administration of the methodology for meeting those requirements. In a survey a selected group of CIOs was surveyed regarding their experiences with global information systems. For purposes of the survey, the systems were referred to as global common systems and were defined as those that were implemented by an organization in multiple countries or in multiple domestic locations supporting international users, that enhance global business strategy, and that feature commonality across at least on of the following: core functions, technical platform, user interface, and database design. The survey was designed to examine company practices in deploying and supporting global common systems; to ascertain how common and widespread these system implementations have become; and what methods, practices and issues were encountered during their development. Both North American and European companies were surveyed.
A fast algorithm for critical path tracing in VLSI digital circuits

An exact, linear-time critical path tracing algorithm is presented. The performance of critical path tracing is determined primarily by the efficiency of stem analysis. The proposed strategy can determine stem criticality in one pass based on six rules. Experiments on ISCAS85 and ISCAS89 benchmark circuits show that the computation time is nearly linear in the number of nets.
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety in Patients with Terminal Cancer

Introduction. Patients with terminal cancer often experience markedanxietythatisassociatedwithpoorqualityoflife.Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidencebased treatment for anxiety disorders, the approach needs to beadaptedtoaddressrealisticconcernsrelatedtohavingcancer, such as worries about disease progression, disability, and death. In this pilot randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials. govidentifierNCT00706290),weexaminedthefeasibilityand potential efficacy of brief CBT to reduce anxiety in patients with terminal cancer. Methods. We adapted CBT by developing treatment modules targeting skills for relaxation, coping with cancer worries, and activity pacing. Adults with incurable malignancies and elevated anxiety based on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were randomly assigned to individual CBT or a waitlist control group. Primary outcomes included the number of completed CBT visits and the change in HAM-A scores from baseline to 8-week follow-up per a treatment-blind evaluator. The feasibility criterion was 75% adherence to the intervention.
Backpropagation for energy-efficient neuromorphic computing

Solving real world problems with embedded neural networks requires both training algorithms that achieve high performance and compatible hardware that runs in real time while remaining energy efficient. For the former, deep learning using backpropagation has recently achieved a string of successes across many domains and datasets. For the latter, neuromorphic chips that run spiking neural networks have recently achieved unprecedented energy efficiency. To bring these two advances together, we must first resolve the incompatibility between backpropagation, which uses continuous-output neurons and synaptic weights, and neuromorphic designs, which employ spiking neurons and discrete synapses. Our approach is to treat spikes and discrete synapses as continuous probabilities, which allows training the network using standard backpropagation. The trained network naturally maps to neuromorphic hardware by sampling the probabilities to create one or more networks, which are merged using ensemble averaging. To demonstrate, we trained a sparsely connected network that runs on the TrueNorth chip using the MNIST dataset. With a high performance network (ensemble of 64), we achieve 99.42% accuracy at 108 μJ per image, and with a high efficiency network (ensemble of 1) we achieve 92.7% accuracy at 0.268 μJ per image.
Inhibition of stimulant-induced activation of phagocytic cells with tetrandrine

Tetrandrine is an alkaloid obtained from the root of a medicinal herb which is employed in China as a treatment for silicosis. One proposed mechanism for the development of silica-induced fibrosis is lung damage resulting from particle-induced inflammation and secretion of reactive compounds from alveolar phagocytes. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine if tetrandrine exhibited the ability to inhibit respiratory burst activity of pulmonary phagocytes. The data indicate that although tetrandrine is not cytotoxic to phagocytic cells, it is a potent inhibitor in vitro of zymosan-stimulated oxygen consumption, superoxide anion release, and hydrogen peroxide secretion by alveolar macrophages. Tetrandrine is also effective in vivo in preventing activation of alveolar macrophages after inhalation or intratracheal instillation of silica. Tetrandrine also inhibits stimulant-induced chemiluminescence by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Since tetrandrine does not alter stimulant-induced depolarization of phagocytic cells, its inhibitory action is not via interference with receptor-ligand binding but rather must occur elsewhere in the stimulus-secretion coupling scheme.
Characterization of a long-chain 14 C-labelled alcohol resulting from a plant enzyme-catalysed reaction with S-adenosyl(methyl- 14 C)methionine.

A particulate enzyme from Phaseolus aureus seedlings catalyses the incorporation of radioactivity from S -adenosyl[ Me - 14 C]methionine into several lipid acceptors present in the enzyme preparation. The structure of one of the radioactive lipids has been elucidated by using mass, n.m.r. and i.r. spectral data. This compound has a molecular formula C 28 H 57 OH, is a saturated primary alcohol and has a single branch of one methyl group in the interior of the hydrocarbon chain. The results of a Kuhn–Roth degradation demonstrate that the branch methyl group is the one derived from S -adenosylmethionine.
The shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae) in the tropical western Atlantic, with description of five new species

The present study examines the diversity of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 in the western Atlantic. Five species are described from the shallow waters of the Caribbean Sea: Salmoneus hispaniolensis sp. nov., from the southern coast of the Dominican Republic; S. camaroncito sp. nov. from Panama and Honduras; S. armatus sp. nov. from Panama; S. degravei sp. nov. from Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Tobago; and S. wehrtmanni sp. nov. from Panama, Honduras, Mexico (Yucatan) and Tobago. In addition, S. ortmanni (Rankin, 1898) is reported from new localities in Panama and Costa Rica; S. carvachoi Anker, 2007 from Mexico (Yucatan) and the Brazilian states of Pernambuco and Paraiba; S. cavicolus Felder & Manning, 1986 from Turks and Caicos Islands; and S. setosus Manning & Chace, 1990 from Mexico (Yucatan). Most specimens were collected at shallow depths (0.5–2 m), on soft bottoms ranging from mudsilt to coarse sand mixed rubble, under rocks or coral rubble; S. degravei sp. nov. appears to be associated with burrows of the callianassid ghost shrimp, Neocallichirus grandimana (Gibbes, 1850).
The Heavenly City of the Twentieth-Century Philosophers

How to ground or support moral commitments and political norms within a naturalistic worldview is a problem that has challenged thinkers at least since the Enlightenment. This essay reviews the delightful account of the philosophes' vain efforts to address the problem offered in Carl Becker's classic, The Heavenly City of the Eighteenth-Century Philosophers. The essay then suggests that more recent thinkers have failed in ways closely similar to those Becker discussed. In particular, Martha Nussbaum's much discussed capabilities approach presents almost precise parallels to the eighteenth-century failures that Becker depicted.
A U1 snRNP-specific assembly pathway reveals the SMN complex as a versatile hub for RNP exchange

The higher abundance of U1 among snRNPs is explained by the identification of an additional mode of assembly: RBP U1-70K bridges pre-U1 to SMN–Gemin2–Sm, thus establishing a Gemin5-independent assembly pathway.
Direct reconstruction of pharmacokinetic parameters in dynamic fluorescence molecular tomography by the augmented Lagrangian method

Dynamic fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) has the potential to quantify physiological or biochemical information, known as pharmacokinetic parameters, which are important for cancer detection, drug development and delivery etc. To image those parameters, there are indirect methods, which are easier to implement but tend to provide images with low signal-to-noise ratio, and direct methods, which model all the measurement noises together and are statistically more efficient. The direct reconstruction methods in dynamic FMT have attracted a lot of attention recently. However, the coupling of tomographic image reconstruction and nonlinearity of kinetic parameter estimation due to the compartment modeling has imposed a huge computational burden to the direct reconstruction of the kinetic parameters. In this paper, we propose to take advantage of both the direct and indirect reconstruction ideas through a variable splitting strategy under the augmented Lagrangian framework. Each iteration of the direct reconstruction is split into two steps: the dynamic FMT image reconstruction and the node-wise nonlinear least squares fitting of the pharmacokinetic parameter images. Through numerical simulation studies, we have found that the proposed algorithm can achieve good reconstruction results within a small amount of time. This will be the first step for a combined dynamic PET and FMT imaging in the future.
The Color Line Reconsidered: Du Bois in the Twenty-First Century

It is fitting that in the same issue that we present a previously unpublished article by W. E. B. Du Bois and host a symposium reviewing new major works on his political philosophy, we also present major essays debating the contours of the color line in the twenty-first century. Immigration and a strong rightward movement in American society are rapidly remaking the demographic and political configuration of the color line in the United States. Several essays in this issue debate critical aspects of this reconfiguration such as the relative importance of cultural versus structural causes of continued racial disparities; the role, if any, that racialization plays in shaping the modern immigrant incorporation into U.S. society; and, the legacy of the Moynihan report. Complementing these essays is a symposium on two major new books that provide fresh takes on the philosophical and theoretical relevance of Du Bois's thought for our times. We are also proud, for the first time anywhere, to publish Du Bois's essay, “The Social Significance of Booker T. Washington,” with an accompanying analytical introduction by Robert Brown.
NEARSHORE WAVE SPECTRA MEASURED DURING HURRICANE DAVID

This paper presents the results of an analysis carried out on wave spectra measured at three nearshore sites along the United States Florida coast when Hurricane DAVID passed these sites in 1979. Included are (a) the variability of the shapes of wave spectra during the stages of growth and decay of the hurricane-generated seas, (b) the presentation of spectra according to various spectral formulations, and (c) a comparison between spectra measured at the coastal sites and those measured in deep water for the same severity (significant wave height) of hurricane-generated seas.
Introducing a Method for Calculating the Allocation of Attention in a Cognitive “Two-Armed Bandit” Procedure: Probability Matching Gives Way to Maximizing

We tested whether principles that describe the allocation of overt behavior, as in choice experiments, also describe the allocation of cognition, as in attention experiments. Our procedure is a cognitive version of the “two-armed bandit choice procedure.” The two-armed bandit procedure has been of interest to psychologists and economists because it tends to support patterns of responding that are suboptimal. Each of two alternatives provides rewards according to fixed probabilities. The optimal solution is to choose the alternative with the higher probability of reward on each trial. However, subjects often allocate responses so that the probability of a response approximates its probability of reward. Although it is this result which has attracted most interest, probability matching is not always observed. As a function of monetary incentives, practice, and individual differences, subjects tend to deviate from probability matching toward exclusive preference, as predicted by maximizing. In our version of the two-armed bandit procedure, the monitor briefly displayed two, small adjacent stimuli that predicted correct responses according to fixed probabilities, as in a two-armed bandit procedure. We show that in this setting, a simple linear equation describes the relationship between attention and correct responses, and that the equation’s solution is the allocation of attention between the two stimuli. The calculations showed that attention allocation varied as a function of the degree to which the stimuli predicted correct responses. Linear regression revealed a strong correlation (r ¬= 0.99) between the predictiveness of a stimulus and the probability of attending to it. Nevertheless there were deviations from probability matching, and although small, they were systematic and statistically significant. As in choice studies, attention allocation deviated toward maximizing as a function of practice, feedback, and incentives. Our approach also predicts the frequency of correct guesses and the relationship between attention allocation and response latencies. The results were consistent with these two predictions, the assumptions of the equations used to calculate attention allocation, and recent studies which show that predictiveness and reward are important determinants of attention.
Biosynthesis and Enzymic Regulation of the Interconversion of Cytokinin

Plants, as intact organisms, do not have a cytokinin requirement for their growth by virtue of the capacity of their tissues to synthesize cytokinins de novo. Most of the culture cell lines, however, require an exogenous source of cytokinin and other nutrients for cell division and differentiation. Although cytokinins are relatively abundant in shoots and it seems logical that shoots as well as roots are capable of synthesizing cytokinins, little experimental evidence was available for cytokinin formation in shoots. To address this problem, rootless tobacco plants were grown and cytokinin biosynthesis in shoots was examined.
Designing a Predictive Coding System for Electronic Discovery

This paper presents the preliminary results of a pilot project to design a predictive coding system for electronic discovery (e-discovery) that will be able to handle potentially relevant evidence in a myriad of formats and that will have the features and functionality that lawyers and members of the legal team will find most useful. We developed our predictive coding system to combine available software tools with particular emphasis on usability and in making the user interface as intuitive, attractive and user-friendly as possible. Future work will include a survey and interviews with potential users, testing the system with larger sets of files and documents, and continued refinement of the user interface and backend processing.
Effect of Ownership on Hospice Service Use: 2005–2011

Objectives To assess differences in populations and service use according to hospice ownership, chain status, and agency size. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting United States. Participants Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older enrolled in hospice during 2005 to 2011 N = 5,405,526). Measurements Hospice use according to ownership category (for-profit nonchain and chain, not-for-profit nonchain and chain, government) and agency size (0–50, 51–200, 201–400, ≥401 individuals discharged each year). Mean length of use, stays of 3 days or fewer, stays ending with live discharge, and decedents receiving no general inpatient care (GIP)- or continuous home care (CHC)-level hospice in the last 7 days of life. Results After adjusting for individual and geographic differences, for-profit nonchain and chain agencies had longer mean length of use (84.5 and 91.2 days, respectively) than other agency types (66.3–72.5 days), higher rates of live discharge (21.0% and 20.2% vs 14.6–15.9%), and lower proportions of stays of 3 days or fewer (13.9% and 14.7% vs 16.6–17.5%) (all P < .001). The proportion of decedents not receiving GIP- or CHC-level care before death was highest in for-profit chains (75.9%) and lowest in not-for-profit nonchains (63.2%). Smaller agencies had longer mean length of use, higher live discharge rates, lower rates of stays of 3 days or fewer, and higher rates of individuals receiving no GIP- or CHC-level care. There were considerable differences in patient traits and unadjusted service use between the nation's largest chains. Conclusion In addition to for-profit and not-for-profit hospice agencies differing according to important dimensions, there is substantial heterogeneity within these ownership categories, highlighting the need to consider factors such as agency size and chain affiliation in understanding variations in Medicare beneficiaries’ hospice care.
Simulation of Left Atrial Pressure and Flow Dynamics Using an Adaptable Control Architecture in a Mock Circulatory Loop

For the purposes of analyzing the possible impact of external factors on the performance and reliability of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), a pulmonary simulator would be critical for in vitro use within a mock circulatory loop (MCL). To accurately reproduce the conditions within the pulmonary system, a pulmonary simulator should not only account for the capacity of the pulmonary system to supply flow at given pressures, but also consider the systemic outflow dynamics. This would allow for an accurate pressure and flow rate return feed back into the left ventricular portion of the MCS, i.e. the initial conditions of the left heart. Utilizing Windkessel modeling techniques, a computational model was developed using Simulink® Simscape that generates the left atrial pressure waveform for given aortic conditions, systemic variables, and pulmonary factors. The adaptability of this model provides the ability to reproduce a wide range of circulatory conditions without the limitations of a dedicated hardware platform. Following a verification and validation (V&V) model, a closed loop, PID controlled, hydraulic system was developed utilizing Simulink® Simscape. Once this simulation was completed, testing of the pulmonary simulator was conducted on the MCL. Simulink® Real-Time was used to control the in vitro system during verification studies of the pulmonary simulator, as well as, validation of the control architecture used to simulate pulmonary performance. Empirical verification of the pulmonary simulator performance and validation of the control architecture support this modeling and control method as an effective means of reproducing pulmonary pressure and systemic outflow.
Integrated vehicle health management in aerospace structures

Abstract To meet the expected increase in demand for air and space transportation over the next several decades, new technologies will be needed to sustain the safe and efficient operation of these vehicles. Structural health monitoring and inspection methods allow early detection of damage or degradation to critical components, enabling corrective action can be taken so vehicle components can safely and economically perform their intended function. Integrated vehicle health management allows current and future vehicles to safely and efficiently operate in harsh environments and to meet operational requirements. Probabilistic health assessment and predictive modeling methods allow the safe and efficient design and operation of aerospace vehicles without being overly conservative. Combining predictive models with continuous health monitoring assures decision-makers that these models accurately reflect the state of a vehicle over its entire lifetime, allowing simulation-based systems engineering models to be used as an effective tool for ensuring mission success.
Real life identification of partially occluded weapons in video frames

We empirically test the capacity of an improved system to identify not just images of individual guns, but partially occluded guns and their parts appearing in a videoframe. This approach combines low-level geometrical information gleaned from the visual images and high-level semantic information stored in an ontology enriched with meronymic part-whole relations. The main improvements of the system are handling occlusion, new algorithms, and an emerging meronomy. Well-known and commonly deployed in ontologies, actual meronomies need to be engineered and populated with unique solutions. Here, this includes adjacency of weapon parts and essentiality of parts to the threat of and the diagnosticity for a weapon. In this study video sequences are processed frame by frame. The extraction method separates colors and removes the background. Then image subtraction of the next frame determines moving targets, before morphological closing is applied to the current frame in order to clean up noise and fill gaps. Next, the method calculates for each object the boundary coordinates and uses them to create a finite numerical sequence as a descriptor. Parts identification is done by cyclic sequence alignment and matching against the nodes of the weapons ontology. From the identified parts, the most-likely weapon will be determined by using the weapon ontology.
The characteristic and enlightenment of college student affairs in Britain

The "student-centered" work idea,comprehensive and professional student service system,normative and efficient working principles,valuing the role of Student Union in student affairs,establishing an "academy-oriented" student affairs work system,all of these referring to the college student affairs in Britain have a positive significance for the improvement of college student affairs in China which is still exploring and developing.Firstly,establish student-oriented work concept and strengthen the service function of student affairs.Secondly,establish complete,scientific and practical criterions and rules for student affairs.Thirdly,fully exert the leading role of students in school management and education.Fourth,intensify the combination of academy orientation and administrative leadership and strengthen the communication between student affairs and academic affairs.
Ritual Scenes and Epic Themes of Oath-Sacrifice

T he theories outlined in chapter 1 and the cultural prin ciples and premises described in Chapter 2 provide us with lenses through which we now can examine the Iliad's two complete oath sacrifices of Books 3 and 19. In the first part of this chapter, we shall examine each element of the oath-sacrificing ritual scene, as well as the cohesion of its elements into a liturgical order, as defined in Chapter 1. As part of this examination, we shall weigh each element in the oath-sacrificing scene against other instances of that same element as displayed in other ritual events in the Iliad , and also against a handful of conspicuously similar events referred to in Near Eastern texts. To explore the cohesion of the ritual's various elements we shall attempt to trace the intertextual tensions between the apparent performance pattern of the ritual and the typical poetic scene of oath-sacrifice, relying on theories introduced in Chapter 1. The second part of this chapter has a more elusive aim, which is to gauge the extent to which a resonance between ritual slaughter and battlefield slaughter, if any, could have been intuited by ancient audiences to the Iliad . To establish that there was such a resonance, we first shall explore some shared lexical features between the oath-sacrificing ritual scene and certain killing and dying scenes, to illuminate some common narrative shapes and themes.
Guyanagarika, a new ectomycorrhizal genus of Agaricales from the Neotropics

A new genus and three new species of Agaricales are described from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana in the central Guiana Shield. All three of these new species fruit on the ground in association with species of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree genus Dicymbe (Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae) and one species has been shown to form ectomycorrhizas. Multi-locus molecular phylogenetic analyses place Guyanagarika gen. nov. within the Catathelasma clade, a lineage in the suborder Tricholomatineae of the Agaricales. We formally recognize this ‘Catathelasma clade’ as an expanded family Catathelasmataceae that includes the genera Callistosporium, Catathelasma, Guyanagarika, Macrocybe, Pleurocollybia, and Pseudolaccaria. Within the Catathelasmataceae, Catathelasma and Guyanagarika represent independent origins of the ectomycorrhizal habit. Guyanagarika is the first documented case of an ECM Agaricales genus known only from the Neotropics.
STM Study of the Influence of Adsorption on Step Dynamics

In situ STM has been used to examine the influence of anion adsorption and metal underpotential deposition on the structure and dynamics of steps on copper surfaces. Chloride is shown to form potential dependent adlayer structures on Cu(100) and Cu(111) which strongly affects the orientation of the surface steps. The adlayer acts as a template guiding step evolution during metal deposition and dissolution. Metal underpotential deposition (upd) exhibits similar effects on step structure. This is demonstrated for Pb upd on Cu(lll). In this instance the Pb monolayer displaces chloride from the surface and leads to a reorientation of the steps and an alteration of the step dynamics.
Laparoscopic Versus Robotic Versus Open Surgery for Rectal Cancer

A 64-year-old male completed neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy for a cT3bN+ adenocarcinoma at 11 cm from the anal verge 5 weeks ago. Repeat MRI demonstrates tumor downsizing. He is aware that surgery involves open or minimally invasive approaches. He wants to return to work as soon as possible but above all wants surgery with the highest chance of “cure.”
Fuzzy algorithm of a mobile robot's motion

This article offers three versions of the mobile robot and the fuzzy algorithm of the mobile robot's motion. The mobile robot is assembled based on the Pirate 4WD platform. For controlling the mobile robot the following microprocessors are used: Arduino Uno, Arduino Mega 2560 or Romeo atmega 328. The fuzzy algorithm control of the mobile robot increases accuracy, speed transit routes, and reduces the time required to configure the parameters required for its movement.
Association of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Context With Participation in Cardiac Rehabilitation

BackgroundCardiac rehabilitation (CR) is underutilized in the United States, with fewer than 20% of eligible patients participating in CR programs. Individual socioeconomic status is associated wit...
Race and Sex Disparities in Outcomes of Dialysis Access Maintenance Interventions.

Abstract Purpose To determine whether utilization and outcomes of dialysis access maintenance interventions vary by patient race or sex. Materials and Methods Data for this retrospective cohort study of first-time arteriovenous (AV) access recipients were drawn from a 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries, containing claims from all clinical settings (2009–2014) in 2,693 patients who received their first AV fistula/graft in 2009. Maintenance interventions—angiography, angioplasty, thrombolysis, stent placement, and venous embolization—were identified by corresponding Current Procedural Terminology codes. Outcomes of primary patency (PP), postinterventional primary patency (PIPP), and postinterventional secondary patency (PISP) were calculated with utilization records. Associations between demographic data and patency times were evaluated by a multivariate survival approach, controlling for baseline differences in patient age, comorbid disease, type of dialysis access, and interventionist specialty. Results AV grafts (AVGs) were created with greater frequency in women (32% vs 23% in men; P P P Conclusions Dialysis access patency rates are lower for women and black patients. More frequent primary AVG creation in women and minority patients additionally predisposes these patients to patency loss.
Impaired arterial responsiveness in untreated gout patients compared with healthy non-gout controls: association with serum urate and C-reactive protein

To determine whether arterial responsiveness is impaired among patients with gout, and whether arterial responsiveness inversely correlates with serum urate and inflammatory measures. This is a cross-sectional study of untreated gout subjects (n = 34) and non-gout healthy controls (n = 64). High-resolution dynamic ultrasound-measured flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) assessed endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent arterial responsiveness respectively. Serum urate (sUA) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured in the gout group, and correlated with FMD and NMD responses. Both FMD (2.20 ± 0.53 vs 3.56 ± 0.31, p = 0.021) and NMD (16.69 ± 1.54 vs 24.51 ± 0.90, p = 0.00002) were impaired in the gout versus control group. Stratification for individual comorbidities suggested that no single risk factor accounted for impaired FMD/NMD in the gout subjects. However, the degree of association between gout and FMD, but not NMD impairment, was dampened after multivariable adjustment (FMD unadjusted beta = − 1.36 (SE 0.58), p = 0.02; adjusted beta = − 1.16 (SE 0.78), p = 0.14 and NMD unadjusted beta = − 7.68 (SE 1.78), p < 0.0001; adjusted beta = − 5.33 (SE 2.46), p = 0.03). Within the gout group, there was an inverse correlation between FMD and sUA (R = − 0.5, p = 0.003), and between FMD and hsCRP (R = − 0.42, p = 0.017), but not between NMD and sUA or hsCRP. Compared with healthy controls, subjects with gout have reduced arterial function. Individual comorbidities are insufficient to account for differences between gout and control groups, but multiple comorbidities may collectively contribute to impairment in endothelium-dependent arterial responsiveness. Endothelial impairment is also related to sUA and hsCRP, markers of gout severity and inflammation respectively. Studies to determine whether gout therapy may improve arterial responsiveness are warranted.
Use of sunscreen and risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The use of sunscreen is a key component of public health campaigns for skin cancer prevention, but epidemiological studies have raised doubts on its effectiveness in the general population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between risk of skin cancer and sunscreen use. We searched PubMed, BIREME and Google Scholar from inception to May 17, 2017, to identify observational studies and controlled trials. We used a random-effects model for conventional and cumulative meta-analyses. We included 29 studies (25 case-control, two cohort, one cross-sectional, and one controlled trial) involving 313,717 participants (10,670 cases). The overall meta-analysis did not show a significant association between skin cancer and sunscreen use (odds ratio (OR) = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.91-1.28, I2 = 89.4%). Neither melanoma (25 studies; 9,813 cases) nor non-melanoma skin cancer (five studies; 857 cases) were associated with sunscreen use, with a pooled OR (95% CI) of 1.10 (0.92-1.33) and 0.99 (0.62-1.57), respectively. The cumulative evidence before the 1980s showed a relatively strong positive association between melanoma and sunscreen use (cumulative OR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.66-3.33). The strength of the association between risk of skin cancer and sunscreen use has constantly decreased since the early 1980s, and the association was no longer statistically significant from the early 1990s. While the current evidence suggests no increased risk of skin cancer related to sunscreen use, this systematic review does not confirm the expected protective benefits of sunscreen against skin cancer in the general population.
Exploiting MISD performance opportunities in multi-core systems

A number of important system services, particularly network system services, need strong scaling on multi-core systems, where a fixed workload is executed more quickly with increased core counts. Unfortunately, modern multiple-instruction/multiple-data (MIMD) approaches to multi-core OS design cannot exploit the fine-grained parallelism needed to provide such scaling. In this paper, we propose a replicated work approach to parallelizing network system services for multi-core systems based on a multiple-instruction/single-data (MISD) execution model. In particular, we discuss the advantages of this approach for scalable network system services and we compare past methods for addressing the challenges this approach presents. We also present preliminary results that examine the viability of the basic approach and the software abstractions needed to support it.
Endovascular Repair of Ascending Aortic Disease in High-Risk Patients Yields Favorable Outcome.

Background Up to 30% of patients presenting with ascending aortic disease are deemed inoperable. Ascending aortic endovascular repair provides an alternative option for these patients. Methods From 2018 to 2019, 13 patients who were considered to have prohibitive risk for open ascending aortic repair underwent endovascular repair. Aortic disease included type A dissection (n = 8), pseudoaneurysm (n = 3), penetrating ulcer (n = 3), and chronic aortic aneurysm (n = 1). Ascending aortic stent placement with thoracic endovascular aortic repair was performed in 9 patients, endovascular cuff extension was inserted in 3, and in 1 patient endovascular coil embolization was undertaken. Preoperative and follow-up electrocardiogram-gated computed tomographic analysis was performed to compare the remodeling effect of the stent on the aorta. The median follow-up time was 13 months. Results The stent graft was successfully implanted in all patients (100%). Operative mortality and stroke rate were 15% (2 of 13) and 8% (1 of 13), respectively. One patient required transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe aortic insufficiency 5 months after ascending thoracic endovascular aortic repair. The location of the aortic pathologic process was in zone 0A in 2 patients, zone 0B in 7 patients, and zone 0C in 3 patients. No endoleak was observed after the ascending endovascular repair in 9 patients (70%). Follow-up computed tomographic scan analysis revealed a tendency of favorable aortic remodeling in the mid-ascending and descending aorta. Conclusions Ascending aortic stent placement for ascending aortic disease is feasible and is associated with favorable aortic remodeling. Despite persistent perfusion to the false lumen in a subset of patients, there is minimal aortic dilation at short-term follow-up with excellent survival.
Military Sexual Assault

While the issue of military sexual assault (MSA) first came into the public awareness almost 30 years ago, its relevance has increased significantly more recently, with incidents of sexual assault in the military now occurring with alarming frequency. This chapter provides an overview of MSA, beginning with operational definitions of MSA and related phenomena (e.g., military sexual harassment, military sexual trauma); their measurement in active-duty service members, reservists, and veterans; as well as prevalence estimates. We also examine the impact of MSA on survivors and focus on the known psychological, physical, and psychosocial correlates. Finally, we present current psychotherapeutic treatments for MSA and related psychological conditions and discuss prevention efforts. In our concluding section, we discuss future directions for research on the nature, treatment, and prevention of MSA.
Capturing multireference excited states by constrained-density-functional theory

The computation of excited electronic states with commonly employed (approximate) methods is challenging, typically yielding states of lower quality than the corresponding ground state for a higher computational cost. In this work, we present a mean-field method that extends the previously proposed excited constrained-density-functional theory (XCDFT) from single Slater determinants to ensemble one-body reduced density matrices for computing low-lying excited states. The method still retains an associated computational complexity comparable to a semilocal density functional theory (DFT) calculation while at the same time it is capable of approaching states with multireference character. We benchmark the quality of this method on well-established test sets, finding good descriptions of the electronic structure of multireference states and maintaining an overall accuracy for the predicted excitation energies comparable to semilocal time-dependent DFT.
Aurelio Pérez Peña y los inicios de la literatura sonorense

Esta nota rescata la historia perdida de un gran pionero del periodismo independiente y de la literatura sonorenses. La obra literaria mas importante del editor de El Imparcial (Guaymas 1889-1910) es la obra de teatro Heroina. Publicada en 1897, resulta ser el primer libro de contenido literario publicado en Sonora. Heroina trata la invasion de Guaymas por el conde Gaston de Raousset Boulbon y su tropa de filibusteros franceses en 1854. Perez Pena se empena en una lucha de representacion no tanto con los franceses sino con la prensa norteamericana -cuya vision romantica del conde le parecio equivocada- y tambien con la historiografia nacional, la que borro una serie de personajes de la historia local, entre ellos dos heroinas de la batalla de Guaymas: Loreta Encinas de Aviles y Guadalupe Cubillas.
Telling Stories about Climate Change

Recent years have seen many calls for climate scientists to become better storytellers. Storytelling has intuitive appeal: In a world made increasingly nonsensical by climate change, storytelling h...
Better data structures for colored orthogonal range reporting

Range searching on categorical, or "colored", data has been studied extensively for over two decades. In this paper, we obtain the current best results for perhaps the most basic, and most often studied, version of the geometric problem: colored orthogonal range reporting. Given n colored points in two-dimensional space [U]2, we present a data structure with O(nlog3/4+e n) space, for an arbitrarily small constant e > 0, so that all k distinct colors in any axis-aligned query rectangle can be reported in (optimal) O(log log U + k) time; this is the first method to break the O(n log n) space barrier. In three dimensions, we present a data structure with O(n log9/5+e n) space and O(log n/ log log n + k) time; this improves the previous space bound of O(n log4 n).
Utilizing Creativity to Foster Connection in Online Counseling Supervision

Online counseling programs are often viewed as less effective due to the lack of face-to-face interaction; however, the Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs (CACRE...
Cultured Epithelial Autograft Combined with Micropatterned Dermal Template Forms Rete Ridges In Vivo

For patients with large, full-thickness burn wounds, sufficient donor sites for autografting are not available, and thus, alternate strategies must be used to close these wounds. Cultured epithelial autografts (CEAs) can aid in closing these wounds but are often associated with slow deposition of basement membrane proteins, leading to blistering and graft loss. Rete ridges and dermal papillae present at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) play a key role in epidermal adhesion and skin homeostasis. Promoting the development of an interdigitated DEJ may enhance basement membrane protein deposition and provide enhanced physical interlock of the epidermis and dermis. To develop a dermal template with stable dermal papillae, an electrospun collagen scaffold was seeded with human dermal fibroblasts. Ridged topographies were patterned into the cell-seeded dermal template using laser ablation, creating wide and shallow (ActiveFX) or narrow and deep (DeepFX) wells. Micropatterned or flat (control) dermal templates were combined with CEAs immediately before grafting to full-thickness excisional wounds on immunodeficient mice. CEAs grafted in conjunction with ridged templates showed rete ridge formation at 2 weeks after grafting and led to increased epidermal thickness, proliferation, and stemness compared to templates with a flat DEJ. As this technology is further developed, the dermal papilla-containing dermal templates may be utilized in combination with CEAs to improve adhesion and clinical function. Impact statement Cultured epithelial autografts (CEAs) serve as an adjunct to conventional split-thickness autograft in patients with very large burns, but they are susceptible to blistering that can reduce engraftment. Blistering results, in part, from relatively slow basement membrane deposition after grafting. This study demonstrates that basement membrane deposition and rete ridge formation are enhanced by combination of CEAs with a micropatterned, cell-seeded dermal template. These findings may lead to improved treatment and increased survival in patients with very large burns.