cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure and Dynamical Properties

In the last chapter, we saw that compartimentai matrices had eigenvalues whose real part, if not zero, was negative. Hence, any solution to the associated differential equation was asymptotically stable. We also saw that positive initial values lead to non-negative solutions. However, there is still the possibility that a solution have a zero component in finite time. We also would like to determine structural conditions under which the asymptotic levels are nonzero; i.e. conditions for which x(t) > 0 as t → ∞. We also consider a method for simplifying the structure. Certain cases with a particular structure are shown to have associated dynamical behavior.
Women’s Page Journalists Across the Country

The women’s page journalists were an impressive group from a variety of backgrounds. Many came from traditional journalism backgrounds, although others just wanted to be writers. Some never married while others had children for whom they were the sole providers. Some remained in their sections until retirement or the sections were eliminated. A few rose to management positions in other sections. What is consistent for the hundreds of reporters that populated these sections across the country is that they have been routinely excluded from not just the annals of journalism history but also the histories of their own papers.
Medial compartment defects progress at a more rapid rate than lateral cartilage defects in older adults with minimal to moderate knee osteoarthritis (OA): data from the OA initiative

To determine: (1) rates and risk factors for progression of lateral and medial full-thickness cartilage defect size in older adults without severe knee osteoarthritis (OA), and (2) whether risk factors for defect progression differ for knees with Kellgren–Lawrence OA grade 3 (moderate) OA versus grades 0–2 (none to mild) OA. Three-hundred and eighty adults enrolled in the Osteoarthritis Initiative were included (43% male, mean age 63.0 SD 9.2 years). Ethical approval was obtained at all study sites prior to enrollment. All participants had full-thickness tibial or weight-bearing femoral condylar cartilage defects on baseline knee MRIs. Baseline OA grade was KL grade 3 in 71.3% and grades 0–2 in 21.7% of participants. Repeat MRIs were obtained at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Independent risk of progression in defect size due to demographic factors, knee alignment, OA grade, knee injury and surgery history, and baseline knee symptoms was determined by multivariate Cox proportional hazards and linear regression modeling. The average increase in defect size over 2 years for lateral defects was 0.18 cm2 (SD 0.60) and for medial defects was 0.49 cm2 (SD 1.09). Independent predictors of medical defect size progression were bipolar defects (beta 0.47 SE 0.08; p < 0.001), knee varus (per degree, beta 0.08 SE 0.03; p = 0.02) and increased weight (per kg, beta = 0.01 SE 0.004; p = 0.01). Independent predictors for lateral defect progression were larger baseline defect size (per 1.0 cm2, beta 0.14 SE 0.03; p < 0.001) and tibial sided defects (beta 0.12 SE 0.04) and degrees valgus (per degree, beta 0.04 SE 0.01; p = 0.001). Medial compartment full-thickness defects progress at a more rapid rate than lateral defects in older adults with minimal to moderate OA. Medial defect progression was greatest for bipolar defects in heavier adults with varus knees. Lateral defect progression was greatest for large tibial-sided defects in adults with valgus knees. II.
Improving Safety in Health Care: Beyond Standard Hospital-Acquired Conditions

Patient safety efforts have largely focused on reduction of events collectively called hospital-acquired conditions (HACs). These events include device-related events such as central line–associated bloodstream infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections, immobility and pressure injuries, other hospital acquired infections, falls, and readmissions. This review will discuss causes of harm beyond traditional HACs. The authors hope to raise awareness that to achieve further reductions in patient harm events, physicians must play an increasingly active role in improvement efforts. Diagnostic error is a significant source of patient harm for all ages and healthcare settings. Hospital-acquired kidney injury occurs in children, may lead to chronic renal dysfunction, and can be mitigated by limiting the use of nephrotoxic medications and monitoring of creatinine in exposed patients. Adoption of restrictive red blood cell transfusion practices decreases transfusion-related harm by decreasing the number of exposures. Further reductions in patient harm will require active engagement of physicians and other providers to understand how practice habits and the systems in which we practice contribute to harm and implement strategies that will bring about changes in how we function as individuals, within teams and within systems. It is unlikely that continuing to focus on improvement project by project (HACs) will significantly reduce harm events.
A feckless punt: cursing on Full Frontal with Samantha Bee

Political satire hosts are no strangers to the power of the curse word to get a point across, but even Samantha Bee acknowledges that she ‘crossed the line’ for referring to Ivanka Trump as a “feck...
Measuring the fine structure constant, /spl alpha/, using helium fine structure

The fine structure of the 2/sup 3/S-2/sup 3/P transition in helium has been precisely measured using laser excitation of an atomic beam. The results give /spl alpha//sup -1/=137.035853(3)(7)(99). The three values of standard deviation are from, respectively, the measured transition frequency, the frequency calibration, and helium theory (1978 value). >
Automated Contouring of Contrast and Noncontrast Computed Tomography Liver Images With Fully Convolutional Networks.

Abstract Purpose The deformable nature of the liver can make focal treatment challenging and is not adequately addressed with simple rigid registration techniques. More advanced registration techniques can take deformations into account (eg, biomechanical modeling) but require segmentations of the whole liver for each scan, which is a time-intensive process. We hypothesize that fully convolutional networks can be used to rapidly and accurately autosegment the liver, removing the temporal bottleneck for biomechanical modeling. Methods and Materials Manual liver segmentations on computed tomography scans from 183 patients treated at our institution and 30 scans from the Medical Image Computing & Computer Assisted Intervention challenges were collected for this study. Three architectures were investigated for rapid automated segmentation of the liver (VGG-16, DeepLabv3 +, and a 3-dimensional UNet). Fifty-six cases were set aside as a final test set for quantitative model evaluation. Accuracy of the autosegmentations was assessed using Dice similarity coefficient and mean surface distance. Qualitative evaluation was also performed by 3 radiation oncologists on 50 independent cases with previously clinically treated liver contours. Results The mean (minimum-maximum) mean surface distance for the test groups with the final model, DeepLabv3 +, were as follows: μContrast(N = 17): 0.99 mm (0.47-2.2), μNon_Contrast(N = 19)l: 1.12 mm (0.41-2.87), and μMiccai(N = 30)t: 1.48 mm (0.82-3.96). The qualitative evaluation showed that 30 of 50 autosegmentations (60%) were preferred to manual contours (majority voting) in a blinded comparison, and 48 of 50 autosegmentations (96%) were deemed clinically acceptable by at least 1 reviewing physician. Conclusions The autosegmentations were preferred compared with manually defined contours in the majority of cases. The ability to rapidly segment the liver with high accuracy achieved in this investigation has the potential to enable the efficient integration of biomechanical model-based registration into a clinical workflow.
Research on Interference of LTE Wireless Network in Electric Power System

In view of the problems of electric power wireless communication and to serve the power consumer better, On the basis of the basic principles of TD-LTE’s network structure, interference in the wireless network optimization of power system are analyzed in detail, and put forward a method of interference remediation for power system. Based on the actual, cases, the feasibility of interference remediation is verified by means of data processing and comparative analysis. The interference analysis provides a technology support for electric power communication access network construction and late operation and lays the foundations for popularization and application of LTE power wireless private network, and the security of the power network is guaranteed.
Whose Envy Is It Anyway

In this paper I offer a description of a patient with a prolonged dissociated transference and my countertransference reactions to her. Envy, both hers and mine, permeated our interactions and prev...
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Frequent Headache by Adolescent Self-Report

Abstract Background The association between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and increased headache in adults has been well characterized. Childhood adversity and its effect on headache in children have not been as robustly investigated. This study examines the relationship of self-reported ACEs to frequent headache in an adolescent cohort. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health Wave I (n = 20,745) to examine self-reported ACE exposures and their relationship to frequent headache. Results The study population was composed of 20,745 participants; 50.6% male and 49.4% female. The mean age of respondents was 15.9 years (range 12 to 21 years, standard error: 0.12 years). Frequent headache was reported in 29.3% of respondents, and 45% of respondents reported one or more ACE exposures. For each increase in cumulative ACE score, odds of frequent headache increased by 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15 to 1.30). The ACEs that individually showed an association with frequent headache after adjusting for demographic factors were lack of maternal warmth (odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.74, P = 0.002), lack of paternal warmth (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.81, P Conclusions Several ACE exposures were associated with frequent headache in adolescents. An increase in cumulative ACE exposure increased the odds of having frequent headache.
Studies on the genus Leptodactylus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). II. Diagnosis and distribution of the Leptodactylus of Costa Rica

Five species of the genus Leptodactylus are known from Costa Rica: L. bolivianus, L. labialis, L. melanonotus, L. pentadactylus , and L. poecilochilus . Diagnoses, summaries of characteristics, and keys to the adults and larvae of the five species are presented here. L. bolivianus, L. labralis and L. poecilochilus are Pacific lowland forms. L. melanonotus and L. pentadactylus are widely distributed in the Atlantic and Pacific lowlands. The five species are limited to the bioclimate zones of the Tropical and Subtropical lowlands.
Six Types of Controllers

The proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller is the most common controller in general use. When choosing the controller for an application, the designer must weigh complexity against performance. For all control systems, gain and phase margins must be maintained and phase loss around the loop should be minimized. The significant differences between the two controller types relate to schemes which are easiest to implement in analog or digital components. Differential gains can provide incremental improvements at higher frequencies, and integral gains improve performance in the lower frequencies. The loss of stability is a consequence of phase loss in the loop, and the proportional gain will rise to press that limit. Noise in a control system may come from several sources. In analog controllers, it is often from electromagnetic interference (EMI), such as radio frequency interference (RFI) and ground loops, which affects signals being connected from one device to another. Noise is a nonlinear effect and one that is generally difficult to characterize mathematically. Usually, the person tuning the system must rely on experience to know how much noise can be tolerated.
Equations of Motion

In this chapter, we collect the equations expressing the balance of mass, energy and momentum, which together with the constitutive equation, determine the motion of fluids. I have tried to suppress details of derivations that I believe are adequately explained in many books on fluid dynamics.
How does the accuracy of fisher knowledge affect seahorse conservation status

O’Donnell, Pajaro & Vincent (2010) provide an interesting contribution to the study of indigenous/traditional knowledge and its modern relevance to marine conservation in insular south-east Asia, particularly given the rapid pace of socioeconomic change and ecological degradation in the region. The article examines how accurately fishermen in the Philippines report declines of the seahorse Hippocampus comes over a period of several decades by comparing fishermen’s interviews of past and current declines with daily fishermen logbook data. Given the dissonance between the results of these two datasets (due to retrospective bias), the authors conclude that caution should be exercised when fishermen’s knowledge regarding the status of a fishery are incorporated into quantitative conservation assessments. The conclusions of this particular case study are reasonable and important to consider when reconstructing historical trends in small-scale data-less artisanal fisheries. I would suggest, however, that researchers also need to consider ethnoecological knowledge in the context of a peoples’ holistic understanding of the local environment, rather than on peoples’ understanding of single-species trends only, which may suffer from retrospective bias as suggested by this paper. For fishers, an in-depth and holistic assessment of the local ecosystem affords an adequate cognitive framework to exploit its productive potential. Therefore, a complete analysis of human use of a particular marine environment depends on the study of its ecological structure and processes, as well as on the appraisal of its human ecology more generally. Consequently, researchers need to analyze the productive practices exerted by local inhabitants on the marine environment including an analysis of spatio-temporal human resource exploitation patterns (e.g. seasonal changes in fishing gear), human responses to variability in inter- and intra-habitat relative productivity and the influence of this variability on subsistence and economic fishing strategies, and human threats to particular marine habitats. In sum, only a holistic approach to the biological and social nature of a people’s cognition and use of a given seascape will allows us to design managerial schemes that are more comprehensive. This, in turn, will enhance local participation in the management and conservation of single and/or multiple tropical inshore species.
Factors influencing placental development and function in the mare.

Summary The development of the equine placenta involves a series of stage-specific events which ensure that the fetus is nourished throughout its 11 months of gestation. Initially, placental exchange to the developing embryo is histotrophic, via the yolk sac but, as the allantochorion develops and microcotyledons form, haemotrophic nutrition plays the major role in sustaining the increasing demands of the growing fetus. This review describes the development of the allantochorionic placenta of the mare and discusses some of the factors that influence its growth, size and functions and, hence, its control of fetal growth and maturation.
Skew-Hadamard Matrices and the Smith Normal Form

We show that the Smith normal form of every skew-Hadamard matrix of order 4m is diag[1,2,....,2, 2m,....,2m,4m]
Dermoid cyst (mature cystic teratoma) of the cecum: Histologic and cytologic features with review of the literature

The gastrointestinal tract is an unusual site for teratomas to occur. Only 4 prior cases of teratomas involving the cecum have appeared in the English literature, the latest published in 1977. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe fine-needle aspiration cytologic findings in addition to histologic features of a mature cystic teratoma involving the gastrointestinal tract. A 30-year-old man presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and a palpable abdominal mass. Radiographic studies identified a mass lesion inferior to the liver and in close association with the ascending colon. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy showed scant keratinous material and anucleated squamous cells. Right colectomy revealed a cystic mass in the wall of the cecum that contained keratinous material and was lined by stratified granular squamous epithelium with sebaceous glands. Clinical and pathologic features with review of the literature are presented, and the differential diagnosis for pericolic cystic masses is discussed in detail.
The Colonizer/Colonized Chicana Ethnographer: Identity, Marginalization, and Co-optation in the Field.

In this article, Sofia Villenas describes her experience of being caught in the midst of oppressive discourses of "othering" during her work as a Chicana ethnographer in a rural North Carolina Latino community. While Villenas was focusing on how to reform her relationship with the Latino community as "privileged" ethnographer, she missed the process by which she was being co-opted by the dominant English-speaking community to legitimate their discourse of Latino family education and child-rearing practices as "problem." By engaging in this discourse, she found herself complicit in the manipulation of her own identities and participating in her own colonization an marginalization. Through her story, Villenas recontextualizes theories about the multiplicity of identities of the researcher. She problematizes the "we" in the literature of qualitative researchers who analyze their race, class and gender privileges. Villenas challenges dominate-culture education ethnographers to move beyond the researcher-as-co...
Neuroepigenetic Regulation of Pathogenic Memories

Abstract Our unique collection of memories determines our individuality and shapes our future interactions with the world. Remarkable advances into the neurobiological basis of memory have identified key epigenetic mechanisms that support the stability of memory. Various forms of epigenetic regulation at the levels of DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs can modulate transcriptional and translational events required for memory processes. By changing the cellular profile in the brain’s emotional, reward, and memory circuits, these epigenetic modifications have also been linked to perseverant, pathogenic memories. In this review, we will delve into the relevance of epigenetic dysregulation to pathogenic memory mechanisms by focusing on 2 neuropsychiatric disorders perpetuated by aberrant memory associations: substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. As our understanding improves, neuroepigenetic mechanisms may someday be harnessed to develop novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of these chronic, relapsing disorders.
Direct-coupled high-Tc thin film SQUIDs using step-edge weak-link junctions

Abstract Direct-coupled single-layer thin film SQUID magnetometers are the most reproducible high- T c magnetometers fabricated to-date. They also serve as a good model for early identification of critical device and fabrication needs for system applications. A step-edge weak-link junction is a single-layer junction technology that allows easy lithographic definition of device position. In this article we discuss the basic technologies involved in the fabrication of single-layer SQUID devices, as well as some issues in operating such SQUIDs in an ambient, unshielded environment.
Estimation of Diffusive Transport of Turbulent Kinetic Energy from Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Data

The analysis of turbulent mixing has historically relied upon either indirect estimates of turbulent mixing, such as the gradient Richardson number, or measurements of small-scale shear to define turbulent dissipation rates. Recent advances in instrumentation and analysis, however, have permitted the analysis of turbulence using characteristics of large-scale motions, specifically Reynolds stresses, shear production, and turbulent kinetic energy itself. In this paper, an analysis technique for use with acoustic Doppler current profiler data is presented that uses the third moments of the velocity measurements to estimate the nonlocal diffusive transport of the turbulent kinetic energy. Following the development of this analysis, a formal error analysis is presented to quantify the uncertainty associated with these estimates. Finally, the analysis is demonstrated using a dataset collected in San Francisco Bay. The results are consistent with both the expected structure of the transport terms and other measurements of the diffusive flux collected simultaneously. It is concluded that the analysis technique provides a reasonable estimate of the turbulent transport term in the turbulent kinetic energy equation, but requires care in the application due to the large uncertainty associated with the estimate.
Functional Impairment of Bone Formation in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis: The Bone Marrow Regenerative Competence

The skeleton is a high-renewal organ that undergoes ongoing cycles of remodeling. The regenerative bone formation arm ultimately declines in the aging, postmenopausal skeleton, but current therapies do not adequately address this deficit. Bone marrow is the primary source of the skeletal anabolic response and the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which give rise to bone matrix-producing osteoblasts. The identity of these stem cells is emerging, but it now appears that the term ‘MSC’ has often been misapplied to the bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC), a progeny of the MSC. Nevertheless, the changes in BMSC phenotype associated with age and estrogen depletion likely contribute to the attenuated regenerative competence of the marrow and may reflect alterations in MSC phenotype. Here we summarize current concepts in bone marrow MSC identity, and within this context, review recent observations on changes in bone marrow population dynamics associated with aging and menopause.
Rheumatoid arthritis patients' perceptions of mutuality in conversations with spouses/partners and their links with psychological and physical health.

Objective Mutuality, measured as subjects' perceptions of responsiveness in conversations with their spouse/partners, is linked with women's psychological health. Our objectives were to examine physical and psychological health outcomes of married/partnered patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in relation to their perceptions of their own responsiveness (self-mutuality), their partner's responsiveness (partner-mutuality), and combined responsiveness (overall mutuality), and to examine potential sex differences in the links between mutuality and depressive symptoms. Methods Symptoms of depression and anxiety, physical disability, and arthritis impact reported by RA patients were examined in correlation matrices with their perceptions of overall mutuality, partner-mutuality, and self-mutuality in conversations with spouses/partners in the whole sample (n = 148) and separately for men (n = 34) and women (n = 114). Sex moderation of the links between mutuality and depression was tested in hierarchical regressions. Results In the whole sample and among women, all mutuality measures had significant inverse correlations with all health outcomes. In men, physical disability was unrelated to mutuality measures, but otherwise correlations approximated those in the whole sample and for women. Sex (being female) interacted with self-mutuality, but not overall or partner-mutuality, in predicting fewer depressive symptoms. Conclusion RA patients' perceptions of mutuality in conversations with spouses/partners predicted better health across a spectrum of outcomes. Overall mutuality and partner-mutuality predicted fewer depressive symptoms for both men and women, but self-mutuality appeared more important for women than for men. The clinical relevance of findings and their implications for behavioral interventions with RA patients are discussed.
Efficient extraction of equivalent circuit parameters for interconnect structures based on the Battle-Lemarie scalet in the method of moments

Battle-Lemarie father wavelet is used as a basis function in the method of moments (MoM) for solving interconnect and packaging problems and extracting circuit parameters needed in signal integrity. As the Battle-Lemarie father wavelet or scalet is continuous, symmetric, and much more smooth compared with other wavelets like Franklin, Daubechies, and Coifman wavelets, it is more suitable as a basis function in the MoM for the electromagnetic modeling and simulation of interconnect structures because the unknown functions are involved in derivative operators in the integral equations. Also, the Battle-Lemarie scalet is easier to construct and implement compared with multiwavelets, which are also continuous and smooth; hence, it requires less computational costs. The numerical examples for the circuit parameter extraction of single trapezoidal interconnect and asymmetric dual interconnects are presented to demonstrate the robustness of the scheme. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed resource discovery and structured data searching with Chesire II

This demonstration will show describe the construction and application of Cross-Domain Information Servers using features of the standard Z39.50 information retrieval protocol[Z39.50]. The system is currently being used to build and search distributed indexes for databases with disparate structured data (SGML and XML). We use the Z39.50 Explain Database to determine the databases and indexes of a given server, then use the Z39.50 SCAN facility to extract the contents of the indexes. This information is used to build collection documents that can be retrieved using probabilistic retrieval algorithms.
Blue-copper proteins: nuclear magnetic resonance investigations

A. Introduction . . 110 (i) Properties of blue-c~pper p&t&s _ 1 1 1 1 1 :* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ 110 (ii) Chemical and physical studies _ _ . _ _ . . _ _ . . . _ . . . 110 (iii) NMR studies . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 B. Plastocyanins . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 (i) Proton NMR spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 (ii) Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy . . . . . . . _ . . . _ . . . . 116 (iii) Histidine residue pH-titration curves . . (iv) Conformationai differences between oxidized andreduced~pla&cyax&s f 119 : 120 C.Azurins. . . . 122 (i) Proton NMR~pe&roscbpy : : : : : : : : 1 1 : : : : : : . 122 (ii) Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 (iii) Distances of protein groups from the copper . . . . . . _ . . . . 131 (iv) Conformationai heterogeneity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 D. Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . 133 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 References . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . _ _ _ _ . . . _ . 137
Androgen receptor: a key molecule in the progression of prostate cancer to hormone independence

Despite earlier detection and recent advances in surgery and radiation, prostate cancer is second only to lung cancer in male cancer deaths in the United States. Hormone therapy in the form of medical or surgical castration remains the mainstay of systemic treatment in prostate cancer. Over the last 15 years with the clinical use of prostate specific antigen (PSA), there has been a shift to using hormone therapy earlier in the disease course and for longer duration. Despite initial favorable response to hormone therapy, over a period of time these tumors will develop androgen-independence that results in death. The androgen receptor (AR) is central to the initiation and growth of prostate cancer and to its response to hormone therapy. Analyses have shown that AR continues to be expressed in androgen-independent tumors and AR signaling remains intact as demonstrated by the expression of the AR regulated gene, PSA. Androgen-independent prostate cancers have demonstrated a variety of AR alterations that are either not found in hormone naive tumors or found at lower frequency. These changes include AR amplification, AR point mutation, and changes in expression of AR co-regulatory proteins. These AR changes result in a "super AR" that can respond to lower concentrations of androgens or to a wider variety of agonistic ligands. There is also mounting evidence that AR can be activated in a ligand independent fashion by compounds such as growth factors or cytokines working independently or in combination. These growth factors working through receptor tyrosine kinase pathways may promote AR activation and growth in low androgen environments. The clinical significance of these AR alterations in the development and progression of androgen-independent prostate cancer remains to be determined. Understanding the changes in AR signaling in the evolution of androgen-independent prostate cancer will be key to the development of more effective hormone therapy.
Immunologic Monitoring During and After OKT3 Therapy

Immunologic monitoring should be undertaken during and for 6 weeks after OKT3 treatment. CD3 absolute cell determinations should be obtained three times per week during therapy. A progressive increase of the absolute CD3 cell count above 10/μL is suggestive of an inadequate OKT3 serum level, most often due to an early antimurine response. Weekly posttherapy antimurine response should be determined. The presence or absence of an antimurine response can be suggestive of a successful response to a second therapeutic course of OKT3.
Public Schools, Religious Establishments, and the U.S. Supreme Court An Examination of Policy Compliance

The issue of devotional activity in the public schools has long been a staple of the U.S. Supreme Court's agenda, but knowledge of the local implementation of school prayer policy remains limited t...
Focused versus screening CT scans for evaluation of nontraumatic abdominal pain in the emergency department

Objective To evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT) scans in patients with abdominal pain in the emergency department. We compared focused scans (having a single diagnosis in mind) and screening scans (having no diagnosis or more than one diagnosis in mind) with the hypothesis that focused scans will reveal pathology more often than screening scans. Treatment plans and patient outcomes were also compared between the two populations. Methods This is a prospective study in which 100 patients who presented to an academic medical center with abdominal pain and underwent an abdominal CT were enrolled in the study. A chart review was later completed to gather ultimate outcome data for each of the enrolled subjects. Results Of the 61 patients having a focused CT, pathology was identified on 63.9% of the scans, which did not differ significantly from the 65.4% of scans that revealed pathology in the screening group. In the focused group, anticipated admissions were reduced, but the reduction was not significant. The screening group did show a significant difference, with eight fewer patients being admitted than initially planned. The total number of patients deemed to require admission was significantly reduced by 15% following all CT scans. Conclusion While there was no difference between the focused and screening groups in the rate of identifying pathology, there was a significant decline in number of patients requiring admission to the hospital in the "screening" CT group (when comparing emergency physicians' pre- and post-CT treatment plans).
A conservative discretization of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations on adaptive Cartesian grids

In this paper we present a novel hybrid finite-difference/finite-volume method for the numerical solution of the nonlinear Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations on irregular domains. The method is described in two spatial dimensions but can be extended to three dimensional problems as well. The boundary of the irregular domain is represented implicitly via the zero level set of a signed distance function and quadtree data structures are used to systematically generate adaptive grids needed to accurately capture the electric double layer near the boundary. To handle the nonlinearity in the PNP equations efficiently, a semi-implicit time integration method is utilized. An important feature of our method is that total number of ions in the system is conserved by carefully imposing the boundary conditions, by utilizing a conservative discretization of the diffusive and, more importantly, the nonlinear migrative flux term. Several numerical experiments are conducted which illustrate that the presented method is first-order accurate in time and second-order accurate in space. Moreover, these tests explicitly indicate that the algorithm is also conservative. Finally we illustrate the applicability of our method in the study of the charging dynamics of porous supercapacitors.
Dinuclear Co(II)Co(III) Mixed-Valence and Co(III)Co(III) Complexes with N- and O-Donor Ligands: Characterization and Water Oxidation Studies

The tridentate ligand N-methyl-N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (L) has been employed to synthesize a dinuclear Co(II)Co(III) mixed-valence complex containing μ-methoxo and μ-carboxylato bridging ligands, [LCoII(μ-carboxylato)bis(μ-methoxo)CoIIIL](ClO4)2. In this complex, the two pseudo-octahedral Co centers have an identical ligand environment, yet the average Co–N and Co–O bond distances at the two Co ions differ significantly. Electrochemical, spectroscopic, and magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm that it belongs to a localized Class II mixed-valence system, despite the presence of a short Co···Co distance of 3.021 A. Oxidation of this Co(II)Co(III) complex leads to formation of the corresponding Co(III)Co(III) complex that was characterized structurally and spectroscopically. In addition, dinuclear and trinuclear μ-hydroxo Co(III) complexes have been obtained in the presence of phosphate anions and absence of methanol, respectively, suggesting that an additional bridging ligand is needed to stab...
Epidemiologic research in an integrated regional medical care system: The Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area

To capitalize on Marshfield Clinic's advantages for population-based health research, we developed the Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area (MESA). Marshfield Clinic is an integrated system consisting of a large multispecialty clinic and 23 affiliated clinics. Clinic physicians provide virtually all of the medical care, both inpatient and outpatient, for residents of the area. MESA consists of 14 ZIP codes in which over 95% of the 50,000 residents and most significant health events are captured in Marshfield Clinic databases, including all deaths, 94% of hospital discharges, and 92% of medical outpatient visits. MESA exemplifies the research potential of integrated medical care systems and the efforts required to realize that potential. Because it is representative of a defined population and provides an unselected sample of patients, MESA is well suited for epidemiologic research and research elucidating the clinical spectrum and natural history of diseases and the effectiveness of treatment.
Laminar Flow Gas Turbine Regenerators—The Influence of Manufacturing Tolerances

Several current designs for high effectiveness gas turbine regenerators involve low Reynolds number fully developed, laminar flow type surfaces. Such surfaces consist of cylindrical flow passages, of small hydraulic radius, in parallel. The cylinder geometry may, as examples, be triangular, as in some glass-ceramic surfaces, or rectangular, as in deepfold metal foil surfaces. This presentation demonstrates that manufacturing tolerances of several thousandths of an in. in passage dimension have a significant influence on the overall heat transfer and flow friction behavior. The analysis is also useful in rationalizing the difference between theory and test results for the basic heat transfer (j factor) and friction (f factor) characteristics as a function of Reynolds number for various surfaces of the laminar flow type.
11.5 GHz modulation bandwidth p-substrate GaInAsP buried crescent laser with high output power

Low threshold (Ith ≃20mA) 1.3μm GaInAsP p-substrate buried crescent lasers with output powers in excess of 30 mW/facet have been modulated into the X-band at 24°C. The chip capacitance deduced from scattering parameter (S11) measurements was as low as 3pF. A 3dB direct modulation bandwidth of ~11.5 GHz has been observed at a bias current equal to 5Ith.
Using computational fluid dynamics modeling to improve the performance of a solar CO2 converter

A solar collector to convert CO2 to CO at high temperature was previously developed, achieving a product with 4−6 mol % CO from pure CO2. Modeling results showed that reactions occurred in the ther...
Efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as first line treatment for malaria declining in Malawi

Summary Question After 10 years as the first-line antimalarial drug, has sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine retained efficacy in Malawi? Study design Prospective cohort study. Main results Outcomes measured at 14 days: over 5 years, adequate clinical response rates remained above 80% but parasitological responses significantly decreased (see Results table). Outcomes measured at 28 days: adequate clinical response rates decreased over 5 years (73% to 60%). Parasitological response rates also declined. Authors’ Conclusions The rates of parasite clearance declined during the study, suggesting that other treatments should be investigated.
EXAMINING THE STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEDULE OF SEXIST EVENTS: REPLICATION AND EXTENSION

The current study reexamined the factor structure of the Lifetime and Recent scales of the Schedule of Sexist Events (SSE; Klonoff & Landrine, 1995) and conducted the first factor analysis of the S...
GPS2/KDM4A Pioneering Activity Regulates Promoter-Specific Recruitment of PPARγ

Timely and selective recruitment of transcription factors to their appropriate DNA-binding sites represents a critical step in regulating gene activation; however, the regulatory strategies underlying each factor's effective recruitment to specific promoter and/or enhancer regions are not fully understood. Here, we identify an unexpected regulatory mechanism by which promoter-specific binding, and therefore function, of peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor γ (PPARγ) in adipocytes requires G protein suppressor 2 (GPS2) to prime the local chromatin environment via inhibition of the ubiquitin ligase RNF8 and stabilization of the H3K9 histone demethylase KDM4A/JMJD2. Integration of genome-wide profiling data indicates that the pioneering activity of GPS2/KDM4A is required for PPARγ-mediated regulation of a specific transcriptional program, including the lipolytic enzymes adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Hence, our findings reveal that GPS2 exerts a biologically important function in adipose tissue lipid mobilization by directly regulating ubiquitin signaling and indirectly modulating chromatin remodeling to prime selected genes for activation.
Physical Competence and Peer Relations in 2nd-Graders: Qualitative Case Studies from Recess Play

Abstract This study considered the impact of physical competence on the peer relations of eight 2nd-grade children with high or low motor skills. Primary data consisted of documented observations of their play behaviors during recess. Secondary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the subjects, their classmates, and their teachers. Grounded theory procedures, as described by Strauss and Corbin (1990), were used in data analysis. The play behaviors, uses of physical competence, social standing and interactions with others of the subjects with high physical competence (HPC) and those with low physical competence (LPC) were compared. Results indicated that each subject's level of motor competence had social as well as physical consequences. Because their physical skills enabled them to engage in more diverse forms of play, HPC subjects appeared to have more opportunities to develop social knowledge than did subjects with LPC. A theoretical model illustrates the means through which phys...
Direct relationship between intermolecular charge-transfer and charge-resonance complexes via structural changes in the arene donor with various π-acceptors

Aromatic donors (D) spontaneously form a series of colored intermolecular charge-resonance (CR) complexes with their cation radicals (D+˙) as well as charge-transfer (CT) complexes with various π-acceptors (A). Spectroscopic changes during the formation of these CR and CT complexes are both included in a single Mulliken plot of ECR,CTversus E°ox − E°red. Precise X-ray crystallographic studies now reveal almost identical structural features of the CR and CT complexes, especially with a prototypical strong electron donor such as octamethylbiphenylene (OMB). Whereas most weaker donors do not show perceptible alterations of their molecular geometry during complex formation, OMB exhibits pronounced bond elongation/contraction of almost 2 pm both in its CT complexes with strong acceptors (TCNE and TCNQ) and in its CR complex (OMB2)+˙. In both cases, the structural changes lie midway between geometries of the neutral OMB donor and its fully oxidized cation radical OMB+˙. The CT and CR complexes of OMB in the solid state also show similar crystal packing features that maintain interplanar separations as short as 3.1–3.2 A with significant distortion (∼6°) from planar molecular geometry. Together with the similar values of KCR = 350 M−1 and KEDA = 440–490 M−1, we acknowledge the common nature of the CT and CR complexes through an orbital consideration (Chart 1) that recognizes the antibonding component in CR complex formation.
Children's use of gender and order-of-mention during pronoun comprehension

Two experiments were conducted to examine the on-line processing mechanisms used by young children to comprehend pronouns. The work focuses on their use of two highly relevant sources of information: (1) the gender and number features carried by English pronouns, and (2) the differing accessibility of discourse entities, as influenced by order-of-mention in a clause. Adults use both evidential sources, as early as 200 ms after the offset of the pronoun (Arnold, Eisenband, Brown-Schmidt, & Trueswell, 2000). We find that like adults, 3–5-year-old children use a pronoun's gender to guide their choice of a referent, and that they use it rapidly on-line. But unlike adults, they show little or no signs of a first-mentioned bias, either off-line or on-line. This is consistent with a tendency for children to initially recruit reliable sources of constraint for language comprehension – in this case, the gender of the pronoun.
Influence of severe drought conditions on chromophoric dissolved organic matter dynamics in south Texas coastal waters

Abstract We investigated chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) dynamics in response to the severe drought conditions of 2009 in the Aransas–Copano (AC) Bay complex and adjacent nearshore Gulf of Mexico (GoM) along the southern Texas (USA) coast. Surface water absorption coefficients ( a 305 in m −1 ) were measured daily at the University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute (UTMSI) pier located at the interface between the AC complex and the GoM. From June to August 2009, a 305 averaged 0.81 ± 0.31 m −1 compared to 1.20 ± 0.70 m −1 during summer of 2008 (June–August) and 1.84 ± 0.34 m −1 during summer 2007 (non-drought year). Despite negligible freshwater input to the AC system for most of 2009, mean a 305 values for AC Bay sites were similar in 2008 and 2009, ranging from 3.24 ± 0.60 m −1 in the lower estuary to 6.22 ± 0.55 m −1 in the upper estuary during summer 2009, and 3.15 ± 0.38 m −1 to 6.81 ± 0.73 m −1 during summer 2008 (no data for 2007). CDOM photobleaching experiments were performed using a SunTest XLS + solar simulator with an irradiation spectrum that closely matches solar UV at subtropical latitudes. AC Bay samples exhibited a 305 photobleaching half-lives of 33–48 h, while GoM samples exhibited a 305 photobleaching half-lives of 36–89 h. We estimate that summertime photobleaching may reduce CDOM levels by >50% in the AC bay complex before discharge into the GoM and by up to 25% more throughout the nearshore waters along the western GoM shelf.
Hierarchical video caching in wireless cloud: Approaches and algorithms

We had introduced video caching techniques in the Radio Access Network (RAN) in [1] as a way to reduce the need to bring requested videos from Internet CDNs, thus reducing overall backhaul traffic, improving video quality of experience and increasing network capacity to support more simultaneous video requests. In this paper, we investigate supplementing the resulting wireless cloud with a hierarchical caching scheme, where the gateways in the Core Network (CN) also have video caches. The hierarchical caching approach further improves network capacity by enabling multiple cell sites to share caches at higher levels of the hierarchy, thereby improving overall cache hit ratio, without increasing the total cache size used. In addition, we exploit hierarchical caching to better accommodate mobility, so that when a user with an active video session moves from one cell to a neighboring cell, it is likely that the video currently being downloaded is already in a cache within the RAN or CN network associated with the new cell. To achieve the goal of improving capacity and supporting mobility, we extend our User Preference Profile (UPP) based caching policies [1] to accommodate the hierarchical caching structure introduced in this paper. For all the videos that miss the cache in any layer of hierarchy, we propose a scheduling approach to allocate RAN and CN backhaul resources judiciously so as to maximize the capacity of the wireless network. We extend our discrete event statistical simulation framework developed in [1] to study the performance of the proposed hierarchical caching approach. Our simulation results show that using hierarchical caching can enhance cache hit ratio by 24% and network capacity by up to 45% compared to caching only in the RAN. Significant capacity gains are also observed when additionally considering user mobility.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 185

The available nuclear structure information for all nuclei with mass number A = 185 is presented. Experimental data and their evaluation; comparison with theory, where possible; and arguments for spin, parity, and Nilsson-state assignments are given. Inconsistencies and discrepancies are indicated.