cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Computer Performance Analysis With Mathematica

Capacity Planning. Understanding the Current Environment. Setting Performance Objectives. Prediction of Future Workload. Evaluation of Future Configurations. Validation. The Ongoing Management Process. Performance Management Tools. Organizations and Journals for Performance Analysis. Components of Computer Performance: Central Processing Units. The Memory Hierarchy. Input Output. Basic Calculations: Model Definitions, Single Workload Class Models. Multiple Workloads Models. Basic Queueing Network Theory. Queue discipline. Queueing Network Performance. Queueing Network Laws. Little's Law. Utilization Law . Response Time Law. Forced Flow Law. Bounds and Bottlenecks. Bounds for Single Class Networks. Modeling Study Paradigm. Advantages of Queueing Theory Models. Analytic Solution Methods: Analytic Queueing Theory Network Models. Single Class Models. Multiclass Models. Priority Queueing Systems. Modeling Main Computer Memory. Model Parameterization: Measurement Tools. Model Parameterization. The Modeling Paradigm. Calculating the Parameters. Simulation and Benchmarking: Introduction to Simulation. Writing a Simulator. Simulation Languages. Simulation Summary. Benchmarking. Forecasting: NFU Time Series Forecasting. Afterward.
The Primary Structure of Porcine Pancreatic Ribonuclease III. THE DISULFIDE BONDS

Abstract Porcine pancreatic ribonuclease contains 8 half-cystine residues located at the same positions in the 124-amino acid residue sequence as in the bovine enzyme. To determine the disposition of the disulfide bonds, the enzyme was subjected to a preliminary proteolysis with pepsin in 5% formic acid and subsequently to the simultaneous action of trypsin and chymotrypsin at pH 6.5. As judged by gel filtration over Sephadex G-25, only negligible quantities of cystine were present in the glycopeptide fraction. Three major cystine-containing fractions obtained by gel filtration were each subjected to fractionation and analysis by zone electrophoresis on paper. They contained five principal cystine peptides. The amino acid compositions of the cysteic acid peptides derived by oxidation of these cystine peptides, together with appropriate sequence analyses, showed that disulfide bonds link half-cystines I–VI, II–VII, III–VIII, and IV–V in the parent molecule.
RFIC packaging and test: How will we cut costs?

The current state of the art and trends in packaging and engineering and production testing of RFICs are surveyed. Existing and new strategies for long-range improvements in RFIC packaging and testing costs are compared. Increasing integration levels, chip-scale packaging, earlier testing, and parallel testing will be future themes in RFIC assembly and test.
On the structure of H ∞ controllers

Recently developed two-Riccati solutions to the H∞-optimal control problem are considered. Two equivalent controller struct are shown to result from solution of two dual control problems. Separation arguments reminiscent of the typical LQG controlle form are used to demonstrate that the underlying estimation problem of H∞ control is plant state reconstruction. Unlike the H2 case, these H∞-optimal controllers additionally require estimation of either the plant exogenous input or its controlled output based on the current plant state estimate. The subsequent discussion establishes a parallel between the H2 and H∞ approaches.
Multi-way Space Partitioning Trees

In this paper, we introduce a new data structure, the multi-way space partitioning (MSP) tree similar in nature to the standard binary space partitioning (BSP) tree. Unlike the super-linear space requirement for BSP trees, we show that for any set of disjoint line segments in the plane there exists a linear-size MSP tree completely partitioning the set. Since our structure is a deviation from the standard BSP tree construction, we also describe an application of our algorithm. We prove that the well-known Painter’s algorithm can be adapted quite easily to use our structure to run in O(n) time. More importantly, the constant factor behind our tree size is extremely small, having size less than 4n.
Amniotic fluid β-endorphin and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone immunoreactivity in normal and complicated pregnancies

Abstract β-Endorphin (β-EP) and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) are members of a family of peptides which are found in the intermediate lobe of the fetal pituitary gland and placenta. In the present study, concentrations of immunoreactive β-EP (iβ-EP) and α-MSH were determined by radioimmunoassay in the amniotic fluid compartment of both normal (n = 72) and complicated (n = 44) pregnancies. In normal pregnancies, there was a significant (p
Properties of Interfaces and Transport across Them

Much of the biological activity in cell cytoplasm occurs in compartments some of which may be formed, as suggested in this book, by phase separation, and many of the functions of such compartments depend on the transport or exchange of molecules across interfaces. Thus, a fundamentally based discussion of the properties of phases, interfaces, and diffusive transport across interfaces has been given to further elucidate these phenomena. An operational criterion for the width of interfaces is given in terms of molecular and physical arguments, and the properties of molecules inside phases and interfaces are discussed in terms of molecular arguments. In general, the properties of the interface become important when the molecules diffusing across are smaller than the width of the interface. Equilibrium partitioning, Donnan phenomena, and electrochemical potentials at interfaces are also discussed in detail. The mathematical expressions for modeling transport across interfaces are discussed in detail. These describe a practical and detailed model for transport across interfaces. For molecules smaller than the width of the interface, this includes a detailed model for diffusion inside the interface. Last, the question of the time scale for phase formation and equilibration in biological systems is discussed.
Judicial Behavior Behind Mask and Shield: Modeling the European Court of Justice

The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has fostered the development of a common European legal order, and in doing so, has asserted itself and its supremacy more, and more successfully, than any other international court. It has maintained features of international courts such as its composition of one judge per member state, while employing other tools of national high courts such as en banc decisions and organization into chambers, that together hide internal dissent and shield the ECJ from direct monitoring or curbing by the member states. The same shield has frustrated efforts to quantify the court's responsiveness to member states, with limited evidence that the ECJ yields to some member-state interest some of the time, but nonetheless has advanced integration beyond national governments' wishes. This equivocation arises at least in part from a failure to include relevant information about the court's composition and organization.In fact, the six-year renewable terms of judges, their previous qualifications and affiliations, and the internal organization into chambers all provide prior information that can and should be incorporated into a more complete model of judicial behavior. I develop an extension of the well-studied item-response model to infer judges' preferences, using the structured ecological data from the cases they heard and relevant prior information about judges and the national governments that appoint them as well as information about cases. I offer new, more rigorous tests for existing theoretical hypotheses about the ECJ's deference to certain actors and preference for integration. The model is applicable to other settings of structured ecological data. Many other national and international courts hear cases in subset chambers, and relevant prior information should be included rather than ignored in models of judicial behavior.
Edge results for robust stabilization of interval plants with generalized compensators

It has recently been shown that stabilizing an interval plant family with a first-order compensator is equivalent to only sixteen of the extreme plants. In the present work, an attempt is made to extend this result to that with generalized compensators. It is shown that a generalized compensator robustly stabilizes an interval plant family if and only if it stabilizes thirty-two one-dimensional edges connecting extreme points of the given interval plant. When the variation of the coefficients is limited to denominator (or numerator), the number of edges to the checked will reduce to eight. >
Rotated stack‐of‐spirals partial acquisition for rapid volumetric parallel MRI

Purpose We present a volumetric sampling method that rotates the spiral interleaves of a stack of spirals (SOSP) trajectory for reduced aliasing artifacts using parallel imaging with undersampling. Methods The aliasing pattern in an undersampled SOSP acquisition was modified by consecutively rotating spiral interleaves in each phase-encoding plane. This allows a sampling scheme with a high reduction factor when using a volumetric multireceiver array. Phantom and in vivo brain images at a resolution of 1 × 1 × 2 mm3 were acquired at 3T using a 32-channel coil. Images reconstructed with a reduction factor of 16 were compared for aliasing artifacts and geometry factor (g-factor). Results Phantom and in vivo brain image results revealed that the rotated SOSP acquisition with a reduction factor of 16 produces images with reduced aliasing and lower g-factors than images acquired without rotation. Conclusion The proposed rotated SOSP sampling method is a highly efficient way to maximize the encoding power of volumetric receiver arrays in parallel imaging and is applicable to rapid volumetric scanning, including susceptibility-weighted imaging and functional MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Newborn Screening by Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Gaining Experience

Major expansion of newborn screening for inherited metabolic disorders is taking place across the US and around the world as newer analytical technology is applied. Historically, each disorder to be screened required a separate test with associated costs and requirement for a portion of the dried-blood-spot specimen from a heel stick. This limitation of the existing tests was partially responsible for the limitation of mandated newborn screening in the US to a small number of disorders (usually three to seven, depending on the state). The technique of tandem mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of dried-blood spots was first proposed for newborn screening in 1990 by Millington et al. (1). Using ionization techniques of fast atom bombardment or liquid secondary ionization with tandem MS, they simultaneously determined a large number of acylcarnitines as an acylcarnitine profile. This allowed newborn screening for numerous inherited fatty acid oxidation and organic acid disorders by a single procedure. Tandem MS was extended to amino acids, including phenylalanine, the screening target for detection of the phenylketonuria (PKU) test (2)(3)(4), and to other disorders, with several such tests described in these pages during the last 8 years (3)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The development and application of electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem MS with its ability to be automated made high-volume tandem MS screening for amino acid, organic acid, and fatty acid metabolic disorders practical by the mid-1990s (10)(11)(12). Automated ESI tandem MS newborn screening of amino acids …
Abrupt pre-Bølling–Allerød warming and circulation changes in the deep ocean

Several large and rapid changes in atmospheric temperature and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere—probably linked to changes in deep ocean circulation—occurred during the last deglaciation. The abrupt temperature rise in the Northern Hemisphere and the restart of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at the start of the Bolling–Allerod interstadial, 14,700 years ago, are among the most dramatic deglacial events, but their underlying physical causes are not known. Here we show that the release of heat from warm waters in the deep North Atlantic Ocean probably triggered the Bolling–Allerod warming and reinvigoration of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Our results are based on coupled radiocarbon and uranium-series dates, along with clumped isotope temperature estimates, from water column profiles of fossil deep-sea corals in a limited area of the western North Atlantic. We find that during Heinrich stadial 1 (the cool period immediately before the Bolling–Allerod interstadial), the deep ocean was about three degrees Celsius warmer than shallower waters above. This reversal of the ocean’s usual thermal stratification pre-dates the Bolling–Allerod warming and must have been associated with increased salinity at depth to preserve the static stability of the water column. The depleted radiocarbon content of the warm and salty water mass implies a long-term disconnect from rapid surface exchanges, and, although uncertainties remain, is most consistent with a Southern Ocean source. The Heinrich stadial 1 ocean profile is distinct from the modern water column, that for the Last Glacial Maximum and that for the Younger Dryas, suggesting that the patterns we observe are a unique feature of the deglacial climate system. Our observations indicate that the deep ocean influenced dramatic Northern Hemisphere warming by storing heat at depth that preconditioned the system for a subsequent abrupt overturning event during the Bolling–Allerod interstadial.
The Effect of Increasing Transportation Cost Upon Urban Spatial Structure: An Analysis Using the Graphical Consumption Theory of Land Rent

(1982). The Effect of Increasing Transportation Cost Upon Urban Spatial Structure: An Analysis Using the Graphical Consumption Theory of Land Rent. Urban Geography: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 121-141.
Estren Behaves as a Weak Estrogen Rather than a Nongenomic Selective Activator in the Mouse Uterus

A proposed membrane-mediated mechanism of rapid nongenomic response to estrogen has been the intense focus of recent research. Estren, a synthetic steroid, is reported to act selectively through a rapid membrane-mediated pathway, rather than through the classical nuclear estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated pathway, to maintain bone density in ovariectomized mice without uterotropic effects. To evaluate the mechanism and physiological effects of estren, we studied responses in adult ovariectomized mice. In a 3-d uterine bioassay, we found that 300 μg estren significantly increased uterine weight; in comparison, a more maximal response was seen with 1 μg estradiol (E2). The estren response was partly ERα independent, because ERα knockout (αERKO) uteri also exhibited a more moderate weight increase. Estren induced epithelial cell proliferation in wild-type, but not αERKO, mice, indicating ERα dependence of the epithelial growth response. Examination of estren-regulated uterine genes by microarray indicated that ...
Metabolic checkpoints in activated T cells

The immunological process of clonal selection requires a rapid burst in lymphocyte proliferation, and this involves a metabolic shift to provide energy and the building blocks of new cells. After activation, naive and memory T cells switch from the oxidation of free fatty acids to glycolysis and glutaminolysis to meet these demands. Beyond this, however, the availability of specific metabolites and the pathways that process them interconnect with signaling events in the cell to influence cell cycle, differentiation, cell death and immunological function. Here we define 'metabolic checkpoints' that represent such interconnections and provide examples of how these checkpoints sense metabolic status and transduce signals to affect T lymphocyte responses.
Pseudomorphic Structure at the Interface of Ge on Si(111) Studied by High-Energy-Ion Scattering

Megaelectronvolt ion scattering is applied to a study of the initial stage of heteroepitaxy of the Ge/Si(111) system and it is shown that the interface is uniform and pseudomorphic at first, after which island formation takes place and strains are introduced at the interface. This change occurs after deposition of a threshold film thickness of \ensuremath{\sim} 3 monolayers. More than 10 monolayers are distorted at the interface after deposition of about 30 monolayers of germanium.
Relationship Between Knee Mechanics and Time Since Injury in ACL-Deficient Knees Without Signs of Osteoarthritis

Background:There is increasing evidence that kinematic changes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury can influence the risk for premature osteoarthritis. However, kinematics can change over time, and the factors influencing those changes remain unknown but potentially important.Hypothesis/Purpose:The purpose of this study was to perform gait analysis on a population of ACL-deficient (ACLD) subjects without knee osteoarthritis after considerable time had elapsed since their injuries. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) ACLD knees will have greater anterior femoral translation, external femoral rotation, and flexion moment as compared with healthy contralateral knees with increased time since injury; (2) side-to-side differences in anterior femoral translation and external femoral rotation are positively associated with side-to-side differences in knee flexion moment.Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Nineteen subjects with unilateral ACLD (time since injury, 1-38...
Oxygen and carbon isotope measurements of land snail shell carbonate

δ13C and δ18O analyses have been performed on the aragonite shells of a variety of modern land snails from a number of different geographic and climatic locales. The δ18O values of the waters assumed to be in isotopic equilibrium with the shell carbonate were calculated. These calculated δ18O values are more positive than the δ18O values of the average meteoric waters in the locales in which the snails lived. The 18O enrichment appears to be linearly related to the reciprocal of the local relative humidity, which is consistent with the notion that these ambient waters have undergone isotopic steady-state evaporation. Measurements of the δ18O values of ancient land snail shells from the excavation of Sudden Shelter (42SV6) at Ivie Creek, Utah, suggest that the climate at this site was probably warmer and/or drier around 7100–7800 BP than at present.
Spectral perception in Octopus: a behavioral study.

Abstract A single octopus (O. apollyon: Berry, 1912) was kept in a 20 gal seawater tank at 15°C. The presence or absence of color vision was examined by the use of lights differing in wavelength as training stimuli. Positive stimulation consisted of a 580-nm light, shocking stick and crab hung by a string. A negative stimulation consisted of the same material except a 480-nm light replaced the 580-nm light, and a shock was administered when the crab was taken. The results of these tests were compared quantitatively and qualitatively with the results of shape discrimination training experiments. On the basis of these comparisons, it was concluded that this octopus lacks color vision.
The ultraviolet photoelectron spectra of aliphatic and aromatic isonitriles

Abstract The He(I) photoelectron spectra of n -butyl isocyanide, cyclohexyl isocyanide, phenyl isocyanide, benzyl isocyanide and D-1-phenylethyl isocyanide h
Electric field enhanced deposition in flame-synthesized materials manufacturing

Abstract Theoretical and experimental studies of electric field enhanced deposition of flame-synthesized silica onto a disk target were carried out in relation to applications in optical waveguide preform manufacturing. The deposition method utilized an imposed electric field to induce a charge on the particle and cause electrophoretic drift in addition to thermophoretic drift towards the deposition target. An analytical model utilizing an axisymmetric, viscous stagnation-point flow analysis was developed. From the model calculations, the overall thermophoretic deposition rate (mass/time) onto the target was found to be proportional to the target size to the power of 3 2 . In the presence of an applied electric field the model calculation results showed that for a constant particle density and a constant particle charge the overall deposition rate increased as the strength of the applied electric field increased. The results also showed that for a constant particle density and a constant applied potential the deposition rate increased as the degree of particle charging increased. To confirm the analytical results, experiments were carried out. After preliminary experiments to establish optimal conditions for deposition measurements, silica deposition rates onto targets were measured both in the absence and in the presence of applied electric fields. The experimental results for thermophoretic deposition were found to be within 12% with respect to the deposition rates predicted by the model. When a potential of −1.6 kV was applied to the 9 cm target, for particle average charge of 2.78e (e: electronic charge) the deposition rate (0.28 g min−1) was increased by approximately 35% compared to the thermophoretic deposition rate (0.2 g min−1). Related to the deposition measurements, interesting aspects of silica charging mechanisms were discussed.
Absence of Cosmic γ-ray Bursts in Association with Normal Stellar Flares

The OSO-3 X-ray telescope provided extensive observations of cosmic X-ray sources between March 1967 and June 1968 (refs 1 and 2). We report here a search of OSO-3 data during times of known optical stellar flares for γ-ray bursts similar to those reported by Klebesadel et al.3 Table 1 shows the number of flares and the range of observation times for each flare star.
Interleukin-8 Induces Proliferation of Endometrial Stromal Cells: a Potential Autocrine Growth Factor

Proliferation of endometrium is dependent on sex steroid hormones, but specific growth factors are likely to play an important role in regulating this process. A number of cytokines and growth factors are synthesized in the endometrium in response to sex steroid hormones and act to regulate endometrial function. Endometrial cells produce interleukin-8 (IL-8) both in vivo and in vitro. We hypothesized that IL-8, a neutrophil chemoattractant/activating factor and a potent angiogenic agent that has been shown to stimulate growth in other cell types, may directly stimulate proliferation of endometrial cells. We first investigated the effect of IL-8 and mouse antihuman-IL-8 neutralizing antibody on endometrial stromal cell proliferation using both a colorimetric assay and thymidine uptake. We then investigated the modulation of endometrial stromal cell IL-8 production and proliferation by antisense oligonucleotides specific for IL-8. There was a concentration-dependent increase of cell proliferation with IL-8 (2-fold at 1 ng/mL; P < 0.01 between control and concentrations above 0.01 ng/mL) and a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation with anti-IL-8 antibody (to 30% of the control at 1 microg/mL; P < 0.01 between control and concentrations above 0.1 microg/mL). IL-8 antisense oligonucleotide treatment decreased IL-8 production by endometrial stromal cells in culture as well as cell proliferation when it is compared with scrambled (nonsense) oligonucleotide treatment (P < 0.01). Addition of IL-8 (1 ng/mL) reversed the proliferation inhibitory effect of IL-8 antisense oligonucleotides. We propose that IL-8 may act as an autocrine growth factor in the endometrium, and suggest that it may also play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Polysplenia with normally structured hearts

Abstract Polysplenia is known to exist with a constellation of anomalies that exhibit bilateral left-sidedness. Other well-established features of the “left-sided” syndrome include bilateral morphologically left bronchi, lobation bilaterally characteristic of a left lung and interruption of the inferior caval vein with continuation via the azygos vein. These features are commonly associated with the presence of complex congenital heart malformations, 1 and have also been noted to accompany extrahepatic biliary atresia. 2 It has subsequently been argued that multiple spleens (or polysplenia) are not the best indicator of congenital heart disease (most importantly those defects associated with isomerism of the left atrial appendages) because not all patients with such isomerism have multiple spleens. 3 The 10 cases presently reviewed reinforce this opinion, demonstrating that the status of the spleen is an unreliable diagnostic tool with respect to recognizable syndromes of congenital heart malformations. Each case has multiple spleens without either complex congenital heart disease or isomerism of the left atrial appendages.
Effect of Glucagon, Cyclic 3',5'-Andenosine Monophosphate and Its Dibutyryl Derivative on Amino Acid Uptake by the Isolated Perfused Rat Liver

The effects of glucagon and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (and its dibutyryl derivative) on the uptake of amino acid by the isolated perfused rat liver were compared using a nonmetabolizable amino acid analog, α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). Glucagon and the cyclic nucleotides produced similar increases in amino acid uptake, glucose release and urea production by the isolated liver. The increased amino acid uptake resulting from administration of either glucagon or dibutyryl cyclic AMP could be blocked by dihydroergotamine at levels of the blocking agent that did not interfere with enhanced glucose release by the isolated liver. Glucagon is known to increase the concentration of cyclic AMP in the liver. This fact, coupled with the similar effects produced by glucagon and cyclic AMP on hepatic uptake of AIB, supports the postulate that cyclic AMP mediates the increase in the transport of the amino acid into the liver which occurs following glucagon administration.Further corroboration for tliis postul...
USE OF A NOVEL TECHNOLOGY TO TRACK ADHERENCE TO PRODUCT USE IN A MICROBICIDE TRIAL OF SHORT DURATION (MTN-007)

Adherence measurement in microbicide trials is challenging. To decrease recall and social desirability bias, we used an interactive voice response system (IVR) in a rectal microbicide trial. Forty-six participants were asked to report product use daily for 1 week. Participants received an incentive per call plus a bonus for calling every day. We examined adherence to calling the IVR and to gel use; we compared the latter to applicator counts. Adherence to calling the IVR daily was high (mean = 89.9 %, SD = 20.7 %). Adherence to gel use per IVR was very good (mean = 90.7 %, SD = 19.1 %), and consistent with applicator counts in 80.4 % of cases. Neither adherence to calling nor gel use were associated with temporal factors like day calls started, number of days since first call, or weekday vs. weekend. Daily reporting allowed identification of irregular product use. IVR appears useful for daily reporting in brief trials.
Pediatric emergency medicine : current standards of care : results of a national survey

To assess current standards of care in pediatric emergency medicine, a questionnaire was mailed in May 1988 to the medical directors of all existing pediatric emergency medicine fellowship programs. Twenty-three programs (96%) completed this survey, which consisted of questions regarding census, staffing patterns, ancillary services, patient follow-up, and various clinical issues. The major deficiencies in pediatric emergency care identified by this survey concerned patient waiting time, weekend radiology coverage, patient follow-up, feedback to referring physicians, and feedback to emergency department housestaff on hospitalized patients. The data suggest that pediatric EDs associated with fellowship training programs are improving their quality of care, yet room for advancement in many categories remains.
Centaur propellant thermal conditioning system

An upgraded Centaur capability was studied by investigating three main areas: (1) Analytical and experimental investigation of promising capillary pumping concepts for passive cooling of cryogenic capillary acquisition devices resulted in selection, test, and empirical correlation of four wicking configurations. Only plate/screen-screen/plate and plate/screen-plate/screen configurations would function successfully under worst-case Centaur D-1S conditions. Weight estimates were developed for the passively cooled configurations and comparisons were made of passive and actively cooled capillary devices. (2) Thermal subcoolers for replacing pressurization and boost pump systems for three engine candidates and three Centaur D-1S missions were evaluated for several feed system configurations. Analysis included both transient and steady-state operation. Weight comparisons were made among feed system alternatives. (3) Existing experimental mixing studies to destroy thermal stratification were evaluated to determine the best mixing correlation to fit all available data. The correlation was then used to modify a computer program to size thermodynamic vent systems for Shuttle-based Centaur derivatives.
Photolytic Darkening and Electronic Range in AgCl

Photolytic darkening and electron range were investigated for a series of silver chloride crystals cut from a single boule which was grown in vacuum by the Bridgman technique. The effect of annealing atmosphere on both the initial darkening rate and electron range is discussed. Darkening produced by absorption of light in the tail of the fundamental band is shown to have a volume and a surface component. The volume darkening produced in a vacuum-annealed crystal is capable of absorbing but not scattering light. The darkened crystal can be bleached selectively with high efficiency by exposure to light near the peak of the induced absorption band. Difficulty is found with interpreting the results entirely in terms of a classical theory for light absorption by colloidal particles suspended in a dielectric medium. Crystals annealed in air darken quite differently then vacuum-annealed samples and crystals heated in chlorine show little sensitivity to light. Somewhat smaller but regular differences in low-temperature electron range were found for the various crystals heat treated in different annealing atmospheres.
Viscoelastic flow due to penetration: a free boundary value problem

Under the action of a pressure gradient, a solid body B penetrates into another body. Body B is assumed to be of an incompressible, viscoplastic, Bingham material. As a first model, the problem may be treated one-dimensionally in the space variable x as well as the time variable t. By utilizing the Green’s function, the location of the moving boundary s(t), i.e., the boundary between the region of viscoplastic flow and the core, is expressed in terms of an integral equation, the solution of which may then be sought numerically.
Accelerated aminopyrine metabolism in human subjects pretreated with phenylbutazone

Abstract Pretreatment of human subjects for 7 to 11 days with phenylbutazone depresses plasma levels of intravenously administered aminopyrine and elevates those of its metabolite, 4-aminoantipyrine. These results were explained by a stimulatory action of phenybutazone on the metabolism of aminopyrine, an effect which was demonstrated previously in the rat.
Symmetry breaking and stability of binary clusters

Abstract The minimum energy structures, stability, and symmetry breaking of Lennard-Jones binary clusters have been calculated using the pivot method. We found that the cluster dimer displays distinct symmetry breaking and “phase changes” when the interaction between the clusters is different from that within the clusters. The zero temperature phase diagram shows first-order phase transitions between a phase with symmetry of the cluster dimer to phases with symmetry of the giant cluster.
Effect of Stress on the Donor Wave Functions in Germanium

The effect of the corrections to the effective-mass approximation on the stress dependence of the donor wave functions has been re-examined. It is found that not only the relative valley contributions to the ground-state wave function are changed by the stress, but also the individual envelope functions ${F}_{j}(\mathrm{r})$ which originate from the $j$ conduction-band valleys. The stress dependence of the ${F}_{j}(\mathrm{r})$ depends strongly on the value of the valley-orbit splitting of the donor. This can explain qualitatively the different behavior of the piezoresistance effect in the impurity conduction range of germanium doped with antimony, arsenic, or phosphorus. The stress dependence of the hyperfine splitting of the electron spin resonance is shown to be very insensitive to the stress-induced changes in ${F}_{j}(\mathrm{r})$ except in the limit of very large stresses.
Value Based Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests

Two contrasting errors in spirometric interpretation are the inappropriate conclusion of "normality" (type I) and of "abnormality" (type II). A survey of 67 health professionals showed major interpersonal and intersituational differences in opinion about the optimal relative proportions of type I and type II errors. This suggests the need for caution in the commonly employed practice of interpretation based on a 5 percent false positive rate.
Current Literature: Caloric Intake in Medical ICU Patients: Consistency of Care With Guidelines and Relationship to Clinical Outcomes.

Objectives: To assess the consistency of caloric intake with American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) recommendations for critically ill patients and to evaluate the relationship of caloric intake with clinical outcomes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Adult intensive care units (ICUs) at 2 teaching hospitals. Participants: Patients with an ICU length of stay of at least 96 hours. Measurements and results: On ICU admission, severity of illness (ie, simplified acute physiology score II) and markers of nutritional status (ie, serum albumin level and body mass index) were recorded. The route of feeding (ie, enteral or parenteral), actual caloric intake (ie, percentage of ACCP recommendations: 0% to 32% [tertile I]; 33% to 65% [tertile II]; ≥66% [tertile III]), and evidence of GI intolerance (ie, gastric aspirate levels, ≥100 mL) were recorded daily. The following outcomes were assessed: status on hospital discharge (alive vs dead); spontaneous ventilation before ICU discharge (yes vs no); and I...
Effects of benzoquinolizine homologues on proliferative and exudative inflammation

Abstract Cryogenine and a series of ataractic agents inhibit both cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation and carrageenin-induced pedal edema in the rat. Chlorpromazine, reserpine, and one group of benzoquinolizine derivatives (tetrabenazine, benzquinamide, and 2-ethyl-2,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2-hydroxy-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1H-benzo[h]quinolizine) inhibited inflammation concomitant with but not dependent upon apparent endogenous steroid release. A second type of benzoquinolizine (3-ethyl-2,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2-hydroxy-2-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1H-benzo [h]quinolizine) decreased the inflammatory response without apparent adrenal stimulation. Cryogenine was qualitatively different from the other compounds as it appeared dependent upon an intact pituitary-adrenal axis for anti-inflammatory effectiveness.
Fullerides of alkaline-earth metals.

Synchrotron radiation photoemission studies show that the mixing of Mg, Sr, and Ba with ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ yields metallic (Sr and Ba) and nonmetallic (Mg) fullerides. In all cases, fulleride formation leads to the occupation of hybrid bands near the Fermi level that are derived from ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ states and the s states of the alkaline-earth atoms. The nonmetallic character of ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ probably reflects electron correlation effects, and metallic ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ fullerides are candidates for superconductivity.
Ion-beam-assisted deposition of Au nanocluster/Nb2O5 thin films with nonlinear optical properties

Abstract Gold nanocluster thin films (∼ 200 nm thickness) consisting of metal clusters ∼ 5 nm in size embedded in a matrix of Nb2O5 were deposited by ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) by coevaporation of Au and Nb with O2+ ion bombardment. The microstructure and optical characteristics of these films were examined as-deposited and after annealing at 600°C. Annealing crystallized the amorphous oxide matrix and ripened the nanoclusters. A strong linear absorption at the wavelength of the surface plasmon resonance for Au developed as a result of annealing. The linear optical behavior was modeled using Mie scattering theory. Good agreement was found between the nanocluster sizes predicted by the theory and the particle sizes observed experimentally using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the nanocluster films were probed experimentally using degenerate four wave mixing and nonlinear transmission. The wavelength was near the peak of the surface plasmon resonance as measured by VIS/UV spectroscopy. Values of |χxxxx(3)| were 7.3 × 10−8 and 3.0 × 10−10 esu for annealed and unannealed samples, respe The dominant mechanism for the nonlinear response was change in dielectric constant due to the generation of a distribution of hot, photoexcited electrons.
A modular and economical traumatic brain injury device for rodent models

A novel, modular device was designed to reproduce two traumatic brain injury models used in the rat and mouse: fluid percussion injury (FPI) and controlled cortical impact (CCI). Commercially available TBI devices are often unimethodical, expensive and sensitive to experimental variability. To achieve maximum control and sensitivity, we utilized a closed loop voice coil control device to more accurately and precisely generate the temporal force function delivered by the CCI and FPI methods. Modular FPI and CCI components were designed for use with this common voice coil system, thereby creating a device that is less expensive, better controlled, and more user friendly than current systems. Through in vitro bench testing with a pressure transducer, we have shown that the pressure generated by our voice coil-controlled simulation device is comparable to results obtained from literature where commercially available devices were utilized. Additionally, we are researching new craniotomy and mounting protocols to precisely control the placement and alignment of the device to the cranium for precise and reproducible injury to the brain.
Conformational preferences of 3-(dimethylazinoyl)propanoic acid as a function of pH and solvent; intermolecular versus intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

The conformational equilibrium of 3-(dimethylazinoyl)propanoic acid (DMAPA, azinoyl = N^+(O^−) has a weak pH-dependence in D_2O, with a slight preference for trans in alkaline solutions. The acid ionization constants of the protonated amine oxide and carboxylic functional groups as determined by NMR spectroscopy were 7.9 × 10^(−4) and 6.3 × 10^(−6), respectively. The corresponding value of K_1/K_2 of 1.3 × 10^2 is not deemed large enough to provide experimental NMR evidence for a significant degree of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in D_2O. Conformational preferences of DMAPA are mostly close to statistical (gauche/trans = 2/1) in other protic solvents, e.g., alcohols. However, the un-ionized form of DMAPA appears to be strongly intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded and gauche in aprotic solvents.
Variable buoyancy control for a bottom skimming autonomous underwater vehicle

Two feedback controllers are presented that utilize data averaging and model-based estimation to offset the effects of sensor noise and achieve precise control of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) variable buoyancy system (VBS). Operation of the bottom skimming AUV requires a constant reaction force between the seabed and the vehicle. While performing a mission, variable seafloor topography and a changing payload weight requires the use of a VBS to maintain the reaction force. Two traits of the VBS system that make this a challenging problem are the presence of sensor noise and fast on/off actuation relative to the sensor update rate. It was discovered that both controllers function under these conditions but the model-based controller provides more precise control of the system. This paper presents a comparison between these two control algorithms based on both simulation results and field experiments in a coastal environment.
Insomnia Among Methadone-Maintained Individuals: The Feasibility of Collecting Home Polysomnographic Recordings

Sleep disturbance among methadone-maintained patients is highly prevalent. A full understanding of sleep disturbance requires polysomnographic (PSG) measures along with subjective sleep quality measures. The goal of this study was to describe our experiences in performing at-home unattended PSG in this population. Participants had a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score of six or higher, indicating clinically significant insomnia, and sixty five percent of eligible persons agreed to enroll. Among 88 participants (53% female, 82% Caucasian, mean methadone dose 105 mg/day), each undergoing 2 nights of home PSG, we initiated 165 out of a maximum of 176 recordings. Overall, 81.7% of participants provided at least one night of “acceptable” PSG data of at least four hours duration. Urine toxicologies on PSG nights demonstrated that benzodiazepine use was common. We conclude that unattended polysomnography is feasible in a population of persons receiving methadone maintenance treatment. PSG signal quality and overall study success rates were similar to those in non-substance using populations.
Generator Simulation-Model Constants by Finite Elements: Comparison with Test Results

This paper describes the development and validation of a process combining finite element techniques and improved equivalent circuit analysis methods to find circuit data for a generator directly from the generator design. This work was accomplished under EPRI Research Projects RP1288 and RP1513. The process uses non-linear magnetostatic methods to find a steady-state two-dimension flux pattern and next, a linear diffusion method to find the small-signal frequency response of the generator in terms of frequency-dependent operational inductances, such as lfd(s) and lddo(s). Correspondence of the small signal inductances to small perturbations around the given load point is ensured through the use of incremental permeabilities. The incremental permeabilities are assigned to match the local steady-state flux density, obtained from the initial magnetostatic load-point solution. The equivalent circuit model data are found by multi-variable curve fitting techniques, simultaneously fitting the rotor, stator, and field circuit constants to the operational inductance data.
Special types of debate as an aid in the analysis of a debate proposition

(1945). Special types of debate as an aid in the analysis of a debate proposition. The Southern Speech Journal: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 16-19.
A Modular PIP2 Binding Site as a Determinant of Capsaicin Receptor Sensitivity

The capsaicin receptor (TRPV1), a heat-activated ion channel of the pain pathway, is sensitized by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis after phospholipase C activation. We identify a site within the C-terminal domain of TRPV1 that is required for PIP2-mediated inhibition of channel gating. Mutations that weaken PIP2-TRPV1 interaction reduce thresholds for chemical or thermal stimuli, whereas TRPV1 channels in which this region is replaced with a lipid-binding domain from PIP2-activated potassium channels remain inhibited by PIP2. The PIP2-interaction domain therefore serves as a critical determinant of thermal threshold and dynamic sensitivity range, tuning TRPV1, and thus the sensory neuron, to appropriately detect heat under normal or pathophysiological conditions.
Current Perception Thresholds in Ageing

We studied 40 healthy elderly and 31 healthy young volunteers and 25 elderly diabetic and 37 young diabetic patients. All subjects received detailed neurological examinations focusing particularly on sensory symptom and physical evaluations. Standardized assessment of symptoms and physical testing of light touch, pain, vibratory and thermal sensation were performed at the hand, wrist, elbow, foot, ankle and knee. The total symptom score (SS) and the total physical score (PS) were defined by summing test scores at each site. Current perception threshold (CPT) testing using constant current sine wave alternating current was completed at the same anatomical sites. CPT findings did not differ significantly between young and old healthy subjects. Older diabetic patients had higher CPTs than younger diabetic patients, but the severity of clinical diabetic neuropathy was greater in the older group. CPTs correlated with the degree of clinical diabetic neuropathy (r = 0.47 with SS and r = 0.60 with PS) rather than with age (r = 0.12). We conclude that current perception does not decline with age. Nor does ageing by itself worsen CPT values in patients with neuropathy. CPT testing is easily performed, clinically applicable and the first objective sensory measure not affected by the process of ageing.
Wave Decay on Manifolds with Bounded Ricci Tensor, and Related Estimates

We investigate energy decay for solutions to the wave equation \(\partial_{t}^{2}u+a(x)\partial_{t}u-\Delta u=0\), with damping coefficient a≥0, where Δ is the Laplace–Beltrami operator on a compact Riemannian manifold M. We make a weak regularity hypothesis on the metric tensor of M, though one that guarantees the unique existence of the geodesic flow. We then establish exponential energy decay under the natural hypothesis that all sufficiently long geodesics pass through a region where a(x)≥a0>0, extending the scope of previous work done in the setting of a smooth metric tensor.
Search for neurotoxins structurally related to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease

Immunoassays sensitive to a broad range of compounds structurally related to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) have been developed and used to test for the presence of possible chemically related neurotoxins in the brains of Parkinson's disease patients. The sensitivity and chemical reactivity of the polyclonal antibodies used in these assays have been characterized with a range of endogenous and chemically related materials. Two methods were developed and tested for extraction followed by chromatographic separation which would be applicable to stored or accumulated substances. The immunoassays were tested and applied to the assay of tissue extracts from MPTP or MPTP-analogue exposed animals, and indicated detectability of MPP+-immunoreactivity > 8 weeks after exposure to MPTP in monkey brain. No difference in immunoactivity was measured in extracts from human brains of Parkinson's disease patients or controls, and particularly low levels of immunoactivity were found in the striatum relative to the levels measured in several cortical regions. From these studies, there is no evidence for the role of an environmental neurotoxin chemically related to MPTP in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
Mixed association of cholesterol with methyl cholate and methyl lithocholate in chloroform solutions.

Abstract The concentration-dependent mixed association behavior of cholesterol with methyl cholatc (MeC) and methyl lithocholate (MeLC) in chloroform at 37°C has been studied by vapor pressure osmometry (VPO). This study is part of a larger project to investigate the effect of number and position of hydroxyl-bearing steroids. Using theories developed by Adams and by Steiner. the model and appropriate parameters for the nonideal mixed associations were elucidated. For the MeLC/choIesterol system. no mixed association was observed. For the MeC/choIeslerol system, both methods of analysis indicate that a nonideal AB complex formation occurs. The best parameters to explain the experimental data are k ab = 0.04 1/g: B AB (the nonideal term) = 1.5 ×10 −5 1 mol g −2 .