cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectral Independence via Stability and Applications to Holant-Type Problems.

This paper formalizes connections between stability of polynomials and convergence rates of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. We prove that if a (multivariate) partition function is nonzero in a region around a real point $\lambda$ then spectral independence holds at $\lambda$. As a consequence, for Holant-type problems (e.g., spin systems) on bounded-degree graphs, we obtain optimal $O(n\log n)$ mixing time bounds for the single-site update Markov chain known as the Glauber dynamics. Our result significantly improves the running time guarantees obtained via the polynomial interpolation method of Barvinok (2017), refined by Patel and Regts (2017). There are a variety of applications of our results. In this paper, we focus on Holant-type (i.e., edge-coloring) problems, including weighted edge covers and weighted even subgraphs. For the weighted edge cover problem (and several natural generalizations) we obtain an $O(n\log{n})$ sampling algorithm on bounded-degree graphs. The even subgraphs problem corresponds to the high-temperature expansion of the ferromagnetic Ising model. We obtain an $O(n\log{n})$ sampling algorithm for the ferromagnetic Ising model with a nonzero external field on bounded-degree graphs, which improves upon the classical result of Jerrum and Sinclair (1993) for this class of graphs. We obtain further applications to antiferromagnetic two-spin models on line graphs, weighted graph homomorphisms, tensor networks, and more.
Roles of Mn and Co in Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes synthesized utilizing a Taylor Vortex Reactor

Abstract Layered oxides, composed of nickel, manganese, and cobalt (NMC), are sought after as cathode materials which provide improved energy density, cycle life, and safety in commercial lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Increasing Ni contents higher than 80% can provide even higher practical discharge capacities >200 mAh/g and ~ 4 V discharge potential vs Li/Li+, making them promising cathodes for next generation LIBs. However, rapid capacity fade during cycling and heat-related safety concerns are delaying their successful transition to industry. We report systematic performance optimization of LiNiO2, LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2, and LiNi0.9Co0.1O2 high Ni layered oxide cathodes synthesized by utilizing a Taylor Vortex Reactor. Co-free LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2 cathode showed 200 mAh/g highest discharge capacity at 0.1 C rate with 84% retention after 103 cycles at 0.3C rate while LiNi0.9Co0.1O2 cathode showed higher initial but poor cycle life (225 mAh/g highest discharge capacity at 0.1C rate with only 56% capacity retention after 103 cycles at 0.3 C rate. Synchrotron based X-ray diffraction (SXRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and focused ion beam (FIB) imaging of pristine and cycled cathodes after 103 cycles provided important information on degradation mechanism. The roles of Mn and Co on layered structure formation, charge balance, cationic mixing, and electrochemical performance were elucidated using the crystallographic information from XRD refinement and electronic state analysis from XAS providing valuable information to design future Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes.
Developing machine learning models to personalize care levels among emergency room patients for hospital admission.

Objective To develop prediction models for intensive care unit (ICU) vs non-ICU level-of-care need within 24 hours of inpatient admission for emergency department (ED) patients using electronic health record data. Materials and methods Using records of 41 654 ED visits to a tertiary academic center from 2015 to 2019, we tested 4 algorithms-feed-forward neural networks, regularized regression, random forests, and gradient-boosted trees-to predict ICU vs non-ICU level-of-care within 24 hours and at the 24th hour following admission. Simple-feature models included patient demographics, Emergency Severity Index (ESI), and vital sign summary. Complex-feature models added all vital signs, lab results, and counts of diagnosis, imaging, procedures, medications, and lab orders. Results The best-performing model, a gradient-boosted tree using a full feature set, achieved an AUROC of 0.88 (95%CI: 0.87-0.89) and AUPRC of 0.65 (95%CI: 0.63-0.68) for predicting ICU care need within 24 hours of admission. The logistic regression model using ESI achieved an AUROC of 0.67 (95%CI: 0.65-0.70) and AUPRC of 0.37 (95%CI: 0.35-0.40). Using a discrimination threshold, such as 0.6, the positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity were 85%, 89%, 30%, and 99%, respectively. Vital signs were the most important predictors. Discussion and conclusions Undertriaging admitted ED patients who subsequently require ICU care is common and associated with poorer outcomes. Machine learning models using readily available electronic health record data predict subsequent need for ICU admission with good discrimination, substantially better than the benchmarking ESI system. The results could be used in a multitiered clinical decision-support system to improve ED triage.
Coexistence Praxis: The Role of Resource Managers in Wolf-Livestock Interactions on Federal Lands

In resource management, new terms are frequently introduced, reflecting ongoing evolution in the theory and practice of ecology and governance. Yet understandings of what new concepts mean, for whom, and what they imply for management on the ground can vary widely. Coexistence – a prominent concept within the literature and on-the-ground practices around human-wildlife conflict and predator management – is one such term, widely invoked and yet poorly defined. While for some coexistence is the latest paradigm in improving human-wildlife relations, the concept remains debated and indeed even hotly contested by others – particularly on the multiple-use public lands of the American West, where gray wolf conservation, livestock production, and the claims of diverse stakeholders share space. The multiple meanings of coexistence present serious challenges for conservation practice, as what the concept implies or requires can be contested by those most central to its implementation. In this study we examine wolf-livestock management – a classic case of human-wildlife conflict – by focusing on the experiences and perspectives of U.S. Forest Service managers. We conducted a genealogical review exploring coexistence’s multivalence in the literature on human-wildlife conflict, complementing semi-structured interviews conducted with USFS range and wildlife managers on case study forests from across the western states. Through this, we highlight the complexity and multi-dimensionality of the concept and the unique yet under-explored perspective that resource managers bring to these debates. This work draws on insights from political ecology to emphasize the situatedness of manager practice – taking place within a broader set of relations and contextual pressures – while extending political ecologists’ traditional focus on the resource user to a concern with the resource manager as key actor in environmental conflicts. Through our engagement with the experiences and perceptions of USFS managers, who must balance conservation aims with long-established land uses like livestock grazing, we hope to clarify the various dimensions of coexistence and in so doing increase the possibility for collaboration and empathy among managers and stakeholders engaged in this complex socio-ecological challenge.
Adjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences MΦ Effector Cell Function to Improve Disease Outcome in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Keratitis

Our previous work has shown that topical thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) as an adjunct to ciprofloxacin treatment reduces inflammatory mediators and inflammatory cell infiltrates (neutrophils/PMN and macrophages/MΦ) while enhancing bacterial killing and wound healing pathway activation in an experimental model of P. aeruginosa-induced keratitis. This study aimed to mechanistically examine how Tβ4 influences MΦ function in particular, leading to reduced inflammation and enhanced host defense following P. aeruginosa-induced infection of the cornea. Flow cytometry was conducted to profile the phenotype of infiltrating MΦ after infection, while generation of reactive nitrogen species and markers of efferocytosis were detected to assess functional activity. In vitro studies were performed utilizing RAW 264.7 cells to verify and extend the in vivo findings. Tβ4 treatment decreases MΦ infiltration and regulates the activation state in response to infected corneas. MΦ functional data demonstrated that the adjunctive Tβ4 treatment group significantly downregulated reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production and efferocytotic activity. In addition, the in vitro studies showed that both Tβ4 alone and adjunctive Tβ4 treatment influenced MΦ cellular function following LPS stimulation. Collectively, these data provide further evidence that adjunctive Tβ4 + ciprofloxacin treatment offers a more efficacious option for treating bacterial keratitis. Not only does the adjunctive therapy address both the infectious pathogen and corneal wound healing response, but it also influences MΦ infiltration, activation, and function, as revealed by the current study.
Refractory Localization Related Epilepsy Secondary to Intracranial Arachnoid Cyst: A Case Report and an algorithmic approach for evaluation and management (2907)

Objective: There is no consensus in the evaluation and management of pediatric cerebral arachnoid cysts. We reviewed the literature and suggest an algorithm based clinical approach. Background: Primary Intracranial arachnoid cysts (IACs) are often incidentally found in imaging studies, occurring in 2.6% of children and 1.4 % of adults. Only 6.8% of the children are symptomatic. Clinical features include focal neurological deficits, headaches and seizures from elevated intracranial pressure and local mass effect resulting in bony remodeling1. About 50% of IACs are located in the middle cranial fossa. Most cases are of sporadic inheritance; some have a genetic predisposition and are associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, Acrocallosal, Aicardi and Marfan’s syndromes and Neurofibromatosis Type 12. 12m old male presented with stereotypic, focal seizures, involving body and limb shudder, staring, lip smacking with perioral cyanosis. EEG showed seizures localized to left temporal lobe along with interictal focal slowing and epileptiform discharges. Patient had mild motor and significant social, language, and communication delays. Dilated fundus exam was without papilledema. MRI revealed a large left temporal cyst (4.2x 5.3 x4.7cm) extending to the suprasellar cistern, encasement of internal carotid artery and elevation of anterior and middle cerebral arteries. Patient underwent endoscopic fenestration of the cyst and was seizure free at 1 year follow up on monotherapy with improved developmental skills. Design/Methods: N/A Results: N/A Conclusions: Management of IACs depend on their location, radiological classification and clinical presentation.3 Large cysts in those under 4 years of age with symptoms and a type 3 Galassi radiological classification probably need surgical intervention. There is no consensus on the procedure (cyst shunting vs cyst wall fenestration). Serial EEGs and additional genetic evaluation may add value. For a systematic clinical approach to the neurological evaluation and management of IAC, we recommend an algorithm based on age, size, radiological classification and symptoms. Disclosure: Shruthishree Sukumar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Venkat has nothing to disclose.
Reasoning agents in dynamic domains

The paper discusses an architecture for intelligent agents based on the use of A-Prolog- a language of logic programs under the answer set semantics. A-Prolog is used to represent the agent's reasoning tasks. We outline how these tasks can be reduced to answering questions about properties of simple logic programs and demonstrate the methodology of constructing these programs.
Organic syntheses by means of metal complexes—XI : Copper complex catalyzed addition reactions of organic polyhalides to acrylic monomers

Abstract Telomerization, especially 1:2 adduct formation from organic polyhalides and acrylic monomers catalyzed by a copper complex has been studied. Reaction of carbon tetrachloride with acrylic monomers catalyzed by a copper salt gave a 1:2 adduct. Methyl trichloroacetate afforded a 1:2 adduct with acrylic monomers, addition of LiCl increased the yield. No 1:2 adduct was obtained from CHCl 3 even in the presence of LiCl. The 1:2 adduct formation mechanism is discussed.
Structure and function of latency-associated nuclear antigen.

Latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) encoded by open reading frame 73 (ORF73) is the major latent protein expressed in all forms of KSHV-associated malignancies. LANA is a large (222–234 kDa) nuclear protein that interacts with various cellular as well as viral proteins. LANA has been classified as an oncogenic protein as it dysregulates various cellular pathways including tumor suppressor pathways associated with pRb and p53 and can transform primary rat embryo fibroblasts in cooperation with the cellular oncogene Hras. It associates with GSK-3β, an important modulator of Wnt signaling pathway leading to the accumulation of cytoplasmic β-catenin, which upregulates Tcf/Lef regulated genes after entering into the nucleus. LANA also blocks the expression of RTA, the reactivation transcriptional activator, which is critical for the latency to lytic switch, and thus helps in maintaining viral latency. LANA tethers the viral episomal DNA to the host chromosomes by directly binding to its cognate binding sequence within the TR region of the genome through its C terminus and to the nucleosomes through the N terminus of the molecule. Tethering to the host chromosomes helps in efficient partitioning of the viral episomes in the dividing cells. Disruptions of LANA expression led to reduction in the episomal copies of the viral DNA, supporting its role in persistence of the viral DNA. The functions known so far suggest that LANA is a key player in KSHV-mediated pathogenesis.
Effect of Pili on Susceptibility of Escherichia coli to Phagocytosis

The degree of piliation of 20 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli was correlated with their susceptibility to phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Piliation was quantitated by negative staining, and phagocytosis was quantitated by a monolayer technique. Ingestion was confirmed by electron microscopy. In the absence of source of opsonins, there was a positive correlation between the degree of piliation and susceptibility to phagocytosis (y = 0.83x + 19.58; correlation coefficient = 0.65; P < 0.01). Heavily piliated strains were no longer phagocytized after their pili were removed by ultraviolet irradiation. Phagocytosis was reduced 75% in the presence of 0.1 M d-mannose, an agent which competitively inhibits binding of pili to cell surfaces. l-Mannose, d-glucose, and d-galactose were much less inhibitory. The viability of piliated organisms was reduced by 1 log after 1 h of incubation with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Addition of 10% fresh human serum increased both the rate and completeness of killing. These observations suggest that polymorphonuclear leukocytes may interact with the pili of E. coli to promote phagocytosis. This phenomenon may have clinical relevance in situations where normal opsonic activity is poor, such as the renal medulla.
Long-term increases in the evoked population spike in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus induced by beta-adrenergic receptor activation

The effects of the selective beta-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (ISO) were characterized in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampal slice preparation. As has been previously described, 500 nM ISO increased the amplitude of the evoked population spike response without having any effect upon field EPSP (fEPSP) responses. However, the increase in the population spike response was quite persistent and was not reversed by greater than 30 min of washout in the majority of the slices tested; we have termed this prolonged increase beta- adrenergic potentiation (BAP). As with the acute effect of ISO, BAP is confined to an increase in the population spike response and not the fEPSP. In input-output curves, this was clearly observed as a persistent leftward shift in the EPSP-population spike relationship. Similar long-term increases in the population spike could also be elicited by superfusion of the slices for 10 min with 20–25 microM norepinephrine (NE). Although both the acute and the long-term effects of ISO were blocked by pretreatment with timolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist, the long-term effects were not reversed by superfusion with timolol following ISO treatment, demonstrating that the prolonged effects were not due to slow washout of ISO from the tissue. BAP was not blocked by pretreatment with 50 microM 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, an NMDA receptor antagonist that blocks hippocampal long-term potentiation and the long-lasting changes in synaptic responses induced in the dentate gyrus by NE and ISO.
The Meaning of Communication: Experiences with Augmentative Communication Devices

This study is a secondary analysis of data collected from end-users of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices as part of a project of the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Technology Transfer (T2RERC). The original data, obtained from a Web-based focus group, were used to identify unmet consumer needs in existing AAC devices. The purpose of the secondary analysis was to give context to the original study through phenomenological interpretation of the narratives, thereby gaining an understanding of the common meanings and shared experiences and practices of people who use AAC technology. Underlying this study is the interpretive approach of Heideggerian hermeneutics; through reflective thinking, understanding of the human situation of AAC users in everyday life is uncovered or extended. Six themes and one constitutive pattern emerged to explain the participants' experiences with AAC devices: (a) maintaining effective communication, (b) interacting in various situations, (c) AAC device-imposing limitations, (d) wading through prepackaged technology, (e) AAC device giving more than a voice, (f) accepting the AAC device. The constitutive pattern was communication technology enables humanness. This information will make rehabilitation nurses aware of the value of the AAC device for the users and the limitations that the technology may impose on the users, as well as the need for others to accept the device. Nurses gaining this understanding may facilitate integration of AAC systems and the development of patient/nurse communication partnerships.
Observations of Double Layers and Solitary Waves in the Auroral Plasma

Small-amplitude double layers and solitary waves containing magnetic-field-aligned electric field components have been observed for the first time in the auroral plasma between altitudes of 6000 and 8000 km in association with electron and ion velocity distributions that indicate the presence of electric fields parallel to the magnetic field. The double layers may account for a large portion of the parallel potential drop that accelerates auroral particles.
A Comprehensive Employment Model for Low-Income Mothers

Recognizing that mothers continue to bear the primary responsibility for household production, comprehensive logit models are developed to predict employment for low-income mothers. The models include a wide array of possible employment impediments, including individual, family environment, and community variables. Lack of family resource management, a variable not previously investigated in employment prediction, is found to be a significant impediment to employment. Under welfare reform, low-income mothers must balance family and work demands under severe resource constraints. Family resource management appears to play a crucial role in this balancing process. In addition, the local unemployment rate is found to be a significant predictor of employment.
Optimization of a Colorimetric Test Method for Quantifying Glycerol in Aqueous Solution

Many analytical methods for glycerol involve chemical techniques or instrumentation that may be unavailable to small biodiesel processors or have potential interactions with other components in the glycerol phase. This work presents an analytical method based on periodate oxidation of glycerol to formaldehyde, which is then quantified using a modification of the Nash test required to remove excess periodate. The method provides a linear calibration over the range of diluted glycerol concentrations from 0.02 to 0.25 mM and is limited at high concentrations by the formation of precipitate during the Nash test. There are no observed interferences from the formic acid coproduct of the glycerol oxidation or from potential contaminants in the crude glycerol, which includes methanol and sodium. Several disaccharides and starch, both as individual solutes or in glycerol solutions, gave no response under the conditions of the described method.
UV Raman Examination of α-Helical Peptide Water Hydrogen Bonding

UV resonance Raman spectra (UVRS) of an α-helical, 21 residue, mainly Ala peptide (AP) in the dehydrated solid state were compared to those in aqueous solution at different temperatures. The UVRS amide band frequencies of a dehydrated solid α-helix peptide show frequency shifts compared to those in aqueous solution due to the loss of amide backbone hydrogen bonding to water; the amide II and amide III bands of the solid α-helix downshift, while the amide I band upshifts. The shifts are identical in direction but smaller than those that occur for α-helices in aqueous solution as the temperature increases; water hydrogen bonding strengths decrease as the temperature increases. The UV Raman amide band frequency shifts can be used to monitor α-helix hydrogen bonding.
Women’s work and “women’s work”: LDS dual-earner couples and the work–family nexus

Abstract In the context of religious expectations that their primary obligations should be child care and maintenance of the home, how do Church of Latter-day Saint (LDS) women and their spouses view the relationship between women’s work and the family? Are these perceptions similar or dissimilar for men and women? This study addresses the work–family nexus by examining associations among religiosity, traditional gender ideology, work-to-family spillover, and family cohesion using data from a random sample of dual-earner LDS couples. Our findings indicate that for LDS men, women’s work outside the home is negatively associated with perceptions of family cohesion. However, this relationship is not significant for women. Gender, therefore, is a key factor in how women’s work is perceived among dual-earner Latter-day Saints.
SCALE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES IN THE MEASUREMENT OF SPIRITUALITY

This study identified and analyzed the 29 empirical articles which created 65 new scales that were published from 1996–2004 within the Spirituality, Religion, and Work (SRW) domain. Utilizing Hinkin's (1995) methodology for evaluating questionnaire scale development as a model, this study reviewed: (1) item generation issues such as inductive vs. deductive approaches; (2) scale development issues such as sampling and validity/reliability assessment; and (3) scale evaluation issues such as convergent validity testing. The study found that the vast majority of studies (86%) reported detail on the item development process for the new scales used; the primary method for item development was deductive, based on existing theory. In the area of scale development, only 45% of the studies reported using factor analysis for evaluation of constructs; of those that did, less than 25% of those reported information regarding factor retention criteria, such as eigenvalues. With regard to the internal consistency, the coefficient alpha was reported in only 45% of the studies. However, in those cases where scale development practices were described, the information was generally quite detailed and reflected statistical rigor. Few studies (38%) reported any information related to scale evaluation. Similar to Hinkin's (1995) conclusions from his review of scales in the management field, this study found scale development practices within the SRW domain to be inconsistent. The article reports detailed findings using Hinkin ‘s (1995) detailed methods and discusses practical implications for editors, reviewers and SRW researchers.
FORCED CONVECTION IN A CHANNEL WITH WALL HEAT CAPACITY AND WITH WALL HEATING VARIABLE WITH AXIAL POSITION AND TIME

Abstract Heat transfer to a fluid with constant properties is analysed for forced convection between two parallel plates. The plates have a finite heat capacity, and heat is supplied to them in an arbitrary manner with both time and axial position. The wall is assumed sufficiently thin or highly conducting so that the temperature variation through the wall thickness can be neglected. The fluid temperature is variable over the channel cross section, but the fluid velocity is assumed constant throughout the channel (slug-flow condition). The energy equation is laminar. A general method of solution is given and then some illustrative examples are carried out. These include uniform wall heating that varies sinusoidally in time, and heating varying sinusoidally with axial distance and exponentially in time.
Cellular Distribution of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Chicken Breast Muscle

SUMMARY— The distribution of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in chicken breast muscle was studied by preparing subcellular fractions by homogenization and differential centrifugation under conditions known to cause the enzyme to be associated with the particulate structures. The LDH was widely distributed among the subcellular fractions with the outer cell membrane and the mitochondrion having especially high activities associated with them. A 4-hr aging period of the whole, excised muscle had only a minor effect on the subcellular distribution of the enzyme. The major change in aged muscle was an increase of enzymic activity in the soluble, supernatant fractions. Although certain possible artifacts have been ruled out, it is not completely certain that the particle-associated LDH is a true reflection of the situation in vivo. There is at least, however, a reproducible pattern to the binding of LDH to the individual subcellular fractions when chicken breast muscle is homogenized under the specified conditions.
The 1400 °C-oxidation effect on microstructure, strength and cyclic life of SiC/SiC composites

Relatively high strength and excellent oxidation resistance make silicon carbide (SiC) an attractive candidate for use in high temperature oxidizing environments. However, its application in monolithic form is very much limited due to its brittle nature. Therefore, it is often produced and used in reinforced form. A typical example which has drawn much attention in recent years is continuous SiC fiber reinforced SiC matrix composites produced by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). Since toughness is directly related to the level of bonding at the fiber/matrix interface, carbon or boron nitride was found to be effective in this regard and is widely used in SiC/SiC composites. A major concern for this class of material, however, is oxidation. Although SiC forms a protective silica (SiO{sub 2}), carbon and boron nitride oxidize at temperatures well below the projected use temperatures. Since the primary use of SiC/SiC composites has been in structural applications at elevated temperature, it is of interest to study the oxidation effect on mechanical properties. In this paper, the authors will present results regarding the changes taking place in microstructure, strength and cyclic fatigue properties as a result of the oxidizing heat-treatment at 1,400 C.
Trait Associations at the Xgwm 261 and Rht-B1 Loci in Two Winter Wheat Recombinant Inbred Line Populations

Microsatellite marker locus Xgwm 261 has been associated with reduced plant height attributed to the linked gibberellic acid (GA) sensitive Rht8c allele in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Our objective was to determine effects of allelic variation at the Xgwm 261 and Rht-B1 loci in two winter wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. ‘Longhorn’/’Akron’ and Longhorn/‘Yuma’ RIL populations were evaluated in controlled environments for GA sensitivity and coleoptile length and were grown in Colorado at fi ve locations for 2 yr for agronomic evaluation. Microsatellite markers were used to identify alleles at the Xgwm 261 and Rht-B1 loci. In both populations, the Rht-B1b class showed reduced plant height (8.9% average), GA sensitivity (average 73.5%), coleoptile length (average 11.3%), and test weight (average 1.9%) relative to the Rht-B1a class. In the Longhorn/Yuma population, Rht-B1b and
The financial management of research centers and institutes at U.S. medical schools: findings from six institutions.

PURPOSE To explore three questions surrounding the financial management of research centers and institutes at U.S. medical schools: How do medical schools allocate institutional funds to centers and institutes? How and by whom are those decisions made? What are the implications of these decision-making models on the future of the academic biomedical research enterprise? METHOD Using a qualitative research design, the author and associates interviewed over 150 faculty members and administrators at six medical schools and their parent universities in 2004. Interview data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. This methodology generated rich descriptions and explanations of the six medical schools, which can produce extrapolations to, but not necessarily generalizable findings to, other institutions and settings. RESULTS An examination of four dimensions of financial decision-making-funding timing, process, structure, and culture-produces two essential models of how medical schools approach the financial management of research centers. In the first, a "charity" model, center directors make hat-in-hand appeals directly to the dean, the result of which may depend on individual negotiation skills and personal relationships. In the second, a "planned-giving" model, the process for obtaining and renewing funds is institutionalized, agreed upon, and monitored. CONCLUSIONS The ways in which deans, administrators, department chairs, and center directors attend to, decide upon, and carry out financial decisions can influence how people throughout the medical school think about interdisciplinary and collaborative activities marshalled though centers and institutes.
Capacitive loading of optical/electronic wavelength selector for WDMA networks

The authors report the system penalty incurred by an optical-to-electronic wavelength selector that is based on sharing one of several wavelength channels by a single transimpedance amplifier through MESFET switches. It was found that for a system penalty of 1 dB, four metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors can share a single transimpedance amplifier, whereas for a 2 dB penalty the number is eight.
Effect of PCMBS on water transfer across biological membranes.

P-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate, PCMBS, and 5, 5′ dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), DTNB at a concentration of 1 mM are found to inhibit the rate of water transport across human red cell membrane. In addition PCMBS inhibits the rates of transport of small hydrophilic but not hydrophobic nonelectrolytes. Other sulfhydryl reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide have no significant effect on the rate of water transfer in these cells. The results suggest that there are at least two populations of membrane bound SH-groups which differ in their topical location which participate in the control of water transfer. One is located closer to the outer surface of the membrane, and thus is readily accessible to PCMBS while the other component is probably located in the membrane interior. These two populations can be dissociated by pH. The effect of PCMBS on water transfer can be greatly influenced by pH and temperature. The main effect of temperature and pH is on the permeability of the membrane to the drug. The same concentration of PCMBS is also found to inhibit to a lesser degree water transfer across other biological membranes.
Existence results for generalized balanced tournament designs with block size 3

A generalized balanced tournament design,GBTD(n, k) defined on akn-setV, is an arrangement of the blocks of a (kn, k, k−1)-BIBD defined onV into ann× (kn−1), array such that (1) every element ofV is contained in precisely one cell of each column, and (2) every element ofV is contained in at mostk cells of each row. In this paper, we completely determine the spectrum ofGBTD(n, 3). In addition we prove the exitence of factoredGBTD(n, 3) forn a positive integer,n≥4, with at most one possible exception.
Resistance Plasmids of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Change from Conjugative to Nonconjugative in a Hospital Population

Properties of a population of carbenicillin- and gentamicin-resistant, tobramycin-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa at Veteran's Administration Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, have been followed during a 16-month period. As originally described, the strains were isolated from patients with urinary tract colonizations and were predominantly Parke-Davis immunotype 7. For the majority of these organisms, antibiotic resistance was correlated with the presence of a self-conjugative plasmid of incompatibility group P-2. The source and relative incidence of multiply resistant isolates have remained constant during the current study, but the immunotype has shifted form type 7 to type 2. Concomitantly, the population has lost the property of conjugative transfer of resistance, and resistant strains are now compatible with P-2 plasmids. A group P-2 R plasmid, pMG5, will mobilize resistance markers, demonstrating that the multiple resistance of the nonconjugative strains is mediated by R plasmids. Additionally, gentamicin resistance due to either conjugative or nonconjugative plasmids is correlated with the presence of similar gentamicin acetyltransferase activity. pMG5-mobilized plasmids are shown to be incompatible with pMG5. pMG5 is also shown to mobilize resistance markers from nontransferring antibiotic-resistant strains representing populations from Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Texas, and Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
The Atrial Switch Component of the Double-Switch Procedure: Management of Venous Anomalies and Role of the Superior Cavopulmonary Connection

The atrial switch procedures were once amongst the standard armamentarium of the cardiac surgeon. However, since the advent of the arterial switch, the Senning and Mustard procedures would almost have been consigned to history— were it not for their role in anatomical repair of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) as part of the double-switch (and Rastelli-Senning) procedures. The double-switch procedure has brought about the renaissance of the atrial inversion procedures over recent years, with the Senning procedure being the most popular version. This poses particular problems because (1) it has little in common with other cardiac procedures and so is difficult to learn and (2) ccTGA is associated with unusual cardiac positions and venous connections that require adaptations and variations on the standard procedure.
Kinamycin biosytheesis. Synthesis, detection, and incorporation of kinobscurinone, a benzo[b]fluorenone

The kinamycin antibiotics, derived from a benzo[a]anthraquinone precusor, were recently shown to be 5-diazobenzo[b]fluorene quinones. A 5-ketobenzo[b]fluorene quinone has been synthesized and shown to be present in Streptomyces murayamaensis fermentations, and a deuterium-labeled sample of this metabolite, kinobscurinone, has been incorporated biosynthetically into kinamycins C and D.
VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES FOR EXPECTATIONS.

Variational principles for expectation values of physical quantites other than the energy are derived. The expressions implicitly require Green's-function estimations, and higher-order corrections are available. One principle involves a subsidiary minimization, and the other involves the difference between two quantities which are minimum at the stationary point; consequently, numerical computations can be made with both of these principles. As a simple example, the mean-square radius of the hydrogen atom for an incorrect wave function is corrected, with excellent results. Application is also made to the meansquare radius of a model triton.
Characterization of Ca2(+)-mobilizing excitatory amino acid receptors in cultured chick cortical cells.

Abstract The effects of glutamate and other more selective excitatory amino acid (EAA) analogs on intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) were examined in Fura 2-loaded cultured chick embryo cortical cells (90% neuronal). Four EAA receptors were evident in these studies: an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, a kainate receptor, and two quisqualate receptors. The [Ca 2+ ] i response to NMDA was blocked or reversed by selective antagonists such as 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV), MK801 and ketamine, as well as by desmethylimipramine and dextromethorphan. Glycine potentiated the [Ca 2+ i response to NMDA, and high concentrations of glycine selectively overcame blockade by kynurenic acid, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), and cis-piperidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (PDA). The [(Ca 2+ ] i response to kainate was generally larger than the NMDA response, and the kainate response desensitized slightly over the first minute. CNQX was more potent as an antagonist of the kainate response than of the NMDA response, even in the absence of added glycine: kynurenic acid and PDA conversely had little effect on the kainate response in these cells at concentrations which blocked the NMDA response. The desensitization of the [Ca 2+ ] i response to kainate was greatly augmented by quisqualate and by the putative ionotropic quisqualate receptor agonist α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA). In the absence of kainate, both quisqualate and AMPA increased [Ca 2+ ] i though less so than did NMDA or kainate. Quisqualate (and AMPA and glutamate) were not acting as partial agonists at the kainate receptor, since the potency of these agonists in reversing the kainate [Ca 2+ ] i response was independent of kainate concentration. Quisqualate, but not AMPA, also produced a small increase in [Ca 2+ ] i which preceded the negative effect of this agonist on the kainate response. This increase in [Ca 2+ ] i could also be evoked by quisqualate or glutamate after inhibition of the kainate response by AMPA. Quisqualate and glutamate, but not other EAA agonists, also increased [Ca 2+ ] i after chelation of extracellular calcium with EGTA. This effect appears to be mediated by the metabotropic quisqualate receptor. These cells should provide a useful system for studying regulation and interactions of EAA receptors, and for screening drugs which might act at these receptors.
Dynamics of ultra-high-speed (UHS) spindles used for micromachining

Abstract Micromachining dynamics commonly dictate the attainable accuracy and throughput that can be obtained from micromachining operations. The dynamic behavior of miniature ultra-high-speed (UHS) spindles used in micromachining critically affects micromachining dynamics. As such, there is a strong need for effective techniques to characterize the dynamic behavior of miniature UHS spindles. This paper presents a systematic experimental approach to obtain the speed-dependent two-dimensional dynamics of miniature UHS spindles through experimental modal analysis. A miniature cylindrical artifact with 5 mm overhang is attached to (and rotating with) the spindle to enable providing the dynamic excitations to and measuring the resulting motions of the spindle. A custom-made impact excitation system is used to reproducibly excite the spindle dynamics up to 20 kHz while controlling the impact force. The resulting radial motions of the spindle are measured in two mutually perpendicular directions using two independent fiber-optic laser Doppler vibrometers (LDVs). To ensure the mutual orthogonality of the measurements, the two lasers are aligned precisely using an optical procedure. A frequency-domain filtering approach is used to remove the unwanted spindle motion data from the measurements, thereby isolating the dynamic response. The spindle dynamics is then represented in the form of frequency response functions (FRFs). A global curve-fitting technique is applied to identify natural frequencies and damping ratios. The developed approach is demonstrated on a miniature UHS spindle with aerodynamic bearings, and dynamic characteristics are analyzed at different spindle speeds and collet pressures. The spindle speed is shown to have a significant effect on dynamic response, especially at higher spindle speeds, while the collet pressure is observed not to have any significant effect on the spindle dynamics. It is concluded that the presented approach can be used to characterize the dynamics of miniature UHS spindles effectively.
Pulmonary resection for metastases from gynecologic cancers: Massachusetts General Hospital experience, 1943–1982

Fifteen patients with pulmonary metastases from gynecologic cancers have been evaluated and treated surgically at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1943 to 1982. These women have had primary tumors involving the cervix (6), endometrium (3), and ovary (2) as well as uterine sarcomas (2) and choriocarcinomas (2). Two-year Kaplan-Meier survival for this group was 71%; the corresponding survival at 5 years was 36%. No hospital mortality was encountered. Patients with solitary lesions of less than 4 cm diameter appeared to have the most favorable prognosis in the group. A prolonged time to initial recurrence (latent period) of greater than 36 months was associated with improved survival and there was a 60% survival among patients with latent periods of 60 months or more. An aggressive approach to resection of pulmonary metastases in selected patients provides gratifying palliation for the majority of women and long-term cure in a significant minority.
The peripheral blood flow in a case of adrenal pheochromocytoma before and after operation

Abstract 1. (1) Using a method which Stewart and Jack4 and Stewart and Evans5, 6 employed previously, measurements were made of the peripheral blood flow, and certain other data were collected, on a patient with an adrenal pheochromocytoma, before operation and at intervals for one year afterward. 2. (2) Before operation, at a time when the basal metabolic rate was high, there was a marked relative decrease in the peripheral blood flow in c.c./M2/min. After operation the basal metabolic rate fell to normal, and an increase in peripheral blood flow occurred. The decreased peripheral blood flow before operation was attributed to hyperadrenalemia. 3. (3) The circulation time was shorter before operation than afterward. 4. (4) The low average skin temperature and the high rectal temperature before operation were interpreted as being brought about by decreased peripheral blood flow and vasoconstriction, with resulting inefficiency in heat loss and increased heat storage. As an explanation for the periods of marked sweating, these observations suggest that the organism increased heat loss by the cooling effect of evaporation. After operation the skin and rectal temperatures returned to normal. 5. (5) No definite relationship was observed between the temperature of the hands and feet and average skin temperature during any of the observations. On the other hand, all temperatures rose after operation. 6. (6) The blood pressure and pulse rate were markedly elevated at first and returned to normal after operation.
Perturbation of DNA repair gene expression due to interspecies hybridization.

Abstract The effect of interspecies hybridization on gene regulation was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to measure the expression of five base-excision repair genes in brain, eye, gill, liver, and tailfin tissues from Xiphophorus parental species and F1 hybrids. Relative mRNA levels of uracil N-glycosylase (Ung), Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ape1), polymerase-β (Polb), flap endonuclease (Fen1), and DNA ligase (Lig1) were measured in three parental Xiphophorus species (X. maculatus Jp 163 B, X. helleri Sarabia, and X. andersi andC) and in two interspecies F1 hybrids, the Sp-helleri hybrid (X. maculatus Jp 163 B × X. helleri Sarabia) and the Sp-andersi hybrid (X. maculatus Jp 163 B × X. andersi) to identify genes that undergo changes in expression levels upon interspecies hybridization. Significant differences in gene expression were observed between parental animals and their respective F1 hybrids in both interspecies crosses. Generally, marked increases in DNA repair gene mRNA levels were observed across all tissues in F1 hybrid animals from the Sp-helleri cross compared to either X. maculatus or X. helleri parents. In contrast, the Sp-andersi F1 hybrid animals generally exhibited decreased base-excision repair gene expression, although this trend was more specific to individual tissues than observed for Sp-helleri hybrids.
Usmg Problem Solving and Effective Teaching Frameworks to Promote Reflective Thinking in Preservice Special Educators

As the number of teacher preparation programs that focus on developing reflective practitioners increases, there exists a need to define the components of reflective practice and to examine how var...
Two-dimensional nanoelectromechanical systems (2D NEMS) via atomically-thin semiconducting crystals vibrating at radio frequencies

We report on the initial explorations of engineering atomically-thin semiconducting crystals into a new class of two-dimensional nanoelectromechanical systems (2D NEMS) that are attractive for realizing ultimately thin 2D transducers for embedding in both planar and curved systems. We describe the first resonant NEMS operating at radio frequencies (RF), based on MoS 2 , a hallmark of 2D semiconducting crystals derived from layered materials in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). Through a series of careful measurements and analyses, we demonstrate a family of MoS 2 2D NEMS resonators possessing very high fundamental-mode frequencies (f 0 ∼120MHz, in the VHF band), very broad dynamic range (DR∼70–110dB), rich nonlinear dynamics, and outstanding electrical tunability.
Acquisitions policy for contemporary topics in an academic library: Managing the ephemeral

SUMMARY Acquisition of materials about contemporary topics is a matter of course for selectors in academic settings, yet written policy in that realm is difficult to locate. Considerations important to the selection process are discussed and a suggested policy statement is included.
Some properties of relational expressions

We obtain certain results concerning the power of expressions in relational (calculus and algebra) database sublanguages. Our main results state the undecidability of the equivalence and finite equivalence problems for relational expressions. We also observe that the type of join used in a relational algebra affects the complexity of problems for that algebra. For example, using equi-joins instead of natural joins leads to unnecessarily complex expressions. We relate these results to the problems of query optimization and concurrency control.