cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Food limitation stimulates metamorphosis of competent larvae and alters postmetamorphic growth rate in the marine prosobranch gastropod Crepidula fornicata

The effects of food limitation on growth rates and survival of marine invertebrate larvae have been studied for many years. Far less is known about how food limitation during the larval stage influences length of larval life or postmetamorphic performance. This paper documents the effects of food limitation during larval development (1) on how long the larvae ofCrepidula fornicata (L.) can delay metamorphosis in the laboratory after they have become competent to metamorphose and (2) on postmetamorphic growth rate. To assess the magnitude of nutritional stress imposed by different food concentrations, we measured growth rates (as changes in shell length and ash-free dry weight) for larvae reared in either 0.45-μm filtered seawater or at phytoplankton concentrations (Isoehrysis galbana, clone T-ISO) of 1 × l03, 1 × 104, or 1.8 × 105 cells ml−1. Larvae increased both shell length and biomass at 1 × 104 cells ml−1, although significantly more slowly than at the highest food concentration. Larvae did not significantly increase (p > 0.10) mean shell length in filtered seawater or at a phytoplankton concentration of only 1 × 103 cells ml−1, and in fact lost weight under these conditions. To assess the influence of food limitation on the ability of competent individuals to postpone metamorphosis, larvae were first reared to metamorphic competence on a high food concentration ofI. galbana (1.8 × 105 cells ml−1). When at least 80% of subsampled larvae were competent to metamorphose, as assessed by the numbers of indlviduals metamorphosing in response to elevated K+ concentration in seawater, remaining larvae were transferred either to 0.45-μm filtered seawater or to suspensions of reduced phytoplankton concentration (1 × 103, 1 × 104, or 5 × 104 cells ml−1), or were maintained at 1.8 × 105 cells ml−1. All larvae were monitored daily for metamorphosis. Individuals that metamorphosed in each food treatment were transferred to high ration conditions (1.8 × 105 tells ml−1) for four additional days to monitor postmetamorphic growth. Competent larvae responded to all food-limiting conditions by metamorphosing precociously, typically 1 wk or more before larvae metamorphosed when maintained at the highest food ration. Surprisingly, juveniles reared at full ration grew more slowly if they had spent 2 or 3 d under food-limiting conditions as competent larvae. The data show that a rapid decline in phytoplankton concentration during the larval development ofC. fornicata stimulates metamorphosis, foreshortening the larval dispersal period, and may also reduce the ability of postmetamorphic individuals to grow rapidly even when food concentrations increase.
Enhanced Susceptibility to Urinary Tract Infection in the Spinal Cord-Injured Host with Neurogenic Bladder

Neurogenic bladder predisposes to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) and renal failure, and susceptibility is commonly ascribed to urinary stasis from elevated residual urine volumes. Escherichia coli UTI was modeled in the spinal cord-injured (SCI) rat with the hypothesis that SCI animals would require fewer bacteria to establish infection, have an exaggerated inflammatory response, and have delayed clearance of infection compared to normal-voiding controls. T10 SCI rats and controls had median infectious doses (ID50) of 102 and 105 CFU, respectively. Mean residual volumes in the SCI animals did not correlate with susceptibility to initiation of UTI or outcome. In the acute infection, control and SCI rats developed acute cystitis and pyelitis without acute differences in histopathological scores of inflammation. However, in vivo imaging of infected animals revealed persistently higher levels of bacteria in the SCI urine and bladders than were seen for controls over 2 weeks. Likewise, at 2 weeks, acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrates persisted in the bladders and kidneys of SCI rats, whereas inflammation largely resolved within the controls. Together these data demonstrate that SCI rats exhibit delayed clearance of infection and exaggerated inflammatory responses in bladders and kidneys; however, the severity of residual volumes does not predict increased susceptibility to UTI. These studies suggest that host-dependent mechanisms that are discrete from alterations in bladder physiology influence UTI susceptibility with the SCI-neurogenic bladder. This model will allow elucidation of SCI-neurogenic bladder-mediated changes in host response that yield UTI susceptibility and may lead to new preventative and therapeutic options.
Predictive Avoidance for Ground-Based Laser Illumination

Predictive avoidance determines discrete windows of time for safe laser illumination from a ground-based laser platform. That is, the analysis identiees time periods during which the laser will not inadvertently illuminate a satellite. The geometry of the problem is utilized to elter satellites that cannot possibly be illuminated by a specie c laserplatform. Further, several nongeometric e lters areintroduced toe lterremainingsatellites by removing those which cannot be illuminated by the platform in a specie ed period. Both sets of e lters improve the efe ciency of the analysis by reducing the number of state propagations necessary. A method for determining the times of possible accidental illumination using cubic polynomial approximation is also presented. Finally, a test case is run that considers the entire catalog of objects publicly available from the U.S. Space Command. The complete analysis, which considers the entire catalog as potential victims for one target satellite pass, yields verie ed results in less than 3.5 s on a laptop personal computer running at 266 MHz. Nomenclature c(s ) = cubic spline ellow = minimum topocentric elevation angle at the laser platform f (t) = function that indicates whether potential victim is in safety cone
Detecting the Eureka Effect in Complex Search

In search tasks that show a high complexity, users with zero or little background knowledge usually need to go through a learning curve to accomplish the tasks. In the context of patent prior art finding, we introduce a novel notion of Eureka effect in complex search tasks that leverages the sudden change of user’s perceived relevance observable in the log data. Eureka effect refers to the common experience of sudden understanding a previously incomprehensible problem or concept. We employ non-parametric regression to model the learning curve that exists in learning-intensive search tasks and report our preliminary findings in observing the Eureka effect in patent prior art finding.
Cassini Radar for remote sensing of Titan-design considerations

Cassini Radar is a multimode radar instrument designed to probe the optically inaccessible surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon. The individual modes will allow surface imaging at resolutions ranging from a few hundred meters up to 3 kilometers, surface topographic and backscatter measurements, as well as surface temperature measurements. This instrument has incorporated a number of flexible design features to accommodate the geometric variations in the flyby trajectory and to better utilize the spacecraft resources. >
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Signaling Increases the Invasive Potential of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells via Src-Focal Adhesion Kinase and Forkhead Box Protein M1

Resistance to the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)–targeted antibody trastuzumab is a major clinical concern in the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Increased expression or signaling from the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) has been reported to be associated with trastuzumab resistance. However, the specific molecular and biologic mechanisms through which IGF-1R promotes resistance or disease progression remain poorly defined. In this study, we found that the major biologic effect promoted by IGF-1R was invasion, which was mediated by both Src-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling and Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1). Cotargeting IGF-1R and HER2 using either IGF-1R antibodies or IGF-1R short hairpin RNA in combination with trastuzumab resulted in significant but modest growth inhibition. Reduced invasion was the most significant biologic effect achieved by cotargeting IGF-1R and HER2 in trastuzumab-resistant cells. Constitutively active Src blocked the anti-invasive effect of IGF-1R/HER2 cotargeted therapy. Furthermore, knockdown of FoxM1 blocked IGF-1–mediated invasion, and dual targeting of IGF-1R and HER2 reduced expression of FoxM1. Re-expression of FoxM1 restored the invasive potential of IGF-1R knockdown cells treated with trastuzumab. Overall, our results strongly indicate that therapeutic combinations that cotarget IGF-1R and HER2 may reduce the invasive potential of cancer cells that are resistant to trastuzumab through mechanisms that depend in part on Src and FoxM1.
A Functional Theory of Interacting Local Spins, Spin Polarized Electrons, and Ions: Half Metallic Magnets

Magnetism of manganites such as (La,Ba)MnO3 has a long history going back to 1950, with the discovery of ferromagnetism and metallic conduction upon doping [1]. Zener [2] proposed to explain these phenomena in terms of a “double exchange” mechanism. This spawned several important developments [3,4,5] leading to new implications of this model. Most recently, the observation of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effects [6,7] in these systems has rekindled interest in studying the detailed interplay of magnetism, electronic transport, and structure in these materials. Electronic structure calculations on these systems have been performed [8] and theoretical investigations using modern techniques [9,10,11] have shown the need for self-consistent coupled fields of electrons, localized spins, and ions in this system. In this paper, we offer a functional theory of this type.
A 10-bit 5-Msample/s CMOS two-step flash ADC

A 10-b, 5Msample/s, two-step flash A/D converter fabricated in a 1.6 mu m CMOS process is described. The architecture is based on a resistor string and capacitor arrays and was developed to overcome the disadvantages of the previous approaches, namely flash, pipelined, and classical two-step converters. With minimal capacitor matching requirements and comparator offset voltage cancellation, the converter is monotonic. To minimize charge-injection errors the converter is fully differential. A high-speed comparator architecture using three comparator stages was designed to provide a gain of more than 1000, and a comparison time of less than 10 ns. The total area of the converter excluding the bonding pads is 54 kmil/sup 2/. Power dissipation is 350 mW, of which 60 mW is dissipated in the resistor string. >
Hierarchical multithreading: programming model and system software

This paper addresses the underlying sources of performance degradation (e.g. latency, overhead, and starvation) and the difficulties of programmer productivity (e.g. explicit locality management and scheduling, performance tuning, fragmented memory, and synchronous global barriers) to dramatically enhance the broad effectiveness of parallel processing for high end computing. We are developing a hierarchical threaded virtual machine (HTVM) that defines a dynamic, multithreaded execution model and programming model, providing an architecture abstraction for HEC system software and tools development. We are working on a prototype language, LITL-X (pronounced "little-X") for Latency Intrinsic-Tolerant Language, which provides the application programmers with a powerful set of semantic constructs to organize parallel computations in a way that hides/manages latency and limits the effects of overhead. This is quite different from locality management, although the intent of both strategies is to minimize the effect of latency on the efficiency of computation. We will work on a dynamic compilation and runtime model to achieve efficient LITL-X program execution. Several adaptive optimizations will be studied. A methodology of incorporating domainspecific knowledge in program optimization will be studied. Finally, we plan to implement our method in an experimental testbed for a HEC architecture and perform a qualitative and quantitative evaluation on selected applications.
Energy conservation in the transient response of nonlinear beam vibration problems subjected to pulse loading - A numerical approach

The nonlinear vibration response of a double cantilevered beam subjected to pulse loading over a central sector is studied. The initial response is generated in detail to ascertain the energetics of the response. The total energy is used as a gauge of the stability and accuracy of the solution. It is shown that to obtain accurate and stable initial solutions an extremely high spatial and time resolution is required. This requirement was only evident through an examination of the energy of the system. It is proposed, therefore, to use the total energy of the system as a necessary stability and accuracy criterion for the nonlinear response of conservative systems. The results also demonstrate that even for moderate nonlinearities, the effects of membrane forces have a significant influence on the system. It is also shown that while the fundamental response is contained in a first mode envelope, the fluctuations caused by the higher order modes must be resolved.
Periodic resource model for compositional real-time guarantees

We address the problem of providing compositional hard real-time guarantees in a hierarchy of schedulers. We first propose a resource model to characterize a periodic resource allocation and present exact schedulability conditions for our proposed resource model under the EDF and RM algorithms. Using the exact schedulability conditions, we then provide methods to abstract the timing requirements that a set of periodic tasks demands under the EDF and RM algorithms as a single periodic task. With these abstraction methods, for a hierarchy of schedulers, we introduce a composition method that derives the timing requirements of a parent scheduler from the timing requirements of its child schedulers in a compositional manner such that the timing requirement of the parent scheduler is satisfied, if and only if the timing requirements of its child schedulers are satisfied.
Does Local Religiosity Impact Corporate Social Responsibility

Recent research indicates the social norms of geographic areas where firms are headquartered have an impact on corporate decision-making. Drawing on instrumental stakeholder theory and social norm theory, we extend this line of research by examining the influence of local religiosity on corporate social responsibility (CSR). This study shows that firms headquartered in areas with a strong religious presence receive lower ratings for CSR, and the market rewards these firms for their choices. Our findings contribute to understanding factors that impact individual firm choices regarding CSR as well as demonstrating the role of religious attitudes in corporate behavior.
Melorheostosis in children. Clinical features and natural history

Experience in the management of fourteen children with melorheostosis has been reviewed. The principal and presenting clinical features were unilateral soft-tissue contractures associated with inequality of limb length. In contrast to the disease in adults, pain occurred infrequently and was never intense. The average interval between the discovery of the clinical features and the correct diagnosis was six years. The distinctive radiographic feature in the child was an endosteal pattern of hyperostosis marked by streakiness of the long bones and spotting of the small. This differs from the usual subperiosteal or extracortical pattern of hyperostosis seen in adults. The surgical treatment of the contractures proved difficult and recurrence of the deformity was the rule. Distal ischaemia occurred when the chronically contracted and flexed joint was rapidly extended.
Ethics of Caring in Environmental Ethics: Indigenous and Feminist Philosophies

Indigenous ethics and feminist care ethics offer a range of related ideas and tools for environmental ethics. These ethics delve into deep connections and moral commitments between nonhumans and humans to guide ethical forms of environmental decision making and environmental science. Indigenous and feminist movements such as the Mother Earth Water Walk and the Green Belt Movement are ongoing examples of the effectiveness of on-the-ground environmental care ethics. Indigenous ethics highlight attentive caring for the intertwined needs of humans and nonhumans within interdependent communities. Feminist environmental care ethics emphasize the importance of empowering communities to care for themselves and the social and ecological communities in which their lives and interests are interwoven. The gendered, feminist, historical, and anticolonial dimensions of care ethics, indigenous ethics, and other related approaches provide rich ground for rethinking and reclaiming the nature and depth of diverse relationships as the fabric of social and ecological being.
Workshop Report: “On Muzhiming”: Second Workshop of the New Frontiers in the Study of Medieval China, Reed College, May 23–24, 2016

The second workshop of the New Frontiers in the Study of Medieval China Series on Muzhiming was held on May 23–24, 2016, at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. The workshop was organized by Jessey Ch...
Laser-based cell printing techniques for additive biomanufacturing

Abstract Additive manufacturing guided by computer-aided technologies has enabled new possibilities in tissue engineering. Laser-based cell printing techniques are at the forefront due to the ability to deposit single cells with high accuracy and reproducibility (1 cell, +/−2 μm, 500 cells/sec). Engineered tissue constructs can now be fabricated by layered manufacturing with single cell precision and complete heterogeneous fidelity. As such, researchers are taking aim at fundamental challenges within tissue engineering, including vascularization. Laser direct write techniques are being utilized to fabricate vasculature and investigate vascular interactions with the goal to produce larger tissue substitutes that to this point have been restricted by nutrient flow (
142 REAL-TIME ELECTROCORTICOGRAPHIC BRAIN MAPPING.

We present and demonstrate a novel method for mapping local function in the brain using the power in the 76 to 200 Hz range (“chi band”) of the electrocorticographic (ECoG) signal. Current functional localization is based in electrical stimulation, and this method provides a new and compelling complement for real-time functional brain mapping. We implemented a simple integration of log power in this chi band (CBP) to functionally localize hand and language areas. Video taken during the real-time experiment demonstrates the efficacy of this technique during language and motor tasks, and interpolated brain maps from post hoc analyses illustrate the power of the method in a simple, intuitive manner. This novel method has potential use immediately for functional brain mapping in the context of neurosurgery.
Complexity of the Relationships of Pain, Posttraumatic Stress, and Depression in Combat-Injured Populations: An Integrative Review to Inform Evidence-Based Practice.

Background Understanding the complex interrelationships between combat injuries, physical health, and mental health symptoms is critical to addressing the healthcare needs of wounded military personnel and veterans. The relationship between injury characteristics, pain, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression among combat-injured military personnel is unique to modern conflicts and understudied in the nursing literature. Aim This integrative review synthesizes clinical presentations and relationships of combat injury, PTSD, depression, and pain in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) United States military service members and veterans. Methods A literature search was conducted using relative key terms across databases to identify peer-reviewed publications between 2001 and 2016 that examined health outcomes of combat-injured persons in OEF and OIF. The quality of evidence was evaluated and results synthesized to examine the association of combat injury as a risk factor for PTSD, the relationship of PTSD and depression pre- and postinjury, and pain management throughout care. Results Twenty-two articles were included in this review. Greater injury and pain severity poses risks for developing PTSD following combat injury, while early symptom management lessens risks for PTSD. Depression appears to be both a contributing risk factor to postinjury PTSD, as well as a comorbidity. Linking evidence to action Findings demonstrate a compelling need for improvements in standardized assessment of pain and mental health symptoms across transitions in care. This integrative review informs nurse researchers and providers of the clinical characteristics of pain, PTSD, and depression following combat injury and offers implications for future research promoting optimal surveillance of symptoms.
Placebo: A Clinically Significant Quantum Effect

[A]n important lesson in physic is here to be learnt, the wonderful and powerful influence of the passions of the mind upon the state and disorder of the body.” John Haygarth, 1801
Shoulder Injury and Response Due to Lateral Glenohumeral Joint Impact: An Analysis of Combined Data

Several lateral impact studies have already been performed on the shoulder to determine the response characteristics and injury threshold of the shoulder complex. This research sought to combine the results of these tests in order to improve our understanding of the biomechanical response and injury tolerance of the shoulder. Twenty-two low speed tests and 9 high speed tests were selected from the combined data for developing corridors for side impact dummies. Logistic analyses were performed on the combined data sets to determine the best predictors of MAIS-2 shoulder injuries. Maximum normalized shoulder deflection and Cmax had p values of 0.0000 and were the best predictors of shoulder injuries. For the 50th percentile male, a shoulder deflection of 40 mm and a Cmax of 20% corresponded to a 50% risk of MAIS-2 shoulder injury. In linear regression analysis, maximum normalized medial scapula X acceleration and maximum normalized sternum X acceleration were best related with the shoulder deflection and confirmed the forward movement of the sternum and rearward movement of the scapula.
Superradiance transition in one-dimensional nanostructures: An effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formalism

Using an energy-independent non-Hermitian Hamiltonian approach to open systems, we fully describe transport through a sequence of potential barriers as external barriers are varied. Analyzing the complex eigenvalues of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian model, a transition to a superradiant regime is shown to occur. Transport properties undergo a strong change at the superradiance transition, where the transmission is maximized and a drastic change in the structure of resonances is demonstrated. Finally, we analyze the effect of the superradiance transition in the Anderson localized regime.
The Effect of Analysts' Disaggregated Forecasts on Investors and Managers: Evidence Using Pre-Tax Forecasts

ABSTRACT I examine whether analysts' tax forecasts are informative to investors and whether analysts' tax forecasts impact firm behavior. Using I/B/E/S data from 2002–2014, I find that investors ut...
Modeling of Converter Losses with High Fidelity in a Physically Based Object-Oriented Way

Converters are a vital part of modern-day power systems. Converter losses are essential in determining the efficiency of power delivery. This paper presents a physically based modeling of converters for accurate evaluation of converter losses. It is a novel approach that can compute total losses for any type of converters with high fidelity as well as the distribution of losses among the various components of the converter. A standard modeling syntax is described in detail. Two example converters are constructed and their performance and losses are evaluated to demonstrate the usefulness of this modeling technique. Simulation results show that the method provides the total converter losses as well as the losses of each part of the converter components, making it an excellent tool for identifying the parts of a converter where most of losses occur. This information can be used for design optimization.
Is it possible to reconcile extragalactic IMF variations with a universal Milky Way IMF

One of the most robust observations of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is its near-universality in the Milky Way and neighbouring galaxies. But recent observations of early-type galaxies can be interpreted to imply a ‘bottom-heavy’ IMF, while others of ultrafaint dwarfs could imply a ‘top-heavy’ IMF. This would impose powerful constraints on star formation models. We explore what sort of ‘cloud-scale’ IMF models could possibly satisfy these constraints. We utilize simulated galaxies that reproduce (broadly) the observed galaxy properties, while they also provide the detailed star formation history and properties of each progenitor star-forming cloud. We then consider generic models where the characteristic mass of the IMF is some arbitrary power-law function of progenitor cloud properties, along with well-known literature IMF models which scale with Jeans mass, ‘turbulent Bonnor–Ebert mass’, temperature, the opacity limit, metallicity, or the ‘protostellar heating mass’. We show that no IMF models currently in the literature – nor any model where the turnover mass is an arbitrary power-law function of a combination of cloud temperature/density/size/metallicity/velocity dispersion/magnetic field – can reproduce the claimed IMF variation in ellipticals or dwarfs without severely violating observational constraints in the Milky Way. Specifically, they predict too much variation in the ‘extreme’ environments of the Galaxy compared to that observed. Either the IMF varies in a more complicated manner, or alternative interpretations of the extragalactic observations must be explored.
Feeling the sting? Addressing land-use changes can mitigate bee declines

Abstract Pollinators are an essential component of functioning and sustainable agroecosystems. Despite their critical economic and ecological role, wild and managed bees are declining throughout the United States and across the globe. Commercial beekeepers lost nearly 40.5% of their colonies in 2015–2016 and estimated wild bee abundance declined 23% between 2008 and 2013. These losses are due to a number of factors—including parasites, pesticides, and pathogens—but one key driver is the loss of habitat and floral resources necessary for pollinator survival. Here, we trace how land-use changes, and the policies and land management practices behind them, have played a role in diminishing floral resources and provide steps that can be taken to mitigate forage and habitat loss due to land-use changes. By addressing land-use changes and their drivers, considerable progress can be made toward mitigating bee declines and achieving national goals for pollinator health.
Origins of the African Yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa, leguminosae): evidence from morphology, isozymes, chloroplast DNA, and linguistics

Cladistic and phenetic analyses of morphological, chloroplast DNA, and isozyme variation were used to examine relationships among multiple accessions of Sphenostylis sten ocarpa, representing wild and cultivated populations from throughout the range of the species. In morphometric and isozyme analyses, greater variability was detected among wild than among cultivated populations, and no differentiation was found between races cultivated for tubers and those cultivated for seeds. cpDNA data, however, revealed five groups of plastomes within S. stenocarpa: one in accessions cultivated for tubers, one in accessions cultivated for seeds, and three among wild accessions. Linguistic evidence and observations on the uses of the species in its two main areas of cultivation suggest independent origins of tuber- and seed- cultivated races. The data support two alternative explanations for the distribution of extant cultivated accessions ofS. stenocarpa. The first hypothesis is that the species was domesticated independently in western and central Africa, but that domestication events involved selection from a single restricted gene pool. The second hypothesis is that a single domestication event occurred in one of the two areas, but that human dispersal to the second area occurred prior to dispersal within either area.
Occipital hemi‐bun development and shape covariation in a longitudinal extant human growth sample

OBJECTIVES Although the homology of the Neanderthal occipital bun and anatomically modern human "hemi-bun" has long been debated, little is known about the developmental timing and patterning of these two patterns of prominent occipital squama convexity. In this study, occipital hemi-bun ontogeny and cranial shape covariation are assessed in a comparative extant human sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two-dimensional geometric morphometric methods were used to investigate hemi-bun development in a longitudinal sample of growth study cephalograms representing extant human subjects predominantly of European ancestry. Subjects were each measured at three distinct age points, ranging from 3.0 to 20.4 years, and two-block partial least squares analysis was used to assess patterns of covariation between midsagittal occipital bone morphology and other aspects of craniofacial shape. RESULTS Occipital hemi-bun morphology, when present, was found to develop early in ontogeny, in association with anteroposterior elongation of the frontal and parietal bones. No significant pattern of covariation was found between occipital hemi-bun shape and cranial/basicranial breadth, basicranial length, basicranial angle, or midfacial prognathism. DISCUSSION This study suggests that the occipital hemi-bun, at least in this extant human population, should not be considered an independent trait, as its development is closely linked to shape variation in the frontal and parietal bones. Importantly, these results suggest that occipital hemi-bun morphology is not significantly influenced by basicranial morphology during development, but instead covaries with changes in midsagittal neurocranial vault shape.
Affirmative Action Goals and Timetables: To o Tough? Not Tough Enough!

Given all the media hoopla over the Supreme Court's recent approval of racially and sexually defined employment goals and timetables,1 one would think that a weapon of awesome power and broad scope had been added to the enforcement arsenal of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [EEOC or the Commission].2 I am sorry to disappoint you, but the availability of goals and timetables will not mean the end of employment discrimination. Goals and timetables, long a popular rallying cry among some who claim to be concerned with the right to equal employment opportunity, have become a sideshow in the war on discrimination. The vast majority of all charges of employment discrimination now filed with the EEOC involve violations for which goals and timetables are not
Imaging Features and Metastatic Patterns of Advanced ALK-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

OBJECTIVE. ALK rearrangements are an established targetable oncogenic driver in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The goal of this study was to determine the imaging features of the primary tumor...
Differential contribution of cyclooxygenase to basal cerebral blood flow and hypoxic cerebral vasodilation

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is proposed to regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF); however, accurate regional contributions of COX are relatively unknown at baseline and particularly during hypoxia. We hypoth...
Evaluating 18F-16B-fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone (FDHT) and FDG-PET as a measure of disease progression in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

5090 Background: Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 defines radiographic progression as new lesions on bone scan. Molecular imaging has potential as a biomarker that reflects both alterations in disea...
MYT1L: A systematic review of genetic variation encompassing schizophrenia and autism.

Variations in MYT1L, a gene encoding a transcription factor expressed in the brain, have been associated with autism, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. Here we provide an updated review of published reports of neuropsychiatric correlates of loss of function and duplication of MYT1L. Of 27 duplications all were partial; 33% were associated exclusively with schizophrenia, and the chromosomal locations of schizophrenia-associated duplications exhibited a distinct difference in pattern-of-location from those associated with autism and/or intellectual disability. Of 51 published heterozygous loss of function variants, all but one were associated with intellectual disability, autism, or both, and one resulted in no neuropsychiatric diagnosis. There were no reports of schizophrenia associated with loss of function variants of MYT1L (Fisher's exact p < .00001, for contrast with all reported duplications). Although the precise function of the various mutations remains unspecified, these data collectively establish the candidacy of MYT1L as a reciprocal mutation, in which schizophrenia may be engendered by partial duplications, typically involving the 3' end of the gene, while developmental disability-notably autism-is associated with both loss of function and partial duplication. Future research on the specific effects of contrasting mutations in MYT1L may provide insight into the causal origins of autism and schizophrenia.
Chapter 3 – Beam-Columns

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an understanding of buckling of some simple structural members and frames, and it presents a few methods that can be successfully used to arrive at the critical condition. A slender member meeting the Euler-Bernoulli-Navier hypotheses under transverse loads and inplane compressive load is called a beam-column. An exact analysis of a beam-column can only be accomplished by solving the governing differential equation or its derivatives. The behavior of a compression member under increasing load can be seen most clearly by calculating the bending stresses and lateral deflections that occur as the axial load is gradually applied. In the case of a simple beam-column subjected to a uniform lateral load, the midspan deflection is amplified in a similar manner as in the case of a concentrated load. It is the modern trend that the design specifications are developed using the probability-based load and resistance factor design concepts—the load carrying capacity of each structural member all the way up to its ultimate strength needs to be evaluated. Since the ultimate strength of a structural member frequently involves yielding, it becomes necessary to work with the complexities of inelastic behavior in the analysis. Inelastic bending is difficult to analyze because the stress-strain relation varies in a complex manner both along the member and across the section once the proportional limit has been exceeded.
Relationship Between Tick Activity, Tick-Borne Diseases, Cognitive and Affective Risk Assessment in Peri-domestic Areas.

Peri-domestic areas constitute an important source of tick exposure and tick-borne diseases (TBD). Nonetheless, the association between distal TBD risk factors (i.e. cognitive-/affective-risk perceptions, knowledge of the effectiveness of personal protective behaviors) and proximal TBD risk (i.e. tick activity and TBD diagnosis), among adult residents of private residential properties (PRP) is unknown. Data was collected from 299 PRP in south and central Indiana. We used Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric tests to identify differences in proximal and distal outcome measures. We found evidence of ‘tick activity’ at thirty-nine percent of PRP (n = 116). Thirteen-percent of respondents (n = 40) self-reported a TBD diagnosis within their household. We found no significant association between ‘self-reported TBD diagnosis within a household’ and ‘tick activity in the peri-domestic area.’ Mean scores on ‘affective tick & TBD risk assessment’ were significantly higher among respondents when ‘tick activity’ was present in the peri-domestic area (median = 2, M = 2.54, p < 0.001). Similarly, respondents who ‘self-reported TBD diagnosis within their household’ had significantly higher mean scores on ‘affective tick & TBD risk assessment’ (median = 3, M = 3.30) than those who did not (median = 1, M = 1.93), (U = 2750, p < 0.001). The proportion of peri-domestic areas with ‘tick activity’ was significantly higher if the primary respondent was male or an older adult respectively, compared to females and younger adults. Occupational/recreation-based settings may be more important pathways of tick exposure than peri-domestic settings in Indiana. Beyond education, it is important to consider the feelings and emotions that are elicited when at-risk populations consider their peri-domestic tick exposure and TBD risk, and where necessary design interventions to address those affective assessments.
A diketopyrrolopyrrole conjugated polymer based on 4,4ʹ-difluoro-2,2ʹ-bithiophene for organic thin-film transistors and organic photovoltaics

Abstract The synthesis of 4,4ʹ-difluoro-2,2ʹ-bithiophene is reported and an alternating donor-acceptor copolymer of this moiety and diketopyrrolopyrrole has been prepared. This polymer has a lower highest occupied molecular orbital than its non-fluorinated analogue polymer. Organic thin film transistors based on this polymer showed p-type charge transport behavior and a hole mobility of 0.21 cm2 V−1 s−1 in bottom-gate bottom-contact devices. Organic solar cells using this polymer as donor and [6,6]-Phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester as acceptor achieved a power conversion efficiency of 3.4% with a high fill factor of 69%. Our morphology analysis showed that there was a lack of long-range ordered structure in the neat polymer thin film, which could cause the inferior device performance.
Does Wound Management Technique Impact Surgical Site Infection in Open Emergency Colon Procedures

BackgroundEmergency open large bowel procedures have higher rates of intraoperative contamination and increased risk of surgical site infection (SSI) than elective colon surgeries. Several wound ma...
Defeating the Terminator: How Remastered Albums May Help Record Companies Avoid Copyright Termination

Starting in 2013, copyright owners can begin terminating copyright grants made thirty-five years earlier. In the music industry, this termination right could harm the profits of record companies, which rely on valuable older recordings to drive profits. But all is not lost for these record companies, as termination is not guaranteed. Congress excluded certain types of work from termination, including derivative works. After outlining the standards courts use to determine what constitutes a derivative work and how remastered albums are made, this Note analyzes whether remastered albums will be considered derivative works and thus not subject to termination. The Note concludes that, generally, remastered albums should be considered derivative works. Finally, the Note argues that allowing record companies to continue to utilize these remastered recordings furthers the legislative purposes of both the termination provision and the derivative works exception.
Yes, Self-Pardons Are Constitutional, Even for Donald Trump

Lauren Mordacq’s recent article argues that Donald Trump does not have the power to issue a self-pardon. However, she leaves out significant counterarguments, and the evidence she presents to support her conclusion—properly understood—works to undermine it. With Joe Biden possessing a sizable lead in early polling, the issue of a presidential self-pardon could move from a purely theoretical question among constitutional scholars to one for the Supreme Court in Donald Trump’s last days as President. Indeed, Trump has even claimed that he has “the absolute right to PARDON [him]self . . .” This critical review of Mordacq’s article covers the plain reading of the pardon clause, historical considerations, the impeachment exception, Supreme Court case law, and the importance of objective principles for making such determinations regardless of who the President is.
Experimental study correlating damage and permeability in concrete using confined, flattened Brazilian disks:

This research experimentally studies coupled hydro-mechanical relationships using flattened Brazilian disks under confinement, with concurrent permeability measurements and acoustic emission monito...
Durability and Failure Modes of Concrete Beams Strengthened with Polyurethane or Epoxy CFRP

Abstract Externally bonded carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are increasingly being used for repair of concrete infrastructure. Both the mechanical performance and the long-term dur...
Compute-in-eDRAM with Backend Integrated Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Transistors

With rapid growth in data intensive applications, there is an ever-increasing need for energy efficient machine learning/AI hardware accelerators. The performance and the energy efficiency of such accelerators are primarily limited due of massive amount of data movement between processing engines and the off-chip memory. This memory wall bottleneck can be mitigated by performing accelerator specific computations in the memory (CIM) array embedded with the rest of the logic blocks. Multiple embedded memory technologies are being explored to advance CIM designs. Among these, embedded Dynamic Random Access Memory (eDRAM) using backend of the line (BEOL) integrated C-Axis Aligned Crystalline (CAAC) Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (IGZO) transistors is a promising candidate. IGZO transistor having extremely low leakage when used as an access transistor of the eDRAM bitcell can enable multi-level cell (MLC) eDRAM functionality. Moreover, higher bandwidth can be achieved by 3D stacking multiple layers of BEOL integrated IGZO devices in a monolithic manner improving the CIM performance. In this paper, we analyze various IGZO based eDRAM bitcell topologies and present an IGZO eDRAM CIM architecture. It supports 8-bit inputs/activations and 8-bit signed weights. 2-bit Flash Analog to Digital converter (ADC) is used for MLC weight bit read sensing. A representative neural network model using IGZO eDRAM and peripheral 8-b A/D converters based CIM design achieves 80% Top-1 inference accuracy for the CIFAR- 10 dataset, which is within 3% of ideal software accuracy.
Proton distribution visualization in perovskite nickelate devices utilizing nanofocused x rays

We use a 30-nm x-ray beam to study the spatially resolved properties of a ${\mathrm{SmNiO}}_{3}$-based nanodevice that is doped with protons. The x-ray absorption spectra supported by density-functional theory simulations show partial reduction of nickel valence in the region with high proton concentration, which leads to the insulating behavior. Concurrently, x-ray diffraction reveals only a small lattice distortion in the doped regions. Together, our results directly show that the knob which proton doping modifies is the electronic valency and not the crystal lattice. The studies are relevant to ongoing efforts to disentangle structural and electronic effects across metal-insulator phase transitions in correlated oxides.
The Role of Oxygen in the Skin-Sparing Effect of Flash Proton Irradiation.

Purpose/Objective(s) Ultra-high dose rate irradiation (Flash irradiation) has been proved to be able to spare normal tissues. Radiation-induced oxygen depletion might contribute to the effect. In the present study, we try to verify the protective effect of Flash proton irradiation on the skin and highlight the association of oxygen with it. Materials/Methods A Flash proton experimental platform utilizing a 228.9 MeV proton beam was established to generate a homogenous field of 1.2I1.6 cm2. Physical dosimetry and biological experiments with normal air condition cultured cells were conducted to affirm the dose. Two biologically independent experiments were conducted at the doses of 25 Gy and 27 Gy respectively. The skin tattoos were made by intracutaneously injected Indian ink to help to detect the contraction fraction. The mice of the Flash+O2 cohort were kept inside a designed chamber from 6 minutes before irradiation to the end of the exposure. Tying the legs of the hypoxic cohorts for 3 minutes helped to generate an anoxic skin condition. The epidermis thickness of the 25 Gy irradiated mice was measured with the hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides. Results Compared with the 27 Gy conventional dose rate (CDR) irradiated group, the same dose of Flash proton irradiation led to less skin contraction. The contraction fraction of the Flash irradiated oxygen-breathing group was similar to that of the normal CDR group but was significantly different from the Flash group. No difference was detected between the hypoxic 27 Gy Flash and CDR cohorts. The skin contraction fractions of each cohort at 72 days after irradiation were showed in Table 1. An essentially identical Flash effect was obtained at 25 Gy (P = 0.0073, Flash vs CDR). The epidermis thickness of the Flash group was comparable to the control group, whereas the CDR irradiation caused epidermal incrassation. Conclusion Flash proton irradiation decreased the skin contraction and epidermis thickness of mice. This effect is related to oxygen depletion during the irradiation procedure. Table 1. Skin contraction fractions at 72 days after irradiation (x ± SD)
Being White: Stories of Race and Racism

Acknowledgements Foreword - Joe Feagin Preface: A white woman from the South 1. 'I could tell my life story without mentioning race:' Exploring everyday whiteness 2. 'I began to see how important race could be:' Turning points in whiteness 3. 'Being born in the U.S. to white parents is almost boring:' Whiteness as indescribable and meaningless 4. 'I feel whiteness when I hear people blaming whites:' Whiteness as culturally stigmatized 5. 'I was the loser in this rat race:' Whiteness as economically disadvantaged 6. 'Being white is like being free:' Whiteness and the potential for anti-racism Appendices: A. Sample Validity B. Regional Differences C. Autobiography Guide
Magnetic Defects Signal Failure of Abelian Projection Gauges in QCD

Magnetically charged Abelian defects are shown to arise on most compact base manifolds and in most Abelian projection gauges. They obey the Dirac quantisation condition and give rise to homogeneous magnetic background fields. The reasons for their occurrence are global failures of the procedure with which gauge covariant operators are diagonalised or their eigenphases extracted. Defects related to the former case are string-like; for the latter case they resemble domain walls. Either configuration forms the generic case and indicates a failure of gauge fixing as continuity and periodicity properties of the functional space are changed. These results are first obtained in canonically quantised QCD_{3+1} and path integral QCD_{2+1} on the torus for the modified axial gauge which keeps only the eigenphases as dynamical variables of the Wilson line in the x_3-direction. In the end, they are extended to other gauges, dimensions and standard manifolds.