cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving Father Involvement in Child Welfare Practice and Research: Conceptual Considerations from the Social Science Literature.

The positive benefits to children of their fathers' involvement in their lives have been well documented in the social science literature. This article reviews related child welfare literature and argues that several important concepts informing father involvement research in the social sciences—the significance of the parents' relationship, the potentially dangerous behaviors of fathers, and emerging trends in low-income families—need to be incorporated into work on father involvement in the child welfare context, in order to maximize the effectiveness of involvement efforts as well as the potential benefits to children. Implications for child welfare practice include the need for intensive involvement efforts, attention to fathers' progress in treatment, services to strengthen parental relationships and improve coparenting, and expansion of service eligibility to all those who play parental roles in children's lives. Implications for research include the need for studies examining the different kinds of...
Analysis on Teaching Materials and Publications of Sports Institutes during "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" Period:Taking Capital University of Physical Education and Sports as Example

Teaching materials and the publication work is an important indicator to reflect a school teaching and academic level.This article selects the circumstance such as composer,publishing units,impression edition of teaching materials and works in the "eleventh five-year plan" period of the Capital University of Physical Education and Sports to classification research,in-depth analysis and summarizes the characteristics of publications during this period of teaching materials,and offering a proposal for the teaching materials construction content and direction during "twelve five-year plan " of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,hoping to further advance the teaching material construction and reform work.
Progress of Diangosis and Treatment in Children with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a quite common disease,and it is a functional enteropathy that characterized by abdomen discomfort or pain,diarrhea,constipation or the mix of both.At present the clinical diagnosis refers to the Roman Ⅱ standard,but it is easy to create leaks examines.In 2006,the new Roman Ⅲ standard let clinician have a more objective basis regarding diagnosis of children with IBS.Its treatment is a complex therapy based on the symptom and serious degree of the symptom.The author will introduce children with IBS with emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment progress.
The predictive value of increased sentinel lymph node volume in breast cancer.

Abstract Background Breast cancer sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) with metastases (mets) are often palpably enlarged. We hypothesized that the volume of the SLN and the size of mets are directly related. SLNs harboring mets are often firm, with increased intra-nodal pressure (INP), and we hypothesized that SLN volume, as well as INP, would correlate directly with SLN metastasis size. Methods The SLN volume, INP and met size were measured in 296 SLNs and compared using linear regression analysis. The SLNs were subsequently grouped based upon pN stage. SLN INP and volume were compared between these resultant groups. Results Increased SLN volume significantly predicted increased SLN met size on univariate and multivariate analysis ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). SLN met size predicted increased SLN INP on both univariate and multivariate analysis (both p = 0.001 ). SLN volume only significantly correlated with increased SLN INP on univariate analysis ( p = 0.001 ). On subgroup analysis of nodal disease, pN1/2/3 nodes (SLN met sizes >2 mm) were significantly larger ( p = 0.039 and p = 0.003 , respectively) than pN0 and pN1(mi) nodes, and had significantly increased INP (all p = 0.001) as compared to pN0, pN0(i+), and pN1(mi) nodes. Conclusions SLN volume and INP increased with increasing SLN met size. The threshold met size for this increase was >2 mm (pN1 disease).
Harm, Equality, and the Common Interest: Towards a Framework for an Activist Liberalism

On most egalitarian liberal accounts,1 constitutional rights are seen as protecting the individual from certain kinds of interference with basic liberties by the state. The theoretical concern informing such rights is of course the familiar anxiety about abuse of government power. In order to check this concern, centered particularly around state interference in private morality, liberal theorists — both classical and contemporary — have developed the familiar, even cliched, notion of the state’s role as a neutral facilitator of a ‘marketplace of ideas,’ within which competing notions of the good life may be articulated freely, with the state favoring no one view over another. If the state’s role is confined to neutral facilitation of private citizens’ ideas, then the stateâ€™s confinement in that role is apt to render it benign.
Query-Dependent Feature Weighting

This chapter extends the basic MRF model by automatically learning query-dependent concept weights. The extension is a generic framework for learning the importance of query term concepts in a way that directly optimizes an underlying retrieval metric. By implementing concept weighting directly into the underlying retrieval model it avoids the issue of metric divergence. The chapter concludes with a rigorous experimental evaluation that demonstrates this weighting strategy is capable of yielding strong gains in retrieval effectiveness.
Strategic Thoughts About Solution-Focused Therapy

This chapter examines the problems arising in therapy with clients who are unmotivated to change in light of research on the change process. It discusses three kinds of therapeutic relationship—visitor, complainant, and customer—and focuses on the question of how to deal with clients who complain about their current circumstances but are unmotivated to change. It suggests going beyond the approach of solution-focused therapy when it fails, and employing strategic techniques. Clinical illustrations are included.
Fueled by Symbiosis, Foraminifera have Evolved to be Giant Complex Protists

One may wonder in the framework of this book, and in context with the well-balanced chapter by Stambler, why foraminifera have been singled out to be the focus of a separate chapter. The answer is simple. Foraminifera are generally less well known, and they exemplify the power by which symbiosis can drive evolution of a predisposed and malleable group of organisms. As foraminifera are relatively small, when compared with corals and other invertebrates in the same semi- and tropical well-illuminated marine habitats, they are easily overlooked. At times, they form beaches of “living” and “star-sands” (Fig. 1e), and are so abundant that they can be scooped up with a spoon. Snorklers and SCUBA divers can see them as underwater “Christmas tree ornaments” on sea grasses or on macrophyte algae (Fig. 1c). Their tests are composed of CaCO3 and they fossilize well. Testimonial to their abundance in the Tethys Sea are the mountains of fossilized limestone formed from their tests (Fig. 1a, b, d) and quarried to build the Egyptian pyramids. Also intriguing is the fact that different types of algae have driven various lines of foraminifera to evolve tens to hundreds of times larger in size and considerably more complex than their ancestors. Modern larger foraminifera are the hosts for a greater variety of symbionts than any other marine group (Lee, 2006). With respect to symbiont type, there is some specificity. Those larger foraminifera that normally host diatoms have never been observed to host dinoflagellates. Similarly, those that host dinoflagellates never host diatoms, chlorophytes, or rhodophytes and so forth.
Surrogate based modeling and optimization of plasmonic thin film organic solar cells

Abstract In this study, we demonstrate that surrogate models can be trained and used to accurately predict the optical properties of thin film solar cells and to optimize their structures. We consider organic an active thin film poly(3-hexylthiophene):(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric-acid-methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) layer coated by indium-free highly conductivepolymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on top with aluminum as cathode, and study optical absorptivity enhancement of such a structure when embedded with periodic spherical silver nano-particles. Metallic nano-structures, including textures, gratings and particles are known to induce plasmonic effects on the surface and inside absorbing semiconductors, thereby increasing light trapping in thin film cells. However, design of such structures requires precise characterization of the dependencies of electromagnetic field distribution to geometry parameters and material choices. Optical properties of structures at sub-wavelength scales are measured by numerically solving first principle electromagnetic equations, e.g., by means of finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. These methods are time-consuming, and therefore limit the possibility of exhaustive optimization. Surrogate modeling can be used to overcome this challenge. In the present work, we design a two-layer neural network (NN) surrogate model to estimate the optical absorptivity of the cell for any given geometry vector as well as any radiation wavelength and incident angle. Training of the network is done using the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) method with generalization techniques such as early stopping and Bayesian regularization using a pool of training and validation data. The resulting surrogate model is first demonstrated to yield accurate out-of-sample estimation of absorptivity. Then, the model is used to investigate the individual contributions of each input by means of sensitivity analysis. In addition, optimization of the parameters is efficiently done using the surrogate model for different source light irradiance spectra and incident angles. Resulting optimizations are very efficient. At the end, solutions found by surrogate-based optimization demonstrate enhancement factors greater than 270% for optical absorptivity.
Using the Microcomputer in Transferring Data Analysis Skills

(1984). Using the Microcomputer in Transferring Data Analysis Skills. The Journal of Data Education: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 23-26.
A natural language normalization approach to enhance social media text reasoning

Social media has become a popular data source to track and analyze societal events. Targeted domains such as election, civil unrest, and spreading disease all require a natural language normalization tool capable of extracting information pertinent to these domains accurately. Due to the unstructured language, short-length messages, casual posting styles, and homonyms, it is technically difficult and labor-intensive to remove barriers that may lead to inaccurate analysis. Because the fact that typos or other symbolic representations of sentiment may lead to lower frequency of term appearance, language preprocessing becomes critical and necessary to improve social media text reasoning. We propose a novel unsupervised preprocessing approach to enhance text understanding quality and illustrate this approach using one specific domain, flu shot reasoning. The proposed approach relies on a database of synonyms and opposite words and an algorithm to transform negative sentences into its affirmative form. In this form, the features and opinions are reflected accurately via transforming parts of speech. For instance, features are presented as nouns and opinions are presented as verbs or adjectives. The algorithm also corrects words if they are not correctly written and normalizes them to increase its frequency of appearance. The effectiveness of our algorithm is evaluated on the tweets dataset to answer why people are reluctant to take flu shots.
Collaboration Challenges and Opportunities: A Survey of School Foodservice Directors and Community Health Coalition Members

Background The Healthy, Huger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) presents challenges for foodservice directors (FSDs) in sourcing and preparing foods that meet nutrition standards. Concurrently, community health coalition members (CHCs) are engaging schools through community and school nutrition initiatives. We hypothesized significant differences in perceptions between FSDs and CHCs related to implementation of HHFKA such that FSDs would perceive greater foodservice challenges, while CHCs would be more supportive of community nutrition initiatives. Methods A perceptions survey was administered by email to 528 FSDs and 334 CHCs during summer 2016. Experience, education level, urban/rural differences, school demographics, and involvement between FSDs and CHCs were compared. Results Overall, 132 FSDs and 80 CHCs responded (29.5% FSDs, 24.7% CHCs). Overall perception of HHFKA foodservice challenge ranged between neutral (eg, neither challenging nor unchallenging) to somewhat challenging, and did not differ between groups. CHCs were significantly more supportive of community nutrition initiatives, while FSDs responded neutrally. Conclusions FSDs awareness of CHCs desire for collaboration may increase FSDs support for broader school nutrition initiatives such as school gardens, farm to school, and student/community engagement. There is great potential for integrating student and community health programs through partnerships.
Biochemical studies of the envelope transformations in Xenopus laevis eggs.

The envelopes that enclose the eggs of the amphibian Xenopus laevis were isolated and examined for biochemical correlates of the ultrastructural and sperm penetrability differences among the coelomic egg envelope (CE), the vitelline envelope (VE), and the fertilization envelope (FE). By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the 43,000 molecular weight glycoproteins of CEs were found to be converted to components with molecular weights of 41,000 in VEs; also, a protein with a molecular weight of 57,000 was added to the envelope during the CE-to-VE conversion. The molecular weights of two components decreased during the VE-to-FE conversion, from 69,000 and 64,000 in the VE to 66,000 and 61,000 in the FE. Components from the cortical granules and the innermost jelly coat were also added to the newly formed FE. As detected by iodination with lactoperoxidase or IODOGEN, both the CE-to-VE and the VE-to-FE conversions caused conformational changes in envelope glycoproteins. Peptide mapping demonstrated that the 43,000 molecular weight components of CE were precursors to the 41,000 molecular weight components of VE and the 69,000 and 64,000 molecular weight components of VE were precursors to the 66,000 and 61,000 molecular weight components of FE. The CE-to-VE conversion presumably occurs in the first portion of the oviduct. Experiments probing the VE-to-FE conversion demonstrated the need for an intact jelly coat for the molecular weight changes to occur. Sperm were not required for the envelope alteration; the SDS-PAGE pattern of envelopes from jellied eggs activated with the Ca++-ionophore A23187 were indistinguishable from the FE. These studies show that there are molecular correlates of the morphological and biological differences among the envelopes. The CE-to-VE and the VE-to-FE conversions follow a similar pattern: in both cases, material is added to the envelope and there are changes in the molecular weights of some of the components.
The Riot Kiss: Framing Memes as Visual Argument

This essay analyzes the riot kiss photograph taken by Rich Lam after game seven of the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals in Vancouver and its subsequent life as a visual internet meme. Noting how this image ...
A Hybrid Control Algorithm for Object Grasping Using Multiple Agents

This paper presents a hybrid control approach for grasping objects by multiple agents without rebounding. When multiple agents grasp an object cooperatively, the motion of the agents is constrained due to the geometrical and frictional conditions at the contact points. In this paper, each agent acting on an object of interest is controlled by a hybrid controller which includes a position controller, a force controller, and some logic to coordinate grasping. The proposed approach provides a method to steer the agents to grasping positions on an object along appropriate directions and to asymptotically exert stabilizing forces at each contact point. The stability properties induced by the hybrid controller can be asserted using Lyapunov stability tools for hybrid systems. The set of allowed initial conditions guaranteed is characterized using sublevel sets of Lyapunov functions. The proposed algorithm is verified in simulations.
Efficient recursive distributed state estimation of hidden Markov models over unreliable networks

We consider a scenario in which a process of interest, evolving within an environment occupied by several agents, is well-described probablistically via a Markov model. The agents each have local views and observe only some limited partial aspects of the world, but their overall task is to fuse their data to construct an integrated, global portrayal. The problem, however, is that their communications are unreliable: network links may fail, packets can be dropped, and generally the network might be partitioned for protracted periods. The fundamental problem then becomes one of consistency as agents in different parts of the network gain new information from their observations but can only share this with those with whom they are able to communicate. As the communication network changes, different views may be at odds; the challenge is to reconcile these differences. The issue is that correlations must be accounted for, lest some sensor data be double counted, inducing overconfidence or bias. As a means to address these problems, a new recursive consensus filter for distributed state estimation on hidden Markov models is presented. It is shown to be well-suited to multi-agent settings and associated applications since the algorithm is scalable, robust to network failure, capable of handling non-Gaussian transition and observation models, and is, therefore, quite general. Crucially, no global knowledge of the communication network is ever assumed. We have dubbed the algorithm a Hybrid method because two existing pieces are used in concert: the first, iterative conservative fusion is used to reach consensus over potentially correlated priors, while consensus over likelihoods, the second, is handled using weights based on a Metropolis Hastings Markov chain. To attain a detailed understanding of the theoretical upper limit for estimator performance modulo imperfect communication, we introduce an idealized distributed estimator. It is shown that under certain general conditions, the proposed Hybrid method converges exponentially to the ideal distributed estimator, despite the latter being purely conceptual and unrealizable in practice. An extensive evaluation of the Hybrid method, through a series of simulated experiments, shows that its performance surpasses competing algorithms.
Is Russia Sabotaging Democracy in the West

Abstract While there may be some ideological components at stake in the Russian Federation undermining democracy in the West, the Kremlin primarily views interference as a tool to accomplish its strategic interests. Russia is less concerned about regime type (authoritarian versus democratic) and more concerned with how a foreign power advances its strategic interests. While many governments that advance Russia's interests tend to be authoritarian, this is not always the case. Russia does not view non-Western democracies as a threat because the Kremlin considers them predictable and consistent. However, the use of “sharp power” to interfere in the internal affairs of Western democracies is coupled to an assessment of how such interference either promotes Russian interests or decreases Western capabilities to interfere in Russian foreign and domestic policy.
Transcriptional remodelling upon light removal in a model cnidarian: Losses and gains in gene expression

Organismal responses to light:dark cycles can result from two general processes: (a) direct response to light or (b) a free-running rhythm (i.e., a circadian clock). Previous research in cnidarians has shown that candidate circadian clock genes have rhythmic expression in the presence of diel lighting, but these oscillations appear to be lost quickly after removal of the light cue. Here, we measure whole-organism gene expression changes in 136 transcriptomes of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, entrained to a light:dark environment and immediately following light cue removal to distinguish two broadly defined responses in cnidarians: light entrainment and circadian regulation. Direct light exposure resulted in significant differences in expression for hundreds of genes, including more than 200 genes with rhythmic, 24-hr periodicity. Removal of the lighting cue resulted in the loss of significant expression for 80% of these genes after 1 day, including most of the hypothesized cnidarian circadian genes. Further, 70% of these candidate genes were phase-shifted. Most surprisingly, thousands of genes, some of which are involved in oxidative stress, DNA damage response and chromatin modification, had significant differences in expression in the 24 hr following light removal, suggesting that loss of the entraining cue may induce a cellular stress response. Together, our findings suggest that a majority of genes with significant differences in expression for anemones cultured under diel lighting are largely driven by the primary photoresponse rather than a circadian clock when measured at the whole animal level. These results provide context for the evolution of cnidarian circadian biology and help to disassociate two commonly confounded factors driving oscillating phenotypes.
Creating a simulation experience to promote clinical judgment

Abstract There is a need for high-quality simulation scenarios to promote nursing students’ clinical judgment skills. Yet, faculty possess different levels of experience with simulation. Skillful scenario development requires collaboration with simulation experts and adherence to best practices, but the process can be initiated by course faculty. This article presents development and application of a simulation experience to promote clinical judgment by a faculty member that lacked previous experience in writing simulation scenarios.
Legislating for American Empire: Territorial Policy and the House Committee on Territories

This project takes a closer look at one of the major sources of congressional territorial policy, the House Committee on Territories. Using archival resources and historical records, the article an...
Genotype and Environment Effects on Prebiotic Carbohydrate Concentrations in Kabuli Chickpea Cultivars and Breeding Lines Grown in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Prebiotic carbohydrates are compounds that include simple sugars, sugar alcohols, and raffinose family oligosaccharides, which are fermented by gut bacteria and can influence the species profile of the gut microbiome to reduce obesity and weight gain. Prebiotic carbohydrates are also associated with several health benefits including reduced insulin dependence and incidence of colorectal cancer. Although pulse crops such as chickpea have been important sources of nutrition for human diets for thousands of years, relatively little is known about the profiles of prebiotic carbohydrates in pulse crops. The objectives of this study were to characterize the type and concentration of seed prebiotic carbohydrates in 18 kabuli chickpea genotypes grown in 2017 and 2018 in Idaho and Washington, and partition variance components conditioning these nutritional quality traits in chickpea. Genotype effects were significant for fructose, sucrose, raffinose, and kestose. Environment effects were also significant for several carbohydrates. However, year effects were the greatest sources of variance for all carbohydrates. Concentrations of most carbohydrates were significantly greater in 2017, when there was less precipitation during the growing season coupled with greater heat stress during grain filling than in 2018. This may reflect the role of many of these carbohydrates as osmoprotectants produced in response to heat and water stress. Overall, our results suggest that a survey of more genetically diverse plant materials, such as a chickpea 'mini-core' collection, may reveal genotypes that produce significantly greater concentrations of selected prebiotic carbohydrates and could be used to introduce desirable nutritional traits into adapted chickpea cultivars.
Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on survival in women with endometrial cancer: A National Cancer Database analysis.

e18094Background: To evaluate overall survival (OS), prognostic factors for survival, and treatment outcomes in patients with Stage III/IV endometrial cancer (EC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherap...
Given (No) Time: A Derridean Reading of Denis Villeneuve's Arrival

The central character of Denis Villeneuve's 2016 film Arrival, Dr. Louise Banks (Amy Adams), is a linguist tasked with deciphering a logographic alien language in time to avert a seemingly impendin...
Extended flag gadgets for low-overhead circuit verification

Flag verification techniques are useful in quantum error correction for detecting critical faults. Here we present an application of flag-verification techniques for improving postselected performance of near-term algorithms. We extend the definition of what constitutes a flag by creating error-detection gadgets based on known transformations of unitary operators. In the case of Clifford or near-Clifford circuits, these unitary operators can be chosen to be controlled Pauli gates, leading to gadgets which require only a small number of additional Clifford gates. We show that such flags can improve circuit fidelities by up to a factor of 2 after postselection, and demonstrate their effectiveness over error models featuring single-qubit depolarizing noise, crosstalk, and two-qubit coherent overrotation.
Attention to numerosity varies across individuals and task contexts

Children’s spontaneous focus on numerosity (SFON) is described as an unprompted tendency that is stable across contexts. The attention to number task (AtN), an experimental forced-choice picture-ma...
Replication of the tensile behavior of knee ligaments using architected acrylic yarn.

Abstract Knee ligament injury diagnosis is achieved by a comparison between the laxity levels sensed by a clinician in the injured and healthy limb. This is a difficult-to-learn task that requires hands-on practice to achieve proficiency. The inclusion of a physical knee simulator with biomechanically realistic passive components such as knee ligaments could provide consistent training for medical students and lead to improved care for knee injury patients. In this study, we developed a material construct that is both adaptable to a physical knee model and capable of replicating the non-linear mechanical behavior of knee ligaments with the use of helically arranged acrylic yarn. The microstructure of four different types of acrylic yarn were measured and then tested under uniaxial tension. While the fiber twist angle was similar amongst the four yarn types (range = 17.9–18.8°), one yarn was distinct with a low ply twist angle (15.2 ± 1.6°) and high packing fraction ( Φ = 0.32 ± 0.08 ). These microstructural differences yielded a lower toe length and higher stiffness and best corresponded to ligament mechanical behavior. We then made looped-yarn constructs to modulate the sample's toe length and stiffness. We found that the load-displacement curve of the construct can be tuned by changing the loop length and loop number of the looped-yarn constructs, matching the load-displacement curve of specific knee ligaments. This study shows how spun yarn can be used to replicate the mechanical behavior of knee ligaments, creating synthetic ligament constructs that could enable the construction of biomechanically realistic joints.
Appraisals of insomnia identity in a clinical sample

Abstract Background Insomnia identity, the conviction that one has insomnia, occurs independently of sleep quality or quantity, and is associated with numerous negative health outcomes. Little is known about factors influencing insomnia identity. This study planned to evaluate insomnia identity, perceived sleep experience, and sleep parameters. Method Individuals seeking treatment for an insomnia complaint reported demographics, insomnia identity ratings, and daily sleep diaries. Insomnia complaint and insomnia identity were independently crossed with sleep diary data yielding: complaining good (n = 10) and poor sleepers (n = 51), and good (n = 7) and poor sleepers (n = 40) with insomnia identity. Participants were additionally classified as with (n = 50) and without (n = 14) insomnia identity. Group differences and predictors of insomnia identity were assessed. Results Complaining poor sleepers and poor sleepers with insomnia identity reported significantly poorer sleep ratings compared to their counterparts. Insomnia identity severity was predicted by worse sleep quality comparisons and increased helplessness. Analyses revealed poorer sleep parameters among those with an insomnia identity versus without. Discussion Group differences may reflect variation in perceived sleep assessment and insomnia identity rating. Results further indicated that not all who complain of insomnia (and seek treatment) endorse insomnia identity. Implications of results and future study directions on insomnia identity are discussed.
How Does a Reduction in Mandated Medicaid Spending Affect Local Fiscal Behaviors? Evidence from New York State:

In 2005, New York (NY) state capped the growth of county-level Medicaid spending, which abruptly decreased counties’ Medicaid outlay in both relative and absolute terms. This study exploits this di...
Estimating exercise PaCO2 in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients exhibit cardiopulmonary abnormalities that could affect the predictability of exercise PaCO2 from the Jones (PJCO2) equation (PJCO2=5.5+0.9xPETCO2-2.1xVT). Since the dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT) calculation also includes PaCO2 measurements, estimates of VD/VT from PJCO2 may also be affected. Because using noninvasive estimates of PaCO2 and VD/VT could save patient discomfort, time, and cost, we examined whether PETCO2 and PJCO2 can be used to estimate PaCO2 and VD/VT in 13 HFpEF patients. PETCO2 was measured from expired gases measured simultaneously with radial arterial blood gases at rest, constant-load (20W), and peak exercise. VD/VT[art] was calculated using the Enghoff modification of the Bohr equation, and estimates of VD/VT were calculated using PETCO2 (VD/VT[ET]) and PJCO2 (VD/VT[J]) in place of PaCO2. PETCO2 was similar to PaCO2 at rest (-1.46±2.63, P=0.112) and peak exercise (0.66±2.56, P=0.392), but overestimated PaCO2 at 20W (-2.09±2.55, P=0.020). PJCO2 was similar to PaCO2 at rest (-1.29±2.57, P=0.119) and 20W (-1.06±2.29, P=0.154); but, underestimated PaCO2 at peak exercise (1.90±2.13, P=0.009). VD/VT[ET] was similar to VD/VT[art] at rest (-0.01±0.03, P=0.127) and peak exercise (0.01±0.04, P=0.210), but overestimated VD/VT[art] at 20W (-0.02±0.03, P=0.025). Although VD/VT[J] was similar to VD/VT[art] at rest (-0.01±0.03, P=0.156) and 20W (-0.01±0.03, P=0.133), VD/VT[J] underestimated VD/VT[art] at peak exercise (0.03±0.04, P=0.013). Exercise PETCO2 and VD/VT[ET] provide better estimates of PaCO2 and VD/VT[art] than PJCO2 and VD/VT[J] does at peak exercise. Thus, estimates of PaCO2 and VD/VT should only be used if sampling arterial blood during CPET is not feasible.
Oncological Nursing Care

The primary aim of the care team is that the families have trust in all members of the treatment team.
Undergraduate power courses and competitive education: course development community style

The objective of this paper is to motivate and describe an approach for establishing a course development approach in electric power given the context of competitive education where different sub-disciplines compete for the interest of students. A key component of this approach is that course development and maintenance be done within a broader community than exists at a single university. Use of course modules, together with Internet-based automated coordination and dissemination of these modules, facilitates this.
Biosynthesis of serum proteins and ferritin by free and attached ribosomes of rat liver.

Polysomes of rat liver appear to be either attached to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm. It has been postulated that attached ribosomes are engaged in the synthesis of secretory proteins while free ribosomes make nonexportable proteins. Experimental support for this hypothesis has been obtained by studying the site of synthesis of serum proteins, an example of secretory proteins, and of ferritin, an example of a nonexportable protein. Two to three minutes after an intravenous injection of 3H-leucine into the rat there is equal and maximum incorporation, per mg of RNA, into trichloracetic acid-insoluble proteins bound to both free and attached ribosomes. The newly formed protein attached to the ribosomes was released by treatment with spermine and puromycin. About 80% of the newly formed serum protein recovered by this method was obtained from the attached ribosomes. The radioactive ferritin, however, was found to occur in the proteins released from the free ribosomes. Similar results were obtained by incubating free and attached polysomes (microsomes) in vitro with radioactive amino acids and under conditions for protein synthesis. Again, over 80% of the protein synthesized by attached ribosomes was found to be serum proteins, and the free ribosomes made 7 to 20 times more ferritin than did attached ribosomes. The radioactive proteins were detected and isolated by precipitation with specific antisera and the specificity of the methods checked by a combination of immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography.
Suppression of sterol 12α-hydroxylase transcription by the short heterodimer partner: insights into the repression mechanism

Cholesterol conversion to bile acids is subject to a feedback regulatory mechanism by which bile acids down-regulate their own synthesis. This regulation occurs at the level of transcription of several genes encoding enzymes in the bile acid biosynthetic pathway. One of these enzymes is sterol 12α-hydroxylase/CYP8B1 (12α-hydroxylase), the specific enzyme required for cholic acid synthesis. The levels of this enzyme determine the ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid and thus the hydrophobicity of the circulating bile acid pool. Previous studies from this laboratory showed that fetoprotein transcription factor (FTF) is required for 12α-hydroxylase promoter activity and bile acid-mediated regulation. Here, we report that the short heterodimer partner (SHP) suppresses 12α-hydroxylase promoter activity via an interaction with FTF. Hepatic nuclear factor-4 (HNF-4) binds and activates the 12α-hydroxylase promoter and is required for 12α-hydroxylase promoter activity. Although HNF-4 interacts with SHP, it is not involved in SHP-mediated suppression of 12α-hydroxylase promoter activity. FTF and not HNF-4 is the factor involved in regulation of 12α-hydroxylase promoter activity by bile acids through its interaction with SHP. Finally, interaction of SHP with FTF displaces FTF binding to its sites within the 12α-hydroxylase promoter. These results provide insights into the mechanism of action of bile acid-mediated regulation of sterol 12α-hydroxylase transcription.
Constrained codes for suppression of intrachannel nonlinear effects in high-speed optical transmission

The paper compares three novel constrained codes for suppression of intrachannel nonlinear effects in high-speed fiber-optics transmission systems. Significant Q-factor improvement ranging from 5 to 16 dB depending on code rate and number of spans is demonstrated.
Why intervals? A simple limit theorem that is similar to limit theorems from statistics

What is the set of possible values of a measurement error? In the majority of practical applications, an error is caused not by a single cause; it is caused by a large number of independent causes, each of which adds a small component to the total error. This fact is widely used in statistics: Namely, since it is known that the distibution of the sum of many independent small random variables is close to one of the so-called infinitely distribution of the total error is infinitely divisible. This assumption is used in the majority of the statistical applications. In this paper, we prove a similar result for the set of possible values of an error. Namely, if an error equals the sum of many small independent components, then its set of possible values is close to an interval; the smaller the components, the closer this set to an interval. This result provides one more justification for using intervals in data processing.
Extending MPI to better support multi-application interaction

Current scientific workflows consist of generally several components either integrated in situ or as completely independent, asynchronous components using centralized storage as an interface. Neither of these approaches are likely to scale well into Exascale. Instead, separate applications and services will be launched using online communication to link these components of the scientific discovery process. Our experiences with coupling multiple, independent MPI applications, each with separate processing phases, exposes limitations preventing use of some of the optimized mechanisms within the MPI standard. In this regard, we have identified two shortcomings with current MPI implementations. First, MPI intercommunicators offer a mechanism to communicate across application boundaries, but do not address the impact this operating mode has on possible programming models for each separate application. Second, MPI_Probe offers a way to interleave both local messaging and remote messages, but has limitations as MPI_Bcast and other collective calls are not supported by MPI_Probe thus limiting use of optimize collective calls in this operating mode.
Filoviruses: One of These Things is (not) Like the Other

The family Filoviridae contains several of the most deadly pathogens known to date and the current Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in Western Africa, due to Ebola virus (EBOV) infection, highlights the need for active and broad research into filovirus pathogenesis. However, in comparison, the seven other known filovirus family members are significantly understudied. Many of these, including Marburgviruses and Ebolaviruses other than EBOV, are also highly virulent and fully capable of causing widespread epidemics. This review places the focus on these non-EBOV filoviruses, including known immunological and pathological data. The available animal models, research tools and currently available therapeutics will also be discussed along with an emphasis in the large number of current gaps in knowledge of these less highlighted filoviruses. It is evident that much research is yet to be done in order to bring the non-EBOV filovirus field to the forefront of current research and, importantly, to the development of more effective vaccines and therapeutics to combat potential future outbreaks.
Seismic analyses of conventional and improved marginal wharves

Marginal wharves are key components in providing functionality of port facilities. Ports are central components of the United States economy. Earthquake damage to a port can disrupt the economic stability. Therefore port facilities must be able to quickly return to full operation shortly after a seismic event. Prior studies have shown that integrity of marginal wharves may be compromised by excessive soil movement and structural damage. The latter is often localized at pile-to-wharf connections and in the pile body buried within the soil. Recent research has resulted in an improved connection design which mitigates damage. This study was undertaken to evaluate the full seismic performance of marginal wharves including both conventional and damage resisting connections. A series of finite element (FE) models of a representative pile supported wharf facility were created. The models varied in their moment resisting pile-to-wharf connections. A total stress analysis approach was used to capture the soil response along with p-y, t-z and Q-z soil-structure interaction (SSI) springs. Validated connection interface elements were integrated with non-linear frame elements to simulate the marginal wharf structure and substructure. Non-linear static pushover and dynamic time history analyses, for three different hazard levels, were performed. The results of the numerical simulations were used to assess the performance of the marginal wharf including estimates of crane damage and port downtime. Copyright c © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosing Allergic Diseases in Children

Abstract In the environment of managed care, children with allergic diseases are increasingly likely to be evaluated by nonallergist physicians. While the presumptive diagnosis of an allergic disease can often be suspected on clinical grounds, signs and symptoms are not reliable for establishing a definitive diagnosis or for deciding on management options. This article discusses the use of immunoglobulin E antibody tests to classify children with allergic symptoms. The information is intended for pathologists who offer consultative laboratory services to nonallergist physicians. Emphasis is placed on defining the minimum number of tests necessary to identify allergic children at different ages.
Effect of Oxidation on the Microstructure of Carbon Blacks

The evolution during oxidation of the internal structure of soot and carbon black particles was studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and an image analysis system. Increasing ordering to the carbon structure with increasing oxidation is observed. Measures of the increased order are increases in the fractional coverage of a cross section of the particles with a layered structure, a decrease in the mean interlayer spacing, and a decrease in the spread of the interlayer spacing. The changing structure of the carbon black impacts its properties, such as the rate of oxidation.
Aggregate production planning by stochastic control

Abstract Three stochastic control methods (Certainty Equivalence, Passive Learning and Active Learning) are applied to Holt, Modigliani, Muth and Simon's classic aggregate production planning problem. The average results of the time paths of the optimal state and control variables are presented along with those of the total costs of the objective functional. A statistical analysis is then conducted to study the variability of the sampling distribution of these Monte Carlo runs. When cost is used as a criterion for comparison, the Passive Learning method seems to yield the least cost among the three stochastic methods, and to have added little additional cost when compared to a deterministic model. This is encouraging because under uncertainty little additional cost would be incurred if decision-makers were advised of the appropriate stochastic method.
Learning Computer Networking Through Illustration (Abstract Only)

When teaching computer networking courses, over the years, the author has used Java applets and other software tools for illustrating standards, protocols, and networking concepts. Although these Java applets and software tools do perform what they are designed to do, they have their limitations. For example, the Java applets that the author used can only illustrate a fixed set of scenarios, and software tools such as Wireshark need devices to generate traces, posing a problem when the teaching resource is limited. In recent years, our school has joined the Cisco Networking Academy and taught computer networking courses offered through the Academy. Cisco Networking Academy provides a networking software program, Packet Tracer, which allows the users to setup and configure various networks which involve routers, switches, and end devices using various wired and wireless cables and protocols in local area networks or wide area networks. There are several nice features about the Packet Tracer. For example, an instructor can use the Packet Tracer to illustrate networking concepts. A student can use the Packet Tracer to iron out networking design issues by first implementing the network using Packet Tracer before implementing it in a physical lab. Additionally, students can closely examine the header information in each layer of the protocol stack as a packet steps from layer to layer and node to node. In this lightning talk, the author will share the experience of using Packet Trace in teaching computer networking courses.
Tumor suppressor INK4: quantitative structure-function analyses of p18INK4C as an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4.

We report the first detailed structure -function analyses of p18 INK4C (p18), which is a homologue of the important tumor suppressor p16 INK4A (p16). Twenty-four mutants were designed rationally. The global conformations of the mutants were characterized by NMR, while the function was assayed by inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Most of these mutants have unperturbed global structures, thus the changes in their inhibitory abilities can be attributed to the mutated residues. The important results are summarized as follows: (a) some residues at loops 1 and 2, but not 3, are important for the inhibitory function of p18, similar to the results for p16; (b) two residues at the first helix-turn-helix motif and two at the third are important for inhibition; (c) while the results generally agree with the prediction based on the crystal structures of p16-CDK6 and p19-CDK6 binary complexes, there are significant differences in a few residues, suggesting that the interactions in the binary complexes may not accurately represent the interactions in the ternary complexes (in the presence of cyclin D2); (d) most importantly, the extra loop of p18 appears to contribute to the function of p18, even though the crystal structure of the p19 INK4D -CDK6 complex indicates no interactions involving this loop; (e) detailed analyses of the crystal structures and the functional results suggest that there are notable differences in the interactions between different members of the INK4 family and CDKs.