cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Efficacy of Oncolytic Adenoviruses In Vitro and In Vivo: Current and Future Perspectives

Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAd) selectively target and lyse tumor cells and enhance anti- tumor immune responses. OAds have been used as promising cancer gene therapies for many years and there are a multitude of encouraging pre-clinical studies. However, translating OAd therapies to the clinic has had limited success, in part due to the lack of realistic pre-clinical models to rigorously test the efficacy of OAds. Solid tumors have a heterogenous and hostile microenvironment that provides many barriers to OAd treatment, including structural and immunosuppressive components that cannot be modeled in two-dimensional tissue culture. To replicate these characteristics and bridge the gap between pre-clinical and clinical success, studies must test OAd therapy in three-dimensional culture and animal models. This review focuses on current methods to test OAd efficacy in vitro and in vivo and the development of new model systems to test both oncolysis and immune stimulatory components of oncolytic adenovirotherapy.
HL5: A 32-bit RISC-V Processor Designed with High-Level Synthesis

The growing complexity of system-on-chip fuels the adoption of high-level synthesis (HLS) to reduce the design time of application-specific accelerators. General-purpose processors, however, are still designed using RTL and logic synthesis. Yet they are the most complex components of most systems-on-chip. We show that HLS can simplify the design of processors while enhancing their customization and reusability. We present HL5 as the first 32-bit RISC-V microprocessor designed with SystemC and optimized with a commercial HLS tool. We evalute HL5 through the execution of software programs on an experimental infrastructure that combines FPGA emulation with a standard RTL synthesis flow for a commercial 32 nm CMOS technology. By describing the challenges and opportunities of applying HLS to processor design, our paper aims also at sparking a renewed interest in HLS research.
A poor-man’s approach to the effective reproduction number: the COVID-19 case

It is shown that estimates of the effective reproduction number Rt for COVID-19 using standard packages such as EPIESTIM can be reproduced very accurately using the expression Rt = c(t) /c(t + τ) , where c(t) is the incidence at time t and τ the mean value of the series interval
A Brief Review of Fly Ash as Reinforcement for Composites with Improved Mechanical and Tribological Properties

Fly ash (FA) is one of the particulate wastes generated during combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Around 110 million tons of FA is generated in the USA every year, and 60% of it is deposited in landfills. Utilization of FA can create value for this waste material and also help the environment. FA is essentially a mixture of metal oxides that can be used as a filler reinforcement in metal and polymer composites. FA as a filler material reduces the amount of metals and polymer, reducing embodied energy. Hollow FA particles, called cenospheres, can provide the advantage of low density in composites as well as higher hardness and strength. FA also reduces the coefficient of thermal expansion. This article provides a brief review to capture the state of the art on the mechanical and tribological behavior of composites reinforced with FA to identify the possible benefits of using this waste material. The corrosion performance of metal matrix FA composites is also explored. Future perspectives in this field are discussed based on the potential applications of FA-filled composites.
Inactivation of Toxoplasma gondii Bradyzoites after Salt Exposure during Preparation of Dry-Cured Hams

ABSTRACT Foodborne pathogens continue to pose a public health risk and can cause serious illness and significant outbreaks of disease in consumers. Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide and is caused by the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. The consumption of raw or undercooked infected meat, including pork, that contains infectious stages of T. gondii has been regarded as a major route of T. gondii transmission to humans. Given the occasional presence of T. gondii in pork meat, the frequent use of pork for products not intended to be cooked, such as dry-cured ham, presents a potential risk for its transmission to consumers. In this study, we investigated the viability of T. gondii in dry-cured whole hams processed using methods that were previously required for treatment of hams to inactivate Trichinella spiralis in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (9 CFR 318.10) and are now described in guidance documents from the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service. Infected pork hams were salted and cured for 33 days at 3°C and 85% ± 5% relative humidity (RH) and then were dried for up to 12 months at 12°C and 67.5% ± 2.5% RH. Inactivation of T. gondii was assessed in mouse bioassays and, serologically, by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Results showed that T. gondii bradyzoites were inactivated during the salting and curing step (33 days); no viable T. gondii was detected in the mouse bioassay and no evidence of serological conversion was detected by MAT in any of the mice inoculated with any of the samples tested during the drying step over the 12 months of the experiment. These results demonstrated that the approved protocols for production of dry-cured hams validated herein can inactivate T. gondii and lower the risk to consumers of this product. HIGHLIGHTS
Banking and Misconduct: A Critique of the Cure of Culture

Strangely enough, after controversially abandoning a long-awaited revolutionary review of culture in banking, the FCA has started to invoke the mantra of culture yet again. However, Transforming culture in financial services DP18/2 is a poor discussion paper which misses the "culture" point entirely. Being prescriptive about the panacea of culture is quite an odd thing for the FCA to indulge in yet again. Worse still, the idea that a wider culture is to blame makes a mockery of individual culpability and provokes irresponsibility. Culture, we are misinformed, is a difficult concept to measure. Overall, “it is manageable” but the FCA discourages a “one size fits all” approach and it elects to be non-prescriptive about what any firm’s culture should be. In my view, the calculus of culture is not only measurable but has already been clearly recorded as conduct costs, £264 billion between 2012-2016, by the CCP Research Foundation. The systematic arrangement and coding of these costs shows that bad culture and culpability can be readily measured. No issue is taken here on the good work many of the banks are doing in this space. The conduct costs research was never intended to be a means by which to bluntly expose a bank’s conduct costs. Rather, it was to identify a proxy indicator of culture. CCP Research Foundation readily accepts the limitations of this metric. It would further accept that there are many initiatives, controls and/or mitigants that, if properly implemented, would act to promote good behaviour and outcomes for customers; as opposed to shining a light on misconduct post facto. However, the FCA has elected to ignore this useful research and this failure is a major flaw in the DP18/2 discussion paper.
Load estimation of a small autonomous island power system using k-means method

The islands power systems, especially of the Aegean Sea, are distinguished by their peculiarities, since they are currently autonomous, with the prospect that in the near future most of the islands will be interconnected with the mainland power system, thus shutting down the operation of oil power plants. However, the interconnection is not fully assured in terms of reliability, doubting whether it is ultimately possible to discontinue conventional units. While an additional issue is the penetration of renewable energy sources, due to the high wind potential and high solar radiation and the formulation of hybrid systems, even with the use of energy storage devices. The literature review shows that there has been no systematic research on how to develop the power system of non-interconnected Greek islands with the mainland power transmission system. For this reason, the load growth of an autonomous island, namely Patmos, is firstly studied in this paper indicatively during the years 2013 - 2019 (until October 31, 2019), using pattern recognition methods. In particular, the chronological load curve is estimated by the k-means pattern recognition method, using the mean square error as an adequacy measure, in order to formulate the typical load curves of this island. The results of the present study can be used in next stage for the island's short-term and medium-term load forecasting, for the power plants construction planning, and for the feasibility study of demand management programs.
[Promising new treatment options for metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer].

OBJECTIVE Review the recent advances in the treatment of androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC). METHODS Review recent abstracts and literature utilizing Medline/PubMed using key words: androgen independent/hormone refractory prostate cancer, novel treatment options, Phase II, III trials and meeting abstracts/presentations. CONCLUSION Two pivotal trials SWOG (Southwest Oncology Group) study 9916 and Taxotere 327 have shown that survival can be improved in this population by administration of chemotherapy with docetaxel every three weeks intravenously. An overall survival of 19 months could be achieved with docetaxel/prednisone compared to 16 months with mitoxantrone/prednisone. Despite this, there is a need to improve on this survival benefit because the relapse free survival among responders is often short (6 months) and patients often would have progression of their cancer leading to death. Satraplatin, a novel platinum analogue had been found to provide an additional 1.5 week progression free survival benefit in this population in the second line setting. There is however, a need to develop less toxic drugs that would improve survival significantly.
Board Connections and CEO Successions

This paper studies the effects of connections between CEO candidates and board members on CEO succession decisions. CEO candidates’ prior connections with the hiring board increase their probability of being hired. These connections also affect post-succession firm performance. Connections reduce CEO labor market frictions and improve succession efficiency, especially in outside successions. They, however, distort director incentives and lead to inefficient succession decisions when internal governance is weak. Further, board connectedness to candidates can shape firms’ decisions to hire from the outside and reduce uncertainties. Overall, board connections provide information benefits but also raise agency concerns.
The Effects of Multi-Siting on Productivity and Quality

In the modern workplace, it is increasingly common for workers to concurrently attend to tasks across multiple physical locations. However, frequent site switching can lead to increased setup and overhead costs. Specifically, workers expend significant time and cognitive effort getting reoriented with personnel, operating processes, tools, and resources whenever they switch sites. In this paper, we look at the productivity and quality implications of multi-site work. To estimate the effect of multi-site operations on performance, we turn to a setting where multi-site worker assignment is common - that of physicians who have admitting privileges at multiple hospitals. We collected detailed data on individual physicians practicing in 83 hospitals between 1999 and 2010. Our extensive data set includes detailed operational and clinical factors associated with over 950,000 patient encounters. Our empirical analysis takes the form of a panel, where we follow a given physician over time, and link short-term multi-siting to patient level outcomes. We find that multi-siting negatively impact productivity. Specifically, for each additional site at which a physician works, we observe a 2% increase in patient length of stay. For each site served, the likelihood of a patient developing a complication increases by 3%. Greater travel distance between sites, and lack of focus at a given site explain the performance declines due to multi-siting. In addition, we find that the performance declines due to multi-site operation are reduced among low-complexity patients, and among highly-experienced physicians.
Airport Access Volumes from Airline Schedules

A methodology is described for estimating air passenger and visitor automobile traffic volumes at an airport as a function of an airline flight time. The methodology allows for the estimation of inbound and outbound traffic volumes for any desired time interval as a function of airline flight arrival and departure times and probability distributions for the times that passenger automobiles enter and leave the airport relative to flight times. The total expected number of air passenger vehicles using the access facilities in a given time period is obtained by superimposing these probability distributions over all airline flights. Previous methods of measuring airport trip generation are reviewed. This is followed by a description of a 2-day travel survey conducted at the Dallas/Fort Worth Regional Airport (DFW) to obtain data for the model. Model estimates are compared with measured traffic counts in preliminary model validation.
Recovered energy logic-A highly efficient alternative to today's logic circuits

Recovered energy logic (REL) is a system approach to the reduction of dissipation in logic circuits. It embodies a new logic circuit topology and a power supply/clocking circuit. The logic topology of REL is described, and simulation results from a MOS implementation are given. The detailed design of a power supply that could be used to drive a REL circuit at up to 100 MHz is described. >
Reconsidering The Image of the City

The Image of the City was published over 20 years ago, and it is still listed in bibliographies.1 It is time to wonder what it led to. The research was done by a small group with no training in the methods they used, and no literature to guide them. Several motives led them to the study: 1. An interest in the possible connection between psychology and the urban environment, at a time when most psychologists—at least, those in the field of perception—preferred controlled experiments in the laboratory to the wandering variables of the complicated, real environment. We hoped to tempt some of them out into the light of day. 2. Fascination with the aesthetics of the city landscape, at a time when most U.S. planners shied away from the subject, because it was “a matter of taste” and had a low priority. 3. Persistent wonder about how to evaluate a city, as architects do so automatically when presented with a building design. Shown a city plan, planners would look for technical flaws, estimate quantities, or analyze trends, as if they were contractors about to bid on the job. We hoped to think about what a city should be, and we were looking for possibilities of designing directly at that scale. 4. Hope of influencing planners to pay more attention to those who live in a place—to the actual human experience of a city, and how it should affect city policy.
Photoproduction of π − Δ + + ( 1236 ) from Hydrogen from 5 TO 16 GeV

The cross section for $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{++}(1236)$, measured at 5, 8, 11, and 16 GeV from nearzero momentum transfer to -1 ${\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$ (-2 ${\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$ at 16 GeV), rises from small $t$ to a maximum near $\ensuremath{-}t={{m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{2}$, then falls as ${e}^{12t}$ out to $\ensuremath{-}t\ensuremath{\approx}0.2$ ${\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$, after which it becomes roughly equal in slope and magnitude to the single ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ photoproduction cross section (${e}^{3t}$). At fixed $t$, the cross section varies as ${k}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, where $k$ is the laboratory photon energy. The results do not agree well with the simple vector-dominance model.
Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: The Onset of Nanomedicine

Given their unique properties, the nanostructural materials have found a large number of applications in medicine and biology. Some of these applications range from cell visualization, specific targeting and destruction of cancer cells, drug and gene delivery, or scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Novel multifunctional nanomaterials with magnetic properties and graphitic shells were synthesized and were found to act as strong thermal agents for cellular thermal ablation under radio frequency excitation. Also carbon-based nanomaterials were found to synergistically enhance the activity of anti -cancer drugs, opening the possibility of complex approaches for cancer treatment. Keywords: carbon nanotubes (CNTs); magnetic nanoparticles; anti-cancer drugs; radio frequency; cancer cells
Evaluation of a model for prebreakdown at the cathode in a DC-stressed liquid

A nonlinear model is simulated for a partial discharge, or low density region (LDR), at a DC-stressed needle cathode in hexane for several ambient pressures from subatmospheric to 3 atm. It assumes a void driven in the liquid from the cathode by electrical force on the void's charged liquid boundary (LDR wall). The effects of varying certain parameters on the simulation results are discussed. Simulation results are compared with earlier experimental values of LDR size, pulse charges, and pulse duration as functions of time and pressure. The results suggest that the LDR is driven by electrical pressure which is initially much larger than typical ambient pressures but which drops during the LDR expansion to below ambient pressure, resulting in the demise of the LDR. Current pulses are then produced as a result of the expansion (rather than being its cause), and they serve as externally detectable telemetry signals characterizing the LDR state without invading it. The pulses result when the LDR grows and its trapped charge spreads over larger wall area, changing the LDR wall potential. >
Dialogue and Power in Parent-Child Communication

Michelle MILLER-DAY (2004) leistet mit diesem Buch einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Verstehen der Aushandlung von Macht in weiblichen Intergenerationenbeziehungen. A Qualitative Study of Maternal Relationships eroffnet eine gute Alternative zu gangigen Sozialisations- und Compliance-bezogenen Perspektiven auf soziale Einflussnahmen zwischen Eltern und Kind, die nur sehr begrenzt der kindlichen Tatigkeit und Aktivitat Rechnung tragen. Nach MILLER-DAY erleben Mutter und Tochter in ihrer Kommunikation – trotz ihres unterschiedlichen Status in der familiaren Hierarchie – eine dialektischen Spannung zwischen Macht und Machtlosigkeit. Sie beschreibt dies in einer Grounded Theory der necessary convergence, ein symbolischer Prozess, in dem Tochter – zugleich machtlos und machtvoll – mutterliche Interpretationen ubernehmen, um die Beziehung aufrechtzuerhalten. Die Theorie der necessary convergence kann produktiv durch Theorien zur dialogischen Multivokalitat erganzt werden, wodurch die Befunde potenziell auch fur andere Felder nutzbar sind. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0602120
Detection of arylhydroxylamines as intermediates in the metabolic reduction of nitro compounds.

Eine elektrochemische Sonde wurde entwickelt, um Arylhydroxylamin direkt in mikrosomalen Suspensionen festzustellen. Dieser Sensor ermittelte die Bildung von Arylhydroxylamin wahrend der enzymatischen Reduktion von aromatischen Nitroverbindungen durch Mikrosomen der Kaninchenleber. Die Reduktion der Nitrogruppe wurde durch beide Enzyme, Cytochrom P-450-abhangige und P-450-unabhangige, katalysiert.
ScP constraints on ultralow-velocity zone density and gradient thickness beneath the Pacific

Short-period teleseismic recordings of ScP from events in the Tonga-Fiji (TF) and Marianas (MAR) subduction complexes made by the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seismograph network are examined for evidence of pre- and post-ScP phases. Such arrivals would be caused by interaction of ScP with ultralow-velocity zone (ULVZ) structures at the base of the mantle and can therefore be used to constrain the properties and occurrence of ULVZs. The relative timings and amplitudes of ScP, two pre-ScP phases, and one post-ScP phase potentially provide very good constraints on ULVZ compressional and shear velocities, density, and thickness. For example, the amplitude of the topside S to P conversion, SdP, is very strongly density contrast dependent, while the amplitude of the last arriving ScsP, a core reflection that converts to P upon emergence from the ULVZ, is very strongly dependent on the shear velocity contrast. Previous data, largely consisting of diffracted SPdiffKS arrivals and reflected PcP precursors, have been unable to provide good constraints on these two properties. In our data set, though, we find very little evidence for pre- and post-ScP arrivals, even for TF paths where abundant evidence for the presence of ULVZ exists. For the TF data distance range (43°–48°), precursor amplitudes are at or below the data noise level if the density contrast, δlnρ, is 10 km thick which lower ScsP amplitudes below detectable levels. Taken together, these properties favor ULVZ material composed dominantly of partial melt, but a contribution from core-mantle reaction products cannot be ruled out. For the MAR distance range (55°–58°), pre- and post-ScP arrival amplitudes are predicted to be higher, although such arrivals are absent from the MAR recordings. However, the quality of our data is not sufficiently good to rule out the presence of thinner and/or more subdued ULVZ in that region.
Peripheral myelin in the mouse mutant Shiverer.

The mouse mutant Shiverer has been shown previously to lack myelin basic protein and other myelin proteins in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Examination by electron microscopy shows that the peripheral nervous system, in contrast to the markedly abnormal central nervous system, is grossly normal. Myelin sheaths are of the usual thickness and exhibit normal periodic structure consisting of alternating major dense and intermediate lines. Subtle abnormalities do occur, however, consisting of increased numbers of cytoplasm-containing lamellae, aberrant terminations of myelin lamellae in internodal regions, invagination of the axon by the inner tongue of the myelin sheath, myelin debrin in both axon and Schwann cells, and disruption of outer myelin lamellae. Such changes have been seen previously in various types of neuropathy and are not pathognomonic of the Shiverer mutation. Despite the absence of myelin basic protein, the peripheral manifestations of this gene are relatively minor and probably not severe enough to compromise peripheral nerve function significantly.
SIGCSE by the numbers

Are the SIGCSE Symposia becoming more international in representation? In the June 2011 issue of the SIGCSE Bulletin newsletter, I examined paper submissions from SIGCSE 2011 and ITiCSE 2011 according to the continent of the authors.This article examines trends in paper submissions for SIGCSE 2010, SIGCSE 2011, and SIGCSE 2012, according to the continent(s) of the author(s).
Crystallographic nature of fluoride in enameloids of fish.

X-ray diffraction studies on calcified tissues (teeth and/or scales) of fish and of shark showed that the presence of fluoride affects the crystallite size and lattice parameters of the apatite phase. An inverse correlation between F contents (ranging from 0.2 to 3.8 wt% F) anda-axis dimensions (9.441 to 9.375±0.003A) exists for both synthetic and enameloid apatites and is consistent with the F-for-OH substitution in the apatite, idealized as Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and Ca10(PO4)6F2, for fluoride-free and maximum fluoride-substituted apatite, respectively. In synthetic systems, the incorporation of F is found to be dependent on the F concentration of the media from which the apatite formed. This dependency is also observed between F content of the dentine apatites and the F concentration of the water from which the fish came (i.e., less than 0.08 ppmF in fresh water, about 1.3 ppm in seawater). However, no such dependency was observed between the F incorporation in fish enameloid apatite and the F concentration in the water of origin. In some cases, the F incorporated in the enameloid apatite is much in excess of what can be expected from the F concentration of water. These observations suggest that in some fish, a fluoride-concentrating mechanism is operative during the formation of the enameloid but not during the formation of the dentine, and this mechanism appears to be specie-related.
Excitation of particle-hole states in O16 by electron scattering

Wave functions and energies obtained by diagonalizing the assumed interaction in the set of unperturbed particlehole states are used to calculate the form factors for excitation of levels in O/sup 16/. (R.E.U.)
Assessing how science faculty learning communities promote scientific teaching.

Although there is a need for continued pedagogical advancement in science undergraduate education, what is needed more urgently is more widespread adaptation of pedagogical practices that research has already shown to promote learning. Those practices include interactive engagement pedagogies such as active learning and inquiry-based learning. The need now is to find ways to integrate and institutionalize these evidence-based strategies for teaching science and to help science faculty learn about and implement them. Scientific Teaching Learning Communities (STLCs) create a culture that values scholarly teaching within science departments, important for bridging the gap between science and education and for improving undergraduate science learning. Evidence for the impact of STLCs on the student-learning environment was obtained through the development and use of the Participant Assessment of Learning Gains survey, an adaptation of the online Student Assessment of Learning Gains survey originally developed by Seymour et al. (Available at: http://www.wcer.wisc.edu/salgains/instructor/SALGains.asp, 1997 and Paper presented at the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, 2000). Data reveal how STLCs are transforming faculty behavior and directly affecting what they do in their science classrooms.
A tetrahedrally coordinated cobalt(II) aminophosphonate containing one-dimensional channels

Abstract A tetrahedrally coordinated cobalt(II) phosphonate, Co(O3PCH2CH2NH2), has been synthesized using hydrothermal techniques. X-ray diffraction indicates that this material is a three-dimensional open framework with rings aligned along a single axis forming infinite one-dimensional channels. The framework decomposes just above 400 °C. Magnetic susceptibility data are consistent with weak antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures.
On the Freezing of Liquid Water in a Cloud

Abstract A technique due to Saunders is used to give quantitative information on the amount of heating to be realized from the freezing of liquid water in a cloud. The commonly accepted value of ⅓C per gram of water frozen per kilogram of air plus an additional amount due to saturation adjustment from water to ice is shown to be imprecise. The total heating is realized only after ice pseudo- or saturated-adiabatic ascent to higher levels in the atmosphere; less than one-half of the maximum temperature difference between liquid water and ice processes is realized at the time of freezing, if freezing of cloud contents of 7 gm kg−1 or less is done at −5C. The delay in the freezing of rainwater in operational, one-dimensional numerical models biases the results against natural clouds, leading to overestimates of “seedability.” Also the neglect of the temperature dependence of the latent heat of condensation (increasing with lower temperatures) in those models causes the same kind of bias.
Visualization of equations in an interactive environment

The interactive visualization of equations in 3D is potentially an important tool for both research and education. We describe a method of visualizing equations in their explicit form using 3D fields. Equations are written algebraically, interpreted by an equation parser and then expressed as scalar fields. Fields are represented as isosurfaces making use of an algorithm similar to the method of marching cubes. The implementation allows the real time interaction of equation parameters, isosurface and colouring. A variety of applications from mathematics and physics are given together with examples of the construction of data probes using equations.
Angular particle impingement studies of thermoplastic materials at normal incidence

Scanning electron microscope studies were conducted to characterize the erosion resistance of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Erosion was caused by a jet of angular microparticles of crushed glass at normal incidence. Material built up above the original surface on all of the materials. As erosion progressed, this buildup disappeared. UHMWPE was the most resistant material and PMMA the least. The most favorable properties for high erosion resistance were high values of ultimate elongation, maximum service temperature, and strain energy and a low value of the modulus of elasticity. Erosion-rate-versus-time curves of PC and PTFE exhibited incubation, acceleration, and steady-state periods. PMMA also exhibited a deceleration period, and an incubation period with deposition was observed for UHMWPE.
A construction for large families of k-element sets having the Erdös intersection property

Resume Kleitman, Shearer et Sturtevant ont etudie le probleme de trouver l'entier maximum m pour lequel il existe une famille de m ensembles A 1 , …, A m , tous a k elements, satisfaisant la propriete d'intersection d'Erdos: A p ∩ A q ⊄ r , des p,q, r sont distincts. Nous donnons une construction montrant que: log m =√2 k +O(1).
The reduplicative template in Tonkawa

Generalised Template Theory holds that templatic restrictions on reduplicative morphemes follow from independent, general principles. Under lexically indexed constraint theory, however, reduplicants are in no way special – morpheme-specific constraints may apply just to reduplicants. This article presents reduplication patterns in Tonkawa, which are argued to require reduplicant-specific constraints. In Tonkawa, the reduplicant is limited in size to CV, and is usually syllabified as a light syllable. Even though the language typically prefers heavy syllables word-initially, they are light if the syllable is a reduplicative prefix. This size restriction is backcopied onto the first syllable of the base. In the context of the prosodic phonology of Tonkawa, this pattern can only be understood if there is a reduplicant-specific prohibition against heavy syllables. This prohibition is formulated in terms of lexically indexed constraints on the reduplicant, which allows for a nuanced understanding of the emergent CV template.
States of mind model and cognitive change in treated social phobics.

The applicability of Schwartz and Garamoni's (1986, 1989) States of Mind (SOM) model for assessing the influence of cognitive—behavioral therapy on cognitive functioning was evaluated with social phobics. The SOM model states that a positive dialogue (i.e., a 2:1 ratio of positive to negative thoughts) is optimal for effective coping. Social phobics receiving either a cognitive—behavioral or educational—supportive group treatment were compared for SOM change, as were subjects meeting criteria for improvement or nonimprovement. Also the study compared the predictability of the SOM ratio with a ratio based on percent of negative thoughts. Subjects in both treatments evidenced negative monologue (i.e., a preponderance of negative thoughts) at pretreatment. A significant Treatment ×Time interaction showed that, although the groups did not differ at posttreatment, those in the cognitive treatment reached positive dialogue at a 6-month followup while the other group did not. Improvers also attained positive dialogue at followup while nonimprovers did not. The SOM and the negative thought ratios performed similarly in predicting most outcome measures, suggesting that neutral thoughts (the only distinction between the two) serve little function for persons with problems of social phobia.
A relationship marketing catalyst: the salience of reciprocity to sport organization–sport consumer relationships

Abstract One essential and increasingly emphasized area for sport managers to consider is relationship marketing (RM), with particular reference to relationship quality (RQ). Relationship quality is the overall assessment of relational strength and it is important to the study of RM because it provides a lens to view wide-ranging relational constructs and more precisely distinguish sport RM efforts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the RQ construct of reciprocity on the outcome of attendance intention through the established relational mediators of trust and commitment. Several hypotheses were generated. Specifically, reciprocity will positively impact trust, commitment, and attendance intentions. Additionally, both trust and commitment were hypothesized to positively impact attendance intentions. Participants were 423 NCAA Division 1 student-subjects. Through CFA and bootstrap confidence interval (CI) the research hypotheses concerning the direct and mediated effects of r...
Timely identification of optimal control strategies for emerging infectious diseases.

Abstract Background Health authorities must rely on quarantine, isolation, and other non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain outbreaks of newly emerging human diseases. Methods We modeled a generic disease caused by a pathogen apparently transmitted by close interpersonal contact, but about which little else is known. In our model, people may be infectious while incubating or during their prodrome or acute illness. We derived an expression for ℜ , the reproduction number, took its partial derivatives with respect to control parameters, and encoded these analytical results in a user-friendly Mathematica™ notebook. With biological parameters for SARS estimated from the initial case series in Hong Kong and infection rates from hospitalizations in Singapore, we determined ℜ 's sensitivity to control parameters. Results Stage-specific infection rate estimates from cases hospitalized before quarantine began exceed those from the entire outbreak, but are qualitatively similar: infectiousness was negligible until symptom onset, and increased 10-fold from prodrome to acute illness. Given such information, authorities might instead have emphasized a strategy whose efficiency more than compensates for any possible reduction in efficacy. Conclusions In future outbreaks of new human diseases transmitted via close interpersonal contact, it should be possible to identify the optimal intervention early enough to facilitate effective decision-making.
Caribbean Sea Deep-Sea Drilling Results: ABSTRACT

Leg XV of the Glomar Challenger departed December 3, 1970, from San Juan and arrived in Panama on January 26, 1971. The cruise was divided into 3 parts: (1) San Juan to Curacao, where a hole reentry system was utilized operationally for the first time to facilitate End_Page 336------------------------------ penetration of hard formations in order to recover the oldest rocks in the eastern Caribbean Sea; (2) Curacao to Kingston, dedicated primarily to geochemical studies of the interstitial waters and to organic geochemical analysis of anerobic sediments from the Cariaco trench; (3) Kingston to Balboa, where attempts were made to reach the oldest rocks in the western Caribbean adjacent to Panama and to establish biostratigraphic standard sections. Paleontologists were looking for deep-sea evidence for the final closing of the Isthmus of Panama through the isolation of the Caribbean fauna from the Pacific fauna. End_of_Article - Last_Page 337------------
The Adventure of Laeghaire Mac Crimhthainn

THE 'Adventure of Laeghaire son of Crimhthann to Magh Mell,' as it has been called, belongs to the general class of stories about a journey to the Otherworld or the Earthly Paradise (Magh Mell), which are so characteristic of early Irish literature.' This tale seems to have attracted less attention than the others, perhaps because the prose parts have only twice been edited and exactly translated, and the poems only once; in both instances in rather out-of-the-way places.2 O'Grady's edition Silva Gadelica was taken from the Book of Lismore,3 fols 125a 1-125b 1. He seems not to have been aware that there is a much older and better copy in the Book of Leinster, pp. 275b 22-276b 24, which contains in addition to the prose three poems, none of which appear in the Book of Linsmore. T. P. Cross printed the whole Book of Leinster text as it stands, and appended the Book of Lismore version copied by himself from the original Ms. There follows below a critical and annotated edition and translation of the Book of Leinster tale (from the Facsimile), with all the variants of any significance from the Book of Lismore. I have not had access to this Ms. itself, as it is of course in private possession; but luckily Cross's transcript compensates for that, and the readings from the Book of Lismore given below are taken thence (called C in the apparatus criticus; L or LL is the Book of Leinster). Up to the present, no detailed attempt has been made to date this tale (but see note, p. 378). Apart from modernizations, the language of the prose parts is still good Old Irish, probably of the second half of the ninth century. Its state is much the same as that of the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick4 (ca 900), or somewhat earlier. The neuter article is still fully preserved (a hduinad, acc.sg., 11. 67, 68; a ndurn, acc.sg., 1. 76; isa sid, acc.sg., 1. 128); dun is still a neuter o-stem (duiin, g.sg., 1. 13; du'n d.sg., 11. 74, 129; but duine, g.sg., 1. 76); the superlative -em still exists, 1. 7; all of which taken together point to a terminus ante quem hardly much later than about 900. On the other hand, two instances of the perfect for the nar-
Idiopathic Constipation and Fecal Incontinence.

Patients with constipation or fecal incontinence have great potential for remediation. Both disorders warrant a thorough diagnostic evaluation to search for remediable causes, especially to identify defecation disorders. Constipation should be treated by relieving any impactions an then starting a course of fiber supplementation of at least 20 g per day. If not successful, other agents such as lactulose, polyethylene glycol solutions, or stimulants can be added. Biofeedback may be very helpful. If all else fails, several surgical procedures are available. Fecal incontinence should be treated by fiber supplements, encouragement of regularity, and enemas as needed. Kegel exercises and biofeedback are often helpful, but surgery may be needed and is most effective in recent onset or traumatically induced incontinence.
Identification of in vivo phosphorylation sites of MLK3 by mass spectrometry and phosphopeptide mapping.

MLK3 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that functions as an upstream activator of the JNK pathway. Previous work has suggested that MLK3 is a multiphosphorylated protein. In this study, mass spectrometry coupled with comparative phosphopeptide mapping was used to directly characterize MLK3 in vivo phosphorylation sites. Various types of mass spectrometry were used to analyze MLK3 tryptic peptides separated by C18 reverse-phase HPLC, leading to the identification of Ser524, Ser654, Ser705, Ser740, Ser758, Ser770, Ser793, and a site found on peptide Ser11−Arg37 within a Gly-rich region as MLK3 phosphorylation sites. Additionally, porous graphitic carbon chromatography successfully retained and resolved phosphopeptides that had eluted along with nonvolatile salts and buffers in the flowthrough fractions from the C18 column. Following resolution by PGC chromatography, MALDI-MS in conjunction with alkaline phosphatase treatment identified Ser555, Ser556, Ser724, and Ser727 as sites of phosphorylation on MLK...
Brief Paper: Dynamical analysis and control of microcantilevers

In this paper, we study the dynamical behavior of a microcantilever-sample system that forms the basis for the operation of atomic force microscopes (AFM). We model the microcantilever by a single mode approximation and the interaction between the sample and cantilever by a van der Waals (vdW) potential. The cantilever is vibrated by a sinusoidal input, and its deflection is detected optically. We analyze the forced dynamics using Melnikov method, which reveals the region in the space of physical parameters where chaotic motion is possible. In addition, using a proportional and derivative controller we compute the Melnikov function in terms of the parameters of the controller. Using this relation it is possible to design controllers that will remove the possibility of chaos.
Atypical presentation of geniculate ganglion venous malformation in a child: Conductive hearing loss without facial weakness

We describe an unusual presentation of geniculate ganglion venous malformation, a rare facial nerve lesion, emphasizing the importance of the differential diagnosis, imaging characteristics, and controversies in management. A child presented with moderate right-sided conductive hearing loss and a House-Brackmann grade I facial nerve function bilaterally. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass demonstrating features consistent with a geniculate ganglion venous malformation. To our knowledge, this is the first pediatric case of geniculate ganglion venous malformation presenting solely with conductive hearing loss. Proper management requires differentiating this condition from other geniculate and temporal bone lesions.
Floral Development: An ABC Gene Chips in Downstream

In flower development, specification of stamens and carpels requires the AGAMOUS gene. A recent study has now shown that AGAMOUS also plays more specific roles in the regional activation of sporocyte formation.
The use of relaxed eddy accumulation to measure biosphere-atmosphere exchange of isoprene and other biological trace gases

The micrometeorological flux measurement technique known as relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) holds promise as a powerful new tool for ecologists. The more popular eddy covariance (eddy correlation) technique requires the use of sensors that can respond at fast rates (10 Hz), and these are unavailable for many ecologically relevant compounds. In contrast, the use of REA allows flux measurement with sensors that have much slower response time, such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In this review, relevant micrometeorological details underlying REA are presented, and critical analytical and system design details are discussed, with the goal of introducing the technique and its potential applications to ecologists. The validity of REA for measuring fluxes of isoprene, a photochemically reactive hydrocarbon emitted by several plant species, was tested with measurements over an oak-hickory forest in the Walker Branch Watershed in eastern Tennessee. Concurrent eddy covariance measurements of isoprene flux were made using a newly available chemiluminesence instrument. Excellent agreement was obtained between the two techniques (r 2 = 0.974, n = 62), providing the first direct comparison between REA and eddy covariance for measuring the flux rate of a reactive compound. The influence of a bias in vertical wind velocity on the accuracy of REA was examined. This bias has been thought to be a source of significant error in the past. Measurements of normalized bias ( ) alone would lead us to think that a large potential error exists at this site. However, with our isoprene data and through simulations of REA with fast-response H2O and CO2 data, we conclude that accurate REA flux measurements can be made even in the presence of a bias in w.
Viral myocarditis presenting with seizure and electrocardiographic findings of acute myocardial infarction in a 14-month-old child.

Abstract Acute viral myocarditis is an uncommon but potentially fatal illness in children. Patients with myocarditis may present with nonspecific symptoms or atypical findings that make diagnosis in the emergency department difficult. We describe a previously healthy 14-month-old child with difficulty breathing and a tonic-clonic seizure who was subsequently found to have ECG changes and cardiac marker elevation consistent with acute myocardial infarction. The patient was immediately transferred from our community hospital ED to our tertiary care children's hospital. Shortly after admission, the patient developed intractable nonperfusing ventricular arrhythmias necessitating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Cardiac function did not recover, and the patient required heart transplantation before cessation of bypass. Serology and anatomic pathology confirmed coxsackievirus B myocarditis. This case illustrates (1) the nonspecific presentation of myocarditis as dyspnea and seizure, (2) the manner in which myocarditis can mimic myocardial infarction, and (3) the importance of early diagnosis in the ED and transfer to a tertiary care facility. [Cunningham R, Silbergleit R. Viral myocarditis presenting with seizure and electrocardiographic findings of acute myocardial infarction in a 14-month-old child. Ann Emerg Med. June 2000;35:618-622.]
Heparin resistance after preoperative heparin therapy or intraaortic balloon pumping

Abstract Heparin resistance, defined as failure of 500 IU per kilogram of body weight of heparin to prolong the activated clotting time (ACT) to 480 seconds or longer, was noted during 949 of 4,280 (22%) consecutive open heart surgical procedures performed on adults between 1986 and 1991. The total population was divided into the following four groups; group 1, preoperative intraaortic balloon support without concomitant heparin therapy (n = 138 patients); group 2, preoperative intravenous heparin therapy (n = 741 patients); group 3, intraaortic balloon support with concomitant intravenous heparin therapy (n = 137 patients); and group 4, controls, not receiving preoperatively the therapy given groups 1, 2, or 3 (n = 3,264 patients). The ACT response to an initial dose of 500 lU/kg of heparin and the incidence of heparin resistance were 596 ± 203 seconds and 30% in group 1; 506 ± 149 seconds and 50% in group 2; 520 ± 159 seconds and 53% in group 3; and 705 ± 234 seconds and 14% in group 4, respectively. These results indicate that preoperative intravenous therapy and intraaortic balloon support are associated with a decreased ACT response to intraoperative heparin. Baseline ACT levels and preoperative platelet counts were not predictive of heparin resistance. A reduced ACT response to the initial dose of heparin was associated with increased requirements for supplementary anticoagulant therapy during the ensuing period on cardiopulmonary bypass, indicating that the decreased sensitivity to heparin extends beyond the initial episode of heparinization. These data reveal that preoperative intraaortic balloon support and intravenous heparin therapy are associated with a heightened resistance to heparin, necessitating modifications in the standard heparin dose schedule and mandating close surveillance of ACT for the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass.