cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Climate Change Effects on Floods Frequency Through a Continuous Hydrological Modelling

The relationship between climate change and floods frequency is of great interest for addressing the complex analysis on the hydrologic cycle evolution. In this context, this study aims to assess, by a preliminary investigation, the climate change effects on the floods frequency in several basins of the upper Tiber River, whose area is ranging from 100 to 300 km2. For that, a continuous hydrological model coupled with a stochastic generation of rainfall and temperature has been used. Therefore, a long synthetic series of discharge were generated from which the annual maximum discharges were extracted and, hence, the flood frequency curves were defined. For the stochastic generation of precipitation, the Neyman-Scott Rectangular Pulse model was used, while for the synthetic generation of temperature, an ARIMA model with fractional differentiation was applied. The time series of discharge was assessed by applying a continuous hydrological model developed ad hoc for the investigated basins. The model structure was inferred by investigating the effects of antecedent wetness conditions on the outlet response of several experimental basins located in Central Italy. The analysis proposed here compares the actual time series of precipitation and temperature and the perturbed ones by assuming two different future scenarios obtained by the Global Circulation Model HadCM3. Results showed that geo-morphological and land-use characteristics of basins might have a paramount role in the changing of floods frequency.
Efficient Web services response caching by selecting optimal data representation

We discuss the design for an efficient response cache mechanism appropriate for the Web services architecture. The important feature of Web services is its interoperability between heterogeneous platforms. This interoperability is based on widely accepted standards such as XML, SOAP, and WSDL. We describe a response cache mechanism for Web services client middleware without any extensions to these standards so that the client can participate transparently in the existing Web services community. We propose three optimization methods to improve the performance of our response cache. The first optimization is caching the post-parsing representation instead of the XML message itself. The second is caching application objects. For this optimization, we show some copying processes that are dependent on the type of cached objects. The third optimization is for read-only objects. These methods reduce the overhead of XML processing or object copying. We have implemented a prototype of a response cache on Apache-Axis, and evaluated these optimization methods through experiments for Google Web services. Finally, based on the experimental results, we discuss the optimal configuration of these methods based on data types.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Urolume Urethral Stent

AbstractWe discuss the use of magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis in a patient with the UroLume* *American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, Minnesota. urethral stent. This case demonstrates that magnetic resonance imaging is a safe and effective modality for imaging tissue surrounding the stent.
Nonenzymatic Browning in Edible Spray-Dried Whey. Identification of Some Volatile Components

Abstract A steam volatile oil from commercial edible spray-dried whey, amounting to 32 mg/kg of the powder, has been analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Identities of 24 compounds were confirmed by comparison of their mass spectral gas chromatographic data with those of authentic samples. Products identified comprise seven alkylpyrazines, three furans, two pyrroles, α -methyl- γ -butyrolactone, isobutyramide, N -methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, benzaldehyde, phenol, benzyl alcohol, maltol, dimethylsulfone, propionic, butyric and benzoic acids. The Maillard reaction proceeded significantly during manufacture and storage. Conditions in commercial processing favor the formation of alkylpyrazines which, if taken together, are among the major volatile components of spray-dried whey.
Cytoarchitectonic Definition of Prefrontal Areas in the Normal Human Cortex: II. Variability in Locations of Areas 9 and 46 and Relationship to the Talairach Coordinate System

The human prefrontal cortex can be divided into structurally and functionally distinct cytoarchitectonic areas, but the extent of individual variation in the position, size, and shape of these areas is unknown. Using criteria described in the preceding companion article (Rajkowska and Goldman-Rakic, 1995), as well as visual inspection, we have mapped areas 9 and 46 in the frontal lobe of seven postmortem human brains, and completely reconstructed these dorsolateral regions in five of the seven cases. The lateral reconstructions in these five cases were analyzed and superimposed on the lateral view of the Talairach and Tournoux (1988) coordinate system in such a way as to render both the variability and the regions of overlap for the two prefrontal areas in the five different brains. Based on this exercise, we developed a set of conservative Talairach coordinates to define area 9 and 46. Area 9 is located on the dorsal, lateral, and dorsomedial surfaces of the frontal lobe extending along the middle third of the superior frontal gyrus and adjacent portions of the middle frontal gyrus in all cases examined. Area 46 lies on the dorsolateral convexity and is either partially or completely surrounded by area 9. It is consistently found on one or more convolutions of the middle frontal gyrus. The superior border of area 46 with adjacent cortex is also variable within the middle and superior frontal sulci, as is the inferior border within the upper wall of the inferior frontal sulcus. The genuine variability in the morphology of the human frontal lobe indicated by our findings suggests that the differences among the classical maps of Brodmann, von Economo and Koskinas, and Sarkissov and others may have been due to normal variation among the brains they analyzed. Such variation may underlie individual differences in the visuospatial and cognitive capacities subserved by these areas.
Differential Versus Limiter--Discriminator Detection of Narrow-Band FM

The error probability performance of differential detection of narrow-band FM is determined and compared with the analogous results for limiter-discriminator detection of the same modulation. It is shown that over a large class of benign and hostile environments, e.g., Gaussian IF filter, 1 \leq BT \leq 3, h \leq 1 , AWGN, partial-band noise jamming, the differential detector offers no theoretical performance advantage over the limiter-discriminator receiver with integrate-and-dump postdetection filtering.
Medications Associated with Restless Legs Syndrome: A Case Control Study in the US Renal Data System (USRDS)

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to determine the association between the usage of four classes of "at-risk" medications (antidepressants, neuroleptics, antihistamines, and antiemetics with dopamine blockade) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) in dialysis patients within the United States Renal Data System (USRDS). Methods This was a case–control design within a national (United States) patient registry of all patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the USRDS anytime during the period of 1 October 2006 to 31 December 2010, inclusive. A total of 16,165 ESRD patients (3234 cases; 12,931 age-, sex-, and race-matched controls) were studied. Results All four classes of "at-risk" medications see widespread use among patients in the USRDS. All were associated with increased odds of an RLS diagnosis (range of odds ratios, 1.47–2.28; all p Conclusions ESRD patients often receive medication intended for relief of conditions associated with their disease, such as depression and psychological issues, pruritus, and gastroparesis; however, such medications may increase the risk of RLS. Given the high prevalence of RLS in ESRD patients, these medications should only be used when their benefits clearly outweigh the risk of development of the troubling and distressing symptoms of RLS.
CONSUMER ACCEPTABlLITY AND RETAIL YIELD IN BEEF AFTER PELVIC SUSPENSION AND DELAYED CHILLING

The effect of pelvic versus Achilles' tendon suspension, combined with reduced rate of beef carcass chilling during the first 24 hr postmortem, on tenderness and consumer acceptability of round and loin steaks and on retail yield from the hindquarter were determined in this study. Chilling temperature (-2.2, 3.3 or 8.9°C) did not affect retail yield. Pelvic suspended hindquarters yielded less lean trim (P < 0.001) but had higher yields of round steak and rump roast. Total retail yield was not affected by method of carcass suspension. Pelvic suspension reduced the dimensions of round steaks and produced a more round shape in short loin steaks as compared to normal suspension. Loin steaks from pelvic suspended carcasses were rated more tender (P < 0.001) by a laboratory panel, had longer sarcomeres (P < 0.001) and slightly greater myofibril fragmentation; however, chilling temperature did not significantly affect these traits. 614 consumer evaluations of overall palatability in loin and round steaks were received. Consumers ranked steaks from pelvic suspended carcasses higher (P < 0.01) than those from normally suspended carcasses. Consumers who indicated they normally purchased Choice grade beef perceived less difference between suspension methods and ranked all steaks lower than consumers who normally purchased Good grade or “whatever was sold in the supermarket.” Chilling temperature did not affect consumer rankings of palatability. It is believed that the fat cover on the carcasses was sufficient to prevent muscle temperature from dropping to levels at which cold shortening occurs, even with the lowest chill temperatures used in this study.
Political Determinants of Population Dynamics

The hypothesis that political development involving a massive transformation of the political system is responsible for the movement from high to low birth and death rates in national populations is discussed. The nature of the relationship between political change and changes in vital rates is first described and a new empirical measure of the capacity and effectiveness of political systems is presented. (ANNOTATION)
Sustainable Transport in Freiburg: Lessons from Germany's Environmental Capital

This article examines changes in transport and land-use policies in Germany over the last 40 years that have encouraged more walking, bicycling and public transport use. It focuses on a case study of policy changes in the city of Freiburg, where over the last three decades, the number of bicycle trips tripled, public transport ridership doubled, and the share of trips by automobile declined from 38% to 32%. Since 1990, motorization rates have leveled-off and per-capita CO2 emissions from transport have fallen—despite strong economic growth. The analysis identifies policies that are transferable to car-oriented countries around the world.
Design and implementation of a decentralized prototype system for detecting distributed attacks

This paper presents the design and implementation of a decentralized research prototype intrusion detection system (IDS) named coordinated attacks response and detection system (CARDS), which aims at detecting distributed attacks that cannot be detected using data collected at any single place. CARDS adopts a signature-based approach. It consists of three kinds of independent but cooperative components: signature manager, monitor, and directory service. Unlike traditional distributed IDSs, CARDS decomposes global representations of distributed attacks into smaller units (called detection tasks) that correspond to the distributed events indicating the attacks, and then executes and coordinates the detection tasks in the places where the corresponding events are observed.
Radiation Boundary Conditions for Maxwell's Equations: A Review of Accurate Time-Domain Formulations

We review time-domain formulations of radiation boundary conditions for Maxwell’s equations, focusing on methods which can deliver arbitrary accuracy at acceptable computational cost. Examples include fast evaluations of nonlocal conditions on symmetric and general boundaries, methods based on identifying and evaluating equivalent sources, and local approximations such as the perfectly matched layer and sequences of local boundary conditions. Complexity estimates are derived to assess work and storage requirements as a function of wavelength and simulation time.
THE ROLE OF KUPFFER CELL OXIDANT PRODUCTION IN EARLY ETHANOL-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE

Considerable evidence for a role of Kupffer cells in alcoholic liver disease has accumulated and they have recently been shown to be a predominant source of free radicals. Several approaches including pharmacological agents, knockout mice, and viral gene transfer have been used to fill critical gaps in understanding key mechanisms by which Kupffer cell activation, oxidant formation, and cytokine production lead to liver damage and subsequent pathogenesis. This review highlights new data in support of the hypothesis that Kupffer cells play a pivotal role in hepatotoxicity due to ethanol by producing oxidants via NADPH oxidase.
Measurement and improvement of offshoring effectiveness

This study discusses IT outsourcing from a vendor's perspective and proposes measures to improve offshoring effectiveness. A detailed investigation was conducted to learn why outsourcing ventures fail, how to effectively measure up to service provider capability, and how to deliver strategic value to the end customer with an emphasis on offshoring strategy and offshore resource effectiveness as the two important differentiators in a make-or-buy decision. Measurement metrics for each of the two items were devised to estimate their effect on offshoring effectiveness. We spoke to some of the top 10 IT vendors in India, collected offshoring data from both clients and vendors, and used the data to validate our decision framework. The framework helped us to investigate current industry practices in IT outsourcing, identify issues and problems beyond the obvious advantages of outsourcing, and propose measures to assess offshoring effectiveness. The investigation gave us an insight on how industry practices differ, and an opportunity to record the best practices and suggest possible improvements in the service or product delivery cycle to enhance customer experience.
Contrasting Effects of Lithium Chloride and CB1 Receptor Blockade on Enduring Changes in the Valuation of Reward.

When an organism has been trained to respond for a reward, its learned behavior can be characterized as goal-directed or habitual based on whether or not it is susceptible to reward devaluation. Here, we evaluated whether instrumental responding for brain stimulation reward (BSR) can devalued using a paradigm traditionally used for natural rewards. Rats were trained to lever press for BSR. Subsequently, BSR was paired with either lithium chloride (LiCl, 5 mg/kg, i.p), a pro-emetic, or AM251, a CB1 receptor antagonist (3 mg/kg, i.p.). Pairings of BSR with these two compounds or their respective vehicle were performed in a novel environment so that only unconditional effects of BSR were affected by the pharmacological manipulations. Subsequently, in a probe test, all rats were returned in the drug-free state to the boxes where they had received training instrumental responding was reassessed in the absence of BSR delivery. LiCl produced enduring decreases in the number of responses during the test session, whereas AM251 had no effect. These results show that instrumental responding for BSR is susceptible to devaluation, in accord with the proposal that this behavior is supported at least in part by associations between the response and the rewarding outcome. Furthermore, they suggest that the reward modulation observed in studies involving the use of CB1 receptor antagonists arises from changes in the organism’s motivation rather than due to drug-induced changes in the intrinsic value of reward.
Immunotherapy in HIV Infection

Substantial progress has been made in devising successful therapies against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) replication, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) can provide a sustained control of HIV replication. It is, however, associated with at best partial immune reconstitution, as well as lack of elimination of viral reservoirs. Both innate and adaptive immune cell compartments that suffer as a result of HIV replication, fail to recover completely under ART, hence, the need for lifelong therapy once infected. Novel therapeutic approaches are being tested at an encouraging rate and have the potential to improve the odds against the virus. Among them, immunotherapeutic approaches are one of the exciting areas and can be considered as adjunct to ART for improving immune competence. Cells of the innate immune system, including natural killer (NK) cells, gamma delta (γδ) T cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells have cytotoxic potential against viruses, and therapies including such effector cells will be useful. The fact that HIV infection results in a severe dysfunction in most of these effector subsets, warrants approaches that take this into consideration. One reason for the dysfunction of immune cells is the disruption of the common γ chain family of cytokines during HIV infection. These cytokines play vital role in regulating functional activities of such immune effector cells. Consequently, besides and along with cells, these cytokines including IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-21 have shown some promise against HIV infection. This review briefly summarizes the immune therapy options in HIV infection, with special focus on innate cells and cytokines.
Mechanism of eukaryotic homologous recombination.

Homologous recombination (HR) serves to eliminate deleterious lesions, such as double-stranded breaks and interstrand crosslinks, from chromosomes. HR is also critical for the preservation of repli- cation forks, for telomere maintenance, and chromosome segrega- tion in meiosis I. As such, HR is indispensable for the maintenance of genome integrity and the avoidance of cancers in humans. The HR reaction is mediated by a conserved class of enzymes termed recombinases. Two recombinases, Rad51 and Dmc1, catalyze the pairing and shuffling of homologous DNA sequences in eukaryotic cells via a filamentous intermediate on ssDNA called the presynaptic filament. The assembly of the presynaptic filament is a rate-limiting process that is enhanced by recombination mediators, such as the breast tumor suppressor BRCA2. HR accessory factors that facil- itate other stages of the Rad51- and Dmc1-catalyzed homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange reaction have also been identified. Recent progress on elucidating the mechanisms of action of Rad51 and Dmc1 and their cohorts of ancillary factors is reviewed here.
The Emergence of the Memo as a Managerial Genre

This article traces the historical evolution of the memorandum as a genre of written communication in American business during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It draws on published and unpublished materials from the period, including archival materials from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and Scovill Manufacturing Company. The historical analysis shows that the memo developed from the letter, not for reasons related to rhetorical theory, but as a practical response to two sets of developments: (1) the emergence of new managerial theory and techniques, and (2) innovations in the technology of written communication. The study also reveals a significant lag between the actual emergence of the genre and its recognition in instructional materials in communication.
Interferon-α, Molecular Signaling Pathways and Behavior

Interferon-alpha (IFN-α), a prime innate immunity mediator, has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders in humans in addition to its other beneficial pleiotropic actions. The pathophysiology of IFN-α-induced CNS illnesses, however, remains obscure because of limited access to human brain. Demonstration of JAK/STAT pathway in IFN-α signaling provides a novel means to evaluate the functional impact of IFN-α on the brain. Recent studies in mice have indicated a direct access of systemic IFN-α to the brain showing a rapid and profound stimulation of IFN-stimulated genes in brain parenchyma cells following peripheral IFN- administration. Conflicting neurochemical data and behavioral observations of IFN-α in rodents necessitate the importance of further investigation including broad behavioral characterization and cellular/molecular dissection. Elucidation of the cerebral neuronal circuitry in mediating the behavioral dysfunctions by IFN-α will help to delineate a long-disputed etiologic and/or pathogenic link between immune activation and human mental disorders.
Advances in decentralized and stateful access control

The economy and security of modern society relies on increasingly distributed infrastructures and institutions, such as the banking system, government agencies, and commercial enterprises. This trend raises both the importance of access control technology and its complexity. Law-Governed Interaction (LGI) represents an advanced access control mechanism that satisfies many of the challenges posed by modern computing. LGI, however, has been defined for asynchronous, message passing, communication, leaving unsupported the wide range of applications that employ synchronous communication. Furthermore, no formal mechanism had been designed for adapting its policies in the presence of ever-changing security requirements. My dissertation addresses these issues as follows. It introduces Regulated Synchronous Communication, a novel access control model for synchronous, request-reply communication; it proposes Hot Updates, a mechanism for changing the policy of a distributed system while the system continues to operate. Regulated Synchronous Communication extends the LGI mechanism to synchronous communication, thus providing advanced control over this important and popular mode of communication. Among the novel characteristics of this model are: the control of both the request and the reply; regulated timeout capability provided to clients, in a manner that takes into account the concerns of their server; and enforcement on both the client and server sides. Hot Updates addresses the issue of changing the access control policy of a large distributed system, in the context of LGI. Hot Policy Updates undertakes a number of challenges such as (a) how to propagate the policy updates throughout the system, (b) when to update the policy with respect to an individual component, and (c) how to avoid, minimize or compensate possible inconsistencies that appear during the update process. Both Regulated Synchronous Communication and Hot Updates had been implemented using Java Laws, a novel Java-based language for expressing access control policies for LGI. Java Laws provides a common platform for applying fine-grained access control particularly suitable for distributed applications written in Java. Among other advantages, Java Laws enables an efficient enforcement of access control, as well as good scalability and portability across various operating systems.
OTTER Proofs in Tarskian Geometry

We report on a project to use OTTER to find proofs of the theorems in Tarskian geometry proved in Szmielew’s part (Part I) of [9]. These theorems start with fundamental properties of betweenness, and end with the development of geometric definitions of addition and multiplication that permit the representation of models of geometry as planes over Euclidean fields, or over real-closed fields in the case of full continuity. They include the four challenge problems left unsolved by Quaife, who two decades ago found some OTTER proofs in Tarskian geometry (solving challenges issued in [15]).
Aerobic treatment of liquid swine manure using polymer: Evaluation for ammonia emissions reduction and nitrogen retention

Abstract In the present study, the effectiveness of polymer (maleic-itaconic acid) on ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions reduction and in retaining nitrogen (N) in fresh liquid swine manure (SM) was evaluated. The relationship between pH and NH 3 emission was also determined. Different doses of polymer (namely Treatment 1 = T1 = 0.8 L polymer/ton of manure, Treatment 2 = T2 = 1.6 L polymer/ton of manure, Treatment 3 = T3 = 2.4 L polymer/ton of manure, and Treatment 4 = T4 = 3.2 L polymer/ton of manure) were added to the SM and its effects were observed for 30 d. The tests results showed significant reduction in pH for T1, T2, T3 and T4 compared to control (C). For the short term (up to 3d) T2, T3, and T4 showed significantly lower NH 3 gas concentrations than C, however, for the long term (up to 10–20 d) only T4 continued to indicate significantly lower NH 3 gas concentrations. Although numeric observations were reported for other treatments (T1, T2 and T3), no significant differences in NH 3 gas concentrations were found. The NH 3 emissions reductions were calculated in the range of 81–92%, 31–88%, −39–61%, 6–41%, −106% to −6% for the treatment period of 1, 3, 10, 20 and 30 d, respectively. The addition of polymer resulted in no significant difference in total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and NO 3 − –N concentration. However, the addition of polymer had a significant influence on total Kjehldahl nitrogen (TKN) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) concentration. The NH 3 gas emissions strongly correlated with the manure pH (R 2 = 0.911–0.999).
A comparative study of the occupational attainment processes of white men and women in the United States: the effects of having ever married spousal education children and having ever divorced.

The major purpose of this study is to compare the extent to which the occupational attainment processes of men and women are affected by having ever married and by the human capital assets that spouses bring to marriage....The second objective of this study is to assess the extent to which spousal assets continue to influence the occupational status outcomes of men and women after a marriage has ended in divorce....Data for this study was obtained from the eighteenth wave of the Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics otherwise known as the PSID (1985). (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA) (EXCERPT)
Model-based software synthesis for large systems

In this paper, we describe techniques for knowledge representation and compilation of large software systems in a model-based, automatic program synthesis environment. Domain specific declarative models are used t o represent specifications and implementation strategies for reactive systems. Dynamic re-synthesis of an executing system is supported, allowing the system structure t o adapt to the external or internal environment. We describe an application of these techniques t o a large, high performance parallel instrumentation system used for analysis of turbine engine strain gauge signals produced during altitude testing. The unique features of this approach include: explicit domain-specific declarative models; graphical representation of models; multiple aspect models; automatic specification of the necessary hardware architecture; and on-line re-synthesis of dynamic systems.
Analysis of Individual Bile Acids and Their Glycine/Taurine Conjugates by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography and Densitometry

We have investigated a thin-layer chromatography method1 for the quantitative measurement of free and conjugated bile acids in duodenal juice. Evaluation of solvent systems and colour spray reagents has enabled us to select conditions which improve the resolution, sensitivity and colour stability of the method. The modified method, using high-performance thin-layer chromatography and densitometry, is rapid, accurate, reproducible and practicable. The technique deserves wider routine use.
Activation of CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and c-C3H6 by gas-phase Pd+ and the thermochemistry of Pd-ligand complexes

The kinetic energy dependences of the reactions of Zr+ (4F) with ethane, propane, and cyclopropane have been studied using guided ion beam mass spectrometry. It is found that dehydrogenation is efficient and the dominant process at low energies in all three reaction systems. Efficient C−C bond activation is also observed at low energies in the cyclopropane system. At high energies, products resulting from both C−H and C−C cleavage processes are appreciable for all three hydrocarbon systems. The observation of dihydride and hydrido-methyl zirconium cation products provides insight into the reaction mechanisms operating in these processes. The results for Zr+ are compared with those for the first-row transition metal congener Ti+ and the differences in behavior and mechanism discussed. Modeling of the endothermic reaction cross sections yields the 0 K bond dissociation energies (in eV) of D0(Zr+−2H) = 5.02 ± 0.13, D0(Zr+−C) = 4.62 ± 0.16, D0(Zr+−CH) = 5.89 ± 0.13, D0(Zr+−CH2) = 4.61 ± 0.05, D0(Zr+−CH3) = 2....
A New Vibriothrix.

An organism has been recently isolated from human stool by me, the characters of which I will briefly describe.Morphology.—In preparations made from the water condensation of recent glucose agar cultures the most diverse forms are seen: bacillus-like forms, curved vibrio-like forms, and very long spiral forms. In addition peculiar globular bodies of very different size, some very minute, others very large, being 3 or 4 microns in diameter, are present.Motility.—The organism is motile.Staining Reactions.—It is gram-negative, not acid-fast.Cultural Characters and Biochemical Reactions.—Grows well on all ordinary laboratory media. On glucose agar and several other media the color of the growth is orange yellow. Serum is not liquefied. Gelatin seems to be very slowly liquefied. The organism does not produce gas in any sugar. In certain sugars it increases the alkalinity of the medium.Pathogenicity.—The organism in all probability is not pathogenic. The subcutaneous inoculation into guinea pigs produces no sym...
What Is Program Evaluation

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article about the important role played by program evaluation in public health in the U.S. in a 2016 issue.
Prediction of Industrial Water Demand in Qingdao City

Along with the rapid industrial development,the industrial water demand grows day by day,the reasonable prediction of the industrial water demand has become an extremely important part of the urban water supply and water resource planning.Taking Qingdao as the research object,the forecast research on its industrial water demand is conducted,the method of prediction uses the grey prediction model.Based on the grey prediction theory,the industrial development in Qingdao is predicted;According to the analysis of the actual situation in Qingdao,its water demand quota is determined.The industrial water demand of Qingdao in the future years is obtained by using the quota method.
Confirmation of Results of Rapid Screening Test for Aflatoxins Performed at Corn Elevator

A screening method for corn and corn products, based on a minicolumn, was modified slightly to assay 60 lots of corn at one elevator to determine whether they could be sold as animal feed. To be salable, the lots had to contain less than 20 ppb total aflatoxin. Aflatoxin levels in the lots were later determined by the official AOAC method for corn to check effectiveness of the screening. No lot had been designated for sale that contained 20 or more ppb total aflatoxin.
A Statistics-based Fundamental Model for Side-channel Attack Analysis.

Side-channel attacks (SCAs) exploit leakage from the physical implementation of cryptographic algorithms to recover the otherwise secret information. In the last decade, popular SCAs like differential power analysis (DPA) and correlation power analysis (CPA) have been invented and demonstrated to be realistic threats to many critical embedded systems. However, there is still no sound and provable theoretical model that illustrates precisely what the success of these attacks depends on and how. Based on the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) theory, this paper proposes a general statistical model for side-channel attack analysis that takes characteristics of both the physical implementation and cryptographic algorithm into consideration. The model establishes analytical relations between the success rate of attacks and the cryptographic system. For power analysis attacks, the side-channel characteristic of the physical implementation is modeled as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which is the ratio between the single-bit unit power consumption and the standard deviation of power distribution. The side-channel property of the cryptographic algorithm is extracted by a novel algorithmic confusion analysis. Experimental results of DPA and CPA on both DES and AES verify this model with high accuracy and demonstrate effectiveness of the algorithmic confusion analysis and SNR extraction. We expect the model to be extendable to other SCAs, like timing attacks, and would provide valuable guidelines for truly SCA-resilient system design and implementation.
Strategic planning in long-term care organizations.

This article has endeavored to show that strategic planning is applicable to even the smallest, least complex organization. Strategic planning does not have to be, nor should it be, an extra burden foist on an already overworked staff. It can be an important, supportive element of the management process. Inclusion of strategic planning in an organization's routine management practice can help to perpetuate the organization. As one author (Infield 1989) recently noted, "In the current competitive health care environment, strategic planning capabilities may determine the survival of many long-term care programs and services."
REFRACTORY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: Therapeutic Options

Because rheumatoid arthritis rarely remits, refractory disease is common. Attention should be paid to aggravating comorbid conditions. Pharmacologic options currently available include cyclosporin, high-dose methotrexate, combination second-line agents, and creative use of corticosteroids. The available literature is reviewed in this article and the potential risks and benefits of the various options are discussed.
Control of the structural landscape and neuronal proteotoxicity of mutant Huntingtin by domains flanking the polyQ tract

Many neurodegenerative diseases are linked to amyloid aggregation. In Huntington's disease (HD), neurotoxicity correlates with an increased aggregation propensity of a polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in exon 1 of mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt). Here we establish how the domains flanking the polyQ tract shape the mHtt conformational landscape in vitro and in neurons. In vitro, the flanking domains have opposing effects on the conformation and stabilities of oligomers and amyloid fibrils. The N-terminal N17 promotes amyloid fibril formation, while the C-terminal Proline Rich Domain destabilizes fibrils and enhances oligomer formation. However, in neurons both domains act synergistically to engage protective chaperone and degradation pathways promoting mHtt proteostasis. Surprisingly, when proteotoxicity was assessed in rat corticostriatal brain slices, either flanking region alone sufficed to generate a neurotoxic conformation, while the polyQ tract alone exhibited minimal toxicity. Linking mHtt structural properties to its neuronal proteostasis should inform new strategies for neuroprotection in polyQ-expansion diseases.
Hydroselsmicity: A Hypothesis for The Role of Water in the Generation of Intraplate Seismicity

A new hypothesis termed Hydroseismicity that has hydrologic (diffusion of pore pressure transients from recharge areas of groundwater basins), geologic (rifted, fractured crust), and chemical (solubility of minerals) elements is proposed to explain the role of water in the generation of intraplate seismicity. Its basis is a spatial correlation in the southeastern U. S. between 1) seismogenic crustal volumes of high seismicity, 2) large gravity-driven river basins that can provide an adequate supply of water to the upper- and mid-crust, and 3) a permeable crust that is tectonically stressed close to failure. It is suggested that in crustal volumes with a combination of connected fractures and adequate groundwater, natural transient increases in hydraulic head in recharge areas of groundwater basins can be transmitted to depths of 10–20 km, and thereby trigger earthquakes, via a flow-path geometry that resembles except for scale the model familiar to groundwater hydrologists for near-surface flow. Possible trigger mechanisms for Hydroseismicity include small increases in fluid pressure at hypocentral depths caused by such transient increases, and hydrolytic weakening of minerals that leads to structural weakening. Implicit in the model is a diffuse distribution of epicenters (as is observed in the region) rather than concentrations along discrete geologie (faults) or geomorphic (rivers) elements. Open fractures imply fracture roughness, i.e., asperities under a higher stress that keep fractures open even in an ambient tectonic stress field. Intraplate earthquakes in a fractured crust prestressed to near-failure are thus postulated to be triggered by small transient increases in fluid pressure transmitted along preexisting fractures in a rock fabric weakened by stress corrosion of asperities. Abundant petrologic evidence is available to justify an assumption of fracture permeability to depths of 20 km near passive rifted margins. All four principal seismogenic volumes in the southeastern U. S. are within gravity-driven groundwater basins that can provide an abundant supply of water to the ernst, and that intersect known or suspected Eocambrian or Mesozoic rifted crust. The host basins have the largest surface recharge areas and contain rivers with the highest average stream gradients as measured from their headwaters to the Fall Line. Seismicity in the region is characterized by steeply dipping focal mechanism nodal planes and diffuse alignments and/or clusters of epicenters. These characteristics are compatible with a steep to vertical fracture fabric currently being reactivated by porc pressure diffusion from surface recharge of groundwater basins.
Why Walk…Fly: Managing Anger, Grief, and PTSD (2016)

This book is written by a social worker and psychotherapist who works with domestic violence in the school system. The author developed a school violence prevention program for at-risk youth. She s...
From Cousin Joe to the Comoros: Orthography and the Politics of Choice in Africa and African America

This paper explores issues of orthographic representation in two different projects, in two different locations, and draws some general conclusions about the role of an outsider linguistic anthropologist in working with individuals and their data. One project involved helping Cousin Joe, a blues singer from New Orleans, to edit his autobiography for publication. The other project involved developing a bilingual, bidirectional, Shinzwani-English dictionary for the Comoro Islands. Each project required an awareness of-and sensitivity to-the cultural and political implications of orthographic decisions.
“Inside out”: Appraisals for achievement emotions from constructive, positive, and negative feedback on writing

Even with the recent surge of research on achievement emotions, few studies have investigated emotions in feedback situations and the appraisals associated with such emotions. The purpose of this study was to examine emotion appraisals of constructive criticism, negative, and positive feedback, to aid us in determining whether these appraisals differed by feedback type. In a task asking them to provide open-ended responses as they imagined receiving feedback on a writing task, undergraduates (N = 270) gave reasons for why they might experience unpleasant emotions from positive feedback and pleasant emotions from negative feedback along with reasons for both pleasant and unpleasant emotions emanating from constructive feedback. Open coding of responses yielded categories for each emotion-feedback pairing that, across all emotions, were collapsed into five appraisal categories: feedback suggests ways to improve, a mismatch between feedback and task exists, feedback targets the self or one’s ability, feedback says something about the relationship between feedback giver and receiver, and the task is judged for its value. Distributions of appraisal categories distinguished constructive feedback from positive and negative feedback. Implications are drawn for control-value theory and for classroom feedback practices.
Stationary-State Perturbation Theory

If a Hamiltonian, H, differs very little from a Hamiltonian, H 0, for which art exact solution is known., an expansion procedure may give a good approximation for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the full H. Many physically interesting problems, e.g., the Stark or Zeeman effects in an atom or a molecule, may involve a small perturbation of an exactly soluble problem.
Refactoring human roles solves systems problems

Several persistent problems in system administration, deployment, configuration, and usability stem from a common root: the conflation of roles between developers, users, hardware wranglers, and software integrators. We develop a taxonomy of such conflations, and show that identifying each conflation characterizes one or more familiar systems problems. Furthermore, the taxonomy suggests directions for solving these problems: refactor components to produce interfaces that cleanly decouple these roles. Recent trends in web-based client applications and cloud-based services have demonstrated the feasibility of such changes. We describe recent projects our group has done that further decouple the roles, and we use the taxonomy to propose new projects.
Reproducibility of the Synthesis and Processing of Nanostructured Material Properties

The reproducibility or variance in the properties of nanostructured milled iron and iron alloy powders and nanostructured compacts was determined and characterized. To date, all too often the characterization of nanostructured materials has been limited to examination of one or two samples, from which it is impossible to determine the reproducibility of the reported values. In this study, multiple attritor millings were made and the variability of the macroscopic and nanostructure characteristics was determined (e.g., particle size, grain size, etc.). From a single milled powder composition, multiple hot-press compacts were made. Statistical analyses were made of the reproducibility of resulting consolidated macroscopic and nanostructured properties, such as density, hardness, grain size, and tensile/compression strength. Mechanical processing of iron powder and mechanical alloying of iron powder with aluminum, carbon, and nitrogen showed that attrition milling reliably reproduced 0.5-kg lots of nanostructured powder. Hot-pressing the milled powder also produced reproducibility nanostructured compacts. There was little or no correlation found between the milled powder properties and the compacted powder properties. Several correlations that are generally valid for large grain materials were found not to hold for nanograin compacts (e.g., between density and hardness).
A two-stage least cost credit scoring model

A least cost two-stage credit scoring model is developed and evaluated. The model is two-stage in the sense reflected by existing practice. That is, based on preliminary information, a decision is made to grant credit, deny credit, or to seek additional information before making a decision. If additional information is sought, the decision goes to the second stage, where a final decision to grant or deny credit is made. The model is based on an integer programming formulation that attempts to minimize the total combined cost of granting credit to likely defaulters, denying credit to likely payers, and for obtaining all of the information that is required to make the decisions.
The Midlatitudes of North and South America During the Last Glacial Maximum and Early Holocene: Similar Paleoclimatic Sequences Despite Differing Large-Scale Controls

Publisher Summary Paleoenvironmental records from North, and South America since the last glacial maximum (LGM) show environmental changes that are similar in timing, and direction despite the differing extents of ice cover, and opposing seasonal variations of insolation in the two hemispheres. The understanding of the controls of global, and regional climate change is based on information on insolation, ice volume, atmospheric, and ocean conditions on the spatial, and temporal patterns of simulated paleoclimates. These data sets are compared with biotic evidence from temperate western regions of both continents for two periods, when the climate controls were extreme. The full-glacial environment of western North America was characterized by widespread subalpine and tundra taxa in the north, and woodland and montane taxa in the south. This pattern is consistent with a southward displacement of the jet stream, steepened temperature gradients, and a stronger glacial anticyclone produced by the Laurentide ice sheet. In South America, pollen and fossil beetle data indicate that open vegetation was widespread, and woodland vegetation was confined. A gradient may be explained by a weakened subtropical high and summer monsoon, and a weakly positive winter insolation anomaly lagged into spring by sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and sea ice extents. Carryover of anomalies in the controls into subsequent months, combined with interactions among surface water, and energy balance components, best explain the synchroneity in the paleoclimatic records of the Northern, and Southern Hemispheres.
“Take My Mother-in-law…Please!”

This paper investigated the effect of the wife’s bargaining power on the decision about intergenerational co-residence in China (i.e., whether she lived with the husband’s mother or not). Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey data from 2000, this paper found evidence in favor of women’s empowerment: the increase in women’s bargaining power. Specifically, greater education and a more prestigious occupation for women, relative to their husbands’, significantly reduced the probability of living with their mothers-in-law. The effect was particularly strong in urban areas.
Using Data for Computation

The previous chapter presented how to write programs using only System.out.println and System.out.print statements. This chapter introduces how to store, modify, and retrieve information. The medium in which information is stored is called data.
Breast Implant Infections: An Update

Prosthetic breast implantation is a common surgical procedure for augmentation and reconstruction after mastectomy. The incidence of implant infection is 1% to 2.5% and is higher for reconstruction following mastectomy compared with augmentation. Most infections are caused by gram-positive pathogens, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci, Cutibacterium species, Staphylococcus aureus, and streptococci. Acute infections are usually associated with fever and breast pain, erythema, and drainage. Subacute infections may present with chronic pain, persistent drainage, failed healing of the incision site, or migration of the implant. Depending on severity of infection, patients are started on empiric intravenous or oral antibiotics and closely monitored.