cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF THE OCLC INTERLIBRARY LOAN SUBSYSTEM ON A SCIENCE ORIENTED ACADEMIC LIBRARY

Analysis and statistics are presented for one year of the California Institute of Technology Library's use of OCLC as a borrower, as well as a lender. The knowledge of location of items in a wide range of libraries has made ILL request communications for books easier, quicker, and more precise. Requests by Caltech for journal articles, reports, etc. are not handled via OCLC. Requests received from other libraries show some lack of discrimination by specifying items not shown as at Caltech or by asking recently published books. However, the volume of such requests is small.
Chapter 84 – Other Gastrointestinal Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (All Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Types)

This chapter focuses on a group of gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin lymphomas, which include maltomas, high-grade lymphomas, and large B-cell diffuse lymphomas. Lymphomas of the lower gastrointestinal tract are about twice as common in men as women and occur as commonly elsewhere as in Los Angeles County. Incidence in different racial groups is roughly similar, and among men there is some tendency for increased risk among those of a higher social class. These malignancies begin to increase in frequency in young adulthood. Their occurrence in the county as a whole has increased over time, especially among men, although the rate among men living in high-risk census tracts appears to have been more constant. The reason for the higher incidence over time and among men and those of a higher social class is unknown. No systematic pattern of geographical occurrence is apparent, and therefore no local source of causation is proposed.
Sex Chromosome Abnormalities

Sex chromosome abnormalities are disease states resulting from absence or excess of all or part of a sex chromosome (X or Y). Turner syndrome (monosomy X; 45,X) occurs in about 1 in 3000 live births. Affected females usually have short stature, a webbed neck, a broad chest, and infertility due to ovarian dysfunction. Cardiovascular defects, often aortic coarctation or aortic valve abnormalities are frequently present. Males with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) often have a mild physical phenotype with tall stature, gynecomastia, and wide hips. They have decreased testosterone production and infertility or reduced fertility. Mood and affect disorders are common. These and other sex chromosome disorders have been studied in murine and feline models.
Scavenging of peroxynitrite by a phenolic/peroxidase system prevents oxidative damage to DNA.

We examined the ability of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), an analog of human myeloperoxidase, to protect DNA against oxidative damage caused by peroxynitrite in the presence of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a naturally occurring polyphenol. Chlorogenic acid inhibits the formation of single strand breaks in supercoiled pBR322 DNA by acting as a scavenger of peroxynitrite. Horseradish peroxidase markedly enhances the extent of DNA protection by catalyzing the decomposition of peroxynitrite in the presence of CGA. Horseradish peroxidase alone does not inhibit peroxynitrite-induced DNA strand breaks, indicating that CGA is required as an electron donor to regenerate the active enzyme. The apparent second order rate constant for the HRP-mediated oxidation of CGA in the presence of peroxynitrite at pH 6.9 is 3.4×107 M−1 s−1. This high rate suggests that CGA and other dietary polyphenols might efficiently scavenge peroxynitrite in peroxidase-containing systems in vivo.
Service Quality Determinants and Effectiveness in the Real Estate Brokerage Industry

This study provides an analysis of the real estate brokerage industry for the purposes of identifying the determinants of service quality, the level of service quality, and possible service quality...
The Purposeful Use of Performance in Groups: A New Look at the Balance of Task and Process

ABSTRACT This paper explores the purposeful use of performance in an arts-based activity group that is rooted in social group work. It identifies the presence of three interconnected purposes: (1) a skill-acquisition purpose, (2) a performance-based purpose, and (3) a socioemotional purpose. This three-fold purpose introduces certain challenges throughout the life of the group, including the worker's negotiation of her role and the balance of task and process. The paper also discusses the benefits of the task-oriented goal of performance in the context of social group work. Illustrations from a co-ed pre-adolescent dance group are provided throughout the paper.
Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Resistant and Susceptible Guinea Pigs: In Vivo and in Vitro Correlates

Strain 2 guinea pigs develop less severe experimental allergic encephalomyelitis than do strain 13 and Hartley guinea pigs when sensitized with equivalent amounts of homologous myelin basic protein (BP) in complete Freund's adjuvant. In vivo and in vitro correlates of delayed hypersensitivity to myelin basic protein are depressed in the strain 2 guinea pigs relative to the two susceptible strains. The incidence of circulating anti-BP antibodies is also lower in sera from strain 2 guinea pigs than in sera from strain 13 or Hartley guinea pigs. There was no difference among the three strains in their ability to mount delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin, nor in the response of their cells to PHA in vitro.
Quality in clinical practice

This paper reports the proceedings of the discussion panel assigned to look at clinical aspects of quality in emergency medicine. One of the seven stated objectives of the Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference on quality in emergency medicine was to educate emergency physicians regarding quality measures and quality improvement as essential aspects of the practice of emergency medicine. Another topic of interest was a discussion of the value of information technology in facilitating quality care in the clinical practice of emergency medicine. It is important to note that this is not intended to be a comprehensive review of this extensive topic, but instead is designed to report the discussion that occurred at this session of the consensus conference.
Superior effectiveness of ibuprofen compared with other NSAIDs for reducing the survival of human prostate cancer cells.

Abstract Purpose. Although NSAIDs (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs) appear to be effective in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer, very little information exists on the comparative effects of common nonprescription NSAIDs. In the present investigation, we evaluated the effects of widely used nonprescription NSAIDs on human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Materials and methods. Using in vitro models of androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive human prostate cancer cells, we evaluated the effects of acetaminophen, aspirin, naproxen, and ibuprofen on cell survival, cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis. We also compared the effects of these drugs with that of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, NS-398. Results. Ibuprofen was significantly more effective against human prostate cancer cells in vitro than the other tested nonprescription NSAIDs. MTT analysis indicated that clinically relevant concentrations of ibuprofen significantly reduced the survival of LNCaP human prostate tumor cells. TUNEL analysis demonstrated that this was due in part to a significant number of LNCaP cells undergoing apoptosis. Ibuprofen also induced the same amount of apoptosis of an androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line (DU-145), but had little effect on normal mouse fibroblast (3T3) cells. Cell cycle analysis indicated that ibuprofen caused LNCaP cells to shift from the S and G2/M phases to the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle. Another propionic acid NSAID, naproxen, had an effect similar to but overall less than that of ibuprofen. Suprapharmacological concentrations of aspirin and acetaminophen did not induce levels of apoptosis in LNCaP cells similar to those induced by clinically relevant concentrations of ibuprofen. The selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 mirrored the effectiveness of ibuprofen against LNCaP cells in vitro. However, when the pharmacokinetics of selective COX-2 inhibitors and other NSAIDs reported to be effective against prostate cancer were taken into consideration, ibuprofen appeared to be one of the most effective NSAIDs at clinically relevant concentrations. Conclusions. These observations support the use of ibuprofen in future in vivo studies and in clinical trials designed to test the effectiveness of NSAIDs against human prostate cancer.
Temporal variation of meandering intensity and domain-wide lateral oscillations of the Gulf Stream

The path of the Gulf Stream exhibits two modes of variability: wavelike spatial meanders associated with instability processes and large-sale lateral shifts of the path presumably due to atmospheric forcing. The objectives of this study are to examine the temporal variation of the intensity of spatial meandering in the stream, to characterize large-scale lateral oscillations in the stream's path, and to study the correlation betwen these two dynamically distinct modes of variability. The data used for this analysis are path displacemets ofthe Gulf Stream between 75 deg and 60 deg W obtained from AVHRR-derived (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) infrared images for the period April 1982 through December 1989. Meandering intensity, measured by the spatial root-mean-sqaure displacement of the stream path, displays a 9-month dominant periodicity which is persistent through the study period. The 9-month fluctuation in meandering intensity may be related to the interaction of Rosseby waves with the stream. Interannual variation of meandering intensity is also found to be significant, with meandering being mich more intense during 1985 than it was in 1987. Annual variation, however,is weak and not well-defined.The spatially averaged position of the stream, which reflects nonmeandering large-scale lateral oscillations of the stream path, is dominated by an annual cycle. On average, the mean position is farthest north in November and farthest south in April. The first empirical orthogonal function mode of the space-time path displacements represents lateral oscillatins that are in-phase over the space-time domain. Interannual oscillations are also observed and are found to be weaker than the annual oscillation. The eigenvalue of the first mode indicates that about 21.5% of the total space-time variability of the stream path can be attibuted to domain-wide lateral oscillation. The correlation between meandering intensity and domain-wide lateral oscillations is very weak.
Reduced methanol kinetic mechanisms for combustion applications

Abstract Reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms for methanol combustion were investigated by evaluating ignition delay magnitudes and combustion in a continuously stirred reactor. Unsteady computations were made to study the characteristics of the kinetic mechanisms proposed in the literature and to compare the dependence of various parameters on methanol combustion. All computations were done under isobaric conditions, and, to capture the influence of all the reactions involved in the mechanism, a very small time step was used. Finite-difference methods were used to solve the coupled differential equations. The five-step mechanism developed by C.M. Mueller and N. Peters [in: N. Peters, B. Rogg (Eds.), Reduced Kinetic Mechanisms for Applications in Combustion Systems, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993, pp. 143–155] for premixed flames and both the five-step mechanism and the four-step mechanisms developed by C.M. Mueller, K. Seshadri, J.Y. Chen [ibid, pp. 284–307] for non-premixed flames were considered. It was found that the Mueller et al. five-step mechanism, with some modifications, best supported the spontaneous ignition and continuous stirred reactor combustion. The results were validated by comparing calculated ignition delays with available experimental data of C.T. Bowman [Combust. Flame 25 (1975) 343–354], and calculated final steady-state concentrations with chemical equilibrium calculations [J.-Y. Chen, Combust. Sci. Technol. 78 (1991) 127]. Initial temperature and concentration and the operating pressure of the system have a major effect on the delay of methanol ignition. The residence time of the continuous stirred reactor affects ignition delay and also changes the transient characteristic of chemical composition of the fuel–vapor mixture. The computations are intended to guide and explain many combustion studies that require a methanol kinetic mechanism.
Treatment of High-Grade Dysplasia and Early Stage Esophageal Adenocarcinoma with an Endoscope: The Ultimate in Minimally Invasive, Curative Therapy

There has been a radical paradigm shift away from esophagectomy as the standard of therapy for high-grade dysplasia and early esophageal cancer. A number of organ-sparing endoscopic procedures including endoscopic resection, radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation are emerging as viable and preferable options for the treatment of early esophageal neoplasia. This review article will discuss ideal candidates for endoscopic therapies, current treatment modalities, clinical and safety outcomes, and specific management recommendations.
Stereochemistry of amino acids in surface samples of a marine sediment

In two surface samples of marine sediment, the percentages of D-alanine and D-aspartic acid are significantly higher than the other D-amino acids and are similar to the range found in soils. The percentage of D-glutamic acid is also higher than the other amino acids but less than D-alanine and D-aspartic acid. These D-amino acids may come mainly from bacteria.
Seasonal variation in reproductive steroids of male and female yellow-blotched map turtles, Graptemys flavimaculata.

From April to October of 1996 and 1997, we measured seasonal changes in plasma testosterone (T) in male and plasma T and estradiol-17beta (E(2)) in female yellow-blotched map turtles, Graptemys flavimaculata, from the Pascagoula River, Mississippi. In 1996, plasma from females was analyzed for progesterone. In 1997, ovaries of adult females were ultrasound imaged to determine stages of follicular development. Males exhibited peak T levels in September and October of both years, indicating fall gonadal activity. Males also exhibited a low level spring peak in T during April. Female E(2) levels increased significantly in May and June, the primary period of ovarian development. Females with preovulatory follicles did not have significantly higher E(2) levels than females with medium- or small-sized follicles. When compared to other freshwater turtle species, peak levels of E(2) were low. Testosterone levels did not follow a distinct yearly pattern in females. Progesterone levels were elevated in June when peak nesting was observed. Ultrasound and hormone data indicate that females lack ovarian development in the fall and produce on average only one clutch per year.
Pancreas transplantation in crossmatch-positive recipients.

Abstract: Background: Prolonged cold preservation time can unfavorably affect outcome in pancreas transplantation. To reduce this ischemic time, cadaver pancreas grafts, in selected cases, are sometimes transplanted before crossmatch results are known. We report our experience with pancreas transplants in recipients with either current or historically positive T- or B-cell crossmatches. Methods: Crossmatch-positive pancreas transplants were identified using a computerized database. T-cell crossmatches were performed using an antihuman-globulin-augmented complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) test; B-cell crossmatches were performed using an extended incubation CDC test. All patients received anti-T-cell induction therapy and either cyclosporine (1987–1993) or tacrolimus-based (1994–2001) immunosuppression. More recent recipients (2000–2001) also received intravenous gamma globulin and postoperative plasmapheresis. Results: Between October 1, 1987 and March 31, 2001, of a total of 1076 pancreas transplants performed, 59 (5.48%) were crossmatch-positive. Of these, 8 had a current T-cell-positive crossmatch and 15 had a current B-cell-positive crossmatch. One recipient was both current B- and T-positive, and the rest were past B- and/or T-cell positive. One-year pancreas graft survival for current T- and B-cell crossmatch-positive transplants was 63% and 67%, respectively. T- or B-cell crossmatch-negative transplants had a 1-yr survival of 70%. In the T-cell crossmatch-positive group, four grafts are still functioning (follow-up range, 2–12 yr), one patient died with a functioning graft at 4 months, and four grafts failed (one each from pancreatitis, infection, primary nonfunction, and vascular thrombosis). No grafts were lost to rejection. In the B-cell crossmatch-positive group, six grafts are still functioning (follow-up range, 2–11 yr) and nine have failed (four from chronic rejection, three from vascular thromboses, and two from pancreatitis). Crossmatch-positive cases were significantly more likely to be retransplants (70.8%) than crossmatch-negative cases (14.8%, p < 0.0001). In a multivariate analysis, crossmatch positivity did not affect pancreas graft outcome, whereas retransplants had a significant impact on outcome (relative risk 1.84, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: ( i) Pancreas transplants performed in the setting of a positive current crossmatch may have long-term function. (ii) With current immunosuppressive protocols, graft loss from hyperacute and acute rejection may be prevented in current crossmatch-positive pancreas transplants. Chronic rejection was only seen in B-cell crossmatch-positive cases. (iii) High rates of technical graft loss in crossmatch-positive cases may reflect a high frequency of retransplants in this group.
For Want of a Technology Policy

The author discusses the impact that new high-temperature superconductors are likely to have on the electric utility industry and some of the practical problems that have to be overcome first. The first impact will be on the demand side. As small superconducting motors and other devices gradually come into use, their improved efficiency will tend to slow the growth rate of demand for electricity. The new materials also have potential application to power transmission, magnetic energy storage, and advanced energy systems, such as magnetohydrodynamics and magnetic confinement fusion. The many problems encountered with these materials are examined. Those being studied are all brittle, have poor structural properties, and carry current poorly, at least in the form of wires or bulk materials. Some brief comments on industry policy regarding research into these materials are offered. >
GATutor: a graphical tutorial system for genetic algorithms

In this paper we discuss the design and implementation of GATutor, a graphical tutorial system for genetic algorithms (GA). The X Window/Motif system provides powerful tools for the development of a user interfaces with a familiar feel and look. We implemented the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and the Set Covering Problem (SCP) as two example GA problems in the tutorial. The TSP problem uses an order-based chromosome representation (permutation of n objects), while the SCP uses bit strings. The user has numerous buttons to select the GA parameters. These include (a) type of initial population: random or from a file, (b) mode: steady-state or generational, (c) population size, (d) maximum number of generations or trials, (e) generation gap, (f) selection mode, (g) selection bias, (h) selection of the crossover operation from a choice of several possibilities, (i) mutation method, (j) mutation rate, (k) replacement method, (l), elitism, etc. The user has the ability to do astep by step execution or to do a continuous run. The screen layout provides visual representation of the chromosomes in the population with the ability to scroll. This gives the user the option of varying one or two GA parameters to visually see the effect on the algorithm. One of most important features of this tutorial is the set of help screens that explain, with examples, all of the options for each of the GA parameters. This package has already been very useful for teaching the fundamental features of GAs in many different courses, and it has been very valuable in our GA research projects.
Kinetics of liquid sintering

Abstract Densification by liquid phase sintering requires that several criteria be satisfied. These criteria include various particle characteristics and system thermodynamic attributes. In this paper a review is given of the state of classic liquid phase sintering theory and this theory is updated to include the effects of heating rate, solubility and initial homogeneity. As a consequence of experiments and modeling, the effects of several material and process variables are included in a qualitative update to guide future practice and research.
Spontaneous and induced mutation rates in di-, tetra-, and hexaploid oats (Avena spp.)

Strains of di-, tetra-, and hexaploid oats derived from untreated and EMS-treated seeds were used to estimate mutation rates for spontaneous and induced mutations at loci that affect quantitatively inherited traits. The oat strains were produced by using a dichotomous progeny scheme. The study was initiated with one plant from each of two cultivars for each ploidy level. From a first-generation plant, four seeds were chosen to produce second-generation plants. Two were sown without treatment, and the other two were treated with 0·04 M solution of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) for four hours. For the third and subsequent generations, two progenies were grown from each plant in the previous generation. Seeds in the treated line of descent were given EMS through generation 5. Both lines of descent were carried through six generations. The 125 strains (62 in the untreated line of descent, 62 in the treated line of descent, and one from the original plant) from one cultivar were sown in a field experiment and traits measured were grain yield, heading date, plant height, flag leaf length, number of spikelets per panicle, 100-seed weight, seed width, seed length, and protein percentage. A mutation was judged to have occurred when two criteria were met: (a) the observed value for a trait of a parent strain differed from comparable values in one or both of its progeny by an LSD unit and (b) the deviant value was inherited into later generations. Mutation rates were expressed as mutations per trait per 100 gametes. Genotypes differed with respect to the rates of occurrence of spontaneous and induced mutations. There was no obvious relationship between spontaneous and induced mutation rates that genotypes showed, but mutability was trait related. Traits most susceptible to mutation induction were grain yield, heading date, plant height, number of spikelets per panicle, and seed length. Spontaneous mutation rates for di-, tetra-, and hexaploid oats were 1·2, 0·5, and 0·3 mutations per trait per 100 gametes, respectively, whereas induced mutation rates were 1·2, 1·3, and 2·0 mutations per trait per 100 gemetes, respectively.
Tri-linear couplings in an heterotic minimal supersymmetric standard model

Abstract We calculate, at the classical level, the superpotential tri-linear couplings of the only known globally consistent heterotic minimal supersymmetric Standard Model [V. Bouchard, R. Donagi, An SU ( 5 ) heterotic standard model, Phys. Lett. B 633 (2006) 783–791, hep-th/0512149 ]. This recently constructed model is based on a compactification of the E 8 × E 8 heterotic string theory on a Calabi–Yau threefold with Z 2 fundamental group, coupled with a slope-stable holomorphic SU ( 5 ) vector bundle. In the observable sector the massless particle content is that of the three-family supersymmetric Standard Model with n = 0 , 1 , 2 massless Higgs pairs, depending on the location in the vector bundle moduli space, and no exotic particles. We obtain non-zero Yukawa couplings for the three up-sector quarks, and vanishing R-parity violating terms. In particular, the proton is stable. Another interesting feature is the existence of tri-linear couplings, on the loci with massless Higgs pairs, generating μ-mass parameters for the Higgs pairs and neutrino mass terms, with specific vector bundle moduli playing the role of right-handed neutrinos.
Pathological Left-Handedness: An Explanaory Model

Summary A model was discussed which attempts to account for the raised incidence of manifest left-handedness in brain-injured populations, particularly mentally retarded and epileptic (approximately 17 per cent). The model demonstrates, using hypothetical data, that the frequency of manifest left-handedness will increase because of the additive effects of natural right-handers, who, because of early left brain injury, become pathological left-handers. The model explains why the number of pathological left-handers will always be disproportionately higher than pathological right-handers, regardless of the probability of manual switch after unilateral brain injury. This probability value was estimated algebraically in order to account for the twofold increase in manifest left-handedness in epileptic groups. The model also generated a number of testable hypotheses, some of which were logically derived from the model. The hypotheses are assumed to have both theoretical and diagnostic utility and were empirically tested and supported in the present paper. Implications of the model were discussed as they related to the problem of left-handedness, and more generally, to the relationship between handedness and other clinical phenomena (e.g., dyslexia, cerebral speech dominance, etc.).
High-resolution MR imaging of the breast.

Abstract Investigation into the use of MRI as a breast imaging tool is ongoing. Several studies have shown that MRI is a very accurate imaging method for the identification of implant failure in the symptomatic patient with augmented breasts. In this clinical setting, MRI may be the study of choice. Imaging techniques, and the MRI appearance of normal and abnormal implants, are described. The use of MRI for the detection of breast cancer is not as straightforward. Preliminary results suggest that this technique can be used as an adjunct to mammography for the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. However, it is premature to draw firm conclusions regarding the role that MRI should play in the management of women with breast disease because of the wide variability of imaging techniques, protocols, and patient populations in the studies reported to date. In this overview, the current state of MR imaging of the breast is discussed. Technical requirements are described, and potential clinical applications—including the differentiation of benign from malignant lesions, breast cancer staging, detection of recurrence after breast conservation therapy, and detection of cancer in patients presenting with positive axillary lymph nodes with an unknown primary—are reviewed. Many of these potential clinical applications will require an accurate MR-guided biopsy system, and the implementation of such a system as well as its inherent limitations are discussed.
P‐14: a‐Si Robust Gate Driver for 7.0‐in. WVGA LCD Panel

We proposed an Hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film transistors (a-Si:H TFT) robust gate driver on glass substrate for the 7-inch WVGA TFT-LCD panel. By utilizing the specific design technique, the threshold voltage (Vth) shift of the a-Si TFT in the gate driver can be compensated. Under reliability simulations, the gate driver can operates correctly over 8 days in 80 °C, although the Vth increased to ten times of the initial value. The integrated a-Si TFT gate driver can effectively reduce the cost of TFT-LCD manufacturing in the future.
Distinct phenotypic presentations of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a new view of the natural history.

For decades the natural history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been approached as spectrum-continuum, emphasizing the potential progress over time of patients along the spectrum. This c
Controlling Knee Swing Initiation and Ankle Plantarflexion With an Active Prosthesis on Level and Inclined Surfaces at Variable Walking Speeds

Improving lower-limb prostheses is important to enhance the mobility of amputees. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an impedance-based control strategy (consisting of four novel algorithms) for an active knee and ankle prosthesis and test its generalizability across multiple walking speeds, walking surfaces, and users. The four algorithms increased ankle stiffness throughout stance, decreased knee stiffness during terminal stance, as well as provided powered ankle plantarflexion and knee swing initiation through modifications of equilibrium positions of the ankle and knee, respectively. Seven amputees (knee disarticulation and transfemoral levels) walked at slow, comfortable, and hurried speeds on level and inclined (10°) surfaces. The prosthesis was tuned at their comfortable level ground walking speed. We further quantified trends in prosthetic knee and ankle kinematics, and kinetics across conditions. Subjects modulated their walking speed by ±25% (average) from their comfortable speeds. As speed increased, increasing ankle angles and velocities as well as stance phase ankle power and plantarflexion torque were observed. At slow and comfortable speeds, plantarflexion torque was increased on the incline. At slow and comfortable speeds, stance phase positive knee power was increased and knee torque more flexor on the incline. As speed increased, knee torque became less flexor on the incline. These algorithms were shown to generalize well across speed, produce gait mechanics that compare favorably with non-amputee data, and display evidence of scalable device function. They have the potential to reduce the challenge of clinically configuring such devices and increase their viability during daily use.
Thermal properties of harmonic crystals: cell cluster method

Abstract Cell cluster frequency distribution functions are derived. The p th order distribution function is shown to generate the first p moments of the exact frequency distribution function. Cell cluster corrections to the Einstein heat capacity are calculated for the fcc lattice.
Perfectionism Differences in Gifted Middle School Students.

Perfectionism has been cited as a major characteristic associated with children and adolescents who have been identified as gifted and talented. This study explored grade level, birth order, and gender differences among 391 students in three gifted and talented programs. The students completed an adaptation of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. A2 × 3 × 3 between subject multivariate analysis revealed that females expressed more concern than males about organization, while males reported stronger parental expectations. First born adolescents reported higher parental criticism and expectations than youngest children. Females' concerns about making mistakes increases from grade 6 to grade 8 while the pattern for males fluctuated insignificantly. Patterns of parental criticism varied between males and females from grade 6 through grade 8.
Enzyme immunofiltration assay for measurement of antibodies to transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine: comparison with enzyme immunosorbence assay, serum neutralization, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody techniques.

There are 3 recognized coronaviruses of swine: transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), l,2 porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). The TGEV and PRCV cross-react serologically and are closely related. The PEDV is not serologically related to TGEV or PRCV. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus causes a highly contagious disease of swine characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. 1,2 High mortality occurs in pigs that are ≤ 10 days of age when exposed to TGEV. Pigs recovering from the disease may become chronic carriers of TGEV and a source of infection for susceptible animals. The carrier animal, especially older swine, are symptomless; therefore, breeding stock should be tested for TGEV antibodies before introduction into a susceptible herd. The serum neutralization (SN) test is the standard TGEV serologic test. The SN test is a useful and valid test but may lack sensitivity. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) are possibly more sensitive. 4-6 The purpose of this study was to compare a newer approach, the enzyme immunofiltration assay (ELIFA) to the other 3 tests. The ELIFA is a more rapid assay and could decrease the time required for TGEV serology. A total of 229 samples were taken from swine sera submitted to the diagnostic laboratory of the Department of Veterinary Diagnosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas. The sera were inactivated at 56 C for 30 minutes prior to being used in the different tests. The swine testicle (ST) cell line was obtained from the National Veterinary Service Laboratory (NVSL) at Ames, Iowa. These cells were used to produce viral antigen needed in the different tests. Cell cultures were maintained in minimum essential medium (MEM) with 5% irridated fetal calf serum, 5% iron-supplemented calf serum, 0.5% lactalbumin hydrolysate, and 5 μg gentamycin per ml. The Purdue strain of TGEV was obtained from NVSL and propagated in ST cells. The stock virus was treated with trypsin at a final concentration of 5 μg/ml at for 30 minutes before inoculation onto confluent monolayers of ST cells (in 75-cm flask) at a multiplicity of infection of 10 tissue culture infective doses 50% (TCID50) per cell. After adsorption at 37 C for 1 hour, the inoculum was removed, and MEM was added, supplemented with 5 μg trypsin per ml. The infected cultures were incubated at 37 C for 24 hours. When the cytopathic effect was approximately 95%, the virus was harvested and cultures were frozen.
A theoretical examination of the plastic properties of bcc crystals deforming by 〈111〉 pencil glide

Yielding under an arbitrary stress state and constrained deformation by polyslip were examined for bcc crystals deforming by 〈111〉 pencil glide,i.e., slip with equal ease on any plane containing a 〈111〉 slip direction. The pencil-glide equivalent of the generalized Schmid’s law was derived. The yield expression for the initiation of slip in each 〈111〉 direction is a coupled quadratic function of all six stress components, and all four expressions reduce to the von Mises yield criterion when only principal stresses are applied along the cubic axes. In order to accommodate an arbitrary imposed shape change by pencil glide, polyslip stress states were examined which simultaneously operate four or three 〈111〉 slip directions. A maximum-work procedure is proposed to choose that particular polyslip stress state required to enforce a given shape change.
Transforming Positions and Velocities between the International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2000 and North American Datum of 1983

In December 2001, Natural Resources Canada and the U.S. National Geodetic Survey ~NGS! jointly adopted values for a set of 14 parameters for transforming positional coordinates and velocities between the International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2000 ~ITRF00! and the North American Datum of 1983 ~NAD 83!. Seven of these parameters characterize the variation with respect to time of the standard seven parameters ~three shifts, three rotations, and a differential scale !. In March 2002, the NGS updated the NAD 83 positional coordinates for all continuously operating reference stations to be consistent with their corresponding ITRF00 coordinates at an epoch date of 2002.00. Also, the NGS has incorporated these adopted values for the 14 transformation parameters into software packages, such as HTDP ~horizontal time dependent positioning! for transforming positional coordinates across time and between reference frames, and OPUS ~On-line Positioning User Service! for processing global positioning system data. Both HTDP and OPUS are available through the NGS Tool Kit ~http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/!.
Saying it like it isn't: The pros and cons of 360-degree feedback

Abstract In corporate America, the use of 360-degree feedback continues to rise. Is this tool, though, all it purports to be? Used with caution, the feedback process can provide meaningful information for both the organization and the individuals involved. Misuse of the process, however, can lead to hurt feelings, increased anxiety, and even loss of key personnel. This small case study showcases key research findings on best practices for using the 360-design feedback process, especially regarding intended use of feedback, aligning performance measures with organizational goals, and selecting and training participants.
Increased concentrations of dissolved trace metals and organic carbon during snowmelt in rivers of the Alaskan Arctic

Arctic rivers typically transport more than half of their annual amounts of water and suspended sediments during spring floods. In this study, the Sagavanirktok, Kuparuk and Colville rivers in the Alaskan Arctic were sampled during the spring floods of 2001 to determine levels of total suspended solids (TSS) and dissolved and particulate metals and organic carbon. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased from 167 to 742 μmol/L during peak discharge in the Sagavanirktok River, at about the same time that river flow increased to maximum levels. Concentrations of dissolved Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe in the Sagavanirktok River followed trends observed for DOC with 3- to 25-fold higher levels at peak flow than during off-peak discharge. Similar patterns were found for the Kuparuk and Colville rivers, where average concentrations of dissolved trace metals and DOC were even higher. These observations are linked to a large pulse of DOC and dissolved metals incorporated into snowmelt from thawing ponds and upper soil layers. In contrast with Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn, concentrations of dissolved Ba did not increase in response to increased discharge of water, TSS and DOC. Concentrations of particulate Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn were more uniform than observed for their respective dissolved species and correlated well with the Al content of the suspended particles. However, concentrations of particulate Al were poorly correlated with particulate organic carbon. Results from this study show that >80% of the suspended sediment and more than one-third of the annual inputs of dissolved Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and DOC were carried to the coastal Beaufort Sea in 3 and 12 d, respectively, by the Kuparuk and Sagavanirktok rivers.
CIITA is silenced by epigenetic mechanisms that prevent the recruitment of transactivating factors in rhabdomyosarcoma cells

Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are highly malignant pediatric sarcomas. We have discovered that the gene encoding the major histocompatibilty complex class II transactivator, CIITA, is silenced in cells representing both major subtypes of RMS. Silencing of CIITA prevents the IFN-γ inducible expression of MHC class II genes in these cells. Overexpression of CIITA in these cells can restore MHC expression. We have found that IFN-γ signaling is intact in these cells, but pSTAT1 and IRF1 do not bind to the CIITA PIV promoter. The CIITA promoter is not hypermethylated in RD (ERMS) cells but does show a modestly enhanced methylation status in SJRH30 (ARMS) cells. We have found that histone acetylation, which normally increases on the CIITA PIV promoter following IFN-γ treatment, is blocked in both types of RMS cells. In RD cells, treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (TSA) reverses the silencing of CIITA. In SJRH30 cells, treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and TSA cooperatively restores CIITA expression. Surprisingly, we have also shown that the expression of two components of the immunoproteasome, which are embedded in the class II locus, is stimulated by IFN-γ in certain RMS cells in the absence of stimulation by CIITA. CIITA overexpression can also activate the expression of these genes, indicating that the immunoproteasome genes LMP2 and LMP7 can be activated by both CIITA dependent and CIITA independent pathways.
Adaptations of crop-raiding baboons in Kenya

A field study of baboon behavior as it relates to crop-raiding was conducted on the Kenya Coast. The results proved useful for quantifying the distribution, movement, and other factors of their behavior. Such variables as troop organization, crop season, and the behavior of the farmers influence raiding behavior. Apparently diversionary activities of crop-raiding baboons result from troop distribution along habitat margins between farms and forest and from baboon vigilance behavior.
Patterns of Error and Neglect in Security Analyst Forecasts

It is well documented that firms that are neglected by analysts and large institutions provide superior investment performance. This paper studies whether that effect is caused by an upward bias in analyst earnings forecasts. The idea is that the more popular firms are the ones with the greatest earnings estimation bias. It was found that after controlling for earnings estimation bias the neglect effect was considerably weakened. However, it was also found that there was no relation between analyst following and earnings estimation bias.
Anomalous charge collection from silicon-on-insulator structures

An increased single event upset cross-section was found in some silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices in recent experiments. In order to investigate this unexpected increase we performed both broad beam and microbeam experiments on thermal oxide capacitors. Charge collection was measured using ion beam induced charge collection (IBICC) and time resolved IBICC under different biasing conditions. Lateral charge collection profiles were recorded across the top electrode. We found that the collected charge strongly depends on the applied bias and the oxide thickness. Lateral non-uniformity was observed for low bias conditions. In this paper we will give a qualitative explanation for the charge collection mechanism in SOI devices.
Trace element analysis of ureilites: New constraints on their petrogenesis

Abstract Six ureilites (ALHA77257, ALHA81101, ALH82130, PCA82506, Kenna, and Novo Urei) were analyzed using neutron activation analysis for Ca, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, REE, W, Re, Os, Ir, and Au. We examined bulk samples as well as acid-treated samples. In the bulk samples the refractory siderophiles' concentrations range from approximately 0.1 to 1.0 times CI chondrites while the volatile siderophiles range from about 0.07 to 0.3 times CI chondrites. Rare earth elements (REEs) in ureilites are quite depleted and display light and heavy rare earth enrichments. The Antarctic meteorites display either much less pronounced v-shaped patterns or no enrichment in the light rare earths at all. In terms of the new trace-element results, ureilites do not fall into the coherent groups that other workers have defined by chemical or petrographic characteristics. Trace elements do provide additional constraints on the models for the petrogenesis of ureilites. In particular, the siderophile element abundances call for simplified models of chemical processing rather than the complex, multistage processing called for in silicate fractionation models. REE concentrations, on the other hand, imply multistage processing to produce the ureilites. None of the ureilite petrogenesis models extant account for the trace element data. These new data and the considerations of them with respect to the proposed ureilite petrogenesis models indicate that the direction of modelling should be toward contemplation of mixtures and how the components we observe in ureilites behave under such conditions.
A Priori Analysis of Subgrid-Scale Models for Large Eddy Simulations of Supercritical Binary-Species Mixing Layers

Models for large eddy simulation (LES) are assessed on a database obtained from direct numerical simulations (DNS) of supercritical binary-species temporal mixing layers. The analysis is performed at the DNS transitional states for heptane/nitrogen, oxygen/hydrogen and oxygen/helium mixing layers. The incorporation of simplifying assumptions that are validated on the DNS database leads to a set of LES equations that requires only models for the subgrid scale (SGS) fluxes, which arise from filtering the convective terms in the DNS equations. Constant-coefficient versions of three different models for the SGS fluxes are assessed and calibrated. The Smagorinsky SGS-flux model shows poor correlations with the SGS fluxes, while the Gradient and Similarity models have high correlations, as well as good quantitative agreement with the SGS fluxes when the calibrated coefficients are used.
Abstract 4699A: Hedgehog signaling (HH/Gli) transcriptionally regulates hTERT gene expression in human cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Tightly coordinated Hedgehog (HH) signaling is critical during normal embryonic development. Aberrant HH signaling is involved in driving cell proliferation in multiple human cancers. Classical HH signaling involves the interaction of the soluble HH ligands with their receptor, Patched (Ptch), thereby releasing a transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) from Ptch-mediated inhibition. Smo then activates the Gli family of transcription factors that regulate HH target genes. We have previously reported that HH signaling provides essential survival support to human colon cancer cells and inhibition of this signal induces DNA damage and extensive cell death. However the downstream targets that govern the regulation of cell survival by HH/Gli in cancer cells are not completely defined. This study demonstrates that the Gli proteins transcriptionally regulate the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene in human cancer cells. hTERT is a known regulator of telomere homeostasis, which determines the replicative potential and hence the life span of cells. Suppression of both Gli1 and Gli2 functions by exogenous expression of a C-terminus truncated Gli3 repressor mutant (Gli3R), or by GANT61, a pharmacological inhibitor of Gli1 and Gli2 activity, reduced hTERT protein expression over a period of 72 hr in human colon, prostate and brain cancer cell lines. Further, exogenously expressed Gli2 significantly increased hTERT protein expression in human colon cancer cell lines. Exposure to GANT61 also inhibited hTERT mRNA expression within 24 hr in human colon cancer cell lines. Insilico analysis of the hTERT promoter revealed 7 putative Gli binding sites suggesting a transcriptional mode of regulation of hTERT expression by Gli2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation with Gli2 antibody precipitated fragments of the hTERT promoter in human colon cancer cell lines, indicating a direct interaction between Gli2 and the hTERT promoter. The binding between Gli2 and hTERT promoter was significantly reduced upon exposure to GANT61. Further, overexpression of the wild type hTERT cDNA in cancer cells prevented the cytotoxic effects of blocking the HH signaling pathway with GANT61. These findings demonstrate hTERT to be a direct transcriptional target and a critical mediator of the HH/Gli signaling pathway, and identify a previously unknown role of the HH/Gli axis in regulating the replication potential of cancer cells. These findings are of significance in understanding important regulatory mechanisms that determine the role of HH/Gli signaling in cancer cell survival. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4699A. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4699A