cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An intercultural assessment of the type, intensity and number of crisis precipitating factors in three cultures: United States, Brazil and Taiwan

The precipitating factors of crisis have cultural interpretations that make diagnostic criteria and intervention methods ethnologically different. The crisis precipitating factors of individuals seeking intervention in the Republic of China (Taiwan), Brazil and the United States (U.S.) were investigated toward the end of isolating correlates and discrepancies of ethnic-related precipitants of crisis. The primary objective of the study was to influence crisis intervention in the profession of nursing from the almost universally utilized Western Model, to one that takes cultural uniqueness into account. Stressors and stressor intensities which lead to help-seeking behavior of clients in selected crisis intervention facilities in the three countries were identified. A 60 question instrument ranked client responses according to Axis 4 of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-III of the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1980; 1986). Each item also reflected one of four Human Response Patterns of the North American Nursing Diagnostic Association (NANDA) taxonomy, which was utilized as a clustering device in data analysis. Somatization versus psychologization of crisis precipitating factors was also measured through the NANDA categories. A convenience sample of 30 subjects were queried in each country by nurse interviewers. Data analysis through ANOVA showed cultural uniqueness and mutuality.
Right ventricular dilatation on bedside echocardiography performed by emergency physicians aids in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.

Study objective The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of right ventricular dilatation identified by emergency physicians on bedside echocardiography in patients with a suspected or confirmed pulmonary embolism. The secondary objective included an exploratory analysis of the predictive value of a subgroup of findings associated with advanced right ventricular dysfunction (right ventricular hypokinesis, paradoxical septal motion, McConnell's sign). Methods This was a prospective observational study using a convenience sample of patients with suspected (moderate to high pretest probability) or confirmed pulmonary embolism. Participants had bedside echocardiography evaluating for right ventricular dilatation (defined as right ventricular to left ventricular ratio greater than 1:1) and right ventricular dysfunction (right ventricular hypokinesis, paradoxical septal motion, or McConnell's sign). The patient's medical records were reviewed for the final reading on all imaging, disposition, hospital length of stay, 30-day inhospital mortality, and discharge diagnosis. Results Thirty of 146 patients had a pulmonary embolism. Right ventricular dilatation on echocardiography had a sensitivity of 50% (95% confidence interval [CI] 32% to 68%), a specificity of 98% (95% CI 95% to 100%), a positive predictive value of 88% (95% CI 66% to 100%), and a negative predictive value of 88% (95% CI 83% to 94%). Positive and negative likelihood ratios were determined to be 29 (95% CI 6.1% to 64%) and 0.51 (95% CI 0.4% to 0.7%), respectively. Ten of 11 patients with right ventricular hypokinesis had a pulmonary embolism. All 6 patients with McConnell's sign and all 8 patients with paradoxical septal motion had a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. There was a 96% observed agreement between coinvestigators and principal investigator interpretation of images obtained and recorded. Conclusion Right ventricular dilatation and right ventricular dysfunction identified on emergency physician performed echocardiography were found to be highly specific for pulmonary embolism but had poor sensitivity. Bedside echocardiography is a useful tool that can be incorporated into the algorithm of patients with a moderate to high pretest probability of pulmonary embolism.
Mind-blanking: when the mind goes away

People often feel like their minds and their bodies are in different places. Far from an exotic experience, this phenomenon seems to be ubiquitous facet of human life (e.g., Killingsworth & Gilbert, 2010). Many times, people’s minds seem to go “somewhere else”—attention becomes disconnected from perception, and people’s minds wander to times and places removed from the current environment (e.g., Schooler, Reichle & Halpern, 2004). At other times, however, people’s minds may seem to go nowhere at all—they simply disappear. This mental state—mind-blanking—may represent an extreme decoupling of perception and attention, one in which attention fails to bring any stimuli into conscious awareness. In the present research, we outline the properties of mind-blanking, differentiating this mental state from other mental states in terms of phenomenological experience, behavioral outcomes, and underlying cognitive processes. Seven experiments suggest that when the mind seems to disappear, there are times when we have simply failed to monitor its whereabouts—and there are times when it is actually gone.
Pitman Nearness Comparison of the Traditional Estimator of the Coefficient of Determination and Its Adjusted Version in Linear Regression Models

Abstract In this article we present formulae for the determination of Pitman Nearness in comparing the coefficient of determination with its adjusted version in regression models for a given sample size. We generalize this finding to compare R2 with a nonnegative parts version of the adjusted R2. We compare our small, medium, and large sample results with the asymptotic results of Kumar and Srivastava (2004).
Toward a Theory of International Norms Some Conceptual and Measurement Issues

This article looks conceptually and empirically at how international norms influence state behavior. Using the decolonization norm as an example, guidelines are developed for the conceptualization, measurement, and testing of international norms and their effects on state behavior. In particular, the role of norms vis-a-vis self-interest and power politics concerns are discussed.
TLR-4 Regulates CD8+ T Cell Trapping in the Liver

Mammalian TLRs are understood primarily as an activating system for innate and adaptive immunity, but have also been implicated in sensing cellular damage and in promoting intestinal integrity. In this study we show that TLR-4 also controls the in vivo distribution of activated CD8+ T cells. The liver is a site for trapping and apoptosis of activated CD8+ T cells during systemic immune responses, but the reason for this is unknown. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the liver's constant exposure to endotoxin, derived from commensal bacteria in the gut, acts via TLR-4 to promote activated T cell adhesion. In the absence of TLR-4, the liver was compromised in its ability to sequester activated CD8+ T cells, and there was an inverse correlation between the frequency of activated CD8+ T cells trapped in the liver and their frequency in the circulating pool. Thus, in the absence of any inflammation, TLR-4 ligands play a significant role in the ability of the liver to trap activated CD8+ T cells. This provides a new perspective on the regulation of immune responses by TLR-4 under basal conditions.
The bottom quartile for health indices in America vs Europe.

Summary The inequities in health outcomes in different parts of the developed world merit further analysis. An index comprising mortality and morbidity factors was composed for American states and European nations. Multiple factors and bottom quartile status were analyzed by regression methodology. The 51 American states (and District of Columbia) showed a “Health Index” value based on life expectancy at birth and morbidity determined by rates of cardiac disease and cancer that ranged from 63 (Mississippi and West Virginia) to 94 (Utah). The 48 of 51 European states with assessable data showed a Health Index based on life expectancy at birth and quality adjusted life years that ranged from 53 (Russia) to 98 (San Marino). American states with the lowest quartile values were clustered in the American South and Appalachian areas. European states ranking in the bottom quartile were typically from Eastern Europe and showed a history of a Communism and recognized governmental corruption. Because American poor health rankings are the result of controllable factors (smoking, adult onset diabetes, obesity), Americans can improve their bottom quartile status more readily than Europeans whose ranking status is a function of history (Communism, civil conflicts) and poverty (Southeastern and Eastern nations).
Stimulating creative design alternatives using customer values

This paper presents and illustrates an approach and procedures to stimulate the creation of design alternatives. The purpose is to generate many very good alternatives for a specific new product. Subsequently, a comparative evaluation of these alternatives and honing the designs of the most promising ones can proceed. To create potential alternatives with high customer appeal, the approach first elicits and organizes customer values to comprehensively define customer appeal. Several procedures are then defined and illustrated that use these customer values to stimulate the creation of alternative new product designs and design features. Applications concerning one tangible product, cellular telephones, and one intangible product, cellular telephone plans, illustrate the approach.
Relationships Among Employees’ Working Conditions, Mental Health, and Intention to Leave in Nursing Homes

Employee turnover is a large and expensive problem in the long-term care environment. Stated intention to leave is a reliable indicator of likely turnover, but actual predictors, especially for nursing assistants, have been incompletely investigated. This quantitative study identifies the relationships among employees’ working conditions, mental health, and intention to leave. Self-administered questionnaires were collected with 1,589 employees in 18 for-profit nursing homes. A working condition index for the number of beneficial job features was constructed. Poisson regression modeling found that employees who reported four positive features were 77% less likely to state strong intention to leave (PR = 0.23, p < .001). The strength of relationship between working conditions and intention to leave was slightly mediated by employee mental health. Effective workplace intervention programs must address work organization features to reduce employee intention to leave. Healthy workplaces should build better in...
Modelling In Cardiac Electrophysiology: Basic Mechanisms And Clinical Applications

As a basis for the discussion of theoretical modelling in electrocardiology and its potential clinical usefulness, models can be classified as "Basic" and 'biagnostic". In the first category, models are developed to simulate basic processes and to elucidate basic mechanisms. Such models can be used to characterize the system and its response to various perturbations thus suggesting diagnostic procedures. The effects of various drugs can be simulated, as well as the effects of non-pharmacological therapeautic interventions. Examples will be given using a computer model of cardiac arrhythmias due to reentry. In the second category, models can be used to provide guidelines and to help in the interpretation of diagnostic information contained in an existing modality (e.g. EKG). Another application is the development of new diagnostic techniques. These applications will be illustrated using forward and inverse models of the electrocardiographic problem.
Immunology and embryogenesis: the chromosomal editing hypothesis.

Time lapse movies of migrating T-cells remind us very much of nerve growth cones. Both sense the environment with ameboid-like processes as they seek their respective targets. The genetic, molecular and cellular basis for the production of the specificity on B-cells and T-cells is understood to an extraordinary degree at this point in history. On the other hand, the specificity found on cells in the developing nervous system is only understood at the level of descriptive biology.
Evaluation of the Functional Movement Screen as an Injury Prediction Tool Among Active Adult Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

CONTEXT: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is an assessment tool for quality of human movement. Research reports a significant difference between FMS scores of subjects who later experienced injury and those who remain uninjured. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review literature related to predictive validity of the FMS. From the aggregated data, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prognostic accuracy of the FMS. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Ebscohost, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Review databases were searched between 1998 and February 20, 2014. STUDY SELECTION: Identified studies were reviewed in full detail to validate inclusion criteria. Seven of the 11 identified studies were included. Articles were reviewed for inclusion criteria, then bias assessment and critical analysis were conducted. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. DATA EXTRACTION: Extracted data included the following: study type, methodology, study subjects, number of subjects, injury classification definition, FMS cut score, sensitivity, specificity, odds ratios, likelihood ratios (LR), predictive values, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, and area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: Overall bias for the included 7 studies was low with respect to patient selection. Quality assessment scored 1 study 5 of a possible 7, 2 studies were scored 3 of 7, and 4 studies were scored 2 of 7. The meta-analysis indicated the FMS was more specific (85.7%) than sensitive (24.7%), with a positive predictive value of 42.8% and a negative predictive value of 72.5%. The area under the curve was 0.587 (LR+, 1.7; LR-, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.6-6.1) and the effect size was 0.68. CONCLUSION: Based on analysis of the current literature, findings do not support the predictive validity of the FMS. Methodological and statistical limitations identified threaten the ability of the research to determine the predictive validity of FMS. Language: en
Attenuation Effect of Spinal Manipulation on Neuropathic and Postoperative Pain Through Activating Endogenous Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 10 in Rat Spinal Cord

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate roles of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 10 and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 β and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α ) in spinal manipulation–induced analgesic effects of neuropathic and postoperative pain. Methods Neuropathic and postoperative pain were mimicked by chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) (CCD) and decompression (de-CCD) in adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats. Behavioral pain after CCD and de-CCD was determined by the increased thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity of the affected hindpaw. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiological recordings, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to examine the neural inflammation, neural excitability, and expression of c-Fos and PKC as well as levels of IL-1 β , TNF- α , and IL-10 in blood plasma, DRG, or the spinal cord. We used the activator adjusting instrument, a chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy tool, to deliver force to the spinous processes of L 5 and L 6 . Results After CCD and de-CCD treatments, the animals exhibited behavioral and neurochemical signs of neuropathic pain manifested as mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, DRG inflammation, DRG neuron hyperexcitability, induction of c-Fos, and the increased expression of PKC γ in the spinal cord as well as increased level of IL-1 β and TNF- α in DRG and the spinal cord. Repetitive Activator-assisted spinal manipulative therapy significantly reduced simulated neuropathic and postoperative pain, inhibited or reversed the neurochemical alterations, and increased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 in the spinal cord. Conclusion These findings show that spinal manipulation may activate the endogenous anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the spinal cord and thus has the potential to alleviate neuropathic and postoperative pain.
A promising approach for modeling biological fibers

The final-to-initial stiffness ratio is very large (>100) for many biological fibers, and as such, these materials have been modeled as being strain limiting. We propose an unconventional structure for a stored energy function that leads to a constitutive relation capable of describing this observed strain-limiting behavior. The model can attain infinite stress at a finite strain while storing a finite amount of internal energy. Many biological fibers have a mechanical response that starts out as being compliant and nonlinear, and transitions into one that is stiff and linear. We present a biological fiber model comprised of a strain-limiting fiber (strain being attributed to molecular reconfiguration) loaded in conjunction with a Hookean fiber (strain being attributed to molecular stretch). The model’s parameters are physical, intuitive and readily extracted from a stress/strain curve. Chordae tendineae data are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the model.
Barbershop Prostate Cancer Education: Factors Associated With Client Knowledge

The purpose of this paper is to identify characteristics of Black barbershop clients and barbers in an urban Midwestern city participating in a health promotion program called Affecting Cancer Together (ACT) that are associated with client knowledge about prostate cancer. Statistical analyses examined client and barber characteristics for their potential association with client prostate cancer knowledge, while controlling for ACT variables. Study findings suggested clients who are married (β = 0.99; CI [0.38, 1.59]; p < .01) and have higher levels of education (β = 0.34; CI [0.01, 0.67]; p = .04) may be more likely to know more about prostate cancer. Barbers with at least "some college" education may be more effective in increasing client knowledge (β = 0.85; CI [0.05, 1.64]; p = .04). Trained peer-helper programs may consider prioritizing limited educational resources for barbers with at least some college education and incorporating the social support of spouses for making informed decisions. Considering the potential of barbershop programs to reach Black men about a serious racially disproportionate health issue, ameliorating adoption, implementation, effectiveness, and sustainment are an important public health priority for underserved populations.
Targeting tumor glycolysis in pancreatic cancer - volumetric and functional tumor response assessment in an orthotopic mouse tumor model

Targeting tumor glycolysis in pancreatic cancer – volumetric and functional tumor response assessment in an orthotopic mouse tumor model J. Chapiro, R. Duran, J. Reyes, L.J. Savic, S.T. Chettiar, D. Bedja, S. Ota, J.F. Geschwind; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Section of Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD; Department of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.
Current State for Clinical Use of Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma

In the management of common orthopaedic pathology involving tendons, ligaments, bone, and articular cartilage, the application of small molecules and biologic compounds has expanded greatly in the past decade. In particular, the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and stem cells has gained significant attention for potential therapeutic augmentation of healing, modulation of inflammatory cascades, and pain modulation. Despite the increase in clinical application and interest, there has been a paucity of high level of evidence studies supporting the use of these biologic agents. This article examines the current state for the clinical use of stem cells and PRP, with review of the most recent clinical studies involving the treatment of tendon, ligament, bone, and cartilage injury. Current evidence regarding safety profile, therapeutic effect, and validated outcome scores are reported. Though plagued by inconsistency in experimental testing and low numbers of large, multicenter randomized controlled trials, the use of stem cells and PRP appears to have a positive clinical effect with minimal systemic side effects or complications. Further study is needed to elucidate the specific therapeutic indications, dosing regimen, and efficacy of treatment in short and long follow-ups is needed to document the role and effectiveness of these treatments in clinical practice.
Comparative Study Of Position Control with 2-Way and 3-Way on/off Electrohydraulic Valves

A comparative study of system-level performance is given for on/off valve control of a hydraulic cylinder. A dynamic model was created and simulated to develop and evaluate innovative control strategies specific to the use of on/off valves. Cylinder position control was investigated using a configuration consisting of two 3-way on/off valves and a configuration with four 2-way on/off valves. Controllers were developed to minimize the influence of on/off valve performance on the cylinder position responses. All controllers and valve configurations were experimentally tested and compared with the simulation results. A sensitivity analysis was performed by varying the supply pressure and external load applied to the cylinder. It was determined that successful performance to sine wave and step inputs can be achieved with the control theories presented and that the four 2-way on/off valve configuration provides superior position performance.
Feature mislocalizations and misjudgments of intercharacter distance.

Three experiments were conducted to gather evidence for Wolford's (1975) feature perturbation model and claims derived from it. The first experiment found that perturbation or mislocalization of features toward the foveal center predominated when a distinctive standard for localization was presented and short-term memory factors were minimized. The second experiment found that foveal mislocalizations do seem to cause two figures in the visual field to be reported as closer to one another than they actually are presented. The final experiment provided no support for the notion that interference between figures in the visual field is caused by foveal mislocalizations making features from the figures appear to be at the same location. A distinction between mislocalizations of figures due to feature perturbations and errors due to figures which were correctly localized but not reported in the instructed order was possible in the last two experiments.
Thy Will Be Done? Religious Nationalism and Its Effects in East Central Europe

Levels of both religiosity and of religious influence on public policy vary enormously across the countries of post-communist East Central Europe. This variation poses a challenge to existing expla...
SECM half-inch tethered endoscopic capsule (HITEC) for esophageal imaging (Conference Presentation)

Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a high-speed confocal endomicroscopy technology that can image extremely large regions of human tissue at cellular resolution within a short imaging time. Previously, we have developed a 7-mm-diameter SECM endoscopic capsule and successfully demonstrated imaging of human esophagus in vivo. Even though we were able to successfully capture images with the previous capsule, it suffered from two limitations: (1) the capsule had a small diameter, which provided a limited contact between SECM capsule and esophagus; and (2) speckle noise in SECM images made it challenging to appreciate cellular features. In this paper, we present a new SECM capsule, termed SECM half-inch tethered endoscopic capsule (HITEC), which addresses the two aforementioned technical challenges. With the SECM HITEC, a dual-clad fiber was used to reduce the speckle noise. Miniature GRIN optics was used to increase the NA of the fiber from 0.09 to 0.25, which made it possible to build a SECM capsule with large diameter (12.7 mm) while maintaining a short rigid length (22 mm). A water-immersion objective lens was custom designed and manufactured to provide high NA of 0.7. We have manufactured the SECM HITEC catheter and tested its optical and mechanical performance. Lateral and axial resolution was measured as 1.2 µm and 13 µm, respectively. We have imaged swine esophageal tissues ex vivo, and SECM images clearly visualized cell nuclei. Non-uniform rotational distortion (NURD) was small, less than 5%. Preliminary results suggest that SECM HITEC provides sufficient optical and mechanical performance for tissue imaging. In a future clinical study, we will test the feasibility of utilizing SECM HITEC for improved cellular imaging human of the human esophagus in vivo.
SELECTIVE ENRICHMENT AND GROWTH OF Ti COMPONENT IN TITANIFERROUS SLAG

The effects of modified-treatment on the selective enrichment of Ti component in titaniferrous slag and on the precipitate behavior of rutile phase were studied. The experimental results show that the addition of CaO and P2O5 under proper heat-treatment condition is not only in favor of the selective enrichment of Ti component, but also of the precipitation, growth and coarsening of the rutile phase
Distinctive Reactivities at Biotite Edge and Basal Planes in the Presence of Organic Ligands: Implications for Organic-Rich Geologic CO2 Sequestration.

To better understand how scCO2-saturated brine–mineral interactions can affect safe and efficient geologic CO2 sequestration (GCS), we studied the effects of organic ligands (acetate and oxalate) on biotite dissolution and surface morphological changes. The experimental conditions were chosen to be relevant to GCS sites (95 °C and 102 atm CO2). Quantitative analyses of dissolution differences between biotite edge and basal planes were made. Acetate slightly inhibited biotite dissolution and promoted secondary precipitation. The effect of acetate was mainly pH-induced aqueous acetate speciation and the subsequent surface adsorption. Under the experimental conditions, most of acetate exists as acetic acid and adsorbs to biotite surface Si and Al sites, thereby reducing their release. However, oxalate strongly enhanced biotite dissolution and induced faster and more significant surface morphology changes by forming bidentate mononuclear surface complexes. For the first time, we show that oxalate selectively ...
Experimental measurement of microwave ablation heating pattern and comparison to computer simulations

AbstractIntroduction: For computational models of microwave ablation (MWA), knowledge of the antenna design is necessary, but the proprietary design of clinical applicators is often unknown. We characterised the specific absorption rate (SAR) during MWA experimentally and compared to a multi-physics simulation.Methods: An infrared (IR) camera was used to measure SAR during MWA within a split ex vivo liver model. Perseon Medical’s short-tip (ST) or long-tip (LT) MWA antenna were placed on top of a tissue sample (n = 6), and microwave power (15 W) was applied for 6 min, while intermittently interrupting power. Tissue surface temperature was recorded via IR camera (3.3 fps, 320 × 240 resolution). SAR was calculated intermittently based on temperature slope before and after power interruption. Temperature and SAR data were compared to simulation results.Results: Experimentally measured SAR changed considerably once tissue temperatures exceeded 100 °C, contrary to simulation results. The ablation zone diameter...
Dilution and Craft Tradition: Bridgeport, Connecticut, Munitions Workers, 1915-1919

Relations between workers and managers underwent a profound transformation in the early years of the twentieth century. Employers began a systematic attempt to control production and rationalize shop floor processes through technological innovation, subdivision of tasks, and the scientific management (or Taylorism) movement. A concern for a tractable labor force compelled the development of the profession of personnel management and “corporate welfare” work on the part of employers. The all-round skilled craftsman, trained by a union apprenticeship and able to work in any area of the trade without management instruction and supervision, was replaced by the semiskilled machine operative trained by the company to work on a few tasks using modified and specialized machinery. On the other side, craftsmen accustomed to autonomy in their work and governed by a collective ethic felt their organized power threatened by this management offensive that debased skill, imposed new forms of discipline, and promoted individualism and competition. Craftsmen challenged management's encroachment upon the shop floor through militant union action, but in doing so they were forced, by the “dilution” of their trade (the British term for the destruction of skilled jobs), to rethink their traditional reliance on exclusive craft knowledge. The key to any new strategy was the ability of craftsmen to transcend old craft lines, join with the less skilled workers whose jobs were created by management reorganization, and formulate new demands. The World War I years and the production crisis produced by the war saw the permanent institutionalization of the “new factory system” in the United States and elsewhere. The metal trades were the industrial sector most affected by management reorganization, and during the war years this sector was the most strike-prone (Nelson, 1975; Taylor, 1967; Braverman, 1974; Montgomery, 1974, 1976; Nadworny, 1955; Hinton, 1973; Bing, 1921).
Legal and Ethical Challenges, Part 1 : General Population

Several federal and state laws and regulations, as well as ethical medical principles, govern the emergency clinician's practice of care. Although some common legal-medical and ethical principles are shared with other medical specialties, emergency medicine and emergency psychiatry have unique legal and ethical challenges. This article presents and discusses these challenges, including the physician-patient relationship, malpractice, confidentiality and privilege, duty to report, decision-making capacity and vicarious decision-making, the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act, right to treatment, hospital admissions, involuntary commitment, forced medication administration, and child and elder abuse.
KSHV encoded ORF59 modulates histone arginine methylation of the viral genome to promote viral reactivation.

Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) persists in a highly-ordered chromatin structure inside latently infected cells with the majority of the viral genome having repressive marks. However, upon reactivation the viral chromatin landscape changes into ‘open’ chromatin through the involvement of lysine demethylases and methyltransferases. Besides methylation of lysine residues of histone H3, arginine methylation of histone H4 plays an important role in controlling the compactness of the chromatin. Symmetric methylation of histone H4 at arginine 3 (H4R3me2s) negatively affects the methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3), an active epigenetic mark deposited on the viral chromatin during reactivation. We identified a novel binding partner to KSHV viral DNA processivity factor, ORF59-a protein arginine methyl transferase 5 (PRMT5). PRMT5 is an arginine methyltransferase that dimethylates arginine 3 (R3) of histone H4 in a symmetric manner, one hallmark of condensed chromatin. Our ChIP-seq data of symmetrically methylated H4 arginine 3 showed a significant decrease in H4R3me2s on the viral genome of reactivated cells as compared to the latent cells. Reduction in arginine methylation correlated with the binding of ORF59 on the viral chromatin and disruption of PRMT5 from its adapter protein, COPR5 (cooperator of PRMT5). Binding of PRMT5 through COPR5 is important for symmetric methylation of H4R3 and the expression of ORF59 competitively reduces the association of PRMT5 with COPR5, leading to a reduction in PRMT5 mediated arginine methylation. This ultimately resulted in a reduced level of symmetrically methylated H4R3 and increased levels of H3K4me3 marks, contributing to the formation of an open chromatin for transcription and DNA replication. Depletion of PRMT5 levels led to a decrease in symmetric methylation and increase in viral gene transcription confirming the role of PRMT5 in viral reactivation. In conclusion, ORF59 modulates histone-modifying enzymes to alter the chromatin structure during lytic reactivation.
Exploring the Future of Academic Libraries: A Definitional Approach.

The central argument of the article is that while the building, the collection and the staff were inseparably linked, in a digital environment these facets of the library are diverging. This divergence clouds the process of envisioning a future for the library, but, if properly defined, it is a source of clarity, which sheds light on strategic opportunities.
Live demonstration: Event-based image processing on CMOS Mihalas-Niebur neuron array transceiver

Neuromorphic systems mimic the functionality and communication protocol of biological neurons with efforts to design the most size and power efficient computing systems. We demonstrate the capability of an in-house neural array of 4080 Mihalas-Niebur neurons designed in 0.5μm CMOS technology to perform various event-based image processing tasks including warping and filtering.
Desalination and water reuse to address global water scarcity

The act of ensuring freshwater is considered the most essential and basic need for humanity. Although the planet is water-rich in some terms, the freshwater sources available for human consumption and beneficial uses are very limited. Excess population growth, industrial development coupled with improving living standards have caused an unprecedented need for freshwater all over the world. Regions once rich in water resources are struggling to meet the ever increasing demands in recent years. In addition, climate change and unsustainable management practices have led to a situation called “drought” in many regions. Water supplies in drought conditions can be addressed by taking two major approaches related to management and technology development. The management approaches include demand mitigation and supply enhancement. Demand mitigation can be done by implementing water conservation practices, and by enforcing a mechanism to influence user-responsible behavior through higher water fares and other billing routes. Supply enhancement can be achieved by utilizing the methods available for water reclamation, reuse and recycle including rain harvesting. This paper provides a critical insight of the causes for drought and the issues caused by persistent drought conditions followed by discussion of management and technological approaches required to maintain adequate water resources around the world. Challenges and opportunities involved in implementation of desalination and water reuse technologies in addressing global water scarcity are discussed in detail with case studies
K L 0 → 2γ decay through intermediate W1 and W0 bosons

A mechanism for the decay K L 0 → 2γ is proposed. The closed-loop graph involves two W1 bosons and the W0 which was recently conjectured to exist by Lee. The calculated rate involves a cut-offΛ and the masses of the bosonsm1 andm0. The experimental average for the branching ratio is used to obtain the relationm0 > 0.30Λ, wherem0 is the mass of the spin-zero W0 boson.
New extension software modules to enhance searching and display of transcriptome data in Tripal databases.

Database url tripal elasticsearch module https://github.com/tripal/tripal_elasticsearch. Tripal analysis expression module https://github.com/tripal/tripal_analysis_expression.
Management of carcinoid syndrome (CS): A systematic review of systemic treatment options.

516Background: CS is a major cause of symptom burden (diarrhea/flushing) in patients (pts) with neuroendocrine tumors and is associated with shortened survival and severe complications such as carc...
Accelerated Stability Assessment Program (ASAP) Applications in a Postapproval Environment

Abstract This chapter describes examples in utilizing the accelerated stability assessment program (ASAP) model to explore various areas of application within a postapproval environment. Using the Arrhenius principle in combination with moisture transfer modeling and statistical data analysis, the program has provided support for formulation screenings to achieve the ranking order required to deliver rapid decision making pertaining to the optimal formulation. ASAP modeling has also served as a risk assessment tool during the evaluation of packaging configurations for moisture protection of drug products and API/excipient qualification as means of improving the product life cycle. The chapter will focus extensively on the role ASAP plays in supporting a root cause investigative study into the stability issues associated with a given drug product. The chapter will also discuss the application of the predictive model as an accelerated means of ascertaining the impact packaging designs will have on the long-term stability behavior of the product degradation over its shelf life.
Solvent Effects on Emission Spectra

Solvent polarity and the local environment have profound effects on the emission spectra of polar fluorophores. These effects are the origin of the Stokes’ shift, which is one of the earliest observations in fluorescence. Emission spectra are easily measured, and as a result, there are numerous publications on emission spectra of fluorophores in different solvents and when bound to proteins, membranes, and nucleic acids. One common use of solvent effects is to determine the polarity of the probe binding site on the macromolecule. This is accomplished by comparison of the emission spectra and/or quantum yields of the fluorophore when it is bound to the macromolecule and when it is dissolved in solvents of different polarity. However, there are many additional instances where solvent effects are used. Suppose a fluorescent ligand binds to a protein. Binding is usually accompanied by a spectral shift due to the different environment for the bound ligand. Alternatively, the ligand may induce a spectral shift in the intrinsic or extrinsic protein fluorescence. Additionally, fluorophores often display spectral shifts when they bind to membranes.
Eyes Wide Shut: Surveying Erosion in the Professionalism of the Tax Bar

There is a generalized feeling among lawyers today that the legal "profession" is eroding into the legal "business." However, the lack of hard evidence of change has made it easy to dismiss this feeling as no more than nostalgia for a non-existent "golden age" of professionalism. Nevertheless, erosion of any sort is a slow-moving, gradual process, and its visible effects only become noticeable as they accumulate with the passage of time. The effects of what appears to be a true erosion in the professionalism of the tax bar have recently begun to accumulate, providing evidence that the generalized impression of a decline may actually be grounded in reality. The evidence of this decline in professionalism takes the form of a growing number of articles in lay publications (e.g., The New York Times and Forbes magazine) that provide the general public with technical discussions of legal, but ethically questionable, tax avoidance techniques. The essay focuses on two groups of such articles that have appeared in The New York Times during 2002. The essay first provides a description of the tax avoidance techniques discussed in the articles and of how public attention effectively shut those techniques down. Next, as a prelude to discussing the impact of these events on the law as a profession, the meaning of the term "profession" is explored. It is contended that, when used to refer to the practice of law, the term "profession" is used in its sociological sense and describes an occupation whose members (i) have mastered an esoteric body of knowledge, (ii) are altruistic, and (iii) are self-regulating. Then, with this definition in mind, the events surrounding the apparent demise of each of these tax avoidance techniques are analyzed. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that these events undermine the rationale for granting the legal profession the right of self-regulation. By contributing to the erosion of the legal profession's claim to one of the defining characteristics of a "profession" these events necessarily contribute to the erosion of the legal profession's more fundamental claim to the benefits and privileges of professional status. The purpose of the essay is to document and draw attention to this evidence, as its implications for the profession seem to have been overlooked by commentators. It is hoped that, by drawing attention to this evidence, the essay will spur members of the tax bar to reflect seriously on (i) their own actions and how they may have contributed to the erosion in professionalism and (ii) more broadly, whether the standard of conduct to which they actively hold themselves and their peers is sufficiently rigorous.
Butane Oxidation in A Transport Bed Reactor – Redox Characteristics of The Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide Catalyst

Redox properties of vanadium phosphorous oxide (VPO) catalysts have been measured using butane and hydrogen as reductants and molecular oxygen as an oxidizing agent. These redox measurements indicate vanadium phosphorous oxide catalysts can vary markedly in oxygen capacity and redox rates. The VPO systems selected for this study range in oxygen carrying capacity from surface oxygen participation only to involvement of subsurface oxygen. The stability of the operative redox chemistry of a VPO catalyst is illustrated by a 30000 cycle butane reduction test. Butane oxidation results in a transport bed reactor are explained by fundamental redox properties of vanadium phosphorous oxide catalysts.
Computation of Incompressible Flows Using Turbulence Models

In order to predict turbulent flows by finite difference solutions to the Reynolds equations, it becomes necessary to make closure assumptions regarding the apparent turbulent stress. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) avoid the closure problem by solving for the full, time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations. But, high resolution and large-computer capabilities are required to capture the turbulence structure. The recent expansion of computer capabilities makes DNS an important subject. Turbulence modeling of the Reynolds-averaged equation, however, is still considered the practical engineering tool. All presently known turbulence models have limitations; the ultimate turbulence model has yet to be developed. It is important to remember that turbulence models must be verified by comparing predictions with experimental measurements. Care must be taken in interpreting predictions obtained from models outside the range of conditions over which they have been verified by comparisons with experimental data.
Quantitative Binding Behavior of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins to Nanoparticle Surfaces at Individual Residue Level.

The quantitative and predictive understanding how intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) interact with engineered nanoparticles has potentially important implications for new therapeutics as well as nanotoxicology. Based on a recently developed solution 15 N NMR relaxation approach, the interactions between four representative IDPs with silica nanoparticles are reported at atomic detail. Each IDP possesses distinct binding modes, which can be quantitatively explained by the local amino-acid residue composition using a "free residue interaction model". The model was parameterized using the binding affinities of free proteinogenic amino acids along with long-range effects, derived by site-specific mutagenesis, that exponentially scale with distance along the primary sequence. The model, which is accessible through a web server, can be applied to predict the residue-specific binding affinities of a large number of IDPs.
Margaret Mead 1901–1978

A parallel is noted between Mead's ventures as a young anthropologist and the still inchoate state of her field. The influence of her childhood years on her eventual occupational path is explored, including the role played by her home schooling, the early fostering of skills in listening and note taking, and, particularly, her precocious interest in child rearing. Her emerging interest in the anthropology of sex and gender is examined from the dual standpoint of her truly distinctive contribution in that area and her critics' misinterpretation of it. A summary of her professional strengths and weaknesses closes the article.
Navigating Brands of Sport-Based Big Business: Exploring Reputation Management in an Evolving Sport Context

Issues of reputation management are negotiated in a wide array of contexts, yet arguably one of the most visible of these areas involves how such stories unfold within the sporting arena. Whether i...
Does Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss Precede Visual Field Loss in Glaucoma

It is often said that substantial retinal ganglion cells are lost before glaucomatous damage is detected by standard automated perimetry. There are 4 key articles referenced to support this belief. To test the hypothesis that the 4 key articles are incorrectly cited, the publications in the first 6 months of 2019 that reference 1 or more of these 4 articles were examined. In particular, the degree to which the quotes from these 2019 publications accurately reflected the evidence in the 4 key articles was assessed. These quotes are inadequately supported by the data, and in some cases even by the conclusions found in the abstracts of the key articles. This is despite several review articles that have questioned the evidence in these key articles. Further, a case can be made that the evidence in the key articles better supports the opposite conclusion. That is, the data suggest that sensitivity loss can be seen on standard automated perimetry before retinal ganglion cells are missing.
How Smoking Advocates are Connected Online: An Examination of Online Social Relationships Supporting Smoking Behaviors.

Social media platforms can facilitate online relationship formation among people who engage in risky health behavior such as smoking or unprotected sex. The purpose of this study is to gain a bette...