cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient design of a carbon fiber-based self-heating concrete pavement system through finite element analysis

Electrically conductive concrete (ECON) heated pavement system (HPS) is a newly developed clean technology to reduce the use of polluting chemicals for removal of snow and ice. This technology requires further comprehensive studies for achieving an energy-efficient design. To construct an energy-efficient system, ECON HPS design includes determining the most appropriate configuration of electrodes embedded in the ECON layer. The spacing, shape and dimensions of these electrodes are important design factors impacting the thermal and energy performance of the system. While field tests are resource-intensive, the use of numerical modeling can complement such experimental tests to provide a better overall understanding of the technology’s behavior. In this paper, the thermal and energy performance of ECON HPS is investigated through considering various system configuration designs, with an experimentally validated finite element model. A performance index is defined for comparing both thermal and energy performance of the configurations to obtain an energy-efficient design. The results indicate that a configuration with six circular electrodes at 100 cm spacing exhibited the best performance index and the highest energy efficiency. Since a test section with higher performance index would be capable of achieving a higher average surface temperature for the same energy input, such a section would have higher efficiency compared to other sections evaluated. This analysis results in narrowing down the ECON HPS’s configuration design options before performing experimental tests.
Pleiotropic Roles of Platelets and Neutrophils in Cell Death and Recovery During Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity

The role of platelets in liver biology and pathophysiology has attracted increased attention during the last decade. In particular, platelets were shown to be involved in liver inflammation, fibrosis and regeneration in acute and chronic liver injury.(1) The mechanisms included effects of platelet on recruitment and activation of neutrophils and macrophages and effects of platelet-derived mediators on hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells.
TYPICAL HOT WATER DRAW PATTERNS BASED ON FIELD DATA

TYPICAL HOT WATER DRAW PATTERNS BASED ON FIELD DATA Jim Lutz and Moya Melody Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Department Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720 November, 2012 This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technology, State, and Community Programs, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was sponsored by the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance under Contract No. NN620.
Determining real-time mass deposition with a quartz crystal microbalance in an electrostatic, parallel-flow, air-liquid interface exposure system

Abstract In vitro studies are the first step toward understanding the biological effects of particulate matter. As a more realistic exposure strategy than submerged culture approaches, air-liquid interface (ALI) in vitro exposure systems are gaining interest. One challenge with ALI systems is determining accurate particle mass deposition. Although a few commercially available ALI systems are equipped with online mass deposition monitoring, most studies use indirect methods to estimate mass doses. These different indirect methods may contribute to inconsistencies in the results from in vitro studies of aerosolized nanoparticles. This study explored the effectiveness of using a commercially available Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) to estimate the real-time, particle-mass deposition inside an electrostatic, parallel-flow, ALI system. The QCM system required minor modifications, including custom-designed and fabricated headers. Three QCM systems were simultaneously placed in three of the six wells in the ALI exposure chamber to evaluate the uniformity of particle deposition. The measurements from fluorescein dosimetry and QCM revealed an uneven deposition between these six wells. The performance of the QCM system was also evaluated using two different methods. First, using fluorescein deposition in one well, depositions in three other wells were estimated, which was then compared to the actual QCM readings. Second, using the QCM measured deposition in one well, the deposition in three other wells was estimated and compared to deposition measured by fluorescein dosimetry. For both methods, the expected and actual deposition yields a linear fit with the slope ~1. This good fit suggests that QCM systems can be used to measure real-time mass deposition in an electrostatic ALI system.
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Colon and rectal cancer continue to be a common disease. Despite the availability of an effective screening test, patients continue to present frequently with Stage 4 disease (metastatic spread). The most common sites of spread are the liver and the lungs. Over the past few decades, improvement in surgical techniques as well as the availability of improved chemotherapeutic agents has improved survival and has even led to cures of patients who once would have been offered no hope. For the surgeon caring for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, it is key to understand the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach.
Active Learning of Abstract Plan Feasibility

Long horizon sequential manipulation tasks are effectively addressed hierarchically: at a high level of abstraction the planner searches over abstract action sequences, and when a plan is found, lower level motion plans are generated. Such a strategy hinges on the ability to reliably predict that a feasible low level plan will be found which satisfies the abstract plan. However, computing Abstract Plan Feasibility (APF) is difficult because the outcome of a plan depends on complex real-world phenomena that are computationally costly to model, such as noise in estimation and plan execution. In this work, we present an active learning approach to efficiently acquire an APF predictor through curious exploration on a robot. The robot identifies plans whose outcomes would be informative about APF, executes those plans, and learns from their subsequent successes or failures. We evaluate our strategy in simulation and on a real Franka Emika Panda robot with integrated perception, experimentation, planning, and execution. In a stacking domain where objects have non-uniform mass distributions, we show that our system permits real-robot learning of an APF model in four hundred self-supervised interactions, and that our learned model can be used effectively in different downstream tasks (e.g., constructing the tallest tower or tower with the longest overhang).
Combined injury: irradiation with skin or bone wounds in rodent models.

A radiation combined injury (RCI) is defined as an injury that occurs in the setting of irradiation, such as those expected after a nuclear accident, radiation dispersal device release (a "dirty bomb"), or a nuclear weapon detonation. There is much research on irradiation-associated burns and their healing, but there is less known about other injuries sustained in the context of irradiation. Animal models are limited in their correlations to clinical situations but can support research on specific questions about injuries and their healing. Mouse models of irradiation with skin or bone wounds have been validated as highly reproducible and quantitative. They show dose-dependent impairment of wound healing, with later recovery. Irradiation-induced delay of bone wound healing was mitigated to different extents by single doses of gramicidin S-nitroxide JP4-039, a plasmid expressing Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD), amifostine/WR2721, or the bifunctional sulfoxide MMS-350. These models should be useful for research on mechanisms of radiation dermal and osseous damage and for further development of new radioprotectors. They also provide information of potential relevance to effects of clinical radiation therapies.
Active plasmonic optoelectronics

In this talk I will discuss our group’s work on the design, growth, fabrication and characterization of a new class of all-epitaxial plasmonic optoelectronic devices with enhanced performance when compared to state-of-the-art infrared optoelectronics. Specifically, we demonstrate that highly doped semiconductors, serving as ‘designer’ plasmonic materials, can be monolithically integrated with a range of infrared optoelectronic device architectures to provide strong field confinement, and enhanced emission, detection, and potentially modulation capabilities in the mid-infrared. We will present results from long-wave infrared detectors with thickness of only 350 nm, capable of over 50% external quantum efficiency and state-of-the-art detectivity, as well as dual color detectors, spectrally-selective detectors, and enhanced efficiency emitters leveraging our designer plasmonic materials with a range of novel device architectures.
International Benchmarking for Country Economic Diagnostics: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

This paper discusses the analytical foundations of international comparisons for assessing a country’s potential for improvement along various dimensions of social and economic development. The paper presents the Stochastic Frontier approach and applies it to estimate feasible frontiers or benchmarks for each variable, country, and year. It interprets a country’s departure from the benchmark as potential for improvement. This contrasts with the literature that compares countries by looking at raw indicators, without considering that countries differ in structural endowments that constrain the maximum performance that a country could achieve in a policy-relevant horizon. The paper uses a panel of 142 countries for the period 2005-2014 with 10 development indicators. It finds that the potential for improvement does not follow a simple relationship with economic development, with some lower-income countries being closer to their own feasible frontier than more advanced countries are.
Improving Work–Life Balance for Female Civil Servants in Law Enforcement: An Exploratory Analysis of the Federal Employee Paid Leave Act:

In late 2019, Congress passed the Federal Employee Paid Leave Act (FEPLA) establishing parental leave for most federal civilian employees. The new law provides up to 12 weeks of paid leave within 1...
Combating the Anti-Vaccination Movement.

Although the anti-mask movement is still with us—a full year after Flaskerud (2020) examined Americans’ irrational resistance to wearing a face mask to protect others from COVID-19—the anti-vaccine...
Prediction and Prevention in the Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis Paradigm: A Review of the Current Status and Recommendations for Future Directions of Inquiry

Prediction and prevention of negative clinical and functional outcomes represent the two primary objectives of research conducted within the clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) paradigm. Several multivariable "risk calculator" models have been developed to predict the likelihood of developing psychosis, although these models have not been translated to clinical use. Overall, less progress has been made in developing effective interventions. In this paper, we review the existing literature on both prediction and prevention in the CHR-P paradigm and, primarily, outline ways in which expanding and combining these paths of inquiry could lead to a greater improvement in individual outcomes for those most at risk.
Kidney Function and Fracture Risk: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Background People with end-stage renal disease are at high risk for bone fracture. Less is known about fracture risk in milder chronic kidney disease and whether chronic kidney disease–associated fracture risk varies by sex or assessment with alternative kidney markers. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants 10,955 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study followed up from 1996 to 2011. Predictor Kidney function as assessed by creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR cr ), urine albumin-creatinine ratio, and alternative filtration markers. Outcomes Fracture-related hospitalizations determined by diagnostic code. Measurements Baseline kidney markers; hospitalizations identified by self-report during annual telephone contact and active surveillance of local hospital discharge lists. Results Mean age of participants was 63 years, 56% were women, and 22% were black. During a median follow-up of 13 years, there were 722 incident fracture-related hospitalizations. Older age, female sex, and white race were associated with higher risk for fracture ( P cr and fracture risk was nonlinear: 2 , lower eGFR cr was associated with higher fracture risk (adjusted HR per 10mL/min/1.73m 2 lower, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05-1.47); there was no statistically significant association for ≥60mL/min/1.73m 2 in the primary analysis. In contrast, there was a graded association between other markers of kidney function and subsequent fracture, including albumin-creatinine ratio (HR per doubling, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06-1.14), cystatin C−based eGFR (HR per 1-SD decrease, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.25), and 1/β 2 -microglobulin (HR per 1-SD decrease, 1.26, 95% CI, 1.15-1.37). Limitations No bone mineral density assessment; one-time measurement of kidney function. Conclusions Both low eGFR and higher albuminuria were significant risk factors for fracture in this community-based population. The shape of the association in the upper ranges of eGFR varied by the filtration marker used in estimation.
TU‐C‐AUD A‐03: Integrating Research Into the Clinic: Experiences From Implementing Monte Carlo, IMRT, and …

Clinical implementation of in‐house developed research‐based treatment planning software poses challenges for both the code developer and clinical user. This presentation will examine several important aspects of the implementation and integration processes, using in‐house IMRT and Monte Carlo dose calculation programs as examples. For the developer, challenges include the creation of fail‐safe strategies to ensure patient safety; procedures for upgrades, including updates to address clinically urgent issues; and separation of clinically implemented code from research‐based code which is under continual development. Jointly, the developer and clinical user are challenged to create commissioning and quality assurance procedures which not only meet AAPM TG guidelines, but which also test pre‐identified failure modes that are specific to the software implementation. They are further challenged to develop per‐patient quality assurance methods to ensure patient plan quality. A useful strategy in this regard is to utilize a vendor‐supplied FDA approved product for cross‐comparison of the deliverable treatment plan. Finally, the implementation and integration processes should include procedures for dealing with non‐compliant cases, including identifying error sources and implementing remedies. Examples of how these challenges were addressed in our clinic will be presented. Educational Objectives: 1. To appreciate the challenges inherent in safe clinical implementation of in‐house developed software. 2. To understand strategies for overcoming the challenges of clinical implementation of in‐house developed software. 3. To understand the role of QA in safe clinical implementation of research. The research discussed is supported in part by NCI Grant P01 CA116602, by Philips Medical Systems, and by Varian Medical Systems.
GPS and INS flight test instrumentation of a fully aerobatic turbojet aircraft

This paper discusses the work performed at Ohio University to instrument its AERO Vodochody L-29 jet trainer. Simultaneous collection of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) data will allow researchers to perform a variety of flight test experiments and develop new applications. For example, real-time display of three-dimensional position would be extremely useful in aerobatic flight training (e.g., how circular is the loop you just performed). Given the typical drift rates of an INS, its sole use would be inappropriate. During inverted maneuvers (i.e., loops and rolls), however, GPS data will be lost for some time. The obvious answer is to integrate the GPS and INS. Although GPS/INS integration has been commonplace for quite some time, the aerobatic environment has only been addressed in military systems. Civilian flight training and aerobatic competitors could benefit from a commercially available GPS/INS that can provide high accuracy under extreme dynamics and inverted flight.
Integrated converters for switched reluctance motor drives

Switched reluctance motors (SRM) are relatively inexpensive and robust. The proportional cost of the power electronics is large especially for lower power drives. It is therefore important to optimize the power converter for the practical applications. This work presents the concept of integrated converters for SRM drives. Basic converters based on the sub-integrated concept are also discussed for the purpose of power factor correction in SRM drives. In addition, basic converters for DC-SRM drives are proposed. Finally, according to the integrated converter concept, three integrated converters based on the variable DC link voltage for SRM drives are introduced.
Cervicogenic Dizziness: Implications for Physical Therapy

Cervicogenic Dizziness (CGD) is a relatively new, emerging area in the medical literature and physical therapy practice. Approximately 60% of patients with whiplash-associated disorder experience dizziness due to impaired neck proprioceptive input. Patients with CGD typically describe their dizziness as vertigo, lightheadedness, blurry vision, disequilibrium, and/or nausea. Physical therapy interventions for CGD include orthopedic and vestibular rehabilitation strategies. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the etiology of cervicogenic dizziness, describe the proposed pathophysiology, and introduce the physical therapy examination and intervention process for patients with CGD.
Studies on Induced Variation in the Rhizobia: II. Radiation Sensitivity and Induction of Antibiotic-resistance Markers

The relation between survival and dose of ultraviolet (UV) light or X rays was, with only one exception, nonlinear for late-log-phase cultures of four species of Rhizobium. The ld(90) for different bacterial strains ranged from 400 to 3,000 ergs per mm(2) for UV treatment, and from 3.0 to 7.5 kr for X-ray treatment. Minor existing differences in response to some antibacterial compounds (disc tests) were usable as secondary markers for genetic experiments. Spontaneous and radiation-induced mutants, resistant to high levels of several antibiotics, notably dihydrostreptomycin and erythromycin, were isolated for primary marker purposes. A significant phenotypic lag for mutation to dihydrostreptomycin resistance was noted for UV-irradiated cells. The UV-induced frequency exceeded the X-ray-induced frequency by a factor of at least three, at a comparable level of lethality. No significant change in the symbiotic capability was observed in rhizobial strains marked with antibiotics resistance.
Greening of Agriculture

Abstract Consolidation of farms, agricultural input supply companies, and commodity businesses over the past several decades have led to a concentration of ownership and control. There is growing concern by society about the environmental impacts of agriculture and the food system, and companies are eager to exploit this concern by advertising products that are environmentally friendly. When there is a greening of a company to reduce pollution or improve efficiency of non-renewable resource use, this is a legitimate way to justify advertising green products. When a company attempts to present a responsible public image, bu tdoes not change production practices we could call this a greenwashing or use of disinformation to mislead consumers. It is difficult to distinguish between the two. This chapter explores two questions: is there a relationship between scale of farming and business and green activities, and does adoption of a multiple bottom line influence greening of agriculture and food systems? After...
Can One Forget to Remember

Remembering Trauma . by Richard J. McNally. Belknap (Harvard University Press), Cambridge, MA, 2003. 430 pp. $35.00, £23.50. ISBN 0-674-01082-5. McNally provides a dispassionate evaluation of findings from cognitive, behavioral, and neurological studies of how people remember and forget traumatic experiences.
MILLENNIUM MADNESS! Y2K?: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF CATASTROPHIC THEMES IN SELECTED PRINT MEDIA

This qualitative research project investigated two related but distinct moments of historic significance. The first pertained to what became known as the Y2K phenomenon. The second involved the dawning of a new millennium. The researchers speculated that each of these events, either independently or upon their convergence, could provide the impetus for mass behavior or aberrant behavior by some millennium, cultic, or new religious movements . Our interest focused on the impact of the convergence of these two events and the role of the print media in exacerbating or diminishing the effects. Content analysis was employed as the primary method of investigation. We examined the headlines of significant sources of print media throughout the calendar year 1999. Our examination included the headlines of two national magazines, three major national newspapers, one state newspaper and one local municipal newspaper. This research documented themes and narratives which emerged throughout the calendar year of 1999. The most intriguing findings included the absence of any significant event related to Y2K or the new millennium as well as the restraint of the media in their coverage of each event. The researchers explored theoretical frameworks which might explain these findings. In addition, research issues related to methodology peculiar to this type of research were addressed.
General Stream Adjudications: A Good Public Investment?

The drive for perfection and certainty lie deep in American culture, but the law of prior appropriation has long made the realization of these goals incomplete for water users in the western United States. To resolve both simple and complex water use disputes, the West — with the exception of California — has primarily followed the law of prior appropriation for over a century and a half. The doctrine has evolved from a customary rule to resolve disputes between rival mining claimants, to a complex system of judicial and administrative irrigation rights,2 and in the last four decades as a vehicle to change the West from a colonial commodity production economy to a modern urban service and agribusiness one. Today, the doctrine that supported the Reclamation Era is once again adapting to the start of the reallocation and “smart” (smaller) project era, the consequent shrinkage of the irrigation economy and the recognition of “quasi-riparian” Indian and federal reserved water rights to support non-consumptive environmental water use.
Introducing RDA: A Guide to the Basics by C. Oliver

The long awaited update to the Anglo American Cataloging Rules 2nd Edition (AACR2) has finally arrived in the form of Resource Description and Access (RDA). What began 5 years ago as a Joint Steeri...
Delayed Ejaculation: Medical and Psychological Treatments and Algorithm

Delayed ejaculation (DE) is a challenging disorder to treat. Many clinicians are not comfortable dealing with DE due to a lack of treatment approaches supported by evidence-based medicine. In this review, we discuss the most common treatments and the latest studies that support each DE treatment. The goal of our review is to help clinicians identify and treat patients who present with this disorder. An integrative approach using medications, penile vibratory stimulation, and sexual counseling is important for successful treatment of DE. We propose an algorithm for DE treatment to help guide clinicians. However, an individualized treatment plan should be developed for each unique case due to the multifactorial etiology of DE.
Brodie’s abscess with tuberculous osteomyelitis of the foot

Background: A 28-year-old lady of Asian origin presented with a painful left foot associated with swelling, purulent discharge and surrounding cellulitis. Her temperature was normal and blood results were within normal limits. Her past medical history included pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient had plain radiographs followed by a MRI scan of the left foot. She subsequently had a biopsy prior to surgical treatment.
Witzel pneumatic dilation for achalasia: safety and long-term efficacy.

Forceful dilation of the lower esophageal sphincter is considered primary therapy for achalasia. The Witzel pneumatic balloon dilator, unlike fluoroscopically placed dilators, is placed over a standard gastroscope allowing positioning and dilation under direct vision. We report our experience with the Witzel dilator in 45 patients with achalasia over a 5-year period. All patients had at least one major symptom score of 8 out of 10 for dysphagia and/or regurgitation before dilation. After Witzel dilation, symptomatic response was graded as excellent (score 0 to 2), good (score 3 to 5), fair (score 6 to 8), and poor (no improvement). Symptom response was assessed after 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and present. The mean period of follow-up was 25 months (range, 3 to 85 months). Passage of the balloon across the gastroesophageal junction was technically unsuccessful in three patients. Esophageal perforation occurred in two patients (4%) and transient chest pain greater than 2 days in three patients (7%). There was no bleeding or death. Symptomatic long-term improvement was excellent in 25 patients (63%), good in 6 patients (15%), fair in 4 patients (10%), and poor in 5 patients (12%). A repeat Witzel dilation was performed in five patients but resulted in good/excellent improvement in only one patient. We conclude that pneumatic dilation with the Witzel balloon is a safe, effective procedure for achalasia.
Congressional Politics: Building the New Navy, 1876-86

This article examines the treatment of the American Navy at the hands of Congress, based on the premise that the political struggle between the Republicans and Democrats played the major role in the decline and rejuvenation of the fleet. The period of decline is described as the first decade following the Civil War; however, most of the article concerns the next 10 years. During this latter decade, Congress and the public became aware of the poor condition of the fleet and the first steps toward modernization began. Attempts by Republican administrations, however, were thwarted by the Democrats, who refused to support any construction bills offered by the party in power. It was not until the Democrats gained the White House-in 1885-that this policy began to change. The author contends that congressional politics was the determining factor in deciding when the fleet modernization would start.
Laser Doppler velocimetry in blood and multiply scattering fluids: theory

A detailed theory of LDV in dense multiply scattering fluids such as blood has been developed. Using a Feynman diagram renormalization technique, we derived generalized transport equations for the Doppler spectral space irradiance in a moving medium. We developed a Monte Carlo algorithm for solution of these equations in realistic fiber LDV geometries. Numerical results indicate that hydrodynamic boundary layer effects on the performance of LDV systems could be substantially reduced by proper choice of fiber geometry and signal processing method. We give a theory of the sources of noise in LDV systems, which shows that such improvements are feasible.
A class of one sample tests based on the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon functional

The main idea behind the proposed class of tests is rooted on an extension of the technique used in the derivation of the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test. Just like the case of two-sample rank-based tests, the new class consists of tests defined through score functions. When properly selected, these score functions lead to consistent and often more powerful tests compared with classical goodness-of-fit tests. Theoretical results are supported by an extensive simulation study.
Evidence for the complexing of oxygen by phenothiazines

Abstract In the presence of phenothiazine derivatives, the polarographic wave corresponding to the reduction of oxygen disappears, new waves appearing at more negative potentials. The latter apparently represent the reduction of phenothiazine-oxygen complexes. Correlations of the differences between the oxygen reduction potential and those of the complexes with the spectra and Hammett σp values of the phenothiazines suggest that σ, rather than π, complexes are probably involved. The complexes are several orders of magnitude less reducible than oxygen itself.
Microbial biodegradation of organic wastes containing surfactants in a continuous-flow reactor

In a continuous flow bioreactor seeded with microbes from municipal activated sludge, complete organic carbon oxidation of simulated graywater (wastewater produced in human residences, excluding toilet wastes) was achieved at dilution rates up to 0.36 h−1 in the presence of 64.1 μ M linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) L−1. At LAS concentrations of 187 μ M, the system functioned only at dilution rates up to 0.23 h−1, and the biomass yield was two-fold lower. There were physiological changes in the microbial communities under different operating conditions, as measured by specific contents of ATP and extracellular hydrolases as well as the respiratory potential of the biomass. LAS inhibited the activity of LAS-degrading microbes at >150 μ M LAS, and the activity of other microbes at >75 μ M LAS. Chemical analysis of graywater indicated that samples consisted primarily of biological polymers (proteins and polysaccharides) and lower concentrations of surfactants. Biological remediation of graywater is possible, although treatment efficiency is influenced by the operating conditions and wastestream composition.
Cyanogenesis in Sorghum vulgare—III. : Partial purification and characterization of two β-glucosidases from Sorghum tissues

Abstract Two β- D -glucopyranosidase activities with distinct aglycone specificities were characterized in Sorghum vegetative tissues and seeds. Glucosidase I, which was assayed with p -nitrophenyl α- D -glucopyranoside, also hydrolyzes salicin, but not dhurrin ( p -hydroxy- L -mandelonitrile β- D -glucopyranoside). It was concentrated 10-fold and obtained free of β-glucosidase II. Glucosidase II was assayed with dhurrin; it hydrolyzes other mandelonitrile and benzyl β-glucosides as well. Glucosidase II was purified 85-fold from vegetative tissues and 4-fold from seeds, in which it occurs in higher concentrations, but it was not obtained free of glucosidase 1. The pH optima and Michaelis constants of the two glucosidases for their respective assay substrates are reported, as well as K i values for several competitive inhibitors. Sorghum oxynitrilase decomposes the L -isomer of p -hydroxymandelonitrile.
Synthesis of unsymmetrical formamidines and benzamidines: structural studies of copper, cobalt and chromium complexes

Abstract The preparation of new ligands capable of spanning linear chains of three metal atoms as well as mononuclear compounds of various geometries are reported. Reaction of triethyl orthoformate with 2-aminopyridine produces the key intermediate, ethylpyridylformimidate ( 1 ), in 60% yield. From this, by reaction with the appropriately substituted anilins the following pyridylformamidines were obtained: phenylpyridylformamidine (HPhPyF) ( 2 ); p -anisylpyridylformamidine (HAniPyF) ( 3 ); p -tolylpyridylformamidine (TolPyF) ( 4 ); 4-fluorophenylpyridylformamidine (HPh F PyF) ( 5 ). The p -methyl analog of 1 was made, and from this the picolyl analog of 2 was made, phenylpicolylformamidine (HPhPcF) ( 7 ). The compound 2 reacted with CoCl 2 and CuCl 2 ·3H 2 O to produce the tetrahedral complexes Co(HPhPyF)Cl 2 ( 8 ) and Cu(HPhPyF)Cl 2 ( 9 ). The quasitetrahedral compound Cu(PhPyF) 2 ( 10 ) was also prepared. The benzamidine analog of 2 , PhNC(Ph)N(H)Py ( 11 ) was prepared and from this the tetrahedral Co complex ( 12 ) analogous to 8 and the trichromium compound Cr 3 (PhNC(Ph)NPy) 4 Cl 2 ( 13 ) were made. The crystal structures of 8 – 13 were determined. The Cr 3 chain in 13 is unsymmetrical with CrCr distances of 2.269(1) and 2.513(1) A.
HMO development in an academic medical center: The rise and fall of a prepaid health program in New York City

Through a documented case study the authors identify the critical factors that impede the introduction of prepaid medical care as part of education and practice within a prestigious and well established academic medical center. The inherent conflicts between individual fee-for-service practice and population-based prepaid practice and the resistance to innovations in medical care organization as they surfaced in that center, are presented. The need for a clear understanding of the complexities of HMO development and of an appreciation for the importance of a planning process in which all interested parties are involved, is emphasized. A clear commitment by policy makers, administrators and providers is highlighted as fundamental for the implementation of a system where practitioners are motivated to assume responsibility for the comprehensive care of a defined population that prepays for their services. The rewards as well as the difficulties for institutionalizing commitment to this form of health care delivery and impacting on medical education are discussed.
Hypervitaminosis A Following Long-Term Use of High-Dose Fish Oil Supplements

The use of various dietary supplements containing fish oils has become popular as a method of reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. However, consumption of large amounts of these substances may pose some potential hazards. Described herein is a patient who developed hypervitaminosis A after prolonged fish oil supplement ingestion.
Meeting Planners’ Perceptions of Relationship Quality:

Hotel salespeople involved in the marketing of meeting facilities often negotiate with meeting planners. In this situation, relationship quality between the salesperson and the meeting planner is i...
From Bench to Bedside

This paper presents work done by biomedical engineers at Boston University (BU) in a wide range of health-care technologies, understanding of disease and advances in promising clinical solutions. Efforts in genome research, systems biology, diabetes management, and cancer care are presented.
Heat capacity, third-law entropy, and low-temperature physical behavior of bulk hematite (α-Fe2O3)

Abstract The constant pressure heat capacity of a bulk hematite powder was measured using a Quantum Design physical properties measurement system (PPMS). The results of two series showed good precision and agreed well with measurements reported by Westrum and Gronvold. The standard molar entropy at T = 298.15 K was calculated to be (87.32 ± 2) J · mol−1 · K−1 for Series 1 and (87.27 ± 2) J · mol−1 · K−1 for Series 2, which are in good agreement with the value of (87.40 ± 0.2) J · mol−1 · K−1 (originally 20.889 cal · deg−1 · mole−1) calculated by Westrum and Gronvold. No anomaly was observed for the Morin transition, and theoretical fits below T = 15 K required a ferromagnetic T3/2 term.
Thermodynamics of thorium substitution in yttrium iron garnet: comparison of experimental and theoretical results

The thermodynamic stability of Th-doped yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, YIG) as a possible actinide-bearing material has been investigated using calorimetric measurements and first-principles electronic-structure calculations. Yttrium iron garnet with thorium substitution ranging from 0.04 to 0.07 atoms per formula unit (Y3−xThxFe5O12, x = 0.04–0.07) was synthesized using a citrate–nitrate combustion method. High-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry was used to determine their enthalpy of formation. The thermodynamic analysis demonstrates that, although the substitution enthalpy is slightly endothermic, an entropic driving force for the substitution of Th for Y leads to a near-zero change in the Gibbs free energy. First-principles calculations within the density functional theory (DFT) indicate that the main limiting factors for Th incorporation into the YIG structure are the narrow stability domain of the host YIG and the formation of ThO2 as a secondary phase. Nevertheless, the defect formation energy calculations suggest that by carefully tuning the atomic and electronic chemical potentials, Th can be incorporated into YIG. The thermodynamic results, as a whole, support the possible use of garnet phases as nuclear waste forms; however, this will require careful consideration of the repository conditions.
Psychometric Testing of a Respiratory Distress Observation Scale

The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability and construct validity of a new behavioral instrument to measure the presence and intensity of respiratory distress for patients who are unable to self-report about dyspnea. Patient reports about dyspnea were compared to displayed behaviors in three groups of 70 patients (n = 210). Pulmonary rehabilitation patients were assessed with the respiratory distress observation scale (RDOS) after controlled exercise while hypoxemic and subsequently asked to report current dyspnea on a dyspnea visual analog scale (DVAS). Patients with postoperative orthopedic pain were evaluated with the RDOS and asked to report current pain and dyspnea. Healthy volunteers were assessed with the RDOS at rest and asked to report current dyspnea. The internal consistency (α) of this seven variable scale is 0.78. A positive correlation between the RDOS and DVAS (p = 0.001) was found in dyspneic patients indicating convergent validity. Significant differences were found when R...
Hydrodynamic influences on interannual chlorophyll variability in an estuary: Upper San Francisco Bay-Delta (California, U.S.A.)

Diversion of estuarine water for human use, in conjunction with river inflow, is the main underlying cause of interannual chlorophyll variability in the landward portion of the San Francisco Bay-Delta estuary, i.e. Suisun Bay and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The principal feature of year-to-year change is high chlorophyll variability within the specific conductance range of 2–10 mS cm−1 (salinity 1–6), the approximate boundaries of an estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM). This variability stems from two separate hydrodynamic forces: (1) the strength of flow into the ETM, which affects primary productivity, losses to benthic macroinvertebrates, washout of phytoplankton cells, and chlorophyll loading; and (2) export of water from the estuary for human use, which independently affects the loading of chlorophyll from upstream sources into the ETM. In addition to the evidence for (1) presented in previous, largely descriptive studies, the simultaneous existence of both pathways is supported here by statistical models and material budgets. The source of phytoplankton organic matter from upstream was investigated further. Estimates were made for primary productivity levels in the Delta. These estimates are consistent with a mass balance for chlorophyll that suggests the Delta usually augments the flow of phytoplankton biomass from the rivers. If water were diverted from upstream of the Delta, rather than from within the Delta, the mass balance implies that both chlorophyll outflow from the Delta into the Bay, as well as primary productivity within the Delta, would increase. The primary productivity estimates also indicate that, on average, most of the phytoplankton emerging from the Delta is actually produced within the Delta, not upstream in the rivers; furthermore, most of the Delta primary productivity is respired or consumed within the Delta. A second, smaller mode of variability is as a result of phytoplankton blooms in the San Joaquin River, which were quite large and variable prior to 1978 but have been relatively small since that time. The underlying processes have not been identified in detail, but are suspected to be hydrodynamic in nature.
Synthesis and properties of 3-vinyl-3-desmethyl chlorophyll

Abstract The title compound 1 has been prepared from chlorophyll b by a highly chemoselective Wittig reaction, and its spectroscopic properties characterized.
Biodegradable foams of poly(lactic acid)/starch. II. Cellular structure and water resistance

Biodegradable foams were prepared with poly(lactic acid) and starch by extrusion. The compression modulus of the foams was negatively related to the foam bulk density. The foam consists of both open- and close-cell structures. The presence of PLA significantly improved the water resistance of the foam, and significantly improved the foam recovery capacity, especially in high-moisture conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
The methylenetetrahydrofolate-mediated biosynthesis of ribothymidine in the transfer-RNA of Streptococcus faecalis: incorporation of hydrogen from solvent into the methyl moiety.

Abstract The methyl carbon of ribothymidine in the tRNA of Streptococcus faecalis is derived from 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, not S -adenosylmethionine. Isotope labeling experiments have shown that the reduction of the methylene carbon of the folate cofactor to the methyl carbon of the modified residue involves a mechanism in which hydrogen from solvent is incorporated into the methyl moiety. Although the identity of the reducing agent involved directly in this novel methylation remains to be established, data suggest that reduced flavin serves this function in vitro .
Children out of bounds in globalising times

(2003). Children out of bounds in globalising times. Postcolonial Studies: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 309-325.
Welfare effects of subsidizing higher education when access and quality are endogenous

Abstract Tuition and product quality are determined in cases where subsidies offset inefficiencies. Lower subsidies imply a tradeoff between access and quality. For all quality levels, social welfare increases in the subsidy whenever tuition exceeds the marginal cost.
Current Trends and Future Directions in the Study of Psychosocial Treatments for Pathological Gambling

Pathological gambling is a psychiatric disorder that has considerable public-health implications. Promising treatments for pathological gambling have been identified. However, most treatment research is limited by methodological problems that preclude drawing conclusions about treatment efficacy. We explore the empirical evidence for some currently practiced treatments for pathological gambling. We also discuss some of the challenges and future directions for research on how to treat the disorder.
Effects of particle properties on bubble rise and wake in a two-dimensional liquid—solid fluidized bed

The objective of this communication is to elucidate quantitatively the effects of particle properties on wake structure as well as rise characteristics of a single rising bubble in a liquid-solid fluidized bed. A visualization technique is utilized to measure the bubble rise properties such as shape and rise velocity, and the wake properties such as vortex-shedding frequency and the sizes of the primary wake and the liquid wake (a stable particle-depleted layer immediately beneath the bubble base)
Freeze–fracture studies on unmyelinated axolemma of rat cervical sympathetic trunk : correlation with saxitoxin binding

The density and diameter distributions of intramembranous particles (IMPs) within unmyelinated axolemma from rat cervical sympathetic trunk were examined with freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The axolemma displays a highly asymmetrical partitioning of IMPs with ca. 1200 IMPs microns-2 on P-faces and ca. 100 IMPs microns-2 on E-faces. Particle sizes (diameters) are unimodally distributed on both fracture faces, with a range from 2.4 nm to 15.6 nm. Approximately 16% of the particles on P-faces and 28% of particles on E-faces are of a large (greater than 9.6 nm) diameter. On both fracture faces, the IMPs appear to be randomly distributed; no aggregations of particles were observed. The results indicate that there are ca. 230 large IMPs microns-2 of unmyelinated axolemma from rat cervical sympathetic trunk. The density of these IMPs is similar to the density of saxitoxin binding sites on unmyelinated axolemma from rat cervical sympathetic trunk (Pellegrino et al. 1984 (Brain Res. 305, 357-360)), which suggests that many of the large diameter particles may be the morphological correlate of voltage-sensitive Na+ channels.
The Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M University

Since the first cyclotron beam fifty years ago, the Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute has functioned as a university-based laboratory. Over the past two decades it has been funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, the State of Texas, the Welch Foundation, and commercial sale of beam-time. The first accelerator is a conventional isochronous cyclotron modeled after the 88″ cyclotron at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. It arose from a proposal funded by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, the R. A. Welch Foundation (a private foundation headquartered in Houston), and the State of Texas and continued to operate from 1967 to 1987. After recommissioning in 2007 as a higher-field K150 machine, it is still in operation. The K500 cyclotron, funded in 1980 by the Welch Foundation and Texas A&M University and modeled after the Michigan State NSCL K500 cyclotron, is a superconducting isochronous cyclotron whose first beam was extracted in 1988.
Toon receives 2011 Roger Revelle Medal: Citation

Owen Brian Toon was awarded the 2011 Roger Revelle Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 7 December 2011 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is for “outstanding contributions in atmospheric sciences, atmosphere-ocean coupling, atmosphere-land coupling, biogeochemical cycles, climate, or related aspects of the Earth system.”
The Effect of Firm Survival Situations on Managerial Ethics

The purpose of this study is to examine whether certain strategic situations (profit vs. survival situations) cause managers to act more ethically or less ethically. Results from multivariate repeated measures tests suggest that managers will vary their level of ethical response when faced with a situation in which the organization's survival is at stake.
Component analysis in cross-sectional and longitudinal data

An extension of component analysis to longitudinal or cross-sectional data is presented. In this method, components are derived under the restriction of invariant and/or stationary compositing weights. Optimal compositing weights are found numerically. The method can be generalized to allow differential weighting of the observed variables in deriving the component solution. Some choices of weightings are discussed. An illustration of the method using real data is presented.
Ni-Ti SMA-reinforced Al composites

A shape-memory alloy, nickel-titanium, has been distributed throughout an aluminum matrix, using powder-metallurgy processing, in the hope of using the shape-memory effect to achieve strengthening and improve the fatigue resistance, as compared to the aluminum matrix. The shape-memory effect was activated by cold rolling the samples at −30°C. Upon reheating to the austenite phase, the Ni-Ti was expected to return to its original shape while embedded in the aluminum matrix. It is thought that this action created residual, internal stresses around each particle, which strengthened the material. The yield and ultimate strengths, and the fatigue lives of the Ni-Ti reinforced aluminum composites, have been improved considerably, as compared to the unreinforced material. The cross-sectional microstructures of the composites, as well as the modes of crack growth, have been examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify fatigue and fracture mechanisms.