cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A38: Targeting the androgen receptor to increase sensitivity to checkpoint immunotherapy

Advanced prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in men with ~32,000 deaths each year. Castration-resistant prostate cancer has no cure and an overall survival of approximately 5 years. Strategies to block androgen receptor (AR) signaling form the backbone of prostate-cancer therapy and despite suppression of serum testosterone, intratumor concentrations of androgens can remain high. Blocking AR nuclear translocation and its transcriptional function delays disease progression, but not overall survival, in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. In a paradigm-challenging clinical trial, anti-PD-1 blockade induced long-term durable responses in a subset of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with the AR inhibitor, enzalutamide. Interestingly, T cells also express AR and their function can be directly modulated by changes in androgen availability. Given this and the success of this clinical trial, we asked if enzalutamide sensitized T cells to checkpoint immunotherapy. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we reveal a direct effect of enzalutamide on T-cell proliferation and function. In a novel implantable mouse model of advanced prostate cancer, we highlight a requirement for androgen receptor blockade to sensitize prostate tumor-bearing animals to immunotherapy. Transcriptomic analysis of leukocytes from the tumor and draining lymph node revealed a small cohort of genes differentially regulated by enzalutamide that are consistent with increased sensitivity to checkpoint blockade. Perhaps most significant, in patients who responded to anti-PD-1 therapy, some of these same genes were upregulated prior to treatment, suggesting these could be a biomarker for immunotherapy sensitization in advanced prostate cancer patients. Taken together, our data suggest a novel mechanism targeting androgen receptor-mediated immune suppression to improve immunotherapy outcomes in advanced prostate cancer. Note:This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Archana Sehrawat, Fanny Polesso, Christina Hipfinger, Xiangnan Guan, Zheng Xia, Julie Graff, Amy Moran. Targeting the androgen receptor to increase sensitivity to checkpoint immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A38.
Therapy and Psychotropic Medication Use in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Guidelines suggest young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) receive intensive nonpharmacologic interventions. Additionally, associated symptoms may be treated with psychotropic medications. Actual intervention use by young children has not been well characterized. Our aim in this study was to describe interventions received by young children (3–6 years old) with ASD. The association with sociodemographic factors was also explored. METHODS: Data were analyzed from the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network (AS-ATN), a research registry of children with ASD from 17 sites in the United States and Canada. AS-ATN participants receive a diagnostic evaluation and treatment recommendations. Parents report intervention use at follow-up visits. At follow-up, 805 participants had data available about therapies received, and 613 had data available about medications received. RESULTS: The median total hours per week of therapy was 5.5 hours (interquartile range 2.0–15.0), and only 33.4% of participants were reported to be getting behaviorally based therapies. A univariate analysis and a multiple regression model predicting total therapy time showed that a diagnosis of ASD before enrollment in the AS-ATN was a significant predictor. Additionally, 16.3% of participants were on ≥1 psychotropic medication. A univariate analysis and a multiple logistic model predicting psychotropic medication use showed site region as a significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Relatively few young children with ASD are receiving behavioral therapies or total therapy hours at the recommended intensity. There is regional variability in psychotropic medication use. Further research is needed to improve access to evidence-based treatments for young children with ASD.
Hiding Actualities: Whether Art Should Exist Independent of the Artist

Recent advancements in technology have made nearly every aspect of celebrities lives are available to the public, causing many of their secrets to rise to the surface. This Note explores recent allegations of various artists, how the public has reacted, and the implications that arose. Further, this Note suggests that, under the American copyright system, it may be acceptable to disconnect the art from the artist in certain situations. Precedents in tax law, criminal law, and property law support this separation. If the music perpetuates or is influenced by the artist's bad behavior, then it should be protested. However, if the music in itself is not problematic, the music should exist independently.
Automating the evaluation of urban roadside drainage systems using mobile lidar data

Abstract Roadside channel systems are critical for the management of stormwater runoff and the protection of the structural integrity of roads; and thus, require systematic evaluation and maintenance. However, the evaluation of these systems remains ad hoc due to the lack of efficient inspection methods. This paper contributes to filling this gap by providing an automated process for the inspection and evaluation of roadside channel systems using data obtained from mobile lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) scanners. The Cloth Simulation Filtering algorithm was employed to split lidar point clouds into bare earth and object datasets, and then compute six key attributes of roadside channels based on the bare earth dataset. The six attributes are: channel depth, bottom width, side slope, longitudinal slope, and length and density of subsurface pipes and culverts. To test and demonstrate the new automated process, it was applied to six street sections in the City of Houston, Texas. The computed attributes were compared to the design and maintenance guidelines set by the City of Houston and Harris County. The evaluation results indicate that every channel examined in this study has its own condition issues and improvement needs. While no channel section in this study was in full compliance with the guidelines, no channel was utterly incompatible either. The results show that the developed automated process can effectively and efficiently evaluate roadside channels, providing an alternative to conventional manual inspection methods. Future work could use the output of the developed method to assess the risk of localized flooding and inform both the municipal government and property owners about effective mitigation measures.
Abstract 660: Combination of mTOR kinase inhibitors with Src inhibitors in PTEN-mt prostate cancer cells

Although Src inhibitors are able to suppress malignant functions, their clinical outcomes are modest for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, many of which harbor mutated PTEN. mTOR pathway is commonly hyperactivated in prostate cancer due to frequent PTEN mutation, and it is known that two mTOR complexes are both critical in prostate cancer progression. However, the functional role of mTOR kinase in Src inhibitor-mediated response remains unknown. In the current study, we combined mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD8055 and Src inhibitor dasatinib to evaluate functional behaviors in PTEN-deleted prostate cancer cells. Gene silencing was achieved by siRNA or shRNA transfection. Cell proliferation and clonogenic survival were performed by MTT and colony formation assay, respectively. “Wound-healing” scratch assay was conducted to monitor cell migration, and Matrigel-based transwell assay was applied to assess cell invasion. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. We found that in PTEN-mt cells, C4-2B showed greater expression of p-Akt, p-S6, p-4EBP1 and p-eIF4E, all of which are mTOR complexes downstream components. Such molecular profile is consistent with functional observation that C4-2B cells are more resistant to dasatinib. Interestingly, single knockdown of either 4EBP1, S6RP or AKT showed little effects of inhibiting cell survival, while double knockdown of both 4EBP1 and AKT, cell survival was significantly inhibited. Consistently, two agents together showed significantly greater inhibition on proliferation and clonogenic survival than either single agent. Such combination effects were either additive or synergistic depending on the cell types, as reflected by combination index calculation. In addition, cell migration and invasion were inhibited in a greater extent by AZD8055 plus dasatinib, compared to either treatment alone. At the molecular level, co-targeting mTOR and Src kinases leads to strong inhibition of mTOR and Src pathways, such as FAK, Akt, S6RP and 4E-BP1. These data indicate that adding AZD8055 to dasatinib may achieve better treatment outcomes in PTEN-mt prostate cancer models. Such combination modality hold potential for future development as a novel strategy for PTEN-mutated prostate cancer patients who are less responsive to Src inhibitors. Citation Format: Yao Dai, Dietmar Siemann. Combination of mTOR kinase inhibitors with Src inhibitors in PTEN-mt prostate cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 660.
Motor evoked potential latency and duration from tibialis anterior in individuals with chronic stroke

Ipsilateral motor pathways from the contralesional hemisphere to the paretic limbs may be upregulated to compensate for impaired function after stroke. Onset latency and duration of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provide insight into compensatory pathways but have been understudied in the lower limb. This study assessed MEP onset latency and duration in the lower limb after stroke, and compared ipsilateral and contralateral MEPs in the paretic and non-paretic limb. We hypothesized that: (1) onset latency would be longer for ipsilateral than contralateral MEPs and longer for the paretic than the non-paretic limb, and (2) duration would be shorter for ipsilateral than contralateral MEPs and longer for the paretic than the non-paretic limb. Data were collected as a part of a pre-test of a randomized controlled trial. TMS was applied to the ipsilateral and contralateral hemisphere of the paretic and non-paretic limb. MEP onset latency and duration were calculated from the tibialis anterior. Thirty-five participants with chronic stroke were included in the final analysis. Onset latency was longer in the paretic than the non-paretic limb (~ 6.0 ms) and longer after ipsilateral than contralateral stimulation (~ 1.8 ms). Duration was longer in the paretic than the non-paretic limb (~ 9.2 ms) and longer after contralateral than ipsilateral stimulation (~ 5.2 ms). Ipsilateral MEPs may be elicited through ipsilateral pathways with fewer fibers with a higher activation threshold and/or greater spinal branching. MEPs from the paretic limb may reflect slower central motor conduction, peripheral changes, or changes in motor pathway.
Guanylyl cyclase 2C (GUCY2C) in gastrointestinal cancers: recent innovations and therapeutic potential.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) is an intestinal signaling system that regulates intest...
Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Satisfaction: A Case of Hilton Hotel, United Kingdom

Purpose: This paper has focused on examining the impact of organizational culture on employee satisfaction in Hotel Hilton, United Kingdom. Design: The paper is written on the basis of secondary data. The research study is conducted on the basis of qualitative research method and data is collected through critical review of literature from secondary sources. The secondary data is collected from scholarly articles and books. Findings: From the findings, it is revealed that there is a significant impact of organizational culture on employee satisfaction. When, the management of an organization focuses highly on providing supportive organizational culture, then, it helps in enhancing the satisfaction level of employees. The satisfied employees in an organization serve as a competitive advantage. Research Limitations: Due to lack of enough time and resources, the paper is written on the basis of one case study, so, this might decrease the generalizability of research findings. Moreover, future studies can be conducted for examining the importance of organizational culture for other important factors of the firm. Practical Implications: The findings of this research paper proves to be much beneficial for managers of organizations, as they can get to know that how satisfaction level of employees can be enhanced through focusing on organizational culture. Originality: Previously, there was no study conducted for exploring the importance of organizational culture for enhancing employee satisfaction, and how it could be directly linked to the competitive advantage of the firm. So, this study has been carried out to investigate the impact of organizational culture on employee satisfaction, in the case of Hilton Hotel UK.
Food Sovereignty Indicators for Indigenous Community Capacity Building and Health

Food insecurity, defined as a lack of stable access to sufficient and nutritious food, is a global public health priority due to its relationships with diminished mental and physical human health. Indigenous communities experience disproportionality high rates of food insecurity as a byproduct of settler-colonial activities, which included forced relocation to rural reservation lands and degradation of traditional subsistence patterns. Many Indigenous communities have worked to revitalize their local food systems by pursuing food sovereignty, regularly expressed as “the right of people to have access to healthy and culturally appropriate foods, while defining their own food systems.” However, little existing guidance is available to assess a community’s ongoing efforts for food sovereignty from a community-wide food systems perspective. The purpose of this review was to describe the scientific literature and identify key Indigenous food sovereignty indicators that may support public health. The seven indicators are: 1) access to resources, 2) production, 3) trade, 4) food consumption, 5) policy, 6) community involvement, and 7) culture. A total of 25 sub-indicators are outlined to allow communities to understand how an indicator is operationalized as well as explore their own community’s progress within each indicator. It is not expected that every indicator and their subcategories will apply fully to any given Indigenous community, but that these indicators should provide a valuable guide to building and assessing efforts to create sustainable and sovereign Indigenous food systems.
A survey of benthic invertebrate communities in native and non-native seagrass beds in St. John, USVI

Abstract Halophila stipulacea, a seagrass native to the Indian Ocean, spread to the Caribbean in 2002. Few studies have explored the spatiotemporal distribution of H. stipulacea throughout the Caribbean and whether native invertebrates utilize this non-native seagrass as habitat. We surveyed the shallow, nearshore subtidal zones of four bays in St. John, US Virgin Islands over a two-year period to assess the abundance of both H. stipulacea and native seagrass species. We then surveyed macroinvertebrate communities in one bay with large areas of H. stipulacea, native seagrasses, and bare substrate to assess how macroinvertebrate species composition varied in these habitats. Our survey of the benthic macroinvertebrates revealed that: (1) native invertebrate species utilize H. stipulacea beds and (2) the density and richness of invertebrates was significantly higher in H. stipulacea beds compared to both native seagrass beds and bare substrate. Our results show that H. stipulacea is a common component of nearshore communities in St. John, USVI and that native invertebrates use H. stipulacea beds as habitat — results that agree with findings from other recent studies. While these findings indicate that native macroinvertebrate species can be abundant in non-native seagrass, further investigation, including experimental manipulations, preference tests, and surveys across broad spatial scales, are required to develop a robust understanding of the ecological impacts of this non-native grass.
Situating cerebral blood flow in the pathotrajectory of head trauma

This chapter will outline the importance of the role that cerebral blood flow (CBF) has in predicting and ultimately mediating outcome following head trauma. Particular focus will be placed on how CBF is regulated in the brain both in normal and pathological situations. Furthermore, the vasodilators and constrictors will be discussed. Finally, this chapter will discuss how CBF influences other pathologies associated with head trauma.
Collagen crosslinks in longissimus muscle from lambs expressing the callipyge gene

The objective of this study was to determine whether increased amounts of collagen and (or) hydroxylysylpyridinoline crosslinks in longissimus muscle are partially responsible for decreased tenderness when callipyge lambs are compared to normal lambs. The longissimus muscle was used because we believe tenderness is a greater problem in loin chops of callipyge lambs than it is in other cuts. Ten normal and 10 half-sibling lambs expressing the callipyge gene were compared. Lambs were slaughtered at approximately 8 mo of age when they reached a target weight of 59 kg. Dressing percentages were higher for the leaner callipyge lambs that exhibited larger longissimus muscle areas and heavier leg weights (P < .01). Warner-Bratzler shear values for longissimus muscle from callipyge lambs were higher (P < .01) than those from normal lambs. The higher shear values were not explained by amount of muscle collagen or by hydroxylysylpyridinoline crosslink concentration because both collagen percentage (P < .09) and crosslink concentration (P < .04) were lower in callipyge lambs. Therefore, attempts to modify shear values and make loin chops from callipyge lambs more acceptable to consumers should focus on the myofibrillar fraction of muscle.
Undergraduate research: students' rewards and challenges

Performing research provides the undergraduate student with a unique and enriching activity. The joys of exploration, innovation and creativity are only a few of the experiences the student goes through when performing research. Nevertheless, heavy course schedules, inadequate preparation until the last (few) semesters in college, and inexperience with group or independent work negatively affect the student's ability to participate or remain engaged in significant research.
Preparation and Analysis of Glycan Microarrays

Determination of the binding specificity of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs), such as lectins, antibodies, and receptors, has traditionally been difficult and laborious. The advent of glycan microarrays has revolutionized the field of glycobiology by allowing simultaneous screening of a GBP for interactions with a large set of glycans in a single format. This unit describes the theory and method for production of two types of glycan microarrays (chemo/enzymatically synthesized and naturally derived), and their application to functional glycomics to explore glycan recognition by GBPs. These procedures are amenable to various types of arrays and a wide range of GBP samples.
Modulation of SCFβ-TrCP-dependent IκBα Ubiquitination by Hydrogen Peroxide

Reactive oxygen species are known to participate in the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, including activation of NF-κB. Recent studies have indicated that increases in intracellular concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have anti-inflammatory effects in neutrophils, including inhibition of the degradation of IκBα after TLR4 engagement. In the present experiments, we found that culture of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated neutrophils and HEK 293 cells with H2O2 resulted in diminished ubiquitination of IκBα and decreased SCFβ-TrCP ubiquitin ligase activity. Exposure of neutrophils or HEK 293 cells to H2O2 was associated with reduced binding between phosphorylated IκBα and SCFβ-TrCP but no change in the composition of the SCFβ-TrCP complex. Lipopolysaccharide-induced SCFβ-TrCP ubiquitin ligase activity as well as binding of β-TrCP to phosphorylated IκBα was decreased in the lungs of acatalasemic mice and mice treated with the catalase inhibitor aminotriazole, situations in which intracellular concentrations of H2O2 are increased. Exposure to H2O2 resulted in oxidative modification of cysteine residues in β-TrCP. Cysteine 308 in Blade 1 of the β-TrCP β-propeller region was found to be required for maximal binding between β-TrCP and phosphorylated IκBα. These findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of H2O2 may result from its ability to decrease ubiquitination as well as subsequent degradation of IκBα through inhibiting the association between IκBα and SCFβ-TrCP.
Information Technology Investment: Decision-Making Methodology (2nd Edition)

From the individual to the largest organization, everyone today has to make investments in IT. Making a smart investment that will best satisfy all the necessary decision-making criteria requires careful and inclusive analysis. This textbook provides an up-to-date, in-depth understanding of the methodologies available to aid in this complex process of multi-criteria decision-making. It guides readers on the process of technology acquisition - what methods to use to make IT investment decisions, how to choose the technology and justify its selection, and how the decision will impact the organization.
Treasures of Gilcrease: Selections from the Permanent Collection

Treasures of Gilcrease: Selections from the Permanent Collection. ANNE MORAND, KEVIN SMITH, DANIEL C. SWAN, AND SARAH ERWIN. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2003. 198 pp.
Separating the Shirkers from the Workers? Making Sure Respondents Pay Attention on Self‐Administered Surveys

Good survey and experimental research requires subjects to pay attention to questions and treatments, but many subjects do not. In this article, we discuss “Screeners” as a potential solution to this problem. We first demonstrate Screeners’ power to reveal inattentive respondents and reduce noise. We then examine important but understudied questions about Screeners. We show that using a single Screener is not the most effective way to improve data quality. Instead, we recommend using multiple items to measure attention. We also show that Screener passage correlates with politically relevant characteristics, which limits the generalizability of studies that exclude failers. We conclude that attention is best measured using multiple Screener questions and that studies using Screeners can balance the goals of internal and external validity by presenting results conditional on different levels of attention.
Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of Spray Transients: Start and End of Injection Phenomena

This work reports investigations on Diesel spray transients, accounting for internal nozzle flow and needle motion, and demonstrates how seamless calculations of internal flow and external jet can be accomplished in a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) framework using an Eulerian mixture model. Sub-grid stresses are modeled with the Dynamic Structure (DS) model, a non-viscosity based one-equation LES model. Two problems are studied with high level of spatial and temporal resolution. The first one concerns an End-Of-Injection (EOI) case where gas ingestion, cavitation, and dribble formation are resolved. The second case is a Start-Of-Injection (SOI) simulation that aims at analyzing the effect of residual gas trapped inside the injector sac on spray penetration and rate of fuel injection. Simulation results are compared against experiments carried out at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) using synchrotron X-ray. A mesh sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess the quality of the LES approach by evaluating the resolved turbulent kinetic energy budget and comparing the outcomes with a length-scale resolution index. LES of both EOI and SOI processes have been carried out on a single hole Diesel injector, providing insights in to the physics of the processes, with internal and external flow details, and linking the phenomena at the end of an injection event to those at the start of a new injection. Concerning the EOI, the model predicts ligament formation and gas ingestion, as observed experimentally, and the amount of residual gas in the nozzle sac matches with the available data. The fast dynamics of the process is described in detail. The simulation provides unique insights into the physics at the EOI. Similarly, the SOI simulation shows how gas is ejected first, and liquid fuel starts being injected with a delay. The simulation starts from a very low needle lift and is able to predict the actual Rate-Of-Injection (ROI) and jet penetration, based only on the prescribed needle motion. Finally, guidelines and future improvements of the model are discussed concerning the simulation of the transient injection phases.
Partial Loss of Genomic Imprinting Reveals Important Roles for Kcnq1 and Peg10 Imprinted Domains in Placental Development.

Mutations in imprinted genes or their imprint control regions (ICRs) produce changes in imprinted gene expression and distinct abnormalities in placental structure, indicating the importance of genomic imprinting to placental development. We have recently shown that a very broad spectrum of placental abnormalities associated with altered imprinted gene expression occurs in the absence of the oocyte–derived DNMT1o cytosine methyltransferase, which normally maintains parent-specific imprinted methylation during preimplantation. The absence of DNMT1o partially reduces inherited imprinted methylation while retaining the genetic integrity of imprinted genes and their ICRs. Using this novel system, we undertook a broad and inclusive approach to identifying key ICRs involved in placental development by correlating loss of imprinted DNA methylation with abnormal placental phenotypes in a mid-gestation window (E12.5-E15.5). To these ends we measured DNA CpG methylation at 15 imprinted gametic differentially methylated domains (gDMDs) that overlap known ICRs using EpiTYPER-mass array technology, and linked these epigenetic measurements to histomorphological defects. Methylation of some imprinted gDMDs, most notably Dlk1, was nearly normal in mid-gestation DNMT1o-deficient placentas, consistent with the notion that cells having lost methylation on these DMDs do not contribute significantly to placental development. Most imprinted gDMDs however showed a wide range of methylation loss among DNMT1o-deficient placentas. Two striking associations were observed. First, loss of DNA methylation at the Peg10 imprinted gDMD associated with decreased embryonic viability and decreased labyrinthine volume. Second, loss of methylation at the Kcnq1 imprinted gDMD was strongly associated with trophoblast giant cell (TGC) expansion. We conclude that the Peg10 and Kcnq1 ICRs are key regulators of mid-gestation placental function.
Chiral ruthenium–terpyridine based metallodendrimers: facile synthesis, characterization, and photophysical studies

The new chiral ligand 4′-[6-(2,2′-diethoxy-1,1′-binaphthyl)]-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (L1) was synthesized in three steps in 47% overall yield starting from 6,6′-dibromo-2,2′-diethoxy-1,1′-binaphthalene. L1 was quantitatively converted to 4′-[6-(2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl)]-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (L2) by treatment with BBr3, while L2 was treated with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride to give to 4′-{6-[2,2′-bis(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl]}-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (L3) in high yields. These new chiral terpyridine ligands L1–3 were coordinated to Ru(III) centers to generate Ru(L1–3)Cl3 which were then treated with the tetrakis(terpyridine) core in the presence of 4-ethylmorpholine to afford chiral Ru(terpy)22+ based metallodendrimers containing enantiopure 1,1′-bi-2-naphthyl units in their peripheries. These chiral metallodendrimers were characterized by NMR, ESI-MS, and cyclic voltammetry, while their photophysical properties were studied using UV-Vis, luminescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopies.
Experiments on Rayleigh-Bénard convection, magnetoconvection and rotating magnetoconvection in liquid gallium

Thermal convection experiments in a liquid gallium layer subject to a uniform rotation and a uniform vertical magnetic field are carried out as a function of rotation rate and magnetic field strength. Our purpose is to measure heat transfer in a low-Prandtl-number (Pr = 0.023), electrically conducting fluid as a function of the applied temperature difference, rotation rate, applied magnetic field strength and fluid-layer aspect ratio. For Rayleigh-Benard (non-rotating, non-magnetic) convection we obtain a Nusselt number-Rayleigh number law Nu = 0.129 Ra 0.272±0.006 over the range 3.0 x 10 3 < Ra < 1.6 x 10 4 . For non-rotating magnetoconvection, we find that the critical Rayleigh number Ra c increases linearly with magnetic energy density, and a heat transfer law of the form Nu ∼ Ra 1/2 . Coherent thermal oscillations are detected in magnetoconvection at ∼ 1.4Ra c . For rotating magnetoconvection, we find that the convective heat transfer is inhibited by rotation, in general agreement with theoretical predictions. At low rotation rates, the critical Rayleigh number increases linearly with magnetic field intensity. At moderate rotation rates, coherent thermal oscillations are detected near the onset of convection. The oscillation frequencies are close to the frequency of rotation, indicating inertially driven, oscillatory convection. In nearly all of our experiments, no well-defined, steady convective regime is found. Instead, we detect unsteady or turbulent convection just after onset.
Correlation of Electrocardiographic Studies and Arteriographic Findings with Angina Pectoris

The relationships among angina pectoris, stress tests, and arteriography are complex. The majority of patients with angina pectoris can be adequately diagnosed by a careful history. Considerable attention to detail and repeated questioning is often necessary before the pain syndrome can be accurately classified. The resting electrocardiogram is of limited value in the diagnosis despite the fact that there is a high positive correlation between abnormal ST-T changes on the electrogram and significant obstructive lesions on coronary arteriograms. The value of the electrocardiogram is enhanced, and its specifiicity and sensitivity increased, when used in combination with exercise stress. The lowest error percentage is achieved by utilizing rate-standardized exercise tests and multiple leads with loads that produce heart rate responses of 80-90% of the expected maximum. Coronary arteriography gives the most specific anatomic information in patients with ischemic cardiac pain but will not directly disclose the cause of the pain. This fact assumes considerable importance when the pain has atypical features or when the patient is in the age group that has a high prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis. Similarly, the presence of past myocardial infarction is likely to be associated with obstructive disease, regardless of the cause of the patient9s current symptoms. The exact role of lipid and other metabolic abnormalities in producing coronary arteriographic changes in the absence of symptoms needs further clarification, although the available data suggest that marked elevations in lipid fractions are frequently associated with atherosclerotic change, regardless of symptoms. Finally, the data imply that the anatomic abnormalities and functional consequences of the coronary atherosclerotic process are more important predictors of the patient9s course than any specific symptomatic expression such as angina pectoris.
The protein composition of reconstituted 30S ribosomal subunits: the effects of single protein omission.

Abstract Using reverse phase HPLC, we have been able to quantify the protein compositions of reconstituted 30S ribosomal subunits, formed either with the full complement of 30S proteins in the reconstitution mix or with a single protein omitted. We denote particles formed in the latter case as SPORE (single protein omission reconstruction) particles. An important goal in 30S reconstitution studies is the formation of reconstituted subunits having uniform protein composition, preferably corresponding to one copy of each protein per reconstituted particle. Here we describe procedures involving variation of the protein:rRNA ratio that approach this goal. In SPORE particles the omission of one protein often results in the partial loss in uptake of other proteins. We also describe procedures to increase the uptake of such proteins into SPORE particles, thus enhancing the utility of the SPORE approach in defining the role of specific proteins in 30S structure and function. The losses of proteins other than the omitted protein provide a measure of protein: protein interaction within the 30S subunit. Most of these losses are predictable on the basis of other such measures. However, we do find evidence for several long-range protein:protein interactions (S6:S3, S6:S12, S10:S16, and S6:S4) that have not been described previously.
Representation of a protein molecule as a tree and application to modular computer programs which calculate and modify atomic coordinates.

The concept and representation of a logical tree as defined in computer science is applied to obtain a suitable representation of protein molecules in computer programs which handle or calculate atomic coordinates of protein molecules. On the basis of this analysis and of the analysis of the calculation and modification of the structure of a protein from bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles, which is reproduced in an appendix, program modules which accomplish the various required computations are described. Three such modules are given in Iverson notation; in fact, it is hoped that this article will serve as a reasonably complete basis for the preparation of machine programs by moderately proficient programmers.
University libraries in Arab countries

(1983). University libraries in Arab countries. International Library Review: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 15-29.
Positive feedbacks associated with erosion of glacial cirques and overdeepenings

The principal points of water input to a glacier are the bergschrund in cirques, and crevasse fields lower on the glacier. Crevasse fields commonly occur over convexities at the heads of overdeepenings in glacier beds. The amplitude of subglacial water-pressure fluctuations is large just down-glacier from these points of water input. Erosion by quarrying is likely in such areas. Erosion is thus inferred to be localized on the headwalls of cirques and overdeepenings. In the case of overdeepenings, this leads to a positive feedback process in which a perturbation in the bed causes crevassing at the surface, resulting in erosional forces that accentuate the perturbation. When subglacial water flows up an adverse bed slope leading out of a cirque or overdeepening, much of the viscous energy dissipated is used to warm the water to keep it at the pressure melting temperature as the ice thins and the pressure decreases. In such situations, subglacial conduits are maintained by high water pressures rather than by melting of conduit walls. In the limit, water pressures apparently become so high that water is forced out along the ice-bed interface and the conduits collapse. The products of erosion are then no longer flushed out, and a protective till layer accumulates. By limiting erosion on such adverse bed slopes, this till layer controls the geometry of these overdeepened basins.
Experience Using Two CT-Guided Stereotactic Biopsy Methods

15 patients had intracranial CT-guided stereotactic biopsies. Biopsies were performed either with a Riechert-Mundinger stereotactic frame modified for use in the CT or by using the CT scan to establis
The effect of assassinations on political institutions: Are the Jones–Olken findings robust?

Jones and Olken (JO; 2009) report that the outcome of an assassination attempt – whether it is successful or not – matters for political institutions. We question how these institutions are classified. Revisiting their methodology shows that their findings are generally robust to reasonable differences in classification, thereby strengthening their conclusions that leadership and luck matter for political outcomes.
Presence or absence of trisomy 11 is correlated with histologic subtype in congenital mesoblastic nephroma

Fluorescence in situ hybridization utilizing a probe for the alpha satellite repeat sequence on chromosome 11 was used to detect variations in the number of chromosomes 11 in 24 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded congenital mesoblastic nephromas. Evidence of trisomy 11 was found in nearly half of the tumors. More importantly, the presence of trisomy 11 was associated with the cellular histologic variant of this tumor.
2D PIC-DSMC simulation of microscale breakdown after vacuum seal failure

An electrostatic particle-in-cell code with complex boundary conditions and direct simulation Monte Carlo particle collisions performed on a separate, adaptable collision mesh is utilized to investigate DC breakdown after vacuum failure. Previously, it has been found that cold field electron emission can explain the breakdown voltage deviation from the Paschen curve measured for small gaps.1,2 Furthermore, prior 1D simulations found that breakdown was sensitive to a fixed non-uniform background neutral gas distribution across the gap and that if the gap size is of order the mean free path then gas concentrated near the anode results in smaller breakdown voltages because electrons reaching the anode have energies near the peak of the ionization cross section.3
The effect of pain cues on the behavior and high and low aggressive boys

To investigate the effects of pain cues on behavior, responses of high and low aggressive boys were followed either by pain cues or by nonpain cues. Overall, pain cues facilitated the rate of responding more than nonpain cues. Furthermore, high aggressive boys whose responses were followed by pain cues made more responses than the low aggressive boys whose responses were followed by pain cues. Finally, more responses were made by the high aggressive boys than by the low aggressive boys.
Evaluation and management of pituitary tumors during pregnancy.

ABSTRACT Objective To review the recommended management of pituitary tumors that occur in pregnant patients. Methods Studies from the literature and personal experience are summarized, and guidelines for optimal maternal and fetal outcome are suggested. Results Tumors are the most common pituitary disorder affecting pregnant patients. Hyperprolactinemia must be corrected to allow ovulation and fertility. Bromocriptine has been shown to be safe for use during early gestation. Patients have less than a 2% risk of microprolactinoma enlargement during pregnancy but approximately a 16% risk of symptomatic enlargement of a macroprolactinoma. Treatment options for patients with macroadenomas include discontinuing bromocriptine therapy when pregnancy is confirmed and reinstituting this treatment if the tumor enlarges; continuous bromocriptine therapy throughout the pregnancy; and prepregnancy surgical debulking of the tumor. The diagnoses of acromegaly and Cushing’s disease are difficult to make during pregnancy. The hormone oversecretion in these conditions may exacerbate tendencies to gestational diabetes, fluid retention, and hypertension. Cushing’s syndrome should be treated during pregnancy, but treatment for acromegaly and other tumors may be deferred. Rare reports have described enlargement of clinically nonfunctioning and growth hormone-secreting tumors during pregnancy, and surveillance is needed. Tumors may need to be distinguished from lymphocytic hypophysitis. Conclusion Physicians should be aware of the normal pituitary changes during pregnancy and the major clinical and laboratory findings associated with pituitary tumors for optimal management of pregnant patients. (Endocr Pract. 1996; 2:287-295)
The Effect of Complete and Incomplete Revascularization on Exercise Variables in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angioplasty

To investigate the effects of complete and incomplete revascularization on the response to exercise, 25 patients underwent symptom-limited exercise testing with continuous assessment of gas exchange a mean of 5 +/- 4 days prior to and 18 +/- 12 days following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. All antianginal medications were discontinued for testing. Revascularization was considered complete if all stenoses were reduced to less than 50% diameter (13 patients), and incomplete if one or more stenoses remained (12 patients). Consistent improvements in ST-segment depression were observed after angioplasty at matched submaximal exercise levels (mean range 0.5-0.8 mm; p less than 0.05), and were accompanied by a reduction in angina. Significant increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure were observed at peak exercise following angioplasty in both groups. Gas exchange variables were significantly improved at maximal exercise, with a similar increase in oxygen uptake observed in both groups following angioplasty (mean increase 3.3-3.7 ml/kg/min; p less than 0.01). Thus, incomplete revascularization following coronary angioplasty resulted in hemodynamic, electrocardiographic, symptomatic, and gas exchange responses to exercise that were comparable to complete revascularization.
Pacifiers' effects upon play and separations from the mother for the one-year-old in a novel environment

To examine whether pacifiers function as attachment objects for infants in an unfamiliar situation, 48 one-year-olds were observed in a standardized playroom. Subjects were accompanied by either their mother, a pacifier, or no special familiar object. Regardless of whether the mothers had rated their infants as pacifier-attached, the pacifier generally promoted more play and longer separation from the mother than no familiar object but less than the mother. The greater the rating of attachment to a pacifier, the more its presence tended to facilitate these nondistressful behaviors. Thus, according to various criteria, the pacifier may be classified as an attachment object, especially since it has similar functional characteristics to other attachments. The findings broaden previous research of attachments to inanimate objects, which had investigated toddlers' relationships to blankets, by demonstrating similar effects with one-year-olds and pacifiers. These results also support prior work relating sucking with reduced physiological and physical activity in the neonate.
Radar Backscattering Properties of Corn And Soybeans at Frequencies of 1.6, 4.75, And 13.3 GHz

Aided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the NASA Johnson Space Center made an observational study of the radar-backscattering properties of corn and soybeans in commercial fields in a test site in Webster County, Iowa. Aircraft-based radar scatterometers measured the backscattering coefficient of the crops at three frequencies, 1.6 GHz (L-band), 4.75 GHz (C-band), and 13.3 GHz (Ku-band), at 10 sensor look-angles (5 to 50 degrees from the nadir in steps of 5 degrees), and with several polarization combinations. They produced 50 combinations of frequency, look-angle, and polarization for analysis for about 80 fields on two flight dates.
Skin rash associated with Sinemet does not equal levodopa allergy.

Sinemet or carbidopa/levodopa (C/L) is the major formulation of dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor/levodopa in the United States and is available in three doses: 10/100, 25/100, and 25/250. Skin rash has been associated with the yellow dye in the 25/100 formulation.1 We report two patients with rashes resulting from C/L 25/100 who were switched to different levodopa formulations not containing yellow dye without difficulty. ### Case 1. A 63-year-old man was diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD) in 1999 at a movement disorders clinic after a 2-year history of left hand tremor and slowness. Initial treatment with selegiline and pramipexole resulted in good clinical benefit. Because of increasing disability, C/L 25/100 three times daily was added in 2003. While this helped his symptoms significantly, within 14 days a maculopapular rash developed over the trunk and arms. C/L was abruptly discontinued, and the rash resolved, but returned a few months later, when this agent was re-initiated. The patient found …
Dissociation of single cells from lung or kidney tissue with elastase.

Experiments were conducted to determine the capacity of various enzyme preparations to dissociate single cells from guinea pig lung tissue. The number of cells separated from tissue progressively increased as the concentration of crude trypsin was increased from 25 to 250 mg per 100 ml. This action could be inhibited by soy bean trypsin inhibitor. Elastase, but not ethylenediaminetetraacetate (disodium salt), crystalline trypsin, nor chymotrypsin, dissociated cells from lung tissues. Crude trypsin (Trypsin 1∶300) was found to contain 3.0 Sachar units of elastase per mg. Elastase was also inhibited by soy bean trypsin inhibitor. Only some collagenase preparations dissociated cells from lung tissue. Impure bacterial proteases dissociated lung cells. Our data suggest that the term “trypsinization” to denote dissociation of cells from tissue with crude preparations of trypsin is misleading and should be discontinued.
Compositional heterogeneity of distal tephra deposits from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska

Abstract Physical and chemical analyses of distal tephra from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska, show considerable variations in glass and mineral compositions. A combination of a 150°C range in temperature deduced from iron-titanium oxide geothermometry, and curved patterns in bivariant element plots of glass compositions indicate that a chamber of compositionally zoned magma existed prior to the eruption. Magma-mixing cannot explain these features. The magma chamber may have resembled the model recently proposed by McBirney (1980). A highly silicic, quartz-phyric magma with mean phenocryst compositions of An 25 plagioclase, Fs 42 orthopyroxene, at a temperature of 880°C and a water pressure of 1.4 kbar, was located above a more mafic, hotter magma, bearing phenocrysts of An 45 plagioclase and Fs 35 , orthopyroxene. Our results on distal tephras compare favorably with those from a recently completed study at source by Hildreth (1983), suggesting that useful petrologic information about distant volcanoes can be obtained from both types of deposits. Compositionally heterogeneous abyssal tephra layers are common in the Gulf of Alaska. Eruptions from chambers of zoned magma may account for many of these layers.
Trifluoromethylperoxyphoshoryl difluoride, CF3OOPOF2 and trifluoromethoxyphosphoryl difluoride, CF3OPOF2

Abstract The new compounds CF 3 OOPOF 2 and CF 3 OPOF 2 have been prepared by the reaction of trifluoromethyl-hydroperoxide, CF 3 OOH, with μ-oxo-bis-(phosphoryl difluoride), P 2 O 3 F 4 , and difluorophosphine-μ-oxo-phosphoryl difluoride, P 2 O 2 F 4 . Infrared and NMR spectra, physical properties and some chemical reactions are reported for the compounds.