cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A relaxation response training for women undergoing breast biopsy: exploring integrated care.

Abstract Background Recent changes in clinical guideline recommendations for age of breast cancer screening initiation highlighted the potential psychological ramifications associated with screening. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a brief Relaxation Response training (RRT) to decrease distress among women undergoing breast biopsy. Methods Women scheduled for percutaneous core-needle biopsy were recruited into a single-arm RRT trial, including 3 individual sessions. Psychosocial assessments were completed pre- and postintervention. Results Forty women were enrolled between 6/1/10 and 8/31/11. Among enrollees, 75% completed all 3 RRT sessions, and 75% completed the post-assessment. Participants showed significant reductions in acute distress following each RRT session. Qualitative feedback indicated a positive impact of RRT on clinic care experiences. Conclusions RRT is a portable intervention that was feasible to implement, acceptable to patients and associated with significant decreases in acute emotional distress during the period of diagnostic uncertainty related to percutaneous breast biopsy.
Forgiving Life: A Discussion of “Hans and Me”

This case discussion explores what “healthy” mourning means, and how we can become better able to bear life's inevitable losses.
A Proposed Entry Vehicle Dynamic Model

A theory is proposed in this paper which provides an explanation and a mechanism for the dynamic stability problem of re-entry vehicles. The approach is based on the random fluctuating surface pressures present in the boundary layer when boundary-layer transition moves on to the vehicle aft end. These fluctuating pressures, when integrated circumferentially, produce a net fluctuating lateral load and therefore a fluctuating moment about the vehicle e.g. which can tune with the fundamental re-entry vehicle pitch frequency and feed energy into the system. The vehicle then becomes unstable and diverges. It will be shown that with this formulation there now exists a mechanism which can make flight vehicles enter the divergence region, as well as, exit; a requirement not fulfilled by any of the theories proposed to date, except hypothetically. In addition, the magnitude of the angle-of-attack divergence can potentially be predicted prior to flight with this technique. The present analytical model was applied to flight vehicles having no unusual configuration characteristics which could drastically perturb the local flow conditions. The results indicate extremely good correlation with flight data whether the vehicles are sharp or blunt, small or large, and for all types of heat shields.
Total and Regional Myocardial Blood Flow Measurements with 25µ, 15µ, 9µ, and Filtered 1-10µ Diameter Microspheres and Antipyrine in Dogs and Sheep

The accuracy of regional myocardial blood flow measurements made with microspheres of different sizes is uncertain. Therefore, we simultaneously injected radioactive microspheres of different sizes into the left atria of dogs and sheep; the microsphere diameters were 25µ, 15µ, 9µ, 1-l0µ, and filtered 1-10µ (most > 7µ). Antipyrine was sometimes simultaneously infused for 15-60 seconds. Myocardial blood flow was altered by hemorrhage, tachycardia, supravalvar aortic constriction, or infusion of methoxamine or adenosine triphosphate; left coronary artery branches were occluded on two occasions. Sometimes the percent of untrapped microspheres was estimated. All sizes of microspheres measured similar total myocardial blood flows when the percent of untrapped microspheres was known. All indicators were distributed identically to the right and left ventricular free walls and septum; ischemic areas had a 1% excess of antipyrine. With any pair of microspheres, the larger had a subendocardial excess except for 25µ ...
Asynchronous stoichiometric response in lithium iron phosphate batteries

Operando energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction (EDXRD) was carried out on a newly formed 8 Ah lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery with the goal of elucidating the origin of asynchronous phase transformation commonly seen with in situ x-ray diffraction studies. The high-energy photons at the NSLS X17B1 beamline allow for penetration into a fully assembled battery and therefore negate any need for a specially designed in situ cell which often uses modified current collectors to minimize x-ray attenuation. Spatially-and-temporally resolved phase-mapping was conducted with a semiquantitative reference intensity ratio (RIR) analysis to estimate the relative abundance of the delithiated phase. The data show an asynchronous response in the stoichiometry versus the electrochemical profile and suggest limited diffusion in the electrode toward the end of discharge. Our results confirm that the asynchronous electrode response is not just limited to specially designed cells but occurs in fully assembled cells alike. We attribute this behavior to be a consequence of performing a local measurement over a wide-area heterogeneous reaction.
Expressing Boolean cube matrix algorithms in shared memory primitives

The multiplication of (large) matrices allocated evenly on Boolean cube configured multiprocessors poses several interesting trade-offs with respect to communication time, processor utilization, and storage requirement. In [7] we investigated several algorithms for different degrees of parallelization, and showed how the choice of algorithm with respect to performance depends on the matrix shape, and the multiprocessor parameters, and how processors should be allocated optimally to the different loops.In this paper the focus is on expressing the algorithms in shared memory type primitives. We assume that all processors share the same global address space, and present communication primitives both for nearest-neighbor communication, and global operations such as broadcasting from one processor to a set of processors, the reverse operation of plus-reduction, and matrix transposition (dimension permutation). We consider both the case where communication is restricted to one processor port at a time, or concurrent communication on all processor ports. The communication algorithms are provably optimal within a factor of two. We describe both constant storage algorithms, and algorithms with reduced communication time, but a storage need proportional to the number of processors and the matrix sizes (for a one-dimensional partitioning of the matrices).
Continuous Monitoring of Radioactivity of Effluent from a High-Speed Amino Acid Analyzer, with a New System of Sample Segmentation

Radioactivity in the effluents from high-speed liquid chromatographic analyzers was continuously measured by use of a new sample segmentation system. To achieve highest counting efficiency, the column effluents were mixed with scintillation fluid carrying small segments of semisolid, resilient spacer. After passing through a mixer, the mixture was passed through a hollow-tube flow cell mounted in a liquid scintillation spectrometer. Because the added spacer acts like a continuous series of pistons, it unifies flow rate at center and walls of the conduit and so decreases sample carryover. This system was applied to measurement of radioactivity in the effluent of a high-speed amino acid analyzer, in which some amino acids emerge at 30-s intervals. The resulting profiles were as well resolved as were the ninhydrin-color profiles. Counting efficiencies for tritium and carbon-14 were comparable to those obtained by static counting in vials.
Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Polymer and Clay Platelet Orientation in Blown Films Based on Polypropylene‐Clay Nanocomposite

The tilted film transmission infrared spectroscopy method was used to characterize the biaxial orientation in a set of blown films containing polypropylene (PP), layered silicate nano-reinforcement, and two different compatibilizing agents based on maleic-anhydride-grafted PP. Both interactive spectral subtraction and peak fitting were used to determine trichroic ratios. The biaxial orientation of the polymer chains could be clearly quantified according to well-established relationships for PP. In addition, the clay platelet orientation could be determined from the trichroism of the Si-O stretching bands around 1100 -1000 cm -1 . The clay orientation was found to be quite high (Hermans orientation function around +0.8) and was not significantly affected by the presence of compatibilizing agent.
When genomes collide: multiple modes of germline misregulation in a dysgenic syndrome of Drosophila virilis

In sexually reproducing species the union of gametes that are not closely related can result in genomic incompatibility. Hybrid dysgenic syndromes represent a form of genomic incompatibility that can arise when transposable element (TE) abundance differs between two parents. When TEs lacking in the female parent are transmitted paternally, a lack of corresponding silencing small RNAs (piRNAs) transmitted through the female germline can lead to TE mobilization in progeny. The epigenetic nature of this phenomenon is demonstrated by the fact that genetically identical females of the reciprocal cross are normal. Here we show that in the hybrid dysgenic syndrome of Drosophila virilis, an excess of paternally inherited TE families leads not only to increased expression of these TEs, but also coincides with derepression of TEs in equal abundance within parents. Moreover, TE derepression is stable as flies age and associated with piRNA biogenesis defects for only some TEs. At the same time, TE activation is associated with a genome wide shift in the distribution of endogenous gene expression and an increase in abundance of off-target genic piRNAs. To identify regions of the maternal genome that most protect against dysgenesis, we performed an F3 backcross analysis. We find that pericentric regions play a dominant role in maternal protection. This F3 backcross approach additionally allowed us to clarify the properties of genic paramutation in D. virilis. Overall, results support a model in which early germline events in dysgenesis establish a chronic, stable state of mis-expression that is maintained through adulthood. Such early events in the germline that are mediated by parent-of-origin effects may be important in determining patterns of gene expression in natural populations.
Exploring Population Admixture Dynamics via Distribution of LACS

By comparing the distribution of LACS in admixed population with those of various hypothesized scenarios, we could find the scenario with distribution of LACS best fit the observed distribution. Based on 491,526 autosomal SNPs genotyped in thousands of African Americans, we found that a continuous gene flow model, in which African Americans continuously received gene flow from European parental population over about 14 generations, best explained the admixture dynamics of African Americans among several putative scenarios. On the contrary, the admixture dynamics of Mexicans was more likely to be explained by a gradual admixture model in which Mexicans continuously received gene flow from both European and Amerindian parental populations for about 24 generations.
Copyright and Incomplete Historiographies: Of Piracy, Propertization, and Thomas Jefferson

This article describes how historical claims frequently made in arguments about the propertization of copyright are incomplete, focusing on three examples: that intellectual property is a much older phrase than current scholarship would lead one to believe; that, regardless, copyright has been understood as property (literary, artistic, etc.) since the 18th century; that infringement of all sorts have generally been called piracy for at least that long; and that appeals to Thomas Jefferson for weaker intellectual property rights are misplaced for multiple reasons. Because copyright has been viewed as property for hundreds of years, scholars who connect the increasing strength of copyright to the rise of the phrase intellectual property must make an argument completely absent from the literature - that intellectual property somehow hypnotizes in a way that literary property or plain old property did not. The paper then turns to analysis of the propertization claims themselves, showing the limits of these arguments and suggesting directions in which this scholarship might go. Finally, the paper proposes that the actual reason commentators are increasingly uncomfortable with copyright as property is the boundaries problem - the fuzziness of a copyright's borders in a world where many more people are creating and recreating expression as their vocations and avocations. As more and more of us emigrate to the realm of expression, the demands for both expressive property and expressive space put tremendous pressure on the copyright system.
Racial Differences in Pediatric Emergency Department Triage Scores.

Abstract Background Racial disparities are frequently reported in emergency department (ED) care. Objectives To examine racial differences in triage scores of pediatric ED patients. We hypothesized that racial differences existed but could be explained after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors. Methods We examined all visits to two urban, pediatric EDs between August 2009 and March 2010. Demographic and clinical data were electronically extracted from the medical record. We used logistic regression to analyze racial differences in triage scores, controlling for possible covariates. Results There were 54,505 ED visits during the study period, with 7216 (13.2%) resulting in hospital admission. White patients accounted for 36.4% of visits, African Americans 28.5%, Hispanics 18.0%, Asians 4.1%, and American Indians 1.8%. After adjusting for potential confounders, African American (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.69–2.12), Hispanic (aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.55–2.02), and American Indian (aOR 2.57, 95% CI 1.80–3.66) patients received lower-acuity triage scores than Whites. In three out of four subgroup analyses based on presenting complaints (breathing difficulty, abdominal pain, fever), African Americans and Hispanics had higher odds of receiving low-acuity triage scores. No racial differences were detected for patients with presenting complaints of laceration/head injury/arm injury. However, among patients admitted to the hospital, African Americans (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.13–1.90) and Hispanics (aOR 1.71, CI 1.22–2.39) received lower-acuity triage scores than Whites. Conclusion After adjusting for available sociodemographic and clinical covariates, African American, Hispanic, and American Indian patients received lower-acuity triage scores than Whites.
A Progressive Reading, Writing, and Artistic Module to Support Scientific Literacy.

Scientific literacy, marked by the ability and willingness to engage with scientific information, is supported through a new genre of citizen science—course-based research in association with undergraduate laboratories. A three-phased progressive learning module was developed to enhance student engagement in such contexts while supporting three learning outcomes: I) present an argument based on evidence, II) analyze science and scientists within a social context, and III) experience, reflect upon, and communicate the nature of scientific discovery. Phase I entails guided reading and reflection of citizen science–themed texts. In Phase II, students write, peer-review, and edit position and counterpoint papers inspired by the following prompt, “Nonscientists should do scientific research.” Phase III involves two creative assignments intended to communicate the true nature of science. Students work collaboratively to develop public service announcement–like poster campaigns to debunk a common misconception about the nature of science or scientists. Individually, they create a work of art to communicate a specific message about the raw experience of performing scientific research. Suggestions for implementation and modifications are provided. Strengths of the module include the development of transferable skills, temporal distribution of grading demands, minimal in-class time needed for implementation, and the inclusion of artistic projects to support affective learning domains. This citizen science–themed learning module is an excellent complement to laboratory coursework, as it serves to surprise, challenge, and inspire students while promoting disciplinary values.
Unlawful Assembly as Social Control

Recent public protests from Occupy to Ferguson have highlighted anew the offense of unlawful assembly. This Article advances the simple but important thesis that contemporary approaches to unlawful assembly cede too much discretion to law enforcement. Too many unlawful assembly provisions neglect important elements of earlier statutory formulations. They also ignore constitutional principles meant to constrain the scope and extent of discretionary enforcement of social control by public authorities. In doing so, they fall short of the aspirations of the First Amendment — stifling dissent, muting expression, and ultimately weakening the democratic experiment. We can do better. We can start by reclaiming a more measured approach to unlawful assembly that recognizes both constitutional and common sense limitations.
Ureteroscopy clinical applications in urology

Objective:To investigate the ureteroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of urological clinical value.Methods:From March 2004 to January 2010 ureteroscopic diagnosis and treatment techniques were 416 cases of urinary system diseases, including 387 cases of ureteroscopic therapy, used in diagnosis of 29 patients (side).Results:Ureteral calculi stones in the lower success rate was 96.8%(176/182), ureteral stone stone success rate was 69.6%(56/81).The diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract diseases in children under the application of ureteroscopy satisfactory effect.Lower urinary tract stones in adults, especially in patients with urethral stricture ureteroscopy good effect.19 patients for the diagnosis of minimally invasive way to clear the diagnosis.Operation failed in 4 cases, serious complications occurred in 12 cases.Conclu-sion:The wide clinical application in urology ureteroscopy for lower ureteral stones in the preferred ureteroscope, minimally invasive treatment for pediatric urology has unique advantages in other common urological diseases, application of minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of choice.
Effectiveness of Health Education on AIDS for Medical Students Based on Students' Corporation Acquisition

Objective To investigate the efficacy of AIDS health education and provide AIDS prevention education on medical college students.Methods Grades 1-4 of medical students were chosen randomly using cluster sampling method.The same questionnaires were answered before and after the health education by members of a students' association.Data were statistically analyzed and the impacts were evaluated.Results After the intervention,the students learned more knowledge about AIDS,including the basic knowledge,AIDS transmission routes,epidemic situation,manners and active intention for AIDS prevention(p0.05).The awareness on public health was strengthened.However,some students made little progress on attitude towards AIDS,Conclusion Students' association based health education shows obvious effectiveness,but limitation still exists.
Motor Function in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

The evidence supporting a role of abnormal motor function in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is reviewed. Symptoms commonly present in IBS patients, such as vomiting, diarrhea, constipation or incomplete rectal evacuation, indicate that a motor disorder is implicit as either a primary or secondary disturbance. Physiological studies implicate a disturbance of transit through the small bowel and proximal colon, and abnormal motor responses of the rectum to distention in IBS patients. Intestinal contractions (physiological or ‘abnormal’) are associated with the sensation of pain, suggesting that these contractions are interactions between abnormal motor and sensory functions in IBS. Therapies aimed at correcting abnormal transit or antispasmodics are the main pharmacological approaches to the relief of IBS, and, although the latter are not always effective in the long term response to treatment, they support the role of dysmotility in IBS. Most novel therapies under trial probably modulate both sensory and motor functions, and are discussed briefly. In summary, the weight of clinical, physiological and pharmacological evidence supports a role of abnormal motility in IBS.
Leukocytosis and presence of CALR mutation is associated with non-hepatosplenic extramedullary hematopoiesis in primary myelofibrosis.

Leukocytosis and presence of CALR mutation is associated with non-hepatosplenic extramedullary hematopoiesis in primary myelofibrosis
DO INSTITUTIONS MITIGATE THE RISK OF NATURAL RESOURCE CONFLICTS

The resource curse, as manifested by an increased likelihood of conflict over rents, can be mitigated by institutions. Lei and Michaels find that discoveries of “giant” oil fields increase the likelihood of violent conflict, but they find no evidence that democratic institutions mitigate this risk. We test whether institutions mitigate the resource curse by reducing the risk of natural resource conflicts. Our results indicate that high quality economic institutions reduce the likelihood of territorial (separatist) conflicts following natural resource rent windfalls. Highly autocratic and highly democratic institutions also reduce the likelihood of territorial conflict after natural resource rent windfalls. (JEL Q34, O13, P48, D74)
Cook/Chill Foodservice Systems: Microbiological Quality of Beef Loaf at Five Process Stages

Preparation and service of hot entrees in hospital cook/chill foodservice systems require two heat processes. After preparation and mixing, beef loaves composed of ground beef and eggs were heat-processed initially to end-point temperatures of 45, 60, 75, or 90 C in a convection oven operating at 121 ± 6 C; stored 24 h at 6 ± 1 C; portioned into 100-g slices; and single portions were microwave-heated to ⩾ 74 C. Four heat treatments of beef loaves were compared to a fifth treatment which excluded initial heating. Quality of beef loaf was evaluated by mesophilic and psychrotrophic aerobic plate counts, coliform counts, streptococcal counts and pH. Microbial reductions caused by handling and processing were: aerobic mesophilic plate count, 88 to 99%; psychrotrophic aerobic plate count and coliform count, ⩾ 99%; and streptococcal count, 71-99%. Increasing end-point temperature of initial heat processing consistently (P ⩽ 0.05) decreased mesophilic and psychrotrophic aerobic plate counts. Coliform counts and streptococcal counts did not show a statistical relationship to end-point temperature of initial heat processing. No statistically significant differences existed in any microbiological counts among five treatments of beef loaf portions after microwave-heating. Varying end-point temperature of initial processing had no consistent statistical effect on the pH of beef portions. Temperatures of ⩾ 74 C for microwave-heating of beef portions after chilled storage and before service are strongly recommended since chilling 5000 g of beef loaf to ⩽ 7 C required 10 to 14 h at 6 C.
Follicular B Cell Lymphoma with Accompanying Ischemic Gastritis Completely Resolved by Rituximab

BACKGROUND Follicular B cell lymphomas account for a significant portion of all newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. While involvement can be varied, the most common extranodal presentation is within the gastrointestinal tract beyond the stomach. In addition, the stomach has a diffuse multivessel vascular supply, which decreases the likelihood of developing ischemic gastritis. CASE REPORT An 89-year-old woman with history of diabetes, deep venous thromboembolism, and hypertension was referred due to a newly diagnosed retroperitoneal mass. Biopsy of a left para-aortic node was consistent with low-grade follicular B cell lymphoma. Following mainstream treatment guidelines, rituximab was administered. Approximately 12 hours later, the patient presented to the Emergency Department with intractable vomiting and nausea. After admission, an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed extensive ischemic gastritis. Due to recurrent ascites requiring frequent paracenteses, and the clinical aggressiveness of the patient's underlying lymphoma, a second dose of rituximab was administered with concurrent initiation of total parenteral nutrition. Approximately 1 week later, the patient underwent a repeat EGD for quality of life planning while in hospice. The repeat EGD revealed resolved ischemic gastritis. Her diet was advanced and she was subsequently discharged home. CONCLUSIONS Rituximab alone shows promise in treating extensive follicular B cell lymphoma complicated by ischemic gastritis, which has not been previously reported in the literature.
New Therapies for Brain Edema

Brain edema is still an extremely important complication of brain tumors and strokes; it is the principle factor responsible for the secondary effects which complicate these brain diseases [15]. There has been no major advance in therapy since glucosteroids were introduced by Galicich and French in 1959 [17]. At the same time there has been a dramatic improvement in our understanding of the pathologic process since the first Brain Edema Symposium in 1965 [23]. If the therapy of edema is to progress it is likely that this will occur through an increased understanding of the pathophysiology of the process and assessment of the secondary effects of edema upon the brain. An immediate need is to understand these secondary effects [29]. It is also necessary to have some technique for evaluating and monitoring the degree of edema in patients.
Claartje Rasterhoff, Painting and Publishing as Creative Industries: The Fabric of Creativity in the Dutch Republic, 1580-1800

Claartje Rasterhoff, Painting and Publishing as Creative Industries: The Fabric of Creativity in the Dutch Republic, 1580-1800 (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017, 344 pp. isbn 9789089647023).
Packet loss concealment with recurrent neural networks for wireless inertial pose tracking

Inertial sensing is a technology that enables motion capture outside of well-defined studio environments. Yet, there are several hurdles that have to be overcome in order to achieve a high-quality user experience. Among them is enabling robust wireless communication. Thanks to strict requirements on throughput and far-field operation along with existing issues of occlusion and client interference, packet-loss rates in wireless inertial-sensing systems can amplify pose-tracking errors by as much as 39%. In this paper, we develop a new type of sequence-predictors based on long short-term memory neural networks that can be used to significantly conceal packet losses for inertial pose-tracking. To lower computational overheads, we systematically exploit spatio-temporal correlations of data and distribute sensor loads among multiple predictors. Through experiments conducted with 3.5 hrs. of high-frequency inertial motion-capture data, we demonstrate that our approach is able to fully conceal packet losses at rates of up to 20%.
Abstract 17930: Differences in Baseline Arterial and Venous Platelet Reactivity in Stable and Unstable Coronary Artery Disease

Introduction: P2Y 12 inhibition is the basis of treatment in patients with ischemic heart disease and those undergoing coronary stenting. Baseline and residual platelet reactivity as well as efficacy of P2Y 12 inhibition have been examined via platelet function assays based on peripheral venous blood sampling. Hypothesis: We sought to examine regional differences in baseline platelet reactivity between the coronary and peripheral venous and arterial circulation. Methods: Twenty-three P2Y 12 inhibitor-naive patients undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled. Regional differences in baseline platelet reactivity, measured through the VerifyNow P2Y 12 assay, were determined between near simultaneous collections of blood samples drawn from the peripheral vein (PV), femoral artery (FA), right (RCA) and left (LCA) coronary arteries. Results: Mean age was 60.1 ± 10.8 years and 61% were male patients. Clinically, 39% of the patients presented with stable angina, 26% presented with unstable angina and 35% presented with a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Mean platelet reactivity was significantly lower in the PV (237.5 ± 45.3 PRU units) compared with the FA (255.2 ± 47.4 PRU units), LCA (261.4 ± 48.1 PRU units) and RCA (283.5 ± 41.7 PRU units) ( P values Conclusions: Intra-coronary platelet reactivity differs significantly from peripheral venous and arterial circulation. Across various subgroups, platelet reactivity is highest in the coronary circulation, particularly in the right coronary artery, and lowest in the peripheral vein.
Mulk Raj Anand. The Trilogy comprising The Village, Across the Black Waters and The Sword and the Sickle

(2016). Mulk Raj Anand. The Trilogy comprising The Village, Across the Black Waters and The Sword and the Sickle. South Asian Review: Vol. 37, The Miscellany, pp. 162-165.
Introduction to the Virtual Issue Alcohol and Epigenetic Regulation: Do the Products of Alcohol Metabolism Drive Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression in Alcohol-Related Disorders?

Epigenetic regulation, the persistent change in the gene regulatory state following a transient environmental perturbation, has become increasingly prominent in accounting for the consequences of exposure to addictive substances, including alcohol (ethanol). The purpose of this Virtual Issue is to draw attention to some of the recent advances in our understanding of how consumption of alcohol impacts the epigenetic landscape and causes such persistent changes in the regulation of gene expression and cellular function that affect behavior or disease susceptibility well after the alcohol challenge has occurred. Articles that recently appeared in ACER are placed in the context of the broader relevant literature and emerging opportunities. A key question we highlight relates to the role of ethanol metabolism in altering the spatiotemporal epigenetic landscape.
The Mirror Stage

The moment an infant discovers its reflection marks an important stage in child development. Early twentieth-century psychologist and neuropsychiatrist Henri Wallon studied the difference between t...
The Role of Lipid Mediators in Oxygen-Induced Lung Injury

Oxygen therapy has been incorporated in the treatment of critically ill patients of all ages since the 1930’s. Although often life saving in this context, prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen is toxic to all cells, particularly those comprising the alveolar-capillary unit of the lung. Pulmonary oxygen toxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome, and among premature neonates oxygen injury is believed to play a central role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity.
Welfare reform and the subject of the working mother: “Get a job, a better job, then a career”

Until 1996, poor single mothers in the United States could claim welfare benefits for themselves and their children under the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program if they had no other source of income. With the 1996 passage of the Personal Responsibility Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), paid work and work-related activities became a mandatory condition for receiving aid. At the same time, the law promotes marriage as a route out of poverty. Using a feminist reinterpretation of Althusser’s concept of interpellation, I turn to Job Clubs, mandatory week-long workshops that teach job search skills, to analyze the citizen-subject generated by front-line representatives of the state in the context of this new legislation. Based on participant-observation, I conclude that while PRWORA ostensibly promotes both marriage and paid employment, Job Club trainers enforced a masculine worker-citizen subject through the deployment of three discursive strategies. These discursive strategies 1) promoted paid work over welfare-receipt as both a pragmatic and moral choice, 2) posited an individual-psychological account of women’s welfare receipt, and 3) portrayed parenting skills as marketable skills. In the conclusion, I speculate that current welfare reform efforts require the generation of a self-reproducing worker-citizen and that workshops like Job Club become a site in which the existence of this autonomous citizen is affirmed.
Managing the Flood of Codes: maintaining patient problem lists in the era of Meaningful Use and ICD10

In a medical record, the problem list is a centralized place where healthcare providers can summarize key clinical information about patients. While problem-oriented medical records have been promulgated since Larry Weed described them in 1968, recent advances in health information technologies, evolution in clinical workflows and the emergence of several federal programs have elevated the importance of up to date problem lists. However, each of these forces have also added requirements to how problem lists are structured, formatted and used. For example, current federal programs encourage healthcare providers using electronic health record systems to document problem lists using either SNOMED CT or ICD-9, while federal reimbursement practices are migrating towards ICD-10. None of these problem list standards have been demonstrated to be usable for direct problem list entry. Busy healthcare providers have found it challenging to maintain patient problem lists that accommodate these requirements while also performing other necessary tasks, such as electronic prescribing and test ordering. In this presentation, we will discuss the state of science around creating and maintaining structured problem lists that accommodate numerous external requirements, and demonstrate examples of tools that put this science into practice.
Israel, Zionism, and the Jews

The reader might ask why I spend so much time on Israel, Zionism, and the Jews. Well, it is a cultural thing. I was raised in a liberal Jewish household.
Inhibition and decision-processing speed are associated with performance on dynamic posturography in older adults

Changes in cognition due to age have been associated with falls and reduced standing postural control. Sensory integration is one component of postural control that may be influenced by certain aspects of cognitive functioning. This study investigated associations between measures of cognitive function and sensory integration capabilities for healthy young and older adults. Dynamic posturography was performed using the Equitest Sensory Organization Test (SOT) protocol to evaluate sensory integration during standing using sway-referencing of the platform and/or visual scene to alter somatosensory and visual inputs. The Equilibrium Score was used as a measure of sway. Cognitive testing examined aspects of cognitive function that have been associated with falls in older adults. A correlational analysis investigated associations between the cognitive measures and postural sway during the altered sensory conditions of the SOT. For older subjects only, slower decision-processing speed was associated with increased sway during SOT conditions whenever somatosensation was altered. Reduced perceptual inhibition was associated with increased sway whenever somatosensation was intact, and particularly when vision was altered in the presence of somatosensation. Visuospatial construct ability was associated with sway only when the eyes were closed during altered somatosensation. Task-switching was associated with sway only when vision and somatosensation were intact. With increased age, deficits in decision speed and inhibition appear associated with the sensory integration crucial for balance maintenance. Associations are modulated by the availability of somatosensation and vision. These associations define situations and individual differences in aspects of cognition that may relate to situational loss of balance in older adults.
Development and validation of a new method for indirect estimation of neonatal, infant, and child mortality trends using summary birth histories.

Background The addition of neonatal (NN) mortality targets in the Sustainable Development Goals highlights the increased need for age-specific quantification of mortality trends, detail that is not provided by summary birth histories (SBHs). Several methods exist to indirectly estimate trends in under-5 mortality from SBHs; however, efforts to monitor mortality trends in important age groups such as the first month and first year of life have yet to utilize the vast amount of SBH data available from household surveys and censuses. Methods and findings We analyzed 243 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 76 countries, which collected both complete and SBHs from 8.5 million children from 2.3 million mothers to develop a new empirically based method to indirectly estimate time trends in age-specific mortality. We used complete birth history (CBH) data to train a discrete hazards generalized additive model in order to predict individual hazard functions for children based on individual-, mother-, and country-year-level covariates. Individual-level predictions were aggregated over time by assigning probability weights to potential birth years from mothers from SBH data. Age-specific estimates were evaluated in three ways: using cross-validation, using an external database of an additional 243 non-DHS census and survey data sources, and comparing overall under-5 mortality to existing indirect methods. Our model was able to closely approximate trends in age-specific child mortality. Depending on age, the model was able to explain between 80% and 95% of the variation in the validation data. Bias was close to zero in every age, with median relative errors spanning from 0.96 to 1.09. For trends in all under-5s, performance was comparable to the methods used for the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and significantly better than the standard indirect (Brass) method, especially in the 5 years preceding a survey. For the 15 years preceding surveys, the new method and GBD methods could explain more than 95% of the variation in the validation data for under-5s, whereas the standard indirect variants tested could only explain up to 88%. External validation using census and survey data found close agreement with concurrent direct estimates of mortality in the NN and infant age groups. As a predictive method based on empirical data, one limitation is that potential issues in these training data could be reflected in the resulting application of the method out of sample. Conclusions This new method for estimating child mortality produces results that are comparable to current best methods for indirect estimation of under-5 mortality while additionally producing age-specific estimates. Use of such methods allows researchers to utilize a massive amount of SBH data for estimation of trends in NN and infant mortality. Systematic application of these methods could further improve the evidence base for monitoring of trends and inequalities in age-specific child mortality.
Neuropathological Findings in a Case of IFIH1-Related Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome.

Aicardi–Goutieres syndrome (AGS) is a rare syndrome characterized by calcification, diffuse demyelination, and variable degree of brain atrophy. The syndrome is genetically heterogeneous with mutat...
J. Liberty Tadd, Who Are You?.

This study examines the formation, structure, and program of the Public Industrial Art School of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the two men who directed it during its brief existence between 1880 and 1916, Charles Godfrey Leland and J. Liberty Tadd. Special emphasis is given to the pedagogical theory articulated by Tadd. His theoretical posture, and the methodology he describes, underpinned the instructional program of the Art School and determined its unique influence. An analysis of the school, the theories of Leland and Tadd, and their influence upon contemporary practice in art education conclude the study.
When political solutions for acute conflict in Yemen seem distant, demand for reproductive health services is immediate: a programme model for resilient family planning and post-abortion care services

The political situation in Yemen has been precarious since 2011 when popular protest broke out amid the Arab Spring, calling for President Saleh to step down. In March 2015, a Houthi insurgency took control of the capital, Sana'a and ignited a civil conflict that is now characterised by foreign political and military involvement. Since 2015, health facilities have been a primary target for airstrikes and bombing. Seaports have been blockaded barring the delivery of essential medicines and supplies, contributing to the near collapse of an already fragile health system. Since 2012, Save the Children (SC) has been implementing a Family Planning (FP) and Post-abortion Care (PAC) programme in two governorates heavily affected by the conflict. Despite the risks associated with the conflict, there remains a strong demand for SC's FP and PAC services. Ongoing programmatic support and capacity strengthening have allowed quality FP and PAC services to continue for Yemenis even when humanitarian access is impeded. Since the onset of conflict in March 2015, 16 facilities provided services to 43,218 new FP clients (with 23% accepting a long-acting method) and treated 3627 women with PAC. Over 93% of FP clients would recommend FP services at the facility to a friend or family member. Findings support growing evidence that women affected by conflict require family planning services, and that demand does not decline as long as quality services remain accessible. An adaptable reproductive health programme model that embraces innovative approaches is necessary for establishing services and maintaining quality during acute conflict.
Novel and known morbidities of leukodystrophies identified using a phenome-wide association study.

Objective To determine shared comorbidities and to identify underrecognized or unexpected morbidities in children with leukodystrophies using an unbiased phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) analysis of a nationwide pediatric clinical and financial database. Methods Data were extracted from the Pediatric Health Information System database. Patients with leukodystrophy were identified with International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, clinical modification, diagnostic codes for any of 4 specific leukodystrophies (X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (E71.52x), Hurler disease (E76.01), Krabbe disease (E75.23), and metachromatic leukodystrophy (E75.25)) over a 3-year time period. Confirmed leukodystrophy cases (n = 553) were matched with 1659 controls. A PheWAS analysis was performed on all available ICD diagnostic codes for cases and controls. Comparisons were performed for all 4 leukodystrophies as a group and individually. Results We found 174 phecodes (grouped ICD codes) associated with leukodystrophies, including 28 codes with a rate difference (RD) > 20%. Known comorbidities of leukodystrophies including developmental delay, epilepsy, and adrenal insufficiency were identified. Unexpected associations identified included hypertension (RD 30%, OR 25), hearing loss (RD 28%, OR 15), and cardiac dysrhythmias (RD 27%, OR 9). Hurler disease had a greater number of unique disease conditions. Conclusions PheWAS analysis from a national database demonstrates shared and unique features of leukodystrophies. Developmental delay, cardiac dysrhythmias, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, and respiratory issues were common to all 4 leukodystrophy diseases. Use of a PheWAS in leukodystrophies and other pediatric neurologic diseases offers a method for targeting improved care for patients by identification of morbidities.
The Geopolitical Contexts of the Brexit

Brexit is taking place at a time of growing security challenges and insecurities facing Europe’s strategic and economic position. Included in these challenges and insecurities are threats to its internal cohesion from the rise of nationalism and political extremism in several E.U. member states (e.g. in France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland). These voices mainly reject the governance system of the European Union and are calling for a return of competences back to the national level that are currently held by the European Commission. Furthermore, some Eastern and especially Southern European states currently experience fragile state institutions (e.g. Albania, Montenegro, Serbia); indeed, some of them even are at the brink of collapse. This cocktail of fragility, as we know from the literature, can quickly result into full state failure. Last but not least, especially Europe’s eastern frontiers currently witness a relatively high number of frozen conflicts (e.g. Ukraine, Georgia). The increased assertiveness of Russia there, coupled with the impact of fake news and hybrid warfare, along with multiple spill-overs from political turmoil and conflicts in the Arab world and Africa (ranging from Mali via Chad to Sudan and South Sudan as well as the developments in Ethiopia) mean that the security challenges to Europe are more significant than at any time since the end of the Cold War. The demographic developments in these regions, coupled with conflicts over resources and political influence and overall state fragility, trigger strong migratory movements to the E.U. The refugee crisis since 2015 and subsequently the continuous flow of migrants from northern Africa until this day underline this point.
Manganese Neurotoxicity as a Complication of Chronic Total Parenteral Nutrition

Manganese accumulation in the central nervous system creates clinical symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, behavioral changes, and movement disorders resembling Parkinson's disease. Radiographic features of this rare clinical entity include symmetric T1 hyperintensities in the bilateral globus pallidi, with corresponding hypointensities on T2-weighted images. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is an increasingly used potentially lifesaving therapy for patients who cannot tolerate enteral nutrition. However, when used over a period of several weeks to months, its associated risks and complications carry significant morbidity and mortality. One of the more rare complications of TPN use is manganese toxicity. We provided care for a 38-year-old female on chronic TPN who presented to the hospital with Parkinsonian features, confusion, falls, and lethargy. MRI brain showed T1 hyperintensities in the bilateral globus pallidi, which were attributed to manganese toxicity from chronic TPN use. Supporting evidence for this rare entity included decreased signal intensity in the bilateral globus pallidi on T2-weighted images and T1 hyperintensities in the substantia nigra. With antifungal treatment and permanent cessation of TPN, her mentation and neurological symptoms began to improve within a week. Repeat MRI brain performed one month after discontinuation of TPN revealed improvement of the T1 hyperintensities in the bilateral globus pallidi. Our objective in presenting this case is to highlight manganese neurotoxicity as a rare complication of TPN in a patient without known hepatic dysfunction and to emphasize the importance of routinely monitoring patients for the possible adverse effects of chronic TPN. Our case is among the handful of published cases in which a patient without known liver dysfunction, which is the primary organ responsible for manganese elimination from the body, developed manganese neurotoxicity.