cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Scale of Indirect Damage from Flooding - A Case Study: Mississippi River Flooding of May 2011

There are growing risks to economic activity in flood-plain regions due to the increasing severity of climate change-driven storms. In May 2011, heavy rains led to surging flood levels along the entirety of the Mississippi River basin. This eventually required the US Army Corps of Engineering to blast open floodgates in order to save major cities like Baton Rouge and New Orleans from catastrophic damage. However, this was at the cost of sacrificing millions of acres of farmland and sparsely populated parishes all over the southern basin region. Beyond the direct flood damage, business was disrupted while the Mississippi River was unable to be used as a trade route. But these disruptions, known as ‘indirect damage,’ can sometimes have a net positive result for firms that do not sustain much physical damage and can benefit from the ensuing price increases of their products. In the long term, however, increasing defense and recovery measures from flood incidents will be required in such regions in order to maintain economic activity. Overall, sustainable development would require either an avoidance of those risky zones, which is socially and economically impractical due to the large existing populations and infrastructure, or a focus on preventative measures. Author’s Note Benjamin Frieling is a sophomore in the School of Engineering and Applied Science at Columbia University, majoring in Civil Engineering and minoring in Sustainable Engineering. He performed research for this article under Professor Upmanu Lall and with assistance from Masahiko Haraguchi, both of the Earth and Environmental Engineering Department.
A Hybrid Simulation-based Duopoly Game Framework for Analysis of Supply Chain and Marketing Activities

A hybrid simulation-based framework involving system dynamics (SD) and agent-based simulation (ABS) is proposed to address duopoly game considering multiple strategic decision variables and rich payoff, which cannot be addressed by traditional approaches involving closed-form equations. While SD models are used to represent integrated production, logistics, and pricing determination activities of duopoly companies, ABS is used to mimic enhanced consumer purchasing behavior considering advertisement, promotion effect, and acquaintance recommendation in the consumer social network. The payoff function of the duopoly companies is assumed to be the net profit based on the total revenue and various cost items such as raw material, production, transportation, inventory and backorder. A unique procedure is proposed to solve and analyze the proposed simulation-based game, where the procedural components include strategy refinement, data sampling, gaming solving, and performance evaluation. First, design of experiment (DOE) and estimated conformational value of information (ECVI) techniques are employed for strategy refinement and data sampling, respectively. Game solving then focuses on pure strategy equilibriums, and performance evaluation addresses game stability, equilibrium strictness, and robustness. A hypothetical case scenario involving soft-drink duopoly on Coke and Pepsi is considered to illustrate and demonstrate the proposed approach. Final results include p-values of statistical tests, confidence intervals, and simulation steady state analysis for different pure equilibriums.
Geomorphons: Landform and property predictions in a glacial moraine in Indiana landscapes

Abstract Predicting soil property distribution from a catena in the digital environment has been explored by many researchers with only slightly better than modest results. In this study, the landform recognition algorithm “geomorphons” in the GRASS GIS environment was explored to determine if this landscape model could improve predictions of soil properties. For 74 borings on the Wabash glacial moraine in Wells County, Indiana, measurements were made for: A horizon thickness, depth to chroma 2 features, effervescence, dense glacial till, carbonate concretions, and autochthonous platy structure. A digital elevation model (DEM) generated from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data was used for the study site. The geomorphons algorithm was used to generate 10 original landforms: “flat”, “footslope”, “summit”, “ridge”, “shoulder”, “spur”, “slope”, “hollow”, “valley”, and “depression” that were aggregated to new landforms coinciding with slope positions: “toeslope”, “footslope”, “backslope”, “shoulder”, “summit”, and “depression” recognized by soil surveyors. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Multinomial Logistics Regression Analysis (MLR) were used to aggregate the measured soil properties into the landform groups. The aggregation of geomorphons groups improved the MRL predictions to 83% accuracy. Also, the aggregation of geomorphons to five landforms to predict soil property distribution on the landscape gave promising results for the low-relief and relatively flat area of northeast Indiana. To test if the true mean value of each soil property for each landform was reliable for generalizing population characteristics, relative standard error (RSE) was calculated as a proportion of standard error to population mean from a bootstrap estimation. The range of RSE values for all soil properties and landforms was between ~ 0.7% and ~ 19%. Since the estimates of the measured soil properties all have RSE values of less than 25%, they can be considered reliable.
President's Dividends Plan Undertaxes High-Income Taxpayers

The president's plan to exclude 100 percent of dividends from taxation is based on the false premise that taxpayers generally are overtaxed on corporate earnings. Thompson's analysis shows that on average, taxpayers in the highest bracket, 35 percent after implementation of the rate cuts, are currently paying an approximate 35.5 percent effective rate of tax on distributed and undistributed corporate earnings. On the other hand, taxpayers in the 28 percent bracket are, on average, currently subject to an approximate 33.54 percent effective rate. This means that there is a case for dividend relief for taxpayers in the 28 percent and lower brackets, but not for taxpayers in the 35 percent bracket. The president's plan would reduce the effective rate of tax on corporate earnings to no more than 25.68 percent, meaning that on average, 35 percent bracket taxpayers would be under taxed on dividends by 9.32 percentage points. Congress needs to focus dividend relief on taxpayers in the tax brackets where dividends are being over taxed and reject the president's plan for a 100 percent across-the-board exemption.
The impact of a delirium educational intervention with intensive care unit nurses.

Background Delirium is a frequently encountered condition in critically ill patients that has significant clinical impacts. Associated costs for patients impacted by delirium are higher, including a 39% higher intensive care unit (ICU) cost and 31% higher hospital costs, yet delirium goes unnoticed in up to 72% of cases. If ICU nurses are not aware of risk factors and presentation of delirium, the condition may go unrecognized, allowing for development of negative sequelae. Objectives The purpose of this research study was to examine delirium knowledge levels of ICU nurses at a single level I trauma hospital both before and after a tailored educational intervention. Methods A preintervention/postintervention research study design in conjunction with a tailored educational intervention was utilized. Preintervention/postintervention delirium knowledge testing was completed through the use of the Nurses' Knowledge of Delirium Questionnaire. Results The results indicated a significant difference in preintervention scores (mean, 74.65 [SD, 8.68]) and postintervention scores (mean, 84.95 [SD, 5.73]); t23 = -5.256, P = .000. These results suggest that an educational intervention does have an impact on ICU nurses' knowledge level of delirium. Conclusions If ICU nurses are not aware of the fluctuating nature of delirium and its varied clinical presentations, they cannot be expected to consistently identify its development when providing care. Through educational activities, it is possible to increase team member knowledge levels, potentially resulting in increased identification of delirium and a reduction in negative sequelae.
Training procedure and practice-test ratio in the acquisition and retention of a serial maze pattern

Forty Ss received a total of 30 practice and test trials on an electrical punchboard maze, and returned one week later to relearn the maze. The results showed that prompting and confirmation were equally effective in learning the maze pattern, but that confirmation resulted in a faster final performance speed, and led to significantly better retention.
The Effect of Betaine on Nitrate and Cardiovascular Response to Exercise

Betaine (BT) supplementation improves selected markers of physical performance, however, the mechanism(s) by which this change occurs remains largely unknown. Some speculate that BT may increase circulating nitrate concentrations, improving physical performance by augmentation of endothelial nitric oxide production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute BT supplementation and exercise on plasma nitrate levels and related cardiovascular response (CVR). Placebo and BT trials were administered in a cross-over, randomized, double-blind, and counterbalanced fashion. Ten healthy college-aged volunteers consumed either a 250 ml placebo (carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage, CHO) or 250 ml CHO + 2.5 g BT. Subjects rested for 45 min, then cycled for 30 min at 60 rpm with a resistance of 2.5% body weight. Blood was drawn before and 45 min after BT supplementation, and immediately post exercise to assess plasma nitrate levels. Repeated measures ANOVA across treatments and times assessed differences in plasma nitrate and CVR variables with an alpha level set at 0.05. No significant interactions nor differences between groups were found for plasma nitrate levels or CVR variables with acute BT supplementation. A significant time effect (p < 0.013) for all CVR variables was found and expected due to the effect of exercise. Acute BT supplementation did not increase plasma nitrate levels nor alter CVR at rest or during light to moderate cycling.
Assessment of prehospital and hospital response in disaster.

The problems associated with assessment of the response of a prehospital /hospital system to a disaster will be less severe if they are addressed to some degree in the disaster plan. A general protocol for assessment could be developed as part of the disaster planning effort and evaluation staff could tentatively be identified by position (e.g., emergency department medical director). The issue of data availability could be confronted and provisions made for the recording of at least minimal information on patient log forms under disaster conditions.
Curative Treatment for Pancreatic Neoplasms: Standard Resection

Resection is the only chance for cure for patients with pancreatic, cancer. The extent of pancreatic, gastroduodenal, and lymph node, resection, however, remains a matter of debate. As the morbidity,and mortality rates of pancreatoduodenectomy have decreased, more extensive resections, such as regional pancreatectomy, have,become more feasible options. Nevertheless, tumor biology and,adjuvant therapy are the most important determinants of ultimate,outcome. Therefore, less extensive procedures (such as the pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy), which are associated with shorter operative time, reduced blood loss, and equally long but better quality of survival, are believed by many surgeons to be the optimal type of resection.
Trends and Developments Shaping the Future of Diagnostic Medical Imaging: 2015 Annual Oration in Diagnostic Radiology.

For acceptance of innovative new methods into practice, the imaging community will need to increase its emphasis on assessing not just the intrinsic quality or accuracy of new methods but their capacity to ultimately help achieve societal goals of more patient centeredness of care, better patient outcomes, and improved cost effectiveness in resource utilization.
Biologic therapy for osteosarcoma using liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide.

Liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (L-MTP-PE), a new biologic response modifier, was designed to be targeted to monocytes and macrophages. Human monocytes/macrophages phagocytose L-MTP-PE, with subsequent up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-la, IL-lb, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor, and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor genes, and will kill tumor cells but not normal cells. Liposomal uptake was demonstrated in liver, spleen, and lung and in and around metastases to the lung following intravenous administration in cancer patients.
Growing our own: teaching and doing research in CLS.

The shortage of clinical laboratory scientists (CLS) has been well-documented in the healthcare environment. This growing concern only becomes more critical as we enter the retiring baby boomer era in our society. Concomitantly, the problem of addressing how university CLS programs recruit and retain faculty to teach and satisfy research agendas is not being studied. These two problems, if allowed to collide, will provide a “perfect storm” with serious implications for an ongoing shortage of personnel and overall quality for the profession. CLS faculty, in the university setting, must typically satisfy the three tenets for tenure and promotion – teaching, scholarship, and service. While teaching and service will always be critical, scholarship (research) is an area of expertise that must be “taught” and mentored for future CLS faculty to be successful in the very real arena of “publish or perish”. This article provides a commentary with specific details associated with our experience in offering an evolving dedicated CLS clinical research course to purposively “grow our own” students in the art of conducting successful research. It offers a flexible template for adapting or incorporating a lecture and laboratory course to address theoretical and practical knowledge in the realm of clinical research. Additionally, a discussion of other research mentoring activities in our program will be outlined. The long term goal (and hope) of these program objectives is to build a culture of research for current faculty and for CLS graduates. This paper provides an approach to embedding these research ideals in all CLS graduates and, importantly, an intentional attempt to create a mindset for a possible career as a future CLS faculty member who can be successful in both the university and clinical environment. ABBREVIATIONS:ASCLS = American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science; CITI = Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative; CLS = Clinical Laboratory Science; HIPAA = Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; HSP = Human Subjects Protection; IRB = Institutional Review Board; NAACLS = National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science.
Estimates of heritabilities and of genetic and phenotypic correlations among growth and reproductive traits in yearling Angus bulls.

Data from Nichols Farm, Anita , Iowa, collected from 1975 through 1980, were used. Angus Herd Improvement Records with birth, weaning and yearling weights were obtained for 717 bulls by 80 sires. Also available, from Hawkeye Breeders Service, Des Moines , Iowa, were measures of sperm concentration and motility, percentage live sperm, number of sperm/ml, semen score and quality and scrotal circumference on the bulls as yearlings . Heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated for the above traits from variance and covariance components calculated by restricted maximum likelihood. Estimates of heritability for birth, weaning and yearling weight were .70, .46 and .49, respectively. Heritability estimates for the semen traits were low (0 to .24); the estimate for scrotal circumference was .36. In general, genetic and phenotypic correlations among semen traits were high and favorable, with absolute values ranging between .49 and 1.11. Genetic correlations between semen traits and scrotal circumference were low; corresponding phenotypic correlations were moderate. Semen traits were lowly correlated phenotypically with growth traits (-.08 to .08) and genetic correlation estimates were variable. Estimates of phenotypic and genetic correlations suggested that yearling scrotal circumference was more closely related to yearling weight than to either birth or weaning weight. Estimates of phenotypic and genetic correlations between scrotal circumference and yearling weight were .26 and .68, respectively.
Transformations and losses of fertilizer nitrogen on no-till and conventional till soils

A field study was conducted in 1982 to measure the effect of no-till (NT) and conventional till (CT) systems on N transformation after surface and subsurface applications of N fertilizers. Urea, urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution, (NH4)2SO4 (AS), and CA(NO3)2 were applied to NT and CT plots (5.95 m2) at a rate of 448 kg N ha−1. A comparison of fertilizer N recovered in soils receiving incorporated or surface applied N was used to estimate NH3 volatilization while denitrification was estimated from fertilizer N recovered in the presence and absence of nitrapyrin with incorporated N. Immobilization was assessed in microplots (0.37 m2) after surface application of (15NH4)2SO4 to NT and CT systems at a rate of 220 kg N ha−1.
The Hydrogen Atom

Schrodinger solved the wave equation for the hydrogen atom by considering the moving electron to be described as a three-dimensional wave. By writing the equation in polar coordinates, the separation of variables leads to three equations that can be solved exactly. Two of those equations, the Legendre and Laguerre equations, lead to restrictions on the solutions and give rise to quantum numbers. The Pauli Exclusion Principle leads to the restrictions related to permissible values for n , l , and m . Interpretation of the solutions is given in terms of the probability of finding the electron in regions of space, that is, the s , p , d , … orbitals. The variation method is a procedure for using trial wave functions to calculate properties. The overlap of orbitals on adjacent atoms can lead to the increased probability of finding electrons (bonding), depending on the mathematical nature of the functions.
English Camp: A Language Immersion Program in Thailand.

A summer English camp language immersion program, which began in 2003, provided instruction by native English speakers to Thai college students via collaboration between Prince of Songkla University in Thailand and Ball State University in Indiana, USA. During this program, Thai students were exposed to English formally through classroom instruction and through informal field experiences. During the 2005 program, one English camp leader conducted a study for her three-student group to assess how well the program assisted in language acquisition through writing. The results indicated the immersion program was successful not only in language acquisition but also in cultural understanding for all the program participants. Due to the economic crises and political challenges in the late 1990s, Thailand was forced to increase its global competition. Among many means for achieving this goal is the enhancement and improvement of English language skills for the Thai students. A grant was offered to Thai universities to promote English to the college students. Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand, under President Prasert Chitapong, received grant monies to set up the English Camp Language Immersion Program in 2003 with Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA. To offset the concerns of a typical second language experience, an English Camp Language Immersion Program was established in 2003. This program supplied English-speaking teachers traveling to Thailand for an intense 15-day camp that included both classroom and field study situations. The goal was for students to gain knowledge of the English language and acquire confidence in their speaking skills. An additional benefit was that all the participants (students and instructors) developed a deeper appreciation of the people and the new culture to which they were exposed. The program was coordinated by Kris Rugasken, Ph.D., a linguisticallytrained Thai-born educator. Taking the language to the students in their own environment broke the resistance students frequently experience For more information contact: Kris Rugasken | Ball State University | Teachers College #915 |Muncie, IN 47306 |krugsake@bsu.edu 44 | TLAR, Volume 14, Number 2 when learning a new language, as described in Wilkinson (1995). Since the program’s inception, seven English camp language immersion programs have taken place in Thailand. This study, however, focuses on just one group of students who participated as one learning group in 2005. The premise for the study was that the immersion program would enhance the students’ writing. As a result, the target students were given a 20 minute writing assignment at the beginning of the camp and another 20 minute writing assignment at its completion.
The Promise and Perils of Shared Decision-Making in Clinical Practice

Shared decision-making, a fundamental component of “patient-centered care,” should include a two-way exchange of information between the doctor and patient in which both parties have the opportunity to express treatment preferences and arrive at treatment decisions that are both medically sound and consistent with the goals and preferences of a well-informed patient.
Current perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of adolescent depression in the primary care setting

Depression is a major public health problem in the United States, affecting more than 18 million persons and costing more than $43 billion in treatment costs and lost productivity annually [1]. Historically, depression was considered a phenomenon that only adults experienced; however, research has shown that children and adolescents experience a range of depressive disorders [2] similar to adults [3]. Current population point prevalence rates of depressive disorders in adolescents, including major depressive disorder and dysthymia, range from 0.4% to 8.3% [4]. Although rates of these disorders vary depending on the sample studied and the measures utilized [5], they are routinely found to increase dramatically during the adolescent years [6], reaching levels reported in adults by middle to late adolescence [7]. Approximately 5% of adolescents suffer from major depressive disorder at any point in time, 20% have at least 1 episode of clinical depression by age 18 years, and 65% experience transient or less severe depressive symptoms [7]. These statistics are concerning considering the limited availability of psychiatric specialty care [8]. The high prevalence of adolescent depression and the limited availability of adolescent mental health specialists have resulted in a growing need for primary care providers to recognize, diagnose, and treat depression [9]. In primary care settings, however, few depressed adolescents currently receive effective treatment [10]. This may reflect the fact that many primary care physicians feel uncomfortable treating adolescent depression [11,12], due either to a lack of training or the timeconsuming nature of managing depression in the context of a routine office visit [12]. This article discusses the management of the depressed adolescent in the primary care setting using a clinical case to highlight diagnostic criteria, clinical characteristics, clinical course, and efficacious treatments.
A Reliable, Feasible Method to Observe Neighborhoods at High Spatial Resolution.

Introduction Systematic social observation (SSO) methods traditionally measure neighborhoods at street level and have been performed reliably using virtual applications to increase feasibility. Research indicates that collection at even higher spatial resolution may better elucidate the health impact of neighborhood factors, but whether virtual applications can reliably capture social determinants of health at the smallest geographic resolution (parcel level) remains uncertain. This paper presents a novel, parcel-level SSO methodology and assesses whether this new method can be collected reliably using Google Street View and is feasible. Methods Multiple raters (N=5) observed 42 neighborhoods. In 2016, inter-rater reliability (observed agreement and kappa coefficient) was compared for four SSO methods: (1) street-level in person; (2) street-level virtual; (3) parcel-level in person; and (4) parcel-level virtual. Intra-rater reliability (observed agreement and kappa coefficient) was calculated to determine whether parcel-level methods produce results comparable to traditional street-level observation. Results Substantial levels of inter-rater agreement were documented across all four methods; all methods had >70% of items with at least substantial agreement. Only physical decay showed higher levels of agreement (83% of items with >75% agreement) for direct versus virtual rating source. Intra-rater agreement comparing street- versus parcel-level methods resulted in observed agreement >75% for all but one item (90%). Conclusions Results support the use of Google Street View as a reliable, feasible tool for performing SSO at the smallest geographic resolution. Validation of a new parcel-level method collected virtually may improve the assessment of social determinants contributing to disparities in health behaviors and outcomes.
Salubrinal inhibits glioma growth and sensitizes malignant gliomas to ER stress- and Temozolomide-induced death

Glioblastoma multiforme represents a particularly difficult-to-treat type of cancer with a dismal prognosis. Recent studies showed that human malignant gliomas adapt to their local cellular environ...
Śrīharṣa on Knowledge and Justification

In this paper I explore the extent to which the dialectical approach of Śrīharṣa can be identified as skeptical, and whether or how his approach resembles that of the first century Mādhyamika philosopher Nāgārjuna. In so doing, I will be primarily reading the first argument found in Śrīharṣa’s masterpiece, the Khaṇḍanakhaṇḍa-khādya (KhKh). This argument grounds the position that the system of justification (pramāṇa) that validates our cognition to be true is not outside of inquiry. Closely adopting Śrīharṣa’s polemical style, I am neither proposing a thesis in this paper that Śrīharṣa is a skeptic, nor am I denying such a possibility. I believe we can pursue our arguments on a neutral ground and let the facts speak for themselves. I will outline salient features that define skepticism in the mainstream philosophical discourse so that analyzing Śrīharṣa’s first argument becomes easier. In so doing, I will introduce some of the arguments of Nāgārjuna in light of Śrīharṣa’s position. This comparison, however, is restricted only to the salient features relevant to further the central argument of this paper and is therefore not aimed to encompass the overall positions of these two giants.
Statistical filtering of river survey and streamflow data for improving At-A-Station hydraulic geometry relations

Abstract Natural streams are characterized by variation in cross-section geometry, bed-slope, bed roughness, hydraulic slope, etc., along their channels resulting from several interacting features of the riverine system including the effects of discharge changes, geologic context, sediment load, etc. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of river flow dynamics requires sufficient knowledge of hydraulics and these geophysical variables. Average flow condition theory expressed as “At-A-Station” hydraulic geometry (AHG) relations are site-specific power-functions, relating the mean stream channel forms (i.e. water depth, top-width, flow velocity, and flow area) to discharge, have been studied since 50s. Establishing robust AHG relations requires pre-assessment of data quality by means of uncertainty analysis. Our paper introduces a recursive data filtering procedure to find both random and systematic errors in streamflow and river-survey data that can be used to produce robust and informative AHG relations. The method is first verified on synthetic data and then by experiments over: (1) real discharge-stage ratings provided by daily streamflow records of U.S. Geological Survey/National Water Information System dataset (USGS/NWIS), and (2) field river survey measurement data from USGS/NWIS. This produces robust AHG relations at 4472 monitoring stations across the U.S.
Influence of oCVD Polyaniline Film Chemistry in Carbon-Based Supercapacitors

Polyaniline (PANI) is integrated into Mo2C carbide-derived-carbon (CDC) electrodes using the single-step, solvent-free process of oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD). By optimizing the oCVD processing conditions, CDC electrodes integrated with oCVD PANI exhibit more than double the gravimetric capacitance (115 F/g) vs bare CDC electrodes (52 F/g) and a 79% capacity retention after over 10 000 cycles. The oxidant flow rate, substrate temperature, and reactor pressure were varied, and their influence on film chemistry and supercapacitor performance was explored electrochemically and with FTIR and XPS. The study reveals that a higher substrate temperature, pressure, and oxidant flow rate are critical for depositing emeraldine PANI for optimal electrochemical performance. Interestingly, the optimally performing PANI-CDC devices have a porous PANI morphology as determined by SEM, which may facilitate ion transport, improve scan rate performance, and impart electric double layer capacitance in addition t...
Effect of friction on CMP in-situ brush cleaning: CFM: Contamination free manufacturing

Post CMP in-situ cleaning plays a critical role in the yield enhancement at sub 14nm semiconductor manufacturing. CMP in-situ cleaning is conducted in the CMP equipment at post polishing. Typically CMP equipment has a brush scrubber cleaner module to remove post polish byproducts, with the fundamental mechanism of particle removal by using physical force. Therefore, high friction and high contact are considered as effective conditions for cleaning wafers post polishing, however, cross contamination effect occurs during this process. Furthermore, the dynamic process of brush cleaning makes it difficult to optimize brush cleaning conditions. In this study, brush torque (friction) is monitored during brush cleaning and effects of frictional behavior of brush on post CMP defects is explored. Experimental results suggest optimized friction force with minimized friction variation during brush cleaning is important to post CMP defect reduction. These results also show torque monitoring is important for brush cleaning efficiency control.
Interpretation Modalities Used on Family-Centered Rounds: Perspectives of Spanish-Speaking Families

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Limited-English–proficient (LEP) patients and families are at risk for worse hospital outcomes due to impaired communication. Family-centered rounds (FCR) have become the preferred format for information sharing among providers and families at pediatric institutions. However, there are limited data on FCR among LEP families, particularly regarding interpretation type. We sought to examine the relationships between interpretation type and FCR satisfaction and efficacy among Spanish-speaking families, the fastest growing LEP population in pediatric hospitals. METHODS: Spanish speakers admitted to general pediatrics units over a period of 16 months were identified on admission. A bilingual research assistant observed FCR and completed an observation tool, including interpreter type. After FCR, the research assistant interviewed families, collecting parent demographics, FCR experience, and interpreter satisfaction. Associations between interpretation type and satisfaction as well as interpretation type and understanding were tested by using χ 2 analyses. RESULTS: We studied 124 families over 16 months. Most respondents were patients’ mothers (84%), born in Mexico (76%), had grade school education (56%), and spoke limited English (96%). Overall, 83 (73%) reported the interpreter services improved their understanding of their child’s medical condition. Interpreter type was significantly associated with family satisfaction with FCR; specifically, an in-person hospital interpreter or video interpreter was associated with complete caregiver satisfaction ( P = .005). CONCLUSIONS: Spanish speakers report higher satisfaction with face-to-face interpreters during FCR, including in-person and video, compared with telephonic interpreters. Video interpretation via iPad during FCR may be a valuable and accessible approach to improve communication in the care of hospitalized children.
What Should Leaders Do When Inefficiency Is Perceived as a Cost of Inclusivity in Strategic Planning Processes in Health Care

Intragroup conflict in co-creation projects can be overcome by focusing on the patient, the team, the data, and quality improvement as a system and process.
Evolution and characterization of carboplatin resistance at single cell resolution

Acquired resistance to carboplatin is a major obstacle to the cure of ovarian cancer, but its molecular underpinnings are still poorly defined. We selected multiple clones derived from a single cell in parallel for similar levels of resistance to carboplatin. The resistant clones showed no significant genetic alterations, but each one activated different mechanisms of resistance resulting in transcriptional heterogeneity. Single-cell mRNA sequencing defined multiple transcriptional states associated with clone identity and resistance evolution, and identified a subset of unselected parental cells that were already in a resistant state. Six expression signatures derived from the resistant states distinguished primary from recurrent high-grade serous ovarian cancers, predicted both response and survival and disclosed functional differences between intrinsic and acquired resistance. This multidimensional, single-cell analysis offers new insights into the dynamics of the acquisition of resistance to carboplatin, a drug of major importance to the treatment of ovarian and other cancers.
My mind, your mind, and God's mind: How children and adults conceive of different agents’ moral beliefs

Extending prior research on belief attributions, we investigated the extent to which 5- to 8-year-olds and adults distinguish their beliefs and other humans' beliefs from God's beliefs. In Study 1, children reported that all agents held the same beliefs, whereas adults drew greater distinctions among agents. For example, adults reported that God was less likely than humans to view behaviors as morally acceptable. Study 2 additionally investigated attributions of beliefs about controversial behaviours (e.g., telling prosocial lies) and belief stability. These data replicated the main results from Study 1 and additionally revealed that adults (but not children) reported that God was less likely than any other agent to think that controversial behaviours were morally acceptable. Furthermore, across ages, participants reported that another person's beliefs were more likely to change than either God's beliefs or their own beliefs. We discuss implications for theories regarding belief attributions and for religious and moral cognition. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject Preschoolers can attribute different beliefs to different humans Children and adults attribute greater cognitive capacities to God than to humans What the present study adds Children attribute the same moral beliefs to God and humans Adults distinguish among different agents' minds when attributing moral beliefs Developmental differences are less pronounced in judgements of belief stability.
The Cognitive Dissonance Model as a Predictor of Customer Satisfaction Among Camper Owners

In the research reported here, the cognitive dissonance model was used as an approach to the investigation of post-purchase satisfaction levels among owners of a major leisure product—campers. Resp...
A Fast Algorithm for Approximately Counting Smooth Numbers

Let Ψ(x,y) denote the number of integers ≤ x that are composed entirely of primes bounded by y. We present an algorithm for estimating the value of Ψ(x,y) with a running time roughly proportional to \(\sqrt{y}\). Our algorithm is a modification of an algorithm by Hunter and Sorenson that is based on a theorem of Hildebrand and Tenenbaum. This previous algorithm ran in time roughly proportional to y.
Defining Clinically Significant Fatigue in Parkinson’s Disease (P1.056)

Objective: To identify appropriate cut-offs of two most commonly used questionnaires, the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), for clinically significant fatigue in PD. Background: Fatigue is one of the most disabling non-motor symptoms in PD and it contribute to poor quality of life. Researchers use random cut-offs when using the FSS and MFI score to evaluate the prevalence of subjective fatigue in PD because there has previously been no validated cut-offs. In this study, we used a set of criteria for diagnosing clinically significant fatigue in PD to identify the proper cut-offs of these two questionnaires. Design/Methods: Forty-three PD patients were administered the criteria for clinically significant fatigue, followed by the FSS, MFI, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Mean scores for each assessment were compared between the 11 patients who met diagnostic criteria (fatigue group) and 32 who did not (non-fatigue group). Results: The fatigue group had significantly higher scores in the 9-item FSS ( p p p =.01, .002, .002, .0003, p =.005), and CES-D ( p =.004) than the non-fatigue group, but no difference in ESS. We used logistic regression and decision tree models to determine FSS and MFI cut-offs for clinically significant fatigue. Using the available data, we recommend the following cut-offs: 9-item FSS 38; total MFI59; physical fatigue 13; mental fatigue 14; reduced motivation 13; reduced activity 14, and general fatigue 14. Conclusions: The recommended cut-offs for clinically significant fatigue in the FSS, the MFI, and the MFI sub-scores will be valuable for future studies in investigating pathophysiology and potential treatments of fatigue in PD. Study Supported by: Endowment from Mr. and Mrs. Joe and Norma Peltier to Sanford Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Huether has nothing to disclose. Dr. Matcha has nothing to disclose. Dr. Harlow has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Teva. Dr. Staebler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lou has nothing to disclose.
HIGH CURRENT INJECTION INTO SiO 2 USING Si-RICH SiO 2 FILMS AND EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATIONS

Although silicon dioxide has a high mobility for electrons (~ 30 cm2/V-sec), it forms large interfacial energy barriers (> 2 eV) with all contacting metals or semiconductors because of its large energy bandgap of ~ 9 eV which makes current injection into it very difficult. This results in the excellent insulating properties of SiO2 capacitors. By depositing a thin layer of Si-rich SiO2 between SiO2 and a contacting electrode, such as Al or Si, high electronic current injection at moderate applied voltages can be obtained. This “apparent” reduction of the interfacial energy barrier is believed to be obtained by “local” electric field distortion associated with the highly conducting, two-phase (Si and SiO2) nature of the deposited Si-rich SiO2. This injection phenomenon has been shown to be limited by the interface of the Si-rich SiO2 layer with the SiO2 layer. The currents are Fowler-Nordheim-like and have weak temperature dependence. Internal photoemission has been used to show that uniform homogeneous grading of the energy bandgap of the Si-rich SiO2 layers does not account for the high current injection. Injection currents are not strongly affected by high temperature (> 1000°C) annealing which is shown, using Raman spectroscopy, to convert amorphous Si regions (< 50 A in size) into Si crystallites in the Si-rich SiO2 layer. Layered structures composed of Si-rich SiO2 and SiO2 have been shown to have several applications, particularly in the area of non-volatile semiconductor memory and can be used to improve voltage breakdown characteristics. Devices using Si-rich SiO2 injectors to charge up floating polycrystalline-Si gate type memory structures are capable of being “written” or “erased” at low voltages in 5 msec at least 105 times with the excellent charge retention characteristics of a floating poly-Si structure. Low voltage breakdowns of SiO2 layers, which are believed to be associated with the field at the cathode, are shown to be suppressed when a thin Si-rich SiO2 layer is present. Reversible space charge build up in this thin layer relaxes high electric fields at the metal or silicon contacts. This is believed to result in the observed dramatic increase in breakdown voltage. Also, current as a function of ramped gate voltage characteristics are shown to be a rapid, easy means for studying trapping kinetics and centroid position of trapping sites in the SiO2 layer of structures with Si-rich SiO2 injecting layers.
Reading Paul in Radical, Late Ancient, and Prophetic Perspective

This chapter situates the study’s approach to Paul first, in relation to contemporary readings from continental philosophy and political theology (especially Badiou and Caputo). Next, it draws upon a late ancient compilation of Origen’s works, the Philocalia, that functioned, in part, as a handbook on the exercise of reading and the hermeneutics of the wisdom of the cross. Finally, Dickinson highlights the ecologically oriented voice of the prophets that echoes throughout 1 Corinthians.
Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease: A retrospective analysis of post-treatment testing practices.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Guidelines recommend that patients with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated peptic ulcer disease (PUD) receive H. pylori eradication therapy followed by post-treatment testing to prove eradication; however, post-treatment testing rates are suboptimal and barriers to testing are poorly understood. Our aim was to identify factors that predicted receipt of post-treatment testing. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 152 patients with H. pylori-associated PUD diagnosed between 2007 and 2015 at a large tertiary medical center in the United States, who received standard eradication therapy and ambulatory follow-up within one year. The primary outcome of interest was receipt of post-treatment testing. Logistic regression models compared post-treatment testing rates in those diagnosed while outpatient vs inpatient, patients with vs without repeat endoscopy, and patients with vs without gastroenterology (GI) clinic follow-up. Propensity scores controlled for age, sex, race, ulcer location, and symptom persistence. RESULTS Among 152 patients, 67 (44%) patients received post-treatment testing. There were significant differences in post-treatment testing rates in those diagnosed as outpatients vs inpatients (57% vs 33%; OR 3.87, P = 0.001) and in patients with vs without GI follow-up (62% vs 11%; OR 9.85, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The rate of testing for eradication after treatment in patients with H. pylori- associated PUD was low. However, this was significantly improved in patients who have GI follow-up and whose diagnosis was made in the outpatient setting. Our study demonstrates a clear opportunity for quality improvement initiatives.
Linking English Language Learning and Flipped Learning

Some instructors may be interested in trying a new teaching method but feel unsure about where to start. The good news is that flipped learning methodology shares similarities with current student-centered approaches to teaching English as a second language, particularly communicative language teaching (CLT). We begin this chapter by exploring how flipped learning compares to communicative language teaching. We then describe the basic tenets of flipped learning, explaining how the Flipped Learning Network’s (2014) four pillars apply to teaching ESL in university programs. Finally, we discuss the role of technology in supporting flipped learning, as well as how instructors can flip when technology is either limited or unavailable. We conclude the chapter by offering recommendations for applying the theories discussed in the chapter.
Renal Artery Coverage During Endovascular Aneurysm Repair for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Introduction Coverage of one or both renal arteries may be required to facilitate endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in patients who are not candidates for open surgery in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs). We sought to understand the consequences of renal coverage during these emergent procedures. Methods Using the VQI data set from 2013 to 2018, we selected patients who had undergone EVAR for rAAA. Patients were distinguished by whether they had none, unilateral, or bilateral renal artery coverage. Patients were excluded if they were previously on dialysis or had an intervention to preserve renal perfusion. Primary endpoints included inhospital mortality, composite permanent dialysis/30-day death, and 1-year survival. Results Overall, there were 2,278 patients presenting with ruptured aneurysms. Most patients had no renal artery coverage (n = 2,230; 98%), followed by single renal artery coverage (n = 30; 1.2%), and finally bilateral renal artery coverage (n = 18, 0.8%). On multivariate regression, bilateral renal coverage was associated with increased odds of inhospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 5.7, ±4; P = 0.030), permanent dialysis/30-day death (OR = 9.5, ±7; P = 0.016), and permanent dialysis (OR = 47.5, ±47; P Single renal artery coverage significantly increased the odds of permanent dialysis/30-day death (OR = 2.8, ±1.6; P = 0.044) driven mainly by its effect on the outcome of permanent dialysis (OR = 12.3, ±6; P Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier one-year survival estimates were significantly lower with bilateral renal coverage (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.4, P = 0.0002). Bilateral coverage remained a significant predictor on adjusted analysis (HR = 3.5, P = 0.002); however, single renal coverage did not significantly affect survival in unadjusted or adjusted models. Conclusions Bilateral renal coverage in rAAA significantly increases inhospital mortality and lowers long-term survival. While single renal artery coverage increases the risk of permanent dialysis/30-day death driven mainly by its effect on permanent dialysis, it does not significantly affect inhospital mortality or one-year survival and may be a viable option for select patients with rAAAs.
Integration of GPS and InSAR Data for Resolving 3-Dimensional Crustal Deformation

We develop an algorithm to integrate GPS and InSAR data for a 3-dimensional crustal deformation field at the Earth’s surface. In the algorithm di...
For a (comparative?) global historical sociology

Go and Lawson’s edited volume, Global Historical Sociology, is an agenda setting collection that, by boldly articulating a relationalist transdisciplinary paradigm and gathering a stellar range of ...