cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A test for periodic effects in time series data

Systems modelling frequently is dependent upon the analysis of sample data to enable establishment of functional relationships. This may be concerned with the evaluation of periodic or cyclical effects in time series data. Autocorrelation, using a Student's t text statistic, is often utilized to ‘investigate’ such effects. However, this test statistic is not applicable since basic assumptions are violated. Thus, an alternative statistic and the relatively unknown Wald and Wolfowitz non-parametric circular serial correlation coefficient, is discussed in this paper. To facilitate use of this test statistic, a FORTRAN subroutine is included.
Studies of L-arginine transport in bovine aortic endothelial cells.

We have previously demonstrated that p1,p4-diadenosine 5′-tetraphosphate induces the release of NO and modulates the uptake of l-arginine by bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) [Hilderman, R. H., and Christensen, E. F. (1998) FEBS Lett. 407, 320–324; Hilderman, R. H., Casey, T. E., and Pojoga, L. H. (2000) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 375, 124–130]. In this communication we characterize the uptake of l-Arg by BAEC. l-Arg is transported into BAEC by at least two different transporter systems. One transporter system is protein synthesis dependent, and l-Arg transported by this system is incorporated into proteins. The second transporter system involved in l-Arg uptake is protein synthesis independent, and uptake occurs by facilitated diffusion. The l-Arg transported by facilitated diffusion is metabolized into l-argininosuccinate. Homologous and heterologous competition uptake studies were performed using a fixed concentration of radiolabeled l-Arg, l-lysine, and l-leucine with varying concentrations of competing nonradiolabeled amino acids. The results of these competition uptake studies are consistent with the protein-synthesis-dependent uptake of l-Arg taking place through a transporter system that is highly specific for l-Arg and with the facilitated diffusion uptake taking place through a transporter that is specific for l-Arg and l-Leu.
GIVING FUZZINESS TO SPATIAL CLUSTERS: A NEW INDEX FOR CHOOSING THE OPTIMAL NUMBER OF CLUSTERS

Choosing the optimal number of clusters is a key issue in cluster analysis. Especially when dealing with more spatial clustering, things tend to be more complicated. Cluster validation helps to determine the appropriate number of clusters present in a dataset. Furthermore, cluster validation evaluates and assesses the results of clustering algorithms. There are numerous methods and techniques for choosing the optimal number of clusters via crisp and fuzzy clustering. In this paper, we introduce a new index for fuzzy clustering to determine the optimal number of clusters. This index is not another metric for calculating compactness or separation among partitions. Instead, the index uses several existing indices to give a degree, or fuzziness, to the optimal number of clusters. In this way, not only do the objects in a fuzzy cluster get a membership value, but the number of clusters to be partitioned is given a value as well. The new index is used in the fuzzy c-means algorithm for the geodemographic segmentation of 285 postal codes.
Positronium Decay in Molecular Substances

The overlap of the positron component of the wave function of positronium (Ps) in dense molecular substances with the lattice wave function determines the $2\ensuremath{\gamma}$ annihilation rate of positrons bound in orthopositronium via electron pickup from the lattice (${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2}$ decay), and in part the $2\ensuremath{\gamma}$ angular correlation. Ps acts as a probe for the dependence of one-particle wave functions in lattices on structural lattice parameters, and of radical-molecule interactions on atomic lattice parameters. To explore the sensitivity of this probe Ps wave functions are calculated for different lattice structures in the Wigner-Seitz approximation, and the dependence of ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2}$ decay on lattice parameters is derived. This dependence was tested experimentally by ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2}$ measurements on carefully characterized molecular substances in different physical states. It is confirmed that the temperature and state dependence is primarily a "free volume" effect in the sense that the overlap between the Ps and lattice wave functions decreases with increasing lattice spacing. The effects of a spherical confinement on the self-annihilation rates and stability of Ps are shown to be small for radii relevant to molecular lattices.An anomalous behavior is found for the ice-water transition, where ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2}$ increases significantly despite the contraction of water between the melting point and 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C.
Considerations for designing a prototype genetic test for use in translational research.

Background: Translational research is needed to explore how people will respond to personal genetic susceptibility information related to common health conditions. Maximizing the rigor of this research will require that genetic test results be returned to study participants. Currently, there is no established method that guides the selection of genetic variants to be used in research with these objectives. Methods and Results: To address this question, we designed a process to identify gene variants and health conditions to be included in a prototype genetic test for use in a larger research effort, the Multiplex Initiative. The intention of this exploration was to facilitate research that generates individual genetic test results that are returned to study participants. Inclusion criteria were developed as part of a transdisciplinary and iterative process that considered the weight of evidential support for genetic association with common health conditions, the appropriateness of use in human subjects research, and the recommendations of expert peer reviewers. Conclusions: The selection process was designed to identify gene variants for the limited purpose of translational research and, therefore, should not be seen as producing a valid clinical test. However, this example of an applied selection process may provide guidance for researchers who are designing studies to evaluate the implications of genetic susceptibility testing through the return of personalized genetic information. As the rate of genomic discoveries increases, such research will be essential in steering the translation of this information towards the greatest public health benefit.
High-mobility molybdenum doped indium oxide

Abstract The effects of molybdenum doping (0–12 at.%) on the optical and electrical properties of In 2 O 3 were investigated using combinatorial sputter deposition in combination with combinatorial analysis techniques. The electrical properties are highly dependent on the deposition temperature and the molybdenum doping concentration. A minimum temperature between 300 °C and 400 °C is needed to activate the carriers. The maximum mobility is observed at a Mo concentration of 4.4 at.% and is 65.3 cm 2 V − 1 s − 1 . The maximum conductivity is observed at 5.9 at.% molybdenum doping and is equal to 5000 Ω − 1 cm − 1 . The carrier concentration increases with increasing molybdenum doping to a maximum value of 6.6·10 20 cm − 3 at a doping concentration of 8.6 at.%. The optical transparency is high (> 80%) in a wide spectral range that is dependent on the process parameters.
Cross section and transverse polarization transfer for the 2H(p,n)2p reaction at 160 MeV.

The cross section and transverse polarization transfer for the $^{2}\mathrm{H}$(p,n)2p reaction at ${E}_{\mathrm{p}=160}$ MeV and theta=0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} have been measured with good energy resolution (1 MeV). An asymmetric peak shape characteristic of the $^{1}\mathrm{S}_{0}$ final-state interaction of the residual two-proton system has been clearly observed. The measured transverse polarization transfer coefficient for this peak is ${D}_{\mathrm{NN}}$(0?(de)=-0.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04. A simple impulse approximation calculation including the $^{1}\mathrm{S}_{0}$ final-state interaction reproduces the main features of the observed peak shape and polarization transfer. Small discrepancies observed in the peak tail region can be accounted for by including the $^{3}\mathrm{P}_{0}$,1,2 final state interaction.
SU‐E‐I‐149: Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Using 2D Source Scanning Patterns: A Simulation Study

Purpose: Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) imaging with 2D scanning patterns may help reduce the artifacts by more effectively blurring the off‐fulcrum objects. In this study, the effects of various source scanning patterns on the reconstructed images are studied via simulation. Methods: The X‐ray source was assumed to be movable following various scanning patterns. The source‐to‐iso‐center and source‐to‐image distances were assumed to be 500 mm and 600 mm, respectively. Projection images were computed using an improved distance‐driven algorithm. The objects studied included a Shepp‐ Logan phantom and a digital breast phantom constructed from segmented cone beam CTimages. The X‐ray absorption coefficients were taken of mono‐energetic X‐ray at 19 keV. The x‐ray source was scanned with 1D (1D DTS) and 2D (2D DTS) patterns. The objects were reconstructed using the iterative expectation‐maximization algorithm. The root‐mean‐squared‐ deviation (RSMD) was calculated to indicate the deviation in terms of CT numbers of the reconstructed image to the original phantom. Results: The RMSD of the reconstructed Shepp‐Logan phantom was 243.3 for 1D DTS and 104.7 for 2D DTS. Visual inspection revealed reduced artifacts and better CT number accuracy with 2D DTS than 1D DTS. For the digital breast phantom, the accuracy of the reconstructed tissue structures was assessed using the CT number uniformity in the dense tissue and adipose tissue regions. The RMSD of the digital breast phantom was 113.1 for 1D DTS and 50.0 for 2D DTS. The comparison showed that the 2D DTS resulted in better accuracy in CT number uniformity. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the use of 2D source scanning patterns has the potential advantage of more effectively blurring objects in off‐fulcrum planes, thus reducing the artifacts and resulting in more accurate image reconstruction. This work was supported in part by research grants: CA104759 and CA124585, EB000117 from NIBIB, CA138502A1, and a subcontract from NIST‐ATPs.
Conspecific effects on pheromone production by the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boh. (Col., Curculionidae)

Abstract Conspecific effects were shown for aggregation pheromone production by male boll weevils. A single mating of males on day 3 following emergence lead to a significant decrease within 48 to 72 hrs in quantities of aggregation pheromone components I, II, and III, as well as total pheromone production relative to unmated control males. Recovery of production of each pheromone component as well as total pheromone production occurred within 3 or 4 days following mating to levels on days 9 and 10 which exceeded control males at this time. The results suggest that levels of pheromone may signal mating readiness and also facilitate genetic diversity since recently mated males would be less attractive to prospective mating partners. Production of the aggregation pheromone was also diminished when males were housed with females. These results indicate a possible need for the separation of males from females prior to use in sterile male release programs. Zusammenfassung Konspezifische Wirkungen auf die Pheromonproduktion des Mexikanischen Samenkapselkafers, Anthonomus grandis Bob. (Col., Curculionidae) Bei der Produktion von Aggregationspheromonen konnten beim Mexikanischen Samenkapselkafer konspezifische Effekte nachgewiesen werden. Bei mannlichen Kafern fuhrte eine einmalige Paarung am 3. Tag nach dem Schlupfen innerhalb von 48–72 h zu einer signifikanten quantitativen Abnahme der Komponenten I, II und III des Aggregationspheromons sowie auch zu einer signifikanten Abnahme der Gesamtpheromonproduktion. Als Vergleichstiere dienten ungepaarte Mannchen. Die Wiederaufnahme der Produktion der einzelnen Komponenten als auch der Gesamtpheromone begann 3–4 Tage nach der Kopulation und ubertraf am 9. und 10. Tag die Pheromonproduktion der Kontrolltiere. Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schliesen, das die Pheromonmenge eine Paarungsbereitschaft signalisiert und ebenfalls die genetische Diversitat fordert, da Mannchen kurz nach einer Kopulation weniger attraktiv fur mogliche Partner erscheinen. Die Produktion der Aggregationspheromone wurde auch reduziert, wenn Mannchen und Weibchen zusammen gezuchtet wurden. Diese Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, das es bei Freisetzungsprogrammen steriler Mannchen erforderlich sein wird, Mannchen und Weibchen getrennt zu halten.
Determination of total 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in plasma using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

A method is described for determination of total (free plus conjugated) 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. After enzymatic hydrolysis of conjugates and deproteinization with zinc sulfate and sodium hydroxide, free MHPG is isolated by extraction prior to isocratic chromatographic separation. The absolute detection limit is about 30 pg which corresponds to a plasma concentration of 2-3 ng/ml when 0.5 ml of plasma is analyzed. Average within-analysis and between-analysis coefficients of variation (6.5 and 8.9%, respectively) are suitable for routine clinical analyses. Severe icterus is without effect, but even mild hemolysis causes detectable losses of MHPG from plasma. The mean +/- S.D. plasma MHPG concentration observed in sixteen healthy individuals (14.5 +/- 3.9 ng/ml) compares favorably with values reported using more complex reference methods.
Prospecting for Participants: Rational Expectations and the Recruitment of Political Activists

A survey of the American public is used to model citizen political recruitment as a two-stage process. First, those who recruit others to become active in politics seek likely activists through “rational prospecting.” Second, they seek acquiescence to their requests. We model each part of the process, delineating the characteristics of individuals that make them attractive prospects and that make them likely to say “yes.” Recruiters who have information about, and leverage over, their targets are more likely to be successful. In seeking out people who would be likely not only to participate but also to participate effectively, rational prospectors select people with characteristics that are already overrepresented among participants. The net result of the recruitment process for political activity in general—and for financial contributions, in particular—is to exacerbate participatory stratification.
Stress Field of a Dislocation

A new method of calculating the stress field of an isolated dislocation, or the interaction energy between different dislocations, is presented. While continuum elasticity theory is utilized, account is taken of the finite number of degrees of freedom of real solids through the use of a Debye cutoff in momentum space. As a specific result of this model, it is shown that the stress field of a straight infinitely long dislocation in an elastically isotropic solid varies at large distances $r$ as $\frac{[1\ensuremath{-}{J}_{0}({q}_{D}r)]}{r}$, where ${q}_{D}$ is the Debye radius in $q$ space and ${J}_{0}(z)$ is the zero-order Bessel function of the first kind. Some physical consequences of this perdicted behavior are discussed briefly.
Transforming Growth Factor β–Activated Kinase 1 Signaling Pathway Critically Regulates Myocardial Survival and Remodeling

Background—Programmed necrosis (necroptosis) plays an important role in development, tissue homeostasis, and disease pathogenesis. The molecular mechanisms that regulate necroptosis in the heart and its physiological relevance in myocardial remodeling and heart failure remain largely unknown. Methods and Results—Here, we identified an obligate function for TAK1 (transforming growth factor β–activated kinase 1, gene name Map3k7) in regulating necroptotic myocyte death, myocardial remodeling, and heart failure propensity. Cardiac-specific ablation of Map3k7 in mice induced spontaneous apoptosis and necroptosis that led to adverse remodeling and heart failure, and these effects were abolished by ablation of tumor necrosis factor receptor-1. Mechanistically, TAK1 functions as a molecular switch in tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 signaling by regulating the formation of 2 cell death complexes, RIP 1 (receptor-interacting protein 1)–FADD (Fas-associated protein with death domain)–caspase 8 and RIP1-RIP3, a pro...
Computational analysis of thermal-motion effects on the topological properties of the electron density

The distributions of bond topological properties (BTPs) of the electron density upon thermal vibrations of the nuclei are computationally examined to estimate different statistical figures, especially uncertainties, of these properties. The statistical analysis is based on a large ensemble of BTPs of the electron densities for thermally perturbed nuclear geometries of the formamide molecule. Each bond critical point (BCP) is found to follow a normal distribution whose covariance correlates with the displacement amplitudes of the nuclei involved in the bond. The BTPs are found to be markedly affected not only by normal modes of the significant bond-stretching component but also by modes that involve mainly hydrogen-atom displacements. Their probability distribution function can be decently described by Gumbel-type functions of positive (negative) skewness for the bonds formed by non-hydrogen (hydrogen) atoms.
A new method for the production of large spherical monosized polymer particles for biomedical and chromatographic applications

Monosized droplets of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and glycerol monomethacrylate (GMA) were prepared and allowed to fall into liquid nitrogen where they vitrified. The radiation post-polymerization of the monomer spheres was investigated. Uniform monosized poly-HEMA particles in the 100-300 μm diameter range were prepared with a coefficient of variation of 1.57% for particles of 155 μm in diameter. Monosized poly GMA was also prepared. The post-polymerization conversion of pre-irradiated GMA vitrified monomer droplets as a function of thawing rate and radiation dosage was investigated
Stoichiometric and oxygen deficient MoO3(010) surfaces

Abstract The (010) surface of single crystal MoO 3 has been prepared and examined using LEED, XPS, UPS, and ELS. Three methods yield the stoichiometric surface: scraping in UHV and annealing, ion etching followed by reoxidation (770 K, 10 2 Pa O 2 ), or oxygen treatment to remove carbon contamination. LEED shows the surface periodicity is the same as that of the bulk (010). The MoO 3 valence band is 7 eV wide with density of states maxima at 1.5, 3.6, and 5.6 eV below the top of the valence band. Heating MoO 3 in vacuum reduces the surface region. XPS indicates the O/Mo atomic ratio decreases to 2.85 ± 0.12 on heating to 600 K. Ar ion bombardment disorders the surface and reduces the surface O/Mo atomic ratio to 1.6. Annealing of reduced surfaces at > 770 K incompletely reoxidizes them by diffusion of oxygen from the bulk. UPS of reduced and annealed MoO 3 exhibits two new emission features in the bandgap at 0.9 and 2.0 eV above the top of the valence band. These features originate from Mo derived states of a defect involving two or more Mo atoms, such as crystallographic shear planes. Because of the insulating nature of MoO 3 , surface charging and electron beam induced damage were substantial hindrances to electron spectroscopic examination.
On a fundamental physical principle underlying the point location algorithm in computer graphics [for EM field theory]

The issue of point location is an important problem in computer graphics and the study of efficient data structures and fast algorithms is an important research area for both computer graphics and computational geometry disciplines. When filling the interior region of a planar polygon in computer graphics, it is necessary to identify all points that lie within the interior region and those that are outside. Sutherland and Hodgman are credited for designing the first algorithm to solve the problem. Their approach utilizes vector construction and vector cross products, and forms the basis of the "odd parity" rule. To verify whether a test point is within or outside a given planar polygon, a ray from the test point is drawn extending to infinity in any direction without intersecting a vertex. If the ray intersects the polygon outline an odd number of times, the region is considered interior. Otherwise, the point is outside the region. In three-dimensional space (3-space), Lee and Preparata propose an algorithm but their approach is limited to point location relative to convex polyhedrons with vertices in 3-space. Although it is rich on optimal data structures to reduce the storage requirement and efficient algorithms for fast execution, a proof of correctness of the algorithm, applied to the general problem of point location relative to any arbitrary surface in 3-space, is absent in the literature. This paper argues that the electromagnetic field theory and Gauss's Law constitute a fundamental basis for the "odd parity" rule and shows that the "odd parity" rule may be correctly extended to point location relative to any arbitrary closed surface in 3-space.
The Role of Positive Feedback in Intelligent Tutoring Systems

The focus of this study is positive feedback in one-on-one tutoring, its computational modeling, and its application to the design of more effective Intelligent Tutoring Systems. A data collection of tutoring sessions in the domain of basic Computer Science data structures has been carried out. A methodology based on multiple regression is proposed, and some preliminary results are presented. A prototype Intelligent Tutoring System on linked lists has been developed and deployed in a collegelevel Computer Science class.
Selective activation of PPARγ in skeletal muscle induces endogenous production of adiponectin and protects mice from diet-induced insulin resistance

The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ plays a key role in regulating whole body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Although it is expressed most highly i...
Mobile multi-layered IPsec

To achieve high throughput in wireless networks, smart forwarding and processing of packets in access routers are critical for overcoming the effects of the wireless links. However, these services cannot be provided if data sessions are protected using end-to-end encryption as with IPsec, because the information needed by these algorithms resides inside the portion of the packet that is encrypted, and can therefore not be used by the access routers. A previously proposed protocol, called multi-layered IPsec (ML-IPsec) modifies IPsec in a way so that certain portions of the datagram may be exposed to intermediate network elements, enabling these elements to provide performance enhancements. In this paper we extend ML-IPsec to deal with mobility and make it suitable for wireless networks. We define and present performance measurements of an efficient key distribution protocol to enable fast ML-IPsec session initialization, and two mobility protocols that are compatible with mobile IP and maintain ML-IPsec sessions. Our measurements show that, depending on the mobility protocol chosen, integrated mobile IP/ML-IPsec handoffs result in a pause of 56-105 milliseconds, of which only 31-85 milliseconds may be attributed to ML-IPsec. Further, we provide detailed discussion and performance measurements of our ML-IPsec implementation. We find the resulting protocol only marginally reduces throughput compared to scenarios in which IPsec is used (4%), and when coupled with SNOOP, greatly increases throughput over scenarios using standard TCP over IPsec (165% on average).
Multicenter phase I/II study of cetuximab with paclitaxel and carboplatin in untreated patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer

Purpose Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors have demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study examined the safety profile of the monoclonal antibody EGFR inhibitor, cetuximab, when added to paclitaxel and carboplatin in untreated patients with stage IV NSCLC. Secondary objectives included efficacy and paclitaxel and carboplatin pharmacokinetics during cetuximab treatment. Patients and Methods Patients with tumor evidence of EGFR by immunohistochemistry, performance status of 0 to 2, and measurable disease received paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 with carboplatin area under the curve = 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks. Cetuximab was administered at 400 mg/m2, 1 week before paclitaxel and carboplatin, then weekly at 250 mg/m2. The regimen continued until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Results Thirty-one of 32 enrolled patients were treated. The most common cetuximab toxicity was rash in 84% of patients (grade 3 in 13%). Pharmacokin...
Unattended ground sensor based on fiber BRAGG grating technology

In this paper we have demonstrated an unattended seismic wave sensor based on the optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology. The basic principle of seismic wave detection and the fiber Bragg grating sensing technique is introduced in brief. Our FBG seismic sensor system consists of the broadband light source, FBG sensors coupled with spring / mass configuration, 3-dB optical couplers, demodulator FBG gratings, signal detection and processing hardware. Systematic experiments were carried out in Fort Dix at New Jersey. Target source includes personnel, military HMMWV and wheeled truck. The FFT analysis shows that the frequency response of the seismic signal is 20-40 Hz. The comparison data also show that the FBG sensor is more sensitive than the conventional seismic sensor both in personnel and vehicle detection. The ultimate object of this imbedded fiber optic sensor system is to recognize the presence of troop or vehicle movement through their induced seismic activity as a helpful tool in battlefield monitoring and perimeter defense system.
Serositis: comparative analysis of histological findings and pathogenetic mechanisms in nonbacterial serosal inflammation

Peritonitis is the established term for infective inflammation of the peritoneum, while serositis generally refers to nonorganismal inflammation in any serous cavity, including the peritoneum. In continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) literature, however, culture-negative peritoneal inflammation is referred to as "sterile" or "chemical" peritonitis. These terms not only imply unwarranted etiologic assumptions, but may also deflect attention from the existence of medical conditions to which the peritoneum is subject. This is evident in CAPD literature where there is little recognition that the peritoneum, as a member of the serosa and a secretor of lamellar bodies, is prey to a wide range of disorders. Thus before, during, and after CAPD, the membrane is liable to fall victim to disease states unconnected with the process of dialysis. Significant peritoneal pathology occurs as part of a pan-serositis, which may be metabolic (uremia, cholesterolosis), autoimmune (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid disease, acute rheumatism, endocrinopathies), genetic (recurrent hereditary polyserositis), allergic (eosinophilic serositis), and granulomatous in nature. This paper presents a comparative analysis of histopathological presentation and pathogenetic mechanisms involved in all forms of peritoneal serositis. It incorporates recent advances in molecular biology of the membrane into a holistic reappraisal of peritoneal pathology, revealing hitherto unrecognized homologies in peritoneal reaction to diverse disorders.
Improving press coverage of environmental risk

Continuing education programs are needed to provide journalists with an understanding of risk assessment, and the preparation required to produce ac curate, professional coverage of environmental problems. The key audience for such programs is general assignment and local-beat reporters and their editors, rather than specialized science and environmental writers. In conducting such educational programs, the researchers learned that reporters and editors auto matically think in terms of the traditional journalistic determinants of news, rather than the scientific degree of risk. Journalists and news sources often col lide because they make assumptions based on their own very different defini tions and expectations. News sources wishing to influence media coverage should adjust their messages according to the needs of journalists: to achieve this, they too can benefit from continuing education programs.
Dialysis Catheters and Their Common Complications: An Update

Tunneled dialysis catheters (TDCs) are associated with the highest rate of complications, morbidity, and mortality when compared to arteriovenous fistulas or grafts, and this relates to higher costs in their management. Over time, catheters are prone to higher rates of infection, thrombosis, and central venous stenosis, and, thereby, catheter dysfunction. Lower blood flow rates are a consequence of the dysfuncion. Despite efforts to reduce incident and prevalent rates of catheter use for dialysis by the National Kidney Foundation and Fistula First Initiative, they remain a common modality of hemodialysis. The management of common TDC-related complications is discussed, in addition to ways to reduce and prevent morbidity associated with their use.
Familial Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Genetic Study Providing Evidence for Transmission of a Sex-Limited, Dominant Trait

Three generations of a kindred comprising 50 individuals are described in which recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy has occurred with high frequency. A uniform expression and complete penetrance of the trait in the women of a limited "affected" portion of the kindred (6 affected of 10 women), along with the direct parent-to-child inheritance mode, supports the conclusion that the inheritance mode is Mendelian dominant in type. Male expression of the phenotype seems to be inhibited. This is derived from observations that unmasking of carriers in the kindred by normal challenge provided useful information only in women, and was unhelpful when applied to a male obligate carrier. A linkage analysis is presented that explores the possibility of a relationship between the syndrome and homologous leukocyte antibody histocompatibility antigens. On the basis of present data, no conclusion can presently be reached regarding this possibility.
Ideologies of Authenticity: Youth, Politics, and Diaspora

(1999). Ideologies of Authenticity: Youth, Politics, and Diaspora. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 139-150.
Impact of Advanced Technologies on Medium-Duty Trucks Fuel Efficiency

Rising fuel costs, increased regulations, and heightened customer sensitivity to energy efficiency has prompted the evaluation of numerous powertrain technology improvements to introduce into production. The actual impact of such technologies can differ broadly, depending on the technology or application. To evaluate the fuel consumption impact, various baseline vehicles have been created and simulated by using Argonne National Laboratory's vehicle modeling and simulation tool, the Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit (PSAT). This paper provides a quantitative evaluation of several technologies or combinations of technologies. First, we assess the impact of single technologies, including vehicle/chassis characteristics, such as weight, aerodynamics, or rolling resistance. Next, we consider advanced powertrain technologies, ranging from dieselization to transmissions with a higher gear number, and hybridization. Finally, we examine the effects of combining each technology, such as aerodynamics and tire improvements.
Organizational Identity: The Ongoing Puzzle of Definition and Redefinition

In this paper, we present a model of organizational identity, generating specific, testable propositions. In particular, we extend the conceptualization of the features of organizational identity beyond what is central, distinctive and enduring to include the crystallization of identity, pivotal identity space, and identity incongruence, providing a more complete description. We also develop four identity frames through which organizational identity is created and communicated, specifically the espoused, enacted, ascribed, and associative identity frames, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses and differential effects on the features of organizational identity, contributing to a richer understanding of organizational identity and the process through which it is communicated and perceived.
Pollution and Regime Support: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Beijing

Using an eight-week long original survey conducted day-by-day in Beijing in 2015, we leverage daily variation in air quality to estimate the causal effects of pollution on support for the Chinese regime. Our results show that pollution undermines the regime's performance legitimacy: it decreases satisfaction with both central and local governments, increases demand for oversight of government, and negatively affects perceptions of economic performance. Additionally, we time our survey to partially coincide with a period during which the government intentionally reduced air pollution, allowing us to exploit a unique instance of authoritarian environmental engineering. We show that government efforts to reduce pollution do successfully improve citizens' evaluations of the regime. To our knowledge, this paper provides the first causal estimates of the challenges to popular support posed by environmental issues in a developing country, and also illustrates the specific ways that public opinion under authoritarian governance is affected by pollution.
MicroPET/CT assessment of FDG uptake in brain after long-term methylphenidate treatment in nonhuman primates ☆

Methylphenidate (MPH) is a psychostimulant commonly used for the treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Since the long-term effects of this drug on the central nervous system (CNS) are not well understood, we conducted microPET/CT scans on young adult male rhesus monkeys (n=4/group) to gather information on brain metabolism using the uptake of [(18)F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose (FDG) as a marker. Approximately two-year old, male rhesus monkeys were treated orally with MPH twice per day, five days per week (M-F) over a 6-year period. Subjects received MPH at either 2.5 or 12.5mg/kg/dose or vehicle (Prang). To minimize the acute effects of MPH on FDG uptake, microPET/CT scans were scheduled on Mondays before their first daily dosing of the week (approximately 68h since their last treatment). FDG (370±8.88MBq) was injected intravenously and 30min later microPET/CT images were obtained over 60min. Radiolabeled tracer accumulation in regions of interest (ROIs) in the prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, striatum and cerebellum were converted into Standard Uptake Values (SUVs). Compared to the control group, the uptake of FDG in the cerebellum was significantly decreased in both the low and high dose groups. These preliminary data demonstrate that microPET imaging is capable of distinguishing differences in retention of FDG in the brains of NHPs treated chronically with MPH and suggests that this approach may provide a minimally invasive biomarker for exploring the effects of chronic MPH treatment on aspects of brain function.
Performance of 10G-EPON in streaming IPTV

Performance of 10G-EPON in streaming IPTV is studied using a synthetic trace generator. Parameters of interest are number of concurrent channels, degree of video compression, average and maximum packet delays, packet delay variance, and buffer sizes in ONUs. It is shown that 10G-EPON can support a large number of concurrent IPTV channels with minimal buffer size at moderate rates of video compression.
IL-21 Plus CpG ODN Induces Granzyme B-Dependent Induction of Apoptosis in CD5-Positive B Cells Including B-CLL Cells.

Interleukin 21 (IL-21), a recently discovered cytokine with structural homology to IL-2, IL-4 and IL-15, has pleiotropic effects on lymphocyte populations including NK, T and B cells and is currently undergoing early clinical evaluation. We explored the effect of the combination of IL-21 and immunostimulatory CpG ODN on B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), and other CD5-positive B cells. IL-21 plus CpG ODN were synergistic in their ability to induce apoptosis of the B-CLL cells, and also induced production and secretion of granzyme B from the B-CLL cells. B-CLL cells treated with IL-21 and CpG ODN were capable of inducing apoptosis of untreated autologous B-CLL cells. This bystander killing was inhibited by anti-granzyme B antibodies. The effect was observed in all cases of CD5-positive B-CLL, but not in CD5-negative B-CLL samples. IL-21 plus CpG ODN also induced granzyme B production and apoptosis of benign CD5-positive B1 cells obtained from umbilical cord blood. In contrast, the number of CD5-negative B2 cells increased in the same samples during in vitro culture, resulting in a decreased ratio of CD5-positive to CD5-negative cord blood B cells (Fig. 1). Our results indicate the combination of IL-21 and CpG ODN is able to induce apoptosis of both benign and malignant CD5-positive B cells. Given the suspected role of B1 cells in autoimmune diseases, our findings could have important implications for the understanding of their pathogenetic mechanisms. These results might also open new avenues for the development of novel therapies for both autoimmune dieseases and CD5-positive B-CLL.
Diode and Bipolar Transistor Circuits

This chapter reviews rectifier diodes, light emitting diodes, Zener diodes and explains simple circuits incorporating them. The chapter also includes a complete review of bipolar transistors, circuit behavior and the conditions that lead to the bipolar transistor to operate in cut-off, active and saturation regions.
Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Risk in Gluten-Free Followers Without Celiac Disease in the United States: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014.

Despite unclear benefits of gluten-free diets (GFD) in the general population, gluten-free followers without medical indications are driving the market. Few studies have investigated health benefits of GFD in the general population. To estimate metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profiles among gluten-free followers without celiac disease (CD). Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014. There were 13,523 persons without CD who had GFD information. People with known CVD were excluded. We compared gluten-free followers without CD and the general population by selective metabolic and CVD risk profiles using survey-weighted generalized logistic regression. There were 155 gluten-free followers without CD and CVD, corresponding to a weighted prevalence of 1.3% (3.2 million Americans). Gluten-free followers tended to be women and have a smaller waist circumference and higher HDL cholesterol. They also had a lower BMI with a borderline p value (0.053) and significant self-reported weight loss (−1.33 kg) over one year. Moreover, gluten-free followers were more likely to consider their weight appropriate. There was no statistical difference by age, smoking, hypertension, total cholesterol, triglyceride cholesterol, HbA1c, or fasting glucose. Despite a lower probability of having metabolic syndrome (33.0 vs 38.5%) and lower 10-year CVD risk score (4.52 vs 5.70%) in gluten-free followers, there was no statistical difference. Although being on a GFD may be beneficial in weight management, there was no significant difference in terms of prevalence of metabolic syndrome and CVD risk score in gluten-free followers without CD.
FPGAs in the Datacenter: Combining the Worlds of Hardware and Software Development

The Catapult project has brought the power and performance of FPGA-based reconfigurable computing to Microsoft's hyperscale datacenters, accelerating major production cloud applications such as Bing web search and Microsoft Azure, and enabling a new generation of machine learning and artificial intelligence applications. Catapult is now deployed in nearly every new server across the more than a million machines that make up the Microsoft hyperscale cloud. The presence of ubiquitous and programmable silicon in the datacenter ushers in a new era where the discipline and rigor of the VLSI community are combining with the speed and agility of the software community to form new opportunities in a blend development styles and techniques. In this talk, I will describe the next generation of the Catapult configurable cloud architecture, and the tools and techniques that have made Catapult successful to date. I will also discuss areas where traditional hardware and software development flows fall short, and ways in which the VLSI community can branch into new opportunities in software and computing.
Characteristics of Paraspinal Muscle Spindle Response to Mechanically Assisted Spinal Manipulation: A Preliminary Report.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this preliminary study is to determine muscle spindle response characteristics related to the use of 2 solenoid powered clinical mechanically assisted manipulation (MAM) devices. Methods L6 muscle spindle afferents with receptive fields in paraspinal muscles were isolated in 6 cats. Neural recordings were made during L7 MAM thrusts using the Activator V (Activator Methods Int. Ltd., Phoenix, AZ) and/or Pulstar (Sense Technology Inc., Pittsburgh, PA) devices at their 3 lowest force settings. Mechanically assisted manipulation response measures included (a) the time required post-thrust until the first action potential, (b) differences in mean frequency (MF) and mean instantaneous frequency (MIF) 2 seconds before and after MAM, and (c) the time required for muscle spindle discharge (MF and MIF) to return to 95% of baseline after MAM. Results Depending on device setting, between 44% to 80% (Pulstar) and 11% to 63% (Activator V) of spindle afferents required >6 seconds to return to within 95% of baseline MF values; whereas 66% to 89% (Pulstar) and 75% to 100% (Activator V) of spindle responses returned to within 95% of baseline MIF in Conclusion Short duration ( 6 seconds) to return to baseline MF activity. Physiological consequences and clinical relevance of described MAM mechanoreceptor responses will require additional investigation.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A=242

Abstract The available experimental data pertaining to the nuclear structure of nuclei with A=242 are compiled; various measurements are compared and evaluated. Adopted values, comparison with theory, arguments for spin and party assignments are given. The adopted level and decay properties are based on data received before May 1970 Data received between May and August have been added in proof.
To reduce gender biases, acknowledge them.

A former Google engineer’s memo on diversity reveals psychological blind spots, not biological differences, says Debbie Chachra.
A peptide derived from naturally occurring surfactant protein A (SP-A) inhibits the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) and NOX2 activation and prevents mouse lung injury following intratracheal LPS

We have developed a peptide based on the naturally occurring 26 kDa SP-A protein that inhibits the PLA2 but not the GPx activity of Prdx6. A 16 aa sequence was predicted by the ZDOCK program as the molecular site for binding of SP-A to Prdx6 and was confirmed using ITC and CD measurements.The peptide (called PLA2-inhibitory peptide or PIP) inhibited the PLA2 activity of recombinant human Prdx6 by ~70% and similarly inhibited Prdx6-associated PLA2 activity in homogenates of mouse lungs while presence of the peptide prevented the activation of lung NOX2.We have found since that a 9 aa peptide, named PIP-2,retains the Prdx6-inhibitory properties of both the protein and PIP. PIP was tested in a mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) generated by the intratracheal instillation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).PIP was encapsulated in liposomes for intracellular delivery and administered IV to mice either co-incidentally with or at 12–14 h after LPS. Mouse lungs evaluated at 24 h after LPS showed a marked decrease of lung leukocytic infiltration, of altered permeability, and of the oxidation of tissue macromolecules in the animals receiving PIP. These studies suggest that PIP might be a useful therapeutic for the prevention and treatment of ALI.
Identification, mapping, and marker development of stem rust resistance genes in durum wheat ‘Lebsock’

Wheat production in many wheat-growing regions is vulnerable to stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt). Several previous studies showed that most of the durum cultivars adapted to the upper Great Plains in the USA have good resistance to the major Pgt pathotypes, including the Ug99 race group. To identify the stem rust resistance (Sr) genes in the durum cultivar ‘Lebsock’, a tetraploid doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between Lebsock and Triticum turgidum ssp. carthlicum PI 94749 was screened with the Pgt races TTKSK, TRTTF, and TTTTF. The stem rust data and the genotypic data previously developed were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance. We identified one QTL each on chromosome arms 4AL, 6AS, 6AL, and 2BL. Based on marker and race-specification analysis, we postulated that the QTL on 4AL, 6AS, 6AL, and 2BL correspond to Sr7a, Sr8155B1, Sr13, and likely Sr9e, respectively. The results indicated that most of the US durum germplasm adapted to the upper Great Plains likely harbors the four major Sr genes characterized in this study. Among these genes, Sr8155B1 was recently identified and shown to be unique in that it conferred susceptibility to TTKSK but resistance to variant race TTKST. Two, three, and one thermal asymmetric reverse PCR (STARP) markers were developed for Sr7a, Sr8155-B1, and Sr13, respectively. Knowledge of the Sr genes in durum germplasm and the new STARP markers will be useful to pyramid and deploy multiple Sr genes in future durum and wheat cultivars.