cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of ultracapacitor-modified PHEV protocol on performance degradation in lithium-ion cells

Abstract The cycle life of lithium-ion batteries was investigated using a modified USABC electric vehicle testing protocol designed to simulate the effect of a hybrid energy-storage system (ultracapacitor and battery) in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. A side-by-side comparison of battery capacity and impedance changes with and without the effect of the ultracapacitor was performed. Calendar-life degradation effects were corrected for using control cells. The battery’s rate of cycle-related capacity degradation decreased by a factor of 2 and rate of cycle-related impedance degradation, by a factor of 5.9 when exposed to the ultracapacitor-modified profile. The modified profile avoids exposure to regeneration energy and reduces maximum voltage of the battery.
First-principles investigation of metal-hydrogen interactions in NbH

First-principles total-energy calculations have been performed for NbH in the $\ensuremath{\beta}$- and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$- phase structures. Lattice constants, bulk moduli, and heats of formation as well as the frequencies and second harmonics of the optical vibrations of hydrogen and deuterium in the lattice have been calculated and found to be in excellent agreement with experiment. Our calculated electronic densities of states resolve the discrepancy between previous band calculations and photoemission experiments.
Variation and genetic control of protein abundance in humans

A large-scale analysis of variation in human protein levels between individuals is performed using mass-spectrometry-based proteomic technology, and a number of protein quantitative trait loci are identified; over 5% of proteins vary by more than 1.5-fold in their expression levels between individuals, and this variation is not always linked to RNA level. Efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation between individuals have focused mainly on events at the level of RNA and transcription factor binding, and on mapping the genetic loci responsible. Proteins are much closer to phenotypes than RNA but few studies have analysed protein variation on a global level. Here, a large-scale analysis of variation in protein levels between 95 diverse individuals genotyped in the HapMap Project is performed using mass spectrometry-based proteomic technology, and a number of protein quantitative trait loci are identified. Over 5% of proteins vary more than 1.5 fold in their expression levels between individuals, and this variation is not always linked to RNA levels. Gene expression differs among individuals and populations and is thought to be a major determinant of phenotypic variation. Although variation and genetic loci responsible for RNA expression levels have been analysed extensively in human populations1,2,3,4,5, our knowledge is limited regarding the differences in human protein abundance and the genetic basis for this difference. Variation in messenger RNA expression is not a perfect surrogate for protein expression because the latter is influenced by an array of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, and, empirically, the correlation between protein and mRNA levels is generally modest6,7. Here we used isobaric tag-based quantitative mass spectrometry to determine relative protein levels of 5,953 genes in lymphoblastoid cell lines from 95 diverse individuals genotyped in the HapMap Project8,9. We found that protein levels are heritable molecular phenotypes that exhibit considerable variation between individuals, populations and sexes. Levels of specific sets of proteins involved in the same biological process covary among individuals, indicating that these processes are tightly regulated at the protein level. We identified cis-pQTLs (protein quantitative trait loci), including variants not detected by previous transcriptome studies. This study demonstrates the feasibility of high-throughput human proteome quantification that, when integrated with DNA variation and transcriptome information, adds a new dimension to the characterization of gene expression regulation.
IDENTIFICATION OF A HUMAN DERMAL MACROPHAGE POPULATION RESPONSIBLE FOR CONSTITUTIVE RESTRAINT OF PRIMARY DERMAL FIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION

Primary human dermal cell suspensions prepared from the papillary dermis of keratomed skin strips were used to investigate the effect of indigenous dermal macrophages (HLA-DR + , CD11c + CD11b + CD1c − phagolysosome + ) upon dermal fibroblast proliferation. Rapid dermal fibroblast expansion was induced upon immunomagnetic bead removal of CD11b + or CD11c + cells as well as by removal of more inclusive subsets contained within the DR + population, but the removal of mast cells, endothelial cells, and CD1c + dermal Langerhans cells from dermal cell suspensions Failed to result in proliferation of the remaining cell subsets. Removal of lB10 + fibroblasts from macrophage depleted (CD11b − ) dermal cell suspensions essentially abrogated the unrestrained proliferation of the CD11b - dermal cells. Flow cytometric cell cycle analysis of cultured macrophage-depleted dermal cells confirmed that the unrestrained proliferating cells contain procollagen I + as well as procollagen I − dermal fibroblasts. Inhibition of primary fibroblast expansion by adding a supernatant from unfractionated dermal cells suggested that a growth-inhibitory soluble activity of >30,000kDa dominates the cytokine mixture released by unfractionated fresh dermal cells ex vivo. Inhibitory activity counterbalanced positive fibroblast growth-stimulatory cytokines released by dermal cells because neutralizing antibodies to insulin like growth factor 1 and interleukin-1 β resulted in decreased CD11b − dermal cell fibroblast proliferation. These data indicate an important role for dermal macrophages of the DR + CD11b + CD11c + CD1c − phenotype in the normal homeostatic restraint of primary human dermal fibroblast proliferation.
Prehatching motility and hatching behavior in the chick.

In previous communications, the motility of the chick embryo up to 17 days of incubation had been characterized as spontaneous rhythmical uncoordinated random motility. On the other hand, the opening of the shell and hatching are accomplished by a sequence of vigorous back thrusts of the head and beak against the shell. The head movments are part of a coordinated action pattern which includes wriggling movements of the body which have a rotatory component, resulting in the rotation of the body along its axis; and the bracing of the shoulder and tarsal joints against the shell. We have found that similar coordinated movements including a rotatory component are instrumental in several other action patterns which are preparatory to hatching. They include: the lifting of the head out of the yolk sac; the tucking of the head under the right wing; the assumption of the typical hatching position; and pipping. Another preparatory step, namely the penetration of the membrane separating the embryo from the air space does not require coordinated movements. All these movements were observed through windows in the shell; they are described in detail. Coordinated movements appear to originate de novo around day 17. They do not seem to be related to the random movements which are characteristic of earlier embryos. The latter continue until the onset of hatching, but they are suspended temporarily while the coordinated movements are performed during tucking, pipping and hatching.
Oral versus parenteral antibiotics for the initial treatment of a first episode of acute pyelonephritis in children.

Oral versus parenteral antibiotics for the initial treatment of a first episode of acute pyelonephritis in children
Alterations in Functional Activation in Euthymic Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia During a Working Memory Task

Dysfunctions in prefrontal cortical networks are thought to underlie working memory (WM) impairments consistently observed in both subjects with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. It remains unclear, however, whether patterns of WM-related hemodynamic responses are similar in bipolar and schizophrenia subjects compared to controls. We used fMRI to investigate differences in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activation during a WM task in 21 euthymic bipolar I patients, 20 schizophrenia patients, and 38 healthy controls. Subjects were presented with four stimuli (abstract designs) followed by a fifth stimulus, and required to recall whether the last stimulus was among the four presented previously. Task-related brain activity was compared within and across groups. All groups activated prefrontal cortex (PFC), primary and supplementary motor cortex, and visual cortex during the WM task. There were no significant differences in PFC activation between controls and euthymic bipolar subjects, but controls exhibited significantly increased activation (cluster-corrected P<0.05) compared to schizophrenia patients in prefrontal regions including dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). While the bipolar group exhibited intermediate percent signal change in a functionally-defined DLPFC region of interest with respect to the schizophrenia and control groups, effects remained significant only between schizophrenia patients and controls. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may share some behavioral, diagnostic, and genetic features. Differences in the patterns of WM-related brain activity across groups, however, suggest some diagnostic specificity. Both patient groups showed some regional task-related hypoactivation compared to controls across the brain. Within DLPFC specifically, schizophrenia patients exhibited more severe WM-related dysfunction than bipolar subjects.
Staff training and turnover in Alzheimer special care units: comparisons with non-special care units.

Nursing facility staff may not be properly trained todeal with behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. We collected data about specialized dementia training and turnover among licensed nurses and nursing assistants in 400 nursing units in 124 Minnesota nursing facilities. Staff training may affect the retention of paraprofessional and professional nursing staff. A diversity of training methods, including workshops or seminars, films or videos, outside consultants, reading materials, training manuals, in-house experts, role playing techniques, or an orientation program for new staff, might be used to develop more effective training programs and reduce rates of nursing assistant turnover.
A Review of Design for X Methods for Medical Devices: The Introduction of a Design for FDA Approach

This paper focuses on the importance of the regulations, in particular the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in the development of medical devices. The FDA regulates medical devices to assure that these products are safe and effective before their release into the Unites States market. We introduce the concept of Design for FDA (DfFDA) and describe DfFDA guidelines for medical device development. While many researchers describe the regulations in the form of reviews and models, the literature to date has not reported a DfFDA method. Here, DfFDA is proposed as a method to be used in parallel with other DfX methods when applicable. The DfX methods identified include: Design for Validation (DfV), Design for Reliability (DfR), Design for Quality (DfQ), Design for Manufacturing (DfM), Design for Assembly (DfA) and Design for Usability (DfU). This paper also reviews the literature addressing the FDA regulations and DfX methods, and an overview of the FDA regulations is presented. DfFDA is developed to increase awareness about regulatory compliance and promote designers to consider the regulations throughout the development process of medical devices.© 2011 ASME
3D simulation of wind turbine rotors at full scale. Part I: Geometry modeling and aerodynamics

In this two-part paper we present a collection of numerical methods combined into a single framework, which has the potential for a successful application to wind turbine rotor modeling and simulation. In Part 1 of this paper we focus on: 1. The basics of geometry modeling and analysis-suitable geometry construction for wind turbine rotors; 2. The fluid mechanics formulation and its suitability and accuracy for rotating turbulent flows; 3. The coupling of air flow and a rotating rigid body. In Part 2 we focus on the structural discretization for wind turbine blades and the details of the fluid–structure interaction computational procedures. The methods developed are applied to the simulation of the NREL 5MW offshore baseline wind turbine rotor. The simulations are performed at realistic wind velocity and rotor speed conditions and at full spatial scale. Validation against published data is presented and possibilities of the newly developed computational framework are illustrated on several examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trauma centers with higher rates of angiography have a lesser incidence of splenectomy in the management of blunt splenic injury

Background Nonoperative management (NOM) for blunt splenic injury (BSI) is well-established. Angiography (ANGIO) has been shown to improve success rates with NOM. Protocols for NOM are not standardized and vary widely between centers. We hypothesized that trauma centers that performed ANGIO at a greater rate would demonstrate decreased rates of splenectomy compared with trauma centers that used ANGIO less frequently. Methods A large, multicenter, statewide database (Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation) from 2007 to 2011 was used to generate the study cohort of patients with BSI (age ≥ 13). The cohort was divided into 2 populations based on admission to centers with high (≥13%) or low ( Results The overall rate of splenectomy in the entire cohort was 21.0% (1,120 of 5,333 BSI patients). The high ANGIO group had a lesser rate of splenectoy compared with the low ANGIO group (19% vs 24%; P P Conclusion Treatment of BSI at trauma centers that performed ANGIO more frequently resulted in lesser splenectomy rates compared with centers with lesser rate of ANGIO. Inclusion of angiographic protocols for NOM of BSI should be considered strongly.
Stability of Delinquent Peer Associations A Biosocial Test of Warr’s Sticky-Friends Hypothesis

The study of delinquent peers has remained at the forefront of much criminological research and theorizing. One issue of particular importance involves the factors related to why people associate with and maintain a sustained involvement with delinquent peers. Although efforts have been made to address these questions, relatively little attempt has been made to understand these relationships from a biosocial perspective. This gap in the literature is addressed in an analysis of twins from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). The results of the univariate behavioral genetic models reveal that genetic factors account for between 58% and 74% of the variance in the association with delinquent peers, with the remaining variance attributable to environmental factors. Bivariate Cholesky decomposition models reveal that genetic factors account for 58% of the variance in the stability in delinquent peers. The shared environment explains 34% of the variance in stability, and the remain...
Identification, Tracking and Visualization of Platelets in Intravital Microscopy

Intravital microscopy permits observation of live events in intact tissues to study a variety of issues, including quantifying cell-vessel wall interactions. The analysis of the parameters is labor-intensive, subjective and limited to broad categories of blood cell-vessel wall interactions. We are developing an algorithmic approach that aids in analysis, automatically and objectively detects and tracks platelets, and expands information derived from such videos. We integrate computer vision and break the identification, tracking and visualization into steps. We enable simple and computationally efficient means of eliminating movement within a video based on positively shifting of an identified feature and visualize platelet paths.
Virtual Direction Routing for overlay networks

The enormous interest for peer-to-peer systems in recent years has prompted research into finding scalable and robust seeding and searching methods to support these overlay networks. Routing and search in these overlay networks have ranged from flooding-based unstructured techniques to structured ones mainly for popular and rate items respectively. In this paper, we propose a new method of establishing a virtual structure and introduce a technique to scalably route packets through an unstructured overlay network. We introduce Virtual Direction Routing (VDR). VDR is a lightweight and scalable overlay network routing protocol that uses the concept of virtual directions to efficiently perform node information seeding and lookup. State information is replicated at nodes along virtual orthogonal lines originating from each node and periodically updated. When a path lookup is initiated, instead of flooding the network, query packets are also forwarded along virtual orthogonal lines until an intersection with the seeded state occurs. We show that VDR achieves high reachability with relatively low seed and search packet TTL even under high network churn. We also show that VDR scales well without imposing DHT-like graph structures (e.g., trees, rings, torus, coordinate-space) and the path stretch compared to random-walk protocols is very good. The tradeoff is added latency by choosing suboptimal paths.
Homocysteine causes cerebrovascular leakage in mice

Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with cerebrovascular disease and activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which lead to vascular remodeling that could disrupt the blood-brain ba...
Twin slot antenna structures integrated with microbolometer detectors for 94-GHz imaging

The twin slot antenna on a dielectric stack should find application in the far-infrared spectral region. We present measurements at 94 GHz which show that this antenna will be useful as an imaging element. Based on these results, in combination with a new detector element, a two-dimensional FIR imaging array is proposed.
Allyl(2‐chloroethyl)dimethylsilane

[104107-85-9] C7H15ClSi (MW 162.71) (a useful β-hydroxyethyl carbanion equivalent and silacycle precursor) InChI = 1S/C7H15ClSi/c1-4-6-9(2,3)7-5-8/h4H,1,5-7H2,2-3H3 InChIKey = QEQUOBOEEJIONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Physical Data: bp 70 °C/40 mm. Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: pale yellow oil; not commercially available. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: prone to hydrolysis. Toxicological properties not known; assumed to be toxic.
Growth kinetics of top and bottom cultures of Saccharomyces spp. in a chemostat using sugarbeet molasses

Comparaison de la croissance de 3 souches en cultures pures ou en melange. Application a l'optimisation de la fermentation ethanolique des melasses
Pulmonary blastoma in childhood

Pulmonary blastoma (PB) has been considered a very rare primary lung malignant neoplasm. In children, it is one of the rarest cancers reported. To my knowledge, there are only 24 pediatric cases of PB in patients ranging from 2 months to 15 years of age, representing one-fourth of all reported cases in the literature. The association of PB with an underlying abnormal pulmonary morphogenesis, characterized by "cystic lesions," suggests that there is a teratogenic-oncogenic relationship. Review of the literature and the clinical and pathologic features of PB in a 2-1/2-year-old white female are discussed.
Cytochrome b558: the flavin-binding component of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase

The phagocyte respiratory burst oxidase is a flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent dehydrogenase and an electron transferase that reduces molecular oxygen to superoxide anion, a precursor of microbicidal oxidants. Several proteins required for assembly of the oxidase have been characterized, but the identity of its flavin-binding component has been unclear. Oxidase activity was reconstituted in vitro with only the purified oxidase proteins p47phox, p67phox, Rac-related guanine nucleotide (GTP)-binding proteins, and membrane-bound cytochrome b558. The reconstituted oxidase required added FAD, and FAD binding was localized to cytochrome b558. Alignment of the amino acid sequence of the beta subunit of cytochrome b558 (gp91phox) with other flavoproteins revealed similarities to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced) (NADPH)-binding domains. Thus flavocytochrome b558 is the only obligate electron transporting component of the NADPH oxidase.
A Multichannel Cooperative Scheme for Wireless Networks and Performance Characterization

A cooperative random access protocol, namely ALLIANCES, was recently proposed for resolving collisions in wireless networks. In (Dong, L, et al., 2006), we proposed an multichannel extension of ALLIANCES that in addition to cooperation diversity can exploit multipath diversity, and thus improve throughput at high traffic load and reduce packet delays. In this paper, we propose an improvement on (Dong, L, et al., 2006) that makes more efficient use of available bandwidth and thus can achieve high throughput at all traffic loads. Furthermore, we present analytic performance characterization that provides insight on the relationship between achievable diversity and parameters like collision order, number of relays, channel length and number of carriers per subchannel.
The genetics of gene expression in complex mouse crosses as a tool to study the molecular underpinnings of behavior traits

Complex Mus musculus crosses provide increased resolution to examine the relationships between gene expression and behavior. While the advantages are clear, there are numerous analytical and technological concerns that arise from the increased genetic complexity that must be considered. Each of these issues is discussed, providing an initial framework for complex cross study design and planning.
Ultrathin Body GaN-on-Insulator Quantum Well FETs With Regrown Ohmic Contacts

A technology similar to silicon-on-insulator is highly desirable for III-V electronics to support scaling for future generations. This letter reports the first realization of strained GaN quantum-well transistors embedded in unstrained AlN as the insulator. The molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown heterostructure consisting of an ultrathin GaN channel buried in strain-free AIN barriers is favorable for scaling by the suppression of short-channel effects. Ohmic contacts are realized with MBE-regrown heavily Si-doped n+ GaN. For long-channel devices, a saturation drain current of ~0.7 A/mm at VGS = +3 V and a peak extrinsic transconductance of ~160 mS/mm around VGS = +1 V are measured at VDS = +10 V. No hysteresis is observed in the C-V measurement, indicating the high quality of all binary nitride heterostructures. The demonstrated device structure offers a high promise for high-frequency and high-power applications in the future. The strain-free barrier has the potential to enhance the reliability of GaN transistors.
Design and test: The Lost World

In the film The Lost World released in the summer of 1997, based on the 1995 Michael Crichton novel, scientists speculate about whether remote areas exist, far from human view, where dinosaurs survived and prospered, in spite of their apparent extinction and replacement by other life forms. Is the same true in design and test today? Are there places unknown to us where practices are those of a bygone era? This paper examines the evolution of design and test, and the social as well as technical factors which lead to new design practices.
Northern = smart and Southern = nice: The development of accent attitudes in the United States

Adults evaluate others based on their speech, yet little is known of the developmental trajectory by which accent attitudes are acquired. Here we investigate the development of American children's attitudes about Northern- and Southern-accented American English. Children in Illinois (the “North”) and Tennessee (the “South”) evaluated the social desirability, personality characteristics, and geographic origins of Northern- and Southern-accented individuals. Five- to 6-year-old children in Illinois preferred the Northern-accented speakers as potential friends, yet did not demonstrate knowledge of any stereotypes about the different groups; 5–6-year-old children in Tennessee did not show a preference towards either type of speaker. Nine- to 10-year-old children in both Illinois and Tennessee evaluated the Northern-accented individuals as sounding “smarter” and “in charge”, and the Southern-accented individuals as sounding “nicer.” Thus, older children endorse similar stereotypes to those observed in adulthoo...
In vitro biotransformation of thiazopyr by rat liver microsomes: oxidative cleavage of a carboxylic methylester by monooxygenases.

1. Thiazopyr was metabolized by liver microsomes from male Sprague-Dawley rats to a previously unidentified metabolite.2. The new metabolite was identified by coelution with an authentic standard in hplc and by electrospray lc/ms as the corresponding carboxylic acid.3. Formation of the carboxylic acid metabolite was inhibited in the presence of mono-oxygenase inhibitors including piperonyl butoxide, 1-aminobenzotriazole, metyrapone and tetcyclacis.4. Transformation of thiazopyr to its carboxylic acid by rat liver microsomes is mediated by mono-oxygenases and not hydrolases.
Sensitivity to the Aromatase Inhibitor Letrozole Is Prolonged After a “Break” in Treatment

Using a hormone-dependent xenograft model, we established that loss of response to letrozole was accompanied by upregulation of the Her-2/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and downregulation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and aromatase activity. In our previous study, we showed that stopping letrozole treatment or adding trastuzumab could reverse acquired resistance. In this study, we compared the effects of intermittent letrozole treatment and switching treatment between letrozole and trastuzumab on tumor growth in an attempt to optimize discontinuous letrozole treatment. The mice were treated with letrozole until the tumors developed resistance and then were divided into three groups: (a) letrozole, (b) trastuzumab, and (c) "off" (Delta(4)A supplement only); tumors were collected every week to examine changes in tumor protein expression and activity. In off group tumors, Her-2/p-MAPK activation gradually decreased and ERalpha and aromatase protein (and activity) increased. Within the first week of trastuzumab treatment, Her-2 and MAPK were downregulated and ERalpha was upregulated. When letrozole-resistant MCF-7Ca tumors were taken off treatment for 4 weeks, the second course of letrozole treatment provided a much longer duration of response (P = 0.02). However, switching treatment to trastuzumab for 4 weeks did not provide any inhibition of tumor growth. Our studies revealed that the adaptation of cells to a low-estrogen environment by upregulation of Her-2/MAPK and downregulation of ERalpha/aromatase was reversed on letrozole withdrawal. The tumors once again became responsive to letrozole for a significant period. These results suggest that response to letrozole can be prolonged by a short "break" in the treatment.
The natural history of AVM hemorrhage in the posterior fossa: comparison of hematoma volumes and neurological outcomes in patients with ruptured infra- and supratentorial AVMs.

Object Patients with posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are more likely to present with hemorrhage than those with supratentorial AVMs. Observed patients subject to the AVM natural history should be informed of the individualized effects of AVM characteristics on the clinical course following a new, first-time hemorrhage. The authors hypothesize that the debilitating effects of first-time bleeding from an AVM in a previously intact patient with an unruptured AVM are more pronounced when AVMs are located in the posterior fossa. Methods The University of California, San Francisco prospective registry of brain AVMs was searched for patients with a ruptured AVM who had a pre-hemorrhage modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 and a post-hemorrhage mRS score obtained within 2 days of the hemorrhagic event. A total of 154 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. Immediate post-hemorrhage presentation mRS scores were dichotomized into nonsevere outcome (mRS ≤ 3) and severe outcome (mRS >...
A Revised Mechanism for Human Cyclooxygenase-2

The mechanism of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation by wild-type cyclooxygenase 2 and the Y334F variant, lacking a conserved hydrogen bond to the catalytic tyrosyl radical/tyrosine, was examined for the first time under physiologically relevant conditions. The enzymes show apparent bimolecular rate constants and deuterium kinetic isotope effects that increase in proportion to co-substrate concentrations before converging to limiting values. The trends exclude multiple dioxygenase mechanisms as well as the proposal that initial hydrogen atom abstraction from the fatty acid is the first irreversible step in catalysis. Temperature dependent kinetic studies reinforce the novel finding that hydrogen transfer from the reduced catalytic tyrosine to a terminal peroxyl radical is the first irreversible step that controls regio- and stereospecific product formation.
The location of the zeros of the higher order derivatives of a polynomial

Let p(z) be a complex polynomial of degree n having k zeros in a disk D. We deal with the problem of finding the smallest concentric disk containing k 1 zeros of p(l)(z). We obtain some estimates on the radius of this disk in general as well as in the special case, where k zeros in D are isolated from the other zeros of p(z). We indicate an application to the root-finding algorithms.
Capturing The Information Conveyed By Opponents' Betting Behavior in Poker

This paper develops an approach to the capture and measurement of the information contained in opponents' bet actions in seven card stud poker. We develop a causal model linking downcards with hand strength, thence to bet actions. The model can be inverted to infer probability distributions over possible downcards from bet actions, given knowledge of opponents' bet policies. For experimental purposes, we propose a simple yet plausible "default" bet policy including deceptive plays. In simulated games, this apparatus is used to compare the Kullback-Leibler information measure between inference of players' hand strength based on dealt cards and players' bet actions, versus inference of hand strength based on dealt cards only. We experimentally associate the K-L divergences with the win-lose rates for simulated players who either do or do not exploit knowledge of opponents' bet actions. Opponent inference carries up to a 36% information advantage over a cards-only player playing the same betting policy, and is worth on the order of .15 bets/hand.
Angiographic findings in diaphragmatic rupture.

The incidence of traumatic rupture of the diaphragm has increased during the past decade, a reflection of the increased number of high speed automobile accidents. The left hemidiaphragm is more commonly ruptured by blunt abdominal trauma.' Occasionally, however, a right hemidiaphragmatic rupture may allow the liver to herniate into the chest. Rupture of the left hemidiaphragm is generally diagnosed in the emergency room from the initial clinical examination supplemented by chest and zbdominal radiographs.,' If stomach or bowel have herniated, the radiographs usually have a characteristic appearance. However, herniation of the spleen is more difficult to establish. Accompanying splenic, hepatic, mesenteric or renal rupture is frequent, and hemothorax is not unusual." Diagnosis of a ruptured right hemidiaphragm may be difficult and the condition may not be suspected until the patient is recovering from other injuries. The usual roentgenographic findings are pleural effusion, basal atelectasis and an apparent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Since herniation of the colon and small bowel is uncommon on the right, barium studies are generally inconclusive. A pneumoperitoneum may establish the diagnosis, but occlusion of the diaphragmatic tear by the herniated structures can prevent free passage of air from the peritoneal to the pleural space.'." Since the diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture is occasionally difficult, angiography may be useful. In addition, unsuspected ruptures may be present in patients who are being evaluated for other types of visceral trauma. We are therefore presenting the angiographic abnormalities observed in four patients with diaphragmatic rupture.
Phase-Shift Measurement of Evanescent Electromagnetic Waves*

Phase shifts suffered by evanescent electromagnetic waves traversing an air gap between two glass prisms have been measured. Because the evanescent waves propagate parallel to the glass-to-air interface, they should be able to penetrate in a direction normal to the interface, without change of phase, although the amplitude is expected to decrease with depth of penetration. This has been confirmed by the experiment, which showed that the phase shifts are substantially independent of the width of the air gap.
Identification of switched reluctance motor states using application specific artificial neural networks

In this paper a novel artificial neural network architecture suitable to identify the states of a switched reluctance motor is developed. This architecture incorporates the a priori knowledge about the motor directly into the structure of a feedforward artificial neural network. A method for backpropagating the error is presented with emphasis given to the specifically developed application specific layers for the switched reluctance motor. The switched reluctance motor model is given. A summary of the integration of the motor model into the ANN is presented. Simulation results show increased convergence rates as well as superior overall identification of the motor states.
Archival Ideals and the Pursuit of a Moderate Disposition

This article posits that archivists are inspired by broad, grand, and even transcendent ideals that guide their work, but that those ideals are beyond their grasp. The inability to attain these ideals sets archivists up to experience frustration and disappointment. By developing a moderate disposition,1 archivists can productively cope with disappointment and still be guided by their ideals to create great value through their work. The article focuses on three concepts or virtues of self-examination—enlarged thought, gratitude, and reverence—that can help archivists cultivate a moderate disposition.
The Fiscal History of Boyacá, 1863-1886: Liberal Dreams and Limited Resources

La historia fiscal de Boyaca entre 1863 y 1886 reflejo la tension entre la realidad de la economia moribunda del Estado y los ideales progresistas de los liberales radicales que controlaron su gobierno. El Estado se apoyo en tributos utilizados en el pasado colonial, como el de deguello, y en innovaciones liberales, como el impuesto directo, que proveyo una fuente de ingreso sorprendentemente efectiva para una economia subdesarrollada. El patron de gasto publico reflejo la misma tension dinamica: los costos presupuestados fueron ajustados en linea con los recursos miserables del Estado, que en terminos per capita estaban entre los mas bajos de la Confederacion. Esta restriccion opero cuando se trato de educacion, una prioridad del gobierno, pero alcanzo un punto extremo con la fracasada Ferreria de Samaca. Detras de estos esquemas ambiciosos y de alto costo estaban las promesas de apoyo financiero del Gobierno Federal, aunque no es claro que tan frecuentemente esas promesas se cumplieron.Esta dinamica fue un factor en la compleja formula politica en la que Boyaca era un puntal de apoyodel pequeno circulo liberal que controlaba el Gobierno Federal, aun cuando sus politicos se quejaban de que Cundinamarca impedia el desarrollo de Boyaca.
Information on regulation of reproductive cyclicity in cattle

Reproductive cycles are regulated by hormones. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of recent information on hormonal regulation of reproductive cycles in order to allow increased understanding of programs that are currently being developed or will be developed for improving reproductive efficiency in cattle. Figure 1 shows a typical hormonal profile for 4 key reproductive hormones during the estrous cycle of the cow. Progesterone comes from the corpus luteum and increases after the time of ovulation and then decreases at the time of luteolysis. Prostaglandin (PG) F2a comes from the nonpregnant uterus and is the hormone responsible for luteolysis. AI, shown below PGF2a is secreted in distinct pulses near the time ofluteolysis. Estradiol-17B increases early in the cycle and after the time of luteolysis. This increase in estradiol causes estrus behaviour and the LH surge. The LH surge is responsible for ovulation of the preovulatory follicle. Ovulation occurs about 28 h after the initiation of the LH surge. The remainder of this manuscript will provide more depth on this simplified view of the estrous cycle by summarizing some recent information on: regulation of follicular development, regulation of corpus luteum function, and how this information can be applied to understanding mechanisms involved postpartum anestrus and development of follicular cysts.
Surface contamination measurement and control by nondestructive techniques.

This paper presents a new technique to measure thin layer contamination on the surface of a material. The technique uses low wavelength ultraviolet irradiation to generate optically stimulated electron emission, also known as photo electron emission, which can be used to evaluate surface cleanliness or surface chemical state. Limited data is presented to show application of this technique to wafer processing, disk lubricant thickness measurement and quality control of printed circuit boards.
Magnetic Gradiometer Using Simultaneous Measurements on Two Cold Atom Clouds

We present measurements of magnetic gradients using atom clouds. Atoms are collected in a 3D MOT and half the atoms are launched. Raman spectroscopy is performed, determining the magnetic field at each atom cloud.
Island and pit formation during growth and annealing of InGaAs/GaAs films

The surface morphology near the onset of 3D roughening of In0.27Ga0.73As/GaAs films was investigated for films both immediately after growth and after annealing. As expected, 3D island nucleation coincides with the onset of strain relaxation at a critical thickness hc. As strain relaxation continues, pits form adjacent to 3D islands. The onset of the pit formation depends on the growth conditions, including the growth temperature and As overpressure, and the areal coverage of 3D islands. On average, pits form only after the area coverage of islands reaches ~50%. The islands and pits coalesce into ripple arrays as the film thickness increases. Films below and above the critical thickness for 3D roughening were annealed to study the stability of islands and pits. For films with thicknesses below hc, initially smooth surfaces evolve into islanded morphologies upon annealing. For films grown above hc which have both islands and pits on the surface, both islands and pits grow and coalesce during annealing. These results suggest that pit formation is favored, but it requires a minimum island coverage and/or wetting layer thickness in order to nucleate.
Rhythm in the Speech and Music of Jazz and Riddim Musicians

Previous research has demonstrated similarities in the rhythmic characteristics of the speech and instrumental music within individual languages, such as French or English, but clear differences in these rhythmic patterns between languages. A recent finding has shown a comparable result for the rhythmic patterns of the spontaneous speech and instrumental music of musicians who speak different dialects of English, such that within-dialect speech and music rhythms are more similar to one another than are across-dialect rhythms. We extend the latter finding by comparing the rhythmic characteristics of the spontaneous speech and jazz productions of jazz musicians who speak American English with those of the spontaneous speech and riddim productions of Jamaican musicians, who speak Jamaican English. We found that the speech and music rhythmic patterns were similar within each dialect but different across dialects. Though scholars have suggested a link between speech prosody and jazz in the past, this is the first study known to us to demonstrate a link between the rhythmic properties of the speech and music of jazz musicians.
A new perspective to velocity control for fixed wing UAVs

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are used in wide ranging applications by civil as well as military organizations all over the world. In an autonomous UAV, a controller onboard the vehicle automatically controls the aircraft's flight and navigation. Airspeed is an important aircraft state that is generally controlled using Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller in most of the commercially available autopilots. In this research work, we first used a PID controller to control the airspeed of Aerosonde UAV that has been modeled as a nonlinear system in Matlab software. On the other hand, we have also used a Phase Lead compensator to control Aerosonde's airspeed. For controller design, the nonlinear aircraft model is linearized around a stable trim point and airspeed controller is designed for the decoupled longitudinal model. Controller performance has been subsequently verified against the nonlinear aircraft model. A performance comparison of airspeed PID controller and Phase Lead compensator is carried out. Our findings show that the Phase Lead compensator performs better in controlling velocity of the UAV. It is expected that this research may lead to a more effective and efficient autopilot design for airspeed control of UAVs.
Framework for continuous quality improvement in the provision of pharmaceutical care

Implementation of the continuous quality improvement (CQI) process by health-care organizations is described. CQI involves a chain of events: Improvement in quality leads to decreased costs because of less rework, fewer mistakes, fewer delays, and better use of people and materials; productivity improves; better quality and lower price facilitate capturing the market, staying in business, and providing more jobs. The implementation of CQI within an organization involves the development, standardization, and deployment of standard methods and the use of daily management, cross-functional management, policy management, departmental management, and quality control circles to maintain, improve, or innovate standard methods. An organization's standard methods, key indicators (indicators for measuring performance of the organization's key functions), and standards emanate from its vision and mission statements and midterm and short-term strategic plans. In a quality control audit, an agreed-upon method, as monitored through a key indicator, is used to measure a result against an established standard; when a problem is detected, a quality control diagnosis is conducted and the method is changed if necessary. Use of this process requires the creation of standard methods for all important aspects of the organization's services, including operations, clinical services, and training of personnel. Health-care managers can use the principles of CQI in assessing the quality of care provided.
A genetic database can be utilized to identify potential biomarkers for biphenotypic hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Biphenotypic hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) is an uncommon primary liver neoplasm. Due to limitations in radiologic imaging for the diagnosis of this condition, biopsy is a common method for diagnosis, which is invasive and holds potential complications. To identify alternative means for obtaining the diagnosis and assessing the prognosis of this condition, we evaluated biomarkers for biphenotypic HCC-CC using a genetic database. Methods: To evaluate the genetic associations with each variable we utilized GeneCards®, The Human Gene Compendium (http://www.genecards.org). The results of our search were entered into the Pathway Interaction Database from the National Cancer Institute (PID-NCI) (http://pid.nci.nih.gov), to generate a biomolecule interaction map. Results: The results of our query yielded 690 genes for HCC, 98 genes for CC and 50 genes for HCC-CC. Genes depicted in this analysis demonstrate the role of hormonal regulation, embryonic development, cell surface adhesion, cytokeratin stability, mucin production, metalloproteinase regulation, Ras signaling, metabolism and apoptosis. Examples of previously described markers included hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS). Novel markers included phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), GPC3, choline kinase alpha (CHKA), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2). Conclusions: GeneCards is a useful research tool in the genetic analysis of low frequency malignancies. Utilizing this tool we identified several biomarkers are methods for diagnosing HCC-CC. Finally, utilizing these methods, HCC-CC was found to be predominantly a subtype of CC.
Cellular Actions of Parathyroid Hormone

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the cellular effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the skeleton. PTH is essential for the maintenance of calcium homeostasis through direct actions on its principal target organs, bone and kidney, and through indirect actions on the gastrointestinal tract. PTH acts directly on the skeleton to promote calcium release from bone and on the kidney to enhance calcium reabsorption. The indirect effects of PTH on the gastrointestinal tract lead to greater calcium absorption through its actions to facilitate the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Actions of PTH at these three sites (the kidney, the skeleton, and the gastrointestinal tract) result in restoration of the extracellular calcium concentration. Furthermore, PTH helps to regulate phosphorus metabolism. An increase in phosphorus leads to a reduction in the circulating calcium concentration. The resultant increase in PTH leads to phosphaturia, a classical physiological effect of the hormone and restoration of the serum phosphorus concentration. Finally, cellular responsiveness to PTH occurs via receptor mediated activation of intracellular events and several major biochemical pathways, which are elucidated in the study.
Large Residential Care Facilities

This chapter addresses the issue of the care of persons with intellectual and developmental disability in large congregated institutions or residential care centers. These institutions were created mostly in the early twentieth century. The rise and the decline of these institutions as well as the philosophical currents predominant at the time are presented here. At the present time it is clear that congregating persons with IDD in large facilities resulted in significant social isolation for the individual and not necessarily in better services.
Excitation–Inhibition Epilepsies

The unique physiology of the developing brain makes the immature brain especially susceptible to seizures and epilepsy. The effects of seizures and epilepsy on the immature brain are distinct from those on the mature brain. Many of the conventional antiepileptic drugs in use today utilize mechanisms of action that are appropriate for the mature brain, but not for the immature brain. Newer antiepileptic drugs are being developed that work through novel mechanisms and are specially designed for the unique physiology and pathology of the immature brain.