cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TWT theory revisited

A self-consistent approach for modelling the coupling between a slow circuit wave and an electron beam is presented. The travelling wave tube (TWT) is based on this coupling, but existing analysis techniques do not include the electric field components of the beam in a self-consistent manner. A detailed account of the handling of the ‘space-charge effect’ is given to demonstrate the internal inconsistencies of the now classic model. This material has become a standard topic in many senior/graduate level courses in microwave electronics. New differential equations are developed to model the coupling; their results are compared with predictions of the classic model.
Blood exposure in single versus double gloving during pelvic surgery

Abstract In light of continued reports suggesting the inadequacy of surgical gloves as sterile barriers, as well as an increasing number of reports describing intraoperative cross infections, a prospective study was performed comparing the presence of visible blood on the hands of surgeons wearing single or double gloves during 45 consecutive major obstetric and gynecologic operations. Single-gloved hands revealed the presence of visible blood in 38% of cases (n = 42) whereas visible blood was noted in only 2% of double-gloved hands (n = 48) (p
Hunting Behavior of Chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) prey on a variety of vertebrates, mostly on red colobus (Procolobus spp.) where the two species are sympatric. Variation across population occurs in hunting frequency and success, in whether hunting is cooperative, i.e., payoffs to individual hunters increase with group size, and in the extent to which hunters coordinate their actions in space and time, and in the impact of hunting on red colobus populations. Also, hunting frequency varies over time within populations, for reasons that are unclear. We present new data on hunting by chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda, and combine them with earlier data (Mitani and Watts, 1999, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 109: 439–454) to examine hunting frequency and success, seasonality, and cooperation. The Ngogo community is the largest and has the most males of any known community. Chimpanzees there mostly hunt red colobus and are much more successful and make many more kills per hunt than at other sites; they kill 6–12% of the red colobus population annually. The number of kills and the offtake of meat per hunt increase with the number of hunters, but per capita meat intake is independent of hunting party size; this suggests that cheating occurs in large parties. Some behavioral cooperation occurs. Hunting success and estimated meat intake vary greatly among males, partly due to dominance rank effects. The high overall success rate leads to relatively high average per capita meat intake despite the large number of consumers. The frequency of hunts and of hunting patrols varies positively with the availability of ripe fruit; this is the first quantitative demonstration of a relationship between hunting frequency and the availability of other food, and implies that the chimpanzees hunt most when they can easily meet energy needs from other sources. We provide the first quantitative support for the argument that variation in canopy structure influences decisions to hunt red colobus because hunts are easier where the canopy is broken.
Using PANDA (Preventing the Abuse of Tobacco, Narcotics, Drugs, and Alcohol) in a Baltimore City Head Start Setting: A Preliminary Study

This preliminary study describes an evaluation of a substance abuse prevention curriculum, the Preventing the Abuse of Tobacco, Narcotics, Drugs, and Alcohol (PANDA) taught to African American Head Start pupils. Protective factors against drug use include positive self-concept. Thus, this study used a measure of self-concept to begin to evaluate the effectiveness of the PANDA curriculum. A prospective cohort design with examiners masked to pre-and post-intervention results was used to evaluate 41 children ages 3 to 5. The Joseph Preschool and Primary Self-Concept Screening Test (JPPSST) was administered prior to the onset of the PANDA and within 1 month following completion of the curriculum. The mean change in JPPSST scores was 4.34, t statistic = 6.1, p ≤0.001. Mean teacher and teacher aide satisfaction with the curriculum was 94%. Following administration of the PANDA, significant improvement was noted in self-concept scores.
ZnO nanowire transistors.

ZnO nanowire field-effect transistors (FETs) were fabricated and studied in vacuum and a variety of ambient gases from 5 to 300 K. In air, these n-type nanowire transistors have among the highest mobilities yet reported for ZnO FETs (Ie ) 13 ( 5c m 2 V -1 s -1 ), with carrier concentrations averaging 5.2 ( 2.5 10 17 cm -3 and on-off current ratios ranging from 10 5 to 10 7 . Four probe measurements show that the resistivity of the Ti/Au-ZnO contacts is 0.002-0.02 ?‚cm. The performance characteristics of the nanowire transistors are intimately tied to the presence and nature of adsorbed surface species. In addition, we describe a dynamic gate effect that seems to involve mobile surface charges and causes hysteresis in the transconductance, among other effects.
Correlation of microdosimetric measurements with relative biological effectiveness from clinical experience for two neutron therapy beams

Microdosimetric measurements were made for the neutron therapy beams at the University of Chicago and at the Cleveland Clinic with the same geometry and phantom material using the same tissue-equivalent spherical proportional counter and standard techniques. The energy deposition spectra (dose distributions in lineal energy) are compared for these beams and for their scattered components (direct beam blocked). The model of dual radiation action (DRA) of Kellerer and Rossi is employed to interpret these data in terms of biological effectiveness over this limited range of radiation qualities. The site-diameter parameter of the DRA theory is determined for the Cleveland beam by setting the biological effectiveness (relative to /sup 60/Co gamma radiation) equal to the relative biological effectiveness value deduced from radiobiology experiments and clinical experience. The resulting value of this site-diameter parameter is then used to predict the biological effectiveness of the Chicago beam. The prediction agrees with the value deduced from radiobiology and clinical experience. The biological effectiveness of the scattered components of both beams is also estimated using the model.
QBoost: Predicting quantiles with boosting for regression and binary classification

In the framework of functional gradient descent/ascent, this paper proposes Quantile Boost (QBoost) algorithms which predict quantiles of the interested response for regression and binary classification. Quantile Boost Regression performs gradient descent in functional space to minimize the objective function used by quantile regression (QReg). In the classification scenario, the class label is defined via a hidden variable, and the quantiles of the class label are estimated by fitting the corresponding quantiles of the hidden variable. An equivalent form of the definition of quantile is introduced, whose smoothed version is employed as the objective function, and then maximized by functional gradient ascent to obtain the Quantile Boost Classification algorithm. Extensive experimentation and detailed analysis show that QBoost performs better than the original QReg and other alternatives for regression and binary classification. Furthermore, QBoost is capable of solving problems in high dimensional space and is more robust to noisy predictors.
Protecting the Family

Violence occurs more frequently within the family than any other place in society. Since Kempe et al. (1) first introduced the “battered child syndrome” into the social consciousness, increasing attention has been given to domestic violence in all its forms: spouse abuse, child abuse, and abuse of elders. Our focus in this chapter will be on child abuse, especially cases in which the abuse is committed by a family member.
Re Hungarian again

This paper is concerned with repetitive adverbials in Hungarian. It presents an overview of the different Hungarian equivalents of again, addressing their properties and their relevance. One of the goals of this paper is descriptive; it offers a systematic description of Hungarian repetitives. In addition, it provides evidence for two major claims. First, meaning differences (including the restitutive — repetitive ambiguity) are due to structural rather than lexical differences. Second, repetitives do not form a homogeneous set. The possible scope positions and in some cases, the denotation, of repetitive adverbials differs. This difference, in general, cannot be predicted from the morphological makeup of the repetitives, so an independent specification of the unexpected properties is necessary.
Effectiveness of micro- and nanomaterials in asphalt mixtures through dynamic modulus and rutting tests

The objectives of this research are to use micro- and nanomaterials to modify the asphalt mixture and to evaluate the mechanical performance of asphalt mixtures. These micro- and nanomaterials, including carbon microfiber, Nanomer material, nanosilica, nonmodified nanoclay, and polymer modified nanoclay, were selected to blend with the control asphalt to improve the overall performance of the modified asphalt binders and mixtures. The microstructures of original materials and asphalt binders were observed by the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The mixture performance tests were employed to evaluate the resistance to rutting and permanent deformation of the modified asphalt mixtures. Test results indicate that (1) the dynamic modulus of micro- and nanomodified asphalt mixtures improved significantly; (2) the rutting susceptibility of the modified asphalt mixtures was reduced significantly compared to that of the control asphalt mixture; (3) the microstructures of modified asphalt binders were different from the control asphalt, and the structures determine the improvement in the performance of modified asphalt mixtures. These results indicate that the addition of micro- and nanomaterials enhanced the rutting performance and strength of asphalt mixtures. In addition, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the modifying effects of micro-and nanomaterials on the performance.
JCG Global Air Services

A pilot/manager in a large corporate aviation department must formulate a fueling plan for an upcoming four-leg trip. Considerations for the fueling plan include different fuel prices at each airport (fuel is much cheaper if bought at home) and ramp fees levied at destination airports if fuel purchases fail to meet specified minimums. Other considerations include aircraft weight limits for takeoffs and landings (with fuel being a large component of aircraft weight), fuel tank capacity, and a company policy specifying a minimum amount of fuel required at each landing.
Boundary Spanners and Advocacy Leaders: Black Educators and Race Equality Work in Toronto and London, 1968–1995

ABSTRACTThis comparative study examines the historical development of race equality efforts during the 1970s and 1980s in two global cities—Toronto and London—and the role of African Canadian and Black British educators in longstanding school-community partnerships. I characterize the leadership stance of Black educators as boundary spanners and advocacy leaders who bridged diverse communities and educational institutions in order to improve the educational experiences and life chances of Black students in both cities.
Rights, Identity, and Organizational Change among Disability Rights and Parent Advocacy Organizations: Policy Feedback and the Politics of Intersectional Identity

People with disabilities constitute a large and increasingly politically organized group, one that is racially and economically diverse but that recently has come to assert that it is “minority” group with shared interests and common experiences of oppression. Borrowing from theories of policy feedback, this paper investigates how this shared identity as a “minority” group emerged under the banner of disability rights and its consequences for the poor and for parents of people with disabilities.
Standardized process used in the emergency department for pediatric oncology patients with fever and neutropenia improves time to the first dose of antibiotics.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of a standardized process on time to the first dose of antibiotics in pediatric oncology patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with fever and neutropenia (F-N).MethodsA standardized process and order set were created to be used on all
Folk Housing in the Middle of the Pacific: Architectural Lime, Creolized Ideologies, and Expressions of Power in Nineteenth-Century Hawaii

Captain Cook’s third expedition to the Pacific reached Hawaii in 1778. Western diseases soon thereafter reduced an indigenous population of at least several hundred thousand (if not 1,000,000) to fewer than 50,000 by 1878 (Stannard, 1989), while foreign plantation workers and other immigrants arrived by the tens of thousands. Successive capitalist ventures in the nineteenth century, including the fur trade, sandalwood trade, whaling, the California gold rush, ranching, and cash-crop plantations altered a self-sufficient Hawaiian economy. Beginning in 1820, Protestant missionaries, followed by other missionary groups, heavily influenced Hawaiian ideologies. By the twentieth century, Hawaii had been transformed from an indigenous sovereign nation (recognized by several Western powers) to a colonized US territory, taken in a coup d’etat by resident US businessmen and US marines in 1893.
Hospital Transfers of Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) Patients Within 48 Hours and 30 Days After SNF Admission.

Abstract Background Close to 1 in 5 patients admitted to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) are readmitted to the acute hospital within 30 days, and a substantial percentage are readmitted within 2 days of the SNF admission. These rapid returns to the hospital may provide insights for improving care transitions between the acute hospital and the SNF. Objectives To describe the characteristics of SNF to hospital transfers that occur within 48 hours and 30 days of SNF admission based on root cause analyses (RCAs) performed by SNF staff, and identify potential areas of focus for improving transitions between hospitals and SNFs. Design Trained staff from SNFs enrolled in a randomized, controlled clinical trial of the INTERACT (Interventions to Reduce Acute Care Transfers) quality improvement program performed retrospective RCAs on hospital transfers during a 12-month implementation period. Setting SNFs from across the United States. Participants 64 of 88 SNFs randomized to the intervention group submitted RCAs. Interventions SNFs were implementing the INTERACT quality improvement program. Measures Data were abstracted from the INTERACT Quality Improvement (QI) tool, a structured, retrospective RCA on hospital transfers. Results Among 4658 transfers for which data on the time between SNF admission and hospital transfer were available, 353 (8%) occurred within 48 hours of SNF admission, 524 (11%) 3 to 6 days after SNF admission, 1450 (31%) 7 to 29 days after SNF admission, and 2331 (50%) occurred 30 days or longer after admission. Comparisons between transfers that occurred within 48 hours and within 30 days of SNF admission to transfers that occurred 30 days or longer after SNF admission revealed several statistically significant differences between patient risk factors for transfer, symptoms and signs precipitating the transfers, and other characteristics of the transfers. Hospitalization in the last 30 days and year was significantly more common among those with rapid returns to the hospital. Shortness of breath was significantly more common among those transferred within 48 hours or 30 days, and falls, functional decline, suspected respiratory infection, and new urinary incontinence less common. SNF staff rated a higher proportion of transfers within 30 days versus 30 days or longer as potentially preventable (25.1% vs 21.5%, P = .005). Case descriptions derived from the QI tools of transfers back to the hospital within 48 hours of SNF admission illustrate several factors underlying these rapid returns to the hospital. Conclusion RCAs on transfers back to the hospital shortly after SNF admission provide insights into strategies that both hospitals and SNFs can consider in collaborative efforts to reduce potentially avoidable hospital readmissions.
Essentials of Heat Transfer: Guide to Instructors and Students

La poesia Non e di Chi la scrive Ma di Chi la usa! – Il Postino A typical one-semester course syllabus is given in the Solutions Manual. However, at the discretion of the instructor, different parts of the text can be chosen to emphasize various concepts. Chapter 1 is, in part, descriptive (as opposed to quantitative) and introduces many concepts. Therefore, this chapter should be read for a qualitative outcome and an overview of the scope of the book. This is needed for a general discussion of heat transfer analysis before specifics are introduced. The drawing of heat flux vector tracking is initially challenging. However, once learned, it facilitates visualization of heat transfer, and then the construction of the thermal circuit diagrams becomes rather easy. Also, to get a broad and unified coverage of the subject matter, a very general treatment of spatial temperature nonuniformity and the appropriate form of the energy equation is given in Chapter 2. This chapter gives the building blocks and the results to be used in succeeding chapters. Some of the energy conversion mechanisms may be new to students; however, they are described in the text and are easy to follow. Application of Chapter 2 materials unfolds in the chapters that follow. For example, various energy conversion mechanisms are used along with heat transfermechanisms in interesting and practical problems.
Human gingiva transcriptome during wound healing.

Objectives To investigate the gene expression profile of human gingiva following surgical wounding. Methods Ten volunteers had one side of the palate wounded. Five days later, biopsies were harvested from both wounded (healing gingiva) and contralateral site (normal gingiva). Tissue samples were processed for gene expression (RNA-Seq, real-time PCR) and immuno-histochemistry. Gene-set enrichment/pathway analysis was also performed. Results Seven hundred genes were significantly differentially expressed in healing gingiva. Among genes with >2-fold change in expression, 399 genes were up-regulated and 88 down-regulated, several not previously reported expressed in gingiva. Most increased in expression (≥30-fold change) were MMP1, CCL18, SPP1, MUC21, CTHRC1, MMP10, and SERPINE1; most decreased (≥7-fold change) were COCH, SIAH3, MT4, IGFL3, KY, and SYT16. Real-time PCR confirmed significantly changed mRNA levels for selective genes tested. Gene-set enrichment analysis revealed several significantly enriched biological pathways. Immunohistochemistry confirmed protein expression of MUC21, CTHRC1, CTGF, and SYT16, in normal and healing gingiva. Conclusions This first comprehensive analysis of the human gingival transcriptome during surgical wound healing offers novel insights into the participating molecular and biological mechanisms. The present results could serve as basis for future investigations into gingival wound healing following surgical, traumatic or other type of injury. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Giry monad is not strong for the canonical symmetric monoidal closed structure on Meas

Abstract We show that the Giry monad is not strong with respect to the canonical symmetric monoidal closed structure on the category Meas of all measurable spaces and measurable functions.
Contemporary Role of Open Surgery in the Management of High-Grade Renal Injury

This review focuses on latest developments in kidney trauma management and the role of open surgical intervention. In the last decade, there had been an obvious drift towards conservative, non-operative, management of kidney trauma, undoubtedly when it is secondary to blunt trauma. Improved imaging, minimally invasive interventions, advancements including stent and nephrostomy insertions for urine extravasation, and angiography with angioembolization for acute or impending arterial bleeding have narrowed the necessity for open surgery, even when dealing with high-grade kidney injury. Still, open surgical intervention has its essential role, predominantly in the severely bleeding-unstable patient, high-grade penetrating kidney trauma, patients with concomitant intra-abdominal injuries, and the cases of non-operative surgical approach failure. Open surgical management has a contracted but still critical share in kidney trauma management. Being alert to the indications for open intervention and mastering the different surgical techniques could impact kidney salvageability and long-term clinical outcome.
The proton exchange cross-relaxation model of water relaxation in biopolymer systems. II: The sol and gel states of gelatine

The proton exchange cross-relaxation model is tested by comparing transverse, longitudinal and rotating frame water proton relaxation in gelatine sols and gels. The theory provides a consistent quantitative interpretation without need to invoke contributions from hydration water. A possible exception is the rotating frame dispersion which appears to be associated with hydration water in the gel junction zones.
Incorporating performance-based global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis into LCOE calculations for emerging renewable energy technologies

Abstract Assessing system costs for power generation is essential for evaluating the economical aspect of energy resources. This paper examines traditional and renewable energy resources under uncertainty and variability of input variables. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of each technology is computed using a global sensitivity analysis. A Monte Carlo approach is utilized to study the thermoeconomics of a variety of power generation methods in the United States: fossil fuel-based, nuclear, developed renewable, and emerging renewable energy resources. The results of this study demonstrate how uncertainties in input data can significantly influence the LCOE values. Power generation from well-developed energy technologies exhibit less variability in LCOE due to established capital costs, operating and maintenance costs, and power generation. On the contrary, emerging renewable energy technologies are subject to high uncertainties in both technical and economic performance, as expected for technologies in early stages of development. A scenario with carbon pricing in power generation is also carried out in the paper. The presence of carbon pricing significantly increases the LCOEs of fossil fuel technologies, and LCOEs of other technologies also experience significant changes when life-cycle carbon assessments are considered. Several cost reduction opportunities are discussed to guide the development of future energy conversion, especially from emerging renewable energy resources.
Naturopathic and Western Medicine

Abstract For men seeking an alternative to traditional methods of treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Naturopathic and Western medicine is a viable alternative. Over thousands of years these herbal treatments have been used to alleviate the sequelae of BPH. The current widely used herbs to treat BPH are saw palmetto and nettle root extracts. These herbs act to improve symptoms through a cascade of mechanisms. This chapter will review the current literature currently available on these treatments.
Personality Disorders in Adolescence

Adolescence is a period of rapid development, and also a common time for the emergence of psychopathology, including personality disorders (PDs). Diagnosis of PDs in adolescence is complex and often controversial: Problems such as high diagnostic overlap among PDs, difficulties distinguishing Axis I and Axis II psychopathology, and weak test-retest reliability add to this complexity. Despite these difficulties, PDs are frequently associated with important social and clinical outcomes. Studies estimate that 9–13 % of adolescents meet criteria for PDs, making it important to understand these disorders and their impact on adolescents. Research on some PDs is sparse; therefore, this chapter focuses on the three PDs most researched in adolescent populations: antisocial personality disorder (conduct disorder), borderline personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. We describe each, offer case examples, and discuss the current state of research on etiology and treatment. We also briefly discuss the changing conceptualization of PDs, moving toward DSM-V.
Optimal Sleep Habits in Adolescents

The concept of optimal sleep presumes knowledge of sleep need; however, sleep need has not been defined. Therefore, optimal sleep is as much conceptual as factual, and specific values for optimal sleep cannot be determined, though a method to estimate one's sleep need is provided as are recommendations for sleep hygiene specific to teens.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telephone Management of Suspected Urinary Tract Infections in Women

OBJECTIVE Although urinary tract infections (UTIs) in otherwise healthy ambulatory women are often managed over the telephone, there has been no systematic evaluation of this approach. Our objective was to compare the outcomes of uncomplicated UTIs in healthy women managed over the telephone with those managed in the office. STUDY DESIGN We randomly assigned women calling their usual provider with a suspected UTI to receive care over the telephone (n=36) or usual office-based care (n=36). All women had urinalyses and urine cultures. All were treated with 7 days of antibiotics. We compared symptom scores at baseline and at day 3 and day 10 after therapy. We also compared patient satisfaction at the end of the study. The settings were family practices in Michigan. POPULATION We included healthy nonpregnant women older than 18 years. RESULTS A total of 201 women with suspected UTIs called their physician. Of these, 99 were ineligible, and 30 declined to participate. The women were young (mean age=36.6 years) and predominantly white (86%). Sixty-four percent of the urine cultures had significant growth of a single organism. We observed no difference in symptom scores or satisfaction. Overall, satisfaction was high. CONCLUSIONS Short-term outcomes of managing suspected UTIs by telephone appear to be comparable with usual office care.
The Psychosocial Model Applied to Pediatric Care

The first time it happened was last summer when Gretchen was at sleepover camp. It was in the middle of the night. Gretchen had awakened from a nightmare. All she remembered about the nightmare was that she was standing in front of her house, but she couldn’t get in. The door was locked and she didn’t have the key. Then she woke up suddenly, covered with sweat, and she couldn’t breathe. Each time she tried, a strange wheezing sound came out. At first Gretchen didn’t know where the sound was coming from, but then she realized the wheezing noise was from deep inside her, and she became alarmed. Her heart began to pound frantically. Luckily, a counselor had come to help her. They took her to the doctor, and the next day Gretchen was sent home. She had asthma.
Self-assembly of rectangular shape-persistent diazaborole-linked macrocycles

Diazaboroles have become of recent interest in the area of organic materials. In this work we have synthesized arylene ethynylene macrocycles using diazaborole formation as the key chain-linking step. Specifically, bis(benzene-1,2-diamine) monomers were successfully condensed with 1,4-phenylenediboronic acid, which resulted in novel diazaborole-linked macrocycles through the formation of four diazaborole linkages. The new macrocycles were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, MALDI mass spectrometry, and computational calculations. These macrocycles may serve as model compounds for future diazaborole-based covalent organic frameworks.
The Influence of Mechanical Activation on the Synthesis of Ca2MgSi2O7

In this study, akermanite powder (Ca2MgSi2O7) was synthesized using ball-milling with subsequent annealing at high temperatures. The influence of mechanical activation as well as annealing temperature was investigated on the progress of akermanite formation. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to evaluate the ball-milled and heat-treated powders. The formation mechanism of akermanite was scrutinized. It was found that akermanite could not be synthesized directly and the formation of some intermediate compounds such as enstatite is unavoidable. Akermanite was synthesized after 20 h mechanical activation with subsequent annealing at 900 °C for 1 h. The nanostructured akermanite powder had a crystallite size of 34 nm based on the calculations performed by the Williamson–Hall approach.
Benzodiazepines and Development of Delirium in Critically Ill Children: Estimating the Causal Effect.

Objectives:Benzodiazepine use may be associated with delirium in critically ill children. However, benzodiazepines remain the first-line sedative choice in PICUs. Objectives were to determine the temporal relationship between administration of benzodiazepines and delirium development, control for ti
Capitalizing on financing ecologies: The world making properties of peer-to-peer lending through everyday entrepreneurship

Abstract Within the market-making literature lies nuanced discussions dealing with the plurality and construction of subjectivities and value. These topics have been of particular interest to those interested in platforms hoping to engender so called caring capitalism, which speaks to financial ecologies that are both more-or-less market and more-or-less social. The empirics of this paper draw from research involving two groups: (1) U.S. food entrepreneurs operating less than three years who turned to community-based lending platforms for financing and (2) U.S. food entrepreneurs operating less than three years who turned to conventional national lenders (the JP Morgan Chase’s and Bank of America’s of the world) for financing. Qualitative semi-structured interviews are triangulated with data from a survey instrument that resulted in the generation of a word cloud for each group depicting respondents’ goals and outlooks. The argument is animated by an embodied reading of the “ecologies” concept (e.g., Hall, 2012; Langley and Leyshon, 2017b; Lai, 2016: 30), which is employed to further attune the analysis to the emergence and mobilization of variegated socio-material practices. The goal is to further enliven relational economic geography and sociology as I explore how entrepreneurs come to embody the outlooks they do.
North American missionaries developed a North American-style school to prepare their children for life back in North America:

In her article “Sacred children and colonial subsidies” Anicka Fast suggests that the missionaries of the American Mennonite Brethren Mission developed a school for their children in order to separ...
New Furniture for the Box Office: Computer, Ticket, Window:

The arrival of the digital computer demanded a new spatial logic for performing arts ticketing. As late-20th-century box offices updated equipment, managers imagined a ticketing space that was open...
Leadership in Rural Special Education.

In this paper the changing expectations Americans have for their schools, the challenges for providing leadership in rapidly changing rural school settings, and the changing nature of students serv...
Elastic liposomes and other vesicles

Abstract Vesicles are described and evaluated in this chapter. Liposomes are lipid bilayers rolled up into spherical shells with enclosed liquid within shells, separated from the outer (surrounding) liquid solution. On the other hand, elastic liposomes (ELs; Transfersomes) are phospholipid vesicles similar to traditional liposomes, but they are different from the latter because of the presence of edge activators (surfactants) that impart deformability and elasticity. It has been reported that these vesicles can enter the bloodstream through the skin. The claim that ELs can permeate intact skin is still controversial since skin pores can be opened without major impairment to only 20–40 nm. It has been postulated that Transfersomes are transported across the skin via concentration-independent, naturally occurring, and most likely hydration-based, transepidermal gradient(s). The chapter also discusses other vesicles such as other surfactant-based elastic vesicles, niosomes, ethosomes (ESMs), and transethosomes. The elastic vesicles were formulated from the micelle-forming surfactant octaoxyethylene laurate ester (PEG-8-L) and the bilayer-forming surfactant sucrose laurate ester (L-595). When nonionic surface active agents self-assemble, they form vesicles called niosomes. Nonionic surfactants such as polysorbates (Tweens), polyethoxy fatty ethers (Brij), and sorbitan fatty acid esters (Spans) are used for the preparation of niosomes. Compared to liposomes, niosomes have a larger membrane flexibility, a higher chemical stability, and a low cost of production. ESMs refer to lipid vesicles with relatively high ethanol content. These vesicular systems can increase the skin permeation of medications. Most ESMs are prepared from phospholipid, water, and ethanol. ESMs may also contain propylene glycol or isopropyl alcohol along with ethanol. Transethosomes are vesicles formulated by adding penetration enhancers or an edge activator (surfactant) to conventional ESMs. Transethosomes combine the advantages of ESMs and deformable liposomes.
Application of 2015 Seronegative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Diagnostic Criteria for Patients With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein IgG-Associated Disorders.

This study evaluates the proportion of patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG–associated disorders who fulfill the seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder criteria.
Robotic-Assisted Surgery Results in a Shorter Hospital Stay Following Revisional Bariatric Surgery

Revisional surgery is rapidly growing within the field of bariatric surgery. The use of robotic assisted surgery, considered controversial by many, may offer advantages in revisional bariatric surgery (RBS). There are few studies comparing laparoscopic and robotic-assisted RBS. The aim of this study is to compare the safety and outcome of laparoscopic and robotic RBS in a single accredited center. A retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively on patients undergoing either laparoscopic (L-RBS) or robotic (R-RBS) RBS between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 was performed. The primary outcomes included length of stay (LOS), 30-day major and minor complication rates, readmission rates, and mortality rates. A total of 167 patients were included in our analysis. Fifty-two patients underwent R-RBS (31%), and 115 underwent L-RBS (69%). Thirty-day major and minor complication rates for R-RBS and L-RBS were 1.9% and 5.8% vs 5.2% and 5.2%, respectively (p > .05). There was no difference in readmission rates (3.8% vs 8.7%, p > 0.05) or intraoperative blood loss (35.5 mL vs 37.4 mL, p > .05) between R-RBS and L-RBS. R-RBS resulted in a shorter length of stay when compared with L-RBS (40.2 h vs 62.6 h, p < .05). R-RBS has a decreased, albeit non-significant, rate of 30-day major complications with no difference in minor complications, readmission rates, or intraoperative blood loss when compared with L-RBS. R-RBS resulted in a decreased length of stay when compared with L-RBS. Randomized clinical trials are needed to better elucidate our findings.
Unraveling the intrinsic atomic physics behind x-ray absorption line shifts in warm dense silicon plasmas.

We present a free-energy density functional theory (DFT)-based methodology for optical property calculations of warm dense matter to cover a wide range of thermodynamic conditions and photon energies including the entire x-ray range. It uses Mermin-Kohn-Sham density functional theory with exchange-correlation (XC) thermal effects taken into account via a fully temperature dependent generalized gradient approximation XC functional. The methodology incorporates a combination of the ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) snapshotted Kubo-Greenwood optic data with a single atom in simulation cell calculations to close the photon energy gap between the $L$ and $K$ edges and extend the $K$-edge tail toward many-keV photon energies. This gap arises in the standard scheme due to a prohibitively large number of bands required for the Kubo-Greenwood calculations with AIMD snapshots. Kubo-Greenwood data on snapshots provide an accurate description of optic properties at low photon frequencies slightly beyond the $L$ edge and x-ray absorption near edges structure (XANES) spectra, while data from periodic calculations with single atoms cover the tail regions beyond the edges. To demonstrate its applicability to mid-$Z$ materials where the standard DFT-based approach is not computationally feasible, we have applied it to opacity calculations of warm dense silicon plasmas. These first-principles calculations revealed a very interesting phenomenon of redshift-to-blueshift in $K\ensuremath{-}L$ ($1s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2p$) and $K$-edge absorptions along both isotherm and isochore, which are absent in most continuum-lowering models of traditional plasma physics. This new physics phenomenon can be attributed to the underlying competition between the screening of deeply bound core electrons and the screening of outer-shell electrons caused by warm-dense-plasma conditions. We further demonstrate that the ratio of $1s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2p$ to the $K$-edge x-ray absorptions can be used to characterize warm-dense-plasma conditions. Eventually, based on our absorption calculations, we have established a first-principles opacity table (FPOT) for silicon in a wide range of material densities and temperatures.
Protective Performanmce of Nanocomposite Coating for Engineering Steel Components of Electric Power Facilities in Simulated Acid Rain Environment

A nanocomposite coating was prepared with epoxy resin as film-forming agent,polysiloxane as coupling agent and with proper additives of pigments, fillers and nano silicon dioxide.The nanocomposite coating was applied on carbon steel Q235, and its corrosion performance, in comparison with a present used coating, was investigated by means of simulate acid rain test, immersion test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results showed corrosion resistance of the nanocomposite coating is better than that of the current coating, it is suitable especially for the protection of engineering steel components for electric power facilities.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signaling in Macrophages Promotes Lymphangiogenesis in Leishmania major Infection.

Vascular remodeling is a phenomenon seen in the cutaneous lesions formed during infection with Leishmania parasites. Within the lesion, Leishmania major infection leads to the infiltration of inflammatory cells, including macrophages, and is associated with hypoxic conditions and lymphangiogenesis in the local site. This low-oxygen environment is concomitant with the expression of hypoxic inducible factors (HIFs), which initiate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in macrophages during the infection. Here, we found that macrophage hypoxia is elevated in the skin, and the HIF target Vegfa is preferentially expressed at the site of infection. Further, transcripts indicative of both HIF-1α and HIF-2α activation were increased at the site of infection. Given that HIF mediates VEGF-A and that VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling induces lymphangiogenesis, we wanted to investigate the link between myeloid HIF activation and lymphangiogenesis during L. major infection. We show that myeloid aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)/HIF/VEGF-A signaling promotes lymphangiogenesis (the generation of newly formed vessels within the local lymphatic network), which helps resolve the lesion by draining away inflammatory cells and fluid. Concomitant with impaired lymphangiogenesis, we find the deletion of myeloid ARNT/HIF signaling leads to an exacerbated inflammatory response associated with a heightened CD4+ Th1 immune response following L. major infection. Altogether, our data suggest that VEGF-A-mediated lymphangiogenesis occurs through myeloid ARNT/HIF activation following Leishmania major infection and this process is critical in limiting immunopathology.
Impact of Large scale Integration of Inverter-Based Resources on FIDVR

With increasing number of inverter-based resources (IBRs) being incorporated into the bulk energy system, their influence on planning and operation of the bulk power system cannot be neglected. Over the past few years, their impact on inertia and frequency response has received a lot of attention. This has been related to the resource's tendency to operate at maximum power point and thus inherently linked to its active power response. However, their large-scale impact on system voltage recovery following a fault has only been minimally studied. Specifically, since inverters are current restricted devices, their impact on slow voltage recovery brought upon by the behavior of induction motors is important to be identified to be able to determine expected interconnection requirements for future inverter resources. In this work, using a large realistic power network, the effect of large-scale integration of IBRs on Fault Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery is studied.
An anti-inflammatory activation sequence governs macrophage transcriptional dynamics during tissue injury

Abstract Macrophages are essential for tissue repair and regeneration. Yet, the molecular programs, as well as the timing of their activation during and after tissue injury are poorly defined. Using a high spatio-temporal resolution single cell analysis of macrophages coupled with live imaging after sensory hair cell death in zebrafish, we find that the same population of macrophages transitions through a sequence of three major anti-inflammatory activation states. Macrophages first show a signature of glucocorticoid activation, then IL10 signaling and finally the induction of oxidative phosphorylation by IL4/Polyamine signaling. Importantly, loss-of-function of glucocorticoid and IL10 signaling shows that each step of the sequence is independently activated. Our results provide the first evidence that macrophages, in addition to a switch from M1 to M2, sequentially and independently transition though three anti-inflammatory pathways in vivo during tissue injury in a regenerating organ. One-Sentence Summary We show that macrophages are sequentially activated by three different anti-inflammatory pathways during tissue injury.
Crystallization Physics in Biomacromolecular Solutions

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews state of the art techniques in biomacromolecular crystallization physics, with emphasis on some of the unresolved problems. Biomacromolecules are crystallized from aqueous solutions. Their solubility decreases when the precipitant, an organic salt, polyethelene glycol or a buffer that changes pH, is added to the biomacromolecular solution. According to the organic chemistry of small molecules, the macromolecule has properties determined by their three-dimensional (3D) structure. This structure directly follows from the molecule composition. The regular polyhedral morphology associated with the layer growth can be replaced by the skeleton and dendritic growth modes following from the thermodynamic or kinetic roughening transitions. This chapter concludes by discussing the impurity distribution as a factor contributing, directly or indirectly, to the crystal imperfection, and inducing irregular molecular orientations within the lattice and conformational changes within the molecules.
Heterogeneous inflation expectations, learning, and market outcomes

Using the panel component of the Michigan Survey of Consumers, we show that individuals, in particular women and ethnic minorities, are highly heterogeneous in their expectations of inflation. We estimate a model of inflation expectations based on learning from experience that also allows for heterogeneity in both private information and updating. Our model vastly outperforms existing models of inflation expectations in explaining the heterogeneity in the data. We find that women, ethnic minorities, and less educated agents have a higher degree of heterogeneity in their private information, and are also slower to update their expectations. In addition, we show that personal income forecasts are positively related to subjective inflation expectations. During the 2000s, consumers believe inflation to be more persistent in the short term, but temporary fluctuations in inflation have less effect on income and long-term inflation expectations. Finally, we find evidence that sticky expectations and the heterogeneity of new information received by consumers generate higher mark-ups and inflation.
Pharmacokinetics of novel inhibitors of androgen synthesis after intravenous administration in mice.

Purpose The pharmacokinetics of several new androgen synthesis inhibitors were investigated after intravenous administration in mice. The inhibitors were: 3β-hydroxy-17-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene (VN/85-1), 3β-hydroxy-17-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene (VN/87-1), 17-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)androsta-4,16-diene-3-one (VN/108-1) and 17-(5′-isoxazolyl)androsta-4,16-dien-3-one (L-39).