cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychological Effects of Bed Bug Attacks (Cimex lectularius L.)

Abstract Background In some individuals, psychological sequelae resulting from bed bug biting events include nightmares, flashbacks, hypervigilance (to keep the bugs away), insomnia, anxiety, avoidance behaviors, and personal dysfunction. These symptoms are suggestive of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods We used a previously published PTSD checklist to analyze online blogs and other Internet sites where bed bug postings occur to assess postings for evidence of emotional trauma. Results One hundred thirty-five postings were read and analyzed, and 110 (81%) of those postings reported psychological effects from bed bug infestations. Scoring with the PTSD checklist revealed a range of 0-52 (mean 13.25; SD 9.38); one met the criteria (≥50) considered positive for PTSD. Conclusions Based upon our survey of online postings concerning such effects, an as-yet-to-be-determined proportion of individuals who experience bed bug bites develop moderate-to-severe negative emotional symptoms after infestations. These individuals should be identified in the course of their interactions with health professionals so that appropriate mental health care may be provided.
RNA biology and the genome (abstract only)

The sequence of vertebrate genome is expressed by RNA splicing producing mRNA. Interpreting the genome requires understanding the sequences recognized by the nuclear factors and spliceosomia executing removal of introns. The status of this area of science will be reviewed. Conversely, genome sequences can be searched for sequences which specify RNA splicing and are common of many genes. The availability of genome sequences from a variety of species will make the latter approach much more powerful. The recently discovered RNA interference (RNAi) process is evolutionarily old and related processes are important for control of expression of repetitive genes in some organisms. RNAi can be initiated by conversion of double strand RNA into 21-23 nucleotide RNAs which can base pair with mRNAs and direct their cleavage. These short RNAs may also direct silencing of genes by other mechanisms. Over half of the genome of many organisms is composed of repetitive sequences and it is possible that RNAi may silence these sequences.
Psychometric Aspects of the Rorschach Technique

(1962). Psychometric Aspects of the Rorschach Technique. Journal of Projective Techniques: Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 162-172.
Physiologically important stabilization of DNA by a prokaryotic histone-like protein

The thermophilic mycoplasma Thermoplasma acidophilum has tightly bound to its DNA a protein that closely resembles the histones of eukaryotes. DNA associated with this protein is more stable than free DNA against thermal denaturation by about 40 degrees C, as shown in both native nucleoprotein and in hybrid nucleoprotein reconstituted in vitro with calf DNA. Since only about 20 percent of the DNA in this organism is associated with the histone-like protein, we suggest that its physiological function is to prevent complete separation of the DNA strands during brief exposures of the organism to denaturing conditions, and thus to facilitate rapid renaturation when normal environmental conditions return.
Low-density hydrogen-bonded networks in crystals and at the air/water interface

Trimesic acid and various alkylamines assemble into ordered two-dimensional hexagonal hydrogen-bonded networks in both bulk crystals and at the air/water interface.
On the electrostatic properties of homodimeric proteins.

A large fraction of proteins function as homodimers, but it is not always clear why the dimerization is important for functionality since frequently each monomer possesses a distinctive active site. Recent work (PLoS Computational Biology9(2):e1002924) indicates that homodimerization may be important for forming an electrostatic funnel in the spermine synthase homodimer which guides changed substrates toward the active centers. This prompted us to investigate the electrostatic properties of a large set of homodimeric proteins and resulted in an observation that in a vast majority of the cases the dimerization indeed results in specific electrostatic features, although not necessarily in an electrostatic funnel. It is demonstrated that the electrostatic dipole moment of the dimer is predominantly perpendicular to the axis connecting the centers of the mass of the monomers. In addition, the surface points with highest potential are located in the proximity of the interfacial plane of the homodimeric complexes. These findings indicate that frequent homodimerization provides specific electrostatic features needed for the function of proteins.
Ab initio calculations on large molecules using molecular fragments. Generalization of the molecular fragment basis at the minimum basis set level

By determining basis set parameters in molecular environments using other criteria than total energy, it is shown that a generalization of the molecular fragment basis can be obtained in which calculated geometric and electronic structural properties are predicted substantially better than with other basis sets of similar size. As a first step in the development of a series of basis sets having successively greater flexibility and accuracy, several single-zeta basis sets are created, using a two-Gaussian contraction for each basis orbital. The best of these basis sets produced calculated geometric and electronic properties for a series of molecules that model a wide variety of organic molecules that are of better accuracy than the corresponding STO-2G basis, and similar in most cases to STO-3G. In addition, the basis set is shown to be applicable in either a Cartesian Gaussian basis or a floating spherical Gaussian basis. En determinant les parametres des jeux de base dans des environnements moleculaires par d'autres criteres que l'energie totale, il est demontre qu'une generalisation de la base pour des fragments moleculaires peut ětre obtenue, dans laquelle les proprietes geometriques et celles de la structure electronique sont predites considerablement mieux qu'avec des bases de taille semblable. Comme premier pas dans le developpement d'une serie de bases avec une flexibilite et une precision de plus en plus prononcee, on a construit plusieurs jeux de base de type simple zeta avec une contraction gaussienne pour chaque orbitale de base. Les meilleures de ces bases donnent des proprietes geometriques et electroniques pour une serie de molecules organiques avec'une precision meilleure que celle obtenue par la base correspondante de type STO-2G et semblable dans la plupart des cas a STO-3G. En outre cette base peut ětre utilisee soit avec des gaussiennes cartesiennes, soit avec des gaussiennes spheriques flottantes. Durch eine Bestimmung von Basissatzparametern in Molekulumgebungen mit anderen Kriterien als der Gesamtenergie wird gezeigt, dass eine Verallgemeinerung des Molekulfragmentsbasissatzes erhalten werden kann, mit welchem geometrischen und Elektronstruktureigenschaften betrachtlich besser als mit anderen Basissatzen ahnlicher Grosse vorhergesagt werden konnen. Als erster Schritt in der Entwicklung einer Reihe von Basissatzen mit sukzessiv grosserer Flexibilitat und Genauigkeit werden mehrere Basissatze von Einzelzetatyp durch eine Gauss'sche Kontraktion fur jedes Basisorbital konstruiert. Mit den besten dieser Basissatze werden geometrische und elektronische Eigen-schaften fur eine Reihe von organischen Molekulen mit besserer Genauigkeit als dem entsprechenden STO-2G Basissatz und in vielen Fallen ahnlich dem STO-2G Satz erhalten. Weiter wird gezeiget, dass dieser Basissatz mit sowohl Cartesischen als fliesseden spharischen Gaussfunktionen vereinbar ist.
Effects of Estrogen and Estrus Cycle on Pharmacokinetics, Absorption and Disposition of Genistein in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats

Genistein is an active soy isoflavone with anticancer activities, but it is unknown why it has a higher oral bioavailability in female than in male rats. Our study determined the effects of estrus cycle on genistein's oral bioavailability. Female rats with various levels of estrogen were orally administered with genistein or used in a four-site rat intestinal perfusion experiment. Rats in "proestrus" group (with elevated estrogen) had significantly reduced (57% decrease, p 100% increase, p 10-fold) in liver, to a level comparable to those in the "proestrus" group. In conclusion, the oral bioavailability of total genistein was inversely proportional to elevated estrogen levels in female rats, which is partially mediated through the regulation of hepatic enzymes responsible disposition of genistein.
High di/dt Pulse Switching of Thyristors

The fast pulse switching behavior of center-fired ring-and-dot and interdigitated thyristors was studied by switching 8 to 10 ?s, 1000 to 1600 A peak (at 800 V) pulses. Single-shot switching was performed up to 15 400 A/?s, and repetitive switching at 500 and 800 Hz at various di/dt levels, including 13 000 A/?s, for up to ten hours. No damage to the devices resulted from the single-shot switching stresses.
Macromolecular electron density averaging on distributed memory MIMD systems

The paper discusses algorithms and programs for electron density averaging using a distributed memory MIMD system. Electron density averaging is a computationally intensive step needed for phase refinement and extension in the computation of the 3-D structure of macromolecules like proteins and viruses. The determination of a single structure may require thousands of hours of CPU time for traditional supercomputers. The approach discussed in this paper leads to a reduction by one to two orders of magnitude of the computing time. The program runs on an Intel iPSC/860 and on the Touchstone Delta system and uses a user controlled shared virtual memory and a dynamic load-balancing mechanism.
Something’s Got to Give: A Description of Contemporary Nursing Students

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the socio-demographic profiles, academic habits, and lived experiences of baccalaureate nursing students at a private university in Hawaii. Methods: A mixed method design of descriptive statistics and analysis was used. For this study, a semi-structured, twenty-five item survey was developed by the researchers and reviewed by other faculty for veracity. A convenience sample included level one (LV1) students (n = 91) and level five (LV5) students (n = 64) attending class on the day of the survey. Results: Analysis revealed that contemporary students have complex lives with multiple work, family, financial, program, and health challenges that impact their lives as students. The majority of students in this sample were identified as Asian or Pacific Islander. Fifty percent of students in both levels worked 20 hours per week and about 1/4 in both levels had children. About 25% spent more than 15 hours per week on social media and studied 1-2 hours per day. Fourteen percent of both levels reported getting less than five hours of sleep. Beginning students identified time management and work as the top two barriers to success. Those completing the program identified issues with the nursing program and family obligations. Conclusions: Factors identified in this study not only impact students’ performance in the classroom but also have implications for performance in the clinical areas. These factors suggest that nursing faculty take into consideration the perceived needs of students while maintaining ethics and high academic standards. The understanding gained from this study will inform curriculum revision and program development.
Reptilian Echocardiography: Insights into Ontogeny and Phylogeny?

We describe the echocardiographic findings in a large reptile-the carpet python. If ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny, the study of reptilian hearts may provide insights into human cardiac development. In addition, the reptilian heart has unique structural and physiological adaptations that may broaden our perspective on evolutionary cardiac adaptation.
Quantitative characterization and spinal substrates of antinociception produced by electrical stimulation of the subdiaphragmatic vagus in rats

Physiological, chemical or electrical activation of vagal afferents produces antinociception in rats. The present study examined the effects of electrical stimulation of the subdiaphragmatic vagus (SDV) on the nociceptive tail-flick reflex, arterial blood pressure, and heart rate in rats lightly anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The intensity of SDV stimulation (20 Hz, 2 msec) necessary to inhibit the tail-flick reflex to a 10 sec cut-off latency for 3 consecutive trials was defined as the threshold to produce antinociception. Electrical stimulation of the SDV suppressed the tail-flick reflex in a linear, intensity-dependent manner. In addition, the threshold varied as a function of either the frequency or the pulse width of SDV stimulation, such that decreases in either frequency or pulse width, from 20 Hz and 2 msec, respectively, systematically increased the threshold current necessary to produce antinociception. SDV stimulation also produced modest decreases in heart rate (HR), but arterial blood pressure (ABP) responses were highly variable in both the magnitude and direction of change. Intrathecal administration of 30 micrograms of the serotonergic receptor antagonist methysergide significantly increased the threshold for antinociception produced by SDV stimulation from 80 to 938.8 microA, whereas 15 micrograms of methysergide had no significant effect. Intrathecal administration of saline, 30 micrograms of naloxone, or 30 micrograms of phentolamine had no significant effect on the threshold of SDV stimulation required to produce antinociception. Systemic administration of naloxone (4 mg/kg i.p. or i.v.) also had no effect on the antinociceptive threshold. Intrathecal administration of these receptor antagonists had no significant effect on the ABP and HR responses produced by electrical stimulation of the SDV at the threshold intensity producing antinociception.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dynamic thermal response of single-mode optical fiber for interferometric sensors.

The dynamic temperature phase sensitivity of a three-layer optical fiber is calculated for unjacketed as well as Al- and Hytrel-coated fibers. The calculations include both the variation of the refractive index with temperature and the thermally induced axial and radial strains. The calculated phase sensitivity indicates that it is currently possible to measure a 1-μ°C temperature change at frequencies exceeding 50 kHz with 1 cm of a metal coated optical fiber.
A Study of Venturi Tubes

The purpose of this study is to examine the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Venturi Tube. This study is conducted with regard to published standards for design and installation, manufacturing, and the comparative analysis of laboratory flow calibrations to the theoretical predictions of the coefficient of discharge.Design considerations will be investigated for venturi standards such as ASME MFC 3Ma-2007, ISO 5167-4 (2003-03-01) and ASME PTC 19.5-2004. Summaries for the ranges of use will be presented for diameters, beta ratio, and Reynolds Number. The types of venturi such as As Cast, Machined and Rough Welded Sheet Iron Inlet, will be presented as well as some alternative designs which do not fit well into these categories. The alternative designs include designing with heavy wall pipe and other material concerns. Manufacturing techniques and limitations will also be discussed.The data from many laboratory flow calibrations are utilized to examine the prediction equations for the Coefficient of Discharge and to determine the effects of materials and manufacturing processes such as post weld stress relieving. ASME MFC 3Ma-2007 (MFC 3Ma) and ISO 5167-4 (ISO 5167) predict a constant coefficient of discharge for a limited Reynolds number range based on the type of venturi. ASME PTC 19.5-2004 (PTC 19.5) states that the coefficient of discharge varies with the Reynolds number and should have the same prediction equation as a throat tap flow nozzle.In conclusion, preliminary results based on flow calibration data from an independent laboratory indicate the prediction of coefficient of discharge from the equation published in ASME PTC 19.5-2004 more closely agrees with the laboratory determined coefficient of discharge.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Impacts of large discount stores on small US towns: reasons for shopping and retailer strategies

Five small Minnesota towns are examined one year after the arrival of six large discount stores. Three hundred consumers were surveyed to determine reasons for store choice and how the new discounters affected shopping. Findings indicate that consumers shop at discounters for low prices and large variety and specialty stores for the unique items they cannot find elsewhere. They shop at the new discounters more and the existing stores less. Specialty stores need to differentiate themselves from discounters by increasing product assortments in the key categories carried, upgrading quality with branded merchandise not available to discounters, and maintaining good in‐stock positions.
Topical Linezolid 0.2% for the Treatment of Vancomycin-Resistant or Vancomycin-Intolerant Gram-Positive Bacterial Keratitis

Purpose To report the successful use of topical linezolid 0.2% in the treatment of gram-positive bacterial keratitis. Study Design Retrospective, interventional case series. Methods All cases of bacterial keratitis treated at the University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary with topical linezolid were identified from the Cornea and External Disease Clinic and were reviewed for culture results, prior therapy, clinical course, and visual outcome. Results Three patients received topical linezolid, all for cases of culture-positive or presumed gram-positive keratitis. Cases consisted of 1 patient with recalcitrant vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) and 2 patients with infectious crystalline keratitis, 1 previously culture-positive for an uncharacterized Staphylococcus and the other for Streptococcus mitis . All 3 patients had rapid resolution of their infectious keratitis and noted no pain or discomfort attributed to the topical therapy. The patient with VRE keratitis developed a consecutive Candida keratitis elsewhere in the same cornea at the end of therapy for her VRE keratitis. Conclusion Topical linezolid 0.2% can be an effective ophthalmic antibiotic for the treatment of gram-positive keratitis, including VRE, and is both significantly more comfortable and less immediately toxic to the ocular surface than topical vancomycin.
Role for the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 in viral promoter switching during initial stages of infection.

Abstract During latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of human B lymphocytes, six viral nuclear antigen (EBNAs) are expressed from long primary transcripts by means of alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylylation sites. These transcripts initiate from one of two promoters, Cp or Wp, that function in a mutually exclusive fashion. Wp is exclusively utilized during the initial stages of infection of primary B lymphocytes, followed by a switch to Cp usage. These studies have been extended to show that (i) a mutant EBV strain lacking the gene encoding EBNA 2 fails to switch from Wp to Cp usage in primary B lymphocytes, although the virus contains a functional Cp; (ii) a region from -429 to -245 base pairs upstream of Cp is essential for Cp activity in B lymphocytes, but only in the context of upstream and downstream sequences; (iii) this region contains an EBNA 2-dependent enhancer; and (iv) DNase I protection employing nuclear extracts from B and T lymphocytes revealed a B-cell-specific footprint in the region of the EBNA 2-dependent enhancer. These results support a model for viral promoter switching during the initial stages of infection in which Wp activity leads to the expression of EBNA 2, followed by activation of Cp through the EBNA 2-dependent enhancer.
Associations Between Socioeconomic Status and Catecholamine Levels Vary by Acculturation Status in Mexican-American Women

Background Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with poorer health, possibly through activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
Botwars: the fight against criminal cyber networks

Security firms have battled botnets for many years but only in the past 18 months, with the takedowns of rogue ISPs (especially McColo), has the security community become more aware of what opportunities exist to disrupt botnets, and therefore grown more confident that this online menace can be fought successfully.
In situ TEM study of G-phase precipitates under heavy ion irradiation in CF8 cast austenitic stainless steel

Abstract Thermally-aged cast austenitic stainless steels (CASS) CF8 was irradiated with 1 MeV Kr ions at 300, 350 and 400 °C to 1.88 × 10 19 ions/m 2 (∼3 dpa) at the IVEM-Tandem Facility at the Argonne National Laboratory. Before irradiation, the distribution of G-phase precipitates in the ferrite showed spatial variations, and both their size and density were affected by the ferrite–austenite phase boundary and presence of M 23 C 6 carbides. Under 300 °C irradiation, in situ TEM observation showed G-phase precipitates were relatively unchanged in the vicinity of the phase boundary M 23 C 6 carbides, while the density of G-phase precipitates increased with increasing dose within the ferrite matrix. Coarsening of G-phase precipitates was observed in the vicinity of phase boundary M 23 C 6 carbides at 350 °C and 400 °C.
Unraveling the Ivory Fabric: Institutional Obstacles to the Handling of Sexual Harassment Complaints

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 make universities liable for sexual harassment that occurs within both the employment and academic contexts. This article examines how universities implement and enforce the mandates of both Title VII and Title IX through exploratory research about sexual harassment complaint procedures at a public university system on the West Coast. In-depth interviews with personnel at each campus shed light on problems with inserting a complaint resolution process into an institution that simultaneously strives to eliminate sexual harassment, while wanting to protect itself from liability. This inherent conflict of goals is reflected in the differing roles of the Title IX office and the Women's Resource Center, in creation of a user friendly policy, and in the two branches of dispute resolution.
A study of relative erodibility of a group of Mississippi gully soils

In attempting to correlate watershed characteristics with reservoir sediment in a 1951 study, unexplained variation was found. It was thought that basic differences in soil erodibility between watersheds might account for a part of this variation. Accordingly studies were made to determine erodibility difference between soils, using several methods and using gully soils, free of vegetative influences. No absolute measure of erodibility seemed available. A laboratory rainmaker was used on cores of undisturbed soil and compared with a wet sieving aggregate stability method on pulverized soil Both were contrasted with natural rain splash losses on 9-inch diameter cores of undisturbed soil. Soil losses by laboratory splash technique generally compared very well with results by the aggregate stability method. The results from these two methods did not compare well with splash erosion caused by 29 months of actual rain except from the sandy material. The high percentage of natural rain at intensities below the critical value for detaching cemented soils was thought responsible. It appears that soils vary widely in their resistance to erosion as determined by any method. It further appears that relative erodibility may be varied depending upon the choice of methods of applying the erosion producing energy. Although no generally accepted standard method of assessing erodibility is yet available it is encouraging that different soils show widely different erosion rates. Therefore there is a possibility of deriving a method adequate to express erosion susceptibility differences. Loose sandy material from different geologic sources had about the same erosion potential regardless of method of evaluation. In general splash erosion increased with increase in sand content of the soil material. Aggregate stability decreased with increasing sand content.
Investigating spatial aggregation techniques using a heterogeneous radar landscape simulator for reducing uncertainties of soil moisture retrieval from SMAP

In this paper, a heterogeneous landscape simulator is introduced, which will facilitate lifelike forward modeling of various landscapes by taking additional information and ancillary data into account. First results of simple spatial aggregation techniques are discussed and the uncertainty of soil moisture retrieval is quantified. A scaling analysis is performed by investigating above- and below-ground modeling parameters for their influence on the radar model output and their impact on simple aggregation problems.
HOW FINE SEDIMENT IN RIVERBEDS IMPAIRS GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF JUVENILE SALMONIDS

Although excessive loading of fine sediments into rivers is well known to degrade salmonid spawning habitat, its effects on rearing juveniles have been unclear. We experimentally manipulated fine bed sediment in a northern California river and examined responses of juvenile salmonids and the food webs supporting them. Increasing concentrations of deposited fine sediment decreased growth and survival of juvenile steelhead trout. These declines were associated with a shift in invertebrates toward burrowing taxa unavailable as prey and with increased steelhead activity and injury at higher levels of fine sediment. The linear relationship between deposited fine sediment and juvenile steelhead growth suggests that there is no threshold below which exacerbation of fine-sediment delivery and storage in gravel bedded rivers will be harmless, but also that any reduction could produce immediate benefits for salmonid restoration.
Synthesis, characterization, and theoretical studies of metal complexes derived from the chiral tripyridyldiamine ligand Bn-CDPy3.

Synthesis and characterization of metal complexes of the chiral tripyridyldiamine ligand Bn-CDPy3 (1), derived from trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, are described, along with theoretical studies that support the experimental data. These studies confirm that a single coordination geometry, out of five possible, is favored for octahedral complexes of the type [M(Bn-CDPy3)Cl], where M equals Co(III), Fe(II), and Zn(II). A combination of X-ray crystallographic and NMR spectroscopic methods was used to define the structures of the complexes [Co(Bn-CDPy3)Cl]Cl2 (5), [Fe(Bn-CDPy3)Cl]X (X = FeCl4, Cl, ClO4, 6−8), and [Zn(Bn-CDPy3)Cl]2ZnCl4 (9) in the solid state and in solution. Experimental and theoretical data indicate that the most stable coordination geometry for all complexes possesses the Cl group trans to a basic amine donor and three pyridyl donors adopting the mer geometry, with two pyridyl N-donors adopting a coplanar geometry with respect to the M−Cl bond and the third pyridyl donor perpendicular to that ...
The Perfect Storm: Hurricanes, Insurance, and Regulation

The intense hurricane seasons of 2004 and 2005 caused considerable instability in property insurance markets in coastal states with the greatest problems occurring in Florida and the Southeast. Insurers have substantially raised rates and decreased their exposures. While no severe hurricanes struck the United States in 2006 and 2007, market pressures remain strong given the high risk still facing coastal states. These developments generate considerable concern and controversy among various stakeholder groups. Government responses have varied. In Florida, political pressures prompted a wave of legislation and regulations to expand government underwriting and subsidization of hurricane risk and constrain insurers' rates and market adjustments. Other states' actions seem more moderate. In this context, it is important to understand how property insurance markets have been changing and governments have been responding to increased catastrophe risk. This article examines important market developments and evaluates associated government policies. We comment on how regulation is affecting the equilibration of insurance markets and offer opinions on policies that are helpful and harmful.
Polymorphism of Alternative Splicing of Major Histocompatibility Complex Transcripts in Wild Tiger Salamanders

Alternative splicing (AS) of mRNA transcripts is increasingly recognized as a source of transcriptome diversity. To date, most AS studies have focused either on comparisons across taxa or on intragenomic comparisons across gene families. We generated a novel data set that represents one of the first population genetic comparisons of AS across individuals. In ambystomatid salamanders, AS of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIβ gene (Amti-DAB) produces two transcripts, one full-length and one truncated. The full-length transcript is functional, but the truncated transcript is missing the critical β1 domain that forms half of the peptide binding region in the intact MHC class II molecule. We captured wild salamander larvae (Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum) and genotyped them at Amti-DAB via DNA sequencing. From these same larvae, we extracted RNA from gill and spleen and evaluated the relative expression level of Amti-DAB in each tissue. Across individuals, 21% of the transcripts were truncated (alternatively spliced), and the absolute level of alternative transcript expression was higher in gill. The high level of nucleotide variation among seven Amti-DAB alleles provides the ability to detect substitutions (or linked DNA polymorphisms) that might have influenced AS. The data reveal no correlation between AS and haplotype, allele, or zygosity. However, indirect evidence (comparative expression patterns across 3 million years of evolution) suggests that the truncated Amti-DAB transcript may be functional and maintained by natural selection.
Analysis of Aircraft Handling Qualities and Pilot-Induced Oscillation Tendencies with Actuator Saturation

A pilot/vehicle analysis technique is offered which can provide predictions of handling qualities levels and pilot-induced oscillation rating levels in single-axis tracking tasks, with linear or nonlinear vehicle dynamics. The technique is applied to the three vehicle configurations evaluated hi the series of flight tests sponsored by the US Air Force, identified as HAVE LIMITS. The ability of the analysis technique to provide excellent quantitative predictions of the effects of actuator rate saturation on the handling qualities and pilot-induced oscillation susceptibility of the aircraft configurations is demonstrated. An interactive computer code is discussed which automates much of the pilot/vehicle analysis.
Altered Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtype Binding in Neonatal Rat Brain following Exposure to Chlorpyrifos or Methyl Parathion

The neurodevelopmental effects of two organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, chlorpyrifos (CPS) and methyl parathion (MPS), on cholinesterase (ChE) activity and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) binding were investigated in neonatal rat brain. Animals were orally gavaged using an incremental dosing regimen from postnatal day 1 (PND1) until PND8 with a low, medium, and high dosage for both CPS and MPS. On PND4 and PND8, ChE activity was measured in whole brain while the total and subtype densities of mAChRs were measured in three brain sections: area anterior to optic chiasma (anterior forebrain), area from the optic chiasma to the medulla/pons (posterior forebrain); and the medulla/pons excluding the cerebellum. The ligands 3 H-pirenzepine, 3 H-AF-DX 384, 3 H-4-DAMP, and 3 H-QNB were used to measure the maximal binding of the M1, M2/M4, and M3 subtypes and total mAChR receptors, respectively. In the anterior and the posterior forebrain, the levels of all mAChRs nearly doubled from PND4 to PND8, while in the medulla/pons, M1- and M3-subtype mAChR densities were low and did not increase and M2/M4 subtype and total mAChR slightly increased from PND4 to PND8. Reduction of ChE activity and mAChR binding by CPS or MPS was more evident in rats at PND8 than at PND4. With respect to mAChR binding, the greatest effects were observed in the medulla/pons and the least effects were observed in the posterior region of the forebrain. These results demonstrate that OPs exert adverse effects on rat central nervous system development through the cholinergic system in an age- and regiondependent manner.
Chirped-pulse cascaded quadratic compression of millijoule-energy, 35-fs pulses

A new concept - chirped-pulse cascade-compression - is proposed and demonstrated. Initial experiments agree with numerical simulations, including compression of 35 fs, 1.2 mJ-pulses to 20 fs. Scaling to higher pulse energies and compression ratios will be possible.
The impact of a supervised strength and aerobic training program on muscular strength and aerobic capacity in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

An intervention in the clinical management of individuals with type 2 diabetes is strength and aerobic training. Limited research has been conducted that investigates the effect of a supervised strength and aerobic training program on muscular strength and aerobic capacity in people with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this 1-group repeated-measures-designed study was to investigate the impact of a supervised strength and aerobic training program on muscular strength and aerobic capacity in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Thirteen subjects with type 2 diabetes completed the training program. Subjects met the American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes. For each subject, muscular strength (estimated 1 repetition maximum) and aerobic capacity (estimated maximal oxygen uptake) were measured before and after a supervised strength and aerobic training program as well as during a 6-week follow-up. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare muscular strength and aerobic capacity between pretesting, posttesting, and follow-up testing periods. Significant improvements in muscular strength (p 0.05) were found during follow-up testing, as compared to posttesting measures. This study indicates that a supervised strength and aerobic training program can significantly improve muscular strength and aerobic capacity in people with type 2 diabetes. Yet improvements in muscular strength due to training will not be maintained if individuals with type 2 diabetes do not adhere to a continuous training program. In addition, aerobic capacity can be improved with training, but aerobic capacity will not continue to improve if people with type 2 diabetes are not compliant with a continuous training program.
Inhibition of Alzheimer's beta (Aβ) amyloid fibril formation

(1997). Inhibition of Alzheimer's Beta (Aβ) Amyloid Fibril Formation. Emerging Therapeutic Targets: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 77-80.
Targeted Disruption of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3a (Gsk3a) in Mice Affects Sperm Motility Resulting in Male Infertility

The signaling enzyme glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) exists as two isoforms—GSK3A and GSK3B. Protein phosphorylation by GSK3 has important signaling roles in several cells. In our past work, we found that both isoforms of GSK3 are present in mouse sperm and that catalytic GSK3 activity correlates with motility of sperm from several species. Here, we examined the role of Gsk3a in male fertility using a targeted gene knockout (KO) approach. The mutant mice are viable, but have a male infertility phenotype, while female fertility is unaffected. Testis weights of Gsk3a � /� mice are normal and sperm are produced in normal numbers. Although spermatogenesis is apparently unimpaired, sperm motility parameters in vitro are impaired. In addition, the flagellar waveform appears abnormal, characterized by low amplitude of flagellar beat. Sperm ATP levels were lower in Gsk3a � /� mice compared to wild-type animals. Protein phosphatase PP1 gamma2 protein levels were unaltered, but its catalytic activity was elevated in KO sperm. Remarkably, tyrosine phosphorylation of hexokinase and capacitation-associated changes in tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins are absent or significantly lower in Gsk3a � /� sperm. The GSK3B isoform was present and unaltered in testis and sperm of Gsk3a � /� mice, showing the inability of GSK3B to substitute for GSK3A in this context. Our studies show that sperm GSK3A is essential for male fertility. In addition, the GSK3A isoform, with its highly conserved glycine-rich N terminus in mammals, may have an isoform-specific role in its requirement for normal sperm motility and fertility. glycogen synthase kinase 3a, male infertility, sperm capacitation, sperm motility, tyrosine phosphorylation
Design of lossless turbo source encoders

Lossless turbo source coding with decremental redundancy is an effective approach for compressing binary sources. A large block length lossless turbo source encoder offers compression rates close to the source entropy but with large latency. In this letter, we propose a lossless compression technique for binary memoryless sources using short block length turbo codes. To achieve compression rates close to the source entropy, we modify different components of the encoder. We focus on the design of the parity interleaver for different compression rates. Also, we replace the square shape puncturing array with a rectangular shape array that allows finer puncturing and hence improved compression rates. Finally, instead of a single code, we employ many codes operating in parallel. Given these modifications, we evaluate the encoding complexity of the proposed code
Diabetes, Intraperitoneal Insulin, and CAPD

In patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), hemoglobin A1 was measured in order to assess the effect of the high content of glucose in the dialysate solution. In five diabetics on CAPD, insulin was added to the dialysate in an attempt to maintain continuous control of blood glucose throughout the day. Glycosylated hemoglobin was elevated in seven diabetics prior to the initiation of CAPD (12.0 ± 2.3%) as it was in six non-diabetics after several months on CAPD. (9.6 ± 0.90%). With the use of intraperitoneal insulin, satisfactory control of blood glucose could be achieved and the rate of peritonitis was not increased. However, regardless of whether blood glucose was well-controlled or not, hemoglobin A1 as well as triglyceride values rose in diabetics on CAPD.
Serial Sectioning Methods for Generating 3D Characterization Data of Grain- and Precipitate-Scale Microstructures

This chapter provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art for experimental collection of microstructural data of grain assemblages and other features of similar scale in three dimensions (3D). The chapter focuses on the use of serial sectioning methods and associated instrumentation, as this is the most widely available and accessible technique for collecting such data for the foreseeable future. Specifically, the chapter describes the serial sectioning methodology in detail, focusing in particular on automated systems that can be used for such experiments, highlights possibilities for including crystallographic and chemical data, provides a concise discussion of the post-experiment handling of the data, and identifies current shortcomings and future development needs for this field.
Kinetic characterization of the extracellular xylanases of Thermomonospora sp.

This study deals with characterizing the extracellular xylanases produced by a strain of the thermophilic bacterial genus Thermomonospora. Supernatant from centrifuged fermentation broth was used as a crude enzyme preparation. From pH 5.5 to pH 7.7 the temperature optimum based on a 10-min assay of activity was 80°C. The crude enzyme had a half-life of approximately 1 month when stored at 55°C at pH 6.5. The enzyme produced a mixture of xylose oligomers from xylan, with xylobiose occuring in greatest quantity on a molar basis. Only trace quantities of xylose were produced by this hydrolysis.
Analysis of simple two-capacitor low-pass filters

The performance of typical low-pass capacitor filters is limited by the mutual inductance between the input and output sides of the filter. This paper describes how two appropriately spaced capacitors can be used to construct a low-pass filter with significantly better high-frequency performance than a one-capacitor filter. Laboratory measurements and numerical simulations are used to quantify the mutual inductance and compare the performance of one- and two-capacitor low-pass filters.
Clinical and Financial Benefits of Rapid Detection of Respiratory Viruses: an Outcomes Study

To assess the expected benefits of rapid reporting of respiratory viruses, we compared patients whose samples were processed using standard techniques such as enzyme immunoassays, shell vial assays, and culture tube assays (year 1) to patients whose samples were processed with the same standard techniques in addition to immunofluorescent testing (FA) directly on cytocentrifuged samples (year 2). The cytospin FA screened for influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza viruses 1 to 3, and adenovirus (DAKO Diagnostics Ltd.). The specificity of the cytospin FA for all viruses was 100%. The sensitivities for influenza A virus and RSV were 90 and 98%, respectively, but the sensitivities for influenza B virus and adenovirus were unacceptable (14.3 and 0%, respectively). However, since the former viruses account for >85% of our isolates from clinical specimens, the cytospin FA is an excellent screening test since the positive result was available within hours. The mean turnaround time for all positive viruses was 4.5 days in year 1 and 0.9 day in year 2 (P = 0.001). This rapid reporting resulted in physicians having access to information sooner, enabling more appropriate treatment. The mean length of stay in the hospital for inpatients with respiratory viral isolates was 10.6 days for year 1 versus 5.3 days for year 2. Mean variable costs for these patients was $7,893 in year 1 and $2,177 in year 2. After subtracting reagent costs and technological time, the savings in variable costs was $144,332/year. Summarizing, the cytospin FA markedly decreased turnaround time and was associated with decreased mortality, length of stay, and costs and with better antibiotic stewardship.
Arthroscopic Anterior Labral Reconstruction Using a Transglenoid Suture Technique Results in Active-Duty Military Patients

We report the clinical outcome of arthroscopic labral reconstruction using a transglenoid suture technique in a young, active-duty military population. Forty-eight patients (49 shoulders) with varying degrees of glenohumeral instability underwent arthroscopic labral reconstruction using a transglenoid suture technique. All patients had traumatic injuries to their shoulders and all patients had magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrating anterior labral tears. Postoperatively, the patients' shoulders were immobilized for up to 6 weeks. At a mean followup of 30 months (range, 12 to 49), 17 of the 41 patients (41%) with preoperative dislocation or subluxation had recurrent instability. Nine of these patients subsequently underwent open reconstruction procedures for recurrent instability. On the basis of the Rowe rating system, 53% had excellent or good results and 47% had fair or poor results. The overall perioperative complication rate was 14%. Suprascapular nerve palsy occurred in three cases (6%). Using the Fisher exact test, we determined that immobilization for 6 weeks postoperatively correlated with a lower recurrence rate in the patients with a history of glenohumeral dislocation (P = 0.007). The results of arthroscopic labral reconstruction using transglenoid sutures in the military patient are inferior to the reported 3% to 5% recurrence rate with open Bankart procedures, and the transglenoid pin technique jeopardizes the suprascapular nerve.
Prevalence and correlates of postsecondary residential status among young adults with an autism spectrum disorder

This study examined the prevalence and correlates of three living arrangements (with a parent or guardian, independently or with a roommate, or in a supervised setting) among a nationally representative sample of postsecondary young adults with an autism spectrum disorder. We assessed living arrangements since leaving high school. Compared with young adults with other disability types (learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, or emotional disturbances), those with an autism spectrum disorder were more likely to have lived with a parent or guardian and least likely ever to have lived independently since leaving high school. Members of the autism spectrum disorder group were less likely to have ever lived elsewhere and more likely to live under supervision since leaving high school compared to persons with emotional disturbances and learning disabilities. Group differences persisted after controlling for functional ability and demographic characteristics. Correlates of residential independence included being White, having better conversation ability and functional skills, and having a higher household income. Further research is needed to investigate how these residential trends relate to the quality of life among families and young adults.
Multiple Disadvantages: An Empirical Test of Intersectionality Theory in EEO Litigation

A rich theoretical literature describes the disadvantages facing plaintiffs who suffer multiple, or intersecting, axes of discrimination. This article extends extant literature by distinguishing two forms of intersectionality: demographic intersectionality, in which overlapping demographic characteristics produce disadvantages that are more than the sum of their parts, and claim intersectionality, in which plaintiffs who allege discrimination on the basis of intersecting ascriptive characteristics (e.g., race and sex) are unlikely to win their cases. To date, there has been virtually no empirical research on the effects of either type of intersectionality on litigation outcomes. This article addresses that lacuna with an empirical analysis of a representative sample of judicial opinions in equal employment opportunity (EEO) cases in the U.S. federal courts from 1965 through 1999. Using generalized ordered logistic regression and controlling for numerous variables, we find that both intersectional demographic characteristics and legal claims are associated with dramatically reduced odds of plaintiff victory. Strikingly, plaintiffs who make intersectional claims are only half as likely to win their cases as plaintiffs who allege a single basis of discrimination. Our findings support and elaborate predictions about the sociolegal effects of intersectionality.
The Relative Feeding Preference of the Walkingstick for Hardwoods in the Mountainous Region of West Arkansas and East Oklahoma

The walkingstick, Diapheromera femorata (Say), has been defoliating hardwoods in the mountainous regions of the Ouachita National Forest for the past 2 decades. Acreage defoliated has steadily increased over the past 3 years to a total of over 130,000 acres in 1970. During this period the insect gained status as a pest because of the threat to aesthetic values along the Talimena Scenic Drive and adjoining recreational areas. A Feeding Preference Index (FPI) is a calculated numerical rating given to plant species which indicates its relative attractiveness to an insect. Knowledge of the relative FPI is a valuable tool in delineating the hardwood species most attractive to walkingstick. By considering the proportion of total area containing these hardwood species, a reasonably accurate measure of defoliation susceptibility may be calculated. This study was undertaken for the purpose of defining the stand composition where the walkingstick does most of its damage.