cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Stocking Rate and Overseeding with Red Clover on Productivity of Native Pasture Continuously Grazed by Yearling Steers

Overseeding with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and stocking rate are factors that can affect composition and production of hill land pasture. A grazing experiment utilizing yearling beef steers (Bos taurus) was conducted using 3, 4, and 5 yearling steers ha−1 (285 kg), on native pasture (predominantly Poa pratensis L.) overseeded with red clover and non overseeded. Paddocks of 1 ha were continuously set stocked from mid May to the end of Sept. Herbage mass, herbage consumed and the percentage of legumes, grasses, dead material, and non-leguminous broadleaf plants were recorded. Animals were weighed at the initiation and end of each grazing season and at 4 week intervals. Overseeding increased legume content 4-fold the seeding year but much of this increase was lost the following year. Herbage mass was greater on overseeded pasture the year following seeding but no effect on animal productivity was found. Stocking rate did not affect percentage legume but the proportions of other broadleaf plants increased at high stocking rates. Average daily gain as well as total gain ha−1 was greatest at 4 steers ha−1.
High ALDH Activity Identifies Chemotherapy-Resistant Ewing's Sarcoma Stem Cells That Retain Sensitivity to EWS-FLI1 Inhibition

Background: Cancer stem cells are a chemotherapy-resistant population capable of self-renewal and of regenerating the bulk tumor, thereby causing relapse and patient death. Ewing’s sarcoma, the second most common form of bone tumor in adolescents and young adults, follows a clinical pattern consistent with the Cancer Stem Cell model – remission is easily achieved, even for patients with metastatic disease, but relapse remains frequent and is usually fatal. Methodology/Principal Findings: We have isolated a subpopulation of Ewing’s sarcoma cells, from both human cell lines and human xenografts grown in immune deficient mice, which express high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH high ) activity and are enriched for clonogenicity, sphere-formation, and tumor initiation. The ALDH high cells are resistant to chemotherapy in vitro, but this can be overcome by the ATP binding cassette transport protein inhibitor, verapamil. Importantly, these cells are not resistant to YK-4-279, a small molecule inhibitor of EWS-FLI1 that is selectively toxic to Ewing’s sarcoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions/Significance: Ewing’s sarcoma contains an ALDH high stem-like population of chemotherapy-resistant cells that retain sensitivity to EWS-FLI1 inhibition. Inhibiting the EWS-FLI1 oncoprotein may prove to be an effective means of improving patient outcomes by targeting Ewing’s sarcoma stem cells that survive standard chemotherapy.
Towards Understanding the Perceptions of Information Professionals about Competitive Intelligence Work

Little is known about how information professionals perceive themselves in the competitive intelligence (CI) work domain. There is a dearth of scholarly attention on their social identities in CI, their involvement with CI, and how their engagement impacts the usage of corporate information agency resources by CI practitioners. The goal of this study is to create a benchmark knowledge base addressing these issues. We developed five constructs — awareness of CI functioning in the organisation, perceived identity toward CI, perceived involvement in CI work, frequency of interactivities with CI practitioners, and perceived usage of corporate information agency resources — and attempted to propose and validate a causal model connecting these constructs. Data were collected through a survey of 86 information professionals, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and partial least squares (PLS). Our major findings include: few respondents identified themselves exclusively as CI professionals; the respondents collectively had a low CI-involvement level; perceived identity influenced perceived involvement; and both perceived involvement and frequency of interactivities influenced the usage of corporate information agency resources. These findings could influence the design of future CI programs and the education programs for new information professionals.
Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of BaTiO3 nanocrystals

Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 : BT) nanocrystals were tailored by hydrothermal method in the presence of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tweent 80) as a polymeric surface modi"er at 2303C for 0.5}2 h. The mean particle size was 77.8$23.5 nm by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and 83$19 nm by laser-scattering particle size analyzer. The narrow particle size distribution of the nanocrystals suggested that further growth and agglomeration of crystals have been hindered by the surface modi"er. These nanocrystals were identi"ed as metastable cubic phase BT by X-ray di!ractometry (XRD) and di!erential scanning calorimetry (DSC). However, Raman-active modes of tetragonal phase BT were detected from Raman spectra of as-prepared nanocrystals. Large strains have been observed in TEM dark "eld image, indicative of a structural deformation from metastable cubic phase to tetragonal phase. The results suggest that the hydrothermally synthesized BT nanocrystals are metastable cubic phase with some tetragonality. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C57BL/6 Neuromuscular Healthspan Scoring System

Developing a scoring system based on physiological and functional measurements is critical to test the efficacy of potential interventions for sarcopenia and frailty in aging animal models; therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a neuromuscular healthspan scoring system (NMHSS). We examined three ages of male C57BL/6 mice: adults (6-7 months old, 100% survival), old (24-26 months old, 75% survival), and elderly group (>28 months old, ≤50% survival)-as well as mice along this age continuum. Functional performance (as determined by the rotarod and inverted-cling grip test) and in vitro muscle contractility were the determinants. A raw score was derived for each determinant, and the NMHSS was then derived as the sum of the individual determinant scores. In comparison with individual determinants, the NMHSS reduced the effect of individual variability within age groups, thus potentially providing an enhanced ability to detect treatment effects in future studies.
Mucosal transmissibility, disease induction and coreceptor switching of R5 SHIVSF162P3N molecular clones in rhesus macaques

Background Mucosally transmissible and pathogenic CCR5 (R5)-tropic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) molecular clones are useful reagents to identity neutralization escape in HIV-1 vaccine experiments and to study the envelope evolutionary process and mechanistic basis for coreceptor switch during the course of natural infection.
Oxidative priming of neutrophils by interferon-gamma.

Priming of neutrophil (PMN) oxidative responses is an integral component of host defense and inflammation and may contribute to cell-mediated tissue injury. The characteristics and mechanisms of interferon- y (LFN-y)-induced oxidative priming of PMNs were ex- plored in vitro. Following pretreatment of human PMNs with recombinant WN-y, superoxide anion release was selectively primed toward the receptor-initiated stimulants f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and C5a but not toward the transduction-mediated stimulants phorbol myristate acetate and A23 187, a calcium ionophore. IFN-'y also in- duced priming toward the stimulant NaF, a direct ac- tivator of guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins. Priming was not associated with changes in fMLP surface receptor expression or degranulation. Priming was dependent on de novo mRNA and protein synthesis. The immuno- regulatory lymphokine IFN-'y primes PMN oxidative responses, apparently via production of proteins that are involved in the early postreceptor transductional path- ways of oxidative metabolism. j Leukoc. Biol. 53: 301- 308; 1993.
Pramipexole Augmentation in the Treatment of Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: A Retrospective Chart Review

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of pramipexole as an adjunctive medication in refractory bipolar and unipolar depression in a naturalistic setting. Methods: Retrospective chart review by psychiatrists on staff at a university hospital identified all patients who had received pramipexole. Response was based on moderate to marked improvement in the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale. Results: Pramipexole (mean dose 0.70 mg/d, mean duration 24.4 weeks) was effective in 6/12 (50.0%) of patients with bipolar depression, and 8/20 (40%) of patients with unipolar depression, mean duration of follow-up of 24.4 weeks. One case of transient hypomania was noted. Eight patients discontinued pramipexole due to lack of response and four due to side effects. Conclusions: Pramipexole, used as an adjunct to antidepressants or mood stabilizers, appeared to be effective and safe in the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression. These uncontrolled, retrospective, naturalistic pilot data require confirmation by controlled research before conclusions can be made.
OA16.01. Patients, physicians, and CAM providers regard communication as central for integrating conventional and CAM therapies for chronic pain

Methods Primary care providers (PCPs) were recruited, stratified on their rates of patient referral to CAM therapies. Acupuncturists and chiropractors were recruited from among those who treated MCO patients, stratified on numbers of MCO patients seen. Patients were recruited from among 11,960 respondents to a questionnaire on use of acupuncture and chiropractic for chronic pain, stratified on patterns of acupuncture and chiropractic use. Providers (CAM and conventional) participated in individual qualitative interviews. Patients participated in focus groups and individual interviews following similar structured guides. Audio from interviews and focus groups were transcribed, and coded. This poster addresses communication and interaction among PCPs, CAM providers, and patients.
Biocompatibility in cardiopulmonary bypass

Recent advances in surgical techniques and perfusion technology allow cardiac operations to be performed routinely with low mortality rates. However, patients undergoing cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are still associated with bleeding disorders, thrombotic complications, massive fluid shifts, and the activation of blood components that are collectively known as the whole body inflammatory response. In this review, the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on various humoral and cellular components of blood is examined. Blood activation caused by interaction with artificial materials of extracorporeal circuit and by material-independent stimuli is discussed. Methods to control blood activation during and after cardiopulmonary bypass are described. These include surface modification of extracorporeal circuit, control of flow dynamics in the circuit, pharmacological intervention, and the use of extracorporeal devices to remove inflammatory mediators. Recent findings on the effects of heparin-coated circuits on inflammatory response and clinical outcome are reviewed. It appears that the causes of inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass are multifactorial and that an integrated strategy is needed to control and eliminate the negative effects of CPB.
Mouse lymphoid cell line selected to have high immunoglobulin promoter activity

Immunoglobulin variable region promoters are predominantly B-cell specific, but the molecular basis for this specificity has not been elucidated. To further understand how B-cell-specific immunoglobulin promoter expression is mediated, the murine lymphoid cell line 2017 was engineered to express the green fluorescent protein under the control of an immunoglobulin heavy chain promoter and selected for high activity using multiple rounds of fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Rare clones with intense and stable immunoglobulin promoter activity were isolated. Transient transfection experiments demonstrated that two different immunoglobulin promoters and two other B-cell-specific promoters have higher activities in the selected cell lines relative to the parental line and to the non-cell-type-specific histone H2B promoter. The increased immunoglobulin activity required nucleotide residues downstream of the transcription initiation site which were also important for maximal activity in B cells and which were conserved in other B-cell-specific promoters. Unlike the unselected cells, the 2017 variants also showed activation of their endogenous immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions.
Global alteration in gene expression profiles of deciduas from women with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) occurs in ∼5% of women. However, the etiology is still poorly understood. Defects in decidualization of the endometrium during early pregnancy contribute to several pregnancy complications, such as pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and are believed to be important in the pathogenesis of idiopathic RPL. We performed microarray analysis to identify gene expression alterations in the deciduas of idiopathic RPL patients. Control patients had one antecedent term delivery, but were undergoing dilation and curettage for current aneuploid miscarriage. Gene expression differences were evaluated using both pathway and gene ontology (GO) analysis. Selected genes were validated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of 155 genes were found to be significantly dysregulated in the deciduas of RPL patients (>2-fold change, P < 0.05), with 22 genes up-regulated and 133 genes down-regulated. GO analysis linked a large percentage of genes to discrete biological functions, including immune response (23%), cell signaling (18%) and cell invasion (17.1%), and pathway analysis revealed consistent changes in both the interleukin 1 (IL-1) and IL-8 pathways. All genes in the IL-8 pathway were up-regulated while genes in the IL-1 pathway were down-regulated. Although both pathways can promote inflammation, IL-1 pathway activity is important for normal implantation. Additionally, genes known to be critical for degradation of the extracellular matrix, including matrix metalloproteinase 26 and serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal-type 1, were also highly up-regulated. In this first microarray approach to decidual gene expression in RPL patients, our data suggest that dysregulation of genes associated with cell invasion and immunity may contribute significantly to idiopathic recurrent miscarriage.
Active Science: Integrating Physical Activity and Science Learning into the Afterschool Environment

Background: Afterschool programs offer significant opportunities to increase physical activity levels and improve academic performance of children. Purpose: This study assessed an innovative approach to embed physical activity into science lessons in an afterschool community setting. Methods: Participants were 47 boys and girls (age = 10.8 ± 0.7 years) enrolled in an afterschool program offered at a YMCA located in an economically disadvantaged urban community. The 6-week curriculum included a 30-minute, twice-a-week physical activity intervention. The Active Science (n = 16) group participated in a series of age/grade appropriate science lessons that involved using their activity data (i.e., steps, distance, and calories) to explore and reinforce important science concepts. The control group (n = 31) participated in the physical activity component only. Results: A 2(time) × 2(group) repeated multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test showed that the group was not significant, F (24, 1) = 0. 51, P>.0...
Non-Uniqueness and Stability of the Configuration of Flow of Immiscible Fluids with Different Viscosities,

High-viscosity liquids hate to work. Low-viscosity liquids are the victims of the laziness of high-viscosity liquids because they are easy to push around.The arrangement of components in steady flow of immiscible liquids is typically non-unique. The problem of selection of arrangements is defined here and is studied by variational methods under the hypothesis that the realized arrangements are the ones that maximize the speed on exterior boundaries for prescribed boundary tractions, or the ones that minimize the tractions for prescribed speeds. The arrangements which minimize tractions also minimize the dissipation by putting low-viscosity liquid in regions of high shear. The variational problem is used as a guide to intuition in the design and interpretation of experiments when results of analysis of stability are unavailable. In fact we always observe some kind of shielding of high-viscosity liquid. This can occur by sheet coating in which low-viscosity liquid encapsulates high-viscosity liquid, or through the formation of rigidly rotating masses of high-viscosity liquid which we call rollers. In other cases we get emulsions of low-viscosity liquid in a high-viscosity foam. The emulsions arise from a fingering instability. The low-viscosity liquid fingers into the high-viscosity liquid and then low-viscosity bubbles are pinched off the fingers. The emulsions seem to have a very low effective viscosity and they shield the high-viscosity liquid from shearing. In the problem of Taylor instability with two fluids, low-viscosity Taylor cells are separated by stable high-viscosity rollers.
Search for short-lived particles using holography

The authors describe their experience using holography to gain better resolution than is possible with the conventional optics of the Fermilab 15-foot bubble chamber. In a physics run where the chamber was exposed to a high energy neutrino beam, approximately 293,000 conventional 3-view photographs and 218,000 holograms, of which approximately 110,000 are useful for physics, were recorded simultaneously. Over 1000 interactions from the bubble chamber with at least a 2X improvement in resolution were holographically reconstructed.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A sensor placement algorithm for redundant covering based on Riesz energy minimization

We present an algorithm for sensor placement with redundancy where each point in a 2-dimensional space is covered by at least k sensors under the constraint that all the sensors are located away from each other. We reduce the problem to distributing points evenly on the surface of a torus manifold and solve it computationally by minimizing the Riesz energy. We also study the case where the coverings are incrementally constructed. We illustrate our approach with numerical results and compare it to similar approaches in dispersed dither mask halftoning.
Talking about reasoning : How important is the peer in peer collaboration?

Using data from two studies of scientific reasoning, this chapter explores whether transactive discussion is the basis of productive peer collaborations and questions what role the partner plays in the apparent effectiveness of this type of discussion. In the first study, dyads who engaged in transactive discussion showed more improvement than dyads who did not have transactive discussions. In the second study, both dyads and children working alone showed improvement related to talk in general. However, dyads produced more transactive types of talk and showed a more complex understanding of the problem that they generated more quickly. Having a partner was not a necessary or sufficient condition for producing transactive talk but increased likelihood that it would occur. The data from these studies suggest that the value of peer collaborations may be that the presence of a partner provides a natural context for elaborating one’s own reasoning.
Aspects of psychodynamic neuropsychiatry IV: love, ripe fruit, and other addictions.

Abstract Passionate love is a powerful emotional/biological force. So too is heart-break a powerful emotional/biological force. This article studies the neurobiological underpinnings of the two. The argument is that passionate love is best understood not as an affective dysregulation but rather as an addiction. And similarly that heart-break is best understood, and treated, not as an affective dysregulation but as an addiction. Clinical examples are given.
Analysis and convergence of finite volume method using discontinuous bilinear functions

We develop finite volume method using discontinuous bilinear functions on rectangular mesh. This method is analyzed for the Stokes equations. An optimal error estimate for the approximation of velocity is obtained in a mesh-dependent norm. First order L2-error estimates are derived for the approximations of both velocity and pressure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
A Feminist Examination of Community Kitchens in Peru and Bolivia

Community kitchens in the Andean countries of Peru and Bolivia are complex spaces with the potential to empower and subjugate women. This article is based on 15 years experience working on issues of gender and development in the Andes and includes information from participant observation and discussions with development workers. It concludes that the neo-liberal agenda benefits from community kitchens because it allows the state to abdicate its responsibility to the poor.
22q11.2 microdeletions in adults with familial tetralogy of Fallot

Purpose: To determine the incidence of 22q11.2 microdeletions in the adult survivors of correction of tetralogy of Fallot who have familial congenital heart disease. Methods: Patients who had survived a correction of tetralogy of Fallot between 1954 and 1974 and had affected family members were identified during a study of these long-term survivors. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was performed using both the N 25 (Oncor) and TUPLE1(VYSIS) probes, mapped to 22q11.2. Results: One of 18 (5.6%) patients had a microdeletion within 22q11.2, including both N25 and TUPLE1. Conclusion: 22q11.2 microdeletions involving TUPLE1 and/or N25 are present in a minority of adults with familial tetralogy of Fallot.
Neighborhood properties are important determinants of temperature sensitive mutations.

Temperature-sensitive (TS) mutants are powerful tools to study gene function in vivo. These mutants exhibit wild-type activity at permissive temperatures and reduced activity at restrictive temperatures. Although random mutagenesis can be used to generate TS mutants, the procedure is laborious and unfeasible in multicellular organisms. Further, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the TS phenotype are poorly understood. To elucidate TS mechanisms, we used a machine learning method–logistic regression–to investigate a large number of sequence and structure features. We developed and tested 133 features, describing properties of either the mutation site or the mutation site neighborhood. We defined three types of neighborhood using sequence distance, Euclidean distance, and topological distance. We discovered that neighborhood features outperformed mutation site features in predicting TS mutations. The most predictive features suggest that TS mutations tend to occur at buried and rigid residues, and are located at conserved protein domains. The environment of a buried residue often determines the overall structural stability of a protein, thus may lead to reversible activity change upon temperature switch. We developed TS prediction models based on logistic regression and the Lasso regularized procedure. Through a ten-fold cross-validation, we obtained the area under the curve of 0.91 for the model using both sequence and structure features. Testing on independent datasets suggested that the model predicted TS mutations with a 50% precision. In summary, our study elucidated the molecular basis of TS mutants and suggested the importance of neighborhood properties in determining TS mutations. We further developed models to predict TS mutations derived from single amino acid substitutions. In this way, TS mutants can be efficiently obtained through experimentally introducing the predicted mutations.
VAST to Knowledge: Combining tools for exploration and mining

The investigation of the VAST Contest collection provided a valuable test for text mining techniques. Our group has focused on creating analytical tools to unveil relevant patterns and to aid with the content navigation in such text collections. Our results show how such an approach, in combination with visualization techniques, can ease the discovery process especially when multiple tools founded on the same approach to data mining are used in complement to and in concert with one another.
A comparison of three dispersion media on the physicochemical and toxicological behavior of TiO2 and NiO nanoparticles.

Abstract Nanomaterials represent a burgeoning field of technological innovation. With the onset of environmental release and commercial product exposure associated with nanomaterial manufacture and proliferation, the concomitant effects on human health remain unknown and demand further investigation. Agglomeration of nanomaterials in biologically relevant media used in in vitro methods further complicates dosing in toxicological study. Objective: to compare the effects of in vitro dispersion techniques on the physicochemical and toxicological dosimetry of TiO2 (
Results of Optical Imaging of Brain Pathology

Optical imaging (OI) and spectroscopy (OS) use light emitted into scattering media such as human tissue to determine interior structure and chemical content, and have broad application to the field of medicine. Existing medical imaging techniques often are limited in suitability as continuous, noninvasive human monitors, and most do not distinguish between normal, impaired, or dead tissues [1]. Visible and near-infrared light will pass through human tissue in small amounts, and this transmitted or reflected light can be used for constructing in vivo images. Light is nonionizing at many wavelengths, and known to function well as a medical probe for measuring the functional state of tissue. It is believed that such noninvasive optical monitoring techniques potentially offer reduced pain and discomfort associated with medical therapy, improved health outcome, and lowered costs of medical care. Multiple investigators are now studying in vivo optical approaches (including Chance, Kang, Delpy, Arridge, Cope, Hebden, Sevick, Ferrari, Grafton, Alfano, and others). However, due to the high degree of light scattering in tissue, images formed in vivo using optical radiation have been poor, and quantitation rendered nonquantitative by long, irregular photon paths.
Infectious Complications of Stem Cell Transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an accepted treatment for a variety of hematologic malignancies. The profound immunosuppression these patients experience adversely affects their risk of infection. This risk is much higher than in the general population and requires aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The chapter will outline the major infections after HSCT.
Abstract 235: Role of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme on the Production of Angiotensins From Angiotensin-(1-12) In Normotensive Wistar-kyoto Rats and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

We investigated the metabolic pathways contributing to angiotensin II (Ang II) formation from Ang-(1-12) in WKY and SHR. Intravenous infusion of Ang-(1-12) (2 nmol/kg/min) induced a significant pressor response (+ 48 ± 5 mm Hg). Pretreatment with lisinopril [angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, 10mg/kg] abolished the pressor response by Ang-(1-12) while chymostatin (chymase inhibitor, 10mg/kg) had no effect on the blood pressure rise by Ang-(1-12). ACE inhibition increased plasma Ang-(1-12) from an average of 6,750 ± 2,871 to 23,345 ± 4,509 fmol/mL in vehicle and lisinopril-treated WKY (P
Pemberton pelvic osteotomy and varus rotational osteotomy in the treatment of acetabular dysplasia in patients who have static encephalopathy

Forty-four patients (fifty-two hips) who had static encephalopathy and acetabular dysplasia were managed with a Pemberton osteotomy as part of a comprehensive operative approach. Thirty-three patients had quadriplegia and were unable to walk; the remaining eleven patients had diplegia and could walk. The age at the time of the operation ranged from four years and five months to sixteen years and five months, as an open triradiate cartilage is a prerequisite for the Pemberton procedure. Concomitant operative procedures included a varus rotational osteotomy in fifty of the involved hips, a soft-tissue release in thirty-seven hips, and an open reduction in thirteen hips. The mean center-edge angle preoperatively was -11 degrees (range, -80 to 17 degrees), which improved to a mean of 27 degrees (range, 5 to 62 degrees) at the time of the latest follow-up. The mean duration of follow-up was four years (range, two years to eight years and eight months). At the time of writing, none of the hips had redislocated but one hip had subluxated. Eight of the hips had been painful preoperatively, but none of these was painful at the time of the most recent follow-up. One patient who had not had pain in the hip preoperatively had pain at the time of the follow-up evaluation. There were no complications attributable to posterior uncovering of the hip. The age of the patient at the time of the operation had no discernible effect on the result.
“The whole world had gone against them”: Ex-Servicemen and the Politics of Relief

The wartime economy provided regular occupations for soldiers and civilians alike, but the First World War did not usher in any long-term solution to the “problem of unemployment.” Rather, when grim economic circumstances returned in the fall of 1920, the situation created new anxieties about the particular demoralizing effects of unemployment on veterans. At a mass meeting in Halesowen in February 1924, for example, the national secretary of the British Legion indicated that “the question of unemployment was causing great concern at headquarters, for they were finding out many cases where the unemployed were degenerating into unemployables. Some of the men had become so despondent that they felt the whole world, including the country for which they had fought, had gone against them.”1 The Legion considered the employment question central to veterans’ status, “because they felt it was hard to know that a man who had been a good workman had lost the chance of earning his livelihood because he had been away fighting so that others might live.” Councilor Robbins, secretary to the West Midlands area British Legion, argued that “if a man was good enough to fight he ought to be maintained until employment could be found for him.”2 In many cases, however, the national government fell short in providing either maintenance or employment.
Wildlife species richness and densities in wildlife corridors of Northern Tanzania

Wildlife corridors are crucial for effective conservation in fragmented landscapes, yet these corridors are vanishing across Africa. In order to assess the relative conservation effectiveness of two distinct management areas linking Tarangire and Lake Manyara National Parks in Northern Tanzania, we assessed seasonal densities of wild and domestic species as well as species richness of large mammals over a 3-plus-year time period. Line distance sampling showed that livestock densities were considerably higher in a human-dominated area with little enforcement of natural resource utilization (Mto wa Mbu Game Controlled Area; CA) than in a Maasai pastoral area with stricter limitations and enforcement of natural resource utilization (Manyara Ranch; MR). Conversely, densities of most corridor-dwelling (giraffe, Kirk’s dik dik, and ostrich) and migratory (Grant’s gazelles, zebra, and wildebeest) wildlife species were mostly higher in MR compared to the CA. Large mammal species richness was about two times higher in MR than in the CA. Despite strong anthropogenic pressures on communal lands and natural resources, our long-term wildlife monitoring provides evidence of continued connectivity in the Tarangire-Manyara ecosystem. At the same time, we caution that continued land-use changes and illegal exploitation of wildlife resources severely threaten the functional connectivity of this ecosystem. Our comparative analysis highlights the conservation value of pastoral lands in East African savannahs, provided that additional stressors such as land-use changes and uncontrolled hunting of wildlife are restricted.
Relationship between maximum bicarbonate and maximum acid outputs in the dog.

SummaryThe maximum bicarbonate output (M.B.O.) of the pancreas in response to secretin and the maximum acid output (M.A.O.) of the stomach in response to histamine have been studied in 5 dogs. The M.B.O. represents mEq for mEq about 30% M.A.O. Calculations from published human data suggest that the pancreas could neutralize the acid output of a normal stomach.Addendum. Since this paper was prepared, Preshaw and Grossman(11) have reported that the mean maximal rate of secretion of bicarbonate by the dog's pancreas is about one-third of the mean maximal rate of acid secretion by the stomach.
Fibronectin distribution in normal and malignant urothelium.

Abstract Fibronectin is a glycoprotein that mediates the attachment of BCG to the murine bladder. To assess the potential role of fibronectin on bladder cancer cells as a specific substrate for BCG binding in man, a semi-quantitative method was employed to evaluate the presence of fibronectin on normal urothelium and bladder cancer. Monoclonal anti-fibronectin binding to normal and malignant urothelial tissues was evaluated by an immunoperoxidase assay. Human tumor cell lines were evaluated with mixed hemadsorption and immunoperoxidase assays. In both systems, immunoreactive fibronectin had low expression on unfixed normal and malignant urothelium. With fixation, immunoreactive fibronectin decreased on supporting stroma and increased in normal and malignant urothelium. Fibronectin distribution did not show tumor specificity either with fixed or unfixed specimens. ( J. Urol., 143: 418–420, 1990 )
Chapter One - The Many Facets of Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity

Abstract This chapter reviews prior research and our current thinking on individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC), the nature of WMC limitations, and the relation between WMC and higher-order cognition (in particular fluid intelligence). Evidence is reviewed suggesting that individual differences in WMC arise from multiple different facets. These facets include differences in the capacity of primary memory, attention control abilities, and secondary memory abilities. We review evidence suggesting that each facet is related to overall individual differences in WMC and part of the reason for the predictive power of WMC. Furthermore, we outline the role of each facet in various measures of WMC including complex span tasks, simple span tasks, and visual arrays change detection tasks. We argue that to understand WMC and individual differences in WMC, we must delineate and understand the various facets that make up WMC.
Gender Differences in the Effects of Personality Traits on Party Identification in the United States

ABSTRACTThis study examines whether the Big Five personality traits have different effects on male and female party identification in the United States. Research has found associations between personality traits and partisanship in the United States. However, there is solid evidence of gender differences in personality traits, and past studies have not yet considered whether personality-partisanship relationship might be gender-differentiated. This study finds that with the increase of agreeableness, women tend to be Republicans, but men tend to be Democrats. Furthermore, as openness to experience increases, women are more likely to be strong partisans, but men are more likely to be independents or leaning partisans. To sum up, this study provides evidence that the effects of the Big Five personality traits on party identification vary by gender and suggests that it is wrong to assume that the Big Five personality traits have the same impacts on male and female party identification.
Mental Health of the Older Veteran

Veterans older than 60 years of age represent the majority of the veteran population. Evaluation and management of common psychiatric conditions in older veterans, including neurocognitive disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), require special consideration due to the increased frailty, greater medical and psychiatric comorbidity, and unique psychosocial challenges faced by this population. Suicide risk is increased in older veterans, particularly combat veterans and former prisoners of war. This chapter reviews the nature, course, and consequences of common psychiatric disorders in older veterans and suggests future directions for research.
Presentation of the Morris F. Collen Award to Clement J. McDonald, MD.

The American College of Medical Informatics (ACMI) is an honorary society established to recognize those who have made sustained contributions to the field. Its highest award, for lifetime achievement and significant contributions to the discipline of medical informatics, is the Morris F. Collen Award. Dr. Collen's own efforts as a pioneer in the field stand out as the embodiment of creativity, intellectual rigor, perseverance, and personal integrity. Once a year, when appropriate, the College gives its highest recognition to those whose attainments have, throughout their careers, substantially advanced the science and art of medical informatics. In 2004, the College was proud to present the Collen Award to Dr. Clement J. McDonald (Fig. 1). Dr. McDonald has been an innovative, hands-on, and operationally oriented contributor to the field of informatics. In addition, he has proved himself the traditional academic triple threat of educator, clinical care provider, and researcher. Figure 1 Clement J. McDonald, MD. ### Early Days Clem McDonald grew up on Chicago's West Side. His father was an engineer and his mother was a schoolteacher. Of the five McDonald children, all three boys grew up to become physicians. As a five year old, Clem first displayed the ingenuity that would become a hallmark of his life and career. He and a couple of buddies took the “El” or elevated train downtown but lacked sufficient funds to return home; young Clem panhandled for change to pay the return fare for himself and his kindergarten comrades. It was in the fifth grade that Clem read the entire World Book Encyclopedia after he contracted polio requiring a long recuperation at home. Clem enrolled at Notre Dame where he graduated in three years with majors in chemistry, physics, and biology before attending the University of …
Social-Psychological harmonic oscillators in the self-regulation of organizations and systems

We propose ab initio the existence of social-psychological harmonic oscillators (SPHO) acting computationally in the minds of an intelligent audience that a self-regulated collective exploits to solve problems, resolve complex issues, or entertain itself. Using computational intelligence, our ultimate goal is to self-regulate systems composed of humans, machines and robots. We conclude in an overview that self-regulation, characterized by our solution of the nonlinear tradeoffs between Fourier pairs of Gaussian distributions, affects decision-making differently for organizations and systems: When set inside of a democracy to solve well-defined problems, optimum performance requires command decision-making along with maximum cooperation among an organization's multitaskers (few challenges maximize oscillations); but, to solve ill-defined problems across a system requires maximum competition among participants and organizations (challenges minimize oscillations).
Historicizing Deduction: Scientific Method, Critical Debate, and the Historian

If ever there were scientific procedures that seemed immune to history, induction and deduction would be them. Their validity seemingly unimpinged by the vicissitudes of history, they appear a proper subject of discussion for philosophers and scientists, but not for historians. Historians pride themselves on demonstrating that the internal logic of theory is historical — a response to particular conditions. Breakdowns in logic present historians with opportune moments for historicization, for showing how theoreticians’ efforts to respond to their situation made them move inconsistently. When it comes to induction and deduction, however, they seem so universal and basic — the logic and methodology of science unthinkable without them — that any effort to demonstrate their historically bound character risks relativizing science and, some would argue, undermine rational exchange. Can the historian participate, qua historian, in the conversation on induction and deduction without unraveling science and undermining rational exchange?
Chapter 3 Comparisons Between Open-Ocean and Continental Margin Chert Sequences

Abstract In order to determine the depositional environments of orogenic belt cherts, we compared chert sequences that we studied in Costa Rica, California, and Alaska with cherts recovered by the Deep Sea Drilling Project during Legs 62 and 69. Leg 62 recovered cores in open-ocean environments on Hess Rise and the Mid-Pacific Mountains, and Leg 69 recovered deposits from the south flank of the Costa Rica Rift. Comparisons of lithologic associations, sedimentary structures, chemistry, sedimentation rates, and modes of formation clearly show that chert sequences occurring in orogenic belts are not analogous to cherts that have been drilled in open-ocean environments. the orogenic belt chert sections we studied apparently formed in tectonically produced basins near continental margins. No known cherts of any age drilled in the Pacific Ocean basin resemble the ribbon cherts observed on land. Cherts from the deep sea occur mainly as nodules or lenses in, or above, limestone and chalk, and compose a small percentage of the overall sedimentary sequences. Typical deep-sea open-ocean cherts such as those from Legs 62 and 69, formed by replacement of calcareous or clayey sediments, whereas, bedded ribbon cherts in orogenic belt sequences, such as those from Costa Rica, California, and Alaska, formed by diagenetic recrystallization of alternating contrasting sediment types, such as siliceous ooze and hemipelagic clay, tuff, or sandstone. Many of the chert beds were laid down by turbidity currents. the cherts we studied in orogenic belts are in depositional continuity with greenstone as well as graywacke turbidites. Sections rarely, if at all, have limestones associated with them.
Enhancing FcγR-mediated antibody effector function during persistent viral infection

Persistent viral infections can interfere with FcγR-mediated antibody effector functions by excessive immune complex (IC) formation, resulting in resistance to therapeutic FcγR-dependent antibodies. We and others have previously demonstrated that mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) are resistant to a wide range of depleting antibodies due to excessive IC formation. Here, we dissect the mechanisms by which two depleting antibodies overcome the obstacle of endogenous ICs and achieve efficient target cell depletion in persistently infected mice. Efficient antibody-mediated depletion during persistent LCMV infection required increased levels of antibody bound to target cells or use of afucosylated antibodies with increased affinity for FcγRs. Antibodies targeting the highly expressed CD90 antigen or overexpressed human CD20 efficiently depleted their target cells in naive and persistently infected mice, whereas antibodies directed against less abundant antigens failed to deplete their target cells during persistent LCMV infection. In addition, we demonstrate the superior activity of afucosylated antibodies in the presence of endogenous ICs. We generated afucosylated antibodies directed against CD4 and CD8α, which, in contrast to their parental fucosylated versions, efficiently depleted their respective target cells in persistently infected mice. Efficient antibody-mediated depletion can thus be achieved if therapeutic antibodies can outcompete endogenous ICs for access to FcγRs either by targeting highly expressed antigens or by increased affinity for FcγRs. Our findings have implications for the optimization of therapeutic antibodies and provide strategies to allow efficient FcγR engagement in the presence of competing endogenous ICs in persistent viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
Effectiveness of healthcare educational and behavioral interventions to improve gout outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:We aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of healthcare behavioral and education interventions for gout patients on clinical outcomes.Methods:We searched multiple databases to ...
The Effect of Electrospun Fiber Diameter on Astrocyte-Mediated Neurite Guidance and Protection

The topography of electrospun fiber scaffolds modifies astrocytes toward in vivo-like morphologies and behaviors. However, little is known about how electrospun fiber diameter influences astrocyte behavior. In this work, aligned fibers with two distinct nanoscale fiber diameters (808 and 386 nm) were prepared, and the astrocyte response was measured over time. Astrocytes on the large diameter fibers showed significantly increased elongation as early as 2 h after seeding and remained significantly more elongated for up to 4 days compared to those on small diameter fibers. Astrocytes extending along larger diameter fibers were better equipped to support long neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia neurons, and neurite outgrowth along these astrocytes was less branched than outgrowth along astrocytes cultured on small diameter fibers. The differences in astrocyte shape observed on the small or large diameter fibers did not translate into differences in GLT-1, GFAP, or GLAST protein expression. Thus, different fiber diameters were unable to influence astrocyte protein expression uniquely. Nevertheless, astrocytes cultured in either small or large fibers significantly increased their expression of GLT-1 compared to astrocytes cultured on nonfiber (film) controls. Fibrous-induced increases in astrocyte GLT-1 expression protected astrocyte/neuron cocultures from toxicity generated by high extracellular glutamate. Alternatively, astrocytes/neurons cultured on films were less able to protect these cells from culture conditions consisting of high glutamate levels. Biomaterials, such as the fibrous materials presented here, may help stimulate astrocytes to increase GLT-1 expression and uptake more glutamate, since astrocytes are less likely to uptake glutamate in neurodegenerative pathologies or following central nervous system injury.