cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Symptom overlap between OCD and bulimia nervosa

Abstract There have been several suggestions in the literature that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the eating disorders anorexia and bulimia nervosa may be related. The present study compared 50 female OCD patients, 69 normal-weight female bulimia nervosa patients, and 28 normal women without a history of an eating disorder, dieting behavior, or a psychiatric disorder on a variety of psychometric measures of obsessiveness and compulsivity, depression, and anxiety. Statistical analysis confirmed that on the OC subsection of the SCL-90-R and on the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory, OCD patients scored higher than both normal volunteers and bulimics, and bulimics scored higher than normal volunteers. On the measure of depression, the depression subscale of the SCL-90-R, bulimic and OCD patients scored similarly to one another, and greater than did normal controls. In the bulimic patients, scores on the bulimia subscale of the EDI correlated with both measures of OC symptomatology. A subgroup of the bulimic patients participated in a six-week supervised inpatient treatment program. After six weeks of enforced abstinence from bingeing and vomiting, patients demonstrated a significant decrease in obsessionality and compulsivity as measured by both the SCL-OC and the MOC, but no change in their Hamilton Depression Rating scores. However, their scores on the SCL-depression subscale did decrease significantly. These results suggest that bulimic patients score significantly greater than controls on ratings of obsessionality (MOC, SCL-90-R-OC), and that obsessionality responds to effective nonpharmacological treatments for bulimia.
Tallahassee, Osceola, and the Hermeneutics of American Place-Names

This essay offers a critical interpretation of U.S. place-naming patterns in relation to Native Americans through an exploration of themes of American civil religion arising out of the context of nineteenth-century American territorial expansion into Florida. Public symbols, such as Native-derived place-names and the schematic representation of Native Americans on state seals, are analyzed as public monuments that replicate ideologies of dominance and dramatically influence public memory. In order to get behind the myth-making power of place-names, the practice of appropriating Native-derived names for white communities in an expanding Euro-American cosmos is juxtaposed with the brutal historical treatment of Native Americans. The case of Osceola is presented as a specific instance of dismembering and remembering in the service of Euro-American nationalistic and cultural needs.
The impact of extended sleep on daytime alertness, vigilance, and mood

Abstract Background and purpose To measure the effects of prolonged sleep extension on daytime alertness, vigilance, and mood in healthy young adults. Little research has documented the effects of increased sleep on daytime function despite a high prevalence of daytime fatigue and sleepiness in the adult population. Past extension studies report conflicting results with regard to Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) scores, vigilance, and mood ratings. No study has challenged subjects to maximum sleep extension, defined by an MSLT score of 20. Patients and methods Fifteen healthy college students reporting minimal daytime sleepiness were allowed to sleep as much as possible during a sleep extension period. MSLT scores, psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) reaction times, and profile of mood states (POMS) ratings were measured at baseline, mid-extension, and end-extension. Results There was a significant increase in both journal and actigraphy sleep totals during all extension segments ( P P P P Conclusions Extended sleep leads to substantial improvements in daytime alertness, reaction time, and mood.
Picture primitives in device independent graphics systems

Current device independent graphics systems define their graphical output primitives (picture primitives) in a very ad hoc manner. This paper identifies the approaches taken by some typical systems, suggests a formalization of the concept of a picture primitive, and proposes an implementation framework for a device independent graphics system.
Molecular determinants of the alpha-2D adrenergic receptor subtype

The alpha-2 adrenergic receptor in the bovine pineal gland and the rodent homologues of the human alpha-2-C10 receptor express alpha-2D subtype pharmacological characteristics. The alpha-2 adrenergic receptor in the chicken pineal expresses characteristics similar to the alpha-2A subtype found in human and pig. The rodent receptors (alpha-2D) contain a serine residue at position 201 whereas the human and porcine receptors (alpha-2A) have a cysteine at this position. Our results indicate that the bovine pineal receptor has a serine at position 201, supporting the alpha-2D classification. However, the chicken pineal receptor also contains a serine at position 201 suggesting that other amino acids may be responsible for the differences in pharmacological characteristics.
Temperature gradients at two locations within the tooth during cavity preparation in vitro

An improved method has been developed to measure temperature at both the DEJ and the PDJ during cavity preparation. This method allows a more realistic determination of the effects on the pulp tissue of various tooth reduction procedures. In future studies, the same method could also be used to determine pulpal effects from various restorative materials.
Change of Sex Gaps in Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Over the Life Span in the United States

Purpose Previous research has led to the expectation that the gap in mortality between sexes narrows in older ages as sex differences in fecundity decrease. However, the patterns and explanations of variations in sex disparities in mortality across the life span and underlying causes of death are not well understood. We conducted a population-based study to further test this hypothesis. Methods By using a nationally representative sample of adults ( N = 25,254) with mortality follow-ups for 18 years, we modeled age variations in sex differences in risks of mortality from leading causes of death. Results Male excesses in mortality decrease at older ages significantly for some but not all causes. Differential exposures to social, physiological, and morbidity risk factors account for the late life reductions of the sex mortality gaps completely in circulatory diseases, partially or minimally in the other causes of death. Social status and relationship are more important risk factors for mortality in younger ages, health behaviors are significant for all ages, and physiological dysregulation is more predictive of mortality in older ages. Conclusions Sex differences in the risk of mortality have strong age variations and are cause specific. Additional studies of age acceleration of cancer mortality risk are needed.
Dynamics in the Bronzan-Lee Model

The nonrelativistic Bronzan-Lee model is solved by the method of old-fashioned strong-coupling theory. The isobar physical states are derived in terms of the bare parameters, and all the renormalization constants are calculated. It is argued that taking all the bare couplings to infinity leads to a bootstrap solution.
Suppression of nonlinear panel flutter at supersonic speeds and elevated temperatures

Coupled structure-electrical nonlinear panel flutter equations of motion are derived using the finite element method for composite panels with embedded piezoelectric layers subjected to thermal loads. The von Karman large-deflection strain-displacement relations, quasisteady first-order piston theory aerodynamics, quasisteady thermal stress theory, and linear piezoelectricity theory are used. Following a modal transformation and reduction, a set of coupled nonlinear modal equations of motion is obtained. By using the linear optimal control design for the linearized modal equations, an optimal shape and location of piezoelectric actuators can be determined. Numerical simulations based on the nonlinear modal equations show that the maximum flutter-free dynamic pressure with the linear optimal control can be increased as high as six times of the critical dynamic pressure. The panel's large-amplitude limit-cycle motions, as well as periodic and chaotic motions at moderate temperatures, are shown to be completely suppressed within the maximum flutter-free dynamic pressure region. Flutter suppression on composite panels with different aspect ratios, boundary conditions, and thermal effects are also studied. The results reveal that piezoelectric actuators are effective in nonlinear panel flutter suppression.
Mouse tracking, behavioral biometrics, and GEFE

In this paper, we introduce a mouse movement behavioral biometric that involves image feature extraction using Genetic and Evolutionary Computations (GECs). This technique is referred to as Genetic and Evolutionary Feature Extraction (GEFE), and has been successfully used on a number of different biometrics. The data collector used in this paper is one where a user moves the mouse in an attempt to bring up a username/password dialog interface. This data collector traces the user's mouse movement to waken the dialog and represents that as an image. Our results suggest that mouse movement can be used to successfully distinguish between users.
Pulmonary Arterial Blood Volume and Tissue Volume in Man and Dog

After the injection of an ethyl ether-alcohol solution above the pulmonic valve, the pulmonary arterial circulation time was determined in conscious man by an established body plethysmographic technique and in anesthetized man by a newly developed pneumotachographic method. In the anesthetized dog, estimates of pulmonary arterial circulation time determined by this new method were compared with those simultaneously determined by the plethysmographic method; agreement was good. The usefulness of applying corrective factors for the right-to-left intrapulmonary shunt and the uptake of ether gas from the alveoli into the blood while the ether gas is being evolved from the initial injection was evaluated from the dog experiments. In five humans with normal pulmonary arterial pressures, pulmonary arterial blood volume estimated by these methods was 172 ± 22 (sd) ml. Estimates of pulmonary tissue volume in both dogs and man were much larger than previously reported values determined from the tritiated water space of the lungs but more in keeping with previously published estimates of the total water content of the lungs determined at postmortem examination.
Complementarity of Politics and Administration as a Legitimate Alternative to the Dichotomy Model

Although the politics-administration dichotomy model has frequently been presented as historically important but conceptually and empirically faulty, the criticisms have missed two fundamental points. First, it is not—as commonly presumed—the founding theory of public administration in the United States but rather a poorly grounded characterization of the early literature that took hold in the late 1950s. The term dichotomy was rarely used before that time and never used by the “founders” of the field who were supposed to have invented the model. Second, there is an alternative model of complementarity that has been present in the literature from Wilson onward. It stresses interdependency, reciprocal influence, and extensive interaction between elected officials and administrators along with recognition of the need for distinct roles and political supremacy. The politics-administration complementarity model—elaborated here with references to the “old” public administration literature prior to 1960—offers ...
Two-dimensional network acquired by Pb(II)-2-aminoethanethiolate

The combination of an equivalent amount of Pb(NO3)2 and 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride in the presence of a base yielded a twodimensional network consisting of [PbCl(SCH2CH2NH3)](NO3 )( 1) units. The network is further extended to a three-dimensional framework with intermolecular hydrogen bonding involving NO 3 � and Cl � . The geometry around Pb in 1 can be best described as distorted pentagonal bipyrimidal with the axial positions occupied by Cl atoms. Due to the presence of a weak PbACl bond, the two-dimensional network can be considered to be formed of PbS2Cl units with an additional Cl acting as bridging atom. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
On the Approximation of Optimal Structures for RNA-RNA Interaction

The interaction of two RNA molecules is a common mechanism for many biological processes. Small interfering RNAs represent a simple example of such an interaction. But other more elaborate instances of RNA-RNA interaction exist. Therefore, algorithms that predict the structure of the RNA complex thus formed are of great interest. Most of the proposed algorithms are based on dynamic programming. RNA-RNA interaction is generally NP-complete; therefore, these algorithms (and other polynomial time algorithms for that matter) are not expected to produce optimal structures. Our goal is to characterize this suboptimality. We demonstrate the existence of constant factor approximation algorithms that are based on dynamic programming. In particular, we describe 1/2 and 2/3 factor approximation algorithms. We define an entangler and prove that 2/3 is a theoretical upper bound on the approximation factor of algorithms that produce entangler-free solutions, e.g., the mentioned dynamic programming algorithms.
Breastfeeding Behavior Among Adolescents: Initiation, Duration, and Exclusivity

NOTICE: This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Adolescent Health. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Adolescent Health, Vol 53, Issue 3, 2013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.04.005
The leg drop pendulum test in spastic cerebral palsy: the addition of active elements to a passive, nonlinear, second order model

This paper reports on ongoing work in the modelling of the leg drop pendulum test as a means of assessment in spastic cerebral palsy. In a previous paper, the author demonstrated that a passive model, while adequate for modelling normal limbs, is not adequate for modelling the limb of a subject with spastic cerebral palsy. This paper extends the previous work by presenting the results of an active model which was optimized to fit data taken from three subjects. The result of the optimization process demonstrates several important points. First, the model with active elements gives a better fit to real data than any combination of the previous passive model elements. Second, the addition of active elements, which are physiologically justifiable, allows the removal of passive elements from the previous model which were not physiologically justifiable. One of the more unique features of this work is the subjects: a set of identical triplets, two of whom have varying degrees of spastic cerebral palsy and one who is without a disability. As a result, the author had a "control" available from which a "normal" model could be derived. The paper presents a model based on passive elements derived from the "normal" triplet combined with active elements that cause the model to respond to the leg drop pendulum test in the same way as do the limbs of the two disabled subjects.
Performance Modeling and Mapping of Sparse Computations

In the past, knowledge processing (anomaly detection, target identification, social network analysis) of sensor data did not require real-time processing speeds. However, the rapid growth in the size of the data and the shortening time scale of the required data analysis are driving the need for applications that provide real-time signal and knowledge processing at the sensor front end. Many knowledge processing techniques, such as Bayesian networks, social networks, and neural networks, have a graph abstraction. Graph algorithms are difficult to parallelize and thus cannot take advantage of multi-core architectures. Many graph operations can be cast as sparse linear algebra operations. While this increases the ease of programming, parallel sparse algorithms are still inefficient. This paper presents a search-based mapping and routing approach for sparse operations. Since finding well-performing maps and routes for sparse operations is a computationally intensive task, the mapping and routing algorithms have been parallelized to take advantage of the Lincoln Laboratory cluster computing capability, LLGrid. Our parallelization of the approach yielded near linear speed up and the mapping and routing results demonstrate over an order of magnitude performance improvement over traditional mapping techniques.
Early Postnatal Nutrition Determines Adult Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure in Female Mice

Decades of research in rodent models has shown that early postnatal overnutrition induces excess adiposity and other components of metabolic syndrome that persist into adulthood. The specific biologic mechanisms explaining the persistence of these effects, however, remain unknown. On postnatal day 1 (P1), mice were fostered in control (C) or small litters (SL). SL mice had increased body weight and adiposity at weaning (P21), which persisted to adulthood (P180). Detailed metabolic studies indicated that female adult SL mice have decreased physical activity and energy expenditure but not increased food intake. Genome-scale DNA methylation profiling identified extensive changes in hypothalamic DNA methylation during the suckling period, suggesting that it is a critical period for developmental epigenetics in the mouse hypothalamus. Indeed, SL mice exhibited subtle and sex-specific changes in hypothalamic DNA methylation that persisted from early life to adulthood, providing a potential mechanistic basis for the sustained physiological effects. Expression profiling in adult hypothalamus likewise provided evidence of widespread sex-specific alterations in gene expression. Together, our data indicate that early postnatal overnutrition leads to a reduction in spontaneous physical activity and energy expenditure in females and suggest that early postnatal life is a critical period during which nutrition can affect hypothalamic developmental epigenetics.
Lock reservation: Java locks can mostly do without atomic operations

Because of the built-in support for multi-threaded programming, Java programs perform many lock operations. Although the overhead has been significantly reduced in the recent virtual machines, One or more atomic operations are required for acquiring and releasing an object's lock even in the fastest cases.This paper presents a novel algorithm called lock reservation. It exploits thread locality of Java locks, which claims that the locking sequence of a Java lock contains a very long repetition of a specific thread. The algorithm allows locks to be reserved for threads. When a thread attempts to acquire a lock, it can do without any atomic operation if the lock is reserved for the thread. Otherwise, it cancels the reservation and falls back to a conventional locking algorithm.We have evaluated an implementation of lock reservation in IBM's production virtual machine and compiler. The results show that it achieved performance improvements up to 53% in real Java programs.
7.10: Presentation session: Poster session and reception: “Early detection of Alzheimer's disease using nonlinear analysis of EEG via Tsallis entropy”

A preliminary study of Sneddon et al. (2005) using visual working memory tasks coupled with quantified EEG (qEEG) analysis distinguished mild dementia subjects from normal aging ones with a high degree of accuracy. The present study hypothesizes that a simpler task such as having a subject count backwards mentally by ones can be coupled with qEEG to yield a similar degree of accuracy for classifying early dementia. The study focuses on participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and includes both a delayed visual match-to-sample (working memory) task and a counting backwards task (eyes closed) for comparison. The counting backwards protocol included 15 normal aging and 11 MCI participants, and the working memory task included 9 normal aging and 7 MCI individuals. The EEG data were quantified using Tsallis entropy, and the brain regions analyzed included the prefrontal cortex, occipital lobe, and the posterior parietal cortex. The counting backwards task had a sensitivity of 82%, a specificity of 73%, and an overall accuracy of 77% whereas the working memory task had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 89%, and an overall accuracy of 94%. The results suggest that simple tasks such as having a subject count backwards may distinguish MCI (p<0.05) sufficiently to use as a rough screening tool, but psychophysical tasks such as working memory tests appear a potentially much more useful approach for diagnosing either MCI or very early Alzheimer's disease.
Teacher support of adherence for adolescents with type 1 diabetes: preferred teacher support behaviors and youths' perceptions of support.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the preferences of adolescents with type 1 diabetes regarding the role of teacher support and perceptions associated with the most supportive and least supportive teachers, as well as to examine the effects of child age and gender on these relationships. Method This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study included 102 adolescents with type 1 diabetes recruited through the outpatient treatment clinic at a Midwestern children's hospital. Adolescents completed demographic questionnaires and questionnaires assessing the role of teacher support. Outcome measures included the newly developed Ideal Teacher Questionnaire, which measured adolescents' preferences for teacher support, and the Diabetes Teacher Support Questionnaire, which evaluated adolescents' perceived frequency of teacher support behaviors and feelings about this support. Results Youth rated their most supportive teacher as engaging more frequently in support behaviors than their least supportive teacher. Students who expressed a preference for an actively involved teacher had more positive feelings about the support they received from teachers and perceived a higher level of support from their most supportive teacher. Girls perceived a greater frequency of support behaviors than boys and felt more positive about these behaviors. Younger adolescents reported a higher frequency of teacher support behaviors and felt that these behaviors were more supportive. Conclusions There are consistent interpersonal differences in adolescents' desires for teacher support of diabetes self-care. It may be important to consider adolescents' preferences for diabetes-related teacher support.
Beta-testing a requirements analysis tool

Two requirements specifications were analyzed using three requirements analysis tools: a reconstruction of NASA's ARM tool, TIGER Pro 2.0, and a new tool. The new tool being beta-tested reported many more true positives than TIGER Pro 2.0, which in turn reported many more true positives than the ARM reconstruction. However, using its default settings, the new tool raised many false positives, which resulted in unacceptably low values for precision. Feedback has been provided to the company developing the new tool. Lessons learned about beta-testing and requirements analysis tools are described.
Prp22 and spliceosome components regulate chromatin dynamics in germ-line polyploid cells.

During Drosophila oogenesis, the endopolyploid nuclei of germ-line nurse cells undergo a dramatic shift in morphology as oogenesis progresses; the easily-visible chromosomes are initially polytenic during the early stages of oogenesis before they transiently condense into a distinct ‘5-blob’ configuration, with subsequent dispersal into a diffuse state. Mutations in many genes, with diverse cellular functions, can affect the ability of nurse cells to fully decondense their chromatin, resulting in a ‘5-blob arrest’ phenotype that is maintained throughout the later stages of oogenesis. However, the mechanisms and significance of nurse-cell (NC) chromatin dispersal remain poorly understood. Here, we report that a screen for modifiers of the 5-blob phenotype in the germ line isolated the spliceosomal gene peanuts, the Drosophila Prp22. We demonstrate that reduction of spliceosomal activity through loss of peanuts promotes decondensation defects in NC nuclei during mid-oogenesis. We also show that the Prp38 spliceosomal protein accumulates in the nucleoplasm of nurse cells with impaired peanuts function, suggesting that spliceosomal recycling is impaired. Finally, we reveal that loss of additional spliceosomal proteins impairs the full decondensation of NC chromatin during later stages of oogenesis, suggesting that individual spliceosomal subcomplexes modulate expression of the distinct subset of genes that are required for correct morphology in endopolyploid nurse cells.
Effect of Temperature on the Ultimate Strength and Modulus of Whisker‐Reinforced Ceramics

Whiskers are a very attractive means of reinforcing a ceramic material. It has been shown that the whiskers dramatically improve the ultimate strength and modulus of the materials at room temperature. However, recent studies indicate that at high temperatures the improvement is less pronounced, or there is no improvement at all. In this paper a model is developed to explain why the properties are degraded at high temperature. The parameters which seem most important for high-temerature performance are the coefficients of thermal expansion and Poisson's ratios for the constituents, the heat treatment temperature, and the cofficeint of friction between the whisker and the matrix. The model compares favorably with the experimental data available, so a parametric study was done to show the effect of different parameters on the strength and modulus of the composite.
THE EFFECTS OF SOLUBLE AND INSOLUBLE COMPONENTS OF BEEF SKELETAL MUSCLE ON THE STABILITY OF MEAT BATTERS

The effects of soluble and insoluble components of beef skeletal muscle were examined by incorporating these fractions into batters made from beef heart and beef skeletal muscle and measuring the stability of these batters. In both types of batters, the homogenate residues promoted stability. Removal of salt from these residues decreased or removed their ability to stabilize the meat batters.
Birth of piglets following DNA microinjection of in vitro‐fertilized porcine zygotes

(1998). Birth of piglets following DNA microinjection of in vitro‐fertilized porcine zygotes. Animal Biotechnology: Vol. 9, Proceedings of the Food Animal Biotechnology (FAB) Center Symposium on Transgenic Animals and Food Production, pp. 199-200.
The importance of the multipoint-to-multipoint indoor radio channel in ad hoc networks

In the study of the multipoint-to-multipoint (M2M) radio channel, the physical backbone of wireless ad hoc networks, has direct application in the simulation and design of multi-hop routing protocols. The ad hoc network radio channel differs from the point-to-point or point-to-multipoint channels previously investigated, since each device may communicate with any other device. First, this paper presents a M2M measurement campaign conducted in an open-plan office area at 925 MHz. The measurements are analyzed to demonstrate spatial correlation between neighboring hops in the network. Then, the measurements are used to numerically characterize the effectiveness of a minimum-energy routing scheme. These measurements show that using existing models in the simulation of ad hoc networks can result in inaccurate results. Observations are made about the performance of a minimum-energy routing protocol in a real M2M radio channel. Finally, a channel model is suggested to more accurately represent the M2M radio channel.
Alcohol consumption among Alaskan drug users.

This study investigated predictors of alcohol consumption among drug users not currently in treatment in Anchorage, Alaska. Data were collected from 114 female and 269 male drug users via structured interviews. Alcohol consumption was defined as estimated number of drinks consumed in the last 30 days. Results revealed a high proportion consuming alcohol within the last 48 hours and 30 days (73% and 96%, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression revealed that five variables, accounting for 9% of the variance, were significantly related to alcohol consumption. Positively related were greater perceived risk of getting AIDS; obtaining income from spouse, family, or friend; living on the streets or in a shelter; or living in a hotel or boarding house. Negatively related was having an education level greater than high school. For those participants who reported having sex during the last 30 days, two variables were positively related to alcohol consumption and accounted for 17% of the variance: number of times used alcohol with sex and frequency of sex without a condom. In addition to identifying several demographic variables that are significantly related to alcohol consumption, the results document the relationship between alcohol consumption and unsafe sexual practices. Language: en
應用史哈特循環：計畫－執行－檢查－行動模式於臨床復健醫療服務等待時間之改善

The Shewhart cycle ”Plan-Do-Check-Act” (PDCA) can be applied by organizations as a model for designing, checking, evaluating, improving, or re-designing plans to improve the quality of service. We applied the PDCA model to clinical rehabilitation services in Taiwan and discussed its effects on the improvement in waiting time. Three issues facing current clinical rehabilitation services were proposed by the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in a medical center to which PDCA was applied: (1) arranging occupational therapy for in-patients within 3 days after consultation, (2) shortening the waiting time for therapy in children with developmental delays, and (3) shortening the waiting time for psychological evaluation experienced by children with developmental delays. The results showed that (1) the rate of scheduling occupational therapy within 3 days after consultation improved from 76% to the threshold of 90%, (2) the waiting time for occupational therapy, speech therapy, and physical therapy among children with developmental delays improved from 6 months to 25 days, 3 months to 14 days, and 2 weeks to 1 week, respectively, and (3) the waiting time for psychological evaluation was shortened from 18 days to 5 days. The PedsQL-Health Satisfaction score given by caregivers of the children with developmental delays improved 4% after the application of PDCA. Our study proved that the application of the PDCA model could improve the waiting time and quality in clinical rehabilitation services.
On the passage from the quantum theory to the semi-classical theory in 2D dilaton gravity

Abstract An attempt is made to understand the passage from the exact quantum treatment of the CGHS theory to the semi-classical physics discussed by many authors. We find first that to the order of accuracy to which Hawking effects are calculated in the theory, it is inconsistent to ignore correlations in the dilaton gravity sector. Next the standard Dirac or BRST procedure for implementing the constraints is followed. This leads to a set of physical states, in which however the semi-classical physics of the theory seems to be completely obscured. As an alternative, we construct a coherent state formalism, which is the natural framework for understanding the semi-classical calculations, and argue that it satisfy all necessary requirements of the theory, provided that there exist classical ghost configurations which solve an infinite set of equations. If this is the case it may be interpreted as a spontaneous breakdown of general covariance.
Analysis of drug resistance in 238 retreated smear-positive and sputum-culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases

Objective To understand drug resistance status and cause in pulmonary tuberculosis patients retreated and evaluate the results of tuberculosis control strategy Methods The history of hospitalization and drug resistance of 238 retreated smear-positive and culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were analyzed in Hubei Province in 1999 Drug sensitivity tests with proportion methods had been conducted with the drug concentrations:SM μg4/ml,INH 0 2μg/ml,RFP 40μg/ml EMB 2μg/ml Results The total drug resistant rate was 44 5% and the multidrug resistant rate was 21 8% The rates of drug resistance and multidrug resistance in integrated hospitals,township hospitals and tuberculosis control organizations were 56 4%,31 3%,46 3% and 30 8%,15 0% and 20 8% Conclusion Irregular treatment of tuberculosis patients has been the main cause for the occurrence of drug resistance and mulatidrug resistance in the tuberculosis patients treated
Alternative feeding strategies and genetics for providing adequate methionine in organic poultry diets with limited use of synthetic amino acids

Currently, synthetic methionine (Met) use in organic poultry diets in the United States is limited to 1, 1, and 1.5 kg per metric tonne of feed for laying hens, broilers, and turkeys and other poul...
Stroke and Neoplasia

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of stroke and neoplasia. The etiology of stroke depends on the type of underlying tumor, the extent of its metastasis, including central nervous system metastasis, and the type of antineoplastic therapy. Coagulation disorders associated with cancer or its treatment are also an important cause of stroke. Hemorrhage is more common in leukemias, especially acute myelogenous leukemias, than in other tumors and is usually due to acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Acute DIC is characterized by thrombocytopenia, decreased levels of clotting factors, and increased fibrinolytic activity and produces clinically apparent hemorrhage and microvascular thrombosis. Brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are the most useful initial tests for diagnosing cerebral hemorrhage or infarction. Results of therapy depend on the cause of stroke and the response of the underlying tumor or infection to treatment. Patients with parenchymal brain hemorrhage associated with metastasis usually benefit from steroids to reduce cerebral edema. External radiation should be administered after steroids have been instituted. Surgical evacuation of a single hematoma can sometimes be beneficial.
Using Simulation to Conduct a Usability Study of Wearable Technology

Abstract Background This study had two purposes. First, to assess the usability and perceived ease of use (PEU) of a head-mounted display (HMD) in the health care environment. Second, to assess whether the use of a remote teleconsultant intensivist via a HMD improves the management of a simulated cardiac arrest. The use of technology, specifically HMDs (such as Google Glass™), is becoming more popular, especially in health care. However, the efficacy, usability, and PEU have not been studied to any great extent. Assessing new technology is an important step when considering potential implementation in a patient care setting. Using simulation to assess the usability and the PEU is one method that can provide insight into the viability of new technology. Methods Nine teams of internal medicine residents (31 individuals) participated in this study conducted in a simulation center with a high-technology patient simulator. Resident teams were randomized to the availability of a remote intensivist via teleconsultation using a HMD. The residents were asked to provide care to a patient and had the opportunity to activate the HMD for assistance. Results The main outcome measure was the PEU and usefulness of the HMD during a cardiac arrest. Although the PEU and perceived usefulness of the HMD were not different between the teams, the team leaders, who used the HMD during the scenario, scored the device as more useful than other team members. The second outcome of proper management of a critical patient was not improved with the use of a HMD. Conclusions Real-time video communication via a HMD was seen as potentially useful by the team leaders, but not by team members. In addition, the use of a HMD for communication did not improve the management of a simulated patient. New technologies, including wearable, HMDs may have their role in health care, but must first be tested for efficacy, ease of use, and perceived usefulness in realistic simulated patient environments. Introducing new technology in a simulated environment may aide in their adoption in clinical environments or prevent dangerous and costly missteps.
The effects of heat and mass diffusion on freely oscillating bubbles in a viscoelastic, tissue-like medium

In certain cavitation-based ultrasound techniques, the relative importance of thermally vs mechanically induced damage is unclear. As a first step to investigate this matter, a numerical model for bubble dynamics in tissue-like, viscoelastic media is presented in which full thermal effects are included inside and outside the bubble, as well as interdiffusion of vapor and non-condensible gas inside the bubble. Soft tissue is assumed to behave according to a Kelvin-Voigt model in which viscous and elastic contributions are additive. A neo-Hookean formulation, appropriate for finite-strain elasticity, accounts for the large deformations produced by cavitation. Numerical solutions to problems of relevance to therapeutic ultrasound are examined, and linear analysis is used to explain the underlying mechanisms. The dependence between the surrounding medium's elasticity (shear modulus) and the extent to which the effects of heat and mass transfer influence bubble dynamics is quantified. In particular, the oscillation properties are related to the eigenvalues determined from linear theory. Regimes under which a polytropic relation describes the heat transfer to sufficient accuracy are identified, for which the complexity and computational expense associated with solving full partial differential equations can be avoided.
Trinity Lutheran Church V. Comer: Paradigm Lost?

Acting pursuant to its state constitution, Missouri excluded houses of worship from a program that provides government support for resurfacing playgrounds. In Trinity Lutheran Church v. Comer (“TLC”), the Supreme Court ruled (7-2) that this exclusion violated the Free Exercise Clause. To those with a sense of Religion Clause history, the Supreme Court’s opinion arrived as a shock. As this essay explains, the agreement among the Justices in the majority masks deep division about basic Religion Clause principles. The essay analyzes the status of those principles, and the ways in which TLC disregards or abandons them. Most starkly, the Court ignored the longstanding and widespread pattern among state constitutions to prohibit transfers of money to houses of worship. The Court similarly ignored relevant Establishment Clause principles. In place of those concerns, the Court’s opinion relies on a supposed Free Exercise principle of non-discrimination. In the past, however, the Free Exercise Clause has been a bar only to discrimination among faiths, never to distinctive treatment of houses of worship. The reach of TLC may be circumscribed by footnote 3, in which four of the Justices reserve the question of whether the principle of nondiscrimination extends to religious uses of funds. In their concurring opinions, however, Justices Thomas and Gorsuch show no such restraint. In their view, any exclusion of religious entities in state funding programs would violate the Free Exercise Clause. As we explain, this approach turns the Religion Clauses on their heads, and represents a deep betrayal by Justice Gorsuch of his commitments to text and history. Where will TLC lead? The essay’s final section analyzes the cases that the Supreme Court remanded, in light of TLC, to the state courts in New Mexico and Colorado. These cases all involve state constitutional restrictions on public support of private schools. We believe that the state courts will uphold their constitutional restrictions on remand, and the U.S. Supreme Court will leave the results in those cases undisturbed. Nevertheless, TLC invites challenges to other state constitutional limits on direct public support for religious experience, perhaps in charter schools or faith-based social services. Ultimately, the courts must decide whether TLC represents a radical shift from the longstanding paradigm of no direct state funding for religious experience to one that requires equal funding of such experience.
Behavioral Health Integration into Primary Care: a Microsimulation of Financial Implications for Practices.

New payments from Medicare encourage behavioral health services to be integrated into primary care practice activities. To evaluate the financial impact for primary care practices of integrating behavioral health services. Microsimulation model. We simulated patients and providers at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs), non-FQHCs in urban and rural high-poverty areas, and practices outside of high-poverty areas surveyed by the National Association of Community Health Centers, National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and National Health Interview Survey. A collaborative care model (CoCM), involving telephone-based follow-up from a behaviorist care manager, or a primary care behaviorist model (PCBM), involving an in-clinic behaviorist. Net revenue change per full-time physician. When behavioral health integration services were offered only to Medicare patients, net revenue was higher under CoCM (averaging $25,026 per MD in year 1 and $28,548/year in subsequent years) than PCBM (−$7052 in year 1 and -$3706/year in subsequent years). When behavioral health integration services were offered to all patients and were reimbursed by Medicare and private payers, only practices adopting the CoCM approach consistently gained net revenues. The outcomes of the model were sensitive to rates of patient referral acceptance, presentation, and therapy completion, but the CoCM approach remained consistently financially viable whereas PCBM would not be in the long-run across practice types. New Medicare payments may offer financial viability for primary care practices to integrate behavioral health services, but this viability depends on the approach toward care integration.
Comparing Safety and Efficacy of “Third-Generation” Antiepileptic Drugs: Long-Term Extension and Post-marketing Treatment

Four “third-generation” antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were approved for adjunctive treatment of refractory focal onset seizures during the past 10 years. Long-term efficacy and safety of the drugs were demonstrated in large extension studies and in reports of subgroups of patients not studied in pivotal trials. Reviewing extension study and post-marketing outcome series for the four newer AEDs—lacosamide, perampanel, eslicarbazepine acetate and brivaracetam—can guide clinicians in treating and monitoring patients. AED extension studies evaluate treatment retention, drug tolerability, and drug safety during individualized treatment with flexible dosing and thus provide information not available in rigid pivotal trials. Patient retention in the studies ranged from 75 to 80% at 1 year and from 36 to 68% at 2-year treatment intervals. Safety findings were generally similar to those of pivotal trials, with no major safety risks identified and with several specific adverse drug effects, such as hyponatremia, reported. The third-generation AEDs, some through new mechanisms and others with improved tolerability compared to related AEDs, provide new options in efficacy and tolerability.
Dynamic performance research on bi-stable permanent magnetic actuator applied in 40.5kV vacuum circuit breaker

In order to realize the safety and reliability operation of circuit breaker, the bi-stable permanent magnet actuator is presented according to the 40.5kV vacuum circuit breaker. In the aspect of theoretical analysis, the motion properties and load characteristics of transmission system are studied and given the principle, structure and design parameters of bi-stable permanent magnet actuator. The matching performance experimental system are designed and completed between the prototype and vacuum circuit breaker, which employed linear displacement sensor to measure the travel of contact. The opening and closing characteristics of contact are researched under the rated operational voltage, which analyzed the influence of different operating voltage and capacitance capacity for the opening and closing properties, the stability of motion characteristics for the bi-stable permanent magnet actuator under the same operating conditions through the matching experimental system. The testing results show that the average opening speed is 1.5m/s, average closing speed is 1.12m/s, which meet with the operating requirements of circuit breaker. The average opening speed increases 0.2m/s and average closing speed is 0.1m/s according with the operating voltage increases 20V. The average opening speed increases 0.15m/s and average closing speed is 0.1m/s according with the capacitance capacity increases 0.01F. The stability of operation time is high for the bi-stable permanent magnet actuator machine under the different operation times.
Manufacturing evaluation using resource-based, template-free features

This paper addresses the theory and tools that promote rapid product and process development of machined products. A foundation of this approach is the application of a new definition of manufacturing features called resource-based free-form features. Using free-form features we demonstrate how cost, time and quality predictions, based on available equipment, are computed. We also introduce the concept of intelligently clustering alternative features to achieve better process alternatives. The approach presented herein is appropriate throughout the product design life-cycle as an aid to faster product realization by evaluating the parochial manufacturability of a completed design. In particular, this approach will provide the design team with cost, time and quality predictions, based on available equipment, that can be used to guide the design process. It also provides the manufacturing team with an approach to evaluating producibility and generating a production plan for a product model using available equipment in terms of cost, time and quality.
Transgenic Crops to Preserve Biodiversity

The rapidly expanding field of commercial transgenic cultivation has its greatest concern related to environmental well being as transgenic crops are seen as a threat to the biodiversity in the agricultural fields. Since transgenic technology is continuing to witness a rapid growth in terms of developing novel varieties, it is imperative to examine whether the developed varieties contribute to preserving biodiversity. Further, it is also necessary to focus future research towards developing transgenic varieties to contribute to preserving and enhancing the biodiversity. The present review aims to present an overview of the current status of transgenic technology in contributing to biodiversity and suggest future research strategies enabling the preservation of biodiversity.
Numerical Model for Creep Behavior of Axially Loaded CLT Panels

AbstractThe performance of post-tensioned rocking cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels depends on the ability to maintain the post-tensioned force in the strand. This post-tensioned force may change...
Further Evidence of Racial Disparities in Drug Court Outcomes: Enhancing Service-Delivery to Reduce Criminal Recidivism Rates for Non-White Participants

The first drug court began in 1989, and since their inception, they have expanded to over 3,000 in the United States and United States territories. The long-term goal of drug courts is to reduce cr...