cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TNF-ALPHA INHIBITS ISOPROTERENOL STIMULATED ADENYLYL CYCLASE ACTIVITY IN CULTURED AIRWAY SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

Inflammation, increased cytokine production, and decreased responsiveness of airway smooth muscle (ASM) to beta-adrenergic agonists are characteristics of asthma. We questioned whether the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) directly impaired beta-adrenergic signal transduction in cultured canine ASM cells. Confluent ASM cells exposed to TNF-alpha (0.1-10 ng/ml) for 72 h showed lower maximal levels of adenylyl cyclase activity in response to isoproterenol (10 ng/ml; 14 +/- 4.3 vs. 7.5 +/- 1.3 pmol adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate x well(-1) x 20 min(-1), control vs. treated, respectively), despite no changes in beta-adrenergic receptor numbers (maximum number of binding sites = 4.8 +/- 0.72 vs. 4.5 +/- 0.81 fmol/mg protein, control vs. treated, respectively). Adenylyl cyclase activities in response to prostaglandin E1, NaF, or forskolin were not different in treated and untreated cells. These results demonstrate that a cytokine known to be increased during exacerbation of asthmatic symptoms directly impairs beta-adrenergic function in ASM cells and suggests a mechanism by which inflammation impairs beta-adrenergic receptor signal transduction in asthma.
Chain Store Distribution vs. Independent Wholesaling

ally belonged to the regular or independent wholesaler. A century ago the wholesaler was the dominant factor in merchandise distribution. Manufacturers were much smaller generally than they are today, hence they required the sort of service the wholesaler had to offer. Retailers too were normally independent, small-scale operators who relied heavily on the wholesaler for the merchandise they sold. Direct selling or buying as we think of it today was practically nonexistent for most manufactured commodities. All imported commodities flowed through wholesalers' hands and most exports were sold through wholesale exporters. In the rural areas and in communities adjacent to agricultural activity, retail merchants traded directly with farmers, as they continue to do in many parts of the country. Today the wholesaler remains one of the most important links in the chain of distribution, but a far weaker link than was true in the past. His position has been challenged and weakened from two directions. (I) The expansion of manufacturing into gigantic mass-producing industries generated pressure for ever increasing sales volume. The wholesaler was unwilling or unable to devote the attention to any one producer's lines which the latter deemed necessary. Hence, manufacturers sought to shortcircuit or side step the wholesaler by various means of direct selling. These means run all the way from advertising and sales promotion directed at consumers and retailers to the establishment of elaborate branch wholesale houses throughout the nation. (2) The development of large-scale retailing in the form of mail order houses, department stores, and chain systems, especially since the beginning of the century, has generated pressure for direct purchasing in the hopes of securing lower prices. It is with the last of these, the chain stores, and their competitive impact on the wholesaler that this article is concerned.
Descending thoracic aortic surgery: update on mortality, morbidity, risk assessment and management.

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature on thoracic aortic surgery, as well as key management guidelines in the perioperative period. This is particularly timely, as endovascular techniques continue to evolve and become more available. Recent findings Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic disease is expanding in applications and case complexity. Summary With the expanded use of endovascular techniques to treat aortic disease, midterm and long-term outcome studies and comparisons to open surgical approach are now being published with increasing frequency. This review analyzes the available literature on preventing adverse outcomes after descending thoracic aortic surgery, with specific attention to mortality, morbidity, risk assessment and management in the perioperative setting.
Relationship Between Cultural Relics Preservation and Tourism Development in Chengde

The multitudinous cultural relic resources in Chengde promoted the development of tourism,so they are an indispensable part in the development of Chengde economy.In spite of this,problems exist in the preservation,exploration and utilization of these relics.There also exists the contradiction between the preservation of cultural relics and the development of city economy.In order to gain a win-win effect in the preservation of cultural relics and the development of tourism in Chengde,it is necessary to solve the problems in the preservation of cultural relics in terms of policy,fund,working staff,and environment.
Thermodynamics of the HBr+NiBr2+H2O system from 5°C to 55°C

Abstract The emf of the following cell (A) without liquid junction was used to investigate the HBr+NiBr2+H2O mixed electrolyte system. Pt , H 2 ( g ,1 atm )| HBr (m A ), NiBr 2 (m B )| AgBr , Ag Measurements of the emf were performed for solutions at constant total ionic strengths of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol kg−1 at temperatures ranging from 5°C to 55°C, except for I=2.0 mol kg−1, where measurements were only made at 25°C. The mean activity coefficients of HBr in the mixtures were calculated using the Nernst equation. The thermodynamic properties of unsymmetrical mixtures are interpreted in terms of the simpler Harned's rule, as well as the comprehensive Pitzer's ion-interaction approach including higher order electrostatic effects for electrolyte mixtures. The Harned interaction coefficients αAB and βAB were determined from the data on the HBr+NiBr2 mixture. Literature osmotic coefficient data at 25°C have been used to determine the pure electrolyte Pitzer parameters (β(0), β(1), and Cφ) for NiBr2. The results were combined with the value of ΘH,Ni=0.069 obtained from the HCl+NiCl2+H2O system to determine ΨH,Ni,Br=0.06 from our emf data at 25°C. The effect of temperature (0–55°C) on the Pitzer parameters (β(0), β(1), and Cφ) for HBr and NiBr2 was determined from the present emf measurements, assuming that the higher order electrical terms (ΘH,Ni and ΨH,Ni,Br) were independent of temperature. They were fitted to a simple polynomial function of temperature (°C): β H , Br (0) =0.2085+8.55×10 −4 (t−25)−1.8×10 −4 (t−25) 2 β H , Br (1) =0.3477+18.0×10 −4 (t−25)+3.9×10 −4 (t−25) 2 C H , Br φ =0.001517−7.10×10 −4 (t−25)+1.05×10 −4 (t−25) 2 and β Ni , Br (0) =0.4451−0.0307(t−25)−3.1×10 −4 (t−25) 2 β Ni , Br (1) =1.49+0.0855(t−25)−6.2×10 −4 (t−25) 2 C Ni , Br φ =−0.00626+0.029(t−25)+8.45×10 −4 (t−25) 2 The values of the Pitzer parameters for NiBr2 were of the same order of magnitude as found for other bivalent bromides.
Abnormal expression of connective tissue growth factor in murine chronic graft versus host diseaselike lupus nephritis and the effects of valsartan on it

Objective To investigate whether connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)modulates murine chronic graft versus host disease(cGVHD)-like lupus nephritis and whether fluvastatin ameliorates LN by in- hibiting CTGF expression.Methods The protein and mRNA expression of CTGF were detected by immuno- histochemistry,immunofluorescence and RT-PCR respectively.Proteinuria was also evaluated.Results The protein and mRNA expression of CTGF were significantly increased in kidney tissue of cGVHD mice,and could be detected in tubular and interstitial cells.Fluvastatin treatment significantly prevented the increase in urinary protein excretion,meanwhile,fluvastatin suppressed the increased renal CTGF expression markedly. Conclusion CTGF may play a role in mediating LN of murine chronic graft versus host disease.Fluvastatin can reduce urinary protein and ameliorate LN of the cGVHD mice,partially by inhibiting CTGF expression in kidney.
A Seven-Year Study of Embryo Transfer Donors1

Abstract Nonsurgical embryo recoveries over a 7-yr period were recorded on 1,116 beef and dairy cows. A total of 8,185 embryos were nonsurgically recovered from 15 different breeds. Various parameters investigated in this study were relationships among breeds, embryo stage at collection, number of embryos recovered, and effects of donor age on embryo production and quality. The average number of embryos collected from donors producing 1 to 20 embryos and donors producing greater than 20 embryos were 7.4 and 25.5, respectively. There were significantly more corpora lutea palpated than embryos recovored on the left side (6.0 vs. 3.3) and on the right side (6.1 vs. 3.8) of the reproductive tract. There were no significant differences in embryo developmen1! stages for different nonsurgical collection days. A higher percentage of Chianina and Charolais donors produced greater than 11 embryos per collection than did donors of other breeds. Also, there were no differences among breeds for the number of embryos collected for different developmental stages. In summary, combining all embryo collections resulted in 58% transferable, 31% unfertilized, and 11% degenerate embryos.
Risk-Based Decision Making for Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure Systems

AbstractThe development of infrastructure systems that are sustainable and resilient is a challenging task that involves a broad range of performance indicators over the system lifecycle that affect system functionality and recovery. Sustainability indicators address economic, social, and environmental performance metrics and resilient indicators address strength, functionality, and recovery-time metrics following a hazard event. Sustainable systems consider environmental impact and conservation of nonrenewable resources over the life of the system. Resilient systems consider performance levels relative to potential damage levels and recovery times from events. Both concepts address adequate system performance and lifecycle costs, but put a different emphasis on other indicators. Numerous sources of uncertainties associated with the lifecycle performance of infrastructure systems require the use of a risk-informed decision-making approach to properly account for uncertainties and to identify cost-effectiv...
Combined Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Collision Tumor Variation

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-induced immunodeficiency has been implicated in the occurrence of several secondary or concurrent malignancies. We hereby present the first case of combined CLL and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor as collision neoplasms within metastatic periportal lymphadenopathy in a 62-year-old patient who presented with obstructive jaundice. An ovoid nodular mass was seen posterior to the head of the pancreas on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and the patient subsequently underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with successful placement of two stents within the identified hilar stricture. Tn-111 pentetreotide scintigraphy with single-photon emission computed tomography (CT)/CT disclosed two foci of somatostatin receptor positive tissue in the upper abdomen correlating to the previously seen porta hepatis and portacaval lymphadenopathy and the patient was treated with octreotide. Simultaneous onset of CLL and secondary malignancies that each has a different disease status is a rare phenomenon but is important to diagnose for establishing an appropriate treatment strategy, which in certain cases may involve the use of agents active in both types of malignancy to minimize toxicity.
Realising critical HRD: stories of reflecting, voicing, and enacting critical practice

Realising critical HRD: Stories of reflecting, voicing, and enhancing critical practice edited by Jamie L. Callahan, Jim Stewart, Clare Rigg, Sally Sambrook, and Kiran Trehan aims to articulate a c...
A* search via approximate factoring

We present a novel method for creating A* estimates for structured search problems originally described in Haghighi, DeNero, & Klein (2007). In our approach, we project a complex model onto multiple simpler models for which exact inference is efficient. We use an optimization framework to estimate parameters for these projections in a way which bounds the true costs. Similar to Klein & Manning (2003), we then combine completion estimates from the simpler models to guide search in the original complex model. We apply our approach to bitext parsing and demonstrate its effectiveness.
Yoga after Traumatic Brain Injury: Changes in Emotional Regulation and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Case-Study

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in emotional regulation and health related quality of life HRQOL following a yoga intervention for three participants with traumatic brain injury TBI Yoga was utilized as a modality to improve HRQOL and emotional regulation Methods A mixed method design was used to analyze changes in emotional regulation and HRQOL Participants completed an eight week yoga intervention and assessments were completed before and after the intervention Outcome measures included the Difficulty in Emotional Regulation Scale DERS and Quality of Life after Brain Injury Scale QOLIBRI both are reliable and valid after TBI The Change in score percent change were calculated for data from both assessments Semi structured interviews were completed data were transcribed and qualitative data were analyzed with a focus on emotional regulation and HRQOL Results On average the three participants had a improvement in DERS scores and improvement in QOLIBRI scores following the yoga intervention Analysis of the qualitative data indicate that participants identified improvements related to emotional regulation in the mind body connection peaceful and calm feelings concentration and focus and self control In relation to HRQOL participants noted social changes physical changes leading to life changes confidence to do things and self development Conclusion Yoga is a potential intervention to address emotional regulation and HRQOL for individuals with chronic TBI Emotional regulation and HRQOL are two important factors affected post TBI that through this study were impacted by yoga as a focused mind body intervention
Perioperative blood transfusion increases risk of surgical site infection after bariatric surgery.

Abstract Background Surgical site infection (SSI) is an important marker of postoperative morbidity and overall quality of care. Transfusion-related immunomodulation can lead to weakened immunity in response to blood transfusion and predispose patients to SSIs. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the impact of perioperative blood transfusions on SSIs in bariatric surgery patients. Setting National data set. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data sets were queried for laparoscopic and open bariatric operations between 2012 and 2014. Univariate analyses identified perioperative variables associated with postoperative SSIs. Multivariate regression analyses determined the effect of perioperative blood transfusions on postoperative SSI. Results The study cohort included 59,424 patients: 480 (8.1%) biliopancreatic diversions, 28,268 (44.2%) gastric bypasses, 30,258 (50.9%) sleeve gastrectomies, and 418 (7.0%) bariatric revisions. Of the patients, 1107 (1.9%) developed a SSI: 662 (1.1%) superficial, 89 (0.1%) deep, and 356 (.6%) organ space. Patients receiving a perioperative blood transfusion were more likely to develop any type of SSI, organ space being most prevalent (Fig. 1). Among organ space SSIs, 198 (55.6%) were gastric bypasses and 125 (35.1%) were sleeve gastrectomies. Conclusions Bariatric surgery patients who receive a perioperative blood transfusion are at higher risk of developing SSIs, particularly organ space. The majority of organ space SSIs occur after gastric bypass, likely secondary to infected intra-abdominal hematomas. Close monitoring of postoperative signs of infection in these patients is important to determine if additional interventions are warranted.
Re: Errata for Prevention of Childhood Lead Toxicity.

In 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Environmental Health clarified the use of terminology related to testing children’s blood lead levels in an erratum to its June 2016 Policy Statement, “Prevention of Childhood Lead Toxicity.”1 Although we applaud this effort to develop consistent terminology, we offer the following cautions for consideration. First, all but 5 states have regulatory language that defines health care providers’ obligations in terms of blood lead testing or screening in children <6 years old. The language in these regulations is not necessarily consistent with that proposed by the … E-mail: aettinger{at}cdc.gov
Preventing Colorectal Cancer

After decades of little apparent progress against colorectal cancer, we now have the means to avert many of the deaths associated with this malignancy. Earlier diagnosis, either through screening for fecal occult blood or by endoscopy, has been clearly shown to be effective in reducing mortality. There are also prospects for preventing colorectal cancer occurrence through life-style change, since epidemiological studies consistently show that a dietary pattern of high intake of fruits, vegetables, and fiber is associated with a substantially decreased risk of these tumors. A further approach to prevention is the use of pharmacologie agents. Several randomized prevention trials to assess possible preventive drugs or nutrient supplements have focused on patients treated for colorectal adenomas These trials are feasible, but they pose important challenges in protocol design, recruitment, and patient compliance. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially aspirin, currently appear to be the most promising agents for testing in future trials.
CLIMATIC EFFECTS OF OZONE CHANGE: A REVIEW

A number of photochemical model studies of the earth's atmosphere have raised the possibility that atmospheric O3 concentrations may be altered significantly by anthropogenic sources of trace chemical species and by solar variability. The possible climatic effects of such O3 perturbations, as they are understood currently, are reviewed. A change in tropospheric O3 can influence the tropospheric climate directly through its effect on tropospheric radiative heating, whereas stratospheric O3 change exerts its influence on the tropospheric climate through radiative and dynamical coupling mechanisms. Changes in both tropospheric and stratospheric O3 are considered and model results are described for their effects on: surface temperature, surface-tropospheric radiative heating, and vertical and latitudinal temperature gradients within the stratosphere. The solar variability effects on stratospheric temperature gradients and on radiative dissipation rates are discussed.
An activist in the field: Social media, ethnography, and community

This article examines the undertheorized intersection of ethnography and social media use by researchers by drawing upon my ethnographic research in Camden, New Jersey, on community activism and my...
Itemization and Track Limitations of Fan-Out-Free Functions for Static CMOS Functional Cells

The inverting subset of fan-out-free boolean functions describe the majority of implementable single-output combinatorial static CMOS gates. Given that each function has many expressions, a method for uniquely identifying these functions is presented and used to determine complements. A large and rich standard cell library incorporates many of these functions, but a reduction in cell-height limits their inclusion due to constraints on internal cell routing. This brief presents a method for listing all such functions and rapid analysis of their viability in different cell heights. Finally, the design constraints in advanced technology nodes limit the utility of a large number of these functions. Those limitations and their impact on the resulting reduction in feasible cells are also described.
Routing Electric Vehicle Fleet for Ride-Sharing

Providing ride-sharing services with an electric vehicle (EV) fleet can significantly enhance urban mobility, reduce transportation sector energy consumption, and improve air quality. This paper develops an EV fleet routing algorithm for ride-sharing services. The EV fleet routing problem is rigorously formulated on a complete directed graph as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. The intrinsic characteristics of the EV routing problem allow us to transform the optimization formulation into an equivalent mixed integer linear programming problem. Numerical testing results show that the proposed method can find globally optimal EV routes to provide ride-sharing services. The simulation results also reveal a trade-off between customer waiting time and total distance traveled by the EV fleet.
Response to Intervention (RtI) and the Impact on School Psychologist Roles: Perceptions and Acceptance of Systems Change

This study examined school psychologists’ perceptions and acceptability of a state-mandated response to intervention (RtI) model. The purpose of this study was to examine the role school psychologists play in the RtI process as well as investigate factors influencing school psychologists’ involvement in RtI. A survey was disseminated through snowball sampling to school psychologists to identify the impact of RtI on school psychologists’ roles as well as district preparedness. A principal component analysis identified four clear survey components. Results from survey participants (n = 80) showed that most school psychologists felt prepared to implement RtI, but did not believe their school would be able to implement RtI with fidelity. Additionally, school psychologists working in schools already using RtI procedures felt more comfortable and confident with RtI than schools not already using RtI. The current study suggests that mandatory state-wide RtI implementation can be beneficial, but more training for teachers and administrators is needed.
A Comparison of Deterministic and Probabilistic Approaches to Measuring Learning Structures.

Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome (SOLO) science superitems were examined from the perspectives of Guttman Scaling (deterministic) and Item Response Theory (probabilistic). Differences bet...
Investigation of Thermal Loading Effects on Shaft Resistance of Energy Pile using Laboratory-Scale Model

AbstractCyclic temperature changes in an energy pile generate cyclic thermal expansive and contractive strains along the interface, which may impact both the serviceability and the ultimate pile re...
Accuracy of Antiretroviral Prescribing in a Community Teaching Hospital: A Medication Use Evaluation.

Background:Medication errors account for nearly 250 000 deaths in the United States annually, with approximately 60% of errors occurring during transitions of care. Previous studies demonstrated th...
Relationship Between Hot Water Treatment (HWT) and Vitality Criteria On Dormant Cuttings of Vitis Vinifera Cultivars and Rootstocks

The experiment was conducted during 2016–2017 on Vitis vinifera cultivars (cv.) ‘Superior Seedless’, ‘Razaki’, ‘Crimson Seedless’, ‘Sultana’, ‘Royal’, and American rootstocks (41B, 1103P, 1616C, Ramsey, 5BB) at Department of Horticulture, Agriculture Faculty, Ege University, Turkey. This study was designed to investigate the effects of HWT on the quality of hard wood cuttings following the treatment. The hard wood cuttings that were hot water treated at 50 °C for 30 min which is the most common protocol against Agrobacterium vitis used worldwide. After HWT, cuttings (ungrafted) were planted in black polythene bags for rooting in greenhouse conditions. In this experiment, the effects of HWT on cuttings and root distribution (0–4 scala), root number, root length (cm), shoot length (cm), sprouting rate (%), rooting rate (%), fresh and dry root weight (g) were investigated. HWT was found to have variable effects on different characteristics of cultivar and rootstock cuttings. 41B saplings were negative affected from HWT for root distribution (0–4 scala), root number, shoot length (cm), sprouting rate (%), fresh and dry root weight (g). The HWT for 41B rootstock cuttings should be done carefully. ‘Superior Seedless’, ‘Razaki’ and ‘Royal’ were affected positively by HWT compared to non-HWT group cuttings for some criterians.
The effective cost of tritium for tokamak fusion power reactors with reduced tritium production systems

If sufficient tritium cannot be produced and processed in tokamak blankets then at least two alternatives are possible. Tritium can be purchased; or reactors with reduced tritium (RT) content in the plasma can be designed. The latter choice may require development of magnet technology etc., but the authors show that the impact on the cost-of-electricity may be mild. Cost tradeoffs are compared to the market value of tritium. Adequate tritium production in fusion blankets is preferred, but the authors show there is some flexibility in the deployment of fusion if this is not possible.
Developing an Injectable Nanofibrous Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel With an Integrin αvβ3 Ligand to Improve Endothelial Cell Survival, Engraftment and Vascularization

Endothelial cell (EC) transplantation via injectable collagen hydrogel has received much attention as a potential treatment for various vascular diseases. However, the therapeutic effect of transplanted ECs is limited by their poor viability, which partially occurs as a result of cellular apoptosis triggered by the insufficient cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) engagement. Integrin binding to the ECM is crucial for cell anchorage to the surrounding matrix, cell spreading and migration, and further activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Although collagen contains several different types of integrin binding sites, it still lacks sufficient specific binding sites for ECs. Previously, using one-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial technology, we identified LXW7, an integrin αvβ3 ligand, which possessed a strong binding affinity to and enhanced functionality of ECs. In this study, to improve the EC-matrix interaction, we developed an approach to molecularly conjugate LXW7 to the collagen backbone, via a collagen binding peptide SILY, in order to increase EC specific integrin binding sites on the collagen hydrogel. Results showed that in the in vitro 2-dimensional (2D) culture model, the LXW7-treated collagen surface significantly improved EC attachment and survival and decreased caspase 3 activity in an ischemic-mimicking environment. In the in vitro 3-dimensional (3D) culture model, LXW7-modified collagen hydrogel significantly improved EC spreading, proliferation, and survival. In a mouse subcutaneous implantation model, LXW7-modified collagen hydrogel improved the engraftment of transplanted ECs and supported ECs to form vascular network structures. Therefore, LXW7-functionalized collagen hydrogel has shown promising potential to improve vascularization in tissue regeneration and may be used as a novel tool for EC delivery and the treatment of vascular diseases.
Facing Death: Necessary Reflection on a Worthwhile Subject

A study on death and science, medicine, consciousness, culture, music, art, law, history, philosophy, and religion.
Carbon Nanotube Exposure Triggers a Cerebral Peptidomic Response: Barrier Compromise, Neuroinflammation, and a Hyperexcited State.

The unique physicochemical properties of carbon nanomaterials and their ever-growing utilization generate a serious concern for occupational risk. Pulmonary exposure to these nanoparticles induces local and systemic inflammation, cardiovascular dysfunction, and even cognitive deficits. Although multiple routes of extrapulmonary toxicity have been proposed, the mechanism for and manner of neurologic effects remain minimally understood. Here, we examine the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)-derived peptidomic fraction as a reflection of neuropathological alterations induced by pulmonary carbon nanomaterial exposure. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 10 or 40 µg of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) by oropharyngeal aspiration. Serum and CSFs were collected 4 h post exposure. An enriched peptide fraction of both biofluids was analyzed using ion mobility-enabled data-independent mass spectrometry for label-free quantification. MWCNT exposure induced a prominent peptidomic response in the blood and CSF; however, correlation between fluids was limited. Instead, we determined that a MWCNT-induced peptidomic shift occurred specific to the CSF with 292 significant responses found that were not in serum. Identified MWCNT-responsive peptides depicted a mechanism involving aberrant fibrinolysis (fibrinopeptide A), blood-brain barrier permeation (homeobox protein A4), neuroinflammation (transmembrane protein 131L) with reactivity by astrocytes and microglia, and a pro-degradative (signal transducing adapter molecule, phosphoglycerate kinase), antiplastic (AF4/FMR2 family member 1, vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18) state with the excitation-inhibition balance shifted to a hyperexcited (microtubule-associated protein 1B) phenotype. Overall, the significant pathologic changes observed were consistent with early neurodegenerative disease and were diagnostically reflected in the CSF peptidome.
The Breadth of Impacts from the Abecedarian Project Early Intervention on Cognitive Skills

Early life interventions impacting cognitive abilities are most often followed by post-treatment fadeout. Some have hypothesized that persistence is unlikely when gains are specific to trained skil...
Longitudinal Outcomes Associated With Non-Evidence-Based Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators Among Medicare Beneficiaries (From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry).

Primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in patients with recent myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization and those with newly diagnosed or severe heart failure (HF) are considered non-evidence-based, as defined by pivotal randomized clinical trials. Although non-evidence-based ICDs have been associated previously with greater risk of in-hospital adverse events, longitudinal outcomes are not known. We used Medicare-linked data from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's ICD Registry to identify patients discharged alive following first-time primary prevention ICD implantations performed between 2010 and 2013. We compared longitudinal outcomes, including all-cause mortality and all-cause hospital readmission among patients receiving non-evidence-based versus evidence-based ICDs, up to 4.75 years after implantation, using multivariable time-to-event analyses. Of 71,666 ICD implantations, 9,609 (13.4%) were classified as non-evidence-based. Compared to patients receiving evidence-based ICDs, non-evidence-based ICD recipients had greater mortality risk at 90 days (HR = 1.44, CI: 1.37 – 1.52, p
Controversial issues in pediatric regional anesthesia.

Summary Regional anesthesia in children has reached in the last decades a widespread approval and today is a valid and effective technique used in the daily activity in many pediatric centres. Data from surveys and studies show the very low rate of complications and suggest that the use of regional techniques in children is at least as safe as general anesthesia alone. Despite these evidences there are aspects still creating discussions on the best approach to avoid or prevent risks and on the way to make this techniques more and more reliable and safe. Compartment syndrome, test dose, loss-of-resistance technique and blocks performed under general anesthesia are examples of, sometimes, never-ending stories; this review without the presumption to solve every problem shows the more recent data to offer, if possible, the best updated-answer on these topics.
Microfabrication and testing of dye-sensitized-solar-cells employing atomic-layer-deposition

We report the the micromanufacture and testing of dye-sensitized-solar-cells employing the atomic-layer-deposition of TiO 2 on a custom made, defect-free, nanoporous alumina membrane. The nanoporous alumina membrane (NAM) templates were fabricated via a modified two step anodization of aluminum using sulfuric acid as an electrolyte.
Embodied Agents and Meaningful Motion

We examine motion realism in terms of salient communicative features. We argue that motion is amenable to a parameterization based on Laban Movement Analysis that yields real-time control over motion qualities, and that these qualities carry discernable and useful non-verbal information about the character’s personality or emotional state.
Decision processes of baseball batters.

The human performance characteristics of pitching and batting within the context of baseball game situations are examined to determine their influence on the batter' decision to swing or not at a pitched ball. Signal detection theory techniques are used on generated data to show how the probability of the batter swinging at a “strike” and leaving a “ball” could be optimized. Applications of this approach to game situations and areas for future research are discussed.
Effects of Medializing Calcaneal Osteotomy on Achilles Tendon Lengthening and Plantar Foot Pressures

Posterior tibial tendon insufficiency, or adult acquired flatfoot deformity, involves collapse of the longitudinal arch of the foot with ensuing changes in the bony architecture of the foot as well. While it is generally accepted that a medializing calcaneal osteotomy (MCO) is a very useful treatment for restoring the fallen arch, questions regarding the effects of this procedure upon plantar foot pressures and Achilles tendon length changes need to be answered. This study focuses on changes in plantar foot pressures and Achilles tendon length as the result of performing a MCO. Fourteen fresh-frozen cadaver legs were used to test the effects of MCO on Achilles tendon length changes 2 cm proximal to the Achilles tendon insertion on the calcaneus. Differential variable reluctance transducers were anchored in ventromedial, dorsomedial, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral positions of the Achilles tendon at the aforementioned level. The effects of the MCO on plantar foot pressures were assessed simultaneously using the Tekscan HR Mat. Axial loading (100 lbs) of each specimen was performed in neutral and dorsiflexion (15 degrees). Data were gathered for Achilles tendon length changes and plantar foot pressures for three trials in both the neutral and dorsiflexed positions. A medializing calcaneal osteotomy (1 cm medial translation) was then performed and testing was repeated in the fashion outlined heretofore. Analysis of the data revealed that there was no significant increase in Achilles tendon length as a result of the MCO. The data also showed that average pressure over the first and second metatarsal regions of the forefoot decreased significantly after MCO. At the same time there was a significant increase in average pressure over the medial and lateral aspect of the heel. These findings suggest that the Achilles tendon aids in inversion of the forefoot without undergoing a significant increase in length change of Achilles tendon fibers in any of the regions tested.
Cystic fibrosis: current trends in respiratory care.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that typically produces malnutrition and chronic respiratory infections. Prolonged bronchial obstruction, infection, and inflammation result in bronchiectstasis and permanent lung damage. Most cystic fibrosis patients die because of this progressive respiratory disease. Thus, in the absence of a cure, effective respiratory therapy is the primary means to extend and improve the quality of life for the cystic fibrosis patient. Aerosol therapy, airway clearance techniques, and noninvasive ventilation can all improve quality of life and possibly extend survival. Close patient monitoring with pulmonary function testing, chest radiography, and induced sputum can result in earlier treatment, potentially reducing permanent lung damage. Earlier diagnosis has prevented serious complications through early initiation of preventive therapies such as improved nutrition.
Polyoxymethylene single crystals. II. The effect of substrate on annealing behavior

The annealing behavior of polyoxymethylene single crystals has been studied at various temperatures on five different substrates. Crystals were found to anneal faster on high energy substrates (mica, aluminum, NaCl) than on low energy substrates (polyethylene terephthalate and glass). These observations suggest the presence of interactions between substrate and folds. Das Verhalten von Polyoxymethyleneinkristallen beim Tempern wurde untersucht, wobei 5 verschiedene Unterlagsmaterialien und verschiedene Temperaturen angewandt wurden. Es zeigte sich das Tempervorgang auf „energiereichen” Substraten (Glimmer, Aluminium, NaCl) schneller erfolgt als auf „energiearmen” Substraten (Polyathylentereplithalat, Glas). Diese Beobachtungen deuten auf Wechselwirkungen zwvischen dem Substrat und den gefalteten Molekulketten hin.
Effectiveness of GABAB antagonists in inhibiting baclofen-induced reductions in cytosolic free Ca concentration in isolated melanotrophs of rat.

Abstract 1. The purpose of the present experiments was to assess the activities of GABAB receptor antagonists in mammalian isolated melanotrophs. 2. Cytosolic free Ca concentration ([Ca2+]i) in rat melanotrophs in primary culture was monitored with the fluorescent probe, fura-2. 3. (-)-Baclofen lowered [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 of 0.96 microM. The reduction in [Ca2+]i produced by (-)-baclofen at a maximally effective concentration (100 microM) was similar to that produced by the classic transmitter inhibitory to melanotroph secretion, dopamine, at a corresponding concentration (100 nM), or by perifusion with a nominally Ca-free solution. 4. The GABAB receptor antagonists, 3-aminopropyl(diethoxymethyl)phosphinic acid (CGP 35348), 2-hydroxy saclofen, phaclofen and 4-amino-3-(5-methoxybenzo[b]furan-2-yl) butanoic acid (9H), had inhibitory effects on the reduction in [Ca2+]i produced by (-)-baclofen (3 microM). Of the antagonists tested, CGP 35348 was the most potent with an IC50 of 60 microM, compared to 120 to 400 microM for the others. CGP 35348 acted competitively. 5. CGP 35348 alone had no effect on basal [Ca2+]i, or on the changes in [Ca2+]i produced by dopamine (10 nM) or the specific GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol (10 microM). 6. The evidence indicates that of the antagonists tested, CGP 35348 offers the greatest promise for pharmacological analysis of the functional significance of the GABAB receptors in melanotrophs.
Non-linear effects in a Rayleigh–Bénard experiment

Observations of temperature drop as a function of heat flow in Rayleigh–Benard convection with curved density profiles show: (1) reversal of slope in the heating curve, (2) oscillations with time, (3) history dependence, and (4) an increase in critical Rayleigh number as the curvature of the density profile is increased. Some of the results are quite similar to the predictions of Busse.
α-Alkyl-α-aminosilanes. 2. A2H NMR study of organolithium stabilization by silicon and by phenyl in solution

Abstract tert-ButylN-phenylmethyl-N-trimethylsilylmethyl carbamate is metalated at two positions: alpha to silicon and alpha to phenyl. The ratio of these metalation products was followed by deuteration and deuterium NMR. Kinetic deprotonation slightly favors the α-silyl anion but equilibrating conditions strongly favors the α-phenyl anion. Metalation and deuteration of1 was studied, under kinetic and thermodynamic conditions, using2H NMR. Download : Download full-size image
Applying quasilinearization to the nonlinear analysis of elastic bars

Abstract The quasilinearization technique, also known as the generalized Newton-Raphson method, is used to solve the nonlinear differential equations with a set of integral form of boundary conditions representing the deflection of an elastic bar with immovable ends. With very approximate starting values, only two to five iterations are needed to obtain a result with very high accuracy. The results are compared with those obtained by the perturbation technique.
Utility of kinetic analysis in the determination of reaction mechanism

Abstract Thermal analysis has a long and prominent role in the characterization of materials, including polymeric materials. Kinetic studies in one form or another have often been employed in an attempt to assess stability, predict lifetime, establish degradation pathway, or project suitable processing conditions. The results of such studies have often formed the basis for the proposal of the ‘mechanism’ of reaction. This despite the fact that the reaction being observed is often unknown or is not a single process but rather several parallel or consecutive events. This latter is particularly true for ‘variable temperature kinetics’. The utility/value of such exercises is marginal at best and contributes nothing to an understanding of the mechanism of any of the reactions involved.
Solution of q-difference equations

On donne une solution explicite a l'equation aux q-differences homogene: [x(Δ a A(Δ)+(Δ b+1 −1)B(Δ)]f(x)=0 ou Ct a A(t) et t b B(t) sont deux polynomes arbitraires a coefficients dans le corps des series de Puiseux K*(q), Δ est l'operateur de q-difference Δf(x)=f(qx)
Ligands for Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis Are Differentially Sorted into Distinct Populations of Early Endosomes

Cells rely on the correct sorting of endocytic ligands and receptors for proper function. Early endosomes have been considered as the initial sorting station where cargos for degradation separate from those for recycling. Using live-cell imaging to monitor individual endosomes and ligand particles in real time, we have discovered a sorting mechanism that takes place prior to early endosome entry. We show that early endosomes are in fact comprised of two distinct populations: a dynamic population that is highly mobile on microtubules and matures rapidly toward late endosomes and a static population that matures much more slowly. Several cargos destined for degradation are preferentially targeted to the dynamic endosomes, whereas the recycling ligand transferrin is nonselectively delivered to all early endosomes and effectively enriched in the larger, static population. This pre-early endosome sorting process begins at clathrin-coated vesicles, depends on microtubule-dependent motility, and appears to involve endocytic adaptors.
Dynamical Study of Couple Stress Effects in Human Compact Bone

Torsional resonance experiments performed on wet human compact bone disclose effects due to couple stress. The characteristic length, which is an additional material coefficient which appears in couple-stress theory, is of the order of the size of osteons and appears to be smaller at high frequencies than at low frequencies. The presence of couple-stress effects implies a reduction in the stress concentration factor around holes, particularly small holes.
Phonons, phasons, and dislocations in quasicrystals.

In this paper we examine the detailed relationship between the density-wave and unit-cell descriptions of quasicrystals. We show that phonons, phasons, and dislocations correspond to translations, distortions, and rearrangements of unit cells. The associated density-wave images closely resemble experimental electron micrographs of the icosahedral phase of aluminum-manganese and related alloys. Partial dislocations are also discussed and a natural classification scheme for partials is proposed.
Irritable bowel syndrome: classification and conceptualization.

The irritable bowel syndrome is one of a group of functional gastrointestinal disorders within the Rome classification system that is characterized by abdominal discomfort or pain associated with a change in stool habit. It is a multidetermined biopsychosocial disorder in which physiological, psychological, behavioral, and environmental factors may contribute to the clinical expression of the disorder. These can include: (1) early life (e.g., genetic or environmental) factors; (2) physiological factors including increased motor reactivity, visceral hypersensitivity, which may be enabled by postinfectious events, and dysregulation of brain-gut communication (e.g., altered central pain control mechanisms). In addition, psychosocial factors including psychiatric co-morbidity, major trauma (e.g., abuse history), and maladaptive coping may amplify the clinical expression of the disorder and its outcome. Currently, clinical outcome has become understood in terms of global symptom relief and health-related quality of life.
Endothelin-3 stimulates luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion from LHRH neurons by a prostaglandin-dependent mechanism.

Endothelin (ET) peptides have recently been recognized as putative regulators of the endocrine system. Particularly in the gonadal system, ET-3 stimulates LH secretion from anterior pituitary cells cultured in vitro. In these studies, we evaluate the actions of ET-3, the most abundant species of the ET family in the central nervous system, on LHRH release from arcuate nucleus-median eminence (AN-ME) fragments and an LHRH-secreting neuronal cell line (GT1 cells) in vitro. ET-3 exhibited a stimulatory effect on LHRH secretion from AN-ME fragments and GT1 cells incubated in a static system as well as in a dynamic perifusion paradigm. In all the systems used, the effects of ET-3 on LHRH secretion showed a dose dependency. The increase in LHRH secretion induced by ET-3 was accompanied by an increased secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), not only in the AN-ME incubations, but also in the GT1 incubation and perifusion systems. Blockade of arachidonic acid and/or PG synthesis significantly reduced the ET-3-induc...
Functional Interaction between the Fanconi Anemia D2 Protein and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) via a Conserved Putative PCNA Interaction Motif

Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare recessive disease characterized by congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and cancer susceptibility. The FA proteins and the familial breast cancer susceptibility gene products, BRCA1 and FANCD1/BRCA2, function cooperatively in the FA-BRCA pathway to repair damaged DNA and to prevent cellular transformation. Activation of this pathway occurs via the mono-ubiquitination of the FANCD2 protein, targeting it to nuclear foci where it co-localizes with FANCD1/BRCA2, RAD51, and PCNA. The regulation of the mono-ubiquitination of FANCD2, as well as its function in DNA repair remain poorly understood. In this study, we have further characterized the interaction between the FANCD2 and PCNA proteins. We have identified a highly conserved, putative FANCD2 PCNA interaction motif (PIP-box), and demonstrate that mutation of this motif disrupts FANCD2-PCNA binding and precludes the mono-ubiquitination of FANCD2. Consequently, the FANCD2 PIP-box mutant protein fails to correct the mitomycin C hypersensitivity of FA-D2 patient cells. Our results suggest that PCNA may function as a molecular platform to facilitate the mono-ubiquitination of FANCD2 and activation of the FA-BRCA pathway.
The addition of doxazosin to the treatment regimen of patients with hypertension not adequately controlled by by β-blockers

Abstract When doxazosin was given to patients with hypertension not adequately controlled by β-blockade, blood pressure was normalized in 94% of the 34 patients (blood pressure ≤ 140 85 mm Hg ). This reduction in blood pressure was obtained with doxazosin in combination with metoprolol or oxprenolol at a mean final daily dose of 1.3 mg or pindolol or atenolol at 2.0 mg/day. Exercise-induced increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was also lower with combined β-blocker and doxazosin therapy than with β-blocker alone. After 12 weeks of treatment, the combination of doxazosin and β-blocker significantly reduced total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. All side effects were mild and only one patient was withdrawn from therapy.