cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Angiographic and ultrasonic findings in infected simple cysts of the kidney

This paper describes angiographic and ultrasonic findings in three patients with proven infected renal cyst. The clinical picture was that of inflammatory renal disease. B-mode ultrasonography showed the characteristic features of renal cyst; however, this technique cannot differentiate between infected and simple cysts. Selective renal angiography demonstrated the following, enabling differentiation from simple renal cyst; hypervascular rim, irregular inflammatory vessels, indistinct interface between cyst and adjacent parenchyma, and prominent capsular branches. Since percutaneous puncture of an infected renal cyst or abscess carries risk of infectious complications, angiography appears justified only for those patients with fever and flank pain who have cystic lesions in the kidney confirmed by echography.
Adaptive control of i.i.d. processes and Markov chains on a compact control set

The author considers the multiarmed bandit problem and the adaptive control of Markov chains with continuous arms that are chosen from a compact subset of IR/sup d/. A learning scheme based on a kernel estimator is devised. Using this learning scheme, the author constructs a class of certainty equivalence control with forcing schemes and derives asymptotic upper bounds on their learning loss. >
Synthesis of amphiphilic polysuccinimide star copolymers for responsive delivery in plants

While polymeric nanocarriers are widely used in medicine for controlled release and site-specific delivery, few reports have applied such delivery methods within agriculture, despite the urgent need for specific delivery of pesticides and nutrients. We report the synthesis of stimuli-responsive and biodegradable polymeric nanocarriers designed for delivery to the phloem of plants and describe methods employed to evaluate their toxicity in plant cells.
Neuregulin-1 at Synapses on Phrenic Motoneurons

The neuregulin (NRG) family of trophic factors is present in the central and peripheral nervous systems and participates in the survival, proliferation and differentiation of many different cell types including motoneurons. NRG1 was first characterized by its role in the formation of the neuromuscular junction, and recently it was shown to play a crucial role in modulating glutamatergic and cholinergic transmission in the central nervous system of adult rats. However, little is known about NRG1's role in adult motor systems. Motoneurons receive dense glutamatergic and cholinergic input. We hypothesized that NRG1 is present at synapses on phrenic motoneurons. Confocal microscopy and 3D reconstruction techniques were used to determine the distribution of NRG1 and its co-localization with these different neurotransmitter systems. We found that NRG1 puncta are present around retrogradely-labeled motoneurons, and are distributed predominantly at motoneuron somata and primary dendrites. NRG1 is exclusively present at synaptic sites (identified using the presynaptic marker synaptophysin), comprising ~30% of all synapses at phrenic motoneurons. Overall, NRG1-immunoreactivity is found predominantly at cholinergic synapses (75 ± 14% co-localize with the vesicular acetylcholine transporter VAChT). Nearly all (99 ± 1%) VAChT-immunoreactive synapses expressed NRG1. NRG1 also is present at a subset of glutamatergic synapses expressing the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) type 2 (~6%) and not those expressing VGLUT type 1. Overall, 26 ± 6% of NRG1 synapses are VGLUT2 immunoreactive. These findings provide the first evidence suggesting that NRG1 may modulate synaptic activity in adult motor systems.
Fear extinction memory performance in a sample of stable, euthymic patients with bipolar disorder

Abstract Objectives Affective dysregulation is a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD). Abnormalities in neural circuits underlying affect regulation have been observed in BD, specifically in the structure and function of the amygdala and orbital frontal cortex (OFC). Fear extinction is an automatic affect regulatory process relying on neural circuits that are abnormal in BD. Thus, fear extinction might be useful in probing automatic affect regulation deficits in BD. We tested the hypothesis that BD is associated with reduced ability to extinguish fear responses. Methods We examined fear conditioning, extinction, and extinction memory recall in a sample of stable, euthymic participants with BD ( n =19) vs. healthy comparison participants ( n =32). A limited number of subjects (BD: n =12; healthy comparison: n =11) underwent structural MRI scanning to examine cortical size associations with extinction recall. Results Both healthy comparison and BD participants were successful in acquiring a fear response, but BD participants responded with greater startle to both threat and safety cues. Both groups showed significant extinction. The BD group showed superior extinction recall. Extinction recall was associated with right rostral middle frontal cortex thickness across groups, whereas right OFC surface area was associated with recall only in healthy comparisons. Limitations Limitations include use of a stable, highly screened sample and a relatively small number of participants available for MRI analysis. Conclusions Increased fear reactivity may be related to a “trait” disruption in BD patients similar to that previously described in anxiety disorders. This task may be useful for probing automatic affect regulatory processes in BD, and understanding treatment response.
Alginate micro-encapsulation of mesenchymal stromal cells enhances modulation of the neuro-inflammatory response

Abstract Background aims Modulation of inflammation after brain trauma is a key therapeutic goal aimed at limiting the consequences of the subsequent injury cascade. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to dynamically regulate the inflammatory environment in several tissue systems, including the central nervous system. There has been limited success, however, with the use of direct implantation of cells in the brain caused by low viability and engraftment at the injury site. To circumvent this, we encapsulated MSCs in alginate microspheres and evaluated the ability of these encapsulated MSCs to attenuate inflammation in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC). Methods OHSC were administered lipopolysaccharide to induce inflammation and immediately co-cultured with encapsulated or monolayer human MSCs. After 24 h, culture media was assayed for the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) produced by OHSC, as well as MSC-produced trophic mediators. Results Encapsulated MSCs reduced TNF-α more effectively than did monolayer MSCs. Additionally, there was a strong correlation between increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and reduction of TNF-α. In contrast to monolayer MSCs, inflammatory signals were not required to stimulate PGE2 production by encapsulated MSCs. Further encapsulation-stimulated changes were revealed in a multiplex panel analyzing 27 MSC-produced cytokines and growth factors, from which additional mediators with strong correlations to TNF-α levels were identified. Conclusions These results suggest that alginate encapsulation of MSCs may not only provide an improved delivery vehicle for transplantation but may also enhance MSC therapeutic benefit for treating neuro-inflammation.
How the structural gene products of Yersinia pestis relate to virulence

Bubonic plague is the most devastating acute infectious disease known to man. The causative agent, Yersinia pestis, is now more firmly entrenched in sylvatic reservoirs throughout the world than at any time in the past. Consequently, the organism increasingly causes casual human disease and is readily available for use as a bioweapon. Recent attempts to understand the severe nature of plague have focused upon its very recent divergence from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, an etiological instrument of chronic enteropathogenic infection. This review emphasizes that the invasive nature of plague and its dissemination by fleabite is mediated by plasmids not shared by enteropathogenic yersiniae. The basis for high lethality is considered within the context of chromosomal degeneration causing loss of normal metabolic functions and modification of virulence factors, permitting a terminal anti-inflammatory phase associated with pronounced septicemia.
Module-based multiscale simulation of angiogenesis in skeletal muscle

Mathematical modeling of angiogenesis has been gaining momentum as a means to shed new light on the biological complexity underlying blood vessel growth. A variety of computational models have been developed, each focusing on different aspects of the angiogenesis process and occurring at different biological scales, ranging from the molecular to the tissue levels. Integration of models at different scales is a challenging and currently unsolved problem. We present an object-oriented module-based computational integration strategy to build a multiscale model of angiogenesis that links currently available models. As an example case, we use this approach to integrate modules representing microvascular blood flow, oxygen transport, vascular endothelial growth factor transport and endothelial cell behavior (sensing, migration and proliferation). Modeling methodologies in these modules include algebraic equations, partial differential equations and agent-based models with complex logical rules. We apply this integrated model to simulate exercise-induced angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. The simulation results compare capillary growth patterns between different exercise conditions for a single bout of exercise. Results demonstrate how the computational infrastructure can effectively integrate multiple modules by coordinating their connectivity and data exchange. Model parameterization offers simulation flexibility and a platform for performing sensitivity analysis. This systems biology strategy can be applied to larger scale integration of computational models of angiogenesis in skeletal muscle, or other complex processes in other tissues under physiological and pathological conditions.
Geographical range and taxonomic divergence in North Atlantic Calanus (C. helgolandicus, C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis)

The known distribution of Calanus helgolandicus in the North Atlantic Drift is difficult to explain in the absence of a reproductively active population inhabiting continental waters off eastern North America. New evidece indicates that this population, overlooked in the past, does in fact exist. The species has been found in a study of zooplankton samples from a number of MARMAP (Marine Resource Monitoring, Assessment, and Prediction Program) cruises surveying ichthyoplankton between Cape Hatteras and the New York Bight. Sexual activity in these stocks of C. helgolandicus was indicated by the ripeness of ovaries, the frequency of males, the presence of sperm in the females' seminal receptacles and the appearance of a female bearing a Calanus spermatophore. The new records provide a likely origin for the presence of the species in the vicinity of the Labrador Grand Banks as well as further east in the North Atlantic Drift. C. finmarchicus, similarly sexually active, was found to be sympatric with C. helgolandicus in the MARMAP collections which were taken from a region contiguous with the southernmost, known distribution, of C. glacialis. The distribution of integumental organs (i.e., pore signature patterns) was examined in the three species to determine whether they would be taxonomically useful. Strikingly different patterns were found on the female urosome. Pore signature differences between the polar species C. glacialis and the temperate C. helgolandicus proved to be as pronounced as those between the boreal C. finmarchicus and its two neighboring species. The successively overlapping ranges and the distinctive differences in pore signature patterns suggest that divergence from the generic pattern of integumental organ distribution has been a product of selection against hybridizing among the three species. If this is in fact the case, the reproductive range of C. helgolandicus has overlapped with those of C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis for appreciable periods in the history of the three species.
Creating a social work link to the burn community: a research team goes to burn camp.

Abstract Social work faculty and graduate students conducted focus groups with 52 burn-injured adolescents from three burn camps to explore perceptions of their camp experience. Three themes emerged from data analysis that suggest burn camps play an important role in participants' lives. Camp is a place where burn-injured adolescents: (1) feel “normal” and accepted; (2) acquire insight in regard to self and meaning in life; and (3) gain confidence, increase self-esteem, and develop empathy. This project highlights how the use of qualitative research methods with grassroots organizations such as burn camps can serve as a link to greater social work involvement with this community.
Chest infection in childhood

Pneumonia is still a frequent cause of childhood illness, occurring most commonly in infancy, and then declining in incidence during the next decade of life. The great majority of cases are ‘non-specific’, as a definite cause cannot be found and the radiographic features are of short duration. These are probably due to a number of causes, particularly aspiration of upper respiratory tract secretions in upper respiratory tract infections, and direct viral infections of the lung. Chronic unresolved infection and bronchiectasis are now distinctly rare, and chronic infection must raise the possibility of inhaled foreign body or cystic fibrosis. Tuberculosis has emerged in a relatively significant number of cases in contrast to the apparent infrequency of staphylococcal pneumonia. Mortality of pneumonia is very small and is almost always associated with cystic fibrosis or some other potentially lethal disease, of which pneumonia is an incidental complication.
Redefining Normal Facial Nerve Enhancement: Healthy Subject Comparison of Typical Enhancement Patterns—Unenhanced and Contrast-Enhanced Spin-Echo Versus 3D Inversion Recovery–Prepared Fast Spoiled Gradient-Echo Imaging

OBJECTIVE. Normal facial nerve enhancement patterns derived from spin-echo (SE) sequences have not been systematically compared on contrast-enhanced 3D inversion recovery–prepared fast spoiled gradient-echo (IR-FSPGR) sequences, now in widespread use. We hypothesize that features unique to IR-FSPGR may engender differences in the appearance of the normal facial nerve, which may confound analysis of pathologic enhancement. We compared unenhanced and contrast-enhanced SE and IR-FSPGR sequences in a cohort of patients without facial nerve pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-three patients without facial nerve pathology were examined. Unenhanced and contrast-enhanced signal intensity (SI) of seven facial nerve segments was assessed on SE and IR-FSPGR by two neuroradiologists. SI was assigned a value of 0–3 (0, absent; 1, faint; 2, equivalent to brain; 3, equivalent to enhancing dural sinus). Statistically significant differences were assessed for each segment. RESULTS. Significantly higher unenhanced and...
Mixtures of probabilistic principal component analyzers

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular techniques for processing, compressing, and visualizing data, although its effectiveness is limited by its global linearity. While nonlinear variants of PCA have been proposed, an alternative paradigm is to capture data complexity by a combination of local linear PCA projections. However, conventional PCA does not correspond to a probability density, and so there is no unique way to combine PCA models. Therefore, previous attempts to formulate mixture models for PCA have been ad hoc to some extent. In this article, PCA is formulated within a maximum likelihood framework, based on a specific form of gaussian latent variable model. This leads to a well-defined mixture model for probabilistic principal component analyzers, whose parameters can be determined using an expectationmaximization algorithm. We discuss the advantages of this model in the context of clustering, density modeling, and local dimensionality reduction, and we demonstrate its application to image compression and handwritten digit recognition.
Lawyers' Lines of Work: Specialization's Role in the Income Determination Process

Income inequality has been increasing in the United States, and intraoccupational processes are partly responsible (Kim and Sakamoto 2008; Mouw and Kalleberg 2010). To date, scholars have focused on suboccupational divisions, such as specialty areas, to understand why some members of an occupation earn more than others. In this article we theorize, operationalize, and assess the economic effect of another way in which members of the same profession can be distinguished: by the extent to which they specialize. Using two large secondary datasets on lawyers in the United States, we find that lawyers who specialize earn more. This effect arises partly through two mechanisms—individual productivity and firm size—and depends upon specialty area prestige: lawyers in low-prestige areas actually benefit more from specializing.
Defense Information System Network (DISN) - An overview

This overview of DISN is a summary of what DISN is today, tomorrow and a projection of the future. It begins with a large number of non-integrated legacy networks that are substantial in size and the initial integration of these systems to improve performance and reduce cost. Emerging requirements for image, voice and data are projected to push DISN into the gigabit arena to support the information requirements of DoD that are associated with "new ways of doing business". Enabling technologies are progressing on many fronts and are producing performance at a cost that was only "dreamed about" a decade previously. How DISN might use these technologies in its evolution is discussed. DISN's overall goal for post 2000 is summarized. The potential is high for significant overall cost savings and performance improvement as a result of a DISN that allows consolidation and centralization of a number of functions and also enables distributed interactive processes such as modelling and simulation, joint planning, exercises, computing, conferencing, et. al., all of which are discussed in other papers. >
Gender and the Culture of Heterosexual Marriage in the United States

This theoretical narrative extends Andrew Cherlin's argument about the role of clashing values in high rates of marital disruption in the United States. Cherlin explains challenges to American marriages as deriving from tension between cultural ideals of marriage and individualism. Drawing on social construction and gender theory, we contend that gender differentiation affects both the institution of marriage and married people's personal dissatisfactions. We further suggest that racial/ethnic and class positions are likely to influence how people enact marriage and that accountability to gendered norms intersects with these positions. Unlike dominant cultural messages that signal that wives should accept the negative influence of gender differentiation, we argue that prevention of marital disruption requires critique of socially constructed “his and hers” marriages.
The importance of petiole structure on inhabitability by ants in Piper sect. Macrostachys (Piperaceae)

Received J u ly 2005; accepted for publication A ugust 2006 Several Central American species of Piper sect. Macrostac hys ha ve obligate associations with ants , in whic h the antpartner derives food and shelter from modiÞed plant structures and, in turn, protects the plant against fungalinfection and herbivory . In addition to these obligate ant-plants (i.e. myrmecophytes), several other species in Piper ha ve resident ants only sometimes (facultative), and still other plant species never ha ve resident ants . Sheathingpetioles of sect. Macrostac hys form the domatia in whic h ants nest. Myrmecophytes in sect. Macrostac hys ha vetightly closed petiole sheaths with bases that clasp the stem. These sheathing petioles appear to be the single mostimportant plant character in the association between ants and species of sect. Macrostac hys . W e examined thestructure and variation of petioles in these species , and our results indicate that minor modiÞcations in a smallnumber of petiolar characters make the difference between petioles that are suitable for habitation by ants andthose that are not. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical J ournal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 153 ,181Ð191.
Negative symptoms in youths with psychosis spectrum features: complementary scales in relation to neurocognitive performance and function.

Background Negative symptoms in schizophrenia are related to impaired functioning. The presence of negative symptoms in early phases of psychosis in individuals at clinical risk is receiving increased attention.
Macroscopic Quantum Carrier Transport Modeling

It has been established [1]-[4] that the density gradient (DG) model is the lowest order, in terms of ħ, approximation of the Wigner function approach to including quantum mechanical (QM) effects in carrier transport. In this paper, we report a five-equation PDE system (reduced to three-equation at thermal equilibrium) which preserves the numerical stability of classical drift-diffusion (DD) model, yet faithfully manifests QM corrections. Tunneling through the gate oxide (or barrier region) is modeled by ballistic transport with each type of carrier (electrons or holes) further split into forward and backward moving species and solved for separately. The entire device, including semiconductor and barrier regions, is solved self-consistently. Terminal characteristics, either dc or small signal ac for realistic, multi-dimensional device structures can be simulated using this model. An SOI device example is simulated and the comparison with microscopic (Schrodinger/Poisson) results is excellent. A DG prediction of a dipole in the poly gate near the poly/gate-oxide interface is also confirmed by microscopic simulation. Both I-V and C-V for MOS devices including SOI are shown.
Synthesis of Emindole SB

Paxilline indole diterpenes have been a subject of scientific inquiry for over 30 years due to their diverse biological activities and unique structural features. These efforts resulted in a multitude of synthetic approaches and a dozen completed synthesis. Here, we discuss our contributions to this area that culminated in an 11-step synthesis of (±)-emindole SB.
Basolateral regulation of pHiin isolated snake renal proximal tubules in presence and absence of bicarbonate

Intracellular pH (pHi) and its basolateral regulation were studied in isolated proximal-proximal and distal-proximal segments of garter snake (Thamnophis spp.) renal tubules with oil-filled lumens ...
Reliability and Validity of the Adolescent Health Profile-Types

Objectives.The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the preliminary reliability and validity of a set 13 profiles of adolescent health that describe distinct patterns of health and health service requirements on four domains of health.Methods.Reliability and validity were tested in four ethn
Aircraft flight dynamics with simulated ice accretion

The effect of ice accretion on aircraft performance and control during trim conditions was modeled and analyzed. A six degree-of-freedom computational flight dynamics model was used to study the effect of ice accretion on the aircraft dynamics. The effects of turbulence and sensor noise were modeled and filters were developed to remove unwanted noisy data without affecting the short period and phugoid modes. This study is part of a larger research program to develop smart icing system technology. The goal of the study reported here was to develop techniques to sense the effect and location of ice accretion on aircraft performance and control during trimmed flight. Control surface steady and unsteady hinge-moments were modeled as a potential aerodynamic performance sensor. Microburst and gravity wave atmospheric disturbances were modeled and their effects on the aircraft performance and control were compared to that of an icing encounter. The simulations showed that atmospheric disturbances could be differentiated from icing encounters. The hinge-moment sensors proved very useful in identifying the wing versus tail location of aircraft icing. LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS C(A) arbitrary performance or stability and control derivative Q airfoil drag coefficient Ch hinge-moment coefficient CH, RMS unsteady hinge-moment coefficient Ci lift coefficient Cm pitching moment coefficient Fx, Fy, Fz forces on the aircraft FDC Flight Dynamics Code g(n) freezing fraction effect on drag h altitude IMS Ice Management System IPS Icing Protection System kCA coefficient icing factor constant kc coefficient icing factor LWC Liquid Water Content MVD Median Volumetric Diameter m aircraft mass n freezing fraction p, q, r aircraft angular velocities qg effective pitch rate due to gust velocity r radial coordinate R microburst radius SIS Smart Icing System T temperature t time TIP Tailplane Icing Program u, v, w atmospheric velocities V aircraft, freestream velocity x, y, z rectangular coordinates Zi,2,3 drag equation constants z* characteristic height out of the boundary layer A change a angle of attack 5e elevator deflection A microburst constant 77 aircraft icing parameter r/ice icing severity parameter * Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, currently Aerospace/Simulation Engineer, NLX Corporation, Sterling, VA, Member AIAA. f Professor and Head, Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, Associate Fellow AIAA. Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, currently Aeronautical Engineer, Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Patuxent River, MD, Member AIAA. * Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, Member AIAA. Copyright 2001 © by Michael B. Bragg. Published by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. with permission. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics c)2001 American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics or Published with Permission of Author(s) and/or Author(s)' Sponsoring Organization.
Bcl-2 inhibits c-fos induction by calcium

Transient elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ induces the expression of a variety of genes involved in cell growth and transformation, including the early response gene c-fos. Previously, we reported that Bcl-2 inhibits the transient elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ induced by thapsigargin (TG), a selective inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated Ca2+-ATPase. Therefore, to determine if the effect of Bcl-2 on cytosolic Ca2+ elevation modulates Ca2+ signaling, we investigated the induction of c-fos by TG in WEHI7.2 mouse lymphoma cells, control transfectants (WEHI7.2-neo), and transfectants that stably express a high level of Bcl-2 (W.Hb12 and W.Hb15). TG induced 20-fold elevation of c-fos mRNA in WEHI7.2 and WEHI7.2-neo cells, but c-fos mRNA induction by TG was only fivefold in W.Hb12 and W.Hb15 cells. In contrast, phorbol 12-myristate acetate induced marked c-fos mRNA elevation in both WEHI7.2 and W.Hb12 cells, indicating that the inhibitory effect of Bcl-2 is selective for induction of c-fos by Ca2+. To measure c-fos promoter activity, WEHI7.2 and W.Hb12 cells were transiently transfected with a c-fos promoter-luciferase reporter plasmid. TG induced c-fos promoter activity in WEHI7.2 cells, but not in W.Hb12 cells. In WEHI7.2 cells, the signal for c-fos induction by TG was cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, as the increase in both c-fos mRNA level and promoter activity were prevented by lowering extracellular Ca2+ concentration, a condition that inhibits cytosolic Ca2+ elevation by reducing the TG-mobilizable Ca2+ pool. In summary, the findings indicate that Bcl-2 regulates Ca2+ signaling.
Evaluation of a modified foam stability (FS-50) test. An assay performed on amniotic fluid to predict fetal pulmonary maturity.

The authors evaluated a modification proposed by Edwards and Baillie of the original amniotic fluid shake test described by Clements and associates. This foam stability (FS) test involves the use of 100% (v/v) rather than 95% (v/v) ethanol to produce an ethanol volume fraction of 50%, and it is accordingly referred to as the FS-50 test. The tube is shaken and examined for the presence of stable foam. A detailed study in which the results of the FS-50 test were evaluated with respect to neonatal clinical outcome in 104 obstetric cases (60% of the cases were complicated) is presented. In the 80 cases in which the FS-50 test was positive (presence of stable foam), there was no neonate with hyaline membrane disease. In the 24 cases in which FS-50 results were negative (absence of stable foam), 58% of the infants had respiratory problems in the neonatal period, i.e ., eight had hyaline membrane disease and six, transient tachypnea of the newborn. In 77 cases, lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and the FS-50 test were compared with respect to their relative abilities accurately to predict the fetal pulmonary status. In situations in which the FS-50 test and the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio results differed, the FS-50 test was found to be more reliable than the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. In most of these cases, pregnancies were complicated by diabetes mellitus, intrauterine growth retardation, or chronic hypertension. It is concluded that the FS-50 test is a simple, inexpensive and reliable predictive test of functional surfactant activity, which can rapidly provide critical information to the clinician.
Comprehensive solutions for mobile communication safety network based on CDMA2000 Ev-Do /GoTa technology

This paper first introduces CDMA2000 Ev-Do /GoTa trunking communication system,network architecture,tech-nical features,etc.A simple analysis of the characteristics of several main digital trunking system technology is introduced subsequently.Then combined with the Africa country safety network project,network planning,system design for the CD-MA2000 Ev-Do /GoTa safety is deployed in detail.In the end,the service applications and design for the video surveillance and coalition emergency response system are discussed.
Simplest Monodentate Imidazole Stabilization of the oxy‐Tyrosinase Cu2O2 Core: Phenolate Hydroxylation through a CuIII Intermediate

Tyrosinases are ubiquitous binuclear copper enzymes that oxygenate to CuII2O2 cores bonded by three histidine Nτ-imidazoles per Cu center. Synthetic monodentate imidazole-bonded CuII2O2 species self-assemble in a near quantitative manner at −125 °C, but Nπ-ligation has been required. Herein, we disclose the syntheses and reactivity of three Nτ-imidazole bonded CuII2O2 species at solution temperatures of −145 °C, which was achieved using a eutectic mixture of THF and 2-MeTHF. The addition of anionic phenolates affords a CuIII2O2 species, where the bonded phenolates hydroxylate to catecholates in high yields. Similar CuIII2O2 intermediates are not observed using Nπ-bonded CuII2O2 species, hinting that Nτ-imidazole ligation, conserved in all characterized Ty, has functional advantage beyond active-site flexibility. Substrate accessibility to the oxygenated Cu2O2 core and stabilization of a high oxidation state of the copper centers are suggested from these minimalistic models.
Lacan and the Alienation of Language

‘When you don’t understand what you are being told, don’t immediately assume that you are to blame; say to yourselves — the fact that I don’t understand must itself have a meaning’ (Sem. I, 253). Coming from a teacher who chose to mask his teaching in obscurity and who sardonically assured bewildered readers of his Ecrits that he preferred access to his ideas to be ‘difficult’, this observation of Lacan’s to his seminar students carries considerable personal weight. It reminds even practised ears that the art of listening involves understanding not only what is being said, but also the meaning of the barriers erected to prevent ready understanding of what is being said. Like the poetical and rhetorical resources of language which Lacan used so extensively, Lacan’s obscurity and stylistic difficulty are themselves significant statement. They are neither fortuitous nor disconnected from the essence of his ideas because, for Lacan, language is thought, and speech, the man.
Group Empathy in Response to Nonverbal Racial/Ethnic Cues : A National Experiment on Immigration Policy Attitudes

In this study, we argue that nonverbal racial/ethnic cues can activate one’s empathy toward disadvantaged out-groups, particularly when such cues resonate with one’s own in-group cultural experiences with discrimination. To explain this phenomenon, we propose Group Empathy Theory and test our expectations via a national survey experiment on undocumented immigration. We find trait-level group empathy is strongly linked with empathic reactions to vignettes depicting immigrant detainees in distress, which in turn affect immigration policy attitudes. We also find African Americans and Latinos are considerably more likely than Anglos to exhibit empathy for disadvantaged groups other than their own and oppose deportation policies aimed at undocumented immigrants.
Assessment of evolutionary processes

Evolutionary process has become a popular design method for experimenting and automatically synthesizing intelligent controllers for autonomous robots. Such controllers are automatically created using different evolutionary methods without direct programming or in-depth human knowledge of the design. Multi-agent systems and collective behaviors based on swarm intelligence observed in nature are generally ideal candidates for automatic controller design using evolutionary processes. Although the evolutionary process can provide great insight into possible solutions and is a reasonable tool for such experiments, it may not be the most efficient and ideal design tool for every experiment. In this paper, we setup experiments on self-organization of a multi-agent system and evolve three different controllers. We then compare the design effort and results of the three evolved controllers with a traditionally designed controller that performs the same task. We show that the traditionally designed controller outperforms the best case evolutionary-based controller by 10% when measured in overall median fitness level. We also show that the traditionally designed controller is the most reliable as it never violates the design rules. Many studies have been performed in comparison of different evolutionary techniques, but to the best of our knowledge none of them focus on the study of design effort and suitability of such approaches. The evolutionary process is a reasonable design tool only for problems that are too difficult or complicated to be addressed using traditional design methods.
Purine nucleotide imbalance in immunodeficiency disorders.

In 1972, Dr Hilaire Meuwissen of Albany, New York, sent some blood samples to Eloise Giblett of the Puget Sound Blood Center, Seattle, Washington, for analysis of genetic markers. One of the blood samples was from a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency disease and the other samples were from the patient’s parents Dr. Meuwissen was prepared to perform a bone marrow transplant in the patient and in preparation for the eventual necessity of documenting cell chimerism, was attempting to obtain as many genetic markers as possible to prove establishment of a bone marrow graft. Much to Dr. Giblett’s surprise, one of the enzymes, adenosine deaminase (ADA) (EC 3.5.4.4) was absent while the parents had approximately one-half normal activity. Several weeks later, Dr. Flossie Cohen of Detroit sent a blood specimen to Dr. Giblett from an additional patient with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. This patient also lacked ADA activity, while the parents had levels lower than normal. In 1973, a symposium on ADA deficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency disease was held in Albany, New York. After a careful review of laboratory and biochemical data, it was determined that 12 of 22 patients with SCID who had been tested for ADA activity in North American and Western Europe were ADA-deficient. Also in 1973, Jenkins reported finding a !Kung aborigine boy with absent red cell ADA activity but with normal function. Subsequently it was determined that the patient’s lymphocytes and fibroblasts had 10–30% of normal ADA activity. Recent reviews summarize these and additional cases [24].
Effect of fish gelatin and gum arabic interactions on concentrated emulsion large amplitude oscillatory shear behavior and tribological properties

Abstract Concentrated emulsions stabilized by proteins, polysaccharides, or a combination are the basis for many food products such as mayonnaise and heavy cream. However, fundamental influences of protein–polysaccharide interactions on concentrated emulsion tribological properties and large deformation behavior are often poorly understood, leading to difficulties in targeted development of concentrated food emulsions with palatable textures and good stability. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the effects of fish gelatin (FG)–gum arabic (GA) complexation on the large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) and tribological behaviors of concentrated emulsions. Concentrated emulsions (oil phase volume fraction = 0.7) were prepared using FG–GA mixtures at different aqueous phase pH (3.6, 5.0, and 9.0) and characterized by rheometry and tribometry. Samples prepared with FG–GA mixtures at higher pH showed lower critical strains, increased extent of nonlinear behavior under LAOS (higher G′3/G′1 and G″3/G″1 values), increased strain hardening and shear thinning under LAOS (G′L/G′M and η′L/η′M values further from unity, respectively), and higher friction coefficients. These results were attributed to reduced FG–GA electrostatic complexation as pH increased from 3.6 to 9.0. Complexes formed at lower pH induced higher droplet monodispersity, greater network extension, and smaller oil droplets, resulting in greater structural stability to deformation. These stability differences would likely contribute to differences in food textures and stability under food processing and storage conditions.
Comparative gene co-expression network analysis of epithelial to mesenchymal transition reveals lung cancer progression stages.

The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in lung cancer progression and drug resistance. The dynamics and stability of gene expression patterns as cancer cells transition from E to M at a systems level and relevance to patient outcomes are unknown. Using comparative network and clustering analysis, we systematically analyzed time-series gene expression data from lung cancer cell lines H358 and A549 that were induced to undergo EMT. We also predicted the putative regulatory networks controlling EMT expression dynamics, especially for the EMT-dynamic genes and related these patterns to patient outcomes using data from TCGA. Example EMT hub regulatory genes were validated using RNAi. We identified several novel genes distinct from the static states of E or M that exhibited temporal expression patterns or ‘periods’ during the EMT process that were shared in different lung cancer cell lines. For example, cell cycle and metabolic genes were found to be similarly down-regulated where immune-associated genes were up-regulated after middle EMT stages. The presence of EMT-dynamic gene expression patterns supports the presence of differential activation and repression timings at the transcriptional level for various pathways and functions during EMT that are not detected in pure E or M cells. Importantly, the cell line identified EMT-dynamic genes were found to be present in lung cancer patient tissues and associated with patient outcomes. Our study suggests that in vitro identified EMT-dynamic genes capture elements of gene EMT expression dynamics at the patient level. Measurement of EMT dynamic genes, as opposed to E or M only, is potentially useful in future efforts aimed at classifying patient’s responses to treatments based on the EMT dynamics in the tissue.
Nutrition and coronary heart disease epidemiology.

Epidemiologic studies of the etiology of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), and clinical and population based approaches to its prevention and control, have evolved with recognition of the importance of many risk factors. However, despite acceptance of the concept of multifactorial causality, and continuing identification of an increasingly larger number of contributing factors extending from the molecular genetic to the societal level, the role of nutrition and the diet-lipid-CHD theory have remained central to CHD epidemiology. For this presentation, I have assumed hat the theory, positing causal links between diet, serum cholesterol, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, is valid without presenting and evaluating all the massive evidence related to this assumption. Rather, I shall illustrate the theory’s explanatory and predictive properties and its application in public health preventive and control programs as seen from a population oriented epidemiological perspective.
K-means clustering for high-resolution, realistic acoustic maps

In this work, we describe a method for converting fat-water-separated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes to acoustic maps for ultrasound simulations. An acoustic map is a mapping of acoustic imaging parameters such as speed of sound and density to grid points in the ultrasound simulations. Tissues are segmented into five primary classes of tissue in the human abdominal wall (skin, fat, muscle, connective tissue, and non-tissue). This segmentation is achieved using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, called soft k-means clustering, on a multi-scale feature representation of the MRI volumes. We describe an automated method for utilizing soft k-means weights to produce an acoustic map that achieves approximately 90% agreement with manual segmentation. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear ultrasound simulations are conducted, demonstrating the utility of realistic 3D maps over previously-available 2D acoustic maps.
Parent Communication Prompt to Increase Shared Decision-Making: A New Intervention Approach.

Objective: Shared decision-making (SDM) is the process by which patients, clinicians, and in pediatrics, parents/caregivers, discuss treatment options, communicate available evidence for or against the different options, share preferences and values, and eventually arrive at a joint decision. This study evaluates the use of a novel, universally applicable, SDM intervention, provided to parents, intended to promote engagement and participation with their child’s clinician. Methods: 2-arm randomized controlled trial comparing the impact of a SDM-focused intervention prompt to a neutral comparison prompt on perception of SDM participation. Participants included English-speaking parents of children (0-17 years) attending one Developmental-Behavioral Pediatric (DBP) clinic and their child’s clinician. Prior to visit start, parents received either the intervention prompt encouraging engagement with the clinician in decision-making, or the comparison prompt reminding them to request a school/work excuse note if needed. After the visit, SDM was assessed by both parents and DBP clinicians. SDM was scored as present if the respondent answered “strongly agree” to all SDM-related items. Logistic regression tested effects of visit, child, parent, clinician characteristics, and intervention group status on parent-reported SDM. Cohen’s kappa assessed alignment between parent and clinician perceptions of SDM. Results: Of 88 parents screened, 50 (61%) met eligibility criteria and agreed to participate (intervention n=26; comparison n=24). Eligible participants (parents and clinicians) for analysis completed the surveys with no missing data. Overall, SDM was present in 76% of parents and 34% of clinicians. With high rates of parent-reported SDM in both intervention and comparison groups, no main intervention effect was detected. Compared to the comparison group, there was greater alignment between parent and clinician perception of SDM in the intervention group. Conclusions: Parent and clinician enrollment and data collection with minimal loss suggest that this novel approach is easy to use and could be employed in future outpatient studies exploring SDM. In this clinical setting, both intervention and comparison group parents reported high levels of SDM participation and no main group effect was detected. Further study of this novel parent-directed SDM intervention approach is needed in a larger sample with greater variability in parent-reported SDM to determine its efficacy.
Computational Study of Microhydration in Sulfonated Diels-Alder Poly(phenylene) Polymers.

The nature of microhydration in sulfonated Diels–Alder poly(phenylene) (SDAPP) polymer membranes is explored using ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) electronic structure calculations. The impact of the aromatic poly(phenylene) structure, including cooperative effects between multiple spatially adjacent sulfonic groups, on the hydration environment is addressed using a series of DFT B3LYP/6-311**-optimized structures for different SDAPP·nH2O clusters. In addition, larger SDAPP polymer fragments, along with selected hydrophilic domain structures extracted from molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, are also evaluated using ONIOM HF/PM6 semiempirical calculations. The SDAPP clusters reveal that spontaneous proton dissociation occurs at low levels of hydration to form sulfonic-acid-associated H3O+ contact ion pairs (CIPs), which then evolve into solvated CIPs at higher hydration levels. For multiple sulfonic acid groups located on the poly(phenylene) side chains, the hydration energies are a function...
κ-Casein and β-Caseins in Human-Milk Micelles: Structural Studies

Abstract The function of human milk micelles is to deliver nutrients, particularly insoluble minerals such as the necessary calcium phosphate, to the child in a readily ingested suspension that meets the special requirements of the human infant digestive system. The micelle structure which fulfills that function is not known. However, the development of ion-exchange and reverse-phase HPLC methods for the purification and quantitation of the κ- and β-caseins, along with tritium labeling of the carbohydrate of the κ-casein in human milk to aid in its detection, provided the tools for probing micelle structure by examining the composition of micelles fractionated according to size by differential centrifugation. The relative amount of κ-casein increased as micelle size decreased, and thus as surface area/volume increased. Since κ-casein also stabilizes the micelles against precipitation by Ca 2+ ions, a surface position for most of the κ-casein is implied. The relative amounts of the various phosphorylation levels of the human β-caseins remained essentially constant except for the nonphosphorylated (0-P) form, which apparently decreased as micelle size decreased. These data suggest that the β-caseins are linked in the micelles partially through electrostatic interactions involving the organic phosphoryl groups, lacking in the 0-P, so that 0-P can dissociate into the whey. That further implies that the complete surface is not protected by the κ-casein but that the β-caseins are also accessible to the solution.