cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-Lasting Effect of Prolonged Hypoxemia after Birth on the Immediate Ventilatory Response to Changes in Arterial Partial Pressure of Oxygen in Young Lambs

The effect of prolonged hypoxemia (H) after birth on the evolution of the ventilatory response to changes in arterial partial pressure of O2 was determined in unanesthetized, awake lambs. H was induced for 12 d after birth in seven lambs through exposure to 0.10 fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2). Five control (C) lambs were kept in 0.21 FiO2. The ventilatory response (percent increase from baseline) to acute hypoxia was tested with 0.14 FiO2 and 0.10 FiO2. The tonic activity of the peripheral chemoreceptors was assessed by the transient pure oxygen inhalation test (Dejours' test). The occlusion technique was used to measure the baseline neuromuscular drive of breathing. A markedly decreased early ventilatory response to acute hypoxia persisted in the H lambs for at least 5 wk after termination of H compared with the C group. The second phase of the response was significantly lower only at 12 d (the end of H) and was thereafter comparable to that in the C lambs. The ventilatory response to hyperoxia was significantly lower in the H lambs only at the end of hypoxemia at 12 d and rapidly normalized after return to normoxia. H did not significantly affect resting neuromuscular drive. These results show that postnatal maturation of the ventilatory response to changes in arterial partial pressure of O2 can be delayed by prolonged postnatal hypoxemia. The effect on the response to hyperoxia is transient, whereas the response to acute hypoxia is affected for an extended time. This study illustrates the importance of an adequate postnatal arterial partial pressure of O2 for the development of the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia.
The solution of the bloch equations in the presence of a varying B1 field—An approach to selective pulse analysis

Abstract A method of solution of the Bloch equations in the presence of a varying B 1 field is proposed. The method, which uses perturbation theory and linear systems analysis, is applied to the situation where B 1 is in the form of a “selective pulse,” i.e., a pulse whose frequency spectrum is deliberately limited by suitable modulation of the amplitude of B 1 in a time ≪ T 2 . The resulting system response is calculated as a function of frequency, and also as a function of time when a strong linear field gradient is applied. Although the method is general, the particular pulse shape chosen is rectangular in order to allow comparison with known results. In the field gradient case, the primary response of the system is shown to be a replica of the pulse. Thus, if the receiver is gated off during the pulse, the response may only be viewed by formation of an echo. The tertiary response, which becomes prominent for flip angles approaching 90°, is shown to be a parabolic decay following the rectangular pulse, and of duration equal to the pulse length. The frequency spectrum of this response, which is a manifestation of the nonlinearity of the system, is shown to bear only an indirect relationship to that of the original pulse.
A Psychopharmacology Tutor on CD-ROM: Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Clinical Applications (CD-ROM). Stephen M. Stahl. 1998. New York: Cambridge University Press. $54.95.

The relatively recent advent of computer-based technologies such as information on the web and CD-ROM storage mediums have opened up a new arena for the presentation of educational materials in the sciences. While the possibilities for what can be presented are almost endless, the reality generally has been less successful. In Essential Psychopharmacology , the author has made a commendable effort at presenting materials from his fine textbook of the same name in a stimulating, graphic-intensive fashion.
Recognition of expression variant faces using weighted subspaces

In the past decade or so, subspace methods have been largely used in face recognition - generally with quite success. Subspace approaches, however, generally assume the training data represents the full spectrum of image variations. Unfortunately, in face recognition applications one usually has an under-represented training set. A known example is that posed by images bearing different expressions; i.e., where the facial expressions in the training image and in the testing image diverge. If the goal is to recognize the identity of the person in the picture, facial expressions are seen as distracters. Subspace methods do not address this problem successfully, because the feature-space learned is dependent over the set of training images available - leading to poor generalization results. In this communication, we show how one can use the deformation of the face (between the training and testing images) to solve the above defined problem. To achieve this, we calculate the facial deformation between the testing and each of the training images, project this result onto the (learned) subspace, and there weight each of the features (dimensions) inverse-proportionally to the estimated deformation. We show experimental results of our approach on those representations given by the following subspace techniques: principal components analysis (PCA), independent components analysis (ICA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). We also present comparison results with a number of known techniques and show the superiority of our weighted LDA algorithm over the rest.
Pharmacologic resistance in prolactinoma patients.

Pharmacologic resistance to dopamine agonists is defined here as failure to normalize PRL levels and failure to decrease macroprolactinoma size by ≥50%. Failure to normalize PRL levels is found in about one-quarter of patients treated with bromocriptine and 10–15% of those treated with pergolide or cabergoline. Failure to achieve at least a 50% reduction in tumor size occurs in about one-third of those treated with bromocriptine and 10–15% of those treated with pergolide or cabergoline. The cause of dopamine resistance is primarily a decrease in D2 receptors but the receptors have normal affinity for dopamine. Treatment approaches for patients resistant to dopamine agonists include changing to another dopamine agonist and increasing the dose of the drug as long as there is continued response to the dose increases and no adverse effects with higher doses. Transsphenoidal surgery is also an option. Clomiphene, gonadotropins, and GnRH can be used if fertility is desired. For those not desiring fertility, estrogen replacement may be used unless there is a macroadenoma, in which case control of tumor growth is also an issue and dopamine agonists are generally necessary. In many patients modest or even no reduction in tumor size may be acceptable as long as there is not tumor growth. Hormone replacement (estrogen or testosterone) may cause a decrease in efficacy of the dopamine agonist so that it must be carried out cautiously. Reduction of endogenous estrogen, use of selective estrogen receptor modulators, and aromatase inhibitors are potential experimental approaches.
Expanded reef-rock textural classification and the geologic history of bryozoan reefs

The wide range of colony forms assumed by bryozoans results in a greater variety of bryozoan-reef-carbonate-rock types than can be accommodated within present classifications. Consequently, the currently used textural classification is expanded to include several new reef-rock categories (branchstone, cruststone, globstone, lettucestone, shellstone) immediately applicable to bryozoan reefs. Those in the early Paleozoic were small mounds, largely cruststones and bindstones, accompanied later by globstones and lettucestones; a very few similar mounds live today. Others, many larger, in the mid-and late Paleozoic, were branchstones and bafflestones, in some cases so sediment-rich as to appear mostly as floatstones with interspersed rudstones to micstones.
Model for the Micro-Buckling/Micro-Kinking Compressive Response of Fiber-Reinforced Composites

This article focuses on the effects that non-uniform fiber spacings have on the compressive response of composites. The above type of imperfection is included in a model which incorporates initial fiber misalignments and accounts for non-linear shear response of the matrix and shear-deformable fibers. It is shown that the disparate response of fibers embedded within matrix layers of different thicknesses results in reduced levels of compressive strengths and leads to failure modes which contain discontinuities in the fiber shear strains.
Why Field Linguists Should Pay More Attention to Research in Applied Linguistics

Linguistic fieldworkers undertake the highly challenging task of entering a new community, often one with which they have no previous experience, and documenting the local language. While there is a good deal of discussion in the literature about the various issues related to fieldwork (methodology, technology, field site, ethics, etc.), much less attention is paid to two important aspects of applied linguistics that relate directly to fieldwork: language learning and community literacy. This article makes the argument that linguists who engage with language learning and literacy development in their own practice will enjoy improved outcomes for both themselves and their host community. The current literature on language learning theory is then reviewed, with a particular view to how this knowledge can be applied to the field. Recent publications on literacy theory and practice are also appraised in a similar fashion.
The Genesis of Mind and Spirit

Spiritual life is made possible by the evolution of a human neuropsychology that requires social interdependence for its development. Extensive neuroplasticity requires experiential shaping throughout life. The evolution of frontal cortex hypertrophy suggests that much of this shaping is produced by a socially constructed virtual reality, extending beyond immediate experience. Prefrontal colonization makes possible the social scaffolding of neuroregulation, including the emotional attachments necessary for moral life. Cognitive independence from immediate environments enables symbioses with external memory systems, producing novel forms of socially constituted experience and making possible the transformative effect of religious systems upon individual biologies and psychologies.
Structural basis for redox regulation of Yap1 transcription factor localization

The ability of organisms to alter their gene expression patterns in response to environmental changes is essential for viability. A central regulator of the response to oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the Yap1 transcription factor. Upon activation by increased levels of reactive oxygen species, Yap1 rapidly redistributes to the nucleus where it regulates the expression of up to 70 genes1,2,3. Here we identify a redox-regulated domain of Yap1 and determine its high-resolution solution structure. In the active oxidized form, a nuclear export signal (NES) in the carboxy-terminal cysteine-rich domain is masked by disulphide-bond-mediated interactions with a conserved amino-terminal α-helix. Point mutations that weaken the hydrophobic interactions between the N-terminal α-helix and the C-terminal NES-containing domain abolished redox-regulated changes in subcellular localization of Yap1. Upon reduction of the disulphide bonds, Yap1 undergoes a change to an unstructured conformation that exposes the NES and allows redistribution to the cytoplasm. These results reveal the structural basis of redox-dependent Yap1 localization and provide a previously unknown mechanism of transcription factor regulation by reversible intramolecular disulphide bond formation.
The diagenetic behavior of cutin acids in buried conifer needles and sediments from a coastal marine environment

Whole green, litter, and sedimentary fir, hemlock, and cedar needles and bulk sediments collected from the Dabob Bay region in Washington state were analyzed for their cutin-derived CuO reaction products. All samples yielded dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid isomers (x,ω-C16), 16-hydroxyhexa-decanoic acid (ω-C16), 14-hydroxytetradecanoic acid (ω-C14), and 18-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid (ω-C18: 1) as the major cutin acids. Fir/hemlock needle mixtures were characterized by a high abundance of the 9,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid positional isomer, while cedar needles produced primarily the 10,16-dihydroxy counterpart. Cutin acids accounted for ~3% of tissue C in green needles, ~4% in needle litter, 0.5–1.5% in sedimentary needles, and about 0.1% of the organic carbon (OC) in bulk sediments. Approximately 80% of the original cutin acids in fresh green needles were lost from the deepest (~100 years old) sedimentary tissues. Cutin was more reactive than lignin and polysaccharides, but more stable than the cyclitol components of the same needles. Comparative diagenetic losses of the individual cutin acids were not uniform and suggest that additional hydroxy groups and the presence of C double bonds both increase overall reactivity. The relative stability series derived for all the molecular constituents measured is: total vanillyl phenols > total P-hydroxy phenols, ferulic acid, most aldoses, bulk organic matter > mannose, ω-C14, ω-C16 ⩾ ω-C18:1 > glucose, p-coumaric acid, x, ω-C16 > all cyclitols. Diagenetically induced changes in the various cutin parameters used to characterize nonwoody vascular plant tissues were not large enough to confuse degraded conifer tissues with other cutin sources. Based on these trends, the finely disseminated cutin-bearing tissues in Dabob Bay sediments appear to be comprised approximately of equal amounts of highly degraded fir/hemlock and cedar needle fragments. According to this estimate, nonwoody vascular plant debris accounted for roughly 15% of the total organic matter present in these sediments.
Very large deformations of axially symmetrical membranes made of neo-hookean materials

Abstract The general theory of highly elastic membrane structures is specialized for the case of axially symmetrical membranes, and reduced to a set of six simultaneous nonlinear differential equations. An arbitrary length constant is used to normalize the variables and constants of the system into nondimensional form. By assuming that meridional deformations are large, it is shown that analytical solutions can be obtained for a general class of axially symmetrical membranes made of neo-Hookean material. The validity of the assumption is demonstrated for values of the meridional extension ratio λ 1 greater than 2, and the theory is applied to several illustrative problems of varying degrees of complexity. Detailed numerical calculations are carried out for the inflation of a cylindrical membrane. The results prove to be in good agreement with results obtained from the general equations by numerical methods.
Computerized versus standard personality measures: Equivalency, computer anxiety, and gender differences

Abstract Undergraduate students were administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Purpose in Life Test (PIL) in either paper-and-pencil or computer-administered format. Prior to administration, all subjects completed the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Phobos Mathematics Anxiety Inventory (PHOBOS) in their original paper-and-pencil formats. For those subjects who received the personality tests via computer administration, high CARS scores were associated with higher BDI scores and lower PIL scores, even when state, trait, and mathematics anxiety were partialled out. The results suggest that standardized normative distributions on personality tests may not be applicable to computerized personality tests (CPT).
Revitalizing the Vision in Supervision: Supporting the Supervisor in Home-Based Therapy Programs

Home-based programs provide a growing number of mental health and case-management services to high-risk children, adolescents, and their families. The clinical service providers who work directly with these children and families have varying degrees of education and practice experience as well as a range of different supervisory needs. Because of the daily challenges service providers face, they require support from competent, available supervisors. The professionals who supervise them often assume that responsibility with limited, if any, training in providing supervision. New and experienced supervisors alike often find themselves in positions for which they are ill prepared, without suitable training or administrative support. This article describes a supervision seminar developed for supervisors who supervise the clinicians who provide home-based services. The seminar provides training, support, consultation, and other forms of assistance to help supervisors adapt their clinical skills for use in thei...
Gait Variability and Multiple Sclerosis

Gait variability, that is, fluctuations in movement during walking, is an indicator of walking function and has been associated with various adverse outcomes such as falls. In this paper, current research concerning gait variability in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) is discussed. It is well established that persons with MS have greater gait variability compared to age and gender matched controls without MS. The reasons for the increase in gait variability are not completely understood. Evidence indicates that disability level, assistive device use, attentional requirement, and fatigue are related to gait variability in persons with MS. Future research should address the time-evolving structure (i.e., temporal characteristics) of gait variability, the clinical importance of gait variability, and underlying mechanisms that drive gait variability in individuals with MS.
UNIQUE CONTRIBUTIONS OF LIMITED JURISDICTION TRIAL COURT JUDGES

An examination is made of the extent to which limited jurisdiction trial court judges make unique contributions to court policies. The methodology and political implications of minor court research differs from those in higher courts. Analysis of variance found that minor court judges in multiple-judge courts differed in the level and uniformity of fines and costs assessed in misdemeanor cases. Binary tests for regression discontinuity found that judges in single-judge courts initiated policy changes upon entering office. Such knowledge of unique judicial contributions would enable citizens and court officials to make informed decisions in judge selections and court reforms.
Protein crystallization in drug design: towards a rational approach.

X-ray crystallography is the method of choice for the detailed characterization of stereochemistry of interactions of drug leads and potential chemotherapeutics with their protein targets. The resulting atomic models allow for rational enhancement of the lead properties and consequently for the design of high-affinity inhibitors. However, a major bottleneck of the technique is the requirement for the protein and its complexes to yield high quality single crystals. Furthermore, it is highly desirable that such crystals diffract to high resolution, preferably ≥ 1.2 A, revealing the structures in atomic detail. Unfortunately, only a small portion of proteins readily crystallize in that fashion. New approaches are being developed to circumvent this problem. One proposed option includes rational protein surface engineering to systematically improve the crystallizability of the protein. This is accomplished by creating surface patches readily mediating weak, but specific, intermolecular interactions that take o...
Extended Structures Built on a Triphenoxymethane Platform − C3‐Symmetric, Conformational Mimics of Calix[n]arenes

A series of C3-symmetric tris(3,5-dialkyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methanes (alkyl = tert-butyl, methyl, tert-pentyl) have been synthesized in high yield from their respective phenols and fully characterized, including single crystal X-ray structures for two examples. The di-tert-butyl-substituted compound, 1a, has been derivatized to a tris-acid chloride, 4, which was treated with a variety of amines (dimethylamine, benzylamine, glycine, and alanine) from which the corresponding tris-amides 5−8 were formed. The absolute geometry and conformation of the dimethylamine, glycine, and alanine derived systems were determined by X-ray analyses, and in all cases, the three phenolate arms point up with respect to the central methine. Alkali metal binding studies (Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) were carried out for the dimethylamine, benzylamine, and glycine compounds 5−7, and these compounds were found to have some selectivity for potassium cations. NMR studies demonstrate that C3 symmetry is retained in all the compounds and the stoichiometry for lithium ion complexation is 1:1, whereas two ligands are needed to complex sodium cations. Crystal structures of the dimethylamine derivative with lithium picrate and the benzylamine and glycine derivatives with sodium tetraphenylborate were also determined.
Guided self-assembly growth of epitaxial Co dots on lithographically pattered Ru single crystals

Abstract Epitaxial Co islands were grown onto lithographically etched Ru(0 0 0 1) substrate at 350°C and characterized ex situ with atomic force microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, and magneto-optical Kerr effect. On 100-nm deep, 6×6 μm 2 etched squares, the submicron Co islands tend to decorate the edges. In contrast, on shallow patterns of 5-nm deep and 750-nm wide lines, no preferred island location was observed. The islands tend to elongate into stripes and fine wires when the etched lines are along high-symmetry directions. All patterns induce an in-plane easy axis along the lithographic pattern edges.
Teaching a Course in Creative Approaches in Counseling With Children and Adolescents

ABSTRACT This article is designed for counselor educators who have an interest in teaching creative approaches in counseling. A simple format or template is provided for teaching a course on using creative approaches in counseling with children and adolescents. This course was created and taught in a 1-week institute format. Included are detailed descriptions of course activities including objectives, rationales, and sample questions for processing the activities. Implications for counselor training are also offered.
Spread of mono- and polysynaptic connections within cat's motor cortex

1. Spread of synaptic effects within the gray substance of the motor cortex was examined in cats by delivering intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) through a tungsten electrode and recording postsynaptic potentials (p.s.p.'s) intracellularly from neighbouring cells. 2. ICMS of 4 μa within layer I did not produce any p.s.p.'s in the surrounding neurons. 3. ICMS of 4 μa at layers II, III and IV produced monosynaptic p.s.p.'s only in adjacent neurons. Their horizontal and vertical spread was limited to within 0.5 mm of the stimulating site. Ascending spread from the stimulating sites was not observed in these layers. 4. Polysynaptic effects from layers II, III and IV were found at a distance up to 1.0 mm from the stimulating site both in horizontal and vertical directions. Inhibitory spread was wider than excitatory. 5. ICMS of 4 μa in the deep layers (V and VI) produced both mono and poly synaptic activation of cells in these same layers as well as in the superficial layers (II–III). The effects of ICMS were mixed, but were predominantly inhibitory. 6. The possible synaptic organization within the cortex is discussed and it is concluded that these neuronal connections as a whole constitute a columnar organization within the cortex with feedback circuits built into the system.
Study of turbine bypass remote augmentor lift system for V/STOL aircraft

The airframe design and engine/aircraft integration were emphasized in a NASA comparative study of turbofan and turbine bypass engine (TBE) with remote augmentor lift systems (RALS) for supersonic V/STOL aircraft. Functional features of the TBE are reviewed, noting the enhanced cycle efficiency and reduced afterbody drag compared to the turbojets. The present studies examied performance levels for aircraft with fleet defense and secondary anti-surface warfare roles, carrying AMRAAM and AIM missiles. TBE engine cycles were configured for hover and up-and-away flight from deck launch, and all tests were done from a conceptual design viewpoint. The results indicate that the TBE-RALS is superior to turbofan-RALS aircraft in both gross take-off weight and life cycle cost.
Methyl Transfer from Methylcobaloxime to (Triphos)Ni(PPh3): Relevance to the Mechanism of Acetyl Coenzyme A Synthase

The zerovalent nickel complex, (triphos)Ni(PPh3), is quantitatively alkylated by a methylcobaloxime reagent. Independent chemical synthesis confirms the nickel-containing product as the cation, [(triphos)NiMe]+. These studies provide small molecule precedent for a Ni(0) nucleophile during acetyl coenzyme A synthase (ACS) biocatalysis. That the corresponding (triphos)NiCO is not a substrate for the reaction provides a chemical-based rationale for ordered binding of methyl followed by CO.
Method of locating ultrasound-powered nerve stimulators

We have previously shown a small simple ultrasound-powered nerve stimulator. The piezoelectric implant receives power from an external driving ultrasound transducer. Focusing the ultrasound beam improves power transfer efficiency, but the implant location must be known to aim the focus. We show that currents driven by the stimulator might be detectable on the skin. By scanning the ultrasound focus and measuring the electrical response, we form an image of the implant location. This could give a feedback signal for aiming the beam, and allow multichannel addressing of several stimulators with no added circuitry in the implant.
Some recent trends and developments in finite element analysis for incompressible thermal flows

A numerical procedure for solving the time-dependent, incompressible Navier–Stokes and energy equations is presented. The present method is based on a set of finite element equations of the primitive variable formulation, and a time-splitting procedure which has unique features in its formulation as well as in its evaluation from the viewpoint of efficiency and accuracy. The applicability of the proposed formulation was verified by computations and comparison with known results.
Partial Pd occupancy in uranium palladium dianti­monide, UPd0.603(6)Sb2

Single crystals of uranium palladium dianti­monide, UPd0.603 (6)Sb2, were grown from an Sb flux. The title compound crystallizes in space group P4/nmm, adopting the ZrCuSi2 structure type, but with a partial occupancy of the Pd site. All atoms are located on special positions with site symmetries \overline{4}m2 for Pd and one Sb atom, and 4mm for U and the other Sb atom.
Ingestion of Soil Contaminated with 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Alters Hepatic Enzyme Activities in Rats

Abstract Female rats were treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) in either corn oil or contaminated soil from the Minker site in Missouri. Eight doses ranging from 0.015 to 5 μg TCDD/kg were used in the corn oil group; the range was 0.015 to 5.5 μg TCDD/kg in the TCDD-contaminated soil group. Rats in a third group were given equal amounts of soil uncontaminated with TCDD. No acute toxicity or effects on body weight gain were observed at these doses. In general, equivalent doses of TCDD in corn oil or TCDD in soil produced similar increases in hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity (AHH) and UDP glucuronyltransferase activity although effects were slightly greater in the TCDD-corn oil groups. In the corn oil groups, the induction of AHH ranged from about 30-fold at the highest dose to twofold at the lowest dose studied. TCDD also caused an increase in cytochrome P -450 concentration and a shift in spectral peak from 450 to 448 nm. There was no effect of TCDD on ethylmorphine N -demethylase, consistent with previous reports. Liver concentrations of TCDD (mean ± SD) in the 5-μg/kg groups were 40.8 ± 6.3 ppb in the TCDD-corn oil group and 20.3 ± 12.9 ppb in the TCDD-contaminated soil group. Our results suggest that the bioavailability of TCDD in soil in rats is approximately 50%. Therefore, ingestional exposure to TCDD-contaminated soil may constitute a significant health hazard in view of its extremely high toxicity and relatively high bioavailability.
Role of radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer of high Gleason score.

BACKGROUND The routine use of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing combined with digital rectal examination has lowered tumor volume and clinical-pathological stage of men undergoing radical prostatectomy. Therefore, we may identify more men with poorly differentiated tumors of early clinical stage. In order to identify those who may benefit from radical prostatectomy, we evaluated known prognostic variables in patients with prostate cancer of high Gleason score (8–10). METHODS Of 652 patients who underwent a radical prostatectomy as monotherapy for clinically localized prostate cancer between March 1991–December 1995, 84 patients with prostatectomy specimen Gleason score 8–10 tumors were identified. Clinical-pathological data were obtained from our prostate cancer database. Gleason score, PSA level, margin status, pathologic stage, and tumor volume were analyzed as general prognostic variables for disease-free survival (DFS). Follow-up ranged from 13–84 months (median, 36.2). Biochemical recurrence was defined as a postoperative PSA elevation greater than 0.4 ng/ml. RESULTS The DFS for patients with Gleason score 8–10 and pathologically organ-confined disease was 62.5%. DFS was 56.2% for patients with PSA ⩽10 ng/ml, compared to 19.2% for patients with serum PSA >10 ng/ml (P = 0.009). Patients with nonspecimen-confined disease (positive margins) had a DFS rate of 26.6% vs. 55% for patients with specimen-confined disease (negative margins) (P = 0.009). On multivariable analysis, only preoperative PSA ⩽10 ng/ml (P = 0.02) and surgical margin status (P = 0.04) were significant predictors of DFS. CONCLUSIONS Surgical margin status and preoperative serum PSA level are independent predictors of DFS for patients with high Gleason score prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy as monotherapy. Patients with poorly differentiated prostate cancer treated surgically at an early stage can have a favorable prognosis, especially if negative surgical margins are obtained. A preoperative serum PSA level ⩽10 ng/ml carries the greatest likelihood of achieving prolonged DFS in this group of patients. Prostate 39:60–66, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Application of Cooperative Wireless Networks in Reducing Power Consumption of Robots Exploring a Planet

This paper presents the comparison of the average amounts of power consumed by robots in a standard network that uses single-hop transmission and a cooperative network that uses two-hop transmission. It is shown that the ratio of the average power consumptions in the two networks depends on the number of cooperating robots on average that are available for the source and the destination, and the propagation channel. It is shown that robots in a cooperative network significantly consume less power on average.
Coded acoustic wave modulation for multi-parameter transmission

Improving process observability is of high relevancy to improving manufacturing productivity. This paper describes the a data transmission technique that uses acoustic waves as the means for transmitting multiple parameters (melt temperature, pressure, velocity, and viscosity) that are critical to the monitoring and control of plastic injection molding processes. A coded-acoustic wave modulation scheme enables multi-parameter transmission through an acoustic transmitter with variable gains. This enables selective resonant frequencies that provide the carriers for the individual parameters to be transmitted, while suppressing noise induced in the modulation process. The presented sensor design principle is applicable to a wide range of process monitoring scenarios.
Making Cap-and-Trade Work: Lessons from the European Union Experience

With a new administration in Washington and a new consensus that carbon dioxide emissions are causing catastrophic climate change, it is becoming clear that the United States will soon adopt some form of market-based regulation scheme. Though many would argue that the United States should have instituted a regulatory scheme years ago, the country will reap one distinct advantage from having a late start: the ability to learn from the European Union's ambitious efforts to tackle the problem of industrial carbon emissions for nearly five years. There are many ways that governments and other regulating bodies can regulate and control industrial carbon emissions, but two of the main methods are the traditional “command and control” strategy in which government sets unwavering limits on how much carbon each business can emit, and a system of “tradable emissions permits”—sometimes called cap and trade—in which a government sets an emissions limit, or cap, for each business or industry and issues permits that co...
Development of a Medicaid Behavioral Health Case-Mix Model

Many Medicaid programs have either fully or partially carved out mental health services. The evaluation of carve-out plans requires a case-mix model that accounts for differing health status across...
A comparative study between felted and triaxial compressed polymer foams on cushion performance

A widely used industrial felted foam was compared to a volumetrically heated and compressed foam in this study in terms of cushion performance. The off-the-shelf melamine open cell foam and polyurethane open cell foam were triaxially heated and compressed via an in-house-made device, and energy dissipation was then compared to the felted off-the-shelf open cell melamine and the polyurethane foam. The hysteresis cycle compression test and impact test, in conjunction with a high-speed video camera, were conducted to measure the energy dissipation, G-value, and the Poisson’s ratio. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the cellular morphology before and after the felting and volumetric heat and compression. The study showed that both felted foam and triaxial compressed foam demonstrated reasonably well the cushion performance due to the presence of auxetic and microcell structures.
Five Factors in the Failure of MF Global

The MF Global bankruptcy was the fifth largest financial failure in U.S. history and sent shock waves across the U.S. and European financial markets; the farming and commodities industries; and the regulatory regimes in Washington, Chicago, and New York. However, while approximately 2,800 direct finance jobs were lost and more than a billion dollars remains unaccounted for, the greater tragedy will be in the lasting effects this failure may have on the very functioning of futures markets. This article documents some of the relevant financial history of the failure and outlines the various market failure theories it invokes.These include the principal-agent problem, the issue of co-opted regulation, the market for lemons, and the divergence between downside commodity insurance and options pricing.
Design and operation of manufacturing systems-control- and system-theoretical models and issues

The design and operation of manufacturing systems are of great economic importance. In spite of the considerable literature and long history of manufacturing, much research remains to be done. This paper combines earlier work on the hedging point method for scheduling and the decomposition method for performance prediction and design to propose a unified approach for design and operation. It includes algorithms for selecting buffer sizes and policy parameters.
Hospitalizations to Treat Herpes Zoster in Older Adults: Causes and Validated Rates

Background The availability of a vaccine for the prevention of herpes zoster has increased interest in methods to measure zoster disease burden. Hospitalizations assigned a zoster diagnosis code have been used as indicators of severe zoster in prior studies. However, a zoster diagnosis code may not be a specific indicator of severe zoster illness, because the code may be assigned to a hospitalization for another cause in a person with coincident zoster. Methods To assess the validity of a hospital diagnosis code of zoster as an indicator of hospitalizations that are attributable to zoster, we identified all hospitalizations with a zoster diagnosis code assigned in any position among members of a managed-care organization who were >or=50 years of age during 1992-2004. Of those, we selected a sample of 260 hospitalizations for chart review. Results Chart reviews were completed for 225 hospitalizations. Sixty-five (29%) were because of zoster or a complication of zoster treatment, and an additional 9 (4%) were because of postherpetic neuralgia or a complication of postherpetic neuralgia treatment. Although the overall age-adjusted rate of hospitalizations with a zoster diagnosis code was 42.5 hospitalizations per 100,000 population per year, the estimated rate of hospitalizations because of zoster, postherpetic neuralgia, or adverse effects of a medication used to treat zoster or postherpetic neuralgia was only 14.0 hospitalizations per 100,000 population per year. Conclusions Rates of hospitalizations associated with a zoster diagnosis code will substantially overestimate the burden of hospitalizations attributable to zoster in older adults.
An empirical investigation of hierarchical squared-error clustering formulations

The authors present an application of simulated annealing to hierarchical clustering. A formal hierarchical clustering problem formulation is presented, and two different instances for squared-error clustering are examined. These two instances are then compared to Ward's hierarchical method for 32 data sets. The results show that Ward's method outperforms direct formulations for most of the data sets. >
Acute and chronic phases of complex regional pain syndrome in mice are accompanied by distinct transcriptional changes in the spinal cord

Background: CRPS is a painful, debilitating, and often-chronic condition characterized by various sensory, motor, and vascular disturbances. Despite many years of study, current treatments are limited by our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Little is known on the molecular level concerning changes in gene expression supporting the nociceptive sensitization commonly observed in CRPS limbs, or how those changes might evolve over time. Results: We used a well-characterized mouse tibial fracture/cast immobilization model of CRPS to study molecular, vascular and nociceptive changes. We observed that the acute (3 weeks after fracture) and chronic (7 weeks after fracture) phases of CRPS-like changes in our model were accompanied by unique alterations in spinal gene expression corresponding to distinct canonical pathways. For the acute phase, top regulated pathways were: chemokine signaling, glycogen degradation, and cAMP-mediated signaling; while for the chronic phase, the associated pathways were: coagulation system, granzyme A signaling, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling. We then focused on the role of CcL2, a chemokine that we showed to be upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels in spinal cord tissue in our model. We confirmed its association with the nociceptive sensitization displayed in this model by demonstrating that the spinal but not peripheral administration of a CCR2 antagonist (RS504393) in CRPS animals could decrease mechanical allodynia. The spinal administration of CcL2 itself resulted in mechanical allodynia in control mice. Conclusions: Our data provide a global look at the transcriptional changes in the spinal cord that accompany the acute and chronic phases of CRPS as modeled in mice. Furthermore, it follows up on one of the top-regulated genes coding for CcL2 and validates its role in regulating nociception in the fracture/cast model of CRPS.
The university system and economic development in Mexico since 1929

Preface Figures and tables 1. Introduction 2. Three historical demands on the university 3. Government policy priorities and the development of the professional fields 4. From professionals to technicians: the mexican economy's changing demand for university graduates 5. The 'crisis' of quality in Mexican higher education and the rise of the private universities 6. The university system, social mobility, and social status 7. Conclusions Statistical appendix Notes Selected bibliography Index.
Cholesterol Vehicle in Experimental Atherosclerosis 24: Avocado Oil

Objective: To determine atherogenicity of avocado oil relative to saturated (coconut oil), monounsaturated (olive oil) and polyunsaturated (corn oil) fats. Methods: New Zealand White rabbits were fed a semipurified diet containing 0.2% cholesterol and 14% fat for 90 days. They were then necropsied and severity of atherosclerosis was determined visually. Results: Coconut oil was the most atherogenic fat. Corn oil was only slightly less atherogenic than either olive or avocado oils. Percentage of serum HDL cholesterol was highest in the rabbits fed the two monounsaturated fats. Conclusion: Avocado oil is of the same order of atherogenicity as corn oil and olive oil.
Exploring the use of a column model for the characterization of microphysical processes in warm rain: results from a homogeneous rainshaft model

Abstract. A study of the evolution of raindrop spectra (raindrop size distribution, DSD) between cloud base and the ground surface was conducted using a column model of stochastic coalescense-breakup dynamics. Numerical results show that, under steady-state boundary conditions (i.e. constant rainfall rate and DSD at the top of the rainshaft), the equilibrium DSD is achieved only for high rain rates produced by midlevel or higher clouds and after long simulation times (~30 min or greater). Because these conditions are not typical of most rainfall, the results suggest that the theoretical equilibrium DSD might not be attainable for the duration of individual rain events, and thus DSD observations from field experiments should be analyzed conditional on the specific storm environment under which they were obtained.
Measurement of the Density Matrix of a Longitudinally Modulated Atomic Beam

We present the ﬁrst measurement of the longitudinal density matrix of a matter-wave beam. Usinga unique interferometric scheme, both the amplitude and phase of off-diagonal density matrix elementswere determined directly, without the use of traditional tomographic techniques. The measureddensity matrix of a doubly amplitude modulated atomic sodium beam compares well with theoreticalpredictions.
Logistic Investigation of the Effects of Race and Insurance Coverage on Potentially Avoidable Hospitalization in Tennessee

Rationale: To examine: (1) the rates of potentially avoidable hospitalization (AH) of patients insured under Tennessee's Medicaid managed care program (TennCare) and compare them to those who have other types of insurance (e.g., Medicare or commercial insurance) and with those who are uninsured, and (2) the role of race in influcing the variations in hospitalization rate among the different insurance types. Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that significant variation exists in the probability of having an AH across different health insurance types and to evaluate indirectly the relative effectiveness of providing primary care across insurance types. Methodology: Logistic regression estimation of a multi-year, patient level UB-92 hospital discharge dataset for 2002-04 Anticipated Outcomes: The most direct outcome of the study will be baseline population-based relative prevalence rates of potentially avoidable hospitalization among different racial and insurance groups. These rates will reveal how severely the prevalence rate of avoidable hospitalizations of one population group (e.g., African Americans) differs from that of another group (e.g., white Americans) in Tennessee. Another important outcome will be a predictive model that can be used to estimate and predict the likelihood of being admitted to a hospital for an avoidable hospitalization and how that likelihood may be influenced by an individual's race, ethnicity, and insurance coverage. These probability estimates will be produced for each of the underlying medical conditions, called ambulatory-care sensitive or ACS conditions that can give rise to avoidable hospitalizations and for different racial/ethnic and insurance subgroups. Also available will be similar rates for individual hospitals and for different geographic areas across Tennessee based on, for example, the Health Planning Areas established by Tennessee Department of Health. When completed, the results will assist practitioners and hospital administrative staff in targeting groups at risk for unnecssary hospitalizations in an effort to improve quality of care and reduce costs.
Worldwide Testing of the Snowmelt Runoff Model with Applications for Predicting the Effects of Climate Change

The Snowmelt-Runoff Model (SRM), a simple degree-day model, has been applied to over 50 basins in 15 countries around the world. Where results have been reported, the average R 2 has been 0.84 and the average seasonal volume difference, D v , has been 3.8 %. The testing of SRM has taken place on basins in different climatic regions, thus setting the stage for using SRM in evaluations of the hydrological effects of climate change. A method for using SRM in evaluations of climate change has been established and tested on several basins. Initial results show some potentially serious problems involving water supply, flooding, and drought. More testing in a variety of climatic regions is necessary along with improved specification of the changes in temperature and precipitation by region.
Notation of Decimal Fractions in Bohemia

(1932). Notation of Decimal Fractions in Bohemia. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 39, No. 9, pp. 511-514.
Abstract B77: Translational effects of alternative NAT1 mRNA isoforms

B77 N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) catalyzes the N-acetylation of many aromatic amine carcinogens such as 2-aminofluorene and 4-aminobiphenyl. Following N-oxidation by cytochrome P450’s, NAT1 catalyzes the O-acetylation of the N-hydroxy metabolites of many aromatic and heterocyclic amine carcinogens. NAT1 genetic polymorphisms have been associated with differential risks to various cancers related to aromatic and heterocyclic amine carcinogens, but the findings have been inconsistent. Individual susceptibility to these carcinogenic compounds could be modified by genetic polymorphism or by other factors causing differences in NAT1 expression. Our laboratory and others have reported that NAT1 is transcribed from a major promoter, NATb, and an alternative promoter, NATa, resulting in mRNAs with distinct 5’-UTR regions. The 117 nucleotide NATb 5’-UTR contains two noncoding exons, while the 371 nucleotide NATa 5’UTR contains four noncoding exons. The two 5’UTRs share a 79 nucleotide exon immediately upstream of the open reading frame (ORF). We hypothesized that mRNAs including either the NATa or NATb 5’-UTR may be associated with differences in protein expression and that SNPs included in variant NAT1 alleles may modify this effect. We therefore investigated effects on protein expression due to interaction of the different 5’-UTRs with the ORF and region 3’ to the ORF of the reference NAT1*4 allele, and two variant alleles: NAT1*10 and NAT1*11 that are associated with modified risk to arylamine-induced cancers. pcDNA5/FRT plasmid constructs were prepared for transient transfection of full length human mRNAs including either the NATa or NATb 5’-UTR, the ORF, and 885 nucleotides of the region 3’ to the ORF. For each allele of interest, two constructs were made, one including the NATa 5’-UTR and one including the NATb 5’-UTR. Following transient transfection into Chinese hamster ovary cells, NAT1-catalyzed N-acetylation of p-aminobenzoic was measured by HPLC and NAT1 protein expression was measured by Western blot. A difference of approximately 10 fold (p Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B77.