cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of nickel chloride on body temperature and behavioral thermoregulation in the rat

This study was designed to assess the effects of acute nickel chloride administration on behavioral and autonomic thermoregulation in the rat. In one experiment, male rats of the Fischer 344 strain were injected with nickel chloride (IP) at dosages of 0 to 24.0 mg/kg and placed in an environmental chamber maintained at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 10 or 20°C. Colonic temperature was measured 60 min postinjection. Nickel chloride caused a dose-related decrease in colonic temperature, and the hypothermia was accentuated at the cooler Ta. In a second study, rats injected with 0, 6.0, 12.0, or 24.0 mg/kg nickel chloride were placed in a temperature gradient which allowed the rats to select their preferred thermal environment. Nickel chloride at dosages of 12.0 and 24.0 mg/kg caused a significant reduction in the selected Ta. At these dosages the rats were also significantly hypothermic at 60 min postinjection. In a third experiment, whole-body oxygen consumption (i.e., metabolic rate) was measured at Ta's of 10, 20, and 30°C following a 12.0 mg/kg injection of nickel chloride. Nickel chloride caused an initial depression in metabolic rate and hypothermia at Ta's of 10 and 20°C but not at 30°C. In conclusion, (a) nickel chloride affects both behavioral and autonomic control of thermoregulation in the rat and appears to induce a regulated decrease in body temperature and (b) the behavioral thermoregulatory response of the rat is less sensitive to nickel chloride when compared to the mouse.
Mdm2 Is Required for Inhibition of Cdk2 Activity by p21, Thereby Contributing to p53-Dependent Cell Cycle Arrest

p53 is extensively posttranslationally modified in response to various types of cellular stress. Such modifications have been implicated in the regulation of p53 protein levels as well as its DNA binding and transcriptional activities. Treatment of cells with doxorubicin causes phosphorylation and acetylation of p53, transcriptional upregulation of p21 and other target genes, and growth arrest. In contrast, downregulation of Mdm2 by a small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach led to increased levels of p53 lacking phosphorylation at serine 15 and acetylation at lysine 382. Levels of binding of p53 to the p21 promoter were comparable following treatment with doxorubicin or Mdm2 siRNA. Moreover, p53 was transcriptionally active and capable of inducing or repressing a variety of its target genes. Surprisingly, p53 upregulated by Mdm2 siRNA had no effect on cell cycle progression. Although comparable in level to that achieved by treatment with the p53 activators actinomycin D and nutlin-3, the increases in p53 and p21 after downregulation of Mdm2 were not sufficient to trigger cell cycle arrest. This version of p21 was capable of interacting with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) but failed to inhibit its activity. Taken together, these results argue that Mdm2 is needed for full inhibition of Cdk2 activity by p21, thereby positively contributing to p53-dependent cell cycle arrest.
Small signal characteristics of ionic liquid gated mott transistors

This study presents operational principles of a model EDLT using the correlated insulator VO2 as a channel material and various ionic liquids. The stability of the VO2/IL interface is carefully examined so that electrochemical effects could be mitigated. A room temperature switch is explored using EDLT and the dynamic response of the channel conductance will be discussed.
mAKAP: an A-kinase anchoring protein targeted to the nuclear membrane of differentiated myocytes

The compartmentalization of second messenger-activated protein kinases contributes to the fidelity of hormonemediated signal transduction events. For example, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase is tethered at specific intracellular locations through association with A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). We now report the cloning of mAKAP, an anchoring protein found predominantly in heart, skeletal muscle and brain, and whose expression is induced in neonatal ventriculocytes by treatment with hypertrophic stimuli. mAKAP is targeted to the nuclear membrane of differentiated myocytes. Analysis of mAKAP-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion constructs revealed that nuclear membrane targeting is conferred by two regions of the protein, between residues 772-915 and 915-1065, which contain spectrin-like repeat sequences. Heterologous expression of the mAKAP targeting sequences displaced the endogenous anchoring protein from the nuclear membrane, demonstrating that mAKAP targeting is saturable. Collectively, these data suggest that a domain containing spectrin-like repeats mediates targeting of the anchoring protein mAKAP and the cAMPdependent protein kinase holoenzyme to the nuclear membrane in response to differentiation signals. SUMMARY
The Antigenic Variation of Salmonella Pullorum

Abstract THIS investigation was undertaken to gain additional information on the characteristics associated with regular and variant strains of Salmonella pullorum, with major emphasis being placed on the antigenic relationship of parent strains of this organism carried on a stock culture medium and daughter colonies grown on various types of media. METHODS Seventy cultures of S. pullorum were selected for studying regular and variant tendencies. Each culture exhibited typical reactions for S. pullorum, as specified by Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, sixth edition, and were in the “smooth” phase. Each of the 70 strains was transferred to Difco stock culture agar slants, containing 1.5 percent Bacto agar, and incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. At the end of this period antigens were prepared for each strain and suspended in 0.3 percent phenolized saline to give a McFarland nephelometer turbidity reading of tube 1. In order to avoid the removal of any . . .
Ineffectiveness of “time out” punishment in suppressing human operant behavior

Human Ss procured monetary reinforcement on a fixed-ratio schedule. In one component of the schedule, rather than procuring reinforcement responding produced either 0, 1, or 4 min of time out from reinforcement. Response-contingent time outs of these durations did not reduce rates below levels in other components of the schedule. The failure of time out punishment to produce response suppression was attributed to the fact that reductions in rate would have been accompanied by reductions in reinforcement frequencies as well.
Dynamics of optical damage of thin aluminum film irradiated by picosecond laser pulses

Time resolved reflectivity measurements of thin aluminum films undergoing damage by picosecond laser pulses are described. Experimental results are compared with results from reflectance calculations using the model of hydrodynamic expansion of a metal layer heated by a short laser pulse. Both experimental and theoretical results confirm that thin metal films are useful as damageable optical elements in an optical power limiting device. {copyright} {ital 1996 Society of Photo{minus}Optical Instrumentation Engineers.}
Havana: supporting application and channel dependent QoS in wireless packet networks

For wireless channels, interference mitigation techniques are typically applied at the packet transmission level. In this paper, we present the Havana framework which supports integrated adaptive-QoS in wireless packet networks by responding to impairments over multiple time scales that are present at the flow/session level. The Havana framework is based on three different control mechanisms that operate over distinct adaptation time scales. At the packet transmission time scale, a packet-based channel predictor determines whether to transmit a packet or not depending on the state of the wireless channel. At the packet scheduling time scale, a compensator credits and compensates flows that experience bad link quality. Over even longer time scales an adaptor regulates flows taking into account the ability of wireless applications to adapt to changes in the available bandwidth and channel conditions. We present the design and implementation of our framework and evaluate each of the proposed control mechanisms using the ns-2 simulator.
Ultrasonic Texture Analysis for Polycrystalline Aggregates of Cubic Materials Displaying Orthotropic Symmetry

The study of the applications of the acoustoelastic effect, i.e. the stress-dependence of the propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves in deformed elastic media, has undergone considerable progress in recent years.1 Techniques for the determination of applied and residual stresses have been proposed both for bulk2–5 and for surface6–9 ultrasonic waves. However, for the practical application of these techniques to fabricated materials, the difficulty of separating the often competing effects of stress and texture remains a vexing problem.
Grades Matter; Legal Writing Grades Matter Most

In this study of 380 students in a law school’s 2011 graduating class, the data demonstrates a strong correlation between high performance in legal writing courses and high performance in non-legal writing courses. There is also a strong correlation at the opposite end: low performers in legal writing courses are low performers in non-legal writing courses. This article provides the hard data to support the significance of writing skills by demonstrating the correlation between performance in legal writing courses and performance in other law school courses by comparing grades and Grade Point Averages (GPAs). Of course grades and GPA data are not the sole measures of success, but as other research has indicated, good grades often translate to job interviews, job offers, and ultimately, jobs — the true measure of success these days.With the changing economy, declining employment statistics, downsizing legal employment market, increasing tuition at rates exceeding inflation, and a declining law school applicant pool, legal education cannot simply stand by and hope things get better. Information about how performance in legal writing correlates to law school performance outside of the legal writing course is nowhere close to curing any of these ills. Such information is, however, useful for schools in thinking about how to move forward. Slow as it may be to come or as difficult to manage, law schools must react to these and other changes; part of that reaction should include curricular reform that better prepares students for success — with success defined as after-graduation employment. To aid law schools in thinking about curricular reform, this article proves what legal writing professors and legal education reformers have known for a long time: legal writing courses are the linchpin of legal education.
Capillary Depressions for Nearly Planar Menisci.

It is demonstrated analytically that the capillary depression C of a nearly planar meniscus is linearly related to its meniscus height h by the relationship C = h/[1 - I0(r/a)]. Here, a2 = γ/ρg, ρ and γ are the density and surface tension of the liquid respectively, g, the acceleration due to gravity, r is the radius of the capillary tube at the liquid-solid-gas interface, and I0(z) is the modified Bessel function of the first kind and zero order.
Dynamic Analysis on CD4 Surveillance? of ADIS Patients and HIV Infectors in Lianyungang City

[Objective]To master the blood CD4 variation tendency and variation tendency characteristics of AIDS patients and HIV infectors through dynamic analysis,and provide scientific evidence for whether given CD4 testing or not. [Methods]Mono-platform method was adopted to conduct CD4 test,and the data were statistically analyzed.[Results]CD4 levels of most HIV infectors decreased gradually,but upgrade quickly after treatment,then reached the peak speed 3 months after treatment,comparing with the treatment month,the difference was significant( P 0. 01) . After that the upgrade speed slowed down,but the difference was not significant. Of patients without treatment,CD4 levels of 28. 1% was less than 200 /μ1. Most of the death cases were due to untimely treatment.[Conclusion]After the confirmed HIV-1 antibody positive,patients with manifestation of clinical risk should be recruited as CD4 monitoring object,before treatment and 3 months after new treatment. The perfect CD4 test should include periodic and emergency tests. And it is convenient to put the CD4 test in municipal laboratory.
Effects of Exercise on the Basal Concentration of ATP in Muscle Tissue

Abstract The problem involved the determination of the base concentration of ATP in muscle tissue of white rats. These animals had been forced to exercise (train) by swimming. The method used to analyze for ATP involved bioluminescene and spectrophotometry. The luciferin-luciferase system served as the bioluminescence source. The Fisher's t test for significance was computed from the data collected. The peak height, obtained from the reaction of ATP and the luciferase system which was recorded, indicated the amount of ATP present. The results obtained were not significant at the .05 level. Based on the findings of this study it was concluded that there was not a significant change in the base concentration of ATP in the experimental rats as compared to the control rats, and that there was a definite trend of an increased basal concentration of ATP in the exercised animals.
First Principles Determination of Hyperfine Fields in Pt/Fe (111) Multilayers

The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the 2Pt/5Fe/2Pt (111) system were investigated using the total energy full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method. The interplanar relaxation, determined by the atomic force approach, was found to be large between the nearest Pt-Fe and Fe-Fe distances, altering thus the electronic and magnetic properties of the system. We find an enhancement of the spin and orbital Fe magnetic moment (2.44 μ B ) at the interface, and a large induced magnetic moment (0.27 μ B ) at the interfacial Pt site, which is relatively short-ranged. The effects of the interface on the contact hyperfine fields is evaluated: The (negative) core-polarization contribution is found to scale with the moment, but the valence contribution changes from negative in the interior to positive at the interface. The trend of the calculated layer-by-layer hyperfine fields agrees well with experiment.
Difficulties in Regulating Emotions as Moderators of Interparental Conflict and Young Adult Children’s Mental Well-Being

This study investigated the degree to which emotion regulation difficulties moderate the negative association between interparental conflict (i.e., parents’ demand/withdraw patterns and symbolic aggression) and young adults’ mental well-being. Participants included 171 young adults (18–28 years old) from intact families who completed an online survey. Using confirmatory factor analysis and SEM, results indicated when young adults have great difficulty in regulating emotions, perceptions of interparental conflict do not significantly predict mental health symptoms. However, fewer difficulties in regulating emotions actually magnify the negative effects of witnessing interparental conflict on young adults’ mental well-being. Hence, while successful emotion management is important for everyday functioning, heightened regulation abilities may simultaneously contribute to young adults’ awareness of the harmful impact of family discord.
Inhibitory Effects of Monocytes on CD4+Foxp3+ T Cell Expansion In Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)

Abstract Abstract 380 Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance. Indeed, defective Treg compartments have been described in several autoimmune diseases, including in patients with ITP. We recently reported that ITP patients on treatment with thrombopoietic receptor (TPO-R) agonists, known to improve platelet counts, have increased Treg suppressive activity. We now find in a cohort of 31 ITP patients (median platelet count 66 ×109/L, range 5–326 ×109/L) who were tested at least at 2 different time points either before, during and after their treatment with TPO-R agents, a positive correlation between platelet counts and circulating Treg frequency (Foxp3+CD25hi, r=0.388, p=0.005) as well as in vitro suppressive activity (r=-0.556, p 50×109/L had reduced frequency of CD14hiCD16neg classic monocytes compared to those with Disclosures: Bussel: Portola: Consultancy; Amgen: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Ligand: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Shionogi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Eisai, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cangene: Research Funding; Genzyme: Research Funding.
DNM1 mutation status, sex, and sterilization status of a cohort of Labrador retrievers with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture

Exercise-induced collapse (EIC) due to DNM1 mutation and rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament are both common syndromes in the Labrador retriever breed. A cohort of 313 Labradors was recruited based on their CCLR status and were subsequently genetically tested for EIC. Epidemiological aspects of the cohort were also described, including sex, sterilization status, and age at sterilization. No sex difference was observed in dogs susceptible to EIC (homozygous for the mutant genotype) compared to dogs not susceptible to EIC (heterozygotes and dogs homozygous for the normal genotype). No evidence for association was detected between CCLR status and EIC status (p =0.357), although the sample cohort was not of sufficient size to entirely rule out an association. A significant difference (p = 0.031) was observed in the sex distribution of dogs affected with CCLR compared to those without CCLR. An increased number of female CCLR cases were observed compared to the number of female controls; male CCLR cases and controls were approximately the same number. When CCLR status was examined in each sex, no significant differences were observed between those that were sterilized and those that weren’t. However, for female dogs that were sterilized, CCLR cases were significantly higher in dogs sterilized at one year of age or younger compared to those sterilized when over the age of one year (p = 0.0021, OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.55–12.72); for males, this finding was suggestive, but not statistically significant (p = 0.0913, OR 3.57, 95% CI 0.809–14.476). CCLR is not associated with a large increase in EIC occurrence. Statistically, these two syndromes cannot be proven to be unrelated; however, concomitant occurrence of CCLR and EIC in Labrador retrievers is rare, despite the high prevalence of both syndromes in this breed. Epidemiological findings suggest that females may be over-represented in CCLR cases and that early sterilization (≤1 year) may increase the risk of Labradors developing CCLR later in life (particularly in females). These results should be considered preliminary and require confirmation in larger populations of Labrador retrievers.
Loss of Tryptophan Fluorescence Correlates With Mechanical Stiffness Following Photo-Crosslinking Treatment of Rabbit Cornea.

Purpose A clinical treatment option for keratoconus involves the use of UV-initiated photo-crosslinking with riboflavin to increase corneal stiffness. Our study investigates whether endogenous fluorescence changes following treatment for keratoconus can be correlated to alterations in the stiffness of the cornea, thereby guiding treatment of keratoconus. Methods A total of 78 ex vivo rabbit eyes were treated with either riboflavin-dextran solution plus UV light, dextran solution plus UV light, or riboflavin-dextran solution only for half treatment (2.84 J/cm2), standard treatment (5.28 J/cm2), or prolonged treatment (15.84 J/cm2) times. Fluorescent spectroscopy was performed on all samples before and after treatment. The stress-strain relationship was measured for all samples using a uniaxial tensiometer following treatment. Results We found a dose-dependent decrease in the 290/340 nm excitation/emission fluorescence pair with increase in corneal stiffening following treatment that was significant (P < 0.01) for both standard (5.28 J/cm2 total fluence) and prolonged treatment (15.84 J/cm2) times. We did not observe a significant change in this excitation/emission pair for the dextran-plus-UV or riboflavin-only treatment groups. Conclusions Loss of fluorescence intensity at the 290/340 nm excitation/emission pair could offer a noninvasive, in situ measurement for guiding the photo-crosslinking treatment of keratoconus. Larger relative decreases in this pair are significantly correlated with longer treatment times and with increases in stiffness and Young's modulus.
Pie, Fry, Why: Language Play in 3- to 5-Year-Old Children.

This study examined the relationship between four common types of language play and their correlations with the verbal and social abilities of 3- to 5-year-old children. While observation has shown...
Divide, multitask, and conquer: Coordination in channel regulation

A neuron's essential function is to relay information in the form of the action potential, a rapid change in the neuronal membrane voltage. Ion channels generate and maintain action potentials by h...
Abstract 568: Congenic Mapping of Hypertension in the Nephrectomy Model of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Introduction: We previously reported a locus on mouse chromosome 11 (chrom 11) linked to development of hypertension (HTN) after sub-total nephrectomy (Nx). To begin fine mapping, we used the 129S6 (129) susceptible strain and the C57BL/6 (B6) resistant strain to generate 4 reciprocal congenic lines carrying ~ 2-LOD intervals of the linked locus for recombinant progeny testing. The intervals are defined by microsatellite markers 1-5 and markers 1-6, corresponding to regions defined by markers D11Mit2 and D11Mit177, and D11Mit2 and D11Mit285, respectively. Through brother-sister matings, the 4 lines are as follows: 1) 129 background, homozygous for B6 segment defined by markers 1-5 (129 Chrom11:1-5ofB6 ), 2) 129 background, homozygous for 129 segment defined by markers 1-5 (129 Chrom11:1-5of129 ), 3) B6 background, homozygous for 129 segment defined by markers 1-6 (B6 Chrom11:1-6of129 ) and 4) B6 background, homozygous for B6 segment defined by markers 1-6 (B6 Chrom11:1-6ofB6 ). Methods: Sub-total Nx was performed on male and female congenic mice at ~ 8 weeks of age. Beginning 4 weeks after surgery, using tail cuff manometer, mice were trained for 2 weeks, after which systolic blood pressure (SBP) was recorded daily for 2 weeks. Results: Table 1 summarizes the average SBP of the congenic lines. Conclusion: These findings confirm the effect of this chrom 11 region is dependent on the 129 genetic background, and suggest that interactions between this 129 locus and other loci in the 129 genome are necessary for the development of HTN after nephron mass reduction. Moreover, the influence of this region on chrom 11 appears to be dependent on sex.
Application of Propensity Scores to a Continuous Exposure: Effect of Lead Exposure in Early Childhood on Reading and Mathematics Scores

The estimation of causal effects in observational studies is usually limited by the lack of randomization, which can result in different treatment or exposure groups differing systematically with respect to characteristics that influence outcomes. To remove such systematic differences, methods to ”balance” subjects on observed covariates across treatment or exposure levels have been developed over the past three decades. These methods have been primarily developed in settings with binary treatment or exposures. However, in many observational studies, the exposures are continuous instead of being binary or discrete, and are usually considered as doses of treatment. In this manuscript we consider estimating the causal effect of early childhood lead exposure on youth academic achievement, where the exposure variable blood lead concentration can take any values that are greater than or equal to 0, using three balancing methods: propensity score analysis, non-bipartite matching, and Bayesian regression trees. We find some evidence that the standard logistic regression analysis controlling for age and socioeconomic confounders used in previous analyses (Zhang et al. (2013)) overstates the effect of lead exposure on performance on standardized mathematics and reading examinations; however, significant declines remain, including at doses currently below the recommended exposure levels.
Electrons on the surface of 2D materials: from layered electrides to 2D electrenes

The unique properties of 2D materials have motivated the discovery of new atomically thin materials that push the boundaries of synthetic design and device performance. One new class of 2D materials is the atomically thin form of layered electrides, which consist of alternating layers of atoms and electrons. We call these ultrathin electrides, “electrenes”. Electrenes possess exciting properties like high mobility, high carrier concentrations, and low work functions. In this review, we discuss the mechanical, electronic, optical, and chemical properties of electrenes and their bulk layered crystals. We highlight strategies for the synthesis of electrenes and conclude with potential applications, including catalysis, batteries, and transparent conductors.
C- and N-Metalated Nitriles: The Relationship between Structure and Selectivity

ConspectusMetalated nitriles are exceptional nucleophiles capable of forging highly hindered stereocenters in cases where enolates are unreactive. The excellent nucleophilicity emanates from the powerful inductive stabilization of adjacent negative charge by the nitrile, which has a miniscule steric demand. Inductive stabilization is the key to understanding the reactivity of metalated nitriles because this permits a continuum of structures that range from N-metalated ketenimines to nitrile anions.Solution and solid-state analyses reveal two different metal coordination sites, the formally anionic carbon and the nitrile nitrogen, with the site of metalation depending intimately on the solvent, counterion, temperature, and ligands. The most commonly encountered structures, C- and N-metalated nitriles, have either sp3 or sp2 hybridization at the nucleophilic carbon, which essentially translates into two distinct organometallic species with similar but nonidentical stereoselectivity, regioselectivity, and re...
Annual Report Readability: The Case of the Fortune 500

This study adds to the literature on the readability of annual reports submitted to the SEC by assessing current readability, and contemporizing similar studies conducted between 1950 and 1991. The results show that the sample’s 10-Ks are “Very Difficult” to read, and have scores lower than previous research. The study also examines the sample by economic sector, and finds that readability levels are similar among sectors with one exception. These outcomes raise several issues, including the usefulness of the information transfer of 10-Ks, and whether the goals of the SEC are met if 10-Ks are virtually unreadable
“Ravisht justice”: Transnational Law and Disorder in the Works of John Webster

Early modern English playwrights often portrayed Italy as a place where there is a tolerance of vice and jealousy, a joy in mischief and plotting, and a desire for revenge.1 John Webster’s The Whit...
Oxidatively-Stable Linear Poly(propylenimine)-Containing Adsorbents for CO2 Capture from Ultradilute Streams.

Aminopolymer-based solid sorbents have been widely investigated for the capture of CO2 from dilute streams such as flue gas or ambient air. However, the oxidative stability of the widely studied aminopolymer, poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), is limited, causing it to lose its CO2 capture capacity after exposure to oxygen at elevated temperatures. Here, we demonstrate the use of linear poly(propylenimine) (PPI), synthesized through a simple cationic ring-opening polymerization, as a more oxidatively stable alternative to PEI with high CO2 capacity and amine efficiency. The performance of linear PPI/SBA-15 composites was investigated over a range of CO2 capture conditions (CO2 partial pressure, adsorption temperature) to examine the tradeoff between adsorption capacity and sorption-site accessibility, which was expected to be more limited in linear polymers relative to the prototypical hyperbranched PEI. Linear PPI/SBA-15 composites were more efficient at CO2 capture and retained 65-83 % of their CO2 capacity after exposure to a harsh oxidative treatment, compared to 20-40 % retention for linear PEI. Additionally, we demonstrated long-term stability of linear PPI sorbents over 50 adsorption/desorption cycles with no loss in performance. Combined with other strategies for improving the oxidative stability and adsorption kinetics, linear PPI may play a role as a component of stable solid adsorbents in commercial applications for CO2 capture.
Alternative Cytokines in the Immunoregulation of the Human B Cell Cycle

A variety of soluble factors have been described which regulate the growth and differentiation of human B lymphocytes in vitro. Several of these factors were orginally recognized by their activity in assays of B cell function, for example IL-4, BSF-2, and BCGF.1–4 In contrast, we have been studying the effects on B cell function of three factors originally described to influence the function of cell types distinct from B cells. These three factors are Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-s), orginally described to induce certain adherent non-neoplastic cells to express a transformed phenotype and to undergo anchorage independent growth5; interleukin-2 (IL-2), first recognized to promote the growth of T lymphocytes6; and Tumor necrosis factors, first identified by their cytotoxic or cytostatic effects against certain tumor cell lines7. Each of these factors have been found to have significant regulatory effects on the growth and differentiation of human B cells in vitro.
Colon Volvulus and the Geriatric Patient

One is tempted to believe that volvulus in elderly patients on many occasions may be preceded by inactivity and pseudomegacolon. Owing to psychiatric problems, chronic illness, or institutionalization, the patient is more likely to be subjected to treatment with sedatives and psychotropic drugs, causing decreased neuromuscular function of the gut. The basic principles in treating the volvulus are releasing the volvulus, deciding whether a nonoperative or an operative procedure should be employed, and treating complications. As far as surgical management is concerned, several techniques have been suggested, some of which are still controversial. Colonoscopy appears to have become an important method of treatment for volvulus with clearly established indications. Oddly enough, already hospitalized patients are occasionally subjected to delayed attention for volvulus. Therefore, physicians responsible for the care of geriatric patients should be alerted by even fairly mild symptoms of distention, abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation. Clinical evaluation, including routine films of the abdomen, may avert a major catastrophe.
Walter Gong Learning and Teaching: A Paradigm for Content Mastery

(1981). Walter Gong Learning and Teaching: A Paradigm for Content Mastery. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Western College Reading Association: Vol. 14, Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the WCRA. Theme: Challenge Reassessment Affirmation, pp. 117-123.
Property Law for Development Policy and Institutional Theory: Problems of Structure, Choice, and Change

This paper brings the institutional and ontological assumptions of development-by-incorporation theorists such Hernando De Soto into dialogue with modern property scholarship. The central argument of the incorporationists is that state-based legal systems should simply recognize and incorporate the informal property rights of urban squatters and rural villagers, thereby creating the necessary institutional conditions for successful economic development in those communities. While not directly addressing the consequentialist side of the argument, this paper argues that our knowledge of modern property systems poses several significant challenges to this prescription. The most significant of these are that modern property systems have often resisted incorporating informal property rights, and indeed often suppressed them, that they typically involve a great deal more indeterminacy than institutional theorists assume, that the very boundaries of modern property systems seem to be shifting beyond the nation state system, that incorporation decisions will necessarily involve significant normative choices, and that some traditional systems may simply be inconsistent with the institutional ontology of modern economic institutions.
Closed-loop recycling of plastics enabled by dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds

Recycled plastics are low-value commodities due to residual impurities and the degradation of polymer properties with each cycle of re-use. Plastics that undergo reversible polymerization allow high-value monomers to be recovered and re-manufactured into pristine materials, which should incentivize recycling in closed-loop life cycles. However, monomer recovery is often costly, incompatible with complex mixtures and energy-intensive. Here, we show that next-generation plastics-polymerized using dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds-allow the recovery of monomers from common additives, even in mixed waste streams. Poly(diketoenamine)s 'click' together from a wide variety of triketones and aromatic or aliphatic amines, yielding only water as a by-product. Recovered monomers can be re-manufactured into the same polymer formulation, without loss of performance, as well as other polymer formulations with differentiated properties. The ease with which poly(diketoenamine)s can be manufactured, used, recycled and re-used-without losing value-points to new directions in designing sustainable polymers with minimal environmental impact.
Asymmetric Rejection Loss for Fairer Face Recognition.

Face recognition performance has seen a tremendous gain in recent years, mostly due to the availability of large-scale face images dataset that can be exploited by deep neural networks to learn powerful face representations. However, recent research has shown differences in face recognition performance across different ethnic groups mostly due to the racial imbalance in the training datasets where Caucasian identities largely dominate other ethnicities. This is actually symptomatic of the under-representation of non-Caucasian ethnic groups in the celebdom from which face datasets are usually gathered, rendering the acquisition of labeled data of the under-represented groups challenging. In this paper, we propose an Asymmetric Rejection Loss, which aims at making full use of unlabeled images of those under-represented groups, to reduce the racial bias of face recognition models. We view each unlabeled image as a unique class, however as we cannot guarantee that two unlabeled samples are from a distinct class we exploit both labeled and unlabeled data in an asymmetric manner in our loss formalism. Extensive experiments show our method's strength in mitigating racial bias, outperforming state-of-the-art semi-supervision methods. Performance on the under-represented ethnicity groups increases while that on the well-represented group is nearly unchanged.
Clinical Implications for Culturally Informed Counseling with Incarcerated Individuals

By 2016's end, there were 2,162,400 adults incarcerated in the USA with a disproportionate number of those being from racially minoritized groups. Disparities in mental health care are evident and ...
Presentation, Management, and Outcomes Across the Rural-Urban Continuum for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is 1 of few cancers with rising incidence and mortality in the United States. Little is known about disease presentation and outcomes across the rural-urban continuum. Methods Using the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry, we identified adults with incident hepatocellular carcinoma between 2000 and 2016. Urban, suburban, and rural residence at time of cancer diagnosis were categorized by the Census Bureau's percent of the population living in nonurban areas. We examined association between place of residence and overall survival. Secondary outcomes were late tumor stage and receipt of therapy. Results Of 83 368 incident cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 75.8%, 20.4%, and 3.8% lived in urban, suburban, and rural communities, respectively. Median survival was 7 months (interquartile range = 2-24). All stage and stage-specific survival differed by place of residence, except for distant stage. In adjusted models, rural and suburban residents had a respective 1.09-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04 to 1.14; P < .001) and 1.08-fold (95% CI = 1.05 to 1.10; P < .001) increased hazard of overall mortality as compared with urban residents. Furthermore, rural and suburban residents had 18% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.27; P < .001) and 5% (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.09; P = .003) higher odds of diagnosis at late stage and were 12% (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80 to 0.94; P < .001) and 8% (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88 to 0.95; P < .001) less likely to receive treatment, respectively, compared with urban residents. Conclusions Residence in a suburban and rural community at time of diagnosis was independently associated with worse indicators across the cancer continuum for liver cancer. Further research is needed to elucidate the primary drivers of these rural-urban disparities.
Pharmacological ascorbate and use in pancreatic cancer

Abstract Vitamin C (ascorbate, ascorbic acid) is traditionally studied as an antioxidant, with a variety of physiologic functions based on its ability to act as an electron donor. When high plasma levels are achieved via parenteral administration, pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH−) is capable of acting as a prooxidant. This discovery of differing pharmacokinetics and redox roles between oral doses and intravenous P-AscH− doses has reignited interest in P-AscH− in cancer therapeutics. P-AscH− has been shown to be selectively cytotoxic to several cancer lines, including pancreatic cancer. In preclinical models, P-AscH− has synergistic cytotoxic effects when administered with chemotherapeutic agents and radiation regimens used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Clinical trials have demonstrated that the use of P-AscH− during the treatment of both locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer is both safe and tolerable, with suggestions of efficacy. This chapter summarizes the mechanisms, use, and encouraging results of P-AscH−, specifically in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Anesthesia for Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Familiarity with the essentials of perioperative management for open aortic aneurysm surgery is important. These patients may present for elective or emergency, life-saving intervention. This is a major cardiovascular and inherently high-risk operation. This chapter addresses anesthetic considerations for preoperative optimization, induction and maintenance of anesthesia, anticipated perioperative hemodynamic and organ perfusion challenges, and postoperative care of this population.
Securing Tire Pressure Monitoring System for Vehicular Privacy

Modern vehicles are equipped with vehicular sensors for smart navigation, vehicle state awareness, and other intelligent operations. Despite the previous belief that the sensor operations stay within a vehicle, as it is designed to be, we study information leakage through the tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) sensors and the corresponding privacy breach. We demonstrate that, using a low-cost and off-the-shelf software defined radio (SDR), an unauthorized attacker can track uniquely-identifiable sensor IDs up to 40 meters away from the vehicle. To address the issue and protect vehicular privacy, we also propose an effective and lightweight TPMS ID randomization scheme and analyze its security and the implementation costs.
A framework for partner engagement: Episodes in the life of interorganizational partnerships

Scholars have widely studied engagement in consumer contexts, but research attention on engagement in interorganizational partnerships is lacking. The authors introduce the construct of partner eng...
Hybrid rebalancing with dynamic hubbing for free-floating bike sharing systems

Abstract For managing the supply-demand imbalance in free-floating bike sharing systems, we propose dynamic hubbing (i.e., geofencing areas varying from one day to another) and hybrid rebalancing (combining user-based and operator-based strategies) and solve the problem with a novel multi-objective simulation optimization approach. Given historical usage data and real-time bike GPS location information, the basic concept is that dynamic hubs are determined to encourage users to return bikes to desired areas towards the end of the day through a user incentive program. Then, for the remaining unbalanced bikes, an operator-based rebalancing operation will be scheduled. The proposed modeling and optimization solution algorithm determines the number of hubs, their locations, the start time for initiating the user incentive program, and the amount of incentive by considering two conflicting objectives, i.e., level of service and rebalancing cost. In this study, for free-floating bike sharing, the level of service is represented by the walking distance of users for locating a usable bike, which is different from level of service metrics commonly used by station-based bike sharing, and the rebalancing cost is weighted incentive credits plus operator-based rebalancing cost. We implemented the proposed method on the Share-A-Bull free-floating bike sharing system at the University of South Florida. Results show that a hybrid rebalancing and dynamic hubbing strategy can significantly reduce the total rebalancing cost and improve the level of service. Moreover, taking the advantage of crowd-sourcing (or job-sharing) reduces negative impacts—energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions—of the operation of rebalancing vehicles and makes bike sharing a more promising environmentally friendly sharing transportation mode.
Progress in fast, accurate multi-scale climate simulations

Abstract We present a survey of physical and computational techniques that have the potential to contribute to the next generation of high-fidelity, multi-scale climate simulations. Examples of the climate science problems that can be investigated with more depth with these computational improvements include the capture of remote forcings of localized hydrological extreme events, an accurate representation of cloud features over a range of spatial and temporal scales, and parallel, large ensembles of simulations to more effectively explore model sensitivities and un- certainties. Numerical techniques, such as adaptive mesh refinement, implicit time integration, and separate treatment of fast physical time scales are enabling improved accuracy and fidelity in simulation of dynamics and allowing more complete representations of climate features at the global scale. At the same time, partnerships with computer science teams have focused on taking advantage of evolving computer architectures such as many-core processors and GPUs. As a result, approaches which were previously considered prohibitively costly have become both more efficient and scalable. In combination, progress in these three critical areas is poised to transform climate modeling in the coming decades. These topics have been presented within a workshop titled, “Numerical and Computational Developments to Advance Multiscale Earth System Models (MSESM ‘15),” as part of the International Conference on Computational Sciences, Reykjavik, Iceland, June 1-3, 2015.
Purification and properties of potato -1,4-glucan. -1,4-Glucan 6-glycosyltransferase (Q-enzyme).

Potato Q-enzyme (α-1,4-glucan: α-1,4-glucan 6-glycosyltransferase) has been purified at least 430-fold. Its instability in the purified state was reversed by Cleland's reagent (dithiothreitol) and the preparation was essentially free of other starch-metabolising enzymes (β-amylase, β-glucosidase, D-enzyme and R-enzyme). Studies involving successive and simultaneous actions of Q-enzyme and pullulanase on amylose showed that the final average unit-chain length and iodine stain of the products were almost identical, but gel filtration revealed that their chain-length distributions were different. Similarly, two amylopectin-like polysaccharides formed by the direct action of Q-enzyme on amylose and by the combined action of Q-enzyme and potato phosphorylase on glucose 1-phosphate were debranched with pullulanase and their unit-chain length distributions compared by gel filtration with that of a debranched native amylopectin. In neither case was the unit-chain profile of native amylopectin reproduced. The Q-enzyme preparation has been shown to introduce additional branch points into amylopectin with the formation of a significant proportion of maltohexaosyl side chains. Evidence is presented that Q-enzyme and not a second branching enzyme is responsible for this action and a mechanism for the formation of the maltohexaosyl chains is proposed.
Life Has Its Ups and Downs

Lower levels of support and high levels of need make journal cancellations to counter rice inflation as much a problem in ihe humanities as in other areas. Targeting more expensi;e titles for cancellation assumes a stability in relative price levels over time that may not exist. Prices of core journals in the humanities were sampled at five-year intervals from 1977 to 1997, and relatively expensive and inexpensive titles identified by deviation from disciplinary means. Titles found relatively high or low at one point rarely remained so over time. The long-term effect of cutting journals by targeting more expensive titles may be no more effective in reducing the budget than more user-oriented approaches. Changes in subscription figures did not appear to affect prices. Core humanities journals were found more expensive than other titles in their disciplines, but subject to lower rates of inflation.