cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Associations among the Big Five, emotional responses, and coping with acute stress

Abstract This study examined whether and how McCrae and Costa’s Big Five personality dimensions (N, E, O, A, and C) are associated with stress and coping processes, including cognitive appraisals, subjective reactions, use of coping strategies, and task performance. Participants were 97 male and female university undergraduates who completed an abbreviated version of the NEO-PI prior to preparing and presenting a speech to an audience. Immediately after their speeches, participants reported their emotional reactions and the coping strategies used during the task. Two independent coders rated participants’ speech task performances. Correlational analyses indicated reliable associations between the five personality dimensions and many of the study’s variables. Findings generally support previous research into the association between the Big Five and stress and coping, and provide new information about the association between the Big Five and both appraisal and performance variables.
Adsorption isotherms for microporous adsorbents

Adsorption equilibria in slit pores are calculated using an analytic solution of the classical Ono-Kondo equation with modified boundary conditions. A new equation is developed for isotherms of gas adsorption on microporous adsorbents. This equation describes isotherms of Type I in the IUPAC classification scheme for temperatures below the critical point and also describes the unusual adsorption of supercritical fluids. This new equation predicts an isotherm that follows the behavior of the Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) isotherm for relative pressures pps, between 10−1 and 10−5. However, while the DR equation does not give correct behavior either for very low pressures or for moderate to high pressures, this new equation is valid over the whole range of relative pressures. Results obtained are compared with experimental data for adsorption of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, propane, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, benzene, iso-octane, n-butane, and methane on activated carbon.
The Interdisciplinary Academy for Coaching and Teamwork (I-ACT): A novel approach for training faculty experts in preventing healthcare-associated infection

Background The Interdisciplinary Academy for Coaching and Teamwork (I-ACT) was an advanced course aimed at educating leaders of a quality improvement project on addressing clinical challenges associated with catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), overcoming socioadaptive issues among a multidisciplinary team, and effective coaching. Methods The I-ACT course provided substantial opportunities for interaction among participants and faculty experts through role playing. Participants were grouped so that each discipline of a potential CAUTI improvement team was represented during interactive components of the training. Precourse and postcourse surveys were used to assess participants' comfort in addressing various challenges associated with implementation of interventions. Results After the course, participants expressed improved comfort with using the tools provided to address challenging socioadaptive issues. Written comments indicated that the participants valued being able to learn from experts and meet in a face-to-face setting. Conclusions The I-ACT course was successful in training faculty to serve as improvement experts for US hospitals working on CAUTI prevention. After completing the course, participants felt that their comfort and ability to address complex improvement problems had improved. This model may be effective for use in preparing improvement project leaders and participants to tackle other healthcare-associated infections and complex quality problems.
The role of protein phosphorylation in beta amyloid toxicity

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that amyloid beta protein (Aβ) mediates the neurotoxicity observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Little is known, however, about the cytotoxic pathway leading to nerve cell death. Using a rat brain cell line which is sensitive to Aβ, it is shown that a 50–60 kDa protein becomes more phosphorylated when cells are exposed to Aβ. Several kinase and phosphatase inhibitors block both the increase in phosphorylation of the 50–60 kDa protein and Aβ toxicity. In contrast, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor blocks toxicity at a step which is distinct from the phosphorylation of this protein. Aβ also causes a general increase in overall phosphatase activity. It is therefore likely that a protein phosphorylation cascade is involved in Aβ toxicity.
Accessing general and sexual healthcare: experiences of urban youth

Urban adolescents face many barriers to health care that contribute to health disparities in rates of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. Designing interventions to increase access to health care is a complex process that requires understanding the perspectives of adolescents. We conducted six focus groups to explore the attitudes and beliefs about general and sexual health care access as well as barriers to care among urban, economically disadvantaged adolescents. Participants first completed a written survey assessing health behaviors, health care utilization, and demographics. The discussion guide was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and its constructs: attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Transcripts of group discussions were analyzed using directed content analysis with triangulation and consensus to resolve differences. Fifty youth participated (mean age 15.5 years; 64% female; 90% African American). Many (23%) reported missed health care in the...
What is the logic of propositional identity

Propositional identity is not expressed by a predicate. So its logic is not given by the ordinary first order axioms for identity. What are the logical axioms governing this concept, then? Some axioms in addition to those proposed by Arthur Prior are proposed.
Parametric optimization of neutron drum counter

Abstract We optimize the efficiency of neutron counter designs for 208-1 drums when counting totals neutrons by using MCNP. Design parameters, including the number of 3 He tubes and the tube pitch, depth, and gas-fill pressure, were investigated. Both cylindrical and rectilinear geometries with and without cadmium liners were examined. Fission spectra from both 240 Pu and 252 Cf were modeled as isotropic point sources located in the geometric center of the detector cavities.
REINFORCED PRIMARY REPAIR OF THORACIC ESOPHAGEAL PERFORATION

Background. Treatment of esophageal perforation, especially when diagnosed late, remains controversial. Methods. Twenty-eight patients were treated for thoracic esophageal perforation with reinforced primary repair regardless of time of presentation. Results. Fifteen patients were treated early ( Conclusions. Patients who present with sepsis have an increased risk of postoperative leak and therefore should have the repair buttressed. Overall mortality was 14% and no deaths were due to persistent leaks or mediastinal sepsis. Reinforced primary repair retains the native esophagus and avoids the need for later reconstructive operations. In the absence of a nondilatable stricture or cancer, reinforced primary repair should be performed for most thoracic esophageal perforations, early or late.
Interventions Designed to Prevent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Adolescents and Adults A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common, result in significant morbidity, and are expensive to repair surgically and to rehabilitate. Several randomized and observational studies have tested neuromuscular interventions as preventive measures for these injuries.Purpose:To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of all known comparative studies for estimating and testing the effect of neuromuscular and educational interventions on the incidence of ACL injuries in adolescents and adults, both male and female.Study Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods:Several databases were used to identify eligible studies through July 4, 2011: MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Health Technology Assessment. Eligible studies were assessed for risk of bias, and meta-analyses were performed on the estimated intervention effect (log incidence rate ratio) using inverse-variance ...
Another Look at the Fourth Servant Song of Second Isaiah

This essay argues for a contextual exegetical reading of the servant songs in Second Isaiah. By reading the songs in the literary context of references to the "second exodus" and hymns of celebration, several conclusions can be drawn. There are three servant figures in the four servant songs: one servant (Israel) in need of redemption, one servant (Second Isaiah) who proclaims redemption, and one servant (the Messiah) who procures redemption. This servant of the fourth song is not the prophet himself or Israel but a servant figure whose sacrifice will break the yoke of Babylon.
Premature ``Closing'' of the Foramen Ovale in Transposition of the Great Arteries with Intact Ventricular Septum: Rare Cause of Sudden Neonatal Death

We report a male neonate who developed severe cyanosis and bradycardia at birth unresponsive to resuscitation. At autopsy he was found to have premature "closure" of the foramen ovale together with transposition of the great arteries and an intact ventricular septum. Reviewing the literature, we found only one case report describing a similar neonate with this lethal combination of cardiac malformations.
Primary Care in Transition

It is generally agreed that too few physicians have chosen careers in primary care. The advent of managed care as a popular method of health care provision is now affecting primary care physicians in ways that may further discourage enthusiasm for the practice of primary care and have an unintended negative effect on the primary care physician supply. In addition, the early implementation of the resource-based relative value scale by Medicare and some insurance carriers has been less beneficial to primary care physicians than expected and may even have been harmful to general internists. Efforts to improve the position of primary care physicians in relation to payers and among peers are hindered by the fact that, as a group, primary care physicians are less affluent, less influential, and greatly outnumbered by their more specialized colleagues. Consequently, some of the support currently directed toward primary care may be more apparent than real. My proposals, which aim both to protect and to enhance primary care practice, are the creation of separate primary care fee schedules and separate primary care budgets within health plans, changes in consumer protection rules that intrude on primary care practice, and the development of statewide primary care associations for mutual support and greater bargaining power. Some aspects of contracting and gatekeeping require further study. ( JAMA . 1994;272:1523-1527)
REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN THE PROCESS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

This paper examines the policy actions of earlier administrators in Nigeria. The account reveals that regional inequalities in the country evolved during the 100 years of British Colonial Administration. Moreover, activities of various ethno-linguistic groups in the country after political independence undoubtedly exacerbated the situation. The paper concludes that the major structural changes in agriculture, transportation and education initiated by the British during the colonial period: (a) had profound effects on the evolution of regional disparities; and (b) established an important basis for further development of the country. Nonetheless, activities of post-independence administrators have perpetuated and even aggravated the regional and individual socio-economic disparities in the country.
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and susceptibility of the maize mesocotyl to Helminthosporium maydis☆

Abstract Extractable levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (E.C. 4.3.1.5) (PAL) increased in a susceptible combination of the maize mesocotyl with Helminthosporium maydis, but not in resistant combinations with either H. maydis or H. carbonum. The increase in extractable PAL was detected only in tissue incubated in the dark and was prevented or significantly reduced by cycloheximide and cinnamic acid. The in vivo effect of H. maydis on the mesocotyl was compared with that of the PAL inhibitor a-aminooxyacetate (AOA). AOA caused an increase in the level of extractable PAL and prevented the expression of resistance of the mesocotyl to H. carbonum. H. maydis also altered the expression of resistance to H. carbonum, in that it allowed a significant increase in post-penetration growth of H. carbonum. We suggest that susceptibility of maize to H. maydis is due to the fungus interfering with the plant's resistance response.
A study of the effect of ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons on the minority carrier lifetime of single crystal silicon processed by rapid thermal and rapid photothermal processing

Minority carrier lifetime is an efficient indicator of defect levels present in the starting material as well as process and equipment induced defects. By employing rapid thermal processing (RTP) and rapid photothermal processing (RPP) as the thermal processing techniques, we have studied the effect of ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons on the bulk minority carrier lifetime of phosphorous doped and undoped single crystal silicon wafers. For both diffused and undiffused wafers, we have observed an enhancement in the minority carrier lifetime when UV and VUV photons are used in conjunction with the samples processed without the use of UV and VUV photons. The effect of ramp rates on the minority carrier lifetime and the significance of optimized thermal cycles have also been studied in this paper. A possible explanation based on the dependence of diffusion coefficient on the photo spectrum of light source is also given in this paper.
Base cation biogeochemistry and weathering under oak and pine: a controlled long-term experiment.

Large earthen-walled lysimeters at the San Dimas Experimental Forest in southern California present a unique opportunity to assess vegetation effects on biogeochemical processes and cation release by weathering in controlled soil-vegetation systems where archived samples of soil parent material are available for comparison. The lysimeters were filled in 1937 with homogenized fine sandy loam derived on site from the weathering of diorite, and planted in 1946 with scrub oak (Quercus dumosa) and Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri). Changes in base cation contents were measured in above-ground biomass, and total and exchangeable soil pools to a depth of 1 meter. All cations in the non-exchangeable soil pool decreased relative to the initial fill material, indicating release by weathering. Sodium and K were depleted from both exchangeable and non-exchangeable pools of the soils. Plant uptake of Na was minimal, whereas K storage in vegetation exceeded the loss from the exchangeable soil pool. In both soil-vegetation systems, but especially for oak, there was an increase in exchangeable Ca and Mg. For all base cations, storage in above-ground biomass was greater for oak, whereas losses by weathering from the non-exchangeable soil pool were greater under pine. Strong evidence supports biocycling as a controlling mechanism resulting in greater Ca and Mg release by weathering under pine. In addition, decreases in non-exchangeable Ca and Mg were strongly correlated to decrease in Si under oak, whereas no correlation was observed under pine. We conclude that weathering reactions or stoichiometry differed between vegetation types.
Surface Chemistry and Adhesion- A Review of Some Fundamentals

Abstract A critical review of some fundamentals of surface chemistry revealed several areas in which current interpretations of data or interrelationships are erroneous or misleading. Correct forms of fundamental equations interrelating surface energies, equilibrium contact angles and adhesion are given and plotted in a convenient, illuminating, dimension-less form. These curves provide a basis for comparing some recently published empirical equations with the fundamental ones showing that discrepancies result from changing values of the interaction parameter φ.
Quenching of air plasma effluents

The concentration of nitric oxide in the effluent of an air plasma (2350–2600 K) was studied as a function of the rate of quenching. Rapid quenching leads to concentrations higher than those predicted from stagnant equilibrium conditions. This observation may be attributed to a lack of chemical equilibrium under the conditions investigated.
The Artist Corporation and the Collective

From “Black Collectivities: A Conference,” held May 3–4, 2013, at Northwestern University’s Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, and the University of Chicago’s Arts Incubator. After examining the vast structural responses to the need for collective organizing and synergistic effort, Gates has decided that the traditional corporation may offer us both relief and pleasure. His jest “I am fifteen corporations” is a declaration of radical business acumen (or foolishness) and a cry about the need for additional structures of inclusivity, including corporations. While examining the role of legal entities, Gates also posits the necessity for temporary and informal collectives, the gatherings that convene and dissolve around caring for places, things, and people. Referencing the archives housed at his Dorchester Projects, Gates discusses the collective in relationship to collections.
Mathematical theory of periodic relapsing catatonia

Two first-order, non-linear differential equations are presented to describe the interaction of the thyroid and pituitary glands and to explain some of the phenomena of periodic relapsing catatonia. Topographical study of these equations shows a mechanism in which either random fluctuations of hormone levels or system stability may occur. The variations in hormone concentrations are assumed to be caused by system malfunction, while stability is shown to result from the administration of exogenous thyroid which, if supplied at an optimum rate, suppresses the output of both glands. The system, under treatment, shows a zero level of thyrotropin and a thyroid concentration which is larger than the equilibrium level in the untreated system. The theory is consistent with what is known of the course and proper treament of periodic relapsing catatonia.
Magnesium deficiency: Pathogenesis, prevalence, and clinical implications

Hypomagnesemia is probably the most underdiagnosed electrolyte deficiency in current medical practice. Patients with cardiovascular disease who are at greatest risk for the development of magnesium deficiency are those treated with diuretics or digitalis. Both potassium and magnesium deficiencies are associated with increased ventricular ectopy and may increase the risk of sudden unexpected death. Refractory potassium repletion can be caused by concomitant magnesium depletion, and can be corrected with magnesium supplementation. Routine serum magnesium determination is recommended whenever the testing of electrolyte levels is required, especially in patients taking diuretic drugs or digitalis. Because hypomagnesemia is not necessarily present in a magnesium-deficient state, it is recommended that both potassium and magnesium be repleted in patients with hypokalemia. Potassium-/magnesium-sparing diuretics may be helpful in the prevention of these electrolyte deficiencies.
Pyrazine N-oxide complexes with 3d metal chlorides

Abstract Complexes of pyrazine mono-N-oxide (pyzNO) with CrCl 3 and MCl 2 ( M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) where synthesized and characterized by means of spectral and magnetic studies. Cr(pyzNO) 3 Cl 3 apparently involves N-bonded, unidentate pyzNO ligands and is neutral, monomeric and hexacoordinated. The rest of the new complexes are bi- or poly-nuclear, penta- or hexa-coordinated. Possible structures discussed are: pentacoordinated [ M (pyzNO)Cl 2 ] x ( M = Mn, Fe) complexes involving bridging, bidentate (O,N-bonded) pyzNO and both bridging and terminal Cl ligands; pentacoordinated [Co 2 -(pyzNO) 3 Cl 4 ] n ( n = 1 or 2) and hexacoordinated [Cu(pyzNO) 2 Cl 2 ] x involving terminal, N-bonded pyzNO and Cl and bridging, bidentate pyzNO and Cl ligands; Ni(pyzNO) 3 Cl 2 appears to be dimeric and hexacoordinated, with both terminal, N-bonded pyzNO and Cl ligands and bidentate, bridging pyzNO groups.
Evaluating the number of stages in development of squamous cell and adenocarcinomas across cancer sites using human population-based cancer modeling.

BACKGROUND Adenocarcinomas (ACs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) differ by clinical and molecular characteristics. We evaluated the characteristics of carcinogenesis by modeling the age patterns of incidence rates of ACs and SCCs of various organs to test whether these characteristics differed between cancer subtypes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Histotype-specific incidence rates of 14 ACs and 12 SCCs from the SEER Registry (1973-2003) were analyzed by fitting several biologically motivated models to observed age patterns. A frailty model with the Weibull baseline was applied to each age pattern to provide the best fit for the majority of cancers. For each cancer, model parameters describing the underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis including the number of stages occurring during an individual's life and leading to cancer (m-stages) were estimated. For sensitivity analysis, the age-period-cohort model was incorporated into the carcinogenesis model to test the stability of the estimates. For the majority of studied cancers, the numbers of m-stages were similar within each group (i.e., AC and SCC). When cancers of the same organs were compared (i.e., lung, esophagus, and cervix uteri), the number of m-stages were more strongly associated with the AC/SCC subtype than with the organ: 9.79±0.09, 9.93±0.19 and 8.80±0.10 for lung, esophagus, and cervical ACs, compared to 11.41±0.10, 12.86±0.34 and 12.01±0.51 for SCCs of the respective organs (p<0.05 between subtypes). Most SCCs had more than ten m-stages while ACs had fewer than ten m-stages. The sensitivity analyses of the model parameters demonstrated the stability of the obtained estimates. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE A model containing parameters capable of representing the number of stages of cancer development occurring during individual's life was applied to the large population data on incidence of ACs and SCCs. The model revealed that the number of m-stages differed by cancer subtype being more strongly associated with ACs/SCCs histotype than with organ/site.
Partial kindling of the ventral hippocampus: Identification of changes in limbic physiology which accompany changes in feline aggression and defense

This study examined the interictal consequences of partial kindling of the ventral perforant path on attack and defensive behavior in the domestic cat. Partial kindling produced a lasting increase in defense response of cats to both rats and conspecific threat howls. In addition, there was a lasting suppression of approach-attack behaviors directed toward rats. The suppression of some components of approach-attack were shown to be independent of the increases in defensive response. The effects of partial kindling of the ventral perforant path on spread of seizure activity into the amygdala, and on the output of the amygdala to both the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) were also examined. In addition, the effects of repeated hippocampal seizures on recurrent inhibition in the trisynaptic circuit (areas CA1 and CA3) were investigated. Growth of seizure activity in the amygdala and VMH as partial kindling progressed was essential for behavioral change. In addition, interictal long-term potentiation of potentials evoked in the VMH and in the BNST by pulsed stimulation of the amygdala followed partial kindling or afterdischarge threshold determination in the ventral perforant path. A lasting interictal increase in inhibition in area CA3 and a lasting interictal failure of inhibition in area CA1 of the ventral hippocampus also followed partial kindling. These changes in limbic physiology were related to the behavioral changes produced by partial kindling. The analysis revealed the importance of the amygdalo-VMH pathway in increased defensive response to rats. The amygdalo-BNST pathway is not important in mediating defensive response to prey, but it is implicated in suppression of some types of predatory aggression. Finally, changes in neural inhibition in the ventral hippocampus in areas CA1 and CA3 are associated with changes in both defensiveness and predatory aggression.
Some Issues in Irrigation Macro Strategies

ABSTRACT Mid- and long-term strategizing of irrigation development can improve coherence of a country's goals and policies and their actual implementation. It can also help identify the most desirable set of alternatives within economic, social and political objectives and constraints. Strategizing for these purposes should occur at national and provincial policy levels (macrostrategy), but the task should not be relegated exclusively to central planning entities. Concerned agency officials and user representatives responsible for field decisions should be engaged in a two-way continuing dialogue so that the plan is responsive to field realities and that implementation decisions by responsible field officials take into account national strategy considerations. Some of the principal macrostrategy variables including national development goals; policies relating to water rights, price fixing and subsidies, water charges and recurrent costs and special country considerations; the process of identifying and p...
Epidermoid cyst of the clitoris: an unusual cause of clitoromegaly in a patient without history of previous female circumcision.

Abstract Study Objective To describe a rare cause of clitoromegaly. Setting University Medical Center. Participants Patient Intervention Magnetic resonance imaging, surgical resection of the cyst, clitoroplasty Results Clitoroplasty with removal of the intradermal cyst and resolution of pain. Conclusions A 17-year-old immigrant female presented with clitoral pain associated with clitoromegaly. Epidermoid cysts are usually solitary, asymptomatic, slow-growing, proliferations of epidermal cells that are commonly present on the neck, scalp, face, or trunk. There have only been four reported cases of epidermoid cysts of the clitoris not associated with female genital mutilation. The cyst in this case was removed by local excision, and the patient's pain has resolved.
NORMAL XERORADIOGRAPHIC AND RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE RED‐TAILED HAWK (BUTEO JAMAICENCIS), WITH REFERENCE TO OTHER DIURNAL RAPTORS

The purpose of this study was to provide a reference for xeroradiographic and conventional radio-graphic anatomy of the red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicencis) as a representative of the avian Order Falconiformes. The head, body, wing, and pelvic limb of three adult birds were radiographed using xeroradiographic and conventional radiographic techniques. Twelve xeroradiographs and their corresponding conventional radiographs were selected, and the xeroradiographs labeled to illustrate the normal anatomy of these regions.
Systematic-to-Pulmonary Collaterals: A Source of Flow Energy Loss in Fontan Physiology

Patients with Fontan-modified, single-ventricle heart frequently have systemic collaterals that increase pulmonary blood flow. Competitive flow from these auxiliary vessels can also elevate pulmonary artery pressure, a process leading to erosion of flow’s mechanical energy. An analogous analytical description of mixing fluid streams was used to provide insight into flow energetics associated with systemic-to-pulmonary collaterals in Fontan-type circulation. We find that theoretical pressure increases and flow energy losses due to mixing vary quadratically as the velocity differences of the interacting fluid streams. Moreover, the predicted flow energy loss is shown to depend directly on the resultant pressure increase. Based on studies of aortopulmonary collaterals in patients with Fontan anatomy, we provide an estimate of pulmonary artery pressure elevation and flow energy loss, factors that are of considerable clinical importance.
Abstract A55: Tumor-associated fibroblasts: A new target for cancer treatment

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with a 50% rate of local failure with current standard of care. We recently reported that patient-derived tumor associated fibroblasts (TAF) facilitate HNSCC proliferation and metastasis to the cervical lymph node and lung of mice. Although the paracrine molecular interactions between HNSCC and TAFs have not been fully described, we demonstrated that TAFs (and not HNSCC) secrete hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a ligand for the c-Met receptor on HNSCC cells. Further, activation of the HGF-c-Met pathway increased HNSCC growth and invasion. In addition, we demonstrated that HNSCC cells induce the expression of HGF from TAFs. We hypothesized that inhibition of TAF-secreted HGF would reduce HNSCC proliferation, invasion and migration. We tested the efficacy of ficlatuzumab (AV-299) a humanized HGF inhibitory immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody in mitigating TAF-induced HNSCC progression. . Ficlatuzumab exhibits antitumor effects in xenograft models as a single agent and has been tested in patients with non-small cell lung cancer in a phase I setting. The antitumor efficacy of HGF neutralization has not been tested in the context of TAFs in HNSCC. Our data demonstrate that ficlatuzumab is effective in mitigating TAF-induced HNSCC proliferation, migration and invasion through inhibition of the c-met pathway in HNSCC. Citation Format: Chase Hamilton, Shary Shelton, Kiran Kakarala, Sufi Mary Thomas. Tumor-associated fibroblasts: A new target for cancer treatment. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A55. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A55
Reduction in parafunctional activity: a potential mechanism for the effectiveness of splint therapy.

SUMMARY Interocclusal splints may be an effective modality in the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), but there is little evidence regarding the mechanism by which splints work. This study tested the hypothesis that pain reduction produced by splints is associated with reduction in parafunctional activity. In a two-group, singleblinded randomized clinical trial, patients diagnosed with myofascial pain received full coverage hard maxillary stabilization splints. Patients were instructed to maintain or avoid contact with the splint for the 6 weeks of active treatment. Patients who decreased the intensity of tooth contact were expected to show the greatest alleviation of pain, and those who maintained or increased contact were expected to report lesser reductions in pain. Experience-sampling methodology was used to collect data on pain and parafunctional behaviours at pre-treatment and during the final week of treatment. Patients were reminded approximately every 2 h by pagers to maintain/avoid contact with the splint. The amount of change in intensity of tooth contact accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in pain change scores. Patients who reduced tooth contact intensity the most reported greater relief from pain. Splints may produce therapeutic effects by reducing parafunctional activities associated with TMD pain.
Experiments and modeling of transport in composite Pd and Pd/Ag coated alumina hollow fibers

Abstract The mass transport processes are analyzed for H2 permeation through Pd and Pd/Ag hollow fiber composite membranes. Experimental measurements of pure gas and two-component feeds quantify the extent of retentate-side transport limitations (concentration polarization) in reducing the hydrogen flux. The effects of membrane thickness, feed composition and flow rate, temperature, and total pressure on the extent of concentration polarization are measured. The data reveal that concentration polarization increases with increasing temperature and total pressure and decreasing hydrogen feed concentration. A hierarchy of transport models of varying complexity is presented. The complex 2D models account for gas-phase axial and retentate-side radial concentration gradients, and both selective transport of hydrogen through the Pd membrane and non-selective transport through membrane defects. Satisfactory agreement between model predictions and experimental data is obtained using experimentally measured parameters. An analysis of the characteristic times of the pertinent transport processes identifies the rate limiting regimes and helps to determine the conditions when gas-phase transport limits the overall productivity. The findings underscore the utility of small diameter fiber supports in providing a high surface to volume ratio and reduced concentration polarization.
39. Heritability of interleukin-6 and its receptor in adult twins

Although proinflammatory cytokines have clearly been linked to disease risk and shown to be responsive to many environmental factors, we still know relatively little about the interaction of genetic and life style factors. High levels of inflammatory biomarkers, such as IL-6, tend to increase with age are associated with morbidity and overall mortality. Our aim was to determine the extent to which heritability and environmental factors contribute to the variation in IL-6 and its soluble receptor among adult twins. By comparing the covariance between 75 monozygotic and 32 dizygotic twin pairs in the Midlife in the US (MIDUS) national sample, we estimated the heritability of IL-6 and IL-6r, and determined how each was associated with several other variables including obesity and hematological indices of inflammation (CRP, FBG). We also fit a multivariate model to determine the extent to which these biomarkers were influenced by common genes, common environments and unshared environmental factors. In keeping with the fact that IL-6 and its receptor are each regulated by different single nucleotide polymorphisms, the degree of heritability was markedly divergent for these two indices. In addition, the results indicated that some markers of inflammation are more tightly determined by genetics, while others are more sensitive to environmental influence.
Reproduction and population growth in free-ranging mantled howling monkeys

Free-ranging mantled howling monkey (Alouatta palliata Gray) females experienced a regular estrus cycle averaging 16.3 days, demonstrated sexual skin changes, and participated in multiple matings before becoming pregnant. Gestation averaged 186 days. The average interval between births was 22.5 months. Sexual maturity occurred at approximately 36 and 42 months for females and males, respectively. Female age at first birth was about 3 1/2 years. Births were scattered during some years and clustered during others. The age, rank, and parity of the females affected infant survival. More female than male infants survived to one year of age. Increased population size was the result of immigration rather than births.
A proposed mechanism for the sol-gel transformation.

The transformation from gel to sol in cell cytoplasm is treated as the transition from a lattice of macromolecules linked by Ca++ ions to a random distribution of the macromolecules. The transition is a cooperative process, whose probability is expressed in terms of the theory of runs. The process is related to cell metabolism by the assumption that available Ca++ concentration is regulated by metabolically produced endogenous chelating agents.
A Phenomenological Study of Postdivorce Adjustment in Midlife

Today, 50% of all U.S. marriages are expected to end in divorce, with the majority of the divorces being granted to individuals between the ages of 45 and 54. Gaining an understanding of the lived experience of postdivorce adjustment as seen in midlife was the aim of this study. A phenomenological research design was used. The themes that emerged from the data included time, emotional pain, changes in postdivorce parenting, and a sense of starting over. The clinical implications of this study suggest that obtaining an understanding of the postdivorce adjustment experience might help mental health practitioners enhance care for divorced individuals, divorcing couples, and their family members.
Hemodynamic Studies in Digitalis-Induced A-V Dissociation in the Dog*

Abstract A-V dissociation was studied by utilizing the intracardiac phonocardiogram, intracardiac pressure pulses and the electrocardiogram, in dogs that were intentionally overdigitalized with intravenous digoxin. Digitalis is capable of inducing A-V dissociation that can be reversed with potassium chloride. Atrial activity maintains its independence in this arrhythmia. The variable pattern of atrial contraction while the atrioventricular valves are open or closed is demonstrated during A-V dissociation.
Instruction-level experimental evaluation of the multiflow TRACE 14/300 VLIW computer

Advances in compiler technology have recently led to the introduction of the architectural paradigm known as the very long instruction word (VLIW) architecture. The Multiflow Trace series of processors is the first commercial line of processors with this architecture. This article presents experimental results concerning the performance and resource utilization of the TRACE 14/300 on a set of 11 common scientific programs written in both C and FORTRAN. Several characteristics of the application, architecture, implementation, and compiler that contribute to the observed results are identified. These characteristics include a conservative approach by the compiler in determining the existence of data dependence and disambiguating memory references, memory latency and resource dependences resulting from the TRACE 14/300 implementation, and actual data dependences that exist within the code. Alleviating the effects of the first three of these bottlenecks is found to improve the TRACE 14/300 performance by a factor of 1.55 on average. Performance of the TRACE 14/300 is also measured on several standard benchmarks, including the SPEC89 benchmark suite. Performance on the SPEC89 benchmarks is found to be comparable to the superscalar IBM RS/6000 when differences in implementation technology are considered. Concluding remarks concerning instruction-level parallel processing are also presented.
Establishing a foundation for automated human credibility screening

Automated human credibility screening is an emerging research area that has potential for high impact in fields as diverse as homeland security and accounting fraud detection. Systems that conduct interviews and make credibility judgments can provide objectivity, improved accuracy, and greater reliability to credibility assessment practices, need to be built. This study establishes a foundation for developing automated systems for human credibility screening.
Quantifying Facial Expression Abnormality in Schizophrenia by Combining 2D and 3D Features

Most of current computer-based facial expression analysis methods focus on the recognition of perfectly posed expressions, and hence are incapable of handling the individuals with expression impairments. In particular, patients with schizophrenia usually have impaired expressions in the form of "flat" or "inappropriate" affects, which make the quantification of their facial expressions a challenging problem. This paper presents methods to quantify the group differences between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, by extracting specialized features and analyzing group differences on a feature manifold. The features include 2D and 3D geometric features, and the moment invariants combining both 3D geometry and 2D textures. Facial expression recognition experiments on actors demonstrate that our combined features can better characterize facial expressions than either 2D geometric or texture features. The features are then embedded into an ISOMAP manifold to quantify the group differences between controls and patients. Experiments show that our results are strongly supported by the human rating results and clinical findings, thus providing a framework that is able to quantify the abnormality in patients with schizophrenia.
Where Does an Industry Locate

Abstract This paper presents an econometric model of industrial location and estimates the model for two industries in Brazil, based on a comprehensive data set. The model predicts which cities will or will not have the industry, and, for these cities with the industry, what the scale of operation will be. The parameters estimated in a full information context represent the technology of production, supply of entrepreneurs, and equilibrating error in markets. The results are strong and very suggestive and the explanatory power of the model is relatively high. The results are used to simulate the impact of industry subsidies on locational patterns.
Variable optical attenuator for large-scale integration

A polymer thermooptic variable optical attenuator (VOA) was designed and demonstrated for dense waveguide device integration. The waveguide bend design is compatible with photolithography fabrication techniques and operates by controlling waveguide bend radiation loss. The design optimizes the compromise between integration capability, integration cost, and attenuation efficiency. For a 5 mm bend length, optical attenuation of >40 dB has been achieved with an applied electrical power of 250 mW. The fiber-to-fiber insertion loss was 1.5 dB for a 20-mm total waveguide length. The design's compact size makes it practical for both VOA arrays and dense integrated optical circuits.
The Importance of Perspective Taking and Respect for Dignity in Understanding Radicalization

McCauley (this issue) has presented a thought-provoking analysis of recent surveys of Muslim Americans as a means of testing the effectiveness of theories of Islamic radicalization. In this commentary we argue that by taking Muslim Americans’ perspective, researchers and policy makers can gain insight into the phenomenon of radicalization while avoiding contributing to the stigmatization of Muslims. We also offer words of caution concerning “the ‘war of ideas’ against terrorism” and the potential for heavy handed persuasion campaigns to backfire when perceived by targets as disrespectful or threatening to their human dignity or sacred values.
Challenges to identifying and prosecuting sex trafficking cases in the Midwest United States

Drawing from 12 in-depth interviews and two focus groups with prosecutors, attorneys, victim advocates, social service providers, and police in an urban Midwestern city, challenges to identifying and prosecuting sex trafficking cases are examined. Challenges to identification included trafficking techniques such as coercion, online solicitation, hidden venues, and interstate movement, as well as issues with police reporting and investigation. Challenges to prosecution involved police reporting errors and evidentiary requirements, the statute of limitations, overlapping jurisdictions, and issues with victim testimony. The aim in highlighting such obstacles is to emphasize the dynamics that may contribute to lowered numbers of identified and prosecuted cases, and consequent underestimation of sex trafficking prevalence. Implications for policy and practice are drawn from these findings. Language: en
Bcl-2 Counters Apoptosis by Bax Heterodimerization-dependent and -independent Mechanisms in the T-cell Lineage

The effect of the cell death inhibitor Bcl-2 in relation to its capacity to dimerize with apoptosis promoter Bax or its homologs at their physiological expression levels was explored in the T-cell lineage. Transgenic mice expressing a BH1 mutant Bcl-2 (Bcl-2 mI-3), which fails to heterodimerize with proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, such as Bax, were generated. Bcl-2 mI-3 protected immature CD4+8+ thymocytes from spontaneous, glucocorticoid and anti-CD3-induced apoptosis and altered T cell maturation, resulting in increased percentages of CD3hi and CD4−8+ thymocytes. In contrast, apoptosis of peripheral T-cells was unaffected by transgene expression. This correlated with their high Bax expression level and insensitivity to the caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk, a functional hallmark of Bax-like activity. Thus, within the T-cell lineage Bcl-2 can inhibit apoptosis independent of its association with Bax or its homologs; yet, above a threshold level of their physiologic proapoptotic activity, the capacity of Bcl-2 to heterodimerize with Bax or its homologs appears essential for it to counter cell death.
Antiislet autoantibodies usually develop sequentially rather than simultaneously.

The goal of this study was to address whether antiislet autoantibodies appear sequentially or simultaneously before the onset of type I diabetes. We analyzed sequential serum samples from 155 siblings and offspring (aged < 7 yr) of patients with type I diabetes from the Denver Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young study and from a separate group of first degree relatives (aged 2-40 yr) for autoantibodies reacting with three defined autoantigens: glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), insulin, and ICA512/IA-2. The youngest age at which 1 of the 3 autoantibodies appeared was 1.1 yr, and the oldest was 60.9 yr. Of the total 26 autoantibody conversion events observed, in only 3 instances did more than 1 autoantibody appear simultaneously. Among individuals (n = 12) with sequential conversion to expression of multiple autoantibodies, anti-GAD65 autoantibodies or antiinsulin autoantibodies appeared first (4 expressed antiinsulin autoantibodies first, and 8 anti-GAD65 autoantibodies first). We conclude that ant...
The generalized detail in-context problem

The paper describes a general formulation of the "detail-in-context" problem, which is a central issue of fundamental importance to a wide variety of nonlinear magnification systems. A number of tools are described for dealing with this problem effectively. These tools can be applied to any continuous nonlinear magnification system, and are not tied to specific implementation features of the system that produced the original transformation. Of particular interest is the development of "seamless multi level views", which allow multiple global views of an information space (each having different information content) to be integrated into a single view without discontinuity.
Principles and protocols for power control in wireless ad hoc networks

Transmit power control is a prototypical example of a cross-layer design problem. The transmit power level affects signal quality and, thus, impacts the physical layer, determines the neighboring nodes that can hear the packet and, thus, the network layer affects interference which causes congestion and, thus, affects the transport layer. It is also key to several performance measures such as throughput, delay, and energy consumption. The challenge is to determine where in the architecture the power control problem is to be situated, to determine the appropriate power level by studying its impact on several performance issues, to provide a solution which deals properly with the multiple effects of transmit power control, and finally, to provide a software architecture for realizing the solution. We distill some basic principles on power control, which inform the subsequent design process. We then detail the design of a sequence of increasingly complex protocols, which address the multidimensional ramifications of the power control problem. Many of these protocols have been implemented, and may be the only implementations for power control in a real system. It is hoped that the approach in this paper may also be of use in other topical problems in cross-layer design.