cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FLIP (Flice-like inhibitory protein) suppresses cytoplasmic double-stranded-RNA-induced apoptosis and NF-κB and IRF3-mediated signaling

Background Cytoplasmic viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is detected by a class of ubiquitous cytoplasmic RNA helicases, retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation antigen-5 (MDA5), which initiate a signaling cascade via their common adaptor called interferon-β (IFN-β) promoter stimulator-1 (IPS-1). This leads to the production of proinflammatory and antiviral cytokines, the type I Interferons, via mainly nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interferon response factor-3 (IRF3) transcription factors. Fas-associated death domain (FADD) protein, receptor-interacting protein (RIP1), caspase-8 and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated death domain (TRADD) protein, all traditionally associated with death receptor signaling, are also involved in RIG-I/MDA5 signaling pathway. We previously showed that FLIP (Flice-like inhibitory protein), also designated as cflar (CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator), negatively regulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in endothelial cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and protected against TLR4-mediated apoptosis.
Melatonin and photorefractoriness: loss of response to the melatonin signal leads to seasonal reproductive transitions in the ewe.

Experiments were conducted to examine whether the refractoriness of the Suffolk ewe to the reproductive effects of day length is associated with a deficit in the generation of the circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion or in the postpineal processing of this photoperiodic message. Using serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations in ovariectomized ewes bearing constant-release estradiol implants as a marker of reproductive induction, ewes with intact pineal glands were found to become unresponsive to fixed artificial photoperiods that initially had been either inductive (short days) or inhibitory (long days). The loss of the photoperiodic response was not associated with notable changes in the 24-h secretory pattern of melatonin, which remained characteristically low throughout the day and rose at night. In pinealectomized ewes, nightly infusion of a stimulatory pattern of melatonin (simulating that seen on short days) initially provoked reproductive induction; this response then lessened over much the same time course that pineal intact ewes became refractory to short days. These results support the hypothesis that photorefractoriness reflects a deficit in the postpineal processing of the photoperiodic message. Further, in view of recent evidence that photorefractoriness normally leads to both onset and cessation of the breeding season in Suffolk ewes maintained outdoors, these findings suggest that the loss of reponse to the melatonin signal contributes to at least one of these reproductive transitions, the cessation of the breeding season, under natural environmental conditions.
Draft Genome Sequences of Nine Salmonella enterica Serovar Bovismorbificans Isolates from Various Sources

The sequences of nine genomes of Salmonella enterica serovar Bovismorbificans were compared to study the diversity and distribution of this emerging virulent serovar. These whole-genome sequences fill some gaps in knowledge of the diversity of the isolates used in this investigation.
A shipboard system for remote real-time data collection and monitoring

This paper describes a system for collecting data from a ship utilising the MSAT mobile satellite communications network. The system was extensively tested during the period from January-March 1997 on board a Canadian Coast Guard vessel. The results of these tests and future enhancements to the system are presented in this paper.
Functional Maturation of GABA Synapses During Postnatal Development of the Monkey Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Development of inhibition onto pyramidal cells may be crucial for the emergence of cortical network activity, including gamma oscillations. In primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), inhibitory synaptogenesis starts in utero and inhibitory synapse density reaches adult levels before birth. However, in DLPFC, the expression levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synapse-related gene products changes markedly during development until young adult age, suggesting a highly protracted maturation of GABA synapse function. Therefore, we examined the development of GABA synapses by recording GABAAR-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (GABAAR-IPSCs) from pyramidal cells in the DLPFC of neonatal, prepubertal, peripubertal, and adult macaque monkeys. We found that the decay of GABAAR-IPSCs, possibly including those from parvalbumin-positive GABA neurons, shortened by prepubertal age, while their amplitude increased until the peripubertal period. Interestingly, both GABAAR-mediated quantal response size, estimated by miniature GABAAR-IPSCs, and the density of GABAAR synaptic appositions, measured with immunofluorescence microscopy, were stable with age. Simulations in a computational model network with constant GABA synapse density showed that the developmental changes in GABAAR-IPSC properties had a significant impact on oscillatory activity and predicted that, whereas DLPFC circuits can generate gamma frequency oscillations by prepubertal age, mature levels of gamma band power are attained at late stages of development.
Addressable Micromachined UV Light Sources for Active Patterning

This paper presents a programmable UV light source array which can generate a patterned UV light for various applications. While all existing excimer lasers or UV light sources are based on a static compositional patterning, the UV light source array presented in this paper can be used to define arbitrary patterns in real-time. As a demonstration, UV light source arrays with 5x5 and 8x8 via holes, whose diameters range from 100 mum to 400 mum, were fabricated with a silicon wafer using MEMS micromachining techniques. The devices have been tested with voltage ranging from 200V to 1KV and pressure ranging 100mTorr to 200Torr which depend on the dimensions of the structures. Four quarters of the light sources were connected to different electrodes and illuminated each one at a time consecutively showing the patterning capability. Additionally, the number '1' and '2' patterns were generated with the UV light source array.
Establishing Shelf Life, Expiry Limits, and Release Limits

Recent international harmonization efforts such as the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Harmonized Tripartite Guideline: Q6A, Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for New Drug Substances and New Drug Products: Chemical Substances have provided general guidance for setting specifications for new drug substances and drug products, but have not provided statistical methods for integrating stability results into the process. The only statistical methods are those provided in the ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline: Q1(R), Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products (Revised guideline), which are essentially the same as those contained in the 1987 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidelines for Submitting Documentation for the Stability of Human Drugs and Biologics. Although these methods are widely used, they have continued to be a source of controversy, and they are unsuitable for establishing specifications at the time of submission. This paper provides a new computational method for determining shelf life, expiry limits, and release limits using random slopes based upon Least Squares ANOVA Estimators. Examples are provided to illustrate how the new method may be used to assist in setting specifications according to the recommendations in Q6A.
CANDA OVERVIEW: WHAT SHOULD A CANDA LOOK LIKE?

The move toward electronic submission and review of new drug applications (NDAs) is expected to make the drug development process more efficient both for drug spon­ sors and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Electronic tools have been devel­ oped for text management, image management, and data manipulation, increasing the efficiency of FDA review and enabling pharmaceutical companies to bring new drugs to market quicker. This paper focuses on tools used to access, retrieve, and display information in the NDA submission, concentrating mainly on the text and image portions. It will conclude with a description of an "ideal" computer-assisted new drug application (CANDA) system and how it could be used by both the drug sponsor and the regulatory reviewer.
Multi-microphone correlation-based processing for robust speech recognition

A novel method of signal processing for robust speech recognition using multiple microphones is presented. The method, loosely based on the human binaural hearing system, consists of passing the speech signals detected by multiple microphones through bandpass filtering and nonlinear rectification operations, and then cross-correlating the outputs from each channel within each frequency band. These operations provide an estimate of the energy contained in the speech signal in each frequency band, as well as rejection of off-axis jamming noise sources. It is demonstrated that this method increases recognition accuracy for a multichannel signal compared with equivalent processing of a monaural signal. >
Scintillation of Airy beam arrays in atmospheric turbulence

We investigate the scintillation properties of Airy beam arrays in atmospheric turbulence. By utilizing the "self-bending" propagation property of Airy beams, the constituent beamlets propagate through relatively independent regions of turbulence but still largely overlap at the on-axis detector. Through numeric simulations, it is shown that the scintillation of an Airy beam array is significantly reduced and close to the theoretical minimum.
The control of nonlinear systems. Part I: Direct search on the performance index

A straightforward and simple algorithm is presented for obtaining the optimal control of nonlinear systems. This algorithm has many of the advantages of dynamic programming but not the disadvantage of excessive computer storage. A number of numerical examples are presented to show the versatility of the method.
Some facts about Kurt Gödel

The text of this article was done together with Godel in 1976 to 1977 and was approved by him at that time. The footnotes and section headings have been added much later.Godel was born on April 28, 1906 at Brno (or Brunn in German), Czechoslovakia (at that time part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy). After completing secondary school there, he went, in 1924, to Vienna to study physics at the University. His interest in precision led him from physics to mathematics and to mathematical logic. He enjoyed much the lectures by Furtwangler on number theory and developed an interest in this subject which was, for example, relevant to his application of the Chinese remainder theorem in expressing primitive recursive functions in terms of addition and multiplication. In 1926 he transferred to mathematics and coincidentally became a member of the M. Schlick circle. However, he has never been a positivist, but accepted only some of their theses even at that time. Later on, he moved further and further away from them. He completed his formal studies at the University before the summer of 1929. He also attended during this period philosophical lectures by Heinrich Gomperz whose father was famous in Greek philosophy.At about this time he read the first edition of Hilbert-Ackermann (1928) in which the completeness of the (restricted) predicate calculus was formulated and posed as an open problem. Godel settled this problem and wrote up the result as his doctoral dissertation which was finished and approved in the autumn of 1929. The degree was granted on February 6, 1930. A somewhat revised version of the dissertation was published in 1930 in the Monatshefte.
Cardiac effects of diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) in man.

Abstract The effect of Dilantin (diphenylhydantoin sodium) on right ventricular function was evaluated in 5 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. A transient negative inotropic effect on the right ventricle and an apparently induced conduction disturbance were seen following administration of Dilantin. Nausea, vomiting and hypotension were also associated with the administration of Dilantin. These findings emphasize the need for more information in order to properly utilize Dilantin as an antiarrhythmic agent.
Baseline Response Rate and its Relationship to Effects of Omission and Extinction Training in Pigeons

Two experiments were conducted to examine the relationship between baseline response rate and the effects of omission training and extinction training in pigeons. Exp. 1 employed four omission-training groups, differentiated by the values of the reinforcement-reinforcement and/or response-reinforcement intervals, and an extinction-training group while Exp. 2 used two omission-training groups and an extinction-training group. Results indicated that baseline response rate was not related to the differential effects of omission training and extinction training and that omission-training groups with relatively short interval values reduced responding significantly faster than did extinction-training groups.
Acoustic interaction design through "audemes": experiences with the blind

This paper presents and discusses design decisions for an acoustic edutainment application for blind users called AEDIN (Acoustic EDutainment INterface), comprising audio elements used as navigational and thematic landmarks in touch-screen computers. We tested designs with blind and visually impaired teenagers. Preliminary results demonstrated the efficacy of AEDIN as an easy-to-learn and memorize architecture, and a potentially fun interface. The paper illustrates the lessons learned from the design and evaluation experience and contextually outlines new research directions for aural communication design.
Bioconjugates of CdTe Nanowires and Au Nanoparticles: Plasmon−Exciton Interactions, Luminescence Enhancement, and Collective Effects

Nanoscale superstructures made from CdTe nanowires (NWs) and metal nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared via bioconjugation reactions. Prototypical biomolecules, such as d-biotin and streptavidin pair, were utilized to connect NPs and NWs in solution. It was found that Au NPs form a dense shell around a CdTe NW. The superstructure demonstrated unusual optical effects related to the long-distance interaction of the semiconductor and noble metal nanocolloids. The NW−NP complex showed 5-fold enhancement of luminescence intensity and a blue shift of the emission peak as compared to unconjugated NW. The system was theoretically examined in a simple model of CdTe NW coaxially surrounded by an Au shell, which gives excellent agreement with experimental data. The combination of time-resolved luminescence and calculations demonstrated that increase of fluorescence intensity occurs due to stimulation of photon emission by an electromagnetic field generated around the Au NP. The process is reminiscent of SERS, although d...
Tracheal occlusions evoke respiratory load compensation and neural activation in anesthetized rats

Airway obstruction in animals leads to compensation and avoidance behavior and elicits respiratory mechanosensation. The pattern of respiratory load compensation and neural activation in response to intrinsic, transient, tracheal occlusions (ITTO) via an inflatable tracheal cuff are unknown. We hypothesized that ITTO would cause increased diaphragm activity, decreased breathing frequency, and activation of neurons within the medullary and pontine respiratory centers without changing airway compliance. Obstructions were performed for 2–3 breaths followed by a minimum of 15 unobstructed breaths with an inflatable cuff sutured around the trachea in rats. The obstruction procedure was repeated for 10 min. The brains of obstructed and control animals were removed, fixed, sectioned, and stained for c-Fos. Respiratory pattern was measured from esophageal pressure (Pes) and diaphragm electromyography (EMGdia). The obstructed breaths resulted in a prolonged inspiratory and expiratory time, an increase in EMGdia amplitude, and a more negative Pes compared with control breaths. Neurons labeled with c-Fos were found in brain stem and suprapontine nuclei, with a significant increase in c-Fos expression for the occluded experimental group compared with the control groups in the nucleus ambiguus, nucleus of the solitary tract, lateral parabrachial nucleus, and periaqueductal gray matter. The results of this study demonstrate tracheal occlusion-elicited activation of neurons in brain stem respiratory nuclei and neural areas involved in stress responses and defensive behaviors, suggesting that these neurons mediate the load compensation breathing pattern response and may be part of the neural pathway for respiratory mechanosensation.
An improved computational technique for calculating electromagnetic forces and power absorptions generated in spherical and deformed body in levitation melting devices

An improved computational technique for calculating the electromagnetic force field, the power absorption, and the deformation of an electromagnetically levitated metal sample is described. The technique is based on the volume integral method but represents a substantial refinement: the coordinate transformation employed allows the efficient treatment of a broad class of rotationally symmetrical bodies. Compound results are presented to represent the behavior of levitation melted metal samples in a multicoil, multifrequency levitation unit to be used in microgravity experiments. The theoretical predictions are compared with both analytical solutions and the results of previous computational efforts for the spherical samples, and the agreement has been very good. The treatment of problems involving deformed surfaces and actually predicting the deformed shape of the specimens should be the major contribution of the proposed method. >
The radar cross section of spherically blunted 8&#176; right-circular cones

Radar cross section measurements were made for spherically blunted 8\deg right-circular cones with nose radii of 0.037, 0.092, 0.183, and 0.366 wavelengths over a range of base diameters from 0.25 to 1.75 wavelengths.
A Massively Parallel Self-Tuning Context-Free Parser

The Parsing and Learning System (PALS) is a massively parallel self-tuning context-free parser. It is capable of parsing sentences of unbounded length mainly due to its parse-tree representation scheme. The system is capable of improving its parsing performance through the presentation of training examples.
Evolutionary patterns of codon usage in the chloroplast gene rbcL

In this study we reconstruct the evolution of codon usage bias in the chloroplast gene rbcL us- ing a phylogeny of 92 green-plant taxa. We employ a measure of codon usage bias that accounts for chlo- roplast genomic nucleotide content, as an attempt to limit plausible explanations for patterns of codon bias evolution to selection- or drift-based processes. This measure uses maximum likelihood-ratio tests to compare the performance of two models, one in which a single codon is overrepresented and one in which two codons are overrepresented. The measure allowed us to analyze both the extent of bias in each lineage and the evolution of codon choice across the phylogeny. Despite predictions based primarily on the low G+C content of the chloroplast and the high functional importance of rbcL, we found large dif- ferences in the extent of bias, suggesting differential molecular selection that is clade specific. The seed plants and simple leafy liverworts each independently derived a low level of bias in rbcL, perhaps indicating relaxed selectional constraint on molecular changes in the gene. Overrepresentation of a single codon was typically plesiomorphic, and transitions to overrep- resentation of two codons occurred commonly across the phylogeny, possibly indicating biochemical se- lection. The total codon bias in each taxon, when regressed against the total bias of each amino acid, suggested that twofold amino acids play a strong role in inflating the level of codon usage bias in rbcL, despite the fact that twofolds compose a minority of residues in this gene. Those amino acids that con- tributed most to the total codon usage bias of each taxon are known through amino acid knockout and replacement to be of high functional importance. This suggests that codon usage bias may be con- strained by particular amino acids and, thus, may serve as a good predictor of what residues are most important for protein fitness.
Management of kinked extracranial cerebral arteries.

Abstract Kinked extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries are observed in 10% to 16% of cerebral angiograms. The hemodynamic significance of some kinked carotid arteries has been shown by investigators who documented oculoplethysmographic and angiographic differences accompanying flexion, extension, or rotation changes of the neck and head. In the 3-year period ending November 1985, we performed operations on seven patients to correct six kinked internal carotid arteries and one kinked vertebral artery at the C-2 level. The final decision regarding optimal operative technique was determined during operation, after observing the relative lengths of dissected arteries, envisioning the results of the procedures selected. We performed five segmental resections and end-to-end anastomoses (one vertebral, two common carotid, and two internal carotid arteries). Transection of the internal carotid artery with reimplantation into the side of the common carotid artery was performed twice. All patients became asymptomatic up to 4 years, irrespective of head and neck positions. There were no complications or deaths in these patients. This experience suggests that arterial kinks may constitute tenable indications for operative treatment in patients with transient cerebral ischemia who lack typical stenotic or ulcerative plaques to account for their symptoms. Kinked arteries can be corrected safely and effectively by appropriate surgical procedures. (J VASC SURG 1987;6:127-33.)
New Insights into the Vacuum UV Photodissociation of Peptides

Vacuum ultraviolet laser photodissociation (UVPD) of peptide ions leads to unusual dissociation channels involving backbone C-C bond breaking. However, the molecular basis for the observed behavior is not clearly understood. We now report theoretical investigations using ab initio/density functional theory (DFT) techniques on neutral and protonated dipeptides undergoing vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) induced fragmentation via a Rydberg excitation (and/or electron detachment) and subsequent C-C bond cleavage. New experimental results on VUV photodissociation of dipeptides (protonated Ala_Arg and Arg_Ala) provide strong support for our proposed model. Our mechanism also provides a natural explanation for the presence of immonium ions that are sometimes observed in such experiments.
Inelastic Lateral-Torsional Buckling of Beam Columns

The problem of lateral-torsional buckling in beam columns is studied using an analytical approach to detect the stage at which the inception of this type of instability is imminent. The method adopted uses a forward integration scheme for solving the differential equations defining the problem. Typical results are presented in respect of an 8W31 and a 10WF89, as these have cross sections representative of thin-walled and moderately thin-walled columns, commonly used in multistory buildings. Results obtained in respect of a 14WF287, which is a thick-walled section, were found to be qualitatively similar to those in respect of a 10WF89.
Training in adult congenital heart disease.

Surgical and medical advances over the past few decades have now enabled >90% of children born with congenital heart disease (CHD) to survive until adulthood. Current estimates indicate that there are now more adults with CHD than children, with approximately 1.3 million adults living in the United
A Mathematician’s Gossip

A good teacher does not teach facts, he or she teaches enthusiasm, open-mindedness and values. Young people need encouragement. Left to themselves, they may not know how to decide what is worthwhile. They may drop an original idea because they think someone else must have thought of it already. Students need to be taught to believe in themselves and not to give up.
Radiocarbon Dates from Halfiah Gibli (Abadiyeh), a Predynastic Settlement in Upper Egypt

In 1989 and 1991, wood charcoal samples were excavated at a Predynastic settlement in Upper Egypt, Halfiah Gibli (HG). A second site, Semaineh (SH), was also investigated, but as the ceramics there were mostly from the Old Kingdom, excavations were concentrated at HG. Wood charcoal was obtained in undisturbed contexts, in association with Nagada culture potsherds and lithics, ranging in date from about 3700 BC to 3200/3100 BC. These new radiocarbon dates provide more data for the relative phases of the Nagada culture, formulated mainly from ceramic seriation.
Effect of aseptic processing on the texture of chicken meat

Abstract Breast meat containing collagen at high concentrations (spent hen, 20 to 24 mo of age) and low concentrations (broiler, 6 to 7 wk of age) was evaluated for texture following high-temperature, short-time processing at 121, 130, and 145 C in a laboratory scale processing system. Breast meat was evaluated for proximate composition, collagen content, Kramer shear texture, Warner-Bratzler shear texture, and texture profile panel characteristics. Process parameters were adjusted across all processing temperatures to obtain a theoretical 12 log10 population reduction of Clostridium botulinum spores. Aseptic processing resulted in significant moisture losses and toughening of the breast meat, which may be attributed to protein denaturation and myofibrillar shortening. Furthermore, the higher the processing temperature, the tougher and drier the meat and the lower the processing yields. Although the aseptic high-temperature, short-time process extracted and solubilized collagen, the process resulted in a tougher final meat texture. The profile panel identified seven texture characteristics that were significantly affected by aseptic processing. The total energy parameter of the Kramer shear test was significantly correlated to all seven texture characteristics identified by the panel. The results of the present study indicated that both high-temperature, short-time processing conditions and meat type significantly affected the proximate composition and textural characteristics of the finished product.
A Hybrid CPU-GPU Parallel Octree Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Approach

The gridfree octree DSMC approach is parallelized with GPGPUs using CUDA. A linear space filling Morton Z-curve is employed to represent the three dimensional octree structure in a linear array and the advantages of this implementation is discussed. The methodology for a multi-GPU, hybrid MPI-CUDA implementation, involving load balanced domain decomposition and inter-GPU communications is presented. Nearly 70-90 times speedup was achieved by the multi-GPU CHAOS solver using 8 GPUs as compared to the serial octree DSMC implementation. When compared to a single GPU, the simulation performed using 8 GPUs showed 5-6 times speedup, i.e., an efficiency of 55-75% was achieved depending on the type of flow condition being analysed. The single-GPU simulations exhibited 12-30 times speedup compared to the serial gridfree octree DSMC simulation.
Ultrathin antifouling coatings with stable surface zwitterionic functionality by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD).

Antifouling thin films of poly[N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloxyethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate] (PDDE) were synthesized via a substrate-independent and all-dry-initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) technique followed by a diffusion-limited vapor-phase reaction with 1,3-propane sultone. Coated surfaces exhibited very low absorption of various foulants including bovine serum albumin (BSA), humic acid (HA), and sodium alginate (SA), as measured with the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The fouling by humic acid was dependent on the presence of divalent cations such as Ca2+. Both depth profiling and angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements indicated that the zwitterionic groups were highly concentrated in the top ∼3 nm of the film. The contact angle measurements revealed a limited degree of surface chain reorganization upon contacting water. The dynamic contact angles remained unchanged a...
More than a corridor: use of a main stem stream as supplemental foraging habitat by a brook trout metapopulation

Coldwater fishes in streams, such as brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), typically are headwater specialists that occasionally expand distributions downstream to larger water bodies. It is unclear, however, whether larger streams function simply as dispersal corridors connecting headwater subpopulations, or as critical foraging habitat needed to sustain large mobile brook trout. Stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and a hierarchical Bayesian mixing model analysis was used to identify brook trout that foraged in main stem versus headwater streams of the Shavers Fork watershed, West Virginia. Headwater subpopulations were composed of headwater and to a lesser extent main stem foraging individuals. However, there was a strong relationship between brook trout size and main stem prey contributions. The average brook trout foraging on headwater prey were limited to 126 mm standard length. This size was identified by mixing models as a point where productivity support switched from headwater to main stem dependency. These results, similar to other studies conducted in this watershed, support the hypothesis that productive main stem habitat maintain large brook trout and potentially facilitates dispersal among headwater subpopulations. Consequently, loss of supplementary main stem foraging habitats may explain loss of large, mobile fish and subsequent isolation of headwater subpopulations in other central Appalachian watersheds.
Uninterruptible Power Supplies

Publisher Summary Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems are used to provide uninterrupted, reliable, and high quality power for these sensitive loads. Applications of UPS systems include medical facilities, life supporting systems, data storage and computer systems, emergency equipment, telecommunications, industrial processing, and on-line management systems. The static switch provides redundancy of the power source in the case of UPS malfunction or overloading. The AC line and load voltages must be in phase in order to use the static switch. This can be achieved easily by a phase-locked loop control. The main advantages of on-line UPS are very wide tolerance to the input voltage variation and very precise regulations of output voltage. In addition, there is no transfer time during the transition from normal to stored energy modes. Line-interactive UPS systems consist of a static switch, a series inductor, a bi-directional converter, and a battery bank. An optional passive filter can be added at the output of the bi-directional converter or at the input side of the load.
The Antiquarian Micro

Of Foreign Languages, Graphic and Otherwise When I wrote my first column last autumn, I had intended next to consider the subject of database programs suitable for the kind of text-intensive work characteristic of Special Collections departments. However, I am in the midst of evaluating some interesting programs in this category, and will wait to report on them, and the subject in general, until my next column. I have, however, received some queries about the use of foreign language characters on DOS-based microcomputers, and the related issues of graphics standards. While in theory the microcomputer ought to have freed one . . .
Fluorescence Line Narrowing Studies of Eu3+-Doped Silica Gel-Glasses

Broadband fluorescence and fluorescence line narrowing (FLN) spectra are presented for Eu3+ ions in Eu2O3-SiO3 and Eu2O3-Al2O3-SiO3 systems prepared by the sol-gel process. Clustering of rare earth ions in silica glass can be a limiting factor in the design and engineering of optical device materials. The addition of Al2O3 is known to help disperse rare earth ions in sol-gel silica. In order to develop a more detailed understanding of how Eu3+ is incorporated in these materials, time-resolved, laser-induced FLN studies at 77 K have been performed using a pulsed dye laser to selectively excite subsets of ions in the inhomogeneously broadened7F0↔ 5D0 manifold. Fluorescence spectra are discussed in terms of rare earth ion clustering, energy transfer, and bonding site symmetry. It is concluded that Eu3+ ions cluster in sol-gel silica and that the addition of alumina assists in dispersing Eu3+ ions.
Molecular Genetics of Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are serious psychiatric disorders that have a significant genetic component. Despite recognising this, researchers have yet to identify the specific genetic factors involved in their aetiology. Early methods, including candidate gene association studies, suggested that genetic factors in the serotonin and dopamine systems, as well as the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene, were relevant. However, sample sizes for many of these studies were small (<1000 individuals) and nonreplication frequently occurred. Furthermore, modern genomic approaches, including genome-wide association studies of thousands of individuals, have been underpowered to detect true genomic signals. Information gleaned from large-scale genetic studies of other psychiatric and medical disorders indicate that even larger sample sizes (∼20 000 individuals), as well as use of emerging genomic approaches [e.g. polygenic risk score, copy number variation, epigenetics, RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequencing and high-throughput DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequencing], in combination with environmental risk factors, are needed to fully elucidate the aetiology of eating disorders. Key Concepts Eating disorders have demonstrated a significant genetic component. Candidate gene studies have found associations between eating disorders and genetic markers in a few genes; however, these have not been consistently replicated. To date, genome-wide association studies have only been conducted for anorexia nervosa. Contemporary genomic approaches, such as polygenic risk scores and epigenetics, are rapidly becoming areas of focus. Information gathered from these genetic studies must eventually be combined with environmental risk factors in order to provide a comprehensive picture of aetiological risk for eating disorders. Keywords: eating disorders; genetics; anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa; binge eating disorder; modern genomic approaches; gene–environment interplay
Thinking like researchers: action research and its impact on novice teachers’ thinking

AbstractThis project investigated the effects of novice teachers’ responses to an action research project conducting during the student-teaching semester. This study drew on a framework that considered the participants’ process of research, practice of teaching, and identity as a researcher and utilized a qualitative, multiple case-study approach with an initial survey phase followed by interviews and document analysis of completed action research projects. Findings showed that the participants’ pre-existing identities as researchers informed their process of conducting the action research, which then had a positive impact on teaching practice if the overall research experience was positive.
Resource allocation for data-parallel computing in networks with data locality

This paper studies resource allocation for data-parallel applications in a networked computing system with data locality. Data-parallel computing tasks have two components: data and computation. To support efficient data-processing in the system, the resource allocation algorithm should jointly consider load-balancing, data transmissions and processing scheduling. In this paper, we consider a general model of a computing system where the computing system is a network represented by a graph, with nodes being computing devices or switches and edges being communication links. The data chunks stored at the nodes can be processed locally or be transmitted to other computing nodes in the network to be processed. The throughput of such a system for processing data-parallel applications is determined jointly by the computing capacity of the nodes and the communication capacity of the network, and the resource allocation algorithm should strike a right balance between computing and communication. In this paper, we propose a throughput-optimal resource allocation algorithm, which is also able to control the tradeoff between the expected amount of data transmitted and the expected number of backlogged tasks in steady state through a parameter q th . We show that the gap between the expected data transmission rate under our algorithm and the optimal value is O(1/q th ), while the expected number of total backlogged tasks is upper bounded by O(q th ).
“The Campesino Was Born for the Campo”: A Multispecies Approach to Territorial Peace in Colombia

I draw on ethnographic fieldwork with a social movement, the Peaceful Process of Reconciliation and Integration of the Alta Montana, to explore practices of peacebuilding in rural Colombia. I use a multispecies lens to interrogate the discourse of territorial peace (paz territorial), revealing the ways in which both violence and peace intertwine human and nonhuman lives and relations in the Alta Montana. Through analysis of the everyday assemblages forged between people, animals, forests, and crops, I demonstrate how the multispecies approach to peacebuilding found in the Alta Montana sharpens our understanding of the mutually reinforcing processes of violent conflict and environmental degradation. As a result, I argue that multispecies anthropological analysis also enables a capacious conceptualization of peace, one that recognizes the full life-worlds of people as they seek, in their everyday lives, to reweave—and create anew—the social and ecological fabric of their communities. [violence, displacement, multispecies, peacebuilding, Colombia]
Profiles of Language Brokering Experiences and Contextual Stressors: Implications for Adolescent Outcomes in Mexican Immigrant Families

Adolescents from Mexican immigrant families are often embedded in a challenging social environment and experience multiple contextual stressors, including economic stress, discrimination, and foreigner stress. We consider how the effects of these contextual stressors may be amplified or diminished for adolescents who function as language brokers, interpreting and mediating for their English-limited parents. Using two waves of survey data collected from a sample (N = 604 at Wave 1; N = 483 at Wave 2) of Mexican American adolescents with ages ranging from 11 to 15 (Mage = 12.41, 54% female), four distinct brokering—stress profiles were identified. Latent profile analyses revealed that with moderate levels of contextual stress, adolescents with more positive language brokering experiences (protective group) demonstrated more favorable outcomes than those with neutral language brokering experiences (moderate group) and those who did not involve themselves as frequently in language brokering activities (less-involved group). In contrast, high levels of contextual stress, coupled with more negative language brokering experiences (risk group), produced the least favorable outcomes among adolescents.
Intentionality and Corporeity

By absolute consciousness Husserl did not mean to designate simply an epistemological function; absolute consciousness is a region of reality (albeit the proto-region), an ontic existent, individualizing itself across its internal temporality as a singular ego. In addition it inheres in a body.1 This means that psychism is apperceived in the heart of Nature. But it also means that corporeity is apperceived within intentionality itself.
Writer’s Cramp

Writer’s cramp (WC) is the most common focal hand dystonia. It is characterized by abnormal, involuntary movements of the hand that occur mainly or exclusively with writing, with overflow to muscles that are not normally involved in this task. Although often regarded as a sporadic disorder that occurs in the setting of frequent writing, an underlying genetic predisposition has been demonstrated in some patients. The pathophysiology of WC is complex, and appears to involve motor and sensory systems as well as sensorimotor integration. Knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology of WC has been helpful in designing novel therapeutic approaches.
Reseña de Inmaculada SZMOLKA (ed.) (2017): Political Change in the Middle East and North Africa, Edinburg University Press, Edinburg.

Beatriz TOME (2018), Resena de Inmaculada SZMOLKA (ed.) (2017): Political Change in the Middle East and North Africa, Edinburg University Press, Edinburg en Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterraneos.
Language Semantics Driven Design and Formal Analysis for Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems: [Extended Abstract]

Typically platform specific programming models for distributed Cyber-Physical Systems provide limited portability, code reuse, rigorous verification, and synthesis. Koord is a new distributed CPS programming model and language, which treats the platform-independent decision and coordination tasks as a separate concern from platform-dependent concerns of low-level sensing, communication, and control. Koord features event-based programming, shared variables for convenient coordination across multiple agents, and interfaces defined by sensor and actuator ports for the (platform independent) application program to interface with program's environment consisting of controllers and the physical plant. We implement the executable semantics of Koord in the \K framework. The Koord framework also includes formal analysis tools on top of the semantics to enable semantics driven-verification.
Cloud Computing in Social Sciences and Humanities

Using the cloud implies purchasing time on web based virtual computers or servers. The affordability and accessibility of this level of computer power stands to revolutionize Computational Social Science and Humanities. Increasingly we live in a quantitative world. The ability to read, store, and manipulate larger and larger amounts of data is becoming a prerequisite to be on the cutting edge of research. Econometric methods utilizing big data and high performance computing may shed a new perspective on existing beliefs or unsolved puzzles in Social Sciences and Humanities. In this chapter, some of the rapidly expanding cloud computing options available to the researcher are explored. Vendors vary with respect to costs and accessibility, operating systems, and available software. Microsoft Cloud Solutions, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, and Google Cloud, to name a few, are household names which now provide cloud computing solutions. These solutions are modular services which allow the user to create the environment best suited to their needs and applications, whether that is websites, storage, or complex computational applications. Furthermore, household names in research such as Matlab have partnered with existing cloud solutions such as Amazon so that these familiar applications can easily be scaled up to analyze huge data sets. At the other end of the spectrum, some cloud solution providers provide only barebones Linux, OS X, or Windows operating systems and the researcher is given the opportunity to construct the environment which specifically meets their needs. Included are brief instructions to set up a high performance computing environment using Amazon and freely available Open Source applications such as Open Message Passing Interface and R with R Studio Server. These instructions allow the researcher to build a high performance parallel computing environment with a minimum of time or expense.
Heat transport for evaporating droplets on superhydrophilic, thin, nanoporous layers

Abstract Previous studies of droplet spreading on superhydrophilic nanostructured surfaces have demonstrated that enhanced wetting and wickability of such surfaces can produce more rapid and extensive spreading of liquid droplets. There is also ample evidence from prior studies that these types of superhydrophilic nanostructured surfaces can exhibit enhanced vaporization heat transfer performance in for droplet evaporation and pool boiling processes. This study specifically explored the mechanisms of droplet vaporization on superhydrophilic nanoporous thin layers, at a fundamental level, for conditions in which liquid viscous forces and pore capillarity forces dominate, and liquid inertia forces are low. The investigation, summarized here, experimentally explored the droplet evaporation heat transfer performance on superhydrophilic, nanoporous, thin layers on a heated metal substrate. A thermal growth process was used to fabricate a layer of ZnO nanopillars a few microns thick on a copper substrate. The resulting nanoporous layer exhibited ultra-low contact angles and high wickability. The experiments indicate that, on these surfaces, a deposited droplet undergoes an initial rapid spreading phase followed by a slower vaporization phase, which shrinks the droplet until evaporation is complete. Although droplet evaporation without bubble nucleation is the primary focus of this work, the experiments also examined the added effects of bubble nucleation on droplet evaporation at high surface superheats. Based on experimental observations and data, a model of heat transport during the evaporation process was developed. The model predictions are shown to agree well with droplet evaporation time measurements for droplets of different initial sizes and a range of surface temperatures. The experiments and model indicate that the surfaces tested enhance droplet evaporation heat transfer performance by as much as a factor of three compared to an ordinary copper surface at the same conditions. The model is also used to explore the potential for more extreme augmentation of droplet evaporation heat transfer by further enhancement of surface wetting and wickability. The results of this study provide a clearer picture of the interconnection of droplet spreading mechanisms and evaporation heat transfer for these circumstances.
INFORMS, Analytics, Research and Challenges

The profession of operations research and analytics is experiencing a period of exceptionally rapid changes. These changes are being stimulated by the availability of much greater data, increased competition for publication space, and a business environment that expects greater technical skills. This paper reviews these significant changes and various resulting challenges for the profession. It also discusses possible responses to these challenges by INFORMS, the world’s leading academic and professional society for operations research and analytics, and its members.
Stabilization of Diffractive Beam Combining Using Pattern Recognition

A novel method of measuring and controlling phase errors in a 2D diffractive beam combiner is demonstrated. Output power is stabilized to 0.7% rms by controlling intensities of uncombined side beams. © 2019 The Author(s)