cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of managed care on hospital marketing orientation.

Marketing is a central activity of modern organizations. To survive and succeed, organizations must know their markets, attract sufficient resources, convert these resources into appropriate services, and communicate them to various consuming publics. In the hospital industry, a marketing orientation is currently recognized as a necessary management function in a highly competitive and resource-constrained environment. Further, the literature supports a marketing orientation as superior to other orientation types, namely production, product and sales. In this article, the results of the first national cross-sectional study of the marketing orientation of U.S. hospitals in a managed care environment are reported. Several key lessons for hospital executives have emerged. First, to varying degrees, U.S. hospitals have adopted a marketing orientation. Second, hospitals that are larger, or that have developed strong affiliations with other providers that involve some level of financial interdependence, have the greatest marketing orientation. Third, as managed care organizations have increased their presence in a state, hospitals have become less marketing oriented. Finally, contrary to prior findings, for-profit institutions are not intrinsically more marketing oriented than their not-for-profit counterparts. This finding is surprising because of the traditional role of marketing in non-health for-profit enterprises and management's greater emphasis on profitability. An area of concern for hospital executives arises from the finding that as managed care pressure increases, hospital marketing orientation decreases. Although a marketing orientation is posited to lead to greater customer satisfaction and improved business results, a managed care environment seems to force hospitals to focus more on cost control than on customer satisfaction. Hospital executives are cautioned that cost-cutting, the primary focus in intense managed care environments, may lead to short-term gains by capturing managed care business, but may not be sufficient for long-term success and survival. Understanding consumer needs and perceptions, and using appropriate marketing strategies to ensure greater customer satisfaction and repeat business, will be among the key tasks for hospital executives in the future.
Summary of Working Group 2:. Diagnostics and Beam Manipulation

The efforts of the working group on diagnostics and beam manipulation held at the ICFA sponsored workshop, "The Physics and Applications of High Brightness Beams" are presented.
Marx, technocracy, and the corporatist ethos

Communism, in Marx' mind, did not mean simple liberation, but the economics of liberation. The realm of necessity (technē) was to become the primary field for emancipation (praxis), the latter taking form in new institutions, responsive to real socio-economic needs. In this sense, the problem of technocracy and the corporatist ethos in Marx are part of a broader discursive structure, which links the experiences of workers through the industrial revolution with the philosophies ofpraxis as they reach from Hegel through Markovic.
The influence of sections and periods on economic voting in American presidential elections: 1828–1984

Abstract Previous longitudinal econometric studies of the influence of economic events on American presidential voting have failed to explore the prospect that such influence may well have been mediated by sectional and periodic factors. The unwarranted assumption that presidential elections have always occurred in a Downsian context featuring a relatively open and competitive party system seems to account for the neglect of regions and periods in other analyses. Using the Archer and Taylor classification of presidential voting sections and a more extended time series than heretofore employed, it is shown by means of regression analysis that economic voting was an important feature of presidential voting in the North, but much less so in the South and West, from 1828 to 1940. The estimates for economic voting for the more extended period 1828 to 1984, both nationally and by section, fail to show strong evidence for economic voting following World War II. Hypotheses to explain these results are advanced.
The non-stoichiometry and the point defect structure of cuprous oxide (Cu2−δO)

A thermogravimetric study has been performed on the non-stoichiometry of polycrystalline, large-grained cuprous oxide as a function of oxygen activity at temperatures between 800 and 1200°C. The experimental results are analyzed and discussed with regard to the point defect structure of cuprous oxide in combination with literature data on cation diffusion, anion diffusion and electrical conductivity. From the experimental results for the deviation from stoichiometry it is concluded that at least two types of ionic point defects are present as majority defects in Cu2−δO.
A Content Analysis of Student/Instructor Communication via Computer Conferencing.

The focus of this study centers upon an analysis of instructor and student postings on the Electronic Forum (EF) during a one-semester undergraduate phonetics course. Sixty-one students were invited to participate in a class computer conferencing project to discuss questions about the course content and assignments, share ideas with others, and respond to comments made by their peers and the instructor. The content of each student's and instructor's posting was analyzed to determine the number and type of topics discussed. Students wrote about 340 topics in 143 postings; the instructor wrote 124 topics in 23 postings. These topics were placed in categories and analyzed with respect to the postings made during the first and second half semester. Four interactive communicative Category Clusters were identified. These Clusters show interaction trends between students and instructor and resulting accommodations made by both students and the instructor. The advantages of using an electronic forum to enhance student learning, to improve classroom activities, and to empower students to take more active roles in their learning, are discussed.
Transition Temperature Stratified Thermal Energy Storage Systems Applied to On-Demand Cooling of High Power-Density Hand-Held Electronics

A thin-slab thermal storage volume that is sandwiched between a hand-held unit’s skin and a heat spreader that is in thermal contact with the electronics is analyzed. The storage volume is assumed to be filled with a conductivity enhanced, “dry” phase change material. Three storage volume configurations are considered. Configuration I is a single phase change material transitioning at one temperature. Configuration II is a two-layer system with phase change material-1 in thermal contact with the heat spreader and phase change material-2 in thermal contact with the unit’s skin. Configuration III consists of several layers, such that the phase transition temperature varies across the volume. A finite element model is built and numerical simulations provide temperature responses for each configuration. Results show that by employing a stratification of transition temperatures, relative to a non-stratified storage volume, up to a 20% decrease in recovery time is realized. Furthermore, utilization of two or more transition temperatures results in improved temperature control.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Educational expenditures and student performance among OECD countries

Abstract Using data on educational spending for 31 OECD countries over the years 1988–2008 by level and type of expenditure, I first re-examine the so-called cost disease model on the basis of a new formulation of the model and, in so doing, provide a new implicit price deflator for educational expenditures. The cost disease effect in education is estimated to be one to two percentage points per year relative to constant prices based on the GDP deflator. Next, unlike many previous studies, I do find a positive and significant effect of secondary educational spending deflated using the traditional GDP deflator on both PISA math scores and literacy scores (both significant at the one percent level). Primary school spending is also a significant factor in explaining PISA literacy scores on the secondary school level. Somewhat surprisingly, the econometric results are weaker on the basis of the “corrected” educational deflator.
False diagnosis of subpulmonary obstruction by echocardiography in d-transposition of the great arteries

Abstract Twenty-one consecutive children (aged 3 to 14 months) with d-transposition of the great arteries were evaluated with standard M mode echocardiography at the time of hospital admission for routine preoperative cardiac catheterization. At catheterization, 6 of the 21 were found to have a systolic pressure gradient between the body of the left ventricle and the main pulmonary artery. Echocardiographic systolic anterior mitral valve motion was noted in nine patients, including five who did not have a left ventricular to pulmonary arterial systolic pressure gradient. Diastolic approximation of the anterior mitral leaflet to the septum was noted in 14 (9 without a gradient), pulmonary valve flutter was also present in 14 (9 without a gradient) and there was premature systolic pulmonary valve closure in 6 (3 without a gradient). Echographic left heart dimensions were not different in patients with a left ventricular outflow pressure gradient than in those without, but patients with systolic anterior mitral valve motion and diastolic approximation of the mitral leaflet to the septum did have smaller left ventricular and pulmonary root dimensions than did those without these echocardiographic findings. Echocardiographic findings that have been described as suggesting left ventricular outflow obstruction in patients with d-transposition of the great arteries appear to be more related to the size and configuration of the left ventricle than to the presence or absence of obstruction.
MITOMYCIN AS ADJUNCT CHEMOTHERAPY WITH TRABECULECTOMY

Preliminary experience is reported in using mitomycin to improve the prognosis in trabeculectomy operations considered otherwise likely not to succeed. The medication is applied intraoperatively during an otherwise standard trabeculectomy procedure. Surgery was considered successful if the pressure was lowered to a predetermined target level, the only vision reduction was believed to be on the basis of cataract development, and there was no progression of cupping or visual field loss. With a follow-up of 6 to 42 months, the overall success rate is 84%.
The effects of fenfluramine on appetite for palatable food in humans

SummaryStudies were carried out in 8 non-dieting subjects to assess the suppressant effects on appetite for palatable food of calories ingested 1 hour earlier in the form of liquid preloads, and whether fenfluramine (40 mg) would enhance such effects. Saliva flow rates were measured, before and when palatable food was presented, under conditions of no pre-load/no drug and under different pre-load conditions (400 kcal or 200 kcal) when subjects had receivedfenfluramineorplacebo2 hours before the presentation of palatable food. The results showed that fenfluramine enhanced the suppressant effects of liquid food on appetite for the palatable food and was apparently still effective 24 hours after administration. Resting saliva flow rate was significantly suppressed approximately 1 hour after ingestion of liquid pre-loads in comparison to flow rate on days when no pre-load was ingested.ResumeLes etudes ont porte sur 8 sujets qui n'etaient pas au regime afin de determiner l'effet inhibiteur sur l'appetit face a...
Characterization of regulatory volume decrease in freshly isolated mouse cholangiocytes

Cell volume regulation plays a vital role in many cell functions. Recent study indicates that both K+ and Cl− channels are important for the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) of cholangiocarcinoma c...
Sorption processes of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on soil in the presence of organic liquids

Soil contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) often contains organic solvents as co-contaminants or as part of the clean-up process. The rate constants for adsorption and desorption of TCDD to Norfolk loamy sand in four organic liquids have been determined from a kinetic analysis of new experimental data. Intraparticle diffusion and external mass transfer limitations played a minor role in the mechanisms of adsorption and desorption. Screening studies have also been carried out in order to determine the efficacy of 15 single organic solvents and seven solvent mixtures in TCDD removal from Norfolk loamy sand. Low-molecular weight and low-viscosity solvents removed the most TCDD during the duration of the experiment. The addition of low-molecular weight alcohols to more viscous solvents greatly increased the capacity for TCDD removal.
Green's functions in an octant for mixed problems relative to the laplace equation. II

The Green's function in an octant relative to the Laplace equation @Du(x,y,z)=0 are obtained. The boundary conditions considered involve u(x,y,z), normal derivatives of u(x,y,z), linear combinations of these functions, or a mixture thereof.
Disciplinary integration of digital games for science learning

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between theory and design in the context of creating digital games to support children's development of scientific expertise. Theoretically, we consider two frameworks: Knowledge in Pieces (or KiP) and Science as Practice (or SaP). While KiP is a theory about the structure of human knowledge, SaP is a theoretical perspective about the development of scientific expertise that emphasizes the deeply intertwined nature of conceptual development and the development of epistemic and representational practices. We then synthesize research on modeling and games from our research group and others to create a composite argument and theoretical framing for the importance of disciplinary integration in the design of digital games for science learning. We show how shifting from KiP to SaP as the underlying theoretical anchor in our designs results in shifting from focusing on conceptual integration to focusing on disciplinary integration. We first present our initial framing and design around conceptual integration. We then trace the evolution and rationale for disciplinary integration across our development and research on four game platforms. Finally, we discuss the implications and generalizability of disciplinary integration across the design of digital games for science learning.
Computer-Based Scenario Modeling: Application to Swine Industry

There are four recent trends in agriculture that affect the research and strategy environment: the industrialization of the sector, the privatization of data, the decline of government's role in the sector, and the increase in industrial partners in research. In light of the changes in the industry and their affects on the research environment, this article explores the potential for computer-based scenario modeling for agribusiness research and strategic planning. To accomplish this and drawing on the theory of organizational ecology, a prototypical model of the swine industry is developed and then tested by applying a series of exogenous shocks to the system. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Architectural support for securing application data in embedded systems

The rapid growth and pervasive use of embedded systems makes it easier for an adversary to gain physical access to these devices to launch attacks and reverse engineer of the system. Encrypted execution and data (EED) platforms, where instructions and data are stored in encrypted form in memory, while incurring overheads of encryption have proven to be attractive because they offer strong security against information leakage and tampering. However, several attacks are still possible on EED systems when the adversary gains physical access to the system. In this paper we present an architectural approach to address a class of memory spoofing attacks, in which an attacker can control the address bus and spoof memory blocks as they are loaded into the processor. In this paper we focus on the integrity of the application data to prevent the attacker from tampering, injecting or replaying the data. We make use of an on-chip FPGA, an architecture that is now commonly available on many processor chips, to build a secure on-chip hardware component that verifies the integrity of application data at run-time. By implementing all our security primitives on the FPGA we do not require changes to the processor architecture. We present that data protection techniques and a performance analysis is provided through a simulation on a number of bechmarks. Our experimental results show that a high level of security can be achieved with low performance overhead.
The Role of Light and Soil Moisture in Plant Community Resistance to Invasion by Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis)

To resist establishment by an invasive plant, a community may require one or more species functionally similar to the invader in their resource acquisition pattern. In this study, communities consisting of native winter annual forbs, non-native annual grasses, native perennials, or a combination of the two native communities were established with and without Centaurea solstitialis to determine the effect of soil moisture and light availability on plant community invasion resistance. The annual plant communities were unable to resist invasion by C. solstitialis. In the native winter annual forb community, senescence in late spring increased light penetration (>75%) to the soil surface, allowing seeded C. solstitialis to quickly establish and dominate the plots. In addition, native annual forbs utilized only shallow soil moisture, whereas C. solstitialis used shallow and deep soil moisture. In communities containing native perennials, only Elymus glaucus established well and eventually dominated the plots. During the first 2 years of establishment, water use pattern of perennial communities was similar to native annual forbs and resistance to invasion was associated with reduced light availability during the critical stages of C. solstitialis establishment. In later years, however, water use pattern of perennial grass communities was similar or greater than C. solstitialis-dominated plots. These results show that Central Valley grasslands that include E. glaucus resist C. solstitialis invasion by a combination of light suppression and soil water competition. Spatiotemporal resource utilization patterns, and not just functional similarity, should be considered when developing restoration strategies to resist invasion by many non-native species.
Is fascia lata allograft material trustworthy for pubovaginal sling repair

Abstract Objectives. In a recent publication, cadaveric fascia lata used for pubovaginal sling procedures was reported as having an early, rapid, and high failure rate. Recurrent incontinence was reported to occur from 1 week to 5 months after surgery. The study concluded that cadaveric tissue should not be used for urogynecologic procedures. Their results, however, were significantly different from what we found in clinical practice. We reviewed our series of cadaveric pubovaginal slings to determine the occurrence of rapid breakdown of cadaveric sling tissue leading to recurrent stress urinary incontinence. Methods. At our institution, since June 1998, pubovaginal slings have been performed using only cadaveric fascia lata. Because all of the failures in the aforementioned study occurred within 5 months (mean 11 weeks) of surgery, we included in our series only patients with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up to ensure a long enough follow-up period for failure of the donor tissue to occur. Duration of follow-up and current continence status was documented. Results. Twenty-six patients, with a mean follow-up of 15 months (range 12 to 20), were evaluated. Twenty-four of 26 (92%) patients used one or fewer pads per day: 20 of 26 (77%) were completely dry and 4 of 26 (15.4%) used only one pad per day. Two of 26 (7.7%) required two pads per day. Twenty-five of 26 (96%) reported being “significantly improved” and were “very pleased and satisfied” with the results of surgery. Conclusions. We found no evidence of rapid degradation of solvent-dehydrated cadaveric tissue resulting in early recurrent incontinence. We think these data support the continued use of cadaveric allograft material, especially given its intraoperative and postoperative advantages. Clearly, long-term evaluation of the durability of the cadaveric slings in comparison with autologous fascia is warranted.
From accommodation to appropriation: teaching, identity, and authorship in a tightly coupled policy context

This article explores how one specially prepared, accomplished teacher managed dilemmas that arose as she worked to enact responsive language arts instruction with English Learners in a policy context that privileged high-stakes accountability and standardization. Drawing on sociocultural learning theory, the article illustrates how the teacher’s sense of self – who she ‘wanted to be’ – informed her engagement with educational policy. Ultimately, we argue that the teacher’s identity pressed her to engage in acts of appropriation and authorship vis-a-vis the policies and policy-related tools she was asked to implement. In making this argument, we theorize an agentive and dialectical relationship between teachers’ identities and their participation in policy implementation.
Exact correction of sharply varying off-resonance effects in spiral MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging with non-Cartesian acquisition schemes suffer from blurring artifacts induced by off-resonance. Conventional algorithms for off-resonance correction are approximate in nature and assume that the off-resonance map is varying smoothly across the object. This assumption is violated in the case of susceptibility related off-resonance which is sharply varying near certain tissue interfaces. Iterative methods have been proposed for sharply varying off-resonance correction but are either computationally intense in the exact form or need approximations like time segmentation to reduce computational cost. Here a new method for accurate and computationally efficient off resonance correction using spatial domain deconvolution is presented.
A Study of Perceived Educational Needs of Casino Industry Middle Managers

The global casino entertainment industry produces $90 billion in annual revenues and employs 1.5 million people worldwide. The quantitative study of perceived casino management education needs included responses from 1,064 middle managers working in the casino entertainment industry. The Gursoy-Swanger model of modern hospitality education provides the foundation for evaluating casino management educational needs of industry professionals. Results of the study confirm that the course subjects ethics, leadership, preparation for industry employment, casino management/organization, operations analysis, internships and casino industry overview are perceived as important by casino industry professionals, matching the results of Gursoy and Swanger's research into hospitality education needs of hospitality professionals.
Identification of a novel Drosophila gene, beltless , using injectable embryonic and adult RNA interference (RNAi)

Background RNA interference (RNAi) is a process triggered by a double-stranded RNA that leads to targeted down-regulation/silencing of gene expression and can be used for functional genomics; i.e. loss-of-function studies. Here we report on the use of RNAi in the identification of a developmentally important novel Drosophila (fruit fly) gene (corresponding to a putative gene CG5652/GM06434), that we named beltless based on an embryonic loss-of-function phenotype.
Validity and legacy of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA-based parameters and isoforms in the new millennium.

follow-up routines were used in the different countries. PSA cut-off varied from 3 to 4 ng/ml among countries, with rates necessitating further testing ranging from 2.5 to 3.9 ng/ml. With average and median follow-up times of 8.8 and 9.0 yr, respectively, there were 214 prostate cancer (PCa) deaths in the screening group and 326 in the control group. These data result in an unadjusted rate ratio for death in the screening group of 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67– 0.95; p = 0.01) and an adjusted rate ratio of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.65–0.98; p = 0.04). In other words, to prevent one death from PCa, 1410 men (95% CI, 1132–1721) would need to be screened and 48 would need to be treated. In the PLCO trial, 76 639 men at 10 US study centers were included in the trial [11]. The incidence of death per 10 000 person-years was 2.0 (50 deaths) in the screening group and 1.7 (44 deaths) in the control group (rate ratio: 1.13; 95% CI, 0.75–1.70). The authors concluded that after an average 7 yr of follow-up, mortality did not significantly differ between the two groups, and therefore, in this study, screening was
Breaking Down the Barriers: Bringing Initiatives and Reality into Business Ethics Education

A new paradigm imposes special demands on business ethics education: (a) merging financial and social imperatives; (b) stemming recurrent scandals without being compliance obsessive; (c) infusing e...
Adaptive pole-zero cancellation in grinding force control

Describes the development of an adaptive force controller for the grinding process. Using a real-time grinding model an adaptive pole-zero cancellation technique is developed and implemented to reduce the grinding process variation. Real-time model parameter estimation and controller designs are implemented to achieve higher bandwidth control capability than is presently available in machine tool controllers. The results of this research have culminated in a stable adaptive force controller for grinding, and have demonstrated the potential for increasing productivity. The implementation of this adaptive pole-zero cancellation in force controlled grinding provides a superior surface following capability for fine finishing, as compared to fixed gain controllers.
Effects of Implementation Intentions on Anxiety, Perceived Proximity, and Motor Performance

Anxiety leads to exaggerated perceptions of distance, which may impair performance on a physical task. In two studies, we tested one strategy to reduce anxiety and induce perceived proximity to increase performance. We predicted implementation intentions that reduce anxiety would increase perceived visual proximity to goal-relevant targets, which would indirectly improve performance. In two studies, we induced performance anxiety on a physical task. Participants who formed implementation intentions to reduce anxiety perceived goal-relevant targets (e.g., golf hole, dartboard) as physically closer and performed better than both participants without a strategy (Study 1) and participants with only a goal to regulate anxiety (Study 2). Furthermore, perceived proximity improved performance indirectly by increasing subjective task ease (Study 2). Results suggest that implementation intentions can reduce anxiety and lead to perceived proximity of goal-relevant targets, which helps perceivers make progress on goals.
Clinicopathological and Targeted Exome Gene Features of a Patient with Metastatic Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland Harboring an ARID2 Nonsense Mutation and CDKN2A/B Deletion

We describe the presentation, treatment, clinical outcome, and targeted genome analysis of a metastatic salivary acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC). A 71-year-old male presented with a 3 cm right tail of a parotid lesion, first detected as a nodule by the patient seven months earlier. He had a right total parotidectomy with cranial nerve VII resection, right facial nerve resection and grafting, resection of the right conchal cartilage, and right modified radical neck dissection. The primary tumor revealed AciCC with two distinct areas: a well-differentiated component with glandular architecture and a dedifferentiated component with infiltrative growth pattern associated with prominent stromal response, necrosis, perineural invasion, and cellular pleomorphism. Tumor staging was pT4 N0 MX. Immunohistochemistry staining showed pankeratin (+), CD56 (−), and a Ki67 proliferation index of 15%. Upon microscopic inspection, 49 local lymph nodes resected during parotidectomy were negative for cancer cells. Targeted sequencing of the primary tumor revealed deletions of CDKN2A and CDKN2B, a nonsense mutation in ARID2, and single missense mutations of unknown significance in nine other genes. Despite postoperative localized radiation treatment, follow-up whole body PET/CT scan showed lung, soft tissue, bone, and liver metastases. The patient expired 9 months after resection of the primary tumor.
New Perspectives on British Local Government

It is both humbling and encouraging to recall notions that Americans once entertained of the British political system. Critics of F.D.R. looked enviously at the British Parliament for its reputed ability to hold the executive firmly accountable for its actions. Somewhat later, observers on both sides of the Atlantic supposed that Britain was blessed with an absence of pressure groups. Would-be reformers of the American party system further implied that British voters cast their ballots according to the content of party programs, and that party cohesion was the result of discipline imposed by a centralized party organization able to deny renomination to recalcitrant M.P.'s. Careful analyses of intra-party workings, pressure-group activity, and voting behavior have now dispelled these and other mistaken impressions, and it seems likely that the contours of our understanding of these subjects have now been established. However, additional frontiers of knowledge of the British political system remain to be charted; one of these is government at the local level.
Striatal and cortical amyloidopathy and cognitive functions in Parkinson disease at risk of dementia

29 Objectives The aim of our study was to investigate the relative prevalence of cortical and striatal amyloidopathy and relative contributions to cognitive impairment in PD. Methods We studied 62 PD subjects (46M/16F) utilizing [11C]PIB β-amyloid, [11C]DTBZ momoaminergic brain and [11C]PMP acetylcholinesterase (AChE) brain PET and neuropsychological and clinical assessments. We used [11C]PIB β-amyloid data from young to middle-aged healthy subjects (range 40-50 yrs) to define elevated [11C]PIB binding in the patients . Results Clinical variables were as following: mean age 68.9±6.4 yrs (range 55-84); mean MDS motor UPDRS 36.3±14.3 (range 15-70); mean modified HY 2.7±0.5. (1.5-4.0); mean duration of motor disease 6.5±4.7 yrs (range 0.5-20); mean MOCA 25.2±3.0 (range 15-30). Increased neocortical and striatal β-amyloid deposition were present in about 38% and 16%, respectively, in this predominantly non-demented cohort. Neocortical and striatal β-amyloid deposition co-occurred frequently (c2=19.76; P Conclusions Combined presence of striatal and cortical amyloidopathy is a more robust determinant of cognitive impairment than cortical amyloidopathy alone in PD. Research Support Supported by P01 NS015655, R01 NS070856, Department of Veterans Affairs and the Michael J. Fox Foundation.
Opposites Attract: Organic Charge Transfer Salts

A laboratory experiment is described that introduces second-year undergraduate organic chemistry students to organic electronic materials. The discovery of metallic conductivity in the charge transfer salt tetrathiafulvalene tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF–TCNQ) is a landmark result in the history of organic electronics. The charge transfer interaction is not only relevant to real-world applications, it also has pedagogical value related to understanding redox chemistry, aromaticity, and conjugation. In this laboratory experiment, students carry out a solution phase synthesis of TTF–TCNQ from the molecular precursors TTF and TCNQ. The product is characterized by infrared spectroscopy. Characteristic changes in absorption frequency are correlated with increased aromatic character and observable lengthening of the nitrile bond. In an optional extension, students experimentally verify the great difference in conductivity between the charge transfer salt and the neutral parent components.
Status of Funding of Women's Intercollegiate Athletics in AIAW Charter Member Colleges and Universities

(1973). Status of Funding of Women's Intercollegiate Athletics in AIAW Charter Member Colleges and Universities. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 44, No. 8, pp. 11-16.
Glass-Transition and Side-Chain Dynamics in Thin Films: Explaining Dissimilar Free Surface Effects for Polystyrene vs Poly(methyl methacrylate)

Despite having very similar bulk properties such as glass-transition temperature (Tg), density, and fragility, polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) exhibit characteristically different Tg depression in free-standing ultrathin films due to free surface effects. Here we explain this difference using our recently established chemistry-specific coarse-grained (CG) models for these two polymers. Models capture the dissimilar scaling of Tg with free-standing film thickness as seen in experiments and enable us to quantify the size of the regions near free surfaces over which chain relaxation exhibits differences from bulk. Most interestingly, vibrational density of states (VDOS) analysis uncovers a relationship between the amplitude of side-chain fluctuations, associated with side-chain flexibility and Tg-nanoconfinement. We discover that increasing backbone to side-chain mass ratio in CG models increases the amplitude of side-chain fluctuations and suppresses the free-surface effect on Tg. We s...
Some Simple Singular and Mixed Probability Distributions

(1969). Some Simple Singular and Mixed Probability Distributions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 297-299.
Dependability of results in conference abstracts of randomized controlled trials in ophthalmology and author financial conflicts of interest as a factor associated with full publication

Discrepancies between information in conference abstracts and full publications describing the same randomized controlled trial have been reported. The association between author conflicts of interest and the publication of randomized controlled trials is unclear. The objective of this study was to use randomized controlled trials in ophthalmology to evaluate (1) the agreement in the reported main outcome results by comparing abstracts and corresponding publications and (2) the association between the author conflicts of interest and publication of the results presented in the abstracts. We considered abstracts describing results of randomized controlled trials presented at the 2001–2004 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology conferences as eligible for our study. Through electronic searching and by emailing abstract authors, we identified the earliest publication (journal article) containing results of each abstract’s main outcome through November 2013. We categorized the discordance between the main outcome results in the abstract and its paired publication as qualitative (a difference in the direction of the estimated effect) or as quantitative. We used the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology categories for conflicts of interest: financial interest, employee of business with interest, consultant to business with interest, inventor/developer with patent, and receiving ≥ 1 gift from industry in the past year. We calculated the relative risks (RRs) of publication associated with the categories of conflicts of interest for abstracts with results that were statistically significant, not statistically significant, or not reported. We included 513 abstracts, 230 (44.8 %) of which reached publication. Among the 86 pairs with the same main outcome domain at the same time point, 47 pairs (54.7 %) had discordant results: qualitative discordance in 7 pairs and quantitative discordance in 40 pairs. Quantitative discordance was indicated as 20 %, and unclear in 14, 5, 14, and 7 pairs, respectively. First authors reporting of one or more conflicts of interest was associated with a greater likelihood of publication (RR = 1.31; 95 % CI = 1.04 to 1.64) and a shorter time-to-publication (log-rank p = 0.026). First author conflicts of interests that were associated with publication were financial support (RR = 1.50; 95 % CI = 1.19 to 1.90) and one or more gifts (RR = 1.42; 95 % CI = 1.05 to 1.92). The association between conflicts of interest and publication remained, irrespective of the statistical significance of the results. More than half the abstract/publication pairs exhibited some amount of discordance in the main outcome results, calling into question the dependability of conference abstracts. Regardless of the main outcome results, the conflicts of interests of the abstract’s first author were associated with publication.
Failure Prediction of Integrated Avionic System

The avionic system is developing towards integration,which brings a new challenge to failure prediction technology.Integration features of the avionic system were analyzed and structures for failure prediction of avionic products were presented,including model-based structure,data driven structure and integrated prediction structure.Common features of these structures and their typical application in the field of aviation were discussed.On the basis of which,and according to requirement of integration features and the applicability of structures for failure prediction of avionic products,some problems facing the failure prediction of integrated avionic system were analyzed,and preliminary solutions were proposed.
MR imaging artifacts. Challenges and solutions.

SUMMARY A wide variety of artifacts is routinely encountered on MR images. This article reviews the cause, appearance, diagnostic effect, and available remedies for the artifacts that are most frequently observed on MR images and are of greatest clinical significance. Combined with routine preventive maintenance of imaging equipment, consistent quality control, and appropriate selection of imaging parameters, awareness of the manifestations of these artifacts will allow image quality and diagnostic interpretation to be optimized.
Fluorophore-Conjugated Chimeric Anti-CEA Antibodies for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of Gastrointestinal (GI) Tumors

Negative surgical margins are necessary to prevent recurrence in cancer surgery. However, with current technology in many cases negative margins are impossible due the inability of the surgeon to visualize the margin. In the present chapter, we review the use of fluorophore-labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibodies for fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) in nude mouse models of human colorectal and pancreatic cancer in order to achieve negative margins. Anti-CEA was conjugated with fluorophores of visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Orthotopic primary and metastatic human pancreatic and colorectal tumors in nude mouse models were readily visualized with fluorescence imaging after administration of conjugated anti-CEA. The fluorescence signal was detectable 30 min after systemic antibody delivery and remained stable for 2 weeks, with minimal in vivo photobleaching after exposure to standard operating room lighting. There was greatly improved ability to resect labeled tumor tissue using FGS. Comparison of different fluorophores demonstrate differences in sensitivity and photobleaching in vivo. Our results indicates that fluorophore-labeled chimeric anti-CEA antibodies enable enhanced FGS of colorectal and pancreatic cancer when CEA expression is present and that the choice of fluorophore significantly affects the signal intensity in the labeled tumor. The technologies described herein have the potential to change the paradigm of surgical oncology enable significantly improved outcomes.
A Dynamic Memory Management Scheme for Shared Memory Multiprocessors

In contrast to message-based systems, shared memory multiprocessors allow for (both time and space) efficient data sharing, and thus are more suitable for execution models that exploit medium grain parallelism. Automatic and efficient management of the limited globally shared address space allows larger programs to run in shorter time. In this paper, we propose a hybrid heap-stack mechanism, called ELPS (Explicitly Linked Paging Stack), for dynamic allocation and deallocation of space. ELPS allows the space of each parallel task to expand and contract dynamically, resulting in much more efficient sharing of space than static partitioning. The distributed link storage scheme allows a higher degree of scalability than the centralized table approach.
Partitions for Circle Endomorphisms

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a large class of endomorphisms of the circle by a process analogous to Sinai's and Bowen's construction of Markov partitions for basic sets of diffeomorphisms. However, the partition is constructed on the whole manifold and symbolic dynamics is then used to locate the nonwandering set. Under certain technical assumptions which seem to be quite general, an endomorphism of the circle not conjugate to an expanding map has a nonwandering set that can be factored onto an invariant set for the unilateral shift of symbolic dynamics. The assumptions discussed in the chapter allow the endomorphisms to have singularities, provided they are well behaved.
Characters and Character Change in Aeschylus: Klytaimestra and the Furies

While it is widely agreed that psychological realism is not a primary objective of Aeschylean dramaturgy, it remains somewhat uncertain whether any psychological interpretation can be valid for this sort of drama. Do Aeschylean stage figures possess ‘dramatic character’ at all? The answer probably depends upon a definition of ‘character’. Even in recent years, some critics have continued to assume that psychological analysis will not work at all unless at least the primary dramatic figures have been given a consistent and self-aware personality, whose motivations will bear rationalist scrutiny to the last detail. It was this notion of character that T. Wilamowitz used as a lever to overthrow traditional psychological interpretations of Sophoclean drama. But T. Wilamowitz's own touchstone of ‘dramatische Wirkung’ is so broad — and can be attached to such trivial matters — that it is virtually worthless as a tool of criticism. Use of such a vague criterion can lead, for example, to the assumption that anything anomalous or unexpected must somehow be ‘effective’.
P070 A public health perspective on child labour

Background Children’s work that is harmful, hazardous and carried out in poor working conditions can create, exacerbate or perpetuate an intergenerational cycle of poverty, malnutrition and social disadvantage. Early and inappropriate child work, complicated by illiteracy, can lead to a broader deterioration of public health. An examination of work in the context of ILO Convention 182 must take into account both the conditions of the workplace as well as the social situation in which it takes place. Silicosis is likely a highly prevalent problem that is exacerbated by tuberculosis. Methods This presentation will illustrate hazardous work in brick kilns and stone quarries. It will be illustrated using photographs taken by the presenter during the last 10 years. Work will illustrate the importance of considering both the short-and long-term consequences of hazardous exposures to children. Silicosis and silico-tuberculosis will be used as illustrative examples. Results Children are commonly found in brick factories, granite quarries, and granite crushing facilities, all of which are permeated with silica dust. All have been described as placing workers at significant risk of developing silicosis. In granite crushing facilities the prevalence of silicosis may be as high as 75 percent. Conclusion The dose response relationship between level of exposure and the development of silicosis appears to be linear with silicosis developing within a few months or over a lifetime. The changes that occur with silicosis are most likely if the onset of exposure is at a relatively early age and exposure continues. Even after exposure to silica stops the disease may progress. Individuals who begin work at an early age are likely to suffer from silicosis at a correspondingly early age.
Communism Contained: Resourcing the Korean War

Following the end of World War Two, the world had reason to believe human beings had had enough of armed conflict; however, politics, as always, got in the way. Instead of dealing with fascist regimes, the democratic nations of the world found themselves facing off against their erstwhile wartime communist allies. However, a new wrinkle had been introduced into the equation with the potential to destroy the world as they knew it: atomic weapons. Any future confrontations between East and West would have to carefully factor this condition into their respective foreign and military policies—miscalculation could end in disaster. Meagher chronicles how the introduction of these weapons also significantly changed military resourcing policies, particularly in the United States.
Cultivating Textbook Alternatives From the Ground Up: One Public University’s Sustainable Model for Open and Alternative Educational Resource Proliferation

This note from the field reviews the sustainability of an institution-wide program for adopting and adapting open and alternative educational resources (OAER) at Kansas State University (K-State). Developed in consult of open textbook initiatives at other institutions and modified around the needs and expectations of K-State students and faculty, this initiative proposes a sustainable means of incentivizing faculty participation via institutional support, encouraging the creation and maintenance of OAER through recurring funding, promoting innovative realizations of “educational resources” beyond traditional textbooks, and rallying faculty participation in adopting increasingly open textbook alternatives. The history and resulting structure of the initiative raise certain recommendations for how public universities may sustainably offset student textbook costs while also empowering the pedagogies of educators via a more methodical approach to adopting open materials.
Bend Them but Don't Break Them: Passionate Workers, Skeptical Managers, and Decision Making in Organizations

This paper explores the useful but delicate role of managerial skepticism in hierarchical knowledge-based organizations. In these settings, the decision-maker principal seeks advice from managers, who instruct expert frontline workers to acquire information. Given unverifiable information quality and private-valued agents, moral hazard and adverse selection arise with workers and managers, respectively. Pairing extremely passionate workers with moderately skeptical managers alleviates both problems; however, the degree of managerial skepticism must be finely tuned: too little skepticism fails to improve workers' incentives, while too much skepticism destroys workers' incentives altogether. Case studies from the high-tech industry support these insights.