cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A treatise on the "mammogram of the heart".

The enormous toll that coronary heart disease takes on our population merits serious consideration of all possible approaches toward early detection and prevention. It is pedestrian to the knowledgeable epidemiologist to state that coronary disease will kill more than twice as many women this year than will breast cancer. Coronary disease kills men at an even greater rate. If we had an effective preventive strategy involving early screening for one disease, why not find and apply a similar strategy for the other? Its vocal proponents have touted the coronary computed tomographic scan for calcification as the mammogram of the heart. However, unlike the breast mammogram, there are no studies showing that those tested fare any better than those who forego testing, in other words, that the test actually improves prognosis. Furthermore, the results regarding the prognostic value of computed tomographic screening are far from completely conclusive and will not be until the ongoing Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) trial (available at: http://140.142.220.3/mesa/) is completed.
Interorganizational Engagement in Collaborative Environmental Management: Evidence from the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Task Force

Collaboration is commonly used to deliver public services that reach beyond the individual capacities of independent organizations. Although much of the literature in the fields of collaborative governance has offered theoretical insights to explain how stakeholders might initially enter into collaborative processes or how the design of collaborative processes can support continued stakeholder participation over time, the literature has not effectively studied what factors might drive actors to engage one another in a particular conversation or discussion during a collaborative process, nor what factors affect whether engagement is cooperative or conflictual. We fill this gap through a more “micro-level” view of collaborative engagement in a study of the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Task Force, a collaborative arrangement involving representatives from 14 federal, tribal, state, and local agencies, charged with advising and coordinating the efforts in South Florida to restore and recover the Florida Everglades. We use data from coded meeting minutes of discussions among the participants in the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program Task Force over a 5-year time frame and demonstrate that the types of issues under discussion and the actors involved in discussion can either foster or inhibit engagement and conflict during dialogue. Our results have important implications for the development of a stronger theory of collaborative engagement in interorganizational partnerships.
On creep of unidirectional fiber composites with fiber damage

Abstract The roles of broken fibers in the creep of continuous fiber reinforced composites are studied theoretically. The unidirectional fiber composite is modeled using a cylindrical cell consisting of a single broken fiber and a shell of the fiber material embedded in an elastic-power law creeping matrix. The time-dependent creep behavior of the composite is calculated using finite elements; both longitudinal and transverse loads are considered. It is shown that when fibers are broken, the increase in the overall creep strain of the composite and the axial stress in the intact fibers can be significant. It is also demonstrated that applied transverse tension can reduce the composite creep strain and the normal stress in the fibers; the opposite is true with applied transverse compression. Matrix plasticity is found to have very limited effect on the creep behavior of the composite. The accuracy of the McLean formula for undamaged composite is also examined.
Right Ventricular function in aortic and mitral valve disease.

Radionuclide ventriculography of the right heart was performed in 56 patients within two weeks of cardiac catheterization using a gated first-pass technique. Thirteen patients served as normal controls, and 43 patients had severe aortic or mitral valve disease or both, 35 of whom subsequently underwent valve surgery. Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and the presence of central venous reflux was determined and related to catheterization findings. In normal patients, RVEF was 60 ± 7 percent (mean ± 1 SD). In patients with valvular disease, the RVEF was below the normal range in only 2/14 (14 percent) when right ventricular peak systolic pressures were less than 50 mm Hg, compared with 16/29 (55 percent) with an RVEF below normal when right ventricular peak systolic pressures greater than 50 mm Hg (P
Political cost incentives for earnings management in the cable television industry

Abstract This study tests political costs theory by examining the cable television industry during periods of Congressional scrutiny. Earnings management is measured using discretionary accruals, and data are consistent with managerial incentives to mitigate the effects of political scrutiny and potential industry reregulation. Tests are also done using within-sample comparisons of firms. Firms for which proposed regulations are expected to be more harmful have greater income-decreasing accruals, and for some tests, firms for which cable television operations are more important have greater income-decreasing accruals. Test results are robust to the inclusion of control variables for firm performance and size.
Effects of N,N′-Dibutylurea on Photosynthetic Electron Transport Reactions in Isolated Chloroplasts

Abstract N,N′ -dibutylurea, a secondary, accumulative degradation product of the fungicide benomyl, was investigated to determine its effects on the electron transport system in isolated chloroplasts. Dibutylurea was found to inhibit photosynthetic oxygen evolution, photo-induced reduction of ferricyanide, and reduction of NADP. It produced a sigmoidal dose response for inhibition of ferricyanide reduction with an I 50 of 167 μM. Other symmetric alkylureas were found to only weakly inhibit ferricyanide reduction regardless of the dose applied. Dibutylurea produced a dose response for electron transport inhibition when applied to KCN/Hg-inhibited chloroplasts and inhibited NADP reduction in the presence of 1 μM DBMIB and a TMPD bypass. These results suggest dibutylurea inhibits photosynthetic electron transport in a manner similar to known PSII inhibitors, with the possible site of action in PSII on the reducing side of the Q B protein complex.
Food-restriction polydipsia in hamsters

Adult golden hamsters restricted to 1 g of food per day developed polydipsia and polyuria. Unlike the rabbit, the hamster did not show cessation of polydipsia when given additional NaCl and did not show how high urinary loss of Na+. From three to 10 days were required for the development of a vigorous polydipsia on this schedule.
Similarity Analysis for Transpired Turbulent Boundary Layers Subjected to External Pressure Gradients

The problem of transpired turbulent boundary layers with and without pressure gradient has been studied using similarity analysis of the equations of motion. A blowing parameter has been obtained from the similarity analysis, which includes the imposed vertical velocity at the wall
Secondary currents in straight channels

The existence of straight uniform flows without secondary current is studied. It is shown that laminar flows of this kind can remain without secondary currents independent of cross section and velocity distribution. For turbulent flows it is shown that secondary flows will develop spontaneously if in any part of the section the expression for ∂/∂t as given in Eq. (19) is not vanishing.
Effect of age and race on quality of life in young breast cancer survivors.

Abstract Background Given their early age at diagnosis, young breast cancer survivors (YBCSs) face issues that differ widely from their older counterparts. Patients and Methods We mailed a survey to 2209 patients who were ≤ 45 years at the time of breast cancer (BC) diagnosis. Each survey was composed of the Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors instrument, Menopause Symptom Scale, and questions aimed at obtaining pertinent background information. Results One thousand ninety patients completed the survey. Mean age at time of diagnosis was 39.5 years; median years from diagnosis was 6.6 years. Distress related to vaginal dryness ( P = .0002) and pain from intercourse ( P = .0014) was significantly higher in patients who were 10 years from diagnosis. In the area of financial problems, black women had greater distress than did white women ( P = .0010). Compared with white women, Hispanic women had worse family distress scores ( P = .0028) and summary cancer-specific scores ( P = .0076). Patients > 10 years from diagnosis had less sexual interest ( P = .003) than did women who were closer to diagnosis. Women ≥ 40 years at diagnosis had significantly lower sexual interest ( P = .0016) than did women Conclusion Even in comparison to stage and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, race, age at diagnosis, and time from diagnosis have significant long-term effects on QOL after treatment for BC.
Autopolymerizing silastic for interpositional arthroplasty

A technique describing the application of an autopolymerizing silastic material for the fabrication of a customized interpositional alloplastic implant for TMJ gap arthroplasty has been presented. The implant is easily stabilized, shows no adverse tissue reaction, and remains undisplaced under function. The implant is quickly constructed and accurately adapted to the bony architecture of the temporal bone and condylar segments.
386 TSH HYPERSECRETION AND TSHα AND TSHβ SUBUNIT MEASUREMENTS IN NEPHROPATHIC CYSTINOSIS

We have previously reported partial pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone in cystinosis (J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 51:1262, 1980). In 10 of these same patients and 3 others we measured basal serum concentrations of T4, T3, TSH, TSHα and TSHβ. In cystinotics, mean concentrations of T3 (204 ± 9 SEM ng/dl) and TSH (19 ± 5 μU/ml) were elevated compared to age matched controls but mean T4 (9.1 ± 0.7 μg/dl) was normal. In 7 patients the TSHα was elevated beyond the normal range (> 1.8 ng/ml). TSHβ levels were minimally increased in 2 patients and were normal in 11 others. All patients with elevated TSHα had increased TSH levels and the molar ratio of TSHα to TSH (2.2 ± 0.5) in their serum was equivalent to that of normal children. All cystinotics with increased TSHα were 5-10 years of age with moderate to severe renal impairment; some younger patients had abnormally elevated TSH but all had normal TSHα. Kouridis et al. reported high TSHα in patients with pituitary tumors but not in patients with isolated pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone (J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 45:534, 1977). In contrast, most of the cystinotics with pituitary resistance had high TSHα levels. The extent to which renal impairment or other factors may account for the increased TSHα levels in cystinotics remains to be defined.
Behavioral and physiological plasticity: rapid changes during social ascent in an African cichlid fish.

Abstract In many vertebrates, reproduction is regulated by social interactions in which dominant males control access to females and food. Subordinate males that displace dominant individuals must rapidly adopt behavioral and physiological traits of the higher rank to gain reproductive success. To understand the process of phenotypic plasticity during social ascent, we analyzed the temporal expression pattern of dominance behaviors and circulating androgen levels when socially-suppressed males of an African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni ascended in status. These experiments tested a prediction of the ‘challenge hypothesis’ that, during periods of social instability, male androgen levels are higher than during socially stable times. We found that socially and reproductively suppressed males perform territorial and reproductive behaviors within minutes of an opportunity to ascend in status, and that animals switch from initial expression of territorial behaviors to more reproductive behaviors during territory establishment. Following this rapid response, social stability may be achieved within 1–3 days of social ascent. Consistent with predictions of the ‘challenge hypothesis’, circulating 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels were elevated within 30 min following social opportunity, coincident with increased aggressive behavior. However, territorial behaviors and serum 11-KT levels were then dissociated by 72 h after social ascent, suggesting either rapid social stability and/or increased physiological potential for androgen production. This behavioral and physiological plasticity in male A. burtoni suggests that perception of social opportunity triggers a suite of quick changes to facilitate rapid transition towards reproductive success, and reveals important features of social ascent not previously recognized.
Role of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activation in regulating rat submandibular mucin secretion

Abstract The extent of activation of rat submandibular gland cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) was determined in vitro using dispersed cells to assess the involvement of this enzyme in submandibular mucin secretion. cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation, as determined by activity ratio method, was markedly increased following β-adrenergic receptor activation. 0.5 M NaCl was required in the homogenization buffer for stabilization of the hormonally activated cAMP-dependent protein kinase. A role for cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation in regulating mucin secretion was strongly suggested by the following: (1) the kinase activity ratio increased rapidly after β-adrenergic receptor stimulation; (2) dose-response relationship of the kinase activation following β-adrenergic receptor activation correlated with isoproterenol induced mucin release; (3) termination of β-adrenergic mediated mucin secretion caused a rapid decrease in the kinase activity ratio; (4) dibutyryl cyclic AMP stimulation caused an increase in the kinase ratio; whereas (5) pure cholinergic and pure α-adrenergic receptor stimulation had no effect on endogenous kinase activity. Although cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation may not be the only regulator of mucin secretion, these data suggest an important regulatory role for this kinase activation during rat submandibular mucin release.
Formation of machine cells and part families in cellular manufacturing: an experimental study

Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental study on machine-cell and part-family formation based on linear integer programming models using three definitions of similarity coefficients. Two criteria, similarity score and number of exceptional elements, are used for evaluating the performance of the optimization models, solution procedures, and definitions of similarity coefficients. The results provide guidelines for choosing the appropriate definition of similarity coefficients and solution sequence for machine-cell and part-family formation.
Determination of Ultratrace Amounts of Copper and Cadmium in Seawater by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Flow-Injection Semi On-line Preconcentration

Abstract Methods are described for the determination of ultratrace amounts of copper and cadmium in seawater by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with flow-injection, microcolumn preconcentration. A new type of C 18 column loaded with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (sodium-DDC) was used to extract copper and cadmium from seawater as the DDC chelates. The analytical effects of the pH of the mixture of the sample and sodium-DDC solutions and the concentration of the chelating reagent were studied. Sodium-DDC-loaded columns and unloaded C 18 columns with different shapes and volumes were compared. To determine copper in seawater, a simple aqueous calibration was made with a mixture of palladium and magnesium nitrate as a matrix modifier, while for cadmium no matrix modifier was necessary. This method required only small seawater volumes, 600 and 400 μl for the determination of copper and cadmium respectively, with preconcentration factors of 15-fold for copper and 10-fold for cadmium. Detection limits for the preconcentration of aqueous solutions of copper and cadmium were 0.024 and 0.004 μg liter −1 (3σ), respectively. Results for determinations of copper and cadmium in National Research Council of Canada, CASS-2, Nearshore Seawater Reference Material showed no significant differences between the certified values and the measured values, based on Student′s t test at the 95% confidence level. The relative standard deviations of the various measurements varied between 2 and 8%.
Ultra-Thin UHF Broadband Antenna on a Non-Uniform Aperiodic (NUA) MetaSurface

i»?A new concept to design ultrathin directional broadband antennas using a nonuniform aperiodic metasurface is introduced. The study and design of the NUA metasurface show that, by employing a decreasing taper for both the metasurface patch and their interelement spacing, broad impedance and pattern bandwidths can be attained. Experimental results show that, with a total thickness of 0.04 of the free space wavelength (corresponding to the lowest frequency of operation), an octave bandwidth can be attained, which is significantly larger compared with existing designs on uniform mushroom electromagnetic band-gap structures.
Relevance ranking in Geographical Information Retrieval

The study of relevance is one of the central themes in information science where the concern is to match information objects with expressed information needs of the users. Despite substantial advances in search engines and information retrieval (IR) systems in the past decades, this seemingly intuitive concept of relevance remains to be an illusive one to define and even more challenging to model computationally [5, 13]. Geographical information retrieval extends and advances traditional IR methods with a spatial (or geographical dimension) of document representation and relevance measures.
When your computer needs a lawyer

Possible liability for negligence, for other torts (such as slander of credit) and for liability under theories of express or implied warranty (guarantees) are discussed, and legal complications are explained, so that users, operators, owners, and leasors of computers may be alerted to potential legal problems. Focus is also on troublespots in contracting for data processing services, in automating record keeping operations, in deciding whether or not to automate certain operations, and in complying with statutes and regulations relating to record keeping. Information is given on patents, copyrights and trade secret protection for programs, and the problem of using copyrighted material in information storage and retrieval systems, including the pending copyright and patent revision bills.
A Tragedy Arising from Success

The historian and macrosociologist Georgi Derluguian of America's Northwestern University has shared with Ekspert his opinion of the book The Siberian Curse: How Communist Planners Left Russia Out in the Cold and his view of the problem of the geographical distribution of industrial capacity and labor resources in Russia.
Lidar aerosol backscatter measurements: systematic, modeling, and calibration error considerations

Sources of systematic, modeling, and calibration errors that affect the interpretation and calibration of lidar aerosol backscatter data are discussed. The treatment pertains primarily to ground-based pulsed CO2 lidars that probe the troposphere and are calibrated using hard calibration targets. However, a large part of the analysis is relevant to other types of lidar system such as lidars operating at other wavelengths; CW focused lidars; airborne or earth-orbiting lidars; lidars measuring other regions of the atmosphere; lidars measuring nonaerosol elastic or inelastic backscatter; and lidars employing other calibration techniques.
An improved method for the quantitative analysis of lipid classes via thin-layer chromatography employing charring and densitometry

Abstract A procedure for the quantitative analysis of lipid classes by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) via charring and densitometry in which the effect of unsaturation is eliminated by hydrogenation is described. The sample is hydrogenated in ethanol at room temperature with the Adams catalyst. Quantitative analysis is carried out by fractionation of the sample on thin-layer plates and analysis of charred spots via densitometry. Elimination of unsaturation provides more uniform charring properties and simplifies the selection of reference standards when required. The method is demonstrated on standard mixtures of reference compounds.
Myoperitoneal Microvascular Free Flaps in Dogs: An Anatomical Study and a Clinical Case Report

The purpose of the anatomical study was to identify potential myoperitoneal microvascular free flaps, in dogs, that are based on a single artery and vein. The angiosomes of the right deep circumflex iliac artery and left phrenicoabdominal (cranial abdominal) artery were evaluated in six medium-sized canine cadavers. The right deep circumflex iliac artery and left phrenicoabdominal (cranial abdominal) artery were injected with a mixture of barium and latex (equal parts). The entire right and left transversus abdominis muscles were dissected from the abdominal wall and radiographed. The angiograms of the deep circumflex iliac artery showed poor arborization of the vessels within the transversus abdominis muscle in all six cadavers. The angiograms of the phrenicoabdominal (cranial abdominal) artery showed consistent filling of the vascular bed of the cranial half of the transversus abdominis muscle flap in all six dogs. The vascular pedicle lengths and the diameter of the arteries and veins of both the deep circumflex iliac and phrenicoabdominal (cranial abdominal) myoperitoneal free flaps were found to be acceptable for microvascular anastomosis. The deep circumflex iliac flap was unacceptable because of inadequate vascular perfusion. The cranial abdominal artery had a consistent, large branch that supplied the cranial half of the transversus abdominis muscle, thereby making a myoperitoneal flap supplied by this vessel a potentially useful free flap. An 8-year-old male, neutered, mixed-breed dog was evaluated for possible repair of a large defect of the hard palate. Previous operations, using local tissue flaps, had been unsuccessful. A myoperitoneal free flap, based on the right cranial abdominal artery, and consisting of the cranial portion of the transversus abdominis muscle, was used successfully to reconstruct the hard palate. Migrating epithelium from the edges of the wound covered the myoperitoneal flap by 10 weeks after surgery. Therefore, the cranial abdominal myoperitoneal free flap can be considered for reconstruction of intra-oral defects that cannot be repaired using conventional local flap techniques.
Markovian queueing networks in a random environment

We study a Markovian queueing network in which the arrival rates, routing probabilities and service rates depend on an underlying Markov chain. Based on time-reversibility and balance equations, we show that under certain conditions, the steady-state distribution of the queue-length process is of product form.
Nanocrystalline Ni coatings strengthened with ultrafine particles

In this study, nanocrystalline Ni powders and thermally sprayed coatings, containing ultrafine AlN particles, were synthesized and characterized. The results indicated that the presence of AlN particles in the powders drastically decreased the dimension of agglomerates formed by cryomilling and increased the surface roughness of the agglomerates. The AlN phase was broken down into ultrafine particles of approximately 30 nm in size. These particles were dispersed in the Ni matrix and enhanced the development of a nanocrystalline structure in the Ni matrix during cryomilling. Selected-area diffraction patterns, obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray mapping with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirmed the presence of AlN particles in the coatings. The presence of AlN particles also led to an increase in the amount of NiO phase that was distributed in the coating, in the form of ultrafine, round particles. AlN particles increased the microhardness of the Ni coating by approximately 60 pct. Indentation-fracture results also indicated that the fine, dispersed AlN particles raised the apparent toughness of the Ni coating. The synthesized Ni coatings containing ultrafine AlN particles were characterized as equiaxed nanocrystalline grains with an average size of 24 nm, in which twins were observed. The increase in microhardness resulted from both grain refinement and the presence of ultrafine particles. The latter played the primary role in strengthening.
Enthalpy and Momentum Fluxes during Hurricane Earl Relative to Underlying Ocean Features

Using dropsondes from 27 aircraft flights, in situ observations, and satellite data acquired during Tropical Cyclone Earl (category4 hurricane), bulk air‐sea fluxesof enthalpy and momentumare investigated in relation to intensity change and underlying upper-ocean thermal structure. During Earl’s rapid intensification (RI) period,oceanheatcontent(OHC)variabilityrelativetothe268Cisothermexceeded90kJcm 22 ,andseasurface cooling was less than 0.58C. Enthalpy fluxes of ;1.1kWm 22 were estimated for Earl’s peak intensity. Daily sea surface heat losses of 26:560:8, 27:861:1, and 12:360: 7k Jcm 22 were estimated for RI, mature, and weakening stages, respectively. A ratio CK/CD of the exchange coefficients of enthalpy (CK) and momentum (CD) between 0.54 and 0.7 produced reliable estimates for the fluxes relative to OHC changes, even during RI; ar atioCK/CD 51 overestimated the fluxes. The most important result is that bulk enthalpy fluxes were controlled by the thermodynamic disequilibrium between the sea surface and the near-surface air, independently of wind speed. This disequilibrium was strongly influenced by underlying warm oceanic features; localized maxima in enthalpy fluxes developed over tight horizontal gradients of moisture disequilibrium over these eddy features. These regions of local buoyant forcing preferentially developed during RI. The overall magnitude of the moisture disequilibrium (Dq 5 qs2qa )w as determined by thesaturation specifichumidityat sea surface temperature (qs)rather than by thespecific humidity of the atmospheric environment (qa). These results support the hypothesis that intense local buoyant forcing by the ocean could be an important intensification mechanism in tropical cyclones over warm oceanic features.
Neuregulin1 signaling promotes dendritic spine growth through kalirin.

The biological functions of the NRG1 (Neuregulin-1) and ERBB4 genes have received much recent attention due to several studies showing associations between these genes and schizophrenia. Moreover, reduced forebrain dendritic spine density is a consistent feature of schizophrenia. It is thus important to understand the mechanisms whereby NRG1 and erbB4 modulate spine morphogenesis. Here we show that long-term incubation with NRG1 increases both spine size and density in cortical pyramidal neurons. NRG1 also enhances the content of AMPA receptors in spines. Knockdown of ERBB4 expression prevented the effects of NRG1 on spine size, but not on spine density. The effects of NRG1 and erbB4 on spines were mediated by the RacGEF kalirin, a well-characterized regulator of dendritic spines. Finally, we show that environmental enrichment, known to promote spine growth, robustly enhances the levels of erbB4 protein in the forebrain. These findings provide a mechanistic link between NRG1 signaling and spine morphogenesis.
Investigation of Response Changes in the GRE Revised General Test

Research on examinees’ response changes on multiple-choice tests over the past 80 years has yielded some consistent findings, including that most examinees make score gains by changing answers. This study expands the research on response changes by focusing on a high-stakes admissions test—the Verbal Reasoning and Quantitative Reasoning measures of the GRE revised General Test. We analyzed data from 8,538 examinees for Quantitative and 9,140 for Verbal sections who took the GRE revised General Test in 12 countries. The analyses yielded findings consistent with prior research. In addition, as examinees’ ability increases, the benefit of response changing increases. The study yielded significant implications for both test agencies and test takers. Computer adaptive tests often do not allow the test takers to review and revise. Findings from this study confirm the benefit of such features.
Assumed Holocene Highstands, Gulf of Mexico: Basic Issues of Sedimentary and Landform Criteria--DISCUSSION

Record high mid and late Holocene relative sea levels, significantly above the current sea level have been widely documented in certain areas of the Australo-Pacific region, Brazil (Lessa et. al. 2000), and parts of Africa and India that were not characterized by tectonic uplift and/or glacio-isostatic rebound. Such elevated sea levels are yet to be reliably identified on our Gulf and Atlantic shores. Radically departing from traditional Gulf of Mexico sea-level curves, Morton et al. (2000) now suggest recurring highstands throughout the entire second half of the Holocene Epoch. Their findings echo earlier ideas in the same vein (see Otvos 1995, 1997, 1999). However, a detailed analysis of several lines of evidence presented by Morton et al. raises serious doubts about these conclusions. Morton et al. accept the position of beach-ridge summits as indicative of higher-than-present elevations. Thus, seaward-declining beach ridge summits on Bolivar Peninsula, Galveston Island, and other coastal areas of Texas in their view reflect late Holocene sea levels that fell from their highest elevations. Although beach ridges are of wave-constructed (berm ridge), foredune, or composite origins (Otvos 2000), Morton et al. fail to distinguish adequately among these categories by sediment and landform analysis. The problem is that under favorable circumstances, wave-built berm ridges may be accurate markers of ancient sea levels or lake levels. Foredunes, on the other hand, aggrade to varying supratidal elevations, rising several meters above the associated high-tide level. For this reason, summit elevations of relict foredunes can not provide precise data on corresponding sea level (Otvos 1995). ### Foredune Ridges Foredune ridges often overlie, mask, and bury wave-built berm ridges (Beal and Shepard 1956). Because sand is usually readily available for wind transport on most Gulf shores, the upper interval in most beach ridges tends to be of eolian origin. Except when wave-built …
Can intervention in inositol phosphate signalling pathways improve therapy for cystic fibrosis

Airway epithelial cells from cystic fibrosis (CF) individuals cannot secrete adequate Cl- through cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator, and their Na+ channel (ENaC) activity is increased so that excessive Na+ and water is absorbed from the lumen. These aberrant transport activities can, at least partly, be compensated by pharmacologically increasing the activities of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs). The therapeutic value of this approach is currently being examined in clinical trials of candidate CF drugs such as INS-37217 (Inspire Pharmaceuticals) and Moli1901 (Lantibio, Inc.). This review argues that these drug development programmes will be helped if one can fully understand how the CaCCs are inhibited by inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(3,4,5,6)P4), so that there can be pharmacological intervention in this process. Furthermore, genes that encode enzymes controlling Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 metabolism should be viewed as impacting upon CaCC activity; this, in turn, may influence the severity of the CF condition. Expression profiling of genes that regulate inositol phosphate metabolism may also illuminate variability in patient response to treatment regimens that target CaCCs. Compounds have been developed that can activate CaCCs by antagonising their inhibition by Ins(3,4,5,6)P4. One member of this drug family (INO-4995; Inologic) was recently shown to inhibit ENaC, thereby reducing fluid absorbtion by airway epithelial cells.
Aggregating regression procedures to improve performance

A fundamental question regarding combining procedures concerns the potential gain and how much one needs to pay for it in terms of statistical risk. Juditsky and Nemirovski considered the case where a large number of procedures are to be combined. We give upper and lower bounds for complementary cases. Under an $l_1$ constraint on the linear coefficients, it is shown that for pursuing the best linear combination of $n^\tau$ procedures, in terms of rate of convergence under the squared $L_2$ loss, one can pay a price of order $O$(log $n/n^{1-\tau})$ when $0 < \tau < \frac{1}{2}$ and a price of order $O$((log $n/n)^{\frac {1}{2}}$ when $\frac{1}{2} \leq \tau < \infty$. These rates cannot be improved or essentially improved in a uniform sense. This result suggests that one should be cautious in pursuing the best linear combination, because one may end up paying a high price for nothing when linear combination in fact does not help. We show that with care in aggregation, the final procedure can automatically avoid paying the high price for such a case and then behaves as well as the best candidate procedure.
Some Application of Digital Techniques in TV Receivers

Until comparatively recently the concept of using digital methods in consumer equipment was dismissed as impractical, unnecessary and prohibitively expensive. New developments in semiconductor technology, transmission systems and FCC regulations have brought about a situation where digital techniques are now not only economically and technically feasible but also necessary. Some of the factors involved include the availability of complex MOS LSI (Large Scale Integration) devices, the National Bureau of Standards time code transmission system and the UHF tuning parity regulations. This paper will endeavor to discuss these factors and how they may affect future TV receiver design.
Repeated intranasal cocaine administration: lack of tolerance to pressor effects

Three healthy adult male volunteers were allowed to self-administer 96 mg or 4 mg (a dose without measurable effects) of inhaled cocaine approximately once every 35 min during experimental sessions lasting up to 6 h. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure and self-report of drug effects were measured. After inhaling, on average, four doses of 4 mg, subjects voluntarily ended the session. Five out of the six sessions of 96 mg cocaine availability, however, were terminated due to consistent elevated diastolic blood pressure (DP), rather than by subject request. During 96 mg sessions, HR and self-report data either rapidly reached an asymptote or showed a slow rate of increase. Blood pressure, on the other hand, increased throughout the session, generally to the point where the session had to be terminated. These findings suggest the possibility that the rate of development of tolerance to the effects of cocaine may vary as a function of the dependent variable. In addition, the consistent increase in pressor effects may well be a mechanism for the increased cardiovascular toxicity reported for cocaine abusers.
DETECTION OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM TYPE F USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a portion of the Clostridium botulinum type F toxin gene. An 1137-bp fragment was amplified from 11 different strains of type F C. botulinum with primers derived from the published sequence of type F strain no. 202. This fragment was not amplified from the DNA of C. botulinum types A, B and E, or from other clostridial organisms examined. When used as a hybridization probe, the 1137-bp PCR-generated fragment generated from one of the type F strains (the proteolytic strain type F Langeland) hybridized to the PCR products from all other type F toxin-producing strains tested. Portions of fragments amplified from the type F Langeland strain were sequenced. The sequence of this strain was found to exhibit approximately 3% variation from the published sequence of the non-proteolytic type F strain no. 202. Primers designed to pair with the regions of maximum sequence variation between strain 202 and the Langeland strain gave amplification products only with DNA from type F strains that exhibited the same proteolytic properties as the strain from which the primer sequences were derived. These findings underscore the need to consider variations in sequence when designing oligonucleotide probes and PCR primers in order to avoid false negative results.
Oppositional and activist new media: remediation, reconfiguration, participation

Over the last decade, the major firms and cultural institutions that have dominated media and information industries in the U.S. and globally have been challenged by people adopting new technologies to intervene and participate in mainstream media culture. In this paper key genres and features of oppositional and activist new media are described and cases are presented, and their implications for participatory design are briefly outlined.
Digital Simulation of Static Var System Transients

This paper describes digital simulation of stAtic AR system transients. Methods are described for simultaneous digital simulation of thyristors, their gate pulse generating circuit, the regulating circuit, and the power system. Results are presented showing a voltage regulator's response to voltage changes and faults.
Mass Smallpox Vaccination and Cardiac Deaths, New York City, 1947

In April 1947, during a smallpox outbreak in New York City (NYC), >6,000,000 people were vaccinated. To determine whether vaccination increased cardiac death, we reviewed NYC death certificates for comparable periods in 1946 and 1948 (N = 81,529) and calculated adjusted relative death rates for the postvaccination period. No increases in cardiac deaths were observed.
Density of states in impure unconventional superconductors

Abstract Impurity averaging is normally used to treat the low-temperature transport of unconventional superconductors. Users of this method often make an assumption which is normally not valid: a density of states which is symmetric around the chemical potential. This is overly restrictive and can lead to incorrect low-temperature properties.
Overview of an architectural approach to the development of the Johns Hopkins Hospital distributed clinical information system

The Johns Hopkins Hospital has initiated an ambitious program to apply modern technologies to the development of a new, comprehensive clinical information system. Since many components of a system exist and since the JHH management is decentralized, a distributed, networked system is being built. To properly accomplish this task an architectural basis for strategic systems planning was developed. This paper reviews briefly the layered architectural approach.
The Influence of Cardiovascular Disease on Health Related Quality of Life in Men With Prostate Cancer: A 4-Year Followup Study

Purpose: Presence of comorbid conditions has consistently been associated with less aggressive treatment and worse overall survival in men with prostate cancer. However, little is known about the impact of comorbidity on health related quality of life outcomes, which may help men and their physicians facing decisions on primary treatment.Materials and Methods: We evaluated patterns of health related quality of life in men with both prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease during 4 years of followup in a cohort of 475 prostate cancer survivors. We measured generic and disease specific health related quality of life at diagnosis and 11 times afterward. Repeated measures analyses with mixed modeling were used to examine changes in health related quality of life in subjects with cardiovascular disease and compare outcomes with those of an age, stage and treatment matched sample without cardiovascular disease.Results: Men with cardiovascular disease had worse baseline physical health related quality of life ...
Sex-role self-concept measures and marketing: A research note

This paper reviews the sex-role self-concept measures developed before and after the 1970s used in marketing and consumer behavior research. The three most commonly used measures have been: CPI-Fe in studies before 1971; PAQ between 1976–1978; BSRI from 1978-present. Marketing studies have generally found that (1) biological sex is more influential than psychological sex traits, and (2) high masculinity is more influential than femininity traits. Socio-economic changes during the 1970s, such as women's participation in the labor force and the shift from a manufacturing to a service economy, suggest future directions for gender research in the marketing areas of product, price, distribution, and promotion.
Sibling species and cryptic speciation in the Brachionus plicatilis species complex (Rotifera)

An attempt is made to identify sibling species within the Brachionus plicatilis complex (Rotifera). Allozyme and morphological data for nine strains from all over the world are provided. Although the analysis of morphological data classified individuals from nine strains into two groups, cluster analysis using genetic distance data obtained from allozyme data revealed at least three groups. A male choice design is described for the first time in rotifers and was used to test for male mating preferences among sympatric strains belonging to three distinct species. The results suggest that the B. plicatilis complex is actually composed of more than three sibling species.
Hard-copy needs for modern radiation therapy treatment planning and delivery

Modern radiation therapy planning depends heavily on computer- generated graphics for the display of anatomical images and for the design and display of beam placement. Hardcopy output of the planning results are a vital part of the patient's permanent record. The types of graphics involved include gray-scale images acquired from computerized x-ray tomography and other imaging modalities. These images are used to aid in localizing the volume to be treated as well as neighboring anatomy. This presentation will provide a summary of the types of images used for radiation therapy planning and an analysis of the current and near future hardcopy requirements.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Application of exchange perturbation theories to the delta-function model of H+2

Exchange perturbation theories applied to delta function model of molecular hydrogen ion, discussing EL-HAV second order energy at large internuclear separations
Plant genetics shapes inquiline community structure across spatial scales.

Recent research in community genetics has examined the effects of intraspecific genetic variation on species diversity in local communities. However, communities can be structured by a combination of both local and regional processes and to date, few community genetics studies have examined whether the effects of instraspecific genetic variation are consistent across levels of diversity. In this study, we ask whether host-plant genetic variation structures communities of arthropod inquilines within distinct habitat patches ‐ rosette leaf galls on tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima). We found that genetic variation determined inquiline diversity at both local and regional spatial scales, but that trophic-level responses varied independently of one another. This result suggests that herbivores and predators likely respond to heritable plant traits at different spatial scales. Together, our results show that incorporating spatial scale is essential for predicting the effects of genetically variable traits on different trophic levels and levels of diversity within the communities that depend on host plants.
Trisomy 9 mosaicism and XX sex reversal

We report on a case of a phenotypic male infant who was referred to the genetics service due to dysmorphic features and congenital cardiac anomalies. Dysmorphic features included low-set, posteriorly rotated ears with squared, simple helices, midface hypoplasia, a broad nasal root with wide nasal alae, small mouth, micrognathia, short neck, overlapping fingers, rocker-bottom feet, prominent heels, and hypoplastic toenails. The phallus was normal and no testes were palpable in the scrotal sac. Cardiac anomalies included tricuspid atresia and a ventricular septal defect. The karyotype was 46,XX. Diagnostic microarray demonstrated evidence for trisomy 9 mosaicism, metaphase FISH revealed trisomy 9 on 7% of cultured cells, and interphase FISH analysis of a peripheral blood smear showed trisomy 9 in 78% of the cells examined. This is the first reported case of XX sex reversal in a patient with trisomy 9 mosaicism.
Re-membering the Tribe: Networks of Recovery in Rex Nettleford's Katrina

Rex Nettleford’s Katrina , performed by Jamaica’s National Dance Theatre Company, projects both the un/natural disaster that befell North America’s Gulf Coast in 2005 and the ways in which the Greater Caribbean has transformed experiences of bondage, marginalization, and suffering into a culturally affirmative creative impulse.
Effect of Total Body X-Ray Irradiation on the Blood of Female Single Comb White Leghorn Chickens

ABSTRACT THE chief objective of this investigation has been to determine how different cell types, found in the blood of female, Single Comb White Leghorn chickens, are affected by low total-body irradiations. Included in this objective has been a study of the effect of the age of the chicken on the degree of severity of the response, and on the rate of recovery. The following measurements were made on the blood: hemoglobin in grams per 100 cubic centimeters; hematocrit and buffy coat in percentage; and the number of red blood cells, thrombocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, heterophils, eosinophils, and basophils per cubic millimeter of blood. The same chickens that served as material in these studies on blood were used also to determine the effect of irradiation on the livability and production of chickens, and on the fertility and hatchability of the eggs produced. The results from this phase of the project have . . .
Solvent isotope effects on NMR spectral parameters in high-spin ferric hemoproteins: an indirect probe for distal hydrogen bonding

Abstract The influence of solvent isotope composition on 1 H-NMR resonance position and linewidth of heme methyls has been investigated for a variety of high-spin ferric hemoproteins for the purpose of detecting hydrogen-bonding interactions in the heme cavity. Consistenly larger hyperfine shifts and paramagnetic linewidths in 2 H 2 O than 1 H 2 O are observed for metmyoglobins and methemoglobin possessing a coordinated water molecule. The analysis of the dynamics of labile proton exchange in sperm whale metmyoglobin, and the absence of any isotope effects in the five-coordinate Aplysia metmyoglobin, indicate that the significant axial modulation of heme electronic structure by solvent isotope is consistent with arising from distal hydrogen-bonding interactions. The presence or absence of similarly large isotope effects on shifts and linewidths in other hemoproteins, depending on the presence of a bound water in the distal heme pocket, suggests that this isotope effect can serve as a probe for the presence of such bound water. The absence of any detectable isotope effect on either shifts or linewidths in resting-state horseradish peroxidase supports a five-coordinate structure with bound water absent from the vicinity of the iron.