cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peter Elbow. Vernacular Eloquence: What Speech Can Bring to Writing

As Peter Elbow embarks on his fifth decade as a central contributor to the national conversation on writing pedagogy, his new book—Vernacular Eloquence: What Speech Can Bring to Writing—is at once ...
Sequential estimation of linear models in distributed settings

In this paper, we consider the problem of distributed sequential estimation of time invariant parameters in a network of cooperative agents. We study a system where the agents quantify their respective beliefs in the unknown parameters by approximations of the posteriors of the parameters with multivariate Gaussians. At every time instant each agent carries out three operations, (a) it receives private measurements distorted by additive noise, (b) it exchanges information about its belief in the estimated parameters with its neighbors, and (c) it updates its belief with the new information. Since we consider distributed processing in the network, it is challenging to provide an optimal strategy where the agents update their believes using the Bayes' rule in every iteration. In this work, instead, we propose a method which does not process the data based on Bayes theory and yet allows the agents to reach asymptotically the optimal Bayesian belief held by a fictitious fusion center. We provide convergence analysis of the method and demonstrate its performance by simulations.
Semi- and Fully Self-Organised Teams

Most modern companies realise that the best way to improve stability and earning in the global, rapidly changing world is to be innovating and produce software that will be fully used and appreciated by customers. The key aspect on this road is personnel and processes. In the paper we review self-organised teams proposing several new approaches and constraints ensuring such teams’ stability and efficiency. The paper also introduce a semi-self organised teams, which are in the shortterm time perspective as the same reliable as fully self-organised teams and much simpler to organise and support.
Systemic exchangeability of enteral leucine: relationship to plasma flux.

The exchangeability of enterally infused leucine within the systemic compartment was estimated in fasted and fed rats using L-[1-14C]leucine as a tracer. The experimental design consisted of enteral and parenteral feedings with intravenous or intragastric tracer infusions. During continuous intragastric feeding, only 73 +/- 6% (SE) of the intragastric leucine tracer infusion was accounted for in the systemic circulation. When comparing intravenous vs. intragastric tracer, the estimate of the contribution of protein breakdown to plasma leucine flux was 6 +/- 1 (SE) mumol.h-1.100 g-1 and 18 +/- 3 (SE) mumol.h-1.100 g-1 (P less than 0.01), respectively, for the two routes of administration. Correction of enteral input (either isotope or total leucine), by a factor of 27% for first-pass extraction, eliminated all significant differences in plasma leucine kinetics. Of the 27% of enterally infused tracer not appearing systemically, only 3% could be accounted for in newly synthesized protein in the liver. The remainder is hypothesized to represent first-pass utilization of leucine in intestinal protein synthesis and other metabolic pathways in the splanchnic bed. In contrast, systemic appearance of enteral leucine was essentially complete in the fasted rats, indicating less splanchnic metabolism of leucine in this state. These data indicate that significant error can result in estimating the contribution of endogenous protein breakdown to plasma leucine flux during feeding if the systemic exchangeability of dietary leucine is not considered.( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
Barriers to HIV Medication Adherence: Examining Distinct Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Women Living with HIV Who Experienced Childhood Sexual Abuse

Experiencing sexual violence in childhood or adolescence is highly prevalent among some women living with HIV, often resulting in anxiety and depression symptoms in adulthood. Anxiety and depression have been associated with HIV medication nonadherence, yet little research has assessed distinct components of anxiety and depression as risk factors of HIV medication nonadherence. The current study examined distinct symptom components of anxiety and depression as predictors of HIV medication non-adherence among women living with HIV and childhood sexual abuse enrolled in a coping intervention. This secondary analysis included a sample of 85 women living with HIV and childhood sexual abuse and being prescribed antiretroviral medication who completed measures on anxiety, depression, and medication adherence. Results from a logistic regression analysis suggest that distinct components of anxiety may be related to medication nonadherence among this population. Targeted mental health interventions for this population may increase adherence to antiretroviral medication.
Optimum amplitude and phase control for an adaptive linear array using a genetic algorithm

Phase-only adaptive nulling cannot generate nulls at symmetric locations about the main beam, and it has a slower convergence rate than amplitude and phase adaptive nulling. Phase-only nulling places a null at one angle, and it causes the sidelobe at the symmetric location to go up. The amplitude and phase adaptive nulling with a genetic algorithm (GA) overcomes these problems. The performance of amplitude and phase adaptive nulling with a GA are compared with that of phase-only adaptive nulling with a GA. In addition, the best bit setup of amplitude or phase adaptive nulling with a GA is found in terms of the convergence speed and null depths when the interference is incident at various locations-single, adjacent, symmetric and non-symmetric about the main beam. The 32 element half wavelength spaced linear array is used and simulated, and the power of the symmetric, non-symmetric and adjacent interference are symmetric.
Tracking-Cuff System for Beat-to-Beat Recording of Blood Pressure

A system is described for the automatic beat-to-beat tracking of blood pressure (BP) based on the detection of Korotkoff sounds. Upon each detection, a discrete adjustment in cuff pressure is made prior to the next cardiac cycle. In comparison with other continuous tracking systems, digital control allows for estimation of systolic BP based on precise knowledge of cuff pressure at each heart beat. Simultaneous recordings of intra-arterial pressure (radial artery) and systolic pressure measured with the tracking system were made in 4 subjects during 1-min trials of resting, paced respiration, and mental arithmetic. Correlations of the paired measures of intra-arterial and cuff pressure for 27 trials varied from .46 to .90 (median = .72). The standard error of estimate of intra-arterial systolic BP varied from 1.8 to 6.3 mmHg (median = 3.6). The system can be used without discomfort to track systolic BP for 60 and 120 sec in experiments involving repeated cuff inflations. Critical features and advantages of the tracking-cuff system for blood pressure measurement and biofeedback are discussed.
Stochastic simulation of reactive separations in capillary electrophoresis.

A stochastic (Monte Carlo) simulation is used to investigate thermodynamic and kinetic contributions from the reversible A ↔ B reaction in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The effects of equilibrium constant, rate constant, and electrophoretic mobility on the molecular zone profiles and the corresponding statistical moments are evaluated. As the reaction approaches steady state, the velocity of the zone is governed by the equilibrium constant and the electrophoretic mobilities of the reacting molecules. When the equilibrium constant is less than unity, the mean zone velocity is more similar to that of the reactant A. Conversely, when the equilibrium constant is greater than unity, the velocity is more similar to that of the product B. The extent of zone-broadening and asymmetry at steady state is dependent upon the equilibrium constant, the characteristic reaction lifetime, and the electrophoretic mobility difference between reacting molecules. If all other parameters are held constant, the plate height is greatest and skew is least when the equilibrium constant is unity. The plate height increases linearly with the characteristic reaction lifetime and electrophoretic mobility difference, whereas the skew is independent of these parameters. These conclusions have important implications for the elucidation of thermodynamic and kinetic information from experimental data.
Work and life away from work: Predictors of faculty satisfaction

As one aspect of a study on faculty career development, relationships between work and life away from work were explored for 112 faculty members. The sample, from one department in the humanities and one in the natural sciences and from two professional schools, was stratified by academic rank and sex. The study employed in-depth interviews followed by questionnaires. Results of regression analyses indicated that both aspects of work and life outside of work were related to work satisfaction; likewise, work as well as nonwork conditions were associated with satisfaction in life away from work. Second, work and aspects of life away from work exerted indirect effects on life satisfaction. Finally, and unlike the general population, academics appeared to experience a high degree of “spillover” between work and life away from work.
Density‐dependent recruitment structures a heterogeneous distribution of herbivores among host plants

A growing body of evidence indicates that plants can influence the survival and reproduction of the insect herbivores they host via both herbivore density-dependent and density-independent processes. A remaining challenge is identifying how density-dependent and density-independent processes in herbivores contribute to the distribution of herbivores in natural populations. I tested which herbivore recruitment parameters—the intrinsic rate of increase, carrying capacity, or shape of density dependence—contributed to variance in the distribution of a gall-making fly among individuals of its host plant by experimentally manipulating herbivore density on plants in the field. I used model selection to determine the relationships between herbivore demographic parameters and the natural, pre-experimental pattern of herbivore abundances. The naturally occurring pattern of herbivore abundances before the experiment covaried positively with the herbivore carrying capacity, a parameter inversely related to the stren...
Endovascular reconstruction with the Neuroform stent as monotherapy for the treatment of uncoilable intradural pseudoaneurysms.

Objective Intradural pseudoaneurysms have a malignant natural history and can be difficult to treat if parent vessel deconstruction is not feasible. These lesions often involve a long arterial segment and lack a defined saccular component that would safely accommodate the introduction of embolization coils. The current report describes the successful endovascular treatment of these lesions using a strategy of Neuroform stent reconstruction. Methods A retrospective review of the prospectively maintained Neuroform databases from our two institutions identified all intracranial aneurysms treated with the Neuroform stent alone, without embolization coils. The clinical charts, procedural data, and angiographic results were reviewed. Results Over a 38-month study period (10/02-2/06), 266 aneurysms were treated with the Neuroform stent. Of these, 10 were small "uncoilable" intradural pseudoaneurysms associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. These lesions were treated using a strategy of endovascular stent reconstruction of the diseased vascular segment with one or more Neuroform stents (without concomitant coil embolization). Seven pseudoaneurysms were treated in the context of acute or subacute subarachnoid hemorrhage, and three were associated with a remote history of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Periprocedural complications occurred in two patients (clinically silent, intraprocedural thromboembolic event successfully treated with intra-arterial abciximab, symptomatic postprocedural stent thrombosis with successful thrombolysis, and excellent neurological recovery). Both complications occurred in patients with ruptured aneurysms and could be attributed to inadequate platelet inhibition at the time of the initial procedure. Follow-up conventional angiographic examinations were available for all 10 patients with pseudoaneurysms (1-18.5 mo; average, 9.0 mo). In nine cases, the aneurysms improved at follow-up, with either complete (n = 5) or near complete (n = 4) resolution. In one case, short-term follow-up (1 mo) demonstrated no significant change. No patient has rehemorrhaged after treatment. Conclusion Endovascular Neuroform stent reconstruction represents an optimal strategy for the management of intradural pseudoaneurysms that require a constructive treatment strategy and are too small to accommodate the introduction of embolization coils. Nine out of 10 patients in the current series treated with this strategy demonstrated some degree of endovascular remodeling with either complete (n = 5) or partial (n = 4) angiographic resolution at follow-up. No rehemorrhages were encountered. Adequate antiplatelet therapy, even in the setting of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage, is prerequisite for the avoidance of thromboembolic complications.
Preparation and characterization of [(LL)Cl2Mo]2(μ-SPr)2 compounds with Prn-propyl and LLPrSCH2CH2SPr and Et2PCH2CH2PEt2. Further examples of CS bond cleavage and oxidative addition across an MoMo quadruple bond

Abstract Two dimolybdenum(III) complexes with edge-sharing bioctahedral geometries have been synthesized and structurally characterized by three-dimensional, single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Both [(PrSCH 2 CH 2 SPr)Cl 2 Mo] 2 (μ-SPr) 2 ·0.5CH 2 Cl 2 and [(Et 2 PCH 2 CH 2 PEt 2 )Cl 2 Mo] 2 (μ-SPr) 2 where Pr is n-propyl and Et is ethyl (hereafter referred to as 1 and 2 , respectively) crystallize in the monoclinic system with two formula units per cell ( C2 / m and P 2 1 / c , respectively). The MoMo bond distances of 2.682(6) A for 1 and 2.769(1) A for 2 are characteristic of MoMo double bonds. Bond lengths and angles are internally consistent and the van der Waals interactions are normal. Utilizing cone angle calculations, a ‘ligand profile’ describes the steric bulk about the phosphorus atoms in 2 looking down the MoP bonds. The resulting maximum half cone angles, θ/2, are 62±1.0°. Compound 1 was prepared by a reaction involving carbon-sulfur bond cleavage, and separately, by a reaction involving oxidative addition of PrSSPr across the MoMo quadruple bond in Mo 2 Cl 4 (PrSCH 2 CH 2 SPr) 2 Compound 2 was prepared from compound 1 by ligand substitution.
Equivalence and Gauge in the Planck-Scale Aether Model

Following the 19th century program by Dirichlet, Helmholtz, Thomson, and Hertz to obtain a completely kinematic interpretation of classical mechanics by the nonlinear Euler equations, an attempt is made to interpret the gauge and equivalence principles hydrodynamically in the framework of the Planck aether model.
An update on inflammatory breast cancer

Inflammatory breast cancer is one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer. Once considered to be a uniformly fatal disease, treatment of this entity has evolved significantly over the last two decades. In this article, we review the epidemiology, pathology, biologic underpinnings, radiologic advances, and treatment modalities for inflammatory breast cancer. Updates in surgical therapy, medical oncologic therapy and radiation therapy are reviewed. Emphasis is on cutting edge information regarding inflammatory breast cancer. The management of inflammatory breast cancer is best served by a multidisciplinary team. Continued research into molecular pathways and potential targets is imperative. Future clinical trials should include evaluation of conventional therapy with targeted therapies.
A hyper-text tutorial markup language

Due to experience with a Web-based C programming tutorial, we have learned of the need for an authoring system for such tutorials. Here we describe an extension of HTML we call Hyper-Text Tutorial Markup Language (HTTML) and a translator that takes an HTTML file and produces the corresponding HTML files and CGI script sources.
Tacaribe Virus Causes Fatal Infection of An Ostensible Reservoir Host, the Jamaican Fruit Bat

Tacaribe virus (TCRV) was first isolated from 11 Artibeus species bats captured in Trinidad in the 1950s during a rabies virus surveillance program. Despite significant effort, no evidence of infection of other mammals, mostly rodents, was found, suggesting that no other vertebrates harbored TCRV. For this reason, it was hypothesized that TCRV was naturally hosted by artibeus bats. This is in stark contrast to other arenaviruses with known hosts, all of which are rodents. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted experimental infections of Jamaican fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis) to determine whether they could be persistently infected without substantial pathology. We subcutaneously or intranasally infected bats with TCRV strain TRVL-11573, the only remaining strain of TCRV, and found that low-dose (10(4) 50% tissue culture infective dose [TCID(50)]) inoculations resulted in asymptomatic and apathogenic infection and virus clearance, while high-dose (10(6) TCID(50)) inoculations caused substantial morbidity and mortality as early as 10 days postinfection. Uninoculated cage mates failed to seroconvert, and viral RNA was not detected in their tissues, suggesting that transmission did not occur. Together, these data suggest that A. jamaicensis bats may not be a reservoir host for TCRV.
Specific-heat anomaly and phase boundary for the spin-glass--paramagnet transition in CuMn

Measurements on 2790-at.-ppm CuMn between 0.3 and 30 K and in fields to 75 kOe show a small, field-dependent specific-heat anomaly that is, apart from magnitude, in qualitative agreement with recent theoretical predictions for the spin-glass transition. The results support the approximate validity of mean-field theory for real spin-glasses, and, indirectly, the reality of the predicted phase transition. The field dependence of the entropy is compared with the Parisi-Toulouse projection hypothesis.
Empirical Dynamic Modeling of Friction Stir Welding Processes

Current friction stir welding (FSW) process modeling research is mainly concerned with the detailed analysis of local effects such as material flow, heat generation, etc. These detailed thermomechanical models are typically solved using finite element or finite difference schemes and require substantial computational effort to determine temperature, forces, etc., at a single point in time, or for a very short time range. Dynamic models describing the total forces acting on the tool throughout the entire welding process are required for the design of feedback control strategies and improved process planning and analysis. In this paper, empirical models relating the process parameters (i.e., plunge depth, travel speed, and rotation speed) to the process variables (i.e., axial, path, and normal forces) are developed to understand their dynamic relationships. First, the steady-state relationships between the process parameters and the process variables are constructed, and the relative importance of each process parameter on each process variable is determined. Next, the dynamic characteristics of the process variables are determined using recursive least-squares. The results indicate the steady-state relationship between the process parameters and the process variables is well characterized by a nonlinear power relationship, and the dynamic responses are well characterized by low-order linear equations. Experiments are conducted that validate the developed FSW dynamic models.
A Hemodynamic Study of Left Ventricular Aneurysm

Thirteen patients with left ventricular aneurysm due to coronary heart disease were studied by left heart and coronary sinus catheterization, including cineventriculography and measurement of ventricular mechanics and energetics at rest, and in some subjects, during either isoproterenol infusion or supine leg exercise. Eight patients had an aneurysm estimated to comprise greater than 20% of the left ventricular surface area, associated with increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume and pressure and mean systolic force. Average isometric rate of pressure rise and mean fiber shortening velocity and distance were uniformly decreased. Five patients had an aneurysm, estimated to comprise less than 15% of the left ventricular surface, associated with normal or nearly-normal left ventricular end-diastolic volume and pressure and mean systolic force. Average isometric rate of pressure rise was normal, but fiber shortening velocity and distance were moderately depressed. Stroke output and cardiac output were...
Health hazards and control of an epoxy resin operation.

(1958). Health Hazards and Control of an Epoxy Resin Operation. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 258-260.
Differences in response to a chemical carcinogen within species and clones of the livebearing fish, Poeciliopsis

Freshwater viviparous fishes of the genus Poeciliopsis are evaluated as a model for testing water-borne carcinogens. The unique property of this model lies in the clonal form of reproduction of some of these fishes. Interspecific hybrids between P.monacha and P.lucida occur in nature as all female 'species' which produce only female offspring and transmit the P.monacha genome intact as a single linkage group. Without sacrificing the integrity of the wild P.monacha genome, a naturally occurring 'hemi-clone' can be brought into the laboratory and rendered isogenic in the next generation by providing an inbred strain of P.lucida as the male parent. The genetic mechanism of P.monacha-lucida hybrids provides a tool for duplicating wild genomes from heterogeneous populations of these fishes for broad and continuous investigation. In the present study susceptibility to induction of liver tumors is compared in inbred strains of two species Poeciliopsis lucida and P.monacha, and among nine P.monacha-lucida hybrid clones exposed to diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Incidence of fish with liver tumors was significantly higher in P.lucida M61-31 (89.0%) than in P.monacha strains S68-4 (18.9%) and S68-5 (36.8%) and the nine hybrid clones of P.monacha-lucida wherein tumors occurred in a graded series (15.6 to 66.7%). Tumors were not found in any untreated fish reared as controls. The incidence of treated fish with large tumors (occupying more than one eighth of the liver) was significantly higher in P.lucida (72.7%) than in the P.monacha strains S68-4 (9.4%) and S68-5 (10.5%). The difference in frequencies of large tumors among the nine clones ranges from a low of 3.8% in M65-24 PCx to a high of 52.9% in M61-35 PCz. Hemangiopericytomas were induced in P.lucida and in five of the nine P.monacha-lucida clones; they were not found in either strain of P.monacha. Lymphosarcoma was induced only in P.monacha S68-5. An unclassified sarcoma was induced in both P.monacha strains and in two of the nine P.monacha-lucida clones, but not in P.lucida. The intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was the most frequent tumor type induced with DEN in this study. It occurred in all twelve genotypes, and with one exception, in the highest incidence. In contrast to a previous study wherein responses of different strains of P.lucida were within a narrow range, substantial differences exist among P.monacha genotypes.
3-Methylcholanthrene-induced immunosuppression in mice to Trichinella spiralis antigens.

AbstractThe immunosuppressive effects of in vivo (subcutaneous) exposure to 40 or 80 mg/kg 3-methylcholanthrene 1 (MC) were examined in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) responsive C57BL/6 (86) and AHH non-responsive OBA/2 (D2) inbred strains of mice. Twenty-four hours after treatment with carcinogen or vehicle alone, animals were primed with crude L1 muscle larvae antigen from I. spiralis. Immune status was assessed in vitro after six days as antigen-specific lymphoproliferation. the proliferation of splenocytes from MC-treated 02 and B6 mice was significantly impaired compared to controls. to examine the cellular basis of the immunosuppression, primed splenocytes from control and MC-treated mice were separated into adherent and non-adherent fractions on Sephadex G-10 columns. When antigen-pulsed adherent cells from MC-treated B6 and D2 mice were recombined with control non-adherent cells from syngeneic and B6D2F1 mice, T-cell proliferation was significantly reduced. This suppression was not observed wi...
Simulated biological materials at microwave frequencies for the study of electromagnetic hyperthermia

For the study of electromagnetic hyper-thermia, it is necessary to simulate human biological materials in microwave frequencies. Using a new technique for the precise measurement of the dielectric properties of the simulated materials for frequencies up to 20 GHz, we have modified the previous simulation for high water content tissue at the frequency range 100–1000 MHz. We present new formulas for the frequency range 5–20 GHz. Modifications of composition for various frequencies are discussed.
Quantifying Sand Particle Shape Complexity using a Dynamic, Digital Imaging Technique

Sands used to construct athletic fields and golf course putting greens are characterized in laboratory tests to evaluate their suitability before construction. Many of these tests provide quantitative measurements of soil physical properties; however current evaluation procedures for particle shape rely on subjective visual assessments. The objective was to quantify differences in the particle shape complexity of sands using a dynamic, digital image analyzer, the Camsizer, and correlate those values to current quantitative and qualitative methods of particle shape analysis. The Camsizer uses two cameras to capture images of randomly falling particles at a rate of 60 frames s ―1 . These images are analyzed and shape parameters such as sphericity and aspect ratio are calculated. Five monosize sands of varying shape were evaluated, as well as a rounded and angular control. The dynamic method showed significant differences between sphericity and aspect ratio values of all sands, indicating these parameters can be used to quantitatively assess particle shape complexity. The values obtained with the Camsizer and with a well accepted static, quantitative technique that uses light microscopy were correlated for both aspect ratio (r = 0.935) and sphericity (r = 0.982). The Camsizer values also exhibited a positive relationship with the qualitative shape parameters, sphericity, and angularity. The coefficient of variation values for the aspect ratio and sphericity data, as determined by the dynamic method, were significantly lower than the static method or the qualitative analysis. These results indicate that this digital imaging analysis tool provides an accurate, objective means of quantifying particle shape complexity.
Use of anion exchange membranes to assess nitrogen needs of perennial grasslands

Abstract Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have recently become available and have proven effective in measuring phosphorus present in soils as well as nitrate (NO3 ‐) under both cultivated and grassland field conditions. We have attempted to assess the ability of AEM strips to measure NO3 ‐ present under a perennial grassland harvested for hay three times during the growing season. In all cases, we found significant quadratic relationships between nitrogen (N) applied and NO3 ‐ desorbed from the AEM strips. Using both linear‐response‐and‐plateau (LRP) and quadratic‐plateau (QP) models, we found highly significant relationships to relative yield and the ability to predict a critical level (CL) of NO3 ‐‐N necessary to reach maximum yield during two harvest periods. The AEM strips provided a good correlation between NO3 ‐and N rate, and between NC3 ‐ and yield. Critical levels at which subsequent N would need to be applied in order to achieve maximum yield were identified. These need to be further field‐teste...
Conversion of radioactive and hazardous chemical wastes into borosilicate glass using the glass material oxidation and dissolution system

A new vitrification process has been invented. The Glass Material Oxidation and Dissolution System (GMODS) allows direct conversion of radioactive and hazardous chemical wastes to borosilicate glass. GMODS directly converts metals, ceramics and amorphous solids to glass, oxidizes organics with the residue converted to glass, and converts halides (such as chlorides) to borosilicate glass and a secondary sodium halide stream. The glass is designed to meet EPA criteria for chemically non-hazardous waste forms. Laboratory work has demonstrated the conversion of stainless steel, aluminum, cerium (a plutonium surrogate), uranium, Zircaloy, multiple oxides and other materials to glass. Equipment options have been identified for processing rates between 1 and 100,000 t/y. Significant work, including a pilot plant, is required to develop GMODS for applications at an industrial scale.
Ramsey cardinals and constructibility

Large cardinal properties divide rather strikingly into two groups. “Small” large cardinal properties such as weak compactness always relativize to L, while in contrast “large” large cardinal properties such as Ramsey are incompatible with L. These properties seem to be similar otherwise and this sense of similarity is reinforced by the fact that many of the large cardinals do exist in the L-like model L(μ). This paper will show that the division is caused by an artificially restrictive class of “constructible” sets rather than an essential difference in the properties themselves. Specifically, we consider the class K of sets constructible from mice as defined by Dodd and Jensen [3] and proveTheorem 1. If ρ is Ramsey then ρ is Ramsey in K.A modification of the proof will showTheorem 2. If ρ is Jonson, then ρ is Ramsey in K.Since Ramsey implies Jonson this shows that the notions are equiconsistent. Theorem 2 was proved by Kunen [5] under the assumption that V = L(μ).The proof of Theorems 1 and 2 depends heavily on results of Dodd and Jensen [3] about K and mice. These results are stated without proof in §2. §2 also contains elementary (to a reader familiar with the theory of iterated ultrapowers) proofs of special cases of some of these lemmas sufficient to give a self contained proof of the following corollary of Theorem 1:Corollary. If ρ ≤ κ,ρ is Ramsey and L(μ) ⊨ μ is a measure on κ then L(μ) ⊨ ρ is Ramsey.
Multiple warty dyskeratomas of the scalp

Two patients presented with the unusual condition of multiple warty dyskeratomas on the scalp. Biopsies of affected skin stained positive with human keratin monoclonal antibodies HKN-6 and -7, specific for cortex and inner root sheath of normal human hair, respectively. Multiple warty dyskeratomas are a rare occurrence and their aetiopathogenesis remains elusive. Positive immunohistochemical staining of a lesion with antikeratin antibodies HKN-6 and -7, specific for human hair keratin, suggests a follicular origin for warty dyskeratoma.
A follow-up study of change in quality of life among persons with dementia residing in a long-term care facility.

Background: Dementia is a major public health problem. Increased attention is being paid to the quality of life (QOL) of people with this chronic disease. There have been no longitudinal studies of QOL change in dementia. Method Longitudinal study of a cohort of 47 persons with dementia residing in a long-term care facility. The QOL of participants was assessed at baseline using the Alzheimer's Disease Related Quality of Life (ADRQL) scale. At this time participants were also assessed on a series of other clinical measures. QOL was reassessed on the ADRQL scores two years later. Results There was small but significant mean decline in ADRQL over the two-year study interval. However, for 49% of participants, ADRQL scores did not change or improved. Small but significant declines occurred in all ADRQL domains, with the exception of ‘feelings and mood’. Of the baseline variables assessed, only a lower baseline ADRQL score was associated with greater decline in ADRQL score at follow-up. There was no association between sociodemographic variables, baseline ratings of dementia severity (MMSE), ADL impairment, behavioral impairment, and depression, or MMSE change during follow-up and ADRQL decline. Conclusions Among long-term care residents with dementia there is a small decline in QOL ratings over two years. However, for nearly half, QOL ratings stay the same or improve. The ADRQL is a sensitive measure of change in QOL and is appropriate for use as an outcome measure in intervention studies. The predictors of QOL change are complex and require further study. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are pregnant adolescents stigmatized by pregnancy

Abstract Purpose To identify prevalence and correlates, including substance use and exposure to violence, of feeling stigmatized by being pregnant as an adolescent. Methods A total of 925 low-income African-American, Mexican-American, and Caucasian pregnant adolescents aged ≤ 18 years were interviewed on the postpartum ward of a university hospital within 48 hours of delivery. Correlates of stigma were identified among self-reported behaviors such as substance use, exposure to violence, family support and criticism, as well as reproductive and sociodemographic characteristics. Results Two out of five adolescents (39.1%) reported feeling stigmatized by their pregnancy. As compared with their nonstigmatized peers, stigmatized adolescents were more likely to report having seriously considered abortion, being afraid to tell parents about pregnancy, feeling that parents/teachers thought pregnancy a mistake, and feeling abandoned by the fathers of their babies. Stepwise logistic regression revealed the following correlates independently associated with feeling stigmatized: white race/ethnicity, not being legally/common-law married or engaged to the baby's father, feelings of social isolation, aspirations to complete college, experiencing verbal abuse or being fearful of being hurt by other teenagers, and experiencing family criticism. In contrast, greater self-esteem and having dropped out of school before conception were protective of reporting feelings of stigma. Conclusions Significant proportions of pregnant adolescents feel stigmatized by pregnancy and are at increased risk of social isolation and abuse. These young women may need special attention during and after pregnancy to develop concrete strategies to care for themselves and their children to complete their education and avoid becoming clinically depressed.
Co-Delivery of Autoantigen and B7 Pathway Modulators Suppresses Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by the breakdown of immune tolerance to autoantigens. Targeting surface receptors on immune cells offers a unique strategy for reprogramming immune responses in autoimmune diseases. The B7 signaling pathway was targeted using adaptations of soluble antigen array (SAgA) technology achieved by covalently linking B7-binding peptides and disease causing autoantigen (proteolipid peptide (PLP)) to hyaluronic acid (HA). We hypothesized that co-delivery of a B7-binding peptide and autoantigen would suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS. Three independent B7-targeted SAgAs were created containing peptides to either inhibit or potentially stimulate the B7 signaling pathway. Surprisingly, all SAgAs were found to suppress EAE disease symptoms. Altered cytokine expression was observed in primary splenocytes isolated from SAgA-treated mice, indicating that SAgAs with different B7-binding peptides may suppress EAE through different immunological mechanisms. This antigen-specific immunotherapy using SAgAs can successfully suppress EAE through co-delivery of autoantigen and peptides targeting with the B7 signaling pathway.
Right coronary artery with anomalous origin and slit ostium

Right coronary arteries that arise from the left sinus or ectopically from the right sinus with a slit ostium can cause myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, or sudden death. The surgical repair of these anomalies has evolved toward a simpler operation that widens the orifice of origin and reduces the compression of the intramural segment. We have repaired these anomalies without mortality in 8 patients. We summarize our experience and the evolution of this procedure.
Exploring Extant and Emerging Issues in Anonymous Networks: A Taxonomy and Survey of Protocols and Metrics

The desire to preserve privacy in cyberspace drives research in the area of anonymous networks. Any entity operating in cyberspace is susceptible to debilitating cyber attacks. As part of the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace, the United States acknowledges that the speed and anonymity of cyber attacks makes distinguishing among the actions of terrorists, criminals, and nation states difficult. Indeed, today's Internet is an incredibly effective, uncontrolled weapon for eavesdropping and spying. Therefore, anonymity and privacy are increasingly important issues. A plethora of existing or proposed anonymous networks achieve diverse levels of anonymity against a variety of adversarial attacks. However, no known taxonomy provides a comprehensive classification of the varied set of wired, wireless, and hybrid anonymous communications networks. We develop a novel cubic taxonomy to facilitate the systematic definition and classification of anonymity in anonymous communications networks. Three key anonymity components: anonymity property, adversary capability, and network type are thoroughly explored. More importantly, an in-depth description of a new tree-based taxonomy for the state-of-the-art in wireless anonymous protocols is offered. For completeness, a tree-based taxonomy of wired and hybrid anonymous protocols are also provided. Lastly, several evolving anonymity metrics which quantify anonymity preservation, degradation, and elimination in existing and future anonymous networks are examined. Hence, this paper explores extant and emerging issues in anonymous networks via an intuitive taxonomy and surveys anonymous protocols and quantifiable metrics essential for any entity determined to assure anonymity and preserve privacy in cyberspace against an adversary.
Elasticity of Cartilage Measured by Large Strain, Non-Hertzian AFM Nanoindentation

The raster scanning and nanoindentation capabilities of the AFM are exploited in force spectroscopy, a valuable quantitative technique for mapping the elastic properties of materials down to nanometer resolution. When the probe is of well-defined geometry and the indentation behavior can be represented by established contact mechanics models, the force maps can be transformed to elastic modulus maps to facilitate comparison. This is especially important in biological specimens, where sample-to-sample variability is usually high.
Adjuncts to Mechanical Ventilation in ARDS

Since its first description, acute respiratory distress syndrome has been characterized by abnormal physiologic and gas exchange properties of the lungs. Many adjunctive therapies have been developed to reduce the stresses of mechanical ventilation on already damaged lungs. We examined the mechanism of action and the latest clinical trial information of several adjunctive therapies including prone positioning, nitric oxide, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, arterial venous carbon dioxide removal, and liquid ventilation. While all of these therapies have demonstrated short-term improvements in arterial blood gases and in the limitation of lung injury, none have shown an evidence-based survival benefit.
Pushing a stone up a hill: A case study of the working environment of South African academics:

South African higher education has been experiencing profound and vigorous transformations in the post-apartheid era. At the same time, global trends toward competition and employment equity contri...
The large effects of electron correlation on the multiplet generalized oscillator strengths of non-closed shell systems: Be 1s22s21S → 1s22s2p 1P0 and B 1s22s22p 2p0 → 1s22s2p22D

Abstract Correlation effects are shown to change generalized oscillator strengths and inelastic form factors by large factors as large as 10, from the Hartree-Fock values. The effects are fully included in the charge wavefunctions of the non-closed shell many-electron theory by Sinanoǧlu. We calculate the charge wavefunctions and obtain from the generalized oscillator strength F0η(q) versus ln q2 and the integrated cross section σ0η(E) versus lnE1 for BeI 2s21S → 2s2p 1P0 and BI 2s22p 2P0 → 2s2p22D cases, exemplifying the method.
New insights into the functional role of the rheumatoid arthritis shared epitope

The shared epitope (SE) – an HLA-DRB1-encoded 5-amino acid sequence motif carried by the vast majority of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients – is a risk factor for severe disease. The mechanistic basis of RA-SE association is unknown. This group has previously demonstrated that the SE acts as a signal transduction ligand that activates nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production. SE-activated signaling depends on cell surface calreticulin, a known innate immunity receptor previously implicated in immune regulation, autoimmunity and angiogenesis. Recent evidence that the SE enhances the polarization of Th17 cells, which is a key mechanism in autoimmunity, is discussed highlighting one of several potential functional effects of the SE in RA.
On board polarization measuring instrument for high NA excimer scanner

We developed an instrument for monitoring the polarized illuminator of the ArF scanner. A rotatable retarder and a rotatable analyzer were incorporated in the instrument for polarimetry. The instrument measures polarization state of the polarized illuminator in sufficient accuracy. Stokes parameter of the illumination light incorporated in the ArF scanner was successfully obtained. The measured result showed that the polarization state of the illumination light was controlled well. The instrument is as small and light-weighted as can be installed on board.
Analysis of the Marangoni Effect in Volatile Liquids Evaporating from Capillary Tubes Using a New Interface Tracking Method

A new computational liquid/vapor interface tracking technique is developed to model an interface between a liquid and a vapor including mass transfer. This technique does not require the use of an additional transport equation, as does the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method, while still being implemented without a complicated solution procedure. This new interface tracking technique is used to capture the liquid/vapor interface in a capillary tube of 100-μm scale. The diffusion-driven evaporation process is studied, along with the Marangoni convection that is caused by the temperature gradient along the interface. The results are qualitatively and quantitatively compared to existing experimental data.
Effects of Disasters on Smoking and Relapse: An Exploratory Study of Hurricane Katrina Victims.

Abstract Background: Psychosocial stress maintains cigarette use and precipitates relapse, but little is known about how natural disasters in particular affect smoking. Purpose: To determine the feasibility of recruiting victims soon after a natural disaster for a survey study, and to assess the types and determinants of changes in smoking behavior resulting from exposure to the disaster. Methods: A convenience sample of 35 Hurricane Katrina refugees who had smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime were surveyed one month after the storm to evaluate changes in smoking behavior. Results: Among a small sample of former smokers, more than half relapsed after Katrina, citing stress, urge, and sadness. Among current smokers, 52% increased their smoking after Katrina by more than half a pack per day on average. Most individuals who increased their smoking or relapsed expressed interest in receiving cessation assistance within the next month. Discussion: Stress-related increases in smoking and relapse m...
Prevalence of periodic limb movements during sleep in normal children.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Although the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) mandates that periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) be scored on every polysomnogram, and considers a periodic limb movement index (PLMI) > 5/h abnormal in children, there is a lack of community-derived data regarding the prevalence of PLMS in children, and no data to support this cutoff value. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PLMS in a sample of normal children. DESIGN Retrospective study. PARTICIPANTS 195 healthy, non-snoring children aged 5-17 years, recruited from the community, who underwent polysomnography for research purposes. METHODS PLMS were scored using the AASM 2007 criteria. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The group age (median [IQR]) was 12.9 [10-15] years, and 58% were male. Sleep architecture was normal, and the obstructive apnea hypopnea index was 0.1 [0-0.3]/h. The median PLMI was 0/h, ranging from 0 to 35.5/h. Fifteen (7.7%) subjects had a PLMI > 5/h, and only 3 (1.5%) met the adult pathologic criterion of more than 15/h. Use of the 95th percentile PLMI cutoff of 7.2/h produced little difference in categorization between groups. Children with a PLMI > 5/h had a higher arousal index than those with a lower PLMI (11.6 [8.8-14.6] vs 8.1 [6.1-9.9]/h, respectively, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS This study provides normative data to the field and supports the clinical periodic limb movement index cutoff of > 5/h based on both prevalence and the correlate of increased sleep fragmentation. Periodic limb movements during sleep are infrequent in normal children recruited from the community. CITATION Marcus CL, Traylor J, Gallagher PR, Brooks LJ, Huang J, Koren D, Katz L, Mason TB, Tapia IE. Prevalence of periodic limb movements during sleep in normal children.
Minimal dataset for Network Intrusion Detection Systems via dimensionality reduction

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) monitor internet traffic to detect malicious activities including but not limited to denial of service attacks, network accesses by unauthorized users, attempts to gain additional privileges and port scans. The amount of data that must be analyzed by NIDS is too large. Prior studies developed feature selection and feature extraction techniques to reduce the size of data. None has focused on finding exactly by how much the dataset should be reduced. Dimensionality reduction is a field in machine learning that consists on mapping high dimensional data into lower dimension while preserving important features of the original dataset. Dimensionality reduction techniques have been used to reduce the amount of data in applications such as speech signals, digital photographs, fMRI scans, DNA microarrays, Hyper spectral data. The purpose of this paper is to find the finite amount of data required for successful intrusion detection. This evaluation is necessary to improve the efficiency of NIDS in identifying existing attack patterns and recognizing new intrusion in real-time. Two dimensionality reduction techniques are used one linear technique (Principal Component Analysis) and one non-linear technique (Multidimensional Scaling). Data is then submitted to two classification algorithms J48 (C.45) and Naive Bayes. This study was conducted using the KDD Cup 99 data. Experimental results show optimal performance with reduced datasets of 4 dimensions for J48 and 12 dimensions for Naive Bayes.