cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“A Horrible Fascination”: Sex, Segregation, and the Lost Politics of Obscenity

Building on current interest in the regulation of child pornography, this Article goes back to the 1950s, recovering a lost history of how southern segregationists used the battle against obscenity to counter the Supreme Court‘s ruling in Brown v. Board of Education. Focused on the psychological development of children, Brown sparked a discursive backlash in the South focused on claims that the races possessed different cultures and that white children would be harmed. This backlash joined a larger, regional campaign, a constitutional guerilla war mounted by moderates and extremists alike that swept onto cultural, First Amendment terrain even as the frontal assault of massive resistance succumbed to federal might. A radical re-reading of prevailing understandings of southern resistance to Brown, this Article posits that civil rights proved much more culturally contingent than scholars have so far recognized and reframes the manner in which we understand Brown, its progeny, and current constitutional debates over the relationship between rights and race.
Upfront molecular testing in patients with advanced gastro-esophageal cancer: Is it time yet?

// Sameh Mikhail 1 , Kristen Ciombor 1 , Anne Noonan 1 , Christina Wu 1 , Richard Goldberg 1 , Weiqiang Zhao 2 , Lai Wei 3 , Kristina Mathey 1 , Melissa Yereb 1 , Cynthia Timmers 1 , Tanios Bekaii-Saab 1 1 Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43221, USA 2 Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43221, USA 3 Department of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43221, USA Correspondence to: Sameh Mikhail, e-mail: sameh.mikhail@osumc.edu Keywords: next generation sequencing, gastro-esophageal cancer, molecular profiling, c-MET, targeted therapy Received: March 17, 2015 Accepted: May 29, 2015 Published: June 10, 2015 ABSTRACT Introduction: Targeting HER2 has improved outcomes in metastatic GE (mGE) cancer. In this study, we aim to explore the feasibility of molecular profiling in patients with refractory mGE cancer in routine clinical practice. Methods: Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples for patients with mGE were analyzed with commercially available targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) and/or FISH for MET amplification. We also reviewed the patients’ medical records for concurrent HER 2 testing. Results: Tumor samples from 99 patients with mGE cancer were analyzed as follows: NGS ( N = 56), FISH for MET amplification ( N = 65), IHC and/or FISH for HER2 ( N = 87). Of patients who underwent NGS, 50/56 (89%) had at least one actionable molecular alteration. The most notable actionable alterations included cell cycle abnormalities (58%), HER2 amplification (30%), PI3KCA mutation (14%), MCL1 amplification (11%), PTEN loss (9%), CDH1 mutation (2%) and MET amplification (5%). Ninety-two percent (12/13) of patients with HER2 amplification by NGS were positive for HER2 by IHC and/or FISH. In contrast, only 12/18 (66%) patients positive for HER2 by IHC and/or FISH demonstrated HER2 amplification by NGS. Conclusion: Comprehensive molecular testing is feasible in clinical practice and provides a platform for screening patients for molecularly guided clinical trials and available targeted therapies.
Taliks in relict submarine permafrost and methane hydrate deposits: Pathways for gas escape under present and future conditions

We investigate the response of relict Arctic submarine permafrost and gas hydrate deposits to warming and make predictions of methane gas flux to the water column using a 2-D multiphase fluid flow model. Exposure of the Arctic shelf during the last glacial cycle formed a thick layer of permafrost, protecting hydrate deposits below. However, talik formation below paleo-river channels creates permeable pathways for gas migration from depth. An estimate of the maximum gas flux at the present time for conditions at the East Siberian Arctic Seas is 0.2047 kg yr−1 m−2, which produces a methane concentration of 142 nM in the overlying water column, consistent with several field observations. For conditions at the North American Beaufort Sea, the maximum gas flux at the present time is 0.1885 kg yr−1 m−2, which produces a methane concentration of 78 nM in the overlying water column. Shallow sediments are charged with residual methane gas after venting events. Sustained submergence into the future should increase gas venting rate roughly exponentially as sediments continue to warm. Studying permafrost-associated gas hydrate reservoirs will allow us to better understand the Arctic's contribution to the global methane budget and global warming.
Key findings from a multidisciplinary examination of integrated coastal management process sustainability

This article synthesizes findings presented in this theme issue from a multidisciplinary research project on factors influencing integrated coastal management (ICM) process sustainability. The generation of social and environmental benefits that are equitably distributed among constituencies is a key factor in ICM process sustainability. Participatory processes, while challenging to manage and under growing scrutiny, remain the most effective manner to engage broad constituencies and ensure that benefits match expectations. The scaling up of many local initiatives in the Philippines and Indonesia is well underway and warrants ongoing support and monitoring. Attention must be paid to legal and institutional frameworks that support integrative planning on local and national scales. Impartial and rigorous research on ICM is offered as a way to support these changes and to assess future challenges and emerging management models. While frequently a volatile process, the authors conclude by affirming their commitment to ICM as a potent and balanced planning process.
Black Hole Bose Condensation

General consensus on the nature of the degrees of freedom responsible for the black hole entropy remains elusive despite decades of effort dedicated to the problem. Different approaches to quantum gravity disagree in their description of the microstates and, more significantly, in the statistics used to count them. In some approaches (string theory, AdS/CFT) the elementary degrees of freedom are indistinguishable, whereas they must be treated as distinguishable in other approaches to quantum gravity (eg., LQG) in order to recover the Bekenstein-Hawking area-entropy law. However, different statistics will imply different behaviors of the black hole outside the thermodynamic limit. We illustrate this point by quantizing the Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole, for which we argue that Bose condensation will occur leading to a "cold", stable remnant.
Interpretation of tetravalent actinide spectra

An unsolved problem in actinide spectroscopy is the lack of a consistent systematic interpretation of tetravalent actinide ion spectra. We are addressing this problem by modelling the spectra of AnF4 and An4+:CeF4. This family exhibits a single crystallographic structure, and the symmetry of the actual C2 and Cs sites can be approximated as D4d, where the crystalfield potential has only three terms. The spectrum of Bk4+:CeF4 suggests a value of about 2000 cm−1 for B02. We have adopted this constraint and will report our progress toward a systematic free-ion and crystal-field parametrization including spectra of UF4 and NpF4.
When two become one: Temporally dynamic integration of the face and voice

Abstract In everyday interactions with others, people have to deal with the sight of a face and sound of a voice at the same time. How the perceptual system brings this information together over hundreds of milliseconds to perceive others remains unclear. In 2 studies, we investigated how facial and vocal cues are integrated during real-time social categorization by recording participants' hand movements (via the streaming x, y coordinates of the computer mouse) en route to “male” and “female” responses on the screen. Participants were presented with male and female faces that were accompanied by a same-sex voice morphed to be either sex-typical (e.g., masculinized male voice) or sex-atypical (i.e., feminized male voice). Before settling into ultimate sex categorizations of the face, the simultaneous processing of a sex-atypical voice led the hand to be continuously attracted to the opposite sex-category response across construal. This is evidence that ongoing results from voice perception continuously influence face perception across processing. Thus, social categorization involves dynamic updates of gradual integration of the face and voice.
Optimization of Multiple Freshwater Diversions in Well-Mixed Estuaries

A method is presented to optimize diversions of freshwater from multiple points in a well-mixed estuary. The objective is to prevent salinity concentrations at a point in the brackish water zone from exceeding levels that are stipulated for environmental defense. Optimization is achieved using an efficient gradient-based search algorithm (quasi-Newton with Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno update). Time-invariant and time-variant diversion rates are considered as control parameters, and time-variant diversion rates are shown to permit larger diversions overall. The latter requires the identification of a vastly larger number of parameters in a more complex parameter space. Computations are carried out using a 1D model formulation applied to a series of hypothetical systems and the St. Jones estuary in Delaware.
Paramagnetic Relaxation of Trapped Electrons in Gamma-Irradiated Organic Glasses

Abstract Paramagnetic relaxation characteristics of trapped electrons in γ-irradiated, glassy methanol, ethanol and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) at 73 °K were studied by power saturation techniques. The spin-spin relaxation time is constant with radiation dose at low doses and decreases at higher doses. Together with data on the total spin concentration the results are interpreted in terms of a “spur” model in which the initial spatial distribution of radiation-produced, trapped electrons and radicals is non-uniform. According to this model the spur radius is about 59 A in methanol and 72 A in MTHF. These radii compare with 42 A for trapped electrons in alkaline ice. The radius within which electrons are trapped appears to increase with decreasing polarity of the matrix. The ratio of local spin concentration to the sample average spin concentration is greater than one at low doses in all matrices.
A high-resolution record of late-Holocene moisture variability from a Michigan raised bog, USA

We reconstructed the late-Holocene surface-moisture history and vegetation dynamics of a raised bog in Michigan using testate amoebae, peat humification, pollen, stomata and plant macrofossils. Our primary objective was to compare bog palaeohydrology with the water-level history of Lake Michigan, and to regional and local vegetation changes. Hydrologic histories inferred from testate amoebae and humification show similar trends, and correspond with records of past water-level variability in Lake Michigan. The bog clearly shows effective-moisture increases during the Algoma highstand (∼3200–2300 cal. BP) and a later unnamed highstand (∼1900–1300 cal. BP). Some higher-frequency fluctuations are also similar. The good correspondence indicates that bog hydrology and the water levels of Lake Michigan have been driven by changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns for at least the past 3500 years. Climate during the Algoma highstand may have been spatiotemporally complex, with increasing moisture oc...
Selective release of extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase by polymetaphosphate.

Abstract We have studied the lipase released into the circulation by polymetaphosphate injection into rats. Lipase release was in proportion to the dose injected. The post-polymetaphosphate lipase was almost completely inhibited by high salt concentrations or by addition of protamine sulfate to the assay system suggesting that this compound released lipoprotein lipase and not hepatic triglyceride lipase. The lipases released by polymetaphosphate and by heparin were compared using a heparin-sepharose affinity column technique which separates lipoprotein lipase from hepatic triglyceride lipase. While heparin released both lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase, polymetaphosphate released almost exclusively lipoprotein lipase. Other experiments showed that neither polymetaphosphate nor heparin inhibited the hepatic lipase when added to the assay. These results suggest that lipoprotein lipase may be released by the negative charge on these high-charge polymers while hepatic triglyceride lipase release may require the specific sugar configuration of heparin.
Some Implications of the Canon Debate for Collection Development

Canons have been of interest to librarians dating back to the days when Robert Maynard Hutchins instituted the Great Books program at the University of Chicago. Hutchins did so at the suggestion of the popular philosopher, Mortimer Adler. When Adler later helped to popularize the program with the public, public libraries around the country became the sites for meetings of Great Books discussion groups.
Medical decision-making capacity in cognitively impaired Parkinson's disease patients without dementia

Little is currently known about the higher order functional skills of patients with Parkinson disease and cognitive impairment. Medical decision-making capacity (MDC) was assessed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with cognitive impairment and dementia. Participants were 16 patients with PD and cognitive impairment without dementia (PD-CIND), 16 patients with PD dementia (PDD), and 22 healthy older adults. All participants were administered the Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument (CCTI), a standardized capacity instrument assessing MDC under five different consent standards. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses were utilized to examine capacity performance on the consent standards. In addition, capacity outcomes (capable, marginally capable, or incapable outcomes) on the standards were identified for the two patient groups. Relative to controls, PD-CIND patients demonstrated significant impairment on the understanding treatment consent standard, clinically the most stringent CCTI standard. Relative to controls and PD-CIND patients, patients with PDD patients were impaired on the three clinical standards of understanding, reasoning, and appreciation. The findings suggest that impairment in decisional capacity is already present in cognitively impaired PD patients without dementia, and increases as these patients develop dementia. Clinicians and researchers should carefully assess decisional capacity in all PD patients with cognitive impairment.
Development and validation of a high‐sensitivity liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method with chemical derivatization for the determination of ethinyl estradiol in human plasma

An ultra-sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the analysis of oral contraceptive ethinyl estradiol (EE) was developed and validated over the curve range of 2.5-500 pg/mL using 1 mL of human plasma sample. Ethinyl estradiol and the internal standard, ethinyl estradiol tetra-deuterated (EE-d4), were extracted from the plasma matrix with methyl t-butyl ether, derivatized with dansyl chloride and then back-extracted into hexane. The hexane phase was evaporated to dryness, reconstituted and injected onto the LC/MS/MS system. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Luna C(18) column (50 x 2 mm, 5 micro m) with an isocratic mobile phase of 20:80 (v/v) water:acetonitrile with 1% formic acid. The offline derivatization procedure introduced the easily ionizable tertiary amine function group to EE. This greatly improved analyte sensitivity in electrospray ionization and enabled us to achieve the desired lower limit of quantitation at 2.5 pg/mL. This high sensitivity method can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring or supporting bio-equivalence and drug-drug interaction studies in human subjects.
Book review essay

Book reviewed in this article: The misguided rise of regionalism: Bluestone, B. and Harrison, B. 1980: Capital and communities: the causes and consequences of private disinvestment. The misguided rise of regionalism: Goodman, R. 1979: The last entrepreneurs: America's regional wars for jobs and dollars. The misguided rise of regionalism: Rifkin, J. and Barber, R. 1978: The north will rise again: pensions, politics and power in the 1980s.
Reynolds-number and surface-modeling sensitivities for experimental simulation of flow over complex topography

Abstract This paper documents the development of an experimental approach for determining the wind characteristics over complex topography. Using fast-response pressure probes, vertical wind profiles were measured over wind-tunnel models representing the complex topography of a wind farm currently under construction. A terraced-model approach was taken to simplify the manufacturing of the topographic models, providing the added benefit of enhanced surface roughness from the terraced steps. A preliminary study in a small wind tunnel identified restrictions on the Reynolds number and terrace step size that are required for attaining adequate high-Reynolds-number boundary-layer characteristics at a scale of 1:1500. Subsequent measurements over the entire wind-farm topography were compared to site measurements from meteorological masts, from which recommendations for improved experimental simulation techniques are identified.
Establishment of symbiosis between Rhizobium and plant cells in vitro.

A symbiotic nitrogen-fixing relationship has been established in culture between soybean cells and the bacterium Rhizobium.
Cells and Robots: Modeling and Control of Large-Size Agent Populations (Dejan L.J. Milutinovic and P. Lima; 2007) [Book Review]

The book introduces a hybrid dynamical modeling framework for modeling both the discrete population dynamics as well as the distribution of the swarm in a continuous state space. Some of the topics covered include: the analogy between an individual robot and a cell in terms of sensors and actuators and the analogy between the immune system and T-cell receptor dynamics; and a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) that describe the change of the continuous distribution of each discrete state as a function of both the state transition probabilities between discrete states and the vector fields that affect the continuous state distributions. The book is recommended to anyone who is interested in a probabilistic perspective on modeling large-scale distributed systems.
Fundamental studies of grafting reactions in free radical copolymerization. I. A detailed kinetic model for solution polymerization

Graft site initiation occurs by primary radical and/ or polymeric radical attack on the back-bone polymer. The controlling mechanism is determined by the structure of the backbone and the activity of the free radicals. The efficiency of incorporating monomer into the graft chains depends upon the graft site initiation mechanism and the mode of polymer chain termination (recombination or disproportionation). A kinetic analysis results a series of uniquely different expressions describing the graft efficiency, ϕ corresponding to different combinations of graft site initiation and chain termination mechanisms. The dependency of ϕ upon monomer, initiator, and backbone concentrations is different from case to case. The complete kinetic model is capable of predicting reaction rate, graft efficiency, graft frequency, graft ratio, and molecular weight averages and distributions. Simulations are provided to compare predicted results with experimental data for two different systems which show contrasting mechanisms of graft site initiation and mode of termination. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A simple sum rule in raman theory

Abstract It is shown that in the limit of large detuning energy and in the absence of coordinate dependence of the transition moment, the resonance Raman amplitude for a 0 → n transition on a harmonic potential surface is proportional to (δ 2 − + δ 2 + ) −1 × ƒ ∞ −∞ exp (− q 2 ) · [∂ n Δ V ( q )/ƒ q 11 ] d q V ( q ) is the difference between the arbitrary excited-state surface and the initial harmonic potential. The resonant and non-resonant detuning energies are given by δ − = E − hv and δ + = E + hv , where v is the incident laser frequency and E is the minimum separation between the potential surfaces.
Strong ordinal properties of an additive model for the sequential processing of probabilistic information

Abstract A general theory of probabilistic information processing, together with its formal representation as an additive-difference model, is specialized to account for behavior when information is observed sequentially. Both the basic assumptions and the derived additive model are testable separately with ordinal data from individual subjects. Furthermore, scale values for the sequential information can be derived with the ordinal data and the model. Eight subjects were run extensively in probabilistic information processing tasks, in each problem sequentially receiving two samples of information in order to decide which of two hypotheses was more likely correct. The additive model was supported by the data of all but one subject; for those subjects described by this model, the prior assumptions received moderate to strong support. The pattern of results was employed to discuss additive versus averaging processes, sequential effects, and the general processing theory.
Microbial community diversity in agroforestry and grass vegetative filter strips

Vegetative filter strips (VFS) have long been promoted as a soil conservation practice that yields many additional environmental benefits. Most previous studies have focused primarily on the role of vegetation and/or soil physical properties in these ecosystem services. Few studies have investigated the soil microbial community of VFS. Therefore, we examined potential differences in soil microbial community characteristics of claypan soil planted to VFS with differing vegetation and a traditional row-crop system in a maize–soybean rotation. Samples were tested for soil microbial function and community structure using dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis enzyme assays and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, respectively. The grass VFS soil exhibited the greatest dehydrogenase activity levels and FDA activity was greater in the grass and agroforestry (i.e., tree–grass) VFS soils relative to the cropland soil. The PLFA analysis revealed community structural differences underlying these functional differences. The agroforestry VFS soil was characterized by a greater proportion of total bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi than the cropland soil. The grass VFS soil shared some characteristics with the cropland soils; but the grass VFS supported greater mycorrhizal fungi and protozoa populations. This work highlights differences in soil microbial function and community structure in VFS relative to cropland soil 12 years post VFS establishment. It also enhances our fundamental knowledge regarding soil microorganisms in VFS, which may aid in explaining some ecosystem services provided by VFS (e.g., decomposition of organic agrichemicals).
ANCA-Associated Small Vessel Vasculitis: Clinical and Therapeutic Advances

The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated small vessel vasculitides are an encompassing group of diseases defined by serologic and anatomic criteria. Their diverse phenotype is an ongoing diagnostic challenge, and early diagnosis is paramount in optimizing outcomes and minimizing morbidity. Therapies targeted at components of the immune system, both cellular and cytokine, have been assessed as both inducers and sustainers of remission. As current data provide clarity in pathogenesis, treatment options and strategies have been evaluated to improve outcomes. However, challenges remain in limiting disease flares and therapy-associated morbidities, and cures are achieved only in cases in which a clear culprit exists.
The role of P2O5 in silicate melts

Phase equilibria data in the systems SiO2-P2O5, P2O5-M(x)O(y), and P2O5-M(x)O(y)-SiO2 are employed in conjunction with chromatographic and spectral data to investigate the role of P2O5 in silicate melts. P2O5 depolymerizes pure SiO2 melts by entering the network as a four-fold coordinated cation, but polymerizes melts in which an additional metal cation other than silicon is present. In this complex system P2O5 acts to increase phase separation by further enrichment of the high charge density cations Ti, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, in the ferrobasaltic liquid. The dual behavior of P2O5 is explained in a model which requires complexing of phosphate anions and metal cations in the melt. This interaction destroys Si-O-M-O-Si bonds polymerizing the melt. The higher concentration of Si-O-M-O-Si bond complexes in immiscible ferrobasaltic liquids relative to their conjugate immiscible granite liquids explains the partitioning of P2O5 into the ferrobasaltic liquid.
On a weak uniqueness for some elliptic equations

Uniqueness is proved to the Dirichlet problem for second order uniformly elliptic nondivergence equations. The coefficients of second derivatives are supposed to be continous except for a closed set having zero Hausdorff measure corresponding to the function h(s)=s α for some α>
Benign familial neonatal‐infantile seizures

We report on an autosomal dominant neonatal-infantile seizure disorder and offer criteria for establishing the diagnosis and guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of this disorder. Long-term anticonvulsant treatment usually is not required. The subsequent risk of a recurrent seizure disorder depends on whether other affected relatives developed a seizure disorder later in life. This disorder may have at least two different neonatally indistinguishable forms: one having an increased empiric risk (20%) of subsequent epilepsy, and a second which carries no increased risk. These familial neonatal-infantile seizures are termed "benign" since they are not associated with subsequent psychomotor retardation.
Low parotid saliva calmodulin in patients with taste and smell dysfunction

Parotid saliva calmodulin was found both in 32 normal volunteers and in 60 patients with taste and smell dysfunction; salivary calmodulin concentration was significantly lower in the patients than in the volunteers. There were no differences in salivary calmodulin concentration with respect to age, sex, or salivary flow rate in either normal volunteers or patients. When patients were categorized by diagnosis, calmodulin concentration was found to be decreased in all patient groups. The concentration of calmodulin in saliva was about 10 times that found in serum, suggesting that the parotid gland is a major source of this protein.
SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING FOR EXISTING OFFSHORE FACILITIES

A description is given of a cost-effective approach that would enable operators to identify the potential safety and environmental hazards of existing facilities, quantify the risks, and develop risk mitigation measures. The paper emphasises the differences in the approach needed for existing facilities compared with that normally used for safety assessment at the design stage. It shows how an audit can indicate very rapidly whether the situation is fundamentally safe, or whether there are serious deficiencies which will require a major effort to correct.
Superior mesenteric artery obstruction by intraaortic counterpulsation balloon simulating embolism: a case report.

The use of intraaortic counterpulsation balloons has been lifesaving in patients with cardiogenic shock, and indications for its use have expanded in recent years. Several complications of catheter placement and use have been reported. We report what we believe is the first instance of simulated embolization of the superior mesenteric artery by a balloon that was intermittently occluding the vessel's origin.
A pareto optimal model for automated multi-attribute negotiations

This paper presents an applicable model for complex multi-attribute negotiations between autonomous agents. The model adopts a novel protocol which decomposes the original n-dimensional negotiation space into a series of negotiation base lines and in each period agents negotiate locally based on a given base line. A belief based negotiation strategy and an offer enhancement process are proposed for agents to make base offer on the negotiation base line and search for Pareto optimal enhancements of the base offer. The model achieves asymptotic Pareto optimality.
Dermal sensitivity to different doses of spherulin and coccidioidin.

Spherulin, a new reagent, was compared with coccidioidin for eliciting delayed dermal hypersensitivity in 298 human subjects living in an area endemic for Coccidioides immitis. As standard (dilute) doses, spherulin detected 32 percent more reactors than coccidioidin. A tenfold higher concentration of spherulin showed a 50 percent higher reactor ratio than did a tenfold higher dose of coccidioidin in subjects nonreactive to the standard dose of either reagent Severe local reactions were encountered in only one subject; these reactions were produced by the low doses of both coccidioidin and spherulin. Evidence is presented that latent sensitivity to coccidioidin can be made apparent by a reaction to spherulin.
Design of a placebo-controlled clinical trial of long-acting diltiazem and aspirin versus aspirin alone in patients receiving thrombolysis with a first acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Several pharmacologic forms of adjunctive therapy, designed to enhance the efficacy of thrombolysis following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), are being explored. However, few studies have assessed the use of standard secondary prevention therapies (beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, magnesium, calcium antagonists, etc.) for antecedent thrombolysis. Although calcium antagonists have not been shown to alter post-AMI mortality, diltiazem has been shown to reduce recurrent nonfatal infarction and myocardial ischemia following non-Q-wave AMI. Because both non-Q-wave AMI and AMI treated with thrombolytic therapy result in early reperfusion and clinical manifestations of “incomplete infarction” (i.e., aborted transmural infarction), we hypothesize that prophylactic administration of diltiazem to AMI patients who receive thrombolysis before other therapies might decrease ischemic complications. We have initiated a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison of long-acting diltiazem 300 mg/day and aspirin 160 mg/day versus aspirin 160 mg/day alone in up to 920 patients with an uncomplicated first AMI (no heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction) within 36 to 96 hours of receiving thrombolysis. Active enrollment is under way at 46 centers in the United Kingdom, Belgium, The Netherlands, and Denmark. This trial (known as the I ncomplete I N farction T rial of E uropean R esearch C ollaborators E valuating P rognosis Post- T hrombolysis [diltiazem], or INTERCEPT) represents the first long-term, large-scale, prospective study of a calcium antagonist administered post-thrombolysis as adjunctive therapy to AMI patients in which the primary trial objective is to assess the effect of blinded therapy on the 6-month cumulative occurrence of a combined clinical end point (cardiac death, recurrent nonfatal AMI, and medically refractory ischemia).
Health Consequences of Organizational Injustice: Tests of Main and Interactive Effects

Abstract I report the results of two studies that explored relationships between employees' justice perceptions and their psychological well-being. In both studies, the main and interactive effects of distributive justice and procedural justice accounted for significant, unique variance in employees' psychological distress. Consistent with predictions derived from a framework that integrates stress and coping theory with justice theory, relationships between procedural justice and psychological distress were stronger when distributive justice was lower. I discuss theoretical implications for the organizational justice literature and identify the studies' limitations and practical implications.
Hidden, Invisible, Marginalized, Ignored: A Critical Review of the Professional and Empirical Literature (or Lack Thereof) on Gay and Lesbian Teachers in the United States.

ABSTRACT The author reviewed 22 articles published in professional journals related to the field of education that examined the experiences of gay and lesbian teachers and related services personnel. Ten of the 22 articles were legal analyses; five were position papers; four reported the findings of empirical research studies; three were anecdotal reports. Gay and lesbian educators have been largely excluded from empirical studies in school and classroom settings. The author recommended the development of a critical qualitative research agenda that examines the school-based experiences of gay and lesbian teachers and related services personnel.
Archaeal Surface Layer Proteins Contain β Propeller, PKD, and β Helix Domains and Are Related to Metazoan Cell Surface Proteins

Abstract The surface layer of archaeobacteria protects cells from extreme environments and, in Methanosarcina , may regulate cell adhesion. We identify three domain types that account for the complete architecture of numerous Methanosarcina surface layer proteins (SLPs). We solve the crystal structure for two of these domains, which correspond to the two N-terminal domains of an M. mazei SLP. One domain displays a unique, highly symmetrical, seven-bladed β propeller fold, and the other belongs to the polycystic kidney disease (PKD) superfamily fold. The third domain is predicted to adopt a β helix fold. These domains have homologs in metazoan cell surface proteins, suggesting remarkable relationships between domains in archaeal SLPs and metazoan cell surface proteins.
The p-hub center allocation problem

Abstract The p-hub center problem is to locate p hubs and to allocate non-hub nodes to hub nodes such that the maximum travel time (or distance) between any origin–destination pair is minimized. We address the p-hub center allocation problem, a subproblem of the location problem, where hub locations are given. We present complexity results and IP formulations for several versions of the problem. We establish that some special cases are polynomially solvable.
Carnivora systematics: immunological relationships of bear serum albumins.

Abstract 1. 1. Two antiserums to black bear serum albumin and one to raccoon albumin were used for micro-complement fixation studies of serum albumins from thirty species representing the fissiped families and two of the three pinniped families of the Carnivora. 2. 2. Two of the natiserums distinguished the albumin of Tremarctos ornatus from the other ursid species which appeared identical. 3. 3. Three antiserums placed the albumins of the Ursidae in closer relationship to the Procyonidae than to the Canidae suggesting the derivation of the ursids from an immediate procyonid ancestry. 4. 4. Divergent values for Canis, Mephitis and espicailly Panthera indicate that the concept of constant evolutionary rates of proteins is not valid over the time span of Carnivora evolution.
The utility of a single sputum specimen in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Comparison between HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected patients.

Study objectives (1) To assess the utility of a single sputum specimen in the evaluation of HIV-infected patients who are suspected of having tuberculosis (TB). (2) To identify radiographic findings that discriminate between HIV-infected patients with TB and those with pneumonia of other causes. Design Retrospective cohort analysis. Patients All patients evaluated at Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, between January 1986 and July 1994 in whom culture of respiratory secretions grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium-complex . Patients who were coinfected with HIV formed the primary study group. Their chest radiographs were then compared with those of a matched group of patients with pneumonia of other causes. Measurements and results We identified 164 patients with TB, 20 of whom were HIV infected. The initial sputum specimen grew M tuberculosis in all HIV-infected patients and 99% of non-HIV-infected patients. Seventy percent of HIV-infected and 71% of non-HIV-infected patients had at least one positive smear. Most of these patients tested positive on their initial smear, and no significant difference was found between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients (79% and 90%, respectively [p=0.34]). The addition of a second sputum smear identified all HIV-infected patients and all but one in non-HIV-infected patients who were ultimately determined to be smear positive. A total of 27 HIV-infected patients had a positive acid-fast bacilli sputum smear during the study period, 14 of which were attributable to TB (specificity=52%). The only radiographic findings that discriminated between HIV-infected patients with TB and those with pneumonia of other causes were the presence of cavitation or a miliary pattern (p=0.014). Conclusions A single sputum specimen was sufficient to establish the diagnosis in all HIV-infected patients with pulmonary TB. A single negative sputum smear made the diagnosis of TB significantly less likely. However, a minimum of two smears were necessary to achieve an acceptable early diagnostic yield. The presenting chest radiograph failed to discriminate between HIV-infected patients with TB and pneumonia of other causes in most cases.
Viscosity of bimodal and polydisperse colloidal suspensions

We present a theoretical framework for the viscosity of bimodal and polydisperse colloidal suspensions. For colloidal dispersions both interparticle forces between pairs of particles and many-particle effects such as depletion forces can have a significant effect on rheology. As hydrodynamic interactions are also important for colloidal systems, a theoretical description that includes hydrodynamic and thermodynamic interactions is required. An integral equation theory for multicomponent systems accounts for the contribution of thermodynamic interactions to the viscosity of dispersions. Introduction of small particles into a system of larger particles causes depletion forces between the large particles that increase the viscosity, while replacing large particles with an equal volume fraction of small particles increases the free volume in the system and decreases the viscosity. The integral equations model both of these effects in concentrated suspensions and provide a microscopic interpretation of free volume changes as changes in radial distribution functions. For a bimodal mixture they predict a dependence of the viscosity on size ratio, composition, and total volume fraction. Polydispersity is modeled by a small number of components whose sizes and weights are chosen to match the moments of the size distribution. This theory predicts a reduction in viscosity due to polydispersity and explains conflicting experimental measurement of the viscosity of hard-sphere colloids. Existing theoretical approaches that neglect the multiparticle correlations, included through the integral equations, yield qualitatively incorrect results for the change in the viscosity relative to monodisperse systems.
Gender, Self-Esteem and Height:

The relationship between height and self-esteem was examined among male (n = 85) and female (n = 125) college students (n = 210). It was hypothesized that self-esteem would increase with height for...
Variability in knee laxity in anterior cruciate ligament deficiency using a mechanized model

To establish normative values for the magnitude of anterior tibial translation (ATT) in the Lachman and pivot shift tests in the intact and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient states, and to explore whether a correlation in ATT magnitude exists between the Lachman and pivot shift tests. Twenty-six fresh frozen cadaveric hip-to-toe specimens were used. Mechanized testing was performed to simulate both a Lachman and pivot shift test with the ACL intact. Tests were repeated after sectioning the ACL. ATT was recorded using a computer navigation system. Difference in ATT after sectioning was calculated for each specimen. For the Lachman, mean lateral compartment ATT in the intact knee was 5.3 mm (SD = 2.8 mm). After sectioning the ACL, translation increased to 11.4 mm (SD = 3.9 mm; P < 0.05). For the mechanized pivot shift, mean lateral compartment ATT in the intact knee was −0.2 mm (SD = 2.6 mm). After sectioning the ACL, translation increased to 8.2 mm (SD = 3.1 mm; P < 0.05). No correlation in the magnitude of ATT was found between the intact and ACL-deficient knees for either the Lachman or pivot shift tests, or between both tests (Cronbach’s α < 0.7). No correlation was found between the Lachman and pivot shift test in both the intact and ACL-deficient knee. This suggests that the Lachman cannot be used as a surrogate for the pivot shift as the magnitude of the Lachman did not predict the magnitude of the pivot shift.
Sequential Modelling of the Planning and Scheduling Problems of Flexible Manufacturing Systems

Research on the planning and scheduling issues of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) has not been sparse. Most, if not all, studies, however, have focused on either developing the planning model or examining the performance of different scheduling rules. To date, the FMS planning and scheduling problems have not been studied together, though they are highly interrelated. This paper takes a first step to simultaneously address the planning and scheduling problems of flexible manufacturing systems. The problems are solved as a hierarchical process. We first integrate and formulate batching, loading, and routeing, three of the most important FMS planning problems, as a 0-1 mixed integer program. According to the optimal decisions provided by the integrated planning model, we then develop an off-line scheduling scheme that is capable of generating detail parts sequencing in the sequence independent environment (i.e. the operations are not constrained by a process sequence). Finally, we suggest several extensions and future research directions.
Magnetism of iron. II

A previously developed theory of the magnetism of iron, based upon the notion of a randomized exchange field, is modified and extended. It is shown that Coulomb fields arise in association with the randomized exchange field; the modification allows one to take into account these fields, which are found to change the details of the previous results without affecting the main conclusions. The theory has been extended to calculate the properties of the model at finite temperatures: the Curie temperature (1840 K), the magnetization curve, the paramagnetic susceptibility (a Curie-Weiss law), and the effective interatomic exchange coupling are calculated for iron. The magnitudes of the atomic spin moments were found to vary little up to 1.5 times the Curie temperature.
18S rRNA Processing Requires the RNA Helicase-Like Protein Rrp3

We report the identification of a new gene, RRP3 (rRNA processing), which is required for pre-rRNA processing. Rrp3 is a 60.9 kDa protein that is required for maturation of the 35S primary transcript of pre-rRNA and is required for cleavages leading to mature 18S RNA. RRP3 was identified in a PCR screen for DEAD box genes. DEAD box genes are part of a large family of proteins homologous to the eukaryotic transcription factor elF-4a. Most of these proteins are RNA-dependent ATPases and some of them have RNA helicase activity. This is the third yeast DEAD box protein that has been shown to be involved in rRNA assembly, but the only one required for the processing of 18S RNA. Mutants of the two other putative helicases, Spb4 and Drsl, both show processing defects in 25S rRNA maturation. In strains where Rrp3 is depleted, 35S precursor RNA is improperly processed. Cleavage normally occurs at sites A0O, Al and A2, but in the Rrp3 depletion stain cleavage occurs between A2 and B1. Rrp3 has been purified to homogeneity and has a weak RNA-dependent ATPase activity which is not specific for rRNA.
Atherothrombogenicity of Lipoprotein(a): The Debate

Although lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) has been recognized as an atherothrombogenic factor, the underlying mechanisms for this pathogenicity have not been clearly defined. Plasma levels have received most of the attention in this regard; however, discrepancies among population studies have surfaced. Particularly limited is the information on the fate of Lp(a) that enters the arterial wall, in terms of mechanisms of endothelial transport and interactions with cells and macromolecules of the extracellular matrix. A typical Lp(a) represents a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle having as a protein moiety apo B-100 linked by a single interchain disulfide bond to a unique multikringle glycoprotein, called apolipoprotein(a) (apo[a]). In vitro studies have shown that Lp(a) can be dissected into its constituents, LDL and apo(a). In turn, the latter can be cleaved by enzymes of the elastase and metalloproteinase families into fragments that exhibit a differential behavior in terms of binding to macromolecules of the extracellular matrix: fibrinogen, fibronectin, and proteoglycans. By immunochemical criteria, apo(a) predominantly localizes in areas of human arteries affected by the atherosclerotic process, where elastase and metalloproteinase enzymes operate and where apo(a) fragments are potentially generated. The accumulation of these fragments in the vessel wall is likely to depend on their affinity for the constituents of the extracellular matrix. Thus, factors that modulate inflammation and inflammation-mediated fragmentation of Lp(a)/apo(a) may play an important role in the cardiovascular pathogenicity of Lp(a). This pathogenicity may be attenuated by measures directed at preventing the activation of those vascular cells that secrete enzymes with a proteolytic potential for Lp(a)/apo(a), namely, leukocytes, macrophages, and T cells.
Analytical second-order geometrical derivatives of energy for the self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding method.

Analytical formulation of the second-order geometrical derivatives of energy for the self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method is presented. To test its quality and numerical performance, the derived formalism has been coded and applied for calculation of harmonic vibrational frequencies for a set of 17 small and medium size molecules. For this set, the average absolute deviation from experiment is 99 cm−1 for SCC-DFTB vs 62 cm−1 for the Moller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory with the cc-pVDZ basis set (MP2/cc-pVDZ) and 32 cm−1 for the B3LYP density functional method with the same basis set (B3LYP/cc-pVDZ), while the maximal deviation is 465 cm−1 vs 1741 cm−1 for MP2/cc-pVDZ and 112 cm−1 for B3LYP/cc-pVDZ. The SCC-DFTB results are in reasonable agreement with experiments as well as with ab initio and density-functional results, and are better than other semiempirical methods. The SCC-DFTB method allows for considerable computational time saving when compared to other methods while retaining similar overall accuracy. Data for a series of conjugated polyenes show that an analytical formulation of SCC-DFTB is noticeably faster than its numerical formulation.