cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methylation and synthesis of transfer ribonucleic acid in synchronized Chinese hamster fibroblasts

Abstract The temporal sequence of the methylation and synthesis of tRNA during the cell cycle has been measured. The rate of synthesis of tRNA remains constant throughout the cell cycle but the rate of methylation of tRNA varies five-fold. There is no “turnover” of either methyl groups or tRNA. The differential activities probably give rise to a changing methyl content of the tRNA “pool”. This change is positively correlated with the rate of protein synthesis in the cell cycle.
A modular memory scheme for array processing

This paper presents a parallel memory scheme suited for pipelined processing units. The scheme is shown to be modular, relatively low cost and flexible. The scheme allows an arbitrary number of variables in the vector operations. It is shown that data alignment is handled by a simple interconnection scheme and that the interconnection scheme can be implemented in the memory modules. It is shown that the scheme facilitates efficient implementation of the Perfect Shuffle interconnection, hence the implementation of parallel algorithms using that interconnection scheme.
New measurements of crystal doming over the Socorro magma body, New Mexico

Recent releveling measurements conducted in the Socorro area of the Rio Grande rift specifically to study possible crustal deformation indicate uplift of the central part of the rift (Socorro) relative to bench marks to the west (Magdalena). Total relative uplift measured along the newly releveled line between 1934 and 1978.7 reached 10 ± 1 cm. Combining this new information with previously reported releveling data suggests a roughly elliptical uplift affecting at least 7,000 km 2 . Maximum observed uplift near the center of this area reaches about 20 cm relative to the periphery. The uplift occurs directly above an unusual crustal discontinuity at a depth of about 20 km below this part of the rift. This discontinuity, discovered on the basis of seismic evidence, has been inferred to be the upper boundary of an extensive magma body. The spatial coincidence of the zone of uplift and the presumed magma body, the persistent microearth-quake activity, and the modeling results strongly suggest that the observed movements result from expansion of the Socorro magma body. Although available data are not sufficient to determine uniquely the temporal behavior of the doming, the observations are consistent with more or less continuous uplift averaging about 5 mm/yr during the time the movements were monitored (1909 to 1979). The average inflation rate within the magma body required to produce the observed uplift is on the order of 1 to 2 × 10 −2 km 3 /yr and is consistent with measurements in volcanic regions. Although less clearly defined, the leveling data also suggest relative uplift within the Albuquerque-Belen Basin well beyond the presumed northern boundary of the Socorro magma body. If this uplift is associated with magmatic activity, the Socorro magma body extends considerably farther north than previously expected, or another magma body lies beneath the Albuquerque-Belen Basin.
The effects of PM2.5 and its components from indoor and outdoor sources on cough and wheeze symptoms in asthmatic children.

Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with asthma exacerbation. In the Children’s Air Pollution Asthma Study, we investigated the longitudinal association of PM2.5 and its components from indoor and outdoor sources with cough and wheeze symptoms in 36 asthmatic children. The sulfur tracer method was used to estimate infiltration factors. Mixed proportional odds models for an ordinal response were used to relate daily cough and wheeze scores to PM2.5 exposures. The odds ratio associated with being above a given symptom score for a SD increase in PM2.5 from indoor sources (PMIS) was 1.24 (95% confidence interval: 0.92–1.68) for cough and 1.63 (1.11–2.39) for wheeze. Ozone was associated with wheeze (1.82, 1.19–2.80), and cough was associated with indoor PM2.5 components from outdoor sources (denoted with subscript “OS”) bromine (BrOS: 1.32, 1.05–1.67), chlorine (ClOS: 1.27, 1.02–1.59) and pyrolyzed organic carbon (OPOS: 1.49, 1.12–1.99). The highest effects were seen in the winter for cough with sulfur (SOS: 2.28, 1.01–5.16) and wheeze with organic carbon fraction 2 (OC2OS: 7.46, 1.19–46.60). Our results indicate that exposure to components originating from outdoor sources of photochemistry, diesel and fuel oil combustion is associated with symptom’s exacerbation, especially in the winter. PM2.5 mass of indoor origin was more strongly associated with wheeze than with cough.
Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 LANA Is Essential for Virus Reactivation from Splenocytes but Not Long-Term Carriage of Viral Genome

ORF73, which encodes the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA), is a conserved gamma-2-herpesvirus gene. The murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) LANA (mLANA) is critical for efficient virus replication and the establishment of latent infection following intranasal inoculation. To test whether the initial host immune response limits the capacity of mLANA-null virus to traffic to and establish latency in the spleen, we infected type I interferon receptor knockout (IFN-/R / ) mice via intranasal inoculation and observed the presence of viral genome-positive splenocytes at day 18 postinfection at approximately 10-fold-lower levels than in the genetically repaired marker rescue-infected mice. However, no mLANA-null virus reactivation from infected IFN-/R / splenocytes was observed. To more thoroughly define a role of mLANA in MHV68 infection, we evaluated the capacity of an mLANA-null virus to establish and maintain infection apart from restriction in the lungs of immunocompetent mice. At day 18 following intraperitoneal infection of C57BL/6 mice, the mLANA-null virus was able to establish a chronic infection in the spleen albeit at a 5-fold-reduced level. However, as in IFN-/R / mice, little or no virus reactivation could be detected from mLANA-null virusinfected splenocytes upon explant. An examination of peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) following intraperitoneal inoculation revealed nearly equivalent frequencies of PECs harboring the mLANA-null virus relative to the marker rescue virus. Furthermore, although significantly compromised, mLANA-null virus reactivation from PECs was detected upon explant. Notably, at later times postinfection, the frequency of mLANA-null genomepositive splenocytes was indistinguishable from that of marker rescue virus-infected animals. Analyses of viral genome-positive splenocytes revealed the absence of viral episomes in mLANA-null infected mice, suggesting that the viral genome is integrated or maintained in a linear state. Thus, these data provide the first evidence that a LANA homolog is directly involved in the formation and/or maintenance of an extrachromosomal viral episome in vivo, which is likely required for the reactivation of MHV68.
Thrust law effects on the longitudinal stability of hypersonic cruise

In the present analytical treatment of the cruising flight stability of an aerospacecraft in nearly circular orbit, on the basis of a thrust law which arbitrarily depends on altitude, speed, and angle of attack, attention is given to thrust law effects on the translational (height and phugoid) and rotational (angle of attack) modes. The partial derivatives of the propulsive forces in conjunction with the aerodynamic forces, with respect to speed and altitude, are noted to exert a major influence on the stability of translational dynamics; the partial derivative of the component of propulsive and aerodynamic forces which is perpendicular to vehicle velocity (with respect to the angle of attack) is a primary determinant of the damping of angle-of-attack oscillations, while the partial derivative of the sum about the center of mass of aerodynamic and propulsive pitching moments, with respect to the angle of attack, determines the corresponding period.
Quantifying the search space for multi-agent system decision-making organizations

When a group comes together to pursue a goal, how should the group interact? Both theory and practice show no single organization always performs best; the best organization depends on context. Therefore, a group should adapt how it interacts to fit the situation. In a Multi-Agent System (MAS), a Decision-Making Framework (DMF) specifies the allocation of decision-making and action-execution responsibilities for a set of goals among agents within the MAS. Adaptive Decision-Making Frameworks (ADMF) is the ability to change the DMF, changing which agents are responsible for decision-making and action-execution for a set of goals. Prior research embedded ADMF capabilities within an agent to search, evaluate, select, and establish a DMF for a given situation and given goal(s) the agent sought to achieve. Using the ADMF capability, the MultiAgent System improved system performance compared to using the same, static Decision-Making Framework (DMF) in all situations (Martin, 2001). While the motivation for an agent possessing ADMF has been proven and an example MAS system with agents employing ADMF has been built, interesting questions arise as one investigates the ability of an agent to find the “best,” or “near optimal” or “sufficient” DMF among all the possible DMFs. This paper presents initial exploration of this investigation by asking, “How large is the DMF search space for an agent?” This paper presents tight computational bounds on the size of the search space for Decision-Making Frameworks by applying combinatorial mathematics. The DMF representation is also shown to be a factor in the size of this search space.
Autoethnographic Emotion: Studying and Living Emotional Labor in the Scholarly Life

In this paper, I planned to describe emotional labor at domestic violence shelter, and to examine how it both hurts and enhances employees. But then I ran into a crisis of representation. How can I tell their stories when I haven't formulated my own? This autoethnography attempts to enact a “loving epistemology” (Laible, 2000) to explore the paradoxes of being a feminist teacher and a scholar and constructing a life, and examines the emotional labor involved in studying emotional labor.
A STUDY OF PARAMETERS THAT INFLUENCE THE HPLC AND CE SEPARATION OF DOUBLE STRANDED DNA FRAGMENTS AND DNA MUTANTS

The present study evaluates HPLC and CE experimental parameters, such as column packing properties, mobile phase pH, column temperature, and gel type on the separation of DNA fragments and heteroduplexes. The results of this study show that both HPLC and CE are useful techniques for the separation of DNA fragments and for the detection of DNA mutants. Not all HPLC columns tested resolved the DNA fragments or detected the mutation. The packing material type and physical and chemical properties play a significant role. It was found that ion-pair DHPLC is easier and faster than single capillary CE for detecting DNA mutants at their melting temperature (5 min. vs 25 min.). However, CE is faster for the separation of DNA fragments (6.5 min. vs 20 min.). Most HPLC column packing materials tested resolved small DNA fragments, less than 200 bp, but not large fragments, greater than 200 bp. DNA fragments, 21–587 bp, are resolved by DHPLC at 40–50°C, but not at room temperature, using special columns; ultra pure, l...
An overview of computer-integrated surgery at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center

This paper describes some past and current research activities at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center. We begin with a brief overview of the emerging field of computer-integrated surgery, followed by a research strategy that enables a computer-oriented research laboratory such as ours to participate in this emerging field. We then present highlights of our past and current research in four key areas—orthopaedics, craniofacial surgery, minimally invasive surgery, and medical modeling—and elaborate on the relationship of this work to emerging topics in computer-integrated surgery.
HIGH-ENERGY LIMIT OF FORM FACTORS

This theorem is proved: For finite charge renormalization constant Z3-1, the form factors describing any vertex with two particles on the mass shell must vanish at infinite momentum transfer. The relation of this result to the work of Lehmann, Symanzik, and Zimmermann is discussed.
Effects of voltage and respiration on impedance in nonthoracotomy defibrillation pathways

Abstract The effects of applied voltage and phase of respiration on impedance of pathways used by implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were investigated. Patients were studied at implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators using epicardial (n = 12) or transvenous and subcutaneous (SQ) (n = 30) electrodes. Transvenous-SQ pathways were right ventricular cathode to SQ anode and coronary sinus cathode to SQ anode. Transvenoustransvenous pathways were right ventricle to coronary sinus and right ventricle to superior vena cava. Patients with nonthoracotomy electrode systems were studied at end-expiration and end-Inspiration. Five shocks of 65 to 745 V (0.2 to 34 J) were given in random order in sinus rhythm. Over this range, end-expiratory impedance decreased monotonically for all pathways. This effect was greatest for transvenous-SQ pathways (13 ± 3% to 17 ± 4%, p
Prevalence, Course, and Risk Factors for Executive Impairment in Patients Hospitalized on a General Medicine Service

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, course, and risk factors for executive impairment in patients hospitalized on a general medicine service. One hundred patients were administered the Executive Interview (EXIT25), the Executive Clock Drawing Task (CLOX), and the Mini-Mental State Examination at admission and discharge. Fifty-two percent of the patients at admission and 56% at discharge had scores indicating impairment on at least one measure of executive function. Median scores on every measure improved during hospitalization. Older patients and those with a cardiac or gastrointestinal disorder were more likely to have executive impairment. The prevalence of executive impairment on general medicine services is high. Although improvement in executive function occurs during hospitalization, many patients remained impaired.
Marginal zone and germinal center development in the spleens of neonatally thymectomized and nonthymectomized young rats

Spleens from neonatally thymectomized and nonthymectomized young rats were studied histologically and histochemically to elucidate the development of the splenic immune system with and without thymus. In intact animals primitive germinal center activity could be elicited with antigen as early as 13 days of age. More definitive germinal centers lacking tingible body macrophages were observed at 18 days of age. Germinal centers containing tingible body macrophages did not develop until 35 days of age in response to antigenic stimulation. This coincided with maximal development of the marginal zone of medium-sized lymphocytes and the mature development of nodular macrophages possessing strong acid phosphatase activity. Neonatally thymectomized rats developed marginal zones and germinal centers similar to control littermates when the young animals were maintained on tetracycline. Thymectomized animals not given tetracycline showed disturbances in splenic development. These are discussed. The results suggest that the thymus may be critical to the immune system in rats from birth to about 30 days of age but is not essential to its function beyond this period. Marginal zone lymphocytes and germinal center cells proliferate normally and mature to the plasma cell stage in the absence of a thymus if the animals are maintained on tetracycline beyond this critical age.
An expectation and maximization algorithm for estimating Q × E interaction effects

A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) implemented Bayesian method has been developed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) effects and Q × E interaction effects. However, the MCMC algorithm is time consuming due to repeated samplings of QTL parameters. We developed an expectation and maximization (EM) algorithm as an alternative method for detecting QTL and Q × E interaction. Simulation studies and real data analysis showed that the EM algorithm produced comparable result as the Bayesian method, but with a speed many magnitudes faster than the MCMC algorithm. We used the EM algorithm to analyze a well known barley dataset produced by the North American Barley Genome Mapping Project. The dataset contained eight quantitative traits collected from 150 doubled-haploid (DH) lines evaluated in multiple environments. Each line was genotyped for 495 polymorphic markers. The result showed that all eight traits exhibited QTL main effects and Q × E interaction effects. On average, the main effects and Q × E interaction effects contributed 34.56 and 16.23% of the total phenotypic variance, respectively. Furthermore, we found that whether or not a locus shows Q × E interaction does not depend on the presence of main effect.
Matched filtering for subgraph detection in dynamic networks

Graphs are high-dimensional, non-Euclidean data, whose utility spans a wide variety of disciplines. While their non-Euclidean nature complicates the application of traditional signal processing paradigms, it is desirable to seek an analogous detection framework. In this paper we present a matched filtering method for graph sequences, extending to a dynamic setting a previous method for the detection of anomalously dense subgraphs in a large background. In simulation, we show that this temporal integration technique enables the detection of weak subgraph anomalies than are not detectable in the static case. We also demonstrate background/foreground separation using a real background graph based on a computer network.
Visual motion and attentional capture.

Previous work has shown that abrupt visual onsets capture attention. This occurs even with stimuli that are equiluminant with the background, which suggests that the appearance of a new perceptual object, not merely a change in luminance, captures attention. Three experiments are reported in which this work was extended by investigating the possible role of visual motion in attentional capture. Experiment 1 revealed that motion can efficiently guide attention when it is perfectly informative about the location of a visual search target, but that it does not draw attention when it does not predict the target’s position. This result was obtained with several forms of motion, including oscillation, looming, and nearby moving contours. To account for these and other results, we tested anew-object account of attentional capture in Experiment 2 by using a global/local paradigm. When motion segregated a local letter from its perceptual group, the local letter captured attention as indexed by an effect on latency of response to the task-relevant global configuration. Experiment 3 ruled out the possibility that the motion in Experiment 2 captured attention merely by increasing the salience of the moving object. We argue instead that when motion segregates a perceptual element from a perceptual group, a new perceptual object is created, and this event captures attention. Together, the results suggest that motion as such does not capture attention but that the appearance of a new perceptual object does.
Mechanistic studies of a flavin-dependent thymidylate synthase.

The ThyA gene that encodes for thymidylate synthase (TS) is absent in the genomes of a large number of bacteria, including several human pathogens. Many of these bacteria also lack the genes for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidine kinase and are totally dependent on an alternative enzyme for thymidylate synthesis. Thy1 encodes flavin-dependent TS (FDTS, previously denoted as TSCP) and shares no sequence homology with classical TS genes. Mechanistic studies of a FDTS from Thermotoga maritima (TM0449) are presented here. Several isotopic labeling experiments reveal details of the catalyzed reaction, and a chemical mechanism that is consistent with the experimental data is proposed. The reaction proceeds via a ping-pong mechanism where nicotinamide binding and release precedes the oxidative half-reaction. The enzyme is primarily pro-R specific with regard to the nicotinamide (NADPH), the oxidation of which is the rate-limiting step of the whole catalytic cascade. An enzyme-bound flavin is reduced wi...
Hierarchical modeling and prediction of spectrum auction revenue by a posteriori clusters

The electromagnetic spectrum is a crucial asset for wireless technology innovation and for the industry's economy. We examine spectrum auction-related databases, construct a hierarchical data matrix, and propose an optimal auction revenue model. The model incorporates statistically derived deterministic and stochastic variables to develop a spectrum valuation methodology for its primary market. Our study reveals that the underlying regulations, bidding behavior, and spectrum demands due to wireless technology advancement are effectively elucidated by the selected explanatory variables and are highly correlated with auction revenues. This paper is the first to introduce a hierarchical modeling technique that incorporates a multilevel data matrix culminated from 3995 licenses of 15 Federal Communications Commission spectrum auctions to enable economic valuation for future spectrum auctions. Furthermore, the results of this study can be applied to evaluate the significance of sunk costs, winner's curses, and...
ACCUMULATION RATE MEASUREMENTS AT TAYLOR DOME, EAST ANTARCTICA: TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES FOR MASS BALANCE MEASUREMENTS IN POLAR ENVIRONMENTS

Accumulation rate measurements on the East Ant- arctic plateau are challenging due to both spatial and temporal var- iability. Annual stratigraphy is often not reliably or consistently preserved in the fim, and so accumulation cannot be determined from snow pit stratigraphy. We present a suite of accumulation rate measurements collected over several seasons at Taylor Dome, East Antarctica. We compare net accumulation results from direct burial rate measurements and fi-activity firn cores along a 35 km traverse. The two methods are consistent and show that the net accumulation varies from greater than 10 cm a-1 to about 1 cm a-' (ice equivalent) southwest to northeast across the dome. We map the depth of shallow radar layering to interpolate and extrapolate these point-location measurements and show that considerable variations occur over kilometer scales resulting from subtle surface topography. We also present accumulation rates es- timated from concentration of the cosmogenic isotope l?Be and from activity profiles of 210Pb. Finally, satellite passive micro- wave data are used to estimate spatially averaged accumulation rates on the regional to continental scale to provide a context for these local observations. We show that robust mass balance meas- urements in this environment must rely on spatial and/or temporal averaging.
Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria.

Secondary bile acids, produced solely by intestinal bacteria, can accumulate to high levels in the enterohepatic circulation of some individuals and may contribute to the pathogenesis of colon cancer, gallstones, and other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Bile salt hydrolysis and hydroxy group dehydrogenation reactions are carried out by a broad spectrum of intestinal anaerobic bacteria, whereas bile acid 7-dehydroxylation appears restricted to a limited number of intestinal anaerobes representing a small fraction of the total colonic flora. Microbial enzymes modifying bile salts differ between species with respect to pH optima, enzyme kinetics, substrate specificity, cellular location, and possibly physiological function. Crystallization, site-directed mutagenesis, and comparisons of protein secondary structure have provided insight into the mechanisms of several bile acid-biotransforming enzymatic reactions. Molecular cloning of genes encoding bile salt-modifying enzymes has facilitated the understanding of the genetic organization of these pathways and is a means of developing probes for the detection of bile salt-modifying bacteria. The potential exists for altering the bile acid pool by targeting key enzymes in the 7α/β-dehydroxylation pathway through the development of pharmaceuticals or sequestering bile acids biologically in probiotic bacteria, which may result in their effective removal from the host after excretion.
Non-linear air bearing dynamics of a six degrees of freedom magnetic recording slider with head-disk contact/impact

A large-scale theoretical and computational method for dynamic air bearing simulation of realistic magnetic head sliders, allowing contact between slider and disk, is presented. This model is coupled with the six degrees of freedom slider/disk contact/impact theoretical and computational model developed by V. Ponnaganti et al. (1987). Numerical results for several head/disk interactions are presented. >
TEMPERATURE AND SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE LUMINESCENCE SPECTRUM OF C70 : ASSIGNMENT OF THE LOWEST SINGLET AND TRIPLET STATES

The temperature, solvent, and concentration dependence of the fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of C{sub 70} in glassy solutions have been examined. Spectra have been recorded over the temperature range 4-200 K. In addition, the AC Stark field modulated phosphorescence and the phosphorescence of {sup 13}C{sub 70} have been recorded and analyzed. The lowest triplet state is identified as a {sup 3}E{sub 1}` state and the vibronic structure consists primarily of Herzberg-Teller active e{sub 2}` modes. The intensity of the electronic origin is comparable to the vibronically induced intensity and is extraordinarily solvent sensitive. The solvent sensitivity exhibited by the spectra is shown to have the same origins as that observed in benzene and pyrene, but is several times greater in magnitude. Analysis of the spectra suggests that two electronic excited states contribute to the observed phosphorescence spectrum. 27 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.
Veterinary antibiotic sorption to agroforestry buffer, grass buffer and cropland soils

The potential of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) to impact human and environmental health requires the development and evaluation of land management practices that mitigate VA loss from manure-treated agroecosystems. Vegetative buffer strips (VBS) are postulated to be one management tool that can reduce VA transport to surface water resources. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulfadimethoxine (SDT) sorption to agroforestry buffer, grass buffer, and cropland soils, (2) evaluate differences in VA sorption to soils collected from different vegetative management and soil series, and (3) elucidate relationships between soil properties and VA sorption. Sorption/extraction isotherms for OTC were well-fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model (r 2 > 0.86). OTC was strongly adsorbed by all soils and the VA was not readily extractable. OTC and SDT solid to solution partition coefficients (K d) values are significantly greater for soils planted to VBS relative to grain crops. Significant differences in OTC and SDT K d values were also noted among the soil series studied. Linear regression analyses indicate that clay content and pH were the most important soil properties controlling OTC and SDT adsorption, respectively. Results from this study suggest that agroforestry and grass buffer strips may effectively mitigate antibiotic loss from agroecosystems, in part, due to enhanced antibiotic sorption properties.
The Rad6/18 Ubiquitin Complex Interacts with the Epstein-Barr Virus Deubiquitinating Enzyme, BPLF1, and Contributes to Virus Infectivity

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encodes BPLF1, a lytic cycle protein with deubiquitinating activity that is contained in its N-terminal domain and conserved across the Herpesviridae. EBV replication is associated with cellular DNA replication and repair factors, and initiation of EBV lytic replication induces a DNA damage response, which can be regulated at least in part by BPLF1. The cellular DNA repair pathway, translesion synthesis (TLS), is disrupted by BPLF1, which deubiquitinates the DNA processivity factor, PCNA, and inhibits the recruitment of the TLS polymerase, polymerase eta (Pol eta), after damage to DNA by UV irradiation. Here we showed that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, which activates TLS repair by monoubiquitination of PCNA, is also affected by BPLF1 deubiquitinating activity. First, BPLF1 interacts directly with Rad18, and overexpression of BPLF1 results in increased levels of the Rad18 protein, suggesting that it stabilizes Rad18. Next, expression of functionally active BPLF1 caused relocalization of Rad18 into nuclear foci, which is consistent with sites of cellular DNA replication that occur during S phase. Also, levels of Rad18 remain constant during lytic reactivation of wild-type virus, but reactivation of BPLF1 knockout virus resulted in decreased levels of Rad18. Finally, the contribution of Rad18 levels to infectious virus production was examined with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Rad18. Results demonstrated that reducing levels of Rad18 decreased production of infectious virus, and infectious titers of BPLF1 knockout virus were partially restored by overexpression of Rad18. Thus, BPLF1 interacts with and maintains Rad18 at high levels during lytic replication, which assists in production of infectious virus. IMPORTANCE Characterization of EBV BPLF1's deubiquitinating activity and identification of its targets and subsequent functional effects remain little studied. All members of the Herpesviridae contain BPLF1 homologs with conserved enzymatic activity, and findings discovered with EBV BPLF1 are likely applicable to other members of the family. Discovery of new targets of BPLF1 will point to cellular pathways and viral processes regulated by the enzymatic activity of the EBV-encoded deubiquitinating enzyme. Here we determined the importance of the cellular ubiquitin ligase Rad18 in these processes and how it is affected by BPLF1. Our findings demonstrate that EBV can co-opt Rad18 as a novel accessory factor in the production of infectious virus.
Alcohol Use Disorders: A Social Worker's Guide to Clinical Assessment

ABSTRACT Alcohol use disorders are primarily characterized by excessive consumption of alcohol and the behavioral, cognitive, and psychosocial problems associated with problem drinking. Although social workers are routinely involved in the treatment of people with problems related to alcohol, there is limited literature in professional social work concerning practical assessment instruments that social workers may use to guide effective practice. This article reviews a number of empirically supported instruments for the diagnosis and assessment of alcohol dependence and abuse in social work practice settings.
Repeat Biopsy Strategy in Men with Isolated Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia on Prostate Needle Biopsy

AbstractPurpose: Isolated high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on needle biopsy of the prostate is a strong predictor of malignancy on repeat biopsy. However, the optimal repeat biopsy technique for these patients has not been defined.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 66 men in whom isolated prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was found on needle biopsy of the prostate. We evaluated the side and/or quadrant and grade of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on initial biopsy, and compared the findings to the location of cancer on repeat biopsy.Results: Of 66 men 31 (47 percent) had cancer on repeat biopsy, with disease on the same side of the prostate as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in 20 (64 percent). The quadrant locations of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer matched in 6 of 12 cases (50 percent). Low and high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia predicted the side of cancer on repeat biopsy in 3 of 5 (60 percent) and 17 of 26 (65 percent) cases, respecti...
NMR spectra of the cycloaddition adducts between tetracyanoethylene oxide and norbornadiene derivatives

The NMR spectra of the cycloaddition adducts between tetracyanoethylene oxide (TCNEO) and norbornadiene derivatives have been studied. It was shown that there was significant long-range coupling between 7-anti and endo hydrogens in the adducts and that this long-range coupling was solvent dependent. Based on the present study it is concluded that the long-range coupling between endo and anti hydrogens can be as high as 4·1 Hz when an electronegative substituent is attached to the carbon which bears endo hydrogen.
A new type of DNA “light-switch”: a dual photochemical sensor and metalating agent for duplex and G-quadruplex DNA

Ru(bpy)2dppz, a well studied “light-switch” metal complex, transforms into a photochemical “light-switch” and DNA damaging agent by incorporating structural strain. This distorted compound is photoreactive and ejects a ligand upon binding duplex and G-quadruplex DNA, producing a reactive metal center that metalates the DNA.
LocaWard: A security and privacy aware location-based rewarding system

The proliferation of mobile devices has driven the mobile marketing to surge in the past few years. Emerging as a new type of mobile marketing, mobile location-based services (MLBSs) have attracted intense attention recently. Unfortunately, current MLBSs have a lot of limitations and raise many concerns, especially about system security and users' privacy. In this paper, we propose a new location-based rewarding system, called LocaWard, where mobile users can collect location-based tokens from token distributors, and then redeem their gathered tokens at token collectors for beneficial rewards. Tokens act as virtual currency. The token distributors and collectors can be any commercial entities or merchants that wish to attract customers through such a promotion system, such as stores, restaurants, and car rental companies. We develop a security and privacy aware location-based rewarding protocol for the LocaWard system, and prove the completeness and soundness of the protocol. Moreover, we show that the system is resilient to various attacks and mobile users' privacy can be well protected in the meantime. We finally implement the system and conduct extensive experiments to validate the system efficiency in terms of computation, communication, energy consumption, and storage costs.
Maintaining physical activity among older adults: six-month outcomes of the Keep Active Minnesota randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluate the 6-month efficacy of Keep Active Minnesota, a phone- and mail-based physical activity maintenance intervention designed for use with adults age 50 to 70 years who have increased their physical activity within the past year. METHOD: Participants (N=1049) recruited in 2004 and 2005 from one large managed-care organization in Minnesota were randomly assigned to either treatment (N=523) or usual care (N=526) with physical activity assessed using the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire, and expressed as kcal/week expenditures. RESULTS: Total physical activity at baseline was similar for treatment and usual care participants (p<0.44) as was moderate/vigorous physical activity (p<0.21). Maintenance of physical activity was higher among treatment participants whose mean 6-month change in total kcal/week energy expenditure was -91, compared to -683 for usual care participants (p<0.002). Mean 6-month change in kcal/week expenditure in moderate or vigorous activities was -49 for treatment participants, compared to -612 for usual care participants (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This phone- and mail-based physical activity maintenance intervention is efficacious at maintaining physical activity at 6 months. Language: en
Successful treatment of neonatal aortic thrombosis with tissue plasminogen activator

The widespread use of invasive vascular catheters in neonates has increased thrombotic complications and the need for specific thrombolytic therapy. First-generation thrombolytic drugs, including streptokinase and urokinase, lack clot specificity, fail to lyse formed clots effectively, and cause systemic proteolysis. The resulting hemorrhage has limited their use in neonatal thrombotic disease. The introduction of more clot-selective second-generatio n thrombolytic agents, including tissue plasminogen activator, may make thrombolytic therapy acceptably safe for neonates. We have used t-PA for successful thrombolysis of a life-threatening arterial clot in a very premature infant. CASE REPORT
How do barrels form in somatosensory cortex

The somatosensory cortex of many rodents, lagomorphs, and marsupials contains distinct cytoarchitectonic features named "barrels" that reflect the pattern of large facial whiskers on the snout. Barrels are composed of clustered thalamocortical afferents relaying sensory information from one whisker surrounded by cell-dense walls or "barrels" in layer 4 of the cortex. In many ways, barrels are a simple and relatively accessible canonical cortical column, making them a common model system for the examination of cortical development and function. Despite their experimental accessibility and popularity, we still lack a basic understanding of how and why barrels form in the first place. In this review, we will examine what is known about mechanisms of barrel development, focusing specifically on the recent literature using the molecular-genetic power of mice as a model system for examining brain development.
Insulin dynamics predict body mass index and z-score response to insulin suppression or sensitization pharmacotherapy in obese children.

Obesity is not one disease, but rather a phenotype of many different diseases.1,2 When targeted to the specific pathology, pharmacotherapy, such as leptin for leptin deficiency,3 can be effective. However, when therapy is not targeted, efficacy tends to be suboptimal.4 Indeed, pharmacotherapies for childhood obesity have been shown to possess variable inter-individual responsiveness.5–8 A corollary is that determining the causes of specific types of obesity may lead to effective therapies that target the specific causes. Such strategies must currently rely on the use of pretreatment “predictor variables.” Insulin is an important factor in the genesis of childhood obesity. Most obese children have hyperinsulinemia.9 There are two forms of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia: (1) fasting hyperinsulinemia caused by defective hepatic and muscle insulin signal transduction, a manifestation of what is commonly called “insulin resistance”10–12; and (2) glucose-stimulated hyperinsulinemia, also termed “insulin hypersecretion,” which occurs as a result of neural dysregulation of the β-cell as seen in subjects with hypothalamic obesity caused by central nervous system (CNS) insult.13,14 We have previously demonstrated in obese children that insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity are distinct phenomena and are predicted both by race and cause.15 The biguanide metformin, an insulin sensitizer, has been used to promote weight loss in obese adolescents.5,6,16–19 The standard deviation of body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-score change in these studies, however, is equivalent to the magnitude of the response, indicating considerable variability in efficacy. Similarly, we have reported that the somatostatin analog octreotide suppresses insulin secretion and promotes BMI loss in patients with hypothalamic obesity20,21 but with variable efficacy. We postulated that the pretreatment insulin dynamics in these patients reflected the cause of their obesity and might be used as a predictor of weight response to pharmacotherapy. We therefore modeled the changes in BMI and BMI z-score in obese children receiving metformin or octreotide on the basis of their pretreatment insulin sensitivity and secretion.
Adolescent Homosexuality Issues for Pediatricians

Homosexuality is among the most complex and controversial issues of adolescent health care. Although homosexual activity is common during adolescence, the prevalence and origins of homosexuality per se are poorly understood. Homosexual identity formation is a potentially tumultous process that begins in childhood and extends through adulthood. The adolescent's experiences may ultimately contribute to a variety of physical and mental health problems. The sociological, psychological, and medical issues are considered, and guidelines for the care of homosexual youths are proposed.
Constraint reduction procedures for reduced‐order subsurface flow models based on POD–TPWL

Summary The properties and numerical performance of reduced-order models based on trajectory piecewise linearization (TPWL) and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) are assessed. The target application is subsurface flow modeling, although our findings should be applicable to a range of problems. The errors arising at each step in the POD–TPWL procedure are described. The impact of constraint reduction on accuracy and stability is considered in detail. Constraint reduction entails projection of the overdetermined system into a low-dimensional subspace, in which the system is solvable. Optimality conditions for constraint reduction, in terms of error minimization, are derived. Galerkin and Petrov–Galerkin projections are shown to correspond to optimality in norms that involve weighting with the Jacobian matrix. Two new treatments, inverse projection and weighted inverse projection, are suggested. These methods minimize error in appropriate norms, although they require substantial preprocessing computations. Numerical results are presented for oil reservoir simulation problems. Galerkin projection provides reasonable accuracy for simpler oil–water systems, although it becomes unstable in more challenging cases. Petrov–Galerkin projection is observed to behave stably in all cases considered. Weighted inverse projection also behaves stably, and it provides the highest accuracy. Runtime speedups of 150–400 are achieved using these POD–TPWL models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing the WiMedia Frame Structure for Home Networking Applications

We focus on a new class of home networking appli- cations that enable wireless communication between multimedia devices using the WiMedia MAC protocol. Applications like streaming video from DVD players to HDTVs, generate high data rates and can easily saturate the bandwidth even at the rates provided by UWB transmissions. Thus we need to enhance the MAC layer to improve bandwidth utilization and efficiently handle the requirements of such applications. In this paper, we propose a new TDMA frame structure for the WiMedia MAC protocol that uses the specific characteristics of the traffic to minimize MAC and PHY overhead while providing delay bounds within the tolerable limits of the applications. Our results show that the proposed frame structure can provide up to 10% increase in bandwidth utilization over the WiMedia frame structure and achieve a throughput gain of about 48Mbps at the highest data rate of the MB-OFDM physical layer.
Chemical Interactions in Diboride‐Reinforced Oxide‐Matrix Composites

Thermochemical analyses of interfacial reactions in titanium, zirconium, and hafnium diboride reinforced oxidematrix composites have been carried out to evaluate the chemical compatibility. The chemical reactivity of these diborides with oxygen and the high volatility of B2O3(l) at reduced oxygen pressures are concerns during processing and operating conditions. The thermochemical stability and the vaporization behavior of B2O3(l) are discussed in terms of partial pressures of dominant gaseous species of the boron-oxygen system at 1700 and 2300 K. The TiB2/ZrO2 and TiB2/HfO2 systems are thermodynamically stable in a limited oxygen pressure range. The TiB2/Al2O3 system is stable, but the reactions in this system may apparently be accompanied by formation of gaseous products (B2O3, AlO, Al2O, and lower boron oxides) in the presence of elemental oxygen. These thermochemical considerations are very useful in evaluating the effectiveness of oxides as diffusion barrier coatings on diboride reinforcements.
Assessment of surgical training

Abstract Background The patient safety imperative has raised expectations regarding the responsibility of medical educators and decision makers to ensure that physicians are competent. Ensuring that trainees are ready for independent practice upon graduation is challenged by reduced work hours such that trainees spend less time in the OR and perform fewer cases than desirable. Methods The literature on the assessment of technical and non – technical operative skills and professionalism was reviewed in order to make recommendations to identify barriers to evaluation. Discussion Barriers to documenting performance deficiencies include uncertainty as to what should be documented, and concerns about the negative impact of critical evaluations on faculty popularity. Additional challenges include a lack of clear standards for performance and effective remediation options. Conclusions Trainee performance should be evaluated in a rigorous, reliable and meaningful way to ensure that graduates have the skills necessary for safe, independent practice.
Effect of the crosslink functionality on the mechanical properties of crosslinked 1,2,3‐triazole polymers as potential binders for rocket propellants

The mechanical properties of crosslinked polymers depend on their structural features, one of which is the functionality of the crosslinks in a polymer network. To study the effect of crosslink functionality (ϕ) on the mechanical properties of 1,2,3-triazole polymers for potential application as rocket propellant binders, crosslinkers with different ϕ's (3, 4, 6, 16, 32, and 64) were used in the polymerization. As the percentage of acetylenic groups provided by crosslinker was kept constant and the functionality of the crosslinker increased, the resulting polymer showed a higher modulus but a lower strain. Compared to traditional polyurethane binders, 1,2,3-triazole polymers showed comparable mechanical properties, although the stress and modulus tended to be lower and the strain capability tended to be greater for the triazole-linked rubbers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
T(1) and T(2) selective method for improved SNR in CSF-attenuated imaging: T(2)-FLAIR.

We present here a method for improving SNR in CSF-attenuated imaging relative to the standard technique of using an inversion pulse and imaging at the null point of CSF. In this new method the inversion pulse is replaced with a 90(x)-180(y)-90(x) preparation sequence that provides T(1) and T(2) selectivity. This allows the tissue magnetization to recover more rapidly, allows for the use of shorter TR values, and reduces T(1) weighting. Magn Reson Med 45:529-532, 2001.
Peirce: a tool for experimenting with abduction

Abduction, defined as the stating and entertaining of a hypothesis, is addressed. The Red system for blood antibody identification, which comprises the authors' primary domain for research into abductive problem solving, is described. How viewing it and other abductive systems in terms of the goals is aiding in understanding abduction in general and allows experimentation with abduction techniques is discussed. A description is also given of Peirce, a tool providing a programmable interface between the goals of abduction and the abductive-assembly method for meeting those goals. Peirce's simple interface allows knowledge engineers to determine when a method is appropriate for invocation and how the process selects a method for invocation. >
VALUE: Valid Assessment of Learning in Undergraduate Education

This chapter provides an example of a tool developed by the American Association of Colleges and Universities that colleges and universities can use to assess student learning through the development of rubrics.