cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Black‐pigmented Bacteroides from clinically characterized periodontal sites

Gingival sites were clinically evaluated on the basis of gingival color and contour, pocket depth, bleeding upon probing and peercent bone loss as measured radiographically. Using anaerobic techniques, subgingival plaque collected from these sites was examined for the presence of the black-pigmented Bacteroides (BPB). The BPB were identified by biochemical testing and Gram stain morphology. With one exception, only saccharolytic strains (B. melaninogenicus) were found at normal and gingivitis sites, while these and asaccharolytic strains (B. asaccharolyticus) were found at sites exhibiting bone loss.
A vortex model of cavity flow

The paper presents a model of two-dimensional cavity flow in which the shear layer over the cavity is represented by discrete rectilinear vortices which are free to move as the flow progresses. Although the model is initially started impulsively, the computation is continued until a statistically steady flow is attained. The broadband noise generation of the cavity is calculated by first running the model until the steady state is reached and then computing a stationary record of far-field density fluctuation through an equation that is suitable for calculating the quadrupole noise generation by the model. The discrete time series obtained can be analyzed by ordinary digital spectral techniques to determine the spectra and overall levels of the noise in airframe noise testing of real aircraft.
The Impact of Age-Related Changes on the Functioning of Older Adults with Developmental Disabilities

This paper discusses age-related changes that have an impact on functional abilities and societal participation of older adults with mental retardation. A description of changes that affect all older individuals is presented as well as the additional impact these changes may have on older persons with developmental disabilities. Information on age-related changes unique to persons with Down Syndrome and cerebral palsy are also presented. The role of occupational and physical therapists in helping to maintain the functional abilities of aging persons with developmental disabilities is discussed.
Legalization of Physician‐Assisted Suicide: Point/Counterpoint

The issues of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide have been debated in classrooms, courtrooms, medical and ethical journals, on television talk shows, and at the bedsides of patients. This article discusses in broad perspective the topic of physician-assisted suicide. The important ethical, legal, and moral issues are presented in a debate format. The presentation of the arguments is by no means exhaustive but rather reflective of current nursing, medical, and ethical journal articles published on the topic of physician-assisted suicide. An attempt has been made to balance each argument without bias, thus allowing the reader to make an individual judgment.
Decoding of cyclic codes over symbol-pair read channels

Symbol-pair read channels, in which the outputs of the read process are pairs of consecutive symbols, were recently studied by Cassuto and Blaum. This new paradigm is motivated by the limitations of the reading process in high density data storage systems. They studied error correction in this new paradigm, specifically, the relationship between the minimum Hamming distance of an error correcting code and the minimum pair distance, which is the minimum Hamming distance between symbol-pair vectors derived from codewords of the code. It was proved that for a linear cyclic code with minimum Hamming distance d H , the corresponding minimum pair distance is at least d H + 3. Our main contribution is proving that, for a given linear cyclic code with a minimum Hamming distance d H , the minimum pair distance is at least d H + [d H /2]. We also describe decoding algorithms, based upon bounded distance decoders for the cyclic code, whose pair-symbol error correcting capabilities reflects the larger minimum pair distance. In addition, we consider the case where a read channel output is a prescribed number, b > 2, of consecutive symbols and provide some generalizations of our results. We note that the symbol-pair read channel problem is a special case of the sequence reconstruction problem that was introduced by Levenshtein.
Development of a hybrid expert system for nurse shift scheduling

Abstract In this article, we discuss the effect of nurse shift job on circadian rhythm, work stress, and some important ergonomics criteria. We also review and compare different nurse shift scheduling methodologies via the criteria of flexibility, consideration of nurse preference, and consideration of ergonomics principles. A hybrid expert system, entitled NURSE-HELP, is developed to facilitate the nurse scheduling process with an emphasis on considering ergonomics criteria. Moreover, the combination of a linear zero-one goal programming and an expert system program reduces the program run time while maintaining the quality of the schedule. The evaluation of the system is done by comparing 18 sets of four-week schedules generated by the head nurses manually and by NURSE-HELP. Concerning the amount of time to generate the schedules, NURSE-HELP averages less than 20 minutes while the head nurses spend about two to four hours. The quality of the schedules is measured by the following four criteria; minimum staff level not satisfied, day off request not granted, backward rotation, and maximum consecutive work periods on the night shift. The results show that NURSE-HELP is superior than the head nurses in preparing schedules, both in terms of time and quality.
Different Glycosylation Requirements for the Synthesis of Enzymatically Active Angiotensin-converting Enzyme in Mammalian Cells and Yeast

For facilitating crystallization and structural studies of the testicular isozyme of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE,), we attempted the production of enzymatically active ACET proteins which are unglycosylated or underglycosylated. Expression in Escherichia coli of the rabbit ACET cDNA resulted in the synthesis of an unglycosylated but inactive protein. Similarly, unglycosylated ACET synthesized in HeLa cells, by using a cDNA in which all five potential N-glycosylation sites had been mutated, was inactive and rapidly degraded. Several ACET variants carrying mutations in one or more of the potential N-glycosylation sites were used to examine the role of glycosylation at specific sites on ACET synthesis, transport to the cell surface, cleavage processing, and enzyme activity. These experiments demonstrated that allowing glycosylation only at the first or the second site, as counted from the NH2 terminus, was sufficient for normal synthesis and processing of active ACET. In contrast, ACETg3, which had only the third glycosylation site available, was unglycosylated, enzymatically inactive and rapidly degraded. N-Glycosylated ACET could also be produced in yeast. Surprisingly, the mutant ACETg3 was synthesized, N-glycosylated, and properly transported in yeast. Wild type and mutant ACE proteins were cleavage-secreted from yeast and enzymatically active.
Attitude and Its Situatedness in Linguistic Politeness

For over thirty years, linguistic politeness has been constructed based upon the work of Lakoff (1975) and, particularly, Brown and Levinson (1978, 1987). Their seminal contributions, how2 ever, may elide other social constructions of linguistic politeness. Thus, this paper presents and represents a different positioning and experience that have not been previously attended to, espe2 cially the lived experiences of Black women in U.S. contexts. Key questions addressed are: How does politeness operate in the African American speech community? How does one linguistic practice, talking with an attitude , fit within that model of politeness? This work assesses one component of politeness based upon socially real engagements of African American women who situate themselves within the African American speech community, interrogating their own be2 havior. Using Afrocentric feminist epistemology as one theoretical frame, I conducted qualitative research, interviewing Black women in different communities of practice. From their words and lived experiences, the co2researchers construct attitude as a broad concept that can be displayed in language and/or kinesics. Its meanings and functions derive from social context and commu2 nity norms.
Effects of Magnesium Pemoline and Dextroamphetamine on Human Learning

Two central nervous system stimulants, magnesium pemoline and dextroamphetamine, were tested to see if they facilitate learning in human subjects. Subjects under placebo learned faster than the subjects under any of the several doses of magnesium pemoline; however, none of these differences reached statistical significance. Subjects who received dextroamphetamine learned significantly more slowly than those who received placebo.
High speed front-end processing in the CAMAC interfacing system

Abstract In this paper, recent work in the design and application of bit-sliced microprocessor elements to front-end processing in data acquisition and control systems is discussed. A microprogrammed computing structure, based on commercially available Schottky TTL microprocessor slices, performs high speed subroutines at a basic operation time of 142 ns per microcycle. The structure operates in parallel with, and under the control of, a conventional microcomputer system, which is generally interfaced to a more complete system-minicomputer that actually performs the data acquisition or control task.
Massive holographic interconnection networks and their limitations

Fundamental and practical limitations to be encountered in the implementation of massive free space optical interconnects are discussed in detail, and some improved architectures are proposed. The long term optimum design uses currently unavailable large arrays of laser diodes. An interim solution, using available spatial light modulators, is shown to be capable of storing ~1010 bits of information and performing ~1011 interconnections/s.
"I Know All about Emma Lazarus": Nationalism and Its Contradictions in Congressional Rhetoric of Immigration Restriction

Amid the rhetoric heard in Congress during the past few years, the voices that demand a tighter rein on immigration have been loud and prominent. On the one hand, this development has been part of a revival of U.S. nationalism, in which anti-immigration movements have always occupied a niche. On the other hand, the context of this debate is very different from earlier times when restrictionist sentiment was strong. The contemporary debate is being conducted at a time when national borders have become increasingly meaningless for the movement of goods, services, money, and information. This economic transnationalism has been embraced with enthusiasm by the proponents of free trade and free markets who now dominate Congress. But when it comes to the movement of people and the mingling of national identities, congressional representatives have been far less enthusiastic about the new transnational forces.
Closed-form solution for parametric second Stokes generation in Raman amplifiers

The efficiency of a first Stokes Raman amplifier can be seriously reduced by the generation of a second Stokes beam. The dominating process for this generation is often a Raman four-wave mixing interaction which couples the pump and second Stokes beams. A one-dimensional model for this effect has a closed-form solution, simply described in terms of an equivalent input, under conditions where high first Stokes conversion efficiency is possible. Excellent agreement with numerical integration results has been obtained. Use of the model for maximizing conversion efficiency of pump beams with large temporal or spatial intensity nonuniformity is described, with an example worked out for a triangular pulse shape. >
Replication electron microscopy of cellulose acetate osmotic membranes

Abstract Dehydration by freeze-drying coupled with carbon replication methods is used to obtain electron photomicrographs of the surfaces and cross section of the cellulose acetate membrane used in the reverse osmosis process of water desalination. Insight into the mechanism responsible for membrane deterioration has resulted from the examination of the surface layer of the membrane.
Organoapatite growth on an orthopedic alloy surface.

We report here a method to coat orthopedic metals with the artificial bone material organoapatite. The growth of organoapatite on titanium alloy surfaces of foils and porous cylinders involves sequential preadsorption of poly(L-lysine) and poly(L-glutamic acid) on metal, followed by exposure to organoapatite-precipitating solutions. The organoapatite characterization of the coating was carried out by transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray scattering, powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, and elemental analysis. The preadsorbed poly(amino acids) in the form of a self-assembled bilayer of oppositely charged macromolecules can lead to a surface coverage of titanium alloy in the range of 70-90%. The deposition mechanisms could involve the surface capture of embryonic crystals and the nucleation of apatite on the bilayer. Bioabsorbable organoapatite could serve as a tissue-engineering scaffold for bone regeneration into porous implants.
Defect contributions to conductivity in poly(3-hexylthiophene)?

Abstract We ﬁ nd evidence for a gradual change in the electronic properties of spin coated poly(3-hexylthio-phene) thin ﬁ lms with temperature. The conduction properties appears to be mediated by hopping conduction dominated by a low density of defects states within the highest occupied molecular or-bital to lowest unoc cupied molecular orbital gap, not by a change in band gap. The photoemission and transport measure ments indicate a loss of charge mobility or carrier concentration occurs with decreasing temperature, while the molecular conﬁ guration (through chain conjugation) also changes with temperature. The defects states identiﬁ ed by photoemission (–1.7 eV) as well as others contrib-uting to the transport properties are believed to be very heterogeneous along the polymer backbone. 1 Introduction For conducting polymers, changes in the relative orientation of aromatic rings and/or overall back-bone conﬁ guration with temperature, are commonly observed [1–4]. Such structural changes lead to re-duced π–π intermolecular interactions and/or create defects that can have a profound effect on conductiv-ity and π-band localization in the highest occupied molecular orbitals. In addition to temperature-induced structural defects, are temperature-independent chemical defects, such as missing hydrogens on aliphatic pendant groups and/or impurities. “Chemical” defects in the polymer chain may induce hole carriers im-parting a p-type character to the semiconductor resulting in an effectively smaller optical band gap, rela-tive to the highest occupied to lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) gap, as noted else-where [5]. If chemical defects play an important role in the conductivity of a polymer, then dramatic changes in conductivity should occur with decreasing temperature as the carrier concentration and/or mobility de-creases. Decreases in temperature can lead a “freezing” of carriers, i.e. carriers become trapped, or there is an insufﬁ cient thermal activation of carriers. This decrease in carriers or carrier mobility effectively amounts to a semiconductor to insulator transition (an increasingly better dielectric) or the classic tem-perature behavior of a semiconductor mediated by hopping conductivity. The resulting increase in insu-lating character should occur at a distinctly different transition temperature than the transitions related to the tilting of the aromatic rings of the polymer backbone (i.e., structural defects). Such distinct tran-
Energy transfer in linear chain manganese salts: Emission spectra of CsMnBr3, RbMnBr3 and CsMnI3 crystals doped with Er3+

Abstract The luminescence spectra of CsMnBr3, RbMnBr3 and CsMnI3 crystals doped with Er3+ have been investigated in the 10–300 K temperature range. These linear chain manganese salts behave as “pseudo” one-dimensional antiferromagnets. The temperature dependence of luminescence from the doped materials indicates a rapid thermally activated transfer of excitation energy from the Mn2+ ions of the bulk crystal to the Er3+ impurity centers. Analysis of the data suggests that energy migration occurs by two distinct processes with activation barriers of: 200 and 500 cm−1 for CsMnBr3, 180 and 500 cm−1 for RbMnBr3 and 300 and 650 cm−1 for CsMnI3. The behavior of CsMnxCd1-xBr3 crystals containing Er3+ clearly indicates that the process with the higher activation barrier corresponds to two- or three-dimensional exciton migration.
Forecasting the money multiplier and the control of money supply in Egypt

This article investigates whether money supply control through the multiplier‐monetary base framework is possible in Egypt. It was found that such a procedure would not have been possible between 1952 and 1990 when the financial needs of the Egyptian government dictated changes in high‐powered money. It was found that the ‘aggregate’ forecasting approach of the money multiplier provided satisfactory results, while the ‘component’ method did not. It is argued that changes in policy since 1991 would provide for better control over the monetary base and greater predictability of the money multiplier.
How do marriage market conditions affect entrance into cohabitation vs. marriage

Abstract Widening gaps in marriage rates have received a great deal of attention in recent years, focusing on the availability of marriageable men in the local marriage market. At the same time, cohabitation has increased in prevalence, playing a role in declining marriage rates. This paper extends marriage market arguments to the formation of both cohabiting and marital unions, using contextual data at the Labor Market Area (LMA) level linked to the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Findings indicate that as the sex ratio increases, the odds of marriage over either remaining single or cohabiting increases, suggesting the cohabitation and marriage are not substitutable. However, the sex ratio does little to explain black–white differences in union formation.
Mouse Models of Frontotemporal Dementia

The pace of discovery in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has accelerated dramatically with the discovery of new genetic causes and pathological substrates of the disease. MAPT/tau, GRN/progranulin, and C9ORF72 have emerged as common FTD genes, and TARDBP/TDP-43, VCP, FUS, and CHMP2B have been identified as less common genetic causes. TDP-43 and FUS have joined tau as common neuropathological substrates of the disease. Mouse models provide an important tool for understanding the role of these molecules in FTD pathogenesis. Here, we review recent progress with mouse models based on tau, TDP-43, progranulin, VCP, and CHMP2B. We also consider future prospects for FTD models, including developing new models to address unanswered questions. There are also opportunities for capitalizing on conservation of the salience network, which is selectively vulnerable in FTD, and the availability of FTD-related behavioral paradigms to analyze mouse models of the disease.
Calculation of the far field finite depth Green's function

This note presents a numerical method for calculating the far field part of the Green's function for a source in steady translation below the surface of fluid of finite depth. The principal steps of the numerical scheme are outlined, with emphasis on those aspects which are needed for a computer implementation of the scheme. Numerical results are given to show the behavior of the function in various parts of the computation domain, the computer requirements of the method, and its expected accuracy.
Some Gregarines from Crustaceans taken near Bombay, India*

SYNOPSIS. Three gregarines are described from the digestive tracts of marine crustacea from Bombay, India. These are Carcinoecetes etisi n.sp. from Etisus laevimanus, C. matutae n.sp. from Matuta lunaris, and Caridohabitans setnai n.gen., n.sp. from Peneus semisulcatus. Various life history stages are reported.
Comment on tilted-foil excitation of helium P levels

The theory developed by Band to treat the dependence on foil tilt angle of the polarization of emitted light is applied to the special case of $2s\ensuremath{-}3p$ transitions in neutral helium.
Thermal softening of curvature elasticity in membranes

Abstract Recently, there have been three determinations of the reduction of curvature elasticity due to thermal fluctuations. The results obtained by Helfrich, Peliti and Leibler, and Forster are κR=κ-(T/4π)I log(qmax/qmin), with I=1, 3, and 2 respectively. We discuss the differences between the calculations and show that, despite a careless handling of the path integration measure, Peliti and Leibler's result is correct. Forster's paper, on the other hand, has the correct measure but the wrong algebra. As a further result, the gaussian curvature constant is shown to change with temperature as [ovbar|κ]R=[ovbar|κ]+(T/4π) × 4log(qmax/qmin).
Solvent effects on substrate and phosphate interactions with the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase.

Abstract (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity of a dog kidney enzyme preparation was markedly inhibited by 10–30% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) and ethylene glycol (Et(OH)2); moreover, Me2SO produced a pattern of uncompetitive inhibition toward ATP. However, K+-nitrophenylphosphatase activity was stimulated by 10–20% Me2SO and Et(OH)2 but was inhibited by 30–50%. Me2SO decreased the Km for this substrate but had little effect on the Vmax below 30% (at which concentration Vmax was then reduced). Me2SO also reduced the Ki for Pi and acetyl phosphate as competitors toward nitrophenyl phosphate but increased the Ki for ATP, CTP and 3-O-methylflourescein phosphate as competitors. Me2SO inhibited K+-acetylphosphatase activity, although it also reduced the Km for that substrate. Finally, Me2SO increased the rate of enzyme inactivation by fluoride and beryllium. These observations are interpreted in terms of the E1P to E2P transition of the reaction sequence being associated with an increased hydrophobicity of the active site, and of Me2SO mimicking such effects by decreasing water activity: (i) primarily to stabilize the covalent E2P intermediate, through differential solvation of reactants and products, and thereby inhibiting the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase reaction and acting as a dead-end inhibitor to produce the pattern of uncompetitive inhibition; inhibiting the K+-acetylphosphatase reaction that also passes through an E2P intermediate; but not inhibiting (at lower Me2SO concentrations) the K+-nitrophenylphosphatase reaction that does not pass through such an intermediate; and (ii) secondarily to favor partitioning of Pi and non-nucleotide phosphates into the hydrophobic active site, thereby decreasing the Km for nitrophenyl phosphate and acetyl phosphate, the Ki for Pi and acetyl phosphate in the K+-nitrophenylphosphatase reaction, accelerating inactivation by fluoride and beryllium acting as phosphate analogs, and, at higher concentrations, inhibiting the K+-nitrophenylphosphatase reaction by stabilizing the non-covalent E2·P intermediate of that reaction. In addition, Me2SO may decrease binding at the adenine pocket of the low-affinity substrate site, represented as an increased Ki for ATP, CTP and 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphate.
Application of Multiple Inversion Recovery for Suppression of Macromolecule Resonances in Short Echo Time 1H NMR Spectroscopy of Human Brain

Abstract Macromolecules contribute broad “background” resonances to the 1 H NMR brain spectra at short echo times. The application of long echo times is the most widely used method for removing these resonances. Here, it is demonstrated that these background resonances may be suppressed at short echo times using multiple inversion recovery (MIR). In the technique presented, the MIR sequence consists of four adiabatic inversion pulses, applied preparatory to a 20-ms echo time stimulated echo localization sequence. The inversion times (359, 157, 69, and 20 ms) were selected to preferentially suppress macromolecules with longitudinal relaxation times between 38 and 300 ms. While the resulting spectra have lower overall signal-to-noise, baseline contributions from macromolecules are greatly reduced. Unlike the typical long TE acquisitions, the short TE MIR acquisition preserves the myo -inositol resonance.
Issues in Thermal Contact and Phase Change in Porosity Prediction

One of the major objectives of solidification modeling is to determine, prior to pouring, whether porosity, such as massive cavities and dispersed pores, are likely to appear in the casting. The numerical solutions of solidification heat transfer alone, however, cannot provide such information. In order to predetermine the presence of porosity, various criteria functions have been proposed by a number of investigators. These criteria functions are associated with cooling rate, thermal gradient, solidus velocity and local solidification time, etc. Since these parameters can be derived from numerical solutions, the reliability of porosity prediction largely depends on the accuracy of the numerical solutions employed. Thermal contact and phase change affect the numerical solutions significantly, and hence the local values of the predicted parameters. Consequently, these phenomena must be given special attention. This paper addresses some important aspects of thermal contact and phase change in determining the values of criteria functions. The free thermal contraction method is used to describe the variation and distribution of the heat transfer coefficient at the casting/mold interface. The phase change problem is treated by the heat source/sink algorithm. The sensitivity of criteria functions and the role of computational error are also discussed.
Achieving Communicative Competence Through Gambits and Routines

ABSTRECT One of the major goals of foreign language instruction is the development of communicative competence. This article analyzes the importance of conversational gambits and routines for achieving this goal. After presenting a model for communicative competence, we illustrate gambits and routines within the context of telephone conversations. We then present exercises for drilling and testing these items. We conclude by discussing the importance of gambits and routines for the attainment of oral proficiency and acculturation.
The uptake, translocation and release of phosphorus by Elodea densa

Short-term (16 h) laboratory studies of 32P uptake by Elodea densa rooted in sediment demonstrated both foliar and root uptake, and that translocation occurred acropetally and basipetally. Root absorption is projected to provide 83–85% of total phosphorus uptake during 12–16 h photoperiod days. Measured foliar uptake and excretion rates suggest that there would be no net leakage of phosphorus into the water by undamaged actively-growing E. densa. Foliar uptake decreased and root uptake increased in the dark relative to rates under light.
Phloem transport of antirrhinoside, an iridoid glycoside, inAsarina scandens (Scrophulariaceae).

Iridoid glycosides, terpene-derived compounds found in many plant families, protect the plant against generalist and nonadapted specialist insect herbivores, fungi, and bacteria. Antirrhinoside, a common iridoid glycoside in the tribe Antirrhineae (Scrophulariaceae), was rapidly labeled when mature leaves ofAsarina scandens were exposed to14CO2. Antirrhinoside was translocated in the phloem along with sucrose. Radiolabeled antirrhinoside appeared in the petiole of the labeled leaf within 20 min of the beginning of the labeling period. Antirrhinoside was also found in phloem sap obtained by the EDTA method.
The Hybrid Real Number System

Abstract The origin of the concepts that we employ such as natural numbers, rational and irrational numbers, zero, infinity and the place value system among others originate in the Vedas, or Veda Samhitas to be correct [Veda Samhitas]. However, due to our second-hand reception from the Arabs and the belief that everything originated in Greece, this appears to have lost the original source and meaning [V. Lakshmikantham, S. Leela, J. Vasundhara Devi, The Origin and History of Mathematics, Cambridge Scientific Publishers, Cambridge, UK, 2005. [5] ]. As a consequence, the so-called rational thinking or logic that applies to concrete situations when employed for concepts that are beyond our sensory perceptions has created some paradoxes [E.E. Escultura, FTG XVII: The new mathematics and physics, J. Appl. Math. Comput. 138 (2003) 127–149; E.E. Escultura, FTG XXXIV. Foundations of analysis and the new arithmetic, Nonlinear Anal. Phenom. III (2006) (in press)]. It is therefore necessary to return to the origin to clearly understand the basis. In this paper, we plan to propose a hybrid real number system utilizing the original ideas so as to shed some light on the existing system and strengthen it.
Microvascular Reconstruction of the Orbital Complex

Extensive skin, paranasal, and skull base malignancies often invade the orbit necessitating the removal of the orbital contents to achieve local tumor control. Defects of this region often create a communication between the intracranial and extracranial contents that involves a large volume of skin, soft tissue, and bone. Local and regional tissue alone is rarely adequate to repair these defects. In contrast, free tissue transfer can provide vascularized skin, soft tissue, and bone that can reliably separate the extracranial and intracranial compartments and restore the bony and soft tissue architecture of the orbitomaxillary complex. This article summarizes the approach to orbitomaxillary reconstruction and discusses the use of free tissue transfer in the rehabilitation of this complex region.
AN INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMMUNOGLOBULIN G AND ALPHA-2 MACROGLOBULIN IN MINIMAL-LESION IDIOPATHIC NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

AN INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMMUNOGLOBULIN G AND ALPHA-2 MACROGLOBULIN IN MINIMAL-LESION IDIOPATHIC NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
Multifrequency Optical Invisibility Cloak with Layered Plasmonic Shells

Here, we theoretically suggest the possibility of employing a multilayered plasmonic shell as a cloak for reducing the total scattering cross section of a particle, simultaneously at different frequencies in the optical domain. By exploiting the frequency dispersion of plasmonic materials and their inherent negative polarizability, it is shown, theoretically and with numerical simulations, how covering a dielectric or conducting object of a certain size with this multilayered cloak may reduce its "visibility" by several orders of magnitude simultaneously at multiple frequencies.
Changes in Unselected Traits Accompanying Long-Term Selection for Four-Week Body Weight in Japanese Quail

Abstract The changes in unselected traits following long term selection for high 4-week body weight were evaluated in two Japanese quail lines. Means of these traits (16-week body weight, age at first egg, egg weight, egg production, fertility, and hatchability) of breeders were also used to obtain estimates of trends across generations by regressing line means on generation number. Differences between lines for all traits except percentage hen-day egg production were significant. Body weights and egg weights of the selected lines were larger than corresponding measurements in the nonselected line, whereas fertility and hatchability measurements were larger in the nonselected line.
Police Integrity and the Czech Police Officers

The Velvet Revolution of 1989 ended the socialist period in former Czechoslovakia. Sixteen years after the transition toward democratic policing, we explore the integrity contours of the Czech police. In the summer of 2005, we surveyed more than 600 police officers from East Bohemia regarding their perceptions about the seriousness of police corruption, the appropriate punishment such misconduct deserves and would receive, and their willingness to report misconduct. The results indicate that the majority of the respondents correctly labeled behaviors described in our questionnaire as rule‐violating. Furthermore, with the exception of the least serious forms of corruption, they supported and expected the two most serious forms of discipline: a cut in salary and dismissal. Finally, the majority of the respondents said that they would not be willing to tolerate the most serious forms of corruption in silence.
The impact of the Gates Millennium Scholars Program on college and post-college related choices of high ability, low-income minority students

Abstract In this paper we analyze the impact of the Gates Millennium Scholarship Program on several outcome variables using a regression discontinuity design. We find that GMS recipients have lower college loan debt and parental contributions toward college expenses and work fewer hours during college than non-recipients. We also find that GMS recipients have higher grade point averages in their junior year of college and are more likely to aspire to a Ph.D. degree than non-recipients.
Elevated intra-rumen pressure and secondary rumen contractions in sheep (Ovis aries)

Abstract 1. 1. Sheep rumens were insufflated with nitrogen to 5, 10, 15, and 20cm water pressure and sustained at each pressure for 10 min. 2. 2. Measurements included rumen motility, reticulorumen myoelectric activity, eructation frequency and volume, changes in tracheal pressure and rumen contraction amplitude. 3. 3. As intra-rumen pressure increased, contractions designated as special secondary contractions appeared. 4. 4. At a pressure of approximately 15 cm water, most of the special secondary contractions became regular secondaries; therefore, the special secondaries were called pro-secondary contractions. 5. 5. Increased intra-rumen pressure was associated with respiratory distress. The recovery phase following rumen insufflation was accompanied by hyperpnea.
Distribution of vasopressin in the brain of the eusocial naked mole-rat.

Naked mole-rats are eusocial rodents that live in large subterranean colonies in which one queen breeds with one to three males. All other animals are nonbreeding subordinates. The external features of male and female subordinates, including their genitalia, are remarkably monomorphic, as is their behavior. Because vasopressin (VP) is associated with social behaviors and sex differences in other species, its distribution in naked mole-rats was of interest. We used immunohistochemistry to examine VP in the brains of subordinate and breeding naked mole-rats of both sexes. As in other mammals, VP-immunoreactive (-ir) somata were found in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) and VP-ir projections from these nuclei ran through the internal and external zone of the median eminence. However, naked mole-rats had very few VP-ir cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and none in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN); the extensive network of fine-caliber VP-ir fibers usually seen in projection sites of the BST and SCN were also absent. Equally unexpected was the abundance of large-caliber VP-ir fibers in the dorsomedial septum. VP immunoreactivity was generally similar in all groups, with the exception of VP-ir cell number in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH). Breeders had a population of labeled cells in the DMH that was absent, or nearly absent, in subordinates. Future studies on the function of VP in these areas are needed to determine how the atypical distribution of VP immunoreactivity relates to eusociality and the unusual physiology of naked mole-rats. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:1093–1105, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The joint impact of internal and external career anchors on entry-level IS career satisfaction

Career (or job) satisfaction is recognized as an indicator of employee turnover. It is also well known that certain internal anchors play a role in predicting the career satisfaction of information system (IS) professionals. Researchers have speculated on the influence of external opportunities on career satisfaction, but none have empirically tested the premise that both internal and external anchors better predict the career satisfaction of IS professionals in the entry-level stage. A sample of IS professionals supports the use of both anchors in improving career satisfaction, and, hopefully, employee turnover.
Human cytomegalovirus protects endothelial cells from apoptosis induced by growth factor withdrawal

Abstract Background: The placental and umbilical blood vessel endothelia may play an important role in human cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmission and viral propagation in the fetus. Objectives: We propose that CMV infection promotes endothelial cell viability for virus replication. Furthermore, we suggest that certain viral mechanisms are established to delay or inhibit the cellular response to undergo apoptosis. Study design: We have established a model of CMV infection in primary endothelial cells (HUVECs) in which productive infection with the endothelial-adapted strain of CMV, strain 4010, inhibits apoptosis induced by growth factor withdrawal. Apoptosis was measured by assessment of nuclear changes by TUNEL staining. Results: Our results indicate that CMV infection at 48–96 h significantly protects the endothelial cell from apoptosis induced by growth factor withdrawal. We found that uninfected cells in the CMV-infected cell cultures, but not CMV-infected cells, were susceptible to apoptosis during growth factor withdrawal. Our studies examine the pro-apoptotic pathways that are inhibited and the anti-apoptotic pathways that are activated during CMV infection. The pro-apoptotic protein, caspase-3, is activated during growth factor withdrawal in mock-infected HUVECs, but activation is reduced in CMV-infected HUVECs. Conclusions: During infection, the CMV-encoded chemokine receptor US28 is expressed on the infected cell surface. Previously, we have shown that stimulation of US28 with the chemokine RANTES activates cellular proliferative responses in endothelial cells. It is likely, therefore, that US28 might activate anti-apoptotic mechanisms during CMV infection.
In situ measurements of acoustic target strengths of gas-bearing siphonophores

Acoustic target strengths of free-swimming siphonophores were measured in situ at 24 and 120 kHz from a remotely operated vehicle equipped with both acoustic transducers and a video camera. The transducers and camera were co-registered by aiming both instruments at the same volume of water and time-stamping the recorded data. The video system allowed us to search for and identify siphonophores, and verified whether individual animals were centered in, or near, the axis of the acoustic beams. A towed, down-looking acoustic survey system (operating at 120 kHz) measured the target and volume scattering strengths of scattering layers, presumed to be dominated by siphonophores. Spatial density of the sound scatterers was estimated from survey data. Our results confirm that free-swimming physonect siphonophores have relatively high acoustical target strengths caused by a gas inclusion in the pneumatophore of each animal. A relatively small number of these animals can dominate the backscattering detected by acoustic surveys even though other taxa may dominate the plankton on a numerical or biomass basis. Siphonophore colonies are fragile and cannot be reliably censused with nets. Our estimates of siphonophore target strengths can improve the ability to use acoustics to quantitatively census siphonophores and other taxa possessing comparably-sized gas inclusions.
The price equation and excess demand: a reappraisal

(1984). The price equation and excess demand: a reappraisal. Applied Economics: Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 935-944.
Broadcast Protocol for Energy-Constrained Networks

We propose to use IEEE 802.22 networks as a natural interconnection between energy-constrained networks, such as sensor networks, and the Internet. In this interconnection scenario, we propose Activecast, broadcast designed as a continuation of the IEEE 802.22 broadcast on sensor networks. Activecast effectively transmits a query to all active sensors in the network. Activecast minimizes the number of retransmitted messages while maintaining high reachability. Activecast requires minimum communication overhead, yet performs very well in the presence of various environmental constrains. Activecast can also be integrated to any sleep based sensor protocol, as it does not make any assumptions on the underlying wake up scheduling protocol and wake up times/durations of the sensors. We study the properties of Activecast by analysis and simulations while also considering irregular radio coverage of sensors
Methods for measuring rates of protein binding to insoluble scaffolds in living cells: histone H1-chromatin interactions.

Understanding of cell regulation is limited by our inability to measure molecular binding rates for proteins within the structural context of living cells, and many systems biology models are hindered because they use values obtained with molecules binding in solution. Here, we present a kinetic analysis of GFP-histone H1 binding to chromatin within nuclei of living cells that allows both the binding rate constant kON and dissociation rate constant kOFF to be determined based on data obtained from fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis. This is accomplished by measuring the ratio of bound to free concentration of protein at steady state, and identifying the rate- determining step during FRAP recovery experimentally, combined with mathematical modeling. We report kOFF ¼ 0.0131/s and kON ¼ 0.14/s for histone H1.1 binding to chromatin. This work brings clarity to the interpretation of FRAP experiments and provides a way to determine binding kinetics for nuclear proteins and other cellular molecules that interact with insoluble scaffolds within living cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 1334-1342, 2006. 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A backup route aware routing protocol - fast recovery from transient routing failures

As the Internet becomes the critical information infrastructure for both personal and business applications, survivable routing protocols need to be designed that maintain the performance of those services in the presence of failures. This paper examines the survivability of interdoamin routing protocols in the presence of routing failure events, and provides a backup route aware routing protocol that performs non-stop routing in the presence of failures. We demonstrate through simulation its effectiveness in preventing packet losses during transient routing failures.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Class of Thermosetting Resins: Allyl and Propargyl Substituted Cyclopentadiene Derivatives

A series of all-hydrocarbon resins were synthesized by reacting cyclopentadiene allyl chloride, propargyl chloride, or a mixture of allyl chloride and propargyl ide, under phase transfer conditions. Phase transfer reactions with and without added solvents, and with either quaternary ammonium or crown ether catalysts, yielded similar products consisting of a mixture of 1,1-disubstituted cyclopentadiene (minor amount) and 2-3 isomers each of tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-substituted derivatives. No further reaction of each these components possible. The overall substitution pattern varied little with changes in reaction conditions although limiting the allyl chloride content led to still reactive, partially substituted products. Incorporation of all-propargyl and high propargyl-to-allyl mixed functionalities on cyclopentadiene yielded products whose stability was very hindering their thorough characterization. Preliminary evaluation was there-carried out for mixed resins with lower propargyl functionality. The allyl substituted resin (allylated cyclopentadiene, ACP) underwent thermal cure lout initiator at around 200°C while allyl/propargyl substituted resin (7:1 ratio, APCP) showed a faster, lower temperature cure at around 120°C. Cationic cure of ACP was also initiated by a novel sulfonium salt at around 100°C. Neat resin when cured at 200°C gave material with a flexural storage modulus 2 of about 300 MPa. Further cure at 250°C raised the modulus to 1.2 GPa. resin gave composites with excellent properties when used with glass and on fibers. Flexural modulus values (by DMA) of ∼ 66 GPa were obtained for ACP/carbon fiber composites compared with 42 GPa for epoxy/carbon composites made in our laboratories using commercially available materials. The modulus values at 300°C dropped to 10% of the room temperature value for the epoxy composites, while the ACP/carbon composite maintained 60% of its room temperature value at 300°C. When brought back to ambient temperature, the modulus of latter sample had increased to 80 GPa and that of the epoxy composite dropped to 23 GPa. Glass fiber ACP composites performed similar to an epoxy composite up to 200°C but maintained properties up to 300°C while those of the epoxy were drastically reduced. TGA analysis of both cured ACP resin and its composites showed decomposition beginning at 375°C. Three-point-bending tests indicated very high modulus with brittle failure for ACP composites. Scanning electron micrographs showed moderate bonding of the new resin to both carbon glass fiber surfaces. This new class of thermosetting resins offers excellent potential for application in low-cost glass and carbon composites with good thermal and physical properties.
Effect of gap junction distribution on impulse propagation in a monolayer of myocytes: a model study.

Aims To use microstructural computer models to study how four features of myocardial architecture affect propagation: brick wall tissue structures, jutting at cell ends, gap junction distribution and conductance along cell borders, and increased structural discontinuity. Methods and results Simulations of longitudinal and transverse plane wave propagation and point propagation were performed in several two-dimensional (2D) microstructural models of adult cardiac tissue. Conduction velocities and maximum upstroke velocities were measured for a range of gap junction conductances and distributions. In tissue models with normal to low connectivity, brick wall architecture and jutting decrease cell-to-cell delay, increase longitudinal conduction velocity, and decrease longitudinal maximum upstroke velocity. Transverse conduction velocity also increases if the overlap or jutting introduces additional lateral (side-to-side) connections between myocytes. Both end-to-end and side-to-side interplicate gap junctions increase longitudinal and transverse conduction velocity; however, side-to-side interplicate gap junctions have the greatest influence on transverse conduction velocity and longitudinal and transverse maximum upstroke velocity. Conclusion The complex structure of myocardium creates additional pathways of current flow that enhance both longitudinal and transverse propagation. These alternative pathways of current help to maintain conduction as connectivity between cells decreases.
The effect of a human facial context on the discrimination and recognition of curved lines

Children learned either to discriminate or to recognize curved lines which either represented mouths of face drawings or were surrounded by a plain square. The effect of the face context depended on the experimental task. Children who learned to discriminate among “sad” mouths made more errors in a transfer task than did children who learned to discriminate among unrepresentative lines. In the recognition task, direction of curvature of the critical lines, and not their context, affected performance difficulty.