cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bystander Response to Sexual Assault Disclosures in the U.S. Military: Encouraging Survivors to use Formal Resources

Experiencing military sexual assault (MSA) results in serious mental health consequences. Sexual assault survivors often disclose to informal sources of support, and how these individuals respond can have a significant effect on survivors' wellbeing. Bystander intervention is one mechanism through which institutions, such as the U.S. Military, aim to teach informal support providers to respond positively and effectively to sexual assaults. One bystander response that survivors may find helpful is the discussion of formal resources (e.g., counseling options, reporting options). The current study examined factors associated with U.S. Service members' intentions to encourage sexual assault survivors to report and seek mental health counseling, including individual characteristics (rank, gender, personal experience of MSA) and perceptions of military sexual assault response efforts (exposure to sexual assault training, leader response to sexual assault, service barriers). The study also examined contextual factors (branch) and interactions between individual and contextual predictors. We analyzed survey data from 27,505 active duty Service members collected by the U.S. Department of Defense. As expected, rank, gender, experience of MSA, training exposure, leader response, and service barriers were associated with Service members' intentions to encourage MSA survivors to report and seek-help. Bystander responses to disclosures can have a significant effect on survivors' response to the assault, and these findings can help in identifying why bystanders may or may not encourage the use of formal resources after receiving a sexual assault disclosure.
On orbit performance validation and verification of the SMAP instrument antenna

NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Mission is currently flying in a 685 km orbit. Featuring a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and a radiometer sharing the same antenna, SMAP was developed in collaboration between Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). While the radar requirements on the instrument antenna were more benign from an RF point of view, the radiometer requirement were more difficult to meet because of the stability required by the radiometer to operate to its full potential. The instrument antenna performance was predicted by a very detailed RF model and verified by measuring a 1/10th scale model with great accuracy before launch. Once in orbit, we had the opportunity to measure the antenna performance for both the radiometer and the radar and compare it with the predicted performance given by our RF model. This paper discusses the work done both at JPL and GSFC in order to verify and validate the on orbit performance of the SMAP instrument antenna.
Holoprosencephaly in Kabuki syndrome.

Kabuki syndrome is a rare, multi-systemic disorder of chromatin regulation due to mutations in either KMT2D or KDM6A that encode a H3K4 methyltransferase and an H3K27 demethylase, respectively. The associated clinical phenotype is a direct result of temporal and spatial changes in gene expression in various tissues including the brain. Although mild to moderate intellectual disability is frequently recognized in individuals with Kabuki syndrome, the identification of brain anomalies, mostly involving the hippocampus and related structures remains an exception. Recently, the first two cases with alobar holoprosencephaly and mutations in KMT2D have been reported in the medical literature. We identified a de novo, pathogenic KMT2D variant (c.6295C > T; p.R2099X) using trio whole-exome sequencing in a 2-year-old female with lobar holoprosencephaly, microcephaly and cranio-facial features of Kabuki syndrome. This report expands the spectrum of brain anomalies associated with Kabuki syndrome underscoring the important role of histone modification for early brain development.
Rare animals at a Mississippian chiefly compound: the Irene Mound site (9CH1), Georgia, USA

The Irene Mound site (9CH1) was a Middle and Late Mississippian site (ca. AD 1150–1450) situated on a bluff overlooking the lower Savannah River, Georgia (USA), a few kilometers upstream from the A...
2D-material-enabled multifunctional mid-IR optoelectronics

New narrow-gap two-dimensional (2-D) semiconductors exemplified by black phosphorus and tellurene are promising material candidates for mid-IR optoelectronic devices. In particular, tellurene, atomically thin crystals of elemental tellurium, is an emerging narrow-gap 2-D semiconductor amenable to scalable solution-based synthesis and large-area deposition. It uniquely combines tunable bandgap energies, high carrier mobility, exceptionally large electro-optic activity, and superior chemical stability, making it a promising and versatile material platform for mid-infrared photonics. Here we discuss the design and experimental realization of integrated photonic devices based on tellurene and other 2-D semiconductors specifically for the mid-IR spectral regime based on a chalcogenide glass (ChG) photonic platform.
On the Dimension of Spaces Of Piecewise Polynomials in Two Variables

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the dimension of linear spaces of piecewise polynomials defined on triangulations of the plane. Such spaces are of considerable interest in general approximation and data fitting, as well as in the numerical solution of boundary-value problems by the finite-element method. We begin by defining the notion of triangulation.
Anastomotic Techniques for Abdominal Crohn's Disease: Tricks and Tips.

After surgical resection for Crohn's disease (CD) endoscopic recurrence is noted within few weeks and almost 80% of patients will have evidence of endoscopic recurrence at the anastomosis after ile...
The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control Project

We describe an ambitious ongoing study that has been strongly influenced and inspired by Don Stuss's career-long efforts to identify key cognitive processes that characterize executive control, investigate potential unifying dimensions that define prefrontal function, and carefully attend to individual differences. The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control project tests a theoretical framework positing two key control dimensions: proactive and reactive. The framework's central tenets are that proactive and reactive control modes reflect domain-general dimensions of individual variation, with distinctive neural signatures, involving the lateral pFC as a central node within associated brain networks (e.g., fronto-parietal, cingulo-opercular). In the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control project, each participant is scanned while performing theoretically targeted variants of multiple well-established cognitive control tasks (Stroop, cued task-switching, AX-CPT, Sternberg working memory) in three separate imaging sessions, that each encourages utilization of different control modes plus also completes an extensive out-of-scanner individual differences battery. Additional key features of the project include a high spatio-temporal resolution (multiband) acquisition protocol and a sample that includes a substantial subset of monozygotic twin pairs and participants recruited from the Human Connectome Project. Although data collection is still continuing (target n = 200), we provide an overview of the study design and protocol, along with initial results (n = 80) revealing evidence of a domain-general neural signature of cognitive control and its modulation under reactive conditions. Aligned with Don Stuss's legacy of scientific community building, a partial data set has been publicly released, with the full data set released at project completion, so it can serve as a valuable resource.
First-time mediator stories: Keys to better training and mediator preparation

How can mediation trainers and programme directors ensure that mediators are ready for their first solo case? This study utilised an online survey of forty-one mediators across case types to learn from their first mediation experiences; we asked them to reflect on how it felt to mediate for the first time and the ways in which their training had (or had not) prepared them to succeed. We found that more mediators used negative descriptors than positive ones to describe their initial mediation experience, yet nearly all claimed to have enjoyed mediation training. Study participants voiced a desire for more observations and co-mediation of real cases, or short of that, more role-play practice to prepare them for mediation. This study shares their narratives, analyses their feedback for mediation trainers, and helps to normalise the nervousness felt by most mediators during their first (and subsequent) cases.
Preparation of TiO2 Films for Oxygen Sensors

Properties of TiO2-films for oxygen sensing were investigated. Especially the influence of sensor characteristics on crystal phase (anatase-rutile) and structure of the films was studied. Preparation was made by sputtering and ICB (Ion Cluster Beam deposition). Changes in phase and structure due to variation of deposition parameters were measured by X-ray diffraction. The experiments showed a clear advantage of ICB for our purpose. The results and the influence on sensor characteristics are discussed.
Oxide Single Crystal Growth

Processing of ceramics from the liquid phase includes glass formation, glass-ceramics, fusion casting of refractories eutectic solidification, and single crystal growth. Ceramics include oxides, borides, carbides, and nitrides. This paper will, however, only discuss oxide single crystal growth as a form of processing. Borides, carbides, and nitrides generally sublime at very high temperatures rather than melt and, therefore, they are not processed from the liquid phase. Oxides can be processed from the liquid phase. The reasons why it is preferable to process them as single crystals if high technology applications are required will be discussed. The paper will also cover the factors that have allowed oxide single crystal growth to go from the laboratory to the factory by covering the modern crystal growth processing techniques. Materials and applications will be covered in the course of discussion.
Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter

With the exception of premature systoles, atrial fibrillation is the most common of the major cardiac arrhythmias. It may be an acute paroxysmal arrhythmia or a chronic established arrhythmia. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation may last for only a few moments, a few hours, or a few days. When the arrhythmia has been present for a number of weeks, it usually becomes an established or permanent arrhythmia. However, occasionally sinus rhythm is reestablished, even after years of chronic atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation in the absence of rheumatic valvular disease affects more than one million Americans and is associated with more than 75,000 cases of stroke per year (Special report, 1990). It is estimated to affect 2% to 4% of adults over 60 (Antman et al, 1990).
VLF wave intensity in the plasmasphere due to tropospheric lightning

[1] A climatology of VLF (very low frequency) wave intensity from lightning in the plasmasphere is constructed. Starting from Optical Transient Detector/Lightning Imaging Sensor (OTD/LIS) lightning data representing 1995–2005, a climatology of strikes is assembled with 1° × 1° latitude-longitude spatial resolution, averaged into 2 h bins for each month of the year. Assuming a linear relationship between optical flash rate and VLF power flux, and that the VLF amplitude drops off as one over distance, a proxy for VLF power is developed. A typical lightning spectrum is applied and the values are scaled by appropriate transionospheric absorptions for each time and place. These values are mapped along geomagnetic field lines in order to compare them to E-field spectral densities measured by the DEMETER satellite between 2005 and 2009. An overview of the DEMETER survey mode data is presented which leads to the best scaling of the lightning VLF climatology in LEO (low earth orbit). The resulting data set represents a monthly, 2-hour, solar minimum climatology of VLF wave intensity from lightning in LEO. Finally, the E-field spectral densities are converted to Poynting flux, mapped to the plasmasphere, and converted to B-field spectral densities. Good overall agreement is found with previous observations and estimates. This new climatology is expected to have a significant impact on calculations of pitch-angle diffusion for relativistic electrons in the inner radiation belt.
Amyloid polyneuropathy caused by wild‐type transthyretin

Introduction Amyloidosis derived from transthyretin (TTR) molecules is typically caused by mutations of the TTR gene. Methods We describe an elderly patient with a severe length-dependent polyneuropathy that unexpectedly proved to be caused by wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis. Results The diagnosis was made by muscle biopsy, because no amyloid deposits were found in the biopsied nerve segment. Most cases of wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis occur in elderly patients with cardiomyopathy, but a few cases of polyneuropathy have been reported. Conclusions This entity is especially noteworthy in light of emerging treatment options for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis, which are likely to also be beneficial in wild-type disease. Muscle Nerve 52: 146–149, 2015
Spectrum of global left ventricular responses to supine exercise

Left ventricular function was evaluated with rest and supine bicycle exercise-multigated blood pool scans in 53 patients who had previously undergone coronary angiography for evaluation of a chest pain syndrome. There were 21 normal patients ( 50% narrowing in 1 or more major coronary arteries). Thirty-two (60%) were receiving propranolol at the time of the study. The normal patient group had a significant increase in mean ejection fraction (EF) during exercise (+0.08 ± 0.09), while the CAD group had no increase (0 ± 0.11; p 2 ) but demonstrated no significant change in the CAD group (1 ± 12 ml/m 2 ; p
The Future of Telecommunications Shopping: What are Cousumers Waiting for?

Telecommunication shopping is a concept that has technologically been developed to the point where expanded market introduction is now possible. This research focuses on two different modes of telecommunications shopping for two distinct categories of consumer goods. Measures of attribute importance and beliefs are presented and discussed. The results suggest that significant gaps exist between the availability of innovative retailing systems and consumer acceptance of these same systems.
Collapsing factors in multitrait-multimethod models: examining consequences of a mismatch between measurement design and model

Models of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) are frequently applied to examine the convergent validity of scores obtained from multiple raters or methods in so-called multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) investigations. Many applications of CFA-MTMM and similarly structured models result in solutions in which at least one method (or specific) factor shows non-significant loading or variance estimates. Eid et al. (2008) distinguished between MTMM measurement designs with interchangeable (randomly selected) vs. structurally different (fixed) methods and showed that each type of measurement design implies specific CFA-MTMM measurement models. In the current study, we hypothesized that some of the problems that are commonly seen in applications of CFA-MTMM models may be due to a mismatch between the underlying measurement design and fitted models. Using simulations, we found that models with M method factors (where M is the total number of methods) and unconstrained loadings led to a higher proportion of solutions in which at least one method factor became empirically unstable when these models were fit to data generated from structurally different methods. The simulations also revealed that commonly used model goodness-of-fit criteria frequently failed to identify incorrectly specified CFA-MTMM models. We discuss implications of these findings for other complex CFA models in which similar issues occur, including nested (bifactor) and latent state-trait models.
Turkish “Foreign Policy” Towards the European Union Under AK Party Rule: From “Europeanization” to the “Alliance of Civilizations”

This study applies poststructuralist foreign policy analysis in Turkey's relationswith the EU. It argues that in order to enervate the existing hegemony in the domesticrealm, the AK Party put the objective of integration with the EU at the top of its foreignpolicy agenda in its early years. However, as the existing hegemony weakened, the AKParty has launched its project of constructing a conservative society. In order to achievethis goal, it has gradually engaged in re-articulating Turkey's relations with the EU aroundthe theme of the alliance of civilizations and also pushed back EU integration process inits foreign policy agenda. The secular and liberal sectors of society have argued that thischange derails Turkey from the “civilizing” process and undercutting democratization.The leaders of AK Party, in response, assert that Turkey's goal for EU membership is stillon the table but with a caveat: it is not integration with the civilization; it is rather relationsamong civilizations.
Three-body force effects in the /sup 17/O magnetic form factor

We find large corrections to the $^{17}\mathrm{O}$ magnetic form factor arising from a two-pion exchange three-body force. These corrections are comparable in magnitude to meson exchange current contributions. The phases of the $M1$, $M3$, and $M5$ amplitudes due to the three-body force are favorable for improving agreement between theory and experiment, especially in the region of momentum transfer between 1.5 and 3.0 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
A differentiable structure for metric measure spaces

Abstract The main result of this paper is the provision of conditions under which a metric measure space admits a differentiable structure. This differentiable structure gives rise to a finite-dimensional L ∞ cotangent bundle over the given metric measure space and then to a Sobolev space H 1, p over the given metric measure space, the latter which is reflexive for p >1. This extends results of Cheeger (Geom. Funct. Anal. 9 (1999) (3) 428) to a wider collection of metric measure spaces.
Hydroxamic acid: a potential human teratogen that could be recommended to treat ureaplasma.

Hydroxamic acid has been shown in experimental animals to be teratogenic. It can be used to treat chronic cercicitis ; extreme caution is recommanded to avoid exposure to this potential human teratogen.
The Role of Interstellar Scintillation in Intraday Variations at Centimetre Wavelengths

The evidence in support of interstellar scintillation as the predominant cause of intraday variations at centimetre wavelengths is reviewed. A new evaluation of the highest brightness temperature implied for AGN is found to be consistent with the Doppler factors in typical jet models, but requires the scattering to occur within about 30 pc of the Earth.
Spectroscopic and Computational Investigation of the H155A Variant of Cysteine Dioxygenase: Geometric and Electronic Consequences of a Third-Sphere Amino Acid Substitution

Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) is a mononuclear, non-heme iron(II)-dependent enzyme that utilizes molecular oxygen to catalyze the oxidation of l-cysteine (Cys) to cysteinesulfinic acid. Although the kinetic consequences of various outer-sphere amino acid substitutions have previously been assessed, the effects of these substitutions on the geometric and electronic structures of the active site remained largely unexplored. In this work, we have performed a spectroscopic and computational characterization of the H155A CDO variant, which was previously shown to display a rate of Cys oxidation ∼100-fold decreased relative to that of wild-type (WT) CDO. Magnetic circular dichroism and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic data indicate that the His155 → Ala substitution has a significant effect on the electronic structure of the Cys-bound Fe(II)CDO active site. An analysis of these data within the framework of density functional theory calculations reveals that Cys-bound H155A Fe(II)CDO possesses a six-co...
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of hepatic gene transcription

Objective: Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids have a significant impact on the activity and abundance of key transcription factors controlling the expression of proteins involved in major metabolic pathways. The primary objective of this review is to provide an overview of our understanding of how dietary PUFA effects on gene expression lead to changes in hepatic metabolism. Design: Narrative review. This review will focus on how dietary PUFA control hepatic lipid synthesis and oxidation through the regulation of specific transcription factors. Research articles that address critical issues in fatty acid regulation of gene expression were identified. Information from these papers is summarized. Results: Four families of hepatic transcription factors have been identified that are regulated by changes in dietary lipid intake or by treating cultured cells with specific fatty acids. These families include: peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARa, b, g1, g2 ), liver X receptors (LXRa and b), hepatic nuclear factor-4 a (HNF-4a) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP-1a, -1c and –2). Together, these factors control carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cholesterol and bile acid metabolism and apolipoproteins production. Conclusions: These studies reveal a complex interaction between dietary lipid, specific transcription factors and hepatic carbohydrate, lipid, cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. Keywords: PPAR, LXR, HNF4, SREBP, PUFA, Transcription
The impact of growth parameters on the formation of InAs quantum dots on GaAs(1 0 0) by MOCVD

Abstract We have investigated InAs quantum dots (QD) formed on GaAs(1 0 0) using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Through a combination of room temperature photoluminescence and atomic force microscopy we have characterized the quantum dots. We have determined the effect of growth rate, deposited thickness, hydride partial pressure, and temperature on QD energy levels. The window of thickness for QD formation is very small, about 3 A of InAs. By decreasing the growth rate used to deposit InAs, the ground state transition of the QD is shifted to lower energies. The formation of optically active InAs QD is very sensitive to temperature. Temperatures above 500°C do not form optically active QDs. The thickness window for QD formation increases slightly at 480°C. This is attributed to the thermal dependence of diffusion length. The AsH 3 partial pressure has a non-linear effect on the QD ground state energy.
From White Males to Black Females Understanding the National Bodies of Ethiopia (1896–1936)

This essay argues that the racial identities assigned to Ethiopia in the late 19th century and early 20th century were a direct result of the sexualized racial identities that were due to racist ph...
Divisional sell‐off: A hazard function analysis

For a sample of roughly 450 companies, hazard function estimation is used to determine the environmental and organizational variables precipitating the ‘sell-off’ of divisional units. The sample focuses on 285 ‘lines of business’ fully divested between 1975 and 1981, comparing them to 2157 retained lines. The most powerful sell-off predictor was prior profitability at the line of business level; the lower profits, the higher the sell-off probability. Also, divestiture was more likely, the lower company-wide profitability, the lower a line's market share, the lower the line's R&D/sales ratio, and in the aftermath of a company chief executive officer change. Units previously acquired in conglomerate mergers were more likely to be sold off than original units. On the buyer's side of the sell-off market, large companies acquiring other firms' divested units tended to improve the units' profit performance, but not enough, on average, to realize a normal return on their investments.
Dynamics of organelles in the mitotic spindles of living cells : membrane and microtubule interactions

The distribution and dynamics of the membranous organelles in two cell types were investigated during cell division. Live cells (either PtK2 or LLC-PK1) labeled with the vital dye 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide [DiOC6(3)] were observed via serial optical sectioning with the laser-scanning confocal microscope. Z-series of labeled, dividing cells were collected every 1-2 minutes throughout mitosis, beginning at prophase and extending to the spreading of the daughter cells. Membrane distribution began to change from the onset of prophase in both cell types. When the mitotic spindle formed in prometaphase, fine tubular membranes, similar to those extending out to the edges of interphase cells aligned along the kinetochore spindle fibers. The lacy polygonal network typical of interphase cells persisted beneath the spindle, and a membrane network was also associated with the dorsal layer of the cell. As PtK2 cells reached metaphase, their spindles were nearly devoid of membrane staining, whereas the spindles of LLC-PK1 cells contained many tubular and small vesicular membranous structures. X-Z series of the LLC-PK1 metaphase spindle revealed a small cone of membranes that was separated from the rest of the cytoplasm by kinetochore MTs. In both cell types, as chromosome separation proceeded, the interzone remained nearly devoid of membranes until the onset of anaphase B. At this time the elongating interzonal microtubules were closely associated with the polygonal network of endoplasmic reticulum. Cytokinesis caused a compression, and then an exclusion of organelles from the midbody. Immunofluorescence staining with anti-tubulin antibodies suggested that spindle membranes were associated with microtubules throughout mitosis. In addition, taxol induced a dense and extensive collection of small vesicles to collect at the spindle poles of both cell types. Nocodazole treatment induced a distinct loss of organization of the membranous components of the spindles. Together these results suggest that microtubules organize the membrane distribution in mitotic cells, and that this organization may vary in different cell types depending on the quantity of microtubules within the spindle.
Effect of sub-Tg relaxations on chromophore reorientation in corona-poled polymers

Activation volumes for chromophore reorientation were measured for a series of guest-host polymeric materials, indicating a significant coupling between chromophore motion and the glassy α and β relaxation dynamics of the polymer host. The specific systems studied were formed by individually dissolving N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline (DpNA), 4-(dimethylamino)-4'-nitrotolane (DMANT), 4-(diethylamino)-4'-nitrotolane (DEANT), and 1-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)ethynyl)-4-((4-nitrophenyl)ethynyl)benzene (DMAPEANT) in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA), and poly(isobutyl methacrylate)(PiBMA). In each of these systems, the isothermal, sub-T g decay of the second-order optical susceptibility X (2) was monitored as a function of pressure using second harmonic generation. In each system, the observed decay of X (2) was represented by a stretched exponential equation from which the decay time τ 0 and decay distribution width β KWW were determined. For each dopant molecule, the decrease in activation volume with the increasing size of the polymer host's alkyl side group and the pressure dependence of β KWW were indicative of partial coupling between chromophore rotation and the glassy β relaxation dynamics of the polymer host.
The psychiatrist as a “presence”: Possible effects on emergency room staff attitudes

In this preliminary study, the experimental presence of a consulting psychiatrist at medical rounds was instituted in a busy city hospital emergency room. The psychiatrist was instructed only to respond to questions on psychiatric topics. Students were asked to record data from the discussions which occurred both with and without the presence of the psychiatrist. Our results suggest that the passive, supportive presence of a psychiatrist during medical rounds in the E.R. had a significant impact upon medical staff sensitivity to psychological topics as measured by the time spent discussing issues of a related nature. Since the study is limited to the time of the recording, no long-term conclusions can be drawn. Our work does raise significant questions, however, about medical staff sensitization to psychosocial issues and the facilitating effect of the psychiatrist in the E.R. setting.
Natural convection in a vertical channel with opposing buoyancy forces

Abstract Free convection in a vertical channel within which the buoyancy force reverses its sign has been studied experimentally and theoretically. The experimental system consisted of a channel formed between two vertical plates, one porous and the other solid. Both plates were maintained at uniform surface temperatures, higher than the ambient, while a heavy gas (CO2) was transpired into the channel through the porous plate. The temperature and CO2 concentration fields in the channel were measured by combined use of a thermocouple probe and Mach-Zehnder interferometry. The temperature and concentration fields were also determined via a finite difference solution of the time dependent boundary layer equations. As the time dependent equations are parabolic in time, the solution may be stepped forward in time using centered finite differences for spatial derivatives until a steady state solution is reached. A finite difference scheme may thus be constructed which is stable regardless of the sign of the streamwise velocity component. The solutions thus obtained reveal many interesting features of this complex flow, including the effects of opposing buoyancy forces on the axial velocity profiles. Measured profiles of temperature and concentration showed close agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Theories, Concepts, and Techniques: Too Much of a Number of Good Things?

The field of information technology in education is nearly 30 years old. There have been many impressive achievements during that time. However, the field seems to have developed a number of theories, concepts, and activities that are often taken for granted and are regarded as sacrosanct. A case is made for the notion that theories should be practical and that it is possible to have too much of a good thing.
Peers’ Attitudes Toward Autism Differ Across Sociometric Groups: An Exploratory Investigation

We examined the influence of sociometric status and the interactive effects of sociometric status and causal information on peers’ initial impressions of an unfamiliar child with autism. Children (N = 576) enrolled in regular education completed sociometric nominations and responded to videotapes of a child portraying autistic behavior. In contrast to sociometrically average and rejected children, neglected children reported more negative attitudes toward the child with autism and less willingness to engage in academic activities with him. Popular children did not differ from other sociometric groups on self-reported attitudes and behavioral intentions toward the child with autism. We predicted that popular children would be the most responsive to causal information about autism; however, rejected children reported more willingness to engage in activities with the child with autism in the presence of explanatory information when compared to other sociometric groups.
Media analysis as critical reflexology in exploring adult learning theories

Examining media artifacts as a learning method has received little attention in human resource development (HRD) despite it being a predominate form of information and influence in popular culture. As Giroux (2002) opines, media functions as a form of public pedagogy by offering situations and contexts through which viewers can vicariously experience, critique, reflect, and learn about individual and group differences. Although adult education has a long history of using popular culture to examine and teach critical pedagogical practices, its focus within the HRD literature and practice has been limited. Our summary article will synthesize the student-authored articles' results using themes found in Wright and Sandlin's (2010) review of adult education and media analysis literature. We then discuss the student-author experiences of interacting with their media artifact and the relative implications for instructional practice and furthering research on critical HRD, adult learning, and media analysis.
Bermuda's 'Domesday Book': Richard Norwood's surveys and the development of the Somers Islands, 1616–63

AbstractRichard Norwood's two early surveys of Bermuda (1617 and 1663) provide highly detailed evidence of early architecture and settlement patterns in Great Britain's oldest remaining colony. This article analyses shifts in land ownership, residence locations and house forms that occurred during Bermuda's first half-century of colonization. It is argued that Norwood's maps have the potential to reveal the locations of more than 400 early archaeological sites that can tell us much about Bermuda's now lost 17th-century domestic timber-frame architecture.
Langevin Simulation in Minkowski Space

Abstract We present in this paper a “tentative”, “formal” proof that the Langevin simulation for relativistic systems can be performed directly in Minkowski space without rotating to euclidean time. The proof bypasses the difficult task of studying the spectrum of the non-self-adjoint Fokker-Planck hamiltonian and it is based on a dimensional-reduction argument recently proposed by this author.
Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and mortality in older adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III

Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and mortality in older adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III
A secularly varying hemispheric climate-signal propagation previously detected in instrumental and proxy data not detected in CMIP3 data base

Results of previous studies support the existence of a spatially coherent, secularly varying climate signal, propagating through a network of synchronized climate indices across the Northern Hemisphere during the 20th century. The signal was identified in both instrumental and proxy data sets. In this present study, we seek to detect this same low-frequency signal propagating hemispherically through networks of model-simulated climate indices. These simulated climate indices were reconstructed from a data set generated by models of the third Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). Methods used in the earlier studies on climate-signal propagation guide the strategy for this companion study, for which 60 network analyses were performed. Most analyses focused on 20th century behavior, several on pre-industrial conditions. None succeeded in reproducing a hemispherically propagating signal. In light of previous results, we offer possible reasons for this finding. Among them is speculation on whether mechanisms relevant to signal propagation might be missing from this suite of general circulation models.
Field Evaluation of Diflubenzuron and Carbaryl Bran Baits Against Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Populations in South Dakota

Control of rangeland grasshoppers with flaky wheat bran treated with diflubenzuron and carbaryl was tested in South Dakota during 1988 and 1989. Diflubenzuron (0.75 or 1.0% [AI]/kg) was delivered at 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha and carbaryl (2.0% [AI]/kg) at 1.1 kg/ha. In 1988 and 1989, diflubenzuron and carbaryl treatments were equally effective. The 2-yr (1988 + 1989) combined total population reductions ranged from 34.9 ± 10.5% for the diflubenzuron 0.75% (AI)/kg applied at 1.1 kg/ha to 66.7 ± 11.0% for the diflubenzuron 1.0% at 2.2 kg/ha. The standard carbaryl 2.0% AI/kg at 1.1 kg/ha was 57.9 ± 6.0%. The variability between the applications at the two sites was caused mainly by the difference in prevailing weather patterns. Sublethal effects were noted for the effects of treatment on the average age of the grasshoppers. At Edgemont, SD, in 1989, five species of grasshoppers occurred in all before-treatment counts and were analyzed in detail. Two species, Cordillacris occipitalis (Thomas) and Amphitornus coloradus (Thomas), did not feed on the bait and showed no mortality. Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) was controlled, but no significant differences among the treatments were detected. Diflubenzuron and carbaryl treatments significantly reduced populations of Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder) and Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum (Thomas). Observations 1 yr after treatment of these species revealed that P. quadrimaculatum and A. deorum continued to exhibit residual effects of treated bran.
From laptop to desktop

Abstract Direct linking of TandyR 100, 102, and 200 laptop computers with IBM-ATR desktop computers equipped with the telecommunication program Crosstalktm allows for rapid processing of field biological data and information1.
EXTRACTION OF LANTHANIDE METALS WITH B.TS (2. 4, 4-TRIMETHYLPENTYL) PHOSPHINIC ACID

ABSTRACT Extraction equilibria for a series of lanthanide ions using chloroform solutions of bjs(2, 4, 4-triraeth-ylpentyl)-phosphinic acid (HBTMPP), either alone or combined with adduct forming agents have been studied. The extracted species are Ln (HTMPP) (HBTMPP), and. Ln(BTMPP)3 (HBTMPP)(TOPO) in the presence of trioctyl-phosphine oxide (TOPO). TOPO war; found to increase both the extractability and selectivity of lanthanide metals in the system.
The influence of zinc on the surface properties of cobalt-alumina catalysts

Addition of a small quantity of zinc to ..gamma..-Al/sub 2/0/sub 3/ was studied with respect to influence on the surface properties of a series of Co/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts. ESCA and ISS results indicate that at low cobalt concentrations (less than or equal to8% Co) the presence of zinc can enhance formation of a cobalt ''surface spinel'' resulting from the diffusion of Co ions into tetrahedral sites of the ..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ support. At higher cobalt loadings a drastic increase in the ESCA and ISS metal/support intensity ratios is seen relative to catalysts without zinc. X-Ray diffraction data indicate that the increases in intensity ratios result from an increase in dispersion, i.e., generation of smaller cobalt oxide crystallites in the zinc-doped catalysts. For a series of catalysts having fixed cobalt concentrations, the influence of particle size on ESCA and ISS intensity ratios was determined.
Human reasoning includes a mental logic

Oaksford & Chater (O&C) have rejected logic in favor of probability theory for reasons that are irrelevant to mental-logic theory, because mental-logic theory differs from standard logic in significant ways. Similar to O&C, mental-logic theory rejects the use of the material conditional and deals with the completeness problem by limiting the scope of its procedures to local sets of propositions.
Activation of a C-type virus from the human carcinoma cell line HBT-3 by iododeoxyuridine and testosterone.

WE report the activation of a C-type virus from the human carcinoma cell line, HBT-3, with iododeoxyuridine following a testosterone-induced cellular morphology change. We feel that this method will prove useful in activating endogenous C-type virus. Studies are in progress to further characterise the virus and determine the species of origin.
Rate measurement by pulse technique for individual steps involved in CO hydrogenation and its application to catalyst design

By using pulse reaction technique, the rates were measured for the individual steps involved in CO hydrogenation over transition metal catalysts with and without promoters. On all the transition metals other than Rh, the rate constant for the dissociation of C-O bond (k1) was much smaller than that for the hydrogenation of surface carbon species (k2). The oxides of V, Nb, Mo, and W added to Ru/Al2O3 increasedk1 and decreasedk3. The Rh catalyst was unique in the sense that there was not much difference betweenk1 andk2. The characteristic feature observed was found to be useful in designing a catalyst for the production of liquid fuel or C2-oxygenates from syngas.
The Electrophysiologic Basis for the Use of Amiodarone for Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias

The electrophysiologic basis for the use of amiodarone in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias is outlined, with reference to studies in isolated cardiac tissues, whole animal, and human studies. Amiodarone appears to have the distinctive property of directly prolonging action potential duration (and hence refractory periods) in nearly all cardiac tissues. Independent of its effects on refractory periods, conduction may also be impaired in the His-Purkinje system, possibly due to depression of phase 0 of the action potential. Sinus node and atrial automaticity, as well as that arising from diseased Purkinje fibers, may be depressed. Normal ventricular escape pacemakers appear relatively unaffected, however. A nonspecific anti-adrenergic action may contribute to its observed effects. These electrophysiological effects are more obvious and predictable after several weeks of oral treatment than after intravenous administration, suggesting a time-dependent mechanism of action. The drug appears well suited to the prevention of enhanced automaticity in the ventricle and re-entry throughout the heart, and its frequent clinical success in a broad spectrum of cardiac arrhythmias attests to this. Unwanted side effects include sinus node depression, His-Purkinje conduction delay or block, and ventricular arrhythmias enhanced by QT prolongation. However, the frequency of clinically significant examples of unwanted arrhythmic effects appears to be acceptably low.
Baseline dietary intake and physical activity of Japanese American men in relation to glucose tolerance at 5-year follow-up.

Japanese American men (n = 124), with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 69) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 55) at baseline, were studied for effects of baseline dietary intake and physical activity on glucose tolerance at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. At baseline, both NGT and IGT men with positive family history of diabetes (FH) showed high intakes of animal fat and protein, but only the NGT men countered this with high levels of energy expenditure. In the total sample at 5-year follow-up, 2-hour plasma glucose was significantly related to intake of animal fat (AF), partial correlation r = 0.32, P 2,000 kcal/week, 189.9 ± 39.2 vs. 150.8 ± 37.4 mg/dl, P = 0.028; with risk categories combined, i.e., both high, mixed, both low: 192.0 ± 41.3, 165.4 ± 28.4, 139.4 ± 40.9 mg/dl, P = 0.045, linear trend, P = 0.014). Thus, high AF intake and low EE may have long-range detrimental effects on glucose tolerance, especially for those with IGT and positive FH. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls in ranid frogs and northern water snakes from a hazardous waste site and a contaminated watershed

Livers of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) from a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated watershed and hazardous waste site located in Pickens County, South Carolina, contained significantly higher concentrations of PCBs (2.33 and 2.26 ppm, respectively) than those from a reference site (0.05 ppm). Green frogs (R. clamitans) from the two contaminated sites also accumulated higher levels of PCBs (2.37 and 3.88 ppm, respectively) than those from the reference site (0.02 ppm). No temporal variation was observed in PCB concentrations of bullfrogs or green frogs from the contaminated sites between 1992 and 1993. Levels of PCBs in the livers of northern water snakes (Nerodia sipedon) were significantly higher in snakes from the contaminated watershed (13.70 ppm) than in those from the waste site (2.29 ppm) and two reference sites (2.50 and 1.23 ppm). When compared to frogs, significantly higher bioaccumulation occurred in water snakes from the contaminated watershed. No significant differences in PCB levels were found with respect to sex or body size (snout-vent length (SVL) or body mass) for frogs or snakes. PCBs were detected also in eggs of both frogs and snakes. Results of this study provide baseline data and document the bioaccumulation of PCB residues in frog and snake tissues; however, the significance of these tissue residues to reproduction, survival, growth/development, and population dynamics in contaminated habitats is unknown.
Spiroiminodihydantoin and guanidinohydantoin are the dominant products of 8-oxoguanosine oxidation at low fluxes of peroxynitrite: mechanistic studies with 18O.

Peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of 8-oxoguanosine results in the formation of two product classes distinguished by the source of their incorporated oxygen atoms. The first product class consists of dehydroguanidinohydantoin (DGh), N-nitro-dehydroguanidinohydantoin (NO2-DGh), and 2,4,6-trioxo[1,3,5]triazinane-1-carboxamidine (CAC) with peroxynitrite as the exogenous O atom source, and the second includes spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp), guanidinohydantoin (Gh), and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dioxo-imidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (HICA), with water serving as the exogenous O atom source. The first product class forms exclusively at high peroxynitrite fluxes, while the second forms exclusively at limiting peroxynitrite fluxes. At intermediate peroxynitrite fluxes, both sets of products are formed. At high fluxes, DGh was the major reaction product, and after several of the peroxynitrite-derived radicals were eliminated as the exogenous O atom source, the peroxynitrite anion emerged as the most likely candidate. On the other ...
SU‐E‐T‐574: Benchmark Comparison Between Varian TrueBeam and Other Linac Models

Purpose: We have examined the photon beam data agreement between the newly released Varian True Beam with other Varian Linacs. Methods: Existing benchmark points were established for dose per MU at various points in the field for various collimator settings and SSD. The benchmark points are chosen to be representative of clinical extreme cases with minimal number. They are designed to examine both photon transport (including output ratio in air, phantom scattering, primary off‐axis ratio, off‐axis beam softening, collimator exchange effects) as well as electron transport (including 1×1 cm2 field size, buildup regions, etc.). All measurements were made with a 0.1cc thimble ionization chamber except for in the small field and in the buildup regions, where a Scanditronix stereotactic diode was used. An IBA blue radiation analyzer was used for all point measurements to ensure accuracy of positioning. For the purpose of comparison, the calibration geometry 1 cGy/MU for all linacs is made to be the same by normalizing the measured ratio to the same calibration geometry. Results: The benchmark points within transient electron equilibrium region agree to within 1% between the Varian TrueBeam and a Varian 2300iX machine. Primary off‐axis ratio agrees to within 0.3% at 15 cm off‐axis at both 10 and 20 cm depths. In the buildup region, the agreement for a 3 × 3 and 40 × 40 cm2 fields at 0.5 cm depth agrees to within 2.1% for 6 MV and 2.5% for 15 MV, respectively. This is possibly due to the positioning error because of the large dose gradient. The dose per MU for 1×1 cm2 field at 10 cm depth agrees to within 0.3% for 6 MV and 0.8% for 15 MV, respectively. Conclusion: The photon beam data for the Varian TrueBeam agrees with the existing Varian 2300ix for IMRT for the same nominal energies, provided they are calibrated the same way.
Flammability testing for carpet

Criteria have been proposed using the new Flooring Radiant Panel Test that provide safety equivalent to the level provided by the NFPA's Life Safety Code. Note: The test methods described herein do not pertain to carpet used other than for floor covering.