cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel caching scheme for improving Internet-based mobile ad hoc networks performance

Internet-based mobile ad hoc network (Imanet) is an emerging technique that combines a wired network (e.g. Internet) and a mobile ad hoc network (Manet) for developing a ubiquitous communication infrastructure. To fulfill users' demand to access various kinds of information, however, an Imanet has several limitations such as limited accessibility to the wired Internet, insufficient wireless bandwidth, and longer message latency. In this paper, we address the issues involved in information search and access in Imanets. An aggregate caching mechanism and a broadcast-based Simple Search (SS) algorithm are proposed for improving the information accessibility and reducing average communication latency in Imanets. As a part of the aggregate cache, a cache admission control policy and a cache replacement policy, called Time and Distance Sensitive (TDS) replacement, are developed to reduce the cache miss ratio and improve the information accessibility. We evaluate the impact of caching, cache management, and the number of access points that are connected to the Internet, through extensive simulation. The simulation results indicate that the proposed aggregate caching mechanism can significantly improve an Imanet performance in terms of throughput and average number of hops to access data items.
Consent and the Legitimacy of Punishment Response to Brettschneider

In his paper, “The Right of the Guilty,” Corey Brettschneider aims to develop and defend a theory of punishment within the framework of a liberal-contractarian conception of political legitimacy. M...
Current management of gender identity disorder in childhood and adolescence: guidelines, barriers and areas of controversy.

Purpose of review The approach to gender identity disorder (GID) in childhood and adolescence has been rapidly evolving and is in a state of flux. In an effort to form management recommendations on the basis of the available literature, The Endocrine Society published clinical practice guidelines in 2009. The guidelines recommend against sex role change in prepubertal children, but they recommend the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists to suppress puberty in adolescence, and the use of cross-sex hormones starting around age 16 for eligible patients. In actual practice, the approach to GID is quite variable due to continued lack of consensus and specific barriers to treatment that are unique to GID. Recent findings Recent literature has focused on the mental health approach to prepubertal children with GID and short-term outcomes using pubertal suppression and cross-sex steroids in adolescents with GID. Summary This review will describe the literature published since the release of The Endocrine Society guidelines regarding the management of GID in both children and adolescents.
Length monitor for 1 mm SLC bunches

A non-intercepting RF bunch length monitor for /spl sigmasub z/=0.5 to 2.0 mm long electron and positron bunches in the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) has been built with a design similar to a previous device for longer bunches. For this device, fields from the beam pass through a ceramic gap, enter receiving cavities, are then measured with power detectors, and finally are recorded by the SLC control computer. The designs of the receiving cavities (25 and 36 GHz) are described as well as the choice of the RF power distribution and measuring systems. Beam measurements have been taken as a function of bunch compressor RF voltage, bunch intensity, and beam position. Long term bunch length measurements were recorded during SLC colliding beam operation indicating that the bunch length is constant to about 3%. Thus, 1 mm length monitors operating at 25 and 36 GHz have successfully monitored long term bunch length changes at the few percent level in the SLC. >
Specificity of the horizontal cell-photoreceptor connections in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) retina

Horizontal cells (HCs) are involved in establishing the center-surround receptive field organization of photoreceptor and bipolar cells. In many species, HCs respond differentially to colors and may play a role in color vision. An earlier study from our laboratory suggested that four types of HCs exist in the zebrafish retina: three cone HCs (H1, H2 and H3) and one rod HC. In this study, we describe their photoreceptor connections. Cones are arranged in a mosaic in which rows of alternating blue (B)- and ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive single cones alternate with rows of red (R)- and green (G)-sensitive double cones; the G cones are adjacent to UV cones and B cones adjacent to R cones. Two small-field (H1 and H2) and two large-field (H3 and rod HC) cells were observed. The cone HC dendritic terminals connected to cones with single boutons, doublets, or rosettes, whereas the rod HCs connected to rods with single boutons. The single boutons/doublets/rosettes of cone HCs were arranged in double rows separated by single rows for H1 cells, in pairs and singles for H2 cells, and in a rectilinear pattern for H3 cells. These connectivity patterns suggest that H1 cells contact R, G, and B cones, H2 cells G, B, and UV cones, and H3 cells B and UV cones. These predictions were confirmed by applying the DiI method to SWS1-GFP retinas whose UV cones express green fluorescent protein. Each rod HC was adjacent to the soma or axon of a DiI-labeled cone HC and connected to 50-200 rods.
Contrasting the influences of stream inputs and landscape position on bacterioplankton community structure and dissolved organic matter composition in high-elevation lake chains

We examined bacterioplankton community composition (BCC; using polymerase chain reaction-based phylogenetic fingerprinting) and the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM; using scanning fluorometry) within lake chains in high-elevation catchments of the Sierra Nevada, California. We compared temporal BCC dynamics in two connected cirque lakes and their inlets and found that lake:inlet community similarity of both lakes declined with increasing residence time because of seasonal snowpack melting. However, for over 3 yr the headwater lake remained distinct from its inlet even during peak snowmelt (residence time ,5 d), whereas the downstream lake was consistently similar to both its inlet and the upstream lake. We subsequently sampled 17 lake chains (4–8 lakes each) throughout the Sierra Nevada longitudinally to examine how landscape position and catchment characteristics influenced the similarity in BCC and DOM among lakes and their connecting streams. Headwater lakes were significantly less similar to their inlet streams than were downstream lakes. BCC was heterogeneous throughout each catchment, but headwater inlet BCC was consistently distinct from all downstream samples. In contrast, DOM exhibited a trend of increasing homogeneity as water moved downstream: upstream and downstream waters were distinct but without clear headwater outliers. The similarity in BCC and DOM between any two lakes within a chain declined with geographic distance. Our results illustrate the contrasting roles of environmental selection and dispersal in structuring bacterioplankton communities, supporting both strong within-lake environmental selection for communities distinct from terrigenous inputs and a weaker effect of geographic dispersal differentiating communities among lakes linked by advective flow.
Coexpression network based on natural variation in human gene expression reveals gene interactions and functions

Genes interact in networks to orchestrate cellular processes. Analysis of these networks provides insights into gene interactions and functions. Here, we took advantage of normal variation in human gene expression to infer gene networks, which we constructed using correlations in expression levels of more than 8.5 million gene pairs in immortalized B cells from three independent samples. The resulting networks allowed us to identify biological processes and gene functions. Among the biological pathways, we found processes such as translation and glycolysis that co-occur in the same subnetworks. We predicted the functions of poorly characterized genes, including CHCHD2 and TMEM111, and provided experimental evidence that TMEM111 is part of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated secretory pathway. We also found that IFIH1, a susceptibility gene of type 1 diabetes, interacts with YES1, which plays a role in glucose transport. Furthermore, genes that predispose to the same diseases are clustered nonrandomly in the coexpression network, suggesting that networks can provide candidate genes that influence disease susceptibility. Therefore, our analysis of gene coexpression networks offers information on the role of human genes in normal and disease processes.
Is It Better to Be Good or Lucky? Decentralized Teacher Selection in 10 Elementary Schools

In this article, the authors explore how school-based hiring reforms play out among schools serving different students in different locations within a single district. In particular, they consider how the intersection of school-based capacity and local school context affect teacher selection practice and outcomes. The analysis is based on a qualitative field study that describes recruitment and interview practices in 10 elementary schools in a large, decentralized urban school district. In addition to conducting interviews with school and district personnel, the authors observed a district-run training session for school-based interview teams and examined district and school documents, including district administrative data on vacancies and assignments for the 2006-2007 school year. All of the schools followed a common hiring procedure, but the authors found striking differences in the extent to which the schools actively recruited teachers and articulated consistent hiring priorities. The authors argue t...
Phase transition in the multifractal spectrum of the Thue-Morse lattice

Abstract A study of the scaling properties of the electron energy spectrum for a one-dimensional tight-binding model with Thue-Morse on-site potential is presented. This system is interesting because it is not periodic, quasiperiodic or random. The multifractal scaling functions f(α) and τ(q) have been numerically calculated using periodic approximations of the spectrum. In the thermodynamic limit, it appears that τ(q) = q − 1 for q 1; correspondingly, the f(α) curve reduces to the two points (α=1, f=1) and (α=1, f=0). This behavior is not sensitive to the strenght of the Thue-Morse potential in the range investigated and it is quite different from the behavior exhibited by quasiperiodic systems. The present results suggest that the spectrum of the Thue-Morse lattice contains absolutely continuous parts (band-like extended states) plus pure point singularities (atomic-like localized states).
Characterization of nuclear structures in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 in the absence of viral DNA replication.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA replication occurs in nuclear domains termed replication compartments, which are areas of viral single-stranded DNA-binding protein (UL29) localization (M.P. Quinlan, L. B. Chen, and D. M. Knipe, Cell 36:857-868). In the presence of herpesvirus-specific polymerase inhibitors, UL29 localizes to punctate nuclear foci called prereplicative sites. Using versions of the helicase-primase complex proteins containing short peptide epitopes which can be detected in an immunofluorescence assay, we have found that the helicase-primase complex localizes to prereplicative sites and replication compartments. To determine if prereplicative site formation is dependent upon these and other essential viral replication proteins, we have studied UL29 localization in cells infected with replication-defective viruses. Cells infected with viruses that fail to express one of the three helicase-primase subunits or the origin-binding protein show a diffuse nuclear staining for UL29. However, in the presence of polymerase inhibitors, mutant-infected cells contain UL29 in prereplicative sites. Replication-defective viruses containing subtle mutations in the helicase or origin-binding proteins behaved identically to their null mutant counterparts. In contrast, cells infected with viral mutants which fail to express the polymerase protein contain prereplicative sites in the absence and presence of polymerase inhibitors. We propose that active viral polymerase prevents the formation of prereplicative sites. Models of the requirement of essential viral replication proteins in the assembly of prereplicative sites are presented.
Non-invasive imaging tests for the evaluation of low risk patients in chest pain units: availability, contributions and drawbacks in real practice.

Patients presenting with chest pain or other symptoms consistent with myocardial ischemia are a common problem throughout the world. In the United States alone, there are over 8 million visits to the emergency department (ED) for chest pain annually, such that it is the secondmost frequent cause of adult ED visits. The presence of hemodynamic stability or ischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) changes identifies a high risk cohort; in the absence of these, the majority of the remaining patients are at lower risk for an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and can be further risk stratified based on symptoms and history of coronary disease. The challenge to clinicians is rapidly and accurately identifying patients from this group who actually have unsuspected ACS. Failure to detect ACS patients can lead to inadvertent ED discharge, a situation associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality, with resultant substantial liability. In an effort to improve risk stratification and identification of ACS and other serious conditions in the ED, a wide array of new imaging techniques have been applied, each with potential advantages and disadvantages. With all of these modalities, clinical judgment is essential for optimal application and interpretation. The simplest test for evaluating chest pain patients is the exercise treadmill test without imaging. Although very early exercise stress testing (ETT), prior to complete exclusion of myocardial infarction (MI), has been applied in some centers successfully, most would be reluctant to exercise a patient without serial markers and symptom resolution. Additional limitations of an ETT alone strategy include baseline ECG changes precluding the ability to interpret the ECG, and exercise tolerance insufficient to exclude ischemia with high confidence. In contrast to ETT, acute imaging is typically applied to patients with and without ongoing symptoms, frequently with only one set of cardiac markers. Advantages of acute imaging include more
Pediatric Urologists' Personal Point-of-view of Health Related Quality of Life.

Objective To assess pediatric urologists' understanding and use of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) resources in clinical practice. HRQOL is becoming an increasingly vital part of patient care. Although HRQOL has been evaluated and instruments have been developed for its assessment for several pediatric conditions, it is underrepresented in pediatric urology. Methods A SurveyMonkey 7-item questionnaire was sent to the members of the Society for Pediatric Urology. The questions inquired as to knowledge of surveys available, views on appropriate age for beginning discussion of HRQOL, patients' and providers' ability to assess patient HRQOL, and the need for disease-specific surveys. Results One-hundred and eighteen providers (37.6%) completed the survey. Remarkably, 85.6% of the responders believe disease-focused HRQOL instruments would be useful for specific urologic diseases; however, only 14.4% of the providers state use of any HRQOL instrument. Only 5 unique measures were reported. The majority felt the age at which patients can start reporting his or her HRQOL is 6-8 (41.3%) or 9-11 (31.2%) years. A preponderance of providers believed both themselves and parents could “somewhat” evaluate the patient HRQOL, but the majority believe it is important to inquire about parents' perceptions of patient HRQOL. Conclusion The overwhelming majority of pediatric urologists believe HRQOL is important but only a minority utilize the available instruments. Further studies are needed to develop instruments to fill this essential gap.
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy in older adults with squamous cell head & neck cancer: Evidence and management.

Abstract Objective: Treatment for head and neck cancers incurs substantial associated morbidities, which can be of potentially greater significance in older patients. Though the geriatric population forms a substantial portion of patients with head and neck cancers, this group remains underrepresented in large clinical trials. Hence, management for this unique subpopulation remains empiric and mostly based on data from younger patients. Materials and Methods: Review of key publications on geriatric patients treated for head and neck cancers. Conclusions: We discuss data regarding chemoradiation for head and neck cancers, as well as management of associated side effects in this population. We encourage oncologists to treat older patients not as a homogeneous subpopulation, but rather assess several factors associated with potential tolerance to chemoradiotherapy. Aggressive supportive treatments for chemoradiotherapy toxicities are highly encouraged in this population, and with new technical/technological developments, there is potential to continually reduce toxicity in this cohort in the future.
Access and Complications of Enteral Nutrition Support for Critically Ill Patients

While enteral nutrition is the preferred method of nutrition support, it is not without its challenges. Choice of access can be complex. Position and type of tube are determined by patient characteristics. Tubes may end in the stomach or small bowel, which may be accessed via the nose, mouth, or through the abdominal wall. Complications may ensue, which may be mechanical, infectious, or metabolic. This chapter reviews the considerations when considering type and position of enteral access, as well as calling attention to the potential complications.
Effect of O-Diazoacetyl-L-Serine (Azaserine) on Growth of Various Mouse and Rat Tumors.

SummaryThe effects of crude culture filtrates of a Streptomyces, of partially purified and of crystalline preparations of azaser-ine have been tested against a spectrum of 17 tumors of the mouse, 5 tumors of the rat and 3 ascites tumors of the mouse. The effects of crude and partially purified filtrates of PI65 on these 17 mouse tumors were generally similar to those of crystalline azaserine. 2. With mouse tumors one day old at start of experiment, daily maximum tolerated doses of 5 mg/kg/day of crystalline azaserine had a marked inhibitory effect on Sarcoma 180; a moderate inhibitory effect on Adenocarcinoma E 0771, Patterson lymphosarcoma and Mecca lymphosarcoma, and on Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and Krebs 2 ascites carcinoma; 13 other tumors have been either only slightly inhibited or not affected. 3. There was no inhibition of any of the tumors except Sarcoma 180 when tests were made with seven-day-old growths. Daily doses of 5 mg/kg/day of crystalline azaserine in rats had a...
Cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2, and prostanoid receptor EP2 in fluid flow shear stress-mediated injury in the solitary kidney.

Hyperfiltration subjects podocytes to increased tensile stress and fluid flow shear stress (FFSS). We showed a 1.5- to 2.0-fold increase in FFSS in uninephrectomized animals and altered podocyte ac...
Conversational Abilities of Autistic Individuals

(1986). Conversational Abilities of Autistic Individuals. Australian Journal of Human Communication Disorders: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 103-108.
A randomized trial for hazardous drinking and smoking cessation for callers to a quitline.

Objective This study evaluated whether tobacco quitline telephone coaches can be trained to counsel hazardous-drinking smokers to improve smoking cessation success and to limit or abstain from alcohol use. Method Smokers (N = 1,948) who called the New York State Smokers' Quitline and reported hazardous drinking (exceeding sex-specific weekly limits [14 drinks for men, 7 drinks for women] or meeting/exceeding daily drinking limits [5 drinks for men, 4 drinks for women] at least once in the past year) were randomized to receive either brief motivational counseling to limit or abstain from alcohol plus an alcohol reduction booklet added to standard care (Alcohol + Tobacco Counseling; ATC), or only smoking cessation counseling plus a smoking cessation booklet added to standard care (Tobacco-Only Counseling; TOC). Results Acceptable coach adherence was achieved. The intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis showed that ATC was associated with a significantly higher rate of smoking abstinence at 7-month follow-up (13.5%) compared with TOC (10.3%; p = .03). The respondent analysis (ATC= 26.2%; TOC = 20.4%) paralleled the ITT findings. When controlling for treatment condition, participants who did not report any heavy drinking were significantly more likely to quit smoking than those who reported any heavy drinking (OR = 1.87, 95% CI [1.29, 2.71]; p = .001). Conclusions A brief alcohol intervention plus standard care via a telephone quitline resulted in significantly higher smoking cessation rates for hazardous-drinking callers. Given that quitline coaches were trained to provide the intervention with acceptable adherence, the potential to extend this intervention for wide-scale implementation and impact is promising.
Evolution of Internal Stresses in Composites during Creep

The redistribution of internal stresses in a composite with linear viscoelastic constituents was calculated when the composite is subjected to a constant stress at a temperature where the phases would exhibit time-dependent deformation. It was found for the case of an elastic fiber embedded in a matrix that behaves as a Burgers material under distortion and elastically under dilation, that the normal interfacial stress and the axial stress in the matrix undergo complete relaxation at long times. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the behavior of ceramic matrix composites.
Abstract 1928: Resistance of human melanoma to MART-1/HLA A2.1 specific CTL (F5 CTL)-killing: poor recognition, low MART-1 expression and reversal of resistance

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using ex vivo engineered autologous lymphocytes encoding high affinity TCRα/β genes specific for MART-1 + /HLA-A2.1 + (F5 CTL) kill human melanoma lines in vitro in an MHC-I restricted and caspase-dependent manner and mediate modest clinical responses. Development of antigen-loss tumor variants is one mechanism of immune escape. The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanism of resistance to CTL-killing due to loss of recognition and reversal of resistance by pharmacological inhibitors. We hypothesized that the development of Ag-loss variants is due to degradation or epigenetic modifications of MART-1. Also, we hypothesized that aberrant apoptotic cell signaling contribute to immune resistance. To test the hypotheses, we generated F5 CTL-resistant clones (R) from sensitive parental (P) lines by growing the cells under F5 CTL selective pressure followed by limiting dilution. Detailed analysis revealed that compared to P cells, M244R clone exhibit significantly higher resistance to F5 CTL killing, proliferate at a higher rate, and are unable to trigger IFNγ release by F5 CTLs suggesting diminished MART-1 expression (loss of MART-1 was confirmed by gene analysis, surface HLA-A2.1 was unaltered). F5 CTLs recognized and interacted with MART-1 pulsed M244R clone (IFNγ secretion and conjugate formation), yet, the cells still remained resistant to F5 CTL killing. We observed deregulation and constitutive hyper-activation of the components of the NF-κB pathway leading to over-expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and Bcl- xL in M244R clones. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib efficiently blocked NF-κB activity, reduced the expression of resistant factors, restored recognition and sensitized the M244R clones to F5 CTL-induced killing. These novel results suggest that bortezomib, not only interferes with the deregulated signaling pathway but also restores recognition of low MART-1 expressing, poorly recognized immune resistant variants by F5 CTLs, thus, reverses the acquired resistance. These results also imply that immune resistance can not be solely explained by the development of MHC-/antigen-loss variants and is partly due to perturbed cell survival signaling pathways of the tumor cells. Targeted therapy with specific pharmacological inhibitors in conjunction with F5 CTL can override F5 CTL-resistance, which can improve clinical response. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1928.
The Year’s Best: Interpersonal Elements of Bisexual Women’s Most Satisfying Sexual Experiences in the Past Year

Sexual satisfaction is commonly defined and discussed in physiological terms of arousal and orgasm. Yet this narrow discourse does not accommodate the complex, multidimensional, and interpersonal aspects of sexual experience. To broaden and deepen our understanding of sexual satisfaction, we employed McClelland’s (2014) holistic four-factor framework of sexual satisfaction in a theoretical thematic analysis of 39 behaviorally bisexual women’s descriptions of their “best” partnered sexual experiences from the past year. We found women’s accounts mapped on to four elements: emotional attunement, emotional gratification, partner gratification, and sensory gratification. Relational and emotional dynamics, including emotional security, quality of interpersonal interaction during and after a sexual encounter, mutuality, intimacy, partner skill, novelty, and communication, were key to participants’ best sex experiences. Our findings support a multifaceted model of women’s sexual satisfaction that accounts for em...
Coding choices affect the analyses of a false belief measure

Abstract The unexpected contents task is a ubiquitous measure of false belief. Not only has this measure been used to study children’s developing knowledge of belief, it has impacted the study of atypical development, education, and many other facets of cognitive development. Based on a review of articles using this task, we show that there is no consensus regarding how to score this measure. Further, examining both a logit analysis of performance on this measure and performance of a large sample of preschoolers, we show that which coding scheme researchers used to analyze raw data from this measure has a reliable effect on results, particularly when smaller sample sizes are used. Integrating our results, we conclude that the most frequently used coding scheme is flawed. We recommend best practices for scoring the unexpected contents task, and that researchers examine how they analyze data from this measure to ensure the robustness of their effects.
Internationalization of Higher Education in China

This chapter reviews two joint-venture universities in China: University of Nottingham Ningbo and Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University. Both universities are the product and offspring of British and Chinese institutions. They are the pioneers of internationalization of higher education in China and provide a benchmark and standard for the continued reform in China’s higher education. In recent years, China has accelerated its efforts to globalize higher education through joint ventures with other countries’ universities.
Myeloid Gene Activation and T Cell/Natural Killer Cell Gene Repression in Cells Expressing Two Distinct PU.1 Concentrations.

The Ets transcription factor PU.1 (encoded by the gene Sfpi1 ) functions in a concentration-dependent manner as a hematopoietic cell fate determinant. PU.1 levels are uniform in early hematopoiesis, increase during myeloid differentiation, and decrease after erythrocyte and T cell/natural killer cell commitment. It is unknown how downstream target genes respond to changes in PU.1 concentration. To address this, we generated mice with two distinct hypomorphic alleles of Sfpi1 and analyzed interleukin-3 dependent cell lines from fetal liver cells homozygous for either allele. PU.1 was produced in these cells at ∼20% ( Sfpi1 BN/BN ) or ∼2% ( Sfpi1 Blac/Blac ) of wild type. These cells fail to terminally differentiate as a consequence of low PU.1 expression and can be maintained as cell lines. To determine what groups of genes are expressed in response to two distinct PU.1 concentrations, we performed whole-genome microarray analysis and compared gene expression in Sfpi1 BN/BN and Sfpi1 Blac/Blac cell lines to Sfpi1 −/− cell lines. Groups of downstream target genes were activated or repressed in four modes in response to the two discrete concentrations of PU.1: at higher but not lower PU.1 concentration, at lower but not higher PU.1 concentration, at both lower and higher concentration, and in a gradient fashion. We decided to focus on genes regulated in a gradient manner, because dose-dependency suggests that these may be direct targets of PU.1. Genes activated in a gradient manner were mostly myeloid-specific and enriched for target genes of PU.1. Genes repressed in a gradient manner included erythroid-specific genes and, unexpectedly, T cell and natural killer cell-specific genes. T cell genes were also repressed by PU.1 in cultured progenitor-B cells. With this unique allelic system, we can study three discrete concentrations of PU.1 at 20%, 2%, and 0% to examine concentration-dependent effects of PU.1 on target genes and lineage decisions. Overall, our results suggest that PU.1 functions in a concentration-dependent manner to promote myeloid differentiation and repress T cell or natural killer cell development.
Phase II Study of Dasatinib in Previously Treated Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

ABSTRACTThe Src pathway in activated in about one-third of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. Dasatinib has Src-inhibitor activity. We examined the activity of dasatinib in 37 patients with advanced, previously treated NSCLC. Among the 29 patients who underwent pre-treatment biopsy for RNA biomarker analysis, 25 were treated with dasatinib 70 mg twice daily. There were no responses. Five patients discontinued treatment due to toxicity. Three patients had minor biopsy-related pneumothoraces. Given the lack of responses, no biomarkers were analyzed. Dasatinib 70 mg twice daily does not have activity nor is it well tolerated in unselected patients with advanced stage, previously treated NSCLC.
Chinese Lacquer Cup from the “Golden Man” Tomb at Bugry, Northern Altai

In 2013, the South Siberian Archaeological Expedition headed by K.V. Chugunov excavated tomb 3 of mound 1 at the Bugry burial ground in the Altai. On the fl oor of the burial chamber, numerous fragments of a Chinese lacquer cup of the er bei type were found. Exact parallels to its decoration are known among the artifacts from tombs in the central Hubei Province, dating to the Qin–early Western Han Dynasty based on epigraphic data and suggesting that tomb 3 dates to the late 3rd century BC. Similarly decorated artifacts were found in other tombs in the Altai. The physicochemical analysis of the lacquer layers makes it possible to identify their compounds and to reconstruct the technique of the manufacture of er bei cups.
Small-Town America's Despair: Infected Substance Users Needing Outpatient Parenteral Therapy and Risk Stratification.

Background An active intravenous substance use disorder is often the primary cause of infectious diseases in this population of users and creates a barrier to successful parenteral antimicrobial management. The dilemma is compounded by dramatically limited resources in small US towns. Methods This retrospective review from January 2014 through July 2016 aimed to develop a risk stratification approach to aid rural healthcare providers in determining who among patients with addictive disorders could safely be discharged for outpatient antimicrobial therapy with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Results The high-risk group had a greater likelihood of noncompliance with antimicrobial therapy completion, as well as subsequent illicit drug use during that time frame, compared with the moderate- and low-risk groups. The low-risk group and most of the moderate-risk group could be safely discharged into the community with PICC lines. Conclusions Key in the risk stratification proposal was identifying risk behaviors and determining their degree. Such information provides pivotal delineators in developing risk stratification criteria.
Heterozygous deletion of AKT1 rescues cardiac contractility, but not hypertrophy, in a mouse model of Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines

Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines (NSML) is associated with congenital heart disease in form of pulmonary valve stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Genetically, NSML is primarily caused by mutations in the non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. Importantly, certain SHP2 mutations such as Q510E can cause a particularly severe form of HCM with heart failure in infancy. Due to lack of insight into the underlying pathomechanisms, an effective custom-tailored therapy to prevent heart failure in these patients has not yet been found. SHP2 regulates numerous signaling cascades governing cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Experimental models have shown that NSML mutations in SHP2 cause dysregulation of downstream signaling, in particular involving the protein kinase AKT. AKT, and especially the isoform AKT1, has been shown to be a major regulator of cardiac hypertrophy. We therefore hypothesized that hyperactivation of AKT1 is required for the development of Q510E-SHP2-induced HCM. We previously generated a transgenic mouse model of NSML-associated HCM induced by Q510E-SHP2 expression in cardiomyocytes starting before birth. Mice display neonatal-onset HCM with initially preserved contractile function followed by functional decline around 2months of age. As a proof-of-principle study, our current goal was to establish to which extent a genetic reduction in AKT1 rescues the Q510E-SHP2-induced cardiac phenotype in vivo. AKT1 deletion mice were crossed with Q510E-SHP2 transgenic mice and the resulting compound mutant offspring analyzed. Homozygous deletion of AKT1 greatly reduced viability in our NSML mouse model, whereas heterozygous deletion of AKT1 in combination with Q510E-SHP2 expression was well tolerated. Despite normalization of pro-hypertrophic signaling downstream of AKT, heterozygous deletion of AKT1 did not ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy induced by Q510E-SHP2. However, the functional decline caused by Q510E-SHP2 expression was effectively prevented by reducing AKT1 protein. This demonstrates that AKT1 plays an important role in the underlying pathomechanism. Furthermore, the functional rescue was associated with an increase in the capillary-to-cardiomyocyte ratio and normalization of capillary density per tissue area in the compound mutant offspring. We therefore speculate that limited oxygen supply to the hypertrophied cardiomyocytes may contribute to the functional decline observed in our mouse model of NSML-associated HCM.
Initial Coin Offerings: The Top 25 Jurisdictions and Their Comparative Regulatory Responses

This article provides an overview of the evolving ICO market. It evaluates hand-selected data for the top 25 ICO jurisdictions by market capitalization. The author codes the regulatory responses of the top 25 ICO jurisdictions and provides a comparative analysis of their respective regulatory actions.
Samba schools as an inspiration for technologies for children under the age of five

Abstract Seymour Papert’s vision of constructionism called for children to be active, empowered, creative learners, building public entities linked to their strong interests in order to connect with powerful ideas. The increasing ubiquity of technology use by children under five, and its information access bias call for more widely-available, constructionist-inspired technologies and learning ecologies for this age group. Our approach in designing technologies to reach this goal has been to support children creating, connecting, and communicating, following Papert’s example of Rio de Janeiro’s escolas de samba (samba schools) as learning communities to emulate. In addition, we think of the design process itself as a constructionist learning process, one where we form our own escolas de samba to create, connect, and communicate together in a Carnival of ideas.
Effects of Accurate and Inaccurate Visual Feedback On the Tuning Accuracy of High School and College Trombonists

We examined how visual feedback from electronic tuners affected trombonists’ pitch performance and tuning confidence. High school (n = 29) and college trombonists (n = 30) were tasked to play in tu...
SPACE IN MOLECULAR REPRESENTATION; OR HOW PICTURES REPRESENT OBJECTS

One of the earliest systems of representation in chemistry to show spatial relations within molecules was Dalton’s system of molecular diagrams. In this system, collections of circles were used to represent molecules. The circles, themselves, represented atoms and, when there was more than one atom in a molecule, the positions of the circles relative to the other circles showed the spatial relations Dalton though might obtain between the atoms, or the geometry of the molecule. The touching of the circumferences of the circles in these diagrams represented the affinities between the atoms. Dalton’s diagrams were revolutionary in his time because of the direct spatial correspondence between the relative positions of the circles on the page and the relative positions of the atoms in the molecule represented. In this chapter, the section on Dalton’s Diagrams explains Dalton’s system and shows how this kind of representation differs from others, such as Berzelian chemical formulas. The atom positions in a molecule represented in Dalton’s system are all co-planar and, therefore, an account of how his molecular diagrams represent spatial relations by sharing geometries with the molecules represented is an account of the representation of two-dimensional objects (or a two-dimensional aspect of three-dimensional objects). By geometry what is meant in this chapter is the relative positions of points and not the absolute distances between them—the distances between the circles actually differ from the distances between the atoms by a staggering amount, a factor of about 10 8 . The section Representing the Third Dimension explains how the account can be extended to the representation of three-dimensional objects because, although the geometry of a three-dimensional object cannot be shared in its entirety with a planar representation, a component of it, its geometry in two dimensions, can still be shared. A further component, I show, can be represented in the same way it is on the retina of the eye in perception. My analysis of the way objects are represented by showing their geometries, then, raises the question of whether this property—sharing a geometry— is what makes a representation of an object a picture of it. In the Pictorial Signs section, an account of pictorial representation is suggested. In this account, when a representation of an object shares a geometry in two dimensions with the object, the
Why perspective is difficult: how two algorithms fail

Attempting to derive image algorithms solely under orthographic projection is deceptively easy. However, orthographic algorithms often fail when applied to the perspective case. More critically, since many things simplify under orthography, such algorithms often give no evidence for their proper extension. This paper gives two such examples, showing both the problems that arise for them under perspective, and the suprising extensions that they require.
A Fast and Accurate Model for Microwave Radiance Calculations

A fast and accurate radiative transfer model was developed primarily for microwave remote sensing and radiance data assimilation applications. Radiances at any direction were expressed by formal solution while the scattering source term was determined by a 4-stream discrete ordinate solution using Henyey-Greenstein scattering phase function. The accuracy of this model is analyzed by comparing it to a polarized 32-stream discrete ordinate model with Mie scattering phase function, and an unpolarized 32-stream discrete ordinate model with Henyey-Greenstein scattering phase function. It shows that this model is fast and accurate enough for practical use in microwave remote sending and data assimilation, the error being less than 3 K comparing to the accurate polarized 32-stream model. It is also compared with a 2-stream Eddington model. The results show that it is more accurate than the Eddington model, especially for ice cloud conditions.
Conjugate Gradient Algorithms

A first form of the conjugate gradient routine was given in Section 6, Chapter II. It was redeveloped in Section 3, Chapter III, as a CGS-method. In the present chapter we shall study the CG-algorithm in depth, giving several alternative versions of the CG-routine. It is shown that the number of steps required to obtain the minimum point of a quadratic function F is bounded by the number of distinct eigenvalues of the Hessian A of F. Good estimates of the minimum point are obtained early when the eigenvalues of A are clustered. If the Hessian A of F is nonnegative but not positive definite, a Cg-algorithm will yield the minimum point of F when minimum points of F exist. If A is indefinite and nonsingular, the function F has a unique saddle point. It can be found by a CG-routine except in special circumstances. However, a modified Cg-routine, called a planar Cg-algorithm, yields the critical point of F in all cases. In this modified routine-we obtain critical points of F successively on mutually conjugate lines and 2-planes, whereas, in the standard Cg-algorithm, we restrict ourselves to successively locating critical points of F on mutually conjugate lines. A generalized Cg-algorithm is given in Section 9 involving a generalized gradient HF′ of F. Such algorithms are useful when the Hessian A of F is sparse. They also enable us to minimize F on a prescribed N-plane. It is shown, in Section 11, that, in general, a conjugate direction algorithm is equivalent to a generalized Cg-algorithm in the sense that they generate the same estimates of the minimum point of F.
Safety of use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor during concurrent chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer.

e20570Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) comprises approximately 15% of all lung cancers with 5 year mortality > 90%. Early initiation of chemotherapy with radiotherapy is the current standa...
Anyone Can Trisect an Angle.

IN THE study of the strophoid, the fo lium of Descartes, and the witch of Agnesi that appear in every classical analytic geometry course, two questions often asked are why such curves evolved and how they were obtained. When one visualizes the mathematicians of the Middle Ages at work, one might see Merlin stirring a pot and periodically pulling out witches and folia, and although these might be inter esting to a few people, they will surely re main isolated, cold, and useless problems to others. And so I thought, until I brought to life two such curves, the trisectrix and the cissoid, for my class. Once your students are aware that it is impossible to trisect a general angle by us ing an unmarked straightedge and a collap sible compass, they will be interested to know that they can create a curve whose graph accomplishes exactly that. The trisectrix is the locus of points result ing from the intersection of two lines whose angles of inclination (the counterclockwise angle formed by a line and the positive x axis) are in a ratio of 3 :1. In figure 1, lines lx and l2 are sketched in a particular manner, and they have equations (1) y = tan a and (2) y = ( 2a) tan 3a,
Photobiomodulation as an Inflammatory Therapeutic Following Dental Prophylaxis in Canines.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if a single photobiomodulation treatment can reduce oral erythema and edema following routine dental prophylaxis in canines. Background: P...
Local response prediction in model-based CT material decomposition

Spectral CT is an emerging modality that permits material decomposition and density estimation through the use of energy-dependent information in measurements. Direct model-based material decomposition algorithms have been developed that incorporate statistical models and advanced regularization schemes to improve density estimates and lower exposure requirements. However, understanding and control of the relationship between regularization and image properties is complex with interactions between spectral channels and material bases. In particular, regularization in one material basis can affect the image properties of other material bases, and vice versa. In this work, we derived a closed-form set of local impulse responses for the solutions to a general, regularized, model-based material decomposition (MBMD) objective. These predictors quantify both the spatial resolution in each material image as well as the influence of regularization of one material basis on other material images. This information can be used prospectively to tune regularization parameters for specific imaging goals.
Facial Pain and Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Secondary to Acromegaly: Treatment with Manual Therapy, Neuromuscular Re-education - A Case Report.

Background and purpose Acromegaly is a disorder typically caused by a benign pituitary adenoma resulting in hypersecretion of growth hormone. Common sequelae, including musculoskeletal changes and arthropathies can result in facial pain and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) that persist beyond primary treatment. Due to the unique etiology of facial pain and TMD in cases of acromegaly, the generalizability of established physical therapy (PT) literature for treatment of TMD cannot be assumed. The purpose of this case report was to illustrate an example of multimodal PT as a treatment strategy for facial pain and TMD secondary to acromegaly following treatment for benign pituitary macroadenoma. Case description 48-year-old male patient with history significant for benign pituitary macroadenoma, presented with facial pain and TMD secondary to acromegaly. Patient-reported outcomes of pain, function, and quality of life were assessed utilizing the Gothenburg Trismus Questionnaire (GTQ) at baseline, eighth PT visit, and eight weeks following course of PT. Quantity and quality of jaw mobility were assessed at baseline and post-intervention using standard goniometric measurements and observation. A total of nine PT sessions were delivered over three months consisting of manual therapy, relaxation techniques, neuromuscular re-education, and therapeutic exercise. Outcomes After eight PT visits, patient's GTQ score improved from 81% to 67.6%, with a corresponding decrease in pain and improved symmetry of jaw mobility. Eight weeks following last PT visit, patient's GTQ score further decreased from 67.6% to 61.3%. Discussion Conservative management through multimodal PT may be effective in managing facial pain and TMD secondary to acromegaly following treatment for benign pituitary macroadenoma.