cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid detection method of enzyme substrate technique in drinking water in Sichuan 5.12 earthquake-stricken area

Objective:Health monitoring in drinking water in Sichuan 5.12 earthquake-stricken area had been carried out.The rapid detection methods in micro-organisms were needed for time and labor limitations.Methods:Use enzyme substrate technique to detect total coliforms,thermotolerant coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in drinking water.Results: There were more than 2000 samples have been detected.And in which,350 samples from municipal water supply with a pass rate of about 94%,and 1650 samples from township water supply with a pass rate of about 90%.Enzyme substrate technique is a rapid detection method for it can make results within 24 hours and can detect two items at the same time.Conclusion:The enzyme substrate technique can obviously save time and labor.It has been successfully applied in detecting drinking water in Sichuan 5.12 earthquake-stricken area.
On the Distribution of Liquor in Sichuan and the Way of Cultural Transmission from Zhuzhici Poems

The academic study of Sichuan liquor mainly focuses on the following three aspects:first,textual research on the origin of Sichuan liquor,second,related statements regarding its development and evolution,third,and individual study on the typical local liquor.However,concerning the distribution of Sichuan and Chongqing liquor,there is little research.Based on the relevant historical record in Zhuzhici poems,this paper thinks as early as in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the liquor was widely circulated and widespread in Sichuan.With Jincheng at the center,liquor spread to the west Pixian County,Lushan and Yanyuan,to east Chongqing Liangping,Dianjiang,to the most northern Mianzhou and Guanghan Counties,and to most southern Xichang,forming a ring of liquor circle.Its mode of cultural transmission was mainly two:first,by buying and selling practices and the second,through the poems of poets to spread the liquor emotion.
Student Misconceptions and Vocabulary Mix-ups: Speech Science at the Nexus

Purpose The immediate purpose of this article is to describe how the meaning of terms used in the speech science classroom may conflict with different terminology used in ordinary conversation and ...
Exploring Knowledge Learning in Collaborative Information Seeking Process.

Knowledge learning is recognized as an important component in people's search process. Existing studies on this topic usually measure the knowledge growth before and after a search. However, there still lacks a fine-grained understanding of users' knowledge change patterns within a search process and users' adoption of different sources for learning. In this on-going project, we are exploring answers to both questions in collaborative information seeking (CIS) since the CIS tasks are usually exploratory, which triggers learning, and involve diverse learning resources such as self-explored search content, partners' search content and explicit communication between them. Through analyzing the data from a controlled laboratory user study with both collaborative and individual information seeking conditions, we demonstrated that users' knowledge keeps growing in both conditions, but they issue significantly more diverse queries in the collaborative condition. Our analysis of users' queries also revealed that the adoption of different learning resources varies at different information seeking stages, and the adoption is influenced by the nature of search tasks too. Finally, we propose several insights for system design to enhance knowledge learning in collaborative information seeking process.
Mild hypothermia preserves myocardial conduction during ischemia by maintaining gap junction intracellular communication and Na+ channel function.

Therapeutic hypothermia is now a class I recommendation for resuscitation from cardiac arrest. This study determined that hypothermia preserves gap junction coupling as well as Na+ channel function...
Estimating the proportion of disease heritability mediated by gene expression levels

Disease risk variants identified by GWAS are predominantly noncoding, suggesting that gene regulation plays an important role. eQTL studies in unaffected individuals are often used to link disease-associated variants with the genes they regulate, relying on the hypothesis that noncoding regulatory effects are mediated by steady-state expression levels. To test this hypothesis, we developed a method to estimate the proportion of disease heritability mediated by the cis-genetic component of assayed gene expression levels. The method, gene expression co-score regression (GECS regression), relies on the idea that, for a gene whose expression level affects a phenotype, SNPs with similar effects on the expression of that gene will have similar phenotypic effects. In order to distinguish directional effects mediated by gene expression from non-directional pleiotropic or tagging effects, GECS regression operates on pairs of cis SNPs in linkage equilibrium, regressing pairwise products of disease effect sizes on products of cis-eQTL effect sizes. We verified that GECS regression produces robust estimates of mediated effects in simulations. We applied the method to eQTL data in 44 tissues from the GTEx consortium (average N eQTL = 158 samples) in conjunction with GWAS summary statistics for 30 diseases and complex traits (average N GWAS = 88 K ) with low pairwise genetic correlation, estimating the proportion of SNP-heritability mediated by the cis-genetic component of assayed gene expression in the union of the 44 tissues. The mean estimate was 0.21 (s.e. = 0.01) across 30 traits, with a significantly positive estimate ( p
Improving Students' Learning and Achievement in CS Classrooms through Computational Creativity Exercises that Integrate Computational and Creative Thinking

Our research is based on an innovative approach that integrates computational thinking and creative thinking in computer science courses to improve student learning and performance. Referencing Epstein's Generativity Theory, we designed and deployed Computational Creativity Exercises (CCEs) with linkages to concepts in computer science and computational thinking. Prior studies with earlier versions of the CCEs in CS1 courses found that completing more CCEs led to higher grades and increased learning of computational thinking principles. In this study, we extended the examination of CCEs to by deploying revised CCEs across two lower division (freshmen, sophomore) and three upper division (junior, senior) CS courses. We found a linear "dosage effect" of increasingly higher grades and computational thinking/CS knowledge test scores with completion of each additional CCE. This dosage effect was consistent across lower and upper division courses. Findings supported our contention that the merger of computational and creative thinking can be realized in computational creativity exercises that can be implemented and lead to increased student learning across courses from freshmen to senior level. The effect of the CCEs on learning was independent of student general academic achievement and individual student motivation. If students do the CCEs, they appear to benefit, whether or not they are self-aware of the benefit or personally motivated to do them. Issues in implementation are discussed.
A Qualitative Study of What US Parents Say and Do When Their Young Children See Pornography

Abstract Objective There is no empirical information about how parents react when they discover that their young children have seen pornography. To address this gap in the literature, the current study sought to improve our understanding of parental reactions to discovering that their children ages Methods A convenience sample of participants (N = 279) was recruited from the online survey service Mechanical Turk. Eligible participants completed an online survey comprising close-ended and open-ended questions about their reactions when their young children saw pornography. Qualitative data were analyzed using a content analysis approach. Results Parents had 5 main reactions when realizing that their children had viewed pornography: 1) angry, shaming, or punitive; 2) calm and factual; 3) ignoring, minimizing, or denying that it happened; 4) panic or fear; and 5) lying to the child about what the child viewed. Most parents reacted calmly, while a small percentage reported that they hit, scolded, or shamed their young children for seeing the pornography. Many reported not knowing what to say or do. Conclusions Development and evaluation of parental scripts for developmentally appropriate parent–child (or pediatrician–child) communication about pornography could benefit the field.
Gender differences in experiences of social support among men and women releasing from prison

Objectives:Positive social support is critically important to postprison well-being outcomes. However, researchers and program developers are still trying to understand how to best promote stable a...
Reaction of amorphous/crystalline SiOC/Fe interfaces by thermal annealing

Abstract The development of revolutionary new alloys and composites is crucial to meeting materials requirements for next generation nuclear reactors. The newly developed amorphous silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) and crystalline Fe composite system has shown radiation tolerance over a wide range of temperatures. To advance understanding of this new composite, we investigate the structure and thermal stability of the interface between amorphous SiOC and crystalline Fe by combining various experimental techniques and simulation methods. We show that the SiOC/Fe interface is thermally stable up to at least 400 °C. When the annealing temperature reaches 600 °C, an intermixed region forms at this interface. This region appears to be a crystalline phase that forms an incoherent interface with the Fe layer. Density functional theory (DFT) Molecular dynamics (MD) is performed on the homogeneous SiFeOC phase to study the early stages of formation of the intermixed layer. Both experimental and simulation results suggest this phase has the fayalite crystal structure. The physical processes involved in the formation of the intermixed region are discussed.
Luminescence of Bi3+ in the orthorhombic perovskites, SrB4+O3 (B4+=Zr, Sn)

Abstract This paper examines the optical properties of Bi3+ in the orthorhombic perovskites SrB4+O3 [B4+=Sn, Zr]. The luminescence of SrZrO3 is associated with emission from the D-state that corresponds with the Bi3+ (6s2) -Zr4+ (4d0) charge transfer transition. The emission spectrum as a function of temperature was monitored for SrSnO3:Bi3+. At low temperatures, the localized 3P0,1 → 1S0 transition dominates the emission spectrum. With increasing temperature, the localized emission quenches in favor of emission from the D-state. A comparative study of the Bi3+ luminescence in the orthorhombic perovskites CaZrO3, CaSnO3, SrZrO3 and SrSnO3 shows that D-state emission occurs when the fundamental absorption band of the perovskite host lattice is less than about 6 eV.
Macro-architectured cellular materials: Properties, characteristic modes, and prediction methods

Macro-architectured cellular (MAC) material is defined as a class of engineered materials having configurable cells of relatively large (i.e., visible) size that can be architecturally designed to achieve various desired material properties. Two types of novel MAC materials, negative Poisson’s ratio material and biomimetic tendon reinforced material, were introduced in this study. To estimate the effective material properties for structural analyses and to optimally design such materials, a set of suitable homogenization methods was developed that provided an effective means for the multiscale modeling of MAC materials. First, a strain-based homogenization method was developed using an approach that separated the strain field into a homogenized strain field and a strain variation field in the local cellular domain superposed on the homogenized strain field. The principle of virtual displacements for the relationship between the strain variation field and the homogenized strain field was then used to condense the strain variation field onto the homogenized strain field. The new method was then extended to a stress-based homogenization process based on the principle of virtual forces and further applied to address the discrete systems represented by the beam or frame structures of the aforementioned MAC materials. The characteristic modes and the stress recovery process used to predict the stress distribution inside the cellular domain and thus determine the material strengths and failures at the local level are also discussed.
Swallow-induced esophageal shortening in patients without hiatal hernia is associated with gastroesophageal reflux.

Longitudinal esophageal body shortening with swallow-induced peristalsis has been reported in healthy individuals. Esophageal shortening is immediately followed by esophageal re-elongation, and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) returns to the baseline position. High-resolution manometry (HRM) allows for objective assessment of extent of shortening and duration of shortening. In patients without hiatal hernia at rest, swallow-induced esophageal shortening can lead to transient hiatal hernia (tHH) which at times may persist after the completion of swallow. This manometric finding has not been investigated in the literature, but a question arises whether this swallow-induced transient herniation can effect on the likelihood of gastroesophageal reflux. This study aims to assess the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and the subtypes of swallow-induced esophageal shortening, i.e. tHH and non-tHH, in patients without hiatal hernia at rest. After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, we queried a prospectively maintained database to identify patients who underwent HRM evaluation and 24-hour pH study between January to December 2015. Patients with type-I esophagogastric junction (EGJ) morphology (i.e. no hiatal hernia) according to the Chicago classification v3.0 were included. The patterns of the esophageal shortening with swallows were divided into two subtypes, i.e. tHH and non-tHH. tHH was defined as an EGJ double high-pressure zones (≥1 cm) at the second inspiration after the termination of swallow-induced esophageal body contraction. The number of episodes of tHH was counted per 10 swallows and tHH size was measured for each patient. In total, 41 patients with EGJ morphology Type-I met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 47.2 years, 35 patients (85.4%) were women, and the mean body mass index was 33.9 kg/m2. The mean number of tHH episodes was 3 out of 10 swallows; mean maximal tHH size was 1.3 cm. Patients who had tHH in ≥3 out of 10 swallows (n = 16; 39.0%) were more likely to have abnormal DeMeester scores than patients with <3 swallows (56% vs. 28%; P = 0.070). Patients with maximal tHH ≥2 cm in at least 1 swallow (n = 17; 41.5%) were more likely to experience pathological reflux than patients with maximal tHH <2 cm (59% vs. 25%; P = 0.029). In conclusion, we showed that, in a subset of patients with Type-I EGJ morphology, swallowing induced transient EGJ double high-pressure zones (≥1 cm) after peristalsis. We have named this new manometric finding the swallow-induced tHH. A high prevalence of pathological reflux disease was observed in patients with maximal tHH ≥2 cm. The degree of swallow-induced tHH could be an early indicator of lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction in patients without manometric hiatal hernia.
Condensed Matter Science With Far Infra Red Free Electron Lasers

The Free Electron Laser (FEL) offers the opportunity to study nonlinear and nonequilibrium phenomena with a coherent, high power, broadly tunable source of radiation. Following a discussion of the different kinds of FELs presently available for scientific applications, a review will be given of the experiments that have been performed and are being contemplated using the FIR FEL at the University of California at Santa Barbara.
Iterative Learning Control For Periodic Disturbances in Twin-Roll Strip Casting with Measurement Delay

We consider the problem of periodic disturbances in the thickness profile of a strip produced using the twin-roll casting process. In twin-roll casting, a strip is produced by pouring molten metal on the surface of two casting rolls that simultaneously cool and compress the strip as they rotate. This rotational motion can produce periodic disturbances in the thickness profile due to angular variations in the shape and thermodynamic characteristics of the rolls. Compensating for these disturbances is further complicated by the fact that there exist large measurement delays between the initial casting and the thickness profile measurement. This paper explores the use of an iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm to reduce the influence of these disturbances on a per-revolution basis. Further consideration is given to managing the measurement delay within the ILC framework. Simulation results show that the proposed controller is able to minimize the effect of the periodic disturbance on the strip thickness profile.
Effects of mix design variables on flexibility index of asphalt concrete mixtures

The semicircular bending (SCB) test has been commonly used to evaluate the fatigue resistance performance of asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures. In this study, flexible index (FI) was obtained based on...
Nine contemporary therapeutic directions in heart failure

The global burden of heart failure has continued to increase dramatically with 26 million people affected and an estimated health expenditure of $31 billion worldwide. Several practice-influencing studies were reported recently, bringing advances along many frontiers in heart failure, particularly heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. In this article, we discuss nine distinct therapeutic areas that were significantly influenced by this scientific progress. These distinct areas include the emergence of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, broadening the application of angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition, clinical considerations in therapy withdrawal in those patients with heart failure that 'recover' myocardial function, benefits of low-dose direct oral anticoagulants in sinus rhythm, targeted therapy for treating cardiac amyloidosis, usefulness of mitral valve repair in heart failure, the advent of newer left ventricular assist devices for advanced heart failure, the role of ablation in atrial fibrillation in heart failure, and finally the use of wearable defibrillators to address sudden death.
Alcohol, cytokines and immunodeficiency.

Ethanol has a multiplicity of actions in the body affecting a variety of organs. In this brief review we will concentrate on some of the effects of ethanol in the liver. Ethanol is a well-known hepatotoxic agent and it also increases susceptibility to microbial infections. The liver is in a strategic position to be affected by ethanol intake, both because it is a major site of alcohol metabolism and also because it is the first major organ that encounters the absorbed alcohol via the portal vein.
The potential use of self-incompatibility for breeding F1 hybrids of naturally self-pollinated vegetable crops

The available evidence indicates that F1 hybrid varieties of most naturally self-fertilized crops have potentially great economic value. The main deterrent to their wider use is the present high cost of seed production. This can be greatly reduced by breeding into these crops systems for controlled cross-fertilization. In those crops whose flowers lack nectaries (e.g. tomatoes and lettuce), self-incompatibility appears to offer a more efficient cross-fertilizing system than male sterility. Self-incompatibility systems are already available in species of tomatoes, lettuce and beans. The prospect of finding self-incompatibility in other species closely related to the remaining self-fertilized crops appears to be good. Besides introducing self-incompatibility into self-fertilized crops, the breeder also needs to introduce an efficient system of pollen transfer between plants.
Evolutionary Development: A Universal Perspective

This paper offers a general systems definition of the phrase “evolutionary development” and an introduction to its application to autopoetic (self-reproducing) complex systems, including the universe as a system. Evolutionary development, evo devo or ED, is a term that can be used by philosophers, scientists, historians, and others as a replacement for the more general term “evolution,” whenever a scholar thinks experimental, selectionist, stochastic, and contingent or “evolutionary” processes, and also convergent, statistically deterministic (probabilistically predictable), or “developmental” processes, including replication, may be simultaneously contributing to selection and adaptation in any complex system, including the universe as a system.
The Intersections of Autoinflammation and Cytokine Storm

Autoinflammation is a category of human immune dysregulation best exemplified by inborn errors in genes important for innate immunity. Though overproduction of cytokines is a mechanistic feature of most autoinflammatory diseases, only a few have been associated with the phenotype of Cytokine Storm. Rarely, the most severe presentations of some canonical autoinflammatory diseases have featured cytokine storm. Innate immune activation is also part of the pathogenesis of canonical cytokine storm disorders, like hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. More recently, biomarker, mechanistic, and early treatment studies in patients with Still’s disease, or with NLRC4 or XIAP mutations, have placed the inflammasome-activated cytokine IL-18 at the center of the intersection of autoinflammation and cytokine storm.
Smoking characteristics and alcohol use among women in treatment for alcohol use disorder.

Abstract Background Understanding the association between smoking and alcohol use among women may help inform the delivery of targeted interventions to address both of these health behaviors. Methods This study analyzed data from N = 138 women enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing female-specific individual versus group cognitive-behavior therapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD). We assessed cigarette use patterns, participants’ interest in quitting smoking and motivation to quit smoking during treatment for AUD, and examined the relationship between smoking and alcohol use before and during alcohol treatment. Results Over a third of the sample reported smoking cigarettes at baseline (N = 47, 34.1%), with the majority of smokers reporting daily cigarette use. At baseline, those who smoked reported a high interest in quitting smoking M = 7.8 out of 10 (SD = 2.7), although most believed they should quit smoking only after achieving some success in quitting drinking (50.0%). However, participants who smoked cigarettes (compared to non-smokers) reported more alcohol abuse and dependence symptoms (p = .001), lower rates of completing the alcohol treatment (p = .03), attended significantly fewer treatment sessions (p = .008), and consumed significantly more drinks per day on average both at baseline (p = .002) and during the treatment period (p = .04). Conclusions Findings suggest that women with AUD who also smoke cigarettes have greater difficulty engaging in or responding to treatment for their alcohol use. However, these participants reported high interest in quitting smoking but low perceived readiness during AUD treatment, suggesting that motivational interventions should be considered that could take advantage of the opportunity to treat women for both of these co-occurring behaviors while in treatment.
Diagnosis and management of complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) causes early-onset immune dysregulation increasing the risk of infection, second malignancies, and autoimmune complications by poorly understood mechanisms. Targeted therapy has improved therapeutic outcomes but persistent immune deficiency remains an unresolved problem. Severe infections (20/100 patient-years) cause or contribute to over 35% of CLL-related deaths. Most identified infections are bacterial (~70%) with the commonest blood isolates being , and aureus. Viral infections (~25%) are disproportionately caused by Herpes viruses and influenza. Most common infection sites are lower respiratory tract, skin, and urogenital tract. CLL patients have an increased risk (~2-fold) of second malignancies with the commonest being squamous and basal cell skin cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer. There is a significantly increased risk of additional clonal and non-clonal non-Hodgkin lymphomas and Hodgkin lymphoma. Autoimmune cytopenias affect ~10% of CLL patients causing anemia (hemolysis and red cell aplasia), thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Nonhematological autoimmune complications are rare. Management of these complications requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach including education, preventative medicine, active monitoring, and early diagnosis and treatment. Research to better understand CLL-related immune defects and determine how to reverse them is essential for improved clinical care.
Design of a new magnesium-based anterior cruciate ligament interference screw using finite element analysis.

Abstract Background/objective In anterior cruciate ligament ​reconstruction, a tendon graft, anchored by interference screws (IFSs), is frequently used as a replacement for the damaged ligament. Generally, IFSs are classified as being either metallic or polymeric. Metallic screws have sharp threads that lacerate the graft, preventing solid fixation. These constructs are difficult to image ​and can limit bone--screw integration because of the higher stiffness of the screw. Polymeric materials are often a better match to bone's material properties, but lack the strength needed to hold grafts in place. Magnesium (Mg) is a material of great promise for orthopaedic applications. Mg has mechanical properties similar to bone, ability to be seen on magnetic resonance imagings, and promotes bone healing. However, questions still remain regarding the strength of Mg-based screws. Previous ex vivo ​animal experiments found stripping of the screw drive when the full torque was applied to Mg screws during surgery, preventing full insertion and poor graft fixation. The similar design of the Mg screw led to questions regarding the relationship between material properties and design, and the ultimate impact on mechanical behaviour. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the stresses in the screw head, a key factor in the stripping mechanism of IFS, then use that information to improve screw design, for this material. Methods Using finite element analysis, a comparison study of six drive designs (hexagonal, quadrangle, torx, trigonal, trilobe, and turbine) was performed. This was followed by a parametric analysis to determine appropriate drive depth and drive width. Results It was observed that with a typical torque (2 ​Nm) used for screw insertion during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the maximum von Mises and shear stress values were concentrated in the corners or turns of the drive, which could lead to stripping if the values were greater than the yield stress of Mg (193 ​MPa). With a four-time ​increase in drive depth to be fully driven and a 30% greater drive width, these maximum stress values were significantly decreased by more than 75%. Conclusion It was concluded that improving the design of a Mg-based screw may increase surgical success rates, by decreasing device failure at insertion. The translational potential of this article The results of this work have the potential to improve designs of degradable IFSs, allowing for greater torque to be applied and thus greater screw fixation between host bone and the graft. Such a fixation will allow greater integration, better patient healing, and ultimately improved patient outcomes.
Ghetto in Flames: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in Early Postwar Jewish Literature

The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (April 19, 1943–May 16, 1943), the largest mass revolt in a major city in Nazi-occupied Europe, is the defining symbol of Jewish resistance to Nazi oppression during World War II. In the days and weeks after the uprising broke out, the news of the revolt captivated the Jewish world and was seized upon by Jews from diverse ideological backgrounds and movements as the news they had been waiting to hear for almost four years. This chapter examines the role played by literary representations of the uprising in the process of fictionalizing and mythologizing the event in early postwar Holocaust memory.
A Wideband Oscillator Exploiting Multiple Resonances in Lithium Niobate MEMS Resonator

This article presents a comprehensive guide to codesign lithium niobate (LiNbO3) lateral overtone bulk acoustic resonators (LOBARs) and voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) using discrete components on a printed circuit board (PCB). The analysis focuses on understanding the oscillator-level tradeoffs between the number of locked tones, frequency stability, tuning range, power consumption, and phase noise. Moreover, this article focuses on understanding the relationship between the abovementioned specifications and the different LOBAR parameters, such as electromechanical coupling ( ${k}_{t}^{{2}}$ ), quality factor ( ${Q}$ ), transducer design, and the resonator size. As a result of this study, the first voltage-controlled MEMS oscillator (VCMO) based on LiNbO3 LOBAR is demonstrated. Our LOBAR excites over 30 resonant modes in the range of 100–800 MHz with a frequency spacing of 20 MHz. The VCMO consists of an LOBAR in a closed loop with two amplification stages and a varactor-embedded tunable LC tank. By adjusting the bias voltage applied to the varactor, the tank can be tuned to change the closed-loop gain and phase responses of the oscillator so that the Barkhausen conditions are satisfied for a particular resonant mode. The tank is designed to allow the proposed VCMO to lock to any of the ten overtones ranging from 300 to 500 MHz. These ten tones are characterized by average ${Q}\text{s}$ of 2100, ${k}_{t}^{{2}}$ of 1.5%, figure of merit ( $\text {FOM} = {Q} {k}_{t}^{{2}}$ ) of 31.5 enabling low phase noise, and low-power oscillators crucial for Internet of Things (IoT). Due to the high ${Q}\text{s}$ of the LiNbO3 LOBAR, the measured VCMO shows a close-in phase noise of −100 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset from a 300-MHz carrier and a noise floor of −153 dBc/Hz while consuming 9 mW. With further optimization, this VCMO can lead to direct radio frequency (RF) synthesis for ultralow-power transceivers in multimode IoT nodes.
Characterization of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients via a multi-omic cancer registry.

e16617Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and has significant cancer-related mortality worldwide. Molecularly matched therapy has an emergi...
Steps Towards Best Practices For Robot Videos.

There are unwritten guidelines for how to make robot videos that researchers learn from their advisors and pass onto their students. We believe that it is important for the community to collaboratively discuss and develop a standard set of best practices when making robot. We suggest a starting set of maxims for best robot video practices, and highlight positive examples from the community and negative examples only from videos made by the authors of this article. In addition, we offer a checklist that we hope can act as an document that can be given to robotic researchers to inform them of how to make robot videos that truthfully characterize what a robot can and can not do. We consider this a first draft, and are looking for feedback from the community as we refine and grow our maxims and checklist.
Sympathetic function and markers of inflammation in well-controlled HIV

Abstract Purpose HIV-associated autonomic neuropathy (HIV-AN) is common and may be associated with both sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) dysfunction occurs on a continuum of hyper-to hypo-adrenergic function, and may be a mediator between psychological stress and chronic inflammation. We sought to describe patterns of SNS dysfunction in people living with HIV, and to determine whether SNS dysfunction is associated with markers of systemic inflammation (focusing on IL-6 and TNF-α) and pain and anxiety. Methods Forty-seven people with well-controlled HIV and without confounding medical conditions or medications completed the Medical Outcomes Survey (MOS-HIV), quantification of a panel of 41 plasma cytokines/chemokines, and a standardized, non-invasive autonomic reflex screen (ARS). Adrenergic baroreflex sensitivity (BRSA) was calculated from the ARS as a measure of SNS function. Results Pain (46%) and anxiety (52%) were commonly reported on the MOS-HIV. BRSA was reduced in 30% of participants and elevated in 9% with the latter occurring only in participants with normal to mild HIV-AN. BRSA was significantly associated with IL-6, but not with TNF-α, pain or anxiety. Exploratory analyses also revealed positive associations of BRSA with numerous other cytokines with no significant inverse associations. Conclusion Higher BRSA, indicative of a more hyperadrenergic state, can be part of the spectrum of early HIV-AN, and may be associated with elevations in multiple cytokines including IL-6. These associations do not appear to be driven by stressors such as pain or anxiety.
Optimizing helmet pad placement using computational predicted injury pattern to reduce mild traumatic brain injury

Introduction This effort, motivated and guided by prior simulated injury results of the unprotected head, is to assess and compare helmet pad configurations on the head for the effective mitigation of blast pressure transmission in the brain in multiple blast exposure environments. Materials and methods A finite element model of blast loading on the head with six different helmet pad configurations was used to generate brain model biomechanical responses. The blast pressure attenuation performance of each pad configuration was evaluated by using the calculated pressure exposure fraction in the brain model. Monte Carlo simulations generated repetitive blast cumulative exposures. Results Significant improvement of a 6-Pad Modified configuration compared to a 6-Pad Baseline configuration indicates the importance of providing protection against the side blast. Both 12-Pad configurations are very effective in mitigating pressure in the brain. Repetitive blast exposure statistics for operational exposures shows that pad configurations with a larger number of pads and smaller gaps between pads perform better than the configurations with a smaller number of pads and larger gaps between pads. Conclusions Optimizing helmet pad size and/or placement could provide an improved protection by minimizing the side blast orientation effects and mitigating high-pressure fields in the brain from repeated blast exposures.
Predictive modeling of maximum injury severity and potential economic cost in a car accident based on the General Estimates System data

In this paper, we aim to identify the significant variables that contribute to the injury severity level of the person in the car when an accident happens and build a statistical model for predicting the maximum injury severity level as well as estimating the potential economic cost in a car accident based on those variables. The General Estimates System data, which is a representative sample of police-reported motor vehicle crashes of all types collected by the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, from the years 2012 to 2013 is the main data source. Some other data sources such as the car safety rating from the United State Department of Transformation and the state-specific cost of crash deaths fact sheets are also used in the predictive model building process. An interactive system programmed in HyperText Markup Language, Cascading Style Sheets and JavaScript is developed based on the results of predictive modeling. The system is hosted on a website at http://gessmu.azurewebsites.net for public access. The system allows users to input variables that are significant contributors in car accidents and obtain the predicted maximum injury severity level and potential economic cost of a car accident.
Stratified Cox models with time-varying effects for national kidney transplant patients: A new blockwise steepest ascent method.

Analyzing the national transplant database, which contains about 300,000 kidney transplant patients treated in over 290 transplant centers, may guide the disease management and inform the policy of kidney transplantation. Cox models stratified by centers provide a convenient means to account for the clustered data structure, while studying more than 160 predictors with effects that may vary over time. As fitting a time-varying effect model with such a large sample size may defy any existing software, we propose a blockwise steepest ascent procedure by leveraging the block structure of parameters inherent from the basis expansions for each coefficient function. The algorithm iteratively updates the optimal blockwise search direction, along which the increment of the partial likelihood is maximized. The proposed method can be interpreted from the perspective of the minorization-maximization algorithm and increases the partial likelihood until convergence. We further propose a Wald statistic to test whether the effects are indeed time varying. We evaluate the utility of the proposed method via simulations. Finally, we apply the method to analyze the national kidney transplant data and detect the time-varying nature of the effects of various risk factors.
An Attachment Framework for Human-Robot Interaction

Attachment theory is a research area in psychology that has enjoyed decades of successful study, and has subsequently become explored in realms beyond that of the original infant-caregiver bonds. Now, attachment is studied in relation to pets, symbols (such as deities), objects, technologies, and notably for our purposes, robots. When we discuss attachment in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), is “attachment” to a robot the same as being attached to a pet? Or does it more closely resemble attachment to a technology device such as a smartphone? Through untangling the concept of attachment in HRI, we summarize a breadth of the existing attachment literature in a unified spectrum. We present a notion of weak attachment, and strong attachment before setting both as distinct ends of a spectrum of attachment. We motivate this spectrum by teasing out the underlying theoretical basis for strong attachment, and how capabilities of the attachment figure could lead to stronger or weaker attachment. This more nuanced, multi-dimensional representation of attachment allows us to present a clarified categorization of where various human-robot bonds explored in HRI studies fit on the spectrum, where robots in general could place, and how a clearer definition of human-robot attachment can benefit future HRI studies.
Women, family, and gender in Islamic law

1. Introduction 2. Woman as wife and man as husband: making the marital bargain 3. Woman and man as divorced: asserting rights 4. Woman and man as legal subjects: managing and testifying 5. Woman and man in gendered space: submitting.
Getting Inside the Family: How Parents' Relationship Quality Is Linked to Children's Behavior in Married and Cohabiting Families

While an extensive literature has shown that family structure is linked with child wellbeing, less well understood is how the dynamics within similar types of families affect children. Family systems theory posits that parents' couple relationship is important for promoting children's wellbeing. In this paper, we use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine how couple supportiveness in married and cohabiting families is related to trajectories of children's externalizing and internalizing behavior problems throughout early and middle childhood. Using latent growth curve and fixed effects models, we find that parents' greater supportiveness is associated with lower levels of children?s behavior problems in both married and cohabiting families. Using cross-lagged structural equation models to examine the direction of this association, we find that while children?s behavior problems have a modest effect on the subsequent quality of parents' relationships, parents' relationship quality has a greater effect on children's behavior problems over time. Overall, our study suggests that more positive couple interactions are beneficial for children residing with both of their biological parents.
Identification and Authentication

A previous chapter (Chap. 2) focused on some of the more important and general questions that archaeologists ask about the past – what our ancestors were like, how they lived, what they ate, what sort of environment they inhabited, what kinds of things did they do, their relationships with other people, religious beliefs and ceremonies, and many others. There are many ways that archaeologists try to answer those questions – many perspectives, many ideas, many methods, and many subdisciplines. Fieldwork provides the basic information in the form of artifacts and a variety of other materials that humans buried, abandoned, or lost. Specialists in archaeozoology, archaeobotany, bioarchaeology, geoarchaeology, ceramic and lithic analysis, architecture, and more work to describe and understand the materials that are recovered in excavation and other types of fieldwork.
Improving robustness and parallel scalability of Newton method through nonlinear preconditioning

Inexact Newton method with backtracking is one of the most popular techniques for solving large sparse nonlinear systems of equations. The method is easy to implement, and converges well for many practical problems. However, the method is not robust. More precisely speaking, the convergence may stagnate for no obvious reason. In this paper, we extend the recent work of Tuminaro, Walker and Shadid [2002] on detecting the stagnation of Newton method using the angle between the Newton direction and the steepest descent direction. We also study a nonlinear additive Schwarz preconditioned inexact Newton method, and show that it is numerically more robust. Our discussion will be based on parallel numerical experiments on solving some high Reynolds numbers steady-state incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in the velocity-pressure formulation.
Synaptic Transmission and Modulation in The Neostriatum

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on those mechanisms that operate in the neostriatum (caudate and putamen nuclei) and attempts to integrate this information into existing models of the function of striatal circuitry. The neostriatum is the entryway into the basal ganglia and is the site of many of the neurological defects involving functions of the basal ganglia. Thus, it is important to understand the regulation of synaptic transmission at afferent synapses innervating the neostriatum. Cortical glutamatergic and nigral dopaminergic afferent inputs impinge on neurons in the neostriatum, providing the most significant afferent inputs to this structure. The corticostriatal glutamatergic inputs produce a rapid depolarization of striatal neurons via the activation of ionotropic AMPA-type glutamate receptors. In addition, transmission is modulated by a number of presynaptic, G protein-coupled receptors, but surprisingly, relatively little evidence of postsynaptic modulation has been observed. Corticostriatal synapses also express certain forms of plasticity, most notably short- and long-term synaptic depression. It appears that long-term depression (LTD) may involve the convergent actions of glutamate and dopamine. Striatal LTD may have important roles in information storage and motor set selection in the striatum. However, some aspects of synaptic transmission in the striatum remain unclear. In particular, the physiological roles of dopaminergic nigrostriatal input and the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors are not well understood. In addition, intrastriatal synaptic connections have received relatively little attention compared to extrinsic input to the neostriatum.
Characterization of C18-bonded liquid chromatographic stationary phases by Raman spectroscopy:: the effect of temperature

This study represents the first time that both the mobile phase composition and the temperature are simultaneously controlled to examine silica-bonded octadecylsilyl (C18) ligands spectroscopically at typical liquid chromatographic (LC) mobile phase flow-rates and back-pressures. Raman spectroscopy is used to characterize the behavior of the C18 bonded ligands equilibrated at temperatures from 45 to 2 degrees C in neat, single-component, mobile phase solvents including: water, acetonitrile, methanol, and chloroform. In addition, the effect of stationary phase ligand bonding density is examined by using two different monomeric reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) stationary phases, a 2.34 and a 3.52 micromol m(-2) Microporasil C18 stationary phase, under identical conditions. The direct, on-column, spectroscopic analysis used in this study allows direct evaluation of the temperature-dependent behavior of the bonded C18 ligands. The temperature-dependent ordering of the stationary phase ligands is examined to determine if the ligands undergo a phase transition from a less-ordered "liquid-like" state at higher temperatures to a more-ordered "solid-like" state at lower temperatures. A discrete phase transition was not observed, but rather a continual ordering as temperature was lowered.
The Power of a Good Story or the Great Potential of Information Systems History or Some Lessons from a Heroic Journey

This paper is an essay about my journey as an information systems (IS) historian. In the paper, I briefly outline the past and the current situation with the environmental circumstances of history writing in the IS research field. I also highlight some lessons I have learned studying and applying the historical method over the past decade and a half. I do this in the context of a four-tiered research framework. I conclude that there continues to be a great need for written IS history and urge IS researchers to take upon themselves this important quest that will benefit future generations.
EFFECTS OF LOW INTAKES OF VITAMIN B6 UPON DIABETIC AND CONTROL RATS.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effects of low intakes of vitamin B 6 upon diabetic and control rats. It would appear that vitamin B 6 , essential fatty acids and vitamin E are biologically interrelated. Young adult female rats were kept on a stock diet for a pre-experimental period of 2 months after which half were made diabetic with alloxan. All rats were then placed on purified diets with the following variables: 2.5 or 5.0 μg of pyridoxine and 10% methyl linoleate or its equivalent as safflower oil. Diabetics receiving 2.5 pg of pyridoxine daily weighed much less than the controls throughout the 4-month experimental period despite greatly increased food intakes: those given 5.0 pg of pyridoxine showed only slight weight losses with little difference between the diabetics and the controls. The 4-pyridoxic acid excretion was higher in the diabetics than controls and higher with 5.0 μg of pyridoxine than 2.5 μg of pyridoxine and lower with safflower oil than with methyl linoleate. The tocopherols were reduced at least one-half in the diabetics and tended to be higher with the lower intake of pyridoxine and with safflower oil. A continuation of this investigation includes a study of the effects of optimal intake of pyridoxine arid suboptimal intakes of vitamin E in diabetic rats, with and without control by insulin. Nondiabetics on like regiments will serve as controls.
Pancreaticopericardial Fistula Treated Successfully With Pericardial and Pancreatic Drains

Pancreaticopericardial fistula (PPF) is a rare subset of thoracopancreatic fistulas with few reported cases in the literature. Historically, treatment of PPF has included pancreatic ductal stenting or surgery, or both, but we present a case of PPF that was successfully treated using only pericardial and pancreatic drains.