cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stable oxygen isotopic composition: Use in determining ages of Bahama escarpment deep-marine calcite spars and implications for timing of erosion

Stable oxygen isotopic compositions of deep-marine calcite spars contained in Early and middle Cretaceous, bank-interior limestones exposed erosionally on the Bahama escarpment suggest that these spars are Late Cretaceous to Miocene in age, two-thirds of the spars being middle Eocene or older in age. The Eocene and older spars are identical to pelagic and fore-reef strata unconformably overlying truncated bank-interior carbonates exposed on the Bahama escarpment. Spars contained in limestones taken from the northwest Bahama escarpment are nearly all (20 of 22 analyses) Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) to middle Eocene in age. Most (12 of 20 analyses) spars from southeast Bahama escarpment limestones are late Eocene or younger in age. Thus, isotopic data are consistent with the initiation of erosion of the Bahama escarpment in the Late Cretaceous and its continuation until the middle of the Eocene. In addition, these data suggest that erosion of the southeast Bahama escarpment continued into, or was renewed during, the late Eocene and possibly the Oligocene-Miocene. Continued, or renewed, erosion of the southeast Bahama escarpment probably reflects tectonic interaction with the Caribbean-North American plate boundary along the Puerto Rico trench, or the flow of Antarctic Bottom Water only at the base of the southeast escarpment.
Greening Local Energy: Explaining the Geographic Distribution of Household Solar Energy Use in the United States

Problem: Solar energy has potential to solve many types of planning problems. Knowing where existing household solar energy users are located and what factors explain this distribution can help craft appropriate local policies. Purpose: This study analyzes the spatial distribution of households who heat their homes with solar energy across the contiguous United States. Methods: We use geographic information systems (GIS) and zero-inflated negative binomial statistical techniques to test three sets of geographic predictors at the scale of the county: environmental, economic, and sociopolitical. Results and conclusions: Descriptive, GIS, and regression results indicate that the expected number of households using solar energy to heat their homes increases significantly with the amount of solar radiation received, but that other environmental, socioeconomic, and political factors are also significant predictors. The number of solar households in a county is a positive function of wealth (operationalized as m...
Mechanisms of formic acid, methanol, and carbon monoxide electrooxidation at platinum as examined by single potential alteration infrared spectroscopy

Abstract Surface infrared spectra have been obtained as a function of potential and time during the voltammetric oxidation of formic acid and methanol on polycrystalline platinum in order to probe the possible role of adsorbed carbon monoxide in the electrooxidation mechanisms. The procedure involves obtaining a sequence of single-beam infrared spectra using an FTIR spectrometer during potential sweep or following potential-step perturbations, and referencing these to a spectrum obtained at the initial potential or after complete oxidation had occurred. Using this “single potential alteration infrared” (SPAIR) technique, individual spectra for the C-O stretch of adsorbed carbon monoxide, νCO, as well as the O-C-O stretch for the CO2 product could be obtained under voltammetric conditions in as little as 3.5 s, and repetitively every 7 s. Such SPAIR spectra obtained during either potential sweep or step excursions indicate that the onset of both formic acid and methanol oxidation coincides with the oxidative removal of adsorbed carbon monoxide. The electrooxidation of CO irreversibly adsorbed from solution carbon monoxide was also examined using this approach. The integrated absorbance of the νCO band was generally found to be proportional to the CO coverage (determined from either the CO2 band intensity or the voltammetric charge) during electrooxidation. The dependence of the νCO peak frequency upon coverage during potentiostatic oxidation, however, is sensitive to the timescale over which the process proceeds. The adsorption kinetics of CO formed from formic acid and methanol were evaluated from the time dependence of the νCO band intensity following suitable potential step sequences to potentials where CO electrooxidation is suitably slow. These data suggest that while adsorbed CO may act as an adsorbed intermediate for methanol oxidation, it probably acts as a chemisorbed poison for formic acid oxidation.
Internal mechanical response of a polymer in solution.

We observed single molecules of fluorescently labeled double-stranded (ds) � DNA held in an antiBrownian electrokinetic trap. From the measured density fluctuations we extract the density-density response function of the molecule over times >4: 5m sand distances >250 nm, i.e., how a perturbation in density in one part of the molecule propagates through the rest of the molecule. We find a nonmonotonic radial dependence of the relaxation time. In contrast with earlier measurements on freely diffusing dsDNA, we observe clear signs of internal hydrodynamic interactions. Thermal fluctuations agitate molecules in solution over a broad range of times and distances. By passively watching the shape fluctuations of a thermally driven biopolymer, one can infer properties of the underlying interactions that determine the motion. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) each probe specific lowdimensional correlation functions of the shape fluctuations; these can be compared to predictions of Rouse, Zimm, or other hydrodynamic models [1]. The two techniques are complementary in that DLS probes fluctuations at a fixed k vector and FCS at a fixed position vector. Both techniques are also limited in the time scales they can probe: very fast fluctuations occur over distances too short to be detected optically, and very slow fluctuations are masked by translational diffusion. DLS has been used to measure the few longest relaxa
Role of cofactors in the inhibition of bacterial viruses by the somatic antigens of Shigella sonnei.

DURING the course of an investigation1 on the susceptibility of Sh. sonnei Phase I and II2 and their phage-resistant variants to the T series of bacterial viruses, it was found that the Phase I micro-organism was lysed only by T2 and T6, whereas the Phase II bacillus was susceptible to T3, T4 and T7 as well as T2 and T6. Solutions of the chemically purified and immunologically specific somatic antigens derived from Phase I and II bacilli3 were incubated at 37° C. with approximately 2,000 particles per ml. of the appropriate viruses in an ammonium lactate medium (F)4. The bacteriophages employed were kindly supplied by Dr. Mark Adams, of New York University. Fresh stocks of the T3 and T7 viruses were prepared in nutrient broth using E. coli B as the host cell. T2 and T6 were prepared in F medium, and the T4 virus in F medium containing 5 micrograms of 1-tryptophane per ml. When 0·1 ml. of the mixture was assayed on nutrient agar by the Hershey poured-plate technique5, there was no evidence that the lipocarbohydrate–protein antigens, even in concentrations as high as 0·1 mgm. per ml., would inhibit the lytic action of the viruses. This indicated that the purified antigens were incapable of preventing adsorption of the virus by the bacterial cell. These observations appear to be contrary to those of other investigators6, who found that extracts of a variety of micro-organisms, which presumably contained immunologically active carbohydrates, have the power of preventing the adsorption of bacterial viruses to the host cell.
Management of traumatic lung injury: a Western Trauma Association Multicenter review.

Background: Improved outcomes following lung injury have been reported using lung sparing techniques. Methods: A retrospective multicenter 4-year review of patients who underwent lung resection following injury was performed. Resections were categorized as minor (suture, wedge resection, tractotomy) or major (lobectomy or pneumonectomy). Injury severity, Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score, and outcome were recorded. Results: One hundred forty-three patients (28 blunt, 115 penetrating) underwent lung resection after sustaining an injury. Minor resections were used in 75% of cases, in patients with less severe thoracic injury (chest AIS scores minor 3.8 ± 0.9 vs. major 4.3 ± 0.7, p = 0.02). Mortality increased with each step of increasing complexity of the surgical technique (RR, 1.8; CI, 1.4-2.2): suture alone, 9% mortality; tractotomy, 13%; wedge resection, 30%; lobectomy, 43%; and pneumonectomy, 50%. Regression analysis demonstrated that blunt mechanism, lower blood pressure at thoracotomy, and increasing amount of the lung resection were each independently associated with mortality. Conclusion: Blunt traumatic lung injury has higher mortality primarily due to associated extrathoracic injuries. Major resections are required more commonly than previously reported. While minor resections, if feasible, are associated with improved outcome, trauma surgeons should be facile in a wide range of technical procedures for the management of lung injuries.
Allergic fungal sinusitis complicated by fungal brain mass

A 36-year-old African American female with a 14-year history of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) presented with progressive worsening headache, fevers, proptosis, and a large frontal lobe brain mass. After excisional biopsy, the non-invasive, dematiaceous mold, Bipolaris australiensis, was identified. We review the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentations of fungal sinusitis, as well as the complex management and multifaceted therapeutic modalities of AFS.
INNOVATION AND THE FUTURE OF JOURNALISM

Journalism and the media are in the midst of tumultuous change, driven at least in part by technological and economic uncertainty on a global scale. The thesis of this paper is that the key to the viability of news media in the digital age, as demonstrated by both long- and short-term patterns, is innovation. To insure long-term success, innovation in news media should be guided by four principles: intelligence or research, a commitment to freedom of speech, a dedication to the pursuit of truth and accuracy in reporting, and ethics. Evidence is presented that early innovation by news media leaders that adhere to the principles outlined here are finding success in both building audience and generating digital revenue.
Dual Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Abstract Thirty-four cases of double primary bronchogenic carcinomas, 5 simultaneous and 29 consecutive, were encountered among 2,664 patients treated for bronchogenic carcinoma. Criteria used for establishing the independent nature of these tumors included: (1) the absence of an extrapulmonary primary tumor of a similar histopathology, (2) the presence of bronchial communication, (3) simultaneous appearance of two tumors, and (4) a long interval between consecutive tumors. The interval between two primary tumors ranged from 9 months to 15 years, with the average being 5 years and the highest incidence at the second and fifth years. The tumors in 15 patients were operable; 3 patients are alive at 1 to 4 years and 1 at 5 years. The prognosis in this kind of patient is grave; operation offers the best chance for cure.
Basic as well as detailed neurosonograms can be performed by offline analysis of three-dimensional fetal brain volumes

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility and the processing time of offline analysis of three-dimensional (3D) brain volumes to perform a basic, as well as a detailed, targeted, fetal neurosonogram. Methods 3D fetal brain volumes were obtained in 103 consecutive healthy fetuses that underwent routine anatomical survey at 20–23 postmenstrual weeks. Transabdominal gray-scale and power Doppler volumes of the fetal brain were acquired by one of three experienced sonographers (an average of seven volumes per fetus). Acquisition was first attempted in the sagittal and coronal planes. When the fetal position did not enable easy and rapid access to these planes, axial acquisition at the level of the biparietal diameter was performed. Offline analysis of each volume was performed by two of the authors in a blinded manner. A systematic technique of ‘volume manipulation’ was used to identify a list of 25 brain dimensions/structures comprising a complete basic evaluation, intracranial biometry and a detailed targeted fetal neurosonogram. The feasibility and reproducibility of obtaining diagnostic-quality images of the different structures was evaluated, and processing times were recorded, by the two examiners. Results Diagnostic-quality visualization was feasible in all of the 25 structures, with an excellent visualization rate (85–100%) reported in 18 structures, a good visualization rate (69–97%) reported in five structures and a low visualization rate (38–54%) reported in two structures, by the two examiners. An average of 4.3 and 5.4 volumes were used to complete the examination by the two examiners, with a mean processing time of 7.2 and 8.8 minutes, respectively. The overall agreement rate for diagnostic visualization of the different brain structures between the two examiners was 89.9%, with a kappa coefficient of 0.5 (P < 0.001). Conclusions In experienced hands, offline analysis of 3D brain volumes is a reproducible modality that can identify all structures necessary to complete both a basic and a detailed second-trimester fetal neurosonogram. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. frederiksenii from Forest Soil, Federal Republic of Germany

This is the first report of Yersinia frederiksenii from soil in Europe and of Yersinia enterocolitica sensu stricto from soil in the Federal Republic of Germany. These organisms were isolated from deciduous forest soil, but were not found in grassland soils.
MONITORING DURING ANESTHESIA.

Abstract Continuous auscultatory monitoring of heart sounds has proved to be the most direct and foolproof method of evaluating alterations in cardiovascular dynamics during surgery.
Shared motor innervation between dynamic and static intrafusal muscle fibers in the monkey

Abstract Distributions of 25 motor axons to 60 intrafusal muscle fibers of 10 poles of monkey spindle were reconstructed from serial 1 μm thick transverse sections of lumbrical muscles. About 44% of motor axons co-innervated two or more types of intrafusal fiber. The (dynamic) bag 1 fiber shared motor innervation with the (static) bag 2 or chain fibers in about 50% of spindle poles. Activation of single intrafusal fibers independent of the other fibers of the same intrafusal bundle occurs to a lesser degree in spindles of monkeys than in spindles of cats. Functional implications of this pattern of motor innervation are discussed.
Treating perioperative anxiety and pain in children: a tailored and innovative approach

Millions of children undergo outpatient surgery in the United States each year; the overwhelming majority will experience significant perioperative anxiety and pain. Behavioral preparation programs focused on skills acquisition and modeling, considered essential for effective preparation, are no longer offered to most children and families in the outpatient surgery setting. Moreover, what little preparation does occur is typically generic in nature, rather than tailored to unique characteristics of the child and family. Untreated anxiety and pain have significant implications for children's short- and long-term recovery and future interactions in the medical environment. The rapid growth of the World Wide Web and increasing access to Internet by families across the country provide an opportunity to develop tailored, Web-based behavioral preparation programs that can be accessed repeatedly at times convenient to the child and family, that include coping skills training and modeling, and that can provide unique output based upon child and parent characteristics known to impact perioperative pain and anxiety. In this review article, we present a conceptual framework for a computer-based intervention that may transform the way we manage children and parents before and after surgery.
Emission scenarios in the face of fossil-fuel peaking

Abstract Emissions scenarios used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are based on detailed energy system models in which demographics, technology and economics are used to generate projections of future world energy consumption, and therefore, of greenhouse gas emissions. We propose in this paper that it is useful to look at a qualitative model of the energy system, backed by data from short- and medium-term trends, to gain a sense of carbon emission bounds. Here we look at what may be considered a lower bound for 21st century emissions given two assumptions: first, that extractable fossil-fuel resources follow the trends assumed by “peak oil” adherents, and second, that no climate mitigation policies are put in place to limit emissions. If resources, and more importantly, extraction rates, of fossil fuels are more limited than posited in full energy-system models, a supply-driven emissions scenario results; however, we show that even in this “peak fossil-fuel” limit, carbon emissions are high enough to surpass 550 ppm or 2 °C climate protection guardrails. Some indicators are presented that the scenario presented here should not be disregarded, and comparisons are made to the outputs of emission scenarios used for the IPCC reports.
Probes for vasopressin receptors Attachment of affinity and fluorescent groups in vasopressin

Fluorescent, photoreactive, and biotinylated analogs of vasopressin have been prepared in which one of these three groups has been attached to a reactive amino group in either position 4 or position 7. Using solid phase methodology, we have synthesized two active parent compounds, [1-desamino,4-lysine,7-hydroxyproline]arginine vasopressin and [1-desamino,7-aminoproline]arginine vasopressin, and acylated them to obtain biotinyl, azidobenzoyl, and fluoresceinyl derivatives. We have also prepared analogs in which a "spacer arm" was inserted between lysine in position 4 and the marker group. Some of these derivatives have good antidiuretic activity and could be valuable probes in studying hormone-receptor interaction and in receptor visualization and purification.
Comments on "On the inverse optimum control problem for a class of nonlinear autonomous systems"

The purpose of this correspondence is to indicate an error in Thau's paper in the expression for the part of the loss function involving the state variables, and to derive a corrected and simplified version for this expression. Furthermore, a condition in the frequency-domain is presented that is necessary as well as sufficient for the loss function involving the state variables to be nonnegative definite.
Attention to Context

In striving to build a secure information infrastructure, we're all trying to develop patterns of local behavior. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/lXk2QrOxEzI is a video segment in which author David Alan Grier expands on his Errant Hashtag column, in which he discusses how security policies provide guiding hands to help ensure cybersecurity.
Effect of Thermal Processing and Additives on the Kinetics of Oxytetracycline Degradation in Pork Muscle

The degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC) was observed at 60, 70, and 80 °C in several different aqueous and tissue media. In aqueous media, the rate of OTC degradation (kobs) was found to be independent of glycerol adjusted water activities in the range of 0.6 to 1.0. Orthophosphate was observed to increase kobs; in contrast, polymeric phosphates (sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and sodium hexametaphosphate) were observed to significantly decrease kobs. Sodium nitrite decreased kobs at 80 °C. OTC degradation was found to occur at a slower rate in porcine tissue than in aqueous media. Addition of orthophospate (0.5% as anhydrous dibasic sodium phosphate) to tissue resulted in no observable change in kobs; addition of polyphosphates (equivalent to 0.5% anhydrous dibasic sodium phosphate) increased kobs. Sodium nitrite (200 ppm) in tissue increased kobs at 60 °C but decreased it at 80 °C. Inclusion of calcium chloride significantly decreased kobs in both aqueous and tissue matrices. Thermal tr...
Number of quantifiers is better than number of tape cells

Abstract We introduce a new complexity measure, QN[f(n)], which measures the size of sentences from predicate calculus needed to express a given property. We show that: NSPACE[f(n)]⊆QN[(f(n))2/log n]⊆DSPACE[(f(n))2]. Fraisse-Ehrenfeucht games are used to prove sharp lower bounds in the measure.
Women’s Report of Regret of HIV Disclosure to Family, Friends and Sex Partners

The purpose of this study was to examine whether HIV-positive women experience regret as a consequence of disclosing their HIV serostatus. Participants for this study were 73 HIV-positive women involved in a longitudinal study of HIV disclosure. Results revealed that overall, participants experienced little regret. Fifty nine percent of women experienced no regret and 71% had regret percentages that were less than 10%. Results indicated that all estimated odds ratios were not statistically significant, with the exception of relationship satisfaction and relationship to participant.
Semi-synthetic analogs of cytochrome c Substitutions for methionine at position 80

Abstract Derivatives of cytochrome c having S- methyl cysteine and ethionine substituted for methionine residue 80 have been synthesized in order to study the effects of structural perturbations near the heme on the biological function of cytochrome c . The ethionine derivative has 96% as much activity as native cytochrome c in the succinate oxidase system, whereas the S- methyl cysteine analog is totally inactive.
Measuring Women’s Cumulative Neighborhood Deprivation Exposure Using Longitudinally Linked Vital Records: A Method for Life Course MCH Research

A life course conceptual framework for MCH research demands new tools for understanding population health and measuring exposures. We propose a method for measuring population-based socio-environmental trajectories for women of reproductive age. We merged maternal longitudinally-linked births to Georgia-resident women from 1994 to 2007 with census economic and social measures using residential geocodes to create woman-centered socio-environmental trajectories. We calculated a woman’s neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) at the time of each of her births and, from these, we calculated a cumulative NDI. We fit Loess curves to describe average life course NDI trajectories and binomial regression models to test specific life course theory hypotheses relating cumulative NDI to risk for preterm birth. Of the 1,815,944 total live births, we linked 1,000,437 live births to 413,048 unique women with two or more births. Record linkage had high specificity but relatively low sensitivity which appears non-differential with respect to maternal characteristics. Georgia women on average experienced upward mobility across the life course, although differences by race, early life neighborhood quality, and age at first birth produced differences in cumulative NDI. Adjusted binomial models found evidence for modification of the effect of history of prior preterm birth and advancing age on risk for preterm birth by cumulative NDI. The creation of trajectories from geocoded maternal longitudinally-linked vital records is one method to carry out life course MCH research. We discuss approaches for investigating the impact of truncation of the life course, selection bias from migration, and misclassification of cumulative exposure.
Consecutive changes of absolutely refractory periods of ventral-horn cells and of peripheral nerve fiber components during retrograde degeneration and axon regeneration.

Abstract The consecutive changes of absolutely refractory periods of ventral-horn cells and of motor and sensory fiber components during retrograde degeneration and axon regeneration have been investigated using electrophysiological technique. In cats the left posterior tibial nerve was subjected to a 1-cm resection. In one series of animals the nerve was permitted to regenerate, using a Millipore tubulation technique for repair, and in a second series of animals regeneration was prevented. During the phase of muscle denervation the absolute refractoriness of ventral-horn L7 cells was abnormally increased to twice that of the normal. Full recovery gradually followed, provided reconnection of regenerating alpha-fiber bundles had occurred with their respective muscle terminals. The refractory period of directly activated regenerating motor and sensory nerve fiber components, as determined through multifiber responses, was markedly prolonged (3 to 4 times) beyond that of corresponding intact nerve fibers. Although some recovery of the lengthened refractoriness gradually was noted in the course of muscle reinnervation, completely normal values were never encountered, even as late as 44 weeks after the original nerve section. The manifestation of disturbed refractorinesss of regenerating nerves is discussed as a potential factor; which, in addition to other known mechanisms, might interfere with efficient utilization of reinnervated muscles.
Properties of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 /Li Cell in Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Based on N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide

LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material was synthesized by PVP-assisted gel-combustion method and examined as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, working together with a room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte and a lithium metal anode. The LiTFSI-Pp13TFSI ionic liquid electrolyte was obtained by dissolution of solid lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) in liquid N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide (Pp13TFSI). The LiNi0.5- Mn1.5O4/LiTFSI-Pp13TFSI/Li cell was tested by galvanostatic charging/discharging and compared with standard carbonate/LiPF6 electrolyte. At low current (0.05 C) density, the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/ LiTFSI-Pp13TFSI/Li cell exhibited stable cycling for 11 cycles, but it degraded rapidly in subsequent cycles. Preliminary tests showed that both the cathode and anode interfacial reaction contributed to the rapid degradation.
A NEW X-LINKED RECESSIVE SYNBECME WPM BRAIN, HEART AND GENITAL MALFORMATIONS

The proband, a 2.9 kg term male, was live-born and died on day 5 of life following cardiopulmonary arrest. Autopsy revealed aqueductal stenosis with hydrocephalus; agenesis of the septum pellucidum, olfactory bulbs and tracts; focal cerebellar dysplasia; cystic lesions of the ganglionic eminence; acute and remote cerebral infarcts; aortic coarctation with a dysplastic, bicuspid aortic valve; ASD; VSD; severe hypospadias; sacrococcygeal sinus; left foot equinovarus deformity; simple low set ears; fifth finger clinodactyly; and abnormal palmar creases. The proband's half brother through a common mother was a pre-term infant who expired at age 13 days. Autopsy revealed aqueductal stenosis with hydrocephalus; cerebral and cerebellar dysplasia with neuronal and glial heterotropias; intraventricular hemorrhage; aortic dextroposition; pulmonary valve atresia; VSD; PDA; severe hypospadias; thoracic spina bifida occulta; low set ears; and unusual finger overlap. Both infants were 46,XY. Their mother had a maternal uncle with a large head and abnormal genitals who was stillborn, and a maternal aunt delivered a hydrocephalic stillborn male. Autopsy records are unavailable on these latter individuals. There have probably been four affected males in three generations of this family. This syndrome, which is of unknown embryologic pathogenesis, appears to be inherited as an X-linked recessive disorder.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with prior coronary bypass surgery

To improve symptomatic status and avoid reoperation, 122 initial and 7 repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures were performed in 116 patients with disabling angina pectoris at a mean of 26.8 months (range 2 to 132) after coronary bypass surgery. Marked angiographic improvement (> 30% reduction in diameter stenosis) was obtained in 107 (88%) of the 122 initial procedures and in all 7 repetitions. Mean stenosis was reduced from 78 ±13% (mean ± standard deviation) to 25 ± 13% (p Complications were: emergency surgery (three patients), Q wave infarction (one patient), myocardial infarction by enzyme criteria only (four patients) and nonoccluding coronary dissection (one patient). There were no neurologic or peripheral vascular complications and no early deaths. One late death occurred 14 months after an unsuccessful but uncomplicated angioplasty procedure. At a mean follow-up of 8.3 months, 88 patients (76%) were free of angina or in improved condition. In patients followed up for at least 6 months, evidence of restenosis occurred in 9 (53%) of 17 saphenous veins, 1 (50%) of 2 proximal graft anastomoses, 4 (18%) of 22 distal graft anastomoses and 5 (14%) of 37 native coronary arteries. When coronary anatomy is suitable, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is an attractive alternative to reoperation in symptomatic patients with prior coronary bypass surgery.
The thermodynamics of rotating liquid He II: Vortex core radius

A thermodynamic treatment of rotating liquid helium is presented leading to estimates of the vortex core radius.
RADIOLOGY OF PNEUMONIA

Chest radiography is the imaging technique of choice in evaluating patients with suspected pneumonia because of its low radiation dose, low cost, and wide accessibility. In daily practice, radiographs are used to confirm the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, characterize the extent and severity of disease, search for complications such as empyema, monitor the response to therapy, and examine for possible alternative or additional diagnoses. Although CT scan has no defined role in the routine assessment of patients with either community-acquired or nosocomial pneumonias, its advantages of superior contrast resolution and cross-sectional display can often be helpful in the analysis of complex cases, particularly when radiographic evidence of associated central obstruction, cavitation, lymphadenopathy, or empyema is equivocal. In the immunocompromised patient population, high-resolution CT has been shown to be more sensitive than plain film radiography in the early detection of pulmonary infections.
The administration of purified growth hormone to a female with hypoadrenalism, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and secondary amenorrhea, simulating panhypopituitarism.

THE purpose of this paper is, first, to report a case in which the coexistence of diabetes mellitus and hypoadrenalism was further complicated by the presence of hypothyroidism and secondary amenorrhea and second, to report the results of the administration of purified growth hormone to this patient. The incidence of the coexistence of diabetes mellitus and hypoadrenalism in itself is very rare as only 32 cases (1–6) have been reported up to July 1, 1951. It will be brought cut in our discussion that this patient did not have panhypopituitarism but rather multiple “end organ failure.” A similar case has been reported (7) in a male, but to our knowledge a similar case has not been reported in a female. CASE HISTORY W.S., a 19-year-old white female was admitted to the University of Virginia Hospital on October 13, 1949, in a semi-comatose state. The patient had been known to have diabetes for approximately six years. Her insulin requirement had ranged from 45 to 60 units of protamine-zinc insulin daily. One...
Dynamics of task switching in harvester ants

Abstract Harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex barbatus , were marked when engaged in one of four activities outside the nest: foraging, patrolling, nest maintenance and upkeep of the colony refuse pile. In undisturbed older colonies, each activity was done by a distinct group of workers. In undisturbed younger colonies, nest maintenance workers were likely to forage. Further experiments examined the conditions under which workers of each task group engaged in other activities. Marked workers were observed in the course of perturbations that increased the numbers engaged in one activity. In response to perturbations, most workers would switch tasks to forage, and nest maintenance workers were likely to switch to other tasks. Previous work showed that changes in the numbers of ants engaged in one activity alter the numbers engaged in other activities. The experiments with marked individuals described here show that task switching among exterior workers does not account for the observed responses to perturbations. This means that within a time scale of several hours, one worker group receives information about events affecting other worker groups.
The respective contribution of smooth and striated components in the urethral pressure profile of the spinal cord injured. A neuropharmacological and urodynamic study.

The respective contribution of smooth and striated components in the urethral pressure profile of the spinal cord injured. a neuropharmacological and urodynamic study
Testing among models of intrahousehold resource allocation

Households are the locus for much economic decision making. Households function as producers, investors in human and physical capital, managers of risk, and as consumers. Many resources are allocated within households, and the effects of many policies depend on the dynamics of household decision-making. For example, household decisions about allocating food among individual household members may determine who benefits from programs to improve health, nutrition, or welfare. In many microeconomic studies, the household is treated as an individual for analytical purposes; in other words, it is assumed that a household acts as a single entity with a single set of preferences. Recently, however, a number of economists have recognized that households are sites of conflict as well as cooperation and have begun to use new classes of models to explain how resources are allocated among household members. This literature has especially improved our understanding of households in which income is not completely pooled. In such a setting, standard household models may offer misleading conclusions about the effects of policies on individual household members .I This paper goes beyond recent surveys of intrahousehold issue? by explicitly examining the assumptions, predictions, and empirical implications of different intrahousehold models. In particular, it analyzes empirical tests that distinguish among competing models. By clarifying the similarities and differences among alternative models, this paper also clarifies what has actually been demonstrated (and what has not been demonstrated) by previous empirical studies. In so doing, the paper points to specific topics in need of further research. This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 analyzes the assumptions and predictions of each of the five main classes of intrahousehold resource allocation models. Section 3 describes empirical tests of these assumptions along with an analysis of empirical work that has been generated. Sections 4 and 5 discuss the questions that remain unanswered and directions for future research.
Retinoblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma in siblings.

Two siblings with bilateral retinoblastoma are presented, both of whom subsequently developed osteogenic sarcoma of the femur. The general concept of gene-induced oncogenesis is discussed, and it is suggested that both patients with familial retinoblastomas and their first-degree relatives might be at increased risk for other tumors at sites distant from the ocular area.
τ→ν3π and the A1 resonance

Abstract An outline is described for constructing the matrix element for τ → ν 3 π using the isobar expansion, subenergy unitarity, and hard pion current algebra. The decay rate and the 3π mass distribution are compared with data, using the mass and width of the A 1 as parameters. Values around 1.10 GeV and 0.45 GeV, respectively, are selected for the fit. The influence of 3π rearrangement effects is assesed.
Follicular B Cell Trafficking within the Spleen Actively Restricts Humoral Immune Responses

Follicular (FO) and marginal zone (MZ) B cells are maintained in distinct locations within the spleen, but the genetic basis for this separation is still enigmatic. We now report that B cell sequestration requires lineage-specific regulation of migratory receptors by the transcription factor Klf2. Moreover, using gene-targeted mice we show that altered splenic B cell migration confers a significant in vivo gain-of-function phenotype to FO B cells, including the ability to quickly respond to MZ-associated antigens and pathogens in a T cell-dependent manner. This work demonstrates that in wild-type animals, naive FO B cells are actively removed from the MZ, thus restricting their capacity to respond to blood-borne pathogens.
Teaching sexual history-taking skills using the Sexual Events Classification System.

The authors review the literature about educational programs for teaching sexual history-taking skills and describe novel techniques for teaching these skills. Psychiatric residents enrolled in a brief sexual history-taking course that included instruction on the Sexual Events Classification System, feedback on residents’ video-recorded interviews with simulated patients, discussion of videos that simulated bad interviews, simulated patients, and a competency scoring form to score a video of a simulated interview. After the course, residents completed an anonymous survey to assess the usefulness of the experience. After the course, most residents felt more comfortable taking sexual histories. They described the Sexual Events Classification System and simulated interviews as practical methods for teaching sexual history-taking skills. The Sexual Events Classification System and simulated patient experiences may serve as a practical model for teaching sexual history-taking skills to general psychiatric residents.
Inflammation on liquid-based cervical cytology: can leukocytes be used to triage for Chlamydia trachomatis testing?

Objective The study was undertaken to investigate whether leukocytes on liquid-based cervical cytology can predict Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Study Design A retrospective case-control study of females under 30 years examined the association between leukocytes on liquid-based cervical cytology and C trachomatis infection. Results Smears from chlamydia-infected women had an average of 30.7 leukocytes and a median of 25.4 leukocytes per high-powered field (hpf), whereas smears from controls had an average of 11.5 leukocytes and a median of 7.1 leukocytes per hpf. The median leukocyte to epithelial cell ratio among infected women was 1.4 vs 0.6 in the controls ( P Conclusion There is an association between inflammation on liquid-based cervical cytology and C trachomatis infection. However, assessing for leukocytes cannot be recommended as a triage for chlamydia screening, as there is great overlap in inflammation among infected and uninfected women.
Insights From Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Making Dietary and Exercise Changes

PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to identify factors that affect the nutrition and exercise behaviors of persons over the age of 55 with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Focus groups were conducted using a validated focus group interview guide to determine primary health concerns and health behaviors, favored learning modalities, barriers to learning, food preferences, and exercise preferences. RESULTS The following major themes and subthemes were identified: some risk factors for diabetes and heart disease seem more salient than others; perceived susceptibility for serious outcomes of diabetes can occur through vicarious learning; willpower, often obtained through a belief in God, is necessary for successful behavior change; effective modification of behavior and building self-efficacy starts with small steps; and intrinsic reinforcement is necessary for behavior change. CONCLUSIONS These data were used to identify strategies and messages to enhance adherence to nutrition and activity recommendations for persons with type 2 diabetes and accompanying cardiovascular risk factors.
Dynamic-overlapped-grid simulation of aerodynamically determined relative motion

Currently, there is a need to develop a means of analyzing and studying unsteady flowfields which involve multiple component configurations with at least one of the components in relative motion with respect to the others. Two of the important phenomena that such analyses can help to understand are the unsteady aerodynamic interference and the boundary-induced component of the flowfield. With this motivation, a computational method is developed which couples the governing equations of the unsteady flowfield and the rigid-body dynamics in six degrees-of-freedom. These equations are solved on composite meshes of overlapped subdomain grids which can move with respect to each other. Initially, several measures that reduce the numerical error are studied and compared with the exact solution of a moving normal shock in a tube. It is concluded that a second-order accurate method, for spatial and temporal discretizations as well as for the moving subdomain interpolations, is needed as a minimum measure. Furthermore, the CFL numbers should be restricted to unity. Then, the method is used to simulate the flowfield history and predict the aerodynamically determined trajectory of a store dropped from its initial position under a wing.
Effects of pulsatile subcutaneous injections of insulin lispro on plasma insulin concentration levels.

Background: Most insulin pumps used for the treatment of diabetes perform subcutaneous insulin injections by pulses. The purpose of this work is to analyze the effects of pulsatile injections of modern insulins on plasma insulin levels compared with a continuous insulin infusion. Method: We simulate pulsatile implementations of a basal rate profile over a day on a type 1 diabetes mellitus patient using insulin lispro. Pulse periods were varied between 1 and 60 min, and random pump errors were included, modeled as white noise, 1/f noise, or 1/f 2 noise with relative standard deviations up to 10% of the pump output. Results: Oscillations in plasma insulin caused by the pulsatile injections were not significant with respect to the global variations for pulse periods below 15 min. This cutoff period was found to be robust to random pump errors with standard deviations up to 10% of the pump output and hence solely determined by the insulin kinetics. Additionally, we showed that the pulse period achieving the best implementation of a continuous profile is an increasing function of the error variance for a given type of noise. Conclusions: Our findings support that continuous insulin infusion can be implemented by a pulsatile injection of insulin as infrequent as a pulse every 15 min without significant effects on plasma insulin levels. If clinically confirmed, this result would have important consequences on the design and in silico testing of automated insulin treatment strategies, as increased delivery intervals imply higher accuracy of insulin delivery and facilitated implementations of closed-loop control algorithms.
Coronary vasodilatory capacity and flow reserve in normal myocardium supplied by bypass grafts late after surgery

Abstract Coronary artery bypass surgery is used widely for treating myocardial ischemia. However, blood flow and flow reserve of normally perfused myocardium subtended by bypass grafts have not been evaluated late after surgery. Also, it is unknown whether pharmacologic vasodilation evokes comparable myocardial flow responses in arterial and venous conduits. Myocardial blood flow was quantified at rest and during dipyridamole hyperemia using N-13 ammonia and positron emission tomography (PET) in 15 patients 9 ± 3 years after bypass surgery and in 10 healthy volunteers. Blood flow was analyzed in 26 territories subtended by bypass grafts with normal wall motion and normal perfusion. Myocardial blood flow at rest did not differ between patients and controls (0.65 ± 0.14 vs 0.68 ± 0.16 ml/ g/min) and was similar in normal myocardium subtended by saphenous vein (n = 16) and internal mammary artery grafts (n = 10; 0.64 ± 0.13 vs 0.66 ± 0.15 ml/g/min). However, the hyperemic response in normal myocardium supplied by bypass grafts was less than that in controls (1.61 ± 0.33 vs 2.04 ± 0.30 ml/g/min, p
St John's wort for depression: A systematic review

To address whether St John's wort is useful for the treatment of depression we attempted to retrieve all English-language articles with data on the efficacy, safety, and availability of St John's wort. Randomized, controlled, double-blind trials were selected and assessed for methodological quality using a standardized checklist, and data on pharmacology, cost, regulation, and safety were extracted. Eight studies were identified, found to be of generally good methodological quality, and determined to provide a modest amount of data to suggest that St John's wort is more effective than placebo in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. The absolute increased response rate with the use of St John's wort ranged from 23% to 55% higher than with placebo, but ranged from 6% to 18% lower compared with tricyclic antidepressants. More data are required to assess both its use in severe depression and its efficacy compared with other antidepressants. Rates of side effects were low. As a dietary supplement, St John's wort is currently largely unregulated, but the Food and Drug Administration is reviewing plans to tighten its regulatory oversight.
The shapes and intensities of infrared absorption bands—A review

Abstract The experimental and theoretical factors influencing the measurement of the profiles and intensities of infrared absorption bands for materials in condensed states are reviewed. The effects of the spectral slit function and of the time constants of the spectrophotometer recording system on the band shape are discussed, and the methods available for the experimental evaluation of these quantities are described. The theoretical and experimental problems associated with the determination of the true band-intensity parameters from the corresponding apparent band-intensity parameters are examined critically and the interrelationships among the various spectrophotometric variables, including spectral slit width, amplifier time constant, scanning rate and amplifier gain are considered both in terms of the theory of errors and with respect to general laboratory practice.
Modeling of mercury desorption from activated carbon at elevated temperatures under fluidized/fixed bed operations

Abstract An effective method for controlling elemental mercury emission is to employ activated carbon (AC) to adsorb mercury from the combustion flue gas. An environmental concern regarding the process is the low sorption capacity of AC. The mercury control practice, therefore, will need a large quantity of fresh AC and generate an equally large quantity of spent AC contaminated with various forms of mercury. A practical solution to this problem is to regenerate the AC for reuse. In this study, an activated carbon mercury sorption/desorption model was developed for simulating the mercury sorption/desorption process at various temperatures under both the fixed and fluidized bed conditions. Mercury sorption experiments were carried out to determine the best-fit model parameter and the parameter-fitted model was then used to simulate the mercury desorption processes under various conditions. The simulation results have indicated that both the desorption temperature and the fluidization condition affect significantly the mercury desorption rates.