cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of environmental loads related concrete pavement deflection behavior using Light Detection and Ranging technology

Abstract Repeated deflection behavior resulting from temperature and moisture variations across concrete pavement depth causes curling and warping of Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement systems. Although curling and warping issues have been investigated extensively, there are no standardized methods or procedures currently available to characterize the degree/magnitude of this in situ environmental load-related deflection. This study discusses the development of a detailed procedure for assessing environmental load-related deflection of concrete pavement using a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) system. LiDAR systems have been recognized as an advanced technology for transportation infrastructure inspection but have not been widely investigated for measuring environmental load-related deflection of concrete pavements. In this study, field surveys were conducted on six identified concrete pavement sites in Iowa by scanning the concrete slab surfaces using the stationary LiDAR instrument. Based on dense point cloud data obtained by the LiDAR instrument, a data processing algorithm was developed to obtain the degrees of environmental load-related deflection. The degrees of deflection obtained were correlated to variations in pavement performance, mix design, pavement design, and construction details at each site. The results and findings from this study describe a potentially novel method of using LiDAR system for environmental load-related deflection characterization of concrete pavement.
An Examination of Male Consumers’ Attitude toward Using Fit Mass-customizationand Intention of buying Fit Mass-customized Apparel

The purposes of the current study are (a) to develop a framework to examine the factors that influence consumer attitude toward using fit MC and intention of buying fit masscustomized apparel, and (b) to identify the characteristics of male consumers who have a greater intention of buying fit mass-customized apparel. Based on the purposes of the study, a conceptual model was developed through the integration of the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991), Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989), and previous propositions and study findings, and was used as the framework of the research.
Whitehead on the ‘Rhythm of Education’ and Kitaro Nishida’s ‘Pure Experience’ as a Developing Whole

This essay uses the philosophy of education developed by Alfred North Whitehead as a framework by which to illuminate the idea of “pure experience” articulated by Nishida Kitarō (1870–1945), founder of the Kyoto school of modern Japanese philosophy. Whitehead’s idea of mental cultivation through a “rhythm of education” in three phases is applied to interpret Nishida’s concept of pure experience as a threefold developing system of consciousness. Whitehead agrees with Hegel that consciousness unfolds by the three dialectical stages of (i) thesis, (ii) antithesis, and (iii) synthesis. Or in Whitehead’s own vocabulary, mental growth develops by the three stages of (i) romanticism, (ii) precision, and (iii) generalization. Using the contemporary Japanese scholarship of Kosaka Kunitsugu, I then argue that for Nishida, pure experience is a self-developing system of consciousness that unfolds by a Hegelian dialectical process consisting of three moments. According to Kosaka, Nishida’s Zen-tinged concept of pure experience as a spontaneously developing system of consciousness unfolds in three dialectical stages: (i) the pre-rational stage of original pure experience as an implicit unity; (ii) the rational stage of pure experience that emerges by development of mental distinctions; and (iii) the trans-rational stage of pure experience as a unified enveloping whole underlying cognitive judgments grasped by a unifying act of intellectual intuition. Moreover, I have emphasized how for both Whitehead and Nishida, the development of consciousness in three moments itself culminates in practical wisdom as the use of knowledge in everyday life, thereby establishing a continuity of action and knowledge. Finally, it has been underscored how for both Whitehead and Nishida, mental cultivation is aimed toward practical wisdom as an awakening to the vivid qualitative flow of pure or immediate experience, itself functioning as the unifying source of all value-realization in ordinary experience of everyday life, including all cognitive as well as aesthetic, moral and religious values.
Radiology ExamWeb: development and implementation of a national web-based examination system for medical students in radiology.

Rationale and Objectives Faculty are often limited in time, knowledge, and resources to develop efficient, effective, and valid computer-based examinations to evaluate students. Our purpose was to develop a web-based pool of standardized National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME)-format, peer-reviewed, and peer-tested questions based on the Alliance of Medical Student Educators in Radiology (AMSER) National Medical Student Curriculum to evaluate the radiologic knowledge of medical students. Materials and Methods Members of the AMSER Electronics Committee submitted questions they had written for their institutions and later developed a 113-question standardized examination. Questions were edited by 24 subspeciality editors and then further edited by the authors to NBME recommendations. Software was developed using commercially available software ( www.ExamWeb.com ) with extensive modifications and additions following initial deployment. Students take examinations online and receive their scores immediately. Items were validated by identifying those answered >30 times and analyzing the following: number of times deployed, number of times correctly answered, distractor-specific breakdown, difficulty level (P), and point biserial coefficient (rbi). Results Radiology ExamWeb (REW) is available online with 3500 registered students from 65 institutions and 1800 active questions. Instructors can create examinations or use “shared examinations” made by another instructor but enabled for other institutions to administer or modify. More than 300 shared examinations have been developed. The AMSER curriculum was converted into database format and crosschecked with question items to ensure that the question pool adequately covered the spectrum of the curriculum. An AMSER standardized examination has been developed and deployed within REW. Conclusions REW has provided medical student educators with the means to evaluate students in a systematic way, using a nationally edited and regularly reviewed web-based process.
Maternal bias in mouse radiosensitivity: the role of the mitochondrial PTP.

This study investigated, at the molecular level, mitochondrial responses to radiation. In three mouse strains, we found the following: (1) mitochondrial response to calcium stress was associated with a strain’s susceptibility to γ-radiation; (2) γ-radiation increased this calcium stress response in a dose-responsive manner; (3) the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in the liver of the radiosensitive mouse strain was significantly lower, as compared to that of the radioresistant strain; (4) adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) mRNA copy numbers were significantly lower in the radiosensitive strain; (5) the F1 offspring (BC/C57M) of radiosensitive females mated with radioresistant males exhibited a significant difference in calcium stress response from that of the radiation-resistant strain, but the reverse cross did not exhibit this difference; and (6) only those mitochondria extracted from the livers of irradiated BC/C57M mice exhibited a heightened calcium stress response. We propose that a genetic change in ANT and a postirradiation change involving either mtDNA-encoded protein replacement or altered mtDNA association fit these data.
Ch. R-21 Compositional Numerical Simulation of MEOR Processes

Abstract From an order-of-magnitude analysis it is shown that biosurfactants have the potential to recover residual oil from a waterflooded reservoir. Biomass and biopolymer may help to recover residual oil in a heterogeneous reservoir by selective plugging, and/or by improving the mobility ratio. A compositional numerical simulator has been developed on this basis. The simulator can be used for predicting growth of bacteria, consumption of nutrient, change in interfacial tension along with production of biosurfactants, oil production rate and cumulative oil recovery as a function of pore volumes of fluid injected.
Integrating a PCA Learning Algorithm with the SUSD Strategy for a Collective Source Seeking Behavior

A challenging requirement of most of the existing swarm distributed source seeking strategies is the knowledge of the gradient of the field or communication of measurements. Yet, in this paper we integrate a PCA unsupervised learning algorithm with the Speeding-Up and Slowing-Down (SUSD) strategy to perform source seeking in a 2-dimensional space without any explicit gradient estimation and without sharing field measurements or components of body frame. The strategy scales to any arbitrary connected undirected networks. We formulate a singular perturbation problem and provide stability analysis for the case of complete networks. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technique through a simulated source seeking behavior in a 2-dimensional space.
Ryanodine Receptor 2 Contributes to Impaired Protein Localization in Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel Deficiency.

Abstract The photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel plays a pivotal role in phototransduction and cellular calcium homeostasis. Mutations in the cone photoreceptor CNG channel subunits CNGA3 and CNGB3 are associated with achromatopsia and cone dystrophies. CNG channel deficiency leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated cone apoptosis, protein mislocalization, and ER calcium dysregulation. This work investigated the potential mechanisms of protein mislocalization associated with ER calcium dysregulation using Cnga3-/- mice lacking ER Ca2+ channel ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) specifically in cones. Deletion of Ryr2 improved outer segment (OS) localization of the cone proteins M-opsin, S-opsin, and cone phosphodiesterase subunit α′ (PDE6C) and decreased inner segment localization. One-month-old Cnga3-/- mice showed ∼30% of M-opsin, 55% of S-opsin, and 50% of PDE6C localized to the OS. Cnga3-/- mice with Ryr2 deletion at the same age showed almost 60% of M-opsin, 70% of S-opsin, and 70% of PDE6C localized to the OS. Deletion of Ryr2 nearly completely reversed elevations of the ER stress markers phospho-IRE1α and phospho-eIF2α and suppressed cone apoptosis. Consistent with the improved cone protein localization and reduced ER stress/cone apoptosis, cone survival was improved by deletion of Ryr2. The number of cones was increased by ∼28% in 2- to 4-month-old Cnga3-/- mice with Ryr2 deletion compared with age-matched Cnga3-/- mice. This work demonstrates a role of RyR2/ER calcium dysregulation in protein mislocalization, ER stress, and cone death. The findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of photoreceptor degeneration and support strategies targeting ER calcium regulation to manage retinal degeneration.
Validation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 and relationships to eating behaviors and health among sexual minorities.

Abstract Although the study of positive body image continues to expand, researchers have predominantly focused the study of this newer construct among presumed heterosexual participants. The purpose of the present study was to examine the factor structure of a measure of positive body image, the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2), among sexual minority participants. The present study also sought to psychometrically validate the BAS-2 among sexual minorities by assessing its relationship with other facets of positive body image, including functionality appreciation and body image flexibility, as well as other related constructs, such as body dissatisfaction, disordered eating behaviors, intuitive eating behaviors, and physical and mental health. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis of 223 sexual minority adults (Mage = 32.45, SD = 10.07) indicated that the BAS-2 displayed strong factorial validity with a unitary factor structure. Furthermore, the BAS-2′s construct validity was supported based on correlations with other measures of positive body image, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating behavior. Results from this cross-sectional study supported a relationship between body appreciation and intuitive eating behaviors, as well as physical and mental health among sexual minority participants. These findings provide an initial understanding of body appreciation and other related constructs among sexual minority individuals.
Machine learning based imaging biomarkers in large scale population studies: A neuroimaging perspective

Abstract Neuroimaging data is both very large and complex, as it encompasses many dimensions related to structure, function, and pathology. A growing interest in neuroimaging research has been focused on the use of machine learning methods for the analysis of complex brain imaging data. The success of machine learning approaches depends greatly on the existence of large-scale studies that are complemented with a broad and deep phenotyping. In recent years, studies started to collect imaging data with large samples and mega-analyses started to emerge by pooling thousands of samples together. These studies present opportunities, as well as new challenges, for neuroimaging research, enabling the application of techniques that typically require very large sample sizes for model training and advanced and exploratory analytic techniques that go beyond classical machine learning methods. We present a multifaceted sample of these methods and studies involving machine learning principles applied to large scale population studies.
Best Management Practices and Nutrient Reduction: An Integrated Economic-Hydrologic Model of the Western Lake Erie Basin

We develop the first spatially integrated economic-hydrological model of the western Lake Erie basin that explicitly links economic models of farmers' field-level Best Management Practice (BMP) adoption choices with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of nutrient management policies. We quantify the tradeoffs between phosphorus reduction and policy costs and find that a hybrid policy that couples a fertilizer tax with cost-share payments for subsurface placement is the most cost-effective. We also find that economic adoption models can overstate the potential for nutrient reduction by ignoring biophysical complexities and thus demonstrate the importance of coupling economic and biophysical models for efficient policy design.
Recovered transient load analysis for payload structural systems

A recovered transient analysis technique is proposed wherein the results of a previous launch vehicle/payload system can be used to obtain the information on a new payload structure to be launched by an identical launch vehicle. The advantage of the proposed method is that the complete analysis can be performed within the payload organization with the same accuracy as that of a full scale, multiorganizational loads analysis. Also, the flight measured interface accelerations can be used as the forcing functions for more realistic representations of the dynamic environments.
The Cyberphysical Power System Resilience Testbed: Architecture and Applications

The cyberphysical power system resilience testbed implements, tests, verifies, and evaluates cyberphysical resilience solutions for power systems integrated with a communication infrastructure. It offers a platform for real-time simulation of power systems in concert with real-world monitoring, control, and protection.
Utility of Three-Dimensional (3D) Modeling for Planning Structural Heart Interventions (with an Emphasis on Valvular Heart Disease)

Advanced imaging has played a vital role in the contemporary, rapid rise of structural heart interventions. 3D modeling and printing has emerged as one of the most recent imaging tools and the implementation of 3D modeling is expected to increase with further advances in imaging, print hardware, and materials. 3D modeling can be used to educate patients and clinical teams, provide ex vivo procedural simulation, and improve outcomes. Intra-procedural success rates may be improved, and post-procedural complications can be predicted more robustly with appropriate application of 3D modeling. Recent advances in technology have increased the availability of this tool, such that there can be more ready adoption into a routine clinical workflow. Familiarity with 3D modeling and its current utilization and role in structural interventions will help inform how to approach and adapt this exciting new technology.
Statistical inferences on nonconstant relative potency with quantal response data.

Relative potency is widely used in toxicological and pharmacological studies to characterize potency of chemicals. The relative potency of a test chemical compared to a standard chemical is defined as the ratio of equally effective doses (standard divided by test). This classical concept relies on the assumption that the two chemicals are toxicologically similar-that is, they have parallel dose-response curves on log-dose scale-and thus have constant relative potency. Nevertheless, investigators are often faced with situations where the similarity assumption is deemed unreasonable, and hence the classical idea of constant relative potency fails to hold; in such cases, simply reporting a single constant value for relative potency can produce misleading conclusions. Relative potency functions, describing relative potency as a function of the mean response (or other quantities), is seen as a useful tool for handling nonconstant relative potency in the absence of similarity. Often, investigators are interested in assessing nonconstant relative potency at a finite set of some specific response levels for various regulatory concerns, rather than the entire relative potency function; this simultaneous assessment gives rise to multiplicity, which calls for efficient statistical inference procedures with multiplicity adjusted methods. In this paper, we discuss the estimation of relative potency at multiple response levels using the relative potency function, under the log-logistic dose-response model. We further propose and evaluate three approaches to calculating multiplicity-adjusted confidence limits as statistical inference procedures for assessing nonconstant relative potency. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to evaluate the characteristics of the simultaneous limits.
Artificial joint speed feedback for myoelectric prosthesis control

I. Abstract Accurate control of human limbs involves both feedforward and feedback signals. For prosthetic arms, feedforward control is commonly accomplished by recording myoelectric signals from the residual limb to predict the user’s intent, but augmented feedback signals are not explicitly provided in commercial devices. Previous studies have demonstrated inconsistent results when artificial feedback was provided in the presence of vision. We hypothesized that negligible benefits in past studies may have been due to artificial feedback with low precision compared to vision, which results in heavy reliance on vision during reaching tasks. Furthermore, we anticipated more reliable benefits from artificial feedback when providing information that vision estimates with high uncertainty – joint speed. In this study, we test an artificial sensory feedback system providing joint speed information and how it impacts performance and adaptation during a hybrid positional-and-myoelectric ballistic reaching task. We found modest improvement in overall reaching errors after perturbed control, and that high prosthesis control noise was compensated for by strategic overreaching with the positional control and underreaching with the myoelectric control. These results provide insights into the relevant factors influencing the improvements conferred by artificial sensory feedback.
Study length, change process separability, parameter estimation, and model evaluation in hybrid autoregressive-latent growth structural equation models for longitudinal data:

Hybrid autoregressive-latent growth structural equation models for longitudinal data represent a synthesis of the autoregressive and latent growth modeling frameworks. Although these models are con...
Relaxation of strongly coupled binary ionic mixtures in the coupled mode regime

Understanding ion transport in plasma mixtures is essential for optimizing the energy balance in high-energy-density systems. In this paper, we focus on one transport property, ion–ion temperature relaxation in a strongly coupled plasma mixture. We review the physics of temperature relaxation and derive a general temperature relaxation equation that includes dynamical correlations. We demonstrate the fidelity of three popular kinetic models that include only static correlations by comparing them to data from molecular dynamics simulations. We verify the simulations by comparing with laboratory data from ultracold neutral plasmas. By comparing our simulations with high fidelity kinetic models, we reveal the importance of dynamical correlations in collisional relaxation processes. These correlations become increasingly significant as the ion mass ratio in a binary mixture approaches unity.
Ultrahigh fuel utilization in polymer electrolyte fuel cells – Part II: A modeling study

In this paper, ultrahigh fuel utilization (>98%) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is numerically studied to investigate three aspects for this operation strategy: its effect on fuel cell p...
Supreme Court v. Necropolitics: The Chaotic Judicialization of COVID-19 in Brazil

Worldwide, governments have reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic with emergency orders and policies restricting rights to movement, assembly, and education that have impacted daily lives and livelihoods in profound ways. But some leaders, such as President Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil, have resisted taking such steps, denying the seriousness of the pandemic and sabotaging local control measures, thereby compromising population health. Facing one of the world's highest rates of COVID-19 infections and deaths, multiple political actors in Brazil have resorted to judicialization to advance the right to health and other protections in the country. Responding to this litigation has provided the country's Supreme Court an opportunity to assertively confront and counter the executive's necropolitics. In this article, we probe the malleable form and the constitutional basis of the Supreme Court's decisions, assessing their impact on the separation of powers, on the protection of human rights (for example, on those of prisoners, indigenous peoples, and essential workers), and relative to the implementation of evidence-based interventions (for example, lockdowns and vaccination). While the court's actions open up a distinct legal-political field (sometimes called "supremocracy")-oscillating between progressive imperatives, neoliberal valuations, and conservative decisions-the capacity of the judiciary to significantly address systemic violence and to robustly advance human rights remains to be seen.
Vocal Fold Movement and Silent Aspiration After Congenital Heart Surgery.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Infants who undergo congenital heart surgery are at risk of developing vocal fold motion impairment (VFMI) and swallowing difficulties. This study aims to describe the dysphagia in this population and explore the associations between surgical complexity and vocal fold mobility with dysphagia and airway protection. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. METHODS This is a retrospective chart review of infants (age <12 months) who underwent congenital heart surgery between 7/2008 and 1/2018 and received a subsequent videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS). Demographic information, Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (STAT) category of each surgery, vocal fold mobility status, and VFSS findings were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Three hundred and seventy-four patients were included in the study. Fifty-four percent of patients were male, 24% were premature, and the average age at the time of VFSS was 59 days. Sixty percent of patients had oral dysphagia and 64% of patients had pharyngeal dysphagia. Fifty-one percent of patients had laryngeal penetration and 45% had tracheal aspiration. Seventy-three percent of these aspirations were silent. There was no association between surgical complexity, as defined by the STAT category, and dysphagia or airway protection findings. Patients with VFMI after surgery were more likely to have silent aspiration (odds ratio = 1.94, P < .01), even when adjusting for other risk factors. CONCLUSION Infants who undergo congenital heart surgery are at high risk for VFMI and aspiration across all five STAT categories. This study demonstrates the high prevalence of silent aspiration in this population and the need for thorough postoperative swallow evaluation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 2021.
Workforce Outcomes of Program Completers in High-Needs Endorsement Areas

Purpose: For decades, federal and state agencies have identified teacher shortages in high-needs endorsement areas (HNEAs), including science, mathematics, and special education, as a critical prob...
A Novel Cause of Bowel Obstruction in a Patient with Long-Standing Crohn's Disease

Solitary fibrous tumors are rare tumors of mesenchymal origin. Although most often observed in the lung pleura, they have been reported in varied extrapleural sites. A 70-year-old male with complicated Crohn’s disease presented with 3 days of nausea, emesis, constipation, and abdominal pain. Computed Tomography (CT) demonstrated mucosal thickening of the middescending colon, consistent with fibrosing stricture. Surgical excision revealed an unusual, 5 cm mass originating in the subserosa. Histopathology of the lesion was notable for a proliferation of cells with spindle and stellate-shaped nuclei and no appreciable mitotic figures, which extended into the muscularis and submucosa. Immunohistochemistry was STAT6 nuclear positive and cytoplasmic CD34 positive, diagnostic for solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). In this case, the SFT infiltrating into the muscularis propria and subserosa caused the stricture and bowel obstruction. This illustrates that while fibrosing strictures are usually the etiology of bowel obstruction in the setting of Crohn’s disease, other rare possible causes should be considered.
A systematic review of enteric pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in extramural urban aerosols

SUMMARY Background Aerosol transport of enteric microbiota including fecal pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) has been documented in a range of settings but remains poorly understood outside indoor environments. Methods We conducted a PRISMA-adhering systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to summarize evidence on specific enteric pathogens and ARGs that have been measured in aerosol samples in urban settings where the risks of extramural exposure and antibiotic resistance (AR) spread may be highest. We conducted a key word search for articles published within the years 1990-2020 using relevant data sources. Two authors independently conducted the keyword searches in all aforementioned databases and conducted primary and secondary screenings before merging results. To be included, studies contained extractable data on enteric pathogens and AR in extramural aerosols, identified urban related sources if any and reported on qualitative, quantitative, or viability data that was sufficient for interpretation within the three aforementioned groups. Findings Qualitative analyses and metric summaries revealed that enteric microbes and antibiotic resistance have been consistently reported in extramural aerosols, generally via relative abundance measures, though gaps remain preventing full understanding of the role of the aeromicrobiological pathway in the fate and transport of enteric associated extramural aerosols. Interpretation We identified remaining gaps in the evidence base including a need for broad characterization of enteric pathogens in bioaerosols beyond bacterial genera, a need for greater sampling in locations of high enteric disease risk, and a need for quantitative estimation of microbial and nucleic acid densities that may be applied to fate and transport models and in quantitative microbial risk assessment. Funding This study was funded by the National Science Foundation under grant number 1653226. This funding source had no role in the design of this study and had no role during its execution, analyses, interpretation of the data, or decision to submit results.
Poverty Determinants of Acute Respiratory Infections in the Mapuche Population of Ninth Region of Araucanía, Chile (2000–2005): A Bayesian Approach with Time-Space Modeling

This chapter highlights the relationship between poverty and disease among Mapuche indigenous peoples vis-a-vis the local population and ultimately, tests comparative differentials in mortality rates. First of all, we offer an overview of the destitute poverty in which Mapuche live and the consistency among all measurements including Census data, educational achievement scores and vulnerability index from school children. Although aggregate information gives a valuable and fair description of the problem, additional tests and GIS-based maps highlight the internal structures of inequalities among neighborhoods and the sharp territorial contrasts between Mapuche and non-Mapuche living conditions. GIS-based poverty maps display the territorial distributions of deprivation, whereas specific clusters of diseases are tested to verify whether such configurations are random or spatially dependent. Tobbler’s “first law of geography” is discussed and eventually tested in this section. Since the study data is longitudinal, test for autocorrelation is introduced with Bayesian time-space modelling. Conclusively, Mapuche people die at higher rates than non-Mapuches as well as show significantly higher rates of disease. Consistently, this ethnic group also represents the most impoverished and marginalized one of Chilean society, both at regional and national levels.
Utilizing intensive monitoring and simulations for identifying sources of phosphorus and sediment and for directing, siting, and assessing BMPs: The Genesee River example

An assessment of sediment and phosphorus concentrations and load, identification of phosphorus allocation and sources, and the effectiveness of management practices on the main stem (Upper Genesee River, Lower Genesee River) and on the four major Genesee tributaries (Canaseraga, Honeoye, Black, and Oatka Creeks) were conducted. The P load allocation analysis indicated that 60% of the total phosphorus load to Lake Ontario was due to anthropogenic sources and that only 40% was due to natural sources. With a P load of 412,505 kg P/yr, the Genesee River carries the second highest load, after the Niagara River, to Lake Ontario. Such a large P load of anthropogenic origin suggested that a managed reduction in P loss from the Genesee watershed is possible. SWAT was employed to test the effectiveness of best management practices (BMPs) on land use and to determine the minimum potential phosphorus concentration expected in the subcatchments. Simulations of BMPs on both point and nonpoint sources indicated that phosphorus could effectively be maintained within the watershed and out of Lake Ontario, where elevated phosphorus stimulates algae production and is implicated in beach closings in the Rochester Embayment AOC. Using our most effective simulated scenario of grassed waterways and upgrading of wastewater treatment plants to tertiary treatment, a 32.9% (135,714 kg P/yr) reduction in P loading to the nearshore of Lake Ontario was predicted. With this reduction in P, concentrations of 65 μg P/L, which is within the debated target goal of 65 μg TP/L in NYS, were also predicted.
Exponentiation and Analytic Continuation of Heisenberg-Matrix Representations for sℓ(2,ℝ)

This final chapter serves two purposes. First, it rounds out the spectral-theoretic approach to group representations, via the graph-density condition and Phillips perturbations, developed in Parts III and IV of this monograph. Second, it initiates an ongoing program in the representation theory of semi simple Lie groups that is specifically tailored to rigorous treatment of the matrix-operator formalism frequently employed in mathematical physics. (This program therefore differs from the investigations of harmonic analysts, notably Harish-Chandra, both in techniques and in emphasis.)
Measurements of Axial Heat Transport in Helium II with Forced Convection

Although it is well known for its excellent heat transfer qualities, there are definite limitations on the maximum amount of heat that can be transported through helium II. This paper presents the results of an experiment which strongly suggest that forced convection of the fluid (under appropriate circumstances) will be capable of surpassing those limits by some sizable factor. A complete account of the experimental methods and other details is to be published elsewhere [1].
Robert Bly, C.K. Williams & Michael Klein: Corporate Intimacy in Prose Poetry

This advanced project explores the genre of the prose poetry form taking specific note of its shape, sound, and structure. It considers the juxtaposition of intimacy and inclusivity within the form in the prose poetry work of three poets, Robert Bly, C.K. Williams, and Michael Klein. Reader-response theory is also addressed to theoretically ground the conversation and infuse the concept of community and connection in and through this poetic form. Drawing on the accessible and personal nature that prose poetry can invite, this project examines how each poet exemplifies the idea of “created corporate intimacy” as it is applied to all three poets’ work as a means to further discuss the relationship of the reader and writer—and what these writers allow—and that is a sense of intimacy between the speaker of their poems and the readers, and the relational connection of readers.
Control of inducible chemoresistance: Enhanced anti-tumor therapy through increased apoptosis by inhibition of NF-κB

Control of inducible chemoresistance: Enhanced anti-tumor therapy through increased apoptosis by inhibition of NF-κB
Growing Apart in Lock Step

Like our Moon, Pluto's satellite system was probably produced by a giant impact. The orbits of the smaller Nix and Hydra apparently result from interactions with the larger moon Charon.
Application of chemical relaxation to biochemical systems. II. Two-step-reactions

Abstract After the basic differences between ordinary kinetics and those present in chemical relaxation processes are developed, the more important equations are derived, describing the relaxation process of single-step reactions. In kinetics the observed relaxation time constants are connected to the derivable velocity constants and the initial concentrations, which are analytically accessible. Observed overall signals are related to equilibrium constants and initial concentrations in the sections on statics. Observed signal changes due to the temperature jumps are derived as being dependent upon initial concentrations and enthalpies in the sections on thermodynamics. As specific examples for the evaluation of enthalpies, two pH-indicators were chosen. The absorbing indicator phenolred gave ΔH = - 22 kcal/mole, while the fluorescing indicator 4-Methylumbelliferon gave ΔH = - 3 kcal/mole (for their protonic dissociation).
Green tea: biochemical and biological basis for health benefits.

Publisher Summary Green tea beverages originated many thousands of years ago as a medicinal tonic. The historically long use of many folk remedies does not necessary prove their medical usefulness. However, recent evidence based on modern scientific evaluations of green tea appears to support the possibility that green tea compounds, especially catechins, are medically valuable. The chapter focuses on green tea and green tea catechins rather than on fermented teas or catechin by-products that are produced during fermentation. Theaflavins and thearubigins, a complex mixture of catechin condensation products with a heterogeneous molecular weight distribution, are major fermentation products in black tea, which, like catechins, have antioxidant and antitumorigenic activities. Experimental studies on the physiological effects of some polyphenolic tannins from other plants indicate that they also may be beneficial for decreasing serum lipids, reducing blood pressure, and modulating immune responses and for use as antitumorigenic and antibacterial agents and use in food preservation. The chapter discusses that tea polyphenols are widely used as natural antioxidants for prevention of oxidation of edible oils or discoloring of foods.
Amicus Brief -- Riley v. California and United States v. Wurie

Warrantless searches of cell phone memory — after a suspect has been arrested, and after law enforcement has seized the phone — would have been unconstitutional at the time the Fourth Amendment was adopted, and are unconstitutional now. Simply stated, they are unreasonable. And reasonableness — not a categorical warrant requirement — is the “touchstone of Fourth Amendment analysis.”
Treating patients with the NPTC accelerator based proton treatment facility

The Northeast Proton Therapy Center (NPTC) at Massachusetts General Hospital has been treating patients with proton beams since November 2001. Over 200 patients were treated in the first year of operation. This facility has replaced the program at the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory (HCL) where proton treatments had been underway for over three decades. Features such as rotating gantries and deeper proton penetration allow a wider range of clinical applications at this new facility. The requirements of accelerator reproducibility and availability are perhaps at a higher level than those required at an accelerator based physics facility. These requirements and the system performance will be highlighted in this paper. Operation of a proton cyclotron produced by industry (Ion Beam Applications) and the four operating beam lines along with the Gantries and patient-positioning systems will be discussed. Of particular interest in addition to the required availability is the systematic approach to safety and accuracy in the design and implementation.
Progress on a 3D particle-in-cell model of a W-band klystron

Summary form only given. For a significant class of microwave-beam devices, including multibeam tubes and devices with azimuthally asymmetric interaction circuits, two-dimensional models do not provide a description of the key physical phenomena. A fully three-dimensional computational model which captures the kinetic and nonlinear aspects of such devices is required. XOOPIC is in the process of being extended from a 2d electromagnetic PIC code into a 3d parallel code. The 3d code will be applied to modelling a klystron operating in the W-band. The XOOPIC code is presently a 2d particle-in-cell code in r-z and x-y coordinates written in C++. XOOPIC presently runs on Unix platforms ranging from Linux PCs to workstations to MPI-capable parallel computers. Design and initial implementation of an extension from two to three dimensions is described for the XOOPIC code. The code will be applied to a high power klystron.
Thermal control to maximize photovoltaic powered reverse osmosis desalination systems productivity

Abstract Photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis (PV/RO) is a practical method for desalinating water, especially for many small, remote, off-grid communities. It is shown here that thermal control can increase its productivity, making it more economically attractive. A solar panel produces more power at lower cell temperatures and an RO unit produces more fresh water for a given power with increasing water temperature. These complementary behaviors are exploited by cooling the solar panel using the RO feed water, which warms the water. Cooling the solar panel also permits the use of concentrating mirrors, which further increases system production. The control must also prevent overheating of the panel and the RO unit, and to balance the pressures in the system. Here, a controller is designed to meet these objectives. The effectiveness of controller design is verified in simulation and experiment.
Nature of the transient activation of soil microorganisms by ethanol or acetaldehyde

Abstract Low molecular weight alcohols and aldehydes emanating from undecomposed plant residues cause a rapid activation of microbial respiration and growth in soil. To determine the relative utilization of added volatile or endogenous microbial reserves during a transient period of activation, ethanol-1,2- 14 C or acetaldehyde was added to soil. With concentrations of ethanol giving near maximal respiration, 80–90 per cent of the CO 2 evolved in excess of the control came from labelled ethanol. For comparison, similar experiments were performed with spores of Fusarium solani under conditions where ethanol was a required substrate for germination. About 70–90 per cent of the CO 2 evolved in excess of the control came from added ethanol. In both the soil and spore systems enhanced respiration continued for less than 5 hr and ceased when the volatile substrate was depleted. Few endogenous reserves were utilized, and substantial amounts of cellular materials apparently were accumulated during this process. No changes in numbers of soil microorganisms were observed either during the transient activation or during the subsequent 2 weeks.
Identification and quantitative determination of saccharin in biological fluids

Abstract A gas chromatographic method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of urinary and plasma saccharin as its N-methyl derivative has been described. The structure of this derivative was proved by mass spectrometry and by proton and 13C NMR. About 96% of the saccharin was excreted unchanged in the first 24 hr urine collection after oral intake of saccharin by man. This method is relatively simple and rapid and may be adapted for other biological fluids.
SV40 DNA replication intermediates: Analysis of drugs which target mammalian DNA replication

The simian virus 40 chromosome, a model for the mammalian replicon, is a uniquely powerful system for the study of drugs and treatments which target enzymes of the mammalian replication apparatus. High resolution gel electrophoretic analysis of normal and aberrant viral replication intermediates can be used effectively to understand the molecular events of replication failure. These events include breakage of replication forks, aberrant topoisomerase action, failure to separate daughter chromosomes, protein-DNA crosslinking, single and double strand DNA breakage, alterations in topology and inactivation of replication intermediates. The SV40 replication system can also be used to study the recombinational events which often follow drug-induced replication failure.
Asymptotically minimum variance second-order estimation for complex circular processes

This paper addresses asymptotically minimum variance (AMV) of parameter estimators within the class of algorithms based on second-order statistics for estimating parameter of strict-sense stationary complex circular processes. As an application, the estimation of the frequencies of cisoids for mixed spectra time series containing a sum of cisoids and an MA process is considered.
Variance minimization light probe sampling

We present a technique for sampling the light probe image using variance minimization. The technique modifies median cut algorithm for light probe sampling [Debevec 2005] so that the variance of each region is minimized. The algorithm is fast, efficient, and easy to implement.
Mixed incontinence: Do we have the urge to improve the stress?

Mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) may impose a significant negative impact on a woman’s quality of life. Treatment is often challenging, as a single modality, such as oral medications, behavioral modification, or pelvic floor physiotherapy, may be inadequate for alleviating both the urge and stress components. Historically, surgical intervention for MUI has been approached with trepidation, owing to a concern about postoperative worsening of the urge component. Identifying an ideal single treatment also has been made more challenging by the poor characterization of the pathophysiology of MUI. Fortunately, surgical options, such as colposuspensions, bladder neck slings, and midurethral slings, appear to have similarly effective rates of MUI resolution in women. The durability of symptom resolution is being evaluated, as long-term outcomes of the midurethral slings continue to emerge. The presence of concomitant, preoperative detrusor overactivity has not been consistently associated with postoperative outcomes.
Fourth ventricular alloxan injection causes feeding but not hyperglycemia in rats.

Abstract Food intake and blood glucose concentrations were measured in 8 rats immediately following IV ventricular alloxan injections (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μg). Food intake in a 4-h test was significantly elevated after 10, 15 and 20 μg of alloxan, compared to saline control. Blood glucose was not altered by any dose of alloxan, even though a typical hyperglycemic response was obtained when the antiglycolytic agent, 5-thioglucose (5-TG), was injected through the same cannula. The ability of alloxan to stimulate feeding without evoking a hyperglycemic response suggests that alloxan's interaction with brain cells is relatively selective. Furthermore, these data support the hypothesis that alloxan interacts with brain cells normally involved in initiation of feeding behavior. The possibility that alloxan stimulates feeding by inhibition of glucose metabolism is discussed.
Early myocardial lesions in encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus infected mice

The encephalomyocarditis virus readily produces myocarditis in mice. Early histopathological changes in the myocardium of both newborn and adult mice are described and discussed. The histological changes noted in the myocardium conform with the presence of EMC virus crystals noted in the myocardial fibres by electron microscopy. These findings suggest that the myocardial damage is produced by direct invasion by the virus which enters the cells during infection. The relationship of EMC viral infection to cardiac disease in man is yet to be determined, but mice provide an excellent model for studying the pathology and natural history of viral myocarditis and other lesions of the heart.
Going forward or in reverse with GABA neurotransmission: Reviews and comments on alcohol research

Abstract This section of the journal is designed to provide readers with reviews of recent literature, and to stimulate research on questions that are important is the treatment and prevention of alcohol addiction. Research can provide insight into the causes of alcohol abuse and addiction, as well as answers to questions concerning the biomedical and psychological consequences of alcohol consumption. The ideas and critique expressed in this department are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the editor, editorial board, or publisher of Alcohol . Reference to the original articles is recommended before quoting any of this material in scientific publications.
The convergence of coupled-cluster methods for Be2

Abstract The convergence of coupled-cluster calculations of the beryllium dimer potential energy curve is examined. Different levels of coupled-cluster theory have been shown to give qualitatively different potential energy curves for Be2 when a 7s3p1d basis set is employed. However, the differences between the potential energy curves are much less dramatic in the complete-basis-set limit. Bartlett's recently reported coupled-cluster singles and doubles with fifth-order triples and quadruples, CCSD+TQ*(CCSD), method combined with extrapolation to the complete-basis-set limit results in good agreement with the experimental vibrational frequencies.