cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trichoderma: a review of biology and systematics of the genus

Species of Trichoderma , a genus of hyphomycetes, are ubiquitous in the environment, but especially in soils. They have been used or encountered in many human activities, including commercial applications in production of enzymes and biological control of plant disease. They are the cause of disease in commercially produced mushrooms, and have been identified as causal agents of disease in immunosuppressed humans. Knowledge about what constitutes a species of Trichoderma , or about interspecific relationships, has not kept pace with the expanding number of applications or frequency of encounter of Trichoderma by biotechnologists, plant pathologists and medical personnel. This review presents an overview of the interaction between humans and Trichoderma , and a more intensive review of knowledge of systematics and taxonomy of the genus.
Computer–based technologies and their impact on manufacturing flexibility

This paper is based on an empirical study of one hundred and sixty five business units in three US industry groups. The industry groups are industrial machinery equipment, electronic and electric machinery equipment, and transportation equipment. The two–digit Industrial Classification Codes (SIC) for these industries are 35, 36, and 37 respectively. The three industry groups are characterized as technology–intensive industries. The main goal of this paper is three–fold. Firstly, a conceptual model that relates computer–based technologies, hereafter CBTs to manufacturing flexibility was introduced. Secondly, a technology assessment equation was developed. Finally, the relationships stated in our conceptual model are tested empirically.
Variance function estimation in multivariate nonparametric regression with fixed design

Variance function estimation in multivariate nonparametric regression is considered and the minimax rate of convergence is established in the iid Gaussian case. Our work uses the approach that generalizes the one used in [A. Munk, Bissantz, T. Wagner, G. Freitag, On difference based variance estimation in nonparametric regression when the covariate is high dimensional, J. R. Stat. Soc. B 67 (Part 1) (2005) 19-41] for the constant variance case. As is the case when the number of dimensions d=1, and very much contrary to standard thinking, it is often not desirable to base the estimator of the variance function on the residuals from an optimal estimator of the mean. Instead it is desirable to use estimators of the mean with minimal bias. Another important conclusion is that the first order difference based estimator that achieves minimax rate of convergence in the one-dimensional case does not do the same in the high dimensional case. Instead, the optimal order of differences depends on the number of dimensions.
Cryogenic structure of frozen soils and thermal erosion in zone of arterial canal

Natural conditions along the route of the arterial gravity-flow Tuora-Kyuel’ – Tatta Canal in Central Yakutia are examined. Characteristics of the grain-size distribution and cryogenic structure of the frozen soils, and the velocity of the water flow are isolated for prediction of washout (thermal erosion).
A possible infrared intensity standard

Abstract A KBr disk containing magnesium hydroxide, p -cyanobenzene and anthracene is proposed as a possible infrared intensity standard. A suitable standard intensity sample for infrared spectroscopy should satisfy a number of criteria : well-spaced absorption bands of appropriate intensity, ease of preparation, long-term chemical and physical stability. Although a number of gases provide well-spaced sharp bands, such a sample would be inconvenient for many laboratories to handle and the long-term storage characteristics are questionable. A liquid sample is perhaps the easiest to prepare, but change of density of the sample as well as cell thickness with temperature is a concern. On the other hand, a solid sample appears to have only the drawback of its original preparation. A very convenient sample would be an appropriately impure optical crystal which was non-hygroscopic. Barium fluoride is non-hygroscopic, but its long-wave-length cutoff of about twelve microns might cause some inconvenience. Clearly KBr or CsBr would make available a wider frequency range if susceptibility to water were not objectionable.
DEMOGRAPHY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY

Abstract This paper examines several aspects of the population dynamics of the Mediterranean fruit fly using four different methods: conventional life table analysis, Leslie matrix projections, an eradication model and a standard formula for computing the probability of establishment based on birth and death rates. Interpretation of the results focuses chiefly on implications for medfly control and eradication. These include consideration of the notions that adults comprise only about 4% of the total in a growing population, roughly 80% of the total population may be removed from a field or an orchard at harvest (eggs + larvae), age structure of the adult population at the time of spraying may have profound effects on the success of the program and the probability of a medfly population becoming established from only a few founding individuals appears to be quite high. The current study was designed as a first analysis of the population dynamics of this pest using data from previously-published laboratory studies. Hence its usefulness is primarily for strategic planning and not for day-today management.
Taking Charge: Adolescents with Learning Disabilities Assume Responsibility for Their Own Writing

Adolescents with learning disabilities (LD) often find expository writing among the most difficult academic skills to master. These students typically experience a great deal of failure with writing and become dependent upon others — mainly the teacher — for ideas and “quality control.” Such dependence on external sources hinders the development of higher-level cognitive skills required of effective writers. This study examined how a powerful writing strategy, Cognitive Strategy Instruction in Writing (CSIW), helped enable a group of seventh-graders with LD to take over responsibility for their own writing performance and to scaffold one another's writing development. Extensive teacher modeling and scaffolding, collaboration throughout the writing process, and a set of structuring think-sheets enabled these students to move beyond the “learned helplessness” so common among adolescents with learning disabilities; they came to see themselves as genuine writers and to employ the writing process as a tool for...
A microtiter plate assay for assessing the interaction of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E with eIF4G and eIF4E binding protein-1.

Abstract Modulation of interactions among proteins is an important mechanism for regulating both the subcellular location and the function of proteins. An example of the importance of protein–protein interaction is the reversible association of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E with the eIF4E binding proteins 4E-BP1 and eIF4G. When bound to 4E-BP1, eIF4E cannot bind to eIF4G to form the active eIF4F complex, an event that is required for the binding of mRNA to the ribosome. Thus, association of eIF4E with 4E-BP1 represses mRNA translation by preventing the binding of mRNA to the ribosome. Previous studies have measured the amount of 4E-BP1 or eIF4G bound to eIF4E by either affinity chromatography or immunoprecipitation of eIF4E followed by Western blot analysis for quantitation of 4E-BP1 and eIF4G. Both of these techniques have significant limitations. In the present study, we describe a microtiter plate-based assay for quantitation of the amount of 4E-BP1 and eIF4G bound to eIF4E that obviates many of the limitations of the earlier approaches. It also has the advantage that absolute amounts of the individual proteins can be easily estimated. The approach should be applicable to the study of a wide variety of protein–protein interactions.
Association of Low Reproductive Rates and High Contaminant Levels in Bald Eagles on Green Bay, Lake Michigan

Abstract Bald eagles ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ) nesting on the shores of Green Bay, Lake Michigan, had reproductive rates significantly lower than those of neighboring eagles nesting in inland Wisconsin (0.55 vs. 1.1 young per occupied territory). This study investigated effects of two factors which have depressed eagle reproductive rates at other locations: exposure to organochlorine contaminants and low food availability. Levels of dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) and total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in addled eggs and eaglet blood samples from Lake Michigan and inland Wisconsin reference sites were measured. An index to food availability, the food delivery rates by parent eagles to nestlings, and other behavioral indices that have been associated with food availability, were measured and compared to inland reference data. Mean contaminant concentrations in addled eggs from Green Bay were 8.3 μg/g wet weight DDE and 31.3 μg/g wet weight total PCBs (1987 to 1996, n = 9). Mean concentrations in nestling blood plasma were 53 μg/kg wet weight DDE and 207 μg/kg wet weight total PCBs (1987 to 1995, n = 8). Indices of food availability were generally normal in comparison to inland reference data. Mean food delivery rate to the nestlings was 2.55 items per nestling per day (n = 7 nests). None of the behavioral measures differed significantly from inland reference values, suggesting that prey was adequate. It was concluded that organochlorine contaminants caused all or most of the depression in reproductive rates of Green Bay bald eagles.
Exit chloride, enter glutamate.

The in vitro reconstitution of vesicular glutamate transport reveals that the transporter itself antiports chloride ions and suggests that extracellular chloride concentrations may determine neurotransmitter refilling and quantal size.
The microstructure of neutron irradiated rapidly solidified path a prime candidate alloys

A preliminary microstructural characterization has been carried out for Path A Prime Candidate Alloy after neutron irradiation to a dose of about 5 dpa at temperatures from 573 to 873/sup 0/K. A conventionally processed alloy has been compared with a rapid solidification processed alloy without finding a large difference in the irradiation response at this dose. Both annealed and cold worked states were studied; in addition, a third alloy containing double the TiC content of the Prime Candidate Alloy was evaluated. Voids were observed to form only at temperatures greater than 673/sup 0/K, with density greater than 10/sup 21/m/sup -3/ in most cases, except for the cold worked alloys irradiated at 873/sup 0/K. A large number of small voids were observed, often associated with dislocations or particles, whose future development at higher doses is viewed as critical for a valid comparison between the conventional and rapid solidification processed alloys.
Intelligent Painting Process Planner for Robotic Bridge Painting

Due to increased government regulations on environment, health, and safety, the cost of on-site bridge painting has quadrupled over the past several years. The construction industry faces a great challenge in how to control the increased costs of bridge painting and meet the regulations at the same time. A possible solution to address this challenge is to develop a robotic bridge painting system. The development of the robotic system can be justified by the potential improvements in safety and productivity. This paper presents the development and testing of an Intelligent Painting Process Planner. The Planner, built based on bridge feature scheme, is the key component for the robotic bridge painting system that integrates the painting process planning, robot path planning, cost optimization, and quality control functions. During the development process, lab experiments were conducted to determine the values of painting process planning parameters and coating thickness distribution functions. Field tests demonstrated that the prototype robotic bridge painting system achieved the specified painting quality using the parameter values provided by the Planner. Areas that need to be improved in the future were also identified.
Nutritional Reserves of Autogenous and Anautogenous Selected Strains of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Autogeny in Aedes albopictus (Skuse) females was increased from 5% in wild-type parental stock to 84% by selection through 20 generations and was decreased to 0% by selection through nine generations. Concomitantly, the mean number of eggs per female that matured autogenously increased from 6.4 to 18.3 in sugar-fed mosquitoes that developed eggs. Although the duration of the larval period of the two strains was not different, autogenous females emerged with greater amounts of metabolizable protein and lipid and total available energy reserves than did anautogenous females, but with lesser amounts of glycogen. Dry weights did not differ significantly. The difference in the energy reserves between strains was slightly more than the total energy invested in 20 autogenous eggs. Autogenous females survived 1.3 d longer than did anautogenous females when starved from emergence.
The Behavior of a Barotropic Eddy on a β-Plane

Abstract An experimental method for producing an isolated eddy in a laboratory tank is described, along with the simple viscous theory of the behavior of the eddy in an ordinary cylindrical tank without the β-effect. The linear inviscid theory incorporating the β-effect is then developed as an initial value problem, and the solution is found as a summation of normal Rossby wave modes of the basin. This theoretical solution is compared with results from laboratory experiments and with numerical simulations obtained for the “sliced-cylinder” laboratory model. It is found that nonlinear effects lead to a cyclonic circulation in the northern half of the tank and an anticyclonic circulation in the southern half. Two simple models are developed to account for these induced circulations.
A standard-cell placement tool for designs with high row utilization

In this paper we study the correlation between wirelength and routability for standard-cell placement problem, under the modern place-and-route environment. We present a placement tool named Dragon (version 2.1), and show its ability to produce good quality placement for designs with high row utilization. Compared to an industrial placer and an academic state-of-the-art placer, Dragon can produce placement with better routability and shorter total wirelength. We describe many novel algorithmic details and implementation details of this placement tool. Experimental results show that minimizing wirelength improves routability and layout quality.
Short-Term Repeatability of Measurements of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Feces of Feedlot Cattle

Short-term stability of measurements of antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from feces of feedlot cattle is important in developing monitoring and surveillance programs. Frequent evalu- ations (i.e., daily) are resource intensive and in some situations may be impractical for long-term sampling protocols. Consequently, a point-in-time measurement will need to be used to represent conditions in the per- isampling period. In this study, 30 fecal samples were collected from each of 6 cattle pens on a commercial cattle feedlot on 2 occasions separated by 48 hours. Escherichia coli was isolated from single and pooled samples. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility against a panel of 17 antimicrobials. Resistance to 5 antimicrobials (ampicillin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline) was detected in single and pooled samples from both sampling periods (days 1 and 3). The prevalence of isolates resistant to these 5 antimicrobials was 2% or higher in all treatment combinations except for pools obtained from day 3 samples. Lower levels of resistance to 6 more antimicrobials were detected inconsistently across the single and pooled samples. Logistic models constructed for the antimicrobials to which the E. coli isolates were most commonly resistant demonstrated that there were no significant differences between periods (P. 0.10) and between single and pooled samples (P. 0.20). The distribution of the number of antimicrobials to which isolates were resistant was consistent for the single samples across periods, but there appeared to be a lower prevalence of any resistance in day 1 pooled samples. A larger number of resistant phenotypes were detected in the single samples than in the pooled samples, and resistant phenotypes with prevalence of less than 2% were detected inconsistently across periods and single and pooled samples. Resistance to individual antimicro- bials was consistent by all measures when the prevalence was at least 2%. Inconsistent results were obtained for antimicrobials to which resistance rarely occurred. The apparent inconsistencies do not appear to be related to external factors but rather to sampling intensity. Short-term stability is a plausible assumption under sampling strategies that are designed to detect specific levels of prevalence. However, when resistance levels fall below these levels, there will likely be fluctuations in the presence or absence of rare resistant phenotypes and in their prevalence and central tendency measures.
Copying, Counterfeiting, and Capitalism in Contemporary China: Jingdezhen’s Porcelain Industry

Eight months of ethnographic fieldwork in Jingdezhen between 2003 and 2006 revealed that copying and counterfeiting dominated porcelain production. Ideas about markets and the organization of produ...
Truncated Newton’s optimization scheme for absorption and fluorescence optical tomography: Part II reconstruction from synthetic measurements

Using two dimensional synthetic frequency-domain measurements, the inverse imaging problem is solved for absorption and fluorescence lifetime mapping with the truncated Newton’s optimization scheme developed in Part I of this contribution. Herein, we present reconstructed maps of absorption owing to a fluorophore from excitation and emission measurements which detail the presence of tissue heterogeneities characterized by tenfold increase in fluorescent contrast agent. Our results confirm that fluorescence provides superior mapping of heterogeneities over excitation measurements. Using emission measurements we then map fluorescent lifetime under conditions of tenfold uptake of contrast agent in tissue heterogeneities. The ability to map fluorescent quenching and lengthening of contrast agents facilitates the solution of the inverse problem and further improves the ability to reconstruct tissue heterogeneities.
Estimating Data for Incapacitation of People by Fire Smoke

Fire hazard and risk analyses establish the basis for providing conditions of safety for people, including those that are more sensitive to fire smoke than others. For this purpose, this paper develops a method for estimating, from information on lethal and incapacitating exposures for rats, smoke toxic potency values for incapacitation of smoke-sensitive people. For those engineering applications where the mix of combustibles is unknown, generic values are derived of the concentration of smoke that would incapacitate smoke-sensitive people in 5 min: 6 g/m3 for a well-ventilated fire and 3 g/m3 for an underventilated (e.g., post-flashover) fire. These values are estimated with significant assumptions in their derivation, resulting in an estimated uncertainty of about a factor of two. Further, there is a wide range of smoke toxic potency values reported for various combustibles, and some of these will lead to values significantly higher or lower than these generic figures.
The Complexities of Globalized Content Management

This article provides a critical overview of the challenges that content management poses for technical communicators who work on multilingual projects. These issues include determining whether to ...
Immigrant Youth Mental Health, Acculturation, and Adaptation

Immigrant youth make up an increasingly significant part of the national Catholic school population. This article discusses the challenges facing all immigrant youth, with special attention given to the Hispanic community.
Target Tracking via Crowdsourcing: A Mechanism Design Approach

In this paper, we propose a crowdsourcing-based framework for myopic target tracking by designing an optimal incentive-compatible mechanism in a wireless sensor network (WSN) containing sensors that are selfish and profit-motivated. In typical WSNs which have limited bandwidth, the fusion center (FC) has to distribute the total number of bits that can be transmitted from the sensors to the FC among the sensors. In the formulation considered here, the FC conducts an auction by soliciting bids from the selfish sensors, which reflect how much they value their energy cost. Furthermore, the rationality and truthfulness of the sensors are guaranteed in our model. The final problem is formulated as a multiple-choice knapsack problem (MCKP), which is solved by the dynamic programming method in pseudo-polynomial time. Simulation results show the effectiveness of our proposed approach in terms of both the tracking performance and lifetime of the sensor network.
Single error correcting and double error detecting coding scheme

A new coding technique for single error correction and double error detection in computer memory systems is proposed. The number of 1s in the parity check matrix for the proposed coding is fewer than all currently available codes for this purpose, except in two cases when they are almost equal to that obtained by Hsiao code. This results in simplified encoding and decoding circuitry for error detection and correction.
Information Systems and Developing Countries: Failure, Success, and Local Improvisations

This article presents evidence that--alongside the successes-- many information systems in developing countries can be categorized as failing either totally or partially. It then develops a new model that seeks to explain the high rates of failure. The model draws on contingency theory in order to advance the notion of design-actuality gaps: the match or mismatch between IS designs and local user actuality. This helps identify two high-risk archetypes that affect IS in developing countries: country context gaps and hard-soft gaps. The model is also of value in explaining the constraints that exist to local IS improvisations in developing countries. Overall, the article shows how model and theory help understand IS cases in developing countries, and equally, how those cases provide valuable data to help develop IS models and theories.
Biologic approaches to enhance rotator cuff healing after injury

Background Despite the advances in surgical procedures to repair the rotator cuff, there is a high incidence of failure. Biologic approaches, such as growth factor delivery and stem cell and gene therapy, are potential targets for optimization to improve the outcome of rotator cuff therapies and reduce rates of reinjury. This article outlines the current evidence for growth factor and stem cell therapy in tendon healing and the augmentation of rotator cuff repair. Methods Literature on the PubMed–National Center for Biotechnology Information database was searched using the keywords growth factor, factor, gene therapy, stem cell, mesenchymal, or bone marrow in combination with rotator cuff, supraspinatus, or infraspinatus . Articles that studied growth factors or stem cells alone in rotator cuff repair were selected. Only 3 records showed use of stem cells in rotator cuff repair; thus, we expanded our search to include selected studies on stem cells and Achilles or patellar tendon repairs. Bibliographies and proceedings of meetings were searched to include additional applicable studies. We also included hitherto unpublished data by our group on the use of stem cell transplantation for rotator cuff therapy. Results More than 70 articles are summarized, with focus on recent original research papers and significant reviews that summarized earlier records. Conclusions Use of growth factors, stem cell therapy, and other tissue-engineering means serve to augment classical surgical rotator cuff repair procedures. The combination of stem cells and growth factors resulted in enhanced repair that emulated uninjured tissue, but the literature search reflected paucity of research in this field. Preclinical evidence from gene therapy and stem cell studies can be used as a start to move therapy from the experimental phase to clinical translation in patients. Level of evidence Review Article.
Alterations in Ca2+ cycling by lysoplasmenylcholine in adult rabbit ventricular myocytes

We previously reported that lysoplasmenylcholine (LPlasC) altered the action potential (AP) and induced afterdepolarizations in rabbit ventricular myocytes. In this study, we investigated how LPlas...
Electronic structure and optical properties of PbS and PbSe quantum dots

The electronic structure of spherical PbS and PbSe quantum dots is calculated with a four-band envelope-function formalism. This calculation accounts for both exciton energies and wave functions with the correct symmetry of the materials. The selection rules and the strength of the dipole transitions of lead-salt quantum dots are derived accounting for the symmetry of the band-edge Bloch functions of the lead salts. The calculated energies of the optically allowed exciton states are found to be in good agreement with experimental data. The effects of many-body perturbations, such as Coulomb interactions and intervalley scattering, are also discussed.
Airline Pilots' Perceptions of and Experiences in Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training

We surveyed over 30,000 airline pilots to assess their perceptions of and experiences in their professional training. In this paper, we describe their responses to a series of questions that focus on Crew Resource Management (CRM) training. The results suggest that most pilots are satisfied with their CRM training and find it useful. However, the respondents indicated that training programs which integrate CRM principles throughout the entire curriculum are substantially more useful than stand-alone CRM training courses.
Clinical and In-hospital Process Variables Are Associated With Hospital Length-of-Stay in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients (P6.246)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between in-hospital care processes, hospital length of stay (LOS) and clinical outcomes in patients with minor stroke. BACKGROUND: For patients with ischemic stroke, the initial hospitalization significantly impacts long-term outcomes and accounts for the largest portion of healthcare costs. We hypothesize that hospital length-of-stay (LOS) is correlated with clinical characteristics, in-hospital care processes, and long-term clinical outcomes. DESIGN/METHODS: A single center retrospective chart analysis using electronic health record data was performed on a cohort of mild ischemic stroke patients. Inclusion criteria included: 1) Age 蠅 18 years old, 2) Diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke, 3) Hospital length-of-stay less than 3 days, and 4) Discharge to home. Patients were grouped according to hospital length-of-stay. Clinical characteristics and time to obtain neurological consultation, imaging studies, and therapies were calculated. Return ED visits within 1 year of initial encounter were recorded and differentiated by vascular versus other cause of return encounter. RESULTS: 95 patients were identified. There was no statistically significant difference in presence of vascular risk factors, premorbid mRS, or NIHSS score across groups. Inpatient therapy evaluations took place later in patients with LOS>1 day (p < 0.01), suggesting opportunities for improvement for this process. Patients discharged within 1 day were less likely to return to ED within 1 year of event than patients discharged after longer LOS. CONCLUSIONS: For mild ischemic stroke patients, time to physical therapy evaluation (an in-hospital care process) was associated with LOS and likelihood of return to ED, whereas clinical factors (including mRS, NIHSS score, infarct location) were not. This suggests coordination of inpatient care processes, in addition to assessing and treating co-morbidities, could impact hospital LOS and, perhaps, long-term outcome. Disclosure: Dr. Kim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Conley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kalanithi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tai has nothing to disclose.
Effects of Acute and Repeated Administration of Oxycodone and Naloxone-Precipitated Withdrawal on Intracranial Self-Stimulation in Rats

Incidence of prescription opioid abuse and overdose, often led by oxycodone, continues to increase, producing twice as many overdose deaths as heroin. Surprisingly, preclinical reports relevant to oxycodone's abuse-related effects are relatively sparse considering its history and patient usage. The goal of this study was to characterize dose- and time-dependent effects of acute and repeated oxycodone administration in a frequency-rate intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure, an assay often predictive of drug-related reinforcing effects, in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We hypothesized that oxycodone would produce a biphasic profile of rate-increasing and rate-decreasing effects maintained by ICSS similar to μ-opioid receptor agonists. Oxycodone (0.03, 0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg, s.c.) produced dose- and time-dependent alterations on ICSS, with the predicted biphasic profile of rate-increasing effects at lower stimulation frequencies followed by rate-decreasing effects at higher frequencies. Peak effects were observed between 30 and 60 minutes, which were reversed by naloxone pretreatment (30 minutes). Tolerance to rate-decreasing effects was observed over a 5-day period when rats were treated with 1 mg/kg oxycodone twice a day. Subsequently, the dosing regimen was increased to 3 mg/kg twice a day over 10 days, although further marked tolerance did not develop. When then challenged with 10 mg/kg naloxone, a significant suppression below baseline levels of ICSS-maintained responding occurred indicative of dependence that recovered to baseline within 5 hours. The results of this study provide the first report of acute and chronic effects of oxycodone on responding maintained by ICSS presentation and the use of ICSS-maintained responding to characterize its tolerance and dependence effects.
Organic Micropollutants in Seasonal Snowcover and Firn

Large areas of many temperate countries receive significant proportions of their total annual precipitation as snowfall and it makes up the primary source of precipitation in polar areas. Importantly, spring snow-melt is commonly the largest annual hydrologic event in temperate and polar areas and as such may be responsible for transporting pollutants rapidly over long distances. Lake sediments have been used to provide a crude temporal record of organic contaminant accumulation in the environment from the atmosphere and elsewhere. However, the chronicle of micropollutant contamination frozen in polar and alpine glaciers has, to date, received only limited attention. This has been the case despite the much improved temporal resolution possible in glaciers over that of most lake sediments, especially in the polar extremes where lake sedimentation rates tend to be very low.
Destruction of aflatoxins on peanuts by oven- and microwave-roasting

Effects of oven and microwave roasting on aflatoxin-contaminated peanuts were studied. In artificially contaminated peanuts, oven-roasting for 30 min at 150°C or microwave-roasting for 8.5 min at 0.7 kW were equally effective in destroying 30 to 45% of AFB1. Analysis was performed by the Best Food method followed by thin-layer chromatography and densitospectrometry. In naturally contaminated peanuts, both oven- and microwave-roasting were equally effective in destroying 48 to 61% of AFB1 and 32 to 40% of aflatoxin G1 (AFG1).
Towards a Business School of Arts and Sciences

When Dean Gautschi asked me to present my ideas at this Fordham Consortium, he said two things: 1) say something about arts and business, and 2) be provocative. I confess I am in no way an expert on the former, but possibly more capable of the latter. So let me try to sketch out my thinking, which I will directly connect with the reason we are gathering: to examine the purpose of business and the role of the business school. In my first part I will sketch out the various relationships between arts and business: the hegemony of business (business > arts), the arts as market maker (arts> business), and equivalence of arts and business as fundamental human expressions of life (arts= business). In the second part, I will infer what we can learn from that discussion about the purpose of business. To ease that transfer I invoke the analogy of the brain as left-sided (linear, routine, useful in commerce and science) and right-sided (intuitive, emotive, visual, and necessary to appreciate culture, arts, and creativity). I argue that in the a) hegemony of business mode, all purposes that serve the linear, rational mode of the left side of the brain e.g. shareholder value maximization will be acceptable. For the b) arts as market maker mode, all business purposes must speak to the right side of the brain (e.g. any form of value creation). For the c) equivalence of arts and business mode, the purpose of the business must present purposes that engage both parts of the brain simultaneously, e.g. inspire and function at the same time (Google’s mission of making the worlds information available). In my final part I sketch out what that could all mean for the role of the business school. I am concluding that given the need for massive innovation, the current inability of business schools to foster that innovation we need to rethink the business school. Borrowing from Daniel Pink’s argument about the whole mind, I suggest that we need a business school that educates the left brain (linear, routine) and the right brain (creative and purposeful). Because the business school at a university needs to be more than a vocational school, I suggest that we can learn from the traditional Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Why not create a business school of arts and sciences that focuses on business related problems by invoking both sides of the brain, left (science) and right (arts).
The Water Molecule in Na6[AlSiO4]6 Sodalite†

The behavior of a water molecule in Na6[AlSiO4]6 sodalite has been investigated using density functional calculations. The lowest energy position of the molecule is near the plane of the 6-ring window which does not contain a Na ion. The molecule is oriented to form hydrogen bonds with two of the framework oxygens and to interact with a Na ion in a nearby window. In this configuration the energy is 0.58 eV below the energy of the isolated water molecule plus that of anhydrous sodalite. Several tests indicate that most of the binding energy is due to the interaction of the oxygen with the Na ion. An analysis of electronic density for the lowest energy position shows that, when the molecule is put in contact with sodalite, charge is transferred from the water molecule to the spaces between the hydrogen atoms and the framework oxygens and between the water molecule oxygen and the nearest Na framework ion. Other bonding sites are above the plane of a 6-ring window occupied by a Na ion and above a 4-ring window.
High-Yield Synthesis of PPh3-Ligated Decanuclear Tl–Pd Cluster, Pd9[Tl(acac)](CO)9(PPh3)6: Comparative Analysis of Tl(I)–Pd(0) Bonding Connectivities with Known Tl–Pd Clusters and Resulting Insight Concerning Their Dissimilar Dynamic Solution Behavior

The new Tl(I)–Pd(0) cluster Pd9[μ3/3-Tl(acac)](μ2-CO)6(μ3-CO)3(PPh3)6 (1) was prepared in high yields (over 90%), both by reaction of Pd10(CO)12(PPh3)6 (4), PPh3, and TlPF6 in THF in the presence o...
Associations of Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms With Venous Thromboembolism Over 22 Years in Women

Background-—Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been linked to myocardial infarction and stroke in women, with biological and behavioral mechanisms implicated in underlying risk. The third most common cardiovascular illness, venous thromboembolism (VTE), is a specific health risk for women. Given previous associations with other cardiovascular diseases, we hypothesized that high levels of trauma and PTSD symptoms would be associated with higher risk of incident VTE in younger and middle-aged women. Methods and Results-—We used proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for new-onset VTE (960 events) over 22 years in 49 296 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Compared to no trauma exposure, both trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with increased risk of developing VTE, adjusting for demographics, family history, and childhood adiposity. Women with the most PTSD symptoms exhibited the greatest risk elevation: trauma/6 to 7 symptoms: HR=2.42 (95% CI, 1.83–3.20); trauma/4 to 5 symptoms: HR=2.00 (95% CI, 1.55–2.59); trauma/1 to 3 symptoms: HR=1.44 (95% CI, 1.12–1.84); trauma/no symptoms: HR=1.72 (95% CI, 1.43–2.08). Results were similar, although attenuated, when adjusting for VTE-relevant medications, medical conditions, and health behaviors. Conclusions-—Women with the highest PTSD symptom levels had nearly a 2-fold increased risk of VTE compared to women without trauma exposure in fully adjusted models. Trauma exposure alone was also associated with elevated VTE risk. Trauma and PTSD symptoms may be associated with a hypercoagulable state. Treatment providers should be aware that women with trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms may be vulnerable to VTE. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5:e003197 doi: 10.1161/ JAHA.116.003197)
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Characteristics of Jets from Oxygen Lance in BOF Steelmaking

Combining the standard k ~ ω model with the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes( RANS) equations,a compressible,non-isothermal and three-dimensional CFD model was developed for the multiple nozzle supersonic jets in top-blown steelmaking convertor,and the validity of the model was verified by experiment.The effect of temperature field on molecule viscosity of fluid was considered,and the dynamic properties of jets were studied in different temperature fields.The results showed that ambient temperature makes a great influence on jets velocity,temperature and density distributions.With the increase of ambient temperature,the jets density decreases,their velocity attenuation is slower,velocity is higher and radial expanding of jets is much easier.Jet is more likely to coalescence in lower ambient temperature.As jets travel in axial direction,the effect of ambient temperature on jets dynamic pressure tends to negligible.That is to say,the effect of the ambient temperature on the impacting force of jets on the bath is weakened,but impinging area increases with the increase of ambient temperature.
Teaching about Professional Boundaries in the Medical School Curriculum

Greater emphasis on the behavioral sciences and humanities in medical education is needed for medical students to understand how to develop and maintain professional relationships. However, students often report little teaching about professional boundaries and ways to navigate the challenges of maintaining appropriate boundaries. One particular boundary issue that physicians may encounter is a dual relationship with a patient, such as occurs when a person receives medical intervention from a physician-relative. No study that we are aware of has assessed students’ attitudes toward treating relatives, and this subject does not appear to be frequently discussed in medical curricula. With greater emphasis on teaching behavioral ethics, students will be better informed and can share opinions about guidelines surrounding treatment. They can also better understand the interaction among attitudes and assessments that determine whether treatment should take place. This will aid them in providing patient-centered, culturally-sensitive care.
Research on ignition sequence control reliability for solid rocket motor ground test

This paper analyzes the ignition control circuit for solid rocket motor ground tests and its three main parts: AC relay, electromagnetic relay and lead wire.The latter is about 300m in lengthSimulation shows that the lead wire could produce a selfreduction voltage to interfere the circuit during ignition and in presetting ignition current before firingThe measures for improving the sequence control accuracy, ignition reliability and circuit safety are researched
Use of sildenafil citrate in treatment of Taiwanese men with erectile dysfunction: a single center experience.

Background We evaluated the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in the treatment of Taiwanese men with erectile dysfunction in the post-marketing era. Methods From March 24, 1999 to September 30, 1999, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of Sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction. We used questions 3 and 4 of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) as objective efficacy end-points. The patients used a home medication diary to record the subjective efficacy and side effects of sildenafil and their satisfaction with this drug as well as that of their sexual partners. Results There were 415 patients with erectile dysfunction in our survey. Their ages ranged from 29 to 85 years old with a mean of 60 years. Of these, 212 patients (51.1%) returned their home medication diaries. The satisfaction rate of these patients was 81.6% and the satisfaction rate of their sexual partners was 71.2%. About 71% of these patients achieved more than 60% rigidity. The most common side effect was facial flushing (45.8%), followed by dizziness (13.7%), visual disturbances (10.8%), headache (8%), nasal congestion (8%) and dyspepsia (4.7%). Conclusion Sildenafil citrate is an effective oral medication for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in Taiwanese men. Our study noted more facial flushing and visual disturbances than other studies. These side effects were transient and well tolerated by most of the patients.
Active transport of potassium by the cecropia midgut. VI. Microelectrode potential profile.

1. The potential profile recorded as a microelectrode is advanced from the blood side through the isolated midgut of Hyalophora cecropia consists of negative plateaus followed by a large positive step to the full midgut potential. 2. Oxygen deprivation diminishes both the positive step and the midgut potential; the negative plateaus are not affected. 3. Changes in the potassium concentration in the blood-side solution affect both the negative plateaus and the midgut potential; the large positive step remains about the same. 4. From these results it is concluded that the positive step is probably produced by the electrogenic potassium pump and that the negative steps are due to a potassium equilibrium potential. 5. The discrete and independent nature of the negative and positive potentials argues that there are two barriers separating a ‘midgut’ compartment from the two bathing solutions. 6. It is inferred that the epithelial cells are the site of the profile negativity and therefore that they constitute the ‘midgut’ compartment. This interpretation implies that the potassium equilibrium potential appears across the basal cell membranes and that electrogenic pump potential appears across the apical plasma membranes of the epithelial cells. 7. The most conservative interpretation of these results is that the electrogenic potassium pump is located somewhere in or on the apical plasma membrane of the epithelial cells.
Ca2+-Dependent Regulation of Rat Caudate Nucleus Adenylate Cyclase and Effects on the Response to Dopamine

The Ca2+ dependence of rat caudate nucleus microsomal adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing) EC 4.6.1.1] was determined and compared with that of cortical microsomes. Both cyclase preparations exhibited a biphasic response to Ca2+ with no differences in the free Ca2+ concentrations required to stimulate (one-half maximum = 0.19 µM cortex; 0.2 µM caudate) and inhibit (one-half maximum = 1 µM cortex; 0.9 µM caudate) each cyclase system. Whereas the cortical activity was stimulated 7-fold by Ca2+, the caudate activity exhibited only a 2-fold Ca2+-induced enhancement of basal cyclase. This relative insensitivity of caudate adenylate cyclase is not due to the selective loss of calmodulin. Ca2+ concentrations (0.03-0.5 µM) which stimulate the cyclase and the addition of large excesses of calmodulin had no effect on the ED50 of dopamine. The abilities of Ca2+ and dopamine to stimulate caudate adenylate cyclase activity were additive over the concentration range of 0.03-0.5 µM Ca2+·Ca2+ concentrations (>0.5 µM) which inhibit adenylate cyclase activity abolished the stimulatory effect of dopamine. Therefore, it is suggested that Ca2+ and dopamine, in a coordinated manner, can modulate the response of caudate adenylate cyclase.
Perception of Women in the Sales Force: The Other Side of the Buyer-Seller Dyad

A exploratory study was developed to determine if females were perceived to be inferior to males as industrial sales representatives. Seventy-four purchasing agents were interviewed regarding their perceptions of the presence of women among sales representatives calling upon them. The results indicate that there are no significant differences in the perceptions held by purchasing agents between female sales representatives and their male counterparts.
Synaptic Mitochondria Sustain More Damage than Non-Synaptic Mitochondria after Traumatic Brain Injury and Are Protected by Cyclosporine A.

Abstract Currently, there are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacotherapies for the treatment of those with traumatic brain injury (TBI). As central mediators of the secondary injury cascade, mitochondria are promising therapeutic targets for prevention of cellular death and dysfunction after TBI. One of the most promising and extensively studied mitochondrial targeted TBI therapies is inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) by the FDA-approved drug, cyclosporine A (CsA). A number of studies have evaluated the effects of CsA on total brain mitochondria after TBI; however, no study has investigated the effects of CsA on isolated synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria. Synaptic mitochondria are considered essential for proper neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity, and their dysfunction has been implicated in neurodegeneration. Synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria have heterogeneous characteristics, but their heterogeneity can be masked in total mitochondr...
Exploring Commodity Trading Activity: An Integrated Analysis of Swaps and Futures

This paper presents an analysis of new, regulatory data on commodity swaps, focused on West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil. We find that commercial end-users have a much larger footprint in the WTI swaps space than financial end-users do. Commercials have a much larger exposure in swaps than in futures and are net short in both markets. Financial end-users are smaller in swaps than in futures and are net long in both markets. Swap Dealers perform a substantial amount of intermediation among WTI longs, WTI shorts, and index investors; consequently, net dealer exposure to hedge in futures markets is far less than the gross swap exposure.
Serum Calcium Concentration in Ethylene Glycol Poisoning.

Introduction The diagnosis of ethylene glycol intoxication can be challenging. Definitive testing for ethylene glycol is not readily available and clinical decisions are often based on clinical suspicion and the results of more readily available tests. One of these findings is hypocalcemia, presumable through complexation with the ethylene glycol metabolite oxalate.