cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bridge pressure flow scour at clear water threshold condition

Bridge pressure flow scour at clear water threshold condition is studied theoretically and experimentally. The flume experiments reveal that the measured scour profiles under a bridge are more or less 2-dimensional; all the measured scour profiles can be described by two similarity equations, where the horizontal distance is scaled by the deck width while the local scour by the maximum scour depth; the maximum scour position is located just under the bridge about 15% deck width from the downstream deck edge; the scour begins at about one deck width upstream the bridge while the deposition occurs at about 2.5 deck widths downstream the bridge; and the maximum scour depth decreases with increasing sediment size, but increases with deck inundation. The theoretical analysis shows that: bridge scour can be divided into three cases, i.e. downstream unsubmerged, partially submerged, and totally submerged. For downstream unsubmerged flows, the maximum bridge scour depth is an open-channel problem where the conventional methods in terms of critical velocity or bed shear stress can be applied; for partially and totally submerged flows, the equilibrium maximum scour depth can be described by a scour and an inundation similarity number, which has been confirmed by experiments with two decks and two sediment sizes. For application, a design and field evaluation procedure with examples is presented, including the maximum scour depth and scour profile.
BMO and singular integrals over local fields

This paper is concerned with the behavior of certain principal-value, singular integral operators on L∞ and BMO defined over a local field. It is shown that unless the definition of these operators is changed appropriately, they may not be defined for some function in these spaces. Direct, constructive proofs of the existence and boundedness of the altered operators under certain smoothness conditions on the kernel are given.
Safety and efficacy of prothrombin complex concentrates for the treatment of coagulopathy after cardiac surgery

Objective Coagulopathy is an important cause of bleeding after complex cardiac surgery. The conventional treatment for coagulopathy is transfusion, which is associated with adverse outcomes. We report our initial experience with the prothrombin complex concentrate FEIBA (factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity) for the rescue treatment of coagulopathy and life-threatening bleeding after cardiac surgery. Methods Twenty-five patients who underwent cardiac surgery with coagulopathy and life-threatening bleeding refractory to conventional treatment received FEIBA as rescue therapy at our institution. This cohort represents approximately 2% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery in our university-based practice during the study. Results The patients were at high risk for postoperative coagulopathy with nearly all patients having at least 2 risk factors for this. Aortic root replacement (Bentall or valve-sparing procedure) and heart transplant with or without left ventricular assist device explant were the most common procedures. The mean FEIBA dose was 2154 units. The need for fresh frozen plasma and platelet transfusion decreased significantly after FEIBA administration ( P = .0001 and P P Conclusions Our initial experience with FEIBA administration for the rescue treatment of postoperative coagulopathy and life-threatening bleeding has been favorable. Further studies are indicated to confirm its efficacy and safety and determine specific clinical indications for its use in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Amino acids in the haemolymph of Popillia japonica (Newman) larvae

Abstract The proteins were separated from the acid-soluble components in haemolymph of Popillia japonica (Newman) larvae with 5% trichloroacetic acid, and the resulting materials analysed for amino acid content. Altogether twenty amino acids were identified in whole or hydrolysed haemolymph or in fractions. Analysis was done by paper chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. Glutamine, arginine, histidine, proline, glycine, alanine, and valine occur free in considerable amounts in the haemolymph. Lysine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, β-alanine, tryptophan, and asparagine were also detected. Sixteen amino acids were identified in the insoluble proteinaceous material. Phenylalanine and methionine were present in the insoluble fraction, but not to an appreciable extent in any other fractions. There were several peptides that disappeared on acid hydrolysis. There were at least two unidentified ninhydrinreacting substances that were stable to acid.
IBM eServer z900 system microcode verification by simulation: the virtual power-on process

In the development of a large, complex computer system, the verification of its microcode by simulation can significantly decrease the time required for the integration, "bring up," and testing of the system. However, creating a process that integrates and aligns the smaller verification tasks to form a coordinated, seamless, and comprehensive system verification plan requires considerable effort. In this paper we present a brief summary of previous verification processes and describe a process, virtual power-on (VPO), which encompasses both hardware and software verification. We then compare the results achieved with that process with those achieved using previous processes. The VPO process was initially applied to the IBM eServer z900, resulting in a significant reduction in the time required for its development.
Indian consumers' purchase intention toward a United States versus local brand

Abstract This study of Indian consumers examines the effects of individual characteristics (i.e., consumer's need for uniqueness and attitudes toward American products) and brand-specific variables (i.e., perceived quality and emotional value) on purchase intention toward a U.S. retail brand versus a local brand. A total of 411 college students in India participated in the survey. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this study finds that Indian consumers' need for uniqueness positively influences attitudes toward American products. Attitudes toward American products positively affect perceived quality and emotional value for a U.S. brand while this effect is negative in the case of a local brand. Emotional value is an important factor influencing purchase intention toward a U.S. brand and a local brand as well. Implications for both U.S. and Indian retailers are provided.
Peer victimization, aggression, and their co-occurrence in middle school: pathways to adjustment problems

An ethnically diverse sample of 6th-grade students completed peer nomination procedures that were used to create subgroups of students with reputations as victims, aggressors, aggressive victims, and socially adjusted (neither aggressive nor victimized). Self-report data on psychological adjustment, attributions for peer harassment, and perceived school climate were gathered. In addition, homeroom teachers rated participating students on academic engagement and students' grades were collected from school records. Victims reported the most negative self-views, aggressors enjoyed the most positive self-views, and aggressive victims fell between these two groups, although their psychological profile more closely resembled that of victims. However, all three subgroups encountered more school adjustment problems when compared to their socially adjusted classmates. Different pathways to school adjustment problems for aggressors and victims were examined. For victims, characterological self-blame for victimization and psychological maladjustment were the key mediators, whereas for aggressors, the significant pathway was mainly through perceived unfairness of school rules. Analyses by ethnicity revealed that African American boys were most likely to be perceived as aggressive and as aggressive victims and they were doing most poorly in school. Implications for intervention with subgroups of problem behavior youth and the particular vulnerabilities of African American adolescents were discussed.
Electrophysiological actions of convulsants and anticonvulsants on neurons of the leech subesophageal ganglion

Abstract 1. In the giant neurons of leech subesophageal ganglia sodium phenobarbital, 1–10 mM, caused large excitatory postsynaptic potentials and a hyperpolarization accompanied by a decreased resistance. 2. Pentylenetetrazol, 1–10 mM, and strychnine sulfate, 0·1–1·0 mM, produced a hyperpolarization and decreased membrane resistance. 3. Bemegride and benzylpenicillin sodium 10 mM caused large bursts of depolarization and rapid firing.
The orientation inducer pheromone of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta

Abstract Foraging ants recruit nestmate workers to food sources by a variety of mechanisms. We report that one behavioural subcategory of the recruitment pheromone complex of Solenopsis invicta Buren involves orientation induction. The orientation inducer pheromone exerts its effects by changing the physiological state of the recipient rather than by releasing a measurable behaviour. Some ant species use a physical ‘waggle’ behaviour to motivate (change physiological state) nestmate workers to follow their chemical trail. The orientation inducer pheromone can be interpreted as a chemical analogue of the physical ‘waggle’ inducing effects. This behaviour is not elicited by the recruitment pheromone components responsible for orientation and/or attraction. Each of these behavioural categories is mediated by a different blend of chemicals from the Dufour's gland. Activity-concentration thresholds indicate that the attraction and inducer part of the recruitment pheromone require about 250 times more worker equivalents for a response than the orientation pheromone. Therefore, the recruitment sub-categories are differentially activated by the amount of Dufour's gland material released.
Interactions of antisense peptides with ovine prolactin.

Two antisense peptides were synthesized to a sense peptide corresponding to amino acid residues 23–35 of ovine prolactin. Both of the antisense peptides formed a saturable complex with the sense peptide and ovine prolactin. The sense peptide inhibited the interaction of ovine prolactin with the antisense peptides. Both of the antisense peptides have a common core sequence VMNV which can bind to ovine prolactin. The lactogenic hormones, rat prolactin and human growth hormone, compete with the binding of ovine prolactin to an antisense peptide whereas a nonlactogen, ovine growth hormone, does not compete indicating a degree of specificity in the interaction.
Ethanol and diazepam inhibition of hippocampal LTP is mediated by angiotensin II and AT1 receptors

Angiotensin II (AII) inhibits the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a frequency-dependent model of learning and memory. These results demonstrate that the dose-dependent inhibition of LTP due to ethanol (EtOH) and diazepam (DZ) involves AII. Inhibition of LTP induction by AII, EtOH, and DZ can be blocked by AII receptor antagonists saralasin and lorsartan (DuP 753). Lorsartan is a competitive antagonist of the AT1 subtype AII receptor. Therefore, the EtOH and DZ inhibition of LTP induction is mediated by AT1 receptors. These results indicate a new role for AII in the brain in the possible mediation of memory deficits associated with alcohol and the benzodiazepines.
Found: Our Intelligences: What Do they Mean?

The theoretical foundations and factor structure of the Woodcock-Johnson-Revised (WJ-R) Cognitive Battery as a measure of intelligence are reviewed. The WJ-R appears to assess a broader variety of abilities than other widely used individually administered measures of cognitive functioning. Although this advance is potentially significant, critical issues remain with regard to the diagnostic utility, intervention implications, and treatment validity of the WJ-R and other individually administered cognitive instruments.
Categorical responding in 15-month-olds: Influence of the noun-category bias and the covariation between visual fixation and auditory input

Abstract According to constraints/bias accounts of word learning, children learn words rapidly and accurately because they possess the uniquely linguistic knowledge that nouns refer to objects in a category. These accounts predict that (a) when input is provided, children will organize objects categorically in the presence of words or nouns but not in their absence, and (b) when nouns are present, manipulation of nonlinguistic variables should not disrupt categorical responding. Using a familiarization-discrimination paradigm, a preliminary experiment confirmed that, for the target category, 15-month-olds did not respond categorically in the absence of input. Experiments 1 and 2 (labeling input) and Experiments 3 and 4 (instrumental music input) revealed successful categorization when either input was perfectly correlated with an infant's fixation of an object. However, in all four experiments, when this perfect covariation was degraded, infants did not categorize, even when nouns were present (Experiments 1 and 2). These outcomes are not consistent with the predictions of bias accounts and they considerably weaken the case for a psychologically real noun-bias prior to the vocabulary explosion. The reported findings are more consistent with children's use of manifold sources of information as cues to responding categorically.
Gross and Microscopical Blood Supply of the Trachea

Twenty-one human tracheal specimens were perfused and dissected, 10 with conventional techniques and 11 with clearing and microdissection techniques. The lateral pedicles of the trachea and esophagus induct vessels from the inferior thyroid, subclavian, supreme intercostal, internal thoracic, innominate, and superior and middle bronchial arteries. These vessels are interconnected along the lateral surface of the trachea by an important longitudinal vascular anstomosis. From the 2 lateral longitudinal anastomoses the lateral and anterior tracheal walls receive their blood supply through transverse segmental vessels that run in the soft tissues between the cartilages. These transverse vessels interconnect the longitudinal anastomoses across the midline and feed the submucosal capillary network that arborizes richly beneath the endotracheal mucosa. The tracheal cartilages receive nourishment from the capillary bed applied to their internal surface. The esophageal arteries and their subdivisions that supply the posterior membranous wall of the trachea contribute almost nothing to the circulation of the cartilaginous walls.
Influence of nanothick layers of DLC on the rates of electrochemical reduction reactions on magnetic hard disks

Potentiodynamic cathodic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectra were obtained for magnetic hard disks coated with a layer of diamond-like carbon (DLC) and immersed in aqueous borate buffer (pH 8.4) containing 0.1 M NaCl. The log of the cathodic current was linearly related to (ΔΦ - ΔΦ corr ) 1/2 for disks coated with a layer of DLC and polarized between 0.2 and 0.4 V below the corrosion potential. In addition, the low frequency impedance of the disks coated with a layer of DLC decreased by a factor of ∼50 as the potential was decreased from 0.2 to 0.4 V below the corrosion potential. The results were independent of the DLC's thickness (2-5 nm), dopant (H and H + N) and method of deposition (sputtering and ion-beam deposition). The results suggest the presence of a thin (12-19 A) charge-denuded layer that forms by a reaction between the DLC and either air or the aqueous solution. At potentials within -0.4 V of the corrosion potential, the kinetics of the electrochemical reduction reactions on DLC-coated hard disks are explained equally well by Schottky emission or quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons through the charge-denuded, reaction product layer. Both charge-transport mechanisms suggest similar remedial actions for decreasing corrosion of the magnetic layer.
Effects of Natural Organic Matter on Heavy Metal Transport During Infiltration

Washington State, like many others, has begun a program to dispose of highway runoff in which a priority has been given to the use of infiltration technologies (e.g., infiltration basins, dry wells, etc.). Heavy metals are of particular interest, because they are the most prevalent priority pollutant in highway runoff. Though traditionally these heavy metals are thought to possess relatively large retardation factors within the subsurface, previous studies have indicated a possibility of their transport being facilitated through complexation with natural organic matter (NOM). If ignored, this form of transport may pose serious errors in the prediction of metal breakthrough times and mass loadings to underlying groundwaters. In addressing this issue, large-scale soil columns are tested under loading conditions similar to actual infiltration best management practices to assess the performance of these facilities in removing heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) from infiltrating water. Experiments were performed in...
The Clinical Relevance of Hip Simulator Testing of High Performance Implants

Effective in vitro hip simulation testing should reproduce clinical failures, clinical wear mechanisms, and clinical successes. These validated test outcomes are the only criteria for predicting the failures and successes of new bearing surfaces and geometries. The authors have successfully reproduced the clinical failures of Charnley’s polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Hylame polyethylene, and successfully predicted clinical successes, including first generation highly crosslinked UHMWPE (Crossfire) over gamma-inert sterilized conventional UHMWPE (N2vac). When approached with new implant technologies, surgeons must know how to evaluate the validation of testing methods used by manufacturers, to ensure the test outcomes of these products predict good survivorship.
Effects of Aging on Functional Connectivity of the Amygdala for Subsequent Memory of Negative Pictures A Network Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data

Aging is associated with preserved enhancement of emotional memory, as well as with age-related reductions in memory for negative stimuli, but the neural networks underlying such alterations are not clear. We used a subsequent-memory paradigm to identify brain activity predicting enhanced emotional memory in young and older adults. Activity in the amygdala predicted enhanced emotional memory, with subsequent-memory activity greater for negative stimuli than for neutral stimuli, across age groups, a finding consistent with an overall enhancement of emotional memory. However, older adults recruited greater activity in anterior regions and less activity in posterior regions in general for negative stimuli that were subsequently remembered. Functional connectivity of the amygdala with the rest of the brain was consistent with age-related reductions in memory for negative stimuli: Older adults showed decreased functional connectivity between the amygdala and the hippocampus, but increased functional connectivity between the amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. These findings suggest that age-related differences in the enhancement of emotional memory might reflect decreased connectivity between the amygdala and typical subsequent-memory regions, as well as the engagement of regulatory processes that inhibit emotional responses.
New prognostic factors for breast cancer recurrence

Decisions regarding the use of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer are strongly influenced by the risk of disease recurrence and death. These risks are now determined by examining the currently recognized breast cancer prognostic factors including clinical stage, axillary nodal status, tumor size and grade, hormone receptor status, and presence of lymphovascular involvement. Newer factors are being evaluated in an attempt to more precisely define disease-related prognosis. This article provides an overview of issues that need to be considered when analyzing studies of prognostic factors, as well as a review of the currently recognized and the newer candidate prognostic factors.
ANALYSIS OF THE ALBINO-LOCUS REGION OF THE MOUSE. II. MOSAIC MUTANTS

Among 119 mutations involving the c locus that were recovered in the course of mouse specific-locus experiments with external radiations, 16 were found in mosaic, or fractional, mutants. The number of additional c-locus fractionals that could have occurred in these experiments and, for a variety of reasons, might not have been clearly identified, probably does not exceed the present number.—There was no evidence for radiation induction of the fractionals, and even those occurring in the irradiated groups may thus be assumed to be of spontaneous origin. Since only two mutations in the control groups were found in whole-body mutants, it appears that the bulk of spontaneous c-locus mutations are fractionals.—None of the mutations recovered in fractional mutants was homozygous lethal; 25% were viable intermediate alleles, and the remainder were albino-like mutants, all viable except for one subvital and one not tested.—Genetic tests of the fractionals indicated no major selection against the new mutations, either gametically or in the progeny.—For the group of fractionals as a whole, about one-half of the germinal tissue carried the mutation, indicating that the fractionals came from an overall blastomere population that was one-half mutant. Such a population could result from mutation in one strand of the gamete DNA, in a daughter chromosome derived from pronuclear DNA synthesis of the zygote, or in one of the first two blastomeres prior to replication. Since the mouse embryo does not stem from all of the cleavage products of the zygote, the frequency of fractionals observed underestimates the frequency of mutational events that result in two types of blastomeres.
Scientific workflow management by database management

In several working environments, production involves repeated executions of certain procedures. A workflow describes the individual tasks performed in these procedures and their interrelationships. Current workflow management systems (WFMSs) use a database management system (DBMS) to store task descriptions, and implement all workflow functionality in modules that run on top of the DBMS. Motivated by scientific workflows, we propose a much more DBMS-centric architecture, in which conventional database technology provides much of the desired scientific WFMS functionality. A key element of our approach is viewing the workflow as a web of data objects interconnected with active links that carry process descriptions. The workflow is fully defined as a database schema, and its execution is the gradual buildup of an instance of this schema through the active object links. For our work, we use the modeling and querying tools of Horse, the object-oriented DBMS that we have developed in the context of the Zoo Desktop Experiment Management Environment.
Social Constructions of People with AIDS: Target Populations and United States Policy, 1981–1990

This paper examines the United States policy toward people with AIDS (PWAs) using a theory of the social construction of target populations (Schneider and Ingram, 1993). A policy narrative is developed which focuses on the ways PWAs have been categorized throughout the epidemic and how the characterization of these constructed target populations has influenced the design of policies aimed at these groups. The Ryan White Act of 1990 and the debate surrounding its passage is examined and found to be consistent with the expectations of the theory. Propositions which extend the framework are offered as a guide for future research.
Brownian Dynamics Simulations of the Reactions of Hydrated Electrons with Components of DNAs and a DNA Double‐Helix

As a first step toward developing simulation models for studying the indirect mechanism of radiation damage to DNAs, we have carried out Brownian dynamics simulations to study the reactions of hydrated electrons with a 12-base-pair B-DNA, (dA)12(dT)12, and with bases, monodeoxynucleotides, and polydeoxynucleotides. We first studied in detail the sensitivity of diffusion reaction rate constants to different model and simulation parameters. Based on the sensitivity studies, a set of model and simulation parameters was obtained for the final production runs. The use of this set of parameters reduced the computational costs but delivered reasonably reliable results. The calculated reaction rate constants were in qualitative agreement with experiments. For the DNA double-helix, (dA)12(dT)12, the simulations demonstrated that hydrated electrons preferred to attack the two ends of the double-helix. Electrostatic interactions between the DNA and the hydrated electrons make the T strand more susceptible to attack than the A strand. The increased reactivity of the T strand due to electrostatic interactions results from the increased reactivity of the C6 sites of the thymine bases, at the expense of the reactivity of the C8 sites of the adenine bases. The reactivity of the relatively buried reactive sites of the adenine and thymine bases are less affected by electrostatic interactions. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 18: 888–901, 1997
Preparation of Drug Delivery Biodegradable PLGA Nanocomposites and Foams by Supercritical COsub2 Expanded Ring Opening Polymerization and by Rapid Expansion from CHCIF2 Supercritical Solutions

Abstract : The synthesis of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) by the ring opening copolymerization of D,L-lactide and glycolide was performed at 110 deg C to 130 deg C using Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst, 1,10-decanediol as initiator in a supercritical sc-CO2 expanded medium at pressures of up to 2,500 psi. Due to the limited monomer solubility in sc-CO2 at low temperatures (70 deg C), only Mn=2,500 is typically obtained. However, molecular weight increases with both temperature and sc-CO2 pressure. Thus, Mn = 13,000 (PDI = 1.28) was obtained at 110 deg C - 130 deg C even in the absence of fluorinated surfactants. Biodegradable drug delivery nanocomposites based on dexamthasone and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were prepared by the rapid expansion of the corresponding supercritical CHCIF2 solutions (110 deg C, 200-300 bar) in air (RESS) and in toluene (RESOLV). The RESS process leads to a broad particle size distribution (100-500 nm) while the RESOLV generates a narrower distribution centered around 100 nm and is accompanied by the formation of a few large particles, most likely due to aggregation.
A conflict-free memory design for multiprocessors

Multiprocessors have been widely used in achieving high performance computation. In a multiprocessor, applications are implemented with processes executing on multiple processors and cooperating with each other. It is hoped that, by using multiple processors, multiplied performance improvement can be obtained. Ideal speedup, however, can hardly be achieved due to several factors. In a shared-memory multiprocessor, memory conflicts and interconnection network contention are two of the most important performance degradation factors. This dissertation proposes a conflict-free memory architecture, a new architecture based on block accesses, which solves the memory and network contention problems in shared-memory multiprocessors. With a synchronously coordinated memory access pattern and a contention-free interconnection network, memory conflicts and network contention can be eliminated. In addition, the tree saturation problem that results from the hot spot problem is solved. Possible extensions to the architecture and performance issues are also discussed in this dissertation. An invalidation-based write-back cache coherence protocol is introduced for the conflict-free memory architecture. The new cache protocol preserves the advantages of both conventional snoopy protocols and directory-based protocols. With this cache coherence protocol, efficient synchronization operations can be implemented to support the weak memory consistency model. Furthermore, high level process synchronization mechanisms can be implemented with low overhead and low latency. The scalability of both the conflict-free memory architecture and the cache coherence protocol are demonstrated. This dissertation also introduces the new parallel programming paradigm, resource binding, which can be efficiently implemented on the conflict-free memory architecture. With simple primitives, the programming paradigm handles shared data protection and process synchronization in a flexible and consistent way. In addition, the resource binding paradigm can be implemented in other shared-memory and distributed-memory systems, which allows programmers to write portable parallel programs that are easy to understand and to debug.
Religious Preferences and Social Science: A Second Look

Although finding considerable value in Joshua Mitchell's recent JOP article about political science commentary on religion, we take issue with his contentions about empirical work on religious influence in politics. We argue that Mitchell has propounded an individualized conceptualization of religion that overlooks the communal nature of religious interaction, a dimension central to translating religious perspectives into political action. Moreover, we argue that conceptualizing religion in terms of preference, values, identity, and choice—which Mitchell regards as antithetical to the true nature of the religious experience—is in fact consistent with the lived religion of most people. Approaches to religious influence in politics rooted in such concepts have yielded considerable predictive power, the appropriate standard by which measurement decisions should be assessed.
Pulmonary hepatic flow distribution in total cavopulmonary connections: extracardiac versus intracardiac.

Objective Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations can occur after the Fontan procedure and are believed to be associated with disproportionate pulmonary distribution of hepatic venous effluent. We studied the effect of total cavopulmonary connection geometry and the effect of increased cardiac output on distribution of inferior vena caval return to the lungs. Methods Ten patients undergoing the Fontan procedure, 5 with extracardiac and 5 with intracardiac configurations of the total cavopulmonary connection, previously analyzed for power loss were processed for calculating the distribution of inferior vena caval return to the lungs (second-order accuracy). One idealized total cavopulmonary connection was similarly analyzed under parametric variation of inferior vena caval offset and cardiac output flow split. Results Streaming of the inferior vena caval return in the idealized total cavopulmonary connection model was dependent on both inferior vena caval offset magnitude and cardiac output flow-split ratio. For patient-specific total cavopulmonary connections, preferential streaming of the inferior vena caval return was directly proportional to the cardiac output flow-split ratio in the intracardiac total cavopulmonary connections ( P P Conclusions Extracardiac and intracardiac total cavopulmonary connections have inherently different streaming characteristics because of contrasting mixing characteristics caused by their geometric differences. Pulmonary artery diameters and inferior vena caval offsets might together determine hepatic flow streaming.
Commentary Paper 1 on "Visual Players Detection and Tracking in Soccer Matches"

This paper provides comments to the paper "Visual Players Detection and Tracking in Soccer Matches". It was prepared as part of an experimental open review process for the 5th IEEE International Conference On Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance for which the author of this commentary paper acted as a reviewer. Due to the conference submission process, this comment was prepared for the review version of the paper and does not consider changes that the authors may have made for the print version of their work. The reviewed paper addresses the problems of automatically detecting, classifying and tracking players in soccer matches. It focuses on three separate sub-problems: estimation of a background model that represents the empty soccer field, classification of team players, and player tracking.
Timescales and significance of high-pressure, high-temperature metamorphism and mafic dike anatexis, Snowbird tectonic zone, Canada

New geochronological, isotopic and geochemical data for a spectacular swarm of deep crustal migmatitic mafic dikes offer important insight into processes operative during 1.9 Ga high pressure, high temperature metamorphism along the Snowbird tectonic zone in northern Saskatchewan. High-precision U–Pb zircon dates reveal anatexis of Chipman mafic dikes at 1,896.2 ± 0.3 Ma during syntectonic and synmetamorphic intrusion at conditions of 1.0–1.2 GPa, >750°C. U–Pb zircon dates of 1,894–1,891 Ma for cross-cutting pegmatites place a lower bound on major metamorphism and deformation at the currently exposed crustal levels. The persistence of elevated temperatures for ~14 m.y. following peak conditions is implied by younger U–Pb titanite dates, and by Sm–Nd whole rock isotopic data that suggest the derivation of the pegmatites by melting of a mafic source. Limited melting of the host felsic gneiss at 1.9 Ga despite high temperature is consistent with evidence for their previous dehydration by granulite facies metamorphism in the Archean. Spatial heterogeneity in patterns of mafic dike and tonalitic gneiss anatexis can be attributed to lateral peak temperature and compositional variability. We correlate 1,896 Ma Chipman mafic dike emplacement and metamorphism with substantial 1.9 Ga mafic magmatism over a minimum along-strike extent of 1,200 km of the Snowbird tectonic zone. This suggests a significant, continent-wide period of asthenospheric upwelling that induced incipient continental rifting. Extension was subsequently terminated by hinterland contraction associated with Trans-Hudson accretion and orogenesis. Little activity in the lower crust for ca. 650 m.y. prior to Proterozoic metamorphism and mafic magmatism implies an extended interval of cratonic stability that was disrupted at 1.9 Ga. This episode of destabilization contrasts with the record of long-term stability in most preserved cratons, and is important for understanding the lithospheric characteristics and tectonic circumstances that control the destruction or survival of continents.
Block copolymer molecular weight determination via gel permeation chromatography: Choosing a combining rule

We present a method for accurately determining the true molecular weights of narrow-distribution block copolymers, using only a basic gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) equipped with a refractive index detector and calibrated with polystyrene standards. Our approach is based on the well-known observation that GPC calibration curves for different homopolymers in good solvents are essentially parallel, allowing the curves for different polymers to be described by simple hydrodynamic equivalence ratios rB versus polystyrene. We present values of rB, in both toluene and tetrahydrofuran, for various polydiene and hydrogenated polydiene homopolymers commonly incorporated into commercial styrenic block copolymers. These values of rB must be combined to yield the hydrodynamic equivalence ratio of the block copolymer, from which the block copolymer's true molecular weight can be determined. Three combining rules proposed in the literature are tested against a series of symmetric polystyrene–polybutadiene diblock copolymers of varying molecular weight. A simple linear combining rule accurately represents the results. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2056–2069, 2001
Next Waves In The Evolution Of Management Education: Non-Traded Enterprises And Spatial Awareness

The last generation in management education identified and addressed two perceived gaps in standard degree curricula: global business and corporate ethics. The Association for Advancement of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) has been instrumental in assuring these topics receive due attention. Given the current state of management education for the challenges of the 21 st century, what are the two gaps that are likely to be perceived and addressed during the next generation? The conjecture here is that attention to non-traded enterprises and to spatial awareness will emerge as critical components of management education in the near future, and will endure because their relevance and relative value will increase over time. Such a shift will necessitate substantial rethinking of curricula: more than 99% of American businesses are “small”, but the standard objective function taught in b-schools today is maximization of shareholder wealth, usually measured by changes in stock price. Similarly, the current estimate is that at least 80% of all business transactions or decisions involve a spatial component, yet this component rarely is explicitly recognized in today’s b-school classes. The blurring of boundaries and increasing joint ventures among public, not-for-profit, corporate, and small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs), coupled with advancements in geographic information systems (GIS), suggests an impetus for these next two waves in management education. This paper provides background information and a projected trajectory for infusion of these concepts into tomorrow’s curriculum.
Delayed Cytoprotection after Enhancement of Sod2 (MnSOD) Gene Expression in SA-NH Mouse Sarcoma Cells Exposed to WR-1065, the Active Metabolite of Amifostine

Abstract Murley, J. S., Kataoka, Y., Weydert, C. J., Oberley, L. W. and Grdina, D. J. Delayed Cytoprotection after Enhancement of Sod2 (MnSOD) Gene Expression in SA-NH Mouse Sarcoma Cells Exposed to WR-1065, the Active Metabolite of Amifostine. Radiat. Res. 158, 101–109 (2002). SA-NH mouse sarcoma cells were grown to confluence and then exposed to either 40 μM or 4 mM of WR-1065, i.e. the active thiol form of amifostine, for 30 min and then washed. Total RNA and protein were isolated at various times up to 24 h after exposure. Both concentrations of WR-1065 were equally effective in affecting Sod2 (also known as MnSOD) gene expression and protein levels. Northern blot analysis using a mouse cDNA probe revealed three Sod2 transcripts of 1, 4 and 6 kb. Expression of both the 4- and 6-kb transcripts increased by 20 and 60%, respectively, and remained elevated over a period of 4 to 20 h. Sod2 protein levels, as determined by Western blot analysis, increased 15-fold over background control levels over the same...
Monitoring ENT Procedures

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) is used during surgeries of the head and neck, procedures to remove tumors of the thyroid, parathyroid, and parotid glands that put cranial nerves at risk, specifically the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) (branch of CNX) and the facial nerve (Dionigi et al. Surg Technol Int 19:25–37, 2010). Monitoring and testing of the cranial nerves at risk accomplishes three goals: (1) to identify the nerve within the surgical field for the purposes of aiding the surgeon in avoiding damage to the nerve during the procedure, (2) to monitor the nerve during the course of the procedure in order to provide real-time feedback to the surgeon about the activity of the nerve, and (3) to provide the surgeon with a prognostic indicator of postoperative nerve function by assessing the stimulation threshold of the nerve at the end of the procedure (Randolph et al. Laryngoscope 121 Suppl 1:S1–16, 2011). These three goals of IOM for ENT procedures contribute to the overall mission of IOM to reduce the incidence of iatrogenic neurological injury. This chapter discusses practical applications of intraoperative monitoring for thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, and parotidectomy.
MBNL1-mediated regulation of differentiation RNAs promotes myofibroblast transformation and the fibrotic response

The differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts mediates tissue wound healing and fibrotic remodelling, although the molecular programme underlying this process remains poorly understood. Here we perform a genome-wide screen for genes that control myofibroblast transformation, and identify the RNA-binding protein muscleblind-like1 (MBNL1). MBNL1 overexpression promotes transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, whereas loss of Mbnl1 abrogates transformation and impairs the fibrotic phase of wound healing in mouse models of myocardial infarction and dermal injury. Mechanistically, MBNL1 directly binds to and regulates a network of differentiation-specific and cytoskeletal/matrix-assembly transcripts to promote myofibroblast differentiation. One of these transcripts is the nodal transcriptional regulator serum response factor (SRF), whereas another is calcineurin Aβ. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene-editing of the MBNL1-binding site within the Srf 3'UTR impairs myofibroblast differentiation, whereas in vivo deletion of Srf in fibroblasts impairs wound healing and fibrosis. These data establish a new RNA-dependent paradigm for myofibroblast formation through MBNL1.
Global Model for Total Delay Time Distribution of High-Power Microwave Surface Flashover

A global model of high-power microwave (HPM) window breakdown is elucidated. The model provides a practical approach for estimating the maximum microwave power and pulse length that can be transmitted for a given window geometry at varying background gas pressure. Based on recent experimental and modeling progress, the formative and statistical breakdown delay time contributions are included in the model. The provided details are intended to give the reader a starting point in designing an HPM system for which surface breakdown along the output window is a major concern. Spanning five orders of magnitude in power, four microwave bands, three orders of magnitude in pulsewidth, three orders of magnitude in pressure, and three different gas types, the model serves to determine the probability of breakdown for a given set of input parameters with the modest computational effort. Examples of how to use the model are given, and the results are compared with actual systems and measured experimental delay times.
Kinetics of Muscle Atrophy in Different Species

SummaryThe relationship of the rate of weight loss in denervation atrophy to time has been found to be defined by the equation where “k’ is a constant characteristic of the species and probably related to growth rate, “t’ is the time from loss of nerve viability, “A’ is the percent of the original weight which is loseable in atrophy, and “x’ is the percent of total weight lost at time “t’.
Invited Editorial Comment: The Financial Crisis: Lessons Learned?

1. Gary B. Gorton 1. Gary B. Gorton is the Frederick Frank Class of 1954 Professor of Management and Professor of Finance at the Yale School of Management in New Haven, CT . (gary.gorton{at}yale.edu) JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon testified before the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (
Desegregation Policy as Social Justice Leadership?: The Case for Critical Consciousness and Racial Literacy:

Policy making can be viewed as a large-scale attempt at social justice leadership intended to address vast inequities that persist and are perpetuated in the U.S. K-12 education system. The study e...
Prehistoric human impact on tree island lifecycles in the Florida Everglades

The current study provides a fine-grained analysis of evidence for sustained pre-Columbian human occupation and socio-ecological interaction within Everglades National Park. Utilizing archaeological data on dietary and cultural patterns recovered from recent excavations at a prehistoric tree island site, we argue the role of ancient human populations in the formation or augmentation of tree islands should be incorporated into environmental models of the tree island lifecycle. High phosphorus levels in human waste, especially the largely organic waste of prehistoric populations, as well as other anthropogenic factors have not been adequately factored into current environmental models of tree island formation or the ecological evolution of the Everglades. More broadly, while socio-ecological modeling is at the core of current scholarly and restoration paradigms, expanded collaboration between environmental scientists and archaeologists will lead to more accurate identification of anthropogenic environmental...
Investigation on Drinking Water Quality and Environmental Hygiene Conditions in Rural Primary and Secondary Schools of Fujian Province

Objective To understand basic sanitation conditions of drinking water quality and environmental hygiene in rural schools so as to provide the basis for the improvement of water and latrine sanitation.Methods Field investigation and statistical analysis were used to investigate basic sanitation conditions of drinking water and environmental hygiene of rural primary and secondary schools of Fujian Province.Results 93.0% of the school latrines were sanitary toilets;3.7% of the school toilets had no hand-washing pools.The coverage rate of boiled water was 49.2%.79.0% of schools didn't use disinfection management for their source water.Conclusion Sanitation conditions of drinking water and environmental hygiene in rural schools in the whole province are in poor health status.Thus,improvement of drinking water and environmental hygiene in rural schools is urgent.
Ovulation and estrus characteristics in crossbred Brahman heifers treated with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert in combination with prostaglandin F2alpha and estradiol benzoate.

Crossbred Brahman heifers (n = 60) were studied to determine the effect of a 7-d intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert (INSERT) in combination with PG (Lutalyse; 25 mg i.m.) and estradiol benzoate (EB; .5 mg i.m.) on time of ovulation and estrous behavior. In Phase I, heifers at unknown stages of the estrous cycle were assigned by BW and body condition score to one of the three treatments on d 0: 1) INSERT for 7 d and PG on d 7 (CONTROL; n = 10); 2) INSERT for 7 d, PG on d 7, and EB 24 h after INSERT removal (EB24; n = 10); or 3) INSERT for 7 d, PG on d 7, and EB 48 h after INSERT removal (EB48; n = 10). Blood samples were collected every 8 h after INSERT removal. Also, blood sampling and ultrasonography began 8 h after the onset of estrus, determined with HeatWatch devices, and every 4 h thereafter to detect ovulation. In Phase II, Phase-I treatments (n = 10/treatments) were replicated, but only behavioral estrus data were collected to minimize handling of heifers. Frequent handling of heifers did not influence (P > .1) the interval from INSERT removal to the onset of HeatWatch and visual estrus and duration of estrus, so behavioral estrus data were combined for Phases I and II. Interval from INSERT removal to HeatWatch estrus was decreased (P .1) between CONTROL, EB24, and EB48 (14.4, 12.5, and 14.1 mm, respectively). Duration of estrus was similar for CONTROL, EB24, and EB48 (14.0, 15.1, and 17.6 h, respectively). No difference (P > . 1) was observed in number of mounts received between CONTROL, EB24, and EB48 (28.0, 25.7, and 39.4, respectively), but number of mounts received increased in Phase II vs Phase I (40.0 and 22.2, respectively; P < .05). In conclusion, EB hastened the interval from INSERT removal to ovulation without altering duration of estrus or number of mounts received. Frequent handling of heifers did not affect interval to first mount received after INSERT removal or duration of estrus, but it decreased the total number of mounts received.