cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study on the epidemiological features of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in Chenzhou, Hunan between 2009-2011

Objective The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiologic features and the pattern of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in Chenzhou City from 2009 to 2011. Methods Descriptive epidemiological study was conducted to analyze the data obtained by monitoring incidents of HFMD in Chenzhou from 2009 to 2011, and chi-square test was used to compare corresponding rates and ratios. Results The annual incidence rates of HFMD in Chenzhou for 2009, 2010 and 2011 were 32.47/100 000, 132.67/100 000 and 111.92/100 000, respectively. More HFMD cases were reported in the hilly area and especially in the suburbs compared to other areas. The cases were reported throughout the year, but mainly from week 15 to 32, with peak occurrence appeared from week 17 to 28. The onset ages for patients mainly ranged from 0 to 3 years old. There were more male patients than female ones. The severe or lethal cases were mainly reported in children who were less than 3 years old and live scattered. The results of pathogenic surveillance showed that the main pathogen was HEV71 in 2009 and 2010(χ2=19.13, P0.01; χ2=162.08, P0.01), while the main pathogen was not apparent in 2011(χ2=5.51, P0.05). The isolated HEV71 positive strains belong to C4a genotypes. Conclusion In spring and summer, the prevention and control of HFMD in Chenzhou should be focused on children under 3 years old, and the action should also be emphasized on children live scattered in hilly areas and population-compact districts.
Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls by GC with ultrasonic extraction from aquatic products

Objective:To develop a method for determining residues of seven kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls in aquatic products was developed by gas chromatography,including PCB28,PCB52,PCB101,PCB118,PCB138,PCB153 and PCB180 which can indicate pollution condition of aquatic system.Methods:All the samples were extracted by n-hexane under ultrasound and decontaminated by sulfuric acid.Further cleanup procedure was followed by silica gel column and florisil silica column eluting with acetone,concentrate to the result samples which determined by quantitative detection of external standard method.Results:The average recoveries of seven kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls ranged from 85.6% to 102% with a relative standard deviation between 3.45% and 5.02%.Lowest detectable limit was 0.1～0.2 μg/kg,and linear over the range assayed,1.0～200 μg/L,with all correlation coefficient0.9992.Conclusion:The present method is simple,highly effective and stable and it is appropriate for analytic determination in laboratory.
The Radiologic Diagnosis of Subtle Extremity Injuries

This article reviews soft tissue and alignment abnormalities that may be critical for identifying subtle extremity fractures and dislocations.
Improved 2D slice-interleaved flow-independent cardiac black blood imaging using Ferumoxytol

Background Double inversion recovery (DIR) is the most commonly used black blood (BB) preparation method. However its single slice nature makes the acquisition inefficient and flow-dependence causes insufficient blood suppression when stagnant blood or in-plane blood flow is present. In this work, we propose to use ferumoxytol, an FDA approved iron oxide particle for treating iron deficiency anemia, as an MR contrast agent to achieve flow-independent BB imaging by taking advantage of its strong
Renal Malacoplakia with Secondary Hepato-Duodenal Involvement

AbstractRenal parenchymal malacoplakia is uncommon, and coexistence of extensive invasion into the liver and duodenum is extremely rare. Typically, there is an associated long-term urinary tract infection. We report on a 53-year-old woman with a history of diabetes and recurring pyelonephritis, who presented with a renal tumor and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Surgical intervention included radical nephrectomy, lymphadenectomy, segmental hepatectomy, cholecystostomy, duodenorrhaphy, jejunostomy and appendectomy. There was no surgical morbidity. A pathologist confirmed the diagnosis of malacoplakia. All of the diagnostic criteria, including hematoxylin and eosin stain, iron stain, calcium stain and electron microscopy of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, were classic. The literature is reviewed.
Professional Responsibilty: Development and Enforcement of Standards within United States Crime Laboratories for the Genetic Marker Typing of Physiological Stain Evidence

There have been recent challenges in United States’ courts to the admissibility of evidence derived from genetic marker typing of physiological stain evidence. In at least two instances, higher courts have ruled that the expert witness who has offered such evidence is unqualified to testify in regard to its reliability. These opinions raise some interesting questions regarding the status and role of the crime laboratory analyst within the criminal justice system and his relationship to the scientific community.
Diagnosis of acute rhinosinusitis in primary care: a systematic review of test accuracy

Background Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is a common primary care infection, but there have been no recent, comprehensive diagnostic meta-analyses. Aim To determine the accuracy of laboratory and imaging studies for the diagnosis of ARS. Design and setting Systematic review of diagnostic tests in outpatient, primary care, and specialty settings. Method The authors included studies of patients presenting with or referred for suspected ARS, and used bivariate meta-analysis to calculate summary estimates of test accuracy and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The authors also plotted summary ROC curves to explore heterogeneity, cutoffs, and the impact of different reference standards. Results Using antral puncture as the reference standard, A mode ultrasound (positive likelihood ratio [LR+] 1.71, negative likelihood ratio [LR−] 0.41), B mode ultrasound (LR+ 1.64, LR− 0.69), and radiography (LR+ 2.01, LR− 0.28) had only modest accuracy. Accuracy was higher using imaging as the reference standard for both ultrasound (LR+12.4, LR− 0.35) and radiography (LR+ 9.4, LR− 0.27), although this likely overestimates accuracy. C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) both had clear threshold effects, and modest overall accuracy. The LR+ for ESR >30 and >40 were 4.08 and 7.40, respectively. A dipstick of nasal secretions for leucocyte esterase was highly accurate (LR+18.4, LR− 0.17) but has not been validated. Conclusion In general, tests were of limited value in the diagnosis of ARS. Normal radiography helps rule out sinusitis when negative, whereas CRP and ESR help rule in sinusitis when positive, although, given their limited accuracy as individual tests, they cannot be routinely recommended. Prospective studies integrating signs and symptoms with point-of-care CRP, dipstick, and/ or handheld B-mode ultrasound are needed.
Food preference and acceptance of novel foods by lambs depend on the composition of the basal diet

Ruminants eat a variety of foods, varying in toxins and nutrients, but no hypotheses adequately explain this behavior. We offer an explanation, one which encompasses avoidance of toxins and acquisition of nutrients. A key concept in this hypothesis is aversion, the decrease in preference for food just eaten as a result of sensory input (taste, odor, texture, i.e., a food's flavor) and postingestive effects (of toxins and nutrients on chemo-, osmo-, and mechano-receptors) unique to each food. On the basis of this hypothesis, we predicted lambs would prefer familiar and novel foods that complemented the macronutrient composition of their basal diet. To assess the validity of this prediction, we fed 10 lambs in each of three treatments different levels of ground barley (high in energy) and alfalfa (high in protein) as a basal diet. We then offered them daily a meal of three ground foods differing in proportions of barley and alfalfa (familiar foods) or wheat and rabbit pellets (novel foods). We found that lambs fed a basal diet high in energy (barley) preferred food lower in energy and higher in protein (alfalfa); those fed a diet high in alfalfa preferred food high in barley (P < .01). In addition, the higher the barley or alfalfa content of the basal diet, the greater the acceptance of novel foods high in alfalfa (i.e., rabbit pellets) or grain (i.e., wheat), respectively (P < .01). All lambs preferred foods high in wheat to rabbit pellets or alfalfa (P < 0.01), evidently because wheat is high in energy and it differs in flavor from barley, which was eaten repeatedly as part of the basal diet. On the basis of these results, we contend that lambs preferred familiar and novel foods that complemented the flavors and macro-nutrient contents of their basal diet.
The Strange Career of the Biblia Rabbinica among Christian Hebraists, 1517–1620

This essay describes the features of the first two editions of the Rabbinic Bible, traces their use by Christian Hebraists of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, and considers the use of Jewish Bible commentaries by Christian Hebraists, focusing on Sebastian Munster's annotations to his famous Hebraica Biblia. From the perspective of biblical studies, the most important feature of this work was not its innovative physical form, but its precedent-setting Hebrew Bible text. In this work Munster provided not only the Hebrew Bible text, taken from the first Biblia Rabbinica of 1517, but also his own Latin translation and a digest of annotations taken mainly from the biblical commentaries of the two Rabbinic Bible editions. The Rabbinic Bible of 1517 was a departure from previous manuscript and printed versions of the Hebrew Bible both in its physical form and in its bold claim to greater textual authenticity. Keywords:Biblia Rabbinica; biblical studies; Christian Hebraists
Drinking Among Strangers: A Meta-Analysis Examining Familiarity as a Moderator of Alcohol’s Rewarding Effects.

Drinking in unfamiliar social settings has long been linked to alcohol problems. A large body of indirect evidence has accumulated to suggest that alcohol's rewarding subjective effects-both tension relieving and positive-mood enhancing-will be magnified when it is consumed among strangers versus among familiar individuals. But the link between social familiarity and alcohol reward has never been examined. I conducted a meta-analysis of 21 alcohol-administration studies featuring social context (total N = 2,046), examining the effects of alcohol on self-reports of mood and social outcomes and on behaviors in the context of social interactions. Studies were classified according to whether participants involved in the social interaction were previously acquainted prior to study participation (familiarity condition) and also according to other characteristics of the social interaction and alcohol-dosing procedure. RESULTS of random effects metaregression models revealed a significant effect of familiarity in moderating alcohol response, Q(1) = 9.80, p =.0002. Alcohol-related social-emotional enhancement was significantly larger when studies examined interactions among strangers (d =.48, 95% confidence interval [CI:.34,.61]) versus when they examined interactions among familiar individuals (d =.09, 95% CI [-.12,.29]). Of note, in analyses examining self-reports and behaviors separately, findings indicated that alcohol consumption leads to similar behavioral disinhibition across familiar and unfamiliar contexts but that the consequences of this disinhibition for internal subjective experience may differ depending on familiarity. Overall, results suggest that individuals may gain more subjective reward from alcohol in unfamiliar social contexts, pointing to familiarity as a potentially promising line of inquiry for research examining mechanisms of risk for alcohol problems. (PsycINFO Database Record(c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Cenozoic Muricidae of the Western Atlantic Region Part IV- Pterynotus and Poirieria

This paper covers the two, closely related, most ancient muricine genera Pterynotus, including the subgenera Pterochelus and Purpurellus, and Poirieria, with the subgenera Paziella, Flexopteron, Panamurex, and a new subgenus Pazinotues, here named (type species: "Eupleura'' stimpsonii Dall, 1889). In the New World Pterynotus and Paziella appear together in the Paleocene beds of Alabama; Poirieria s.s. first occurs in the lower Eocene of Alabama; Pterochelus and Panamurex are first seen in the Oligocene of Mississippi; and Pazinotus is first found in the (?) upper Miocene of Jamaica. All have at least one living representative in the Recent fauna of the western Atlantic region. Flexopteron first appears in the Oligocene of Germany and is represented in the New World by a single species from the (?) upper Miocene of Jamaica. There is no living representative of this subgenus. Purpurellus first occurs in the lower Miocene of North Carolina and is found in the Recent fauna only off the west coasts of Africa and tropical America. A total of 42 species are treated systematically. These include twelve assigned to Pterynotus s.s., two to Pterochelus and one to Purpurellus. Two species are assigned to Poirieria s.s., seven to Paziella, one to Flexopteron, two to Pazinotus, and fifteen to Panamurex. Of the total number ten are new species: Pterynotus (Pterynotus) stenzeli, from the early middle Eocene of Texas; Poirieria (Poirieria) woodsensis, from the lower Eocene of Alabama; Pterynotus (Purpurellus) repetiti from the early lower Miocene of North Carolina; Pterynottts (Pterynotus) boerlei and Poirieria (Panamurex) mauryae, from the (?) late lower Miocene of Florida; Poirieria (Paziella) septima and Poirieria (Panamurex) dubitalis, from the (?) upper Miocene of Mexico; Poirieria (Pazinotus) bowdenensis, from the (?) upper Miocene of Jamaica; Poirieria (Panamurex) gabbi, from the middle Miocene of the Dominican Republic; and Poirieria (Panamurex) velero, from the Recent off northern South America. In addition, four homonyms are renamed. These are: Pterynotus (Pterynotus) havanensis, for Murex tristichus Dall non Beyrich; Pterynotus (Pterynotus) bushae, for Murex pygmaeus Bush non Schlotheim; Poirieria (Paziella) harrisi, for Murex morulus Conrad non Schroter; and Poirieria (Panamurex) macneili, for Murex simplex Aldrich non Philippi.
The Changing Landscape of Alopecia Areata: The Translational Landscape

Recent genetic and preclinical studies have increased our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA). This has allowed expedited development of targeted therapies for the treatment of AA, and a paradigm shift in our approach and understanding of autoimmunity and the hair follicle. The synergy between preclinical studies, animal models, and translational studies has led to unprecedented advances in the treatment options for AA, ultimately benefiting patients who have had little recourse. In this review, we summarize the scientific field of contemporary AA research, and look forward to potential new technologies and developments.
Simulating ideal assistive devices to reduce the metabolic cost of walking with heavy loads

Wearable robotic devices can restore and enhance mobility. There is growing interest in designing devices that reduce the metabolic cost of walking; however, designers lack guidelines for which joints to assist and when to provide the assistance. To help address this problem, we used musculoskeletal simulation to predict how hypothetical devices affect muscle activity and metabolic cost when walking with heavy loads. We explored 7 massless devices, each providing unrestricted torque at one degree of freedom in one direction (hip abduction, hip flexion, hip extension, knee flexion, knee extension, ankle plantarflexion, or ankle dorsiflexion). We used the Computed Muscle Control algorithm in OpenSim to find device torque profiles that minimized the sum of squared muscle activations while tracking measured kinematics of loaded walking without assistance. We then examined the metabolic savings provided by each device, the corresponding device torque profiles, and the resulting changes in muscle activity. We found that the hip flexion, knee flexion, and hip abduction devices provided greater metabolic savings than the ankle plantarflexion device. The hip abduction device had the greatest ratio of metabolic savings to peak instantaneous positive device power, suggesting that frontal-plane hip assistance may be an efficient way to reduce metabolic cost. Overall, the device torque profiles generally differed from the corresponding net joint moment generated by muscles without assistance, and occasionally exceeded the net joint moment to reduce muscle activity at other degrees of freedom. Many devices affected the activity of muscles elsewhere in the limb; for example, the hip flexion device affected muscles that span the ankle joint. Our results may help experimentalists decide which joint motions to target when building devices and can provide intuition for how devices may interact with the musculoskeletal system. The simulations are freely available online, allowing others to reproduce and extend our work.
Genetics and Genomics: An Oncology Nurse’s Journey in Practice

BACKGROUND Cancer genetics and genomics are now an integral component of oncology care. Genetics and genomics guide recommendations not only for cancer prevention and early detection, but also for cancer treatment. . OBJECTIVES This article documents the personal experiences of an oncology nurse who has worked in cancer prevention and early detection since the 1990s and describes the many changes that have occurred in cancer-related genetic and genomic care during that time. . METHODS This is a personal account of genetic practice in the past 30 years. . FINDINGS Nurses can no longer ignore cancer genetics and genomics in oncology care. Some aspects of care have changed dramatically, including the number of genetic tests and potential uses for genomic information; however, some remain the same, particularly the human component of care. Patients and families need comprehensive education and support to understand the role that genetics and genomics play in cancer care. Oncology nurses are well suited to provide this care.
High-frequency effects in carbon nanotube interconnects and implications for on-chip inductor design

This paper presents a rigorous investigation of high-frequency effects in carbon nanotube interconnects and their implications for the design and performance analysis of high-quality on-chip inductors. An accurate method is developed to calculate the frequency-dependent resistance and inductance of both single-walled (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) bundle interconnects. Our analysis reveals for the first time that skin effect (current redistribution) in CNT bundles is negligible compared to that in conventional metal conductors, which make them a very attractive and promising material for high-frequency applications, including on-chip inductor design in high-performance RF/mixed-signal circuits. It is subsequently shown that CNT based inductors can achieve nearly 4times higher Q factor than Cu based inductors.
Chronic postsurgical pain following breast reconstruction: a commentary and critique

In line with other major surgeries including breast cancer surgery (BCS), recent studies suggest a striking rate of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) following breast reconstruction. This commentary will critically examine evidence for the degree to which the prevalence of CPSP following breast reconstruction is directly attributable to reconstructive surgery. The discussion will trace similarities and distinctions between breast reconstruction and BCS in considering the risk for CPSP, and describe recent advances in the definition of CPSP, highlighting methodological limitations in the general investigation of CPSP, which also characterize the study of CPSP more specifically for breast reconstruction outcome. A convenience sample of relevant studies examining CPSP following breast reconstruction reveals inadequate evidence to support a serious concern for reconstruction-induced CPSP and further that these studies fail to adhere to recommended methodological standards to effectively isolate surgery as the etiology of persistent pain reported by women following reconstructive surgery. Suggestions for future exploration of problematic chronic pain after breast reconstruction are considered.
Brief Report: Sex Differences in Parental Concerns for Toddlers with Autism Risk.

Research on sex differences in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests both higher prevalence and a more easily observable presentation of core ASD symptomology in males, which may lead to sex differences in parental concerns. The current study examined whether sex and diagnosis relate to the timing, number, and types of pre-diagnosis concerns for 669 (Nmale = 468) toddlers who screened at risk for ASD. No sex differences in parents’ concerns emerged for toddlers diagnosed with ASD; however, in the overall at-risk sample, parents of boys endorsed ASD symptoms, including restricted and repetitive behaviors, more than parents of girls. Future research should examine why sex differences in pre-diagnosis concerns emerge and how they might impact early diagnosis for at-risk boys versus girls.
Narratives of Intelligence: The Sociotechnical Context of Cognitive Enhancement in American Political Culture

In American political culture, there are two competing narratives of intelligence. The first is predicated, in part, on the pioneering work of French psychologist Alfred Binet and the battery of tests he developed near the turn of the nineteenth century to help identify French school children in need of remedial instruction. Contrary to Binet’s stated intentions and beliefs, when his methods were imported to America, they were used to construct the narrative of IQ, or the intelligence quotient. The bulk of this narrative was written by Charles Spearman, the creator of the statistical technique known as factor analysis as well as the theory of a general factor for intelligence, referred to as g. In this narrative, intelligence is a single property, measureable, heritable, comparable, and localized within the head. In both popular and scientific uses of this narrative, g has reached a degree of reification such that it is spoken of as if the skull could be split open, and g located in a specific place within the gray matter of the brain. Perhaps most important for American political culture, g is a largely fixed quantity, and is not particularly susceptible to environmental interventions, with the exception of physical or chemical damage to the brain itself. It plays a central role in the beliefs of many Americans with regard to social competition of all kinds, and, because of its history and significance, it has been a controversial narrative since its inception.
Partitives, double genitives and anti-uniqueness

This paper offers an explanation for a little-known but striking phenomenon first discussed by Jackendoff (1968b) that I will call ANTI-UNIQUENESS: partitives are incompatible with the definite determiner (*I met the one of John's friends), unless the partitive first receives additional modification (I met the [[one of John's friends] that he traveled with from Mexico]). I argue that an independently needed refinement of the semantic analyses of the partitive of Ladusaw (1982) and Hoeksema (1984) automatically predicts these anti-uniqueness facts. More specifically, I propose that partitivity is always proper partitivity. This will guarantee that any property denoted by a partitive will have at least two entities in its extension, and cannot uniquely identify an individual; thus partitives are anti-unique. In addition, this paper makes a new case for analyzing double genitives as partitives. A number of syntactic and semantic arguments will show that, despite appearances, so-called double genitives (a friend of John's) have less in common with a superficially quite similar type of simple genitive (a friend of John) than with standard partitives (one of John's friends). If double genitives are indeed a type of partitive, this explains why they also exhibit anti-uniqueness effects: *I met [the friend of John's] is bad but I met the [[friend of John's] that he traveled with from Mexico] is perfectly fine
On a problem of Erdös related to common factor differences

Let n be a positive integer. The factor-difference set D(n) of n is the set of absolute values d of the differences between the factors of any factorization of n as a product of two integers. Erdős...
Commentary: Unmet need for mental health services among people screened but not admitted to an early psychosis intervention program.

A minority of expected incident First Episode Psychosis (FEP) cases come to the attention of FEP providers, and of these, a further minority actually receive specialty treatment. Edwards at al. find that within a London, Ontario catchment area, those not admitted to care are diagnostically similar to treated cases in terms of primary psychoses, but somewhat older, less socioeconomically advantaged, and more likely to struggle with substance use disorders. Those not admitted continue to exhibit high mental health needs and to circle the mental health system via emergency rooms, primary care, and hospital admission. FEP care advocates should be mindful of creating and improving systems that serve population health needs rather than focusing narrowly on the outcomes of those FEP patients who do successfully engage with specialty care.
Assimilation of Altimeter Data into a Quasigeostrophic Model of the Gulf Stream System

The improvement in the climatological behavior of a numerical model as a consequence of the assimilation of surface data is investigated. The model used for this study is a quasigeostrophic (QG) model of the Gulf Stream region. The data that have been assimilated are maps of sea surface height that have been obtained as the superposition of sea surface height variability deduced from the Geosat altimeter measurements and a mean field constructed from historical hydrographic data. The method used for assimilating the data is the nudging technique. Nudging has been implemented in such a way as to achieve a high degree of convergence of the surface model fields toward the observations. Comparisons of the assimilation results with available in situ observations show a significant improvement in the degree of realism of the climatological model behavior, with respect to the model in which no data are assimilated. The remaining discrepancies in the model mean circulation seem to be mainly associated with deficiencies in the mean component of the surface data that are assimilated. On the other hand, the possibility of building into the model more realistic eddy characteristics through the assimilation of the surface eddy field proves very successful in driving components of the mean model circulation that are in relatively good agreement with the available observations. Comparisons with current meter time series during a time period partially overlapping the Geosat mission show that the model is able to 'correctly' extrapolate the instantaneous surface eddy signals to depths of approximately 1500 m. The correlation coefficient between current meter and model time series varies from values close to 0.7 in the top 1500 m to values as low as 0.1-0.2 in the deep ocean.
The Mortgage Interest Tax Deduction and the Great Recession

This paper revisits the mortgage interest deduction (MID) in the U.S. and its distribution across households using ZIP-code level data from the IRS Statistics of Income. Since the Great Recession, the total and average amount of mortgage interest deducted has fallen signiﬁcantly along with the number of deduction claimants as the home-ownership rate has declined dramatically since the peak of the mid-2000’s housing boom. We also use housing supply as an instrumental variable to better understand how geographic dispersion in housing prices can account for variation in ZIP-code average MID claims. While housing tax beneﬁts are concentrated in high-income areas and regions with inelastic supply, the dollar share of the MID has fallen among the wealthy since the housing bust. We further discuss the implications for policy changes such as the prospects of capping or eliminating the MID or relaxing zoning laws.
Association of prenatal antibiotics with measures of infant adiposity and the gut microbiome.

Prenatal antibiotic exposure has been associated with an altered infant gut microbiome composition and higher risk of childhood obesity, but no studies have examined if prenatal antibiotics simultaneously alter the gut microbiome and adiposity in infants. In this prospective study (Nurture: recruitment 2013–2015 in North Carolina, United States), we examined in 454 infants the association of prenatal antibiotic exposure (by any prenatal antibiotic exposure; by trimester of pregnancy; by number of courses; by type of antibiotics) with infant age- and sex-specific weight-for-length z score (WFL-z) and skinfold thicknesses (subscapular, triceps, abdominal) at 12 months of age. In a subsample, we also examined whether prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated with alterations in the infant gut microbiome at ages 3 and 12 months. Compared to infants not exposed to prenatal antibiotics, infants who were exposed to any prenatal antibiotics had 0.21 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02, 0.41) higher WFL-z at 12 months, and 0.28 (95% CI 0.02, 0.55) higher WFL-z if they were exposed to antibiotics in the second trimester, after adjustment for potential confounders, birth weight, and gestational age. We also observed a dose-dependent association (P-value for trend = 0.006) with infants exposed to ≥ 3 courses having 0.41 (95% CI 0.13, 0.68) higher WFL-z at 12 months. After further adjustment for delivery method, only second-trimester antibiotic exposure remained associated with higher infant WFL-z (0.27, 95% CI 0.003, 0.54) and subscapular skinfold thickness (0.49 mm, 95% CI 0.11, 0.88) at 12 months. Infants exposed to second-trimester antibiotics versus not had differential abundance of 13 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) at age 3 months and 17 ASVs at 12 months (false discovery rate adjusted P-value < 0.05). Prenatal antibiotic exposure in the second trimester was associated with an altered infant gut microbiome composition at 3 and 12 months and with higher infant WFL-z and subscapular skinfold thickness at 12 months.
Abstract 2534: A comparative analysis of fraction genome altered vs tumor mutational count in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related death among men in the United States. Although 5 new life-prolonging agents have been FDA-approved for castration resistant prostate cancer in the past 8 years, drug resistance limits the durability of responses to these agents for most patients. We hypothesized that biomarkers of genomic alterations, defined as fraction genome altered (% of copy number altered chromosome regions out of measured regions) and mutational count (number of mutational events per cases), were prognostic biomarkers which might provide insights into resistance mechanisms. We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n= 490 primary prostate cancer) dataset to analyze fraction of genome altered and tumor mutational count in prostate tumors. Patients whose primary prostate cancer harbored a high frequency of fraction genome altered exhibited significant disease progression in TCGA cohort . In contrast, we did not observe a significant association between high tumor mutational count and disease progression. Fraction genome altered was more significantly associated with Gleason grade compare to tumor mutation count. Interestingly, our preliminary observation showed that primary prostate cancer patients who harbor high fraction genome altered (>6%), but low tumor mutational count ( Citation Format: Goutam Chakraborty, Mohammad Atiq, Subhiksha Nandakumar, Ying Z. Mazzu, Joshua Armenia, Yuki Yoshikawa, Nabeela Khan, Gwo-Shu M. Lee, Lorelei Mucci, Philip W. Kantoff. A comparative analysis of fraction genome altered vs tumor mutational count in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2534.
Pathogenesis of oncogenic simian adenoviruses: VI. An Ultrastructural Investigation of SV30 Replication

Abstract Newly synthesized infectious simian adenovirus 30 (SV30) was detected at 12–16 hours PI by titration of infectivity in two continuous kidney cell lines. These infectivity titers reached a maximum at 30 hours. Immunofluorescent observations correlated with the ultrastructural sequence of events. Intranuclear concentric membranes formed “tubes” which contained individual “coated” virus particles arranged in a linear order. Intranuclear rectilinear bars associated with “uncoated” nucleoids were also noted. In LLC-MK 2 and Vero cell cultures infected with SV30, increased numbers of intracytoplasmic annulate lamellae were apparent.
Transformation by Fire: Changes in Funerary Customs from the Early Agricultural to Early Preclassic Period among Prehispanic Populations of Southern Arizona

We examine the changes in funerary rituals from the Early Agricultural period (2100 BC–AD 50) to the Early Preclassic period (AD 475–750) and how these changes concurrently reflect changes in social relationships between the dead, their families, and the community. The predominant mortuary ritual in the Early Agricultural period was inhumation, possibly emphasizing a variety of identity intersections of the dead and the mourners in the treatment of the body while creating collective memories and remembrances through shared ways of commemorating the dead. An innovation in funerary practices in the form of secondary cremation appeared in the Early Agricultural period and was slowly but broadly adopted, representing new social dynamics within the society. Thereafter, secondary cremation became the main funeral custom. During the Early Preclassic period, the variation in body position and the type and quantity of objects found with individuals decreased. It is possible that the vehicle for displaying different identity intersections changed and was not placed in the body, per se, as much as in previous periods. However, the transformation characteristics of these funeral rituals and the increase in community investment could have fostered the building or reinforcing of stronger social ties that highlighted a “collective identity.”
Samarium-Activated La2Hf2O7 Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Phosphors

Recent developments in the field of designing novel nanostructures with various functionalities have pushed the scientific world to design and develop high-quality nanomaterials with multifunctiona...
Physical Review Letters: Ising-Model Critical Indices in Three Dimensions from the Callan-Symanzik Equation*

The coefficients in the Callan–Symanzik equations for a three–dimensional, continuous spin Ising model with an exp(− As 4 + Bs 2 ) spin-weight factor are expanded in the dimensionless, renormalized coupling constant. These series are summed by the Pade-Borel method to yield the critical indices γ = 1.241 ± 0.002, η=0.02 ± 0.02, v = 0.63 ± 0.01, and δ 1 = 0.49 ± 0.01.
2086-P: Peptidyl Hormone Detection in Formaldehyde-Fixed Pancreas Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging

The availability of well-documented high-quality clinical pancreas specimens in tissue depositories such as the nPOD allows multiplatform comparative investigations of the biochemical correlates of T1D and T2D disease progression. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an emerging technique that allows us to determine, in an untargeted manner, the proteins and peptides and monitor their localization within the pancreas. However, its application to specimens preserved using standard formaldehyde-induced crosslinking is limited to molecules that do not have primary amines, and thus excludes endogenous peptides and proteins. Here we are creating a MSI-compatible chemical decrosslinking to enable us to use the tissue banked materials. We found that hydroxylamine hydrochloride in acidic tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane reverses the crosslinking between model peptides in vitro. Among amino acid moieties affected by formaldehyde-fixation, arginine, lysine and cysteine demonstrate best performance leading to the restoration of peptide detection in the treated samples. This treatment is compatible with formaldehyde-fixed pancreas and successfully enables the detection of glucagon, insulin and pancreatic polypeptides localized in the α-, β- and γ-cells. Our approach opens important opportunities for multimodal investigation of large sets of well preserved and documented clinical specimens. Disclosure D. Lee: None. S. Rubakhin: None. J.V. Sweedler: None. Funding American Diabetes Association/Pathway to Stop Diabetes (1-18-VSN-19 to J.V.S.)
Offering Simulation Services Using a Hybrid Cloud/HPC Architecture

We outline the design and implementation of a system which implements the Simulation as a Service (SMaaS) model. SMaaS is based on the Software as a Service (SaaS) model, extending SaaS to include High-Performance Computing (HPC)-hosted applications. Simulations in an HPC context can be expensive, complex, and lengthy. The use of a cloud to provide and manage simulations as a service on an HPC cluster provides greater flexibility for users, in particular smaller businesses and educational institutions that might otherwise struggle to use simulation in their work. Adding a cloud to a standard HPC setup allows the HPC component to specialize in its strengths (e.g., performing calculations, storing Big Data), while the cloud can provide its own capabilities. We show how a cloud’s ability to scale up/down and support heterogeneous environments provides support for all phases of simulation workflow—education, prototyping, and production. This chapter covers several different systems built at the Ohio Supercomputer Center. All systems have been deployed to production and used by paying customers. In addition to strictly technical concerns issues related to payment, licensing, and other business topics are covered.
Nondestructive Characterization of Antireflective Coatings on PV Modules

Antireflective coatings (ARCs) are used on the vast majority of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules to increase power production. However, ARC longevity can vary from less than 1 to over 15 years depending on coating quality and deployment conditions. A technique that can quantify ARC degradation nondestructively on commercial modules would be useful both for in-field diagnostics and accelerated aging tests. In this article, we demonstrate that accurate measurements of ARC spectral reflectance can be performed using a modified commercially available integrating-sphere probe. The measurement is fast, accurate, nondestructive, and can be performed outdoors in full-sun conditions. We develop an interferometric model that estimates coating porosity, thickness, and fractional area coverage from the measured reflectance spectrum for a uniform single-layer coating. We demonstrate the measurement outdoors on an active PV installation, identify the presence of an ARC, and estimate the properties of the coating.
A representation theorem for the Lorentz cone automorphisms

In this note we prove a representation theorem for the symmetric cone automorphisms in the spin algebra\, $\Ln$.
Cancer Yield Exceeds 2% for BI-RADS 3 Probably Benign Findings in Women Older Than 60 Years in the National Mammography Database

Cancer yield of probably benign mammographic findings (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 3) was greater with advancing age (P < .001) and availability of prior comparison (P = .006).
Reflexology and meditative practices for symptom management among people with cancer: Results from a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial.

Optimal sequencing of complementary therapies can help improve symptom management through nonpharmacological approaches. A 12-week sequential multiple assignment randomized trial comparing home-based reflexology and meditative practices on severity of fatigue and other symptoms was conducted among patients with cancer and their informal caregivers. Dyads were initially randomized to reflexology (N = 150), meditative practices (N = 150), or control (N = 47). If patient's fatigue did not improve (nonresponse) after 4 weeks of reflexology or meditative practices, the dyad was rerandomized to either add the other therapy or continue with the original therapy for weeks 5-8. Four decision rules (DRs) were compared: (1) Initiating reflexology, and if nonresponse on fatigue after 4 weeks, continue with reflexology for another 4 weeks, thus providing a higher dose; (2) Initiating reflexology, and if nonresponse on fatigue after 4 weeks, add meditative practices for the next 4 weeks; (3) Initiating meditative practices, and if nonresponse on fatigue after 4 weeks, continue meditative practices for another 4 weeks, thus providing a higher dose; and (4) Initiating meditative practices, and if nonresponse on fatigue after 4 weeks, add reflexology for the next 4 weeks. Symptoms were evaluated weekly using the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI). Clinically, nurses can recommend either therapy since no differences were found among the 4 DRs, with the exception of lower severity for summed MDASI symptoms at week 8 for the use of reflexology only (DR-1) versus DR-2 (sequencing reflexology to meditative practices). Adding the other therapy for nonresponders after 4 weeks may not be warranted.
Kenneth Burke : rhetoric, subjectivity, postmodernism

1. Ideology as rhetoric 2. Counter Statement: aesthetic humanism 3. Permanence and Change: a biological subject of history 4. Attitudes towards History: the agon of history 5. The Philosophy of Literary Form: history without origin or telos 6. A Grammar of Motives: the rhetorical constitution of the subject 7. A Rhetoric of Motives: ideological and utopian rhetoric 8. The Rhetoric of Religion: history in eclipse.
Multiple Frequencies in Dynamic Systems

Ordinarily a structural system with n degrees-of-freedom can be expected to have n different and distinct natural frequencies. However, under certain conditions two or even more of the frequencies have the same value. It is the purpose of this paper to consider a three-degree-of-freedom system with three identical natural frequencies and to arrive at certain conclusions regarding the characteristics of the system.
The Simple Welfare Economics of Network Externalities and the Uneasy Case for Subscribership Subsidies

The goal of universal service has dominated the telecommunications policy landscape for at least the past half century. This policy objective has been promoted with cross subsidies from long-distance telecommunications services to subscribers to local telecommunications service. The economic rationale for these cross subsidies is network externalities. In this paper, we show that: (1) the presence of network externalities, even if substantial in overall magnitude, does not generally justify a subscribership subsidy, even a well-designed one; and (2) the empirical realities of telecommunications markets make it unlikely that subscribership subsidies of any kind will increase social welfare.
Hierarchical learning in stochastic domains: preliminary results

This paper presents the HDG learning algorithm, which uses a hierarchical decomposition of the state space to make learning to achieve goals more efficient with a small penalty in path quality. Special care must be taken when performing hierarchical planning and learning in stochastic domains, because macro-operators cannot be executed ballistically. The HDG algorithm, which is a descendent of Watkins' Q-learning algorithm, is described here and preliminary empirical results are presented.
Eruption age of an approximately 100,000-year-old basalt from Ar-40/Ar-39 analysis of partially degassed xenoliths

Eleven samples from five partially degassed Mesozoic granitic xenoliths and two late Pleistocene host basalt samples from Sawmill Canyon in Sierra Nevada, California, have been analyzed using stepwise Ar-40/Ar-39 dating techniques. The petrography and analytic techniques are described and the results are presented. Isotopic compositions of Ar released from the xenoliths in several extraction steps at temperatures below about 900 C were colinear in Ar-36/Ar-40 versus Ar-39/Ar-40 diagrams and defined isochrons, giving a mean age of degassing of 119,000 + or - 7000 yr. Ar-40 extracted at higher temperatures included ancient radiogenic Ar-40 that never diffused from the xenoliths during immersion in the magma. This Ar-40 caused an increase in the apparent age for the high-temperature extractions. The high precision of the eruption age determined by this method is comparable to that obtained elsewhere by conventional K/Ar dating of sanidine.
Motivation as an Enabler for Academic Success.

Student motivation as an academic enabler for school success is discussed. Contrary to many views, however, the authors conceive of student motivation as a multifaceted construct with different com...
A first-principles approach to constructing transfer functions for admission control in computing systems

This paper develops a first principles approach to constructing parameterized transfer function models for an abstraction of admission control, the M/M/1/K queueing system. We linearize this system using the first order model y(k+1)=ay(k)+bu(k), where y is the output (e.g., number in system) and u is the buffer size. The pole a is estimated as the lag 1 autocorrelation of y at steady state, and b is estimated using dy/du. With these analytic models for a and b, we study the effects of workload (i.e., arrival and service rates) and sample times. We show that a and b move in opposite directions at large utilizations, an effect that can have significant. implications on closed loop poles. Further, the DC gain for response time and number in system drops to 0 as buffer size increases, and the DC gain of number in system converges to 0.5 as workload intensity becomes large. These insights may aid in designing robust and/or adaptive controllers for computing systems. Finally, our models provide insight into why the integral control of a Lotus Notes e-mail server has an oscillatory response to a change in reference value.
Hereditary Pancreatic Cancer

Neoplastic processes of the pancreas can be divided into two broad categories based on the histopathologic properties of the tumor. Tumors of exocrine differentiation include those resembling pancreatic ducts or acinar cells. This category includes pancreatic adenocarcinoma, intraductal mucinous tumors, solid pseudopapillary tumors, and acinar cell carcinoma. Tumors of endocrine differentiation exhibit characteristics of the various islet cell populations and include, among others, insulinomas, glucagonomas, and gastrinomas.
Rheoptical Studies of Blends of Poly(Styrene-b-Butadiene-b-Styrene) and Polystyrene.

Polyblends of poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) and polystyrene were cast from a tetrahydrofuran/methyl ehtyl ketone mixture using a spin caster. These samples were found to undergo a “strain-induced plastic-rubber transition” upon deformation. Infrared dichroism and birefringence studies both indicate the high orientation of the polybutadiene chains, but not of the polystyrene chains. Thus most of the deformation after the “transition” has taken place is due to the rubbery domains. Scanning electron micrographs show some surface fracture upon stretching for those samples containing high polystyrene content. Small angle x-ray scattering results reveal that the morphology in the three coordinate directions was different. Upon stretching, the polystyrene domains may have broken up into smaller sub-domains, which could be responsible for the observed plastic-rubber transition. Furthermore, there was a decrease in the total scattering intensity for the stretched samples, indicating a change in the mean square fluctuation of electron density of the stretched sample. The small angle light scattering patterns appear to be consistent with the above proposed interpretations.