cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Employment Situation of Skilled Staff in a Company and Relevant Strategies

At present,the difficulty of employment and the shortage of workers have become a problem in the development of a enterprise.How to solve it and employ a flexible ways to meet the demand of labor are the trouble an enterprise should cope with immediately.Through the analysis of employment situation and demanding tendency,the paper put forward some strategies and suggestions so that an enterprise can choose appropriate ways to solve the difficulties.
Detection of QTLs Responsible for Grinding Quality of Rice with RIL Population

With Asominori as female parent and IR24 as male parent,a population of 71 recombinant inbred lines(RIL)were constructed through single seed descent.A QTL analysis for percentage of brown rice(BR)and head milled rice(MR)together with grinding quality were further continued based on two ecological environments with different thermal conditions in Guizhou.The results showed that the grinding quality of rice was controlled by more than one QTL and closely related with environmental factors which also had a great effect on both BR and MR;QTLs responsible for percentage of BR and MR were both identified in chromosome 2 between G1185 and C1236 regional fragments.Therefore,our research could provide a theoretical guide for the improvement of grinding quality of rice.
The effect of sheared toroidal rotation on pressure driven magnetic islands in toroidal plasmas

The impact of sheared toroidal rotation on the evolution of pressure driven magnetic islands in tokamak plasmas is investigated using a resistive magnetohydrodynamics model augmented by a neoclassical Ohm's law. Particular attention is paid to the asymptotic matching data as the Mercier indices are altered in the presence of sheared flow. Analysis of the nonlinear island Grad-Shafranov equation shows that sheared flows tend to amplify the stabilizing pressure/curvature contribution to pressure driven islands in toroidal tokamaks relative to the island bootstrap current contribution. As such, sheared toroidal rotation tends to reduce saturated magnetic island widths.
A wolf in sheep's clothing: a non-functioning islet cell tumor of the pancreas masquerading as a microcystic (serous cystic) adenoma.

Context The endosonographic appearance of a microcystic “honeycomb” lesion of the pancreas usually indicates a serous cystic adenoma. Case report We report a case of a nonfunctioning islet cell tumor that has the typical icrocystic “honeycomb” appearance of a serous cystic adenoma. The implications for endoscopic ltrasound diagnosis and management of cystic pancreatic lesions are discussed. Conclusion Islet cell tumors are a rare differential diagnosis of microcystic pancreatic lesions. If fine needle aspiration remains non-diagnostic preoperative distinction from serous cystic adenomas may be impossible.
Bacteria thread the needle.

When bacteria attack another organism, one of the first steps is the injection of 'virulence effector proteins' into its cells. Two of the main players in such a system have been caught in action.
TCL1 Expression in B-Cell Tumors Is Dynamically Regulated by Maturation Stage, Proliferation, and the Follicular Microenvironment.

Abstract The kinase comodulator TCL1 is the primary initiating oncogene in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and can produce B-cell or T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) following transgenic expression in mice. Given its strong expression in some non-neoplastic B-cell subsets, the role of TCL1 as an oncogene in human B-cell tumors is less clear. Using a recently developed TCL1 monoclonal antibody (clone 1–21), we examined the relationship between TCL1 expression and B-cell maturation stage in tumor tissue arrays, lymphoma cell lines, primary tumor samples and in vitro stimulation assays. Results were compared with immunohistochemical expression of a variety of maturation, activation and cell proliferation markers and with the somatic hypermutation status determined by VH transcript analysis (
Effects of Bacillus subtilis strains and the prebiotic Previda® on growth, immune parameters and susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

This study was conducted to evaluate the individual and combined effects of long-term feeding of diets containing two probiotic Bacillus subtilis group strains (Aqua NZ and AP193) and the prebiotic Previda®, a commercial hemicellulose extract, on growth performance, immune parameters and Aeromonas hydrophila susceptibility of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Nile tilapia of average weight 7.47 ± 0.11 g were fed diets formulated with the probiotics and/or the prebiotic, or a control diet for 8 weeks and, subsequently, challenged with A. hydrophila by intragastric gavage at a dosage of 3.9 × 107 CFU per fish. Fish attained a mean weight of 59.5 ± 0.99 g at the end of the growth period. Under the conditions of the present trial, none of the diets significantly improved mean per cent weight gain (P = 0.70), thermal growth coefficient (P = 0.88) or feed conversion ratio (P = 0.87) of Nile tilapia. Except for the diet containing the prebiotic Previda® only (P = 0.17), all other diets resulted in significantly higher fish survival compared to the control (P < 0.05). The combined effect of the prebiotic and probiotic strains emerged as the most important diet with respect to mortality reduction. The mean lysozyme and respiratory burst activities did not show any significant differences between treatments and control (P = 0.14 and 0.32, respectively). Thus, these probiotic strains used in this study have the potential to prevent disease due to A. hydrophila in O. niloticus.
Hit by the Bus: QoS Degradation Attack on Android

Mobile apps need optimal performance and responsiveness to rise amongst numerous rivals on the market. Further, some apps like media streaming or gaming apps cannot even function properly with a performance below a certain threshold. In this work, we present the first performance degradation attack on Android OS that can target rival apps using a combination of logical channel leakages and low-level architectural bottlenecks in the underlying hardware. To show the viability of the attack, we design a proof-of-concept app and test it on various mobile platforms. The attack runs covertly and brings the target to the level of unresponsiveness. With less than 10% CPU time in the worst case, it requires minimal computational effort to run as a background service, and requires only the UsageStats permission from the user. We quantify the impact of our attack using 11 popular benchmark apps, running 44 different tests.} The measured QoS degradation varies across platforms and applications, reaching a maximum of 90\% in some cases. The attack combines the leakage from logical channels with low-level architectural bottlenecks to design a malicious app that can covertly degrade Quality of Service (QoS) of any targeted app. Furthermore, our attack code has a small footprint and is not detected by the Android system as malicious. Finally, our app can pass the Google Play Store malware scanner, Google Bouncer, as well as the top malware scanners in the Play Store.
Abstract 4841: Suppression of metastasis by KP54 and non-KP54 kisspeptins

KISS1 is a secreted neuropeptide which can act as a metastasis suppressor protein. Expression of KISS1 inhibits metastatic colonization at secondary sites, rendering disseminated cells dormant. In order for KISS1 to suppress metastasis, it must be secreted outside of the cell, where furin cleaves KISS1 into kisspeptins. This cleavage liberates an internal kisspeptin, Kisspeptin-54 (KP54, K67 to F121), which is amidated and has the ability to bind a Gq/11-coupled protein receptor KISS1R. The mechanism of action for KISS1 metastasis suppression has long been assumed to be KP54 interacting with KISS1R. However, expression of KISS1R is not necessary for KISS1 metastasis suppression, and the extracellular processing of KISS1 hints at an alternative hypothesis: a different kisspeptin may be responsible for suppressing metastasis. To test this hypothesis, all possible kisspeptins were generated based on known dibasic cleavage sites (M1-Q145; M1-R56; M1-R67; M1-R124; R56-R66; R67-F121; R56-F121; R56-Q145; R67-Q145; R124-Q145) and were cloned to include the same secretion sequence as nascent KISS1. These kisspeptins (KISS1 Manufactured Peptides, or KMP) were independently expressed in B16-F10 murine melanoma cells. To test for experimental metastasis, B16-F10 cells expressing KMP were injected intravenously into the lateral tail vein of syngeneic mice and the lungs were examined for metastatic load. While KP54 suppressed metastasis, additional KMP lacking the KISS1R binding site (LRF-NH2) were able to completely suppress metastasis (p Citation Format: Kelsey Rebecca Hampton, Keke M. Pounds, Andrew P. Trembath, Danny R. Welch. Suppression of metastasis by KP54 and non-KP54 kisspeptins [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4841. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4841
Assessment of nutrition and physical activity environments in family child care homes: Modification and psychometric testing of the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation

Early care and education (ECE) settings play an important role in shaping the nutrition and physical activity habits of young children. Increasing research attention is being directed toward family child care homes (FCCHs) specifically. However, existing measures of child care nutrition and physical activity environments are limited in that they have been created for use with center-based programs and require modification for studies involving FCCHs. This paper describes the modification of the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) for use in FCCHs. The EPAO underwent a through modification process that incorporated an updated format for the data collection instrument, assessment of emerging best practices, tailoring to the FCCH environment, and creation of a new scoring rubric. The new instrument was implemented as part of a larger randomized control trial. To assess inter-rater reliability, observations on 61 different days were performed independently by two data collectors. To assess construct validity, associations between EPAO scores and measures of children’s dietary intake (Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score) and physical activity (accelerometer-measured minutes per hour of moderate to vigorous physical activity, MVPA) were examined. The modified EPAO assesses 38 nutrition and 27 physical activity best practices, which can be summarized into 7 nutrition-related and 10 physical activity-related environmental sub- scores as well as overall nutrition and overall physical activity scores. There was generally good agreement between data collectors (ICC > 0.60). Reliability was slightly lower for feeding practices and physical activity education and professional development (ICC = 0.56 and 0.22, respectively). Child HEI was significantly correlated with the overall nutrition score (r = 0.23), foods provided (r = 0.28), beverages provided (r = 0.15), nutrition education and professional development (r = 0.21), and nutrition policy (r = 0.18). Child MVPA was significantly associated with overall time provided for activity (r = 0.18) and outdoor playtime (r = 0.20). There was also an unexpected negative association between child MVPA and screen time (−0.16) and screen time practices (r = −0.21). The EPAO for the FCCH instrument is a useful tool for researchers working with this unique type of ECE setting. It has undergone rigorous development and testing and appears to have good psychometric properties. NCT01814215 , March 15, 2013.
Machine Learning on a Genome-wide Association Study to Predict Late Genitourinary Toxicity After Prostate Radiation Therapy.

Purpose Late genitourinary (GU) toxicity after radiation therapy limits the quality of life of prostate cancer survivors; however, efforts to explain GU toxicity using patient and dose information have remained unsuccessful. We identified patients with a greater congenital GU toxicity risk by identifying and integrating patterns in genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods and Materials We applied a preconditioned random forest regression method for predicting risk from the genome-wide data to combine the effects of multiple SNPs and overcome the statistical power limitations of single-SNP analysis. We studied a cohort of 324 prostate cancer patients who were self-assessed for 4 urinary symptoms at 2 years after radiation therapy using the International Prostate Symptom Score. Results The predictive accuracy of the method varied across the symptoms. Only for the weak stream endpoint did it achieve a significant area under the curve of 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.54-0.86; P = .01) on hold-out validation data that outperformed competing methods. Gene ontology analysis highlighted key biological processes, such as neurogenesis and ion transport, from the genes known to be important for urinary tract functions. Conclusions We applied machine learning methods and bioinformatics tools to genome-wide data to predict and explain GU toxicity. Our approach enabled the design of a more powerful predictive model and the determination of plausible biomarkers and biological processes associated with GU toxicity.
Infectious disease risks in pediatric renal transplantation.

Renal transplantation is a vital treatment option in children with ESRD with more than 10,000 pediatric kidney transplants and survival rates of greater than 80% at 10 years post-transplant in the USA alone. Despite these advances, infection remains a significant cause of morbidity in pediatric recipients. Screening potential organ donors and recipients is imperative to identify and mitigate infectious risks in the transplant patient. Despite the unique risks of each patient, the timing of many infections post-transplant is predictable. In early post-transplant infections (within 30 days), bacterial and fungal pathogens predominate with donor-derived events and nosocomial infections. In the intermediate period (31–180 days after transplant), latent infections from donor organs, such as EBV and CMV, develop. Late infections occurring > 180 days after the transplant can be due to latent pathogens or community-acquired organisms. Approaching an infectious evaluation in a pediatric kidney recipient requires finesse to diagnose and treat this vulnerable population in a timely manner. The following article highlights the most relevant and common infections including clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnostic techniques, and treatment options.
Nonlocal rheology of dense granular flow in annular shear experiments

The flow of dense granular materials at low inertial numbers cannot be fully characterized by local rheological models; several nonlocal rheologies have recently been developed to address these shortcomings. To test the efficacy of these models across different packing fractions and shear rates, we perform experiments in a quasi-2D annular shear cell with a fixed outer wall and a rotating inner wall, using photoelastic particles. The apparatus is designed to measure both the stress ratio μ (the ratio of shear to normal stress) and the inertial number I through the use of a torque sensor, laser-cut leaf springs, and particle-tracking. We obtain μ(I) curves for several different packing fractions and rotation rates, and successfully find that a single set of model parameters is able to capture the full range of data collected once we account for frictional drag with the bottom plate. Our measurements confirm the prediction that there is a growing lengthscale at a finite value μs, associated with a frictional yield criterion. Finally, we newly identify the physical mechanism behind this transition at μs by observing that it corresponds to a drop in the susceptibility to force chain fluctuations.
A Touch from Myofibroblasts Puts the Squeeze on Myonuclei.

The even positioning of nuclei at the periphery of differentiated myofibers is among the most striking examples of cellular organization. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Roman et al. (2018) show that fibronectin deposited by the associated myofibroblasts initiates both lateral and peripheral nuclear movements by distinct downstream mechanisms.
Gene Therapeutics in Autoimmune Diabetes

While pharmacologic agents will no doubt continue to be discovered to promote safer immunosuppression, insulin sensitisation and enhancement of insulin output, diabetes mellitus will continue to be a challenging disorder in which these agents could be applied. Gene therapeutics, however, will take advantage of the knowledge of the underlying stage and severity of diabetes and will very likely be patient-specific. Nonetheless, a targeted approach, which is offered by gene medicines, is certainly much better than the systemic effects and toxicities that many drugs in use today are associated with.
Synthetic approaches to the daphnane and tigliane diterpenes from aromatic precursors

Abstract Synthetic studies toward the daphnane and tigliane diterpenes, a large family of natural products from the plant families Euphorbiaceae and Thymelaeaceae, are reported. Retrosynthetic analysis traced these molecules back to an aromatic precursor and several routes were explored in the forward direction to access such motifs. Two strategies ultimately proved capable of forging complex 5,7,6-fused tricyclic ring systems, one of which proceeded in only seven steps.
Thematic Analysis of Interprofessional Provider Perceptions of Pediatric Death.

Abstract Purpose Though provider and patient perceptions of death are characterized in the adult population literature, there is limited information related to providers' perceptions in pediatric and neonatal patients. The purpose of this study was to better understand how interprofessional care team members perceive and experience neonatal and pediatric end-of-life situations. Design and methods This survey questionnaire was administered to interprofessional providers following their participation in an institutional workshop, as part of an ongoing institutional effort to improve end-of-life experiences for patients/family and providers. Interprofessional care providers completed an electronic survey consisting of closed-ended and one open-ended question to elicit their perceptions of their participation in end of life care for a recent neonatal/pediatric patient in the period before the child's death. Results The qualitative analysis of 306 free-text responses commenting on the deaths of 138 patients, contained within 880 completed mixed-method surveys, is described. Thematic analysis of the free text discovered three primary themes from the data: favorable aspects of the death experience, unfavorable aspects of the experience, and combined favorable and unfavorable aspects. Four subthemes contributed to the themes; namely, language, parental presence, trust/rapport in provider relationships and inclusion in decision-making, communication, and culture. Conclusions Multiple factors contribute to how interprofessional care providers perceive end-of-life care experiences for neonatal/pediatric patients. The same death may be perceived differently by different providers. Practice implications Understanding favorable and unfavorable aspects of providing end-of-life care will support strategies to provide resources, education and support to facilitate coping and resiliency in care providers.
A Role for Dependent Types in Haskell (Extended version)

Modern Haskell supports zero-cost coercions, a mechanism where types that share the same run-time representation may be freely converted between. To make sure such conversions are safe and desirable, this feature relies on a mechanism of roles to prohibit invalid coercions. In this work, we show how to integrate roles with dependent type systems and prove, using the Coq proof assistant, that the resulting system is sound. We have designed this work as a foundation for the addition of dependent types to the Glasgow Haskell Compiler, but we also expect that it will be of use to designers of other dependently-typed languages who might want to adopt Haskell's safe coercions feature.
Prognostication of Accrued Damage and Impending Failure Under Temperature-Vibration in Leadfree Electronics

Electronics in defense applications may be exposed to sustained period of high temperature vibration. A number of mission critical applications are enabled through electronics control systems including navigation, guidance and control. Prognostication methods for assessment of accrued damage and identification of impending failure are needed under combined temperature vibration environments. In this paper, two-formats of leadfree board assemblies have been used to study the effect of prognostication sensor-location and use-conditions on the detectability of accrued damage and identification of impending failure. Transient strain deformation histories have been acquired using strain gauges fixed on the backside of the PCB, in the footprint of the front-side part. Feature vectors have been identified and their evolution studied in the pre-failure space. Effect of sensor location on the fidelity of early-identification of damage onset has been quantified. The feature-vectors were analyzed using a combination of statistical and frequency-based techniques. The frequency content of the strain signal is analyzed and patterns corresponding to before and after failure of electronic components at different conditions of vibration loads. A comparison of different feature vectors and change in the behavior of feature vectors with damage evolution under temperature and vibration has been quantified.
Nanoscale investigation of silicon dioxide nanofluids and implications for enhanced oil recovery – An atomic force microscope study

Abstract The use of silica-based nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has received significant attention recently. Aqueous dispersion of silica nanoparticles (
Risk Factors for Prolonged Time to Discharge in Total Hip Patients Performed in an Ambulatory Surgery Center due to Complaints of the Inability to Void

Abstract Background Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is among the reasons for delay in discharge after outpatient total hip arthroplasty (THA), occurring in 2%-46% of patients. We hypothesized that the frequency of POUR following outpatient THA in the ambulatory surgery center (ASC) is low compared to previously reported rates and that management can be effective in the perioperative period when it is encountered. Methods Three hundred seventy-seven THA patients (409 hips) who had arthroplasties in the ASC over a 5-year period were identified. Preoperatively, appropriate demographic information and medical comorbidities were collected from patient health history questionnaires completed during clinic visits. Intraoperatively, albumin volume administered and estimated blood loss were recorded. Postoperatively, post-anesthesia care unit medications, patients who reported an inability to urinate, and those who required urinary catheterization were recorded. Results POUR occurred in only 2 patients but complaints of the inability to void occurred in 38 others for an incidence of 9.8%. Factors associated with POUR and the inability to urinate included older age, time spent in the ASC, and intraoperatively albumin volume administered. No significant differences were found in body mass index, preoperative hematocrit, estimated blood loss, surgical time, or operating time. Conclusion POUR was infrequent but the reported inability to urinate was not (9.8%) and can be safely managed when it does occur and we found that increased age and albumin volume over 500 mL may increase the risk for a prolonged length of stay due to the inability to urinate.
Bullying and Hazing in Computer Science

To determine how prevalent hazing is in tenure-track computer science positions at United States research universities, a survey was sent to all individuals holding a position with a tenure-track title at these universities. This article reports that 26% of respondents reported one or more activities commonly associated with bullying / hazing occurring to them and 20% reported being aware of it happening to a colleague in a tenure-track position. Even more problematic, 71% of respondents reported having one or more symptoms commonly associated with hazing or bullying themselves and 56% of respondents reported observing these symptoms in a tenure-track colleague. Despite this, the vast majority of respondents indicated that they did not consider themselves to be hazed or bullied.
The Integrated "Multiomics" Landscape at Peak Injury and Resolution From Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a significant clinical problem for which the most effective therapy is alcohol abstinence. The two aims of this study were, first, to identify the liver transcriptome, fecal microbiome, and portal serum metabolome at peak injury and during early and late resolution from ALD; and second, to integrate their interactions and understand better the pathogenesis of ALD. To provoke alcohol-induced liver injury, female and male wild-type mice were fed the control or ethanol Lieber-DeCarli diets for 6 weeks. To study early and late resolution, alcohol was withdrawn from the diet and mice were sacrificed after 3 and 14 days, respectively. At peak injury, there was increased signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat3), Rho-GTPases, Tec kinase and glycoprotein VI (Gp6), and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling. During resolution from ALD, there was up-regulation of vitamin D receptor/retinoid X receptor, toll-like receptor, p38 and Stat3, and down-regulation of liver X receptor signaling. Females showed significant changes in catabolic pathways, whereas males increased cellular stress, injury, and immune-response pathways that decreased during resolution. The bacterial genus Alistipes and the metabolite dipeptide glycyl-L-leucine increased at peak but decreased during resolution from ALD in both genders. Hepatic induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase (Map3k1) correlated with changes in the microbiome and metabolome at peak but was restored during ALD resolution. Inhibition of MAP3K1 protected from ALD in mice. Conclusion: Alcohol abstinence restores the liver transcriptome, fecal microbiome, and portal serum metabolome in a gender-specific manner. Integration of multiomics data identified Map3k1 as a key gene driving pathogenesis and resolution from ALD.
Patient narratives of hope in stem cell technologies: Trust in biomedicine and the body’s natural ability to heal itself:

The scholarship on patient hope in biomedical technologies describes two narratives of hope: the biomedical and the individual. The biomedical narrative represents patients' beliefs that the institution of science will eventually produce treatment for their disease, whereas the individual narrative represents patients' beliefs that they can alter their prognosis through affective and behavioral modifications. The distinct analytical categories of "biomedical" and "individual," however, fail to account for the fact that patient hope has been found to be much more complex. Building upon extant literature, we contribute to the understanding of the complexity of patient hope in biomedical technologies by examining a case that highlights interdependencies between the biomedical and individual narratives: hope in stem cell technologies (SCTs). We draw upon interviews with patients with Parkinson's Disease, and find two narratives of hope: a biomedical narrative, as captured above, and an additional hybrid narrative, which we call a nature narrative. The nature narrative reflects patients' beliefs that scientists will eventually create SCTs that will allow their individual body to naturally heal itself, which combines a biomedical and an individual narrative.
A Machine Learning Approach to Mass-Conserving Ice Thickness Interpolation

The subglacial topography of the Earth's ice sheets is a critical input to models of the evolution of ice sheets and sea level rise. Direct measurements of ice thickness, however, are sparse, necessitating techniques for interpolating these measurements. One class of interpolation methods enforces physical constraints to transform the problem into an inversion. A challenge with these approaches is that multiple unknown parameters must be solved for simultaneously. We introduce a new numerical approach to solving for mass conservation-constrained ice thickness maps. This technique, based on a physics-informed neural network, allows for the flexible incorporation of a range of soft constraints. In the future, this could enable simultaneous estimation of ice velocity, bed topography, and sliding parameters.
Through-Bond Interaction Via Cyclobutane Relay Orbitals as a Means of Extending Conjugation

The hydrocarbon series represented by tricyclo[5.5.0.02,8]- dodecatetraene (11), tricyclo[5.3.0.02,8]deca-3,5,9-triene (12), and 9,10-dimethylenetricyclo[5.3.0.02,8]deca-3,5-diene (13) has been synthesized from dimethyl e-truxillate. Stepwise belting of a preformed all-trans 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted cyclobutane with proper differentiation of the 1,3- and 2,4-positions is crucial to successful twofold annulation. The response of these structurally unusual hydrocarbons to thermal and photochemical activation is described. Especially revealing are their photoelectron spectra. For 11, a substantial interaction exists between the orthogonal 1,3-diene systems via the central fourmembered ring. The level of “ring conjugation” far exceeds that found in any spiroconjugated molecule. The contrasting behavior of 12 and 13 is reported as well. Finally, the experimental data are compared with theoretical predictions.
Automating the quality assurance of an on–line knowledge–based classifier by fusing multiple off–line classifiers

We address two problems in the lifecycle of a production classifier : the monitoring of its decisions quality and the updating of the classifier over time . The proposed architecture consists of four off – line classifiers and an associative fusion module . The fusion is a T – norm based outer – product of the classifiers ′ normalized outputs . By attaching a confidence measure to each output of the fusion , we generate a distribution of the production classifier 's quality . The lower tail of this distribution identifies the least reliable cases , which become candidates for auditing and manual QA . The upper tail identifies the most reliable cases , which become candidates for updating the standard reference data set used to design and tune the production classifier . We illustrate this approach with an insurance underwriting problem .
Regulation of US Equity Markets

The basic concept underpinning much of the US federal securities regulation is disclosure regulation. Keywords: regulation of US equity markets
Rural–Urban Distribution of the U.S. Geriatrics Physician Workforce

OBJECTIVES: To determine the distribution of geriatricians across the rural�urban continuum from 2000 to 2008 and to compare with primary care physicians in 2008. DESIGN: County-level analysis of physician data from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile for 2000, 2004, and 2008 merged with U.S. Census data on the number of older (?65) county residents. Descriptive statistics for each year were stratified according to 2003 Rural Urban Continuum Codes (RUCCs). SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: Physicians in the United States. MEASUREMENTS: Number of physicians per county elderly population. RESULTS: The number of self-identified geriatricians nationwide increased from 5,157 to 7,412 from 2000 to 2008. The number of geriatricians increased in each RUCC level, with nearly 90% of geriatricians residing in urban areas in all years. In 2008, the number of geriatricians per 10,000 older adults declined as rurality increased (from 1.48 in the most-urban areas to 0.80 in the most rural). General internal medicine physicians are more plentiful in urban counties and declined as rurality increased (from 27.29 to 3.85 per 10,000 older adults in 2008). In contrast, family physicians were more evenly distributed with the elderly population across the rural�urban continuum (22.02 to 14.27 per 10,000 older adults in 2008). CONCLUSION: Small numbers of geriatricians combined with a growing elderly population poses a challenge and an opportunity. Healthcare systems and policy-makers will need to modify care models to better use the skill of geriatricians in concert with other providers to provide quality care for older rural and urban Americans.
Exploring Venus by solar airplane

A solar-powered airplane is proposed to explore the atmospheric environment of Venus. Venus has several advantages for a solar airplane. At the top of the cloud level, the solar intensity is comparable to or greater than terrestrial solar intensities. The Earthlike atmospheric pressure means that the power required for flight is lower for Venus than that of Mars, and the slow rotation of Venus allows an airplane to be designed for continuous sunlight, with no energy storage needed for night-time flight. These factors mean that Venus is perhaps the easiest planet in the solar system for flight of a long-duration solar airplane.
The Impact of Technology on Skill Development

Technology is the defining buzzword of the 21st century. Our smartphones and tablets have made quantum leaps in usability and transformed our lives. One major domino effect of technology is being felt in the education and training sector. With its multiplier effect, technology can become a mighty social leveller, creating access and success for all. Melding new technology with existing infrastructure to create click-and-mortar platforms can empower the current generation with job-ready skills. Technology deployment for skill development can lead to lower costs, higher quality, and greater reach, while reducing the burden on physical infrastructure. Social innovations are blooming in a world that has become a global village due to the collapse of geographical and temporal boundaries. Learning by doing is the new mantra for vocational education and skill development.
Two cell types in rat substantia nigra zona compacta distinguished by membrane properties and the actions of dopamine and opioids

Intracellular recordings were made from 475 rat substantia nigra zona compacta neurons in vitro. The region from which recordings were made was rich in catecholamine fluorescence. Two groups of neuron, termed principal neurons (95% of the total) and secondary neurons (5% of the total) were clearly distinguishable according to one or more of the following 4 electrophysiological properties. Secondary neurons (23 cells) (1) fired spontaneous action potentials at frequencies greater than 10 Hz, or were quiescent (30%); (2) had action potentials less than 1 msec in duration; (3) did not show time-dependent inward rectification with step hyperpolarization; and (4) had slope conductances of about 4 nS (between -75 and -90 mV). In contrast, principal neurons (1) fired spontaneous action potentials in the range 1–8 Hz, or were quiescent (33%); (2) had action potentials greater than 1 msec in duration; (3) showed pronounced time-dependent inward rectification; and (4) had steady-state membrane slope conductances of around 22 nS (between -75 and -90 mV). Secondary cells were not affected by dopamine but were hyperpolarized by baclofen, GABA, and the mu opioid receptor agonist Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol (DAGO). On the other hand, dopamine and baclofen inhibited firing and/or hyperpolarized all principal cells tested, but mu or delta opioid receptor agonists had no effect. The properties of these 2 cell types broadly correspond with those described by electrophysiological studies in vivo, in which case the majority, or principal, cells are believed to be dopaminergic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
GENOTYPIC EFFECTS, MATERNAL EFFECTS AND GRAND-MATERNAL EFFECTS OF IMMOBILIZED DERIVATIVES OF THE TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT MARINER

The baseline rate of spontaneous integration of the autonomous mariner element Mos1 into the germline of Drosophila melanogaster is estimated as 16 +/- 5% (mean +/- SE) among fertile G0 flies. However, the transformation rate is reduced approximately 20-fold in Mos1 constructs with exogenous DNA in the size range 5-12 kb inserted into the SacI site. To provide alternative Mos1 helper plasmids for transformation experiments, two types of Mos1-promoter fusions were constructed: hsp-70:Mos1 and hsp26-Sgs3:Mos1. The former has the Mos1 coding region driven by the hsp70 heat-shock promoter; the latter has it driven by the basal Sgs3 promoter under the control of the hsp26 female-germline specific transcriptional regulator. When introduced into D. melanogaster by P-element-mediated germline transformation, these elements are unable to transpose or excise in the presence of autonomous Mos1-related elements (they are "marooned") because the 5' inverted repeat of Mos1 is missing. As expected, the hsp26-Sgs3:Mos1 fusions exhibit a significantly greater rate of germline excision of a target mariner element than do the hsp70:Mos1 fusions. Unexpectedly, the rate of excision of target mariner elements induced by hsp26-Sgs3:Mos1 is the same in the male germline as in the female germline. Both hsp:Mos1 fusions show strong germline expression and a maternal effect of the mariner transposase. A significant grand-maternal effect of the hsp:Mos1 fusions was also detected as a result of a maternal effect on the germline of the F1 progeny. Among flies carrying the promoter fusions inherited maternally, about three-quarters of the overall rate of germline excision derives from the direct genotypic effect and about one-quarter results from the grand-maternal effect. Despite the strong somatic expression of the hsp:Mos1 fusions, mariner transformants carrying a white+ reporter gene at the SacI site remained stable in the soma.
Foundations of Social Archaeology: Selected Writings of V. Gordon Childe

Foundations of Social Archaeology: Selected Writings of V. Gordon Childe. Thomas C. Patterson and Charles E. Orser Jr., eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2004. 211 pp.
The mechanism of the ferric ferricyanide reduction reaction

The ferric ferricyanide reaction has been generally considered to depend on the reduction of ferricyanide to ferrocyanide and, in the presence of the ferric ion, the consequent production of Prussian Blue. In testing the ability of ferricyanide to prevent the azo-coupling reactions of enterochromaffin cells and of the noradrenaline islets of the adrenal medulla, ferricyanide proved to be an effective oxidant in alkaline solution, but failed to quinonize the two catechols below pH 6. Similar results are obtained in oxidative blocking of cutaneous sulphydryl sites against the ferric ferricyanide reaction and against staining by the mercaptide acid azo-coupling reaction of Lillie & Glenner (1965). Ferric ferricyanide solutions are used at pH 2–2.5 and the ferric ion is an effective quinonizing and thiol-oxidizing agent at this pH level; the ferricyanide ion is not. The ferric ferricyanide reaction depends on the reduction of ferric to ferrous ions in the presence of ferricyanide, with the production of Turnbull's Blue.
SOME CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE CAUCHY DISTRIBUTION

Summary If X and Y are independent standard Cauchy random variables then (i) Y and (X+Y)/(1-Xu) are independent, (ii) X and (X + Y)/(1 -XU) are identically distributed, and (iii) X and 2X/(1-X2) are identically distributed. Each of these three properties is shown to characterize the Cauchy distribution among absolutely continuous distributions. Some related uniform characterizations are discussed.
Agmatine reduces ultrasonic vocalization deficits in female rat pups exposed neonatally to ethanol.

Abstract Rat pups, in isolation, produce ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs). These USVs have been used as a diagnostic tool for developmental toxicity. We have shown that neonatal ethanol (ETOH) exposure produces deficits in this behavior. The current study was designed to examine whether agmatine (AG), which binds to imidazoline receptors and modulates n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR), could reduce these deficits. In addition, this study examined critical periods for ETOH's effects on USVs by administering ETOH during either the 1st or 2nd postnatal week. Neonatal rats received intragastric intubations of either ETOH (6 g/kg/day), ETOH and AG (6 g/kg/day and 20 mg/kg/day), AG (20 mg/kg/day), or maltose on postnatal days (PND) 1–7 or 8–14. A non-intubated control was also included. Subjects were tested on PND 15. Neonatal ETOH exposure significantly increased the latency to vocalize for females and reduced the rate of USVs in both males and females exposed to ETOH on PND 1–7. Agmatine reduced these deficits, in female but not male pups. Subjects exposed to ETOH on PND 8–14 showed no evidence of abnormal USVs. These findings suggest that there may be gender differences in response to AG following neonatal ETOH exposure and also provide further support that the first neonatal week is a particularly sensitive time for the developmentally toxic effects of ETOH in rodents.
Social Representations of Turn-Taking in Classrooms: From Compulsory to Post-Compulsory Schooling in French-Speaking Switzerland.

This study focuses on the interactional processes by which participants make institutionally relevant some ways to take turns in the classroom, which is one of the first places where youth have to respect institutional constraints regarding their interactional practices. These constraints, which are reconfigured online through conversationalists’ activities, create expectations in terms of interactional competences notably concerning turn-taking, which is important because of the intrinsic link between opportunities for participation and opportunities for learning. I aim to complement the extensive literature which describes turn-taking in the classroom by focusing on the social knowledge that participants interactionally co-produce to place turn-taking strategies on an institutional value-scale and to agree with the ‘right’ way to take a turn in the classroom, in compulsory and post-compulsory schooling (i.e. do competences deployed at the lower level satisfy those promoted at the upper one?). I propose ...
The CR3 motif of Rrp44p is important for interaction with the core exosome and exosome function

The 10-subunit RNA exosome is involved in a large number of diverse RNA processing and degradation events in eukaryotes. These reactions are carried out by the single catalytic subunit, Rrp44p/Dis3p, which is composed of three parts that are conserved throughout eukaryotes. The exosome is named for the 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity provided by a large C-terminal region of the Rrp44p subunit that resembles other exoribonucleases. Rrp44p also contains an endoribonuclease domain. Finally, the very N-terminus of Rrp44p contains three Cys residues (CR3 motif) that are conserved in many eukaryotes but have no known function. These three conserved Cys residues cluster with a previously unrecognized conserved His residue in what resembles a metal-ion-binding site. Genetic and biochemical data show that this CR3 motif affects both endo- and exonuclease activity in vivo and both the nuclear and cytoplasmic exosome, as well as the ability of Rrp44p to associate with the other exosome subunits. These data provide the first direct evidence that the exosome-Rrp44p interaction is functionally important and also provides a molecular explanation for the functional defects when the conserved Cys residues are mutated.
Synthetic Pyrethroids as Package Treatments to Prevent Insect Penetration

Some stored-product insects can bore through nearly all flexible packaging materials currently used to ship and store food and feeds that are susceptible to infestation. Packages are often exposed to many species of stored-product insects in marketing channels, therefore they must be protected from boring insects as well as from insects that enter through existing, sometimes minute, openings. Insect-tight construction prevents infestation by nonboring insects, but a chemical treatment is required to prevent other species from boring through package walls to gain entrance.
Altruism in individual and joint-giving decisions: What's gender got to do with it?

Abstract This paper uses dictator experiments to examine gender differences in altruistic behavior in the United States when decisions are made individually and jointly. In anonymous individual giving to charity, women give substantially more than men, and in paired settings, mixed-sex groups give the most while all male pairs give the least. Evidence supports social information and negotiation effects as participants change giving toward that of their partners. Social image effects are found only in mixed-sex groups, indicating a gender-based component to the value of the social signal sent. Although men and women appear to have similar influence, the positive social image effect pushes giving in mixed-sex pairs above the sum of the members' individual gifts because the less altruistic partners (usually men) adjust their giving upward more than the more altruistic partners (usually women) reduce giving. Therefore, increasing women's participation in traditionally male spheres of decision making may resul...
Exercise and Self-esteem: Recommendations for Expository Research

This paper develops specific recommendations for improving research that relates exercise and self-esteem. Investigators are encouraged to regard selfesteem as a multidimensional variable and to delimit research to more molecular aspects of self-conception. A review of selected research supports and illustrates recommendations made in this paper.
The effect of monovalent cations on the sedimentation behavior of Escherichia coli ribosomes

Abstract In the presence of 5 · 10 −1 M NH 4 + and 10 −4 M Mg 2+ , the 50-S and 30-S ribosomal subunits were converted to 40-S and 28-S particles, respectively. No effect of NH 4 + was observed at Mg 2+ concentrations of 10 −3 M or higher. Other cations (5 · 10 −1 M K + , Na + , and 10 −1 M Tris) converted 70-S ribosomes to 20-S and 30-S particles. NH 4 + treatment gave ribosomes active in polyphenylalanine synthesis while other ions tested caused inactivation. The conversion of 50-S subunits into 40-S particles in the presence of 5 · 10 −1 M NH 4 + and 10 −4 M Mg 2+ was accompanied by a loss of protein. The process was reversible on addition of Mg 2+ . When NH 4 + was removed by sedimentation of 40-S particles through NH 4 + -free gradients, some of the 40-S particles were converted to material sedimenting at 30 S and the remainder was converted back to 50-S subunits. Isolated 30-S particles derived from 50-S subunits could be converted only to 40-S particles. This conversion required the addition of Mg 2+ , the addition of material released from 50-S subunits by high salt treatment, and incubation at 37°. In contrast, 30-S particles induced by Na + treatment could not be converted to 50-S subunits when Na + was removed by density gradient centrifugation, even if the Mg 2+ concentration was raised prior to sedimentation. The results are discussed in terms of a suggested model for the interconversion of particles derived from ribosomal subunits.