cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Pierre Part Store: a case study

Purpose – The purpose of this case study is to examine the impact of regional culture and family dynamics on firm survival and longevity. Secondary issues include operations management in a retail grocery, hardware, and building supply store.Design/methodology/approach – The author performed in‐depth qualitative interviews with the business owners and visited on site. The tape‐recorded interviews followed a formal list of questions, but were semi‐structured in nature.Findings – Although the store was remotely located, wise management and intelligent leadership have contributed to business success and survival into the fourth generation of family ownership.Research limitations/implications – As an exploratory qualitative case study, there are limitations concerning generalizability. Additionally, the findings here relate particularly to small family businesses.Practical implications – Family firms possess a business side and a family side. In this case, success factors on the business side included merchan...
Monocultures are hard to find in practice

The statement that computer networks executing essentially the same software (for example, a software's various versions and configurations; such as Linux or Windows) present a higher risk of cascading failures than more diversified networks when a serious vulnerability is discovered in that common software has two inherent problems. The first problem is with the concept of "essentially the same software", and the second is with the meaning of "cascading failures".
Empirical Utilization Analysis for High Performance and Grid Computing

An important Key Performance Indicator (KPI) for high performance clusters (HPC) is the average resource utilization. It is used as an indicator for the cost effectiveness of investing in a costly HPC infrastructure. Means of measuring utilization must be done as accurately as possible without adding overhead to the system to portray the ability of clusters to perform optimally at all levels, and to easily highlight the effects of external factors on their performance. By taking advantage of the HPC job scheduler's accounting and the agents of a monitoring software on compute nodes, we provide a solution to automate the process of obtaining and calculating clusters' daily and monthly utilizations. Our mechanism provides means to identify compute nodes that are online, offline, online nodes running jobs, and the desired KPI which is node occupancy. Our HPC KPI calculation mechanism can be generalized and applied on any general-purpose HPC platform of any size.
Detecting Insider Threat from Enterprise Social and Online Activity Data

Insider threat is a significant security risk for organizations. In this paper, we attempt to discover insider threat by identifying abnormal behavior in enterprise social and online activity data of employees. To this end, we process and extract relevant features that are possibly indicative of insider threat behavior. This includes features extracted from social data including email communication patterns and content, and online activity data such as web browsing patterns, email frequency, and file and machine access patterns. Subsequently, we detect statistically abnormal behavior with respect to these features using state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods, and declare this abnormal behavior as a proxy for insider threat activity. We test our approach on a real world data set with artificially injected insider threat events. We obtain a ROC score of 0.77, which shows that our proposed approach is fairly successful in identifying insider threat events. Finally, we build a visualization dashboard that enables managers and HR personnel to quickly identify employees with high threat risk scores which will enable them to take suitable preventive measures and limit security risk.
Disorganization-organization and cognitive motivation.

The Leeper-Young controversy concerning the organization versus disorganization effects of emotion is examined from three points of view (those of Thompson & Higgins, Bindra and Hebb) and a critical evaluation suggests the necessity of an alternative position. A revision is made possible in terms of experimental evidence related to stress (sensory deprivation), satiation thresholds and the reticular formation. A consideration of these experiments leads to the hypothesis that the resultant disorganized-organized behaviour is dependent primarily upon the cognitive characteristics and the satiation level rather than on the lack of sensory stimuli. The concept of cognitive motivation is discussed in relation to the above hypothesis. The acceptance of such a concept also leads to an explanation of higher cognitive functioning in lower animals as well as of lack of disorganization in deprived children. A search for culturally built-in mechanisms which absorb or amplify stress, and further investigations into neurophysiological and chemical factors now seem indicated. It is also pointed out that the satiation threshold is related to stress, psycho-gerontology (‘natural’ sensory deprivation), the reticular formation, and the short-term response of ‘quitters' and the brain injured with respect to concept formation.
A transient analysis of a micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)

A two-dimensional, axisymmetric transient computational fluid dynamics model is developed for an intermediate temperature micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), which incorporates mass, species, momentum, energy, ionic and electronic charge conservation. In our model we also take into account internal current leak which is a common problem with ceria based electrolytes. The current density response of the SOFC as a result of step changes in voltage is investigated. Time scales associated with mass transfer and heat transfer are distinguished in our analysis while discussing the effect of each phenomenon on the overall dynamic response. It is found that the dynamic response is controlled by the heat transfer. Dynamic behavior of the SOFC as a result of failure in fuel supply is also investigated, and it is found that the external current drops to zero in less than 1 s.
Rate and Proposed Mechanism of Anhydrotetracycline Epimerization in Acid Solution

The pathway through which the toxic tetracycline degradation product epianhydrotetracycline forms in solution was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography and circular dichroism, taking advantage of the large difference in ellipticity between the reactant and the product at 285 nm. The epimerization of anhydrotetracycline followed a reversible first-order process, and both analytical methods yielded the same rate constants. The rate constants indicate that anhydrotetracycline epimerization is faster than tetracycline epimerization. The equilibrium favored anhydrotetracycline, and the activation energies for the forward and reverse rates were almost the same as those for tetracycline epimerization. The epimerization was catalyzed by phosphate. Activation energies in 0.1 and 1 M phosphate were essentially the same. The equilibrium constants for both anhydrotetracycline and tetracycline favored the natural configuration rather than the epi series. Possible rationalization based on conformational and hydrogen bonding effects is presented.
Capstone Projects as Scholarship of Application in Entry-Level Occupational Therapy Education

Capstone projects are integrative student learning experiences used in higher education. This article describes the value and merit of capstone projects as scholarship of application within an entry-level occupational therapy education program. The capstone process is outlined and roles and responsibilities of student, faculty members, and community mentors described. Summative curricular evaluation from 5 years of capstone projects indicated that project characteristics and objectives aligned with the theory and desired outcomes of applied scholarship in the areas of student learning, faculty practice and development, and community service. Challenges identified can further inform development of the capstone experience in occupational therapy education.
Static black hole solutions without rotational symmetry.

We construct static black hole solutions that have no rotational symmetry. These arise in theories (including the standard electroweak model) that contain charged vector mesons with mass m\ensuremath{\ne}0. In such theories, a magnetically charged Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole with horizon radius less than a critical value of order ${\mathit{m}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ is classically unstable against the development of a nonzero vector meson field just outside the horizon, indicating the existence of static black hole solutions with vector meson hair. For the case of unit magnetic charge, spherically symmetric solutions of this type have previously been studied. For other values of the magnetic charge, general arguments show that any new solution with hair cannot be spherically symmetric. In this paper we develop and apply a perturbative scheme (which may have applicability in other contexts) for constructing such solutions in the case where the Reissner-Nordstr\"om solution is just barely unstable. For a few low values of the magnetic charge the black holes retain a rotational symmetry about a single axis, but this axial symmetry disappears for higher charges. While the vector meson fields vanish exponentially at distances greater than O(${\mathit{m}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$), the magnetic field and the metric have higher multipole components that decrease only as powers of the distance from the black hole.
Identification and Impact of Natural Enemies of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in Southern California

Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a major pest of potato, (Solanum tuberosum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and peppers (Capsicum spp.). The purpose of our research was to identify and determine the impact of natural enemies on B. cockerelli population dynamics. Through 2 yr of field studies (2009-2010) at four different sites and laboratory feeding tests, we identified minute pirate bug, Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae); western bigeyed bug, Geocoris pallens Stal (Hemiptera:Geocoridae), and convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as key natural enemies of B. cockerelli in southern California potatoes, tomatoes, and bell peppers. In natural enemy exclusion cage experiments in the potato crop and in American nightshade, Solanum americanum Miller, the number of B. cockerelli surviving was significantly greater in the closed cage treatments, thus confirming the affect natural enemies can have on B. cockerelli. We discuss how this information can be used in an integrated pest management program for B. cockerelli.
Neuromonitoring during surgery for metastatic tumors to the spine: intraoperative interpretation and management strategies

Resection of metastatic tumors of the spine poses great technical challenges, with the potential of creating severe neurologic deficits. Several modalities of electrophysiologic monitoring, including SSEPs and MEPs, have evolved to aid in resection of these tumors. This review has presented additional techniques-such as mapping of the dorsal columns with antidromic-elicited SSEPs to plan the myelotomy and direct intra-medullary stimulation-that help to identify the extent of the tumor margin at its interface with functional tracts. Neuromonitoring can potentially minimize the sensory and motor damage that can occur during resection of metastatic tumors of the spine. Further experience with these techniques should allow improved results follow-ing surgical procedures in functionally eloquent are as of the spinal cord during the surgical management of metastatic tumors.
Expression of mutant amyloid precursor proteins decreases adhesion and delays differentiation of Hep-1 cells.

Abstract The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a type I integral membrane protein and is processed to generate several intra-cellular and secreted fragments. The physiological role of APP and its processed fragments is unclear. Several mutations have been discovered in APP, which are causative of early-onset, familial, neurological disease, including Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). These mutations alter the processing of APP and lead to excess production and extra-cellular deposition of A-beta peptide (Aβ). We have examined the role of APP in a cell culture model of endothelial cell function. The endothelial cell line, Hep-1, was stably transfected with wild-type (wt) and FAD mutant forms of APP (mAPP). Secretion of sAPPα was reduced in cell lines over-expressing mAPP when these cells were grown on several different substrates. Levels of secreted Aβ were increased as measured by ELISA in the mutant cell lines. Cell adhesion to laminin-, fibronectin-, collagen I-, and collagen IV-coated culture flasks was reduced in all mAPP-expressing cell lines, while in lines over-expressing wt-APP, adhesiveness was slightly increased. Cell lines over-expressing mAPP differentiated more slowly into capillary network-like structures on Matrigel™ than those expressing wt-APP. No differences were detected among all cell lines in a migration/invasion assay. The results suggest that APP may have a role in cell adhesiveness and maturation of endothelial cells into capillary-like networks. The reduction in adhesion and differentiation in mutant cell lines may be due to reduced amounts of sAPPα released into the culture media or toxic effects of increased extracellular Aβ.
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of human lens epithelium: a study of spatial protein patterns and aging.

The polypetides in portions of human lens epithelium from individuals of various ages were resolved by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. The epithelium was divided into a central area of 12·5 mm2, a surrounding area of 50·2 mm2, and an area which was outside of this region. The proteins were solubilized in urea and run on gels to determine if differences existed in the major polypeptides of the lens epithelium with regard to position in the lens as well as if differences might occur with age. The patterns obtained were remarkably similar in regions of the epithelium examined. The results also demonstrated that the composition of the major polypeptides were not substantially altered in the adult epithelium with age. Two-dimensional gels of proteins from a 3-month-old specimen prepared in a manner similar to that used during extracapsular cataract extraction were also similar to the other samples; however, this sample contained slightly increased staining of proteins greater than 30 kD.
The Development of Valvular Heart Surgery Over the Past 50 Years (1947-1997): Personal Recollections

The development of valvular heart surgery over the past 50 years has required the efforts and creative genius of many surgical pioneers. It has been filled with exhilarating short-term successes and some devastating failures. This article traces the 50 years of persistence and determination that have brought us to a time when the majority of patients with heart valve disease can be returned to a happy and fulfilling life by valvuloplasty or by valve replacement.
Multi-arm star-branched polyisobutylene ionomers

A series of multi-arm star-branched polyisobutylenes was synthesized via living carbocationic polymerization. Arms with molecular weights ranging from 10, 000 to 30, 000 g/mol were prepared using the cumyl chloride/TiCl4/pyridine initiation system in 60/40 (v/v) hexane/methyl chloride at −80°C and linked by sequential addition of divinylbenzene. The weight average number of arms per star polymer, −N w, scaled inversely with arm molecular weight and ranged from 32 to 5. Star-telechelic ionomers were produced by sulfonation of the aromatic initiator residue at the end of each arm, followed by neutralization. Sulfonation was quantitative as indicated by acid-base titration. Potassium ionomers were elastic solids which were marginally soluble in THF; the precursors were tacky and freely soluble in THF. Ionic modification did not alter the glass transition temperature (−66°C), but the thermal decomposition temperature in N2 was increased from 375 to 400°C.
Hypoplasia of the Corpus Callosum: A Study of 445 Consecutive MRI Scans

The size of the corpus callosum was assessed visually and by computer-assisted image analysis in a series of 445 consecutive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in children under 17 years of age. Fifty individuals were subjectively identified with small corpora callosa on visual inspection of the MRI scans. Seven patients had true hypoplasia of the corpus callosum after comparing the computer-measured relative size of the structure to previously established normal values. Five additional patients had complete agenesis, and two had partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. The cognitive functional levels of the seven patients with callosal hypoplasia and a control group of 63 randomly selected individuals from the remainder of the group were ascertained by record review. Seventy-one percent of the patients with hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and 29% of the control group had impaired function. The P value determined by Fisher's exact test was P = .061, suggesting that further study with greater numbers may be warranted. The prevalence of mental retardation in this condition, and the fact that hypoplasia is as common as complete and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum combined, suggest that hypoplasia of the corpus callosum is a marker of cerebral dysgenesis that should be looked for in the appropriate clinical setting.
Topology optimization and fabrication of low frequency vibration energy harvesting microdevices

Topological design of miniaturized resonating structures capable of harvesting electrical energy from low frequency environmental mechanical vibrations encounters a particular physical challenge, due to the conflicting design requirements: low resonating frequency and miniaturization. In this paper structural static stiffness to resist undesired lateral deformation is included into the objective function, to prevent the structure from degenerating and forcing the solution to be manufacturable. The rational approximation of material properties interpolation scheme is introduced to deal with the problems of local vibration and instability of the low density area induced by the design dependent body forces. Both density and level set based topology optimization (TO) methods are investigated in their parameterization, sensitivity analysis, and applicability for low frequency energy harvester TO problems. Continuum based variation formulations for sensitivity analysis and the material derivative based shape sensitivity analysis are presented for the density method and the level set method, respectively; and their similarities and differences are highlighted. An external damper is introduced to simulate the energy output of the resonator due to electrical damping and the Rayleigh proportional damping is used for mechanical damping. Optimization results for different scenarios are tested to illustrate the influences of dynamic and static loads. To demonstrate manufacturability, the designs are built to scale using a 3D microfabrication method and assembled into vibration energy harvester prototypes. The fabricated devices based on the optimal results from using different TO techniques are tested and compared with the simulation results. The structures obtained by the level set based TO method require less post-processing before fabrication and the structures obtained by the density based TO method have resonating frequency as low as 100 Hz. The electrical voltage response in the experiment matches the trend of the simulation data.
Sharpening of the Resistive Transition of a Superconductor with the Addition of Paramagnetic Impurities

We present evidence demonstrating that the addition of magnetic moments to a superconductor suppresses the Maki-Thompson contribution to the fluctuation conductivity. Measurements of the resistive transition of aluminum films with erbium impurities exhibit a sharpening of the transition with increasing impurity concentration which can be explained quantitatively using Thompson's scheme for regularizing the Maki-Thompson conductivity diagrams.
Immunonutrition: the pediatric experience

The health benefits of specific nutrients in the diet are reviewed as they pertain to the pediatric population and its unique needs. Secretory immunoglobulins, lysozyme, interferon, and growth factors, among others, are known to confer immunological advantages to breast milk. Inhibition of bacterial pathogens, as well as permissive growth of a protective colonic ecoflora occur as a result of various cellular and biochemical mechanisms at play. The immunomodulatory properties of minerals such as iron, zinc, and selenium, are presented and the newly recognized protective role of vitamin A and its importance in developing countries and in conditions of compromised nutrition are discussed. The review also covers the role of arginine, glutamine, and nucleotides in adaptive responses of the developing gut and in pathologic states such as necrotizing enterocolitis, short bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. Probiotics (specific microbial feeds with potential benefits to the host), and prebiotics (dietary components such as complex carbohydrates able to change the colonic microenvironment fostering colonization with non-enteropathogens) are areas of current interest because they offer alternatives for the management of the growing problem of multiple antibiotic resistance and overwhelming infections in the hospitalized patient.
Guidelines for the provision of humanistic psychosocial services

(1997). Guidelines for the provision of humanistic psychosocial services. The Humanistic Psychologist: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 64-107.
Use of an expert system to predict language learning success

Abstract The major purpose of this study was to examine a number of language learning (LL) background variables in relationship to rate of progress through an intensive English program (IEP). In the first stage of the study, a knowledge bank of 40 background variables for 201 subjects was refined to those variables which most clearly showed “maximum interclass difference” when comparing three categories of success. In the second stage of the study, the extent to which success category could be accurately predicted by an expert system was measured, basing prediction on (a) all 40 variables, (b) learner-reported language learning background variables, and (c) IEP entry proficiency measurements. Results indicated that entry proficiency variables were most effective when predicting high and low success category, but language learning background variables were most effective when predicting medium success. A brief introduction to knowledge base expert systems is provided as part of the background to the study.
Determination of carnitine in biological materials.

Abstract A method has been developed whereby carnitine may be estimated quantitatively in the presence of a number of other compounds including choline and betaine. The method has been extended through the use of preparative procedures to the determination of carnitine in crude natural materials.
Human mast cell tryptase: multiple cDNAs and genes reveal a multigene serine protease family.

Abstract Three different cDNAs and a gene encoding human skin mast cell tryptase have been cloned and sequenced in their entirety. The deduced amino acid sequences reveal a 30-amino acid prepropeptide followed by a 245-amino acid catalytic domain. The C-terminal undecapeptide of the human preprosequence is identical in dog tryptase and appears to be part of a prosequence unique among serine proteases. The differences among the three human tryptase catalytic domains include the loss of a consensus N-glycosylation site in one cDNA, which may explain some of the heterogeneity in size and susceptibility to deglycosylation seen in tryptase preparations. All three tryptase cDNAs are distinct from a recently reported cDNA obtained from a human lung mast cell library. A skin tryptase cDNA was used to isolate a human tryptase gene, the exons of which match one of the skin-derived cDNAs. The organization of the approximately 1.8-kilobase-pair tryptase gene is unique and is not closely related to that of any other mast cell or leukocyte serine protease. The 5' regulatory regions of the gene share features with those of other serine proteases, including mast cell chymase, but are unusual in being separated from the protein-coding sequence by an intron. High-stringency hybridization of a human genomic DNA blot with a fragment of the tryptase gene confirms the presence of multiple tryptase genes. These findings provide genetic evidence that human mast cell tryptases are the products of a multigene family.
Bubble Size Effects on Dispersed Phase Motion in Vertical Bubbly Pipe Flow

Three-dimensional measurements of bubble size, and velocity are presented along with the associated statistics for dilute bubbly flow in a vertical pipe. These measurements were obtained through a combination of precise index-of-refraction matching and a stereoscopic high-speed imaging system. An image-processing algorithm has been developed and used to extract instantaneous bubble size, shape, velocity and trajectory information and statistics corrected for magnification errors (maximum of 2%). The experiments have been conducted at a Reynolds of 14,600 in vertical pipe-flow and a volumetric gas flow ratio of 0.29%. Bubble sizes ranged from sub millimeter to several millimeters. The results indicate that bubbles less than approximately 20 wall units with very low ratios of rise velocity-to-liquid-average-velocity occupy the full breadth of the test section, while bubbles in the range between 20 and 60 wall units with ratios of rise-velocity-to-liquid-average-velocity greater than 0.5 are efficiently trapped by the wall and are almost exclusively found in the inner wall region (y+ < 30). Bubbles larger than 60 wall units with ratios of rise-velocity-to-liquid-average-velocity less than 0.5 are found throughout the pipe cross-section although with a strong preference to the wall neighborhood. This bubble behavior is put in perspective considering four mechanisms of bubble migration: (a) turbulent dispersion due to near-wall large scale structure, (b) inviscid transverse forces (Magnus), (c) viscous transverse forces (Saffman), and (d) unsteady transverse forces because of vortex shedding and bubble shape deformation.© 2003 ASME
LXI. On metallic colouring in birds and insects

(1911). LXI. On metallic colouring in birds and insects. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 21, No. 124, pp. 554-567.
A Computational Dynamic Trust Model for User Authorization

Development of authorization mechanisms for secure information access by a large community of users in an open environment is an important problem in the ever-growing Internet world. In this paper we propose a computational dynamic trust model for user authorization, rooted in findings from social science. Unlike most existing computational trust models, this model distinguishes trusting belief in integrity from that in competence in different contexts and accounts for subjectivity in the evaluation of a particular trustee by different trusters. Simulation studies were conducted to compare the performance of the proposed integrity belief model with other trust models from the literature for different user behavior patterns. Experiments show that the proposed model achieves higher performance than other models especially in predicting the behavior of unstable users.
Reference Region Modeling Approaches for Amphetamine Challenge Studies with [11C]FLB 457 and PET:

Detecting fluctuations in synaptic dopamine levels in extrastriatal brain regions with [11C]FLB 457 and positron emission tomography (PET) is a valuable tool for studying dopaminergic dysfunction in psychiatric disorders. The evaluation of reference region modeling approaches would eliminate the need to obtain arterial input function data. Our goal was to explore the use of reference region models to estimate amphetamine-induced changes in [11C]FLB 457 dopamine D2/D3 binding. Six healthy tobacco smokers were imaged with [11C]FLB 457 at baseline and at 3 hours after amphetamine (0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg, per os) administration. Simplified reference tissue models, SRTM and SRTM2, were evaluated against the 2-tissue compartmental model (2TC) to estimate [11C]FLB 457 binding in extrastriatal regions of interest (ROIs), using the cerebellum as a reference region. No changes in distribution volume were observed in the cerebellum between scan conditions. SRTM and SRTM2 underestimated binding, compared with 2TC, in ROIs by 26% and 9%, respectively, with consistent bias between the baseline and postamphetamine scans. Postamphetamine, [11C]FLB 457 binding significantly decreased across several brain regions as measured with SRTM and SRTM2; no significant change was detected with 2TC. These data support the sensitivity of [11C]FLB 457 for measuring amphetamine-induced dopamine release in extrastriatal regions with SRTM and SRTM2.
Cenozoic palaeocanyon evolution, Ancestral Cascades arc volcanism, and structure of the Hope Valley–Carson Pass region, Sierra Nevada, California

We use new geologic mapping, geochronological, and geochemical data on Tertiary volcanic, volcaniclastic, and intrusive rocks to investigate the volcanic, stratigraphic, and structural evolution of the Carson Pass region south of Lake Tahoe in the central Sierra Nevada. Volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks were deposited in east–west-trending palaeocanyons carved into Mesozoic granitic and metamorphic basement rocks; sediments were transported westwards towards the present-day Central Valley of California. In the Carson Pass–Hope Valley area, two palaeotributaries are preserved in faulted terrane east of the present-day Sierran crest (Hope Valley area); these merge at the crest to form one large, >7 km wide palaeocanyon that is undisrupted by faults west of the crest (Carson Pass–Kirkwood area). This single, large palaeocanyon roughly coincides with the present-day Mokelumne River drainage. New 40Ar/39Ar dates and stratigraphic data east of the crest, integrated with previously published data west of the cre...
Abstract 4263: Dopamine ameliorates hematological complications in tumor bearing animals

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL One of the major complications of anti-VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor-A) agents are their serious hematological toxicities. We had earlier shown that the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine is a potent inhibitor of VEGF-A induced tumor angiogenesis and thereby, tumor growth. Therefore, it is prudent to investigate the effects of dopamine on important hematological parameters in preclinical cancer models. Our study shows that in addition to inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and growth of colon and prostate cancer bearing animals, dopamine can also significantly improve hemoglobin concentration, RBC and platelet counts in these animals. Anemia and thrombocytopenia are the two most common hematological toxicities induced by anti-VEGF-A drugs, which in turn increases the morbidity in cancer patients treated with these agents. Our report here shows that the anti-angiogenic action of dopamine inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth in preclinical models without adversely affecting hematopiesis; rather it ameliorates anemia associated with cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4263. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4263
[Practical Markov Chain Monte Carlo]: Comment: Monitoring Convergence of the Gibbs Sampler: Further Experience with the Gibbs Stopper

SMITH, A. F. M. and ROBERTS, G. 0. (1993). Bayesian computation via the Gibbs sampler and related Markov chain Monte Carlo methods (with discussion). J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B. To appear. SWENDSEN, R. H. and WANG, J. S. (1987). Nonuniversal critical dynamics in Monte Carlo simulations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 86-88. TANNER, M. A. and WONG, W. H. (1987). The calculation of posterior distributions by data augmentation (with discussion). J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 82 528-550. THOMPSON, E. A. and Guo, S. W. (1991). Evaluation of likelihood ratios for complex genetic models. IMA J. Math. Appl. Med. Biol. 8 149-169. TIERNEY, L. (1991). Markov chains for exploring posterior distributions. Technical Report 560, School of Statistics, Univ. Minnesota, T6TH, B. (1986). Persistent random walks in random environment. Probab. Theory Related Fields 71 615-625. WANG, J. S. and SWENDSEN, R. H. (1990). Cluster Monte Carlo algorithms. Phys. A 167 565-579. WEI, G. C. G. and TANNER, M. A. (1990). Calculating the content and the boundary of the highest posterior density region via data augmentation. Biometrika 77 649-652. YOUNES, L. (1988). Estimation and annealing for Gibbsian fields. Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Probab. Statist. 24 269-294.
Measurement and prediction of strain in individual phases of a 2219Al/TiC/15p-T6 composite during loading

The objective of this study was to compare neutron diffraction measurements of strain in an aluminum titanium carbide MMC with numerical predictions. In particular, the authors focused on the elastic strains in each phase during applied loading and how these strains changed at the onset of plastic flow. During loading of an MMC, the presence of a hard, reinforcing, minority phase can lead to localized or non-homogeneous plastic flow in the matrix. This can modify the pre-existing residual stresses that are introduced during cooling from fabrication temperatures because of mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficients of the constituent phases. By combining experiment and calculation, the authors have investigated the deformation processes.
Stellar spectral synthesis in the ultraviolet

A computer program for spectral synthesis has been developed, based on a list of data for atomic lines described by Kurucz, Peytremann, and Avrett (1973). To demonstrate the usefulness of this program, we present a sample calculation of the region around the C IV resonance doublet at 155 nm, which is a feature in rocket and satellite spectra of B stars. The calculation indicates that the observed feature is a blend of many lines in addition to C IV, so that detailed calculations are necessary for the correct interpretation of the observational data.
Acid mucopolysaccharide synthesis in the secondary palate of the developing rat at the time of rotation and fusion

Abstract The amount of hexosamines and acid mucopolysaccharides present in the rat secondary palate increases during the critical stages of palatogenesis, namely, rotation and fusion. The synthesis of acid mucopolysaccharides in vivo and in vitro in the palate was determined by the incorporation of 3 H-glucosamine and Na 2 S 35 O 4 . The labeled mucopolysaccharides were isolated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and were identified on the basis of several criteria as hyaluronic acid and sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides. Hyaluronic acid accounted for approximately 60% of the total acid mucopolysaccharides synthesized in the palate both in vivo and in vitro . DON (6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine), a known inhibitor of acid mucopolysaccharide synthesis, inhibited the incorporation of 3 H-glucosamine and Na 2 S 35 O 4 by palatal shelves in vitro by 70%.
Cyclic stress-strain response of polycrystalline nickel

Abstract Constant plastic strain amplitude fatigue experiments were conducted at room temperature on polycrystalline nickel (290 μm grain size) at plastic strain amplitudes from 2.5 × 10 −5 to 2.5 × 10 −3 . Cyclic deformation behavior was characterized by analyzing the cyclic hardening response, evaluating the evolution of the shape of the hysteresis loop, and optical and transmission electron microscopy observations. The results indicate that the cyclic stress-strain (CSS) curve has a pronounced bulge or region of reduced slope extending from a plastic strain amplitude of approximately 2 × 10 −4 to 8 × 10 −4 . This region of reduced slope is caused by the localization of plastic strain in persistent slip bands (PSBs). It is also shown that plastic strain amplitude has little influence on the friction stress of cyclically saturated nickel; however, the back stress increases with increasing plastic strain amplitude. A comparison of the cyclic deformation characteristics of polycrystalline nickel with those of copper indicates that these materials exhibit similar fundamental cyclic behavior on both a macroscopic and microscopic level.
Four acid-catalysed dehydration reactions proceed without interference

Four acid-catalysed dehydration reactions can proceed in one pot, simultaneously and without interference, to yield one imine, one acetal (or boronic ester), one ester and one alkene, even though many other cross-products could be conceived. This advanced self-sorting behaviour is attributed to different dehydration rates, brought about by dissimilar electronic properties of starting materials.
Emerging Roles of Natriuretic Peptides and their Receptors in Pathophysiology of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Regulation.

Abstract Thus far, three related natriuretic peptides (NPs) and three distinct receptors have been identified, which have advanced our knowledge towards understanding the control of high blood pressure, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders to a great extent. Biochemical and molecular studies have been advanced to examine receptor function and signaling mechanisms and the role of second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate in pathophysiology of hypertension, renal hemodynamics, and cardiovascular functions. The development of gene-knockout and gene-duplication mouse models along with transgenic mice have provided a framework for understanding the importance of the antagonistic actions of NP receptors in cardiovascular events at the molecular level. Now, NPs are considered as circulating markers of congestive heart failure, however, their therapeutic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, renal insufficiency, cardiac hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, and stroke has just begun to unfold. Indeed, alternative avenues of investigations in this important area need to be undertaken, as we are at the initial stage of the molecular therapeutic and pharmacogenomic implications.
Complexes of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene with mono- anddipositive cations in the gas phase

Abstract The host-guest chemistry of p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene in the gas phase was studied using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Gas phase complexes with laser-desorbed alkali metal cations (Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+) were generated. The calixarene was observed to complex with up to two metal cations at the same time with the accompanying loss of a proton, to yield species with a net charge of +1. Complexes with Sr2+ and Ba2+, with accompanying loss of a proton to maintain a net charge of +1, were also observed. Relative rate constants and reaction efficiencies for the formation of the 1:1 calixarene/alkali metal complexes vary inversely with cation size, probably reflecting differences in the polarizing capabilities of the cations. Reaction of the alkali metal and alkaline earth complexes with 15-crown-5 results in adduction of the crown in cases where the metals are large, suggesting the larger cations bind in exposed positions on the calixarene. Finally, complexes of the calixarene with benzylammonium cation were observed. Equilibrium measurements indicate ΔG°350 for transfer of benzylammonium from the calixarene to 15-crown-5 is −9.1 ± 0.4 kJ mol−1.
Development of a modified treatment evaluation inventory

Kazdin's (1980a) Treatment Evaluation Inventory (TEI) is the major instrument used to assess parents' acceptance of procedures for behavior problem children. The length of the TEI, however, as well as problems with its scaling and wording limits its value as a clinical research instrument. In the present study, three experiments were conducted to develop a modified TEI. In Experiment 1, 153 parents completed the TEI to evaluate a behavioral treatment for noncompliant and oppositional children. A factor analysis of the data was used to obtain a reliable factor structure for the TEI and to construct a 9-item TEI-Short Form (TEI-SF) with a 5-point scale, consistent anchors on the scale, and simplified text and instructions. Experiment 2 evaluated the psychometric characteristics of the TEI and the TEI-SF. These data indicated the TEI-SF is a sound alternative to the original TEI. Experiment 3 compared the readability and completion time of the two instruments.
The microstructure of cement paste and concrete - a visual primer

Abstract This paper represents an attempt to provide an introduction to the microstructure of cement paste and concrete as seen in backscatter-mode scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Illustrations are provided of the `internal architecture' underlying the microstructure of hardened cement paste and paste in concrete, at the size scales accessible to this instrument. Concrete is a uniquely complex engineering material. The aim of this paper is to provide researchers and practitioners who deal with it an acquaintance with its internal structure.
Islet autoantibodies in cord blood: maternal, fetal, or neither?

In high-risk type 1 diabetes populations, up to 3% of the general population newborns may express islet autoantibodies in cord blood and the vast majority of those appear to be maternal autoantibodies that disappear usually before the age of 9 months. Despite recent progress in standardization of autoantibody assays, some of the findings appear to be artifacts or non-IgG-mediated binding phenomena. It remains unclear whether transplacentally transmitted maternal autoantibodies play any role in protecting the offspring of diabetic women from diabetes. The evidence for fetal production of islet autoantibodies is very limited and remains to be validated in large prospective studies currently underway.
Dissociative electron attachment to carbon dioxide via the 8.2 eV Feshbach resonance

Momentum imaging experiments on dissociative electron attachment (DEA) to CO2 are combined with the results of ab initio calculations to provide a detailed and consistent picture of the dissociation dynamics through the 8.2 eV resonance, which is the major channel for DEA in CO2. The present study resolves several puzzling misconceptions about this system.
Near infrared spectroscopy of carbon dioxide. II: 16O13C16O and 16O13C18O line positions

Abstract High-resolution near-infrared (4000–8500 cm −1 ) spectra of 13 C-enriched carbon dioxide have been recorded using the McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer at the Kitt Peak National Solar Observatory. We observed over 1000 line positions for the 16 O 13 C 16 O isotopologue, the majority of which have previously been observed only in spectra of the Venusian atmosphere [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 67 (1977) 304]. These have been analyzed to determine spectroscopic constants for 28 different vibrational states. The analysis yielded RMS fitting residuals −4 cm −1 for the strongest bands and RMS residuals −4 cm −1 for most other fitted bands. A 5% 18 O-enrichment in the sample enabled us to observe 410 line positions from 5 near-infrared vibrational bands of the 16 O 13 C 18 O isotopologue. Analysis of the 16 O 13 C 18 O bands yielded RMS fitting residuals −4 cm −1 . Additionally, the first fits for the 16 O 13 C 18 O 11101 ← 01101 and 11102 ← 01101 hot bands yielded RMS residuals of 2.3 × 10 −4 and 2.2 × 10 −4 cm −1 , respectively. Critical reevaluations of the spectroscopic constants for the low lying vibrational states for both isotopologues have been performed as part of the analysis.
Cigarette smoking among adult Lations: The California Tobacco Baseline Survey

This article presents probability estimates of smoking prevalence for the Latino adult population in California and examines differences in smoking prevalence and nicotine dependence between different levels of education and acculturation and between different ethnic and gender groups. Prevalence estimates are based on the California Baseline Tobacco Survey (CTS). The CTS is a Random Digit Dial Survey including N=70,997 non-Latino Whites and 28,000 Latino adults. Overall smoking prevalence among Latinos was estimated at 24.4% for men and 12.0% for women. Multiple logistic regression analyses suggest higher smoking prevalence and higher nicotine dependence for men than for women, for individuals who have not finished high school, for non-Latinos when compared to Latinos, and for Latinos of high level of acculturation when compared to Latinos of low level of acculturation. These estimates can serve as baselines to evaluate progress toward year 2000 health objectives. Findings stress the importance of taking into account socio-economic level when comparing Latinos and other ethnic groups on health behaviors. Moreover, findings suggest that interventions helping Latinos quit smoking are most needed for men with twelve years or less of formal education and stress the importance of programs to prevent smoking uptake, specifically among Latinos of low level of acculturation.
Sedimentation of monodisperse polystyrene latex spheres in water

Abstract Experimental data for the case of sedimentation of a selected quantity of given volume concentration of monodisperse polystyrene latices in tubes of water show a collective rate of fall velocity dependence. The data and brief theory presented indicate how the collective action of the spheres moving behind a boundary in laminar flow down the tube cause a velocity of the boundary quite different from the Stokes velocity of a single sphere falling in a viscous fluid.
Combination hyperthermia and radiation therapy for malignant melanoma

Since 1975, clinical studies have been carried out to determine whether radiation when combined with localized hyperthermia evokes improved tumor control compared to that achieved with radiation alone. Local tumor hyperthermia was achieved using radiofrequency inductive heating at 27.12 MHz. In bulky lesions (>100 cm/sup 3/), radiofrequency conductive heating at 13.56 MHz was also used. More than 100 lesions in 38 patients were treated with radiation alone and hyperthermia in combination with radiation. Most lesions were treated either twice a week or once a week, depending on radiation dose fractionation scheme used. The overall result of tumor control rate of the combined therapy is superior to radiation therapy alone (75% versus 46%; P < 0.01). No enhanced normal tissue morbidity was seen following the combined therapy. The detailed analysis of the treatment results shows that the tumor control rate is dependent on dose per fraction, the total dose, and the initial tumor volume. The radiation alone, at high doses per fraction, was effective in controlling 80% of the lesions, if the tumor volume was less than 10 cm/sup 3/, compared to 30% when the tumor volumes were larger. The combination therapy, on the other hand effected 80% local tumor controlmore » regardless of the tumor volume. The importance of good thermal distribution within the tumor volume, selective heating of the tumor tissues and the sequence and time interval between the combined therapy is discussed.« less