cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE TERBIUM-IRON PHASE DIAGRAM

The terbium--iron phase diagram has been determined using metallographic, x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and electron microprobe techniques. The terminal solubilities of the two elements are extremely restricted, of the order of 0.1 at. percent for Tb in Fe. A eutectic reaction takes place at 28 at. percent Fe, 847$sup 0$C. The four intermetallic compounds, TbFe$sub 2$, TbFe$sub 3$, Tb$sub 6$Fe$sub 23$, and Tb$sub 2$Fe$sub 17$ melt non-congruently at 1187, 1212, 1276, and 1312$sup 0$C, respectively. The Tb$sub 2$Fe$sub 17$ compound appears in the rhombohedral Th$sub 2$Zn$sub 17$ modification on the Tb-rich side and in the hexagonal Th$sub 2$Ni$sub 17$ modification on the Fe-rich side of the stoichiometric composition.
P-68: Plano-Eucentric Photometry System for Micro-Display Metrology

We describe a unique micro-display metrology system in which the stage can be rotated arbitrarily and the area of interest does not leave the field of view. Similarly, the sample can be tilted up to 60 degrees and the area of interest stays continuously in focus. The mechanism operates instantaneously and does not depend on computers or motors to achieve correct centering. This capability facilitates the rapid measurement of micro-display characteristics over a wide range of angles.
Pectin Methyl Esterase Activity in Southern Peas (Vigna sinensis)

SUMMARY: Pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity was investigated in vitro in Southern peas (Vigna sinensis). Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of NaCl concentration, pH, temperature, maturity, frozen storage and rinsing the peas on PME activity. The optimum salt level for maximum PME activity in the Purple Hull Pink Eye (PHPE) and Princess Ann (PA) varieties was ascertained to be 0.25 M. The pH optima were: PHPE, 8.5; and PA, 7.5 to 8. The remaining studies were made using peas of the PHPE variety which were harvested at 3 stages of maturity. Maximum enzymatic activity occurred at 50°–60°C. Partial inactivation occurred at 65°C. The mean Q10 was 1.35 over the range of 30°–50°C. PME activity was dependent upon the maturity of the peas. The most immature peas had an activity level about 2.5 times that found in the most mature peas. Peas subjected to frozen storage had a higher activity than the fresh peas; the increased activity was more pronounced in the more mature peas. Rinsing the peas removed significant amounts of the enzyme. A greater proportion of PME was removed from the more immature peas than from the more mature ones. With the immature, frozen peas PME activity was reduced 22.7% by rinsing; whereas, in the fresh counterpart the reduction was 11.1%. The rinse water from frozen peas contained more PME activity than did rinse water from fresh peas. Also, the activity in rinse water from the most immature peas was about 2.7 times that from the most mature ones. Upon standing, PME activity in the slurries prepared from frozen peas continued to increase up to 3–4 hr.
Hydrolysis of ATP by Polymerized Actin Depends on the Bound Divalent Cation but Not Profilin

Growing evidence suggests that the nucleotide bound to actin filaments serves as a timer to control actin filament turnover during cell motility (Pollard, T. D., Blanchoin, L., and Mullins, R. D. (...
The selective oxidation of CH3OH to H2CO on a copper(110) catalyst

The oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde was studied on a Cu(110) single crystal by flash decomposition spectroscopy. The Cu(110) surface was preoxidized with oxygen-18; deuterated methanol, CH3OD, was used to distinguish the hydroxyl hydrogen from the methyl hydrogens. Very little methanol chemisorbed on the oxygen-free Cu(110) surface, but the ability of the copper surface to chemisorb methanol was greatly enhanced by surface oxygen. This enhancement was absent subsequent to reduction of the surface by methanol itself. CH3OD was selectively oxidized upon adsorption at 180 °K to adsorbed CH3O and D218O. The methoxide was the most abundant surface intermediate and decomposed at about 365 °K to formaldehyde and hydrogen with a first-order rate constant equal to 5.2 ± 1.6 × 1012 exp(−22.1 ± 0.1 kcal/mole/RT) s−1. To a lesser extent some methanol was oxidized to HC16O18O which subsequently decomposed to C16O18O and hydrogen with a first-order rate constant equal to 8 ± 2 × 1013 exp(−30.9 ± 0.2 kcal/mole/RT) s−1. A pronounced maximum in oxidation activity with surface oxygen coverage was observed.
Teaching Responsibility in Physical Education: Standards, Outcomes, and Beyond

(2001). Teaching Responsibility in Physical Education: Standards, Outcomes, and Beyond. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 72, No. 9, pp. 25-27.
Cognitive function assessment in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose To describe brief assessments of functional performance and cognition to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression in older adults for the primary care provider. Data Sources Review of the literature. Conclusions It is important for the clinician to interview both the patient and a knowledgeable informant to assess changes in the patients’ functioning in daily life tasks and to administer brief screening tests to detect cognitive impairment and depression in older adults. Several suggested instruments for use in the primary care setting are included. Implications for Practice Standardized assessments of functional performance and brief cognitive tests identify individuals with clinically meaningful cognitive impairment and provide baseline measurement against which to compare future assessments.
Effect of circulatory assist devices on stunned myocardium.

Abstract We studied the effects of mechanical circulatory assist devices on left ventricular oxygen consumption, the integrals of systolic left venticular wall stress (SSI), and end-systolic elastance (Ees) in 8 sheep after 25 minutes of global ischemia. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at 35 mL/kg/min, intraaortic balloon counterpulsation, and an intraaortic double-balloon pump were studied alone or in combination. Left ventricular oxygen consumption, SSI, and Ees were measured before and during mechanical circulatory assistance. Left ventricular oxygen consumption was calculated from transit-time measurements of left main coronary artery blood flow and fiberoptic measurements of coronary sinus blood oxygen saturation. Three pairs of sonomicrometry crystals placed across three orthogonal ventricular axes were used to calculate instantaneous ventricular volumes and pressure-volume loops from which the SSI data were derived. The Ees was measured using a new single-beat aortic occlusive method. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation alone increased SSI and did not change Ees in postischemic poorly contracting hearts. Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation alone significantly reduced SSI and increased Ees. The combination of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and either the intraaortic balloon pump or the intraaortic double-balloon pump reduced SSI, increased Ees, and reduced left ventricular oxygen consumption. In postischemic dilated, poorly contracting hearts, the combination of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and intraaortic balloon counterpulsation has important advantages over extracorporeal membrane oxygenation alone.
It don't go both ways: Limited bidirectionality in sociolinguistic perception

This article explores the sociolinguistic perception of morphosyntactic variation, using sociolinguistic priming experiments. Two experiments tested participants' perception of the connection between social status and variation in two English subject-verb agreement constructions: there's+NP and NP+don't. Experiment 1 tested sentence perception and found that exposure to non-standard agreement boosted the perception of non-standard agreement, but only for there's+NP. Social status cues had no effect on sentence perception. Experiment 2 tested speaker perception and found that participants were more likely to believe that non-standard agreement was produced by low-status than high-status speakers. Results suggest that, especially for heavily stigmatized variables, non-standard sentences strongly constrain the social judgments made by speakers, yet social cues do not necessarily constrain linguistic perception. The results suggest that the perceptual relationship between linguistic and social knowledge may be one of only limited bidirectionality. Implications for sociolinguistic perception and exemplar-theoretic accounts of sociolinguistic competence are discussed.
The Latest Addition to the Inflammatory Homeboys in Chronic Kidney Disease: Interleukin-8

Deutsche Diabetes Dialyse Studie ) [4] , in which atorvastatin had no short-term or long-term effect on survival in diabetic dialysis patients. In fact, the known cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia paradoxically confer survival advantages in dialysis patients, a phenomenon known as ‘reverse epidemiology’ [5]. Hence, there must be other predominating conditions which are specifi c to dialysis patients and which have much stronger impact on survival of dialysis patients than Framingham risk factors. Malnutrition-infl ammation-cachexia (or complex) syndrome (MICS) is a common condition in dialysis patients and has a strong association with poor outcome and death. To date, no single measurement has been found to have stronger association with mortality than serum albumin, a nutritional visceral protein and a negative acute phase reactant [6] . Similarly, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and some circulating pro-infl ammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 are other indicators of MICS and are associated with death risk in dialysis patients [7] . However, the association between other circulating cytokines such as tumor necrosis factorand mortality has not been clearly or consistently shown in these patients [7, 8] . Moreover, although the utility of non-laboratory surrogates of MICS including erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness or ‘malnutrition-infl ammation score’ in predicting poor outcome have also been studied, the reliDespite many technical, clinical and scientifi c advances at the dawn of the 21st century, individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance dialysis continue to have a high mortality, currently approximately 15–20% per year in North America and Europe [1] . Conventional cardiovascular risk factors have been the target of practice guidelines based on the following three premises: (1) almost half of all excess deaths in dialysis patients are cardiovascular; (2) some cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia and obesity are excessively common in dialysis patients, and (3) in the general population, classical cardiovascular risk factors have established links to clinical outcome. Based on this traditional way of thinking, the recent Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease in Dialysis Patients [2] have continued the ongoing obsession of focusing on classical cardiovascular risk factors, despite the fact that decades of concentrating on Framingham guidelines that originate from the healthy general population data have not resulted in any major improvement in dialysis mortality. Moreover, both observational studies and clinical trials have consistently indicated the lack of conventional associations between mortality and such cardiovascular risk factors as hypercholesterolemia and hyperhomocysteinemia [3] . The most prominent negative clinical trial of recent origin is the 4D Study ( Die Published online: October 13, 2005
Sex differences among five sources of motivation in the Motivation Sources Inventory: Preliminary findings

Paper reports sex differences among five sources of motivation for a sample of 208 undergraduate students who completed the Motivation Sources Inventory. t tests yielded few statistically significant sex differences for the five sources of motivation; however, Instrumental Motivation was higher among men than women, while the remaining four motives showed no sex difference. Implications and research opportunities are discussed.
Effectiveness of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers

The goal of this study was to estimate the effectiveness in actual clinical practice of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF) for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer (DNFU). Previously published pivotal trials have shown that by the 20th week of care 35 percent more ulcers healed in the group randomized to receive rhPDGF than those who did not receive rhPDGF (i.e., a relative risk [RR] of about 1.35). This represents an estimate of the efficacy of rhPDGF under the tightly controlled conditions of randomized clinical trials. Treatment effectiveness under standard clinical practice was estimated in a retrospective cohort study, controlling for treatment selection bias using propensity scores. We noted 24,898 individuals with a DNFU, of whom 9.6 percent received rhPDGF. We successfully created a propensity score model that evenly balanced many wound characteristics between those who received rhPDGF and those who did not. We created five groups, which varied from those least likely to receive rhPDGF to those most likely to receive rhPDGF. The RR, controlling for the propensity, to receive rhPDGF for a healed wound after treatment with rhPDGF as compared with standard care was 1.32 (1.22, 1.38). With respect to amputation, the RR for undergoing amputation after receiving rhPDGF was 0.65 (0.54, 0.78) as compared with those who did not receive rhPDGF. Within the limitations of our study, rhPDGF is more effective than standard therapy in both helping a wound to heal and preventing amputation, and its effect is similar to the efficacy estimates from previously published randomized controlled trials.
Using the jigsaw cooperative learning method to teach medical students about long-term and postacute care.

Since many of the frailest and most vulnerable Americans reside in nursing homes, medical students need focused education and training pertaining to this setting. A unique cooperative learning experience utilizing the jigsaw method was developed to engage and expose students to the institutional long-term and postacute care (LTPAC) setting and the roles of personnel there. To accomplish these goals, small groups of medical students interviewed LTPAC personnel about their role, generally, and in relation to a specific patient case. These groups were then rearranged into new groups containing 1 student from each of the original groups plus a faculty facilitator. Each student in the new groups taught about the role of the LTPAC professional they interviewed. To assess the effectiveness of this learning experience, students and LTPAC personnel provided written feedback and rated the activity using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = worst; 5 = best). Students also took a knowledge test. The activity received ratings from students of 3.65 to 4.12 (mean = 3.91). The knowledge test results indicated that students understood the roles of the LTPAC personnel. In general, the jigsaw exercise was well-received by participants and provided an effective means of introducing medical students to the nursing home environment.
Amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel-like immunoreactivity in the luminal membrane of some non-sensory epithelia of the inner ear

Some non-sensory epithelia of the inner ear were examined for the localization of immunoreactivity to polyclonal antibodies raised against amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels from the bovine kidney. The pre-embedding immunogold technique was used for this purpose. Labelings were found on the membrane of the endolymphatic surface of strial marginal cells, epithelial cells of spiral prominence and Reissner's membrane, and ampullar dark cells. In contrast, no labeling was found on the luminal membrane of mesothelial cells of Reissner's membrane, the cells lining the supra-strial perilymphatic space, transitional cells and ampullar ceiling cells. Since the antibodies used may also label non-selective cation channels and non-functional sodium channel precursors as suggested by others, it was not possible to determine the labelings are solely due to amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels. However, the observed result was consistent with the previous studies that amiloride blocks ion transport in strial marginal cells and the semicircular canal. It is therefore likely that the observed labeling includes amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels. These labeled ion channels in a variety of epithelial cells lining the endolymphatic space could be important in the inner ear fluid regulation.
An application of the logistic equation to the population dynamics of Salt-Marsh gastropods.

The logistic equation for population growth N = K(1 + be−rt) with modifications for environmentally influenced changes in habitat carrying capacity K, and species intrinsic growth rate r, can satisfactorily simulate density levels of real populations of herbivores. The model assumes that carrying capacity is a function of incident solar energy while intrinsic growth rate is a function of temperature and salinity. Test animals were Cerithidea and Assiminea from Mission Bay, San Diego, California.
INCREASED INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE EXPRESSION AND NO ACTIVITY IN PUPPY RATS EXPOSED TO HYPEROXIA. ▴ 2057

INCREASED INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE EXPRESSION AND NO ACTIVITY IN PUPPY RATS EXPOSED TO HYPEROXIA. ▴ 2057
Kinetics of blood protein leakage in inflammation.

A method has been developed for following the course of the inflammatory reaction by assaying the radioactivity changes of the skin of rats injected intravenously with radioiodinated human serum albumin (RISA). For this purpose, the term "clearance" has been introduced. It defines the amount of blood, in milliliters, completely cleared of radioactive material by 1 Gm. of dry skin. The initial reaction follows strictly a course described by the formula a = b t c , where (a) is the difference between the average clearance of the inflamed and normal skin samples, (t) is the time in minutes, and (b) and (c) are constants. For normal-, medium-, and large-sized rats, as well as adrenalectomized animals, subjected to Xylene irritation, the (c) value was characteristically constant and equal to 2. Heat injury, on the other hand, is characterized by a lower exponent. The value of the constant (b) varied with the experimental group. The functional or anatomical factors reflected in these constants are not established. Nutritional blood flow was determined at close intervals during the development of the inflammatory reaction. It is postulated that the characteristic kinetics of the transudation of blood proteins into the inflamed skin reflects the changes in nutritional blood flow and vascular-exchange area which accompany the development of the reaction. The view is expressed that the passage of smaller molecules across normal vessel walls is likewise regulated by changes in blood flow and extent of vascular exchange.
Optical properties of a family of Au-nanoparticle-containing alumina membranes in which the nanoparticle shape is varied from needle-like (prolate) to spheroid, to pancake-like (oblate)

Abstract The optical properties of a family of alumina membranes that contain Au nanoparticles with diameters of 52 nm and aspect ratios (length divided by diameter) varying from 0.38 (oblate or pancake-like) to 24 (prolate or needle-like) have been studied. The dynamic Maxwell-Garnett (DMG) theory was used to model the optical properties of these Au nanoparticle-containing membranes. The trend of a redshift in λmax for the plasmon resonance band with decreasing aspect ratio (observed previously for prolate particles) is observed over this entire aspect ratio range. Indeed, the redshift with decreasing aspect ratio becomes much more dramatic for the oblate particles. Because of this enhanced sensitivity of λmax to the aspect ratio, we suggest that the DMG theory can be used to obtain the aspect ratio for oblate Au nanoparticles of unknown length by matching the experimental λmax with a DMG calculated value using aspect ratio as the adjustable parameter.
Intelligent Compaction of Stabilized Subgrade of Flexible Pavement

The long-term performance of a flexible pavement largely depends on the compaction level achieved in different layers during construction. Traditionally, the compaction level of the subgrade is monitored through spot checking of moisture content and dry density at some discrete points. However, this type of quality control work does not cover the entire pavement and may leave under-compacted areas. These under-compacted areas could likely lead to early failure of the pavement structure. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a real-time compaction monitoring tool that can provide an accurate measurement of the compaction level of the entire pavement. Such measurements could be used to identify and remediate under- compacted areas and provide adequate support to asphalt layers constructed on top of the prepared subgrade. The application of the Intelligent Compaction Analyzer (ICA) for real-time monitoring of compaction of a stabilized subgrade is addressed in this paper. Four case studies demonstrating the successful application of the ICA are included. The compaction level of the stabilized subgrade was monitored in terms of ICA density and modulus. In each case study, it was found that ICA could estimate the compaction level with a reasonable accuracy. It was also found that the ICA modulus and nuclear density gauge (NDG) measured density exhibits a good correlation with R 2 equal to 0.73.
Viral susceptibility of a human carcinoma cell (strain KB).

Summary1) A human epithelioid carcinoma cell in tissue culture (strain KB) has been found susceptible to a number of viruses, including poliomyelitis, herpes simplex, vaccinia, a number of APC stra...
Pelagic-benthic transition of the harmful alga, Heterosigma akashiwo: Changes in swimming and implications for benthic cell distributions

Abstract Many harmful algal blooming (HAB) species transition between a vegetative, motile phase in the water column and a dormant, non-motile resting phase in the sediments. These life history transitions potentially regulate the timing, location and persistence of bloom events. Motility promotes aggregation and influences vertical distributions in the water column. However, the contribution of this behavior to benthic distributions of resting cells is currently unknown. We used video-tracking techniques to test the hypothesis that algal cells use active down-swimming during pelagic-benthic transition to favorably influence benthic distributions. In an experimental water column, we monitored cell swimming trajectories of Heterosigma akashiwo for 14 days after cells were signaled to enter the benthic resting stage. Using the statistical characteristics of individual cell trajectories, we developed a video-based motion assay to assign each tracked Heterosigma cell to one of three cell states known to occur during pelagic-benthic transition: induced motile, transitional and resting. The primary swimming characteristic influencing benthic distribution, net vertical velocity, was essentially the same for all three cell states. Hence, we found no evidence that active down-swimming influences benthic distributions. Our data suggest that benthic distributions of Heterosigma resting cells are similar to distributions of slowly sedimenting passive particles. These observations suggest that Heterosigma benthic resting cell distributions can be predicted by modeling the effects of cell sedimentation rates combined with geophysical flow patterns.
LEARNING OF REDUNDANT MATERIAL PRESENTED THROUGH TWO SENSORY MODALITIES.

Ss were given a series of learning trials with stimulus materials of differing degrees of meaningfulness and redundancy using three modes of presentation. All Ss received one list of the stimulus m...
Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of blood vessels in spinal cord injury and repair

Spinal cord injury causes immediate damage of nervous tissue accompanied by the loss of motor and sensory function. The limited self-repair ability of damaged nervous tissue underlies the need for reparative interventions to restore function after spinal cord injury. Blood vessels play a crucial role in spinal cord injury and repair. Injury-induced loss of local blood vessels and a compromised blood–brain barrier contribute to inflammation and ischemia and thus to the overall damage to the nervous tissue of the spinal cord. Lack of vasculature and leaking blood vessels impede endogenous tissue repair and limit prospective repair approaches. A reduction of blood vessel loss and the restoration of blood vessels so that they no longer leak might support recovery from spinal cord injury. The promotion of new blood vessel formation (i.e., angio- and vasculogenesis) might aid repair but also incorporates the danger of exacerbating tissue loss and thus functional impairment. The delicate interplay between cells and molecules that govern blood vessel repair and formation determines the extent of damage and the success of reparative interventions. This review deals with the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the role of blood vessels in spinal cord injury and repair.
Isolation of mutants of Escherichia coli lacking NAD- and NADP-linked malic enzyme activities

Summary When Escherichia coli utilizes C4-dicarboxylic acids as sole sources of carbon and energy for growth, phosphoenolpyruvate is synthesized by means of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase or by sequential action of malic enzyme and phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase. Chemical mutagenesis of a strain of E. coli K-12 lacking phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity yielded a mutant which grows very slowly on malate-mineral medium and lacks NAD-linked malic enzyme activity as well as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity. A revertant of this double mutant which possesses elevated levels of NADP-linked malic enzyme activity grows well on malate-mineral medium. Further mutagenesis of this revertant produced a mutant which grows very slowly on malate-mineral medium and lacks NADP-linked malic enzyme activity as well as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and NAD-linked malic enzyme activities.
The stressor criterion in DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder: an empirical investigation.

Abstract Background: The DSM-IV two-part definition of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) widened the variety of stressors (A1) and added a subjective component (A2). The effects of the revised stressor criterion on estimates of exposure and PTSD in a community sample are evaluated. Methods: A representative sample of 2181 persons in southeast Michigan were interviewed about lifetime history of traumatic events and PTSD. The evaluation of the revised two-part definition is based on a randomly selected sample of events that represents the total pool of traumatic events experienced in the community. Results: The enlarged definition of stressors in A1 increased the total number of events that can be used to diagnose PTSD by 59%. The majority of A1 events (76.6%) involved the emotional response in A2. Females were more likely than males to endorse A2 (adjusted odds ratio=2.66; 95% confidence interval 1.92, 3.71). Of all PTSD cases resulting from the representative sample of events, 38% were attributable to the expansion of qualifying events in A1. The identification of exposures that lead to PTSD were not improved materially by A2 however, events that did not involve A2 rarely resulted in PTSD. Conclusions: Compared to previous definitions, the wider variety of stressors in A1 markedly increased the number of events experienced in the community that can be used to diagnose PTSD. Furthermore, A2 might be useful as a separate criterion, an acute response necessary for the emergence of PTSD, and might serve as an early screen for identifying a subset of recently exposed persons at virtually no risk for PTSD. The utility of A2 as a screen must be tested prospectively.
Small bowel obstruction

Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaCorrespondenceShireesh Saurabh, Surgery, Drexel UniversityCollege of Medicine, Broad and Vine Street,Philadelphia 19102 PA. Tel: 215-264-2259;Fax: 319-356-4609; E-mail:shireesh22@gmail.comFunding InformationNo funding information provided.Received: 21 June 2013; Revised: 31 July2013; Accepted: 10 September 2013Clinical Case Reports 2013; 1(2): 100–101doi:10.1002/ccr3.21
Synthesis and baseline testing of a digital pulse-width-modulated clutch

Abstract The switch-mode continuously variable transmission is the mechanical analog of a DC–DC boost converter circuit and allows coupling a high speed flywheel to a mechanical load. The system requires a high-frequency clutch with a variable duty ratio and low slip during engagement and disengagement. In this paper, the synthesis and baseline testing of a novel digital clutch for this application are presented. The custom clutch design utilizes a double dwell axial cam with a profile that varies with radius. The duty cycle of the clutch is controlled through positioning the radial location of three translating followers, connected through a linkage. The axial clamping force of the clutch is generated through designed deflection of the system components and springs in series with the cam followers. Through baseline testing, the clutch was operated at angular velocities up to 45 rad/s, creating clutch switching frequencies up to 22 Hz. The average clutch efficiency at 20% duty cycle was 55%, yet the efficiency is highly dependent on the duty cycle and can be improved in future testing.
Antisera directed against anti-histone H4 antibodies recognize linker histones. Novel immunological probes to detect histone interactions.

Abstract We introduce a novel immunological approach to detect structural interactions between chromosomal proteins. Antigenically pure core histone H4 was prepared from chicken erythrocytes and used to produce anti-histone H4 antisera. IgG fractions were isolated from purified anti-H4 antibodies and used as antigens to produce “second generation” antisera. Epitopes cross-reacting with the second generation antisera were then identified within chromosomal proteins. These epitopes were presumed to mimic the complementary molecular surface of the original anti-H4 antibodies, and thus proteins containing these epitopes were putatively identified as specific ligands of H4 in chromatin. Surprisingly, we found this immunoreactivity was predominantly directed against H1 compared with H5 from chicken erythrocytes. Further, the immunoreactive epitopes were located within the C-terminal tail domain of the linker histones. These results suggest similar complementary interactions occur between H4 and the C-terminal tail domain of H1s in native chromatin. This could occur either within a single nucleosome as suggested by a previous report (Baneres, J.-L., Essalouh, L., Jariel-Encontre, I., Mesnier, D., Garrod, S., and Parello, J. (1994) J. Mol. Biol., 243, 48–59) or between neighboring nucleosomes within the condensed chromatin fiber. The implications of these results with regard to the structure of the chromatin fiber and the future utility of this technique are discussed.
A Scale of Personality Styles Based on DSM-III-R for Investigating Occupational Choice and Leisure Activities

This article presents measures of six personality styles designed to investigate occupational choice and leisure activity in survey research among normal populations. The instrument is composed of scales of seven items each that describe Narcissistic, Paranoid, Obsessive, Hysterical, Depressive and Impulsive personalities based on axis II of DSM-III-R (1987) and Shapiro's Neurotic styles (1965). The scales were validated on several independent samples (443 undergraduate students, 802 undergraduate and graduate students, 293 students and adult workers). We found that the measures of personality styles satisfied several tests of internal consistency, validity, and reliability. Although the results from our preliminary assessment of the difference in personality styles among selected occupational groups are not fully definitive, they do suggest that theoretically meaningful differences exist.
Electron Microscope Study of Initial Stage of Growth of ZnSe on GaAs

Recent molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) studies have shown that depending on surface conditions of GaAs two different growth modes, layer-by-layer or island, occur at the initial stage of the growth of ZnSe on (100) GaAs. In this study, we have observed various types of GaAs surfaces used for the MBE growth of ZnSe by reflection electron microscopy and ZnSe islands on a GaAs substrate by cross-sectional high resolution electron microscopy. Results of these observations suggest that the occurrence of two growth modes is determined by atomistic structures of GaAs surfaces such as the surface stoichiometry or the density of atomic steps.
Environmental stress and phytoalexin accumulation in soybean

Les parametres du milieu exterieur (lumiere, temperature, salinite, submersion de la rhizospliere/anaerobiose) modifient l'accumulation de glyceolline chez le Soja (Glycine max). Les plantes cultiv...
A fuzzy optimal controller for the mechatronic system with non-smooth non-linearities

In this paper, an optimal controller design for a system with time varying and non-smooth non-linearities described by Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model is presented. The controller design is posed in an optimisation problem subject to linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) constraints. Multiple positive definite matrices, as a part of the optimisation results, are combined to build a single positive definite matrix that guarantees the stability of the closed-loop system. State feedback controllers are constructed with the optimisation results obtained for each local linear system in the respective fuzzy rule. The controller of the whole system is presented as a fuzzy combination of these local feedback controllers. The controller is then applied to a harmonic drive system which is subject to the non-linear and temperature varying friction. The performance of the controller is verified through the simulation results of tracking reference signals in a temperature varying environment.
A generalized analytical solution for an inclined well in a vertically and horizontally anisotropic confined aquifer and comparisons with MODFLOW

Summary In this paper, a new generalized three-dimensional complete analytical solution is presented for any well screen shape in a vertically and horizontally anisotropic confined aquifer in x – y – z Cartesian coordinates system for drawdown by taking into account the three principal hydraulic conductivities ( K x , K y , and K z ) along the x – y – z coordinate directions. The special solution covers a partially-penetrating inclined parallelepiped as well as an inclined line source well. It has been showed that the rectangular parallelepiped screen case solution of Batu (2012) is a special case of this general solution. Like Batu (2012), the horizontal well case is a special case of this solution as well. The solution takes into account both the vertical anisotropy ( a zx = K z / K x ) as well as the horizontal anisotropy ( a yx = K y / K x ) and has potential application areas to analyze pumping test drawdown data from partially-penetrating inclined wells by representing them as tiny parallelepiped as well as line sources. Apart from other verifications, the inclined well solution results have also been compared with the results of MODFLOW with very good agreement. The solution has also potential application areas for a partially-penetrating inclined parallelepiped fracture. With this new solution, both the horizontal anisotropy ( a yx = K y / K x ) as well as the vertical anisotropy ( a zx = K z / K x ) can also be determined using observed drawdown data.
Statistics of range images

The statistics of range images from natural environments is a largely unexplored field of research. It closely relates to the statistical modeling of the scene geometry in natural environments, and the modeling of optical natural images. We have used a 3D laser range-finder to collect range images from mixed forest scenes. The images are here analyzed with respect to different statistics.
Predictors of Parent Stress in a Sample of Children with ASD: Pain, Problem Behavior, and Parental Coping.

Abstract Studies have shown that children with ASD have increased severity and incidence of pain symptoms compared to typically developing children and children with other disorders. Pain has also been shown to act as a setting event for problem behavior. Further, problem behavior is one of the biggest impediments to quality of life for families and highly relates to parent stress. This study examined pain and problem behavior as predictors of parent stress and also examined how parenting style interacted with pain and problem behavior to influence parent stress. Results showed that problem behavior was a moderating factor between pain and parent stress and there was a significant interaction between pain and problem behavior predicting stress. An overprotective parenting style also moderated the relationship between pain and parent stress and there was an interaction between the two factors predicting stress. Implications are discussed in terms of treatments that focus on children's behavior and parenting behavior in order to improve quality of life in families of children with ASD.
Determining the operational limits of an anomaly-based intrusion detector

Anomaly-detection techniques have considerable promise for two difficult and critical problems in information security and intrusion detection: detecting novel attacks, and detecting masqueraders. One of the best-known anomaly detectors used in intrusion detection is stide. (Rather than STIDE or Stide or s-tide, we have chosen "stide" in keeping with the way the detector was referred to in the paper by Warrender et al., 1999.) Developed at the University of New Mexico, stide aims to detect attacks that exploit processes that run with root privileges. The original work on stide presented empirical results indicating that data sequences of length six and above were required for effective intrusion detection. This observation has given rise to the long-standing question, "why six?" accompanied by related questions regarding the conditions under which six may (not) be appropriate. This paper addresses the "why six" issue by presenting an evaluation framework for mapping out stide's effective operating space and by identifying conditions that contribute to detection capability, particularly detection blindness. A theoretical justification explains the effectiveness of sequence lengths of six and above, as well as the consequences of using other values. In addition, results of an investigation are presented, comparing stide's anomaly-detection capabilities with those of a competing detector.
Effect of Massachusetts healthcare reform on racial and ethnic disparities in admissions to hospital for ambulatory care sensitive conditions: retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics.

Objectives To examine the impact of Massachusetts healthcare reform on changes in rates of admission to hospital for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs), which are potentially preventable with good access to outpatient medical care, and racial and ethnic disparities in such rates, using complete inpatient discharge data (hospital episode statistics) from Massachusetts and three control states. Design Difference in differences analysis to identify the change, overall and according to race/ethnicity, adjusted for secular changes unrelated to reform. Setting Hospitals in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, United States. Participants Adults aged 18-64 (those most likely to have been affected by the reform) admitted for any of 12 ACSCs in the 21 months before and after the period during which reform was implemented (July 2006 to December 2007). Main outcome measures Admission rates for a composite of all 12 ACSCs, and subgroup composites of acute and chronic ACSCs. Results After adjustment for potential confounders, including age, race and ethnicity, sex, and county income, unemployment rate and physician supply, we found no evidence of a change in the admission rate for overall composite ACSC (1.2%, 95% confidence interval −1.6% to 4.1%) or for subgroup composites of acute and chronic ACSCs. Nor did we find a change in disparities in admission rates between black and white people (−1.9%, −8.5% to 5.1%) or white and Hispanic people (2.0%, −7.5% to 12.4%) for overall composite ACSC that existed in Massachusetts before reform. In analyses limited to Massachusetts only, we found no evidence of a change in admission rate for overall composite ACSC between counties with higher and lower rates of uninsurance at baseline (1.4%, −2.3% to 5.3%). Conclusions Massachusetts reform was not associated with significantly lower overall or racial and ethnic disparities in rates of admission to hospital for ACSCs. In the US, and Massachusetts in particular, additional efforts might be needed to improve access to outpatient care and reduce preventable admissions.
Photogenerated glycan arrays identify immunogenic sugar moieties of Bacillus anthracis exosporium

Using photogenerated glycan arrays, we characterized a large panel of synthetic carbohydrates for their antigenic reactivities with pathogen-specific antibodies. We discovered that rabbit IgG antibodies elicited by Bacillus anthracis spores specifically recognize a tetrasaccharide chain that decorates the outermost surfaces of the B. anthracis exosporium. Since this sugar moiety is highly specific for the spores of B. anthracis, it appears to be a key biomarker for detection of B. anthracis spores and development of novel vaccines that target anthrax spores.
DNA barcoding and the renaissance of taxonomy

How limited (or not) is the dietary range of an animal species? How does that host specificity plot across major lineages of organisms? How does that affect the structure of ecological communities? These are major questions in ecology, especially for invertebrates, where they have major implications for academic questions, such as how many species of insects there are, and practical applications in fields such as biological control (1). A multidisciplinary team representing field ecology, molecular genetics, and morphological taxonomy presents data in this issue of PNAS (2) that challenge our traditional assumptions of parasite diversity and host specificity in a system of tachinid flies that parasitize moth and butterfly caterpillars in Costa Rica (Fig. 1).
Impact of mitral regurgitation on long-term survival after percutaneous coronary intervention.

In patients with coronary artery disease, mitral regurgitation (MR) may be due to acute or chronic papillary muscle ischemia, left ventricular (LV) dilation, or papillary muscle rupture. Patients with moderate or severe MR and early LV dysfunction may benefit from surgical repair or replacement of the mitral valve, with or without coronary bypass surgery. 1‐ 4 There are reports of improvement in MR after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), especially in patients with acute myocardial ischemic syndromes. 5‐9 The prognostic importance of MR in patients with coronary artery disease selected to undergo PCI outside of the setting of acute myocardial infarction has not been studied. In this observational analysis we sought to determine the independent prognostic impact of moderate to severe MR on subsequent survival in a cohort of consecutive patients who underwent PCI from 1994 to 1997.
Implications of Breach Remedy and Renegotiation Design for Innovation and Capacity

Amanufacturer writes supply contracts with N buyers. Then, the buyers invest in innovation, and the manufacturer builds capacity. Finally, demand is realized, and the firms renegotiate the supply contracts to achieve an efficient allocation of capacity among the buyers. The court remedy for breach of contract (specific performance versus expectation damages) affects how the firms share the gain from renegotiation, and hence how the firms make investments ex ante. The firms may also engage in renegotiation design, inserting simple clauses into the supply contract to shape the outcome of renegotiation. For example, when a buyer grants a financial “hostage” to the manufacturer or is charged a per diem penalty for delay in bargaining, the manufacturer captures the gain from renegotiation. “Tradable options,” which grant buyers the right to trade capacity without intervention from the manufacturer, return the gain from renegotiation to the buyers. This paper proves that, under surprisingly general conditions, the firms can coordinate their investments with the simplest of supply contracts (fixed-quantity contracts). This may require renegotiation design, and certainly requires that the firms understand the breach remedy and set their contract parameters accordingly.
Land Cover Changes of the Lake Pontchartrain Basin: 1982–2005

Abstract Describing the nature and extent of land resources and changes over time has become increasingly important, especially in rapidly growing metropolitan areas. In this study, two Landsat satellite image scenes were examined to identify land use and land cover changes for the Lake Pontchartrain Basin between 1982 and 2005. Classification accuracies were based upon ground truth data obtained by global positioning system field collection and photo interpretations. A postclassification change detection analysis was used to identify areas that have experienced conversions in land use or land cover. Comparisons of the land cover maps reveal that a steady growth in population and an increase in commercial and residential development have caused extensive changes to critical habitats throughout the basin. The maps also indicate that the loss of coastal wetlands, combined with shoreline erosion, remains one of the most serious environmental problems facing the Pontchartrain Basin today. The postclassificati...
Upgrading of crude algal bio-oil in supercritical water

We determined the influence of a Pt/C catalyst, high-pressure H2, and pH on the upgrading of a crude algal bio-oil in supercritical water (SCW). The SCW treatment led to a product oil with a higher heating value (∼42 MJ/kg) and lower acid number than the crude bio-oil. The product oil was also lower in O and N and essentially free of sulfur. Including the Pt/C catalyst in the reactor led to a freely flowing liquid product oil with a high abundance of hydrocarbons. Overall, many of the properties of the upgraded oil obtained from catalytic treatment in SCW are similar to those of hydrocarbon fuels derived from fossil fuel resources. Thus, this work shows that the crude bio-oil from hydrothermal liquefaction of a microalga can be effectively upgraded in supercritical water in the presence of a Pt/C catalyst.
Umbilical cord transection to induce fetal demise prior to second-trimester D&E abortion: in reply.

Abstract Objective Induction of fetal demise via transabdominal injection has been used to facilitate second-trimester abortion but requires a second procedure and has associated risks. The method of amniotomy, cord transection and documentation of fetal asystole immediately prior to dilation and evacuation (DE however, characteristics of this method have not been described. Study Design This descriptive report from a single center involves a large case series of DE p=.008). Few patients had minor (4.6%) or major (0.3%) complications; time to asystole was not associated with complications. Conclusions Umbilical cord transection immediately prior to D&E is a feasible, efficacious and safe way to induce fetal demise without performing additional procedures. Implication statement This study demonstrates the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of utilizing umbilical cord transection to induce fetal demise in a large cohort. This method is an alternative to other feticidal procedures.
The Iron Cage and the Monkey's Paw: Isomorphism, Legitimacy, and the Perils of a Rising Journal

The Academy of Management Learning & Education (AMLE) has ascended the heights of management journals in a mere decade. How that happened, and whether perils attend it, are the subjects of this ess...