cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oncogenic conversion of normal cells by inactivated herpes simplex viruses

There are two genetically distinct subtypes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) endemic in human populations. Both Type 1 and Type 2 viruses induce several pathologic conditions and have now been associated with a variety of human neoplasias by serologic techniques. Support for the oncogenic potential of these viruses derives from several observations: 1) Seroepidemiologic studies have consistently linked an increased incidence of neutralizing antibodies to HSV-2 with the presence of cervical carcinoma; 2) The presence of antibody to early (non-virion) herpesvirus antigens has been reported in patients with invasive cervical carcinoma and eight other neoplasias of the oral and genital area, but not in normal cases; 3) The presence of HSV-2 antigens in exfoliating cervical carcinoma cells, recovery of a virus identified immunologically as HSV-2 from virus-free tumor cells maintained in culture, and the detection of a fragment of the HSV-2 genome in cells from one cervical tumor associates the virus with chromosomes of neoplastic cells; 4) Equally significant are the multiple demonstrations that HSV-1 and HSV-2 can transform hamster, mouse, and human cells in culture to cells that can then establish permanent lines, contain virus nucleic acids, and express virus markers. These cells may be malignant when transplanted into histocompatible hosts. Taken together, these observations strongly associate herpes simplex viruses with a variety of human cancers and urge further study to resolve their role in etiology.
Preparing and Developing Faculty Through Faculty Development Initiatives

Un i versities and community colleges bring together persons f rom many disciplines with d i vergent viewpoints. These institutions value the exchange of cre a t i ve ideas and stimulate intellectual conversation. T h e y value re s e a rch and the pro c u rement of grants to support that process. T h e y value service to the institution and to the c o m m u n i t y, and some of these institutions value skillful teaching. Faced with challenges of the 21st century, faculty members are expected to adapt to an i n c reasingly diverse student population, apply new teaching methods, integrate complex technology into their curricula, conduct re s e a rch and pursue scholarly e n d e a vors, engage in service activities, and develop curricula that respond to multifaceted professional issues and academic reform. How are new faculty members pre p a red and supported to pursue these challenges? How are experienced faculty members further deve loped and s u p p o rted? When, how, and from whom do faculty members learn the principles of instructional design or course management? From whom do they learn the rigors of re s e a rch? How do they learn to balance the demands of teaching, re
Role of Telemedicine in Providing Tertiary Neurological Care

Remote consultation via telemedicine for neurologic indications is in the mainstream. This holds most true for cerebrovascular concerns such as acute stroke, but its use has extended into most of the breadth of neurologic subspecialty practice. This is ostensibly a major advance for enhancing access to neurologic specialty care and a path toward better outcomes overall. Currently, there is a lack of randomized controlled trials and health economic analyses to support this conclusion. The continued use and expansion of teleneurologic practice is encouraged, so long as it is accompanied by clinical data tracking and leads to more randomized controlled trials. A solid evidence base should be established for its use such that future trials and monetary investments can be made with a better understanding of what teleneurology has to offer patients and society.
A model for the influence of microstructure, precipitate pinning and fission gas behavior on irradiation-induced recrystallization of nuclear fuels☆

Abstract Irradiation-induced recrystallization appears to be a general phenomenon in that it is observed to occur in a variety of nuclear fuel types, e.g. U– x Mo, UO 2 , and U 3 O 8 . For temperatures below that where significant thermal annealing of defects occurs, an expression is derived for the fission density at which irradiation-induced recrystallization is initiated that is athermal and weakly dependent on fission rate. The initiation of recrystallization is to be distinguished from the subsequent progression and eventual consumption of the original fuel grain. The formulation takes into account the observed microstructural evolution of the fuel, the role of precipitate pinning and fission gas bubbles, and the triggering event for recrystallization. The calculated dislocation density, fission gas bubble-size distribution, and fission density at which recrystallization first appears are compared to measured quantities.
Time-dependent production of nitric oxide by rat hepatocyte suspensions.

Abstract Isolated hepatocyte suspensions prepared by collagenase perfusion released high levels of nitrite into the extracellular medium during an 8-hr incubation. The release was time dependent, with increases first occurring by 4 hr and continuing throughout the remainder of the incubation period. Nitrite production was inhibited by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors aminoguanidine and N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester ( l -NAME), indicating that the nitrite is derived from nitric oxide (NO) production from NOS activity. Nitrite production was not related to bacterial or Kupffer cell contamination. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D also prevented nitrite production by parenchymal hepatocytes. Calcium-independent NOS enzyme activity increased with incubation times, and this increase coincided with the observed increases in nitrite production. Our results suggest that NOS is induced following the isolation of hepatocytes, and this induction results in the formation of high levels of NO.
Comparison of High School Dual-Enrollment and Traditional First-Term General/Organic/Biochemistry College Chemistry Class Outcomes

Student performance in a high school dual-enrollment chemistry course was compared with student performance in the corresponding traditional college course. The two courses were taught by the same instructor and evaluated using the same American Chemical Society (ACS) standardized examination. Interestingly, the high school dual-enrollment students have outperformed the traditional college students on the college-level exam in each of the years that the dual-enrollment program has been in existence. Dual-enrolled students also consistently did better on the ACS college-level exam than they did on the ACS high school exam.
3D high resolution pure optical photoacoustic microscopy

The concept of pure optical photoacoustic microscopy(POPAM) was proposed based on optical rastering of a focused excitation beam and optically sensing the photoacoustic signal using a microring resonator fabricated by a nanoimprinting technique. After some refinedment of in the resonator structure and mold fabrication, an ultrahigh Q factor of 3.0×105 was achieved which provided high sensitivity with a noise equivalent detectable pressure(NEDP) value of 29Pa. This NEDP is much lower than the hundreds of Pascals achieved with existing optical resonant structures such as etalons, fiber gratings and dielectric multilayer interference filters available for acoustic measurement. The featured high sensitivity allowed the microring resonator to detect the weak photoacoustic signals from micro- or submicroscale objects. The inherent superbroad bandwidth of the optical microring resonator combined with an optically focused scanning beam provided POPAM of high resolution in the axial as well as both lateral directions while the axial resolution of conventional photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) suffers from the limited bandwidth of PZT detectors. Furthermore, the broadband microring resonator showed similar sensitivity to that of our most sensitive PZT detector. The current POPAM system provides a lateral resolution of 5μm and an axial resolution of 8μm, comparable to that achieved by optical microscopy while presenting the unique contrast of optical absorption and functional information complementing other optical modalities. The 3D structure of microvasculature, including capillary networks, and even individual red blood cells have been discerned successfully in the proof-of-concept experiments on mouse bladders ex vivo and mouse ears in vivo. The potential of approximately GHz bandwidth of the microring resonator also might allow much higher resolution than shown here in microscopy of optical absorption and acoustic propagation properties at depths in unfrozen tissue specimens or thicker tissue sections not now imageable with current optical or acoustic microscopes of comparable resolution.
Networking of phospholipases in plant signal transduction

Phospholipases are activated in response to various cellular and environmental cues. Their activation can affect many cellular processes through their roles in signal transduction. Recent advances in the biochemical and molecular understanding of phospholipase D (PLD) have provided insights into potential networks of PLDs and other phospholipases in plants. PLDs are a family of heterogeneous enzymes, and the activities of the multiple types of PLDs are regulated in distinctly different manners. Phosphoinositides, free fatty acids, lysophospholipids, and calcium are differential modulators of PLDs. Since these modulators are substrates, products, or downstream targets of phospholipase As and phospholipase Cs, there are many potential regulatory and metabolic interrelationships among the various PLDs and other phospholipases.
Predictive factors for vision loss after hematopoietic cell transplant for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

Background X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited disease characterized by cerebral demyelination, adrenal insufficiency, and progressive neurological deterioration. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only effective treatment. Visual dysfunction is a common component of the disease and may continue to progress in patients after HCT. This study was designed to determine prognostic factors predictive of vision loss after HCT. Subjects and methods A retrospective chart review was performed for all boys who had HCT for cerebral X-ALD at the University of Minnesota between 1991 and 2002. Patients were included if they survived 100 days post-HCT and had pre- and post-HCT ophthalmology evaluation. Complete data were available for 14 patients. Patient characteristics examined included HLA match status, graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis, source of HCT, reason for diagnosis, age at treatment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) severity score, pattern of demyelination on MRI, and pretreatment performance intelligence quotient (IQ). Univariate analysis was performed for correlation with posttransplant visual acuity and optic disk pallor. Results Factors significantly correlated with loss of visual acuity after HCT included pretransplant MRI severity score >11 ( p = 0.03), pretransplant performance IQ p = 0.02), and the presence of pretransplant parieto-occipital demyelination on MRI ( p = 0.03). Additionally, the presence of pretransplant parieto-occipital demyelination on MRI was found to correlate with the development of new optic disk pallor after HCT ( p = 0.05). Conclusions This study identifies patient characteristics predictive of vision loss after HCT for X-ALD. Decisions about treatment for X-ALD rely heavily upon prognostic information about adverse outcomes following HCT. These findings will aid clinicians counseling patients considering HCT for X-ALD.
Scientific Practice and the Tradition of Advocacy in Special Education

The purpose of this discussion is to describe and contrast several tenets of scientific behavior and practice with the behaviors and practices associated with advocacy. We argue that scientists must focus their efforts on solvable problems, consider their efforts to be uncertain, and present their findings dispassionately, so that others might judge the evidence for themselves. Advocates, in contrast, must confront the problems facing the people for whom they have concern over whether the problems appear to be solvable or not. Furthermore, advocacy requires a certainty of conviction that leads to the promotion of particular positions and their adoption by others. We suggest that although special education's roots are more closely aligned with advocacy than with science, its future depends on its ability to adopt a more fully scientific approach to practice. We conclude with a discussion of how the assignment of test accommodations to students with disabilities illustrates the tension between science and advocacy.
Olivine/silicate melt partitioning of germanium: an example of a nearly constant partition coefficient

Abstract The partitioning of germanium between forsterite (Fo) and liquids in the diopside-anorthiteforsterite join was investigated by electron microprobe analysis of Ge-doped samples equilibrated at 1300°–1450°C. Germanium is somewhat incompatible in Fo relative to the haplobasaltic melts, with a grand mean for all simple partition coefficients (DFo-lGe) of 0.68 ± 0.06. For the melt composition range studied, DFo-lGe is virtually constant in isothermal series of experiments, and shows only minor overall temperature dependence. The exchange reaction partition coefficient K D = ( Mg 2 GeO 4 ) Fo (SiO 2 ) l (Mg 2 SiO 4 ) Fo (GeO 2 ) l ] is near unity in all cases, with a grand mean of 0.93 ± 0.11. One exploratory run at 20 kbar yielded a distinctly lower partition coefficient (DFo-lGe = 0.54 ± 0.04), which confirms the negative pressure dependence predicted by the thermodynamics of Ge ai Si exchange. These new data indicate that absolute Ge enrichment must occur in terrestrial magmas undergoing olivine fractionation, while Ge Si remains nearly constant.
Case Study: Use of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist in a Patient on Intensive Insulin Therapy

Current treatment of type 2 diabetes begins with diet and lifestyle modifications accompanied by use of oral antihyperglycemic medications. Despite multiple therapeutic options for people with type 2 diabetes, the disorder continues to progress, resulting in the gradual deterioration of glycemic control over time (1). This is the result of insulin resistance and progressive decline in β-cell function, combined with increased hepatic glucose output as a result of glucagon dysregulation (2). These factors lead to elevations in both fasting and prandial glucose levels. It is well known that poor glycemic control is associated with increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Ultimately, basal insulin, premixed insulin, and/or prandial insulin are added to the treatment regimen (3). The U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study and its follow-up found that patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes receiving intensive insulin therapy had significantly lower risks of microvascular and macrovascular complications, as well as lowered mortality rates compared to diabetes patients on standard therapy (1,4). However, intensive insulin therapy is associated with weight gain and hypoglycemia (1). A plethora of other treatment options are available for diabetes patients, many of which are either weight neutral or promote weight loss. The downside of having these additional treatment options is that the wide range of choices may present a challenge to prescribers when determining the optimal therapeutic regimen. In making these decisions, health care providers should consider patients’ disease progression state, comorbidities, and concomitant treatments (5). GLP-1 receptor agonists are one of the newer drug classes to appear on the market. These agents have been proven to be effective without increased risk of hypoglycemia or weight gain (6,7). They are ideal for patients who have had episodes of hypoglycemia on large insulin doses and for obese patients who could benefit from the …
The measurement of mortality - air pollution relationships

This paper reviews past evidence on the properties of alternative specifications of the relationship between air pollution and mortality, and discusses the extent to which estimates derived from these relations are credible. Revised mortality—air-pollution equations are estimated with 1968 and 1969 data. These equations are tested for specification errors. While the results of the analysis indicate that the measured effect of air pollution on total mortality is quite stable, they do suggest that the findings of any of these studies must be viewed with caution. Air-pollution—mortality relations can only be regarded as weak approximations of a more complex underlying association.
Detection of the alpha-subunit of inhibin in trophoblastic neoplasia

Placental trophoblasts are the primary source of serum inhibin during pregnancy. We sought to characterize inhibin immunolabeling in trophoblastic neoplasms and compare the results with those for established markers of trophoblastic differentiation. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from three normal term placentas, 13 hydatidiform moles (HM), five choriocarcinomas (CC) (three gestational, one testicular, one mediastinal), and five placental site trophoblastic tumors (PSTT) were immunolabeled with antibodies to the alpha-subunit of inhibin, hPL, and beta-hCG. Additionally, six first-trimester placentas were immunolabeled with antibody to inhibin alone. Trophoblastic subpopulations were assessed for the number of positive cells (1% to 24% = 1+,25% to 49% = 2+,50% to 74% = 3+, 75% to 100% = 4+). Immunolabeling in term placenta and HM was similar, because beta-hCG was the most sensitive marker (4+) of syncytiotrophoblasts followed by inhibin (3-4+) and hPL (2-3+). Immunolabeling of syncytiotrophoblasts in CC was similar to that in term placenta and HM, except for negative hPL staining in two cases. In HM, inhibin labeling of intermediate trophoblasts (2-3+) was less than that for hPL (3-4+). In CC, inhibin and hPL labeling of intermediate trophoblasts was more variable with negative hPL reactivity in two cases. Inhibin and hPL did not stain cytotrophoblasts. In PSTT, inhibin immunolabeling was a better marker than hPL in two cases, inferior in two, and similar in one. Inhibin labeling of syncytiotrophoblasts was less than that for beta-hCG, but did not have the often marked background staining that was present with beta-hCG. Immunolabeling of trophoblast subpopulations for inhibin was similar between first-trimester placenta, term placenta, and HM. We conclude that inhibin is a useful immunohistochemical marker of trophoblastic neoplasia and should be included in the antibody panel with beta-hCG and hPL.
Ways of pastmaking

Riddles of induction – old or new, Hume’s or Goodman’s – pose unanswered challenges to assumptions that experiences logically legitimate expectations or classifications. The challenges apply both to folk beliefs and to scientific ones. In particular, Goodman’s ‘new riddle’ famously confounds efforts to specify how additional experiences confirm the rightness of currently preferred ways of organizing objects, i.e. our favored theories of what kinds there are.1 His riddle serves to emphasize that neither logic nor experience certifies accepted groupings of objects into kinds.2 Hacking strongly endorses Goodman’s riddle and its chief consequences – nature does not dictate any organizing scheme to us, and different schemes need have no connection to one another.
Surgical management of cloacal malformations

Cloaca is defined as a defect in which the urinary tract, the vagina and the rectum are fused, creating a single common channel, and opening into an orifice at the site of the normal urethra. Correct management includes an early diagnosis and adequate treatment from the newborn period. We believe that these patients are frequently misdiagnosed and consequently mistreated. The analysis of our experience with the treatment of 330 cases allowed us to make specific recommendations to improve the management of these patients. During the first 24 h of life, emphasis is placed on the recognition and treatment of potentially lethal associated defects, mainly urologic, oesophageal or cardiac. The baby should not be taken to the operating room without ruling out these associated defects. The basic principles of the main repair are delineated. Patients suffering from cloacas with common channels shorter than 3 cm can be treated by a general paediatric surgeon, provided he or she is familiar with the procedure and observes a delicate and meticulous technique. Patients suffering from cloacas with common channels longer than 3 cm belong, by definition, to a more complex type of deformity that, in order to be repaired, requires a surgeon with more experience as well as knowledge of paediatric urology. Sixty percent of all our patients enjoy voluntary bowel movements (VBM). Seventy percent of all patients with a common channel longer than 3 cm require intermittent catheterization to empty their bladder, whereas 20% of those born with a common channel shorter than 3 cm require such a manoeuvre. All patients must be followed on a long-term basis in order to evaluate sexual function and care for obstetric issues.
Identification Concerns and Promises for Gifted Students of Diverse Populations

(2005). Identification Concerns and Promises for Gifted Students of Diverse Populations. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 44, Gifted Education, pp. 105-114.
Land–Ocean Warming Contrast over a Wide Range of Climates: Convective Quasi-Equilibrium Theory and Idealized Simulations

Surface temperatures increase at a greater rate over land than ocean in simulations and observations of global warming. It has previously been proposed that this land–ocean warming contrast is related to different changes in lapse rates over land and ocean because of limited moisture availability over land. A simple theory oftheland–oceanwarmingcontrastisdevelopedhereinwhichlapseratesaredeterminedbyanassumptionof convective quasi-equilibrium. The theory predicts that the difference between land and ocean temperatures increases monotonically as the climate warms or as the land becomes more arid. However, the ratio of differential warming over land and ocean varies nonmonotonically with temperature for constant relative humidities and reaches a maximum at roughly 290 K. The theory is applied to simulations with an idealized general circulation model in which the continental configuration and climate are varied systematically. The simulated warming contrast is confined to latitudes below 508 when climate is varied by changes in longwave optical thickness. The warming contrast depends on land aridity and is larger for zonal land bands than for continents with finite zonal extent. A land–ocean temperaturecontrastmaybeinducedathigherlatitudesbyenforcinganaridlandsurface,butitsmagnitudeis relatively small. The warming contrast is generally well described by the theory, although inclusion of a land– ocean albedo contrast causes the theory to overestimate the land temperatures. Extensions of the theory are discussed to include the effect of large-scale eddies on the extratropical thermal stratification and to account for warming contrasts in both surface air and surface skin temperatures.
Fibrinogen Excretion in the Urine and Immunoreactivity in the Kidney Serves as a Translational Biomarker for Acute Kidney Injury

Fibrinogen (Fg) is significantly up-regulated in the kidney after acute kidney injury (AKI). We evaluated the performance of Fg as a biomarker for early detection of AKI. In rats and mice with kidney tubular damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or cisplatin administration, respectively; kidney tissue and urinary Fg increased significantly and correlated with histopathological injury, urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) corresponding to the progression and regression of injury temporally. In a longitudinal follow-up of 31 patients who underwent surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm, urinary Fg increased earlier than SCr in patients who developed postoperative AKI (AUC-ROC = 0.72). Furthermore, in a cohort of patients with biopsy-proven AKI (n = 53), Fg immunoreactivity in the tubules and interstitium increased remarkably and was able to distinguish patients with AKI from those without AKI (n = 59). These results suggest that immunoreactivity of Fg in the kidney, as well as urinary excretion of Fg, serves as a sensitive and early diagnostic translational biomarker for detection of AKI.
Implementation of the Integrated Electronic Patient Portal in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background: This study assessed the current state of knowledge regarding the use of the integrated electronic health record (EHR) patient portal for pediatric clinical care. A systematic examination of the research on implementation, utilization, and evaluation of the integrated EHR patient portal among pediatric patients has not been previously conducted. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to systematically review existing research on the state of the science, describe the way others have defined the patient portal, and examine pediatric patient portal utilization. Materials and Methods: Covering a period from 1992 to 2014 a literature search was conducted on four electronic databases. Only articles in English were reviewed. Studies were included if they reported the use of a patient portal integrated with an electronic health record and captured pediatric medial encounters. Qualitative or quantitative studies of any design were eligible as long as they focused on patients (or paren...
Trends in Twentieth-Century Temperature Extremes across the United States

A long-term, homogeneous set of daily maximum and minimum temperature data representing a subset of daily U.S. Historical Climatology Network stations is used to analyze trends in extreme temperature occurrence across the contiguous United States. Time series of various lengths are analyzed, with the longest spanning the period 1900‐96. Trends in the annual occurrence of extreme maximum and minimum temperatures (e.g., values greater than the 90th, 95th, or 99th percentile) are strongly influenced by high exceedence counts during drought periods in the 1930s and 1950s. Peaks in exceedences during these years result in predominantly decreasing warm exceedence trends across the country during the 1930‐96 period. This is uncharacteristic of recent years (1960‐96) in which a large majority of stations show increases in warm extreme temperature exceedences. Significant increases in warm minimum temperature exceedences are found at nearly one-third of the stations during this period. Multiday warm temperature exceedence runs also show strong increases during this more recent period. The most rapid increases in high maximum and minimum temperature extremes occur at stations classified as urban, by satellite land use information. Trends in the annual occurrence of extremely cold maximum and minimum temperatures display an analogous decrease during the 1960‐96 period. Here again, there is a distinct shift in the number of decreasing trends between the 1950‐96 and 1960‐96 periods. Based on starting decades prior to 1960, there is not a strong tendency for either increasing or decreasing trends. The period 1910‐96 is an exception, with almost all stations exhibiting decreasing cold extreme occurrence trends. The extreme cold exceedence trends during the 1960‐96 period are also influenced by urbanization, but to a lesser degree than the warm extremes.
Joint Optimal Sensor Selection and Scheduling in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks

Spectrum sensing is key to the realization of dynamic spectrum access. To protect primary users' communications from the interference caused by secondary users, spectrum sensing must meet the strict detectability requirements set by regulatory bodies, such as the FCC. Such strict detection requirements, however, can hardly be achieved using PHY-layer sensing techniques alone with one-time sensing by only a single sensor. In this paper, we jointly exploit two MAC-layer sensing methods-cooperative sensing and sensing scheduling- to improve spectrum sensing performance, while incurring minimum sensing overhead. While these sensing methods have been studied individually, little has been done on their combinations and the resulting benefits. Specifically, we propose to construct a profile of the primary signal's RSSs and design a simple, yet near-optimal, incumbent detection rule. Based on this constructed RSS profile, we develop an algorithm to find 1) an optimal set of sensors; 2) an optimal point at which to stop scheduling additional sensing; and 3) an optimal sensing duration for one-time sensing, so as to make a tradeoff between detection performance and sensing overhead. Our evaluation results show that the proposed sensing algorithms reduce the sensing overhead by up to 65 percent, while meeting the requirements of both false-alarm and misdetection probabilities of less than 0.01.
The evolutionary dynamics of sex determination

REVIEW There is substantial cytogenetic data indicating that the process of sex determination can evolve relatively rapidly. However, recent molecular studies on the evolution of the regulatory genes that control sex determination in the insect Drosophila melanogaster, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and mammals suggest that, although certain sex determination regulatory genes have evolved relatively rapidly, other sex determination regulatory genes are quite conserved. Thus, studies of the evolution of sex determination, a process that appears to have elements that undergo substantial evolutionary change and others that may be conserved, could provide substantial insights into the kinds of forces that both drive and constrain the evolution of developmental hierarchies.
A bipolar ECL static RAM with polysilicon diode loaded memory cell using single poly technology

A 1 K*1 bipolar emitter coupled logic (ECL) static random access memory (RAM) using a polysilicon diode loaded memory cell is realised in a single poly bipolar process technology. The use of the polysilicon diode as the load element for the memory cell is made possible by the fact that its I-V characteristics exhibit an ideality factor of two. The hold voltage for the memory cell is larger than 240 mV over a wide range of cell currents with the lower bound residing in the sub- mu A range. Results show extremely stable operation against row select sensitivity. A 1.5-ns row address access time has been obtained from the test circuit. >
Relationships between Verbal and Nonverbal Fluency Measures: Implications for Assessment of Executive Functioning:

This experiment evaluated the relationship between verbal and nonverbal fluency measures commonly employed in neuropsychological assessment. Three fluency measures, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, the Design Fluency Test, and the Ruff Figural Fluency Test, were administered to a sample of 61 men and 73 women in college. Analyses indicated that scores on the Controlled Oral Word Association Test were significantly correlated with scores on the Fixed but not the Free Condition of the Design Fluency Test. Scores on the Ruff test were significantly more closely correlated with the Fixed versus the Free Condition, although they were also correlated with the total scores on the Design Fluency Test. Differential correlations are discussed in terms of the varying structure inherent in the measures of fluency and their presumed taxing of frontally mediated executive processes.
A novel tensor distribution model for the diffusion-weighted MR signal

Diffusion MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows the measurement of water molecule diffusion through tissue in vivo. The directional features of water diffusion allow one to infer the connectivity patterns prevalent in tissue and possibly track changes in this connectivity over time for various clinical applications. In this paper, we present a novel statistical model for diffusion-weighted MR signal attenuation which postulates that the water molecule diffusion can be characterized by a continuous mixture of diffusion tensors. An interesting observation is that this continuous mixture and the MR signal attenuation are related through the Laplace transform of a probability distribution over symmetric positive definite matrices. We then show that when the mixing distribution is a Wishart distribution, the resulting closed form of the Laplace transform leads to a Rigaut-type asymptotic fractal expression, which has been phenomenologically used in the past to explain the MR signal decay but never with a rigorous mathematical justification until now. Our model not only includes the traditional diffusion tensor model as a special instance in the limiting case, but also can be adjusted to describe complex tissue structure involving multiple fiber populations. Using this new model in conjunction with a spherical deconvolution approach, we present an efficient scheme for estimating the water molecule displacement probability functions on a voxel-by-voxel basis. Experimental results on both simulations and real data are presented to demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the proposed algorithms.
Chip-planning, placement, and global routing of macro/custom cell integrated circuits using simulated annealing

The algorithms and the implementation of a new macro/custom cell chip-planning, placement, and global routing package are presented. The simulated-annealing-based placement algorithm proceeds in two stages. In the first stage, the interconnect area around the individual cells is determined using a new dynamic interconnect area estimator. The second stage consists of: (1) a channel definition step, using a new channel definition algorithm, (2) a global routing step, using a new global router algorithm, and (3) a placement refinement step. This strategy has produced placements which require very little placement modification during detailed routing. Total interconnect length savings of 8 to 49 percent were achieved in experiments on 9 industrial circuits. Furthermore, circuit-area reductions ranged from 4 to 56 percent versus a variety of other placement methods.
Toxoplasmosis complications and novel therapeutic synergism combination of diclazuril plus atovaquone

Toxoplasmosis is a major cause of foodborne disease, congenital complication and morbidity. There is an urgent need for safe and effective therapies to encounter congenital and persisting toxoplasmosis. The hypothesis was: Combination Diclazuril plus Atovaquone to exert a novel therapeutic synergy to prevent toxoplasmosis syndromes. Methods. Pregnant dams were treated with Diclazuril and Atovaquone monotherapy or combination therapy and infected intraperitoneally with Toxoplasma tachyzoites (600). Results. Infected dams developed severe toxoplasmosis associated syndrome with increases in the abdominal adiposity surrounding uteri, gansterointestinal and other internal organs and excessive weight gain. Numerous organisms along with infiltration of inflammatory cells were detected scattered into adipose tissues. Combination therapy (p< 0.01) and to a lesser extent Diclazuril (p< 0.05) protected dams from inflammatory fat and excess weight gains. This was consistent with pancreatitis development in infected dams (versus normal p< 0.05) with infiltration of inflammatory cells, degeneration and necrosis of pancreatic cells followed by the degeneration and loss of islets. Combination and monotherapy protected dams from these inflammatory and pathological aspects of pancreatitis. Infected dams exhibited severe colitis, and colonic tissues significantly shortened in length. Brush border epithelial cells were replaced with infiltration of lymphocytes, granulocytes, and microabscess formations into cryptic microstructures. Combination therapy synergistically preserved colonic structure and normalized pathological damages (p< 0.001) and to a lesser degree Diclazuril monotherapy protected dams from colitis (p< 0.05) and gastrointestinal toxoplasmosis. Other complications included severe splenitis (p<0.001) and hepatitis (p<0.001) which were normalized with combination therapy. Conclusions. Combination Diclazuril plus Atovaquone was safe and with a novel therapeutic synergism
Pros and Cons of Educational Technologies as Methods for Disseminating Evidence‐Based Treatments

The article by Weingardt (this issue) proposes the adoption of instructional design technologies (IDTs) for the dissemination of empirically supported psychological therapies (ESTs). Although the use of such tools for the dissemination of ESTs clearly has multiple benefits, it is important to consider the broader implications of these approaches for clinical research and treatment. We suggest that reliance of educationally based technologies could have important consequences for the way in which the scientist-practitioner relationship is framed. Furthermore, we propose that the adoption of IDT principles raises some significant practical and conceptual concerns about the future directions of psychotherapy research and practice.
Far infrared and proton magnetic resonance spectra of BF3NH2CH3, BF3NH(CH3)2 and BF3N(CH3)3☆

Abstract The far infrared spectra (750-50 cm −1 ) of these BF 3 -amine complexes were obtained in the solid state. The vibrational assignments have been made for the low-frequency modes of BF 3 NH 2 CH 3 and BF 3 NH(CH 3 ) 2 , both of which have C s symmetry; they are compared with the published assignments of BF 3 NH 3 and BF 3 N(CH 3 ) 3 both of which have C 3 v symmetry. The effect of lowering the symmetry from C 3 v to C s is discussed. The proton magnetic resonance spectra were obtained in appropriate solvents. In BF 3 NH 2 CH 3 and BF 3 NH(CH 3 ) 2 , the methyl proton spectra are found to be coupled to the proton on the nitrogen and to the boron nucleus. In BF 3 N(CH 3 ) 3 , in addition to the boron nucleus, the methyl protons appear to be coupled to the fluorine nuclei.
Post global routing crosstalk risk estimation and reduction

Previous approaches for crosstalk synthesis often fail to achieve satisfactory results due to limited routing flexibility. Furthermore, the risk tolerance bounds partitioning problem critical for constrained optimization has not been adequately addressed. This paper presents the first approach for crosstalk risk estimation and reduction at the global (instead of detailed) routing level. It quantitatively defines and estimates the risk of each routing region using a graph-based optimization approach and globally adjusts routes of nets for risk reduction. At the end of the entire optimization process, a risk-free global routing solution is obtained together with partitions of nets' risk tolerance bounds which reflect the crosstalk situation of the chip. The proposed approach has been implemented and tested on CBL/NCSU benchmarks and the experimental results are very promising.
Language, gesture, action! A test of the Gesture as Simulated Action framework

The Gesture as Simulated Action (GSA) framework (Hostetter & Alibali, 2008) holds that representational gestures are produced when actions are simulated as part of thinking and speaking. Accordingly, speakers should gesture more when describing images with which they have specific physical experience than when describing images that are less closely tied to action. Experiment 1 supported this hypothesis by showing that speakers produced more representational gestures when describing patterns they had physically made than when describing patterns they had only viewed. Experiment 2 replicated this finding and ruled out the possibility that the effect is due to decreased opportunity for verbal rehearsal when speakers physically made the patterns. Experiment 3 ruled out the possibility that the effect in Experiments 1 and 2 was due to motor priming from making the patterns. Taken together, these experiments support the central claim of the GSA framework by suggesting that speakers gesture when they express thoughts that involve simulations of actions.
Poems from the Silva Carminvm

The poems written by Erasmus at Steyn after he had made his profession are for the most part characterized by a tone of greater piety than is to be found in his earlier work. Though purely classical in form, they are conventionally Christian in thought. The young humanist undoubtedly took his religious vows more seriously than he was willing to admit at a later date ; and his ideas at that time were probably in fair harmony with the monastic piety about him. With the exception of the verses against the „barbarians“ who opposed the study of classic letters, almost all the poems he wrote in the monastery after the year of probation dealt with moral or religious themes. Such a choice of subject was to have been expected from a monk who must please his superiors; yet, as Mestwerdt has pointed out in connection with the Epistola de Contemptu Mundi, the condemnation of the cares, passions and vices of the world expressed in these works of the conventual period probably represented the real thought of their author 1).
Deleterious role for type I interferon during acute blood stage malaria infection (MPF1P.767)

Malaria is a severe and life-threatening disease that affects over 219 million people worldwide every year. In patients, a robust induction of the type I IFN pathway is observed, yet studies in mouse models have failed to determine whether type I IFN contributes to host protection or pathogenesis. We thus hypothesized that type I IFN is essential during blood stage malaria infection. Using Plasmodium yoelii ( Py ) YM which causes an acute lethal blood infection in C57BL/6 WT mice, we found that while WT mice rapidly succumbed, mice lacking the type I IFN receptor (IFNαβR-/-) mostly survived (>80%). Innate immune cells, particularly monocytes and NK cells, underwent early and robust activation and overwhelming production of inflammatory mediators in WT mice, whereas this was prevented in IFNαβR-/- mice. We are currently investigating precisely the cellular source of type I IFN and the mechanisms that regulate the activation of type I IFN-producing cells during this infection. Our results favor a model in which type I IFN promotes over-exuberant activation of innate monocytes and NK cells, leading to overwhelming inflammation and death of Py YM -infected mice. Overall, our work highlights a novel and unsuspected role for type I IFN in this significant human parasitic disease. We believe these results contribute to our understanding of the immunological cues leading to severe disease in malaria patients.
Mucosal Lesions in an Allergy Practice

The diagnosis and treatment of mucosal disease with an allergic pathogenesis are challenging. Oral allergy is often a hypersensitivity reaction with variable symptoms and physical exam findings. Clinical diagnosis requires a history of prior allergen exposure, a delay from exposure to clinical findings, and improvement following allergen removal. The past decades have seen great contributions to the field of oral allergy. The aim of this review is to provide an approach to the diagnosis and treatment of oral dermatologic disease with a focus on diseases with an investigated allergic pathogenesis.
Beta-Adrenoceptor Autoantibodies in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Several recent studies have indicated that the density of β-adrenoceptors in cardiac membranes is decreased in patients with clinical heart failure [1–4], and that this decline selectively affects the βl-adrenoceptor subtype [2, 4]. Since β-adrenergic pathways are involved in the control of positive inotropism, loss of responsiveness to β-antagonists has important adverse effects on the performance of the failing myocardium. In addition, decline in β-receptor numbers restricts the effectiveness of β-agonists as therapeutic agents. The elucidation of the pathogenesis of β-receptor changes in heart failure, therefore, has therapeutic as well as conceptual implications.
Methotrexate Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Targeted Drug Delivery Device

Targeted drug delivery systems have been shown to be promising alternative for the conventional drug delivery methods. Among numerous nanocarriers developed for therapeutic applications, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention. Fe3O4 (magnetite) is one of the most commonly used iron oxide in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility and can be easily produced in research and industrial laboratories. The core/shell structure of magnetic nanoparticles allows the surface coating to avoid their agglomeration. Moreover, coating of Fe3O4 nanoparticles provide functional groups and consequently make the bioconjugation to the therapeutic agents. Coating magnetic nanoparticles with a biopolymer will also increase biocompatibility. Coating magnetic nanoparticles with a biopolymer will also increase biocompatibility. Chitosan can easily conjugate to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles and provide amine and hydroxyl groups for the further conjugation of the therapeutic drug. In this study, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were fabricated and were coated with chitosan via in-situ method. Prepared chitosan coated magnetic nanoparticles then were loaded with methotrexate (anti-cancer drug) through adsorption. The size and morphology of synthesized magnetic nanoparticles were evaluated using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The chemical structure of bare and chitosan coated magnetic nanoparticles was analyzed by Fourier Transforms Infrared (FTIR). Methotrexate loading efficiency of chitosan coated nanoparticles was also evaluated. Cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was also studied in-vitro. The results confirmed the surface coating with chitosan and methotrexate loading. The synthesize chitosan coated magnetic nanoparticles showed promising application for cancer treatment.© 2015 ASME
Multiservice single-stage surgery for intracardiac leiomyomatosis

Intracardiac leiomyomatosis is a rare case that is often confused with more common diseases typically right atrial myxoma. It involves tumor extension of the uterine wall tumor through the inferior vena cava (IVC) and into the right atrium. Since its discovery in 1907, very few cases have been reported. The disease is treated surgically using one of two surgical approaches: the two-stage and the single-stage approach. The following case report involves an unusual presentation of a Caucasian woman with intracardiac leiomyomatosis who underwent a successful single-stage approach with coordinated involvement from Gynecological-Oncological, Urological, Vascular, and Cardiothoracic Surgery services.
Silent NMDA receptor-mediated synapses are developmentally regulated in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord.

In vitro whole cell patch-clamp recording techniques were utilized to study silent pure–N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor–mediated synaptic responses in lamina II (substantia gelatinosa, SG) and...