The Mutter Museum, College of Physicians of Philadelphia,19 South 22nd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19303, USA.

For students and scholars inhabiting the twenty-first-century world of digital humanities, unable to go more than 30 minutes without checking their smart phones, and able to download museum apps and podcasts with ease, what possible reasons are there to visit the Mutter Museum at the College of Physicians of Philadelphia? Are its physical presentations of normal and pathological human development more interesting than what can be found online? Unquestionably yes. Is the material presented in an informative way that is easily viewed? Sometimes yes, sometimes no. The museum, reconfigured in the 1980s to resemble a nineteenth-century teaching installation of a ‘pre-bacteriological, pre-genetic conception of disease and pathology’, has both an amazing collection and cases that are brimming with objects needing further description. (For the record, this reviewer worked at the College of Physicians of Philadelphia from 1983 to 1987 and is a member of its section on Medical History.) The permanent exhibit is located on two floors. The large cases contain wax models, wet specimens of organs and body parts (both diseased and healthy), as well as skeletons and bones, instruments and unique items such as the ‘soap lady’ and skeletons of a giant and an achondroplastic dwarf. One can see diseases of the skin, fetal skeletons, Dr Chevalier Jackson’s collection of swallowed objects, Dr Joseph Hyrtl’s skull collection, wax models of diseases of the eye and a myriad of other organs and pathologies. For sheer breadth, the collection is unbeatable. And it is fascinating. We see these materials as a nineteenth-century medical student might see them. However, the printed descriptive material, including an introduction to the museum’s history and its original donor, Dr Thomas Dent Mutter, is insufficient. Museum visitors who desire to know more about the artefacts on view must turn to their cell phones. There is a free and quite detailed audio description of approximately twenty-eight items or subjects on display. Presidential history fans, for example, will learn from the recorded descriptions about such items as Grover Cleveland’s tumour and the brain of presidential assassin Charles Guiteau. The Museum website (http://www.collegeofphysicians.org/mutter-museum/) proclaims its goal to be ‘to help the public understand the mysteries and beauty of the human body while appreciating the history of diagnosis and treatment of disease’. Without a broader presentation of medical history within the exhibit cases, however, visitors without a background in medicine or medical history are more likely to be impressed by the mystery and beauty (and horror) of what they see than to gain much fundamental understanding of what they are viewing. Fortunately, the Mutter Museum is the sum of many parts. There are two temporary exhibits, both drawing from the over 20 000 items in the permanent collection. ‘Through the Weeping Glass: Reflections on the Mutter Museum by the Quay Brothers’ includes their film about the museum holdings that drew their interest. There is a small exhibit showing how early students of medicine learned about the body. Included are some photographs of the manifestations of disease and of anomalies, and also a few anatomical flap books with leaves that open to show the internal layers of the body. Johan Remmelin’s marvellous seventeenth-century Catoptrum Microcosmicum~is on display. It might lack the colour and ease of use of present-day anatomy apps, but it is a historical object that shows the care that Dr Remmelin, an Ulm physician, took in examining the body revealing its mysteries to others. This is, ultimately, the message conveyed by the museum: take time to look and stop to think what can be learned from the objects and images. This is exemplified in the stunningly beautiful exhibit ‘Bones, Books, and Bell Jars’. It showcases forty-four silver gelatin photographs of items in the collection taken by photographer and former practicing physician Andrea Baldeck. She deftly juxtaposed books with anatomical drawings, instruments and skeletal parts to create still life photographs that, in the words of the curator, fuse ‘art and medicine, recalling an era when artists and physicians collaborated to educate aspiring medical students’. There is, for example, a print showing two fetal skulls arranged with an anatomy text showing a fetus in utero. Another print displays a scoliotic spine and rib cage, a dissection kit and Vesalius’ anatomy text of a skeleton. This exhibit closes at the end of 2012 and anyone who plans to be in Philadelphia before then should make a point of seeing it. (Some of the images can be viewed here: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/andrea-baldeck/mutter-museum-photographs_b_1335927.html.) Opening in 2013 will be a new permanent exhibit: ‘Broken Bones, Suffering Spirits: Injury, Death and Healing in Civil War Philadelphia’. Seeing the artefacts of medical history in this self-described cabinet museum, visitors will encounter the human form in all its parts. They will view the tools used to explore the body as healers worked to cure or mitigate disease and defects. They will also understand what can be learned from post-mortem examinations. The Mutter Museum displays do not ask us to celebrate medical science or doctors but to understand how much practitioners learned by looking – at drawings, photographs and models as well as actual patients. The virtual world gives us access; museums give us objects. We ought not to forget the latter even as we embrace the former.