cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alemtuzumab As Therapy for Mixed Chimerism After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Fanconi Anemia (FA)

s / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 19 (2013) S233eS256 S243 unrelated donor HSCT ALL patients supports a graft vs leukemia effect translating into better outcomes.
Walk Score™ As a Global Estimate of Neighborhood Walkability

Background Walk Score recently has been demonstrated as a valid and reliable tool for estimating access to nearby facilities, a critical component of the physical activity environment. It has not yet been determined whether Walk Score relates to other critical components of the physical activity environment, including street connectivity, access to public transit, residential density, and crime. Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between Walk Score and objective/subjective measures of the physical activity environment. Methods Walk Scores were calculated for residential addresses of 296 participants of two RCTs (2006–2009). Street connectivity, residential density, access to public transit provisions, and crime were objectively measured (GIS) and cross-referenced with Walk Scores and participant's perceptions of the environment (e.g., perceived crime, access to physical activity facilities, perceived neighborhood walkability). Pairwise Pearson correlations were calculated in March 2010 to compare Walk Score to subjective/objective measures of neighborhood walkability. Results Significant positive correlations were identified between Walk Score and several objective (e.g., street connectivity, residential density and access to public transit provisions) and subjective (e.g., summed score of the physical activity environment) measures of the physical activity environment. However, positive correlations also were observed between Walk Score and crime. Conclusions Collectively, these findings support Walk Score as a free, easy-to-use, and quick proxy of neighborhood density and access to nearby amenities. However, positive associations between Walk Score and reported crime highlight a limitation of Walk Score and warrant caution of its use.
Spacecraft Availability Enhancement by In-flight Testing of Spare Parts

This paper describes an approach to improve availability by testing redundant parts at pre-determined intervals. The purpose of the testing is to detect nonfunctional back-up equipment and develop work-around measures or replacement spacecraft before a failure of the primary equipment reduces availability. The work reported here is an outgrowth of the NASA Space Network's program for the maintenance and replenishment of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System. The approach is based on a standby factor and a cyclic stress factor. The standby factor accounts for the effects of adverse storage conditions encountered as part of the in-flight environment. The stress factor accounts for the effects of physical or thermal cycling due to the application of force or power that characterizes the operation or use of a component. By the quantitative consideration of standby and cycling risks, a regular testing interval can be calculated - an interval for testing that furnishes information for availability planning but does not subject the spacecraft to undue risk. This paper includes quantitative solutions for appropriate testing intervals for equipment configurations and failure rates that are representative of a Tracking and Relay Data Satellite. The effect of a single test on the availability of certain equipment is also illustrated.
Working Men and Ganja: Marihuana Use In Rural Jamaica

(1984). Working Men and Ganja: Marihuana Use In Rural Jamaica. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 363-365.
The Microstructure of TATB‐Based Explosive Formulations During Temperature Cycling Using Ultra‐Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering

TATB (1,3,5 triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene), an extremely insensitive explosive, is used both in polymer-bound explosives (PBXs) and as an ultra-fine pressed powder (UFTATB). Many TATB-based explosives, including LX-17, a mixture of TATB and Kel-F 800 binder, experience an irreversible expansion with temperature cycling known as ratchet growth. Additional voids, with sizes hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers, account for much of the volume expansion. Measuring these voids is important feedback for hot-spot theory and for determining the relationship between void size distributions and detonation properties. Also, understanding mechanisms for ratchet growth allows future choice of explosive/binder mixtures to minimize these types of changes, further extending PBX shelf life. This paper presents the void size distributions of LX-17, UFTATB, and PBXs using commercially available Cytop M, Cytop A, and Hyflon AD60 binders during temperature cycling between −55 and 70 °C. These void size distributions are derived from ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS), a technique sensitive to structures from about 2 nm to about 2 μm. Structures with these sizes do not appreciably change in UFTATB. Compared to TATB/Kel-F 800, Cytop M and Cytop A show relatively small increases in void volume from 0.9 to 1.3% and 0.6 to 1.1%, respectively, while Hyflon fails to prevent irreversible volume expansion (1.2–4.6%). Computational mesoscale models combined with experimental results indicate both high glass transition temperature as well as TATB binder adhesion and wetting are important to minimize ratchet growth.
Signal-averaged P-wave ECG discriminates between persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (Afib) has been associated with abnormal signal-averaged P wave (SAPW) parameters but whether SAPW is associated with the time course of these arrhythmias (persistent vs. paroxysmal, frequent vs. rare episodes) remains unknown. This article assesses the significance of SAPW duration in distinguishing patients with paroxysmal from those with persistent Afib. SAPW electrocardiogram was performed with a "double triggering" software system for acquisition and analysis of data. SAPW total duration (TD), X, Y, and Z leads magnitudes and vector signal magnitudes were measured offline. Optimal cutoff value between control and patient groups was determined by using a receiver operator characteristic curve. Data were analyzed to compare controls with patients groups and between patient groups according to time course of the arrhythmic history. Fifteen age-matched patients without a history of Afib and 55 patients with a history of Afib (33 with paroxysmal and 22 with persistent arrhythmia) were studied off antiarrhythmic drugs. Patients with history of persistent arrhythmia were studied within 2 days after electrical cardioversion to sinus rhythm. SAPW TD was the only parameter consistently associated with Afib. SAPW TD was 98 +/- 6 ms (mean +/- SD) in the control group, 127 +/- 19 ms in the pooled patients group (P =.0001); 122 +/- 20 ms for paroxysmal and 133 +/- 17 ms for the persistent Afib group (P =.04). Analysis of other SAPW parameters were not statistically significant. SAPW duration is a simple method to identify patients with history of Afib. A significantly longer SAPW TD characterizes patients with a history of persistent as opposed to paroxysmal Afib. Prolongation of SAPW TD possibly reflects more advanced electrophysiological changes, creating a more stable substrate that leads to persistence of the arrhythmia.
Building a team to fight diabetes: Pharmacy students’ perceptions about serving as patient navigators

Abstract To describe pharmacy students' changes in self-perceptions during a program that introduces them to working as a "patient navigator" with patients who have diabetes. Pharmacy students were trained during their Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) as part of a continuing study of patients in an urban clinic. The interdisciplinary program combines hands-on experience in primary care with behavioral knowledge including cultural competency. Training by pharmacy and social science faculty included the use of lectures, video, and role-playing. These applied clinical education, motivational interviewing, and a well-tested behavioral model of health beliefs. The students then observed and held direct, supervised interactions with patients. To assess their experience, students completed surveys at the beginning and end of the five-week rotations. This article discusses responses from 34 students (2009–2012) and compares changes in students' perceptions after the experience. Students' self-perceptions of their knowledge or abilities in four areas of patient self-management were significantly more positive upon completion: providing diabetes education, setting self-management goals, identifying barriers to treatment, and understanding patients' health beliefs and attitudes. Students felt that the experience was useful for their professional development and future practice. Exposing students to skills as patient navigators can have a positive effect on their confidence about assisting with diabetes management. Hands-on application of behavioral techniques and cultural competence within a primary care-based APPE can provide a promising learning experience. This is meaningful for today's pharmacists, who will function in a multicultural environment, in which diabetes has a powerful effect on public health.
Quantized hall effect in single quantum wells of InAs

Abstract We report magnetotransport measurements, down to 0.55 K and up to 28 T, on GaSb-InAs-GaSb heterostructures. At moderate and high fields, the magnetoresistance vanishes and the Hall resistance shows plateaus at values of h ie 2 when i ( i = 1, 2, 3, …) magnetic levels are fully occupied. In addition, in high mobility samples, new features appear, the most prominent being a plateau at i = 5 2 . The characteristics of these features are different from those observed in GaAs-GaAlAs at fractional occupation numbers, suggesting that they are likely related to the presence of holes in this system.
The separation of iridium and ruthenium by ion flotation

Abstract Mixtures of iridium(IV) and ruthenium(III) as IrCl 2− 6 and RuCl t— 6 are separated by ion flotation. Iridium (IV) is selectively floated from mixtures of the metal complexes in aqueous 1.0 M hydrochloric acid with hexadecylpyridinium bromide (HPB) and nitrogen. Ruthenium(III) does not float under the same conditions. In order to assess the usefulness of this procedure, the separation was also investigated with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and hexadecyltripropylammonium bromide, from solutions of varying concentrations of sodium chloride, sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid. Under optimal conditions at the 5 × 10 −5 M level, 78% of the iridium is recovered free of ruthenium, provided that excess of HPB and > 1 M chloride are present.
Monitoring of Thermal Energy Distribution in Abrasive Waterjet Cutting Using Infrared Thermography

Thermal energy distribution in the workpiece cut with abrasive waterjet (AWJ) is analyzed using the technique of infrared thermography through isotherms and linescans. Variation in workpiece temperature with thermal conductivity and cutting conditions is studied. The feasibility of visualization of AWJ cutting mechanisms in opaque materials using infrared thermography is investigated. A novel technique of AWJ nozzle wear monitoring through infrared thermography is proposed. A comparative study of infrared thermography results with the readings of thermocouples and the two-dimensional moving line heat source model show a close correspondence indicating that infrared thermography is a good technique for the above application.
Dietary calcium supplementation enhances efficacy but also toxicity of EGFR inhibitor therapy for colon cancer.

The inverse correlation between levels of dietary calcium and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has been extensively investigated. However, the impact of supplemental calcium on cancer therapy remains unknown. We used four models of CRC, Caco-2 and HCT116 human cancer cell lines and ApcMin/+ and azoxymethane carcinogen-induced mouse models, to investigate the impact of a Western-style diet low in calcium (0.05%) vs. a similar diet but supplemented with calcium (5%) on therapeutic targeting of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We found that calcium supplementation combined with pharmacologic blockade of EGFR results in an additive effect on tumor growth inhibition in all models. Unexpectedly, the combined use of dietary calcium supplementation and EGFR inhibitors also resulted in elevated toxicity suggesting that careful consideration be given when combining dietary supplements with prescribed cancer therapies.
Recovery of proteins and other biological compounds using fibrous materials: I. Adsorption by salt addition

An adsorption and filtration process for the recovery of proteins and other biological compounds from aqueous streams has been developed, using cellulose-based fibrous materials. Of the many cellulose derivatives studied, cellulose acetate fibrets (CAF) and cellulose triacetate fibrets (CTF) have been shown to be the most effective. In the presence of salts, they lead to protein adsorption by hydrophobic interactions. Model proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), have been recovered by incubating these solutions with CTF in the presence of ammonium sulfate, followed by filtration through a 20 µm pore size filter. The amount of salt necessary varies with the protein type, but decreases with increasing temperature and protein concentration. High protein recovery has been obtained from an actual wastewater system at low salt dosages. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Acyl CoA Binding Proteins are Required for Cuticle Formation and Plant Responses to Microbes

Fatty acids (FA) and lipids are well known regulators of plant defense. Our previous studies have shown that components of prokaryotic (plastidal) FA biosynthesis pathway regulate various aspects of plant defense. Here, we investigated the defense related roles of the soluble acyl CoA binding proteins (ACBP), which are thought to facilitate the intracellular transport of FA/lipids. We show that ACBP3 and 4 are required for maintaining normal lipids levels and that ACBP3 contributes to the lipid flux between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathways. We also show that loss of ACBP 3, 4, or 6 impair normal development of the cuticle and affect both basal and resistance protein-mediated defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Loss of ACBP3, 4, or 6 also inhibits the induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) due to the plants inability to generate SAR inducing signal(s). Together, these data show that ACBP3, ACBP4 and ACBP6 are required for cuticle development as well as defense against microbial pathogens.
Passive Leadership Is Unlikely Among Hospitality Managers With High-Level Youth Sports Participation

Undergraduate hospitality students enter the workforce expected to embody proactive leadership styles needed to manage high turnover or advanced technology systems. This study examined the impact of low and high youth sports participation on effective leadership styles. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) 5X short-form instrument was utilized to examine leadership styles among a group of undergraduate students consisting of a random sample of 170 students from 2 midwestern institutions. A chi-square test found a significant difference between low and high youth sports participation in regard to effective leadership styles. A logistic regression analysis determined that undergraduate hospitality students with high youth sport experiences were less likely to exhibit passive leadership.
Identification of a novel gp130-responsive site in the vasoactive intestinal peptide cytokine response element.

The neuropoietic cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) potently induces transcription of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) gene through a 180-base pair (bp) cytokine response element (CyRE) in the VIP promoter. We have previously shown that CNTF induction of STAT and AP-1 protein binding within the CyRE is necessary to mediate CNTF induction of VIP gene transcription. We now show that a third, previously uncharacterized site at the 3′-end of the CyRE is also critical to CNTF induction of CyRE transcription. A 4-bp mutation in this 3′-region reduced CNTF-mediated induction of transcription ∼80%. Whereas mutations in both the STAT and AP-1 sites substantially reduced CNTF induction of transcription, mutations in these sites together with the novel 3′-site completely abolished the ability of CNTF to induce CyRE-mediated transcription. Gel shift analysis indicated that a complex in neuroblastoma cells bound specifically to this 3′-site. This complex was not altered by CNTF treatment. Mutations in an 8-bp sequence (TTACTGGA) eliminated binding of this protein complex and markedly reduced transcriptional activation of the CyRE by CNTF. Thus, we have identified a protein complex binding to a novel DNA sequence that is necessary for full CNTF induction of VIP gene transcription.
Dynamical networks with on-off stochastic connections: Beyond fast switching

We consider networks whose topology changes in time according to a stochastic rule. While the literature gives insight into the effects of fast stochastic connections, little is known about the effects of slower switching on the evolution of a network. We review recent analytical results on convergence properties of fast switching dynamical networks, including bounds on the probability of converging towards an attractor of a multistable network. We also discuss the advantages of slower switching over fast switching, and consider an example in which slow switching provides opportunities for network synchronization while fast switching does not. It is shown that there is an optimal window in which the switching frequency causes an unstable system to stabilize.
Ribosome Profiling Shows That miR-430 Reduces Translation Before Causing mRNA Decay in Zebrafish

MicroRNAs regulate gene expression through deadenylation, repression, and messenger RNA (mRNA) decay. However, the contribution of each mechanism in non-steady-state situations remains unclear. We monitored the impact of miR-430 on ribosome occupancy of endogenous mRNAs in wild-type and dicer mutant zebrafish embryos and found that miR-430 reduces the number of ribosomes on target mRNAs before causing mRNA decay. Translational repression occurs before complete deadenylation, and disrupting deadenylation with use of an internal polyadenylate tail did not block target repression. Lastly, we observed that ribosome density along the length of the message remains constant, suggesting that translational repression occurs by reducing the rate of initiation rather than affecting elongation or causing ribosomal drop-off. These results show that miR-430 regulates translation initiation before inducing mRNA decay during zebrafish development.
Maternal caloric restriction partially rescues the deleterious effects of advanced maternal age on offspring

While many studies have focused on the detrimental effects of advanced maternal age and harmful prenatal environments on progeny, little is known about the role of beneficial non-Mendelian maternal inheritance on aging. Here, we report the effects of maternal age and maternal caloric restriction (CR) on the life span and health span of offspring for a clonal culture of the monogonont rotifer Brachionus manjavacas. Mothers on regimens of chronic CR (CCR) or intermittent fasting (IF) had increased life span compared with mothers fed ad libitum (AL). With increasing maternal age, life span and fecundity of female offspring of AL-fed mothers decreased significantly and life span of male offspring was unchanged, whereas body size of both male and female offspring increased. Maternal CR partially rescued these effects, increasing the mean life span of AL-fed female offspring but not male offspring and increasing the fecundity of AL-fed female offspring compared with offspring of mothers of the same age. Both maternal CR regimens decreased male offspring body size, but only maternal IF decreased body size of female offspring, whereas maternal CCR caused a slight increase. Understanding the genetic and biochemical basis of these different maternal effects on aging may guide effective interventions to improve health span and life span.
The Ethics of Memory: Commemorating Disasters in an Age of Risk

While technological disasters have become common to contemporary society, little attention has been paid to the relationship between memory and risk society. By analyzing a commemoration marking the fortieth anniversary of the 1972 Buffalo Creek, West Virginia coal impoundment failure, this article argues that these types of commemoration serve as a resource for a collective identity of advocacy, an identity, however, constituted by fear and distrust. As a form of deliberative rhetoric, a disaster commemoration may also generate a vision of the future and establish the inexpediency of certain modern industrial practices and products. While the generation of public fear raises ethical issues, the creation of such an emotional state serves as a means of political advocacy and collective public action.
Decomposition of combustion noise scaling rules by direct flame photography

Abstract In order to estimate the scaling rules for combustion noise, a turbulence autocorrelation function of the reaction rate must be estimated. This depends in part upon the active reaction volume in a turbulent flame. This volume may be measured by direct flame photography centering on the radiation of an active radical in the reaction zone. The paper describes experiments on fuel-lean propane, propylene, and ethylene-air turbulent open premixed flames with burners of 0.4″–0.96″ diameter and velocities to 600 fps. The flame volume is measured from photographs of the flame centered on the CH emission. The volume is correlated to the flow velocity, burner diameter, laminar flame speed and fuel mass fraction in the form of a power law by a regression technique. The scaling rule obtained from experiments is shown to follow the law V∝UD 3 F 3 S L . The scaling laws generated are compared with estimates previously drawn from Strahle's theory of combustion noise. Implications concerning the turbulence structure in the reaction zone are drawn from the correlations.
Spectroscopic and two-photon upconversion studies of Ho3+-doped Lu3Al5O12

Abstract A detailed spectroscopic investigation of Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 doped with Ho 3+ has been performed. Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters are estimated as Ω 2 =0.172±0.10×10 −20 cm 2 , Ω 4 =2.08±0.18×10 −20 cm 2 , and Ω 6 =1.92±0.11×10 −20 cm 2 . Transition probabilities and lifetimes were also estimated. Experimentally, we found that Ho 3+ ion occupies more than one type of site in the lattice. Energy upconversion studies were performed under different laser excitation conditions.
Assessing variations of the thought-listing technique: Effects of instructions, stimulus intensity, stimulus modality, and scoring procedures

The effects of variations in procedures for the administration of the thought-listing technique were examined. Test-anxious subjects imagined themselves in test-taking situations of increasing stressfulness and participated in similarly designed behavioral test-taking tasks. Subjects were requested to list the self-statements that occurred to them after each stimulus, recording either all thoughts (general instructions) or only those specific thoughts that reflected what they were thinking and feeling in response to each stimulus (focused instructions). Anxiety elicited by each stimulus was also assessed, and the utility of scoring variations was examined. Behavioral test-taking stimuli failed to produce expected differences in stressfulness. However, in response to increasingly stressful imaginal stimuli, subjects reported more frequent negative self-statements and less frequent positive self-statements. Also, as stimulus intensity increased, the number of thoughts listed by subjects receiving focused instructions decreased. Frequency counts of specific thought categories and a scoring procedure incorporating ratings of thought salience produced nearly identical patterns of cognitive response. Limitations of the study are discussed, and implications of the results for the conduct of cognitive assessment are examined.
Incorporation of Flow Pattern Phenomena Into the Study of Advanced Micro Cooling Modules

The need for high-performance thermal protection and fluid management techniques for systems ranging from cryogenic reactant storage devices to primary structures and propulsion systems exposed to extreme high temperatures, and other space systems such as cooling or environmental control for advanced space suits and integrated electronic circuits, requires an effective cooling system to accommodate the compact nature and high heat fluxes associated with these applications. A two-phase forced-convection, phase-transition system can accommodate such requirements through the use of the concept of Advanced Micro Cooling Modules (AMCMs), which are essentially compact two-phase heat exchangers constructed of microchannels and designed to remove large amounts of heat rapidly from critical systems by incorporating phase transition. Realizing the significance of research in this area, this paper presents the results of experimental research on two-phase flow in microchannels with verification and identification of data using concomitant measurement systems, where based on the experimental research conducted on air-water mixture flows in the entire range of concentration and flow patterns in a horizontal square microchannel, a mathematical model based on in situ parameters is developed and presented, which describes pressure losses in two-phase flow incorporating flow pattern phenomena. Validation of the model is accomplished. A hypothetical model for the two-phase heat transfer coefficient is also presented, which incorporates the flow patterns through the use of a flow pattern coefficient.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Elements in the pathophysiology of diminished growth hormone (GH) secretion in aging humans

Remarkable decreases in growth hormone (GH) secretion accompany healthy aging. The pathophysiology of this hyposomatotropism is confounded by concurrent changes in body composition (with increased visceral fat), physiological declines in estrogen and androgen concentrations, differences in gender responses to aging, and alterations not only in the quantity of GH secreted, but also (as more recently evident) in the orderliness or regularity of the GH release process (e.g., as assessed by approximate entropy). In addition, physical fitness or aerobic capacity also positively modulates GH secretion. Lastly, confounding variables such as altered sleep patterns and nutritional state may contribute to overall regulation of the GH axis in aging. Despite confounding variables, available human experiments suggest partial growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) deficiency in healthy older individuals, presumptively combined with somatostatin excess, and disruption of the moment-to-moment pattern of coordinated and orderly GH release. Here, the authors review these selected facets of recent experimental evaluation of the human GH insulin-like growth factor-I (GH-IGF-1) feedback axis in aging humans.
Theory of interband tunneling in crystals with impurities

Abstract A general theory is presented for the intraband and interband processes of electrons in a crystal with static impurities in a strong electric field. The interband tunneling processes, both the impurity-assisted and the Zener tunneling (and its modification by the impurities), are examined in detail. For the case of tunneling from a fully occupied band, the dependence of the tunneling rate on the electric field is shown in both cases to exhibit a steady term and some oscillatory terms, in agreement with recent experimental findings.
From interlibrary lending to document delivery: The British library document supply centre

Abstract The British Library Document Supply Centre, the forerunner of document delivery entities, may be the world's largest source of information in every field of scientific, technical, medical, and human knowledge. This article gives a brief historical account of lending services in Britain and describes the development, current state, and future plans of the Document Supply Centre.
Effects of confinement and electron transport on magnetic switching in single Co nanoparticles

This work reports the first study of current-driven magnetization noise in a single, nanometerscale, ferromagnetic (Co) particle, attached to normal metal leads by high-resistance tunneling junctions. As the tunnel current increases at low temperature, the magnetic switching field decreases, its probability distribution widens, while the temperature of the environment remains nearly constant. These observations demonstrate nonequilibrium magnetization noise. A classical model of the noise is provided, where the spin-orbit interaction plays a central role in driving magnetic tunneling transitions.
Effects of TiN Deposition on the Characteristics of W / TiN / SiO2 / Si Metal Oxide Semiconductor Capacitors

We report the effects of the TiN deposition technique on the generation and annihilation of interface traps and oxide trapped charges in W/TiN/SiO 2 (2-6 nm)/Si metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) system during direct metal gate process. The TiN films were prepared by reactive sputtering using the Ti target or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using TiCl 4 and NH 3 . Sputter-deposited TiN not only generated a high level of interface traps ∼2 X 10 12 eV -1 cm 2 from the bandedge to the near midgap of Si, hut also introduced oxide trapped charges (Q ol ) of ∼ 1 × 10 12 cm 2 . The damages annealed out for SiO 2 (≥3 nm) to the range of 2-3 X 10 11 eV -1 cm 2 by the post-metal anneal (PMA) at 800°C in N 2 or at 450°C in forming gas. The interfacial damages for ultrathin SiO 2 (∼ 2 nm), however, were hardly capable of relieving even after the PMA of 800°C, resulting in an interface trap density (D it ) in the high 10 11 eV -1 cm -2 range. The D it level created after CVD-TiN was as low as ∼3 × 10 11 eV -1 cm -2 with negligible Q ol even without PMA, and this level was further reduced to ∼1 X 10 11 eV -1 cm after PMA. We observed a noticeable increase of the capacitance equivalent thickness when prepared with CVD-TiN plausibly due to Cl from the source gas.
Does the "gateway" sequence increase prediction of cannabis use disorder development beyond deviant socialization? Implications for prevention practice and policy.

Background This study was conducted to test whether non-normative socialization mediates the association between transmissible risk measured in childhood and cannabis use disorder manifested by young adulthood, and whether the sequence of drug use initiation (“gateway”, i.e., consuming legal drugs before cannabis, or the reverse) increases accuracy of prediction of cannabis use disorder.
Genetic/metabolic health care delivery during and after hurricanes Katrina and Rita

Provision of health care to patients during and after events like those which occurred in association with hurricanes Katrina and Rita poses particular difficulties for rare disease patients, including those with genetic/metabolic diseases. In this summary, we recount the obstacles encountered in attempting to maintain and restore essential medical care to these patients, and offer proposals which may mitigate future such events.
THE PLASTOCHRON INDEX

IN DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES one can usually re. late only the simplest aspects of the developing organism or organ to time directly. For instance, if one were studying a developing leaf, one could measure its length or width on successive days without injuring it, but many kinds of studv which one might wish to make are destructive. Even such a simple measurement as its dry weight cannot be obtained without killing it, and one obviously cannot cut microtome sections of the same leaf more than once. This circumstance applies to almost any study of growth and development, and one must deal with parallel specimens or samples, each of which is sacrificed at a given time to provide the required data. Whether the data are obtained by histological examination, chemical analysis, metabolic study, or other means, they must be related to time if they are to have meaning in developmental terms. In many cases, plotting the observations directly against the chronological age of the plants is of limited value. Unless one is working with genetically uniform plants under exactly controlled conditions, variability may be so great that plants of the same chronological age may have reached quite different stages of development, while plants which are morphologically similar may be of qu:ite different chronological ages. Under these conditions, significant relationships may be obscured, even when the statistical precautions of taking large samples and randomizing the error are observed. These difficulties can often be minimized by using a numerical index of the developmental status of each specimen and relating the observations to time indirectly by way of the index. This developmental index should be based upon measurements of the plant which can be made easily and without injury, and its relationship to time should be worked out by appropriate growth studies. Observational data can then be plotted against the developmental index of each plant used, and the resulting graphs interpreted, on the basis of the growth studies, as a plot of the data in question against time. The advantages of this procedure are illustrated by studies of developing flower buds and anthers of Lilium (Erickson, 1947, 1948; Ogur et al., 1951). The logarithm of length of the flower bud was shown to be linearly related to time, and
The Interaction between Hot and Cold Gas in Early-Type Galaxies

SO and Sa galaxies have approximately equal masses of H I and X-ray emitting gas and are ideal sites for studying the interaction between hot and cold gas. An X-ray observation of the Sa galaxy NGC 1291 with the ROSAT position sensitive proportional counter (PSPC) shows a striking spatial anticorrelation between hot and cold gas where X-ray emitting material fills the large central black hole in the H I disk. This supports a previous suggestion that hot gas is a bulge phenomenon and neutral hydrogen is a disk phenomenon. The X-ray luminosity (1.5 x 10(exp 40) ergs/s) and radial surface brightness distribution (beta = 0.51) is the same as for elliptical galaxies with optical luminosities and velocity dispersions like that of the bulge of NGC 1291. Modeling of the X-ray spectrum requires a component with a temperature of 0.15 keV, similar to that expected from the velocity dispersion of the stars, and with a hotter component where kT = 1.07 keV. This hotter component is not due to emission from stars and its origin remains unclear. PSPC observations are reported for the SO NGC 4203, where a nuclear point source dominates the emission, preventing a study of the radial distribution of the hot gas relative to the H I.
Finite-volume WENO scheme for viscous compressible multicomponent flows

We develop a shock- and interface-capturing numerical method that is suitable for the simulation of multicomponent flows governed by the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical method is high-order accurate in smooth regions of the flow, discretely conserves the mass of each component, as well as the total momentum and energy, and is oscillation-free, i.e. it does not introduce spurious oscillations at the locations of shockwaves and/or material interfaces. The method is of Godunov-type and utilizes a fifth-order, finite-volume, weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme for the spatial reconstruction and a Harten-Lax-van Leer contact (HLLC) approximate Riemann solver to upwind the fluxes. A third-order total variation diminishing (TVD) Runge-Kutta (RK) algorithm is employed to march the solution in time. The derivation is generalized to three dimensions and nonuniform Cartesian grids. A two-point, fourth-order, Gaussian quadrature rule is utilized to build the spatial averages of the reconstructed variables inside the cells, as well as at cell boundaries. The algorithm is therefore fourth-order accurate in space and third-order accurate in time in smooth regions of the flow. We corroborate the properties of our numerical method by considering several challenging one-, two- and three-dimensional test cases, the most complex of which is the asymmetric collapse of an air bubble submerged in a cylindrical water cavity that is embedded in 10% gelatin.
The relationship of language and emotion regulation skills to reticence in children with specific language impairment.

This study examined the relationship between emotion regulation, language ability, and reticent behavior in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and their typical peers. Participants included 43 children with SLI and 43 typically developing children, for a total sample of 86 participants. Children were selected from 2 age ranges: 5–8 years and 9–12 years. The Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC; A. Shields & D. Cicchetti, 1997, 1998) and the Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (TBRS; C. H. Hart & C. C. Robinson, 1996) were completed by each child’s teacher to provide measures of emotion regulation and reticence, respectively. The Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (CASL; E. Carrow-Woodfolk, 1999) was administered to provide a measure of language ability. A regression analysis including all participants indicated that the emotion regulation scores and the CASL scores were significant predictors of the reticence scores, accounting for 43% of the variance. Group-specific analyses were then condu...
Incommensurate structure of the phase Zr3Rh4

Abstract The crystallographic structure of the phase Zr3Rh4 has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the phase has a basic rhombohedral lattice which is modulated by an incommensurate wave. The basic structure is isomorphous with a structure of the Pu3Pd4-type.
Directed Self-Assembly of Silicon-Containing Block Copolymer Thin Films

The directed self-assembly (DSA) of lamella-forming poly(styrene-block-trimethylsilylstyrene) (PS–PTMSS, L0 = 22 nm) was achieved using a combination of tailored top interfaces and lithographically defined patterned substrates. Chemo- and grapho-epitaxy, using hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) based prepatterns, achieved density multiplications up to 6× and trench space subdivisions up to 7×, respectively. These results establish the compatibility of DSA techniques with a high etch contrast, Si-containing BCP that requires a top coat neutral layer to enable orientation.
Overcoming doping bottleneck by using surfactant and strain

Overcoming the doping bottleneck in semiconductors, especially in wide band gap semiconductors, has been a challenge in semiconductor physics for many years. In this paper, we review some recent progresses in enhancing doping by surfactant and strain. We show that surfactant and strain are two effective approaches to enhance dopant solubility in epitaxial growth. The surfactant can introduce an energy level deep inside the band gap, making the host compound less stable, thus lower the formation energy of the intentional dopant. The strain enhanced doping is based on the observation that dopant induces volume change in the host. If the external strain is in the same direction as the dopant induced volume change, the formation energy of the dopant is reduced. This effect can be used to tune doping sites, thus doping type, in a host. A hybrid method to both include strain and surfactant is proposed, which can be a promising general method to further enhance doping.
Modeling the radiance of the moon for on-orbit calibration

The RObotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) project has developed radiometric models of the Moon for disk-integrated irradiance and spatially resolved radiance. Although the brightness of the Moon varies spatially and with complex dependencies upon illumination and viewing geometry, the surface photometric properties are extremely stable, and therefore potentially knowable to high accuracy. The ROLO project has acquired 5+ years of spatially resolved lunar images in 23 VNIR and 9 SWIR filter bands at phase angles up to 90°. These images are calibrated to exoatmospheric radiance using nightly stellar observations in a band-coupled extinction algorithm and a radiometric scale based upon observations of the star Vega. An effort is currently underway to establish an absolute scale with direct traceability to NIST radiometric standards. The ROLO radiance model performs linear fitting of the spatially resolved lunar image data on an individual pixel basis. The results are radiance images directly comparable to spacecraft observations of the Moon. Model-generated radiance images have been produced for the ASTER lunar view conducted on 14 April 2003. The radiance model is still experimental -- simplified photometric functions have been used, and initial results show evidence of computational instabilities, particularly at the lunar poles. The ROLO lunar image dataset is unique and extensive and presents opportunities for development of novel approaches to lunar photometric modeling.
Zinc and reproduction: an update

Abstract Female. Because poor maternal Zn status adversely affects pregnancy in animals, a number of investigators have tried to determine whether poor maternal Zn status in humans is related to low birthweight and complications of pregnancy. Marginal Zn status may be related to low brithweight, but there is no clearcut relation to pregnancy complications. Zn intake averages 9–10 mg/day in pregnant women, less than the RDA. Although the consensus is that serum Zn concentration is less in pregnant than non-pregnant women, there is less agreement on the extent and timing of the decrease. Poor matneral Zn status has a limited effect on placental Zn concentration but does reduce fetal Zn concentration in experimental animals. Changes in serum Zn concentration due to catabolism of maternal tissue affects teratogenicity of Zn deficiency in the rat. Appearance of Mt and Mt mRNA in rodent ovary, uterus, and placenta suggests a role for this protein in growth and differentiation. Predicting whether poor maternal Zn status might result in pregnancy complications in humans is difficult because of the differing effects of Zn deficiency on pregnancy in different species. Male. Although male reproductive organs and secretions contain high levels of Zn, fertility does not appear to be directly related to Zn concentrations. In rat and mouse testes Mt is present in cells with differentiating sperm but not mature sperm. Angiotensin-converting enzyme and testosterone are reduced in testes of Zn-deficient rats.
Charismatic and eloquent instructor avatars with scriptable gesture

Almost a century ago, Edward Sapir noted that we "respond to gestures with an extreme alertness" according to "an elaborate and secret code that is written nowhere, known to none, and understood by all". Here are our vision and initial results towards breaking the code of effective instructor gestures in education.
Quantifying the long-term impact of Zidovudine and other anti-HIV therapies on the survivability of those with clinical AIDS

Objective: To determine the long-term behavior of the clinical AIDS survivability curve for a cohort undergoing anti-HIV therapy and for a comparison cohort undergoing no such therapy. Results: Zidovudine therapy is shown to increase the average longevity of a cohort with clinical AIDS a maximum of 5.7 months. Not only does zidovudine eventually fail to prevent death, evidence is presented that suggests that long-term use of the drug may be counterproductive and actually decrease survivability. The analysis herein suggests that to maximize longevity in those with clinical AIDS, zidovudine therapy should be administered for a short period (on the order of several months or less) and then ended. Conclusions: The usual practice in controlled anti-HIV drug trials of prematurely ending the experiment as soon as the drug is shown to significantly increase survivability in those with AIDS is shown to be a mistake. Anti-HIV drugs typically have a negative impact on the immune system, and long-term use of these drugs can actually shorten survivability rather than prolong it. Evidence is presented showing that short-term zidovudine therapy increases longevity in those with AIDS, but long-term continuation of the therapy may actually shorten it.
Clinical and genetic aspects of Conradi-Hünermann disease

Most reported cases of Conradi-Hunermann disease are said to be sporadic. The diagnostic radiographic features present in early life tend to disappear with age. Skeletal deformities may persist but are not adequate for diagnosis. It is critical that the examiner look for nonskeletal manifestations of the disease, particularly eye and skin changes, in parents and relatives before assuming that the proband represents a sporadic case. Some of the sporadic cases may also be accounted for by the existence of environmental phenocopies. The proband's mother in the family described in this paper was recognized as a carrier of the gene only after careful eye and skin examination. This observation was particularly important because she was pregnant at the time. Her 16-week-old fetus is the earliest documented example of the disease. Autosomal dominant mode of inheritance is suggested by the familial cases, but the variability of expression could be the result of either genetic or clinical heterogeneity. Sex-influenced factors may account for the different severity of the disease in the two sexes.
Voltage prediction using a Cellular Network

Better identification tools are needed for power system voltage profile prediction. The power systems of the future will see an increase in both renewable energy sources and load demand increasing the need for quick estimation of bus voltages and line power flows for system security and contingency analysis. A Cellular Simultaneous Recurrent Neural Network (CSRN) to identify and predict bus voltage dynamics is presented in this paper. The benefit of using a cellular structure over traditional neural network architectures is that the network can represent a direct mapping of any power system allowing for easier scalability to large power systems. A comparison with a standard single SRN is provided to show the advantages of this cellular method. Two types of disturbance are evaluated including perturbations on the power system generators and on the least stable loads. The method is also evaluated for a case involving a transmission line outage.