cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relative contribution of local habitat and landscape context to metapopulation processes: a dynamic occupancy modeling approach

Changes in site occupancy across habitat patches have often been attributed to landscape features in fragmented systems, particularly when considering metapopulations. However, failure to include habitat quality of individual patches can mask the relative importance of local scale features in determining distributional changes. We employed dynamic occupancy modeling to compare the strength of local habitat variables and metrics of landscape patterns as drivers of metapopulation dynamics for a vulnerable, high-elevation species in a naturally fragmented landscape. Repeat surveys of Bicknell ’ s thrush Catharus bicknelli presence/non-detection were conducted at 88 sites across Vermont, USA in 2006 and 2007. We used an organism-based approach, such that at each site we measured important local-scale habitat characteristics and quantifi ed landscape-scale features using a predictive habitat model for this species. We performed a principal component analysis on both the local and landscape features to reduce dimensionality. We estimated site occupancy, colonization, and extinction probabilities while accounting for imperfect detection. Univariate, additive, and interaction models of local habitat and landscape context were ranked using AICc scores. Both local and landscape scales were important in determining changes in occupancy patterns. An interaction between scales was detected for occupancy dynamics indicating that the relationship of the parameters to local-scale habitat conditions can change depending on the landscape context and vice versa. An increase in both landscape- and local-scale habitat quality increased occupancy and colonization probability while decreasing extinction risk. Colonization and extinction were both more strongly infl uenced by local habitat quality relative to landscape patterns. We also identifi ed clear, qualitative thresholds for landscape-scale features. Conservation of large habitat patches in high-cover landscapes will help ensure persistence of Bicknell ’ s thrushes, but only if local scale habitat quality is maintained. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating information beyond landscape characteristics when investigating patch occupancy patterns in metapopulations. Understanding distributional patterns of organisms in space and time is a fundamental question in ecology. Variations in species occurrence patterns can elucidate drivers of important population processes such as site occupancy, colonization, and local extinction (Gaston 1990). By linking these pro
On the effect of quarter‐point element size on fracture criteria

The effect of the quarter-point element size on the solution parameters of fracture criteria is investigated in view of its effect on the computed stress intensity factors. An analytical relationship between the error in calculating crack propagation increment and stress intensity for single mode problems is obtained while, for mixed mode problems, the investigation is based on numerical experimentation. The singular element size is found to have a substantial effect on both crack propagation angle and increment for the geometries considered.
Apoplexy of a pituitary adenoma after dynamic testing with gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Pituitary tumor apoplexy is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by hemorrhagic infarction of a pre-existing adenoma followed by the acute onset of headache, vomiting, visual disturbances, and sometimes alteration in the level of consciousness [l-3]. Although the pathophysiology of its development is not known, there are some apparent precipitating factors as recently summarized by Ebersold et al [4]. A few recent reports described the occurrence of apoplexy after dynamic testing of anterior pituitary function [5-71. In all of these instances, the apoplectic episode occurred after the combined administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), insulin, or glucagon. Although GnRH is commonly used in the dynamic testing of pituitary gonadotropin secretion, there are, to our knowledge, no known serious neurologic complications associated with its use. Apoplexy has never been reported to occur after the single injection of this hypothalamic-releasing factor. In this report, we describe a patient with hyperprolactinemia in association with a pituitary macroadenoma who developed hemorrhagic infarction of the adenoma following the intravenous administration of GnRH. The patient had an uneventful recovery after transsphenoidal removal of the necrotic tumor. CASE REPORT A 41-year-old woman presented with a five-year history of amenorrhea. Three years before admission, she had an elevated serum prolactin level to 75 ng/mL and a demonstrable pituitary adenoma on computed tomography. No treatment was given at that time and the patient was next seen by us for endocrine evaluation. She had remained amenorrheic, but exhibited no findings to suggest hypopituitarism, and had no visual disturbances or headaches. Except for a minimal clear discharge from both breasts, results of physical examination were unremarkable. Initial studies showed elevated serum prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (Table I). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sella turcica showed a macroadenoma with extension into the suprasellar region and superior displacement of the optic chiasm. Determination of the gonadotropin responses of GnRH was planned in view of the known elevation of the basal FSH level. Approximately 60 minutes after the administration of GnRH (100 pg intravenously), the patient noted the sudden onset of headache, which
Detection of Ultraviolet Emission Lines in SN 1006 with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope

The Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) was used during the Astro-2 space shuttle mission in 1995 March to observe emission lines of H I, He II, C IV, N V, and O VI from the faint optical Balmer line filament at the northwest edge of the SN 1006 supernova remnant. This is the first successful far-ultraviolet observation of a nonradiative shock wave with velocity in excess of 300 km s-1 and the first detection of ultraviolet emission lines from SN 1006. The observed line widths are consistent with the ~2300 km s-1 width reported for Hα, implying that the velocities of different ions are independently randomized in the shock and that ion-ion temperature equilibration is ineffective. A faint continuum in the spectrum is consistent with relatively strong dust-scattered starlight along this line of sight, visible because of the large HUT spectrograph aperture used for this observation. The relative line intensities are in reasonable agreement with existing model predictions for a 2300 km s-1 shock. However, proton excitation rates may compete with electron excitation in producing the emission lines and need to be included in the model calculations before a comprehensive analysis can be attempted.
Internal consistency and discriminant validity of a delay-discounting task with an adult self-reported ADHD sample.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the reliability and discriminant validity of a behavioral task of impulsivity, the delay-discounting task. Method: Young adults were asked to report ADHD diagnostic status and to complete the delay-discounting task. The internal consistency of the task was determined, task performances of individuals with and without self-reported ADHD were compared, and the ability of this task to discriminate between participants with and without self-reported ADHD was assessed. Results: The delay-discounting task showed very good to excellent internal consistency. Furthermore, participants with self-reported ADHD responded to the task in a more impulsive manner than did non-ADHD participants. Finally, moderate discriminant validity for detecting self-reported ADHD using this task was found. Conclusion: Findings showed that the delay-discounting task is a promising task for both clinical research and practice as it has strong reliability overall and has moderate di...
Prognosis of Patients with Melanoma and Microsatellitosis Undergoing Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Introduction Melanoma microsatellitosis is classified as stage IIIB/C disease and is associated with a poor prognosis. Prognostic factors within this group, however, have not been well characterized.
Chebyshev expansions and rational approximations

Abstract Let A(z) = Am(z) + amzmB(z,m) where Am(z) is a polynomial in z of degree m-1. Suppose A(z) and B(z,m) are approximated by main diagonal Pade approximations of order n and r respectively. Suppose that the number of operations needed to evaluate both sides of the above equations by means of the Pade approximations and polynomial noted are the same. Thus 4n = 3m + 4r. We address ourselves to the question of which procedure is more efficient? That is, which procedure produces the smallest error? A variant of this problem is the situation where A(z) and B(z,m) are approximated by their representations in infinite series of Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind truncated after n and r terms respectively. Here n = m + r. Let F(z) have two different series type representations in overlapping or completely disjoint regions of the complex z-plane. Suppose that for each representation there is a sequence of rational approximations of the same type, say of the Pade class, which converge for |arg z| General answers to the above questions are not known. Instead, we illustrate the ideas for a number of the rather common special functions.
Deep venous thrombosis in acute spinal cord injury: a comparison of 125I fibrinogen leg scanning, impedance plethysmography and venography.

Deep venous thrombosis in acute spinal cord injury: a comparison of 125 I fibrinogen leg scanning, impedance plethysmography and venography
Saving the last South African Bushman: A spectacular failure?

(1995). Saving the last South African Bushman: A spectacular failure? Critical Arts: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 28-48.
The skin as a barrier membrane: relating in vitro measurements to in vivo behavior

Abstract Human skin serves as a semipermeable barrier that controls the exchange of various substances between the body and its environment. In vivo , its behavior is controlled by a variety of physiological conditions, especially skin blood flow. Previous, detailed analyses of permeation through human skin indicate a complex dependence of transcutaneous gas flux on the resistance of the stratum corneum, diffusivity in the bulk of the skin, total skin perfusion, and distribution of blood flow [1]. In vitro measurements can be used to isolate the principal barrier, the resistance of the stratum corneum. When these measurements are made with isolated stratum corneum samples, the effects of small defects in the stratum corneum may subtly influence the net resistance through the sample. This influence can be reduced by coating the sample with an adhesive film. To properly determine stratum corneum resistances from measurements on such composites, one must consider the two-dimensional nature of diffusion in the coating. We adopt methods from the study of synthetic membranes to suggest optimal choices for coating resistances and to determine the extent to which such coatings mask stratum corneum artifacts.
Gust-front loading effects on wind turbine tower systems

Abstract With an increasing focus on the issues of extreme wind events, particularly thunderstorms and downbursts, it is important not to lose sight of their impact with regards to other industrial structures, which are themselves sensitive even to typical flow fields. For the treatment of conventional boundary layer winds, a gust loading factor approach has been widely adapted in most international codes and standards for the design of buildings. Wind turbine towers, though fundamentally different from buildings when viewed as a multi-body system featuring a tower/nacelle and blades, may be treated much in the same way with modified gust loading factors. This paper introduces a possible approach to mesh conventional treatments of gust loading factors with those of newly introduced gust-front factors on wind turbine towers. Much like gust-front factors for buildings, this approach encapsulates many of the varied kinematic and dynamic changes associated with nonstationary characteristics of gust-fronts originating from thunderstorms/downbursts and the changing aerodynamics on wind turbine towers. From an example of a wind turbine tower system, gust-front loading effects as compared to those of boundary layer winds are investigated.
Sibling Constellation and Androgynous Sex Role Development

Summary The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between androgynous sex role development in adults and sibling constellation factors (N = 454 male and female undergraduates). It was hypothesized that androgynous as compared with sex-typed adults would be more likely to have older opposite-sex siblings. Results indicated that number of older brothers was related to androgynous sex role development for females, and perceived closeness to older sisters was related to androgynous sex role development for males. Discussion centered on the need to focus on both quantitative and qualitative dimensions of sibling constellation factors as they relate to androgynous sex role development.
Testing the dual pathway hypothesis to substance use in adolescence and young adulthood

Abstract Background We tested the dual pathway hypothesis to substance use which posits that substance use can develop via internalizing symptoms or deviant behaviors. Method Using data from the Add Health study, we used latent class analysis to define subgroups based on patterns of substance use, and logistic regression procedures to evaluate the prospective association between symptoms of depression, deviance, and the individual substance use patterns. Results Groups representing similar patterns of substance use were identified in both adolescence and young adulthood. Some support for the dual pathway hypothesis was demonstrated. Deviance was prospectively associated with substance group assignment in both adolescence and young adulthood, while depression uniquely predicted assignment to the smoking group in young adulthood among females. Conclusions Further testing of the dual pathway hypothesis should be built on diverse pattern-centered approaches able to explore the presence of population subgroups.
Utility of Doppler Myocardial Imaging, Cardiac Biomarkers and Clonal Immunoglobulin Genes to Assess Left Ventricular Performance and Stratify Risk Following Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis (AL)

Background Cardiac dysfunction is a well-recognized complication of light chain amyloidosis (AL). Autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT) has emerged as a successful treatment modality for AL patients. In this study, we examined the effect of clonal immunoglobulin light chain genes (VL), which encodes the immunoglobulin light chain protein that ultimately forms amyloid, on cardiac function, in the context of auto-SCT and its impact on overall survival. Methods Longitudinal Doppler myocardial imaging parameters along with cardiac biomarkers were used to assess for cardiac function pre and post auto-SCT. Results VL gene analysis revealed that Vl genes, in particular VlVI, were associated with worse cardiac function parameters than Vk genes. Clonal VL genes appeared to have an impact on left ventricular (LV) function post-transplant and also influenced mortality, with specific VL gene families associated with lower survival. Another key predictor of mortality in this report was change in tricuspid regurgitant flow velocity following auto-SCT. Correlations were also observed between systolic strain rate, systolic strain and VL genes associated with amyloid formation. Conclusions Clonal VL gene usage influences global cardiac function in AL, with patients having VlVI and VlII-III-associated amyloid more severely affected than those having Vk or VlI amyloid. Pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging along with immunoglobulin gene analysis offers novel insights into prediction of mortality and cardiac dysfunction in AL after auto-SCT.
Time-resolved measurements of photoinduced electron transfer from polyfluorene to C 60

The excited state dynamics of polyfluorene and the dynamics of the photoinduced electron transfer from polyfluorene to a C 6 0 derivative have been studied with time-resolved pump-probe measurements at low excitation density. Using the stimulated emission and photoinduced absorption spectra, the decay of the neutral excited state and the growth of the ionic excited state have been time resolved; the photoinduced charge transfer reaction occurs with a characteristic time constant of approximately 3 ps.
Delayed effects of embryonic exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to methylmercury (MeHg).

Since previous short-term bioassays of methylmercury (MeHg) indicated no morphological effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) after embryonic exposures below 20 μg/l MeHg, studies were done to determine whether embryonic exposure to MeHg at lower concentrations would induce behavioral effects. Newly fertilized embryos were exposed to 0, 5, 10 or 15 μg MeHg/l for selected exposure durations: single day, multiple day or continuous exposure from fertilization through hatching. Larvae were maintained in an essential salt solution after hatching. Spontaneous swimming performance and prey capture experiments were conducted. Continuous embryonic exposure to 15 μg/l caused delayed mortality syndrome (DMS). These larvae hatched normally and appeared normal, but beginning at Day 3 post-hatch (ph), general activity was severely reduced and by Day 5 ph, larvae were completely moribund; many had faint heartbeats, severely enlarged body cavities and upward flexures of the spinal cord. Most of these larvae were dead by Day 6 ph. Multi- and single-day embryonic exposures to 15 μg/l caused reduced swimming activity and prey capture ability, and by Day 4 ph, these larvae also began to show signs of DMS. Continuous embryonic exposure to 10 μg/l significantly reduced spontaneous swimming activity, which did not improve after 5 days in clean water. Similar results were seen in larvae exposed during the last 24 h of embryonic development. Prey capture ability was also impaired in larvae exposed continuously to 10 μg/l, even after 4 days in clean water. Single-day exposures to 10 μg/l did not affect prey capture ability. Larvae from the 5-μg/l exposures were not significantly different from controls for either parameter. This study reinforces the idea that functional impairment is a more subtle response to developmental toxicants than mortality or the production of morphological defects.
The vaginal smear as a diagnostic and prognostic aid in abortion.

IF THE vaginal smear could be employed as an accurate diagnostic and prognostic aid in abortion, our management of the accidents of early pregnancy might be greatly simplified. It is well known that every obstetrician-gynecologist is dissatisfied with a purely clinical approach to the problem of abortion. It is often difficult to decide whether a patient is pregnant or not. If she is gravid and bleeding, the case may be one of abortion yet it may not necessarily mean that the pregnancy is terminated. Abortion, of course, may be threatened, incomplete, complete or missed, and either uterine or tubal. We have evaluated 724 stained vaginal smears in 201 cases of questionable or abnormal early pregnancy. Seventy-five of these cases were instances of spontaneous abortion. This report will present the characteristic vaginal smear changes in early pregnancy and abortion together with certain practical and implied values of this laboratory procedure.
Young Adult Outcome of Hyperactive Children: Adaptive Functioning in Major Life Activities

ABSTRACT Objective The authors report the adaptive functioning of hyperactive and control children in southeastern Wisconsin (Milwaukee) followed to young adulthood. Method Interviews with participants concerning major life activities were collected between 1992 and 1996 and used along with employer ratings and high school records at the young adult follow-up (mean = 20 years, range 19-25) for this large sample of hyperactive (H; n = 149) and community control (CC; n = 72) children initially seen in 1978-1980 and studied for at least 13 years. Age, duration of follow-up, and IQ were statistically controlled as needed. Results The H group had significantly lower educational performance and attainment, with 32% failing to complete high school. H group members had been fired from more jobs and manifested greater employer-rated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms and lower job performance than the CC group. Socially, the H group had fewer close friends, more trouble keeping friends, and more social problems as rated by parents. Far more H than CC group members had become parents (38% versus 4%) and had been treated for sexually transmitted disease (16% versus 4%). Severity of lifetime conduct disorder was predictive of several of the most salient outcomes (failure to graduate, earlier sexual intercourse, early parenthood) whereas attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder at work were predictive of job performance and risk of being fired. Conclusions These findings corroborate prior research and go further in identifying sexual activity and early parenthood as additional problematic domains of adaptive functioning at adulthood.
A Study of the Relationship Between Breaking Time and Breaking Load for Fabrics Tested on CRE and CRT Machines

A study has been made of the relation between breaking time and breaking load for six different fabrics, using 1-in. ravelled strips with 3-in. initial clamp separation, tested on a constant-rate-of-specimen-extension (CRE) machine operated at a number of rates of extension, i.e., cross-head speed. The fabrics used were cotton nainsook, heavy cotton duck, acetate/viscose gabardine, viscose crepe, and nylon taffeta, so as to cover a range of extensibilities and breaking loads. In general these fabrics showed a decrease in breaking load with increase in breaking time, as has also been reported in the literature for studies on fibers and yarns.Tests were also carried out on constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) pendulum machines at two or three different speeds for each fabric. Good agreement was obtained between the breaking loads measured on the CRE and CRT machines when compared at equal breaking times.To put the measurement of breaking load of fabrics on a constant-breaking-time basis appears to offer the best...
Analyzing methodological rigor of MIS survey research from 1980–1989

Abstract IS researchers are using survey methods as a means of determining and explaining practical phenomena. There is, however, growing concern over the rigor of the research performed by IS researchers. This study attempts to establish proper criteria and evaluate MIS survey research over the past decade. Specifically, the volume, trends and quality of research are described and discussed. The results indicate that while there is a need for more methodological rigor along the guidelines suggested, there are some indications of the maturing of the IS field.
Historical Amnesia: New Urbanism and the City of Tomorrow:

This article explores the ideology behind the contemporary “New Urbanist” movement alongside two key twentieth-century American utopian urban plans for the city of the future, Democracity and Futurama. Both Democracity and Futurama were displays at the 1939 New York World's Fair, and like many contemporary New Urbanist projects, both were totalizing visions—holistic attempts to remake the entire American landscape and in so doing link art and life in the name of democracy. It is the author's argument that many New Urbanist planners suffer from what she calls historical amnesia rooted in a myopic form of nostalgia, since, as she demonstrates in the article, the plans for Democracity and Futurama contain both the closest precursors and the root of many of the problems that proponents of New Urbanism are attempting to rectify. By exploring these two historical models within the context of contemporary urban community building, the author calls for the eradication of historical amnesia in further planning for...
Smart Fault Location for Smart Grids

Fault location is an important application among intelligent monitoring and outage management tasks used for realization of self healing networks, one of the most attractive features of smart grids. The data gathered from various intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) installed throughout the power system could be utilized for smart approaches to locating faults in both transmission and distribution systems. This paper discusses issues associated with improving accuracy of fault location methods in smart grids using an abundance of IED data. Two examples of how the gathered data from different IEDs is used to improve fault location accuracy in transmission and distribution systems are discussed in detail.
Seasonal dynamics of mites and fungi and their interaction with southern pine beetle

We evaluated whether Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann populations were influenced by nontrophic interactions involving commensal mites, their mutualistic bluestain fungus Ophiostoma minus (Hedgc.) H. and P. Sydow, and beetle-mutualistic mycangial fungi. We tested for effects of delayed, nonlinear, or positive feedback from O. minus and mites on D. frontalis population growth. We predicted that (1) high mite densities have demographic consequences for beetles by influencing the prevalence of O. minus and antagonistic interactions between O. minus and mycangial fungi, and (2) inter-relations and abundances of mites and fungi differentially vary throughout the year in a seasonally variable climate. Surveys of D. frontalis populations revealed that temporal and spatial patterns in abundance of mites and their mutualistic fungus, O. minus were inversely related with beetle population growth. Negative demographic effects of O. minus on D. frontalis were nonlinear, only affecting beetle per capita reproduction when fungi colonized >35% of phloem habitat. Mite abundance was strongly correlated with O. minus and was an important driving force in promoting bluestain prevalence within trees. Spring abundances of mites and the prevalence of O. minus during D. frontalis infestation formation were strong predictors of beetle population decline later that year. The two mutualistic fungi associated with D. frontalis cycled seasonally but did not seem to influence beetle population dynamics.
Changing the secure avionics perspective from components to missions

The authors discuss how current secure avionics design procedures affect mission success. The views expressed are drawn from experiences with the operational evaluation of the DOD secure communications and analysis of C-17 secure communications operation. The following concepts are addressed: integrated hardware, integrated operator interfaces, single-point keying, automated mission loading, and integrated mission development support. It is concluded that the current 'add as you go' approach to design can no longer ensure successful mission competition. It is noted that in addition to integrated hardware, integrated hardware operator interfaces and integrated mission development support are necessary to reduce pre-flight and in-flight tasking. >
Automatically tuned, variable bandwidth, Q-enhanced if bandpass filters

Modern wireless products including software-defined and cognitive radios (SDR/CR) require variable bandwidth technologies to address multiple modulation standards. This paper shows that Q-enhanced filtering at the intermediate frequency of a superheterodyne receiver can support this need. We present an automatically tuned, coupled-resonator QE filter operating at 450 MHz, with variable bandwidth capability, a 14 dB noise figure, and up to 140 dB/Hz dynamic range. The problem of tuning the filter in the face of environmental changes is solved with a low-complexity algorithm and minimal additional circuitry. The associated problem of correcting passband asymmetry is also addressed and a 2-pole design tuned for 10 and 20 MHz bandwidths is shown to maintain flatness to within 0.5 dB from 25 to 55 degrees C.
A Cybernetic Theory of Stress, Coping, and Well-Being in Organizations

Many major theories of organizational stress (OS) reflect basic principles of cybernetics, most notably the negative feedback loop. However, these principles are rarely examined in empirical OS research, which focuses predominantly on simple relationships embedded in OS theories. This problem may reflect an implicit rejection of cybernetic principles on conceptual grounds, the absence of specific propositions regarding these principles, methodological difficulties, or some combination of these factors. In any case, the result is a gap between theoretical and empirical OS research, which severely hinders the accumulation of knowledge in this area. This article is intended to narrow this gap by presenting an integrative cybernetic theory of stress, coping, and well-being in organizations, deriving propositions from this theory, and discussing methodological issues in testing this theory.
Physical-biological coupling in spore dispersal of kelp forest macroalgae

Abstract The physical–biological linkages controlling the dispersal of spores produced by macroalgae that reside in kelp forests are complicated and laced with feedbacks. Here we discuss the fundamental elements of these interactions. Biological considerations include spore swimming and sinking speeds, their periods of viability in the plankton, and the height of spore release above the seafloor, which together determine the durations over which spores can be swept by horizontal currents before they contact the seafloor. Morphologies and material properties of canopy forming kelps may also influence the drag exerted on passing waters by the kelps, the plants' ability to persist in the face of rapid flows, and thereby the degree to which impinging currents are redirected around, or slowed within, kelp forests. Macroalgal life histories, and the size of spore sources as controlled by the dimensions of kelp forests and the density and fecundity of individuals within them, influence effective dispersal distances as well. Physical considerations encompass the mean speed, direction, and timescales of variability of currents relative to spore suspension times, the interaction of surface gravity waves with currents in producing turbulence in the benthic boundary layer, wind-driven surface mixing, water stratification, and shoreline bathymetry and substratum roughness, all of which can affect the interplay of vertical and horizontal transport of macroalgal spores. Intricate within-forest processes may induce attenuation of current speeds and consequent reductions in seabed shear, along with simultaneous production of small-scale turbulence in kelp wakes. Slower mean currents and smaller eddy scales in turn may attenuate vertical mixing within forests, thus extending spore suspension times. Further complexities likely arise due to changes in the relative rates of horizontal and vertical dispersion, modifications to the overall profiles of vertical mixing, and the creation of fine-scale secondary flows around kelp individuals and substratum features. Under conditions of more rapid currents, submergence of the surface canopy and the establishment of skimming flows at the canopy–fluid interface may introduce additional coherent flow structures that alter rates of fluid exchange to and from the forest. Many of these coupled physical–biological processes are just beginning to be examined in a rigorous fashion in kelp forests, but their potential importance is clear.
Spirituality, Gender, and Supervisory Style in Supervision

This study used the following guiding question: Is gender associated with variations in perceptions of supervisory style and the frequency with which spiritual issues are addressed in supervision? Results suggest that spirituality is perceived relevant to numerous aspects of supervision. For example, findings indicate that a relationship exists between two characteristics of supervisory style and the frequency with which spirituality is addressed in supervision. Results also intimate that male therapists viewed male supervisors as addressing spirituality more frequently than female supervisors, and female therapists viewed female supervisors as addressing spirituality more frequently than male supervisors. Overall, these findings highlight the significance of spirituality within the context of supervision and underscore the critical need for attention to gender in the study of spirituality within clinical settings.
Recurrence and Survival Outcomes After Anatomic Segmentectomy Versus Lobectomy for Clinical Stage I Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Propensity-Matched Analysis

Purpose Although anatomic segmentectomy has been considered a compromised procedure by many surgeons, recent retrospective, single-institution series have demonstrated tumor recurrence and patient survival rates that approximate those achieved by lobectomy. The primary objective of this study was to use propensity score matching to compare outcomes after these anatomic resection approaches for stage I non–small-cell lung cancer. Patients and Methods A retrospective data set including 392 segmentectomy patients and 800 lobectomy patients was used to identify matched segmentectomy and lobectomy cohorts (n = 312 patients per group) using a propensity score matching algorithm that accounted for confounding effects of preoperative patient variables. Primary outcome variables included freedom from recurrence and overall survival. Factors affecting survival were assessed by Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier estimates. Results Perioperative mortality was 1.2% in the segmentectomy group and 2.5% in the lobe...
Comparison of the Krief and critical porosity models for prediction of porosity and VP/VS

VP/VS relations are key to the determination of lithology from seismic or sonic log data, as well as for direct seismic identification of pore fluids using, for example, amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis. While there are a variety of published VP/VS relations and VS prediction techniques, most reduce to two simple elements: (1) for each lithology, establish empirical relations among VP, VS, and porosity for one reference fluid—usually water—and (2) use Gassmann’s (1951) relations to map these to other pore fluid states. In this short note we point out similarities between the critical porosity models of Nur (1992) and Krief et al. (1990) for predicting VP/VS. Both are useful, primarily because they incorporate the above two robust elements. Although derived from different directions, they are nearly identical.
The Doubletime and CKII Kinases Collaborate to Potentiate Drosophila PER Transcriptional Repressor Activity

In all genetically studied model organisms, a negative feedback loop of gene expression contributes to the circadian rhythm mechanism. In the Drosophila system, it has been proposed that the delay between the synthesis and function of clock proteins is due to phosphorylation-regulated nuclear entry. To test this hypothesis, we assayed the relationship between PER phosphorylation, nuclear localization, and transcriptional repression activity in cultured S2 cells. The results indicate that the two putative PER kinases DBT and CKII work together to phosphorylate PER and increase repression activity. Experiments combining kinase inhibition with inhibition of PER nuclear export suggest that phosphorylation directly affects PER repression activity and that PER nuclear localization is an indirect consequence of the association of active PER with DNA or chromatin. This interpretation suggests further that the circadian regulation of PER nuclear localization in flies reflects changes in PER transcriptional activity rather than in PER nuclear import or export activity.
Some effects of trypsin dissociation on the inhibition of reaggregation among embryonic chicken neural retina cells by cycloheximide.

Abstract The effects of cycloheximide on the reaggregation of trypsin-dispersed, embryonic chicken, neural retina cells were investigated. The cells were used either immediately after isolation (F-cells), or after 24 hr prior culture under conditions not permitting reaggregation (V-cells). The parameters of aggregation used were the size of aggregates formed in gyrotatory shaker cultures, and the concentration of single cells in these cultures. At both 24 and 48 hr, following treatment with cycloheximide, the mean diameters of the aggregates of F-cells showed a greater reduction than the V-cells, when compared with their corresponding controls. In addition, cycloheximide resulted in a higher concentration of single cells, that is less cell/cell adhesion, than in comparable controls. A higher proportion of single cells were present in the F-cell cultures in the presence of cycloheximide than in the V-cell cultures. Thus, the degree of inhibition of cell adhesion by one inhibitor of protein synthesis differed in F-cells and V-cells. These experiments may serve to focus attention on some secondary effects of tryptic dissociation, which is an often overlooked factor in subsequent studies of reaggregating embryonic cells, particularly in those experiments involving the use of metabolic inhibitors.
Understanding and improving faculty professional development in teaching

Various entities within and related to higher education offer activities designed to promote professional development of faculty in the area of teaching. A critical challenge to these efforts is the lack of understanding of the actual process of faculty development in teaching. Insight into what faculty members believe about learning, assessment, and teaching, and how those views change, would assist efforts to improve faculty development opportunities. This paper describes the current status of assessment of faculty professional development activities related to teaching. Working from this foundation, it suggests how to improve assessment strategies and begin the process of measuring the impact of specific program activities on faculty beliefs and practices. In addition, it describes ways of investigating and drawing conclusions about professional development process paths in the area of teaching, variables that influence and enhance development trajectory, and roles of various types of faculty development activities in this process.
Inactivation of bacteriophages by decay of incorporated radioactive phosphorus.

The inactivation of the phages T1, T2, T3, T5, T7, and λ by decay of incorporated P32 has been studied. It was found that these phages fall into two classes of sensitivity to P32 decay: at the same specific activity of P32 in their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), T2 and T5 are inactivated three times as rapidly as T1, T3, T7, and λ. Since the strains of the first class were found to contain about three times as much total phosphorus per phage particle as those of the second) it appears that the fraction of all P32 disintegrations which are lethal is very nearly the same in all the strains. This fraction α depends on the temperature at which decay is allowed to proceed, being 0.05 at –196°C., 0.1 at +4°C., and 0.3 at 65°C. Decay of P32 taking place only after the penetration of the DNA of a radioactive phage particle into the interior of the bacterial cell can still prevent the reproduction of the parental phage, albeit inactivation now proceeds at a slightly reduced rate. T2 phages inactivated by decay of P32 can be cross-reactivated; i.e., donate some of their genetic characters to the progeny of a mixed infection with a non-radioactive phage. They do not, however, exhibit any multiplicity reactivation or photoreactivation. The fact that at low temperatures less than one-tenth of the P32 disintegrations are lethal to the phage particle and the dependence of the fraction of lethal disintegrations on temperature can be accounted for by the double stranded structure of the DNA macromolecule.
An Ultramicro Method for the Estimation of Plasma Cholesterol

A procedure is outlined for the ultramicro determination of total cholesterol that gives results in excellent agreement with classic methods. The determination requires 40 µl. of plasma obtained from a finger-tip puncture and special handling of precipitated proteins. By the use of the described procedure plasma cholesterol levels have been estimated 4 times daily over a period of 8 weeks in young men undergoing rigorous physical training and 3 times daily in women during the menstrual cycle. A striking fall in total plasma cholesterol was observed in men following physical conditioning in contrast to controls, and a similar decrease was observed in women with normal menstrual cycles in contrast to women with an anovulatory menses. It is suggested that the total cholesterol decrease in the female coincides with the phase in the menstrual cycle when estrogen activity is maximal and that the lowering of total cholesterol in men, following physical conditioning, may be due to an increased production of endogenous androgens with a consequent increase in conversion of these steroids to estrogens.
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) localization in developing human and rat growth plate, metaphysis, epiphysis and articular cartilage.

We assessed the distribution and relative staining intensity of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-1–7 by immunohistochemistry in tibial growth plates, epiphyses, metaphyses, and articular cartilage in one 21-week and one 22-week human fetus and in five 10-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats. In the rats, articular cartilage was also examined. BMP proteins were mostly cytoplasmic, with negligible matrix staining. Highest BMP levels were seen in (a) hypertrophic and calcifying zone chondrocytes of growth plate (BMP-1–7), (b) osteoblasts and/or osteoprogenitor fibroblasts and vascular cells of the metaphyseal cortex and medulla (BMP-1–6), (c) osteoclasts of the metaphysis and epiphysis (BMP-1,-4,-5, and −6), and (d) mid to deep zone articular chondrocytes of weanling rats (BMP-1–7). BMP staining in osteoclasts, an unexpected finding, was consistently strong with BMP-4, −5, and −6 but was variable and dependent on osteoclast location with BMP-2,-3, and −7. BMP-1–7 were moderately to intensely stained in vascular cana...
A stretch-sensitive Cl− channel in human corpus cavernosal myocytes

With the patch clamp method we demonstrate a stretch-sensitive Cl- currents as well as stretch-sensitive Cl- channels in a small group (5%,n 117) of cultured human corpus cavernosal muscle cells. The current and the channel activities had the following characteristics: (1) Their equilibrium potentials changed with extracellular Cl- concentration close to that predicted by Nernst equation provided that the relevant channels had high permeability to Cl- but low permeability to acetate ions; (2) They were blocked by mM concentrations of Zn2+; (3) The i-v relation of single channel current was almost linear for holding potentials varied from -70 to +60 mV; and (4) The channels had unitary conductances of approximately 140-170 pS.
A matching law analysis of the reinforcing efficacy of wheel running in rats

Previous research has demonstrated that running in a rotating wheel functions as a reinforcer for leverpressing in rats. In these studies, the pattern of responding was similar to the pattern of responding maintained by consummatory reinforcers, such as food and water. The present study investigated quantitative features of responding maintained by running. In previous experiments in which responses were reinforced according to variable-interval (VI) schedules and food and water served as the reinforcer, the equation for a rectangular hyperbola described the relationship between response rate and reinforcement rate. This experiment tested whether this quantitative regularity also applies to leverpressing maintained by the opportunity to run in a wheel. Fourteen male Wistar rats responded on levers for the opportunity to run. In each session, subjects were exposed to a series of VI schedules. An opportunity to run for 60 sec was the reinforcing consequence. Results showed that response rate was a negatively accelerated function of reinforcement rate, and the relationship between these two variables was described well by the equation for a rectangular hyperbola. To further test the similarity between running and consummatory reinforcers, the response requirement and access were manipulated. In previous experiments with food and water, these types of manipulations differentially changed the two parameters of the hyperbola. A similar pattern of results was obtained with wheel running. Thus, the equation appears to apply to running about as well as it does to consummatory reinforcers.
Effect of Altered Central and Peripheral Visual Field Stimulation on Correct Recognition and Visual Evoked Response

Hemispheric asymmetry was assessed using combined electrophysiological (visual evoked response) and behavioral (percentage-correct-recognition) techniques. Right-handed, right-eyed, male undergraduates who viewed tachistoscopically exposed CVCs and random shapes in both central and peripheral visual fields were scored for their ability to recognize the stimuli correctly. Latency and amplitude of visual evoked responses were compared with correct recognition. Central and peripheral stimuli produced significant results. Superiority of the left hemisphere for verbal stimulus processing was supported. Small but consistent positive peak latencies of visual evoked responses also indicated language specialization of the left lobe. Results were interpreted as supporting hemispheric functional asymmetry. Additional findings of "cognitive masking" and marked reduction in intersubject variance in postive peak latencies of visual evoked responses by a central stimulus occurring at approximately 300 msec were also obtained. Mechanisms of iconic image storage, neuropsychological attentional theories, and differential hemispheric structural organization were discussed in interpreting results.
Who Maximizes (or Satisfices) in Performance Management? An Empirical Study of the Effects of Motivation-Related Institutional Contexts on Energy Efficiency Policy in China

ABSTRACTResearch on public employee motivations in performance management has given little attention to the moderating role of motivation-related organizational and institutional contexts. Against the backdrop of China's energy intensity reduction policy, this study explores how institutional contexts pertaining to career motivation affect subnational bureaucrats' performance of central government policy goals. Empirical analysis, drawing on data for twenty-nine province-level governments from 2006 to 2010, confirms that institutional contexts related to career motivation influence policy implementation. Specifically, provinces with higher levels of bureaucratic integration with the central government had higher probability of achieving reduction targets and attaining a rating of excessive fulfillment in the national report card.
A WSI rapid prototyping architecture

Describes a generalized architecture, the WSI architecture for rapid prototyping (WARP), which attempts to map a large class of algorithms with only two types of processing cells. These are (a) the universal multiply-subtract-add cell (UMSA), and (b) the universal nonlinear cell (UNL). Using these cells, the authors have mapped a radix-8 FFT (fast Fourier transform) algorithm to a wafer architecture as well as the L-U decomposition onto the prototyping architecture. The authors report on reconfiguration using pooled redundancy, a compromise between completely global redundancy and completely local redundancy. They also discuss a harvesting model which quickly leads to an estimate of wafer yield. Using this tool the designer can make tradeoffs between the provisioning of needed functional cells and spares, and the desired yield. >