cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PATCH-BASED NONLOCAL DENOISING FOR MRI AND ULTRASOUND IMAGES

Image model plays a critical role in recovering diagnosis-relevant information from noisy observation data. Unlike conventional denoising techniques based on local models, a patch-based nonlocal image model is presented and its applications into restoring medical images are demonstrated. We introduce geometric resampling techniques for obtaining redundancy representations which facilitate the exploitation of nonlinear manifold constraint in the patch space. We extend existing locally linear embedding (LLE) into locally linear transform (LLT) to impose sparsity constraint on the uncorrupted images. A nonlocal denoising algorithm based LLT thresholding and adaptive fusion is proposed for removing Rician noise from MRI data and speckle noise from ultrasound images. Encouraging experimental results are achieved, which confirms the value of nonlocal processing as a supplementary tool.
Many-body forces in directly interacting systems

The conventional formulation of classical relativistic Hamiltonian constraint dynamics ofN interacting particles assumesN constraints which are required to satisfy an Abelian Poisson-bracket algebra. This requirement imposes restrictions on the permitted interactions, resulting in many-body forces. These are difficult to compute for given two-body forces. We propose a perturbative method for this purpose, which is symmetric in the particles. It requires Poincare-invariant integration, which is discussed in detail. An example is solved explicitly.
A Bioorthogonal Reaction of N‐Oxide and Boron Reagents

The development of bioorthogonal reactions has classically focused on bond-forming ligation reactions. In this report, we seek to expand the functional repertoire of such transformations by introducing a new bond-cleaving reaction between N-oxide and boron reagents. The reaction features a large dynamic range of reactivity, showcasing second-order rate constants as high as 2.3×10(3) M(-1) s(-1) using diboron reaction partners. Diboron reagents display minimal cell toxicity at millimolar concentrations, penetrate cell membranes, and effectively reduce N-oxides inside mammalian cells. This new bioorthogonal process based on miniscule components is thus well-suited for activating molecules within cells under chemical control. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the metabolic diversity of nature enables the use of naturally occurring functional groups that display inherent biocompatibility alongside abiotic components for organism-specific applications.
Composite materials for thermoelectric applications

Thermoelectric phenomena involve the transfer of energy between electric power and thermal gradients. They are widely used for cooling and heating, including air conditioning, refrigeration, thermal management and the generation of electrical power from waste heat.
Efficient abstraction algorithms for predicate detection

Abstract Analyzing a distributed computation is a hard problem in general due to the combinatorial explosion in the size of the state-space with the number of processes in the system. By abstracting the computation, unnecessary state explorations can be avoided. Computation slicing is an approach for abstracting distributed computations with respect to a given predicate. To detect a predicate in a timely manner during run-time verification, it is important to be able to compute the slice in an incremental manner as and when a new event is generated in the system. In this work, we present several online abstraction algorithms for computing the slice of a distributed computation with respect to regular predicates and its temporal extensions. The family of regular predicates is fairly rich and covers many commonly used predicates for run-time verification. We first present several online algorithms for computing the slice with respect to certain temporal logical regular predicates all of which are centralized. We then present a distributed algorithm for computing the slice with respect to a regular state based predicate; it distributes the work and storage requirements across the system, thus reducing the space and computation complexity per process. We also extend the slicing technique to non-regular predicates by presenting algorithms for computing the slice for two temporal logic operators when the predicate used in the operator is not regular.
Letter by Ayoub Regarding Article, "Prospective Randomized Trial of Moderately Strenuous Aerobic Exercise After an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator".

I read with great interest the study published by Dougherty et al1 demonstrating that moderately strenuous exercise significantly improved cardiovascular performance in persons with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. I commend the authors for their efforts. I believe the following issues should be clarified. First, the usual …
Categorization of Frequent Emergency Department Use in an Insured Homeless Population

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Frequent Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations Among Homeless People With Medicaid: Implications for Medicaid Expansion" by W-C Lin, M. Bharel, E. O'Connell, and R.E. Clark which appears in a 2015 issue of the journal.
Cutaneous Drug Reactions to Anticoagulants

Warfarin-induced skin necrosis is caused by a nonimmune-mediated transient hypercoagulable state at the initiation of therapy. Grossly and histopathologically it is very hard to differentiate from heparin-induced skin necrosis (HISN). HISN is a manifestation of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome (HITT); it is a type II antibody-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. It is clinically important because the rapidly progressive cutaneous necrosis heralds a life-threatening systemic reaction to heparin. Delayed-type hypersensitivity to heparin is a far more common cutaneous reaction to heparin and can look quite similar to HISN at the outset. It is critical to differentiate between the two because of the clinical management implications.
Core promoter-specific gene regulation: TATA box selectivity and Initiator-dependent bi-directionality of serum response factor-activated transcription

Gene-specific activation by enhancers involves their communication with the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery at the core promoter. Core promoters are diverse and may contain a variety of sequence elements such as the TATA box, the Initiator (INR), and the downstream promoter element (DPE) recognized, respectively, by the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors of the TFIID complex. Core promoter elements contribute to the gene selectivity of enhancers, and INR/DPE-specific enhancers and activators have been identified. Here, we identify a TATA box-selective activating sequence upstream of the human β-actin (ACTB) gene that mediates serum response factor (SRF)-induced transcription from TATA-dependent but not INR-dependent promoters and requires the TATA-binding/bending activity of TBP, which is otherwise dispensable for transcription from a TATA-less promoter. The SRF-dependent ACTB sequence is stereospecific on TATA promoters but activates in an orientation-independent manner a composite TATA/INR-containing promoter. More generally, we show that SRF-regulated genes of the actin/cytoskeleton/contractile family tend to have a TATA box. These results suggest distinct TATA-dependent and INR-dependent mechanisms of TFIID-mediated transcription in mammalian cells that are compatible with only certain stereospecific combinations of activators, and that a TBP-TATA binding mechanism is important for SRF activation of the actin/cytoskeleton-related gene family.
Creative and innovative performance: a meta-analysis of relationships with task, citizenship, and counterproductive job performance dimensions

Many studies have examined creative and innovative performance (CIP)–task performance, CIP–organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), and CIP–counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) relationships in order to differentiate CIP from these established job performance dimensions. However, the overlap between CIP and these performance dimensions is still not clear due to mixed findings evident in the literature. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analytic review of empirical research into CIP–task performance, CIP–OCB, and CIP–CWB relationships derived from 39 studies and 40 independent samples. Overall, CIP was positively related to task performance (ρ = .55) and OCB (ρ = .56) and negatively related to CWB (ρ = −.23). We did not observe evidence suggesting that CIP measurement, rating source, OCB target, or CWB type moderated these relationships. Implications of our findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Pump-probe optical coherence tomography using microencapsulated methylene blue as a contrast agent (Conference Presentation)

Molecular contrast imaging can target specific molecules or receptors to provide detailed information on the local biochemistry and yield enhanced visualization of pathological and physiological processes. When paired with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) it can simultaneously supply the morphological context for the molecular information. We recently demonstrated in vivo molecular contrast imaging of methylene blue (MB) using a 663 nm diode laser as a pump in a Pump-Probe OCT (PPOCT) system. The simple addition of a dichroic mirror in the sample arm enabled PPOCT imaging with a typical 830-nm band spectral-domain OCT system. Here we report on the development of a microencapsulated MB contrast agent. The poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres loaded with MB offer several advantages over bare MB. The microsphere encapsulation improves the PPOCT signal both by enhancing the scattering and preventing the reduction of MB to leucomethylene blue. The surface of the microsphere can readily be functionalized to enable active targeting of the contrast agent without modifying the excited state dynamics of MB that enable PPOCT imaging. Both MB and PLGA are used clinically. PLGA is FDA approved and used in drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. 2.5 μm diameter microspheres were synthesized with an inner core containing 0.01% (w/v) aqueous MB. As an initial demonstration the MB microspheres were imaged in a 100 μm diameter capillary tube submerged in a 1% intralipid emulsion.
Improvement and Error Analysis on Warship Gun Fire by Measuring the Distance-Direction Error

Modern warship has only one main gun and can not perform concentrated fire, so the method of ship-to-ship gun fire by measuring the distance and direction error can not work, this article improve the method by calculating the mean of the target positions estimated when the shells are launched. The error analysis shows that the new method gains the same effort as the method before.
Analysis on epidemic situation of category A and B infectious diseases in Maonan District of Maoming City 2008-2010

[Objective]To analyze the epidemic situation of category A and B infectious diseases in Maonan District of Maoming City during 2008-2010,provide the reference for developing the measures of infectious disease prevention and control by predicting trends. [Methods]With descriptive epidemiological method,the epidemic data of category A and B infectious diseases in Maonan District during 2008-2010 were analyzed. [Results]During 2008-2010,there was no category A infectious disease report in Maonan District,and 3 264 cases of 13 kinds of category B infectious diseases were reported.The incidence in 2008 was the highest(282.05/lakh),and that in 2009 was the lowest(226.14/lakh).The top 7 infectious disease in incidence were tuberculosis,syphilis,hepatitis,measles,gonorrhea,dysentery and influenza A(H1N1). [Conclusion]The incidence of respiratory infectious diseases has decreased year by year.The incidences of intestinal infectious diseases and arbo infectious diseases are unsteady.The incidences of blood-borne infectious diseases and sexually transmitted diseases increase year by year.At present,the main infectious diseases to harm people's health in Maonan District are tuberculosis,syphilis,hepatitis,measles and so on.
Zona-free hamster eggs and human sperm penetration capacity: a comparative study of proven fertile donors and infertility patients.

An in vitro penetration assay utilizing human sperm and zona-free hamster eggs was employed to evaluate human sperm fertilizing capacity for 36 patients from the infertility clinic and 9 donors of proven fertility. The infertility patients were grouped according to the normality of their semen analyses. Test results were different for the three groups: a mean penetration level ± standard deviation of 81% ± 26% was obtained for proven fertile donors, while a value of 14% ± 17% was observed for infertile couples with an abnormal semen analysis. A mean ± standard deviation penetration level of 48% ± 33% was associated with infertile couples in which the semen analysis was normal. These groups were statistically different (P
A systems approach to nerve regeneration.

Publisher Summary When injury occurs in the brain or spinal cord, for whatever reason, subsequent degenerative and regenerative events begin to occur in which many cellular and extracellular elements participate. The relative constancies of structural, compositional, and functional features of cells, tissues, and organs in normal mature animals under various environmental conditions are indicative of the existence of remarkable biochemical servomechanisms, which coordinate a variety of complex biosynthetic and degradative pathways and which continuously adjust the rates of entry and exit of substances between the organism and its environment, between extracellular and intracellular compartments of tissues, and between cytosol and the organelles of individual cells. The mechanisms for the regulation of the quantities of individual substances may interact with one another at one or more points. There are examples of coordinate changes in metabolically related constituents and of changes in some cellular constituents without marked changes in others with which the ones that change have known metabolic relations. Pathology in the brain and spinal cord may be characterized by degenerative changes in cells in many regions and may be associated with damage to the microvasculature, the losses of neuronal cells, decreases in neuronal processes in surviving cells, and changes in the relative proportions and functions of various nonneuronal cellular elements.
A 100–300-GHz Free-Space Scalar Network Analyzer Using Compact Tx and Rx Modules

This paper presents a 100–300-GHz quasi-optical network analyzer using compact transmitter and receiver modules. The transmitter includes a wideband double bow-tie slot antenna and employs a Schottky diode as a frequency harmonic multiplier. The receiver includes a similar antenna, a Schottky diode used as a subharmonic mixer, and an LO/IF diplexer. The 100–300-GHz RF signals are the 5th–11th harmonics generated by the frequency multiplier when an 18–27-GHz LO signal is applied. The measured transmitter conversion gain with $P_{\textrm {in}} = 18$ dBm is from −35 to −59 dB for the 5th–11th harmonic, respectively, and results in a transmitter EIRP from +3 to −20 dBm up to 300 GHz. The measured mixer conversion gain is from −30 to −47 dB at the 5th–11th harmonic, respectively. The system has a dynamic range > 60 dB at 200 GHz in a 100-Hz bandwidth for a transmit and receive system based on 12-mm lenses and spaced 60 cm from each other. Frequency-selective surfaces at 150 and 200 GHz are tested by the proposed design and their measured results agree with simulations. Application areas are low-cost scalar network analyzers for wideband quasi-optical 100 GHz–1 THz measurements.
Transitional Remodeling of the Hepatic Extracellular Matrix in Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury

Alcohol consumption is a common custom worldwide, and the toxic effects of alcohol on several target organs are well understood. The liver is the primary site of alcohol metabolism and is therefore the major target of alcohol toxicity. Alcoholic liver disease is a spectrum of disease states, ranging from simple steatosis (fat accumulation), to inflammation, and eventually to fibrosis and cirrhosis if untreated. The fibrotic stage of ALD is primarily characterized by robust accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (collagens) which ultimately impairs the function of the organ. The role of the ECM in early stages of ALD is poorly understood, but recent research has demonstrated that a number of changes in the hepatic ECM in prefibrotic ALD not only are present, but may also contribute to disease progression. The purpose of this review is to summarize the established and proposed changes to the hepatic extracellular matrix (ECM) that may contribute to earlier stages of ALD development and to discuss potential mechanisms by which these changes may mediate the progression of the disease.
A comparison of hometown socioeconomics and demographics for black and white elite football players in the US

Despite widespread perceptions of elite US sport as meritocratic, there is little empirical research on the social origins of those who play college and professional sports in the US or how these v...
Risk Factors for Bacteremia in Patients With Urinary Catheter–Associated Bacteriuria

Background Catheter-associated bacteriuria is complicated by secondary bacteremia in 0.4% to 4.0% of cases. The directly attributable mortality rate is 12.7%. Objective To identify risk factors for bacteremia associated with catheter-associated bacteriuria. Methods Data were acquired from a large electronic clinical and administrative database of consecutive adult inpatient admissions to 2 acute care hospitals during a 7-year period. Data on patients with catheter-associated bacteriuria and bacteremia were compared with data on control patients with catheter-associated bacteriuria and no bacteremia, matched for date of admission plus or minus 30 days. Urine and blood cultures positive for the same pathogen within 7 days were used to define catheter-associated bacteriuria and bacteremia. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to determine independent risk factors for bacteremia. Results The sample consisted of 158 cases and 474 controls. Independent predictors of bacteremia were male sex (odds ratio, 2.76), treatment with immunosuppressants (odds ratio, 1.68), urinary tract procedure (odds ratio, 2.70), and catheter that remained in place after bacteriuria developed (odds ratio, 2.75). Patients with enterococcal bacteriuria were half as likely to become bacteremic as were patients with other urinary pathogens (odds ratio, 0.46). Odds of secondary bacteremia increased 2% per additional day of hospital stay (95% CI, 1.01-1.04) and decreased 1% with each additional year of age (95% CI, 0.97-0.99). Conclusions The results add new information about increased risk for bacteremia among patients with catheters remaining in place after catheter-associated bacteriuria and confirm evidence for previously identified risk factors.
The irruption of science in medical ethics: neuroethics and Freud´s psychoanalysis

El psicoanalisis y la neuroetica se ocupan de los fenomenos eticos que nacen de la aplicacion de tecnicas y tecnologias surgidos de las ciencias de la psiquis. Existe una considerable coincidencia entre los topicos cubiertos por la neuroetica y los fenomenos conceptuales que han constituido la ocupacion de los psicoanalistas. La neuroetica descansa en una perspectiva biologicista, en la que es real solo aquello que es biologico; con ello entrega una vision de la etica que limita el significado del unico tema que importa al psicoanalisis: la comprension de los significados inconscientes y el papel del discurso para discernir y justificar estos sentidos. La neuroetica ha conducido a la etica a considerar lo sensorial, lo fisico y lo visual, a expensas del significado psicologico de la dimension psiquica de la existencia humana.
Early identification of cotton fields using mosaicked aerial multispectral imagery

U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Insect Control and CottonDisease Research Unit, 2771 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, United StatesAbstract. Early identification of cotton fields is important for advancing boll weevil eradicationprogress and reducing the risk of reinfestation. Remote sensing has long been used for cropidentification, but limited work has been reported on early identification of cotton fields.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistoevaluateaerialimageryforidentifyingcottonfieldsbeforecottonplants start to bloom. A two-camera imaging system was used to acquire red-green-blue andnear-infrared images with 1-m pixel resolution along two flight lines over an 8km×12 kmcropping area. The images were mosaicked using two approaches: manual georeferencing fol-lowed by position-based mosaicking in Erdas Imagine and content-based automatic mosaickinginPix4DMapper.Themosaickedimageswerethenclassifiedintodifferentcropsandcovertypesusing supervised classification techniques. Results showed that both types of mosaics wereeffective for cotton identification and that maximum likelihood classification produced thebest overall accuracy of 90% for the position-based approach and 91% for the content-basedapproach. The methodologies presented in this study will be useful for boll weevil eradicationprogram managers to quickly and efficiently identify cotton fields at relatively early growthstages using mosaicked aerial imagery.
Clarifying the Problem: What's the Trouble?

This chapter discusses how problem clarification in strategic solution focused therapy can be helpful in solving the problems. This includes identifying the complaint that the client is “here about,” that which he or she is hoping that the therapy will help to resolve. Knowing what the trouble is helps to guide any therapy, even when length and number of sessions are not critical issues. Clarifying the problem makes the therapy relevant. The author remembers several graduate school debates about the relative importance of “support versus confrontation” in therapy—and the input from mentors that the critical issue was not “support or confrontation,” but relevance. Creating a problem focus is honing in on whatever is most relevant: where change will make the most difference. It also describes how the therapist can identify a focus. The first step is usually to ask in a straightforward way, “Which of those things is bothering you most?” Or the therapist might say, “When you called, which of those things were you hoping that I might help you with?” When asked directly, a surprisingly large number of clients can answer directly. This is true even when multiple issues are involved. But not all clients narrow in on one problem so quickly. When simple, direct questioning about what is most distressing fails to elicit clarification, some additional explanation might be given about what the therapist is requesting and why.
How to Look for Thyroid Cancer.

Detection of thyroid carcinoma includes recognition of a nodule by the patient, palpation of a nodule by the physician, or incidental detection of a thyroid nodule during imaging procedures, such as carotid ultrasonography or chest computed tomography. Individual nodules carry a risk of 7% to 9% of harboring a thyroid carcinoma.1 Thyroid carcinomas are usually contained within the thyroid gland and have excellent prognosis, with less than 2% mortality at 5 years.2 These data might suggest a public health benefit of screening—cancer is detected at an early enough stage to have an excellent prognosis. Why not broaden the scope of detection by palpation or as an incidental finding to include routine screening, and detect more of these carcinomas while they are asymptomatic?
Groups of Automorphisms of Totally Ordered Sets: Techniques, Model Theory and Applications to Decision Problems

This is a survey of topics likely to be of interest to algebraists in general. It has been written accordingly.
In Search of the Original Fortran Compiler

In April 2002, Grady Booch sent out an email with the subject "Preserving classic software products." His appeal to provide top 10 lists and to suggest where to look for the source code received an enthusiastic response. Grady and the Computer History Museum organized a workshop in October 2003.1 As a result, a month later, a group of Computer History Museum trustees, staff and volunteers (including me) established the Software Collection Committee2 (SCC) to explore the software side of the museums mission: "To preserve and present for posterity the artifacts and stories of the information age." This article focuses on the collecting of Fortran materials.
Multiple Comparisons of Means Using Simultaneous Confidence Intervals

The state of the art of multiple comparisons of means using simultaneous confidence intervals is discussed. Several industrial examples are used to illustrate the procedures. Attention is limited to those procedures that are recommended for use in pra..
Developmental Origins of Biological Explanations: The case of infants' internal property bias.

People’s explanations about the biological world are heavily biased toward internal, non-obvious properties. Adults and children as young as 5 years of age find internal properties more causally central than external features for explaining general biological processes and category membership. In this paper, we describe how this ‘internal property bias’ may be grounded in two different developmental precursors observed in studies with infants: (1) an early understanding of biological agency that is apparent in infants’ reasoning about animals, and (2) the acquisition of kind-based representations that distinguish between essential and accidental properties, spanning from animals to artifacts. We argue that these precursors may support the progressive construction of the notion of biological kinds and explanations during childhood. Shortly after their first year of life, infants seem to represent the internal properties of animates as more central and identity-determining that external properties. Over time, this skeletal notion of biological kinds is integrated into diverse explanations about kind membership and biological processes, with an increasingly better understanding of the causal role of internal properties.
Autoimmune Hepatitis in Children and Adolescents: Effect on Quality of Life.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) on the quality of life of children and adolescents and to identify which variables effect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). METHODS The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) was used to evaluate HRQoL. In addition, a questionnaire was applied which included signs, symptoms, and use of medications. RESULTS A total of 43 patients (mean age, 15.0 ± 3.9 years; 65.1% girls; 90.7% with type 1 AIH) was evaluated. Advanced liver disease was present in 30.2%, and 18.6% had sclerosing cholangitis. Treatment was effective in 93.1% of patients. The lowest HRQoL scores were associated with the school (67.7), emotional (68.2), and psychosocial (75.5) domains. Compared with healthy children, patients presented lower scores on the total, psychosocial, emotional, and school domains (P < 0.05). The presence of symptoms (β = 0.39, P < 0.01), extrahepatic autoimmune diseases (β = 0.27, P < 0.05), and a dislike of taking medication (β = 0.40, P < 0.01) negatively affected the psychosocial PedsQL 4.0 score, and the presence of symptoms (β = 0.40, P < 0.01) negatively affected the total PedsQL 4.0 score. CONCLUSIONS AIH has a significant and negative effect on HRQoL among children and adolescents. The presence of symptoms, extrahepatic autoimmune diseases, and a dislike of taking medication were associated with the worsening of HRQoL. Providers should work with professionals trained to improve QoL to help improve treatment adherence and disease outcomes.
THE BIOREGULATORY PROPERTIES OF SERUM LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN INHIBITOR (LDL-IN) ON THE GENERATION OF KILLER T CELLS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses serum lipoproteins that possess bioregulatory properties. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) have been demonstrated to regulate cholesterol biosynthesis via receptor-mediated pathways. In a study described in the chapter, a comparable suppression of generation of cytolytic cells was not observed for human high density lipoprotein. An analysis of the secondary response in mice 45 days post-primary immunization following infusion of comparable doses of LDL-In showed no effect on the number of cytolytic units generated when the LDL-In and control groups were compared. The observations lend further support to the existence of humoral factors that can influence the immune response and specifically the immunoregulatory normal low-density lipoprotein, LDL-In, which appears to selectively repress the primary immunocompetent T both in vitro and in vivo .
Justifying Knowledge Claims

This paper will present a means of justifying knowledge claims (research findings, conclusions) about technology-assisted social systems. It uses the ideas developed by the systems thinker C. West Churchman (1914–2004), so individual experience and experimentation are seen as important, but insufficient for dealing with the design of social systems. Richer criteria for justification are required, including consideration of stakeholders’ perspectives and alternative explanations. This paper will explore the conjecture that Churchman’s five ‘guarantors’ of knowledge can provide systems designers and researchers with criteria for justifying their findings, their claims to know something. The evidence to support this argument will be drawn from Churchman’s books, ‘systems Thinking and Its Enemies’ and ‘The Design Of Inquiring Systems’ as well as the argumentative inquiry and perspectival thinking literature. A list of ‘justification’ criteria for researchers is provided as a summary.
Applications of Functional Protein Microarrays in Basic and Clinical Research

The protein microarray technology provides a versatile platform for characterization of hundreds of thousands of proteins in a highly parallel and high-throughput manner. It is viewed as a new tool that overcomes the limitation of DNA microarrays. On the basis of its application, protein microarrays fall into two major classes: analytical and functional protein microarrays. In addition, tissue or cell lysates can also be directly spotted on a slide to form the so-called "reverse-phase" protein microarray. In the last decade, applications of functional protein microarrays in particular have flourished in studying protein function and construction of networks and pathways. In this chapter, we will review the recent advancements in the protein microarray technology, followed by presenting a series of examples to illustrate the power and versatility of protein microarrays in both basic and clinical research. As a powerful technology platform, it would not be surprising if protein microarrays will become one of the leading technologies in proteomic and diagnostic fields in the next decade.
Beverage Intake and Its Effect on Body Weight Status among WIC Preschool-Age Children

Given the prevalence and consequences of childhood obesity, efforts are being made to identify risk factors and design evidence-based interventions to reduce its impact. Food and beverage consumption habits are established early in life, making preschool-age children an important group to focus on. This cross-sectional study explored beverage intake and its association with body weight status among low-income preschool-age children enrolled in the Special Supplementation Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Authorized representatives for children between the ages of 3 and 4.9 years were interviewed at WIC clinics in Broward County, Florida. Anthropometric data were collected from the WIC data system. The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), particularly fruit drinks, was significantly higher in overweight/obese children when compared with their under/normal weight counterparts. Independent of body weight status, the preschool-age children were consuming on average over twice as much as the recommended intake of 100% fruit juice per day for that age group. Close to 80% of the overweight/obese children consumed low-fat or fat-free milk most often than any other type of milk. The intake of SSB was positively correlated with both the intakes of 100% fruit juice and milk, and negatively correlated with the intake of water. When body weight status, race/ethnicity, and intake of other beverages were held constant, SSB intake was positively associated with milk intake and negatively associated with water intake. Results from this study support the need to encourage water intake and discourage SSB intake in an effort to reduce the risk for overweight and obesity in WIC-participating preschool-age children. Emphasizing the need to follow the recommendation to limit 100% fruit juice intake to 4 to 6 oz. per day is important when counseling families with young children. Efforts to increase awareness of the health consequences associated with consuming high-fat milk should continue.
Embodied well-being through two media technologies: Virtual reality and social media:

How the body is perceived through media is key to many well-being interventions. Researchers have examined the effects of platforms on users’ self-perceptions, including immersive virtual reality, ...
Local Dynamics in Liquids and Glassy Materials

Atomic dynamics in strongly disordered matter, such as liquids and glasses, is characterized by correlated local dynamics. The conventional descriptions of atomic dynamics in condensed matter in te...
Gender and Age Variations in Pharmacists' Job Satisfaction in the United States.

While several studies have attested the presence of systematic gender and age variations in pharmacists’ satisfaction with their jobs, only a few of them have considered both classifications simultaneously. None have done so while systematically examining multiple facets of practitioners’ work. This article estimated U.S. pharmacists’ satisfaction levels with various facets of their work, compared them simultaneously between genders and among age groups, and tested for the presence of gender–age interaction effects. The study was based on self-reported survey data collected from 701 pharmacists (31.0% response rate). Mean and standard deviation values for 18 indices related to pharmacists’ work were calculated. When age groups were controlled, female pharmacists expressed overall higher levels of satisfaction with their job than male pharmacists; they also expressed greater satisfaction with multiple specific facets and with the profession, as well as greater workload and stress than male pharmacists. The findings revealed few significant differences among age groups and a limited gender–age interaction effect for pharmacists’ satisfaction with key facets of their work. These findings should contribute to the development and refinement of rational criteria for increasing sources of satisfaction in pharmacy settings.
Mental Health Care of Older Adults: Does Cultural Competence Matter?

Minority and limited English proficiency seniors are consistently found to have multiple health care disparities, including higher incidence and prevalence of various mental health conditions. The purpose of this paper is to review current literature on culturally competent mental health care for older adults. The US population is aging and becoming increasingly more diverse. Minority and underserved groups of seniors are known to suffer from lower health literacy, limited English proficiency, and poorer health care outcomes. Quality mental health care is particularly dependent on being able to deliver services that are culturally and linguistically component. Federal agencies, accreditation and regulatory bodies, and mental health advocacy groups all offer online resources to facilitate and empower providers and mental health care organizations to enhance their ability to provide culturally competent services. There is evidence that cultural competence training improves provider awareness of disparities and cultural needs of a given target population. There are also trends that suggest that culturally competent care improves patient satisfaction and perceptions of providers. Future research is needed to further define the degree to which culturally competent care, and which aspects of that care, can reduce disparities and improve patient outcomes.
Axon and dendrite guidance molecules and the extracellular matrix in brain development

Abstract A large number of axonal guidance molecules have been shown to play other important roles in brain development. The EphRs and their ligands, Ephrins, causes repulsive axon movement. The EphRs/Ephrins play important roles in early compartment formation in the forebrain and in the migration and differentiation of cortical excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons. These proteins also help determine the final number of neurons in the brain. Semaphorins and their Neuroplexin receptors are repulsive. They play key roles in determining the topological structure of the brain and specifying which neurite processes become dendrites. Also they help determine the organization of the retinal lamina. The Netrins are attractive and are important for axon guidance, early neuron specification, and synapse formation. Proteoglycans and glycoproteins are crucial in determining the structure and function of the extracellular matrix.
Teaching 9/11 in the Core Curriculum

An increasingly prevalent feature of today’s liberal arts curriculum—the first-year seminar—presents challenges and opportunities. They are typically designed to support students’ transitions to the academic and social culture of an institution, provide students with a set of useful academic skills, and help students create community in their cohort. In addition, first-year seminars provide academic institutions with important tools for charting student progress toward academic goals, improving retention, and engaging students about subjects such as 9/11. This chapter discusses one such seminar that was offered at Emory & Henry College in 2015 and offers some examples of student research from the course.
Characteristics associated with Publication of Randomized Controlled Trials in the Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia: A 15-Year Analysis, 2004-2018.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide important data to guide clinical decisions. Publication bias may limit the applicability of RCTs because many clinical investigators prefer to submit and journals more selectively accept studies with positive results. The authors tested the hypothesis that positive RCTs published in the Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia were more likely to be associated with factors known to predict publication of positive versus negative RCTs in other journals. This observational study was an internet analysis of all issues of Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia from 2004-2018. Each issue was searched to identify human RCTs. The numbers of centers and enrolled patients in each RCT were tabulated. The corresponding author determined the country of origin (United States v international). A trial was “positive” or “negative” based on rejection or confirmation of the null hypothesis, respectively, for the primary outcome variable or the majority of measured outcomes if a primary outcome was not identified. The presence or absence of a hypothesis, randomization methodology, sample size calculation, and blinded research design was recorded. Registration in a public database, Consolidated Statements of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guideline compliance, and the source of funding also were determined. The number of citations for each RCT was determined by using Google Scholar; the citation rate was calculated as the ratio of the number of total citations and the duration in years since the trial's original publication. A total of 296 RCTs were identified, of which 58.8% reported positive results. Most RCTs were single center, relatively small, and international in origin. Total citations/RCT decreased over time, but citations/year did not. The percentage of RCTs that identified a randomization method, were registered, or followed CONSORT guidelines increased in a time-dependent manner. No differences in any factors associated with publication of RCTs were observed when positive and negative trials were compared. The Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia publishes more positive than negative RCTs, but factors that have been previously associated with RCT publication in other journals were similar between groups.
Understanding the diversity of genetic outcomes from CRISPR-Cas generated homology-directed repair.

As CRISPR-Cas systems advance toward clinical application, it is essential to identify all the outcomes of gene-editing activity in human cells. Reports highlighting the remarkable success of homology-directed repair (HDR) in the treatment of inherited diseases may inadvertently underreport the collateral activity of this remarkable technology. We are utilizing an in vitro gene-editing system in which a CRISPR-Cas complex provides the double-stranded cleavage and a mammalian cell-free extract provides the enzymatic activity to promote non-homologous end joining, micro-homology mediated end joining, and homology-directed repair. Here, we detail the broad spectrum of gene-editing reaction outcomes utilizing Cas9 and Cas12a in combination with single-stranded donor templates of the sense and nonsense polarity. This system offers the opportunity to see the range of outcomes of gene-editing reactions in an unbiased fashion, detailing the distribution of DNA repair outcomes as a function of a set of genetic tools. Brett Sansbury et al. show that a CRISPR-Cas complex that provides double-stranded cleavage combined with a mammalian cell-free extract can enhance non-homologous end joining and homology-directed repair. They use the system to show the range of genetic outcomes of gene-editing.
Effects of ion sputtering on plutonium surfaces

Abstract Scanning tunneling microscopy has been performed on an electro-polished gallium-stabilized delta-phase plutonium sample under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The images obtained were used to measure surface roughness as ion sputtering and annealing was applied to the plutonium sample. It was demonstrated that sputter/anneal cycles progressively increased the surface roughness of the plutonium. Additionally, Auger and scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements revealed an initially unstable and dynamically changing surface that became increasingly stable as sputter/anneal cycles were applied. The stabilized surface region contained within the sputter crater was observed to be unchanged for up to 17 months after the final sputter anneal cycle.
The Systemic Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training: A Systematic Review

# Background Blood flow restriction (BFR) training has been reported to have significant benefits on local skeletal muscle including increasing local muscle mass, strength, and endurance while exercising with lower resistance. As a result, patients unable to perform traditional resistance training may benefit from this technique. However, it is unclear what effects BFR may have on other body systems, such as the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. It is important to explore the systemic effects of BFR training to ensure it is safe for use in physical therapy. # Purpose The purpose of this study was to systematically review the systemic effects of blood flow restriction training when combined with exercise intervention. # Study Design Systematic review. # Methods Three literature searches were performed: June 2019, September 2019, and January 2020; using MedLine, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Cochrane Reviews and CINAHL Complete. Inclusion criteria included: at least one outcome measure addressing a cardiovascular, endocrinological, systemic or proximal musculoskeletal, or psychosocial outcome, use of clinically available blood flow restriction equipment, use of either resistance or aerobic training in combination with BFR, and use of quantitative measures. Exclusion criteria for articles included only measuring local or distal musculoskeletal changes due to BFR training, examining only passive BFR or ischemic preconditioning, articles not originating from a scholarly peer-reviewed journal, CEBM level of evidence less than two, or PEDro score less than four. Articles included in this review were analyzed with the CEBM levels of evidence hierarchy and PEDro scale. # Results Thirty-five articles were included in the review. PEDro scores ranged between 4 and 8, and had CEBM levels of evidence of 1 and 2. Common systems studied included cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, endocrine, and psychosocial. This review found positive or neutral effects of blood flow restriction training on cardiovascular, endocrinological, musculoskeletal, and psychosocial outcomes. # Conclusions Although BFR prescription parameters and exercise interventions varied, the majority of included articles reported BFR training to produce favorable or non-detrimental effects to the cardiovascular, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems. This review also found mixed effects on psychosocial outcomes when using BFR. Additionally, this review found no detrimental outcomes directly attributed to blood flow restriction training on the test subjects or outcomes tested. Thus, BFR training may be an effective intervention for patient populations that are unable to perform traditional exercise training with positive effects other than traditional distal muscle hypertrophy and strength and without significant drawbacks to the individual. # Level of Evidence 1b
A Metalens-Based Virtual Reality (VR) / Augmented Reality (AR) System

We demonstrated a large and RGB-achromatic metalens by novel design methods. Furthermore, we realized a compact platform for a virtual reality / augmented reality system based on an RGB metalens and a fiber scanning display.
Architecture of Integrated Source and Effect Measurement System for Researching Corona Phenomena in UHVDC Transmission Line

For studying the correlation between corona current and corona effect, measuring the source and the effect simultaneously to obtain the complete sets of data could be an ideal way. Integrated source and effect measurement system(ISEMS) is essential for this measurement. After analyzing the implementation and functionalities of ISEMS based on theories regarding to system-of-system and system architecture, a novel architecture of ISEMS is proposed. With this architecture, an ISEMS is developed allowing measurements of corona current, radio interference, audible noise, etc, and it was experimentally tested at UHVDC Test Base of the State Grid Corporation of China. It is proved that the novel ISEMS is capable of measuring corona current and audible noise in more than 20 and 12 different locations respectively, as well as the total electric field at ground level in more than 20 specified positions. The successful measurements indicate that ISEMS with the proposed architecture could be very helpful in researches of corona phenomena and hence contributes to UHV transmission projects.