cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Label-free tissue scanner for colorectal cancer screening

The current practice of surgical pathology relies on external contrast agents to reveal tissue architecture, which is then qualitatively examined by a trained pathologist. The diagnosis is based on the comparison with standardized empirical, qualitative assessments of limited objectivity. We propose an approach to pathology based on interferometric imaging of “unstained” biopsies, which provides unique capabilities for quantitative diagnosis and automation. We developed a label-free tissue scanner based on “quantitative phase imaging,” which maps out optical path length at each point in the field of view and, thus, yields images that are sensitive to the “nanoscale” tissue architecture. Unlike analysis of stained tissue, which is qualitative in nature and affected by color balance, staining strength and imaging conditions, optical path length measurements are intrinsically quantitative, i.e., images can be compared across different instruments and clinical sites. These critical features allow us to automate the diagnosis process. We paired our interferometric optical system with highly parallelized, dedicated software algorithms for data acquisition, allowing us to image at a throughput comparable to that of commercial tissue scanners while maintaining the nanoscale sensitivity to morphology. Based on the measured phase information, we implemented software tools for autofocusing during imaging, as well as image archiving and data access. To illustrate the potential of our technology for large volume pathology screening, we established an “intrinsic marker” for colorectal disease that detects tissue with dysplasia or colorectal cancer and flags specific areas for further examination, potentially improving the efficiency of existing pathology workflows.
Untangle a Broken Heart via Janus Kinase 1.

Protein homeostasis and quality control, as balanced by synthesis and degradation, is critical to cellular health and normal cardiac function. Similar to amyloid-related neurodegenerative diseases, the familial forms of amyloid cardiomyopathy are characterized by protein aggregate accumulation in cardiomyocytes. These protein aggregates trigger proteotoxicity in cardiomyocytes, leading to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction.1 Beyond these familial forms of cardiomyopathies, protein aggregation is also a common and perhaps functionally significant pathological feature in the diseased hearts induced by a variety of pathological stressors, including pressure overload and ischemia.2,3 Therefore, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of cardiac proteotoxicity induced by protein aggregation in cardiomyocytes could lead to significant progress to develop potential therapeutic interventions, not only for the rare cases of amyloid cardiomyopathies but also for the common forms of heart failure in general. Article, see p 604 In this issue, McLendon et al4 from Robbins’s laboratory performed an unbiased genome-wide screening to identify genes affecting protein aggregation in primary cardiomyocytes. Taking advantage of a previously established αB-Crystallin mutant protein (CryABR120G) which possesses a strong propensity to form desmin-related protein aggregates in cardiomyocytes,5,6 they developed a high-throughput screening platform to measure protein aggregation quantitatively based on fluorescent signal intensity from the exogenously expressed GFP (green fluorescent protein) CryAB …
Art in Early Human Evolution: Socially Driven Art Forms versus Material Art

Art is a human communicative system that relies on referential cognition of thoughts, emotions, and experiences through symbolic meanings, which explains why only humans have art and why it is ubiquitously present throughout human societies. Archaeological evidence for early material art signals presence of symbolic and abstract cognition. In early human life in Africa the symbolism afforded by group dance formation would have been more advantageous for survival than individual artistic expression, but it would not leave archaeological physical traces. Slipping into synchronized movements is a natural form of expressing interpersonal unity and symbolically signaling the members’ affiliation to the group. In sharp contrast, production of material art encourages individual virtuosity in talent, something only a select few would possess, and in this regard it is not as inclusive as group dance. It is proposed here that the early Homo sapiens relied on symbolic expressions of intermember unity through group dance. Keywords: group dance, culture, Homo sapiens, symbolic thought, abstract cognition
A systematic review of interventions for feeding-related behaviors for individuals with autism spectrum disorders

Abstract Background Feeding problems are common for individuals with ASD. Researchers have most often used single case designs, a type of design appropriate for evaluating causal relations, to assess feeding interventions. Previous reviews of effectiveness have included only peer-reviewed studies (e.g., did not include gray literature) and have not analyzed outcomes via the presence of functional relations, the primary analysis method for single case research. Method Authors reviewed peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed sources including studies designed to improve mealtime behaviors for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to determine participant characteristics, common intervention characteristics and components, and success rates (percentage of studies with functional relations). Results Studies often included individuals with ASD who were highly selective; common dependent variables were acceptance of food and problematic mealtime behaviors. Researchers, rather than indigenous adults, most often implemented studies in clinics, rather than typical settings. Interventions designed to improve acceptance had higher success rates (percentage of studies demonstrating a functional relation) than those targeting rumination/vomiting or problematic mealtime behavior. Conclusions Outcomes were more often positive for food acceptance and less often positive for problematic mealtime behavior. More research is needed, particularly in typical contexts with indigenous implementers and including component analyses, feasibility assessment, and social validity measurement. Feeding interventions should be selected based on identified caregiver priorities (e.g., focus on problematic mealtime behavior or food acceptance) and should include consideration of behavioral function and less restrictive interventions.
Historical Perspectives in Clinical Geropsychology

Throughout much of history, it was rare for persons to reach the age of 55 because of inadequate medical treatment, starvation, neglect, disease, and poor hygiene. Indeed, as recently as the 17th century the average human being could expect to live only about 35 years. Presently, however, the average life-span is approximately 75 years, largely as a result of advancements in medicine and health care. The human life-span continues to expand and will inevitably contribute to a number of problems, including the role and adjustment of senior citizens in society. Indeed, the world’s population for persons over 60 years of age is expected to burgeon beyond 1 billion within 35 years (Shuman, 1987), and approximately 30% of the general population will consist of senior citizens by the year 2030 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1987–1988). The increased proportion of elderly citizens has already brought about new social problems that have yet to be addressed. For example, there is a serious shortage of mental health professionals with adequate geriatric training. There are few training programs in university and medical settings for geropsychology (clinical psychology of older adults), and those extant are relatively underfunded. This is particularly distressing given that at least 12% of older adults in the community are estimated to have a diagnosed mental disorder (Regier et al., 1988). Further, it has been estimated that 40% to 50% of older adult medical inpatients have a concurrent psychiatric disorder (Rapp, Parisi, & Walsh, 1988).
Causation and Responsibility: Medicine, Science and the Law

The topics I shall address — causation and responsibility in medicine, science, and the law — represent a most interesting set of concepts which I believe have important areas of overlap. Unfortunately, to discuss all of these topics would require far more space than is available. I will attempt to draw on what scholars — who have thought deeply about causation in the law and in science — have written, and will argue for a unitary conception of causal explanation in medicine, in science, and in some legal contexts. I shall treat the issue of responsibility only briefly but I will argue that my unitary thesis has some interesting implications for a theory of error in medicine, and accordingly, for notions of responsibility and for malpractice law.
Chemoembolization with Drug-Eluting Beads

Primary hepatic carcinoma remains a relatively uncommon disease in North America and Western Europe (0.5–2.0% of all cancers) [1, 2]. However it remains a much larger fraction (20–40%) in developing countries and is the 5th–6th most common malignancy worldwide (approximately 5.6% of all cancers) [3, 4]. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver (70–85%) with an estimated 500 thousand to 1 million new cases annually and an associated mortality of approximately 600,000 [3, 5]. Recent studies in the USA have shown that the incidence of HCC is increasing, most likely related to chronic HCV infection [6].
Inactivation of Microorganisms with Microwaves at Reduced Temperaturas

We developed a pilot-plant nonthermal flow process using microwave energy to inactivate microorganisms. The process consists of multiple passes through the microwave generator. Each passed material goes to a receiving tank for subsequent passes. The flow rate was 0.96 to 1.26 kg/min and the dwell time per pass was 1.1 to 1.5 min. Five passes were used. The microwave energy is instantaneously and simultaneously applied to the system, and thermal energy is removed by a cooling tube within the process line in the microwave generator. The cooling tube maintains the temperature below 40 degrees C. There was significant reduction in microorganisms in water, 10% glucose solution, and apple juice, and in yeast in beer. There was a slight decrease in microorganisms in tomato juice, pineapple juice, apple cider, and beer; and no effect in skim milk.
Saltwater scavenging optimization under surrogate uncertainty for a multi-aquifer system

Abstract Surrogate-assisted simulation-optimization technique is an effective approach for identifying aquifer remediation strategies. Using surrogate models to replace high-fidelity groundwater simulation models is key to reduce computing time. Inevitably, uncertainties persist in surrogate model structure and parameters and may lead to poor accuracy in prediction. However, past studies often adopt one surrogate to capture the original model response and rarely investigate uncertainties and approximation accuracy of surrogate models. In this study, we present an ensemble surrogate modeling approach to address uncertainty in surrogate model predictions for saltwater intrusion mitigation designs using a hypothetical horizontal scavenger well. Firstly, polynomial response surface surrogate models are constructed to capture the relationship between chloride concentrations and saltwater extraction rates of a horizontal well. Secondly, a stochastic optimization model that includes multiple ensemble surrogates is developed to determine the optimal saltwater extraction schedule. Chance-constrained (CC) programming is used to account for model selection uncertainty in probabilistic nonlinear concentration constraints. Akaike information criterion correction (AICc) based Bayesian model averaging (BMA) method is adopted to determine required statistics of concentrations in the chance constraints. Finally, a set of saltwater intrusion mitigation strategies are obtained through an interior point optimization algorithm. The proposed methodology is applied to the saltwater intrusion problem in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. A high-fidelity flow and solute transport model is developed, but requires 16 h for one model run. The study shows that the developed surrogate models perform well and have strong predictive capabilities with respect to the solute transport model response, while considerably reducing computation time. Including model selection uncertainty through multimodel inference and model averaging provides more reliable remediation strategies compared with the single-surrogate assisted approach.
Hemobilia: Historical overview, clinical update, and current practices.

Hemobilia refers to macroscopic blood in the lumen of the biliary tree. It represents an uncommon, but important, cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and can have potentially lethal sequelae if not promptly recognized and treated. The earliest known reports of hemobilia date to the 17th century, but due to the relative rarity and challenges in diagnosis of hemobilia, it has historically not been well-studied. Until recently, most cases of hemobilia were due to trauma, but the majority now occur as a sequela of invasive procedures involving the hepatopancreatobiliary system. A triad (Quincke's) of right upper quadrant pain, jaundice and overt gastrointestinal bleeding has been classically described in hemobilia, but it is present in only a minority of patients. Therefore, prompt diagnosis depends critically on a high index of suspicion based on a patient's clinical presentation and a history of recently undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary intervention or having other predisposing factors. Treatment of hemobilia depends on the suspected source and clinical severity and thus ranges from supportive medical care to urgent advanced endoscopic, interventional radiologic, or surgical intervention. In the present review, we provide a historical perspective, clinical update and overview of current trends and practices pertaining to hemobilia.
Of scientists and tweets

Over the past few years, Twitter has burgeoned as a freely available worldwide platform for rapid dissemination of published and unpublished research advances, an avenue to foster collaborations without traditional boundaries and a means to educate both scientific and lay audiences. The use of social media for the dissemination of published and unpublished scientific findings has exploded over the past few years. In this Comment article, Soragni and Maitra explain some of the ways in which Twitter can be used by academics to promote their science.
Measuring Mathematics Engagement Anxiety: New Dimensions of Math Anxiety in an RMARS-Addendum.

We present a validation study of fifteen new math anxiety scale items designed to augment the widely-used Revised Mathematics Anxiety Scale (RMARS). While the RMARS and other standard instruments measure students’ anxiety in response to computation, test situations, and math course activities such as buying a textbook or watching a lecture, the new items present scenarios that reflect current pedagogical recommendations for college mathematics classrooms, specifically solving of non-routine problems and explaining thinking to peers. Anxiety in response to these kinds of scenarios we name Problem Solving Anxiety and Explanation Anxiety, respectively. With a survey sample of 132 future teachers enrolled at colleges and universities, we use exploratory factor analyses to demonstrate distinctness of these constructs from existing constructs and provide evidence for construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha for the overall scale, as well as for each dimension individually, are all between 0.9 and .95, indicating internal consistency.
The effect of tax incentives on U.S. manufacturing: Evidence from state accelerated depreciation policies

Abstract Accelerated depreciation policies decrease the cost of new investments by allowing firms to deduct the new investments from their taxable income more quickly. Countries around the world use these policies to stimulate business investment. To date, almost all empirical evidence of the effect of these policies relies on cross-industry variation in their generosity. Using a modified difference-in-differences framework, this paper estimates the effects of state adoption of federal accelerated depreciation policies on the U.S. manufacturing sector. The results based on this alternative source of quasi-experimental variation reinforce findings from the cross-industry literature and suggest that accelerated depreciation policies have large and significant effects on capital investment.
Cochlear-facial dehiscence in a pediatric patient.

Temporal bone dehiscence is an infrequent but clinically important phenomenon. Cochlear–facial dehiscence, the rarest type, has been described only in adults. We report cochlear–facial dehiscence in a child. Knowledge of this entity is imperative for radiologists searching for anatomical markers of inner ear pathology and for cochlear implant planning.
Uterine inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in pregnant women with and without involvement of the placenta: a study of 6 cases with identification of a novel TIMP3-RET fusion.

Summary Uterine inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) have been reported in association with pregnancy and, in some instances, secondarily involve the placenta. The clinicopathological spectrum of these tumors in the setting of pregnancy is not well defined. We investigated the clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical, molecular cytogenetic, and genetic features of 6 uterine IMTs occurring in pregnant women. Each tumor was discovered at parturition, and none was identified by prenatal ultrasound. Patient age ranged from 25 to 41 years (mean 31.5). Tumor size ranged from 1.5 to 9 cm (mean 4.7). Four of 6 had usual IMT features, with at least focal deciduoid change in 3. Necrosis was identified in 3 tumors; and multinucleated cells, in 3 tumors. Sex hormone receptor expression was consistent with estrogen receptor negative or focally weakly positive and progesterone receptor diffusely moderately or moderately to strongly positive in all 6 tumors. ALK immunohistochemistry was strongly positive in 5 tumors, and all of these had an ALK rearrangement detected by break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization. Subsequent RNA sequencing of these 5 tumors identified a TIMP3-ALK fusion in 4 and a THBS1-ALK in 1. In the ALK-negative tumor, RNA sequencing detected a novel TIMP3-RET fusion that was confirmed by RET break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization. Follow-up was available for 2 of 6 patients 5 and 19 months after diagnosis. Neither patient developed recurrence. ALK immunohistochemistry will distinguish most uterine IMTs, but if ALK expression and gene studies are negative, in the appropriate morphologic context, evaluation of other tyrosine kinase genes known to be more commonly altered in extrauterine IMTs such as ROS1, NTRK3, PDGFRβ, and RET may be necessary for diagnostic confirmation.
When Algorithms Err: Differential Impact of Early vs. Late Errors on Users' Reliance on Algorithms

Errors are a natural part of the development and use of predictive algorithms, but they could discourage people from relying on algorithms even when doing so could lead to better decisions. In this paper, we conduct two experiments to demonstrate that people's reliance on a predictive algorithm following a substantial error depends on when the error occurs and how the algorithm is used in decision making. We find that, when the prediction tasks are fully delegated to an algorithm, the impact of an error on reliance is different if the error occurs early versus late. While an early error results in substantial and persistent reliance reduction, a late error affects reliance only temporarily. However, when users have more control over how to use the algorithm's predictions, the risk associated with early errors decreases. Our work advances the understanding of algorithm aversion and informs the practical design of algorithmic decision-making systems.
Transitioning from Teaching to Mentoring: Supporting Students to Adopt Mentee Roles

Mentoring is an essential aspect of scientific research training across multiple academic career levels. In student research training contexts, mentoring is intertwined with expectations of increased autonomy and development of research confidence and independence. An often assumed premise of student research mentoring is that students are cognizant of the expectations of mentee-mentor interactions in research and that they are prepared to step into their new mentee role. This assumption is problematic in undergraduate research training where students may conceptualize their interactions with faculty based on student-teacher interactions they have become familiar with in their coursework. There is also indication that the present lack of structured training elements to help students navigate changing roles may especially impact underrepresented minorities in STEM education. Our contributions include reporting on the design and lessons learned from implementing a Teaching-to-Mentoring Framework comprising six professional development strategies in the context of a cohort-based research experience program. The framework aims to support this transitioning into adopting a new role, making the distinction between mentee-mentor and student-teacher interactions transparent, and enabling students to make the most of their undergraduate research experiences.
Simultaneous estimation of cluster number and feature sparsity in high-dimensional cluster analysis.

Estimating the number of clusters (K) is a critical and often difficult task in cluster analysis. Many methods have been proposed to estimate K, including some top performers using resampling approach. When performing cluster analysis in high-dimensional data, simultaneous clustering and feature selection is needed for improved interpretation and performance. To our knowledge, little has been studied for simultaneous estimation of K and feature sparsity parameter in a high-dimensional exploratory cluster analysis. In this paper, we propose a resampling method to bridge this gap and evaluate its performance under the sparse K-means clustering framework. The proposed target function balances between sensitivity and specificity of clustering evaluation of pairwise subjects from clustering of full and subsampled data. Through extensive simulations, the method performs among the best over classical methods in estimating K in low-dimensional data. For high-dimensional simulation data, it also shows superior performance to simultaneously estimate K and feature sparsity parameter. Finally, we evaluated the methods in four microarray, two RNA-seq, one SNP, and two non-omics datasets. The proposed method achieves better clustering accuracy with fewer selected predictive genes in almost all real applications.
A comparison of revascularization methods for peripheral arterial disease in diabetics: Changing trends in lower extremity revascularization from 2008 to 2014:

ObjectivesThis study examined the current demographic and outcome trends regarding endovascular and open revascularization for people with diabetes.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample database was...
Leader–follower formation stabilization and tracking control for heterogeneous planar underactuated vehicle networks

Abstract In this paper, we solve the distributed leader–follower simultaneous formation stabilization and tracking control problem for heterogeneous planar underactuated vehicle networks without global position measurements of the followers. The vehicles in the network are modeled as generic 3-DOF planar rigid bodies with two control inputs, and are allowed to have identical or non-identical dynamics. By incorporating graph theory, passivity-based control, partial stability theory, Matrosov’s theorem and the persistence of excitation concept, a smooth formation control scheme is proposed to simultaneously address the formation stabilization and formation tracking problems without switching. Moreover, the structure of the controller is relatively simple compared to the existing controllers in the literature, and thus, is practical and easy to implement. Simulations on a group of underactuated vehicles including nonholonomic mobile robots and surface vessels are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
The Pharmacy Application of the HELP System

The pharmacy application of the HELP system serves two main functions. First, the application manages medication data for inpatients at LDS Hospital. Pharmacists and nurses enter medication scheduling data into HELP and the data automatically appear on the medication administration records (Figure 13.12) and will appear on the nurses’ computerized work planner when development of the planner is complete (see Chapter 13 for further details about the planner). Medication administration data are also entered into HELP and these data are used for billing purposes. The record of administered medications is available to other HELP decision-making programs. The second major function of the pharmacy module is a computerized medication monitoring system that automatically screens the medication scheduling data and other computerized patient data for possible adverse reactions. The program screens for drug-drug, drug-lab, drug-allergy, drug-diet, and other types of interactions. Certain alerts are displayed on the video terminal at the time of medication scheduling, whereas others are displayed in reports generated at a given time each day. The hospital pharmacists are responsible for informing the physician about the alert. The pharmacy module also provides assistance with ordering TPN and calculating appropriate aminoglycoside dosages.
NUTRIENT EXCHANGE KINETICS IN WATER-SEDIMENT INTERFACE

ABSTRACT Profiles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and manganese of Narragansett Bay Sediments were established after extensive physical and chemical analyses of samples taken at various locations in the Bay. These profiles reveal the history of pollution in the Bay. Relationships between metals and the nutrients were also established. Clear trends of increasing NH3-N and available-P concentrations in deeper layers of sediments with corresponding decrease of org-C were detected. Dredging of the sediment could expose these higher NH3-N and available-P concentrations to the overlying water. Microcosm study showed that the sediments could act as a source or sink of phosphorus under various conditions. The flushing rate, phosphorus concentration in seawater and available-P in sediment dictate the amount of phosphorus release or uptake by the sediment. The seawater flushing rate increases the steady state phosphorus flux rate and vice versa. The steady state flux rate of phosphorus varies from 20 to 440 g-P/m2/hr in Narragansett Bay. No NH3-N release from Narragansett Bay sediments occurs and consequently only phosphorus is considered a potential nutrient source in the sediment.
Decidable and Undecidable Problems

Here are some examples of decision problems involving Turing machines. Is it decidable whether a given Turing machine (a) has at least 481 states? (b) takes more than 481 steps on input e? (c) takes more than 481 steps on some input? (d) takes more than 481 steps on all inputs? (e) ever moves its head more than 481 tape cells away from the left endmarker on input e? (f) accepts the null string e? (g) accepts any string at all? (h) accepts every string? (i) accepts a finite set? (j) accepts a regular set? (k) accepts a CFL? (l) accepts a recursive set? (m) is equivalent to a Turing machine with a shorter description?
Techno-economic value analysis of the role of banded amplification in evolving WDM metro network architectures

The benefits of banded amplification in metro networks are quantified from a techno-economic perspective. In current network scenarios that use WDM as point-to-point fiber relief among pairs of super-hub nodes typical banded amplification solutions like EDWAs can provide about 0.6 dBQ performance margin compared to the case of broadband amplification and offer cost benefits for low number of lit channels and slow traffic growth. As WDM enters in core and edge and enables ring (or mesh) connectivity among more than two stations fewer broadband amplifiers can be replaced since a number of channels need to just pass-through nodes and thus broadband EDFAs make more sense. As a result, the value of banded amplification drops, although from a performance point of view a significant performance margin is still possible (2-3 dBQ).
Fifty years later: Mid‐career women of color against the glass ceiling in communications organizations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine identity intersectionalities of age, ethnicity, and gender among US professional women of color working in upper management as they challenge the glass ceiling in order to change organizations from the inside out.Design/methodology/approach – Featured are narratives of 36 midlife‐aged, middle‐class African‐American, Asian‐American, and Hispanic women who have built careers in mediated message industries. Feminism and Foucauldianism provide theoretical underpinning.Findings – The findings illuminate how midlife‐aged women of color paradoxically resist and accept master narratives of “less than” in striving to change organizations and achieve their maximum potential. Organizational glass ceilings remain impenetrable, but women of color are optimistic that benefits of diverse upper‐level managements ultimately will be embraced. Moreover, overlapping public and private spheres continue to further complicate career advancement.Research limitations/implications ...
Using WinWin Quality Requirements Management Tools: A Case Study

Negotiating stakeholder WinWin relationships among software quality requirements is a technique that emerged during the 1990's in order to overcome the difficulties arising from contract-oriented specification compliance (popular in the 1970's) and service-oriented customer satisfaction (popular in the 1980's). Obstacles to adoption of negotiated win-win relationships include coordination of multiple stakeholder interests and priorities, reasoning of complicated dependencies, and scalability of an exponentially increasing resolution option space. Conflict identification and resolution techniques are key success factors to overcome the obstacles. This paper describes two exploratory knowledge-based tools (called “QARCC” and “S-COST”)* for conflict identification and resolution and how they were used in the digital library projects of a USC Software Engineering class during the 1996/97 school year. A comparative analysis with the artifacts surfaced by stakeholders and the artifacts generated and analyzed by QARCC and S-COST focused on the conflict resolution process, stakeholders' roles and their relationships to quality artifacts, and tool effectiveness. We conclude that the tools helped stakeholders: (1) surface and negotiate conflicts; (2) identify conflicts among functional and quality requirements; and (3) generate, visualize, and negotiate potential resolution options for the conflicts.
Ehlers-Danlos Type IV Presenting with a Peroneal Neuropathy (P7.331)

Background: The Ehlers-Danlos complex of connective tissue disorders are not commonly known for their neurologic symptoms. The morbidity and mortality of Ehlers-Danlos type IV (EDS type IV) can be high, primarily due to vascular complications. We present the case of a teenage girl who presented initially with neurologic symptoms suggestive of a peripheral neuropathy, prior to the development of a central arteriovenous fistula, a more typical finding of EDS type IV. Case description: The patient initially presented at the age of 15 years with findings suggestive of bilateral peroneal motor neuropathy. Electromyography and nerve conduction studies were indicative of a peroneal motor neuropathy but comprehensive genetic studies for common Charcot-Marie-Tooth mutations were negative. After two years of stable symptoms, she presented to the emergency department with unilateral throbbing headache associated with tinnitus. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed a carotid cavernous fistula, which was confirmed with conventional angiography. A successful coil embolization of the fistula was performed. Whole exome sequencing demonstrated a de novo heterozygous c.3158G>A (p.G1056D) mutation in the COL31A gene. No other significant variants related to her neurological phenotype were identified. Discussion: While peripheral neuropathies have been reported with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, neuropathies in EDS type IV are mostly in association with aneurysm rupture and resultant compression due to compartment syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of isolated peroneal motor neuropathy in a patient with EDS type IV. This case also highlights the utility of whole exome sequencing in the diagnosis of patients with neurologic symptoms who do not fit a clear phenotype. Disclosure: Dr. Ananth has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lalani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Timothy has nothing to disclose.
Relating hepatocellular carcinoma tumor samples and cell lines using gene expression data in translational research

Cancer cell lines are used extensively to study cancer biology and to test hypotheses in translational research. The relevance of cell lines is dependent on how closely they resemble the tumors being studied. Relating tumors and cell lines, and recognizing their similarities and differences are thus very important for translational research. Rapid advances in genomics have led to the generation of large volumes of genomic and transcriptomic data for a diverse set of primary cancer samples, normal tissue samples and cancer cell lines. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide, with high occurrence in Asia and sub-Saharan regions. The current effective treatments of HCC remain limited. In this work, we compared the gene expression measurements of 200 HCC tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and over 1000 cancer cell lines including 25 HCC cancer cell lines from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. We showed that the HCC tumor samples correlate closely with HCC cell lines in comparison to cell lines derived from other tumor types. We further demonstrated that the most commonly used HCC cell lines resemble HCC tumors, while we identified nearly half of the cell lines that do not resemble primary tumors. Interestingly, a substantial number of genes that are critical for disease development or drug response are either expressed at low levels or absent among highly correlated cell lines; additional attention should be paid to these genes in translational research. Our study will be used to guide the selection of HCC cell lines and pinpoint the specific genes that are differentially expressed in either tumors or cell lines.
Laying Down the Law: Post-Racialism and the De-Racination Project

This essay explores the structural inadequacy of law to deliver a post-white society. De-racination of our law has instead led to a re-entrenchment of whiteness and material white privilege in the name of post-racialism. The racial-industrial complex is both masked and benefited by the discourse of post-racialism.
Barrett and Arntzenius's Infinite Decision Puzzle

The Barrett and Arntzenius (1999) decision paradox involves unbounded wealth, the relationship between period-wise and sequence-wise dominance, and an infinite-period split-minute setting. A version of their paradox involving bounded (in fact, constant) wealth decisions is presented, along with a version involving no decisions at all. The common source of paradox in Barrett–Arntzenius and these other examples is the indeterminacy of their infinite-period split-minute setting.
Depletion of stromal cell elements in human marrow grafts separated by soybean agglutinin.

We report studies demonstrating the presence on human marrow stromal cells of binding sites for the soybean lectin (SBA). Marrow cells were separated by agglutination with SBA into an agglutinated cell (SBA+) fraction containing most mature hemic cells including T lymphocytes, and an unagglutinated cell (SBA-) fraction containing the hematopoietic stem cells. The vast majority of fibroblast colony-forming units (CFU- F) (97.2% +/- 1.1%) were in the SBA+ fraction. Mixing experiments using SBA+ and SBA- cells excluded the possibility that these results were caused by an unequal distribution of accessory cells having a regulatory effect on CFU-F growth. In the heterogeneous adherent layers of long-term marrow cultures derived from SBA+ and SBA- cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes were found almost exclusively in cultures of SBA+ marrow cells. Immunofluorescence studies with fluorescein-labeled SBA revealed the staining of cultured marrow fibroblasts. This staining was inhibited by D-galactose, which is the sugar that specifically binds to SBA. Staining of marrow-derived heterogeneous adherent layers with fluorescein-labeled SBA demonstrated that cultured endothelial cells (identified by rhodamine-labeled antibodies against factor VIII-associated protein) and early adipocytes also had surface glycoproteins binding SBA, although its density on the latter cells was much less important. Thus, our data indicate that human marrow grafts processed with soybean lectin to remove T cells are also depleted of the cellular components of the marrow stroma.
Eliminating intraclass associations in a joint transform correlator

A Sobel operator based preprocessed JTC is presented. When compared to the previously reported preprocessed JTCs, this technique is found to yield better correlation output as well as eliminate the intraclass associations in noise-free and noisy input scenes.
Charge Density-NMR Chemical Shift Correlations in Organic Ions

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses theoretical and empirical studies that emphasize the need to consider several factors in addition to linear charge polarization to interpret either proton or carbon-13 chemical shifts in terms of charge distribution. Prime among these are (1) the effect of neighboring group anisotropy on proton shifts, (2) the E2 term in proton shifts at high positive or negative charge densities, (3) the paramagnetic term in proton shifts in systems with lone pair electrons, (4) a possible reversal of slope for the carbon-1 3 shift-charge density correlation at high positive charge density, (5) the importance of bond order terms in determining carbon-13 shifts, and (6) the importance of average excitation energies (ΔE) in determining carbon-13 shifts, particularly in systems with lone pairs. The related phenomenon of ion association is reported in the cases of carbanions.
Thermoelectric Properties of TiS2 type materials

TiS2 belongs to a family of layered compounds that displays promise as a thermoelectric material. At room temperature the thermopower (a) of TiS2 displays an n-type behavior, with a magnitude of ≈ -200 μV/K. The electrical resistivity (ρ), is on the order of 1 mΩ-cm at room temperature and displays a “metallic-like” behavior with dR/dT > 0 from 300 K to 10 K. Thus, these compounds exhibit relatively large power factors (PF = α2/ρ) with a PF ∼30 μW/K2 cm at T = 300 K, which are comparable to the state-of-the art Bi2Te3 type materials, which have a PF ∼40 μW/K2, at T = 330K. These values suggest that further investigations of these systems could be profitable. Thin plate-like crystals of TiS2 are grown by the iodine vapor transport method with planar dimensions of 1 cm and thicknesses of 20 μm or more. In this synthetic approach some dopants can be integrated into the parent compound, effectively providing a route for the tuning of electronic properties. We present here some effects of elemental doping on the electronic properties in these TiS2 based materials.
Computer simulation of the structure of MZr2 liquid and amorphous alloys

In the present study, we compare the structure of NiZr2 and CuZr2 disordered (liquid and amorphous) alloys. While Cu and Ni have similar atomic radii, the formation heats of these alloys differ by more than a factor of two. Moreover, the most stable crystal phase in the CuZr2 alloy has the C11b lattice while the most stable phase in the NiZr2 alloy has the C16 lattice. Comparing these two alloys allows us to directly explore how the chemistry and atomic size affect the disordered phase structure. We find that all differences in the structures of the disordered alloys are readily explained by the smaller Ni–Zr separation driven by the higher heat of mixing and the structure of the disordered alloys does not necessarily resemble the local packing structure of their crystalline counterparts. Comparison of the disordered alloys and their most stable crystal phase structures explains the better glass formability of the CuZr2 alloy.
Immune and histopathological responses in animals vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia viruses that express individual genes of human respiratory syncytial virus.

Abstract Previous reports have established that vaccinia virus (VV) recombinants expressing G, F, or N protein of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus protect small animals against intranasal challenge with live RS virus. This work demonstrates that a variety of parameters affect the protection induced by recombinant viruses. The route of vaccination, the subtype of challenge virus, and the species used influenced the antibody titers and extent of protection. During these studies, observations were also made on the subclass of antibody generated, and pulmonary histopathological changes induced by challenge after vaccination were noted. The effect of route of inoculation on host response was examined by vaccinating mice intranasally, intraperitoneally, or by scarification with a recombinant VV expressing the RS virus G glycoprotein. Intranasal vaccination induced 25-fold-higher titers of antibody to RS virus in the lung than the intraperitoneal route did, but both routes resulted in complete suppression of virus replication after intranasal challenge 21 days after vaccination. Scarification was a less effective method of vaccination. The antibody induced by recombinant VV in mice was mostly immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) with some IgG2b. No antibody to RS virus was detected in the IgA, IgM, IgG1, or IgG3 subclass irrespective of the vaccination route. The G and F glycoproteins were shown to elicit similar subclasses of antibody. However, animals vaccinated with the G and F vectors differed strikingly in their response to challenge by heterologous virus. Mice or cotton rats vaccinated with recombinant VV carrying the G gene of RS virus were protected against challenge only with homologous subtype A virus. Vaccination with a recombinant VV expressing the F glycoprotein induced protection against both homologous and heterologous subtype B virus challenge. The protection induced in mice was greater than that detected in cotton rats, indicating that the host may also affect immunity. Finally, this report describes histological examination of mouse lungs after vaccination and challenge. Vaccinated mice that were subsequently challenged had significantly greater lung lesion scores than unvaccinated challenged mice. The lesions were primarily peribronchiolar and perivascular infiltrations of polymorphonuclear cells and lymphocytes. Further work will establish whether these pulmonary changes are a desirable immune response to virus invasion or a potential immunopathogenic hazard. The results have important implications for planning a strategy of vaccination against RS virus and emphasize potential dangers that may attend the use of recombinant VV as vaccines.
Determining the Structure of Higgs Couplings at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Higgs boson production via weak boson fusion at the CERN Large Hadron Collider has the capability to determine the dominant CP nature of a Higgs boson, via the tensor structure of its coupling to weak bosons. This information is contained in the azimuthal angle distribution of the two outgoing forward tagging jets. The technique is independent of both the Higgs boson mass and the observed decay channel.
Development of an observation method for assessing pain behaviors in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Objective. To develop an observation method for assessing pain behaviors in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Methods. Thirty children with JRA performed a standardized sequence of activities for video recording, and correlations between the pain behaviors observed on the videotapes and established measures of pain, depression, and functional disability were determined. Results. Pain behaviors were reliably observed (kappa coefficients 0.53-0.79). Total pain behaviors were significantly correlated with subjective reports of pain (r = 0.50) and disability levels (r = 0.64). These behaviors were not significantly associated with children's depression ratings (r = 23). Conclusion. The results indicate that the behavioral observation method provides a reliable and valid measure of pain associated with JRA. Measurement of pain behaviors may be especially useful in treatment outcome studies because these behaviors are relatively independent of depression.
Short latency activation of cortex by clinically effective thalamic brain stimulation for tremor.

Deep brain stimulation relieves disabling symptoms of neurologic and psychiatric diseases when medical treatments fail, yet its therapeutic mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that ventral intermediate nucleus stimulation for essential tremor activates cortex at short latencies and that this potential is related to suppression of tremor in the contralateral arm. We measured cortical activity with electroencephalography in 5 subjects (7 brain hemispheres) across a range of stimulator settings, and reversal of the anode and cathode electrode contacts minimized the stimulus artifact, allowing visualization of brain activity. Regression quantified the relationship between stimulation parameters and both the peak of the short latency potential and tremor suppression. Stimulation generated a polyphasic event related potential in ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex with peaks at discrete latencies beginning less than one millisecond after stimulus onset (mean latencies 0.9±0.2, 5.6±0.7, and 13.9±1.4 milliseconds, denoted R1, R2, and R3, respectively). R1 showed more fixed timing than the subsequent peaks in the response (p<0.0001, Levene’s test), and R1 amplitude and frequency were both closely associated with tremor suppression (p<0.0001, respectively). These findings demonstrate that effective ventral intermediate nucleus thalamic stimulation for essential tremor activates cerebral cortex at approximately one millisecond after the stimulus pulse. The association between this short latency potential and tremor suppression suggests that deep brain stimulation may improve tremor by synchronizing the precise timing of discharges in nearby axons, and by extension the distributed motor network, to the stimulation frequency or one of its subharmonics.
Ion transport and vibrational spectra of branched polymer and dendrimer electrolytes

Solid electrolytes were prepared by the introduction of Li[(CF3SO2)2N] into amorphous branched polymers and dendritic macromolecular hosts. These materials exhibit high ionic conductivity, but high concentrations of salt increase the glass transition temperatures, with an attendant decrease in ionic conductivity.