cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Macromolecular covalent binding of [14C]nitrobenzene in the erythrocyte and spleen of rats and mice

Nitrobenzene exposure is known to produce red blood cell damage as well as engorgement and sinusoidal congestion of the spleen in male Fischer-344 (F-344) rats but not in male B6C3F1 mice. These studies were conducted to investigate the species differences in the covalent binding of [14C]nitrobenzene in the erythrocyte and spleen and to assess the contribution of nitrobenzene-induced erythrocytic damage to the splenic effects. Total and covalently bound 14C concentrations in erythrocytes of rats were 6-13 times greater than those of mice following a single oral dose of 75, 150, 200 or 300 mg/kg [14C]nitrobenzene, suggesting that species differences in nitrobenzene-induced red blood cell toxicity may be related to differences in erythrocytic accumulation of nitrobenzene and its metabolites. Covalently bound 14C in erythrocytes of rats peaked 24 h following administration of 200 mg [14C]nitrobenzene/kg; in contrast, bound radiolabel in erythrocytes from mice plateaued at 10 h. Splenic engorgement increased in a time-related manner in treated rats but not in mice. Species specificity was also observed in the accumulation of bound radiolabel in the spleen. Gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of lysed, dialyzed erythrocytes from treated rats revealed that hemoglobin was the primary, if not the exclusive, site of macromolecular covalent binding following nitrobenzene treatment. SDS-PAGE of dialyzed rat spleens revealed that 82% of total bound 14C migrated identically to hemoglobin. These data indicate that covalent binding of [14C]nitrobenzene and its metabolites in the spleen is primarily derived from bound 14C from scavenged erythrocytes. Therefore, the species differences in splenic engorgement and accumulation of [14C]nitrobenzene may be related to differences in susceptibility to nitrobenzene-induced red blood cell damage.
Further studies on the limiting amino-acids differently processed groundnut meals†

Different samples of groundnut meal were fed to growing chicks and supplemented factorially with the three amino-acids lysine, methionine and threonine. There were appreciable differences among the samples in terms of their growth-promoting properties and the order of amino-acid limitation. In a comparison of differently processed groundnuts from the same fresh supply, it was found that a solvent-extracted preparation was equally limiting in all three amino-acids and responded only to the triple-supplementation. An expeller pressed meal, as well as an expeller and solvent-extracted preparation was first limiting in lysine but responded differently to other combinations of the three amino-acids. Amino-acid analysis of the different groundnut samples indicated differences, particularly a lower sulphur-containing amino-acid content for solvent-extracted meals. All of the groundnut meals tested had a lower lysine content than those reported in the literature.
DIRICHLET FORMS ON HYPERFINITE II1 FACTOR

Based on the structure of hyperfinite II1 factor, we study its Dirichlet forms which can be constructed from Dirichlet forms on M2n(ℂ).
Un a iransform theory involving whittaker functions

On demontre un theoreme de type Kontorooit-Lebedev contenant certaines fonctions de Whittaker
Rotational diffusion of organic solutes: the role of dielectric friction in polar solvents and electrolyte solutions

Abstract Experimental and computer simulation studies of the rotational relaxation of organic solutes in polar organic solvents and electrolyte solutions are used to investigate the role of solute-solvent dielectric friction. These studies are used to explore the boundaries of applicability for continuum based models of the dielectric frictional coupling and to identify the important molecular mechanisms that define these boundaries. These investigations explore the importance of the solute charge distribution, solvent structure, ion pairing, and hydrogen bonding.
VLSI device phenomena in dynamic memory and their application to technology development and device design

Ever-increasing density poses significant challenges to the device designer, who must relate an integrated technology to the numerous electrical characteristics required for successful memory design. Success of a VLSI technology depends as much on the extensive design of small devices as on the sophisticated lithography with which to fabricate them. Several dimensional limitations arise from the electrical characteristics both of intentionally switching devices and of possible parasitic devices. Account must be taken of threshold dependence on both channel length and width. Furthermore, any isolation scheme must not introduce leakage from the storage node, such as parasitic subthreshold and low-level punch-through currents. Hot electron emission depends on both horizontal and vertical dimensions and must be minimized to guarantee the requisite long-term device behavior. This paper will briefly discuss the physical origins of the above fundamental device phenomena, their influence on SAMOS device design, and implications for future memory technologies.
Fast Detection Of Residual Stresses By Shearography

A modified shearographic (speckle-shearing) method for the rapid detection of residual stress in elastic engineering materials and components has been introduced. A coherent monochromatic light source (laser) is required to enable interference fringes to appear in the recording medium as a result of path length changes occurring between the two separate exposures during the evaluation. The path length change is a function of the objects surface displacement. The method employs a special image-shearing camera permitting quasi-full field measurement of surface displacement. A surface displacement, which occurs due to altering the specimen surface in the test area between the two exposures of a double exposure method, produces a fringe pattern which is visible using a high-pass Fourier filtering device. The viewed fringe pattern is directly related to stresses that are changed due to the surface alteration. The stresses altered are those present due to either a live-load or those resident in the specimen.
Evaluation of Nebraska Waxy Sorghum Hybrids for Ethanol Production

ABSTRACT To evaluate the ethanol production performance of waxy sorghum hybrids and the effects of location and harvest year on ethanol yield, samples of four waxy sorghum hybrids collected from two Nebraska locations (Mead and Lincoln) in both 2009 and 2010 were tested for ethanol production in a dry-grind process. No significant difference (P = 0.216) in starch contents was observed among the four hybrids, but starch contents of the hybrids were significantly affected by growth location (P = 0.0001) and harvest year (P = 0.0258). Location, hybrid, and harvest year all had significant effects on ethanol fermentation efficiency in the dry-grind process. Lincoln sorghum samples showed higher (P = 0.022) ethanol fermentation efficiency (90.4%) than did Mead sorghum samples (90.0%). Sorghums harvested in 2010 had higher (P < 0.001) ethanol fermentation efficiency (91.1%) than those harvested in 2009 (89.3%). The 2009 sorghum flours had more amylose-lipid complexes than the 2010 samples did, and amylose-lipid...
On the chemistry of grain boundary segregation and grain boundary fracture

This paper considers the problem of impurity segregation in metals and the effect of these impurities on grain boundary cohesion. The primary goal of this paper is to provide a physical model that will allow us to think about these two processes. We describe both of them in chemical terms. Segregation is treated as a distribution of a solute between two phases. In this way, it is a typical example of heterogeneous equilibrium. We also consider the various driving forces for solute segregation and find that the correlation between decreased solubility and increased segregation, first proposed by Hondros and Seah,[9] is still an adequate one. We introduce the discussion of grain boundary fracture by pointing out that as the impurity enters the boundary, it establishes chemical bonds with the structural units of the boundary. The segregated boundary can then be thought of as a string of molecular units with bonds of different types. Some of these bonds will be weaker than others, and they will be the ones that eventually fracture when a stress is applied. We consider the cause of these weak bonds and suggest that the primary reason for them is the transfer of electronic charge from the metal atoms to the impurity, as proposed in previous work.[3] However, some of the ideas in the earlier models should be amended based on new results obtained from the quantum mechanical analysis of bonding in metals presented by McAdon and Goddard.[10,11] We also suggest that intergranular brittleness of intermetallic compounds such as Ni3Al, which occurs in the absence of impurity segregation, can be explained by the charge distribution present at the grain boundary. Finally, we provide a critique of other models that have been used to describe grain boundary fracture and segregation.
Research science, regulatory science, and nutrient databases: achieving an optimal convergence Capstone Lecture

Abstract The compelling practical applications of nutrient databases, and the technical challenges in their development, often divert attention from their underlying research basis. Nutrient databases are, in fact, the publications of research projects that draw on the methodology of analytical chemistry, sampling statistics, and information technology in order to answer a core question: “What is the nutrient content of the food supply?” The responsibility for addressing this question, and for conducting the ensuing research, is typically assigned to governmental entities, especially for databases that are reflective of national food supplies. This responsibility reflects the key role of nutrient data in public health decision-making. At their best, nutrient databases can represent an optimal convergence of the characteristics of both “research science,” which seeks to increase knowledge of natural phenomena and processes, and “regulatory science,” which provides the knowledge base needed for policy-making and other government work. These two categories of research have many commonalities, such as their scientific methodology, even though they differ in their sites of performance and affiliated institutions, their operational procedures, and their standards of accountability. A good example of this convergence is found in the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program and its various ancillary projects (databases on fluoride, choline, phytonutrients, Native American/Alaska Native foods, commodity foods, and dietary supplements). Confirmed validity of the findings, enhanced trust in the results, strengthened political and public support, and funding that underwrites the capacity for high scientific standards, are all potential benefits of acknowledging the simultaneous research and regulatory science aspects of nutrient databases.
Surface Effects on Cation Transport across Porous Alumina Membranes

Transport behavior of monovalent and divalent solutes across mesoporous Anopore γ-alumina membranes was investigated as a function of pore diameter, pH, ionic strength, and nature of the salt or co...
The Misery Index and Suicide

From 1958-1992, the original misery index predicted the American suicide rate better than did a revised misery index. Language: en
What causes the excessive response of clear‐sky greenhouse effect to El Niño warming in Community Atmosphere Models?

[1] To diagnose the causes of an excessive response of the clear-sky greenhouse effect to El Nino warming in the Community Atmosphere Models (CAMs), the response of both water vapor and temperature to El Nino warming in the models is examined as a function of height. The percentage response of water vapor to El Nino warming in the models is considerably stronger than the response in the NCEP reanalysis in the middle and upper troposphere (700–300 mbar). The maximum discrepancy with NCEP data at 500 mbar reaches 18%/K in CAM3. The discrepancy in the temperature response between the models and NCEP data at all tropospheric levels is within 0.3 K/K, with the maximum discrepancy occurring in the immediate neighborhood of 600 mbar. The comparison between the models and ERA-40 reanalysis leads to the similar results. Employing a radiative model, we have calculated the contributions of the excessive water vapor response in the middle and upper troposphere and the contributions from the differences in the lapse rate response to the discrepancies seen in the clear-sky greenhouse effect. The results confirm that the main cause of the excessive response of the clear-sky greenhouse effect is an excessive response of water vapor in the middle and upper troposphere. The excessive response of upper tropospheric water vapor is found to be accompanied with an excessive response in the upper cloud cover and vertical motion. Biases in both phases of ENSO contribute to these excessive responses to ENSO.
Internet-based workflows: a paradigm for dynamically reconfigurable desktop environments

The Internet-based desktop environment as defined in this paper consists of a cross-platform browser, a number of server icons (host nodes), a number of application icons (program nodes) and a number of data iwns’(file nodes). In contrast to typical desktops of today, where data icons may be dragged and dropped onto application icons for execution, this environment allows (I) user-defined and reconfigurable execution sequences by creating dependency edges between program nodes (application icons) and file nodes (data icons); (2) data-dependent execution sequences by dynamic scheduling of path as well as loop executions; (3) host-transparency as to the location of applications and data (60th can reside on any host with a unique IP address). We argue that the Internet-based workflow paradigm is suitable for creation of dynamically reco;lfigurable desktop environments. The summary of 450 Internet-based expen’ments demonstrates (1) the value of making the desktop recordable, and (2) the feasibility of rendering it collaborative.
AEROSOL EXPOSURE OF WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS) TO MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS

Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis affects both captive and free-ranging Cervidae in the United States. Various animal models have been developed to study tuberculosis of both humans and animals. Generally, tuberculosis is transmitted by aerosol and oral routes. Models of aerosol exposure of large animals to M. bovis are uncommon. In order to develop a reliable method of aerosol exposure of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to M. bovis, 12 healthy white-tailed deer, aged 8–10 mo, were infected by aerosol exposure to 2×105 to 1×106 colony forming units (CFU) (high dose, n=4) of M. bovis or 6×102 to 1.6×103 CFU (low dose, n=8) of M. bovis. Tuberculous lesions were more widely disseminated in deer receiving the high dose, while lesions in deer receiving the low dose were more focused on the lungs and associated lymph nodes (tracheobronchial and mediastinal). Aerosol delivery of M. bovis to white-tailed deer results in a reliable manner of experimental infection that may be useful for studies of...
Deuteron formation in nuclear collisions

Abstract Deuteron production cross sections are calculated from an intranuclear cascade model for Ne + U and Ar + Ca at 400 MeV/ A . In effect, there are no adjustable parameters in this calculation. The parameters of the cascade code are fixed by sum charged inclusive data. Furthermore, the high momentum deuteron inclusive distribution is found to be insensitive to the details of the deuteron wave function. This latter observation leads to a justification of a generalized coalescence formula involving both momentum and spatial coordinates. Satisfactory agreement is found between our calculations and both the untriggered and high multiplicity triggered inclusive spectra of deuterons with energies ⩾50 MeV/ A .
Endocytosis and sorting of glycosphingolipids in sphingolipid storage disease

Recent studies on the endocytic itinerary of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in sphingolipid storage disease (SLSD) fibroblasts have yielded new insights into the mechanisms underlying the endocytosis and intracellular sorting of lipids in normal and disease cells. Here we highlight new data on clathrin-independent endocytosis of GSLs, the involvement of sphingolipid-cholesterol interactions in perturbation of endocytic trafficking, and potential roles for rab proteins in regulation of GSL transport in SLSDs.
Evidence for automatic accessing of constructional meaning: Jabberwocky sentences prime associated verbs

A central question within psycholinguistics is where sentences get their meaning. While it has been shown that phrasal constructions are readily associated with specific meanings, it remains unclear whether this meaning is accessed automatically, in the sense of being accessed quickly, and without reflection or explicit instruction. In this study, participants performed a lexical decision task on individual target words which were preceded by abstract skeletal constructions devoid of any meaningful open-class items. For example, an instance of a ditransitive prime was, He daxed her the norp. Three target words corresponded to the hypothesised meaning of each construction; that is, semantically congruent words for the English ditransitive were give, handed, and transferred. We found significant priming effects for congruent over incongruent target words, both for associated targets (which occur regularly within the construction: e.g., give and handed), and to a lesser extent, for target words that are sema...
Identification of metabolic intermediates in microbial degradation of phenol using laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Laser desorption time-of-flight (LD-TOF) mass spectrometry was utilized to determine the metabolic intermediates in microbial degradation of phenol. The identified components were in good agreement with the well-documented pathway. This technique also demonstrated excellent precision. Analytical merits, instrumentation and methodology are discussed.
The use of electromyogram biofeedback to reduce Trendelenburg gait

Ten subjects suffering from incomplete spinal cord injuries, clinically diagnosed as walking with Trendelenburg gait, underwent a 2 month therapy program to strengthen their muscles and reduce their gait abnormalities. Therapy involved muscle strengthening and gait training for 2 h a day, 5 days a week in a clinic. Biofeedback was also accomplished for 30 min each training day on all subjects. In addition, five of the subjects wore a two-channel electromyogram (EMG) biofeedback training device at home to see if neuromuscular re-education outside of the clinical setting could speed their recovery. The difference for these five subjects was that they would have continuous biofeedback therapy every time they walked and not biofeedback limited to only 30 min a day. Since weakness of the gluteus medius muscles is the prime contributor to Trendelenburg gait, the device provided warning tones giving feedback of improper gait through bilateral assessment of the use of the gluteus medius muscles. If too little gluteus medius activity was seen on the affected side or the step was too short in duration, the microprocessor provided an audio cue to the subjects alerting them to correct the deficit. Subjects only undergoing clinical therapy showed about a 50% reduction in hip drop due to therapy. However, the group that used the home training device showed almost normal gait after the 2 month period.
A River Valley Segment Classification of Michigan Streams Based on Fish and Physical Attributes

Abstract Water resource managers are frequently interested in river and stream classification systems to generalize stream conditions and establish management policies over large spatial scales. We used fish assemblage data from 745 river valley segments to develop a two-level, river valley segment-scale classification system of rivers and streams throughout Michigan. Regression tree analyses distinguished 10 segment types based on mean July temperature and network catchment area and 26 segment types when channel gradient was also considered. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses suggested that fish assemblages differed among segment types but were only slightly influenced by channel gradient. Species that were indicative of specific segment types generally had habitat requirements that matched segment attributes. A test of classification strength using fish assemblage data from an additional 77 river valley segments indicated that the classification system performed significantly better than random...
Nature and Empire in Ottoman Egypt: An Environmental History

Alan Mikhail, Nature and Empire in Ottoman Egypt: An Environmental History (2011), xxv+ 347 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, £55.00/$95.00). Alan Mikhail's Nature and Empire is ...
Sebaceous adenoma of the parotid gland in a 2-year-old male

Sebaceous adenomas of the major salivary glands are uncommon tumors. Although sebaceous differentiation within the major salivary glands is a frequent histopathologic finding (approximately 20% to 42% of parotid glands 1-3 ), sebaceous neoplasms of salivary gland origin are not. A number of publications review the clinical and histologic features of sebaceous neoplasms, however, these reports focus on adult patients. The finding of these tumors in a pediatric patient is exceedingly rare. 4 We present a case
Export Platforms and the Industry-Specific FDI-Trade Relationship

This paper examines how the industry-level FDI-export sales relationship is affected by the host nation’s status as an “export platform” (EP). Using Japanese FDI and export sales data into 35 host countries during the period 1989-1998 for 7 ISIC 2-digit industries, we find that the FDI-export sales relationship is industry-specific and sensitive to the host’s export platform status. Without accounting for the host’s EP status, we find a complementary relationship between FDI and export sales in some industries and a substitution between FDI and export sales in others. However, accounting for the host’s EP status changes the FDI-export sales relationship in several industries, implying that the FDI-export sales interaction is sensitive to the EP status of the FDI host countries.
Stability or Rigidity: Management, Boards of Directors, and the Newspaper Industry’s Financial Collapse

This article examines the composition of the top management of publicly traded newspaper companies and the make-up of their boards of directors before and after the industry experienced the worst financial collapse in its history. It is the contention of this article that (1) the management of publicly traded newspaper com- panies failed to position their companies to deal with the economic challenges of the Internet and, as a result, their investors lost bil- lions of dollars; (2) this failure coupled with the incredible size of investor losses should have resulted in leadership changes at these companies, especially as investors demanded action to deal with company losses; (3) changes in top management positions should have occurred at an accelerated rate as companies brought aboard executives with the necessary expertise to deal with the new busi- ness environment; and (4) boards of directors likewise should have changed as directors with new expertise were added to better plan the strategic direction of their companies. ACCESS TO FULL TEXT
An interval-based temporal calculus for events with gaps

Abstract Traditional interval-based representations of time assume interval convexity, i.e., that intervals are uninterrupted. This assumption makes it difficult to represent the common sense notion of a single event with ‘gaps’. Having a representation of this species of event contributes favorably to the ability of the human or machine to solve certain tasks, such as planning or database retrieval. This paper defines two kinds of discourse and knowledge object which comprise collections of convex intervals. Although other researchers have suggested the need for a relaxation of the assumption of convexity in event representation, there has been no attempt to offer a concise representation of gapped events. The formulation employed here to introduce gapped events is an extension of James Allen's interval-based approach to time representation. Allen's calculus of thirteen binary relations defined between two convex intervals is generalized to a matrix of binary relations between each pair of subintervals o...
Ovarian Neoplasms in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: Understanding the Role of Prophylactic Oophorectomy

Although the role of prophylactic oophorectomy is currently under debate and not well defined, it is of increasing and considerable relevance, especially in premenopausal women, particularly those with identifiable hereditary cancer syndromes. Patients with colorectal cancer with ovarian metastases are often symptomatic, require surgery, and have poor survival. Prophylactic oophorectomy abolishes the increased risk of primary ovarian cancer in these patients, resects synchronous metastases, and prevents development of metachronous ovarian metastases. Prophylactic oophorectomy trials, mostly conducted in postmenopausal women, have not shown survival advantage. In patients with ovarian metastases of colorectal cancer, maximal cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant therapy employing newer chemotherapeutic agents, whole abdominal irradiation with chemosensitization, or hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy may improve outcomes in selected patients.
A Multi-Hit Drift Time Digitizer

We describe electronics for a drift chamber which measures drift times and has multi-hit capability. The system is based on a stable (± 0.005%) 125 MHz clock which eliminates the need for frequent calibrations. The times are digitized according to a Gray code in order to restrict transition errors to the least significant bit. The least count is 4 ns which contributes an rms error of 58 ?m to the measurement of drift distance.
CD47 Is Necessary for Inhibition of Nitric Oxide-stimulated Vascular Cell Responses by Thrombospondin-1

CD36 is necessary for inhibition of some angiogenic responses by the matricellular glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 and is therefore assumed to be the receptor that mediates its anti-angiogenic activities. Although ligation of CD36 by antibodies, recombinant type 1 repeats of thrombospondin-1, or CD36-binding peptides was sufficient to inhibit nitric oxide (NO)-stimulated responses in both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, picomolar concentrations of native thrombospondin-1 similarly inhibited NO signaling in vascular cells from wild-type and CD36-null mice. Ligation of the thrombospondin-1 receptor CD47 by recombinant C-terminal regions of thrombospondin-1, thrombospondin-1 peptides, or CD47 antibodies was also sufficient to inhibit NO-stimulated phenotypic responses and cGMP signaling in vascular cells. Thrombospondin-1 did not inhibit NO signaling in CD47-null vascular cells or NO-stimulated vascular outgrowth from CD47-null muscle explants in three-dimensional cultures. Furthermore, the CD36-binding domain of thrombospondin-1 and anti-angiogenic peptides derived from this domain failed to inhibit NO signaling in CD47-null cells. Therefore, ligation of either CD36 or CD47 is sufficient to inhibit NO-stimulated vascular cell responses and cGMP signaling, but only CD47 is necessary for this activity of thrombospondin-1 at physiological concentrations.
Abstract 2817: An RNA aptamer is a potential biomarker for pancreatic cancer

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Introduction: The symptoms of pancreatic cancer are usually non-specific and late. Existing tumor markers (such as CA19-9 and CEA) are neither sensitive nor specific enough to serve as useful screening tests. Tools for earlier detection could increase the proportion of patients who are cured with surgical resection. Aptamers are oligonucleotide ligands that are identified from large libraries of RNA or DNA molecules using an iterative selection process known as SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment). Aptamers bind their specific targets with high affinity and specificity and can be used for the dual purpose of identifying novel biomarkers and detecting them in biological specimens. Methods: In order to select for aptamers against molecules that are selectively secreted by cancerous cells but not by normal cells, “positive/negative” SELEX was performed using the conditioned media (the “secretome”) of the MiaPaCa2 human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line (positive selection) and the immortalized, non-cancerous human pancreatic ductal cell line HPDE (negative selection). Standard radioactive filter-based binding assays were used to measure binding. Results/Conclusion: We have successfully selected several nuclease resistant (2′-fluoro-modified) RNA aptamers that differentially bind the secretome of pancreatic cancer cells compared to non-cancerous cells. One of the aptamers (M9-5) binds pancreatic cancer patient sera with high affinity compared to control sera collected from healthy donors. So far, the aptamer has demonstrated specific binding in 20 of 22 patients with histologically-proven pancreatic cancer and none of 20 healthy donors. In addition, paired serum samples obtained from two patients pre- and post-chemoradiation therapy and one patient pre- and two months post-resection have demonstrated a decrease in M9-5 binding with decreased tumor burden. Notably, the serum CA19-9 and CEA levels in several of these patients were normal, indicating that our biomarker might be more sensitive than these existing serum biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. M9-5 binding to the MiaPaCa2 “secretome” is sensitive to Proteinase K treatment indicating that the aptamer target is a protein. Currently, we are using a biotinylated version of the aptamer to affinity purify the target and identify it by mass-spectrometric techniques. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2817. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2817
Effective Collision Strengths for Electron Impact Excitation of N I

Abstract We have calculated electron collisional excitation strengths for transitions among the 18 LS states 2 s 2 2 p 3 4 S o , 2 D o , 2 P o ; 2 s 2 2 p 2 ( 3 P )3 s 4 P , 2 P ; 2 s 2 p 4 4 P ; 2 s 2 2 p 2 ( 3 P )3 p 2 S o , 4 D o , 4 P o , 4 S o , 2 D o , 2 P o ; 2 s 2 2 p 2 ( 1 D )3 s 2 D ; 2 s 2 2 p 2 ( 3 P )4 s 4 P , 2 P ; and 2 s 2 2 p 2 ( 3 P )3 d 2 P , 4 P , 2 D of N I using the R -matrix method. These states are represented by fairly extensive configuration-interaction wave functions. The 18 LS states give rise to 40 fine-structure levels. The calculated excitation energies agree well with the measured values. The collision strengths for fine-structure transitions are obtained using an algebraic transformation to intermediate coupling. The collision strengths are integrated over a Maxwellian distribution of electron energies to obtain effective collision strengths over a wide temperature range from 1000 to 600,000 K. The effective collision strengths obtained are tabulated for transitions among the lowest 12 LS states.
Effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin, human chorionic gonadotropin, and laparoscopic artificial insemination on embryo, endocrine, and luteal characteristics in the domestic cat.

The effects of gonadotropin treatment and laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI) on embryo quality, serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations, and luteal progesterone content were examined in the domestic cat. These data were compared to similar historical data reported for naturally estrual, mated queens. All queens in this study (n = 32) were treated with eCG followed by 1) natural breeding (eCG-NB), 2) NB and hCG (eCG-NB-hCG), 3) NB and a sham AI procedure (eCG-NB-sham AI), or 4) hCG and actual AI (eCG-hCG-AI). Queens ovulating in response to treatment were ovariohysterectomized, and oviducts and uteri were flushed to collect embryos. Ovarian structures were recorded, corpora lutea (CL) were excised and evaluated for progesterone content, and serum was analyzed for estradiol-17beta and progesterone. Follicle and CL numbers ranged from 0 to 28 and 2 to 42 per cat, respectively, and treatment means did not differ (p > or = 0.05) among groups. Embryos were recovered from oviducts and uterine horns in all treatment groups, and recovery ranged from 60-96%. Mean embryo number per queen ranged from 8.2 +/- 2.6 to 23.2 +/- 3.8 and did not differ (p > or = 0.05) among groups. However, the proportions of unfertilized oocytes were greater (p or = 0.05) among treatments. Compared to historical controls (naturally estrual, mated queens), eCG-NB queens produced > 4 times as many good-quality embryos and blastocysts. Similarly, eCG-hCG-AI-treated queens produced > 4 times the number of oocytes and embryos, although a high proportion of these were poor quality and did not develop to blastocysts. Together, these results indicate that queens treated with eCG are capable of consistently producing many good-quality embryos, at least half of which develop to blastocysts in culture. These data support the use of eCG in felids and suggest that other factors are responsible for reduced pregnancy success and small litter sizes following assisted reproduction.
Deformation-induced martensite and nanotwins by cryogenic laser shock peening of AISI 304 stainless steel and the effects on mechanical properties

Laser shock peening (LSP) of stainless steel 304 was carried out at room and cryogenic temperature (liquid nitrogen temperature). It was found that the deformation-induced martensite was generated by LSP only when the laser-generated plasma pressure is sufficiently high. Compared to room temperature laser shock peening (RT-LSP), cryogenic laser shock peening (CLSP) generates a higher volume fraction of martensite at the same laser intensity. This is due to the increase in the density of potential embryos (deformation bands) for martensite nucleation by deformation at cryogenic temperature. In addition, CLSP generates a high density of deformation twins and stacking faults. After CLSP, an innovative microstructure, characterised by networks of deformation twins, stacking faults and composite structure (martensite and austenite phases), contributes to material strength and microstructure stability improvement. The combined effect of higher surface hardness and a more stabilised microstructure results in gre...
Erythropoietic precursors in mice with phenylhydrazine‐induced anemia

Using a methylcellulose cell culture technique, we studied the serial changes in erythropoietic precursors in the femur, spleen, and blood of mice under erythropoietic stimuli. Phenylhdrazine hydrochloride, in the dosage of 60 mg/kg, was injected into mice subcutaneously on days 0, 1, and 3, and mice were sacrified on days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 10 for assessment of erythropoietic precursors. Significant changes were observed for all hemopoietic organs in the number of erythrocytic burst-forming units (BFU-E) and erythrocytic colony-forming units (CFU-E). Only BFU-E were present in blood, and their maximal increase was noted on day 2. While marrow BFU-E continuously decreased, maximal increase of CFU-E noted on day 4. Splenic BFU-E and CFU-E increased until day 4 and declined subsequently. These observations suggest the presence of significant migration of BFU-E in mice under erythropoietic stimuli and stress the importance of studies on all hemopoietic organs in the assessment of murine hemopoiesis.
The Best Excitement in Age-related Macular Degeneration

NATURE GENETICS Identification of the Gene Responsible for Best Macular Dystrophy Konstantin Petrukhin, Markus J. Koisti, Benjamin Bakall, Wen Li, Guochun Xie, Towa Marknell, Ola Sandgren, Kristina Forsman, Gosta Holmgren, Sten Andreasson, Mihailo Vujic, Arthur A. B. Bergen, Valarie McGarty-Dugan, David Figueroa, Christopher P. Austin, Michael L. Metzker, C. Thomas Caskey, Claes Wadelius Best macular dystrophy (BMD), also known as vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD2; OMIM 153700), is an autosomal dominant form of macular degeneration characterized by an abnormal accumulation of lipofuscin within and beneath the retinal pigment epithelium cells. In pursuit of the disease gene, we limited the minimum genetic region by recombination breakpoint analysis and mapped to this region a novel retina-specific gene (VMD2). Genetic mapping data, identification of 5 independent disease-specific mutations and expression studies provide evidence that mutations within the candidate gene are a cause of BMD. The 3‘ UTR of the candidate gene contains a region of antisense complementarity to the 3‘ UTR of the ferritin heavy-chain gene (FTH1), indicating the possibility of antisense interaction between VMD2 and FTH1 transcripts. 1998;19:241.
Regulation of Splicing by SR proteins and SR Protein-Specific Kinases

Genomic sequencing reveals similar but limited numbers of protein-coding genes in different genomes, which begs the question of how organismal diversities are generated. Alternative pre-mRNA splicing, a widespread phenomenon in higher eukaryotic genomes, is thought to provide a mechanism to increase the complexity of the proteome and introduce additional layers for regulating gene expression in different cell types and during development. Among a large number of factors implicated in the splicing regulation are the SR protein family of splicing factors and SR protein-specific kinases. Here, we summarize the rules for SR proteins to function as splicing regulators, which depend on where they bind in exons versus intronic regions, on alternative exons versus flanking competing exons, and on cooperative as well as competitive binding between different SR protein family members on many of those locations. We review the importance of cycles of SR protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in the splicing reaction with emphasis on the recent molecular insight into the role of SR protein phosphorylation in early steps of spliceosome assembly. Finally, we highlight recent discoveries of SR protein-specific kinases in transducing growth signals to regulate alternative splicing in the nucleus and the connection of both SR proteins and SR protein kinases to human diseases, particularly cancer.
Evolution of automation in terminal air traffic control

The Evolution of Automation In Terminal Air Traffic Control was written to provide the reader with an overview of the why, when and how of the needs of air traffic controllers in the terminal. This paper compares systems and a decision to award contracts. This paper contains a description of the subsystems used at ARTS III facilities and its capability for expansion. Attachments to this paper show a radar display, an ARTS III display, a system design and a work flow-through design, basically how it works.
Renal cell carcinoma in a transplanted kidney: MR imaging findings

We report the MR findings of a 42-year-old man who developed renal cell carcinoma in an allograft kidney, 10 years after transplantation. The lower pole of the transplant kidney showed a solid lesion which was well shown on the post gadolinium fat suppressed images as a heterogeneously enhancing 2 cm mass lesion.
Mechanisms of Tropical Atlantic SST Influence on North American Precipitation Variability

Abstract The dynamical mechanisms associated with the impact of year-to-year variability in tropical North Atlantic (TNA) sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on North American precipitation, during the cold and warm halves of the hydrological year (October–September) are examined. Observations indicate that during both seasons warmer-than-normal TNA SSTs are associated with a reduction of precipitation over North America, mainly west of ∼90°W, and that the effect can be up to 30% of the year-to-year seasonal precipitation RMS variability. This finding confirms earlier studies with observations and models. During the cold season (October–March) the North American precipitation variability associated with TNA fluctuations is considerably weaker than its association with ENSO. During the warm season (April–September), however, the Atlantic influence, per one standard deviation of SST anomalies, is larger than that of ENSO. The observed association between TNA SST anomalies and global and North American precipita...
Effect of Shock-Capturing Errors on Turbulence Statistics

C = method-dependent constant h, hi = grid spacing ki, k = wave-number vector and magnitude k0 = wave number of peak energy Rij = Reynolds stress tensor, g u00 i u00 j r = shock compression ratio, d= u S = mean compression rate in rapid distortion theory ui = velocity = gas constant (taken as 1.4) = numerical shock thickness ij = Kronecker delta ij = error in postshock Rij = normalized wave number, k=k0 = kinematic viscosity = density = normalized time, St= ln r ~ = Favre average ^ = Fourier component
Lactic acid is a potential virulence factor for group B Streptococcus.

Abstract Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes sepsis and meningitis in neonates and infants. Although several GBS-associated virulence factors have been described, the mechanisms of GBS invasive disease are not well understood. To characterize additional virulence factors, a novel in vitro infection assay was developed using rat fetal lung explants. However, application of GBS to the system induced rapid lung tissue destruction associated with increased media acidity. Since lactic acid produced by other streptococci is an important virulence factor, we hypothesized that lactic acid contributed to the virulence of GBS. Spent growth media and neutralized-spent media were applied to explants and results indicated that neutralization of the media completely protected the tissue from degradation. These results were verified using multiple viability assays and with transformed cell lines. Furthermore, comparable spent media from Escherichia coli did not induce tissue cytotoxicity, suggesting that GBS produces organic acids in excess of other potential bacterial pathogens. Analysis of the spent media indicated that l -lactate levels reached ∼70 mM, indicating that lactic acid is a major constituent of the metabolic acid produced by GBS. Treatment of explants with lactic acid alone produced dose-dependent tissue degradation, indicating that lactic acid is independently sufficient to induce target-tissue cytotoxicity. Finally, both spent media and 23.6 mM lactic acid produced dramatic tissue autofluorescence; the basis for this is currently unknown. These studies demonstrate that GBS-produced lactic acid is a potential virulence factor and may contribute to GBS invasive disease.
Exponential square integrability for non-tangential limits of certain smooth functions

Under the assumption of the boundedness of certain operator (resembling Lusin's area function) of a smooth function u that satisfies certain interior regularity property, we prove the exponential square integrability of the boundary values of u.
Coadsorption of sodium and oxygen on Cu{110}: Evidence for a sodium peroxide surface species

Results are presented of a study of the coadsorption of sodium and oxygen on a Cu{110} surface using HREELS, LEED, and AES for a number of annealing temperatures. A 0.5 L exposure of oxygen at 310 K onto a Cu{110} surface predosed with a saturation coverage of sodium results in dissociatively adsorbed oxygen with a primary vibrational loss feature at 48 meV which is very close to that found for dissociatively adsorbed oxygen on clean Cu{110}. Annealing the Cu{110}/Na/O system to 645 K results in a dramatic shift in the vibrational loss feature to 59 meV which is shown to be associated with a dominant vibrational mode of sodium peroxide (Na 2 O 2 ). LEED measurements also indicate that the 645 K anneal gives rise to a stepped surface with {110} terraces and {111} step faces which are 2.64 A high, corresponding to the exposed edge of a single Cu{110} bilayer. The overlayer unit cell and terraces have dimensions that correspond within 1% to the dimension of the unit cell of a room temperature hexagonal phase of sodium peroxide.
The Hi-jacking of Global Society? An Essay

Abstract Globalization is producing a global society of some sort. Three leading forms are on offer: Global Civil Society, Global Islam and Global America. This essay presents an analysis of globalization as a process, and then a discussion of each of the three possible forms, while recognizing that contingency prevails in history. With this said, the odds are against Global Islam succeeding. Rather, the most likely outcome seems to be the ‘hijacking’ of Global Civil Society by the US. The reasons for this are given, plus a glance at alternative possibilities.
Crossing the Factory Frontier: Gender, Place and Power in the Mexican Maquiladora

A pressing question raised by contemporary feminist theorists is how to conceptualize the intricate relationship between women as social agents and “Women”— an ideological representation of a female subject. Scholars have shown how women must often disavow this Woman in trying to establish their own careers. This article explores one facet of this issue by tracing one woman's journey through a Mexican maquiladora in the hope of demonstrating how this ideology produces the capitalist division of labor through the reproduction of sex-difference, nationality, and ethnic categories within one firm. The account raises some interesting questions about resistance, which may not be resolvable in the context of the workplace alone.
Novel Predictions: From Empiricism to Unificationism

From Fresnel’s wave theory of light to Einstein’s general theory of relativity, the use of novel predictions has a long history in the method of science. Since predictions concern empirical matters, associated models of the method are usually empiricist ones. However, much of the recent philosophy of science shows a lack of emphasis on novel predictions. The central reasons include the general thesis of underdetermination of theory by evidence and the marginalization of novelty to a narrower issue in theory assessment, the prediction-accommodation distinction. In particular, novelty has become nothing more than code for methods classified as unificationist criteria of theory assessment. In this paper, I will extend Harker’s criticisms to a broader history of novel predictions in philosophy of science. I will then suggest a philosophy of science rooted in empiricist ideas, new experimentalism, to recontextualize novel predictions and their epistemological role. I do so in hopes rehabilitating novel predictions as the core of empirical methods. The literature known as new experimentalism offers a particularly promising context for attempting this because it concerns itself with empirical progress as analyzed through the many epistemic values of experiments. The guiding theme of new experimentalism is the theory-independence of experimental phenomena. Thus, it bypasses all unificatory methods and extra-empirical tools of theoretical science. Through this, I aim to provide a basic characterization of novel prediction as experimental interventions, contrary to its current unificationist formulations.