cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Caloric restriction attenuates amyloid deposition in middle-aged dtg APP/PS1 mice.

Abstract Caloric restriction (CR) mitigates neurological damage arising from aging and a variety of other sources, including neuropathology in young adult mice that express single and double transgenic (tg) mutations associated with Alzheimer disease (AD). To evaluate the potential of CR to protect against relatively heavy AD-type pathology, middle-aged (13–14-month-old) mice that co-express two mutations related to familial AD, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1), were fed balanced diets with 40% fewer calories than ad libitum-fed controls. Following 18 weeks of treatment, mice were killed and brains were processed for quantification of total volume of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the hippocampal formation and the overlying neocortex. Computerized stereology confirmed that CR reduced the total Aβ volume by about one-third compared to that in age-matched controls. Thus, CR appears to attenuate the accumulation of AD-type neuropathology in two cortical brain regions of middle-aged dtg APP/PS1 mice. These findings support the view that CR could be a potentially effective, non-pharmacology strategy for reducing relatively heavy Aβ deposition in older adult dtg APP/PS1 mice, and possibly afford similar protection against the onset and progression of AD in older adult humans.
Lack of Immune Response to Differentiated Cells Derived from Syngeneic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The prospects for using autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in cell replacement therapy have been tempered by evidence that undifferentiated, syngeneic mouse iPSCs are immunogenic upon transplantation. However, the immunogenicity of more therapeutically relevant differentiated cells remains unexplored. Here, we differentiated mouse iPSCs into embryoid bodies (EBs) or representative cell types spanning the three embryonic germ layers and assessed their immunogenicity in vitro and after their transplantation into syngeneic recipients. We found no evidence of increased T cell proliferation in vitro, rejection of syngeneic iPSC-derived EBs/tissue-specific cells (TSCs) after transplantation, or an antigen-specific secondary immune response. Thus, differentiated cells derived from syngeneic iPSCs do not appear to be rejected after transplantation. We also found little evidence of an immune response to undifferentiated, syngeneic iPSCs. Our data support the idea that differentiated cells generated from autologous iPSCs could be applied for cell replacement therapy without eliciting immune rejection.
Autotrophlc-Heterotrophic Community Metabolism Relationships of a Woodland Stream

ABSTRACT Using an in situ chamber oxygen method at five first through third order stream riffle sites in Augusta Creek, Michigan, estimates of community metabolism were made on a monthly or seasonal basis (1973–1975). Net community productivity (NCP) ranged from −0.25 to 4.03 gO2m −2d−1, community respiration (CR) from 0.24 to 3.67 gO2m 2d1, and gross community productivity (GCP) from 0.09 to 5.35 gO2m −2d−1. The integrative parameters net daily metabolism (NDM) and ratio of GCP to 24 hour CR (P/R) ranged from −0.72 to 2.68 gO2m −2d−1 and 0.017 to 2.5, respectively and remained relatively constant at each site. Most parameters were consistently low and stable at first order sites, while autotrophic sites differed significantly. The first order sites were heterotrophic (P/R<1) with negative NDM. The meadow second order site was autotrophic with little capacity for export, illustrated by low NDM. Both third order sites (wooded and cleared) were autotrophic, but the cleared site had a higher NDM.
The highly inelastic neutrino reactions predicted from the πN total cross sections

Abstract The scaling function F 2 ( ω )is calculated for the highly inelastic neutrino and anti-neutrino reactions from the π N total cross sections on the basis of the generalized scaling sum rules. With the optimum values for the parameters determined in a previous analysis the integral ∫ 0 1 d x (F 2 ν p (x) + F 2 ν p (x)) saturates almost completely the inequality of the parton quark model. The ultraprecocious linear rise of the total cross sections for the neutrino and anti-neutrino reactions is a natural consequence of the generalized scaling sum rules.
Using a Lattice-Based Cellular Automata Approach to Model the Load Carrying Capacity of Granular Flows

Flows of solid granular particles are proposed as an alternate lubrication mechanism to conventional liquid lubrication in sliding contacts, because of their ability to carry loads and to accommodate surface velocities. Alternate lubrication is becoming necessary in extreme temperature environments where liquid lubricants fail and in micro/nanoscale environments were they promote stiction. However understanding granular behavior has been a challenge because of their ability to behave as solids, liquids and gases with varying circumstances. Cellular automata (CA), a deterministic rule based mathematics approach, has been successful in modeling some complex aspects of granular behavior. Our previous work successfully modeled granular shear with CA model. This work introduces a more versatile and novel cellular automata framework which combines the computational efficiency of CA with the power of particle dynamics to capture collision events. In the past, the load carrying capacity of granular flows was demonstrated in the experiments conducted by Yu and Tichy [2] and later, local flow properties were modeled using the granular kinetic lubrication continuum modeling approach. These results were used as a benchmark for determining the effectiveness of the current CA model.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Improving marketing with DRP

Abstract Distribution Resource Planning (DRP) is increasingly used by manufacturers to lower inventory costs and increases marketing flexibility. This article illustrates DRP operation, showing how industrial marketers can utilize its benefits. DRP's increased importance to industrial marketers is analyzed in terms of sales forecasting and the need to interject marketing considerations into production's demand management system.
c-Src-dependent Transcriptional Activation of TFII-I

TFII-I is a multifunctional transcription factor that is also involved in signal transduction. Here we show that TFII-I undergoes a c-Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation on tyrosine residues 248 and 611 and translocates to the nucleus in response to growth factor signaling. Tyrosine-phosphorylated nuclear TFII-I activates a stably integrated c-fos reporter gene. Withdrawal of signal leads to diminution of nuclear TFII-I, suggesting that the signal-dependent translocation is reversible. Antibodies against either TFII-I or c-Src abrogate growth factor-stimulated activation of c-fos. Consistent with the notion that tyrosine phosphorylation of TFII-I is required for its transcriptional activity, phosphorylation-deficient mutants of TFII-I fail to activate the c-fos promoter. These data demonstrate that TFII-I, through a Src-dependent mechanism, reversibly translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, leading to the transcriptional activation of growth-regulated genes.
Sexual bridging socially and over time: A simulation model exploring the relative effects of mixing and concurrency on viral sexually transmitted infection transmission

Background:Sexual partnerships between people at higher and lower risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (i.e., bridging) occur through dissortative mixing and concurrent partnerships, yet the relative effects of these network patterns on population STI spread are poorly understood.Goal:Usi
Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Sorghum Grains of Varying Genotypes

The effects of plant color, pericarp thickness, pigmented testa, and spreader genes on phenols and antioxidant activity levels of 13 sorghum genotypes were evaluated. Total phenols, condensed tannins, flavan-4-ols, and anthocyanins were measured. Antioxidant activity levels using the 2,2‘-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays were evaluated. Sorghums with a pigmented testa and spreader genes (B1B2S) had the highest levels of phenols and antioxidant activity. In addition, sorghums with purple/red plants (PQ) and thick pericarp (z) genes had increased levels of phenols and antioxidant activity. Sorghums with a black pericarp had higher levels of flavan-4-ols and anthocyanins than the other varieties. This suggests that genes for plant color, pericarp thickness, presence of a pigmented testa, and spreader genes increase phenols and antioxidant activity levels. This information can be useful in the production of sorghums with increased phenols and antioxida...
An algorithm for constrained convex optimization

This paper presents a feasible direction algorithm for the minimization of a pseudoconvex function over a smooth, compact, convex set. We establish that each cluster point of the generated sequence is an optimal solution of the problem without introducing anti-jamming procedures. Each iteration of the algorithm involves as subproblems only one line search for a zero of a continuously differentiable convex function and one univariate function minimization on a compact interval.
CNDO/S CI rotational strength calculations for (S)-1-methylindan

CNDO/S CI calculations on (S)-1-methylindan show erratic sign variation for the calculated rotational strengths for the four lowest energy Π → Π∗ transitions depending on the number of configuration interaction (CI) used. A tentative suggestion as to the choice of CI size is made through comparison with the experimental gas-phase circular dichroism.
Parkinsonian Signs and Functional Disability in Old Age

Little is known about the association between parkinsonian signs and functional disability. The authors examined the associations between four parkinsonian signs (gait, rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor) and the ability to perform physical and instrumental activities of daily living, in a large cohort of older Rush Memory and Aging Project participants who were free of dementia, Parkinson's disease, and antipsychotic drug use. In a series of logistic regression equations that controlled for age, sex, education, depressive symptoms, cognitive ability, chronic medical conditions, and psychotropic drug use, higher levels of parkinsonian signs were associated with higher levels of disability in performing both physical and instrumental activities of daily living.
Eric Voegelin's Philosophy of Myth

“Eric Voegelin's Philosophy of Myth” is an introduction to the eminent political philosopher's theory of the nature and function of myth in pre-modern cultures, particularly in ancient Greece and Mesopotamia. For Voegelin archaic myths and symbols provide grounds or foundations for a broad range of phenomena, from individual objects and events to the entire cosmos. They convey a sense of wholeness and interconnectedness through a type of analogical thinking. The concepts of ‘compactness’ and ‘differentiation’ are essential components in his overall theory. The former designates the unity of the symbol and the symbolized, the latter their separation into immanent and transcendent poles in the reflections of Greek philosophers and of Jewish and Christian thinkers. Both compact and differentiated accounts employ the symbols of the Beginning and Beyond, viz. the originating source of all things and their transcendent goal. Voegelin's treatment of the mythical and philosophical styles of truth is not limited t...
MEASUREMENT OF HEALTH COUNSELING IN ADOLESCENT MEDICAL ENCOUNTERS. • 15

Adolescent preventive service guidelines emphasize screening and counseling for health-compromising behaviors. Most reports suggest providers deliver fewer services than recommended, but the validity of available data is unknown. We used audiotape records and postvisit adolescent and provider surveys from preventive visits by 11- to 21-year-olds at two health centers to assess the agreement and accuracy of adolescent and provider reports of issues discussed during encounters. Adolescent-provider agreement was estimated using Kappas (κ). Accuracy was assessed by sensitivity and specificity; issues were considered truly discussed if identified on the audiotape or reported by both the provider and the adolescent to occur.
Chlordane Uptake and Its Translocation in Food Crops

Chlordane is a member of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), a group of chemicals characterized by extremely long residence in the environment after application. Technical chlordane, composed of a large number of components, is a synthetic organochlorine substance that was used primarily as an insecticide. Uptake by root crops of persistent soil residues of chlordane was noted early in the chronology of the material. The present report is the first comprehensive study of the uptake of weathered soil residues of chlordane and its translocation throughout the tissues of food crops under both greenhouse and field conditions. The data show that for all 12 crops chlordane is not limited to root tissue but is translocated from the root to some of the aerial tissues. Chlordane accumulation in edible aerial tissue appears to be dependent on plant physiology. As expected, chlordane was detected in the edible root tissue of the three root crops examined, carrots, beets, and potatoes. In the remaining crops ch...
Early Feeding, Antenatal Glucocorticoids, and Human Milk Decrease Intestinal Permeability in Preterm Infants

To determine the effects of age, feeding regimen, and antenatal glucocorticoids on intestinal permeability, preterm infants (n = 132) were stratified by gestational age and by diet (mothers' own milk versus preterm formula), and assigned randomly to one of four feeding regimens: early-continuous, early-bolus, standard-continuous, and standard-bolus. At 10, 28, and 50 d of age permeability was determined by measuring the ratio of lactulose/ mannitol in the urine after the two sugars were administered enterally for 30 h. The mean (+/-SE) birth weight and gestational age of the infants were 1044 +/- 13 g and 27 +/- 0.1 wk, respectively. Permeability changed as a function of age (p = 0.003). Early feeding was associated with a reduction in permeability at 10 d of age (p = 0.01). Antenatal steroid administration was associated with decreased permeability at 28 d of age (p = 0.017). The feeding of human milk (versus formula) was associated with decreased permeability at 28 d of age (p = 0.02). Continuous versus bolus feeding did not affect permeability.
Enhancing spectrum hole utilization through adaptive sensing in Cognitive Radio systems

Cognitive Radio (CR) is a new concept in wireless communication systems that aims at enabling dynamic access to the frequency spectrum for unlicensed secondary users (SU) through the reuse of licensed frequencies. Specifically, CR systems are expected to detect idle frequency bands that are not actively used by licensed primary users (PU) by applying a spectrum sensing procedure, to take advantage of them for providing service to SU, and to release them to the PU upon request. The duration of the spectrum sensing procedure is an overhead factor that affects the actual utilization of the spectrum by the CR system, and in this paper we propose a new method for adapting the duration of energy-based spectrum sensing window that improves the detection of PU signals as well as the utilization of spectrum opportunities. We present also numerical results obtained from simulations which confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Second generation gasification combined-cycle power plants for US utilities—Detailed performance and cost estimates

Abstract Studies of integrated coal gasification combined-cycle power plants carried out by four US manufactures and process firms are summarised and their results compared on an equivalent basis. The results of these studies indicate that integrated gasification combined-cycle power plants based on the oxygen-blown Texaco entrained flow gasifier and employing current technology gas turbines have the potential for providing substantial performance improvements over conventional coal-fired steam stations with flue gas desulphurisation.
VLSI architectures of perceptual based video watermarking for real-time copyright protection

For effective digital rights management (DRM) of multimedia in the framework of embedded systems, both watermarking and cryptography are necessary. In this paper, we present a watermarking algorithm and VLSI architecture that can insert a broadcaster's logo in video streams in real-time to facilitate copyrighted video broadcasting and internet protocol television (IP-TV). The VLSI architecture, when realized in silicon can be deployed in any multimedia producing appliance to enable DRM. The watermark is inserted in the video stream beforeMPEG-4 compression, resulting in simplified hardware requirements and superior video quality. The watermarking process is performed in the frequency domain. The system is initially prototyped and validated in MATLAB/Simulink and subsequently implemented on an Altera Cyclone-II FPGA. Its maximum throughput is 43frames/sec at a clock speed of 100MHz which makes it suitable for real-time digital video broadcasting emerging applications such as IP-TV.
Teaching radiologic physics to diagnostic radiology residents: how we do it.

hour-long lectures, twice a week, outside of the traditional clinicalday, either at 7:00 AM or 5:30 PM. Although this course may have provided good preparation for the physics board exam for some residents, and this was anecdotally the main motivating factor for them, it had a number of apparent limitations. Given its timing and format, the residents viewed this as an exam review course only, and according to at least some prior residents, they felt thattheydidnothavetoworryabout physics ever again after passing the physics board exam. In addition, relegating all physics lectures to 7:00 AM or 5:30 PM symbolized that physicswasnotanimportanttopicin the residency, and that it should not conflict with clinical responsibilities and other educational activities. Of course, the change in the ABR certification process provided the final impetustodoawaywiththisformat. THE PRESENT The current implementation of
SWINBURNE SEPARATES THE MEN FROM THE GIRLS: SENSATIONALISM IN POEMS AND BALLADS

MR. SWINBURNE, DECLARED THOMAS BAYNES in the Edinburgh Review, is a "poet of what is known as the sensational school of literature." Swinburne's predilection for sensuous subject matter, and the premium on physical sensation in his poetry, Baynes argued, produce in the reader neither "ideal pleasures" nor "any purely mental effect," but a "physical commotion in the frame ? a 'flutter of the blood'" (93-94; 89-90). Baynes related the appearance of this "sensation" poet to the public's "rage for sensational novels and sensational literature" (95). Despite his gift for hyperbole, Baynes hardly overstated the impact of the sensation fiction vogue on middle-class consumer culture. According to Winifred Hughes, the sensation novel was a publishing bonanza, and the first mass-culture form of the novel (6), The first sensation novel, Wilkie Collins's The Woman in White, appeared in serialization in 1859-60. M. E. Braddon's Lady Audley's Secret and Mrs. Henry Wood's East Lynne quickly followed and soon became the two best-selling novels of the nineteenth century (112). These novels combined the crime, suspense, and sexual intrigue of neo-Gothic fiction found in working-class penny maga zines and in Newgate novels with the social commentary, realism, and contemporary setting of domestic fiction in order to appeal to a wide audience of working- and middle class readers (7-16). Fearful that sensationalism preyed upon a morally and intellectually susceptible audience of young women, critics inveighed against its influence in shop windows, on the stage, in the newspapers, and especially in novels throughout the sensa tional 1860s (Edwards 30).1 Soon sensationalism was inextricably linked to popular, sensation fiction ? a form associated (in its own time and ours) with women writers and readers. Yet as Baynes's review indicates, Victorian critics deployed the discourses of sensa tionalism to denounce another group of public offenders: the "fleshly" poets. Once sensa tionalism became a public concern during the 1860s, critics commented repeatedly on the resemblance between the "fleshly" poets' sensuous, avant-garde poetry and sensation fiction. In 1871, Robert Buchanan explicitly allied Rossetti and Swinburne with "our smart writers and lady novelists" who disseminate "atrocious suggestions" to the "purer and better" public (Bristow 142). Baynes associated Swinburne's "radically false and per
Looking forward to EphB signaling in synapses

Eph receptors and their ligands ephrins comprise a complex signaling system with diverse functions that span a wide range of tissues and developmental stages. The variety of Eph receptor functions stems from their ability to mediate bidirectional signaling through trans-cellular Eph/ephrin interactions. Initially thought to act by directing repulsion between cells, Ephs have also been demonstrated to induce and maintain cell adhesive responses at excitatory synapses in the central nervous system. EphB receptors are essential to the development and maintenance of dendritic spines, which accommodate the postsynaptic sites of most glutamatergic excitatory synapses in the brain. Functions of EphB receptors are not limited to control of the actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spines, as EphB receptors are also involved in the formation of functional synaptic specializations through the regulation of glutamate receptor trafficking and functions. In addition, EphB receptors have recently been linked to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and neuropathic pain, thus becoming promising targets for therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss recent findings on EphB receptor functions in synapses, as well as the mechanisms of bidirectional trans-synaptic ephrin-B/EphB receptor signaling that shape dendritic spines and influence post-synaptic differentiation.
OPHTHALMOLOGIC EMERGENCIES IN THE PATIENT WITH DIABETES

Patients with diabetes mellitus are susceptible to a variety of ophthalmologic problems. Blindness is among the most feared medical conditions. This article focuses on rapidly progressive eye symptoms and problems that require emergent attention. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of blindness in adults aged less than 75 years in the United States and Western Europe. 21 Clinicians must be able to recognize proliferative diabetic retinopathy, which needs urgent ophthalmologic referral and photocoagulation laser treatment to limit the progression of retinal disease and to protect vision. Vitreous hemorrhage usually presents with dramatic change in vision in patients with known severe retinopathy. Other emergent conditions discussed herein are the evaluation of vascular events and ocular motor nerve palsies, and severe eye infections, including endophthalmitis, mucormycosis, and herpes zoster keratitis and uveitis.
Autosomal sex-associated pyrethroid resistance in a strain of house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) with a male-determining factor on chromosome three.

Mechanisms and genetics of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides were investigated in a strain of house fly (ASPR) collected from a cattle ranch in Miyagi, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Flies were selected in the laboratory with the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin. Both sees were resistant to pyrethroids; however, females were 22- to 245-fold more resistant than males. Permethrin resistance could be partly suppressed by the monooxygenase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide in females, but not in males. In this strain, sex was determined by a male factor on the third autosome. The relationship of the autosomal male factor to the lower resistance levels observed in the males and the mechanisms of resistance expressed in each sex are discussed.
Nursing Research Journals

In 1993, I wrote an article for Serials Review that profiled thirty-four nursing research titles, which are listed in Table 1.11 Sharon C. Murphy, “Nursing Research Journals: A Discussion and Annot...
Cool Weather Feeding Influences Responses of Channel Catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri Challenge

Abstract A pond study was conducted from November 1 through April 30 with young (age-0; average size, 43 g) and market-size (age-2; average size, 660 g) channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus to compare three management regimens: No feeding, partial feeding (no feeding in December, January, and February), and continuous feeding according to fish size and water temperature. Weight change, feed conversion ratio, and responses to experimental challenge with Edwardsiella ictaluri were evaluated. No significant difference in weight gain occurred between partially fed and continuously fed fish in either age-group; average weight increase for fed age-0 fish was 99% and for fed age-2 fish was 38%. The nonfed age-0 fish lost 12.3% and the nonfed age-2 fish lost 7% of their initial weight. Feed conversion ratios were significantly lower in partially fed fish than in continuously fed fish in both age-groups. Mortality from E. ictaluri challenge among age-0 fish was significantly higher in the nonfed fish, but among the...
Effect of 5'guanylylimidodiphosphate on prostaglandin- and fluoride- sensitive adenylate cyclase of rabbit red blood cells.

Abstract Membranes of mature and immature rabbit red blood cells contain an adenylate cyclase sensitive to activation by prostaglandins (PGE) E 1 and E 2 , fluoride, and 5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate. PGE 1 is approximately 60-fold more potent than PGE 2 in activating the erythrocyte cyclase. However, in the presence of 5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate, the potency of PGE 2 approaches that of PGE 1 .
Characterization of Miniemulsion Droplet Size and Stability Using Capillary Hydrodynamic Fractionation

Abstract Miniemulsions comprising submicrometer oil droplets were characterized by size using capillary hydrodynamic fractionation. These miniemulsions were prepared by dispersing toluene in water using a mixed surfactant/cosurfactant system of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and either cetyl alcohol (CA) or hexadecane (HD) and a high shear homogenizing device. Using this technique, the stability of various miniemulsion recipes was characterized by following changes in the average droplet diameter with time. In addition, this technique was used to directly compare the relative sizes of miniemulsions made with varying recipes and preparative techniques. The results of this study show that miniemulsion droplets prepared with cetyl alcohol as the cosurfactant decrease in diameter with increasing cetyl alcohol concentration. In addition, a period in which the droplet size increased rapidly was observed for these miniemulsions which was followed by a gradual size increase after about 60 min. This phenomenon was observed regardless of the homogenizing device used or how the cosurfactant was introduced. Miniemulsion droplets prepared using hexadecane as the cosurfactant were shown to be smaller than those prepared using cetyl alcohol, and these were shown to maintain their droplet size throughout the course of the measurements (a duration of 4 h).
Drug Use Management in Board and Care Facilities

The purpose of this study was to describe medication management in board and care facilities throughout Minnesota. A triangulation of data collection methods was used, including mail questionnaires (N = 98 facilities), telephone interviews (N = 64 facilities), and site visits (N = 15 facilities). Major issues examined included characteristics of board and care facilities, staffing, residents, and drug management systems. Results showed that staff in 86% of the board and care facilities surveyed provided medication storage, 83% gave medication reminders, and 69% administered medications to one or more residents. Site visits revealed a wide diversity in the characteristics of managers and their attitudes toward medication administration.
Extracellular uridine nucleotides initiate cytokine production by murine dendritic cells.

While it is recognized that activated dendritic cells perform their immune functions with greater efficacy, it is not altogether clear what factors are responsible for such activation. Recent evidence points to an important role for extracellular nucleotides in the modulation of leukocyte function. In the present study we investigated the ability of extracellular nucleotides to activate CD11c(+) murine dendritic cells. Mobilization of intracellular calcium was observed following treatment of these cells with UTP or UDP, but not ATP. Furthermore, this nucleotide receptor was pertussis toxin-sensitive, suggesting the presence of a P2Y nucleotide receptor. Such receptors were not present on murine peritoneal macrophages or on CD11c-negative leukocyte populations. Importantly, activation of these P2Y nucleotide receptors on dendritic cells provided a potent stimulus for cytokine mRNA expression and secretion. Thus, expression of a P2Y nucleotide receptor on CD11c(+) dendritic cells functions to mobilize intracellular calcium and to induce cytokine production.
Remote implant anchorage for the rehabilitation of maxillary defects.

The rehabilitation of maxillary defects is a significant challenge in terms of creating retention and preserving existing dentition in an environment of expanded functional stress. The advent of osseointegration has enhanced the dental practitioner’s capabilities in this regard with a remarkably improved potential for increasing prosthesis stability and preserving tissue. For patients with extensive prosthetic cantilevers, however, the opportunity for implant placement in defect areas is compromised unless remote bone sites are considered. Implants in the defect buttress zone through the maxillary sinus in non-defect sites (zygoma implants) can be valuable in providing a level of functional rehabilitation previously unattainable. (J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:377-81.)
Behavioral and Cognitive Measurements Predict Scores on the MAST: A 3‐Year Prospective Study

This experiment examined the ability of neuropsychological and behavioral tests of anterior brain functioning to predict changes in alcohol-related behaviors 3 years after the initial evaluation. One hundred four young adult subjects, sixty-six of whom had a positive family history of alcoholism, filled out the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), self-rated the frequency with which they consumed alcohol, and completed a retrospective test of childhood hyperactivity/impulsivity/conduct problems (Wender Behavioral Checklist). Eighty-three of the subjects also completed a neuropsychological battery consisting of cognitive tests of executive functioning (i.e., Trails, Categories Test, Similarities) and motor tests (i.e., TPT, hand dynamometer, finger tapping). Subjects returned to complete the alcohol-related measures during a second testing session 3 years later. Changes in MAST scores, and in alcohol consumption, between the first and second test session were computed, and median splits classified subjects into "high" versus "low" change groups. After factor analysis of the cognitive and behavioral data, hierarchical logistic regression equations assessed the ability of the cognitive and behavioral variables, as well as the presence of a positive family history of alcoholism, to predict future changes in the alcohol outcome measures. Scores from the WENDER behavioral checklist predicted future changes in the MAST scores (p = 0.0026), with more impaired scores associated with higher MAST scores. Tests of executive functioning, in subjects with a positive family history of alcoholism, predicted alcohol consumption (p = 0.033). None of the other predictor variables showed any relationship to the alcohol-related outcome measures.
Contamination control for gas delivery from a liquid source in semiconductor manufacturing

Gas delivery from a liquid source, common in semiconductor manufacturing, raises contamination control concerns not only due to impurity levels in the source. In addition, the lower vapor pressure of impurity species compared to that of the host (source) species causes impurity concentrations in delivered gas to increase as the source is used up. A physics-based dynamic simulator to describe the time-dependent variation of impurity level in such a gas delivery system has been developed and applied to the important case of CHClF/sub 2/ impurities in host CHF/sub 3/ liquid, as routinely used for dry etching processes. The time-dependence of CHClF/sub 2/ impurity concentration is also dependent on the operating temperature of the liquid source: for higher temperatures, the fast rise in impurity concentration and the liquid-dry point occur earlier, while the final impurity level after this point is lower. The dynamic simulator represents a useful tool for avoiding contamination problems with liquid delivery systems and for optimizing materials usage (for cost and environmental benefits) by structuring source usage procedures consistent with contamination-sensitivity of the process. The results also suggest benefits in materials usage if specific source temperatures (different from room temperature) were imposed. The physical basis of the dynamic simulator allows more general application to other systems.
Morphologic Considerations in the Interpretation of Gastrointestinal Disorders

Misinterpretations of gastrointestinal alterations can be reduced or eliminated by avoiding sampling/labeling errors, reducing artifact, and gaining familiarity with normal variations for the species under study. The errant thrust of the gastroscopic biopsy forceps can yield mucosa resembling atrophic gastritis; ileal villi taken for jejunal erroneously lead to consideration of sprue-like disorder. Reduction of the postmortem delay prior to fixation is critical for avoiding artifact. Villous epithelial cells separate from basement membrane within 5 to 10 minutes. Flushing saline, water, or fixative through unopened intestine causes intolerable damage to epithelium and villi. The thin-walled intestines of small laboratory species may be fixed unopened, but without dissection gross lesions are overlooked. Osmolarity of the fixative is important for preserving normal shapes of villi. Smooth muscle of the muscularis and villi of the dog contracts vigorously after euthanasia and immediate fixation. Optimum preservation may be had by applying iso-osmolar neutral buffered fixatives to intestinal segments which have been opened, stretched slightly, and pinned to cardboard or styrofoam. The villous height:crypt depth ratios vary among species and among intestinal segments. Shapes vary as well, ileal villi of many species appearing short and Christmas-tree- or thumb-shaped. Dilated lacteals occur occasionally in normal villi. The goblet cell population increases aborally, while the lymphocytic-plasmacytic population of the core increases with age. Eosinophils are a normal component in several species; globule leukocytes are common in others. Mast cells of the villi will be overlooked unless tissues are fixed in Carnoy's solution and stained with Astra or Alcian blue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Producing squeezed input states for an atomic clock using an optical cavity

Spin squeezing, the generation of collective states of atomic ensembles with reduced spin noise by exploiting non-classical correlations between particles, is a promising approach to overcoming the standard quantum limit set by projection noise of independent atoms. We present two implementations of spin squeezing in ensembles of 87Rb confined within an optical resonator, and discuss some of the decoherence mechanisms, both technical and fundamental, that we encounter.
The therapeutic potential of regulated hypothermia

Reducing body temperature of rodents has been found to improve their survival to ischaemia, hypoxia, chemical toxicants, and many other types of insults. Larger species, including humans, may also benefit from a lower body temperature when recovering from CNS ischaemia and other traumatic insults. Rodents subjected to these insults undergo a regulated hypothermic response (that is, decrease in set point temperature) characterised by preference for cooler ambient temperatures, peripheral vasodilatation, and reduced metabolic rate. However, forced hypothermia (that is, body temperature forced below set point) is the only method used in the study and treatment of human pathological insults. The therapeutic efficacy of the hypothermic treatment is likely to be influenced by the nature of the reduction in body temperature (that is, forced versus regulated). Homeostatic mechanisms counter forced reductions in body temperature resulting in physiological stress and decreased efficacy of the hypothermic treatment. On the other hand, regulated hypothermia would seem to be the best means of achieving a therapeutic benefit because thermal homeostatic systems mediate a controlled reduction in core temperature.
Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and related genes in equine digital lamellae and in cultured keratinocytes.

Summary Reasons for performing study Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1A) is an important protein in the regulation/induction of many genes in the cellular and tissue response to hypoxia and a central mediator in inflammatory signalling. As both hypoxia and inflammatory events are purported to occur in the lamellar epidermis in sepsis-related laminitis in the equid, HIF-1A may play a central role in this disease process. Objectivess To assess the regulation of HIF-1A and HIF-1A-related genes in the equine keratinocyte in vitro and in the lamellar tissue of horses with sepsis-related laminitis. Study design In vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunoblotting were performed to assess the mRNA and protein concentrations of HIF-1A and the mRNA concentrations of HIF-1A-related genes in cultured equine keratinocytes and in lamellar samples from black walnut extract (BWE)- and carbohydrate overload (CHO)-induced laminitis. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α was further localised via indirect immunofluorescence in frozen lamellar tissue sections. Results Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α appears to be regulated primarily at the post transcriptional level in the cultured equine keratinocyte, resulting in increased HIF-1A in response to hypoxia but not to lipopolysaccharide exposure. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is present at high concentrations in the normal equine lamina, and is increased in Obel grade 1 (OG1) stage laminitis in the CHO model of laminitis. Equine lamellar mRNA concentrations of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, but not glucose transporter 1, are increased in the BWE and CHO models of laminitis. Conclusions and potential relevance These data indicate that the normal equine lamellae are profoundly hypoxic in comparison with other tissues. The increased mRNA concentrations of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 in equine keratinocytes exposed to hypoxia and lipopolysaccharide, and in lamellar tissue from BWE and CHO models of sepsis-related laminitis, suggest that the marked lamellar inflammatory gene expression in sepsis-related laminitis may be due to an interaction of constitutively high lamellar keratinocyte HIF-1A signalling with inflammatory signalling, possibly induced by circulating inflammatory mediators. The Summary is available in Chinese – see Supporting information.
The Portrayal of Black Swan Through a Multicontexual Framework

Family systems theory emphasizes the importance of examining multigenerational contexts of the individual, family, and sociocultural influences when trying to understand dysfunctional behavior patterns. Problems arise when individuals and families encounter transition points without the ability to adapt to the changing condition, symptoms emerge as indicators that the family system is unable to move on to the next stage. The following analysis of Black Swan will examine how the protagonist’s learned patterns of interaction develop into problematic behaviors in the midst of instrumental events depicted in the film. As vertical stressors of societal expectations and family patterns of enmeshment intersect with the horizontal stressors of accomplishing the critical life tasks of young adulthood, Nina experiences extreme distress. Her attempts to cope with the demands of these stressors are maladaptive and eventually lead to her death.
Human-in-the-loop Control of a Humanoid Robot for Disaster Response: A Report from the DARPA Robotics Challenge Trials

The DARPA Robotics Challenge DRC requires teams to integrate mobility, manipulation, and perception to accomplish several disaster-response tasks. We describe our hardware choices and software architecture, which enable human-in-the-loop control of a 28 degree-of-freedom Atlas humanoid robot over a limited bandwidth link. We discuss our methods, results, and lessons learned for the DRC Trials tasks. The effectiveness of our system architecture was demonstrated as the WPI-CMU DRC Team scored 11 out of a possible 32 points, ranked seventh out of 16 at the DRC Trials, and was selected as a finalist for the DRC Finals.
Educating Peasant Girls for Motherhood: Religion and Primary Education in Mid‐Nineteenth Century Russia

In 1845 the permanent secretary of the Moscow Agricultural Society (MAS), Stepan Maslov, called on noblewomen and priests to teach peasant girls literacy in order to regenerate the peasantry and society in general. Maslov's Literacy Committee encouraged the teaching of Church Slavonic, which was used in the liturgy and for nearly all religious publications, in the hopes of creating a literate peasant mother who, Maslov wrote, "will use her knowledge for thrift and economy, and will bring her children to church on holidays, and they will listen there to prayers known to them, which are always understood by the heart, even if the mind is not able to grasp their full meaning."1 The committee was an example of Slavophile interest in education maternelle, or pedagogical motherhood, which emphasized the role of the mother in the moral upbringing of her children.2 The role of motherhood was doubly central; noblewomen would take on a maternal role by teaching their serf girls how to be good mothers. This, it was hoped, would place the noblewoman-educator in the position of an adopted mother, transforming the harsh relations of serfdom into a family idyll. Social control would still be exerted, but it would be enforced by the heart, not the whip. Pedagogical motherhood was influenced by the works of Francois Fenelon, who argued that women should educate their daughters; this would create a female-oriented world into which men intruded only "as inseminators or as sexual predators."3 Fenelon reached Russia by the era of Catherine the Great, whose espousal of women's education shows the marks of his thought.4 While pedagogical motherhood declined in the early nineteenth century
Program analysis via satisfiability modulo path programs

Path-sensitivity is often a crucial requirement for verifying safety properties of programs. As it is infeasible to enumerate and analyze each path individually, analyses compromise by soundly merging information about executions along multiple paths. However, this frequently results in a loss of precision. We present a program analysis technique that we call Satisfiability Modulo Path Programs (SMPP), based on a path-based decomposition of a program. It is inspired by insights that have driven the development of modern SMT(Satisfiability Modulo Theory) solvers. SMPP symbolically enumerates path programs using a SAT formula over control edges in the program. Each enumerated path program is verified using an oracle, such as abstract interpretation or symbolic execution, to either find a proof of correctness or report a potential violation. If a proof is found, then SMPP extracts a sufficient set of control edges and corresponding interference edges, as a form of proof-based learning. Blocking clauses derived from these edges are added back to the SAT formula to avoid enumeration of other path programs guaranteed to be correct, thereby improving performance and scalability. We have applied SMPP in the F-Soft program verification framework, to verify properties of real-world C programs that require path-sensitive reasoning. Our results indicate that the precision from analyzing individual path programs, combined with their efficient enumeration by SMPP, can prove properties as well as indicate potential violations in the large.
Home range and habitat utilization of adult California sheephead, Semicossyphus pulcher (Labridae), in a temperate no-take marine reserve

The California sheephead, Semicossyphus pulcher Ayres (Labridae), is a carnivorous, temperate, rocky-reef/kelp-bed species that is highly sought in recreational and commercial fisheries. Fine-scale acoustic telemetry tracking was used to ascertain the home range and habitat utilization of S. pulcher. Sixteen adult S. pulcher (26–38 cm SL) were surgically fitted with small acoustic transmitters and manually tracked for up to 144 h during multiple, 24-h periods between March 2001 and August 2002 within the Catalina Marine Science Center Marine Life Reserve (33°26′N; 118°29′W). A geographic information system was used to calculate home range sizes (95% kernel utilization distributions) and habitat use. Tracking of the first five fish over 24 h confirmed that S. pulcher were strictly diurnal, so the remaining 11 fish were tracked from 1 h before sunrise to 1 h after sunset. Home ranges varied greatly, from 938 to 82,070 m2, with a mean (±SD) of 15,134±26,007 m2. Variability in home range sizes among fish was attributed to differences in habitat shape (embayment vs. contiguous coastline) and to natural habitat boundaries (deep, sandy expanses) in adjacent areas within the reserve. There was a significant relationship between fish length and proportion of time spent in different habitats (sand vs. reef). S. pulcher were found within rocky-reef areas 54% of the time, and, within these areas, a greater percentage of daytime was spent in high-relief areas. Based on the relatively small size and persistence of home ranges of adult S. pulcher, no-take reserves, if they contain appropriate habitat, would provide adequate protection for their stocks.
Pathologic reporting and special diagnostic techniques for melanoma

Pathologists play a central role in the management of cutaneous melanoma in determining that a tumor is a melanoma, whether or not it is primary or metastatic, and whether or not the margins of excision are tumor free and in evaluating prognostic indicators from examination of the primary tumor and, where appropriate, lymph nodes, including the sentinel nodes.
Behavior of simulated Hanford slurries during conversion to glass

Mixtures of simulated Hanford low-activity aqueous waste and glass precursor additives were heat treated at various temperatures up to 1,000 C and characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. It was found after heating the simulant mixture up to 700 C, the majority of the sodium nitrite present in the original waste reacted with the silica and perhaps boron species in the additives to form C- and N-containing gases, oxygen gas, and lower melting phases which contributed to the observed batch volume expansion beginning at these temperatures. Elemental analyses of minor components in the simulant mixture showed that I, Cl, and S exhibited significant losses during heating, presumably due to volatilization or entrainment. For the case of I, nearly 90% on an elemental basis was lost from the simulant mixture after processing to 1,000 C, whereas Re exhibited less than 40% loss.