cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survey of Emerging Technology Based Physical Unclonable Funtions

Authentication of electronic devices has become critical. Hardware authentication is one way to enhance security of a chip. Along with software, it makes it harder for an intruder to access any computer, smart-phone, or other devices without authorization. One way of authenticating a device through hardware is to use the fabrication anomalies, which are random and unclonable. This mechanism is called a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF). PUFs are easy to evaluate but hard to predict. PUF is a concept that gained popularity since the past decade, when researchers started taking advantage of the randomness of electrical signals in order to build a unique authentication block. This survey will show the state-of-the-art devices that are currently investigated as PUFs. The different technologies are compared by taking into account reproducibility, uniqueness, randomness, area, scalability, and compatibility with CMOS. Emphasis is put on technologies that are emerging and gaining commercial interest. Through comparisons, we will show their applicability to different environments.
Early life stress predicts thalamic hyperconnectivity: A transdiagnostic study of global connectivity

Early life stress (ELS) is an established risk factor for psychiatric illness and is associated with altered functional connectivity within- and between intrinsic neural networks. The widespread nature of these disruptions suggests that broad imaging measures of neural connectivity, such as global based connectivity (GBC), may be particularly appropriate for studies of this population. GBC is designed to identify brain regions having maximal functional connectedness with the rest of the brain, and alterations in GBC may reflect a restriction or broadening of network synchronization. We evaluated whether ELS severity predicted GBC in a sample (N = 46) with a spectrum of ELS exposure. Participants included healthy controls without ELS, those with at least moderate ELS but without psychiatric disorders, and a group of patients with ELS- related psychiatric disorders. The spatial distribution of GBC peaked in regions of the salience and default mode networks, and ELS severity predicted increased GBC of the left thalamus (corrected p < 0.005, r = 0.498). Thalamic connectivity was subsequently evaluated and revealed reduced connectivity with the salience network, particularly the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (corrected p < 0.005), only in the patient group. These findings support a model of disrupted thalamic connectivity in ELS and trauma-related negative affect states, and underscore the importance of a transdiagnostic, dimensional neuroimaging approach to understanding the sequelae of trauma exposure.
Effect of glucagon on esophageal motor function.

This study evaluates the effect of exogenous glucagon on esophageal motor function in man. Manometric studies were performed using an infused catheter system. Resting lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was monitored before and after intravenous pulse doses of glucagon (1 to 100 μg). The effect of glucagon (20 μg) on esophageal peristalsis was also studied. Multiple blood samples were taken for determination of glucagon, insulin, and glucose concentration. Glucagon effect on LES pressure was also evaluated after LES stimulation by continuous intravenous infusion and pentagastrin (0.04 μg per kg per min). Glucagon caused a transient significant decrease of LES pressure only at pulse doses (20 and 100 μg) which caused nonphysiological elevation of plasma glucagon levels. The temporal profile of decreased LES pressure correlated closely with maximal blood glucagon levels. Glucagon caused no demonstrable change in esophageal peristalsis. During LES stimulation by pentagastrin, glucagon caused significant transient decreases of LES pressure at doses as low as 1 μg per kg. We conclude that glucagon at sufficient dosage has an inhibitory effect on LES pressure. This inhibitory effect is not mediated through changes in serum insulin or glucose and appears to be pharmacological.
Recognizing Exceptional Contributions

EIC Yong Rui announces the winners of IEEE MultiMedia's Best Article and Best Department awards for 2016, both of which appeared in the July-Sept. 2015 special issue on social multimedia and storytelling.
The changing CSR - evolving language, metrics and mission

As the “moral ID-Card” of an organization, the Corporate Social Responsibility report is maturing and stands today as one of its key standard documents. Much has changed about it. Its mission, language, dimensions, images, metrics, drivers, all bear witness to how the CSR is moving to reflect not only the evolving value set of the organization but also that of its audience, namely society as a whole. Today's society is sending messages to governments and business organizations about its widening expectations regarding social responsibility. The CSR is one of the echoes by which an institution, private or public, can provide a response about what it is doing in the social transformation journey, but is must be carefully crafted to be and to remain audible, right down to the themes addressed. The CSR must continue evolving if it is to have a future role in the dialog between organizations and their audiences.
Natural language processing systems for capturing and standardizing unstructured clinical information: A systematic review

We followed a systematic approach based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to identify existing clinical natural language processing (NLP) systems that generate structured information from unstructured free text. Seven literature databases were searched with a query combining the concepts of natural language processing and structured data capture. Two reviewers screened all records for relevance during two screening phases, and information about clinical NLP systems was collected from the final set of papers. A total of 7149 records (after removing duplicates) were retrieved and screened, and 86 were determined to fit the review criteria. These papers contained information about 71 different clinical NLP systems, which were then analyzed. The NLP systems address a wide variety of important clinical and research tasks. Certain tasks are well addressed by the existing systems, while others remain as open challenges that only a small number of systems attempt, such as extraction of temporal information or normalization of concepts to standard terminologies. This review has identified many NLP systems capable of processing clinical free text and generating structured output, and the information collected and evaluated here will be important for prioritizing development of new approaches for clinical NLP.
Analysis of economic criteria in the creation of realistic synthetic power systems

In creating entirely fictitious electric grids, there need to be metrics associated with their design that qualify their use in power systems research. In specifying these measures, the questions “What metrics matter for a given study and why?” should be answered. This paper extends the previously developed synthetic network base models for energy economic studies and aims to outline which economic parameters should be prioritized. Using a synthetic, 200-substation representation of Illinois, the optimal power flow (OPF) is analyzed in two stages to suggest what specifications need to be met to validate the model.
Lithographic manufacturing of adaptive optics components

Adaptive optics systems and their laboratory test environments call for a number of unusual optical components. Examples include lenslet arrays, pyramids, and Kolmogorov phase screens. Because of their specialized application, the availability of these parts is generally limited, with high cost and long lead time, which can also significantly drive optical system design. These concerns can be alleviated by a fast and inexpensive method of optical fabrication. To that end, we are exploring direct-write lithographic techniques to manufacture three different custom elements. We report results from a number of prototype devices including 1, 2, and 3 wave Multiple Order Diffractive (MOD) lenslet arrays with 0.75 mm pitch and phase screens with near Kolmogorov structure functions with a Fried length r0 around 1 mm. We also discuss plans to expand our research to include a diffractive pyramid that is smaller, lighter, and more easily manufactured than glass versions presently used in pyramid wavefront sensors. We describe how these components can be produced within the limited dynamic range of the lithographic process, and with a rapid prototyping and manufacturing cycle. We discuss exploratory manufacturing methods, including replication, and potential observing techniques enabled by the ready availability of custom components.
Cloud-Based Interactive Video Streaming Service

A wide range of applications, from e-learning to natural disaster management are reliant on video streaming. Video streaming will construct more than 80% of the whole Internet traffic by 2019. Currently, video stream providers offer little or no interactive services on their streamed videos. Stream viewers, however, demand a wide variety of interactive services (e.g., dynamic video summarization or dynamic transcoding) on the streams. Taking into account the long tail access pattern to video streams, it is not feasible to pre-process all possible interactions for all video streams. Also, Processing them is also not feasible on energy- and compute-limited viewers' thin-clients. The proposed research provides a cloud-based video streaming engine that enables interactive video streaming. Interactive Video Streaming Engine (IVSE) is generic and video stream providers can customize it by defining their own interactive services, depending on their applications and their viewers' desires. The engine enacts the defined interactive services through on-demand processing of the video streams on potentially heterogeneous cloud services, in a cost-efficient manner, and with respect to stream viewers' QoS demands.
CREATE Two-Year/Four-Year Faculty Workshops: A Focus on Practice, Reflection, and Novel Curricular Design Leads to Diverse Gains for Faculty at Two-Year and Four-Year Institutions.

Improving STEM education through the propagation of highly effective teaching strategies is a major goal of national reform movements. CREATE (Consider, Read, Elucidate the hypotheses, Analyze and interpret the data, and Think of the next Experiment) is a transformative teaching and learning strategy grounded in evidence-based science pedagogy. CREATE courses promote both cognitive (e.g., critical thinking) and affective (e.g., attitudinal and epistemological) student gains in diverse settings. In this study, we look more deeply into the faculty development workshop used to disseminate CREATE pedagogy to instructors at two-year and four-year institutions. We hypothesized that an immersive experience would positively shift faculty participants’ views on teaching/learning, build their understanding of CREATE pedagogy and develop their confidence for course implementation. Internal and external assessments indicate that faculty participants did achieve gains within the timeframe of the CREATE workshop. We discuss the workshop training outcomes in the context of designing effective dissemination models for innovative practices.
Contesting Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity at the UN Human Rights Council

Norm entrepreneurs have made significant strides in advancing sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) resolutions at the UN Human Rights Council. However, these advancements are being fiercely contested. This paper examines the development of SOGI at the Council including how states advocate for and contest SOGI and the extent to which their positions are mutable. Resolution 32/2 of 2016, which created an independent expert, is the central focus of the paper. Participant interviews and content analysis of documents and statements are used to provide an in-depth analysis of how states advocate their positions on SOGI. The paper finds that framing is the primary tool used by states. Both proponents and opponents of SOGI believe their own positions are universal and adhere to prior international law, while their opponents’ positions are relativist and revisionist. The paper further finds that deadlock on SOGI resolutions is imminent until Member States’ domestic legislation changes.
Seronegative progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) (P6.185)

Objective: Tactile startle is an uncommon manifestation that localizes to the brainstem. It occurs in pediatric epileptic patients predominantly, but can occur in adults with brainstem disease such as infection, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Our patient presented with multiple cranial neuropathies and an exaggerated tactile startle response. Background: N/A Design/Methods: A 75-year-old man with a remote history of carcinoid lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma, presented with progressive dysphagia, dysarthria and alternating facial weakness for about 2 weeks. He noticed abnormal tongue sensation and dysarthria. A video swallowing study demonstrated oropharyngeal dysphagia. He had progressive fatigue, left facial dysesthesia, and frequent brisk startle responses to facial stimulation. He had no fever or weight loss. He developed episodes of tachypnea with oxygen desaturation, episodes of tachycardia-bradycardia, then a cardiac arrest responding to CPR. Subsequently, he developed ophthalmoplegia, pyramidal extremity weakness, transient hyponatremia responding to fluid restriction, and then stiffness in his lower limbs. Contrasted brain MRI, LP with cytology and flow cytometry, paraneoplastic panel, and HIV testing were negative. Sedimentation rate 78, C-reactive protein 23.3, and serum protein electrophoresis detected monoclonal bands IgG Lambda type. PET scan demonstrated focal mediastinal lymph nodes uptake. Bronchoscopy with biopsy confirmed small cell lung carcinoma. He received IVIG and high-dose steroids with no response. He began chemotherapy with a plan for radiation of the abnormal mediastinal glands. Results: N/A Conclusions: The spectrum of paraneoplastic disorders, particularly affecting the nervous system, is expanding rapidly with the discovery of new antibodies. Because the sensitivity of paraneoplastic antibody testing is low (sensitivity 34%, specificity 86%) neurologists must be aware of, and be vigilant for, such syndromes that often require total body imaging to uncover the offending neoplasm. Disclosure: Dr. Khalid has nothing to disclose. Dr. Estevez-Ordonez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lavin has nothing to disclose.
Modeling an Effective Program for Latina/o College Student Success

This article presents a case study of the design, implementation, and results of a program developed to increase Latina/o student success at a Hispanic-Serving Institution. A team of university faculty, staff, and administrator researchers drew from four sources of evidence to design and examine the effects of the program, including: (a) longitudinal cohort data, (b) the scholarly literature on Latina/o student success, (c) focus group data with students, and (d) syllabi analysis data. Participants in the program demonstrated increased mid-term grade point average (GPA), end of first-term GPA, and fall-to-fall persistence.
Towards Throughput Aware and Energy Aware Traffic Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Networks with Hybrid Power Supplies

Green communications has attracted much research attention for its environmental and economic benefits. For a cellular network, base stations (BSs) incur more than 50% of the energy consumption of the whole network. Therefore, BSs can be powered by green energy to reduce its on-grid power consumption. Meanwhile, the effective data rate (EDR) of a user’s flow, which depends on both the user’s channel condition and its BS’s workload status, is an important metric for user performance. From the perspectives of a mobile provider, both the aggregated EDR (sum of EDRs of all users within the coverage area of a macro BS) and on-grid energy consumption should be taken into account in the traffic load balancing process. Therefore, we propose a throughput aware and energy aware (TEA) traffic load balancing scheme for heterogeneous cellular networks to optimize the above two metrics. Since the EDR and energy consumption mutually affect each other, saving on-grid power is at the cost of sacrificing a certain loss of EDR. Thus, we employ an energy-throughput coefficient $\boldsymbol \alpha $ to adjust the tradeoff between the two metrics based on the mobile provider’s practical requirements. Simulation results demonstrate that TEA improves the aggregated EDR and significantly saves on-grid power.
Cramér’s Theorem

There are two directions in which one might try to extend the results obtained thus far. One of these is to see how far one can go on reasoning based on independent increments. The second is to generalize the results of section 1) by taking advantage of Gaussian properties. In this section, we will go in the first of these directions.
On Physiological Bases of States of Expanded Consciousness

Altered states of consciousness provide valuable insights essential for a better understanding of the phenomenon of consciousness. Improved understanding of physiological correlates of states with expanded consciousness may allow possible use of biofeedback as a tool for achieving of those states at will. As a consequence, this approach may facilitate improvement of efficiency, creativity, and spiritual growth. This chapter presents a survey of relevant physiological correlates and present examples of two specific techniques: slow yogic breathing and chanting. We hypothesize that stabilization of physiological rhythms, such as breathing, heart rate variability, or blood pressure variability, creates favorable conditions in which states of expanded consciousness may arise.
Newspaper coverage of genetic modification events in China, Thailand and the United States: A cross-cultural analysis

This study compares how the English-language newspapers in countries—China, Thailand and the US—covered two genetic modification cases. In China and the US, the topic analyzed was the genetic engineering of rice. In Thailand and the US, it was the genetic alteration of papaya. Using the social amplification of risk framework, the hoopla effect, and framing, the intensity, the pattern and tone of this coverage, the sources cited, and the frames employed were determined. This was done through a content analysis of news articles. The results showed that across nations, the scientific and economic frames were the most frequently used, except in Thailand where the political frame was the second most dominant. The findings suggest that the relationship between a nation’s level of press freedom and the use of frames is not linear. A country’s policy toward biotechnology and frame use may also have a curvilinear relationship.
The Supreme Court's Decision to Recognize a Psychotherapist Privilege in Jaffee V. Redmond, 116 S. Ct. 1923 (1996): The Meaning of the Term 'Experience' and the Role of 'Reason' Under Federal Rule of Evidence 501

In Jaffee v. United States, 116 S. Ct. 1923 (1996), the U.S. Supreme Court recognized a testimonial privilege protecting the patient-psychotherapist relationship. Its decision is based on Rule 501 of the Federal Rules of Evidence, which permits courts to decide novel questions of privilege in the light of reason and experience. The Court held that this rule authorized not only recognition of a new privilege, but also a privilege of a broad scope, extending to relationships between patients and licensed clinical social workers. Its decision came as a mild surprise, given a widely shared assumption that Rule 501 creates a strong presumption against establishment of new privileges. This article criticizes the Court's reliance on an instrumental rationale, one that sees privileges as a means to the end of encourging individuals to seek needed psychotherapeutic assistance. After examining the etymology of the statutory terms reason and experience, the article argues that the Court should have explored a humanistic, privacy-focused rationale for its decision. Still, the article concludes, the Court arrived at the correct result, and in so doing, offered important insight into the meaning of those key statutory terms.
Automatic Program Rewriting in Non-Ground Answer Set Programs

Answer set programming is a popular constraint programming paradigm that has seen wide use across various industry applications. However, logic programs under answer set semantics often require careful design and nontrivial expertise from a programmer to obtain satisfactory solving times. In order to reduce this burden on a software engineer we propose an automated rewriting technique for non-ground logic programs that we implement in a system projector. We conduct rigorous experimental analysis, which shows that applying system projector to a logic program can improve its performance, even after significant human-performed optimizations.
Small Group Instruction Using Microcomputers: Focus on Group Behaviors

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine which types of group behaviors are related to the content achievement of special education and non-special education students working in groups on computers. Forty-eight middle school students worked at computers in dyads on mathematics word problems. The results of this study indicated that two interpersonal behavior variables were significantly related to achievement: mutual keyboard usage and giving explanations. The findings also indicated that special education students gave explanations less often than their non–special education counterparts. The results of this study should encourage the continued support of small group learning as a means of enhancing computer access.
Author Correction: Novel electrode technologies for neural recordings.

In part b of Figure 2 in this article, the left bounds of the boxes representing the spatiotemporal resolution of ‘EEG/MEG’ and ‘ECoG’ were incorrect. Specifically, the limits of highest temporal resolution for EEG/MEG and ECoG were shown as ~200 ms and ~10 ms and are now corrected to ~2 ms and < 1 ms, respectively. In addition, the lower bounds of the boxes representing ‘fMRI/PET’ and ‘EEG/MEG’ incorrectly showed the highest spatial resolution limits of these technologies as ~1 mm and have been corrected to <1 mm and <10 mm, respectively. The upper bound of the ‘Implantable electrical probes’ box also incorrectly showed the spatial span as ~0.1 mm and has been corrected to between 0.1 and 1 mm due to different spans in different dimensions. The figure has been updated in the online version of the article.
Reduced positive selection of a human TCR in a swine thymus using a humanized mouse model for xenotolerance induction

Background Tolerance-inducing approaches to xenotransplantation would be optimal and may be necessary for long-term survival of transplanted pig organs in human patients. The ideal approach would generate donor-specific unresponsiveness to the pig organ without suppressing the patient's normal immune function. Porcine thymus transplantation has shown efficacy in promoting xenotolerance in humanized mice and large animal models. However, murine studies demonstrate that T cells selected in a swine thymus are positively selected only by swine thymic epithelial cells, and therefore, cells expressing human HLA-restricted TCRs may not be selected efficiently in a transplanted pig thymus. This may lead to suboptimal patient immune function. Methods To assess human thymocyte selection in a pig thymus, we used a TCR transgenic humanized mouse model to study positive selection of cells expressing the MART1 TCR, a well-characterized human HLA-A2-restricted TCR, in a grafted pig thymus. Results Positive selection of T cells expressing the MART1 TCR was inefficient in both a non-selecting human HLA-A2- or swine thymus compared with an HLA-A2+ thymus. Additionally, CD8 MART1 TCRbright T cells were detected in the spleens of mice transplanted with HLA-A2+ thymi but were significantly reduced in the spleens of mice transplanted with swine or HLA-A2- thymi. [Correction added on October 15, 2019, after first online publication: The missing superscript values +, -, and bright have been included in the Results section.] CONCLUSIONS: Positive selection of cells expressing a human-restricted TCR in a transplanted pig thymus is inefficient, suggesting that modifications to improve positive selection of cells expressing human-restricted TCRs in a pig thymus may be necessary to support development of a protective human T-cell pool in future patients.
Transformers without Tears: Improving the Normalization of Self-Attention

We evaluate three simple, normalization-centric changes to improve Transformer training. First, we show that pre-norm residual connections (PreNorm) and smaller initializations enable warmup-free, validation-based training with large learning rates. Second, we propose $\ell_2$ normalization with a single scale parameter (ScaleNorm) for faster training and better performance. Finally, we reaffirm the effectiveness of normalizing word embeddings to a fixed length (FixNorm). On five low-resource translation pairs from TED Talks-based corpora, these changes always converge, giving an average +1.1 BLEU over state-of-the-art bilingual baselines and a new 32.8 BLEU on IWSLT'15 English-Vietnamese. We observe sharper performance curves, more consistent gradient norms, and a linear relationship between activation scaling and decoder depth. Surprisingly, in the high-resource setting (WMT'14 English-German), ScaleNorm and FixNorm remain competitive but PreNorm degrades performance.
The Clinical Presentation of Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms (SAMS)

There is no clearly defined clinical presentation of statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) because there is no objective test to verify the presence of SAMS. Experts agree that many more patients complain of statin-associated symptoms than have these symptoms demonstrated in blinded clinical trials or during placebo–statin, crossover studies designed to verify SAMS. Consequently, any description of the clinical presentation of SAMS depends primarily on expert opinion. Also, the clinical presentation of SAMS varies widely from mild myalgia to life-threatening rhabdomyolysis. The most frequent SAMS is myalgia which often occurs soon after statin onset, affects large muscle groups, is usually symmetric on both sides of the body, is not necessarily associated with increases in creatine kinase (CK), resolves promptly with statin cessation and reappears with statin re-initiation. Many patients present with convincing symptoms that vary from this classical description, however. Consequently, the primary approach to determining if muscle symptoms are SAMS is cessation and re-initiation of the statin. This approach is compromised by the “nocebo effect” or the patient’s expectation that the intervention will produce harm. This chapter summarizes the variable clinical presentation of SAMS.
Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Sodium as a Predictor of Surgical Risk in Cirrhotic Patients With Ascites.

Abstract Background The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Sodium (MELD-Na) incorporates hyponatremia into the MELD score and has been shown to correlate with surgical outcomes. The pathophysiology of hyponatremia parallels that of ascites, which purports greater surgical risk. This study investigates whether MELD-Na accurately predicts morbidity and mortality in patients with ascites undergoing general surgery procedures. Materials and methods We used the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2005-2014) to examine the adjusted risk of morbidity and mortality of cirrhotic patients with and without ascites undergoing inguinal or ventral hernia repair, cholecystectomy, and lysis of adhesions for bowel obstruction. Patients were stratified by the MELD-Na score and ascites. Outcomes were compared between patients with and without ascites for each stratum using low MELD-Na and no ascites group as a reference. Results A total of 30,391 patients were analyzed. Within each MELD-Na stratum, patients with ascites had an increased risk of complications compared with the reference group (low MELD-Na and no ascites): low MELD-Na with ascites odds ratio (OR) 4.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.96-9.59), moderate MELD-Na no ascites OR 1.70 (95% CI 1.52-1.9), moderate MELD-Na with ascites OR 3.69 (95% CI 2.49-5.46), high MELD-Na no ascites OR 3.51 (95% CI 3.07-4.01), and high MELD-Na ascites OR 7.18 (95% CI 5.33-9.67). Similarly, mortality risk was increased in patients with ascites compared with the reference: moderate MELD-Na no ascites OR 3.55 (95% CI 2.22-5.67), moderate MELD-Na ascites OR 13.80 (95% CI 5.65-33.71), high MELD-Na no ascites OR 8.34 (95% CI 5.15-13.51), and high MELD-Na ascites OR 43.97 (95% CI 23.76-81.39). Conclusions MELD-Na underestimates morbidity and mortality risk for general surgery patients with ascites.
Patient perception of telehealth services for breast and gynecologic oncology care during the covid-19 pandemic: A single center survey-based study

Prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, telehealth was rarely utilized for oncologic care in metropolitan areas. Our large New York City based outpatient breast/gynecologic cancer clinic administered an 18-question survey to patients from March to June 2020, to assess the perceptions of the utility of telehealth medicine. Of the 622 patients, 215 (35%) completed the survey, and of the 215 respondents, 74 (35%) had participated in a telehealth visit. We evaluated the use of telehealth services using the validated Service User Technology Acceptability Questionnaire. Sixty-eight patients (92%) reported that telehealth services saved them time, 54 (73%) reported telehealth increased access to care, and 58 (82%) reported telehealth improved their health. Overall, 67 (92%) of patients expressed satisfaction with the use of telehealth services for oncologic care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth services should be carefully adopted as an addition to in-person clinical care of patients with cancer.
Qutb’s hakimiyyah through the lens of Arendtian authority

The influence of Sayyid Qutb’s writing on political Islam and Islamist groups cannot be overstated. In constructing his radical political theory, special attention is usually given to Qutb’s two bi...
Physical-chemical Stability of Compounded Sildenafil 100-mg Rapid-dissolving Tablets

Sildenafil citrate is a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor that is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Rapid-dissolving tablets are relatively novel dosage forms that can be prepared by extemporaneous compounding and potentially provide unique advantages for medications like sildenafil. However, such preparations may present newer stability considerations previously unreported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the physical and chemical stability of sildenafil 100-mg rapid-dissolving tablets prepared by a commonly practiced molding method, using two different proprietary rapid-dissolving tablet bases (Medi-RDT or RDTPlus) immediately after preparation and over six months of storage at ambient room temperature. To prepare the rapid-dissolving tablets, the powder ingredients were homogeneously mixed, filled, and compressed into a 96-cavity metal mold. The formulation was then heated at 110°C for 10 minutes in the mold, released from the mold, and cooled at room temperature for 15 minutes. The prepared tablets were packaged in amber-colored blister packs with cold-adhesive backing seals and stored at ambient room temperature. At predetermined time points, rapid-dissolving tablets of each formulation were retrieved to perform stability analyses. These analyses included weight variation, breaking force, disintegration, friability, and potency via high-performance liquid chromatography following the United States Pharmacopoeia methods and visual inspection. At time 0 (immediately after preparation), the results of the tests for rapid-dissolving tablets made with Medi-RDT base v. RDT-Plus base were as follows: average tablet weight (649.7 mg v. 753.6 mg); breaking force (24.01 N v. 32.34 N); friability (8.52% v. 7.55%); disintegration time (34 seconds v. 35 seconds); and potency (98.61% v. 101.41%), respectively. Over the six-month storage period, both formulations of rapid-dissolving tablets had no significant changes in visual appearance, tablet weight, breaking force, or disintegration time. High-performance liquid chromatographic-based tablet assays for both formulations were consistently above 95% label claim at each time point, with no chromatographic evidence of degradation. Thus, the studied formulations of compounded sildenafil 100-mg rapid-dissolving tablets prepared using both Medi-RDT or RDT-Plus were found to be physically and chemically stable over six months of storage at ambient room temperature.
Oral Appliances in the Management of Neuropathic Orofacial Pain: A Retrospective Case Series.

Objective Neuropathic orofacial pain disorders are frequently managed with topical or systemic medications that carry risk for dangerous side effects such as drowsiness, disorientation, and/or physical addiction. The aim of this paper is to report the use of neurosensory oral appliances as a safe means of providing symptomatic relief for neuropathic orofacial pain. Study design This is a retrospective chart review of patients with diagnoses of persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP), painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN), or an oral dysesthesia, who utilized neurosensory appliances with or without the use of topical anesthetic gel. Results Eleven patients were identified. Eight patients (62.5%) found benefit with the neurosensory appliance alone, and three patients (37.5%) found relief with the addition of lidocaine 2% gel. All patients reported >50% resolution of their symptoms, with three (37.5%) reporting complete resolution. Seven patients maintained follow up ≥ 3 months, with efficacy lasting for a range of at least 3 - 8 months. Conclusion Oral neurosensory appliances, whether used alone as a physical barrier or as a vehicle to deliver topical anesthetic, represent a safe and effective modality for the management of neuropathic orofacial pain disorders. Additional studies are needed to assess long-term efficacy.
mHealth Mindfulness Intervention for Women with Moderate-to-Moderately-Severe Antenatal Depressive Symptoms: a Pilot Study Within an Integrated Health Care System.

Traditional mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to reduce depression symptoms in pregnant women, although in-person classes may pose significant accessibility barriers, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mobile technology offers greater convenience, but little is known regarding the efficacy of self-paced, mobile-delivered (mHealth) mindfulness interventions in this population. This study tested the feasibility and acceptability of offering such an intervention for pregnant women with moderate-to-moderately-severe depression symptoms. We conducted a single-arm trial within Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC). Participants were identified through KPNC’s universal perinatal depression screening program. Eligible participants included English-speaking pregnant women (<28 weeks of gestation) with moderate-to-moderately-severe depressive symptoms without a regular (<3 times/week) mindfulness/meditation practice. Participants were asked to follow a self-paced, 6-week mindfulness meditation program using a mobile app, Headspace™, 10–20 min/day. Outcome measures included feasibility, acceptability, and patient-reported outcomes (e.g., depression symptoms). Of the 27 women enrolled, 20 (74%) completed the study. Over half (55%) of participants used the app ≥50% of the days during the 6-week intervention. Responses to the semi-structured interviews indicated that women appreciated the convenience of the intervention and the ability to engage without having to attend classes or arrange childcare. We observed significant improvements in pre-postintervention scores for depression symptoms, perceived stress, sleep disturbance, and mindfulness. Our study demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of an mHealth mindfulness intervention for women with moderate-to-moderately-severe antenatal depression symptoms. The preliminary data further suggest that an efficacy trial is warranted.
Intelligence Augmentation for Collaborative Learning

Today’s classrooms can be remarkably different from those of yesteryear. In place of individual students responding to the teacher from neat rows of desks, today’s innovative schools have students working in groups on projects, with a teacher circulating among groups. AI applications in learning have been slow to catch up; most available technologies are described as personalizing or adapting instruction to needs of individual learners. Meanwhile, an established science of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning has come to prominence, with clear implications for how collaborative learning can be supported. In this contribution, I consider how intelligence augmentation could evolve to support collaborative learning. A focus on AI role in automating, adding to awareness, assisting and augmenting is suggested, extending the field’s prior tendency to focus on assessing, assigning and adapting.
Unconventional collecting in extraordinary times documenting the pandemic through a covid-19 zine collection

When COVID-19 caused the world to go into lockdown in early 2020, some were inspired to create zines documenting their lives and experiences during the pandemic. That spring, The Ohio State University’s Rare Books a Manuscripts Library (RBML) began seeking out these publications, and now has a collection of more than 80 COVID-19 and quarantine zines. This article discusses how and why RBML has developed this zine collection, including the process of finding and acquiring zines, exploring their content, and plans for the collection.
Jejunal strangulation and incarceration associated with bilateral perineal hernias in a neutered male dog

Case description An 8-year-old 6.8-kg neutered male Dachshund was presented for evaluation of vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and swelling over the right perineal region. The dog had a history of a bilateral perineal herniorrhaphy and castration 14 months prior to presentation. Clinical findings Bilateral perineal hernias were confirmed by digital rectal examination. Abdominal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of intestine within the right hernia. Three days after admission to the hospital, the region of the right perineal hernia became painful, erythematous, and edematous. Computed tomography revealed jejunal incarceration within the right hernia with dilation of 1 jejunal segment that indicated intestinal obstruction. Treatment and outcome Abdominal exploratory surgery was performed, during which irreducible small intestinal incarceration was confirmed. Intra-abdominal jejunal resection and anastomosis was performed, and an approximately 13-cm-long section of the jejunum was resected. Bilateral perineal herniorrhaphies with internal obturator and superficial gluteal muscle transposition were performed. Six months after surgery, digital rectal examination of the dog revealed that the repair was intact. The dog had no perineal hernia-related clinical signs at the time of the recheck examination. Clinical relevance For the dog of the present report, surgical management of small intestinal strangulation associated with a perineal hernia was successful. Although a portion of the small intestines can frequently be found within perineal hernias in dogs, perineal hernia-related small intestinal strangulation has not been previously described, to the authors' knowledge. Veterinarians and clients should be aware of this potential complication secondary to perineal hernia and be prepared to perform an abdominal surgical procedure to address small intestinal incarceration in affected dogs.
God and the Founders: Madison, Washington, and Jefferson

Introduction: the Founders, religious freedom, and the First Amendment's religion clauses Part I. The Founders' Church-State Political Philosophies: 1. James Madison's principle of state noncognizance of religion 2. George Washington on church and state: religion and the civic good 3. Thomas Jefferson's natural rights philosophy and anticlerical politics of religious liberty Part II. The Founders and the First Amendment Religion Clauses: 4. Madison's, Washington's, and Jefferson's church-state doctrines 5. Madison, Washington, Jefferson and the establishment clause 6. Madison, Washington, Jefferson and the free exercise clause 7. The Founders v. the Supreme Court Conclusion: the Founders and church-state jurisprudence Appendix A: James Madison, memorial and remonstrance against religious assessments Appendix B: Patrick Henry, a bill 'establishing a provision for teachers of the Christian religion' Appendix C: Thomas Jefferson, a bill for establishing religious freedom in Virginia.
Mixed-Sensitivity H∞ Control and µ Analysis of Active Automobile Suspension

This study presents an H∞ -based robust control design for an active automobile suspension system and compares its performance with a previously designed robust LQG controller and a well tuned PI controller from contemporary literature. The robustness of the controller designs is assessed by performing μ analysis of the closed loop system. The H∞ problem is formulated as a stacked nominal performance problem. The weighting functions on complementary sensitivity, sensitivity, and controller transfer functions are chosen to obtain desirable trade-off in performance and robustness. The main objective of the controller design is to provide ride comfort for passengers. The controller design presented in this paper is shown to provide robust stability as well as desirable robust performance which is an improvement over the previously designed robust LQG controller and a PI controller chosen from contemporary literature.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Methodological Problems in the Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Literature: A Review of Studies on Sophocles': Antigone

Through a critical review of several studies dealing with Sophocles' drama, the Antigone, I have explored some of the prominent methodological problems encountered in the psychoanalytic interpretation of literature. Foremost among these is the inherent difficulty that the interpretation of literature is unable to benefit from the process of the analytic situation. Divorced from the realities of the therapeutic process, the drama itself is often used to corroborate an author's theoretical bias or to advance some special interest, with consequent distortion or blurring of the text. Although data about the artist's life and sociocultural environment may be of crucial significance, it is the text itself that must be the ultimate object of study. Through a re-examination of the Antigone as an aesthetic totality I have sketched out what appears to be an alternative manner of approaching the drama, and suggested that works of art reach us on both unconscious and conscious levels. I have stressed the need to analyze our emotional response to a work as affording a valuable source of insight into the work itself. Throughout, I have drawn attention to the need for greater scholarly rigor and the value of interdisciplinary collaboration. An open recognition of the problems in the psychoanalytic study of literature should serve to minimize dilettantism and raise the level of scholarship.
Slow-wave phenomena and pulse distortions in optically excited Schottky-contacted coplanar waveguide

The slow-wave phenomena and the pulse distortions in optically excited Schottky-contacted coplanar waveguides are analyzed in this paper. The localized excitation model presented is formulated by the combination of the original and frequency-dependent versions of the FDTD method. Some attractive physical properties of Schottky-contacted CPW under optical illumination are examined. >
Inverted Papillomas and Benign Nonneoplastic Lesions of the Nasal Cavity

BackgroundBenign lesions of the nasal cavity represent a diverse group of pathologies. Furthermore, each of these disorders may present differently in any given patient as pain and discomfort, epis...
Effect of secondary relaxations on diffraction from high-Σ [001] twist boundaries

Abstract The types of diffraction effects which may be expected from secondary relaxations in high-Σ [001] twist boundaries are calculated and discussed. An idealized two-plane model is used which incorporates secondary relaxations by rotating patches of boundary about coincident site lattice elements normal to the boundary. Local relaxations within the patches are also employed using rotational relaxations about local O-lattice elements in a manner consistent with earlier results. The main effect of secondary relaxations is the splitting of grain boundary reflections into small clusters which fall on a “grain boundary dislocation lattice”. This localized splitting is significant only when the deviation of the boundary from a nearby low-Σ misorientation becomes sufficiently large. Under these circumstances a noticeable distortion of the diffraction pattern can also occur. The results are compared with some X-ray diffraction observations from twist boundaries in gold.
Oat blue dwarf marafivirus resembles the tymoviruses in sequence, genome organization, and expression strategy.

Abstract The complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of oat blue dwarf marafivirus (OBDV) were determined. The 6509 nucleotide RNA genome encodes a putative 227-kDa polyprotein (p227) with sequence motifs similar to the methyltransferase, papain-like protease, helicase, and polymerase motifs present in the nonstructural proteins of other positive strand RNA viruses. The 3′ end of the open reading frame (ORF) that encodes p227 (ORF 227) also encodes the two capsid proteins: a 24-kDa capsid protein is presumably cleaved from the p227 polyprotein, whereas the 21-kDa capsid protein appears to be translated from a subgenomic RNA (sgRNA). Encoded amino acid and nucleotide sequence comparisons, as well as the OBDV genome expression strategy, show that OBDV closely resembles the tymoviruses. OBDV differs from the tymoviruses in its general biology, in its lack of a putative movement gene that overlaps the replication-associated genes, and in its fusion of the capsid gene sequences to the major ORF. OBDV also possesses a 3′ poly(A) tail, as compared to the tRNA-like structures found in most tymoviral genomes. Due to the strong similarities in genome sequence and expression strategy, OBDV, and presumably the other marafiviruses, should be considered a member of the tymovirus lineage of the alpha-like plant viruses.