cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social networks, stress and health-related quality of life

Although evidence suggests that social networks reduce the risk of mortality and are negatively associated with severe mental disability, little is known about their relationship to everyday functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In addition, the importance of social networks in the presence of chronic stress remains unclear. We examined the association between social networks and aspects of mental functioning (mental health, vitality and role-emotional functioning) and the relationship between social networks and mental functioning in the presence of stressors. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to examine data in 47,912 middle-aged and older healthy women. The Medical Outcomes Study Shortform Health Survey measured dimensions of quality of life. We observed strong associations between levels of social networks and multivariate-adjusted quality of life scores, particularly in potentially high stress situations. Compared to the most socially integrated, women who were socially isolated had reductions in mental health and vitality scores of 6.5 and 7.4 points, respectively and a 60% increased risk of limitation in role-emotional functioning. Social networks are positively associated with mental functioning in women. This association is strongest for women reporting high levels of home and work stressors.
Access to Revascularization Among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in New York City—Impact of Hospital Resources

Timely revascularization can improve survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Identification of factors associated with increased use of revascularization in appropriate patients could improve outcomes. Using New York City hospital discharge records for 1988–1992 and 1998–2002, we determined revascularization rates for patients hospitalized with MI by neighborhood. Odds ratios for revascularization were estimated using a spatial model adjusting for neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics, while accounting for similarities in the rate of revascularization among geographically adjacent neighborhoods. Only 16 out of 112 New York City hospitals performed coronary revascularization. They were located in 14 of 41 neighborhoods. In general, patients living in neighborhoods with higher percentages of patients admitted to hospitals capable of revascularization service were more likely to be revascularized than those in neighborhoods with low percentages of patients admitted to hospitals with revascularization resources. This was true regardless of neighborhood availability of revascularization, after accounting for neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics and patients' clinical status. Revascularization rates in New York City increased from 1988–1992 to 1998–2002 in every neighborhood and as a whole from 103 to 326 per 1,000 hospitalized AMI patients. This increase was not explained by the addition of new revascularization services. Thus, in New York City, where only certain hospitals can perform revascularization, efficient delivery of patients to hospitals with these resources appears to increase the likelihood of revascularization performance among AMI patients without increasing the number of new hospitals capable of revascularization.
Associations between human papillomavirus and history of cancer among U.S. adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2010)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an infectious agent that has been associated with human cancer. We have updated the U.S. population sero-prevalence using a large National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) sample of adults from 2003 to 2010, and have analysed the associations between HPV seropositivity and self-reported history of cancer. Four cross-sectional cycles (2003–2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, and 2009–2010) were used, for a total of 12 759 participants who had both cancer history and HPV serum information. The sero-prevalences of HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 were 15.0%, 4.8%, 11.5%, and 4.1%, respectively. Females had significantly higher HPV prevalence than males (P<0.05) for all subtypes. Positive associations between HPV 16/18 seropositivity and lifetime history of any cancer (adjusted odds ratio-ORadj=1.68; 95% CI: 1.35, 2.01), history of any of eight selected cancers (ORadj=2.63; 95% CI: 1.78, 3.90), lung cancer (ORadj=5.14; 95% CI: 1.29, 20.44), and cervical cancer (ORadj=2.55; 95% CI: 1.63, 3.98) were observed. The finding of significant associations between HPV 16/18 seropositivity and lifetime history of cancer adds epidemiological evidence to the carcinogenicity potential of HPV 16 and 18 in other tissues. With increasing coverage of the HPV vaccine in the U.S., future NHANES data and sample collection may allow further detailed evaluation of the population impact of the HPV vaccination on cancer prevention.
Automatic Mass Balancing of Air-Bearing-Based Three-Axis Rotational Spacecraft Simulator

Abstract : Air-bearing-based spacecraft simulators are widely used to develop and verify spacecraft control techniques required by modern spacecraft applications. To create a spacelike environment with ground spacecraft simulators, the effects of gravity should be minimized. For a spherical air-bearing system with 3 rotational degrees of freedom, the center of rotation of the spacecraft simulator should be exactly aligned with the center of gravity. This paper presents the automatic mass balancing method, which compensates for the center of gravity offset from the center of rotation by actuating three proof masses on linear motion stages. Adaptive control of the automatic mass balancing system is used while the balancing masses are actuated in real time. The proposed techniques are implemented on the ground-based three-axis spacecraft simulator for the bifocal relay mirror spacecraft.
Progressive Damage of Unidirectional Graphite/Epoxy Composites Containing a Circular Hole

In this paper, experimental and finite element results are presented to describe the anisotropic states of stress, strain and damage of unidirectional graphite/epoxy composite plates containing a central hole subjected to off-axis uniaxial tension. The nonlinear stress analysis of the laminates is based on the finite element procedure formulated with a newly developed anisotropic damage model, in which the inelastic behavior of composite material is attributed to the irreversible thermodynamics processes involving energy dissipation and stiffness change primarily caused by the presence of micro-structural changes of the material. Moire interferometry, a high sensitivity whole-field experimental technique, with a computer image processing system is used to determine and to interrogate the two-dimensional deformation field in the composites. Results from the tests and analysis clearly reveal the anisotropic damage characteristics and the influence of principal material direction on the deformation response ...
Occupational Lung Disease

The term occupational lung disease encompasses the broad category of airway, lung parenchymal, and pleural disorders that occur due to the inhalation of natural occurring and manmade agents of various chemical and physical compositions. This chapter will describe the classic mineral dust exposures of asbestos, silica, and coal. In addition, examples of immune-mediated occupational lung disease will be reviewed including berylliosis, hard metal disease, and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. In more recent years, airway diseases including occupational asthma have become the leading cause of work-related lung disorders in the industrialized world. While imaging is rarely necessary in occupational asthma, several entities associated with bronchiolitis obliterans will be discussed.
Phase I trial of combretastatin a-4 phosphate with carboplatin.

Purpose: Preclinical evidence of synergy led to a phase I trial employing combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA4P), a novel tubulin-binding antivascular drug, in combination with carboplatin. Experimental Design: Based on preclinical scheduling studies, patients were treated on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Carboplatin was given as a 30-minute i.v. infusion and CA4P was given 60 minutes later as a 10-minute infusion. Results: Sixteen patients with solid tumors received 40 cycles of therapy at CA4P doses of 27 and 36 mg/m 2 together with carboplatin at area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values of 4 and 5 mg min/mL. The dose-limiting toxicity of thrombocytopenia halted the dose escalation phase of the study. Four patients were treated at an amended dose level of CA4P of 36 mg/m 2 and carboplatin AUC of 4 mg min/mL although grade 3 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were still observed. Three lines of evidence are adduced to suggest that a pharmacokinetic interaction between the drugs results in greater thrombocytopenia than anticipated: the carboplatin exposure (as AUC) was greater than predicted; the platelet nadirs were lower than predicted; and the deviation of the carboplatin exposure from predicted was proportional to the AUC of CA4, the active metabolite of CA4P. Patient benefit included six patients with stable disease lasting at least four cycles. Conclusion: This study of CA4P and carboplatin given in combination showed dose-limiting thrombocytopenia. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling permitted the inference that altered carboplatin pharmacokinetics caused the increment in platelet toxicity.
Large-scale chromatin decondensation and recondensation regulated by transcription from a natural promoter.

We have examined the relationship between transcription and chromatin structure using a tandem array of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter driving a ras reporter. The array was visualized as a distinctive fluorescent structure in live cells stably transformed with a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which localizes to the repeated MMTV elements after steroid hormone treatment. Also found at the array by immunofluorescence were two different steroid receptor coactivators (SRC1 and CBP) with acetyltransferase activity, a chromatin remodeler (BRG1), and two transcription factors (NFI and AP-2). Within 3 h after hormone addition, arrays visualized by GFP-GR or DNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) decondensed to varying degrees, in the most pronounced cases from a ∼0.5-μm spot to form a fiber 1–10 μm long. Arrays later recondensed by 3–8 h of hormone treatment. The degree of decondensation was proportional to the amount of transcript produced by the array as detected by RNA FISH. Decondensation was blocked by two different drugs that inhibit polymerase II, 5,6-dichloro-1-β-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) and α-amanitin. These observations demonstrate a role for polymerase in producing and maintaining decondensed chromatin. They also support fiber-packing models of higher order structure and suggest that transcription from a natural promoter may occur at much higher DNA-packing densities than reported previously.
Strength and Safety in Numbers: Considering the Social Implications of Regulatory Focus

The present article examines how individual and situational differences in individuals' regulatory focus on nurturance and gain (promotion) and on security and safety (prevention) may have significant, and distinct, social and interpersonal implications. We first review recent research examining how significant others affect goal pursuit and how individual differences in regulatory focus may moderate the various behavioral, evaluative, and experiential manifestations of social identification. We then consider how regulatory focus moderates the way in which people "size up" their social world in terms of the efficiency in which they identify and appraise motivationally relevant aspects of their social environment. Finally, we explore how regulatory focus moderates people's deliberate and automatic reactions to the beliefs, expectations, behavior, and emotions of other individuals and social groups.
Pressure Effect of Seebeck Coeffcient for Zinc Doped Tin Clathrates

We measured the temperature dependence of electrical resistance (R) and thermopower (S) of Cs8Zn4Sn42 under high pressure up to 1.2 GPa. Both R and ∣S∣ at room temperature increased with pressure. We observed gap widening, irreversible ∣S∣ increasing under high pressure, which were similar to the behaviors of Cs8Sn44. However, the relaxation e.ect of R for Cs8Zn4Sn42 was negligible in contrast with that of Cs8Sn44. We found that the power factor S2σ (σ: electrical conductivity) near room temperature decreased linearly with pressure. The results suggest that the defects in different forms played an important role in transport properties for tin clathrates under high pressure.
Verifiable Credit Based Transfers in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Encouraging cooperation between users of mobile devices operating in ad hoc mode is a difficult task mostly because the scarce battery and bandwidth resources of devices suggest that selfish behavior may be most beneficial. The insecure usage of credits to reward cooperation can easily provide an incentive for cheating, thus, on the long term only leading to selfishness. In this paper we propose several secure credit based mechanisms enforcing fairness in a hybrid wireless content retrieval system operating both in cellular and ad hoc connectivity modes. Our solution consists of mechanisms for securely and privately discovering desired content on neighboring devices, simultaneously exchanging credit and content shares in a verifiable manner and for generating and expiring non-forgeable credits. We present experimental results of a partial prototype of our system implemented on MPx and E680i cellular phones and HP iPaq hx4700 PDAs, along with extensive simulation results showing that our solution significantly reduces the effectiveness of selfish behavior, making it an unattractive strategy.
Arteriovenous Malformation Arising on Persistent Sciatic Vessels

Background A persistent sciatic artery is a rare congenital anomaly, and an arteriovenous malformation arising on persistent sciatic vessels is extremely rare. Methods This report presents the case of a 30-year-old female with persistent sciatic vessels complicated with an arteriovenous malformation in the right buttock. It was surgically inaccessible, and a three-staged transcatheter embolization using 20% N- butyl-cyanoacrylate/80% lipiodol was performed. Results The arteriovenous malformation was shown to have been extinguished by multidetector computed tomography. Conclusions This report presents the first case of persistent sciatic vessels complicated with an arteriovenous malformation treated by transcatheter embolization.
Nutritional Translation Blended With Food Science: 21st Century Applications

This paper, based on the symposium “Real-World Nutritional Translation Blended With Food Science,” describes how an integrated “farm-to-cell” approach would create the framework necessary to address pressing public health issues. The paper describes current research that examines chemical reactions that may influence food flavor (and ultimately food consumption) and posits how these reactions can be used in health promotion; it explains how mechanical engineering and computer modeling can study digestive processes and provide better understanding of how physical properties of food influence nutrient bioavailability and posits how this research can also be used in the fight against obesity and diabetes; and it illustrates how an interdisciplinary scientific collaboration led to the development of a novel functional food that may be used clinically in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.
Cholera toxin B subunit activates arachidonic acid metabolism

Cholera toxin (CT) increases intestinal secretion of water and electrolytes and modulates the mucosal immune response by stimulating cellular synthesis of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites (e.g., prostaglandin E2), as well as the intracellular second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP). While much is known about the mechanism of CT stimulation of adenylate cyclase, the toxin’s activation of phospholipase A2, which results in increased hydrolysis of AA from membrane phospholipids, is not well understood. To determine whether CT activation of AA metabolism requires CT’s known enzymatic activity (i.e., ADP-ribosylation of GSα), we used native CT and a mutant CT protein (CT-2*) lacking ADP-ribose transferase activity in combination with S49 wild-type (WT) and S49 cyc− murine Theta (Th)1.2-positive lymphoma cells deficient in GSα. The experimental results showed that native CT stimulated the release of [3H[AA from S49 cyc− cells at a level similar to that for S49 WT cells, indicating that GSα is not essential for this process. Further, levels of cAMP in the CT-treated cyc− cells remained the same as those in the untreated control cells. The ADP-ribosyltransferase-deficient CT-2* protein, which was incapable of increasing synthesis of cAMP, displayed about the same capacity as CT to evoke the release of [3H]AA metabolites from both S49 WT and cyc− cells. We concluded that stimulation of arachidonate metabolism in S49 murine lymphoma cells by native CT does not require enzymatically functional CT, capable of catalyzing the ADP-ribosylation reaction. These results demonstrated for the first time that stimulation of adenylate cyclase by CT and stimulation of AA metabolism by CT are not necessarily coregulated. In addition, the B subunits purified from native CT and CT-2* both simulated the release of [3H]AA from S49 cyc− cells and murine monocyte/macrophage cells (RAW 264.7), suggesting a receptor-mediated cell activation process of potential importance in enhancing immune responses to vaccine components.
Passive-sensor data association for tracking: a PC software

ABSTRACT This paper describes a PC software package for the following problem : We are given multiple passive sensors, each with a number of detections at a given time. With each detection, there is an associated line-of-sight measurement originating from a source. The source can be either a real target, inwhich case the measurements are azimuth and elevation angles of the target, plus some measurementnoise, or a spurious one, i.e., a false alarm. Position estimates of targets can be formed by associatingmeasurements originating from it. Mathematically, the measurement-target association problem leads toa generalized assignment problem. The problem of forming position estimates of multiple targets in a dense cluster, from passive sensor measurements at a given time, require at least three sensors. However, for three sensors, the three-dimensional assignment is known to be NP-complete, i.e., the complexity of the optimal algorithm increases exponentially with the size of the problem. The
Dot probe performance in two specific phobias.

Objectives. The present study applied MacLeod, Mathews & Tata's (1986) dot probe attentional deployment methodology to individuals with specific phobias. Design. Attentional deployment towards spider-related, blood-related, positive, negative, and neutral words was examined. Method. Individuals with either spider phobia (N = 13) or blood/injury phobia (N = 14) and non-anxious controls (N = 14) completed the dot probe attentional deployment task. Results. Individuals with specific phobias did not demonstrate an attentional bias towards phobia-related stimuli relevant to their particular fears. Conclusion. Semantic-based information processing paradigms may not be sufficiently potent to demonstrate biased performance towards threatening stimuli in individuals with mild specific phobias who are otherwise healthy.
Gene Ontology annotation highlights shared and divergent pathogenic strategies of type III effector proteins deployed by the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 and animal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains.

Genome-informed identification and characterization of Type III effector repertoires in various bacterial strains and species is revealing important insights into the critical roles that these proteins play in the pathogenic strategies of diverse bacteria. However, non-systematic discipline-specific approaches to their annotation impede analysis of the accumulating wealth of data and inhibit easy communication of findings among researchers working on different experimental systems. The development of Gene Ontology (GO) terms to capture biological processes occurring during the interaction between organisms creates a common language that facilitates cross-genome analyses. The application of these terms to annotate type III effector genes in different bacterial species – the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 and animal pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli – illustrates how GO can effectively describe fundamental similarities and differences among different gene products deployed as part of diverse pathogenic strategies. In depth descriptions of the GO annotations for P. syringae pv tomato DC3000 effector AvrPtoB and the E. coli effector Tir are described, with special emphasis given to GO capability for capturing information about interacting proteins and taxa. GO-highlighted similarities in biological process and molecular function for effectors from additional pathosystems are also discussed.
The fading periods of the E-region coupling echo at 150 kc/s

Abstract Studies have been made on the fading periods of pulsed 150-kc/s waves returned from the coupling region in the lower ionosphere. Two dominant distributions of the fading periods have been found, centred on two different frequencies, yielding information regarding the diffracting region responsible for the observed fading.
Is single observer identification of wound infection a reliable endpoint

Abstract The majority of wound studies over the past 20 years have relied on single observer determination of infection presence or absence as a study endpoint. Nevertheless, there are few data on the reliability of those determinations. If single observer determinations are not reliable, the validity of studies using this endpoint should be questioned. Two physicians independently evaluated wounds for presence or absence of the primary endpoint of infection and the secondary endpoints of purulence, tenderness, warmth, and erythema. Kappa values were calculated as measures of inter-observer agreement, which was used as a measure of reliability. Of 125 patients enrolled, 115 wounds were available for analysis. Kappa =.57 [95%CI.39 to .75] for the primary endpoint of infection, .84 for purulence, .72 for tenderness, .48 for warmth, and .48 for erythema. Agreement on two features of infection and overall agreement on the presence or absence of wound infection was only ‘moderate.’ Single observer determination of wound infection by inexperienced observers using imprecise definitions, though commonly used, is an unreliable measure for scientific study.
Effect of Day-Old Debeaking on the Performance of Pullets

Abstract As the practice of day-old debeaking becomes more widespread for broiler production (Darrow and Stotts, 1954; Camp et al. 1955; and others), there is increasing interest in the effect of debeaking of pullet chicks which will ultimately be used in egg-production flocks. Commonly asked questions are: Will debeaking hinder growth or lengthen age to sexual maturity? Will debeaking increase or reduce mortality? Will debeaking increase the percentage of culls at housing time? The trial reported herein was conducted in an effort to help answer these questions. MATERIALS AND RESULTS On March 9, 1955, newly hatched New Hampshire pullets at the South Dakota State College Agricultural Experiment Station were randomly separated into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 218 chicks which were untreated. One-hundred-eleven group 2 chicks had ⅓ of the upper and lower beaks removed. One-half of the upper beak only was removed from 108 group 3 chicks. There were …
SMALL ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING INVESTIGATION OF THE SPECIES FORMED IN THE EXTRACTION OF Sr(II) BY MIXTURES OF DI-n-OCTYLPHOSPHORIC ACID AND DICYCLOHEXANO-18-CROWN-6

ABSTRACT Deuterated toluene solutions of di-n-octylphosphoric acid, HDOP, containing Sr+ extracted from 0.1 M LiNO3 aqueous solutions, were investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The extractions were also performed in the presence of either the cis-syn-cis or the cis-anti-cis stereoisomer of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6) in combination with HDOP in the toluene phase. The addition of the crown ether increased metal extraction into the organic phase over that observed with HDOP alone (synergistic extraction), The cis-syn-cis isomer was more effective than the cis-anti-cis isomer in enhancing Sr(II) extraction in the synergistic system. The SANS results confirmed that when the metal cation is extracted by HDOP present in large stoichiometric excess, the predominant species formed in the organic phase can be described as Sr(H(DOP)2)2 with 2 extra HDOP molecules solvating the complex. In the synergistic crown ether-HDOP system, the SANS data are consistent with solvent extraction data sugg...
Statistical semantics of phrases in hierarchical contexts

The research in this dissertation is centered around the study of phrasal semantics in varying corpora contexts. We embrace a statistical approach to semantics in which corpora statistics are used to characterize meaning. The linguistic issues we concentrate on are the phenomena of semantic compositionality and collocational constraints. The semantic compositionality of a phrase is the extent to which the meaning of the phrase is inferred from the typical meanings associated with its constituents. For example, the meaning of the phrase DATABASE SOFTWARE is highly compositional, whereas the meaning of the phrase BULL'S EYE or POLITICALLY CORRECT is highly noncompositional. Collocational constraints are restrictions in language that determine which words can co-occur with which other words. Not all collocational constraints exist between words that are syntactically modifying each other. We study the interaction between collocational constraints and phrasal indexing by performing an in-depth comparison of syntactic and statistical approaches to phrasal indexing in Information Retrieval. We study the issue of compositionality in statistical semantics by first determining how effective various statistical measures are at measuring semantic compositionality in phrases. We then use these same measures to study whether the semantic compositionality of a phrase can be used to determine the effectiveness of the phrase and its constituents as index terms. Another theme of our research is the effect of varying corpora contexts on statistical approaches to semantics. Text collections are often heterogeneous; the larger a collection is, the more likely it has been generated by many different authors using very different vocabularies and covering many different topics. Therefore, global statistics can become problematic if local variations in word usage patterns are lost. One particular research issue we focus on is how the semantic compositionality of a phrase can vary across the subcontexts of a larger, more heterogeneous collection. We also study the effect of global versus local statistics on performance in Information Retrieval. By global, we mean statistics computed using the entire collection; by local, we mean statistics computed using a smaller, more topically cohesive subset of the collection. All together, this research has furthered our understanding of the statistical semantics of phrases in hierarchical contexts.
C-reactive protein in febrile children 1 to 36 months of age with clinically undetectable serious bacterial infection.

Objective. To determine the diagnostic properties of quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP) associated with clinically undetectable serious bacterial infection (SBI) in febrile children 1 to 36 months of age. Methods. Febrile children presenting to a pediatric emergency department (ED) with ages ranging from 1 to 36 months, temperatures ≥39°C, and clinically undetectable source of fever were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Demographic information, ED temperature, duration of fever, and clinical evaluation using the Yale observation scale were recorded at the time of the initial evaluation. The white blood cell count (WBC), band count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and CRP concentration were measured at the same time. All patients received blood cultures and either a screening urinalysis or urine culture. A chest radiograph was obtained at the discretion of the ED physician. Patients with history of using antibiotics within 1 week of their presentation to the ED were excluded. The main outcome result was the presence of laboratory or radiographically proven SBI (bacteremia, meningitis, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis). Results. Seventy-seven patients were enrolled in the study. Fourteen (18%) had a SBI (6 urinary tract infection; 4 pneumonia, including 1 patient with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia; and 4 occult S pneumoniae bacteremia), and 63 had no SBI. The 2 groups were indistinguishable in age, sex, ED temperature, duration of fever, and Yale observation scale. CRP concentration, WBC, and ANC were significantly different between the 2 groups. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, only CRP remained as a predictor of SBI (Beta = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64, 0.89). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis demonstrated CRP (area under curve [AUC] 0.905, standard error [SE] 0.05, 95% CI: 0.808, 1.002) to be superior to ANC (AUC 0.805, SE 0.051, 95% CI: 0.705, 0.905) and to WBC (AUC 0.761, SE 0.068, 95% CI: 0.628, 0.895). A CRP cutoff point of 7 was determined to maximize both sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity 79%, specificity 91%, likelihood ratio 8.3, 95% CI: 3.8, 27.3). Multilevel likelihood ratios and posttest probabilities were calculated for a variety of CRP levels. A CRP concentration of Conclusions. Quantitative CRP concentration is a valuable laboratory test in the evaluation of febrile young children who are at risk for occult bacteremia and SBI, with a better predictive value than the WBC or ANC.
A promiscuous mating system in the Blue Bird of Paradise Paradisaea rudolphi

We studied nesting behaviour, spatial dispersion of display areas and home range dynamics in the Blue Bird of Paradise Paradisaea rudolphi. We found that (1) females carried out nesting duties alone; (2) males displayed from solitary and dispersed sites; (3) female home ranges overlapped, and (4) males had access to and displayed to numerous females. These data suggest a promiscuous mating system in the Blue Bird of Paradise and resolve earlier controversy over this issue.
Transnational patterns among Asian American and Latina/o American children of immigrants from Southern California

ABSTRACTA growing literature has examined the prevalence of transnational engagement among children of immigrants. However, few studies have been equipped to analyse underlying dynamics that serve to impede or perpetuate transnational practices among them in the United States. In this article, we compare transnationalism narratives between 1.5- and second-generation children of immigrants to more fully adjudicate enduring transnational ties over time. Our analysis of 134 interviews from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study suggests that children of immigrants from Southern California conceptualise transnational experiences in diverse but remarkably similar ways. The meanings attached to transnational behaviours and identities employ certain patterns, and are often related to strength of kin-based ties, ethnic language fluency, and levels of structural access to the homeland. Moreover, findings indicate that the second-generation is nearly as transnationally engaged as the 1.5-generation. This pro...
Sparse Discriminative Feature Selection for Multi-class Alzheimer’s Disease Classification

In neuroimaging studies, high dimensionality and small sample size have been always an issue, and it is common to apply a dimension reduction method to avoid the over-fitting problem. Broadly, there are two different approaches in reducing the feature dimensionality: feature selection and subspace learning. When it comes to the feature interpretability, the feature selection approach such as the sparse regularized linear regression method is preferable to the subspace learning methods, especially in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) diagnosis. However, based on recent machine learning researches, the subspace learning methods presented promising results in various applications. To this end, in this work, we propose a novel method for discriminative feature selection by combining two conceptually different methodologies of feature selection and subspace learning in a unified framework. Specifically, we integrate the ideas of Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis and locality preserving projection, which consider, respectively, the global and local information inherent in observations, in a regularized least square regression model. With the help of global and local information in data, we select class-discriminative and noise-resistant features that thus help enhance classification performance. Furthermore, unlike the previous methods that mostly considered only a binary classification, in this paper, we consider a multi-class classification problem in AD diagnosis. Our experiments on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset showed the efficacy of the proposed method by enhancing the performances in multi-class AD classification.
Development of a Particulate Trap System for a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

Concept feasibility of a burner-bypass particulate trap system for a heavy-duty diesel engine has been demonstrated. The success of this demonstration resulted from the development of a new method of controlling the thermal regeneration process which avoids melting, thermal cracking, and thermal fatigue of the cordierite ceramic trap element
Correlates and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Bareback Sex Among Men Who Have Sex with Men with Unknown or Negative HIV Serostatus

Men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly racial/ethnic minority MSM, are disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States and Texas. Bareback sex or condomless anal intercourse (CAI) can be a high HIV risk behavior. Despite this, a majority of MSM continues to engage in barebacking. Research suggests racial/ethnic differences in barebacking exist; however, these conclusions remain unclear due to insufficient sample sizes to compare racial/ethnic groups. Our cross-sectional correlational design explores barebacking correlates (substance use during sex, safe sex fatigue, and optimistic HIV treatment beliefs) within and between racial/ethnic groups among 366 MSM. Regression models are significant for Latino and African-American MSM alone and for all MSM combined, though not significant for European-American and Other Race/Ethnicity MSM alone. Our findings suggest motivations and behaviors underlying barebacking among MSM vary by racial/ethnic membership with clinical implications for informing culturally sensitive HIV interventions and prevention programs for target racial/ethnic groups.
PROCESS MINERALOGY OF ROASTED PYRITE AND ARSENOPYRITE

Process mineralogical techniques can provide useful information on the mineralogy and textures shown by pyrite and arsenopyrite particles that have been roasted to enhance extraction of gold from refractory gold ores. Dark-field reflected-light microscopy has been found to especially reveal the extent of development of porosity and permeability in the roasted particles. X-ray diffraction has been used to identify the fine-grained, calcium-bearing phases in the roast. Cathodoluminescence microscopy holds promise as a rapid technique for studying the calcium-bearing phases.
Fate of Mannide Monoöleate in the Animal Body

SummaryIn the quantities administered in these experiments mannide monoiileate appears to be neither acutely nor chronically toxic to the white rat and to be innocuous in the diet of the Rhesus macacus monkey. Mannide monoijleate is absorbed from the intestinal tract of the white rat. No damage was observed to the important viscera of the white rat or monkey after an 8-week feeding period with mannide monoijleate.
Abraham Lincoln "On This Question of Judicial Authority": the Theory of Constitutional Aspiration:

the meaning of the Constitution. From Hamilton's early forays into the field of judicial review to the most recent explorations, most notably in the work of John Hart Ely (1980), the elaboration of important statements, or theories, of judicial review have been predicated on more or less clear renderings of constitutional purpose and design. This article will examine one such effort, that of Abraham Lincoln, whose famous argument on the limits of judicial supremacy provides the occasion for students of public law to piece together a coherent and illuminating constitutional theory. It is one that is responsive to the question raised by Lincoln in his third debate with Stephen Douglas: "What do you understand by supporting the Constitution of ... the United States?" (Collected Works, III, 1953: 130). As a part of this examination the article will discuss Professor Ely's thoughtful and widely acclaimed analysis, an analysis which, it is the argument here, represents a sharply divergent perspective on judicial review from that supported by Lincoln. The purpose, one should add, of invoking the contrary authority of someone of Lincoln's stature is not to attack Ely's work, or indeed to diminish his considerable scholarly achievement, but rather to suggest the distance we have traveled in a century of constitutional jurisprudence. Although Lincoln nowhere undertakes anything like the systematic analysis of judicial review found in Democracy and Distrust, his numerous reflections on a variety of legal and political issues enable one to formulate a Lincolnian legal philosophy, which in the succeeding pages will be characterized as the theory of constitutional aspiration. In this theory, the Supreme Court plays a prominent, though far from exclusive, role in the national striving to fulfill the substantive ideals of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. The view of the Constitution as a document embodying substantive ideals is not, of course, of only historical interest. Indeed, Ely's work is partly to be understood as a reaction to the popularity of this (for Ely, ill-founded) perception in the recent work of judges and constitutional scholars. In one important sense, however, this modern interpretation of the "substantive" constitution1 is not unlike Ely's "process" view, in that both accounts would find fault in an understanding according to which the substantive meaning of the document could be derived from princi-
Envelope-dependent transactivation by the retroviral oncoprotein v-Rel is required for efficient malignant transformation of chicken spleen cells

The retroviral oncoprotein v-Rel is a chimeric protein that has 11 helper virus-derived Envelope (Env) amino acids (aa) at its N terminus. Within these N-terminal Env aa of v-Rel there are three aa substitutions compared to the Rev-A helper virus Env. These aa substitutions have previously been shown to impart a number of unique properties onto v-Rel, including increased transforming and transactivating ability. In this study, we have analysed the sequence requirements for the Env aa to influence several properties of v-Rel. Phe residues at aa 3 and 9 are critical for an N-terminal transactivation function of v-Rel, and the analysis of several Env mutants demonstrates that transactivation ability parallels the transforming ability of v-Rel. Substitutions of conservative aa, such as leucine and tyrosine, for Phe 3 and 9 are tolerated for transactivation in chicken embryo fibroblasts and for transformation of chicken spleen cells. In contrast, the substitution of 10 Phe residues at the N terminus of v-Rel does not enable transactivation, indicating that a distinct structure surrounding Phe-3 and Phe-9 is essential for v-Rel function. We also show that the addition of the v-Rel Env aa to the N terminus of human c-Rel can enable it to activate transcription. Taken together, these results indicate that Phe residues at positions 3 and 9 have been selected for their ability to enhance the oncogenicity of v-Rel by increasing its ability to activate transcription.
Finding Value in Unexpected Places — Fixing the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule

A substantially improved, carefully managed Medicare Physician Fee Schedule could pave the way to more fundamental value-based payment reform and improve performance among physicians, who are likely to be paid according to fee schedules for the foreseeable future.
Demonstration of Digital Pheromone Swarming Control of Multiple Unmanned Air Vehicles

The use of digital pheromones for controlling and coordinating swarms of unmanned vehicles has been studied under various conditions demonstrating their effectiveness in multiple military scenarios in simulation. An experiment was conducted to verify that these same algorithms could effectively coordinate unmanned vehicles in a simulated exercise. Two air vehicles (modified target drones) controlled by digital pheromones and four ground robots controlled by a related stigmergic algorithm successfully executed a two-hour multi-mission surveillance, patrol, target acquisition, and tracking scenario without any scripting. The vehicles were given only high-level instructions, such as “survey this area and identify and track any targets” or “patrol around this convoy”. The air vehicles were able to dynamically adapt to new commands and coordinate their actions with each other and the ground robots to achieve the objectives. The algorithm’s robustness was demonstrated when it dynamically adjusted to the unplanned failure of one of the ground robots without any operator intervention.
Terrorism and visibility in Algeria’s ‘black decade’: Des hommes et des dieux (2010):

This article addresses the audio-visual representation of the victims of Islamic fundamentalist terrorism in Algeria in the 1990s, drawing on both historical and testimonial sources before examinin...
On Spatial Iterative Learning Control via 2-D Convolution: Stability Analysis and Computational Efficiency

Iterative learning control (ILC) is an effective control strategy for improving control performance in stable or stabilizable systems that track a repetitive trajectory in time. The ILC paradigm has previously been extended to the spatial domain; however, spatial ILC (SILC) methods have most commonly been applied to problems in which there is a natural bijective map between the temporal and spatial domains to simply redefine processes in space instead of time. Yet, there are applications in which there does not exist a unique mapping between time and space, such as additive manufacturing (AM) systems utilizing a raster trajectory. In this exploratory work, we present a novel reformulation of ILC that is derived from 2-D convolution in spatial coordinates, compared with 1-D convolution employed in temporal ILC, which innately informs the algorithm of the spatial proximity of measured data points. We present our SILC framework in a tutorial fashion, providing the essential lifted- and frequency-domain system formulations and stability and performance criteria. A simulation-based demonstration using an empirically derived model of a microscale AM system examines SILC update law designs. Importantly, as a spatial sensor for an AM system will record as many as $10^{8}$ measurements, we demonstrate that a frequency-domain framework reduces the computation time by three orders of magnitude and increases the tractable number of measurements by three orders of magnitude, in comparison with the lifted-domain framework.
Exploration of Innovative Teaching Mode of Artificial Intelligence Elabrate Course

The paper introduces the experiences of the construction and reformation for the elaborate course of Artificial Intelligence in Central South University according to the course's characteristics and development history.Firstly,the optimization of the teaching contents and experiments reformation are described.Then the innovative teaching mode and methods are discussed,including a modern teaching mode of Artificial Intelligence course by using modern educational technology and interactive teaching guided by interests and freedom study by class seminars.Finally two problems of the course which should be still improved are analyzed.These offer beneficial reference to other schools for developing Artificial Intelligence course and other courses.
Osseointegrated implant prosthodontics.

Rapid progress has been made in the field of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery during the past decade. These developments are predominantly due to the ongoing refinement of imaging and operative techniques. Parallel to these changes, the new techniques of arthroscopic surgery have been introduced into standard therapy for internal derangement and osteoarthrosis, to some extent. Several earlier studies have shown that open and arthroscopic surgery have similar success rates. Therefore, the surgeon has to decide which method would combine the smallest risk of postoperative morbidity with the least operative effort. In this regard, arthrocentesis is inaugurated as a new operative method for treatment of the closed lock. However, the basic concepts of arthroscopic surgery seem to be contradictory to the concepts of open surgery, which have also been proven successfully. Thus, the success of arthroscopic methods challenges our understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of internal derangements and osteoarthrosis of the TMJ. Today, morphologic findings from either arthroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging and new findings in the field of joint physiology lead to plausible explanations for the etiology and symptomatology of internal derangements. This is discussed in several papers. Additionally, arthroscopy may very well be an appropriate method of investigating intra-articular changes in the TMJ caused by trauma. So far, our knowledge about these effects still seems to be insufficient. For several years, the literature has reflected an increasing discussion about alloplastic materials used for interpositioning in the TMJ. A more rational approach in estimating the potential risks of these materials seems to be highly necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)