cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A secondary phosphorylation of CREB341 at Ser129 is required for the cAMP-mediated control of gene expression. A role for glycogen synthase kinase-3 in the control of gene expression.

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) phosphorylates CREB327/341 at a single serine residue, Ser119/133, respectively. Phosphorylation at this site creates the sequence motif SXXXS(P), a consensus site of the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) enzyme (Fiol, C.J., Mahrenholz, A.M., Wang, Y., Roeske, R.W., and Roach, P.J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 14042-14048). We examined the phosphorylation of CREB at the SXXXS(P) consensus site and its role in CREB transactivation to cAMP induction. Neither isoform of the GSK-3 enzyme (GSK-3 alpha or beta) utilizes CREB as its substrate unless CREB is already phosphorylated at Ser119/133. A 13-amino acid peptide containing the sequence surrounding Ser119/133 was phosphorylated by GSK-3, at Ser115/129, only after the primary phosphorylation of the peptide by PKA (at Ser119/133), suggesting that Ser115/129 is a GSK-3 phosphoacceptor site. Mutant CREB327/341 proteins containing Ser-->Ala substitutions confirmed Ser115/129 as the only GSK-3 phosphorylation site. Transfection assays of wild type and mutant Gal4-CREB fusion proteins in PC12 cells demonstrated that Ser-->Ala substitution of residue 129 of CREB341 impairs the transcriptional response to cAMP induction. Analogous mutation in CREB327 results in 70% decrease in its transactivation response to cAMP. In undifferentiated F9 cells, which are refractory to cAMP induction, transfected GSK-3 beta kinase induces a 60-fold increase in cyclic AMP response element-dependent transcription, mediated via the endogenous CREB protein. We propose that the hierarchical phosphorylation at the PKA and GSK-3 sites of CREB are essential for cAMP control of CREB.
La capitulación de Luis de Carvajal

Resumen es: En mayo de 1579, Felipe II otorgo a Luis de Carvajal la penultima capitulacion de su reinado. Las razones por las cuales concedio tal merced han sido des...
Plastic Behavior of Metals at Cryogenic Temperatures

Abstract : The serrated yielding exhibited by metals during tension tests at temperatures near absolute zero is the principal consideration of the paper. Stress-strain curves are presented for various metals including Armco iron, 'K' Monel, and titanium at temperatures from +200 to -269 C. The variations of yield stress and ductility are shown to depend primarily on crystal structure. At -269 C, serrated yielding occurs in many metals. This is caused by adiabatic heating, and can occur independently of the deformation mechanism. A partial differential equation is derived relating load to strain hardening, strain rate, and thermal softening. At cryogenic temperatures, it is shown that thermal softening becomes so large that maximum load is exceeded, and discontinuous yielding occurs. During yielding, heating occurs, reducing the therma-softening term, and serration ceases. (Author)
Race Logic: Abusing Hardware Race Conditions to Perform Useful Computation

This article proposes a novel computing approach, dubbed race logic, in which information, instead of being represented as logic levels (as in conventional logic), is represented as a timing delay. Under this new representation, computations are based on the observation of the relative propagation times of signals injected into the circuit (that is, the outcome of races). Race logic is especially suited for solving problems related to the traversal of directed acyclic graphs commonly used in dynamic programming algorithms. The main advantage of this novel approach is that information processing (min-max and addition operations) can be efficiently expressed through the manipulation of the natural delay chaining inherent to digital designs, which then results in superior latency, throughput, and energy efficiency. To verify this hypothesis, the authors designed several race logic implementations of a DNA global sequence alignment engine and compared them to a state-of-the-art conventional systolic array implementation. The synthesized design shows that synchronous race logic is up to 4x faster when both approaches are mapped to 0.5-micron CMOS standard cell technology. At the same time, the throughput for sequence matching per circuit area is about 3x higher at 5x lower power density for 20-long-symbol DNA sequences.
A MONOSYNAPTIC GABAERGIC INPUT FROM THE INFERIOR COLLICULUS TO THE MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY IN RAT

The goal was to investigate possible monosynaptic GABAergic projections from the inferior colliculus (IC) to thalamocortical neurons of the medial geniculate body (MGB) in the rat. Although there is little evidence for such a projection in other sensory thalamic nuclei, a GABAergic, ascending auditory projection was reported recently in the cat. In the present study, immunohistochemical and tract-tracing methods were used to identify neurons in the IC that contain GABA and project to the MGB. GABA-positive projection neurons were most numerous in the central nucleus and less so in the dorsal and lateral cortex. They were rare in the lateral tegmental system and brachium of the IC. The dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus also contained GABA-positive projection neurons. In brain slices, stimulation of the brachium produced monosynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in morphologically identified thalamocortical relay neurons. The inhibitory potentials cannot originate locally, because they persisted when ionotropic glutamatergic transmission was blocked. Typically, brachium stimulation elicited a GABAA-mediated inhibitory potential followed by an excitatory potential and a longer latency GABAB-mediated inhibitory potential. We conclude that the GABA-containing neurons of the IC make short-latency, monosynaptic inputs to the thalamocortical projection neurons in the MGB. Such inputs may distinguish the main auditory pathway from indirect or tegmental auditory pathways as well as from other sensory systems. Monosynaptic inhibitory inputs to the medial geniculate may be important for the regulation of firing patterns in thalamocortical neurons.
Evidence that some preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the rat contain vasoactive intestinal peptide- or peptide histidine isoleucine amide-like immunoreactivities

Abstract Physiological studies have established that preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the rat superior cervical ganglion release a second transmitter, in addition to acetylcholine. Based on pharmacological and histochemical investigations, possible candidates for this non-cholinergic neurotransmitter include vasoactive intestinal peptide and peptide histidine isoleucine amide. For example, previous immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that antisera raised against both of these peptides stain neural processes in the rat preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk and in the superior cervical ganglion. In the present study, it was found that, when the cervical sympathetic trunk was ligated, vasoactive intestinal peptide- and peptide histidine isoleucine amide-like immunoreactivities built up on both sides of the ligature. In addition, examination of the thoracic spinal cord in colchicine-treated animals revealed vasoactive intestinal peptide- and peptide histidine isoleucine amide-like immunoreactivities in neuronal cell bodies in the intermediolateral cell column and in the region of the lateral funiculus adjacent to it. In a second group of animals in which retrograde tracing techniques were used, these two regions of the spinal cord were shown to contain most of the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons that project to the superior cervical ganglion. Smaller numbers of retrogradely labeled neurons were found dorsal to the central canal and in the nucleus intercalatus. When either vasoactive intestinal peptide- or peptide histidine isoleucine amide-like immunostaining and retrograde labeling were examined in the same animals, double-labeled neurons were found in the intermediolateral cell column and in the lateral funiculus. These data demonstrate that vasoactive intestinal peptide- and peptide histidine isoleucine amide-like immunoreactivities are present in certain of the preganglionic neurons that project to the superior cervical ganglion, supporting the hypothesis that vasoactive intestinal peptide and peptide histidine isoleucine amide are released in the ganglion when these preganglionic neurons are activated.
Magnetic phase diagram, static properties and relaxation of the insulating spin glass Co1−xMnx(SCN)2(CH3OH)2

Abstract The magnetic behavior of Co 1− x Mn x (SCN) 2 (CH 3 OH) 2 has been studied by DC magnetization and susceptibility measurements on mixtures spanning the complete composition range. The pure components are a quasi-two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet (Mn system) and a three-dimensional Ising antiferromagnet (Co system). The crystal structure of the cobalt constituent is determined, and is closely related to that of the manganese constituent. Competing orthogonal spin anisotropies should occur in mixtures, and frustration effects arising from competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions may also arise. The Curie and Weiss constants, in χ M = C /( T − θ ), vary regularly with composition. C versus x is essentially linear while θ versus x shows a definite curvature, analysis of which reveals that the unlike-ion exchange interaction is antiferromagnetic and stronger than the like-ion interactions. The magnetic susceptibility is field dependent, more markedly so with increasing x . Plots of M / H versus T exhibit maxima at low temperatures only for mixtures substantially richer in cobalt than manganese. Magnetic transition temperatures are estimated from these data. Magnetization versus field isotherms evolve with composition and with temperature; those for x =0.24 5 and 0.16 9 exhibit S-shapes for temperatures at or below the identified transitions. The nonlinear susceptibility versus temperature for x =0.24 5 displays structure but does not diverge. The temperature dependence of the thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) for x =0.24 5 shows characteristic features but does not follow any simple form. The time-dependence of the TRM is fitted at a series of temperatures employing a stretched exponential decay form. The thermal variation of the fit parameters is systematic and suggests that temperatures just below 3 K and slightly above 6 K have special significance. Over a limited temperature range the TRM is found to scale approximately as T log 10 (t/τ 0 ) , with τ 0 ≈10 −12 s. Strong and weak irreversibility lines are determined for x =0.24 5 ; both vary as τ g ∝ h 0.56 , with zero-field temperatures of T s (0)=5.5 5 K and T w (0)=9.8 5 K, respectively. The exponent is closer to that recently predicted (0.53) for a short-range three-dimensional Ising spin glass than to the value 2/3 of the DeAlmeida–Thouless line in the infinite range mean-field Ising model. The existence of strong random anisotropy may account for the presence of a weak irreversibility line with the observed exponent. The T – x magnetic phase diagram exhibits a crossing of paramagnetic-ordered state phase boundaries and an associated tetracritical point at x ≈0.20 5 and T ≈2.6 0 K. Spin glass properties are apparent for compositions close to the tetracritical point.
Risk qualified maps of hydrogen ion concentration for the New York state area for 1966–1978

Abstract The U.S. Geological Survey has collected and analyzed bulk precipitation samples at 22 sites in New York State from 1965 to 1979. Without the benefit of any spatial analysis, these data have previously been used with data from other networks to produce H+ concentration contour (or point) maps for the eastern United States. In this study, a 240 × 320 km region in the center of the USGS New York network was divided into twelve 80km2 blocks. For each year in the period 1966–1978, point and 80km2 block estimates of average H+ concentrations and the corresponding estimation standard deviations were calculated using the best linear unbiased estimator known as the ‘kriging’ estimator. The average H+ concentration for the period was 0.042 meql−1 (or 4.38 pH units). The largest difference between blocks within a given year was 0.026 meq l−1 and occurred in 1974. Across years, the largest difference between blocks was 0.037 meq l−1. Block estimation standard deviations (which measure the error in each block estimate) ranged from 0.005 to 0.015 meq l−1, but overall the average was about 0.009 meq l−1. The appropriate standard error calculation indicates that the block maps do show some evidence of differences in H+ concentration within the region. A weak tendency for H+ concentrations to decrease from west to east was evident for most years. For point estimates of H+ concentration, the average increase in estimation standard deviation compared to block estimation standard deviations was almost 60%. Since no significant change in differences between point estimates occurred, the conclusion is that yearly point maps based on the USGS data cannot be used to support spatial differences in H+ concentration over New York State. Finally, the influence of sample density on estimation standard deviations was investigated. The improvement due to a regular sampling grid (one monitor at the center of each of the 12 blocks) compared to the existing network would be an average decrease in estimation standard deviations of over 30%.
Reduction of Indoor Radon by Air Cleaning—Case Study

A field study was conducted over an intermittent period of 2.5 years to determine whether air cleaning, using a portable high efficiency particulate air filter air cleaner with an activated carbon filter, was a viable method of reducing indoor radon levels. Past studies showed that air cleaners could reduce radon and/or radon progeny concentrations. The data collected in this study showed that the air cleaner did not reduce radon levels and so was not an effective mitigation device. The data also showed that above radon levels of 6 pCi/L there was a strong positive linear correlation to moisture content. Below 6 pCi/L there was essentially no correlation. Radon concentrations were determined using EPA approved commercial test kits that were occasionally run in duplicate. In these cases it was found that there was good reproducibility between the test kits over a range of levels from 1.1 to 14.5 pCi/L, with the average difference being under 10%.
Improved gate process control at the 130-nm node using spectroscopic-ellipsometry-based profile metrology

The ability to control the cross-sectional profile of polysilicon gate structures on semiconductor devices is paramount to maximize product yield and transistor performance. Tighter control of gate profile parameters leads to a tighter distribution of transistor speeds, resulting in more optimized and consistent device performance. Furthermore, the ability to correlate physical in-line profile measurements taken at gate patterning process steps, to back-end-of-line device parametric test results, enables semiconductor manufacturers to minimize the cost per good die produced, by accurately screening out-of-spec product early in the process flow. The significant increase in the number of chips on today's 300mm wafers heightens the importance of obtaining reliable in-line data. In addition, the reduction of design rules to 130nm and below is driving precision requirements on metrology to <1nm, in order to maintain acceptable precision-to-tolerance (P/T) ratios. Historical methods of in-line metrology (Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Electrical Critical Dimension Measurement) all face limitations with regards to precision, correlation, or throughput. This paper will demonstrate the use of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry to provide fast, accurate, and precise two-dimensional profile information on polysilicon gate structures. This metrology technique is currently being utilized for in-line process control and product disposition, at the gate lithography and etch process steps, on 130nm generation logic devices manufactured in Texas Instruments' DMOS 6 300mm wafer fabrication facility. A brief description of the measurement theory and gate profile measurement solution for both dense and isolated structures will be given. This will be followed by data generated from DMOS 6 production material. Using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry, precision results of <0.5nm for CD and height, and <0.25 degrees for profile sidewall angle were obtained at both the lithography and etch measurement steps. The use of CD and sidewall angle information in an APC loop to improve control over the gate trim etch process will also be discussed. Data will be presented showing univariate and multivariate correlation of gate etch profile parameters to post-metalization transistor drive current (IDrive) that is equivalent or superior to existing metrology techniques. Finally, examples of where Spectroscopic Ellipsometry has both increased sensitivity and shortened response time to gate etch process excursions will be presented.
TOTAL AND PARTIAL gamma p CROSS-SECTIONS AT 9.3-GeV

We report $\ensuremath{\gamma}p$ total, topological, and channel cross sections at 9.3 GeV from a bubblechamber experiment using a nearly monoenergetic photon beam.
A colorimetric method for estimation of microquantities of tartaric acid isomers.

Abstract 1. ( 1 ) A colorimetric micro method for estimation of the tartaric acid isomers is described. The principle of the method consists in the formation of a tartrate-iron (Fe ++ ) complex, which on addition of dinitrophenylhydrazine followed by addition of alkali forms a purple color. The intensity of this color is proportional to the amount of the tartaric acid isomers in the range of 0.05 to 0.35 μmole. 2. ( 2 ) The various stages and the optimal conditions of the color reaction were investigated and are described in detail. 3. ( 3 ) Certain substances, including malic acid, citric acid, materials which bind ferrous ions, oxidizing agents, ferric ions, and possibly also other metallic ions, interfere with estimation of the tartaric acids by this method. However, in cases in which the relative concentration (with respect to tartrate) of such substances is low, the dilution generally required to bring the concentration of the tartaric acid into the appropriate range is usually sufficient to eliminate interfering effects. Under the assay conditions described keto acids also develop a color, but the tartaric acids can be estimated in their presence by a subtraction method. 4. ( 4 ) It is possible to use the method described for estimation of the other components of the color reaction, the intensity of the color being proportional to the amounts of ferrous ions in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 μmole, and to the amounts of dinitrophenylhydrazine in the range of 0.1 to 0.6 μmole.
Analysis of Polyethylene by Using Cyclopentadienyl Cobalt Chemical Ionization Combined with Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption/Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

A new mass spectrometric method has been developed for the analysis of low molecular weight polyethylene (PE). Laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD), combined with chemical ionization by the cyclopentadienyl cobalt radical cation (CpCo•+) in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer, produces predominantly a quasimolecular ion, (R + CpCo − 2H2)•+, for each PE oligomer (R). An examination of artificial alkane mixtures revealed no mass bias for alkanes of differing molecular weights. However, the success of the LIAD/CpCo•+ CI technique depends greatly upon the LIAD sample preparation method used. Several sample preparation methods were evaluated, and pneumatically assisted spin coating was concluded to provide the best mass spectra as a result of its ability to provide uniform PE coverage on the LIAD foils. The molecular weight distributions measured for several low molecular weight PE samples (200−655) were found to be in good agreement with manufacturers' values as determined by gel...
Psychoanalysis as a Hermeneutics of the Subject: Freud, Ricoeur, Lacan

La connaissance hermeneutique est generalement definie comme un savoir engage, par opposition au savoir detache que produit la methode scientifique. La tension entre ces deux modeles dans la theorie psychanalytique de Freud est ici mise en evidence avec l'aide de Ricœur: cette theorie interprete des intentions conscientes, mais explique en meme temps la vie psychique d'une facon mecaniste en termes depulsions somatiques. On montre ensuite comment le developpement lacanien de la psychanalyse rend l'etre habituellement cache de la subjectivite—l'inconscient—accessible comme langage. Structure comme un langage, l'inconscient est articule et interpretable; et son interpretation est acces au langage du «reel», par-dela les limites de l'objectivite scientifique.
Wavelet-based lowpass/bandpass interpolation

Wavelet-based lowpass and bandpass interpolation schemes that are exact for certain classes of signals including polynomials of arbitrarily large degree are discussed. The interpolation technique is studied in the context of wavelet-Galerkin approximation of the shift operator. A recursive dyadic interpolation algorithm makes it an attractive alternative to other schemes. It turns out that the Fourier transform of the lowpass interpolatory function is also (a positive) interpolatory function. The nature of the corresponding interpolating class is not well understood. Extension to the case of multiplicity M orthonormal wavelet bases, where there is an efficient M-adic interpolation scheme, is also given. >
trans‐6‐hexadecenoic acid in the spadefishChaetodipterus faber

Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared from spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber) liver oil and were analyzed by open tublar gas chromatography. The unusual fatty acidtrans-6-hexadecenoic acid was identified as a major monoenoic component by reductive ozonolysis and by mass spectrometry of the di-trimethylsilyl ether. Very minor amounts of 7-methyl-7-hexadecenoic acid were found.
Laboratory Studies Concerning the Effect of Acid-Containing Beverages on Enamel Dissolution and Experimental Dental Caries

Studies were conducted to determine if acid-containing beverages afject adversely in vitro enamel dissolution and experimental dental caries, and if the addition of phosphate influences these systems. Results suggest that these beverages cause dissolution of enamel and produce enamel erosion in rat molars, regardless of the presence or absence of sucrose. Addition of NaH2PO4 reduced the damage to enamel.
The wolf pack: team dynamics for the 21st century

Today, many companies don’t want employees who merely “do their jobs.” Instead, they want people who will make them profitable. And because profit‐generation is increasingly in the hand of “teams” of co‐workers who collaborate on short‐ or long‐term projects, or even permanently, companies are looking for people who can fit this type of work structure. This article discusses how a high performance team is much like a wolf pack, and gives a background on the purpose of teams, and describes the many reasons for failure of teams, discussing the qualities needed for successful teams in the 21st century.
Writing Your Way into High Impact Factor Journals

For better or worse, “publish or perish” has become a driving ethos in academic research. Search committees, tenure committees, and administrators evaluate researchers on both quantity and quality of papers they publish. However, proliferation of journals has led to numerous possible publication outlets, even in relatively narrow subdisciplines, so those evaluating researchers often rely on metrics of journal quality as a proxy for quality of research. Because Impact Factor (IF; Thompson Scientific) purportedly distills a complicated and nuanced judgment into a simple number, it has become the most widely used metric for this purpose (Seglen 1997). In theory, IF should relate to quality of research a journal publishes (Saha et al. 2003), but this assumption has been strongly questioned (Alberts 2013, Eyre-Walker and Stoletzki 2013). This suggests aspects other than scientific quality are important in determining the journal in which a paper is ultimately published.
Detection of Mobile Ions in the Presence of Charge Trapping in SiC MOS Devices

Since power devices such as DMOSFETs will operate at high temperature where mobile ion effects are enhanced, identifying their presence is a key reliability issue for power electronics applications. We have detected the presence of mobile ion contamination in some SiC MOS device sample sets and correlated those results with observed high temperature bias instability. The differing behaviors of these devices to bias stressing as a function of temperature suggests that in some cases mobile ion drift may be counteracting the typical charge trapping effect. Triangular voltage sweep (TVS) data indicates the presence of roughly 1-4x1012 cm-2 mobile ions in samples where the bias instability significantly decreased with higher temperature, while samples with a nearly flat or positive-trending response showed overall lower ion contaminations of roughly 6-9x1011 cm-2. These results, although preliminary, support the theory that mobile ion contamination is the cause of negative bias instability at elevated temperatures in SiC MOS.
Design parameters of a 3-dimensional ultrasonic pulse controlled memory device with single domain coherently magnetized cobalt, iron and nickel particles in a non-magnetic matrix

The coercive field H c of single domain particles is stress sensitive. Theory shows that stress alone leads to H c (stress) = 3λ s σ/I s in a uniaxial single domain particle, if the magnetization rotates coherently. λ s is the magnetostriction, σ the stress, and I s the magnetization. It is therefore possible to orient selectively the orientation of magnetic particles in an arbitrary volume element of volume L3- at position \overrightarrow{r} in a sample, since by the proper superposition of ultrasonic pulses with pulse width L a higher stress state can be generated at \overrightarrow{r} than in any other section of the sample. This set of pulses will reduce H c from the unstressed state to H' c c . An applied field H with H' c c will line up dipoles parallel to H only in this volume elemet. One can "write" into the memory. Since this "line up" leads to a signal in coil surrounding the sample, one can also "read" if the dipole orientation changes in the volume L3, since this leads to an induced voltage in the coil surrounding the sample.
Males need not apply

Abstract The issue of gender discrimination has historically referred to discrimination against and suppression of women. Legislation prohibiting gender discrimination was first enacted in Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The Civil Rights Act, and its 1991 revisions, expressly prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. With the Civil Rights Act and changes in the social and political systems, women have been entering the work force in ever growing numbers. As increasing numbers of women enter medicine, a new issue has arisen: discrimination against male physicians on the basis of their gender. This is particularly illustrated in the world of Obstetrics and Gynecology where only female patients and women’s health problems are addressed. There is a growing bias against male obstetrician/gynecologists among potential employers, fellow physicians and patients. Society must realize that workplace gender discrimination, whether male or female, is illegal, morally inexcusable, and eventually harms everyone.
Cilia regeneration in starved tetrahymena: an inducible system for studying gene expression and organelle biogenesis

Deciliated starved Tetrahymena recover motility with kinetics similar to those of growing cells and, like growing cells, require RNA and protein synthesis for regeneration. Comparisons of polysome profiles and electrophoretic analyses of newly synthesized proteins indicate, however, that the basal level of protein synthesis in starved cells is markedly lower than that in growing cells. This difference allows demonstration of changes in protein synthesis following deciliation of starved cells which cannot be detected (if they occur at all) in growing cells. Deciliation of starved cells induces a specific and orderly program of protein synthesis. The synthesis of an 80,000 dalton protein (deciliation-induced protein, DIP) begins shortly after deciliation, comprises 15% of the protein synthesized from 20-60 min, and declines around 60 min after deciliation, shortly after most cells have begun to regenerate cilia. The synthesis of a 55,000 dalton protein is also induced during regeneration and has been identified as tubulin using a well characterized antibody made to ciliary tubulin. Tubulin synthesis is undetectable during the first hour after deciliation even though 60-80% of the cells regain mobility and regenerate short but clearly visible cilia. Tubulin synthesis begins 60 min after deciliation and continues for 2 hr. At its peak, tubulin comprises 7-8% of the protein synthesized. The results of actinomycin D addition at different times after deciliation suggest that RNA required for DIP synthesis is synthesized early (0-30 min), while RNA required for tubulin is synthesized later and over a longer period (30-90 min). Thus deciliation of starved cells, an event occurring at the cell periphery, initiates a well defined and reproducible series of events culminating in cilia formation. This system should be useful in elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating gene expression and organelle biogenesis in Tetrahymena.
Non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors may mediate ipsilateral excitation at lateral superior olivary synapses.

Abstract Principal cells of the lateral superior olivary nucleus (LSO) are thought to receive a direct excitatory input from spherical bushy cells located in the ipsilateral ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) and an indirect input from the contralateral VCN globular bushy cells via a secure synapse in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). MNTB bushy cells project to the somata and proximal dendrites of LSO principal cells. LSO neurons display phasic ‘chopper’ temporal response patterns to ipsilateral tone-burst stimuli at characteristic frequency (CF), while binaural stimuli suppress this ipsilaterally evoked activity. This suppression is sensitive to interaural differences in intensity, phase and time, suggesting a role for these neurons in the localization of sound in space. In the present study, the nature of the neurotransmitter mediating fast ipsilateral excitation of LSO neurons was examined using iontophoretic application of excitant amino acid (EAA) agonists and antagonists. N- methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) and quisqualate (QUIS) were used as agonists, while the selective NMDA receptor antagonists d . l -2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), and the non-selective receptor EAA antagonist cis-2,3-piperidine-dicarboxylic acid (PDA) were used to study ipsilaterally evoked neuronal responses. In 3 additional experiments the selective non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) replaced PDA. Ipsilateral, tone-evoked and spontaneous activities were generally enhanced by EAA agonists while partial blockade of tone-evoked, ipsilateral excitation was observed with EAA antagonists. Both PDA and DNQX more effectively blocked ipsilateral tone-evoked excitations and spontaneous activity than did the NMDA-receptor antagopnist, APV, QUIS application enhanced both spontaneous and tone-evoked responses to a greater extent than did NMDA application. These findings indicate that EAA receptors are present on LSO principal cells and suggest that if an EAA mediates fast ipsilateral excitatory responses in LSO it is unlikely to utilize slow NMDA receptors but is acting through non-NMDA receptors of the QUIS or kainate receptors types.
Anisotropic mesh adaption by metric-driven optimization

We describe a Gauss–Seidel algorithm for optimizing a three-dimensional unstructured grid so as to conform to a given metric. The objective function for the optimization process is based on the maximum value of an elemental residual measuring the distance of any simplex in the grid to the local target metric. We analyse different possible choices for the objective function, and we highlight their relative merits and deficiencies. Alternative strategies for conducting the optimization are compared and contrasted in terms of resulting grid quality and computational costs. Numerical simulations are used for demonstrating the features of the proposed methodology, and for studying some of its characteristics. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiative Processes in Thermionically Controlled Discharges in Helium

Recent measurements have been made of the intensity of radiation from the low voltage arc in helium as a function of gas density, tube current and tube potential. The experimental results indicate that the radiation is the result of a primary electron process. This process has been generally assumed to be direct excitation. Such an explanation is not fully in accord with the phenomena observed. The possibility of an unrecognized process is suggested.
Ion Beam Mixing Of Metals and Ceramics — Material Considerations

Most studies on ion beam mixing have been concerned with metal-metal or metal-silicon systems. The great activity in this field is attested by the fact that a 1983 review tabulated data for 38 bilayer and 25 multilayer systems (1). The initial models for mixing focused on the dynamics of ion-solid interactions and produced models based on direct recoils, cascades, and enhanced diffusion due to radiation-produced defects.
Perspectives on Modeling in Cognitive Science

This commentary gives a personal perspective on modeling and modeling developments in cognitive science, starting in the 1950s, but focusing on the author’s personal views of modeling since training in the late 1960s, and particularly focusing on advances since the official founding of the Cognitive Science Society. The range and variety of modeling approaches in use today are remarkable, and for many, bewildering. Yet to come to anything approaching adequate insights into the infinitely complex fields of mind, brain, and intelligent systems, an extremely wide array of modeling approaches is vital and necessary.
Simple Fabrication of a Highly Sensitive Glucose Biosensor Using Enzymes Immobilized in Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelets Nafion Membrane

A novel and highly sensitive electroanalytical sensing nanocomposite material is reported for the development of a glucose biosensor. Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) were tested to enhance the sensing capability. The xGnP has a diameter of 1 µm and a thickness of 10 nm, on average. The glucose biosensing interface was prepared by casting glucose oxidase and xGnP in a Nafion water–isopropyl-alcohol solution with a high concentrated organic solvent (85 wt%). The resulting biosensors showed rapid response time within 5 s, limits of detection of 10 µM glucose (S/N = 3), a linear detection range up to 6 mM, and high sensitivity of 14.17 µA/(mM·cm2) with an optimum glucose oxidase loading. The biosensors also showed good selectivity and long-term stability. These results indicate that xGnP can be an inexpensive alternative to carbon nanotubes for the fabrication of affordable high-performance biosensors.
Launching “The Evolution of Cooperation”

This article describes three aspects of the author's early work on the evolution of the cooperation. First, it explains how the idea for a computer tournament for the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma was inspired by the artificial intelligence research on computer checkers and computer chess. Second, it shows how the vulnerability of simple reciprocity of misunderstanding or misimplementation can be eliminated with the addition of some degree of generosity or contrition. Third, it recounts the unusual collaboration between the author, a political scientist, and William D. Hamilton, an evolutionary biologist.
On the possibility of channeled ion assisted epitaxial growth

Abstract We have reviewed our previous experiments, the transmitted ion assisted epitaxial growth of Ge on self-supporting thin Si substrates, which aimed to realize the channeled ion assisted epitaxial growth. Several additional experiments to investigate the assist condition were performed. Also the Monte Carlo simulation was performed to estimate the microscopic distribution of transmitted ions at the growth surface. The results showed that the previous experimental condition did not attain the channeled ion assist condition, due to the dechanneling and the deformation of the substrate caused by the thermal expansion during the ion irradiation. The possibility to attain the channeled ion assist condition is discussed from a technical point of view.
Generalization of the Mulliken-Hush treatment for the calculation of electron transfer matrix elements

Abstract A new method for the calculation of the electronic coupling matrix element for electron transfer processes is introduced and results for several systems are presented. The method can be applied to ground and excited state systems and can be used in cases where several states interact strongly. Within the set of states chosen it is a non-perturbative treatment, and can be implemented using quantities obtained solely in terms of the adiabatic states. Several applications based on quantum chemical calculations are briefly presented. Finally, since quantities for adiabatic states are the only input to the method, it can also be used with purely experimental data to estimate electron transfer matrix elements.
Female gamete germination and partial development inAllomyces macrogynus

Abstract Sensitivity to activation of germination and growth was studied using unfertilized female gametes and zygotes of Allomyces macrogynus . When placed in nutrient medium, female gametes formed a branched rhizoid and a single, unbranched hypha that never formed reproductive structures during the 48-hr period of the experiment. Although partial female development was very asynchronous when compared to zygote development, nuclear divisions occurred and the nuclear cycle time was similar to that in zygote-derived hyphae over the first 7 hours of growth. After this time few divisions occurred in the female-derived hyphal nuclei. Comparison of nuclear number versus hyphal length in female- and zygote-derived hyphae showed no statistical difference, demonstrating that the actual number of nuclei was not the reason for incomplete development from female gametes. Female gametes and zygotes did not germinate in cycloheximide nor form a hyphal germ tube in actinomycin D. Motile zygotes plated on nonnutrient agar, or induced in nutrient medium before inoculation into nonnutrient liquid medium, developed a single, unbranched hypha with a small sporangium at the apical end. Ultracytochemistry with diaminobenzidine showed the presence of catalase-containing microbodies often in association with lipid bodies in female gametes. This suggested that although lipid may supply energy for female partial development, since zygotes completed development on nonnutrient medium, endogenous energy reserves are not the cause of incomplete female development.
Medical training in psychiatry resisdency

During the coming decades, psychiatrists will be asked to participate to a greater extent in the physical evaluation and treatment of patients with behavioral or emotional problems. Despite the high frequency with which psychiatric symptoms are caused or exacerbated by organic disease, psychiatrists have been reluctant, and in some ways, even discouraged to include physical assessments. Psychoanalysis and concerns about boundary issues have influenced psychiatrists to cede physical assessment and physical illness to other physicians. To help overcome these barriers to improved care of psychiatric patients, a curriculum is proposed for psychiatry residents. It will allow them to better use their medical backgrounds while increasing their contributions as mental health specialists.
Amniotic fluid volume assessment: comparison of ultrasonographic estimates versus direct measurements with a dye-dilution technique in human pregnancy.

Abstract OBJECTIVE : The purpose of our study was to compare the accuracy of clinical ultrasonographic techniques of amniotic fluid volume assessment with a dye-dilution technique. STUDY DESIGN : We compared amniotic fluid volume as measured by ultrasonographic techniques with a dye-dilution method in 50 women undergoing amniocentesis during the third trimester. Thirteen separate ultrasonographic techniques, including the amniotic fluid index, were evaluated with regression analysis. RESULTS : Amniotic fluid volumes as determined by dye-dilution ranged between 129 and 4444 ml. The amniotic fluid index overestimated the actual volume by as much as 88.7% at lower volumes and underestimated the actual volume by as much as 53.9% at higher volumes. CONCLUSIONS : Differences in measurement error between the other ultrasonographic methods and the amniotic fluid index did not appear to be sufficient to warrant changes in current clinical practice. A major source of error in ultrasonographic amniotic fluid volume assessment is that one-dimensional measurements are used to estimate the volume of a complex, three-dimensional object. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:986–94.)
Information Services for Dynamically Assembled Semantic Grids

Many large semantic systems can be described as semantic grids of semantic grids with large amounts of relatively static services and associated semantic information combined with multiple dynamic regions (sessions or subgrids) where the semantic information is changing rapidly. We design a hybrid Information Service supporting both the scalability of large amounts of relatively slowly varying data and a high performance rapidly updated information service for dynamic regions. We use the two Web service standards UDDI and WS-Context in our system.
A small angle neutron scattering study of the thicknesses of vesicle bilayers formed from mixtures of alkyl sulfates and cationic bolaform surfactants

Past studies have established that the thickness of a vesicle bilayer formed from a mixture of conventional anionic and cationic surfactants is determined by a delicate balance of factors, including electrostatic interactions, van der Waals forces, and chain packing constraints. This complex balance of factors means that the bilayer thickness is not easily predicted from knowledge of the structure of conventional surfactants. In this paper, we report the synthesis of a family of rigid, bolaform surfactants with the structure bis(trimethylammoniumalkyloxy)azobenzene dibromide, where the alkyl group was butyl, hexyl, or octyl. We used small angle neutron scattering and quasi-elastic light scattering to characterize the microstructures formed when the cationic bolaform surfactants were mixed with either sodium dodecylsulfate or sodium tetradecylsulfate in aqueous solutions. Small angle neutron scattering spectra interpreted using form factor fits indicate that the three rigid, bolaform surfactants span the bilayers of vesicles formed by these surfactant mixtures, thus constraining the bilayer thicknesses to the end-to-end lengths of the bolaform surfactants. We conclude that use of rigid, bolaform surfactants provides a simple means to design vesicles from anionic and cationic surfactants that form spontaneously and have predictable bilayer thicknesses. These results suggest some simple rules that enable the rational design of surfactant-based nanostructures.
Regional analgesia on pediatric medical and surgical wards.

Regional anesthetic approaches to pain management were examined in 72 children and young adults (ages 3 weeks to 31 years) who were observed on the surgical or medical wards of a children's hospital separate from intensive care areas. A protocol was devised to permit safe conduct of these techniques on the ward. Full resuscitation supplies were kept at each bedside. All patients receiving epidural narcotics had an apnea monitor hourly counting of respiratory rates, and restriction of systemic analgesics. All bolus re-injections into the catheters were performed by an anesthesiologist who monitored the patient for 20 min. Minor side-effects, including pruritus, nausea, and urinary retention were common, but manageable. Significant complications included: one case of decubitus ulcers requiring skin-grafting, one episode of mild hypotension in a patient with terminal malignancy, requiring ephedrine and phenyephrine, and one mild toxic reaction on test dosing due to presumed intravascular migration of a lumber sympathetic catheter. Regional analgesic techniques can provide excellent analgesia on the wards for selected children and young adults, provided precautions are taken. Further study is required to define specific indications risks and benefits relative to simpler techniques.
The Jimsonde—A high resolution temperature sensor

The Jimsonde, a high-resolution lightweight temperature sensor developed for use with the FPS-16 Radar/Jimsphere wind system, and its related systems are discussed; and an error analysis that shows the sonde to have an rms error of 0.41 C at sea level and 0.56 C at 18 km is presented. Five flight tests, a sequence of four tests and one individual test, of the Jimsonde were made. For comparative purposes, radiosonde temperature data are presented along with the Jimsonde data.
A one-way,stackless quisksort algorithm

This note describes a sorting technique that is similar to the well-known “quicksort” method, but it is undirectional and avoids recursion. The new approach, which assumes that the keys to be sorted are positive numbers, leads to a much shorter program.
Modulation in the reactivity of imine group by aryl and alkyl thiolato sulfur on ligands coordinated to Co(III) center: relevance to the Co-containing enzyme nitrile hydratase

Abstract In order to determine the effect of ligand backbone on imine-to-carboxamide (ITC) conversion on Co(III) metal centers, we have synthesized and characterized the Co(III) complex of the designed ligand PyMSH. The ligand contains an alkyl thiol group and is similar to the previously reported ligand PyASH that contains an aryl thiol group. The Co(III) complex of PyAS− namely, [Co(PyAS)2]Cl (1), readily undergoes ITC conversion with OH− in air. In contrast, [Co(PyMS)2]BF4 (3) does not afford the corresponding carboxamido complex ((Et4N)[Co(PyPepRS)2] (4)) under similar reaction conditions. The difference in reactivity is attributed to (a) loss of conjugation around the imine moiety and (b) greater stabilization of the Co(III) metal center by the alkyl thiolato sulfur donors. Electrochemical data indicate that replacement of aryl thiolates with alkyl thiolates (1 and 3) shifts the E1/2 value of Co(III)–Co(II) couple cathodically by 0.16 V. Replacement of imine nitrogen with carboxamido nitrogen, however, imparts much greater stability to the Co(III) metal center; the E1/2 value of 3 in DMF is −0.82 V while complex 4 shows no reduction upto −1.8 V (vs. SCE) in DMF. These results suggest that good models of the non-redox enzyme nitrile hydratase must comprise carboxamido nitrogens in the coordination sphere of the M(III) (M=Fe, Co) center.