cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed Power Processing based Cell-level Battery Energy Storage System

This paper proposes a Distributed Power Processing based Battery Energy Storage System (DPP-BESS) for improving the performance and reliability of the battery storage system. One dedicated Dual Active Bridge Converter (DABC) is connected to each cell of the battery pack, and all outputs of DABC are connected in a series-parallel combination as per the requirement for dc-link voltage, and power rating of the DPP-BESS. The main features of the system are: to determine the charging/discharging characteristics of different types of battery cells, to avoid the unnecessary discharging/charging phenomena in the battery within one cycle time, providing isolation between cells and the central inverter, and to improve the optimal power flow to/from each battery cell. Operating principle, design optimization, small signal modeling, and control scheme of the system are presented. The performance of the proposed system is validated through simulations in MATLAB®, SIMULINK®.
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A pooled analysis.

e15521 Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the urinary bladder are rare, representing about 1% of all bladder cancers, and consist of typical and atypical carcinoid tumors, small cell carci...
Associations of Pain Intensity and Frequency With Loneliness, Hostility, and Social Functioning: Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal, and Within-Person Relationships

The current studies investigated associations between pain intensity and pain frequency with loneliness, hostility, and social functioning using cross-sectional, longitudinal, and within-person data from community-dwelling adults with varying levels of pain. Secondary analysis of preexisting data was conducted. Study 1 investigated cross-sectional (baseline data: n = 741) and longitudinal (follow-up data: n = 549, observed range between baseline and follow-up: 6–53 months) associations. Study 2 tested within-person associations using daily diaries across 30 days from a subset of the participants in Study 1 (n = 69). Cross-sectionally, pain intensity and frequency were associated with higher loneliness (βintensity = 0.16, βfrequency = 0.17) and worse social functioning (βintensity = − 0.40, βfrequency = − 0.34). Intensity was also associated with higher hostility (β = 0.11). Longitudinally, pain intensity at baseline predicted hostility (β = 0.19) and social functioning (β = − 0.20) at follow-up, whereas pain frequency only predicted social functioning (β = − 0.21). Within people, participants reported higher hostility (γ = 0.002) and worse social functioning (γ = − 0.013) on days with higher pain, and a significant average pain by daily pain interaction was found for loneliness. Pain intensity did not predict social well-being variables on the following day. Pain intensity and frequency were associated with social well-being, although the effects were dependent on the social well-being outcome and the time course being examined.
Collateral blood flow measurement with intravoxel incoherent motion perfusion imaging in hyperacute brain stroke.

Objective To determine if intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance perfusion can measure the quality of the collateral blood flow in the penumbra in hyperacute stroke. Methods A 6 b values IVIM MRI sequence was acquired in stroke patients with large vessel occlusion imaged 15 mL, images were reviewed for the presence of a penumbra perfusion lesion on the IVIM f map, which was correlated with infarct size metrics. Statistical significance was tested using Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher exact test. Results A total of 34 patients were included. In the stroke core, IVIM f was significantly lower (4.6 ± 3.3%) compared to the healthy contralateral region (6.3 ± 2.2%, p 15 mL, 9 patients had an IVIM penumbra perfusion lesion (56 ± 76 mL), and 16 did not. Patients with an IVIM penumbra perfusion lesion had a larger infarct core (82 ± 84 mL) at baseline, a larger infarct growth (68 ± 40 mL), and a larger final infarct size (126 ± 81 mL) on follow-up images compared to the patients without (resp. 20 ± 17 mL, p Conclusions IVIM is a promising tool to assess the quality of the collateral blood flow in hyperacute stroke. IVIM penumbra perfusion lesion may be a marker of nonsalvageable tissue despite treatment with thrombectomy, suggesting that the IVIM penumbra perfusion lesion might be counted to the stroke core, together with the DWI lesion.
Subjective Cognitive Decline and Biomarkers of Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease

Here, we have provided an overview of previous biomarker studies to support the importance of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in early identification of at-risk subjects and differentiation between normal and pathological aging, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have identified several major areas that would require future research to address current gaps in knowledge and increase the value of SCD in preclinical AD. SCD in clinically normal individuals has received increasing attention by clinicians and AD researchers. SCD is etiologically heterogeneous. Biomarker studies have and will continue to increase our knowledge of the biological factors contributing to the manifestation and progression of SCD in AD. Future research with current and new generations of biomarkers is needed to disentangle the biological basis of SCD, improve the utility of SCD for early AD diagnosis, and understand factors that influence SCD characteristics, including sex differences and cognitive reserve.
Development of An HIV1-Based Lentiviral Vector Able to Transduce Both Human and Rhesus Blood Cells.

Although the successful application of gene transfer to hematopoietic stem cells using HIV based vectors for the hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias has recently been achieved in rodents, concerns regarding possible side effects, including insertional mutagenesis, mandate large animal preclinical testing. HIV vectors transduce rhesus blood cells poorly due to a species specific block by TRIM5a and APOBEC3G which target HIV capsid proteins (CAs) and viral infectivity factor (Vif), respectively. We developed a lentiviral vector capable of transducing both human and rhesus blood cells by combining components of both HIV and SIV by including SIV CA and SIV Vif. Titers of HIV vectors prepared with SIV Vif (8.4±0.69x10 6 IU/ml, p=0.73) or SIV CA (delta-HIV 8.1±1.1x10 6 IU/ml, p=0.73) were comparable to that of a normal HIV vector (9.2±0.46x10 6 IU/ml), while titers of chimeric HIV vectors that included SIV gag-pol or rev-tat were dramatically decreased (0.18-4.5x10 5 IU/ml, p + cells with delta-HIV and HIV vectors at various MOIs (0.5–50). In human CD34 + cells, the delta-HIV and HIV vectors showed similar transduction efficiency at lower MOIs (51±1.3%, 47±1.7% at MOI=5, p=0.18, respectively), while in rhesus cells, the transduction rates of delta-HIV (48±1.4% at MOI=2) were significantly superior to that of the HIV vector (6.5±0.36% at all MOIs, p + cells, rhesus cells showed higher rates of transgene expression after delta-HIV transduction than after HIV transduction (E: 51±6.4% vs. 11±0.24% p
Molecular imaging for cancer immunotherapy

Immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape for many cancers; however, not all patients treated have a favorable response and others can develop immune-related adverse events. A method to predict the treatment response to immunotherapeutic agents could allow for improved selection of patients more likely to benefit from treatment while sparing those who would suffer serious complications. While this has been an active area of research and has resulted in significant insights, current proposed mechanisms do not fully explain responses to therapy. One problem is that our understanding relies mostly on tumor biopsy samples that do not account for the complex spatiotemporal heterogeneity of cancers and their microenvironment. Radiolabeled probes targeting immune biomarkers and imaged using positron emission tomography with computed tomography could provide in vivo, real-time and non-invasive imaging of these biomarkers. Here we review the current field of functional nuclear imaging agents in immuno-oncology including antibodies and small molecule tracers to image PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, T-cell markers and other targets being studied for potential therapies.
Spectroscopy in the 1–5.5µm Region of the Infrared with the New Generation of 6–10m Class Telescopes

Many previous papers on infrared spectroscopy with 6–10m telescopes have concentrated on the difficulties of scaling dispersive spectrometers, particularly cryogenic, to accommodate the quadrupling in A - Ω over existing 3–5m telescopes. We contend that the inherent image quality of the Mauna Kea site (median FWHM of 0.5 arcsec at 0.55μm and 0.4 arcsec at 2.2µm), where three of these telescopes are now being built and commissioned, implies no increase in A - Ω over existing instruments on 3–5m telescopes. The demonstrated ability of even simple adaptive optics techniques, such as secondary tip-tilt, to further improve image quality by a factor of two or more make dispersive spectroscopy entirely feasible at spectral resolutions up to 100,000 with relatively compact instruments.
Exploiting the Oxygen Redox Reaction and Crystal-Preferred Orientation in a P3-Type Na2/3Mg1/3Mn2/3O2 Thin-Film Electrode

The anionic redox reaction (ARR) can be used to enhance the capacity of cathode materials. Understanding how ARR proceeds along with transition metal redox electrochemistry is crucial for designing...
The Nature and Structure of the Military Suicide Research Consortium’s Common Data Elements

To describe the development, application, and benefits of a set of common data elements (CDE) utilized by the Military Suicide Research Consortium (MSRC). Approach: Civilian and military suicide re...
Civic agriculture in review: Then, now, and future directions

"Civic agriculture," a term first coined by rural sociologist Thomas Lyson, refers to forms of agriculture that occur on a local level, from production to consumption, and are linked to a community's social and economic development. Sixteen years since its original articulation, the term "civic agriculture" has taken on greater significance in research, political activism, and community organizing. Grown from the roots of civic community theory, civic agriculture functions as a new branch of civic community theory that is ripe for theorization. In revisiting the foundations of the term, this review paper seeks to consolidate current and future research in the field of civic agriculture with a focus on its link to social welfare. This begins by reviewing the foundations of civic community theory and discussing how they influence research related to civic agriculture. As we report in this paper, there remain considerable gaps in understanding of how civic agriculture can be fomented by-or is related to-indicators such as demographics, concentration of power, community cohesion, and civic engagement. Consequently, the assumed links between local food systems and social welfare must continue to be studied to determine correlation and causality. This understanding is particularly important during this time of global pandemic, when the flaws and inequities of global supply chains are exposed and where, in many cases, civic agriculture met the increasing interest in local food. The COVID-19 pandemic has amply demonstrated the fragility and instability of global food supply chains, making the need for local food systems more significant and more relevant to communities across the world.
Ubiquity of gauged Q -shells

Non-topological gauged soliton solutions called Q-balls arise in many scalar field theories that are invariant under a U(1) gauge symmetry. The related, but qualitatively distinct, Q-shell solitons have only been shown to exist for special potentials. We investigate gauged solitons in a generic sixth-order polynomial potential (that contains the leading effects of many effective field theories) and show that this potential generically allows for both Q-balls and Q-shells. We argue that Q-shell solutions occur in many, and perhaps all, potentials that have previously only been shown to contain Q-balls. We give simple analytic characterizations of these Q-shell solutions, leading to excellent predictions of their physical properties.
A systematic review of communication about Complementary and Integrative Health (CIH) in global biomedical settings.

Abstract Objectives A systematic review to analyze communication rates of complementary and integrative health (CIH) and analyze how communication terms, such as “disclosure,” are measured and operationalized. Methods We searched seven databases for studies published between 2010 and 2018 with quantitative measurements of patients’ communication of CIH to a biomedical clinician. We analyzed communication terms used to describe patients reporting CIH usage. We also examined the conceptual and operational definitions of CIH provided and whether those terms were explicitly operationalized. We aggregated the percentage, rate, or ratio of CIH users that communicated about CIH with their clinicians by disease type and geographical region. Results 7882 studies were screened and 89 included in the review. Studies used a wide range of conceptual and operational definitions for CIH, as well as 23 different terms to report communication related to reporting CIH usage. Usage varied by disease type and geographical region. Conclusions Studies of CIH and CIH communication may measure different kinds of social and communicative phenomena, which makes comparison across international studies challenging. Practice Implications Future studies should employ standardized, replicable measures for defining CIH and for reporting CIH communication. Clinicians can incorporate questions about prior, current, and future CIH use during the medical visit.
How Do Social Structures Become Taken for Granted? Social Reproduction in Calm and Crisis.

This paper identifies experiential processes through which social structures become taken for granted, termed processes of “structure marginalization”. Passive processes of structure marginalization relegate social structures to the margin of experience without the use of higher-order cognitive acts such as evaluation and reflection. Examples include adapting to social structures via routine and habitual practices (material reification), a lack of conscious awareness of the complexity, historical formation, and other details of social structures (ignorance), and rendering social structures irrelevant when they are unreflectively judged to be of no value for achieving ends (nullification). Active processes of structure marginalization reflectively and discursively relegate social structures to marginal consciousness. Examples include the use of naturalistic and necessitarian explanations for the social order that implicitly justify it as inalterable or “just the way things are” (discursive reification), normative justifications for the status quo (legitimation), and conscious awareness of one’s powerlessness to control social-structural conditions (helplessness). Active processes of structure marginalization originate in passive processes. The goal of the typology is to explain, at the level of experience, why social structures typically remain unproblematic and unnoticed in everyday life, even during periods of social crisis and change or when existing structures produce harmful effects.
DC Distribution Converter with Partial Power Processing for LVDC/MVDC Systems

Medium-voltage DC (MVDC) and low-voltage dc (LVDC) grids are regarded as a promising solution for electric shipboard power system (SPS), battery energy storage system (BESS), electric vehicle (EV) charging system, etc. In MVDC system, dc distribution converter (DDC) or dc transformer (DCX) is a crucial component dedicated to interfacing different dc buses. DDC is required to regulate the bus voltage to maintain system reliability and operability. Since the bus voltage variation is usually small, e.g. 10% of the rated bus voltage, input-parallel output-series (IPOS) partial power (PP) converter is suitable for DDC application. This paper proposes an overall design procedure for IPOS PP DDC. Take a shipboard MVDC system as an example, two turns ratio designs are examined. And then, the scalability of PP architectures is analyzed. Finally, the hardware design is conducted with efficiency optimization. The proposed design procedure is verified by an 1S kW500kHz PP DDC prototype, achieving 9S.S% peak efficiency and 142 W/in3 power density.
Place-Based Policies and the Geography of Corporate Investment

Growing spatial inequality has led policymakers to enact tax breaks to attract corporate investment and jobs to economically peripheral regions. We demonstrate the importance of multi-plant firms' physical capital structure for the efficacy of place-based policies by studying a bonus depreciation scheme in Japan which altered the relative cost of capital across locations, offering high-tech manufacturers immediate cost deductions from their corporate income tax bill. Combining corporate balance sheets with a registry containing investment by plant location and asset type, we find the policy generated big gains in employment and investment in building construction and in machines at pre-existing production sites, with an implied fiscal cost per job created of $17,000. These responses are driven by more financially constrained firms and firms which rely on costly but long-lived capital inputs like industrial machines. The policy did not generate positive local spillovers to ineligible plants or spillovers through inter-regional trade networks. Plant-level hiring in ineligible areas outstripped that in eligible areas, suggesting firms reallocated funds from the write-offs within their internal network. How multi-plant firms react to spatially targeted tax incentives ultimately depends on their internal network and their composition of intermediate capital inputs used in production.
The Fair Housing Act and Insurance: An Update and the Question of Disability Discrimination

Little imagination is needed to understand the paramount importance of eliminating unfair discrimination in housing. To combat such discrimination, Congress passed the Fair Housing Act (“FHA”) over thirty years ago. Although the FHA has been in effect since 1968, unfair discrimination in the insurance industry persists and has been well-documented. Almost from the start, the application of the FHA to insurance underwriting practices has sparked a contentious debate
Lawrence Buell, The Dream of the Great American Novel

Can the scale and diversity of American life be captured in American letters? This is the qustion that literary scholar Lawrence Buell seeks to answer through the classification of four ways of writing the Great American Novel.
Observation of high energy electromagnetic dipole radiation in 14N+Ni reactions at ElabA = 35 MeV

Abstract High energy photons (20 E γ 14 N + Ni →γ+ X reactions were unambiguously observed in a Pb-glass detector array. The measured angular distributions exhibit a predominant dipole pattern. This rules out statistical and/or nucleon-nucleon production mechanisms. The data indicate instead a more coherent production mechanism reflecting the direction of relative motion of target and projectile.
Glutamine stimulates prostaglandin-sensitive Na(+)-H+ exchange in experimental porcine cryptosporidiosis.

Abstract Background/Aims: Recent studies of piglet cryptosporidiosis showed an injury-induced impairment of sodium-glucose cotransport and a prostaglandin-mediated inhibition of neutral NaCl absorption. Because glutamine has been shown to stimulate both neutral and electrogenic Na + absorption, this study examined the mechanism of prostaglandin-mediated inhibition of NaCl absorption and the effect of glutamine on these processes. Methods: Ileal mucosa from control and infected pigs was mounted in Ussing chambers for flux studies or incubated with [ 14 C]glutamine or [ 14 C]-glucose for metabolism studies. Results: Glucose and glutamine induced equivalent increases, 2–2.5 μEq·cm −2 ·h −1 , in Na + absorption and short-circuit current in control ileum. Despite a reduction in villous surface area to one third of the control, glutamine enhanced both neutral and electrogenic Na + absorption in the infected ileum by 3.5 ± 0.5 μEq·cm −2 ·h −1 , whereas glucose was only half as effective ( P 2 at rates three times those of glucose. Indomethacin enhanced, whereas amiloride, prostaglandin E 2 , and Cl-free solutions inhibited the glutamine-induced neutral Na + transport. Conclusions: Glutamine-stimulated neutral Na + absorption is mediated by a prostaglandin-sensitive apical Na + -H + exchange mechanism. The heightened Na + -H + exchange and tissue oxidation of glutamine suggest that glutamine is superior to glucose for use in oral rehydration solutions.
Wnt signaling induces epithelial differentiation during cutaneous wound healing

Cutaneous wound repair in adult mammals does not regenerate the original epithelial architecture and results in altered skin function. We propose that lack of regeneration may be due to the absence of appropriate molecular signals to promote regeneration. In this study, we investigated the regulation of Wnt signaling during cutaneous wound healing and the consequence of activating either the beta-catenin-dependent or beta-catenin-independent Wnt signaling on epidermal architecture during wound repair. We determined that the expression of Wnt ligands that typically signal via the beta-catenin-independent pathway is up-regulated in the wound while the beta-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling is activated in the hair follicles adjacent to the wound edge. Ectopic activation of beta-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling with lithium chloride in the wound resulted in epithelial cysts and occasional rudimentary hair follicle structures within the epidermis. In contrast, forced expression of Wnt-5a in the deeper wound induced changes in the interfollicular epithelium mimicking regeneration, including formation of epithelia-lined cysts in the wound dermis, rudimentary hair follicles and sebaceous glands, without formation of tumors. These findings suggest that adult interfollicular epithelium is capable of responding to Wnt morphogenic signals necessary for restoring epithelial tissue patterning in the skin during wound repair.
Recent Methods for RNA Modeling Using Stochastic Context-Free Grammars

Stochastic context-free grammars (SCFGs) can be applied to the problems of folding, aligning and modeling families of homologous RNA sequences. SCFGs capture the sequences' common primary and secondary structure and generalize the hidden Markov models (HMMs) used in related work on protein and DNA. This paper discusses our new algorithm, Tree-Grammar EM, for deducing SCFG parameters automatically from unaligned, unfolded training sequences. Tree-Grammar EM, a generalization of the HMM forward-backward algorithm, is based on tree grammars and is faster than the previously proposed inside-outside SCFG training algorithm. Independently, Sean Eddy and Richard Durbin have introduced a trainable “covariance model” (CM) to perform similar tasks. We compare and contrast our methods with theirs.
SURFACE MODIFICATION OF FABRICS USING A ONE-ATMOSPHERE GLOW DISCHARGE PLASMA TO IMPROVE FABRIC WETTABILITY

In industrial applications, a steady-state glow discharge capable of operating at one atmosphere would allow many plasma-related surface modification processes to be done on the production line, rather than in expensive vacuum systems that force batch processing. In this paper, we report some encouraging results from the plasma surface treatment of polypropylene meltblown nonwovens in the UTK one-atmosphere glow discharge plasma reactor. This reactor generates a large volume (up to 2.4 liters), low power (less than 150 watts), uniform glow discharge plasma in a parallel plate configuration with oval electrodes of 213 cm2 face area, the lower electrode being covered with a 3.2 mm thick insulating Pyrex surface. The plates are set up in an enclosed box that makes it possible to control the working gas used, and the spacing between the plates can be varied. This reactor is energized by a custom-made high impedance kilohertz power supply capable of supplying up to 5 kilowatts of kilohertz power at RMS voltage...
Mathematical Modeling of HIV-1 Infection and Drug Therapy

Mathematical models have made significant contributions to our understanding of HIV-1 dynamics. Many important features of the interaction between virus particles and cells have been determined by fitting mathematical models to experimental data. In this chapter, we begin with a brief review of some basic models used to study viral infection and estimate parameters that govern viral production and viral clearance. We then discuss recent developments in the modeling of HIV-1 dynamics and antiretroviral response. We focus on the impact of various classes of antiretroviral drugs that target different stages of the viral replication cycle. We also discuss how drug treatment affects the emergence of drug resistance during treatment, and how a low level of virus and latently infected cells can persist in infected individuals for a prolonged period of time despite an apparently effective antiretroviral therapy.
Chemotherapeutic and targeted biological agents for metastatic bladder cancer: A comprehensive review

The American Cancer Society estimates that 73 510 new cases of bladder cancer will be diagnosed and 15 000 deaths will result this year. The paper summarizes the clinical evidence for the use of platinum-based, non-platinum-based and new targeted biological agents, while reporting the future directions in the treatment of metastatic bladder cancer. For cisplatin-base regimens, the combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (M-VAC) has been the mainstream treatment for both advanced and metastatic bladder cancers. It showed significant improvement in the complete response rate and overall survival time in comparison with single-agent cisplatin. For cisplatin-ineligible patients, namely patients with renal impairment, symptomatic cardiac disease and poor performance status, alternative therapies consisting of paclitaxel, gemcitabine and carboplatin were shown to be of benefit. Pemetrexed and vinflunine have also shown effectiveness, with small but demonstrable overall survival benefits. Gemcitabine-based doublet therapies (combined with paclitaxel, docetaxel, irinotecan, oxaliplatin or epirubicin) have all been shown to be effective and well-tolerated. Several new targeted therapies, such as gefetinib, sorafenib and lapatinib, have received attention in recent years; however, their effectiveness as single agents in a relapse setting have not been optimal and more studies are warranted.
Twenty-Five Years of the Economic History Association: A Reflective Evaluation

I'm honored by this assignment: partly because I think after-dinner speeches are a necessary combination of regularizer and tranquilizer; also because it is a pleasure to share in our silver jubilee before silver vanishes from circulation. I wonder what the Association will do when the golden jubilee comes round. But the last two words of the title were not of my choosing, and when the program came I had to consult my dictionary. There I learned that â€œto evaluateâ€ means â€œto ascertain the numerical value ofâ€ â€”which suggests I am to talk in digits. As for â€œreflective,â€ the good book says â€œthrowing back images, light, etc., as in a mirror.â€ Of late years, since I gave up using a hairbrush and took to an electric razor, I haven't done much looking into mirrors; and when I do so my bifocals compel me to stand so close that the view is limited in area or to move far back and thereby get width and depth of vision.
Microbiological Determination of Drug Partitioning II: Functional Dependence of Partition Coefficient on Drug Concentration

Data were collected pertaining to the partitioning of phenylmercuric nitrate in complex gelatin-acacia coacervate systems. The partition coefficient of the drug could be measured reliably only over a relatively short concentration range using traditional chemical methods. With microbiological analysis the useful range of measurement of partition coefficients was extended significantly by comparing the number of partially inhibited Escherichia coli to the amount of drug in the coacervate system. Mathematical relationships were derived which relate the amount of partitioned drug in the complex coacervate to the reduction in growth of E. coli B/r.
RESONANCE NEUTRON CAPTURE AND TRANSMISSION IN SULFUR, IRON, AND LEAD

Resonances in both the capture and total cross sections for $^{32}\mathrm{S}$, $^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$, $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$, and $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ were investigated in the energy range from 10 to 80 keV. Total and radiative widths, and in some cases spins and/or parities, were assigned, and isotopic identifications of resonances were made. Previously unknown resonances mostly due to $lg0$ neutrons, were found in all of these nuclei. The $p$-wave level density for $^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$ and $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$ was found to be more than twice as high as one would expect from the number of observed $s$ resonances. The total radiative widths for an ${l}_{n}=0$ versus two ${l}_{n}=1$ resonances for $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$ targets differed by a factor of 10. The effective nuclear radius, ${R}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, was found to be (8.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)F($^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$), (9.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)F($^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$), and (8.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)F($^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$), giving an average of (8.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)F which is in good agreement with an optical-model prediction of 8.7F.
Survey augmentation using commercial vessels in the Mid‐Atlantic Bight: Sampling density and relative catchability

Summary A series of side-by-side tows was conducted between a survey vessel and a commercial vessel in two seasons, spring and fall (autumn), to examine the use of commercial vessels to increase sampling density in trawl-based stock surveys. Both vessels caught more fish offshore in the spring. The commercial vessel caught more fish than the survey vessel in both seasons. Catches of nearly all species were contagiously distributed in the spring. Most were contagiously distributed in the fall; however, somewhat more species were characterized by random or even distributions. The variance-to-mean ratio was consistently higher for most species for commercial vessel catches, regardless of season. As both vessels sampled in the same region at the same time, the increased predilection for the survey vessel to assess the distribution pattern as less patchy than the commercial vessel must accrue from some difference in sampling dynamics rather than variation in species distribution. A simulated decrease in sampling effort from 59 to 30 or 15 hauls increased the variance-to-mean ratio. Reduced sampling effort increased the tendency for occasional large catches to vary the estimate of domain biomass. The sampling program included an onshore–offshore gradient in station density. Domain biomass was considerably underestimated with reduced station density for six species characterized by large catches offshore in that portion of the survey domain characterized by low station density. In this study, a factor of two variation in domain biomass became more likely in 40% of species when sampling effort was reduced to 15 hauls from 59. A factor of two in biomass may distinguish a sustainable fishery from one in which a species is overfished. As survey sampling effort in this area was 18 hauls, increasing sample number by inclusion of commercial vessel tows would be advantageous. A regression between paired tows failed to adequately predict catches of one vessel from catches of the other. Standardization of vessel catches by the ratio-of-mean catches provided a more realistic comparison because large catches accounted for a significant fraction of domain biomass; however, a single conversion coefficient between boats could not be used for both sampling periods. The underlying impediment in developing a general conversion factor between the two vessels seems to be rooted in the differential in variance-to-mean ratios of the catches; this differential exists despite sampling of the same distribution of fish.
Survival of Juvenile Chinook Salmon during Barge Transport

Abstract To estimate survival during barge transport over a distance of 470 km from Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River to a release area downstream of Bonneville Dam (the lowermost dam on the Columbia River), we used a novel adaptation of a release–recapture model with 1,494 acoustic-tagged yearling Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha smolts. Smolts were collected at Lower Granite Dam, received surgically implanted acoustic transmitters, and were divided into three groups: (1) a barge group (RB ) that was released into the raceway with fish that were later loaded into transportation barges (general barge population); (2) a control group (RA ) that was held in a net-pen suspended within the barge hold containing the general barge population until 5–6 h prior to barge evacuation (i.e., fish release into the river), at which time they were confirmed to be alive and then released into the barge hold; and (3) a dead group (RD ) that was euthanized and then released into the barge hold 5–6 h prior to barg...
Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias: a retrospective review.

BACKGROUND To the authors' knowledge, the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among patients with plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD) is largely unknown. Identifying this vitamin deficiency in such patients could help improve their anemia and increase their tolerance to potentially neurotoxic agents. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts and laboratory results of 664 consecutive patients diagnosed with PCD who had their vitamin B12 and folate status evaluated between 1997 and 2001 at the Cleveland Clinic Multiple Myeloma Research Program. The patients were screened for vitamin B12 deficiency using serum vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid. RESULTS Of the 664 patients whose medical charts were reviewed, information on vitamin B12 status was available for 522 patients (78%). Among these 522 patients, 71 (13.6%) had laboratory-defined vitamin B12 deficiency and the remaining 451 patients (86.4%) did not. On univariate analysis, vitamin B12 deficiency correlated with immunoglobulin A (IgA) PCD (P = 0.04), higher mean corpuscular volume (P = 0.008), and longer follow-up (P = 0.048). In a covariate adjusted model, only the presence of IgA PCD was associated with an increased prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin B12 deficiency was prevalent in patients with PCD, especially in patients with the IgA subtype. Serum vitamin B12 measurements should be part of the initial evaluation and subsequent workups for anemia in patients with PCD. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The behaviour of grey jays, Perisoreus canadensis, towards palatable and unpalatable Lepidoptera

Abstract Grey jays were fed a set of six species of lepidopterans, predicted to be palatable or unpalatable based on their coloration and the fate of ingested host plant allelochemicals. Each of four birds received the entire series of insects. Junonia coenia (Nymphalidae) and Ceratomia catalpae (Sphingidae) were highly palatable as predicted based on their relatively cryptic coloration and lack of chemical defence. Three Euphydryas (Nymphalidae) species were predicted to be unpalatable: larvae and adults are warningly coloured and they sequester iridoid glycosides. However, Euphydryas gillettii was quite palatable, E. anicia was intermediate and E. phaeton was unpalatable. These differences may be due to differences in the iridoid glycoside content of these butterflies. Eumaeus atala (Lycaenidae) sequesters cycasin from its hostplant in the Cycadaceae and larvae and adults are warningly coloured. Adult E. atala were unpalatable.
Identification of biomarkers of arsenic exposure and metabolism in urine using SELDI technology.

© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 19:176–176, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20074
Regulation of DNA synthesis in macrophages infected with simian virus 40

Abstract Mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro infected with SV40 are stimulated to undergo several cycles of DNA synthesis, which results in the formation of polyploids.
Intimacy and Distance in the Interpersonal Relationships of Persons prone to Depression

Abstract Self and ego boundary changes critical to the development of depression are hypothesized to have occurred in the second six months of life. An analysis of these changes suggested that persons prone to depression tend to form interpersonal relations combining intense intimacy with sharp separation. Hypotheses concerning the manifestations on the Rorschach test of these relationships and attendant concerns were supported at a satisfactory level of statistical significance.
On reliable control system designs with and without feedback reconfigurations

This paper contains an overview of a theoretical framework for the design of reliable multivariable control systems, with special emphasis on actuator failures and necessary actuator redundancy levels. Using a linear model of the system, with Markovian failure probabilities and quadratic performance index, an optimal stochastic control problem is posed and solved. The solution requires the iteration of a set of highly coupled Riccati-like matrix difference equations; if these converge one has a reliable design; if they diverge, the design is unreliable, and the system design cannot be stabilized. In addition, it is shown that the existence of a stabilizing constant feedback gain and the reliability of its implementation is equivalent to the convergence properties of a set of coupled Riccati-like matrix difference equations. In summary, these results can be used for off-line studies relating the open loop dynamics, required performance, actuator mean time to failure, and functional or identical actuator redundancy, with and without feedback gain reconfiguration strategies.
End results of radiation therapy, alone and combination with 5‐fluorouracil in colorectal cancers

The authors retrospectively analyzed the results of irradiation in 148 cases of primary inoperable and recurrent adenoearcinoma of the colon and rectum treated at the Department of Radiation Therapy, Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1962 and 1970. This group includes 95 recurrences and 53 inoperable primaries. Uninterrupted radiotherapy was used in 118 cases and split-course technique in 30 cases. Eleven patients received combined radiotherapy and surgery. Seventy-eight patients received a combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and irradiation. The response rate and survival of individual groups is discussed in detail. This study indicated that perineal recurrences should receive whole pelvic irradiation in addition to perineum field. Split-course technique appeared to yield a better survival than the uninterrupted course. The best 5-year survival rate (64%) is found in the group treated with a combination of radiation and surgery. For locally advanced, inoperable cancers, split-course technique, combined 5-FU and irradiation gave the best results, achieving longer palliation with improved quality of life and sometimes yielding cure (5-year survival).
A comparison of the keypeck and treadle-press operants in the pigeon: Fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement

Four pigeons were tested under 30-, 100-, 600-, and 1,000-sec values of the fixed-interval schedule of food presentation using both the treadle-press and the keypeck operants. Response rate was higher for the keypeck response at all schedule values, but the response pattern was similar for both operants. Quantitative measures of response rate and curvature showed considerable variability, with indication of a differential change in quarter-life as a function of schedule value, with the function being steeper for the treadle response than for the key response. Overall, responding on the key and treadle showed more similarities than differences.
Copper hexafluorophthalocyanine field-effect transistors with enhanced mobility by soft contact lamination

Abstract We report enhanced field-effect mobility of hexafluoro-copper phthalocyanine (F 16 CuPc) transistors made by soft contact lamination. In this way, the damage to organic semiconductor during conventional vacuum deposition of metal electrodes can be avoided. The injection of charge carrier from metal electrodes into semiconductor layer can be improved. Combined with surface chemical treatment of the dielectric layer, an enhanced charge carrier mobility, ca. 0.08 cm 2 /Vs for F 16 CuPc devices is achieved, higher than the typical value of 0.03 cm 2 /Vs for devices made by direct metal deposition methods.
Postsynaptic depolarization requirements for LTP and LTD: a critique of spike timing-dependent plasticity

Long-term potentiation and long-term depression require postsynaptic depolarization, which many current models attribute to backpropagating action potentials. New experimental work suggests, however, that other mechanisms can lead to dendritic depolarization, and that backpropagating action potentials may be neither necessary nor sufficient for synaptic plasticity in vivo.
Narrative and visual spatial recall : assessment incorporating learning and delayed retention

Abstract We determined whether memory for a complex figure improves (learning occurs) after re-presentation of the stimulus despite a delay, as it does for verbal narrative information in the Babcock-Levy recall procedure. In addition, we compared interdigitated administrations of the verbal and nonverbal tests, which reduce delays to 5 minutes, to separate administrations of each test with delays of 20 minutes. Scoring manuals were written, and interscorer reliabilities in the .90's were obtained. Results indicated that visual-spatial recall improves, that the two delays generated equivalent results and that these measures of visual-spatial and verbal memory are not correlated. The interdigitated sequence may be an efficient battery for measuring deliberate recall and learning of verbal and nonverbal complex information.
R-04 L’élimination des déchets d’activités de soins à risques infectieux (DASRI) par les médecins généralistes du département de l’Ain

Introduction et objectifs Analyse de la gestion des DASRI par les medecins generalistes de l’Ain par rapport a la reglementation en vigueur. Materiels et methodes Enquete d’evaluation de type audit de pratique sur un echantillon regroupant les medecins generalistes liberaux inscrits a l’Ordre departemental des medecins de l’Ain. Recueil de donnees realise a partir de reponses volontaires et anonymes des medecins a un questionnaire, adresse par voie postale, qu’ils remplissaient seuls. Resultats Un taux de reponse de 44 % a ete obtenu (187 questionnaires sur 426). 18 % des praticiens produisent plus de 5 kg par mois de DASRI, tous ne respectent pas la duree legale de stockage (1 semaine maximum). Seulement 36,5 % des praticiens utilisent des emballages homologues pour DASRI mous au cabinet, 99,5 % possedent des boites pour les objets piquants, coupants et tranchants (OPCT), alors que 13,5 % utilisent encore des sacs poubelles simples pour eliminer leurs DASRI. Aucun praticien produisant plus de 5 kg par mois de DASRI n’est en conformite avec les normes des locaux, alors que ceux produisant moins de 5 kg par mois de DASRI le sont dans 70 % des cas. 73,5 % des praticiens ont recours a un prestataire pour la collecte de leurs DASRI. 43 % des praticiens possedent a la fois convention et bon de prise en charge, dont 87,5 % ont recours a un prestataire. Le cout annuel d’elimination varie de 50 a 600 euros. 2 % des praticiens ont deja ete controles par la DDASS. Les medecins se disent bien informes (63 %) alors que seulement 18 % sont en conformite avec la reglementation. Conclusion Un faible taux de medecins (18 %) respecte la reglementation. Est-ce un probleme d’information ou une difficulte d’application dans un departement rural tel que le departement de l’Ain.
A rational blood-ordering policy for urology

Abstract A retrospective study of blood-ordering patterns and blood use for elective urologic procedures was done. Only in a few surgical procedures, such as cystectomies, open prostatectomies, and nephrectomies, do the patients commonly receive blood transfusions. Blood is rarely used for a large number of other procedures. In such cases routine crossmatching of blood can be safely substituted by “type and screen.” A guideline for preoperative blood-ordering is proposed that may substantially improve utilization of blood without jeopardizing patient care.
Effects of water quality on development of Xenopus laevis: A frog embryo teratogenesis assay—Xenopus assessment of surface water associated with malformations in native anurans

The purpose of this work was to determine if surface water from a site in Minnesota, USA, with malformed anurans was able to elicit adverse developmental effects in the frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX) and to isolate and identify the factors responsible for the effects. In the standard FETAX test, 25 organisms are placed in a 10-ml volume of solution that is renewed daily. The organisms are assessed for abnormal development and the test is terminated at 96 h. Under these conditions, the site water adversely affected craniofacial development, gastrointestinal development, and growth. However, these effects were eliminated by each of several different treatments, including diluting the surface-water sample with the standard testing solution, adding dry salts directly to the surface water, testing the organisms in larger volumes of site water, and evaporating site water to increase the concentration of total dissolved solids. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the low ion concentrations found in this particular site water were responsible for the developmental effects observed in FETAX. This hypothesis was strengthened further when a reconstituted water, made with deionized water and reagent-grade salts to mimic the content of the site water, affected survival, growth, and development similarly to the surface water. In addition, substantial ammonia accumulation in the FETAX tests was documented. These data suggest that the inherent variability in water quality of field-collected samples is important and could result in artifactual developmental effects when using FETAX. As such, the developmental toxicity observed in these FETAX studies is probably not relevant to malformations observed in native anuran species. To obviate this type of problem, the volumes used in the FETAX protocol should be increased for better organism performance and to reduce the possibility of ammonia toxicity.
A Simulation Framework for Neuron-based Molecular Communication

Molecular communication is a nanoscale communication paradigm that utilizes molecules as a communication medium between nanoscale devices. Development and availability of simulators is critical in this emerging research area since research on molecular communication heavily depends on simulations as the only means to evaluate analytical models and protocols. This paper proposes a simulation framework for neuron-based molecular communication, which utilizes electrochemical signals through neuronal networks. The proposed framework is designed to integrate various simulation components such as visualizers and editors for neuronal networks, media access controllers to neuronal networks and communication schedulers for neuronal signal transmissions. This paper describes key simulation components in the proposed framework and validates them with a case study that implements a TDMA-based signaling protocol in a simulated neuronal network and examines its performance characteristics with evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithms.