cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Gamma Radiation on Nosema algerae (Microspora: Nosematidae) Spore Viability, Germination, and Carbohydrates1

Spores of Nosema algerae Vavra & Undeen were exposed to 5 to 3000 KR of gamma radiation, then assayed for viability in Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, and tested for germination in vitro. There was a dosage-dependent loss of viability between 5 and 100 KR. Immediately after exposure to radiation at dosages between 1000 and 3000 KR, the spores progressively lost ability to germinate in 0.2 M KCl, pH 9.5. Between 250 and 1000 KR spores germinated well immediately after irradiation but, over a time span of days, fewer spores were able to germinate. Gamma radiation at 1000 and 2500 also caused a decrease in intrasporal trehalose concentration. The decline in percentage germination and trehalose concentration was more rapid at the higher dosages than the lower dosages.
Parenteral Arginine Infusion in Humans: Nutrient Substrate or Pharmacologic Agent?

When given as a dietary supplement, arginine enhances lymphocyte mitogenesis and improves nitrogen balance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate arginine's ability to mediate these same effects when given as the sole nitrogen source with minimum additional calories. Thirty patients were randomized to receive 20 g/day arginine hydrochloride or a mixed amino acid solution (Travasol) by intravenous infusion for 7 days after abdominal operations. Mean patient age, body weight, gender ratios, and preoperative degree of weight loss were similar between groups. Mean plasma arginine and ornithine levels rose to 228 +/- 50 mumol/L and 191 +/- 76 mumol/L in the arginine group during infusion. Mean nitrogen balance was -8.8 g/day and -9.2 g/day in the arginine and Travasol groups, respectively. Mean lymphocyte stimulation indices to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin fell on postoperative day 1 in both groups. No significant differences in patterns of lymphocyte mitogenesis changes were noted between groups. The mean total number of circulating T cells increased in the arginine group at postoperative day 7. Thus, parenteral arginine infusion in postoperative patients provided comparable nitrogen balance to a balanced amino acid solution but did not increase peripheral blood lymphocyte mitogenesis. When arginine is given parenterally as the sole nitrogen source with minimal additional calories to postoperative patients, no enhancement of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation could be demonstrated.
Applications of moment invariants to neural computing for pattern recognition

Invariant pattern recognition is achieved by providing the binary codes of moment invariants to the input end of Hopfield network. Combination of moment invariants with neural computing allows us to recognize image patterns which have been subjected to various distortions such as noise translation rotation and scale variation. 1.
Bromocriptine Treatment for Cocaine Addiction

In an open trial of bromocriptine in seven outpatients with cocaine addiction, most patients experienced reduced dysphoria and craving but none achieved abstinence. These results may suggest limitations of the dopamine agonist approach. Cautious interpretation is required because this may have been a treatment-refractory sample.
Characterisation and crystallisation of an 11S seed storage globulin from coconut (Cocos nucifera)

Abstract Cocosin, an 11S seed storage globulin from coconut, has been purified and characterised by HPLC gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. At least eight different subunit species have been identified. Despite this heterogeneity, cocosin crystallises very readily into forms typical of this class of protein. The molecular weight of the protein was in the range 250 000–300 000, higher than the value of 208 000 previously ascribed. A subunit molecular weight of approximately 54 000, together with the crystal symmetry, suggests that cocosin is a typical hexameric 11S globulin, and not a tetramer as was previously postulated.
A comparison of methods for measuring phytotoxicity from foliar sprays of ammonium nitrate

Abstract In a series of experiments, plants of Salvia splendens ’St. John's Fire’ were sprayed to run‐off with NH4NO3 solutions that varied from 0.10–1.87 M (0.8–15.0% NH4NO3). Damage to young fully expanded leaves was determined by measuring percent visually estimated necrosis, leakage of UV (264 nm) absorbing constituents, K, Ca and phosphate, and post‐treatment dry weight:fresh weight ratio. The average correlation coefficient of percent visually estimated necrosis was 0.992 with leakage of UV absorbing constituents, 0.956 with leakage of phosphate, 0.951 with dry weightfresh weight ratio, 0.919 with leakage of Ca and 0.741 with leakage of K. Leakage of UV absorbing constituents consistently provided the best correlation with the visual degree of leaf burn.
Characteristics of egg and larval production in captive bluespotted gobies

Spawning of the Hawaiian coral-reef goby Asterropteryx semipunctata was diurnal, occurring at various times throughout the day. Mean length of eggs deposited in nests was 0.76 mm (range 0.67-0.84); mean egg width was 0.47 mm (range 0.41-0.52). Clutch size varied from 296 to 1552 eggs (mean = 886 ± 309), and was independent of standard length, total body weight, and body condition. Mean relative clutch size was 1.59 eggs mg -1 total body weight (range 0.84-2.43). Clutches hatched 4-5 nights after being deposited in a nest. Mean notochord length of newly-hatched larvae was 1.88 mm (range 1.60-2.04). The minimum period of time that elapsed between egg deposition and subsequent growth of a new batch of oocytes to spawning size was 5-6 days, providing a reasonable estimate of minimum spawning interval. Compared with other gobiids, tropical species tend to have shorter incubation periods, smaller eggs and smaller larvae at hatching.
Antioxidant efficacy of oleoresin rosemary and sodium tripolyphosphate in restructured pork steaks

Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) analysis, sensory evaluation and hexanal content (frozen storage only) monitored lipid oxidation. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) significantly reduced lipid oxidation in cooked steaks during refrigerated storage (≃4 o C) for 8 days. Lipid stability was not enhanced by OR/STPP treatments compared to STPP treatments. Water-soluble OR/STPP did not result in significantly greater lipid stability than oil-soluble OR/STPP treatments. Hexanal content increased after 8 mo frozen storage
Contamination of groundwater by triazines, metolachlor and alachlor☆

Abstract The movement of triazines (atrazine, simazine, cyanazine), metolachlor and alachlor were studied in continous irrigated corn in an Evesboro loamy sand soil. Both no-tillage and conventional tillage treatments were used. Atrazine and simazine were detected in the groundwater more frequently than cyanazine and metolachlor. Alachlor, atrazine and simazine moved rapidly to the groundwater if sufficient rainfall occurred shortly after they were applied. Alachlor concentrations ranged from 4.0 to 15.0 ppb and atrazine concentrations ranged from
Carcinoma of gallbladder simulating metastatic prostatic cancer

This is a case of carcinoma of the gallbladder, which clinically, chemically, and radiographically simulated metastatic prostate cancer. Other causes of elevated serum and bone marrow acid phosphatase and axial skeletal osteoblastic metastases are reviewed.
Computations of turbulent combustion: Progress and challenges

We review the significant progress that has been made in the development and use of turbulent combustion models applicable to practical combustion devices. Recent work has focused on the development of methods that can treat finite-rate kinetics in a realistic yet tractable way, so that local extinction and related phenomena can be studied. Direct numerical simulation cannot be used for this purpose, because it is computationally intractable; and the potential of large-eddy simulation is far from clear because combustion reactions give rise to a severe closure problem. PDF methods, on the other hand, overcome the major closure problems, and they have been shown to be tractable for complex flows and with realistic finite-rate kinetics. A simple explanation of pdf methods is presented. It is shown that the single modelled equation for the joint pdf of velocity, dissipation and composition provides a closure for turbulent combustion. Reaction and convection are treated exactly, while the modelling is performed in a Lagrangian setting, by constructing deterministic or stochastic models for the evolution of fluid-particle properties. Examples of recent pdf calculations are described, including those based on four-step mechanisms for methane. Extension of pdf methods to include composition gradients is discussed, with a view to improving the modelling of molecular diffusion.
Epimerization of Benzylpenicilloic Acid in Alkaline Media

5R,6R-Benzylpenicilloic acid was found to epimerize slowly in alkaline media to 5S,6R-benzylpenicilloic acid until equilibrium was established. Epimerization proceeded via the imine tautomer of penamaldic acid rather than the enamine form and was found to favor the 5S,6R-epimer at equilibrium. The conversion process was monitored using both reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and NMR spectroscopy.
The Conventional Outflow Resistances

The concept of the conventional aqueous outflow pathway (through the trabecular meshwork and other components of the canal's inner wall, along Schlemm's canal to collector channels, and out of the eye through the collector channels) was modeled on tubes with leaky walls and a network of electrical resistances. Analysis of these models suggested experiments to test the models and to assess the magnitude of the resistance of portions of the pathway. We found that the well-known increase in outflow resistance with increased intraocular pressure was, in large measure, the result of blockage of the collector channels, probably by the canal's inner wall. A model of the trabecular meshwork predicted that tension on the scleral spur and trabecular mesh would cause the meshwork to arch over Schlemm's canal. We depressed the lens to generate such tension, and found that the resistance of the inner wall of the canal decreased. In one eye, lens depression also decreased resistance to flow in the collector channels and the canal of Schlemm and prompted the suggestion that when secretory inhibitors are used in glaucoma, cyclotonic agents should be used simultaneously to relieve canal collapse and blockage of collector channels by inner canal wall.
Six steps to the lectern

With appropriate tailoring to the circumstances, conscious attention to six basic steps builds the foundation for successful speech making: 1) Analyze the audience, 2) choose the subject, 3) determine the purpose. 4) research the subject, 5) write the text, and 6) practice the speech.
Effects of Modifiers of Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis on Outflow Facility in Perfusion Culture

Purpose Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been implicated in the regulation of outflow resistance of aqueous humor flow through the trabecular meshwork (TM). Their role was further investigated by assessment of the effects of chlorate, an inhibitor of sulfation, and beta-xyloside, which provides a competitive nucleation point for addition of disaccharide units, in anterior segment perfusion culture. Methods Outflow facility was measured in perfused porcine and human anterior organ cultures treated with 20 or 50 mM sodium chlorate, or 1 mM beta-xyloside. Perturbation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components was assessed in paraffin-embedded sections by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Parallel experiments were conducted on cultured TM cells. Results Outflow facility increased in porcine eyes with chlorate (3-fold) and beta-xyloside (3.5-fold) treatments. In human eyes, outflow increased approximately 1.5-fold and took longer (>48 hours) to occur. By confocal microscopy, immunostaining for chondroitin and heparan sulfates was observed on edges of human TM beams in nontreated eyes, with intense staining in the juxtacanalicular tissue (JCT) region. In treated eyes, staining of beam edges was severely reduced and was instead found in plaques. Chlorate treatment resulted in a striated pattern of GAG staining in the human JCT region. Fibronectin immunostaining was altered in beta-xyloside-treated eyes, whereas in cell culture, chlorate induced formation of thick fibronectin fibrils, to which tenascin C colocalized. Conclusions Disrupting GAG chain biosynthesis increased outflow facility in perfusion culture and induced atypical ECM molecule interactions in cell culture. This study provides direct evidence of the critical role of GAG chains in regulating outflow resistance in human TM.
Marine magnetic anomaly 33–34 identified in the Upper Cretaceous of the Great Valley Sequence of California

An interval of reversed magnetic polarity has been located in Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Great Valley Sequence of California. The interval has been found at four sites, two on each side of the Sacramento Valley. In each case, the reversed interval is associated with the same ammonite local range zone. Firm biostratigraphic correlation and the structure of the magnetic polarity time scale allow us to determine that the reversed interval corresponds to marine magnetic anomaly 33–34 and represents the lower part of the Campanian Stage. The reversed interval serves as a marker horizon linking the different faunal assemblages and sedimentary facies of the Great Valley Sequence. It also provides the first direct correlation of provincial biostratigraphic zones of the North Pacific province with the Cretaceous stages in Europe.
The magnetic properties of praseodymium metal

The magnetic properties of praseodymium metal are interpreted in terms of a simple model suggested by the crystal structure where alternate layers of ions are subjected to crystal fields of face-centred cubic and hexagonal symmetry. The crystal field parameters are found by fitting the magnetic specific heat anomaly, and the variation of the susceptibility with temperature can be explained using a two-parameter molecular field model. The exchange interaction is predominantly ferromagnetic in sign. The origin of the hyperfine specific heat is discussed, and attributed to interaction effects, though these must be larger than can be accounted for by simple theoretical estimates.
Methane production from low solid concentration liquid swine waste using conventional anaerobic fermentation

A study was conducted to determine the methane production characteristics of low concentration liquid swine waste using conventional dispersed growth anaerobic fermentation at 35°C. Raw waste was obtained from a conventional under floor flushing system and screened using an 18 mesh vibrating liquid–solid separator. The volatile solid (VS) concentration of the influent waste used in the study was 15 g/l. Hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 5, 3, 2, and 1 days were replicated three times with one 300 l bench scale fermenter. Results from the study show that conversion to methane is practical for the 5 and 3 day HRT but that considerable stress occurred at the 2 day HRT. One replicate failed during the 2 day HRT and all three replicates failed at the 1 day HRT. Failure of digestion was determined based on steady-state gas production. Methane productivity (LCH4/g VS added) ranged from 0.36 to 0.22 for the 5 and 2 day HRTs, respectively. VS reduction showed a high of 51.6% for the 5 day HRT and a low of 34.5% for the 2 day. Steady-state operating levels of ammonia and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) suggest no inhibition from either at any of the HRTs. Alkalinity levels were low (1200–2000 mg/l as CaCO3) when compared to digestion studies using longer HRTs. Although foaming occurred at the 2 and 1 day HRT, TVFA levels remained low ( 7. This suggests the failure mechanism was bacterial washout, not organic overloading.
Tokamak reactor designs as a function of aspect ratio

Abstract This paper assesses the technical and economic potential of tokamak power plants which utilize superconducting coil (SC) or normal conducting coil (NC) designs as a function of aspect ratio (A). Based on the results from plasma equilibrium calculations, the key physics design parameters of βN, βp, βT, and κ were fitted to parametric equations covering A in the range of 1.2–6. By using ARIES-RS and ARIES-ST as reference design points, a fusion reactor system code was used to project the performance and cost of electricity (COE) of SC and NC reactor designs over the same range of A. The principle difference between the SC and the NC designs are the inboard standoff distance between the coil and the inboard first wall, and the maximum central column current density used for respective coil types. Results show that at an output power of 2 GWe both NC and SC designs can project COE in the respectable range of 62–65 mill/kW h at gross thermal efficiency of 46%, with neutron wall loading (Γn) ∼7 MW/m2. More importantly, we have learned that based on the present knowledge of equilibrium physics and fusion power core components and system design we can project the performance and COE of reactor designs at least for the purpose of comparative assessment. Tokamak design points can then be selected and optimized for testing or commercial devices as a function of output power, A and Γn for both SC and NC design options.
A retrospective analysis and case series of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: two case reports

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have a key role in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous interventions. Although, an increased risk of bleeding complications is well recognized, its association with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is much less recognized. Previous authors have suggested that the incidence of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage has been significantly underestimated due to under reporting. In order to help better determine the incidence of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor associated DAH, a retrospective review of medical records was conducted over a 1 year period at a single high volume medical hospital. The medical records of all patients diagnosed with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage were evaluated for treatment with a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor within 48 hours of its diagnosis. Each patient meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the case series. This number was compared with the total number of patients receiving a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor during the same time period and an incidence of the complication was calculated. 292 patients received either abciximab or eptifibatide during the one year review period and two patients were diagnosed with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage confirmed by serial bronchiolar lavage for an incidence of 0.68%. Of the total 292 patients receiving GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, 172 patients received abciximab with one occurrence of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage for an incidence of 0.58% while 120 patients received eptifibatide with one occurrence for an incidence of 0.83%. Both patients developed significant morbidity as a result of the complication and 1 of the 2 patients died as a complication of the disease. Our findings support the claim that the incidence of GP IIb/IIIa induced diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is substantially higher than initially suggested by drug manufacturer studies. Although these drugs have proven mortality benefits, its association with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is likely under-recognized leading to significant under-reporting. The best way to more accurately determine the true incidence of this complication and decrease its morbidity and mortality is to increase awareness as well as include diffuse alveolar hemorrhage as a serious complication in product labeling.
Field Performance of Three Compacted Clay Landfill Covers

A study was conducted at sites in subtropical Georgia, seasonal and humid Iowa, and arid southeastern California to evaluate the field hydrology of compacted clay covers for final closure of landfills. Water balance of the covers was monitored with large (10 by 20 m), instrumented drainage lysimeters for 2 to 4 yr. Initial drainage at the Iowa and California sites was <32 mm yr−1 (i.e., unit gradient flow for a hydraulic conductivity of 10−7 cm s−1, the regulatory standard for the clay barriers in this study); initial drainage rate at the Georgia site was about 80 mm yr−1. The drainage rate at all sites increased by factors ranging from 100 to 750 during the monitoring periods and in each case the drainage rate exceeded 32 mm yr−1 by the end of the monitoring period. The drainage rates developed a rapid response to precipitation events, suggesting that increases in drainage rate were the result of preferential flow. Although no direct observations of preferential flow paths were made, field measurements of water content and temperature at all three sites suggested that desiccation or freeze–thaw cycling probably resulted in formation of preferential flow paths through the barrier layers. Data from all three sites showed the effectiveness of all three covers as hydraulic barriers diminished during the 2 to 4 yr monitoring period, which was short compared with the required design life (often 30 yr) of most waste containment facilities.
An Integrated Management System: Lessons from the Japanese Experience

Japanese management is characterized by a focus on the maximum utilization of human resources. This philosophy of management is realized through three general strategies: development of an internal labor market, articulation of a unique company philosophy, and intensive socialization of employees. These strategies in turn are manifested in a number of specific management techniques. These techniques can be adapted by businesses in other countries, and indeed some of them (e.g., long tenure, job rotation, consultative decision making) are in use in a number of top American companies.
The nature of hypnotic performance following administration of the Carleton Skills Training program.

Abstract 30 low hypnotizable Ss were administered the Carleton Skills Training (CST) program, while 8 were assigned to a practice group. Prior to treatment, an attempt was made to facilitate training by altering the ecological conditions of the laboratory. All Ss were tested immediately after treatment, and trained Ss were retested after 5–7 months. Immediate training gains were large and were comparable in magnitude to those routinely found at Carleton University. In addition, (a) trained Ss responded comparably whether screened once or twice, (b) practice alone did not enhance hypnotic performance, and (c) natural high hypnotizable Ss obtained significantly larger Field Inventory of Hypnotic Depth (Field, 1965) scores than created high hypnotizables. Follow-up scores fell between scores posted at screening and immediately after training. Current findings are interpreted in the context of existing evidence concerning the CST program.
The Development of an Adolescent Perception of Being Known Measure

Adopting a constructivist perspective of adolescent development, we argue adolescents' perceptions of being known reflect teachers' authentic recognition of adolescents' multiple emerging identities. As such, adolescent perceptions of being known are a distinct factor associated with high school students' engagement in school. A mixed method approach (Phase 1 focus groups, N = 72 , Phase 2 cross sectional survey, N = 890 ) guided the development and testing of an Adolescent Perception of Being Known Scale (A-PBKS). Here, we report on item development, item performance, convergent, divergent, and predictive validity as well as measurement invariance. We conclude the paper by outlining the promise research studying instructional moves through a developmental lens has for understanding teaching and learning in urban high schools.
Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Tobacco Use in Veterans at Boise Veterans Affairs Medical Center

BACKGROUND: Although its prevalence is still debated, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, and smoking cessation remains the only intervention that can significantly improve the prognosis of COPD. METHODS: To determine the prevalence of COPD in a typical population seeking care at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center; the impact of smoking, age, and sex on the prevalence of COPD in this population; and how often spirometry is done in patients at risk for COPD, we extracted data from the Veterans Integrated Service Network 20 Consumer Health Information and Performance Sets database, on patients seen at the Boise Veterans Affairs Medical Center between January 1, 1999, and May 30, 2006. RESULTS: Approximately 8.8% (2,556/28,983) of all patients and 14.1% (1,152/8,149) of smokers were reported to have COPD. The odds of COPD in smokers, after adjusting for age and sex, was 3.18 (95% confidence interval 2.88–3.50) times greater than in nonsmokers. Males were 1.48 times more likely to have COPD than females, and there was an increasing risk of COPD with age. Thirty-nine percent of all veterans and 54% of those with COPD were active smokers. 273 (60%) of the 455 symptomatic smokers without a prior diagnosis of COPD were not evaluated with spirometry. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of COPD in patients at the Boise Veterans Affairs Medical Center was consistent with that in other United States surveys, although the underutilization of screening spirometry in those at risk for COPD may have caused underestimation of the prevalence. Smoking, age, and male sex were identified as significant risk factors for COPD, and the
Engineering extended membrane scaffold proteins for self-assembly of soluble nanoscale lipid bilayers.

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) play an important role in human health through the metabolism and trafficking of cholesterol as well as providing the feedstocks for steroid hormone biosynthesis. These particles contain proteins, primarily Apo-AI and phospholipid and progress through various structural forms including ‘lipid-poor’, ‘discoidal’ and ‘spherical’ entities as cholesterol esters and lipid are incorporated. The discoidal form of HDL is stabilized in solution by two encircling belts of Apo-AI. Previous protein engineering of the Apo-AI sequence has led to a series of amphipathic helical proteins, termed membrane scaffold proteins (MSPs), which have shown great value in assembling nanoscale soluble membrane bilayers, termed Nanodiscs, of homogeneous size and composition and in the assembly of numerous integral membrane proteins for biophysical and biochemical investigations. In this communication we document a protein engineering approach to generate and optimize an extended polypeptide MSP, which will self-assemble phospholipids into larger Nanodiscs with diameters of 16–17 nm. We extensively characterize these structures by size exclusion chromatography and solution X-ray scattering.
Applications of metal oxide materials in dye sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells for making solar fuels: let the molecules do the work

Solar fuels hold great promise as a permanent, environmentally friendly, long-term renewable energy source, that would be readily available across the globe. In this account, an approach to solar fuels is described based on Dye Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells (DSPEC) that mimic the configuration used in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC), but with the goal of producing oxygen and a high energy solar fuel in the separate compartments of a photoelectrochemical cell rather than a photopotential and photocurrent.
Effects of insulin on subcellular localization of hexokinase II in human skeletal muscle in vivo.

The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, catalyzed by hexokinase, is the first committed step in glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. Two isoforms of hexokinase, HKI and HKII, are expressed in human skeletal muscle, but only HKII expression is regulated by insulin. HKII messenger RNA, protein, and activity are increased after 4 h of insulin infusion; however, glucose uptake is stimulated much more rapidly, occurring within minutes. Studies in rat muscle suggest that changes in the subcellular distribution of HKII may be an important regulatory factor for glucose uptake. The present studies were undertaken to determine if insulin causes an acute redistribution of HKII activity in human skeletal muscle in vivo. Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis muscle) were performed before and at the end of 30 min insulin infusion, performed using the euglycemic clamp technique. Muscle biopsies were subfractionated into soluble and particulate fractions to determine if insulin acutely changes the subcellular ...
Zonisamide Concentrations During Pregnancy

Objective:TO describe a series of serum concentrations of zonisamide in a pregnant woman.Case Summary:A 30-year-old woman with primary generalized tonic–clonic seizures and myoclonic jerks was taking zonisamide 200 mg daily as her sole antiepileptic agent when she conceived. She continued on zonisamide throughout her pregnancy. The zonisamide concentrations ranged between 7.5 μg/mL and 17 μg/mL during pregnancy, with the exception of a 4.4-μg/mL concentration at 27 weeks postconception. Following this lower concentration, the zonisamide dose was increased to 300 mg/day at week 29. She had an uneventful pregnancy, with only occasional myoclonic jerks, and delivered at 41 weeks. At 42 weeks, white taking zonisamide 300 mg/day, her concentration was 20.8 μg/mLDiscussion:A single report from Japan reviewed 26 cases of prenatal exposure to zonisamide. Twenty-two offspring were exposed to zonisamide monotherapy; 4 were exposed to polytherapy. During the first trimester, 2 pregnant women on zonisamide and at lea...
Paleogeographic reconstruction of the Eocene Idaho River, North American Cordillera

Eocene Lake Gosiute in southwestern Wyo- ming was progressively fi lled in by volcani- clastic sediment between 49.6 and 47.0 Ma. The source of this material has long been thought to have been the Absaroka volcanic province, immediately north of the greater Green River Basin. Lead isotope compositions of sandstone from this interval, however, are consistent with derivation from the Challis volcanic fi eld. The 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of single de- trital K-feldspar crystals from greater Green River Basin sandstones are nearly identical to 40 Ar/ 39 Ar eruptive ages for volcanic rocks of the Challis volcanic fi eld (49.8-45.5 Ma), but we also identify Mesozoic and Proterozoic crystals that are consistent with cooling ages for rocks that were likely exposed in the Idaho segment of the North American Cordillera during the Eocene. Most of these rocks are traversed by or are up-gradient of a major Eocene paleovalley in central Idaho. The sud- den appearance of Challis-derived sediment in the greater Green River Basin indicates that a major river, here named the Idaho River, connected the interior of the North American Cordillera to the greater Green River Basin. This connection requires 500 km to reach from central Idaho to the greater Green River Ba- sin. The Idaho River probably carried detritus that was stripped from distant uplifted moun- tains above the active Challis volcanic fi eld as far south as the Piceance Creek Basin, suggest- ing a total length of at least 1000 km. Middle Eocene metamorphic core complexes in the northern Cordillera likely produced a major highland in the headwaters of the Idaho River, which generated river systems that drained both eastward into the Wyoming foreland and westward into the Oregon Coast ranges.
A pilot study of a weekend retreat intervention for family survivors of homicide.

Homicide causes negative unintended consequences for family survivors. Family survivors face complicated grief and overwhelming loss with minimal support from others. The authors offered a retreat intervention as a way to ameliorate the effects of the homicidal death for family survivors of homicide. An exploratory longitudinal pilot study examined the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and explored the impact of the TOZI© Healing intervention on participants' distress symptoms. Eight family members participated in the 2-day retreat and completed surveys at five time intervals over 30 months. Descriptive statistics and correlations were used to analyze the data. Although sample sizes were too small to achieve statistical significance, changes on selected holistic health outcomes, supported by overwhelmingly positive focus group responses to the intervention, affirm the need for further study. Language: en
The Symbiotic Ideology: Stewardship, Husbandry, and Dominion in Beef Production

Social studies of agriculture tend to overlook the micro and symbolic interactions that structure relationships among agriculturalists, the environment, and animals raised as commodities. In this study, I use ethnographic methods and in-depth interviews with conventional beef producers to understand their perceptions of the environment and the nonhuman animals they raise. Central themes in this setting are the ethics of stewardship and husbandry. I seek to understand how these values are constructed and used interactionally. I argue that stewardship and husbandry help describe a process of co-constitution that binds together ranchers, cattle, and the natural environment. The analysis engages actor-network theory by emphasizing nonhuman activeness and draws from symbolic interaction and cultural sociology to show how people interpret the actions of nonhumans. The findings show that ranchers frame their relationships with cattle and the environment as symbiotic and work to understand the interests of the nonhuman as complementary to production. I introduce the term symbiotic ideology to show the way this approach mystifies power dynamics embedded in the ethic of dominion.
Interpretation of the depolarizing effects in vector diffraction tomography

The major difficulty in evaluating possible practical applications of vector diffraction tomography is that experimental data are still sparse and that the data generated usually involve either the Born or Ryton scalar wave approximations. In order to test the depolarizing effects in electromagnetic wave equation needs to be inverted, which at the current state of the art still cannot be done. Instead, for the inverse problem of image formation, oblique incidence on a circular cylindrical scatterer is investigated. It is shown that reconstructions of the exact fields at oblique incidence deteriorate rapidly as the angle of incidence deviates further from normal incidence, due to depolarizing effects. These reconstructions are investigated, and, in addition, it is shown that apparent depolarization of the incident field increases as one approaches the object due to near field effects. The results of these numerical simulations indicate that even a small degree of depolarization strongly affects the quality of the image reconstruction. Therefore, it is concluded that the depolarizing term of the wave equation cannot be neglected in microwave (vector) diffraction tomography. >
Current clamping in a long pulse electron beam-gas interaction

Current clamping (constant current behavior) was observed in measurements of the current drawn by a metal plate acting as a beam collector for long-pulse (300 ns) electron beam, propagating a short distance through low-pressure gas (40-1000 mtorr). When the clamping occurs, oscillations in the beam collector current are reduced, resulting in a flat current pulse. Good agreement is found with a model which considers the impedance of the plasma produced by the electron beam in parallel with the inductance of the beam-collector current path. The current clamping occurs when the plasma impedance is smaller than the inductive impedance of the beam-collector current path. >
Ligulosis associated with mortality in largescale suckers

Investigations of a fish kill at an irrigation reservoir in the Deschutes River basin, Oregon, documented at least 153 dead largescale suckers Catostomus macrocheilus, all heavily infected with large Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda). Moribund fish nearshore were similarly infected, with no evidence of secondary disease or infection. Morbidity and mortality in all cases was probably due to severe mechanical damage to internal host organs resulting from infection with multiple, large L. intestinalis. The pathology of L. intestinalis documented in largescale sucker in this study contrasts sharply with previous accounts and may represent a new and emerging disease for largescale suckers.
Racial Warriors and Weekend Warriors The Construction of Masculinity in Mythopoetic and White Supremacist Discourse

This article explores contemporary white male backlash by comparing the discourses of two movements usually assumed to have little in common: the mythopoetic men's movement and the contemporary whi...
Relation of Four Components of Creativity to Risk-Taking Preferences:

The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and the Kogan and Wallach Choice Dilemma Questionnaire were administered to a total population of 66 graduate students at a predominantly black university. R...
An architecture for active DSS

An architecture is proposed for decision-support systems that can provide active assistance to a user working on complex problems. The major feature is that, in addition to conventional user-directed processes, there are processes directed by a computer-directed-process manager (CDPM). For a CDPM to function, the system must maintain a continually updated model of what the user is doing. The input to this model is a history of the process, gathered by the history-recorder component of the system and analyzed by a history inference processor. Schema theory provides a framework construction of the model of the user problem-solving processes and the CDPM. >
Collision-free path-planning in a dynamic environment: semantic control approach

There are many large scale control problems in which classical control methods are no longer applicable. In this paper we explore as an example the problem of collision-free path-planning in a dynamic environment. Our new semantic control paradigm, pro posed in this paper, is shown to be able to handle problems that cannot otherwise be handled by classical methods.
Fyn-dependent regulation of energy expenditure and body weight is mediated by tyrosine phosphorylation of LKB1

Fyn null mice display reduced adiposity associated with increased fatty acid oxidation, energy expenditure, and activation of the AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The acute pharmacological inhibition of Fyn kinase activity with SU6656 in wild-type mice reproduces these metabolic effects and induced a specific reduction in fat mass with no change in lean mass. LKB1, the main upstream AMPK kinase (AMPKK) in peripheral tissues, was redistributed from the nucleus into the cytoplasm of cells treated with SU6656 and in cells expressing a kinase-deficient, but not a constitutively kinase-active, Fyn mutant. Moreover, Fyn kinase directly phosphorylated LKB1 on tyrosine 261 and 365 residues, and mutations of these sites resulted in LKB1 export into the cytoplasm and increased AMPK phosphorylation. These data demonstrate a crosstalk between Fyn tyrosine kinase and the AMPK energy-sensing pathway, through Fyn-dependent regulation of the AMPK upstream activator LKB1.
The Compositionality of Representations

The preceding discussions of the systematicity of inference and systematicity of cognitive representations argument have followed a pattern. The putative explananda were introduced along with clarifications and sundry friendly revisions. It was then argued that a Pure Atomist theory of cognitive representation, while able to accommodate the data, could not explain it to the standard implicit in Fodor and Pylyshyn’s critique. The most surprising finding was that, when this standard was made explicit and prominent, one can see that Classicism fails to explain the systematic relations in thought for essentially the same reasons as does Pure Atomism.
Effects of Cold

To the Editor: I would like to offer some questions and comments concerning the article, “Effects of Cold Submersion on Intramuscular Temperature of the Gastrocnemius Muscle,” by Johnson and associates (Phys Ther 59: 1238-1242, 1979). The article stated that oral temperature of the subjects was monitored and I must assume that it did not change because this was not stated. The ambient temperature was not given and I assume that it was from 68°F to 73.4°F (20°C–23°C). Was the contralateral leg covered or not? Probably not. I submit that anyone lying uncovered and inactive in a room 13°C to 16°C cooler than body temperature for a period of five hours would tend to cool. The core temperature would tend to be maintained at the expense of peripheral circulation.… Related Article: [PubMed][1] [1]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493345
The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and texting while driving behavior in college students

ABSTRACTObjective: To examine the role of intent and other theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs in predicting college students' willingness to text while driving (TWD).Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. 243 male and female college students enrolled in the 2013–2014 academic year in the College of Health, Human Services & Nursing completed a survey on TWD. Inclusion criteria: All races and ethnicities, ≥18 years of age, cell phone owner, and licensed driver.Results: Over 70% of the sample (n = 243) reported talking on a cell phone and sending and receiving text messages “at least a few times” while driving within the past week. However, only 27% reported being stopped by police. Of these, 22% reported being fined. Within the past 30 days, 26% reported reading or sending TWD and having to slam on the brakes to avoid hitting another car or pedestrian(s) as a result. In all, 47% of the variance in intention to send TWD was accounted for by the full TPB model. Intention, in turn, predicted willi...
Investigation and analysis of correlation between antimicrobials application and nosocomial infections

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical application of antimicrobials,and to study the correlative relationship with nosocomial infection,so as to provide guidance for the reasonable clinical application of antimicrobials.METHODS The data of 6 147inpatients in our hospital during 2010to 2012were selected retrospectively to analyze the situations of antimicrobials application and nosocomial infections.Count data were expressed as a percentage and were analyzed by theχ2 test and the correlation test.RESULTS There were 5496cases of the patients used the antimicrobials in the all of the 6 147cases,the utilization rate of the antimicrobials was 89.41%,the nosocomial infection occurred in 154cases,the rate of nosocomial infections was 2.51%.The annual utilization rates of the antimicrobials were 92.74%,91.27% and 84.93% respectively,and the annual rates of nosocomial infections were respectively 2.74%,2.63% and 2.19% respectively in 2010-2012,they showed a significant positive correlation(r=0.9 999,P0.05);the utilization rate of the antimicrobials and the rate of nosocomial infections in the department of Pediatrics were the highest,which were 93.87% and 4.23% respectively.In the utilization of antimicrobials,the rates of prevention,treatment and prevention+treatment were respectively 61.59%,36.57% and 1.84%,the rates of nosocomial infections were 1.83%,3.88% and 1.98% accordingly;the rates of single-drug,two-drug and three-drug combination were respectively 55.42%,43.50% and 1.07%,the rates of nosocomial infections were 1.67%,3.47%and 13.56%,respectively.CONCLUSION Antimicrobials application is the major related factor for nosocomial infections,so the rational use of antimicrobials should be strengthened in order to decrease the rate of nosocomial infections.
Reproducing Kernel and Conjguate Space of Bergman Spaces on the Upper Half Plane

The reproducing kernel of Bergman space on the upper half plane was introduced.The boundedness of integral operator induced by reproducing kernel was studied.Moreover,the conjugate space of Bergman spaces was discussed.
Pesticide, heavy metal, and other chemical residues in infant and toddler total diet samples. (III). August 1976-September 1977.

The Total Diet Study has been conducted by the Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, since 1964 to monitor the diet of adults, and more recently the infant and toddler diet, for residues of pesticides and other chemicals. This report presents the residues found in 12 infant and toddler market baskets, i.e., items comprising the average 2-week diet of infants and toddlers, collected in 12 major cities in 4 geographical areas from August 1976 through September 1977. The analyses for each market basket were performed on composites of each of 11 food classes, and the results are presented in a variety of formats. In addition to chemical residues, the market baskets were also analyzed for 6 heavy metals: arsenic, lead, selenium, zinc, cadmium, and mercury. Results of recovery studies conducted with residue compounds of various types are also included in this report. The results for the adult market baskets for the same period are published as a separate report.
A Review of 100 Renal and Perinephric Sonograms with Anatomic Diagnoses

AbstractSonography is a non-invasive, safe, convenient, quick and pain-free diagnostic modality, which can differentiate fluid masses from solid tumors and give a 3-dimensional representation of organs and masses in the retroperitoneum by biplanar sections. Sonography depends on the fact that high frequency sound has many characteristics of light and is, in fact, a sophisticated method of transillumination.A review of the first 100 consecutive patients who had sonography and anatomic diagnosis of the renal or perinephric abnormality shows the versatility and potentials of sonography. Of these 100 sonograms of renal and perinephric abnormalities 92 were correct by anatomic diagnosis.
Classifying Resolving Lists by Distances between Members

Let G be a connected graph and let w1, · · ·wr be a list of vertices. We refer to the choice of a triple (r;G;w1, · · ·wr), as a metric selection. Let ρ be the shortest path metric ofG. We say that w1, · · ·wr resolves G (metricly) if the function c : V (G) −→ Z given by x 7→ (ρ(w1, x), · · · , ρ(wr, x)) is injective. We refer to c as the code map, and to its image as the codes of the triple (r;G;w1, · · · , wr). This paper proves basic results on the following questions: 1. What sets can be the image of a code map? 2. Given the image of a graph’s code map, what can we determine about the graph?
Reducing Variability in Orthogonal Reformatted Image Quality Associated With Axial Long–z-Axis CT Angiography

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to reduce variation in image quality of orthogonal reformatted images generated from long–z-axis CT angiography (CTA) studies of the upper and lower extremities. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Upper and lower extremity CTA studies were targeted at a single health care system. A correctly performed CTA examination was defined as one that met the following three criteria: Sagittal and coronal reformats were obtained, a high-resolution matrix greater than 512 × 512 was used, and reformatted images were available in a distance-measurable format. Baseline data were collected from February 1, 2014, through September 30, 2014. Corrective actions were implemented during three consecutive plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycles from October 1, 2014, through July 31, 2015, that addressed human, technical, and systematic variations. A 3-month maintenance period followed in which no intervention was performed. Longitudinal data were analyzed monthly using a statistical process control chart (...