cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial Distance Effect of Bienzymes on the Efficiency of Sequential Reactions in a Microfluidic Reactor Packed with Enzyme-immobilized Microbeads

Three different configurations of microfluidic reactors packed with enzyme-bearing microbeads were examined to show that the overall efficiency of coupled enzyme-catalyzed reactions depends on the spatial relationship of two enzymes immobilized on the bead surfaces. The spatial distances of glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzymes were controlled by using microbeads as a supporting matrix for immobilizing the two enzymes and packing them in two microfluidic chambers. A microreactor packed with microbeads coimmobilized with the two enzymes showed a better overall reaction efficiency than the other two reactors, where the two enzymes were spatially distant, under a flow condition. These results are ascribed to the reduced diffusional loss of an intermediate product in the bienzyme-coimmobilized microreactor. Furthermore, the inhibition of the GOx enzyme by H2O2, an intermediate product, can be eliminated by quickly converting H2O2 to a final non-inhibiting product in the bienzyme-coimmobilized microreactor.
New polynuclear compounds of iron(II) chloride with oxygen donor ligands Part II. Polymeric [FeCl2(OPMe3)]∞ and mononuclear FeCl2(OPMe3)2. Syntheses, properties and single crystal structure determinations

Abstract A new polymeric Fe(II) chloride complex, [FeCl2(OPMe3)]∞ (1), has been synthesized from the reaction of stoichiometric quantities of FeCl3, Fe and OPMe3 (2:1:3) in THF. Use of a 2:1:6 ratio in the above reaction gives instead the mononuclear complex FeCl2(OPMe3)2 (2). The structure of the polymer consists of infinite chains of FeCl2(OPMe3) units, where each Fe atom is linked by four bridging chlorine atoms to two other Fe atoms. The arrangement of the four chlorine atoms and one OPMe3 molecule around the iron atom results in a trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry. Complex 2 has tetrahedral geometry. The magnitudes of the magnetic moments for 1 and 2 at room temperature are 4.90 and 5.51 BM, respectively, indicative of high spin Fe2+. In 1, two different Fe…Fe distances 3.560(0) and 3.688(0) A alternate along the chain, the FeCl bond distances are in the range 2.35–2.60 A, the FeO distance is 1.954(2) A and the PO distance is 1.513(2) A. In 2, the FeCl distances average to 2.291(4) A, the average FeO and PO distances are 1.994(2) and 1.504(1) A, respectively. Crystallographic data: 1, monoclinic, space group P21/n, a=6.810(2), b=12.943(5), c=9.645(2) A, β=100.224(2)°, V=836.6(11) A3, Z=4, R=O.041 (Rw=0.058) for 101 parameters and 1665 unique data having Fo2>3σ(Fo2). 2, orthorhombic, space group P212121, a=11.270(3), b=12.011(2), c=10.811(2) A, V=1463.5(5) A3, Z=4, R=0.052 (Rw=0.064) for 142 parameters and 1356 unique data having Fo2>3σ(Fo2).
Kenneth O. Emery (1914–1998)

Kenneth O. Emery, former scientist emeritus at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and one of the best known and most respected leaders in marine geology, died at age 83 on April 12, 1998. K. O., as he preferred to be called, influenced most aspects of marine geology, both in the United States and in many foreign countries. K. O. was a generalist in the true sense of the word, and his dedication to science and his colleagues continued until just days before his death. He was a teacher, friend, and mentor to many scientists around the world.
The cII-independent expression of the phage λ int gene in RNase III-defective E. coli

This study compares the rates of lambda protein synthesis after infection of rnc- cells, which are defective in ribonuclease III (RNase III), with the analogous rates in an isogenic rnc+ host. Temporal differences in gene expression are reflected in a delay in turn-off of lambda early proteins as well as in the delayed appearance of late phage functions in rnc- host cells. Moreover, in the two hosts there is a striking difference in the regulation of gene int expression, which in wild-type cells requires the product of the lambda cII (and cIII )genes, whereas Int synthesis occurs in the absence of cII in RNase III-defective cells. These results suggest that RNase III may be a negative regulator of Int synthesis. The expression of int is also shown to be cII- and cIII-independent in rnc+ cells infected with b2-deleted phages, thus confirming previous studies on the negative regulation of int by the b2-region. Possible mechanisms of these two inhibitory effects on int expression are considered and the significance of int regulation in the control of site-specific recombination is discussed.
γ-Aminobutyric Acid–Serotonin Interactions in Healthy Men: Implications for Network Models of Psychosis and Dissociation

Background This study tested the hypothesis that deficits in γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) receptor function might create a vulnerability to the psychotogenic and perceptual altering effects of serotonergic (5-HT 2A/2C ) receptor stimulation. The interactive effects of iomazenil, an antagonist and partial inverse agonist of the benzodiazepine site of the GABA A receptor complex, and m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP), a partial agonist of 5-HT 2A/2C receptors, were studied in 23 healthy male subjects. Methods Subjects underwent 4 days of testing, during which they received intravenous infusions of iomazenil/placebo followed by m-CPP/placebo in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. Behavioral, cognitive, and hormonal data were collected before drug infusions and periodically for 200 min after. Results Iomazenil and m-CPP interacted in a synergistic manner to produce mild psychotic symptoms and perceptual disturbances without impairing cognition. Iomazenil and m-CPP increased anxiety in an additive fashion. Iomazenil and m-CPP interacted in a synergistic manner to increase serum cortisol. Conclusions Gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic deficits might increase the vulnerability to the psychotomimetic and perceptual altering effects of serotonergic agents. These data suggest that interactions between GABA A and 5-HT systems might contribute to the pathophysiology of psychosis and dissociative-like perceptual states.
Gibberellins and Light Regulated Petiole Growth in Thlaspi arvense L

Petiole growth in Thlaspi arvense L. was stimulated when a basic 8 hour photoperiod (4.20 milliwatts per square centimeter) was extended with low intensity light (0.16 milliwatt per square centimeter) from incandescent lamps. The day length extension was effective only when the light contained high proportions of far red light. Exogenous gibberellin A3 (GA3) could partially substitute for the promotive effect of the extended photoperiod. Moreover, the GA biosynthesis inhibitor 2-chlorocholine chloride inhibited the increase in petiole growth induced by the extended photoperiod. However, evidence was obtained indicating that gibberellins do not mediate the effect of the extended photoperiod. First, petiole growth was greater in plants receiving both exogenous GA3 and a day length extension than the sum of the effects of the two treatments alone. Second, petioles were sensitive to exogenous GA3 only during the early stages of leaf development, whereas mature (but not senescent) leaves continued to respond to an extension of the photoperiod. Third, the cellular basis for growth induced by extending the photoperiod was different from that observed with GA3. It was concluded that light and gibberellins are both important in the overall regulation of petiole growth, but act through independent mechanisms.
THE INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF PITUITARY THYROTROPIC HORMONE

The intracellular localization of a bovine anterior pituitary preparation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was studied in guinea pigs and dogs. The preparation was administered intravascularly or applied directly to tissue sections. TSH was detected by an indirect technique utilizing bovine TSH antiserum and fluorescein-labeled anti-rabbit globulin; the presence of TSH in the tissue was indicated by fluorescence when the tissue was examined under the microscope with an ultraviolet light source. After either intravascular administration or direct application of the TSH preparation, striking fluorescence was found in the nuclei of the thyroid cells and to a lesser degree in the nuclei of retro-orbital fat tissue and kidney tubules in both species studied. A little fluorescence was also seen in spleen tissue. No fluorescence was noted in comparable tissues removed from control animals injected with bovine albumin or globulin or when the tissues were treated with the fluorescein-labeled globulin alone. Fluorescence was also noted in the nuclei of adrenal cells treated with unabsorbed antiserum, but this was greatly diminished when antiserum absorbed with crystalline ACTH was used. The positive reactions were all markedly decreased when the tissues were treated with antisera absorbed with the original TSH preparation. Fluorescence was noted in the cytoplasm of pituitary tissue from both treated and control animals, suggesting a cross-reaction between the bovine pituitary antisera and guinea pig or dog hypophysis. The indirect technique seems to be highly satisfactory for demonstration of the pitiutary hormone within the cell. In addition, the demonstration of immunologically active anterior pituitary TSH bound to cell nuclei offers a clue to the site of action of this hormone.
Pursuit of the ordinary: Short-term inpatient treatment

Short-term inpatient care creates tension between administrative mandates to reduce costs through shortened lengths of stay and staff members' committment to the philosophy, treatment strategies, and milieu organization associated with extended inpatient care. The attempt to practice as usual within the shortened stay, that is, to do long-term treatment quickly, is bound to fail. Effective short-term care is possible, but only when the culture and treatment approach of the unit are radically altered from those of the traditional model. Short-term inpatient treatment can be understood as the pursuit of ordinary behavior during the inpatient stay. This article offers a set of norms and expectations appropriate for this pursuit.
Stereoselective synthesis of a family of alternating polyols from six-carbon epoxyalkynol modules.

Our new synthetic strategy for assembling polyacetate structures features efficient cross-couplings of six-carbon modules derived from any stereoisomer of the epoxyalkynol derivative (1). Hydration of the internal alkyne in the coupled products and stereoselective reduction of the resulting ketone intermediate provides a general approach to a library of stereoisomeric 1, 3, 5, ... alternating polyols (2). The strategy is demonstrated in a stereoselective synthesis of the C11−C28 polyol substructure of the natural product RK-397.
The diabetes education study.

The Diabetes Education Study was a controlled trial of the effects of physician and patient education. This article describes an educational program for internal medicine residents and its effects on ambulatory diabetes management practices. Forty-five of 86 residents practicing in the general medicine clinic of a university-affiliated city/county hospital were assigned randomly to receive a multifaceted program intended to 1) provide specific care recommendations, 2) teach necessary skills, and 3) make the professional and institutional environment more supportive. During the subsequent 11 months, 323 diabetic patients were interviewed and their records audited for evidence of changes in care. Experimental residents utilized fasting blood glucose determinations more often than controls (i.e., during 40% of visits vs. 31%, p=0.004). Experimental residents also engaged more frequently in a variety of recommended dietary management recommendations. Isolated differences in monitoring/management of chronic complications also were found (e.g., lipid screening: 70% of experimental residents’ patients vs. 58%, p=0.016). Intensive, multifaceted programs of this nature are concluded to result in improvements in diabetes care, over and above that which is attainable through routine methods of clinical training for residents.
Minimizing schedule length subject to minimum flow time

The problem of scheduling n independent tasks on $m \geqq 1$ identical processors, with the objective of minimizing the schedule length under the constraint that it must have minimum flow time, is considered. For nonpreemptive scheduling, it is known that the problem is NP-hard. This paper shows that the problem is a lot easier for preemptive scheduling. Specifically, an $O(n\log n)$ time algorithm to find an optimal preemptive schedule is given. This algorithm generates schedules with at most $m - 1$ preemptions. It is also shown that an optimal nonpreemptive schedule can be almost twice as long as an optimal preemptive schedule. The results suggest that preemption is extremely beneficial in simultaneously minimizing the flow time and the schedule length.
Regional Sodium Citrate Anticoagulation in Patients with Active Bleeding Undergoing Hemodialysis

Sodium citrate was used as a regional anticoagulant in the dialysis system in four patients with acute renal failure and active bleeding of various sources during a total of 38 dialysis treatments. All four patients had exacerbation of existing hemorrhage with low-dose heparin dialysis. A special circuit was used through which sodium citrate was infused into the arterial sleeve of the dialysis blood line; dialysis was achieved against calcium-free bath and calcium was infused into the venous sleeve of the dialysis blood line. When data was compared to low-dose heparin dialysis, citrate anticoagulation is as effective, carries no risk of exacerbation of bleeding, and had negligible adverse effects.
Nucleoside and Oxypurine Homeostasis in Adult Rabbit Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma

In adult New Zealand white rabbits, the effects of food deprivation and of massive elevations of plasma uridine or thymidine concentrations on CSF and plasma nucleoside and oxypurine concentrations were studied. Nucleoside and oxypurine levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography using unequivocal methods of compound identification. After 48 and 96 h of food deprivation, the concentrations of uridine, cytidine, inosine, thymidine, deoxycytidine, deoxyuridine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid in CSF and plasma were not different than in controls, except at 96 h, when the plasma uridine concentration was 35% lower (p less than 0.05). After elevation of the plasma and CSF thymidine concentrations to approximately 200 and 100 microM, respectively, with intravenous thymidine for 5 h, there was a large increase in CSF and plasma thymidine to approximately 100 microM and a smaller increase in plasma and CSF deoxyuridine concentrations. After elevation of the plasma and CSF uridine concentrations to 0.6 and 0.2 mM, respectively, there was a large increase in CSF and plasma uracil and a smaller increase in plasma and CSF deoxyuridine concentrations. Elevated plasma concentration of thymidine and uridine significantly decreased the CSF to plasma ratios of deoxyuridine and thymidine; however, only elevated plasma uridine concentrations decreased the CSF to plasma ratio of uridine. These results document the powerful homeostatic mechanisms that regulate the concentrations of the principal nucleosides and oxypurine bases in CSF.
A hybrid shop-floor control system for food manufacturing

This paper describes research in the area of hybrid control using simulation including a suitable architecture and a test-bed developed for experimenting with hybrid manufacturing systems – that is, manufacturing systems containing both continuous and discrete processing activities. The paper builds on the RapidCIM control system developed at Penn State University and makes innovations in this work including, integrating continuous simulation and discrete event simulation into a message-based process control system. Simulation technology is extended to support real-time communication to access remote databases, and pass messages, which are used to control hardware equipment performing both continuous processes and discrete activities. This makes possible the development of a generic hybrid control capability. In RapidCIM, software is automatically generated to control and coordinate the physical system. This can substantially reduce the cost of developing and integrating such systems, and allows a detailed simulation to be used for both analysis as well as for control. An experimental research prototype of such a hybrid control system has been constructed for the Pennsylvania State University Creamery, in which unit processes and operational decisions are integrated.
Cylindrical object contact detection for use in discrete element method simulations, Part II—Experimental validation

This article is the second of two focusing on cylindrical object contact detection. The first part presents algorithms for determining if contact occurs between a cylindrical object and a plane, and between two cylindrical objects, in addition to expressions for contact overlap, contact normal vector, and contact location. This article presents the tests and results used to quantitatively validate the algorithms implemented in three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) simulations. In particular, four tests are performed. The first consists of a comparison against analytical expressions for post-collision translational and rotational velocities for a single cylinder impacting a flat wall. The second involves comparisons against experimental residence time measurements of a cylindrical particle moving within a baffled, rotating horizontal cylinder. The third test consists of comparisons against experimental bulk density measurements of cylindrical particles dropped into a cylindrical container. The last test compares experimental and computational values of the dynamic angle of repose in a rotating drum. In addition to true cylindrical objects, comparisons are also made in the first three tests against two cylindrical object approximations using glued spheres. The true cylinder model performs well in each of the tests while the glued sphere approximations perform poorly, especially when fewer spheres are used to represent the cylinder shape. These studies demonstrate that the cylinder contact algorithms presented in the first article perform correctly, and more accurately model real cylinder behavior than glued sphere approximations.
Where does Neisseria acquire foreign DNA from: an examination of the source of genomic and pathogenic islands and the evolution of the Neisseria genus.

Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) or genomic islands (GEIs) are considered to be the result of a recent horizontal transfer. Detecting PAIs/GEIs as well as their putative source can provide insight into the organism’s pathogenicity within its host. Previously we introduced a tool called S-plot which provides a visual representation of the variation in compositional properties across and between genomic sequences. Utilizing S-plot and new functionality developed here, we examined 18 publicly available Neisseria genomes, including strains of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species, in order to identify regions of unusual compositional properties (RUCPs) using both a sliding window as well as a gene-by-gene approach. Numerous GEIs and PAIs were identified including virulence genes previously found within the pathogenic Neisseria species. While some genes were conserved amongst all species, only pathogenic species, or an individual species, a number of genes were detected that are unique to an individual strain. While the majority of such genes have an origin unknown, a number of putative sources including pathogenic and capsule-containing bacteria were determined, indicative of gene exchange between Neisseria spp. and other bacteria within their microhabitat. Furthermore, we uncovered evidence that both N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae have separately acquired DNA from their human host. Data suggests that all three Neisseria species have received horizontally transferred elements post-speciation. Using this approach, we were able to not only find previously identified regions of virulence but also new regions which may be contributing to the virulence of the species. This comparative analysis provides a means for tracing the evolutionary history of the acquisition of foreign DNA within this genus. Looking specifically at the RUCPs present within the 18 genomes considered, a stronger similarity between N. meningitidis and N. lactamica is observed, suggesting that N. meningitidis arose before N. gonorrhoeae.
A new forecasting model for nonstationary environmental data

Abstract The object of the present study is to develop a new forecasting model for the atmospheric temperature of the continental United States. We shall analyze the pattern of the temperature time series, and illustrate the usefulness of the duplicated mean of the signal. Removing the duplicated mean time series from the original temperature recording series simplifies the forecasting process. The accuracy of this proposed methodology will be demonstrated in comparison with the classical multiplicative Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average, ARIMA, model that is often used.
From Mars To Man: Biomedical Research At The Jet Proulsion Laboratory

In the course of the unmanned exploration of the solar system, which the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has managed for NASA, major advances in computerized image processing, materials research, and miniature electronics design have been accomplished. This presentation shows some of the imaging results from space exploration missions, as well as biomedical research tasks based in these technologies. Among other topics, the use of polymeric microspheres in cancer therapy is discussed. Also included are ceramic applications to prosthesis development, laser applications in the treatment of coronary artery disease, multispectral imaging as used in the diagnosis of thermal burn injury, and some examples of telemetry systems as they can be involved in biological systems.
Power spectrum estimation with IDMR beamforming

In the adaptive beamforming problem it is usual that the covariance matrix is not know and an estimate from training samples is used. When the size of the training samples is limited the performance of the full rank Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) beamformer is deteriorated; and a low rank solution of the MVDR problem can yield a better performance. A new adaptive approach, Indirect Dominant Mode Rejection (IDMR), was introduced in previous work to solve the MVDR optimization problem. In the previous work the IDMR beamformer was used to extract the desired signal, while in this work we use the IDMR beamformer to estimate the power spectrum. We also introduce several modifications, which bring more robustness to the basic IDMR. These include root-music, forward/backward averaging of the sample covariance matrix and power window.
Subscale Flight Testing for Aircraft Loss of Control: Accomplishments and Future Directions

Subscale flight-testing provides a means to validate both dynamic models and mitigation technologies in the high-risk flight conditions associated with aircraft loss of control. The Airborne Subscale Transport Aircraft Research (AirSTAR) facility was designed to be a flexible and efficient research facility to address this type of flight-testing. Over the last several years (2009-2011) it has been used to perform 58 research flights with an unmanned, remotely-piloted, dynamically-scaled airplane. This paper will present an overview of the facility and its architecture and summarize the experimental data collected. All flights to date have been conducted within visual range of a safety observer. Current plans for the facility include expanding the test volume to altitudes and distances well beyond visual range. The architecture and instrumentation changes associated with this upgrade will also be presented.
Dynamical symmetry breaking and quantum nonintegrability.

In this Letter, we describe the connection between the classical concepts of nonintegrability and chaos and the quantum concept of dynamical symmetry breaking. The existence of unbroken dynamical symmetry implies integrability of the mean-field motion in a quantum phase space, defined as a symplectic coherent-state parametrization of the coset space of the overall dynamical group. Broken dynamical symmetry leads to nonintegrability, and thus chaotic solutions to Hamilton's equations in the quantum phase space. We illustrate the general ideas with results obtained for a model of two coupled spins
Volcanic rilles, streamlined islands, and the origin of outflow channels on Mars

[1] The widely accepted view that catastrophic flow of liquid water was the dominant process involved in formation of outflow channels on Mars has as part of its foundation the assumption that the flow of lava could not have formed Martian features such as streamlined islands and anastamosing channels. However, lunar and Venusian channels, believed to have formed through volcanic processes in the absence of water, are indeed associated with such features. Additionally, many lunar and Venusian rilles head at topographic depressions, a common characteristic of Martian outflow channels. Lunar rilles typically lack positive relief accumulations of volcanic deposits at their mouths, suggesting that contrary to previous assertions, absence of such accumulations at the mouths of Martian outflow channels is not incompatible with a common mode of formation. Consistent with an igneous origin for outflow channels and certain valley systems on Mars, volcanic processes can produce a wide range of landforms that are similar to those normally associated with the flow of water, including channel terraces and complex channel networks. The simplest interpretation of Martian channels that extend from volcanic source regions onto volcanic plains is as conduits formed by the flow of lava. Channel formation hypotheses requiring major changes in Martian atmospheric properties or repeated catastrophic flow of water from volcanic features appear needlessly exotic alongside the igneous hypothesis for channel formation. In light of these points, future investigations of Martian outflow channels should more actively consider volcanic processes as candidate mechanisms for channel formation.
Upper critical field of unconventional superconductors.

Limiting ourselves to the weak-coupling model and neglecting the Pauli paramagnetism and the spin-orbit coupling, we determine the upper critical field of the axial (${\mathit{E}}_{1\mathit{u}}$) and the hybrid (${\mathit{E}}_{1\mathit{g}}$) state numerically. When the external field H is parallel to the symmetric axis (the c axis), the solution proposed by Luk'yanchuk and Mineev is analyzed. When H is perpendicular to the c axis, we find the exact solution for the axial state, while we construct approximate solutions for the hybrid state.
Adaphostin cytoxicity in glioblastoma cells is ROS-dependent and is accompanied by upregulation of heme oxygenase-1.

To delineate a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction in adaphostin-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Three glioblastoma cell lines with different sensitivities to adaphostin were characterized for sensitivity to an oxidant, tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The degree and duration of the ROS levels was assessed in the three cell lines after adaphostin exposure. Antioxidant protein levels were evaluated by Western blotting. Of the three glioblastoma cell lines, the U87 cells were least sensitive to adaphostin. These cells were also least sensitive to tert-butyl hydroperoxide, indicating that sensitivity to a direct oxidant stress mirrors the cells’ adaphostin sensitivities. In addition, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, (NAC) was protective against adaphostin-induced apoptosis. Direct measurement of intracellular peroxides showed a transient increase in the two less sensitive cell lines (U87 and LN18) which diminishes by 24 h. In contrast, U251 cells, which are most sensitive to adaphostin, display a sustained increase in the ROS levels. After the initial increase in intracellular peroxides, the heat shock protein and antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was upregulated. Levels of other antioxidant proteins, such as catalase and thioredoxin, however, were not altered by adaphostin in glioblastoma cell lines. NAC attenuated HO-1 upregulation, confirming the time course analysis. These results suggest a primary role for ROS in adaphostin-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma. Our data indicate that the duration of intracellular ROS levels is a key factor in mediating sensitivity to adaphostin. Furthermore, upregulation of HO-1 is a novel molecular marker of adaphostin’s action. The kinetics with which adaphostin upregulates HO-1 correlates with sensitivity to the drug. Taken together, our data indicate that a cell’s ability to cope with ROS dictates sensitivity to adaphostin and conceivably other chemotherapies that cause redox perturbations.
Effects of antecedent hydrologic conditions, time dependence, and climate cycles on the suspended sediment load of the Salinas River, California

summary Previous estimations of sediment flux for the Salinas River of central California were based on data collected in the 1970s and assumptions of time invariant suspended sediment–discharge behavior. The goals of this study were to estimate sediment flux from the Salinas River using data from 1967–2011 by incorporating time dependent behavior and reassess the role of El Nino Southern Oscillation patterns in inter-decadal sediment load. This study builds on previous findings that time-dependent suspended sediment behavior in this system is controlled in part by antecedent hydrologic conditions. The condition of temporal dependence was further tested herein through comparison of flux estimates obtained using time-dependent formulations and a multivariate approach incorporating hydrologic factors. Longer sampling records and incorporation of decadal scale behavior or antecedent hydrologic conditions resulted in average annual load estimates of 2.0–2.9 Mt/yr with 95% confidence intervals of ±25 to 202%, in comparison to earlier estimates of � 3.3 Mt/yr. Previous overestimation of sediment load is due largely to the extrapolation of suspended sediment behavior from a decade of high sediment concentrations to the entire record, and the use of log-linear regression techniques on a non-linear system. The use of LOESS methods lowered QSS estimates and decreased confidence interval size. The inclusion of time-stratified and antecedent flow indices further decreased QSS estimates, but increased confidence interval size. However, temporal dependence of the CSS–Q relationship violates the assumptions of single base period regression, which suggests that time-stratified rating curves provide more realistic estimates of sediment flux means and uncertainty. The majority of suspended sediment was transported by flows of � 25–90 times mean discharge depending on transport constituent (fines or sand) and estimation method. Periods of differential suspended sediment behavior changed the relative importance of rare floods due to changes in the relationship of suspended sediment concentration vs. discharge. El Nino years dominated the sediment budget by producing on average ten times more sediment than non-El Nino years. Sediment load estimates provided further evidence that antecedent hydrologic conditions appear to have caused much of the temporal dependence of suspended sediment behavior.
Early Jewish-Christian Writing

A N examination of the Jewish Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Pirke Aboth reveals features which apparently were prevalent in Judaism contemporary with early Christianity. When this is followed by an examination of early Christian literature, one finds that these Jewish features occur much more frequently in some works than in others. The inference is that documents and pericopes containing many Jewish features were probably Jewish-Christian in origin, i.e., written by Jewish-Christian authors. Careful reading of documents from the pens of gentile Christians, such as the Epistle of Barnabas and Justin's First Apology and Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, reveals that their authors accepted some Jewish ideas, but nevertheless avoided other Jewish ideas and attitudes. At times gentile Christians interpreted the Jewish Scriptures or applied Jewish ideas in ways which are not found in either the Jewish or the Jewish-Christian writings of that period. Thus the writings of the Jewish Christians of the first and second centuries possess certain characteristics which are relatively rare in the literature of the gentile Christians of the same period. After the middle of the second century the line of distinction becomes much less definite. After that date gentile Christians accepted more Jewish ideas, largely as the result of (1) the gradual acceptance of the authority of New Testament books and (2) the dwindling of the friction between Judaism and Christianity. Some scholars believe that certain early Christian books, both within and without the New Testament, were written by Jewish Christians. Other scholars believe that the
Global optimization of mathematical programs with complementarity constraints and application to clean energy deployment

We study the problem of clean energy introduction under emission regulations using the generation expansion models developed by He et al. (Comput Ind Eng 63:708–716, 2012). A game theoretic approach was used to model capacity investments and new technology introduction in response to carbon emission regulations. We report algorithmic advancements that were made to enhance the performance of BARON (Tawarmalani and Sahinidis, Math Progr 103:225–249, 2005) on this and other mathematical programs with complementarity constraints.
A General Thermodynamic and Stoichiometric Theory of Stability of Chemical Species

A new approach to the evaluation of stability of chemical species is proposed. The main idea is to allow the species to conceptually interact via a special type of chemical reaction so that an equilibrium state is achieved. Additionally, the energies of the species are allowed to vary from their initial (standard) to their equilibrium values so that the energy change of any conceivable reaction at equilibrium is equal to zero. The equilibrium energies of the species are further evaluated using an optimization procedure similar to that of the least-squares method. A species is considered unstable if the difference between its initial and equilibrium energy is positive (the species releases energy). On the contrary, if the difference between the initial and the equilibrium energy of a species is negative, the species is stable (the species absorbs energy). This type of stability of species is referred to as the overall stability. Employing the response reactions (RERs) formalism, one shows further that the ...
Heidegger, Truth, and Logic

Martin Heidegger: Logic: The Question of Truth. Translated by Thomas Sheehan. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2010, pp. 356. $44.95 (hb.). ISBN 9780253354662. Martin Heidegger: Bein...
Determination of boron and nitrogen in boron nitride

Improved techniques are described for the determination of boron and nitrogen in pure boron nitride. Controlled fusion of boron nitride with sodium carbonate in a muffle furnace is followed by a potentiometric titration of the boric acid. A special quartz vessel is described for the determination of nitrogen. The boron nitride is fused with sodium hydroxide and the resulting ammonia is swept into a receiver and titrated with standard hydrochloric acid. Boron and nitrogen values with their standard deviation are given for a typical pure boron nitride.
Complex systems architecting using design primitives, comparative analysis and fuzzy analytical feedback

Modern systems are increasing in complexity. It is advantageous to understand and control this complexity as early in the design lifecycle as possible. The system architecting community must reconcile the inherent ambiguity in a system description with the need for analytical assessments of system attributes so as to increase the likelihood of developmental success. Presently, it is commonplace to decompose systems and subsystems using assumptions of idealized severability and reliance on superposition to estimate composite performance. It is suggested that these assumptions can result in errant oversimplification and represent an opportunity for new systems engineering research. This paper introduces a new methodology for assessing system architectures - one that leverages tools and expertise commonly found in the specialty domains of detailed engineering disciplines. The foundational elements and concepts behind the Canonical Decomposition Fuzzy Comparative assessment method are presented herein. The intent of this research is to better illuminate the characteristics of inter- and intra-system dynamics for programs that warrant the increased rigor of this method.
Open repair technologies for MCM-D

IBM has developed various technologies for repairing defects in thin film circuitry, primarily for Multichip Module (MCM) applications. This paper discusses five technologies: laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD), wire bond, laser-sonic bonding, solder repair, and self-induced repair, with focus on the process parameters and tooling aspects of the three established in IBM's production environment. >
Trauma in pregnancy.

Of all cases that come to hospital emergency rooms, the traumatized pregnant patient presents one of the most complicated dilemmas because nurses and doctors who commonly treat trauma victims rarely have comparable expertise in the management of pregnancy. Treatment and care of the traumatized pregnant patient are challenging because advanced pregnancy influences the pattern of trauma, alters laboratory values and clinical assessments, and changes hemodynamic parameters. Pregnancy may alter the usual trauma routines, and trauma may affect the outcome of the pregnancy. It is imperative that both the trauma team and perinatal team work collaboratively toward a common goal of resuscitating and stabilizing the pregnant woman without jeopardizing the fetus whenever possible. This article reviews alterations in anatomy and physiology that occur during pregnancy and discusses the impact of decision making by health care practitioners faced with the dilemma of managing trauma during pregnancy. Language: en
Adiposity and Reporting of Vasomotor Symptoms among Midlife Women The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

It has long been hypothesized that increased adiposity would be associated with decreased vasomotor symptoms during menopause because of conversion of androgens to estrogens in body fat. However, recent thermoregulatory models have postulated that increased adipose tissue would be associated with a greater likelihood of vasomotor symptoms. The authors evaluated these hypotheses in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, a multiethnic, community-based observational study of US women transitioning through menopause. The sample included 1,776 women aged 47-59 years with an intact uterus and at least one ovary who completed bioelectrical impedance analysis for assessment of body composition at the sixth annual study visit (2002-2004). Assessments also included reported vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes, night sweats) and serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin-adjusted estradiol (free estradiol index). Results indicated that a higher percentage of body fat was associated with increased odds of reporting vasomotor symptoms (per standard deviation increase in percent body fat, odds ratio = 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.14, 1.42) in age- and site-adjusted models. Associations persisted in fully adjusted models and were not reduced when models included reproductive hormones. These findings support a thermoregulatory model of vasomotor symptoms.
Chemical and structural defenses of Caribbean gorgonians (Pseudopterogorgia spp.): Intercolony localization of defense

We have adopted an integrated approach to assessing the function of gorgonian defenses by analyzing within-colony patterns in the distribution of both structural elements and chemical compounds in two morphologically similar species of Rseudopterogorgia. In both species, crude extract concentrations are higher in polyp-bearing regions of colonies than in more proximal, nonpolyp-beari ng regions of colonies. The concentration of the ichthyodeterrent terpene from Pseudopterogorgia acerosa (pseudopterolide) is also higher in polyps than in axial tissue. In Pseudupterogorgia rigida, an ichthyodeterrent terpene (curcuhydroquinone) occurs almost exclusively in the polyps and is undetectable in most samples from the axial coenenchyme. The distribution of the calcium carbonate structural elements (sclerites) within colonies is negatively correlated with the concentration of extract. Sclerites comprise the largest percent composition in the axial tissue and a very small proportion of branch tissue. Geographic variation in the negative within-colony correlation between chemical and structural components indicates the range of variation possible in these defensive traits.
Leukocyte-Associated Ig-like Receptor-1–Deficient Mice Have an Altered Immune Cell Phenotype

Cross-linking of the collagen binding receptor leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) in vitro delivers an inhibitory signal that is able to downregulate activation-mediated signals. To study the in vivo function of LAIR-1, we generated LAIR-1(-/-) mice. They are healthy and fertile and have normal longevity; however, they show certain phenotypic characteristics distinct from wild-type mice, including increased numbers of splenic B, regulatory T, and dendritic cells. As LAIR-1(-/-) mice age, the splenic T cell population shows a higher frequency of activated and memory T cells. Because LAIR-1(+/+) and LAIR-1(-/-) T cells traffic with equal proficiency to peripheral lymphoid organs, this is not likely due to abnormal T lymphocyte trafficking. LAIR-1(-/-) mice have lower serum levels of IgG1 and, in response to T-dependent immunization with trinitrophenyl-OVA, switch less efficiently to Ag specific IgG2a and IgG2b, whereas switching to IgG1 is not affected. Several mouse disease models, including experimental autoimmune encephalitis and colitis, were used to examine the effect of LAIR-1 deficiency, and no differences in the responses of LAIR-1(-/-) and LAIR-1(+/+) mice were observed. Taken together, these observations indicate that LAIR-1 plays a role in regulating immune cells and suggest that any adverse effects of its absence may be balanced in vivo by other inhibitory receptors.
Genome-wide linkage analysis replicates susceptibility locus for fasting plasma triglycerides: NHLBI Family Heart Study

Recent reports implicate chromosomal regions linked to inter-individual variation in plasma triglycerides. We conducted genome-wide scans to replicate these linkages and/or identify other loci influencing plasma triglycerides in the NHLBI Family Heart Study (FHS). Data were obtained for 501 three-generational families. Genotyping was done by the Utah Molecular Genetics Laboratory and NHLBI Mammalian Genotyping Service; markers from both were placed on one genetic map. Analysis was done using multipoint variance components linkage. Fasting plasma triglycerides were log-transformed and age-, sex-, and field center-adjusted; suggestive linkage evidence was found on chromosome 8 (LOD=2.80 at 89 cM, marker D8S1141). Further adjustment for waist girth, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and lipid-lowering drugs suggested linkage regions on chromosomes 6 (LOD=2.29 at 79 cM, marker D6S295) and 15 (LOD=1.85 at 43 cM, marker D15S659). Since HDL is correlated with triglycerides and because it was linked to this region on chromosome 15 in FHS, we created a composite triglyceride-HDL phenotype. The combined phenotype LOD score was 3.0 at the same marker on chromosome 15. Chromosome 15 likely harbors a susceptibility locus with an influence on triglycerides and HDL. Regions on chromosomes 6 and 8 may also contain loci contributing to inter-individual variation in plasma triglycerides.
Who Fears the HPV Vaccine, Who Doesn't, and Why? An Experimental Study of the Mechanisms of Cultural Cognition

The cultural cognition hypothesis holds that individuals are disposed to form risk perceptions that reflect and reinforce their commitments to contested views of the good society. This paper reports the results of a study that used the controversy over mandatory HPV vaccination to test the cultural cognition hypothesis. Although public health officials have recommended that all girls aged 11 or 12 be vaccinated for HPV - a virus that causes cervical cancer and that is transmitted by sexual contact - political controversy has blocked adoption of mandatory school-enrollment vaccination programs in all but one state. A multi-stage experimental study of a large and diverse sample of American adults (N = 1,500) found evidence that cultural cognition generates disagreement about the risks and benefits of the HPV vaccine. It does so, the experiment determined, through two mechanisms: biased assimilation, and the credibility heuristic. In addition to describing the study, the paper discusses the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
Extreme physical information and the nonlinear wave equation

The nonlinear wave equation an be derived from a principle of extreme physical information (EPI) K. This is for a scenario where a probe electron moves through a medium in a weak magnetic field. The field is caused by a probabilistic line current source. Assume that the probability current density S of the electron is approximately constant, and directed parallel to the current source. Both the source probability amplitudes (rho) and the electron probability amplitudes (phi) are unknowns (called 'modes') of the problem. The net physical information K here consists of two components: functional K1[(phi) ] due to modes (phi) and K2[(rho) ] due to modes (rho) , respectively. To form K1[(phi) ], the Fisher information functional I1[(phi) ] for the electron modes is first constructed. This is of a fixed mathematical form. Then, a unitary transformation on (phi) to a physical space is sought that leaves I1 invariant, as form J1. This is, of course, the Fourier transformation, where the transform coordinates are momenta and I1 is essentially the mean-square electron momentum. Information K1[(phi) ] is then defined as (I1 - J1). Information K2 is formed similarly. The total information K is formed as the sum of the two components K1[(phi) ] and K2[(rho) ], by the additivity of Fisher information, and is then extremized in both (phi) and (rho) . Extremizing first in (rho) gives a Taylor series in powers of (phi) n*(phi) n, which is cut off at the quadratic term. Back-substituting this into the total Lagrangian gives one that is quadratic in (phi) n*(phi) n. Now varying (phi) * gives the required cubic wave equation in (phi) .© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Prioritizing data in emergency response based on context, message content and role

A vast majority of emergency response scenarios have two distinguishing characteristics: an overflow of data and a lack of resources to handle this increase in data. This surge of data within a resource and bandwidth constrained network may cause congestion collapse, and prevent critical data from reaching decision makers in time. Thus it is crucial to have in place a system that allows for high priority data to reach emergency responders and key personnel with minimal delay, allowing them to effectively respond to critical issues as soon as they occur. In this paper, we present TRIAGE, a framework that prioritizes data based on user context, message content and role.