cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alternative Splice Variant Sheds Light on Temperature Acclimation in Algae.

Climate change is a potent environmental force that all living organisms must contend with. This is especially true for photosynthetic microalgae that are forced to acclimate to ever changing water temperatures and coordinate changes in their physiology and growth rates ([Singh and Singh, 2015][1
Spectrum of diagnostic errors in cervical spine trauma imaging and their clinical significance

To describe and categorize diagnostic errors in cervical spine CT (CsCT) interpretation performed for trauma and to assess their clinical significance. All CsCTs performed for trauma with diagnostic errors that came to our attention based on clinical or imaging follow-up or quality assurance peer review from 2004 to 2017 were included. The number of CsCTs performed at our institution during the same time interval was calculated. Errors were categorized as spinal/extraspinal, involving osseous/soft tissue structures, by anatomical site and level. Images were reviewed by a radiologist and two spine surgeons. For each error, the need for surgery, immobilization, CT angiogram of the neck, and MRI was assessed; if any of these were needed, the error was considered clinically significant. Of an approximate total 59,000 CsCTs, 56 reports containing diagnostic errors were included. Twelve were extraspinal, and 44 were spinal (26 fractures, 15 intervertebral disc protrusions, two subluxations, one lytic bone lesion). The most common sites of spinal fractures were vertebral body (n = 10) and transverse process (n = 8); the most common levels were C5 (n = 8) and C7 (n = 6). All (n = 26) fractures and two atlantooccipital subluxations were considered clinically significant, including three patients who would have required urgent surgical stabilization (two subluxations and one facet fracture). Two transverse processes fractures did not alter the need for surgical intervention/surgical approach, immobilization, or MRI. In our study, 66% of spinal diagnostic errors on CsCT were considered clinically significant, potentially altering clinical management. Transverse process and vertebral body fractures were commonly missed.
Silicon–germanium avalanche photodiodes with direct control of electric field in charge multiplication region

A CMOS-compatible avalanche photodiode (APD) with high speed and high sensitivity is a critical component of a low-cost, high-data-rate, and energy-efficient optical communication link. A novel waveguide-coupled silicon–germanium APD detector with three electric terminals was demonstrated with breakdown voltage of −6 V, bandwidth of 18.9 GHz, DC photocurrent gain of 15, open-eye diagram at a data rate of 35 Gb/s, and sensitivity of −11.4 dBm at a data rate of 25 Gb/s. This three-terminal APD allows high-yield fabrication in the standard CMOS process and provides robust high-sensitivity operation under small voltage supply.
Considerations for Commercial Building Participation in a Transactive Energy System

With transactive energy (TE), commercial customers have the potential to provide flexibility to the electricity grid by shifting electricity demand to avoid high-priced periods. The characteristics of commercial buildings and end uses are explored to determine factors supporting the feasibility of participation in a TE system. The key factors of commercial buildings that affect the potential benefits of participating in a TE system are the ownership and lease arrangement, the perceived impact of occupant comfort on worker productivity and customer sales, the state of buildings and equipment or the readiness of the buildings, and in some cases the additional standards in place that are unique to commercial settings. These characteristics will affect the commercial customer's ability to adjust the timing of electricity consumption and benefit from a TE system.
Robotic Control of Heavy Bleeding in Para-Aortic Lymph Node Dissection Without Conversion to Laparotomy - A Video Report

Video Objective Minimal invasive approach for endometrial cancer has gained popularity. However, when facing vessel injury, the control of bleeding is still a challenge without conversion to laparotomy. Robotic 3D vision and endo-wrist function do good for pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection. When facing vessel injuries with active bleeding, the robotic arm could also control the bleeder trustworthy and a logic plan to stop bleeding could take action. Setting Here we present a 37-year-old obese lady with endometrial cancer, cT1b. Robotic staging was arranged for the patient. During operation, hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection went smoothly. When we started to approach the para-aortic lymph node, a spurting bleeder from IMA was noted. Due to deteriorated vision drowning by the heavy bleeding and collapsing abdominal wall, we grasped and compressed the bleeder immediately by the robotic arm. The fixed and stable robotic arm could buy more time for a hemostatic plan. Interventions After several initial tries failed, a cardiac vascular surgeon was consulted for help. Dual pneumoperitoneum system was set and one more 10 mm accessory trocar was inserted for the assistant. A 3.0 prolene was used for suturing the peri-bleeder area which could help to elevate the injury site and make the bleeder more clearly. Then a hemoclip was used for clamping the bleeder. Conclusion The blood loss was about 2500 c.c. The patient was sent to intensive care unit after operation and transferred to ordinary ward two days later. She recovered well without sequela. It's important for robotic surgeons to know how to control heavy bleeding with fixed arm and suture without panic before convert to laparotomy.
Non-Linear Displacement Mechanisms of Thermally Actuated MEMS Chevron

Non-linearity in actuation of MEMS devices are essential in many applications. Previously, we presented the design and modeling of a NanoThermoMechanical AND logic gate, which is one of the building blocks of thermal computing (i.e., data processing based on heat instead of electricity). The gate is achieved through the coupling between near-field thermal radiation and MEMS thermal actuation. In the process, we developed two novel non-linear displacement mechanism of thermally actuated microstructure silicon V-shaped chevron beams which were required to achieve the desired thermal AND gate operation. In this work, we introduce the design, fabrication, and characterization of the two non-linear mechanisms using novel and ingenious chevron mechanisms consisting of spring-assisted reduction and cascading chevrons amplification for the reducing and the amplification mechanisms, respectively. The results show non-linearity can be achieved successfully through demonstrated and easy-to-manufacture chevron mechanisms. [2019-0233]
Multiple markers contribute to risk of progression from normal to mild cognitive impairment.

Objective: To identify a parsimonious set of markers that optimally predicts subsequent clinical progression from normal to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: 250 clinically normal adults (mean age = 73.6 years, SD = 6.0) from the Harvard Aging Brain Study were assessed at baseline on a wide set of markers, including magnetic resonance imaging markers of gray matter thickness and volume, white matter lesions, fractional anisotropy, resting state functional connectivity, positron emission tomography markers of glucose metabolism and β-amyloid (Aβ) burden, and a measure of vascular risk. Participants were also tested annually on a battery of clinical and cognitive tests (median follow-up = 5.0 years, SD = 1.66). We applied least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox models to determine the minimum set of non-redundant markers that predicts subsequent clinical progression from normal to MCI, adjusting for age, sex, and education. Results: 23 participants (9.2%) progressed to MCI over the study period (mean years of follow-up to diagnosis = 3.96, SD = 1.89). Progression was predicted by several brain markers, including reduced entorhinal thickness (hazard ratio, HR = 1.73), greater Aβ burden (HR = 1.58), lower default network connectivity (HR = 1.42), and smaller hippocampal volume (HR = 1.30). When cognitive test scores were added to the model, the aforementioned neuroimaging markers remained significant and lower striatum volume as well as lower scores on baseline memory and processing speed tests additionally contributed to progression. Conclusion: Among a large set of brain, vascular and cognitive markers, a subset of markers independently predicted progression from normal to MCI. These markers may enhance risk stratification by identifying clinically normal individuals who are most likely to develop clinical symptoms and would likely benefit most from therapeutic intervention.
Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Constraint-Based Simulation Framework for Building Construction Project Planning and Control

AbstractIn the construction sector, the absence of a framework to incorporate and synchronize the resources required for activities means that projects risk incurring cost and time overruns. In thi...
Psychologist homicide victims: The National Violent Death Reporting System and other sources.

OBJECTIVE Homicide of healthcare workers has been reported but little is known about psychologists as victims of homicide. This study aimed to investigate what is known about homicide of psychologists. METHODS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) provides insights into violent deaths, including homicide. This study interrogated the NVDRS and conducted Internet searches about psychologist decedents of homicide. RESULTS Between 2003 and 2018 the NVDRS identified 12 psychologist homicides. Internet searches revealed 15 psychologist homicides. Only three (11.1%) were known to have been killed by current or former patients. Another was by a colleague's patient. Another assailant was suspected to be a patient. We summarize patterns and circumstances of deaths, address issues related to violence in healthcare, and review selected resources addressing violence prevention. CONCLUSION Psychologists, like other health professionals, may be victims of homicide. Such deaths have diverse contributing factors and are rarely perpetrated by patients. As concern about health professional safety mounts and the NVDRS becomes better established, it will hopefully become a more sensitive, precise, comprehensive and useful mechanism for tracking trends in violent deaths of psychologists and other health professionals and ultimately inform preventative strategies.
Fuel Economy and Drivability Trade-Off for Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle Architectures

Modular hybridization of conventional powertrains, i.e., adding electric machines and batteries to an existing conventional powertrain, has been proposed as a cost-effective method of fuel economy improvement, when compared to designing a dedicated hybrid powertrain from the ground up. “Mild” hybridization, where the electric machine/battery power is a small fraction of the engine power, is especially appealing due to its ease of packaging, and higher ratio of fuel economy benefits to cost. Based on the location of the motor on the driveline, relative to the engine and transmission, certain mild hybrid architectures are commonly seen in the market today. These include the P0, P1, and P2 architectures. The choice of each of these architectures is a trade-off between cost, ease of packaging, drivability, and fuel economy gains. This paper discusses the fuel economy and drivability trade-off for each of the above architectures. Typical power limits for the motor and the battery, based on the architecture, are stated. Based on the power limits, the associated possible fuel economy gains with each architecture are reviewed. Using simulation data, it is shown that the P2 architecture offers the potential for the largest fuel economy gains, among the three. Results from the study of the trade-off between fuel economy and drive quality for this architecture are also presented.
Trace Element Absorption in Infants as a Foundation to Setting Upper Limits for Trace Elements in Infant Formulas

On donne, dans cet article de congres, des limites superieures des teneurs en elements traces; fer, cuivre, zinc, manganese, des laits en boite destines a l'alimentation des nourrissons, apres avoir pris en consideration la biodisponibilite de ces elements mineraux dans le lait maternel, le lait de vache et les laits en poudre. Role de la lactoferrine, de l'ascorbate, du citrate, de la caseine, du phytate. Interactions entre les elements mineraux
Robot-assisted radical cystectomy: intermediate survival results at a mean follow-up of 25 months.

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 OBJECTIVE To assess the overall and disease-specific survival rates of patients undergoing robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) compared with historical open cystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Survival, pathological and demographic data were collected on all patients undergoing RARC for bladder cancer from both Tulane University Medical Center and Mayo Clinic Arizona. Of a total of 80 RARCs we only included those with a follow-up of ≥6 months from surgery. Survival curves were compared with those from historical series of open cystectomy. RESULTS Of the 80 patients 59 were identified as having a follow-up of ≥6 months from the date of surgery. The mean (range) follow-up was 25 (6–49) months. Overall survival rates at 12 and 36 months were 82% and 69%, respectively, and disease-specific survival rates were 82% and 72% at 12 and 36 months, respectively. These results are comparable to survival rates from open cystectomy. As expected, patients with lymph node-positive disease fared worse than those with lymph node-negative disease. Patients with extravesical lymph node-negative disease (pT3, pT4) fared worse than patients with organ-confined lymph node-negative disease. Also, patients with lymph node-positive disease fared worse than those with extravesical lymph node-negative disease, which is consistent with historical results of open cystectomy. CONCLUSIONS RARC has a comparable survival rate to open cystectomy in the intermediate follow-up. Further study with a longer follow-up and more patients is necessary to determine any long-term survival benefits.
Abstract MP03: Associations Of 24-hour Blood Pressure Patterns With Cognitive Function In Healthy Older Adults

Background: Abnormal 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) patterns have been associated with diminished cognitive function in hypertensive and very elderly populations. The relationship between ABPM patterns in community-living older adults is unknown. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in which ABPM, in-clinic blood pressure, and cognitive function measures were obtained in 354 community living older adults. We used multiple linear regression to examine the associations of in-clinic and ABPM with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA [range 0-30 with lower levels indicating worse cognition]), adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and comorbid medical conditions. Results: The mean age was 72 years, 68% were female, and 13% were African American; 45% had a diagnosis of hypertension. In-clinic blood pressure measurements were not significantly associated with cognitive function after adjustment. In contrast, less nighttime systolic dipping percentage (Figure) and lower 24-hour average diastolic blood pressure obtained from the ABPM were both significantly associated with worse cognitive function. In the final model, each 1% less night-time dipping was associated with 0.25 points (0.1-0.9) lower MoCA score, whereas each 10 mmHg lower diastolic blood pressure was associated with 0.59 (0.14-1.05) points lower MoCA score. Conclusions: In community-living older persons, less nighttime systolic dipping and lower 24-hour diastolic blood pressure obtained by ABPM were associated with worse cognitive function whereas clinic based blood pressure measurements were not. Future studies should examine whether 24-hour diastolic blood pressure and nighttime systolic dipping may predict future risk for cognitive impairment. (Legend: Dipping quartiles: Q1 -17.8% to 6.0%; Q2 6.1% to 11.0%; Q3 11.1% to 16.3%; Q4 16.4% to 34.2%)
Growth and Methanogenesis by Methanosarcina Strain 227 on Acetate and Methanol

Methanosarcina strain 227 exhibited exponential growth on sodium acetate in the absence of added H2. Under these conditions, rates of methanogenesis were limited by concentrations of acetate below 0.05 M. One mole of methane was formed per mole of acetate consumed. Additional evidence from radioactive labeling studies indicated that sufficient energy for growth was obtained by the decarboxylation of acetate. Diauxic growth and sequential methanogenesis from methanol followed by acetate occurred in the presence of mixtures of methanol and acetate. Detailed studies showed that methanol-grown cells did not metabolize acetate in the presence of methanol, although acetate-grown cells did metabolize methanol and acetate simultaneously before shifting to methanol. Acetate catabolism appeared to be regulated in response to the presence of better metabolizable substrates such as methanol or H2-CO2 by a mechanism resembling catabolite repression. Inhibition of methanogenesis from acetate by 2-bromoethanesulfonate, an analog of coenzyme M, was reversed by addition of coenzyme M. Labeling studies also showed that methanol may lie on the acetate pathway. These results suggested that methanogenesis from acetate, methanol, and H2-CO2 may have some steps in common, as originally proposed by Barker. Studies with various inhibitors, together with molar growth yield data, suggest a role for electron transport mechanisms in energy metabolism during methanogenesis from methanol, acetate, and H2-CO2.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LASER RADIATION.

Abstract : A summary of studies carried on during the year on (1) Anterior chamber measurements on CO2 corneal irradiation; (2) corneal calcification on CO2 laser irradiation; (3) ocular injury from CO2 laser irradiation; (4) application of thermal models to retinal threshold injury; (5) toxic and explosive hazards associated with lasers; (6) pathology of internal viscera following laser irradiation; (7) a method for detecting and measuring frequency of surface vibrations using a helium neon laser; (8) exploration of potential carcinogenic effects of pulsed laser irradiation; (9) lasers in biology and medicine; and (10) rupture and tensile strength measurements of fresh and treated canine aortic tissue. (Author)
Seven Minutes: The Life and Death of the American Animated Cartoon

This is a social history and aesthetics of the "controlled anarchy" of the cartoon, from the first talking Mickeys to the demise of Warners and MGM theatrical productions in 1960. Norman M. Klein follows the scrambling graphics and upside-down ballet of Fleischer's Betty Boop, Popeye, Superman of the Wolfie cartoons by Tex Avery, of the Bugs and Daffy, Tweetie and Roadrunner cartoons from Warners, of full animation at Disney, of the "whiteness of Snow White", and of how Mickey Mouse became a logo. Reviewing the graphics, scripts and marketing of each era, he discovers the links between cartoons and live action movies, newspapers, popular illustration, and the entertainment architecture coming out of Disneyland. Klein shows that the cartoon was a perverse juggling act, invaded constantly by economic and political pressures, by marketing for sound, by licensing characters to stave off bankruptcies, by Prohibition, the Great Depression, the World War II and the first wave of television. Norman Klein is the editor of "Lost Boundaries: A History of Media-Induced Experience", and authors of "Stories in an English I Don't Speak: The History of Forgetting in Los Angeles".
An electronic electrometer as a versatile corona detector

A new technique is described for the detection and estimation of magnitudes of corona discharges in electric devices during high-voltage testing. This technique employs the electronic electrometer as all instrument to measure the residual charge left in high-voltage structures by both impulse and low-frequency corona or breakdown discharges. For impulse testing, the method can be used with any shape or duration of voltage wave, and for coil sticks it has permitted the prediction of permanent damage and breakdown in many cases. The method is applicable in the testing of high-voltage structures involving at least some solid insulation.
Observer detection performance loss : target size uncertainty

Philip F. Judy, Marie Foley Kijewski, Richard G. SwenssonBrigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Radiology, Boston, MA 02115ABSTRACTThe effect of target size and target-size uncertainty on human observers'ability to detect Gaussian and disk targets in spatially uncorrelated and correlatednoise was measured.Disk and Gaussian targets were centered in circular areas (diameter, 128pixels) of uncorrelated noise and uncorrelated noise filtered to resemble CT noise.Size uncertainty was introduced in the target stimuli by presenting targets witheffective areas that ranging from 15 to 10,000 pixels. A constant non-prewhitening, matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio (NPW-SNR) was maintained forall target sizes within each trial by adjusting target contrast. Stimulus sets wererendered on the gray-scale monitor of the computer workstation used to collectobserver responses. Observers rated for each stimulus the likelihood that a targetwas present. The observer ratings were analyzed using a multiple-distributionextension of the binormal ROC curve fitting procedure. A control experimentevaluated the influence of the circular noise area on performance with size-specified targets.Observer detection performance loss, the ratio of d' to NPW-SNR,decreased for small and large targets. Variations of target shape and noisecorrelation had no significant effect on performance loss. Observer performancewhen target was uncertain was the same as observer performance when the targetsize was specifiedIn the control trials the investigator specifies the target size to the observer,yet the observer can not exploit that information. The observer apparently usessame perceptual resources in both the experimental and control trials to render arating and consequently performs similarly in size-uncertain and size-specifiedtrials. These results suggest a substantial role of higher order mechanisms in thedetection of compact targets in noisy backgrounds.Keywords: ROC, target size, image perception
Long-term effects of splenectomy on immunocompetent cells of adult mice.

Abstract The long-term effects of adult splenectomy on immunocompetent cells was studied in BALB/c mice during an observation period of 600 days following splenectomy in comparison to age-matched controls. The percentage and absolute number of circulating Thy 1.2-positive (T) cells diminished gradually, reaching about 50% of the level of T cells in age-matched controls, with a concomittant increase in the proportion of Ig-positive (B) cells. The in vitro response of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to T-cell mitogens showed a 60% decrease of [3H]TdR uptake following phytohemagglutinin stimulation without a significant impairment of the responsiveness to concanavalin A. Alloreactivity of PBL was unaltered by splenectomy since both the in vitro reactivity of PBL to allogeneic cells using mixed leukocyte reaction, and the in vivo assay, measuring a first set skin allograft survival, were similar to those observed in age-matched controls. Studies on the humoral antibody responsiveness to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) indicated a diminished primary, and normal secondary anti-SRBC responses in splenectomized mice. No IgG response was detectable in mice primed with SRBC starting at 160 days following splenectomy, whereas normal IgG titers were observed following SRBC boost in splenectomized mice. We conclude that the spleen seems to play a regulatory role on some immune functions during adult life in mice.
Evidence for an apical membrane effect in the regulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway in toad bladder studies with amiloride

Abstract Aldosterone stimulates Na+ transport in toad bladder and, simultaneously with a coincident dose-response relationship, inhibits the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway. Amiloride, an acylguanidine diuretic, inhibits sodium transport when applied to the apical surface of the bladder. In this study amiloride was found to partially reverse the inhibitory effect of aldosterone on the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway. The amiloride effect upon glucose metabolism was detected when it was applied to both surfaces of the bladder simultaneously, in flask experiments, and when it was applied to the apical surface. No effect of amiloride on the shunt pathway was detected when it was applied to the serosal surface only, even at very high concentrations. It may be, but has not been proven, that the effects of aldosterone and amiloride on the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway are mediated by a common site at the apical membrane.
Separation of hippocampal theta dipoles by partial coherence analysis in the rat

In order to separate the effect of different theta generators in the hippocampus and to characterize the pattern of relationships between them, in this study, we calculated the coherence that remains between EEG signals, recorded (1) in the stratum oriens of the CA1 region and (2) close to the hippocampal fissure in the dentate gyrus of the right or left hippocampus, after the variations, common also for a third recording site is eliminated (partialization). We found that in both anesthetized and freely moving rats, there is a selective high correlation (coherence) between theta rhythmic activities of contralateral homonymous sites of the hippocampus. The coherence between field potentials recorded in ipsilateral superficial and deep layers was eliminated when allowance was made for any of the contralateral hippocampal recordings. On the other hand, coherence between contralateral homonymous theta dipoles did not decrease when partialized by a heteronymous hippocampal EEG signal. The present results support earlier findings on multiple hippocampal theta dipoles and indicate that they can be separated using partial coherence analysis. The left and right superficial and deep dipoles oscillate as if they formed two separate systems one extending over the superficial CA1 layers on both sides and the other consisting of the left and right deep hippocampal theta dipoles. The results also suggest an important role of the commissural projections in interhemispheric theta synchronization.
Angler Opinions of Bluegill Management and Related Hypothetical Effects on Bluegill Fisheries in Four Minnesota Lakes

Abstract We surveyed anglers on four Minnesotta lakes who fish for bluegill Lepomis macrochirus to determine (1) if they would support regulation changes designed to increase bluegill size structure, (2) if their behavior would allow increases in bluegill size structure to be sustainable, and (3) what they viewed as the causes and remedies for declining bluegill fisheries. The majority of anglers surveyed would not support regulation changes on bluegill fisheries. However, most said they would increase the number of fishing trips they took if increased bluegill size structure could be reestablished. We estimated that a modest increase of two trips annually would result in a 16–34% increase in the rate of exploitation on the four lakes. On certain lakes this could jeopardize the sustainability of a quality fishery. The majority of anglers believed that stunting was the cause of the decline in bluegill populations and that removal by managers and anglers was the most important management tool available.
Criminal Careers Behind Bars

In the criminal career literature, prison is usually viewed as an interruption of offending. Little research has applied the criminal career perspective to misconduct committed by prisoners. The current study used official data from a probability sample of 1,005 inmates from the southwestern United States to examine offending careers during incarceration. Descriptive and negative binomial regression analyses produced findings that suggest both similarities and dissimilarities between conventional and prison criminal careers. The incidence and prevalence of crime were inversely related to its seriousness but the magnitude of crime was higher in prison. One-third of inmates were never contacted for a prison violation and 74% were never contacted for a serious/violent violation. On the other hand, 40% of inmates were chronic or extreme career offenders even while incarcerated. A small cadre of inmates accounted for 100% of the murders, 75% of the rapes, 80% of the arsons, and 50% of the aggravated assaults occurring behind bars. Finally, prior criminality was the best predictor of prison offending, which is supportive of the importation model. While a significant number of inmates fully comply with prison rules, an even larger percentage of inmates continue to commit an array of crimes and rule violations despite the efforts of prison officials. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The nature of cluster headache.

SYNOPSIS The course of cluster headache was related to the levels of platelet serotonin and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) histamine. They increased at the onset of the active period, decreased when the headaches were controlled, andincreased with the recurrence of another active period. Studies on 28 patients proved that the radionuclide static and dynamic brain scans, electroencephalograms, and visual and somatosensory evoked responses are normal during the free intervals. However, during the attacks bloodflow and visual evoked potential changes may occur. Cytological and biochemical studies during attacks of cluster headaches showed a generalized elevation of platelet serotonin and PRP histamine, and a reduction in the number of platelets. Blood samples obtained during the attacksfrom the jugular vein ipsilateral to the headaches showed a significant drop in the number of platelets and, possibly, a drop in PRP histamine. Cluster headache is a generalized biochemical and cytological disorder whose target is selective cranial vessels.
Cross-reactivity distinguishes serum and nephritogenic anti-DNA antibodies in human lupus from their natural counterparts in normal serum.

Abstract To distinguish the properties of anti-DNA antibodies in patients with lupus from those in normal individuals, we compared the ligand binding, idiotypic and charge properties of serum anti-DNA antibodies derived from: patients with active lupus; normal individuals; and among Ig eluted from the kidneys of two patients with active lupus nephritis (one with mesangial proliferation and the other with membranous nephropathy). The kidney eluate anti-DNA antibodies were the most cross-reactive; they cross-reacted with ssDNA, poly(GdC), poly(dT), poly(dG), poly(dC), ZDNA, SmRNP and the phospholipids cardiolipin and phosphatidyl serine. Lupus serum anti-DNA antibody cross-reacted with polynucleotides but not with phospholipids, whereas anti-DNA antibodies derived from normal serum reacted only with poly(dT). An antiidiotype (anti-Id D ; produced against serum anti-DNA antibodies from one patient) reacted with: anti-DNA antibodies in 8 9 lupus sera; antibodies in both kidney eluates; and anti-DNA antibodies from 5 7 normal sera. Anti-Id D did not react with Ig that did not bind to DNA. Isoelectric focusing of Ig showed that the charge of anti-DNA antibodies from lupus serum and normal serum were similar and unrestricted (pI 5.4–9.0); Ig in kidney eluates varied: membranous lupus pI 4.5–8.6; mesangial lupus pI 8.1–9.1. We conclude that idiotypically related anti-DNA antibodies in tissue lesions, lupus serum and normal serum from different individuals can be distinguished on the basis of their cross-reactive antigen-binding properties. Furthermore the cross-reactive properties of lupus autoantibodies may influence their capacity to form glomerular immune deposits.
CONSTRAINED DYNAMICS OF THE COUPLED ABELIAN TWO-FORM

I present the reduction of phase space of the theory of an antisymmetric tensor potential coupled to an Abelian gauge field, using Dirac's procedure. Duality transformations on the reduced phase space are also discussed.
Leclercia adecarboxylata Bacteremia in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are a high risk population for bacteremia. Derangement in the mucosal architecture of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and frequent endoscopic interventions in immunocompromised individuals are considered primary causes. Isolation of opportunistic microorganisms from the bloodstream of IBD patients has been increasingly reported in recent years. Leclercia adecarboxylata is a ubiquitous, aerobic, motile, gram-negative bacillus. The human GI tract is known to harbor this rarely pathogenic microorganism. There are only a few case reports of bacteremia with this microorganism; the majority are either polymicrobial or associated with immunocompromised patients. We describe a case of monomicrobial L. adecarboxylata bacteremia in a 43-year-old female who presented with bloody diarrhea. Colonoscopy revealed diffuse colonic mucosal inflammation with numerous ulcers, and histopathology revealed crypt abscesses. Following an episode of rectal bleeding, two sets of blood cultures grew L. adecarboxylata, which was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone. After a complicated hospital course, she was eventually diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and enteropathic arthritis, treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, mesalamine, and infliximab which resulted in resolution of her symptoms. In our previously immunocompetent patient, derangement of the gut mucosal barrier was the likely cause of bacteremia, yet performing endoscopic intervention may have contributed to bacterial translocation.
Vitamin E and immune response in the aged: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications

Summary: Nutritional status has been indicated as a contributing factor to age-related dysregulation of the immune response. Vitamin E, a lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin, is important for normal function of the immune cells. The elderly are at a greater risk for vitamin E intake that is lower than recommended levels. Vitamin E supplementation above currently recommended levels has been shown to improve immune functions in the aged including delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response and antibody production in response to vaccination, which was shown to be mediated through increased production of interleukin (IL)-2, leading to enhanced proliferation of T cells, and through reduced production of prostaglandin E2, a T-cell suppressive factor, as a result of a decreased peroxynitrite formation. Vitamin E increased both cell-dividing and IL-producing capacities of naive T cells, but not memory T cells. The vitamin E-induced enhancement of immune functions in the aged was associated with significant improvement in resistance to influenza infection in aged mice and a reduced risk of acquiring upper respiratory infections in nursing home residents. Further studies are needed to determine the signaling mechanisms involved in the upregulation of naive T-cell function by vitamin E as well as the specific mechanisms involved in reduction of risk for upper respiratory infections.
A Comparison of Cocrystal Structure Solutions from Powder and Single Crystal Techniques

We demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of high resolution powder diffraction for determination of cocrystal structures through a double-blind study. Structures of 10 cocrystals of varying complexity were determined independently using single crystal and powder techniques. The two methodologies give identical molecular packing and hydrogen bond topology, and an rms difference in covalent bond lengths of 0.035 A. Powder techniques are clearly sufficient to establish a complete characterization of cocrystal geometry.
Predicting group cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome of binge eating disorder using empirical classification.

The purpose of this study was to use empirical classification based on Latent Profile Analysis to identify subgroups of binge eating disorder (BED) and to evaluate the extent to which these subgroups were predictive of treatment outcome in group cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT). The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, and Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report were administered to 259 participants at baseline in a 15-session CBT trial (190 of whom received active treatment). The best fitting model included three profiles: dietary restraint only (DRO; n = 96; 51%); low dietary restraint (LDR; n = 52; 27%); and dietary restraint plus psychopathology (DRP; n = 42; 22%). Regression analyses revealed that after controlling for baseline score and treatment condition, EDE Global scores were lower for the DRO compared to the LDR profile at one year follow-up (p = .047). Class assignment was not predictive of EDE binge eating frequency or abstinence at end of treatment or follow-up. These results suggest that meaningful empirical classes based on eating disorder symptoms, psychopathology, dietary restraint, and BMI can be identified in BED and that these classes may be useful in predicting long-term group CBT outcome.
Optimization of nanoscale phenomena in AlGaN for improved UV emitters

We have developed AlGaN films deposited by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) that can possess enhanced internal quantum efficiency (> 30%) due to the presence of nanometer scale compositional inhomogeneities (NCI-AlGaN) within a wider bandgap matrix that inhibit nonradiative recombination through the large defect densities (> 10 10 cm -2 ) in these materials. Time- and temperature-dependent studies of the UV photoluminescence from these NCI AlGaN films as a function of growth conditions have been performed with the goal of optimizing the emission efficiency. Measurements of radiative and nonradiative lifetimes in conjunction with modeling indicate that the NCI AlGaN inherently combines inhibition of nonradiative recombination with reduction of radiative lifetime, providing a potentially higher efficiency UV emitter active region.
Relationship between reproductive history, anthropometrics, lifestyle factors, and the likelihood of persistent chemotherapy-related amenorrhea in women with premenopausal breast cancer.

Objective To determine the association between patient characteristics at diagnosis of premenopausal breast cancer, including gravidity, parity, age at menarche, age at first birth, alcohol use, smoking history, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI), with the development of persistent chemotherapy-related amenorrhea (CRA) in follow-up. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Patient(s) Premenopausal women with breast cancer. Intervention(s) We identified all premenopausal women who received standard adjuvant chemotherapy during 1997–2005 for whom menstrual data were available. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluating persistent amenorrhea at ≥6 month after completion of chemotherapy were conducted. Main Outcome Measure(s) Persistent chemotherapy-related amenorrhea (CRA) at ≥6 months from completion of chemotherapy. Result(s) A total of 431 women met eligibility criteria and had ≥6-months’ follow-up. Women with older (>13 years) vs. younger (12–13 years) age at menarche were more than twice as likely to remain amenorrheic. Current smokers had 2.4 greater odds of CRA vs. never smokers, although this association was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval, 0.86–6.75). Conclusion(s) Few identifiable factors contribute to the variability in CRA among premenopausal women after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Further research to improve the prediction of CRA, premature menopause, and infertility in young breast cancer survivors is warranted.
Programmed Biologically Inspired Synthetic Templating of Multifunctional Nanoarchitectures for Small-Scale Reactions

Nature has demonstrated the ability to create highly efficient reactions on small scales by using dimensional constraints and geometric advantages in unique and powerful ways. Inspired by elegant nanoscale cytoskeletal reactions, we have demonstrated a novel method for accelerating the rates of reactions by controlling spatiotemporal relationships using synthetic templating for multifunctional nanoarchitectures. In our model system we used tetrameric β-galactosidase, split into a pair of nonreactive dimers, and organized them to have a strong affinity for microtubules. This microtubule templating increases the concentration of the dimers to a level at which they will frequently reform into active tetramers. The reactive activity of the β-galactosidase was monitored by X-gal, which enabled us to demonstrate a nearly 30-fold increase in the maximum rate of reaction. We have shown that the use of biologically inspired approaches will give us the ability to control some of the essential basics in biology and medical chemistry through increasing reaction rates. These results will have applications in a wide range of fields including nanotechnology, synthetic biology, chemistry, engineering, and polymer physics.
Competing failure mechanisms in mixed-mode fracture of an adhesively bonded polymer-matrix composite

In this paper, the use of cohesive-zone models to analyze crack-path selection in adhesive joints made from a polymer-matrix composite is demonstrated. Cohesive-zone parameters for the adhesive and composite obtained in a previous work were used without any modifications to make the predictions presented in this study. The results of numerical simulations of two mixed-mode geometries, single-lap shear and asymmetrical double-cantilever beam specimens, are compared to experimental observations. It is shown that the numerical simulations provided reasonably good predictions for the strength and failure mechanisms of the joints, allowing the nature of the competition between failure of the composite and failure of the interface to be determined.
Citation searches are more sensitive than keyword searches to identify studies using specific measurement instruments

Abstract Objectives To compare the effectiveness of two search methods in identifying studies that used the Control Preferences Scale (CPS), a health care decision-making instrument commonly used in clinical settings. Study Design and Setting We searched the literature using two methods: (1) keyword searching using variations of “Control Preferences Scale” and (2) cited reference searching using two seminal CPS publications. We searched three bibliographic databases [PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS)] and one full-text database (Google Scholar). We report precision and sensitivity as measures of effectiveness. Results Keyword searches in bibliographic databases yielded high average precision (90%) but low average sensitivity (16%). PubMed was the most precise, followed closely by Scopus and WOS. The Google Scholar keyword search had low precision (54%) but provided the highest sensitivity (70%). Cited reference searches in all databases yielded moderate sensitivity (45–54%), but precision ranged from 35% to 75% with Scopus being the most precise. Conclusion Cited reference searches were more sensitive than keyword searches, making it a more comprehensive strategy to identify all studies that use a particular instrument. Keyword searches provide a quick way of finding some but not all relevant articles. Goals, time, and resources should dictate the combination of which methods and databases are used.
Effects of copper, nickel and zinc on three species of oregon freshwater snails

Three snail species collected from western Oregon were exposed to metals - Juga plicifera and Lithoglyphus virens, which inhabit cool coastal streams, and Physa gyrina, which is found in Willamette Valley ponds. J. plicifera were exposed in flow-through laboratory tests to copper and nickel, L. virens were exposed to copper, and P. gyrina were exposed to nickel and zinc. J. plicifera has a 96-h LC50 (50% of the test group died) of 0.015 mg/L for copper and a no observed effect level (NOEL, mortality not significantly different from that in control groups) of 0.006 mg/L (30-d survival). J. plicifera had a 96-h LC50 for nickel of 0.237 mg/L and a NOEL of 0.124 mg/L. L. virens had a 96-h LC50 for copper of 0.008 mg/L and a NOEL of less than 0.008 mg/L. P. gyrina had a 96-h LC50 for nickel of 0.239 mg/L, a 96-h LC50 for zinc of 1.274 mg/L and a NOEL for zinc of 0.570 mg/L.
A New Species of Pselaphidae from Costa Rica

Color. —Glistening dark reddish brown, with legs and elytra paler reddish brown. Antennae with segments 1 to 8 reddish brown with brown pubescence, segments 9 and 10 black with black pubescence, segment 11 reddish brown with golden pubescence.
Computational cell biologists snowed in at Cranwell.

Abstract Cell biology is being inundated by an avalanche of data from the genomics and proteomics enterprises. The complexity and sheer volume of information threaten to overwhelm the ability of traditional cell biologists to grasp its implications and develop experimentally testable hypotheses. For this reason, some have begun to explore computational approaches towards organizing complex data into quantitative models. This requires communication and collaboration between the biological science community and the physical and mathematical science communities. A recent meeting made a first attempt to bring these two communities together*. Three feet of new snow fell during the meeting, but the 125 attendees, an unusual mix of cell biologists, computer scientists, mathematicians, physicists and engineers were having too much fun defining the new field of computational cell biology to notice that they were literally snowed in. [*The First International Symposium on Computational Cell Biology, Cranwell Resort, Lenox, MA, USA; 4–6 March 2001. Organizers: J.H. Carson, A. Cowan and L.M. Loew (www.nrcam.uchc.edu/conference).]
Infrared Microspectroscopy of Benign and Neoplastic Prostate: Correlation of Spectral Patterns with Histopathology

ABSTRACT The diagnosis ofprostate cancer is based on the visible microscopic evaluation of both cytological and architectural featuresof the prostate tissue sections. In order to determine whether infrared (IR) spectral "mapping" can be used to objectivelydistinguish between normal and neoplastic prostate tissue, a comparison between "visual, point-by-point" and "automated,point-by-point" infrared measurements was perfonned. Automated, point-by-point analysis was performed without any prior diagnostic information. Visual, point-by-point measurements were based on histopathology, histochemistry and immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue samples. The spectra obtained from these measurements were compared to the spectra obtained from automated point-by-point analysis. Our results indicate that the spectra obtained from histopathologically directed measurements compares well with those of automated mapping methods. Therefore. we believethat current mapping methodology can be directly correlated with pathological diagnoses.Keywords: Infrared Microspectroscopy, Infrared Mapping, Histopathology. Prostate, Adenocarcinoma