cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bacteriophage λ development: temporal switches and the choice of lysis or lysogeny

Abstract Bacteriophage λ executes a regulated temporal program along two pathways, lytic or lysogenic. Each pathway depends on controlled, sequential synthesis and subsequent activity of λ-encoded proteins. The choice of pathway requires an initial partition specified by the relative activity of the λ cII regulatory protein, followed by a stabilization of this choice by other λ proteins. The stabilization events involve competition by the repressors cI and Cro for control of developmental transcription and by the recombination proteins Int and Xis for the direction of site-specific recombination. Several host and phage proteins exert post-transcriptional control on the amount of cII, presumably transducing physiological signals for choice of pathway.
On the stability and structure of β-fluoro-substituted radical anions of acetamides. An EPR study at 3 K

Abstract An EPR study at 3 K of X-ray irradiated monofluoroacetamide does not reveal a radical anion species, despite the fact that the radical anion in trifluoroacetamide is stable at 77 K. This difference in stability has been found to be dependent on the conformation of the -CF 3 group (eclipsed) versus the -CFH 2 group (staggered). The eclipsed conformation permits effective σ-π hyperconjugation in stabilizing the radical anion. An INDO calculation of CF 3 CONH 2 − suggests that the radical site is pyramidal rather than planar with a non-planar angle of 32° and a dihedral angle for the eclipsed fluorine, relative to the nearly π-like orbital, of 30°.
Differences in the polymorphic forms of metallothionein

Abstract Metallothionein induced in rat liver by metal ions can be resolved into two forms, referred to as isoforms I and II. These polymorphic forms differ in several properties. Sequence analysis of the CNBr-digested thionein isoforms revealed seven differences in the first 25 amino acids between isoforms I and II of Cd-induced thionein. The sequence of the first 25 amino acids in isoform II of Cu-induced thionein was identical to that of isoform II of Cd-induced thionein, suggesting that the same polymorphic forms are induced with different metal ions. Isoform II of Cd,Zn-thionein exhibited a reproducibly greater Stokes radius (17 A) by gel filtration compared to isoform I (16.2 A), whereas isoform II of Cu-thionein eluted with a Stokes radius of 16.2 A. The isoforms also differ in Zn-binding affinity. Isoform I of several preparations of Cd,Zn-thionein and Zn-thionein invariably reconstituted greater esterase activity in apo-carbonic anhydrase than did isoform II. In Cd,Zn-thionein samples, only the Zn 2+ ions were transferred to apo-carbonic anhydrase. Similarity, the Zn 2+ ions in isoform I were more reactive with EDTA compared to isoform II. The greater reactivity of isoform I with EDTA was evident kinetically from spectrophotometric assays as well as thermodynamically from equilibrium dialysis experiments. The significance of these differences is unclear, but it is conceivable that the dissimilarities in the conformational and Zn-binding affinity of rat liver metallothionein may correlate with a functional distinction.
An energy based macro-element method via a coupled finite element and boundary integral formulation

Abstract An energy-based, systematic method for the coupling of the finite element (FE) method and the boundary integral equation (BIE) method is described in this paper. This method allows the use of the BIE method to represent those subdomains of a structure that are best suited to BIE method, and the use of the FE method to represent the rest of the structure. Different subdomains and their associated FE or BIE representations are coupled naturally through the total potential energy functional of the system. The associated discretized problem from the proposed method consists of a linear system of equations with a symmetric and blockwise banded matrix. As in regular FE methods, the derivation is started from the total potential energy principle. However, in those subdomains that are best suited to the BIE method, the exact solution of the associated free field equation is used to represent the true solution. The size and shape of each BIE subdomain, called “macro-element” in this paper, may be designed freely to meet various practical requirements concerning, for example, numerical efficiency, machine storage limitations, mesh generations, etc. Most significantly, unlike the existing BIE techniques, the present method does not seem to require special treatments for corner effects, thus reducing the computational complexity. Numerical experiments have been performed for generalized Poisson's equation as a prototype situation. The extension to 2D-3D elastic problems is straightforward.
Influence of acute right ventricular dysfunction on cardiac tamponade

Echocardiographic and hemodynamic data were measured in nine closed chest dogs during graded cardiac tamponade (pericardial pressure 5, 10, 15 mm Hg) before and after production of diffuse acute ischemic right ventricular dysfunction. Right ventricular dysfunction was produced by intracoronary injection of nonradioactive microspheres (mean diameter ± SD 54 ± 4 μm) and caused a significant increase in right atrial pressure (7.6 ± 1.4 vs. 1.6 ± 1 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and cross-sectional areas of both the right atrium (8.3 ± 0.3 vs. 5.6 ± 0.2 cm2, p < 0.001) and right ventricle (8.8 ± 0.4 vs. 5.7 ± 0.4 cm2, p < 0.001). Right atrial and ventricular collapse required a significantly larger pericardial effusion and pericardial pressure after light ventricular infarction than before. Mean aortic pressure had fallen 1.9 ± 2% and 6.5 ± 6.9% at the time of right atrial collapse (p = NS before vs. after right ventricular dysfunction) and 3 ± 4.1% and 20.1 ± 20.8% at the time of right ventricular collapse (p < 0.03) before and after right ventricular dysfunction, respectively. In the presence of ischemic right ventricular dysfunction, echocardiographic signs of cardiac tamponade are less sensitive and occur later in the hemodynamic progression of cardiac tamponade. Pulsus paradoxus with cardiac tamponade was not prevented by coexisting ischemic right ventricular dysfunction.
Frederic Gibbs and His Contributions to Epilepsy Surgery and Electroencephalography

Frederic Gibbs' (1903-1992) long research career was devoted to the understanding and treatment of epileptic phenomena and closely associated with the development of electroencephalography (EEG). After medical school, he joined the Harvard Neurological Unit at Boston City Hospital directed by Stanley Cobb. In the early 1930s, Gibbs developed a thermoelectric blood flow probe and, with William Lennox, proved in animals and humans that a seizure increases cerebral blood flow. By 1934, Gibbs became a pioneer in the field of EEG while working at Harvard with Hallowell Davis and Lennox, and was the first to convincingly record and report EEG findings in epilepsy and states of altered consciousness. Several years later, Gibbs and Lennox were the first to recommend cerebral excisions in several patients with uncontrolled epilepsy based on EEG. Moving to the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1944, Gibbs founded a consultation clinic for epilepsy, performed the first EEG depth recordings using pneumoencephalography-guided stereotaxy, and noted that sleep EEGs in patients with psychomotor seizures frequently disclosed temporal epileptic patterns. Gibbs convinced Percival Bailey to collaborate on patients with refractory temporal lobe psychomotor seizures without tumors. In 1947, the first nonlesional temporal lobe excisions based on EEG localization were performed in these patients, and, by 1948, anterior temporal lobectomy had become their procedure of choice. Gibbs and Lennox received the coveted Lasker Award among other honors as pioneers in establishing the modern era of epilepsy diagnosis and treatment.
Spin-triplet supercurrent in Co-based Josephson junctions

In the past year several groups have reported experimental evidence for spin-triplet supercurrents in Josephson junctions containing strong ferromagnetic materials. In this paper we present several new experimental results that follow up on our previous work. We study Josephson junctions of the form S/X/N/SAF/N/X/S, where S is a superconductor (Nb), N is a normal metal, SAF is a synthetic antiferromagnet of the form Co/Ru/Co and X is an ferromagnetic layer necessary to induce spin-triplet correlations in the structure. Our work is distinguished by the fact that the generation of spin-triplet correlations is tuned by the type and thickness of the X layers. The most important new result reported here is the discovery that a conventional, strong ferromagnetic material, Ni, performs well as the X layer, if it is sufficiently thin. This discovery rules out our earlier hypothesis that out-of-plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy is an important attribute of the X layers. These results suggest that the spin-triplet correlations are most likely induced by noncollinear magnetization between the X layers and adjacent Co layers.
Diffraction theory for an achromatic Fourier transformation

A three-lens achromatic Fourier transform system is analyzed in the context of paraxial Fresnel diffraction theory. From the analysis a general solution for the required wavelength dependence of the various lenses is found. A particular arrangement of the general system is then considered. Using first-order lens design principles, it is shown that each dispersive lens can be fabricated using a holographic zone lens and glass element cascade. The paraxial chromatic aberrations of the resulting system are calculated. It is found that this system design yields an achromatic transformation that is well corrected (paraxially) over the entire visible spectrum.
Alpha interferon therapy in children with chronic active hepatitis B and delta virus infection

Two children with chronic hepatitis B virus and delta virus infection were treated with alpha interferon. Both tolerated the therapy without complications, and one demonstrated clearance of the infection and development of immunity.
The bases for selection and retention of teachers in Mississippi

Students of the history of American education are aware of the fact that the dame of the colonial dame school, an ancestor of our present day school systems, was frequently selected on a variety of factors, one of which might have been her knowledge of subject matter and methodology of teaching. In many cases, however, it seems that the primary point of consideration in selecting the dame was the fact that she had no other way of making a living and the community, therefore, felt that it should employ her as the school teacher in order to prevent her becoming an object of charity. Many amusing stories have been told regarding the bases for the selection of teachers in specific communities. I. THZ PROBLEM
Analysis of post-synthetically modified oligodeoxynucleotides by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Abstract Electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry is used for the effective analysis of post-synthetically modified oligodeoxynucleotides, wherein thiol groups present on 4-thio-2′-deoxyuridine residues within the oligomers are used as site-specific points of attachment for functionalized tethers.
Case report: Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the lumbar spine in a child.

Background Chondrosarcomas of the spine constitute 4% to 10% of all primary spinal bone tumors and approximately 70% of the cases occur during the second or third decade of life. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare aggressive variant of chondrosarcoma. The prognosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is usually poor with a tendency for late local recurrence and metastasis.
Application of the core competencies after unexpected patient death: consolation of the grieved.

Objectives To review and assess educational strategies and formats regarding communication with families/survivors in the aftermath of unexpected and untimely patient death. To propose an integrated curriculum designed and intended to foster proficiency, competence, confidence, and composure in relaying catastrophic information in the context of the professional experience of a cohort of seasoned surgeons. Background Unexpected and untimely patient death is emotionally and psychologically wrenching for families, surgeons, and healthcare providers. We have previously proffered that 2 distinct, but interactive, phases of response are relevant when communicating with a family before and after the event: a proactive phase intended to establish a positive therapeutic relationship with the family; and a reactive phase intended to respond to the family in a compassionate and respectful manner and to ensure self-care for the physicians and health care providers. Study Design Survey of a cohort of senior surgeons (membership of the Southern Surgical Association) and Surgical Residency Program Directors (membership of the Association of Program Directors in Surgery). Results Sixty percent of the senior surgeons surveyed had experienced unexpected patient death. They advised strategies to cope with that clinical situation commensurate with the core competencies of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education: Medical Knowledge: maximize objective information/data and minimize subjective opinion; Patient Care: critique the events and conduct postmortem analyses; Interpersonal and Communication Skills: honesty, empathy, and patience; Professionalism: provide emotional and psychological support to family and personnel with privacy and in a nonaccusatory manner; Practice-Based Learning and Improvement: preoperative discussion and documentation in the context of informed consent and advanced directives vis-a-vis risk-benefit, effort-yield, and benefit-burden analyses; and Systems-Based Practice: involve chaplains and hospital personnel. Thirty-six percent of the graduate surgical educational programs surveyed allegedly provided educational venues to enable surgical residents to cope with unexpected patient death, although the formats were not specified. Conclusions Graduate, postgraduate, and continuing educational programs aspire to prepare physicians and surgeons for independent professional practice—scientifically, humanistically, and artistically. Incorporating educational strategies to enable graduates to cope with the emotional and psychological turmoil of unexpected patient death is relevant.
Inhibition by estradiol of human chorionic gonadotropin-induced progesterone accumulation in isolated human luteal cells: lack of mediation by prostaglandin F.

Estradiol has been previously reported to be a potent inhibitor of hCG-stimulated progesterone accumulation in isolated cells from human corpora lutea of the menstrual cycle. We assessed the role of prostaglandin (PG) in this in vitro estradiol-induced inhibition by measuring PGF and adding a blocker of PG synthesis (indomethacin) to the incubation medium. The inhibition by estradiol of hCG-stimulated progesterone accumulation occurred without any increase in PGF accumulation in the incubations. Furthermore, PGF accumulation was markedly reduced (P < 0.05) at all concentrations of indomethacin tested (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/ml), but the inhibitory effect of estradiol on hCG-stimulated progesterone accumulation was not prevented. These data suggest that the inhibitory effect of estradiol observed in vitro is not mediated by PGs. (J Clin Endocrinol Metcab 50: 590, 1980)
Stress Intensity Factors for Plate Bending and Shearing Problems

Stress intensity factors for a finite crack in an infinite plate are calculated assuming Kirchhoff plate theory. Two problems are considered: a cracked plate subjected to uniform far-field shearing, and a cracked plate subjected to uniform far-field bending moment. In both cases the crack is oriented at an arbitrary angle to the axis of loading.
The use of waveform digitizers with drift chambers for D0

Abstract A prototype drift chamber cell with good space resolution, d E d x , and two particle separation has been constructed. A 100 MHz, 11 bit waveform digitizer readout scheme has been used for the tests.
An Interactive Course in Nuclear Receptor Signaling: Concepts and Models

This interactive online course sketches some of the landmark studies and discoveries in the field of nuclear receptors since the field9s inception. Although the course is primarily focused at advanced life sciences students and scientists from other disciplines wishing to become acquainted with the field, it is likely to also be a useful resource for anyone associated with the discipline of nuclear receptor signaling. This animated course was created by members of the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (NURSA; www.nursa.org), which is an NIH-funded research consortium formed with the aim of providing a repository of nuclear receptor-related data for use of the scientific community.
Cultural Meanings of Money in Medieval Ashkenaz: On Gift, Profit, and Value in Medieval Judaism and Christianity

This article explores the cultural history of money in medieval Judaism and Christianity. In doing so, it reassesses a historical narrative describing the emergence of a “new money economy” in the High Middle Ages. In the prevailing narrative, money is positioned as a causal agent: it is said to effect and symbolize the “profit motive,” becoming a locus for anxiety about the new money economy. But a close reading of moral literature suggests that money per se was not a locus of anxiety. Moralists had a sophisticated understanding of economic value and its relation to moral economy. Anxiety among Jewish and Christian moralists focused on the possible disjuncture between moral and economic values, not on economic value per se. Through close readings of medieval exempla, this article demonstrates that moralists regarded the economic act of acquisition as creating a moral value. When “bad” moral value adhered to coins, they sought to devise means for redeeming that value through penitential acts. This ideology, which was shared by Jewish and Christian authors, suggests that cultural assumptions about money were more sophisticated than a straightforward fear of the profit economy and profit motive and that the narrative of European economic development as a shift from gift economy to profit economy ought to be problematized. Binary oppositions between gift and profit and between an altruistic Christianity (linked to a gift economy) and a modernizing Judaism (linked to a profit economy) ought to be broken down.
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy: an overview

Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a new technique for carrying out absorption measurements with increased sensitivity. Briefly, a pulse of radiation is injected into an optical cavity where it bounces back and forth between high-reflectivity mirrors. Some radiation leaks out an end mirror on each bounce, and the stored radiant energy inside the optical cavity decays exponentially (rings down) with time. When absorber molecules are present inside the optical cavity, the ring-down lifetime is shortened. A plot of the reciprocal of the ring-down lifetime (the ring-down rate) versus frequency gives the absorption spectrum.
Previously undescribed carbonate deposits on Key Largo, Florida

Recent dredgings on Key Largo have exposed previously undescribed deposits within and possibly above the Key Largo Limestone. Associated with the frequently discussed Montastrea-Diploria coral-patch-reef facies are a Chione cancellata shell-mold facies and a black mangrove root-mold facies. The Chione cancellata shell-mold facies is characterized by a molluscan fauna, typical of modern Florida Bay, consisting predominantly of molds of Chione cancellata . It occurs as a well-lithified quartzose biocalcirudite containing fragments of subaerial crust that it overlies. The Chione cancellata deposit represents a storm accumulation either (1) deposited on a lower subaerial crust within the Key Largo Limestone during a lower stand of sea level or (2) one of the most recent deposits on Key Largo postdating the latest subaerial crust. The nature of preservation indicates subaerial leaching after deposition.
Dual system theory of the biological clock

A detailed description of the Dual System Theory of the biological clock (DST) is presented, including the rationale and experimental evidence underlying some of its specific characteristics. DST offers a unified conceptual basis for the interpretation of circadian rhythms as well as the various forms of seasonal photoperiodism. The intracellular biological clock is postulated to consist of two rhythmic components, one of which (S-system) constitutes the photoperiodically entrained circadian pacemaker and determinative rhythm, while the second (P-system) serves as a gating rhythm . A gate, in this sense, is defined as the time delimited by an arbitrary range of P-system phase points, within which a circadian event may be initiated. The gating system for developmental periodism is assumed to be identical to that of circadian responses, and the gate is therefore referred to as the Determination Gate (DG). The photoperiodically regulated daily increment of developmental determination is dependent on the phase state of the S-system at the time of Determination Gate occurrence. The S-system is postulated to be entrained by the photoperiod and to be free-running under continuous darkness (DD); it stops under prolonged light, and can be restarted only by the recurrence of darkness. The P-system is postulated to be entrained by the S-system during the scotophase and DD, but to be free-running in the photophase and under continuous light (LL).
Engineering a planar NAND cell scalable to 20nm and beyond

Intel-Micron have recently introduced a scalable planar NAND cell for the 20nm technology. Replacement of conventional wrap floating gate (FG) NAND memory cell with a High-K/Metal gate planar cell that can scale to the 20nm node and beyond was a significant challenge and required comprehensive material and cell exploration and optimization. This paper discusses some of the fundamental cell design issues considered and addressed to arrive at this planar cell technology including the reasoning behind choosing the planar floating gate cell over the nano-crystal cell, and the nitride cell.
Neuroprotection in experimental stroke with targeted neurotrophins

More than 30 neurotrophins have been identified, and many of them have neuroprotective effects in brain ischemia or injury. However, all the clinical trials with several neurotrophins for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke or neurodegenerative diseases have failed so far, primarily because of their poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. This article is an overview of recent progress in the research focused on BBB targeted neurotrophins using a chimeric peptide approach, in which antitransferrin receptor antibody was used as a BBB delivery vector, and neurotrophin peptide was conjugated to the antibody via the avidin/biotin technology. Vasoactive intestinal peptide was the first model chimeric peptide to show an enhanced CNS effect after noninvasive peripheral administration. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) chimeric peptide was nenroprotective in rats subjected to transient forebrain ischemia, permanent focal ischemia, or transient focal ischemia. Delayed treatments with the BDNF chimeric peptide showed an effective time window of 1–2 h after ischemia. Basic FGF chimeric peptide was highly effective in the reduction of infarct volume in the rat model of permanent focal ischemia, with lowest effective dose of 1 μg per rat. Future studies in this exciting area include genetically engineered fusion proteins or humanized antibodies for BBB drug targeting with less immunogenicity and reduced working burden in the chemical conjugation, the use of antihuman insulin receptor antibody for higher BBB delivery efficiency, and combination therapies using chimeric neurotrophins plus other neuroprotectants to achieve additive or synergistic effects.
Quantifying intracardiac organization by combined spectral and spatial phase analysis of the electrocardiogram

We hypothesized that ECGs exhibiting a predominant spectral peak reflect temporal regularity, and that waves that maintain their shape between axes reflect spatial regularity, in cardiac activation. We analyzed ECGs of 38 patients at electrophysiologic study (EPS). Atrial or ventricular activity was depicted as a series of correlation values of a template to the ECG over time. In regular supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias at invasive EPS, temporal phase was maintained since ECG spectra showed peaks /spl ges/ 6dB magnitude, and spatial phase was maintained between axes since correlation time-series, plotted for lead V5 vs aVF (XY), V5/V1 (XZ) and aVF/V1 (YZ), resulted in reproducible loops parallel to the lines of identity. Supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias with non-uniform intracardiac spatial or temporal activation did not maintain temporal or spatial phase. Analysis was insensitive to the effects of simulated noise, baseline wander, altered gain and template selection.
Relational Resilience in Girls

This chapter, mainly theoretical in orientation, also reviews recent research on resilience and gender. The theoretical orientation represented here is known as relational-cultural theory (RCT). At the core of this work is the belief that all psychological growth occurs in relationships, and that movement out of relationship (chronic disconnection) into isolation constitutes the source of much psychological suffering. Moving away from a “separate self” model of development, RCT also suggests that resilience resides not in the individual but in the capacity for connection. A model of relational resilience is presented. Mutual empathy, empowerment, and the development of courage are the building blocks of this resilience. Although this chapter seeks to explicate the importance of relational resilience for girls, it also suggests that growth-fostering connections are the source of resilience for both boys and girls.
Perceptions of Practicing Pharmacists in Idaho about a Potential Behind-the-Counter Drug Program

Background:In late 2007, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held public hearings exploring the establishment of a new behind-the-counter (BTC) drug program. However, little is known about the views ol pharmacists regarding such a program.Objective:To assess the overall perceptions of Idaho's practicing pharmacists about the creation of a formal BTC drug program, the appropriateness of including certain drug categories, specific barriers to its adoption, and the impact of the new program on access to medicines.Methods:A survey of practicing pharmacists in Idaho was conducted by mail, utilizing anonymous responses. Key questions exploring the views of pharmacists about the new BTC drug program utilized 5-point Likert scales. Data were also collected on respondent characteristics.Results:A total of 357 practicing pharmacists in Idaho (31% response rate) returned the mail survey; 84% of pharmacists agreed that the FDA should be exploring an expanded BTC program, and 88% of pharmacists agreed that this pro...
William Blake and the Emergence of Romantic Media Studies

The following article is structured in two parts: the first half of the essay investigates the now-emerging Romantic media studies paradigm, a vital sub-field within contemporary Romanticist scholarship, and historicizes this critical paradigm while contextualizing its emergence and development in relation to competing historical and theoretical accounts of “media,” “medium,” “mediation,” and other terms most crucial to scholars working in this area. The essay's second half situates the role of the art and poetry of William Blake, often cited as the Romantic age's greatest multimedia artist, within Romantic media studies and does so by reviewing the general lack of critical and theoretical attention given to Blake within the nascent sub-field. While Blake's poetry, painting, and printmaking have proven to be extremely generative of digital scholarly projects, Romantic media studies' implicit investment in his work (and especially the nature and function of his illuminated manuscripts) requires further investigation.
Bohman-Frieze processes at criticality and emergence of the giant component

The evolution of the usual Erd˝os-Renyi random graph model on n vertices can be described as follows: At time 0 start with the empty graph, with n vertices and no edges. Now at each time k, choose 2 vertices uniformly at random and attach an edge between these two vertices. Let Gn(k) be the graph obtained at step k. Following (22) and (25), the work of Aldous in (4) shows that for any fixed t ∈ R, when k(n) = n/2 + n 2/3 t/2, the sizes of the components in Gn(k(n)) scale like n 2/3 and, as n → ∞, the scaled component size vector converges to the standard multiplicative coalescent at time t. Furthermore, when k(n) = sn/2, for any s 1, the size of the largest component scales like f(s)n, where f(s) > 0. Thus tc = 1 is the critical parameter for this model at which time a giant component emerges. The last decade has seen variants of this process introduced, loosely under the name Achlioptas processes, to understand the effect of simple changes in the edge formation scheme on the emergence of the giant component. Stimulated by a question of Achlioptas, one of the simplest and most popular of such models is the Bohman-Frieze (BF) model wherein at each stage k, 2 edges e1(k) = (v1,v2) and e2(k) = (v3,v4) are chosen uniformly at random. If at this time v1,v2 are both isolated then this edge is added, otherwise e2 is added. Then (12) (and further analysis in (41)) show that once again there is a critical parameter, which is larger than 1, above and below which the asymptotic behavior is as in the Erd˝os-Renyi setting, in particular this simple modification in the attachment scheme delays the time of emergence of the giant component. While an intense study for this and related models seems to suggest that at criticality, this model should be in the same universality class as the original Erd˝os-Renyi process, a precise mathematical treatment of the dynamics in the critical window has to date escaped analysis. In this work we study the component structure of the BF model in the critical window and show that at criticality the sizes of components properly rescaled and re-centered converge to the same limits as for the original Erd˝os-Renyi process. Our proofs rely on a series of careful approximations of the original random graph model leading eventually to the treatment of certain near critical multitype branching processes with general type spaces through functional and stochastic analytic tools.
Model-Based Face De-Identification

Advances in camera and computing equipment hardware in recent years have made it increasingly simple to capture and store extensive amounts of video data. This, among other things, creates ample opportunities for the sharing of video sequences. In order to protect the privacy of subjects visible in the scene, automated methods to de-identify the images, particularly the face region, are necessary. So far the majority of privacy protection schemes currently used in practice rely on ad-hoc methods such as pixelation or blurring of the face. In this paper we show in extensive experiments that pixelation and blurring offers very poor privacy protection while significantly distorting the data. We then introduce a novel framework for de-identifying facial images. Our algorithm combines a model-based face image parameterization with a formal privacy protection model. In experiments on two large-scale data sets we demonstrate privacy protection and preservation of data utility.
Outing PlanetOut: surveillance, gay marketing and internet affinity portals

This study uses an examination of the two largest internet affinity portals serving lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered (LGBT) communities - PlanetOut.com and Gay.com - as an entry point into a broader discussion of gay marketing and surveillance in cyberspace. Informing this examination are arguments that the newfound courting of the ‘gay community’ by mainstream marketers represents a repositioning of gays and lesbians in commercial panoptic formations based on the perceived desirability of these populations as niche markets. This position is supported by the Janus-faced design of these online portals, which present themselves as inclusive communities to gay and lesbian consumers while simultaneously presenting themselves as surveilling entities to corporate clients. The marketing strategies deployed by these portals suggest that corporate actors believe that gays and lesbians can be enticed into self-surveillance by distancing solicitations for personal information from their economic aims and rea...
Mechanical behaviour of an Al-matrix composite reinforced with nanocrystalline Al-coated B4C particulates

In metal–matrix composites (MMCs), interfacial bonding between the metal matrix and the ceramic reinforcement plays a crucial role in their mechanical performance. In the present study, B4C particles were cryomilled with an Al alloy to produce a composite powder, in which the B4C was uniformly distributed in nanocrystalline Al. The cryomilling developed a strong bond between the B4C and the Al, allowing the nanocrystalline Al to act as a coating with a strong ceramic–metal interface. This cryomilled composite powder was then introduced, as a reinforcement, into a conventional Al alloy to strengthen the material. After consolidation, the result was a bulk Al–matrix composite reinforced with B4C particles encapsulated in nanocrystalline Al. This composite exhibits greatly improved strength and stiffness.
Modeling experiments on continuous microwave processing of thermal runaway materials

Summary form only given. Microwave processing of metal oxide ceramic fibers offers several potential advantages. However, work so far has revealed several difficult problems; typically, these materials have very low dielectric loss coefficients at room temperature which increase rapidly with temperature. Although microwave heating of such low-loss materials can be accomplished by using high field strengths in high-Q applicators, this approach usually fails because of thermal runaway. We seek to demonstrate that custom designed microwave applicators can overcome the problem of thermal runaway and produce heating patterns which lead to temperature profiles tailored to specific processing objectives. The first step is to develop a verified model of the electromagnetic and temperature fields in an applicator and load. We report results from experiments on well-characterized ceramic rods and a heat transfer model of the experiments which assumes uniform electromagnetic fields. The experimental system consists of a single-mode TE10n cavity coupled to a broad-band traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifier with a nominal frequency range of 2.5-8 GHz. For these experiments, the frequency was maintained near 2.93 GHz. The resonant cavity consists of a water-cooled section of copper WR284 waveguide with a coupling iris and "beyond-cutoff" coupler at the inlet, and an adjustable short. During each experiment, the forward and reflected power from the cavity were measured and recorded, along with the temperature data, at one second intervals.
Diffraction Rangefinding in Java

We describe a prototype of a diffraction range finding camera implemented in, and simulated by, Java. This sensor is able to digitize objects in 3D using only a single video camera, a diffraction grating and a means to position the target. The system is novel because it uses diffraction range finding to digitize objects and because it uses only the Java language for image processing, simulation and control. Embedded machine vision applications of Java are still rare. Java's support for video digitization and serial port I/O is poor. The lack of I/O has limited Java's application in the area of image processing systems. Our 3D scanner uses Java for the digitization and processing of image sequences. The digitization is enabled by two API's. The first, called QuickTime for Java is an Apple Computer product that has been made available for Macintosh and Windows platforms. The second, called javax.comm, consists of a specification from Sun, with implementations available for several platforms. The javax.comm package enables the control of serial-port based devices. We have written drivers for an x-y table and a frame grabber. Performance has been a primary concern with the use of Java for image sequence processing. We show that Java is both fast enough for 3D reconstructions and for display of wire-frame and smooth shaded models.
Dose rate effects in nickel-ion-irradiated nickel

Abstract Nickel samples have been irradiated at two different dose rates with the same dose of 2.8-MeV 58Ni+ to a peak damage level of 13 dpa. The peak damage dose rates were ∼7 × 10−2 dpa sec−1 (HDR) and ∼7 × 10−4 dpa sec−1 (LDR). An upward shift of ∼75°C in the low-temperature limit for swelling has been observed for this increase of a factor of 100 in dose rate. The HDR results showed a peak swelling of 1.2% at 625°C, while the LDR results gave a peak swelling of 2.4% at 550°C. The LDR samples contained larger voids at lower densities than the HDR samples at all temperatures at which voids were observed. The results were compared with models for void nucleation and growth from which it was concluded that the HDR and LDR swelling curves both exhibited a low temperature regime which was void- growth-limited and a high temperature regime which was void-nucleation-limited. When temperature independent void and dislocation parameters were employed, the Brails ford and Bullough (BB) void growth model predict...
Feedback Delays for Vibration Mitigation and External Disturbance Rejection at the Microscale

This efiort discusses the implementation of delayed-feedback algorithms as efiective mechanisms for vibration mitigation at the microscale. A delayed velocity-feedback algorithm is considered and employed to mitigate the ∞exural vibrations of a microcantilever beam. The linear stability of the closed-loop unforced system is assessed to determine the gain-delay combinations wherein the flxed points of the system are locallyasymptotically stable. The method of multiple scales is then implemented to analyze the steady-state forced response of the closed-loop dynamics. Theoretical results demonstrate that inherent system delays can be easily augmented into a larger delay period that can be used to stabilize the system dynamics and enhance the damping characteristics of the response. The proposed concept is implemented experimentally on a microcantilever sensor. The feedback algorithm is shown to have excellent performance in mitigating the efiects of external disturbances and periodic excitations.
Integrating a computer-based flashcard program into academic vocabulary learning

The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the extent to which a computer-based flashcard program, Anki, can help college-level ESL learners improve their vocabulary as well as the learners` perceptions about the program. The vocabulary targeted for the study consisted of Coxhead`s (2000) Academic Word List, including the most common words in university textbooks. An academic vocabulary dictionary which encompasses 210 academic words was designed for the study and thirteen students coming from two ESL classes used the Anki dictionary for ten minutes every day during the three week intervention process. Pretest and posttest scores of students were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the learning process. Learners` perceptions about the training were investigated by means of surveys, interviews and observations. The results present the benefits that might be gained from the integration of flashcard programs into a language classroom, as well as the perceptions of learners about the process.
A rare opportunity for conservative treatment in a case of blunt trauma to the supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava.

Injuries to the inferior vena cava (IVC) secondary to blunt trauma are rare and occur in only 1–10% of all blunt trauma patients. Management of these injuries has not been subjected to major studies, but several case reports and small retrospective studies have demonstrated that management can be tailored to the hemodynamic status of the patient; this is similar to the management of blunt liver injuries. Stable patients whose injuries have achieved local venous tamponade have been successfully treated without surgical intervention, while unstable patients require operative management. Regardless of patient status, however, IVC injuries are highly fatal with mortality rates between 70 and 90%. This report describes the case of a patient with a blunt traumatic injury to the supradiaphragmatic IVC with development of a pseudoaneurysm who was successfully managed conservatively.
Micromagnetic simulation of pseudorandom sequences for equalized SNR estimations in longitudinal recording

Summary form only given. The determination of signal to noise (SNR) and signal to distortion (SDR) ratios is important in estimating bit error rate in recording systems. The effects of signed equalization also modify the relative contributions of SNR and SDR. In this paper, we simulate the recording of a 31 bit pseudorandom sequence (PRS) of data by writing with head fields derived from a finite element model (FEM) with an exponential risetime onto a longitudinal recording media. The media is modeled by an array of uniformly magnetized cubes and brought to equilibrium after discrete downtrack translations of the write head until the PRS is completed. The process is repeated 46 times with different easy axis distributions of the cubes (grains).
Measurement of self-evaluative motives: a shopping scenario.

Summary To develop measures of consumers' self-evaluative motives of Self-verification, Self-enhancement, and Self-improvement within the context of a mall shopping environment, an initial set of 49 items was generated by conducting three focus-group sessions. These items were subsequently converted into shopping-dependent motive statements. 250 undergraduate college students responded on a 7-point scale to each statement as these related to the acquisition of recent personal shopping goods. An exploratory factor analysis yielded five factors, accounting for 57.7% of the variance, three of which corresponded to the Self-verification motive (five items), Self-enhancement motive (three items), and Self-improvement motive (six items). These 14 items, along with 9 reconstructed items, yielded 23 items retained and subjected to additional testing. In a final round of data collection, 169 college students provided data for exploratory factor analysis. 11 items were used in confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis...
Bottom-up saliency is a discriminant process

A bottom-up visual saliency detector is proposed, following a decision-theoretic formulation of saliency, previously developed for top-down processing (object recognition) [5]. The saliency of a given location of the visual field is defined as the power of a Gabor-like feature set to discriminate between the visual appearance of 1) a neighborhood centered at that location (the center) and 2) a neighborhood that surrounds it (the surround). Discrimination is defined in an information-theoretic sense and the optimal saliency detector derived for a class of stimuli that complies with known statistical properties of natural images, so as to achieve a computationally efficient solution. The resulting saliency detector is shown to replicate the fundamental properties of the psychophysics of pre-attentive vision, including stimulus pop-out, inability to detect feature conjunctions, asymmetries with respect to feature presence vs. absence, and compliance with Weber's law. It is also shown that the detector produces better predictions of human eye fixations than two previously proposed bottom-up saliency detectors.
A 64 Mb SRAM in 32 nm High-k Metal-Gate SOI Technology With 0.7 V Operation Enabled by Stability, Write-Ability and Read-Ability Enhancements

A 64Mb SRAM macro is fabricated in a 32nm high-k metal-gate (HKMG) SOI technology [1]. Figure 14.1.1 shows the 0.154μm2 bitcell (BC). A 2× size reduction from the previous 45nm design [2] is enabled by an equal 2× reduction in BC area. No corner rounding of BC gates allows tighter overlay of gate electrode and active area. The introduction of HKMG provides a significant reduction in the equivalent oxide thickness, thereby reducing the Vt mismatch. This reduction allows aggressive scaling of device dimensions needed to achieve the small area footprint. A 0.7V VDD MIN operation is enabled by three assist features. Stability is improved by a bitline (BL) regulation scheme. Enhancements to the write path include an increase of 40% of BL boost voltage. Finally, a BC-tracking delay circuit improves both performance and yield across the process space.
Semiclassical calculation of the vibrational echo

The infrared echo measurement probes the time scales of the molecular motions that couple to a vibrational transition. Computation of the echo observable within rigorous quantum mechanics is problematic for systems with many degrees of freedom, motivating the development of semiclassical approximations to the nonlinear optical response. We present a semiclassical approximation to the echo observable, based on the Herman-Kluk propagator. This calculation requires averaging over a quantity generated by two pairs of classical trajectories and associated stability matrices, connected by a pair of phase-space jumps. Quantum, classical, and semiclassical echo calculations are compared for a thermal ensemble of noninteracting anharmonic oscillators. The semiclassical approach uses input from classical mechanics to reproduce the significant features of a complete, quantum mechanical calculation of the nonlinear response.
Delayed Presentation of Amiodarone Induced Thyrotoxicosis Following Heart Transplant

Introduction: Amiodarone is commonlyused in the advanced heart failure population for treatment of arrhythmias. Three to five percent of patients treatedwith amiodarone develop hyperthyroidism, most commonly Type II Amiodarone Induced Thyrotoxicosis (AIT) from destructive thyroiditis. There is little data available evaluating the prevalence of AIT in the transplant population or relatedmorbidity andmortality.Case Series: Approximately half of the patients transplanted at our center are treated with amiodarone prior to cardiac transplant. In the last 20 years, 87 patients received amiodarone prior to or immediately post transplant, and 5 patients developed thyroiditis following transplant (5.7 %). Four patients were treated with amiodarone for an average of 1.6 years prior to transplant, then discontinued at the time of transplant. One patient started amiodarone 5 days after transplant for atrial fibrillation and continued for1.8years.Onaverage, thyroid dysfunction was diagnosed 366 days after discontinuation of amiodarone. The mechanism of dysfunction was thought to be thyroiditis in each patient. Two patients underwent coronary angiography around the time of their diagnosis, so the iodine load may have contributed to an iodine induced thyrotoxicosis in addition to amiodarone. Patients received steroids as part