cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Librium prevents the analgesia and shuttlebox escape deficit typically observed following inescapable shock

Administration of a benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (CDP), prior to exposure to inescapable shock prevented both the long-term analgesia and the shuttle-escape deficit typically observed following inescapable shock. If given only prior to testing, CDP had little effect. The protective effects of CDP were determined not to be a result of state dependency or a general facilitatory effect of the drug on escape performance. It is suggested that the induction of anxiety or fear by inescapable shock is critical in mobilizing endogenous changes such as transmitter depletion which are thought to be responsible for the deficits observed.
Semi-global stabilization of linear systems with position and rate-limited actuators

Abstract It is shown that, if a linear system is asymptotically null-controllable with bounded controls, then, when subject to both actuator position and rate saturation, it is semi-globally stabilizable by linear state feedback. If, in addition, the system is also detectable, then it is semi-global stabilizable via linear output feedback.
INTEGRAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE MONODROMY GROUP OF THE HYPERKÄHLER RESOLUTION OF A SYMMETRIC PRODUCT OF A K3 SURFACE

Let S[n] be the Hilbert scheme of length n subschemes of a K3 surface S. H2(S[n],ℤ) is endowed with the Beauville–Bogomolov bilinear form. Denote by Mon the subgroup of GL[H*(S[n],ℤ)] generated by monodromy operators, and let Mon2 be its image in OH2(S[n],ℤ). We prove that Mon2 is the subgroup generated by reflections with respect to +2 and -2 classes (Theorem 1.2). Thus Mon2 does not surject onto OH2(S[n],ℤ)/(±1), when n - 1 is not a prime power. As a consequence, we get counterexamples to a version of the weight 2 Torelli question for hyperKahler varieties X deformation equivalent to S[n]. The weight 2 Hodge structure on H2(X,ℤ) does not determine the bimeromorphic class of X, whenever n - 1 is not a prime power (the first case being n = 7). There are at least 2ρ(n - 1) - 1 distinct bimeromorphic classes of X with a given generic weight 2 Hodge structure, where ρ(n - 1) is the Euler number of n - 1. The second main result states, that if a monodromy operator acts as the identity on H2(S[n],ℤ), then it acts as the identity on Hk(S[n],ℤ), 0 ≤ k ≤ n + 2 (Theorem 1.5). We conclude the injectivity of the restriction homomorphism Mon → Mon2, if n ≡ 0 or n ≡ 1 modulo 4 (Corollary 1.6).
Exploitation of incoherent source for partially coherent processing

In this paper we show that temporal and spatial coherence can be exploited from an incoherent source for complex amplitude processing. The method is by dispersing the spectral content and spatially encoding the incoherent source such that high temporal and desired spatial coherence can be obtained. To confirm our argument, experimental demonstrations are provided.
Changes in Color Temperature of Tungsten-Filament Lamps at Constant Voltage*

Seasoned lamps, operated at constant voltage, gradually decrease in color temperature because of evaporation of the filament. Since the current does not decrease enough to correspond to an appreciable change in filament temperature, this decrease in color temperature is ascribed in large part to the accumulation of the familiar brown film on the inside surface of the bulb. The size and shape of the bulb is, therefore, important; each type must be separately investigated. Results are given for five types. The effect of operating seasoned lamps is a gradual decrease in color temperature, linear with time, which, like the rate of evaporation of tungsten, was found for 400-watt projection lamps, to be nearly proportional to the thirtieth power of the temperature. The effect of seasoning new lamps for one hour at about rated voltage was a rise in color temperature from 3050° to about 3140°K, approximately half of which occurred in the first three minutes.
Atom-resolved surface chemistry studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy.

We have used scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to study the reaction of Si(111)- (7×7) with NH3. We have found that by use of topographs obtained at different energies, as well as atom-resolved spectra, reacted and unreacted surface sites can be imaged selectively. Thus we have been able to probe the spatial distribution of the surface reaction on an atom-by-atom basis. We find that there are significant differences in reactivity between the various dangling-bond sites on the Si(11l)-(7×7) surface. Specifically, rest-atom sites are more reactive than adatom sites and, moreover, center-adatom sites are more reactive than corner-adatom sites. We ascribe the reduced reactivity at adatom sites to the delocalized nature of their dangling-bond state. We suggest that a bonding interaction between adatoms and the Si atoms directly below them is responsible for this behavior—a suggestion supported by electronic-structure calculations. Thus, while reaction at a rest-atom site can be considered a dangling-bond saturation process, reaction at an adatom site involves the formation of a hypervalent (fivefold-coordinated) adatom. We tentatively ascribe the reactivity differences between center and corner adatoms to differences in the strain they induce upon reaction on the dimer bonds. Atom-resolved spectroscopy allows us to probe interactions and charge transfer between surface sites, and for the first time, we can directly observe how chemisorption affects the substrate electronic structure at neighboring unreacted sites.
Public support for the international economic organizations: Evidence from developing countries

Public opinions regarding the international economic organizations (IEOs; the IMF, World Bank, and WTO) are understudied. I contrast five lines of argument using a multi-country survey of developing countries, focusing on evaluations of the economy, skills, gender, and ideology and measures of involvement with the organizations themselves. At the individual level, respondents have negative views if they have negative views of the state of the economy. More educated respondents are more likely to have negative views of the IEOs. Women are more likely to have positive views of the IEOs than men. National levels of engagement with the IEOs also affect public evaluations of them. Evaluations of the state of the economy are more influential determinants of IEO evaluations in states that receive IMF and World Bank loans, as well as in states that are active in WTO dispute resolution.
Synthesis of the azaphilones using copper-mediated enantioselective oxidative dearomatization.

An approach to the asymmetric synthesis of the azaphilone natural products is reported involving copper-mediated enantioselective oxidative dearomatization of o-alkynylbenzaldehydes. The approach was successfully applied to the synthesis of (−)-S-15183a and several unnatural azaphilones.
The Ethics of Supporting Sports Teams

This paper examines two common motivations for supporting a team. Is either one of these motivations morally superior? More fundamentally, is any sporting team a worthy object of allegiance? The partisan is a loyal supporter of a team to which she may have a personal connection or which she may have grown to support by dint of mere familiarity. The purist, in contrast, supports the team that he thinks exemplifies the highest virtues of the game, but his allegiance is flexible. The ideal attitude for fans is that of the moderate partisan, who combines the admirable loyalty of the partisan fan with the purist's realization that teams that violate the rules or spirit of the game do not deserve our support. In response to objections that no team deserves our support, I argue that loyalty to a team is, like other particular allegiances, a prima facie good that entails no negative attitudes toward other teams and their fans. Moreover, teams that moderate partisans support are worthy objects of their fans' allegiance. Such teams strive for physical, intellectual and aesthetic excellence, while restraining their actions by the demands of morality. To support such teams is a positive virtue.
Fermions coupled to a conformal boundary: A generalization of the monopole-fermion system☆

Abstract We study a class of models in which N flavors of massless fermions on the half line are coupled by an arbitrary orthogonal matrix to N rotors living on the boundary. Integrating out the rotors, we find the exact partition function and Green's functions. We demonstrate that the coupling matrix must satisfy a certain rationality constraint, so there is an infinite, discrete set of possible coupling matrices. For one particular choice of the coupling matrix, this model reproduces the low-energy dynamics of fermions scattering from a magnetic monopole. A quick survey of the Green's functions shows that the S-matrix is nonunitary. This nonunitarity is present in previous results for the monopole-fermion system, although it appears not to have been noted. We indicate how unitarity may be restored by expanding the Fock space to include new states that are unavoidably introduced by the boundary interaction.
Order and disorder in calcium–silicate–hydrate

Despite advances in the characterization and modeling of cement hydrates, the atomic order in Calcium–Silicate–Hydrate (C–S–H), the binding phase of cement, remains an open question. Indeed, in contrast to the former crystalline model, recent molecular models suggest that the nanoscale structure of C–S–H is amorphous. To elucidate this issue, we analyzed the structure of a realistic simulated model of C–S–H, and compared the latter to crystalline tobermorite, a natural analogue of C–S–H, and to an artificial ideal glass. The results clearly indicate that C–S–H appears as amorphous, when averaged on all atoms. However, an analysis of the order around each atomic species reveals that its structure shows an intermediate degree of order, retaining some characteristics of the crystal while acquiring an overall glass-like disorder. Thanks to a detailed quantification of order and disorder, we show that, while C–S–H retains some signatures of a tobermorite-like layered structure, hydrated species are completely amorphous.
Binding selectivity of cucurbit[7]uril: bis(pyridinium)-1,4-xylylene versus 4,4'-bipyridinium guest sites.

The binding interactions between the host cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and a series of linear guests containing bis(pyridinium)-1,4-xylylene and/or 4,4‘-bipyridinium residues were investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. CB7 was found to exhibit considerable binding selectivity for bis(pyridinium)-1,4-xylylene over 4,4‘-bipyridinium sites. New pseudo-rotaxane and rotaxane compounds were synthesized utilizing the host−guest interactions between CB7 and the surveyed guests.
A Loop Current Intrusion Case Study on the West Florida Shelf

The Gulf of Mexico Loop Current intruded upon the West Florida continental shelf in June 2000. In situ currents and hydrography along with satellite temperature and altimetry measurements are used to describe this event and its effects on the shelf. A strong southward current is observed to flow along the shelf slope seaward of the intruded water boundary. This current transported cold, nutrient-rich water from the north, thereby producing anomalous hydrographic features near the shelf break (80-m isobath). An array of moored velocity profilers reveals that the currents landward of the intruded water are independent of the Loop Current and primarily driven by local winds. A series of idealized numerical model simulations inclusive of forcing by both the Loop Current and local winds confirm the observational findings that the shelfbreak currents are largely Loop Current controlled while the shelf currents are largely controlled by the local winds.
Aperture Sampling Techniques for Precision Direction Finding

The resolution and tracking of radar targets which are close to. gether is a classical problem which is receiving increased attention. Improving the angular resolution by sampling the received wave front along the aperture and then applying modern "high resolution" spectrum estimation techniques (e. g., maximum likelihood and maximum entropy processing) to the spatial sample data is discussed. Experimental results are presented for the application ion of these techniques to field data from a L- band line array.
Extensions to Starburst: objects, types, functions and rules

Starburst is a research prototype of an extensible relational database management system that is under development at the IBM Almaden Research Center. Through extensions to Starburst, we are incorporating the advanced structuring and data behavior features offered by object-oriented database management systems, while retaining the significant gains in data independence and data integrity of the relational model and upward compatibility with its standard access language, SQL. Some of the advanced features supported by Starburst extensions, described in this paper, include hierarchies of user-defined types and functions, large unstructured and structured complex objects, and user-defined rules to respond to changes in the database.
Growth, CO2 consumption and H2 production of Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413-U under different irradiances and CO2 concentrations.

Author(s): Berberoglu, Halil; Barra, Natasha; Pilon, Laurent; Jay, Jenny | Abstract: Aims: The objective of this study is to develop kinetic models based on batch experiments describing the growth, CO2 consumption, and H2 production of Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413-U as functions of irradiance and CO2 concentration.Methods and Results: A parametric experimental study is performed for irradiances from 1120 to 16100 lux and for initial CO2 mole fractions from 0.03 to 0.20 in argon at pH 7.0 with nitrate in the medium. Kinetic models are successfully developed based on the Monod model and on a novel scaling analysis employing the CO2 consumption half-time as the time scale.Conclusions: Monod models predict the growth, CO2 consumption, and O2 production within 30%. Moreover, the CO2 consumption half-time is an appropriate time scale for analyzing all experimental data. In addition, the optimum initial CO2 mole fraction is 0.05 for maximum growth and CO2 consumption rates. Finally, the saturation irradiance is determined to be 5,170 lux for CO2 consumption and growth whereas, the maximum H2 production rate occurs around 10,000 lux.Significance and Impact: The study presents kinetic models predicting the growth, CO2 consumption,and H2 production of A.variabilis. The experimental and scaling analysis methods can be generalized to other microorganisms.
Steady-state kinetics of the catalytic reduction of nitrogen dioxide by carbon monoxide on platinum

The steady-state kinetics of the reduction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with carbon monoxide (CO) on a polycrystalline platinum foil have been investigated using reactant pressures between 1 × 10−7 and 5 × 10−6 Torr. At temperatures less than 400 K, the primary products formed are carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxide (NO). The CO2 formation rate at temperatures less than 400 K is at least an order of magnitude greater for this reaction than for those of either CO + O2 or CO + NO under similar reaction conditions. The reaction rate is first-order in CO pressure when PCOPNO2 1. The activation energy when PCOPNO2 = 0.10 is 7.2 kcal mole−1 which is consistent with the activation energy for CO + O2 under similar conditions. However, when PCOPNO2 = 1.5, the activation energy is only 4.3 kcal mole−1. This value is 29 kcal mole−1 lower than the activation energy for CO + O2 at low temperatures when the reaction is first-order in the oxidant. Consistent reaction mechanisms for both regimes are proposed based upon recent reports of the chemisorption of NO2 on Pt surfaces.
An instanton toolbox for F-theory model building

Several dimensionful parameters needed for model building can be engineered in a certain class of SU(5) F-theory GUTs by adding extra singlet fields which are localized along pairwise intersections of D7-branes. The values of these parameters, however, depend on dynamics external to the GUT which causes the singlets to acquire suitable masses or expectation values. In this note, we demonstrate that D3-instantons which wrap one of the intersecting D7’s can provide precisely the needed dynamics to generate several important scales, including the supersymmetry-breaking scale and the right-handed neutrino mass. Furthermore, these instantons seem unable to directly generate the μ term suggesting that, at least in this class of models, it should perhaps be tied to one of the other scales in the problem. More specifically, we study the simple system consisting of a pair of D7-branes wrapping del Pezzo surfaces which intersect along a curve Σ of genus 0 or 1 and classify all instanton configurations which can potentially contribute to the superpotential. This allows one to formulate topological conditions which must be imposed on Σ for various model-building applications.
Random Cascades on Wavelet Trees and Their Use in Analyzing and Modeling Natural Images

Abstract We develop a new class of non-Gaussian multiscale stochastic processes defined by random cascades on trees of multiresolution coefficients. These cascades reproduce a semiparametric class of random variables known as Gaussian scale mixtures, members of which include many of the best known, heavy-tailed distributions. This class of cascade models is rich enough to accurately capture the remarkably regular and non-Gaussian features of natural images, but also sufficiently structured to permit the development of efficient algorithms. In particular, we develop an efficient technique for estimation, and demonstrate in a denoising application that it preserves natural image structure (e.g., edges). Our framework generates global yet structured image models, thereby providing a unified basis for a variety of applications in signal and image processing, including image denoising, coding, and super-resolution.
Democracy, rent seeking, public spending and growth

Abstract Does democratization imply faster growth, less corruption and less inefficiency? Past studies yield ambiguous results on the effects of democracy on economic performance and growth. We develop a simple two-sector endogenous growth model that shows both very young and mature democracies grow faster than countries in mid stages of democratization, producing a ‘U’ effect. This effect results from the pattern of rent seeking as it diverts from the provision of public goods. Rent-seekers act as monopolistic competitors. Initially, more democracy increases their number, raising aggregate rents. However, rents per rent-seeker fall with the number of rent seekers. Due to this crowding effect and the increased competition among rent seekers, aggregate rents fall in mature democracies. Thus, rents show an ‘inverted-U’ effect in relation to democracy. We find fairly robust supportive evidence for the latter.
Walking a tightrope: the joint impact of customer and within-firm boundary spanning activities on perceived customer satisfaction and team performance

To successfully satisfy large customers and meet financial objectives, dedicated sales teams need to manage two boundaries: a boundary within the selling firm and one with the customer organization. However, little is known about the process of managing these multiple boundaries. This study integrates job demands-resource theory with research on key account management and sales teams to examine (1) the main effect of customer boundary spanning on perceived customer satisfaction and team performance and (2) the moderating role of within-firm coordination activities at three levels: top management, cross-functional, and within-team. An empirical test of the model with data from 167 sales teams finds that the interaction between customer boundary spanning and within-firm coordination activities has opposite effects on perceived customer satisfaction and team performance outcomes. The results are robust to endogeneity and heteroskedasticity concerns.
What Does Control Theory Have to Offer

5W, 5 E INTRODUCE a few definitions. We have a system, in our examples simple linear difference or differential equations connecting certain inputs and outputs. There is a control variable which should enable us to produce some desired output. The output is the controlled variable. Open loop control exists where the output has no effect upon the input. Feedback provides the means of feeding back the output in order to enable a comparison with the desired output. Closed loop control means a system where output has effect on the input in order to obtain the desired result. Adaptive systems take change^in the environment into account, especially stochastic variations.
The NASA-Langley building solar project and the supporting Lewis solar technology program☆

Abstract The National Aeronautics and Space Administration will use solar energy to heat and cool a new office building that is now under construction at its Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. Planned for completion in December 1975, the 53,000 ft 2 , single story building will utilize 15,000 ft 2 of various types of solar collectors in a test bed to provide nearly all of the heating demand and over half of the air conditioning demand. This is a cooperative project involving joint participation between Langley and NASA's Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. Drawing on its space-program-developed skills and resources in heat transfer, materials and systems studies, NASA-Lewis will provide technology support for the Langley building project. A solar energy technology program underway at Lewis includes solar collector testing in an indoor solar simulator facility and in an outdoor test facility, property measurements of solar panel coatings, and operation of a laboratory-scale solar model system test facility. Based on results obtained in this program, NASA-Lewis will select and procure the solar collectors for the Langley test bed. The selection will be made in late 1974 or early 1975. Early results from simulator tests indicate that non-selective coatings behave more nearly in accord with predicted performance than do selective coatings. Initial experiments on the decay rate of thermally stratified hot water in a storage tank have been run. Results suggest that where high temperature water is required to drive a chiller, excess solar energy collected by a building solar system should be stored overnight in the form of chilled water rather than hot water.
Development of a Procedure for Estimating the High Cycle Fatigue Strength of Some High Temperature Structural Alloys

The generation of strain controlled fatigue data, for the standard strain rate of 4 x 10/sup -3/ sec/sup -1/, presents a problem when the cycles to failure exceed 10/sup 5/ because of the prohibitively long test times involved. In an attempt to circumvent this difficulty an evaluation has been made of a test procedure involving a fast cycling rate (40 Hz) and load controlled conditions. The validity of this procedure for extending current fatigue curves from 10/sup 5/ to 10/sup 8/ cycles and beyond, hinges upon the selection of an appropriate effective strain value, since the strain usually changes rapidly during the early stage of fatigue. Results from annealed 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo, type 304 stainless steel, Incoloy 800H and Hastelloy X, tested over a wide range of temperatures, show that the strain measured N/sub f/2 is a reasonable estimate since it gives an excellent correlation between the strain and load controlled tests in the 10/sup 5/ cycle range where the data overlap. It seems clear that the differences in cycling rate and early stress-strain history for the two tests do not significantly affect the correlation. It may, therefore, be concluded that such load control test procedures may be usedmore » as a valid fast way for extending currently available fatigue curves from 10/sup 5/ to 10/sup 8/ cycles, and beyond.« less
The electrochemistry of noble metal electrodes in aprotic organic solvents containing lithium salts

Abstract The electrochemical behavior of various non-aqueous organic electrolyte systems has been investigated using inert metal electrodes. The systems studied included propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and tetrahydrofuran solutions of LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiSO 3 CF 3 and Bu 4 NClO 4 . The electrode metals included polycrystalline gold and silver. Various techniques including cyclic voltammetry, FTIR and XPS were used to characterize the main electrochemical reactions that occur in these systems. Several separate film forming processes have been identified, including reduction of solvent, the salt, and traces of oxygen and water. The surface films formed in these processes lead to the apparent stability of these systems at low potentials. Li UPD was also examined and was found to be controlled by the nature of the surface films through which lithium is deposited.
The quenched approximation in health and in sickness

Abstract We present results for physical quantities computed in quenched chiral perturbation theory and compare them with the corresponding unquenched expressions. We also point out an apparent theoretical problem of the quenched approximation.
Schramm–Loewner Equations Driven by Symmetric Stable Processes

We consider shape, size and regularity of the hulls Kt of the chordal Schramm–Loewner evolution driven by a symmetric α-stable process. We obtain derivative estimates, show that the domains \({\mathbb{H}{\setminus}K_{t}}\) are Holder domains, prove that Kt has Hausdorff dimension 1, and show that the trace is right-continuous with left limits almost surely.
Piezoresistivity in semiconducting positive temperature coefficient ceramics

The experimental and theoretical aspects of piezoresistivity in semiconducting, positive temperature coefficient (PTC) of resistivity ceramics will be reviewed. Emphasis will be placed on their potential application in sensor technology. Future material and modeling challenges are highlighted.
Global Nonradial Instabilities of Dynamically Collapsing Gas Spheres

Self-similar solutions provide good descriptions for the gravitational collapse of spherical clouds or stars when the gas obeys a polytropic equation of state, p = Kργ (with γ ≤ 4/3, and γ = 1 corresponds to isothermal gas). We study the behaviors of nonradial (nonspherical) perturbations in the similarity solutions of Larson, Penston, and Yahil, which describe the evolution of the collapsing cloud prior to core formation. Our global stability analysis reveals the existence of unstable bar modes (l = 2) when γ ≤ 1.09. In particular, for the collapse of isothermal spheres, which applies to the early stages of star formation, the l = 2 density perturbation relative to the background, δρ(,t)/ρ(r,t), increases as (t0 - t)-0.352 ρc(t)0.176, where t0 denotes the epoch of core formation, and ρc(t) is the cloud central density. Thus, the isothermal cloud tends to evolve into an ellipsoidal shape (prolate bar or oblate disk, depending on initial conditions) as the collapse proceeds. This shape deformation may facilitate fragmentation of the cloud. In the context of Type II supernovae, core collapse is described by the γ 1.3 equation of state, and our analysis indicates that there is no growing mode (with density perturbation) in the collapsing core before the protoneutron star forms, although nonradial perturbations can grow during the subsequent accretion of the outer core and envelope onto the neutron star. We also carry out a global stability analysis for the self-similar expansion-wave solution found by Shu, which describes the postcollapse accretion (inside-out collapse) of isothermal gas onto a protostar. We show that this solution is unstable to perturbations of all l's, although the growth rates are unknown.
Tropical cycles and Chow polytopes

The Chow polytope of an algebraic cycle in a torus depends only on its tropicalisation. Generalising this, we associate a Chow polytope to any abstract tropical variety X in a tropicalised toric variety: the normal tropical hypersurface to this Chow polytope is the Minkowski sum of X and a reflected skeleton of the fan of the toric variety. Several significant polyhedra associated to tropical varieties are special cases of our Chow polytope. We show also that Chow polytope subdivisions do not fully distinguish the combinatorial types of tropical variety, and record a proof of the equivalence of two standard definitions of tropical linear spaces.
Hegemony, modernisation and post-war reconstruction

This paper seeks to understand some of the fundamental continuities between post-Second World War US-led reconstruction and the current (and thus far largely failed) attempt to effect a reconstruction process in Iraq. It argues that behind the rhetoric of benign rehabilitation lies the realpolitik of hegemonic interest. It finds that atheoretical and ahistorical analyses predominate in the study and execution of the post-war reconstruction industry. Focusing on technocratic “how to” solutions rather than “why” has produced anodyne conclusions, typified by uncritical pragmatism and bland admonition. This article argues that the hegemon uses post-war reconstruction processes as an opportunity to preserve and extend an international order friendly to its principles, its security and its prosperity. * In preparing this paper, the author benefited greatly from the comments and suggestions of Dr Roger Mac Ginty, Dr Oliver Richmond and Dr Robert Jacoby.
Molecular Hydrogen Emission Lines in Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer Observations of Mira B

We present new Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) observations of Mira A's wind-accreting companion star, Mira B. We find that the strongest lines in the FUSE spectrum are H2 lines fluoresced by H I Lyα. A previously analyzed Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spectrum also shows numerous Lyα-fluoresced H2 lines. The HST lines are all Lyman band lines, while the FUSE H2 lines are mostly Werner band lines, many of them never before identified in an astrophysical spectrum. We combine the FUSE and HST data to refine estimates of the physical properties of the emitting H2 gas. We find that the emission can be reproduced by an H2 layer with a temperature and column density of T = 3900 K and log N(H2) = 17.1, respectively. Another similarity between the HST and FUSE data, besides the prevalence of H2 emission, is the surprising weakness of the continuum and high-temperature emission lines, suggesting that accretion onto Mira B has weakened dramatically. The UV fluxes observed by HST on 1999 August 2 were previously reported to be over an order of magnitude lower than those observed by HST and the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) from 1979-1995. Analysis of the FUSE data reveals that Mira B was still in a similarly low state on 2001 November 22.
Extracellular matrix-regulated gene expression requires cooperation of SWI/SNF and transcription factors.

Extracellular cues play crucial roles in the transcriptional regulation of tissue-specific genes, but whether and how these signals lead to chromatin remodeling is not understood and subject to debate. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and mammary-specific genes as models, we show here that extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and prolactin cooperate to induce histone acetylation and binding of transcription factors and the SWI/SNF complex to the {beta}- and ?-casein promoters. Introduction of a dominant negative Brg1, an ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF complex, significantly reduced both {beta}- and ?-casein expression, suggesting that SWI/SNF-dependent chromatin remodeling is required for transcription of mammary-specific genes. ChIP analyses demonstrated that the ATPase activity of SWI/SNF is necessary for recruitment of RNA transcriptional machinery, but not for binding of transcription factors or for histone acetylation. Coimmunoprecipitation analyses showed that the SWI/SNF complex is associated with STAT5, C/EBP{beta}, and glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Thus, ECM- and prolactin-regulated transcription of the mammary-specific casein genes requires the concerted action of chromatin remodeling enzymes and transcription factors.
C*-algebraic intertwiners for degenerate principal series of special linear groups

The author constructs unitary intertwiners for degenerate C*-algebraic universal principal series of SL(n + 1) over a local field by explicitely normalizing standard intertwining integrals at the level of Hilbert modules.
An Examination of Long-Term Abnormal Stock Returns and Operating Performance Following R&D Increases

We examine a sample of 8,313 cases, between 1951 and 2001, where firms unexpectedly increase their research and development (R&D) expenditures by a significant amount. We find consistent evidence of a misreaction, as manifested in the significantly positive abnormal stock returns that our sample firms' shareholders experience following these increases. We also find consistent evidence that our sample firms experience significantly positive long-term abnormal operating performance following their R&D increases. Our findings suggest that R&D increases are beneficial investments, and that the market is slow to recognize the extent of this benefit (consistent with investor underreaction).
Feasibility of a polarized deuteron beam in the AGS and RHIC

The possibility of accelerating polarized deuterons in the AGS and RHIC is discussed. In the AGS, the polarized deuteron can be accelerated up to 15 GeV/c/u without depolarization. In RHIC, the snakes designed for use in accelerating polarized protons are applicable as partial snakes in inducing spin flip to overcome the imperfection resonances. Gradient error resonances in RHIC are found to be negligible. Difficulties arise from intrinsic resonances in RHIC, which limit the polarized deuteron collision energy to γ ≤ 29 or to an energy less than 27.2 GeV/u, if corrections are not made. A type 3 snake is found to be impractical for a spin tune jump. Betatron tune jump by using quadrupoles or induced betatron oscillations may be used to jump through intrinsic resonances. The achievable luminosity is found to about 2 × 1030 cm−2 s−1 at γ ≈ 30. If intrinsic resonances can be overcome, one expects to obtain higher energy and higher luminosity.
Modular architecture of the hexameric human mitochondrial DNA helicase.

Abstract We have probed the structure of the human mitochondrial DNA helicase, an enzyme that uses the energy of nucleotide hydrolysis to unwind duplex DNA during mitochondrial DNA replication. This novel helicase shares substantial amino acid sequence and functional similarities with the bacteriophage T7 primase-helicase. We show in velocity sedimentation and gel filtration analyses that the mitochondrial DNA helicase exists as a hexamer. Limited proteolysis by trypsin results in the production of several stable fragments, and N-terminal sequencing reveals distinct N and C-terminal polypeptides that represent minimal structural domains. Physical analysis of the proteolytic products defines the region required to maintain oligomeric structure to reside within amino acid residues ∼405–590. Truncations of the N and C termini affect differentially DNA-dependent ATPase activity, and whereas a C-terminal domain polypeptide is functional, an N-terminal domain polypeptide lacks ATPase activity. Sequence similarity and secondary structural alignments combined with biochemical data suggest that amino acid residue R609 serves as the putative arginine finger that is essential for ATPase activity in ring helicases. The hexameric conformation and modular architecture revealed in our study document that the mitochondrial DNA helicase and bacteriophage T7 primase-helicase share physical features. Our findings place the mitochondrial DNA helicase firmly in the DnaB-like family of replicative DNA helicases.
Representing sets with constant time equality testing

Abstract Most data structures for sets efficiently implement the operations insert, delete, and member so that a sequence of N such operations has a total complexity of O(N log N). However, if we additionally allow the operation equal(Si, Sj), which tests whether or not two sets Si and Sj are equal, the total complexity of N operations can be as much as O(N2). In this paper we introduce two new set representations that efficiently implement the operations insert, delete, member, and equal on sets. Both representations support equality testing in constant time. The first representation has O(log N + k) worst case time complexity per operation (other than equality), where N is the number of operations and k is the number of nonempty sets at the time of the operation. It has space complexity O(N + k2). When k is known to be less than log N, this representation is time and space efficient. Furthermore, it also supports the operation subset (Si, Sj), which tests whether or not Si is a subset of Sj, in constant time. The second representation has O((log N)2) worst case time complexity per operation (other than equality) and space complexity of O(N log N). A variant on this scheme has expected amortized time complexity of O(log N) per operation and space complexity of O(N log N).
Analyticity and the holographic S-matrix

We derive a simple relation between the Mellin amplitude for AdS/CFT correlation functions and the bulk S-Matrix in the flat spacetime limit, proving a conjecture of Penedones. As a consequence of the Operator Product Expansion, the Mellin amplitude for any unitary CFT must be a meromorphic function with simple poles on the real axis. This provides a powerful and suggestive handle on the locality vis-a-vis analyticity properties of the S-Matrix. We begin to explore analyticity by showing how the familiar poles and branch cuts of scattering amplitudes arise from the holographic description. For this purpose we compute examples of Mellin amplitudes corresponding to 1-loop and 2-loop Witten diagrams in AdS. We also examine the flat spacetime limit of conformal blocks, implicitly relating the S-Matrix program to the Bootstrap program for CFTs. We use this connection to show how the existence of small black holes in AdS leads to a universal prediction for the conformal block decomposition of the dual CFT.
Malarial Parasites Accumulate Labile Zinc Pools

The malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum , is an intracellular pathogen and partially dependent on nutrient uptake for survival. In this issue of Chemistry & Biology , Marvin et al. demonstrate that zinc is essential for parasite growth and that the parasite maintains substantial labile cytosolic and mitochondrial zinc pools.
Core Noise Measurements on a YF-102 Turbofan Engine

Core noise from a YF-102 high bypass ratio turbofan engine was investigated through the use of simultaneous measurements of internal fluctuating pressures and far field noise. Acoustic waveguide probes, located in the engine at the compressor exit, in the combustor, at the turbine exit, and in the core nozzle, were employed to measure internal fluctuating pressures. Spectra showed that the internal signals were free of tones, except at high frequency where machinery noise was present. Data obtained over a wide range of engine conditions suggest that below 60% of maximum fan speed the low frequency core noise contributes significantly to the far field noise.
A remark on closed noncommutative subspaces

Given an abelian category with arbitrary products, arbitrary coproducts, and a generator, we show that the closed subspaces (in the sense of A. L. Rosenberg) are parameterized by a suitably defined poset of ideals in the generator. In particular, the collection of closed subspaces is itself a small poset.
Simulating synchronized clocks and common knowledge in distributed systems

Time and knowledge are studied in synchronous and asynchronous distributed systems. A large class of problems that can be solved using logical clocks as if they were perfectly synchronized clocks is formally characterized. For the same class of problems, a broadcast primitive that can be used as if it achieves common knowledge is also proposed. Thus, logical clocks and the broadcast primitive simplify the task of designing and verifying distributed algorithms: The designer can assume that processors have access to perfectly synchronized clocks and the ability to achieve common knowledge.
New Fluorophores Based on Trifluorenylamine with Very Large Intrinsic Three-Photon Absorption Cross Sections

A new fluorophore, tri(9,9-diethyl-9H-fluorenyl)amine, was synthesized by the Buchwald−Hartwig reaction of 2-aminofluorene, and based on this molecule three more fluorophores were prepared that exhibit a very large intrinsic three-photon absorption in the near-IR region, which scales as a third power of the bridge length.
Compact conformal manifolds

This work was partly supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grants DOE-SC0010008, DOE-ARRA-SC0003883 and DOE-DE-SC0007897.
Deception and Retribution in Repeated Ultimatum Bargaining.

This paper investigates the dynamics of deception and retribution in repeated ultimatum bargaining. Anonymous dyads exchanged messages and offers in a series of four ultimatum bargaining games that had prospects for relatively large monetary outcomes. Variations in each party's knowledge of the other's resources and alternatives created opportunities for deception. Revelation of prior unknowns exposed deceptions and created opportunities for retribution in subsequent interactions. Results showed that although proposers and responders chose deceptive strategies almost equally, proposers told more outright lies. Both were more deceptive when their private information was never revealed, and proposers were most deceptive when their potential profits were largest. Revelation of proposers' lies had little effect on their subsequent behavior even though responders rejected their offers more than similar offers from truthful proposers or proposers whose prior deceit was never revealed. The discussion and conclusions address the dynamics of deception and retribution in repeated bargaining interactions.
Electron cooling for the Fermilab recycler

In all scenarios of the possible Tevatron upgrades, luminosity is essentially proportional to the number of antiprotons. Thus, a tenfold increase in luminosity could be achieved by putting five times more protons on the antiproton production target and gaining an additional factor of two from recycling antiprotons left over from the previous store. Stacking and storing ten times more antiprotons puts an unbearable burden on the stochastic cooling system of the existing accumulator ring. Thus, one is led to consider an additional stage of antiproton storage, the so called recycler ring. Electron cooling of the 8 GeV antiprotons in the recycler could provide an attractive way around the problems of large stacks. Such a system would look much like the IUCF proposal to cool 12 GeV protons in the SSC medium energy booster [1]. Although electron cooling has now become a routine tool in many laboratories, its use has been restricted to lower energy accelerators (<500 MeV/nucleon). An R&D program is currently under way at Fermilab to extend electron cooling technology to the GeV range. This paper describes the electron cooling system design as well as the recycler ring parameters required to accommodate this system.
A Parallel Planar Generalized Yee-Algorithm for the Analysis of Microwave Circuit Devices

The planar generalized Yee (PGY) algorithm is an extension of the generalized Yee algorithm and the discrete surface integral (DSI) methods, which are based on explicit time-marching solutions of Maxwell's equations. Specifically, the PGY algorithm exploits the planar symmetries of printed microwave circuit devices, achieving great savings in both CPU time and memory. Since the PGY algorithm is an explicit method, it has a high degree of parallelism. To this end, a highly scalable parallel algorithm based on a spatial decomposition of the general unstructured mesh is presented. Two spatial decompositions are compared, the recursive inertia partitioning (RIP) algorithm and the Greedy algorithm. The Greedy algorithm provides optimal load balance, whereas the RIP algorithm more effectively minimizes shared boundary interface lengths. Through numerical examples, It is demostrated that the Greedy algorithm provides superior speedups. It is also demonstrated that the parallel PGY algorithm is a highly scalable algorithm.
Brazil: Widening the scope for balanced growth

Abstract The paper explores issues bearing upon the growth process in Brazil, assessing the importance of constraints on growth and the scope of government policies designed to attenuate them in the coming years. The workings of the economy are described in a simple model which highlights how trade liberalization, The new pattern of public spending, and environmental conservation policies may affect growth possibilities. Medium-term prospects are examined using the model, first without considering the effects of environmental policies and then taking them into account.
The giant inflaton

We investigate a new mechanism for realizing slow roll inflation in string theory, based on the dynamics of p anti-D3 branes in a class of mildly warped flux compactifications. Attracted to the bottom of a warped conifold throat, the anti-branes then cluster due to a novel mechanism wherein the background flux polarizes in an attempt to screen them. Once they are sufficiently close, the M units of flux cause the anti-branes to expand into a fuzzy NS5-brane, which for rather generic choices of p/M will unwrap around the geometry, decaying into D3-branes via a classical process. We find that the effective potential governing this evolution possesses several epochs that can potentially support slow-roll inflation, provided the process can be arranged to take place at a high enough energy scale, of about one or two orders of magnitude below the Planck energy; this scale, however, lies just outside the bounds of our approximations.
The Structure of Exchange in Barter and Monetary Economies

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the structure of exchange in barter and monetary economies. A model is considered of two closely related economies. The focus is not on the existence and determination of equilibrium prices, the initial concern of most general equilibrium analysis, but rather on the nature of the transactions that take place once the prices have been determined and are taken as given. One economy is a traditional pure exchange barter economy. The second is an identical economy except that an additional commodity is introduced. In a classical dichotomy world, money may facilitate commerce, and certainly does not impede it. One can show this by the ingenuous approach of describing a barter exchange and simply noting that a monetary exchange identical to the barter exchange except that there is an appropriate N+1st element in each row is a monetary exchange that has all the qualities of the barter exchange from which it was derived.
Validation of a Numerical Method for Unsteady Flow Calculations

This paper describes and validates a numerical method for the calculation of unsteady inviscid and viscous flows. A companion paper compares experimental measurements of unsteady heat transfer on a transonic rotor with the corresponding computational results. The mathematical model is the Reynolds-averaged unsteady Navier-Stokes equations for a compressible ideal gas. Quasi-three-dimensionality is included through the use of a variable streamtube thickness. The numerical algorithm is unusual in two respects: (a) For reasons of efficiency and flexibility, it uses a hybrid Navier-Stokes/Euler method, and (b) to allow for the computation of stator/rotor combinations with arbitrary pitch ratio, a novel space-time coordinate transformation is used. Several test cases are presented to validate the performance of the computer program, UNSFLO. These include: (a) unsteady, inviscid flat plate cascade flows (b) steady and unsteady, viscous flat plate cascade flows, (c) steady turbine heat transfer and loss prediction. In the first two sets of cases comparisons are made with theory, and in the third the comparison is with experimental data.