cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential control of glucoregulatory hormone response and glucose metabolism by NMDA and kainate.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of kainate and N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA), two different excitatory amino acid (EAA) agonists, on glucoregulatory hormone production and whole body glucose metabolism. Rates of hepatic glucose production (HGP) and peripheral glucose utilization (GU) were assessed in overnight fasted, catheterized, conscious rats using [3-3H]glucose. At the highest dose of kainate examined (16 mg/kg), glucose levels increased 97% after 1 h; thereafter, glucose fell towards basal values but was still elevated 25% at the end of the 3 h experiment. This hyperglycemia resulted from a rapid increase in HGP that exceeded an increased rate of GU. Both HGP and GU were elevated 86% throughout the final 2 h of the experiment. NMDA induced changes in glucose flux that were qualitatively similar, yet of smaller magnitude and of shorter duration, than those produced by kainate. Kainate-induced increases in glucose metabolism were associated with an early transient hyperinsulinemia followed by a period of insulinopenia, and sustained increases in the plasma concentrations of glucagon, corticosterone, epinephrine and norepinephrine. In contrast, sustained increases in glucagon and catecholamines, as well as the late hypoinsulinemia were not detected in NMDA-treated rats. Adrenergic blockade attenuated the kainate- but not the NMDA-induced increase in glucose metabolism. These results indicate that EAA agonists that bind preferentially to different receptor subtypes produce qualitatively similar changes in glucose metabolism. Whereas the increased HGP in kainate-injected rats was associated with sustained elevations in glucagon, catecholamines and corticosterone, NMDA only transiently elevated circulating glucocorticoid levels, suggesting a different mechanism of action. These data, support the involvement of EAA in various aspects of glucoregulation.
Freeze-etch observations of rat lung.

The freeze-etch technique was used to study the fine structure of the terminal respiratory membranes of rat lung. Special emphasis was given to the ultrastructure of the type II alveolar cell and its role in formation of the surface active material. Our morphological evidence supports the theory that membrane-bound multivesicular bodies in the cytoplasm of type II cells accumulate phospholipid material to form lamellar structures which are extruded onto the alveolar surface as one of the components of the surface active material. Subsequent loss of the lamellar configuration in the surface active layer is discussed. Electron micrographs demonstrate numerous microindentations that extend into the base of alveolar cells and help establish a close relation with the basal lamella.
Why g matters: The complexity of everyday life

Personnel selection research provides much evidence that intelligence (g) is an important predictor of performance in training and on the job, especially in higher level work. This article provides evidence that g has pervasive utility in work settings because it is essentially the ability to deal with cognitive complexity, in particular, with complex information processing. The more complex a work task, the greater the advantages that higher g confers in performing it well. Everyday tasks, like job duties, also differ in their level of complexity. The importance of intelligence therefore differs systematically across different arenas of social life as well as economic endeavor. Data from the National Adult Literacy Survey are used to show how higher levels of cognitive ability systematically improve individual's odds of dealing successfully with the ordinary demands of modern life (such as banking, using maps and transportation schedules, reading and understanding forms, interpreting news articles). These and other data are summarized to illustrate how the advantages of higher g, even when they are small, cumulate to affect the overall life chances of individuals at different ranges of the IQ bell curve. The article concludes by suggesting ways to reduce the risks for low-IQ individuals of being left behind by an increasingly complex postindustrial economy.
Rapid climate change and conditional instability of the glacial deep ocean from the thermobaric effect and geothermal heating

Previous results from deep-sea pore fluid data demonstrate that the glacial deep ocean was filled with salty, cold water from the South. This salinity stratification of the ocean allows for the possible accumulation of geothermal heat in the deep-sea and could result in a water column with cold fresh water on top of warm salty water and with a corresponding increase in potential energy. For an idealized 4000 dbar two-layer water column, we calculate that there are ∼10^6J/m^2 (∼0.2J/kg) of potential energy available when a 0.4 psu salinity contrast is balanced by a ∼2°C temperature difference. This salt-based storage of heat at depth is analogous to Convectively Available Potential Energy (CAPE) in the atmosphere. The "thermobaric effect" in the seawater equation of state can cause this potential energy to be released catastrophically. Because deep ocean stratification was dominated by salinity at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the glacial climate is more sensitive to charging this "thermobaric capacitor" and can plausibly explain many aspects of the record of rapid climate change. Our mechanism could account for the grouping of Dansgaard/Oeschger events into Bond Cycles and for the different patterns of warming observed in ice cores from separate hemispheres.
Spatial Differences in Multi‐Resolution Urban Automata Modeling

The last decade has seen a renaissance in spatial modeling. Increased computational power and the greater availability of spatial data have aided in the creation of new modeling techniques for studying and predicting the growth of cities and urban areas. Cellular automata is one modeling technique that has become widely used and cited in the literature; yet there are still some very basic questions that need to be answered with regards to the use of these models, specifically relating to the spatial resolution during calibration and how it can impact model forecasts. Using the SLEUTH urban growth model (Clarke et al. 1997), urban growth for San Joaquin County (CA) is projected using three different spatial grains, based on four calibration routines, and the spatial differences between the model outputs are examined. Model outputs show that calibration at finer scaled data results in different parameter sets, and forecasting of urban growth in areas that was not captured through the use of more coarse data.
Correlations of Shyness with Depression, Anxiety, and Academic Performance:

The present study investigated the correlation of shyness with depression, anxiety, and academic performance (N = 187). As reported previously, shyness was positively correlated with anxiety and depression. However, shy people tended to have higher grade point averages than nonshy people. The author suggests that the attainment of high grades may play a maintaining role in the avoidance of social interaction. Further research is needed.
Burn injury dampens erythroid cell production through reprioritizing bone marrow hematopoietic response.

BACKGROUND: : Anemia in burn patients is due to surgical blood loss and anemia of critical illness. Because the commitment paradigm of common bone marrow progenitors dictates the production of erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid cells, we hypothesized that skewed bone marrow lineage commitment decreases red cell production and causes anemia after a burn injury. METHODS: : After anesthesia, B6D2F1 mice received a 15% total body surface area dorsal scald burn. The sham group did not receive scald burn. Femoral bone marrow was harvested on 2, 5, 7, 14, and 21 postburn days (PBD). Total bone marrow cells were labeled with specific antibodies to erythroid (CD71/Ter119), myeloid (CD11b), and lymphoid (CD19) lineages and analyzed by flow cytometry. To test whether erythropoietin (EPO) could increase red blood cell production, EPO was administered to sham and burn animals and their reticulocyte response was measured on PBD 2 and PBD 7. RESULTS: : Burn injury reduced the erythroid cells of the bone marrow from 35% in sham to 17% by PBD 5 and remained at similar level until PBD 21. Myeloid cells, however, increased from 42% in sham to 60% on PBD 5 and 77% on PBD 21. Burn injury reduced reticulocyte counts on PBD 2 and PBD 7 indicating that the erythroid compartment is severely depleted. This depleted compartment, however, responded to EPO but was not sufficient to change red cell production. CONCLUSION: : Burn injury skews the bone marrow hematopoietic commitment away from erythroid and toward myeloid cells. Shrinkage of the erythroid compartment contributes to resistance to EPO and the anemia of critical illness. Language: en
How homo academicus got his name and other just-so stories

There are many things in life, including the nature of human origins and behaviors, that modern science cannot explain. To understand these phenomena, we posit theories and try to test them, but often, in the end, we are left only with faith and speculation to assuage our anxiety about the human condition. Origin myths are speculative claims about our past that help us make sense of our present and future. In storytelling, they make light of human vulnerability relative to the forces of nature, in language, they set a cognitive framework through which to construct shared meanings about the world, and in science, they provide the "givens" that we must assume in order to work out our theories and proofs about the things we observe around us. At the turn of the century, Rudyard Kipling concocted a number of origin myths, called "Just-so Stories" (1902) to explain observable variations in animal life to young children. One such story, "The Elephant's Child" (1902), speculates about the origins of the elephant's trunk. "In the high and far-off times," writes Kipling, "the elephant had no trunk. He had only a blackish, bulgy nose, as big as a boot, that he could wriggle about from side to side; but he couldn't pick up things with it" (Kipling 1902). Until one day, a young elephant who was full of"satiable" curiosity ventured off to the banks of the great Limpopo River, where he encountered a crocodile who bit him on the nose and pulled and pulled until the elephant's nose had stretched to nearly five feet long. Having narrowly escaped with his life and a seriously misshappen nose, the elephant's child returned to his elephant family, who quickly realized the practical utility of having a trunk and ventured off, one by one, to the river to "borrow new noses from the crocidile" (Kipling 1902). Ever since that day, Kipling muses to his young audience, "all the elephants you will ever see, besides all those that you won't , have trunks precisely like the trunk of the 'satiable Elephant's Child" (1902).
Absorption coefficient for Multiple-Quasi Fermi level system in quantum well

The absorption coefficients are necessary to determine the rate of radiative transition. In this work, absorption coefficient of one of the transition (transition from valence band to confined state in the quantum well) for a Multiple Quasi-Fermi level system (MQFL system) is derived from Fermi's golden rule while the other two absorption coefficients are calculated based on previously published work. The results are discussed with respect to AlInAs (barrier)/InAsP (well) quantum well system that is previously identified as one of the material combinations for a MQFL system. The results show the non-linear variation of absorption coefficients governing the transitions in the well (both from the confined states in the well to the continuum states and also from the valence band to the confined states) with the change in the quasi-Fermi level of the confined state. The results also show that the two absorption coefficients balance each other. As the carrier concentration in the confined states increase, the absorption coefficient for transition from the well to the continuum states increase while the absorption coefficient for transition from valence band to the confined states decrease and vice-versa. The results hence signify that provided the continuum states are coupled to the confined states only by radiative transition, it is possible to maintain a third quasi-Fermi level corresponding to the confined carriers and hence a MQFL system can be realized.
Activation of the Src Family Kinase Hck without SH3-Linker Release

Src family protein-tyrosine kinases are regulated by intramolecular binding of the SH2 domain to the C-terminal tail and association of the SH3 domain with the SH2 kinase-linker. The presence of two regulatory interactions raises the question of whether disruption of both is required for kinase activation. To address this question, we engineered a high affinity linker (HAL) mutant of the Src family member Hck in which an optimal SH3 ligand was substituted for the natural linker. Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated tight intramolecular binding of the modified HAL sequence to SH3. Hck-HAL was then combined with a tail tyrosine mutation (Y501F) and expressed in Rat-2 fibroblasts. Surprisingly, Hck-HAL-Y501F showed strong transforming and kinase activities, demonstrating that intramolecular SH3-linker release is not required for SH2-based kinase activation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which lacks the negative regulatory tail kinase Csk, wild-type Hck was more strongly activated in the presence of an SH3-binding protein (human immunodeficiency virus-1 Nef), indicating persistence of native SH3-linker interaction in an active Hck conformation. Taken together, these data support the existence of multiple active conformations of Src family kinases that may generate unique downstream signals.
Analysis of Retroviral Assembly Using a Vaccinia/T7-Polymerase Complementation System

The nature of protein-protein interactions during retroviral assembly is not well understood, and mutational analyses of the potential signals involved in the viral assembly process has been difficult, particularly with the avian retroviruses due to the level of viral proteins expressed in the clonal cell lines containing defective viral genomes. We describe here a complementation system in which the retroviral gag/pol and env gene products were expressed independently from different plasmids under the control of the bacteriophage T7 promoter, in avian cells. Coexpression of the T7 polymerase from a vaccinia virus vector resulted in a high level of biosynthesis of retroviral structural proteins and efficient assembly of virus particles. Electron microscopy and protein composition analyses demonstrated that these virions were indistinguishable from those produced from RSV-infected cells. Through the use of mutant glycoprotein genes it was possible to demonstrate the specificity of the assembly process and the applicability of this system to other retroviral systems is described.
Calibration and Attitude Determination with Redundant Inertial Measurement Units

A calibration filter is developed for redundant inertial measurement units, which are inertial measurement units that have more than three sense axes. It is shown that for a Kalman filter based on an attitude measurement model and an attitude kinematics model in the “model replacement mode,” a linear combination of the calibration parameters is not observable and therefore cannot be estimated. This observability problem is not related to dynamic observability, which requires calibration maneuvers. A null-space measurement equation, together with the attitude measurement and kinematics models, provides complete observability so that all calibration parameters can be estimated. Estimator performance without and with the null-space measurement update is demonstrated via simulation results.
Vitamin E delivery to human skin: studies using deuterated α-tocopherol measured by APCI LC-MS

Enrichment of skin surface lipids with deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol was compared with plasma enrichment to evaluate kinetics of the delivery of vitamin E to skin surface lipids. For 7 d, subjects consumed 75 mg each of RRR-alpha-[5-(C2H3)]- (d3) and all rac-alpha-[5,7-(C2H3)2]- (d6) tocopheryl acetates with breakfast. Blood was drawn and skin lipids were collected daily for 2 weeks, then every other day for 2 weeks. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry atmospheric pressure chemical ionization method for quantification of deuterium labeled (d3, d6, d9-alpha-tocopherols) and unlabeled (d0-) alpha- and gamma-tocopherols was developed. Tocopherols were quantified at their m/z [M-1] using single ion recording. alpha-Tocopherol detection was linear from 1 to 100 pmol with a detection limit of 40 pg (93 fmol). Detection of gamma-tocopherol was twice as sensitive due to greater ionization efficiency. Though d3- and d6-alpha-tocopherols appeared in plasma within 24 h of the first dose, d3-alpha-tocopherol was not detected in skin surface lipids until approximately 1 week. Plasma percentage d3 peaked at day 8, while skin surface lipid percentage d3 increased on average until day 19. Apparently skin employs a mechanism to deliver alpha-tocopherol into skin via lipid secretions.
General equation for correlating the thermophysical properties of n-paraffins, n-olefins, and other homologous series : 2. Asymptotic behavior correlations for PVT properties

In this second in a series of three papers, asymptotic behavior correlations (ABCs) are presented for PVT-related properties: normal boiling and melting point, critical temperature, pressure, and volume, acentric factor, liquid molar volume, and vapor pressure. The theoretical basis for the asymptotic behavior of these properties is discussed. The correlations were developed using literature data for n-paraffins and n-olefins (1-alkenes) and give accurate and consistent predictions. They are preferable to existing correlations in most instances. For melting point and liquid density, comparisons are made with high molecular weight, linear polyethylenes. It is also demonstrated that the ABCs developed for n-paraffins and n-olefins can be used to estimate the properties of other higher carbon-number n-alkyl derivatives, if the properties are known for at least one lower carbon-number member of the homologous series.
Assessment of the effects of menopause on individual women: a review of literature.

This paper presents a review of literature for a research study, “Assessment of the Effects of Menopause on Individual Women.”; Three broad problem areas are identified: physiological signs and symptoms of menopause, psychological signs and symptoms, and psychosocial factors associated with menopause. The discussion of psychosocial factors also includes a review of general developmental tasks of the middle‐aged adult. The paper first includes a discussion of present knowledge about menopause. Second, the etiology of menopause is discussed. Third, a review of commonly recurring physiological and psychological signs and symptoms is presented, and last is a discussion of the psychosocial factors commonly associated with menopause.
Evaluation of a 4D MAP-RBI-EM Image Reconstruction Method for Gated Myocardial SPECT using a Human Observer Study

Previously, we investigated a 4D maximum a posteriori rescaled-block iterative (MAP-RBI)-EM image reconstruction method with corrections of image degrading factors for gated myocardial SPECT. It provided a significantly improved trade-off between normalized mean squared error (NMSE) and normalized standard deviation (NSD) of the reconstructed images as compared to conventional reconstruction methods allowing more timing gates per cardiac cycle for better detection of wall motion abnormalities. In this study, we investigate the use of human observer study to evaluate the 4D MAP-RBI-EM method. We used a population of realistic 4D NURBS-based Cardiac-Torso (NCAT) phantoms modeling variations in cardiac motion. Half the population was normal; the other half had hypokinetic cardiac motion abnormalities. Noise-free and noisy projection data with 16 cardiac gates were generated using an analytical projector that included the effects of attenuation, collimator-detector response and scatter (ADS). The projection data were reconstructed using the 3D FBP and 3D OS-EM methods with corrections for ADS followed by a linear filter and the 4D MAP-RBI-EM method with ADS corrections. The reconstructed images were used in a human observer study. The observers were trained to the simulated gated SPECT images animated with a realistic real-time frame rate and were instructed to rate their confidence on the absence or presence of a motion defect on a continuous scale from 1 to 5. We applied receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and used the area under the ROC curve as an index of comparison. The result showed significant differences in detection performance among the different NMSE-NSD combinations. Images obtained from the optimized 4D MAP-RBI-EM with corrections gave better human observer detection performance among the other image reconstruction methods. We conclude that the optimized 4D MAP-RBI-EM method with corrections of image degrading factors provides improvement in detecting wall motion abnormalities in gated myocardial SPECT.
Fashioning a Cosmopolitan Tamil Identity: Game Shows, Commodities and Cultural Identity

Regional-language game shows enable audiences to forge complex links between global and national identities, links that confound local/global, tradition/modernity binaries. Through an analysis of Tamil game shows I argue that this transnationally mobile genre of programming simultaneously permits the assertion of a vernacular nationalism and a cosmopolitan sensibility. The commodity culture of game shows foregrounds a Tamil cultural affiliation that is glossy and depoliticized, one sharply at odds with the separatist claims that underpinned the turn-of-the-century Dravidian nationalism.
Gold-catalysed synthesis of amino acid-derived 2,5-disubstituted oxazoles

Amino acid-derived propargylic amides are cyclised in a one-pot, Au(III)-catalysed operation to yield 5-bromomethyl oxazoles. These compounds are further elaborated to bis-heterocycles, dipeptide mimics and more.
Indices and Computational Strategy for Unmanned Ground Wheeled Vehicle Mobility Estimation and Enhancement

The United States Army began developing Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV) in the early 1900’s. Concurrently, researchers developed and enhanced passenger and commercial ground vehicles. Although significant progress has been made for improving vehicle mobility for all ground vehicles throughout the past century, mobility has lacked a concise mutually agreed definition and analytical standardized criteria. The implementations of improved technologies, such as vehicle traction control, stability control, and torque vectoring systems require researchers to take a step back and reevaluate mobility criteria. UGVs require additional enhancement to include on-line mobility estimation since the vehicle cannot predict nor anticipate terrain conditions on their own prior to the vehicle traversing those conditions.This paper analyzes methodologies researchers have employed for defining and improving vehicle mobility of wheeled vehicles. The analysis is done from a view point of concurrent mobility methodologies’ enhancement and applicability to wheeled UGVs.This analysis is then used to develop off-line and on-line analytical criterion for mobility estimation, and to derive a strategy which can be applied to wheeled vehicles, both manned and unmanned. The on-line mobility estimation enables the UGV to make control changes as the events occur rather than after the event, causing the vehicle to then optimize its reaction to regain control.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Joint Packet Scheduling and Channel Allocation for Wireless Communications

This article proposes a joint packet scheduling and channel allocation scheme for multiuser multichannel (MM) wireless networks. A fair scheduling algorithm is adapted to multichannel wireless networks by incorporating more realistic wireless channel characteristics. Channel conditions and different quality of service (QoS) requirements are properly reflected in the scheduling process, and allocation of multiple channels is also implemented. From both analysis and simulation, probabilistic fairness is guaranteed and utilization of each wireless channel is improved
Changes in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases in the last half century

Age-associated neurodegenerative diseases are a serious and growing problem for mankind, and their etiologies are still unknown. The author has been studying the neuropathology of fatal neurodegenerative diseases endemic to the native Chamorro population on Guam during the last half a century. During this time, remarkable advances in scientific technology, such as the application of electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and molecular genetics, have contributed to numerous discoveries in classic neurological diseases. In addition, various new diseases have been recognized. This communication reviews Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase positive Lewy body-like inclusions in the anterior horn cells, in order to elucidate these pathological findings as well as remarkable changes observed in certain other age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Anomalous folds associated with the east-central part of the Garlock fault, southeast California

The east-central part of the left-lateral Garlock fault, in southeast California, is associated with three broad folds that trend and plunge northeast. The folds, which lie north, south, and astride the fault, postdate deposition of alluvial gravels that at one time formed a continuous northwest-sloping fan; the gravels rest conformably on lake beds that contain the Lava Creek B ash bed (0.62 Ma). The anticline, named after Christmas Canyon, has vertical relief of as much as 100 m. Topographic profiles suggest that the gravels exposed along the synclinal troughs to its southeast (Pilot Knob Valley syncline) and northwest (Teagle Wash syncline) lie at about the same elevations as they did when part of the originally active fan, implying that the synclines are passive results of the anticline development. If so, the original slope of the middle Pleistocene alluvial sediment sheet was about 0.6° northwest. The age and dimensional controls allow calculation of the rates of tilting and horizontal shortening. Corrected tilting rates vary from about 2.5° to 4.7°/m.y.; the total shortening of about 7.5 m developed at a minimum rate of 12.5 m/m.y. The orientations of these folds imply northwest-southeast compression, which is anomalous when viewed in the context of regional tectonics. The left-lateral Garlock fault and the north-northwest-trending Searles Valley syncline and Slate Range anticline imply northeast-southwest compression, which geophysical criteria confirm. Geologic evidence of northwest-southeast compressional deformation, dating to pre-Miocene (Paleocene?) time, however, is known from several other localities along the Garlock fault. These anomalous features are interpreted as evidence that episodes of north-west-southeast compression along the Garlock fault do occur, and although oriented about 90° from the average of conventional—and presently observed—compression directions, they have occurred during much (most?) of the Cenozoic Era, including the past 0.6 m.y.
‘This penurious old reptile’: Rear‐Admiral James Gambier and the American War

This article is an account of Rear-Admiral James Gambier when he commanded the Royal Navy at New York during the American Revolutionary War.
PS2-24: 60 Seconds or Less: Factors Influencing the Likelihood of a Mental Health Discussion During Periodic Health Exams

Background/Aims The majority of patients with mental health concerns turn to their primary care physician (PCP). We investigate whether periodic health exams (PHEs) may be a good opportunity for these patients to receive mental health services. We examine the impact of patients’ need for mental health care, competing demands from biomedical issues, and the availability of behavioral health providers on the probability of discussing mental health.
The Matthew Effect of the Annual Reviews series and the flow of scientific communication through the World Wide Web

Authors of the well-regarded Annual Reviews series incorporate URLs to in the text, figures, tables, and reference sections of their articles. Despite the lack of peer review, the number of pointers to scientific information on the World Wide Web in the biomedical and physical science reviews increased five fold between 1997 and 2001. However, only 34% and 76% of the URLs from 1997 and 2001, respectively, remain viable in 2003. This is disconcerting as the stability of the highly cited Annual Reviewsseries is integral to the flow of scientific information. In fact, the citation rate for the URL containing Annual Reviewsarticles was found to be less than half that observed for all the review articles analyzed. Taken together these data suggest that the viability of web information may influence the citation rate of authors who have previously basked in the halo of R. K. Merton's Matthew Effect.
Silicon nanowire/polycaprolactone composites and their impact on stromal cell function

In this study, silicon nanowire (SiNW)/polycaprolactone composites with different surface topographies were fabricated by straightforward embedding or printing methods and their cytocompatibility was evaluated with a bone-relevant cell line derived from mouse stroma. The incorporation of biocompatible polymers with semiconducting SiNWs can ideally provide an enhanced environment to support proliferation and differentiation functions of bone cells. Cell/composite interactions were assessed with suitable assays including viability and alkaline phosphatase activity, while scanning electron microscopy characterization was used to study the morphology of cells grown on composites. Such results suggest that for nanowires in a vertical array, the presence of the polymer improves cellular attachment and overall viability relative to the nanowire-only system.
The experimental study of a precision parallel manipulator with binary actuation: With application to MRI cancer treatment

In this paper the performance of a high-precision parallel robot manipulator with bistable actuation is experimentally evaluated. The manipulator is for performing prostate cancer biopsy and treatment within the bore of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. The analysis and simulations have shown that this bistable manipulator is able to perform well with dielectric elastomer actuators that have been shown to be compatible with the high magnetic fields of an MRI. In this work an experimental prototype system was developed and tested. The results show that it provides the precise needle placement required by the medical task.
Schiller's Faith in a Democratic Society as Revealed in “William Tell”

T IS the purpose of this paper to examine Schiller's William Tell for evidences of an early faith in and understanding of a democratic society. Certainly the drama always has been famed for its portrayal of the spirit of independence and liberty on the part of the Swiss people. But it appears that Schiller possessed other concepts and advocated other tenets beyond those contained in a simple desire for political freedom. Within democracy as it is known and aspired to in the relatively recent histories of western Europe and the United States, there are at least five essential characteristics. These may be called the quintessence of democracy; their presence within Schiller's drama, it is contended, demonstrates that Schiller's beliefs are not wholly those of the pre-French Revolution type but instead bear implicationrs for the present struggle against totalitarian tyranny and injustice within and without the United States. The first essential of a democratic society is, of course, that of freedom. Freedom is the ability and the opportunity to do what one wants to do, but in a democratic society the freedoms of the group and of the members of the group are inter-dependent. Among the values which appear to have been of the greatest importance to Schiller was that of inner freedom. Upon this inner freedom might be built a society in reflection of the free individual. And if the individual needs freedom, both within and without, and that freedom is his right, certainly the state should be based upon freedom. For it seems clear that the development of the state largely will reflect and follow the pattern of its component individuals. The yearning for true liberty is evident throughout William Tell. Gertrude, in the second scene of Act I, insists that freedom from tyranny, even through war, is important above all. She would even burn her cherished home if that were necessary to be free.
Oligocene-Miocene biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and isotopic stratigraphy of the western North Atlantic

Magnetostratigraphic records from western North Atlantic Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Sites 563 and 558 are correlated with the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS; Berggren et aI., 1984a, 1984b) using marine magnetic anomalies and selected biostratigraphic datum levels. The magnetochronology established is used to make direct magnetobiostratigraphic correlations that agree with previous Oligocene-early Miocene studies. However, we show that Zones NN8 partim and NN9 and associated Epoch 11 correlate with Magnetic Anomaly 5 (= Chron CSn). This contrasts with previous indirect correlations of Epoch 11 with Anomaly SA and requires an upward adjustment of 1.5-2.0 m.y. for middle-late Miocene calcareous nannofossil zones. We correlate the middle/late Miocene boundary with Zone NN8 and earliest Chron CSn (10.4 Ma).
Neural Control of the Computer Cursor Based on Spectral Analysis of the Electromyogram

A classification algorithm is developed to translate facial movements into five cursor actions: i) left, ii) right, iii) up, iv) down, and v) left-click. The algorithm utilizes the unique spectral characteristics exhibited by electromyogram (EMG) signals obtained from different muscles in the face to assist in the classification process. A previous three-electrode, EMG-based system was utilized in to perform a similar translation of facial movements into cursor actions. This system also made use of spectral analysis to classify muscle activity. It was found that this system does not always discriminate between the EMG activity assigned to up and down cursor actions efficiently. To remedy this matter, a fourth electrode was added and a new classification algorithm was devised. This paper details the classification algorithm utilized with the four-electrode system. It also compares the effectiveness of the four-electrode system to that of the three-electrode system in classifying EMG activity into cursor actions. This was done through the use of Matlab simulations. It will be shown that the new four-electrode system produces significant improvements in classification performance
Process Control in Laser Material Processing for the Micro and Nanometer Scale Domains

An array of laser material processing techniques is presented for fabricating structures in the micro and nanometer scale length domains. For the past 20 years, processes have been demonstrated where the use of the inherent properties of lasers has led to increased fidelity in the processing of materials. These demonstrated processes often use inventive approaches that rely on derivative aspects of established primary principles that govern laser/material interaction phenomena. The intent of this overview is to explore the next generation of processes and techniques that could be applied in industry because of the need for better precision, higher resolution, smaller feature size, true 3D fabrication, and higher piece-part fabrication throughput.
Gulf Coast Early Intervention Conference: Overview

This article provides an overview of this issue of TECSE and identifies key issues that emerged from the First Annual Gulf Coast Early Intervention Conference in May of 1986. Issues such as identification of the parameters of effective early intervention, the degree of attention to family and societal concerns, the impact of ecologically based models on the quality of intervention, and establishment of the social validity of interventions were among the critical topics presented. The concepts and ideas presented in this and other articles are intended to challenge current and future thinking regarding early intervention.
Performance of an induction coil launcher

Performance of an electromagnetic induction launcher is considered for three types of armatures. These are: solid; 1-element wound; and 16-element wound aluminum armatures. The one element wound armature has uniform current density throughout and thus can withstand field reversal (working against embedded armature flux) and still maintain low temperature. Slingshot simulations were performed for several configurations. Best performance was obtained for a single element wound armature with two field reversals. For a 60 kg projectile, 10.5 cm coil inner radius and 5.5 cm coil build, the velocity after 50 meters of launcher length (670 stages) exceeded 3.5 km/sec with an overall efficiency of about 45%. For the same parameters the solid and 16-element wound armatures reach a velocity of about 3.3 km/sec after 800 stages (60 meters of launcher length) but without field reversal. A velocity of 3.5 km/sec is possible after 60 meters of launcher length with the 16-element wound armature with one field reversal, but the temperature is close to the melting temperature of aluminum. >
Potential negative effects of epinephrine on carotid blood flow and ETCO2 during active compression-decompression CPR utilizing an impedance threshold device.

Abstract Objectives This study examines the effects of IV epinephrine administration on carotid blood flow (CBF) and end tidal CO 2 (ETCO 2 ) production in a swine model of active compression–decompression CPR with an impedance threshold device (ACD-CPR+ITD). Methods Six female swine (32±1kg) were anesthetized, intubated and ventilated. Intracranial, thoracic aorta and right atrial pressures were measured via indwelling catheters. CBF was recorded. ETCO 2 , SpO 2 and EKG were monitored. V-fib was induced and went untreated for 6min. Three minutes each of standard CPR (STD), STD-CPR+impedance threshold device (ITD) and active compression–decompression (ACD)-CPR+ITD were performed. At minute 9 of the resuscitation, 40μg/kg of IV Epinephrine was administered and ACD-CPR+ITD was continued for 1min. Statistical analysis was performed with a paired t -test. p values of Results Aortic pressure, cerebral and coronary perfusion pressures increased from STD p p =0.01), cerebral perfusion pressure (12±5 vs 22±10, p =0.01), and coronary perfusion pressure (8±7 vs 17±4, p =0.02); however, mean CBF and ETCO 2 decreased (respectively 29±15 vs 14±7.0ml/min, p =0.03; 20±7 vs 18±6, p =0.04). Conclusions In this model, administration of epinepherine during ACD-CPR+ITD signficantly increased markers of macrocirculation, while significantly decreasing carotid blood flow and ETCO 2 . This calls into question the ability of calculated perfusion pressures to accurately reflect oxygen delivery to end organs. The administration of epinepherine during ACD-CPR+ITD does not improve cerebral tissue perfusion.
Arithmetic of the Partition Function

Here we describe some recent advances that have been made regarding the arithmetic of the unrestricted partition function p(n). A partition of a non- negative integer n is any nonincreasing sequence of positive integers whose sum is n. As usual, we let p(n) denote the number of partitions of n. For example, it is easy to see that p(4) = 5 since the partitions of 4 are: $$ 4, 3 + 1, 2 + 2, 2 + 1 + 1, 1 + 1 + 1 + 1. $$
Career Paths in Sport Management.

AbstractSport management alumni (N=268) from five universities that offer undergraduate programs with an emphasis in sport management within departments of parks, recreation, and tourism were sampl...
Influence of Temperature on Oviposition and Adult Female Longevity for the Soybean Looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Mated female Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) moths were held in constant temperatures ranging from 17 to 35°C to determine the effect of temperature on oviposition and longevity. Over the temperature range tested, adult female longevity decreased linearly as temperature increased. Fecundity (total number of eggs laid over the entire life span)and average oviposition rate (mean number of eggs laid per day of a lifetime) had curvilinear relationships with temperature. A curvilinear response surface significantly described effects of temperature and female age on daily oviposition rate. Maximum oviposition occurred between 26 and 32°C.
DyScale: A MapReduce Job Scheduler for Heterogeneous Multicore Processors

The functionality of modern multi-core processors is often driven by a given power budget that requires designers to evaluate different decision trade-offs, e.g., to choose between many slow, power-efficient cores, or fewer faster, power-hungry cores, or a combination of them. Here, we prototype and evaluate a new Hadoop scheduler, called DyScale, that exploits capabilities offered by heterogeneous cores within a single multi-core processor for achieving a variety of performance objectives. A typical MapReduce workload contains jobs with different performance goals: large, batch jobs that are throughput oriented, and smaller interactive jobs that are response time sensitive. Heterogeneous multi-core processors enable creating virtual resource pools based on “slow” and “fast” cores for multi-class priority scheduling. Since the same data can be accessed with either “slow” or “fast” slots, spare resources (slots) can be shared between different resource pools. Using measurements on an actual experimental setting and via simulation, we argue in favor of heterogeneous multi-core processors as they achieve “faster” (up to 40 percent) processing of small, interactive MapReduce jobs, while offering improved throughput (up to 40 percent) for large, batch jobs. We evaluate the performance benefits of DyScale versus the FIFO and Capacity job schedulers that are broadly used in the Hadoop community.
Gene expression profiling of the effects of organic dust in lung epithelial and THP-1 cells reveals inductive effects on inflammatory and immune response genes

The intensification and concentration of animal production operations expose workers to high levels of organic dusts in the work environment. Exposure to organic dusts is a risk factor for the development of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and diseases. Lung epithelium plays important roles in the control of immune and inflammatory responses to environmental agents to maintain lung health. To better understand the effects of organic dust on lung inflammatory responses, we characterized the gene expression profiles of A549 alveolar and Beas2B bronchial epithelial and THP-1 monocytic cells influenced by exposure to poultry dust extract by DNA microarray analysis using Illumina Human HT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip. We found that A549 alveolar and Beas2B bronchial epithelial and THP-1 cells responded with unique changes in the gene expression profiles with regulation of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory proteins being common to all the three cells. Significantly induced genes included IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, ICAM-1, CCL2, CCL5, TLR4, and PTGS2. Validation by real-time qRT-PCR, ELISA, Western immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical staining of lung sections from mice exposed to dust extract validated DNA microarray results. Pathway analysis indicated that dust extract induced changes in gene expression influenced functions related to cellular growth and proliferation, cell death and survival, and cellular development. These data show that a broad range of inflammatory mediators produced in response to poultry dust exposure can modulate lung immune and inflammatory responses. This is the first report on organic dust induced changes in expression profiles in lung epithelial and THP-1 monocytic cells.
A New Approach to Scheduling Aggregate Production and Work Force

Abstract A method of scheduling aggregate production and work force is presented, which is applicable to the more complex and realistic cases found in many manufacturing concerns. The method is tested on a model which has a known optimal solution. The results indicate that the proposed method holds promise for yielding good results for models which cannot currently be solved for optimal solutions.
The Teaching of Science and Ethics: A Multidisciplinary Approach

At the liberal arts college where I teach, many of our science courses intertwine ethical and political issues with the science. We have a very small science and mathematics department, and are not able to present a traditional science curriculum. There are also no science requirements; we have to work hard to attract students to our science courses. One method is to include ethical and political questions. This paper explores three courses I teach of this nature, The Science and Politics of the Atom Bomb, Energy and Sustainability, and Genes and Race. I explore the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, and draw some conclusions about its efficacy. I make the claim that for a general education audience, it is very important to include such issues. The same is also true for science students, of course, but for somewhat different reasons.
Section 121(D)(10): An Article Addressing an Article

In a practice article, Gail Levin Richmond of Nova Southeastern University discusses changes to section 121 added by the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 and questions whether the use of the indefinite article "a" instead of the definite article "the" expands the group of taxpayers affected by the legislative change.
On the Popularization of the Combination of Industry,Colleges and Research Institutes

In the light of analysis about the advantages and social value,the paper points out that the combination of industry,colleges and research intitutes,is the ineuitable chioce for both higher vocational education and enterprises.In the light of the determinism of demand of enterprises,this articles points out that it is necessang that enterprises play the dominant role and is center of the combination.According to the goal and the regional characteristics,the situation of human resources and technological demand in small and medium-sized enterprises,the articl points out the local small and medium-sized enterprises are the main cooperative partners of the higher vocational education.It also puts forward 8 countermeasures from the aspects of solial circumstances,operating mechanism,strenglhening higher vocational education etc.
Prevalence of trachoma among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City from 2009-2011

[Objective] To understand the prevalence of trachoma among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City,and provide the necessary scientific basis for carrying out trachoma control work in schools.[Methods] Cluster sampling method was used to collect the trachoma examination data of primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area from 2009-2011 for analysis.[Results] A total of 760 trachoma patients and1 545 cases of suspected trachoma were identified with the prevalence rates of 0.12% and 0.23%.The prevalence of trachoma between years was significant during 2009-2011(χ2=182.130,P0.01).And the prevalence of suspected trachoma was also significant(χ2=432.593,P0.01).[Conclusion] School should monitor the trachoma prevalence regularly,strength the timely treatment,reexamination and retreatment of trachoma cases,enhance the eye health knowledge propaganda among students,and inform the parents of urging kids to develop good habits for eye health,in order to effectively control prevalence and development of trachoma and suspected trachoma.