cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Algebraic Multigrid on a Dragonfly Network: First Experiences on a Cray XC30

The Cray XC30 represents the first appearance of the dragonfly interconnect topology in a product from a major HPC vendor. The question of how well applications perform on such a machine naturally arises. We consider the performance of an algebraic multigrid solver on an XC30 and develop a performance model for its solve cycle. We use this model to both analyze its performance and guide data redistribution at runtime aimed at improving it by trading messages for increased computation. The performance modeling results demonstrate the ability of the dragonfly interconnect to avoid network contention, but speedups when using the redistribution scheme were enough to raise questions about the ability of the dragonfly topology to handle very communication-intensive applications.
Fish oil and flax seed oil supplemented diets increase FFAR4 expression in the rat colon

Omega-3 fatty acids, such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that have long been associated with anti-inflammatory activity and general benefit toward human health. Over the last decade, the identification of a family of cell-surface G protein-coupled receptors that bind and are activated by free-fatty acids, including omega-3 fatty acids, suggest that many effects of PUFA are receptor-mediated. One such receptor, free-fatty acid receptor-4 (FFAR4), previously described as GPR120, has been shown to modulate anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects in response to PUFA such as ALA and DHA. Additionally, FFAR4 stimulates secretion of the insulin secretagogue glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from the GI tract and acts as a dietary sensor to regulate energy availability. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on FFAR4 expression in the rat colon. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed control soybean oil diets or alternatively, diets supplemented with either fish oil, which is enriched in DHA and EPA, or flaxseed oil, which is enriched in ALA, for 7 weeks. GLP-1 and blood glucose levels were monitored weekly and at the end of the study period, expression of FFAR4 and the inflammatory marker TNF-α was assessed. Our findings indicate that GLP-1 and blood glucose levels were unaffected by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, however, animals that were fed fish or flaxseed oil-supplemented diets had significantly heightened colonic FFAR4 and actin expression, and reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α compared to animals fed control diets. These results suggest that similar to ingestion of other fats, dietary-intake of omega-3 fatty acids can alter FFAR4 expression within the colon.
Kriging, Simple Indicator †

Simple indicator kriging is a method for interpolation in a binary random field. The method is based on estimates of the first two moments of the field. It has been shown to perform well when the binary field is formed by clipping a Gaussian random field. Keywords: binary random field; conditional probability; kriging
Elmer's Rule: A Jurisprudential Dialogue

Cardozo wrote of Riggs v. Palmer that this case that two analytical paths pointed in different directions and the judges selected the path that seemed better to lead to “justice”. Dworkin has claimed that the case demonstrates the triumph of certain “principles” over what are called “rules of law”. Taylor has argued that there was no “law” at all about murderers inheriting from testators before the actual decision in Riggs, and that consequently the decision itself was the only “law” that affected Elmer. All of these suggest that the decision in Riggs was largely unpredictable and therefore must have come as something of a surprise. But the notions of surprise and unpredictability raise a far more basic issue: what business does a court have in surprising anyone? Shouldn’t a court fulfill people’s expectations of the law? Shouldn’t a court behave as predictably as it possibly can?
Identification and characterization of stamen- and tapetum-specific genes from tomato.

Differential screening of a tomato cDNA library produced from pre-anthesis stamens resulted in the isolation of 25 cDNA clones that hybridized to probes made from stamen RNA and showed no hybridization to probes made from RNA of vegetative organs. The 25 clones were found to represent 11 noncross-hybridizing classes. The majority of these clones were derived from genes that were single or low copy in the tomato genome. Northern RNA blotting experiments of vegetative and floral organs at several stages of development demonstrated that expression in all 11 classes was confined to floral organs. Of the 11 classes 9 were found to be expressed exclusively in stamens prior to anthesis. Two classes showed expression in immature stamens and in petals, with one of these two additionally being expressed in mature stamens at anthesis. Clones from three of the classes that were expressed exclusively in stamens were used as probes for in situ localization of RNA in floral organs. These experiments demonstrated that expression of the genes corresponding to these clones was confined to the tapetal cells of the anthers. Expression of one of the three genes was found to be limited to a single cell type during the 5–6 day period from late meiosis to immature pollen formation.
The Teaching Assistant to Faculty Transition Employing the Learner-Centered Teaching Model

This paper discusses the classroom experiences of the author during the transition from a Graduate Teaching Assistant to a faculty member. It describes changes in teaching method that were enabled, changes in student attitudes and also in student performance. The classroom experience is compared and contrasted between teaching introductory political science research methods as a teaching assistant and introductory comparative government as a faculty member. Key differences in the method and experience include teaching from a lead faculty member’s perspective, using materials prepared and provided by another to teaching from a learner-centered method in which materials were predetermined by the author but content and direction of the course are negotiated with the students in a learner-centered model. The paper focuses on the actual application of the Learner-Centered model for teaching in the classroom. Observations will include student perceptions, performance, and attitudes as well as the perception, experience and performance of the author/teacher.
Fine Structure in the Corona at High Latitudes at Solar Maximum

Microstreams and pressure balance structures in fast solar wind were more easily detected at Ulysses at 2.2 AU over the poles than at Helios at 0.3 AU. This is because solar rotation leads to dynamic interactions between different speed regimes at a rate that depends on latitude for the same size features. Dynamic interactions make structures more difficult to detect with increasing distance from the Sun. At solar maximum, Ulysses will sample high latitude solar wind coming from streamers, providing information on fine structure at the tops of streamers and on the source of slow solar wind. Examples are given here of the detectability of various sized structures at Ulysses when it is over the polar regions of the Sun.
Image processing-enhancement, filtering and edge detection using the fuzzy logic approach

Novel algorithms for image enhancement, filtering and edge detection using the fuzzy logic approach are proposed. An enhancement technique based on various combinations of fuzzy logic linguistic statements in the form of if-then rules modifies the image contrast and provides a linguistic approach to image enhancement. A fuzzy filtering technique based on the tuning of fuzzy membership functions in the frequency domain results in improved restoration of an image which is degraded by additive random noise. An improved performance compared with traditional mask convolution filtering is also evident from the SNR improvement of 4.03 dB. The fuzzy edge detection algorithm provides a variety of edge information. The fuzzy edge detection algorithm is compared with some existing edge detection algorithms to show its novelty. >
An agent-based hydrogen vehicle/infrastructure model

An agent-based model is presented of the transition of a personal transportation system based on conventional fuels to one based on an alternative fuel, such as hydrogen, requiring a new support infrastructure. The model allows two types of agents, vehicle owners and hydrogen fuel suppliers, to interact on a grid of roads representing a metropolitan region, and shows how their initial placement on the grid can lead either to successful or to unsuccessful transitions.
The effectiveness of simulation in advancing quality and safety education for nurses-based competency in accelerated nursing students

Newly licensed Registered Nurses (RNs) have an obligation to be safe and effective in their first job. The transition of nursing graduates to the new RN role should ensure the key components of safety and effectiveness are present. Transitions can be made more effective through the use of simulations. Rubrics can be used in simulations to help validate progression in learning from simple to more complex care concepts. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the use of simulations utilizing rubrics to assess progression in performance in second degree students enrolled in an accelerated nursing program. Findings indicate that the use of simulation, utilizing Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)-based rubrics for assessment, can improve competence in patient care and safety, thus contributing to a successful transition to practice.
Terminal ileal mucosal mast cells in irritable bowel syndrome.

Terminal ileal biopsies were prospectively obtained and stained specifically for mast cells in 20 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 15 controls. The number of terminal ileal mast cells per high powered field (MC/HPF) (mean ±SEM) was 23.3±3.1 for, IBS and 6.8±1.1 for controls (P=0.0001). The diarrhea IBS subgroup had the greatest number of MC/HPF. No correlation was found between terminal ileal mucosal mast cell counts (MMCC) and the number of Manning criteria present or the functional bowel disease score (r=0.06 andr=−0.31, respectively). We conclude that terminal ileal MMCC are significantly elevated in a majority of patients with IBS. The mast cell may be responsible for the altered visceral perception found in the gastrointestinal tract in patients with IBS. The poor correlation of the MMCC to the clinical features of IBS may be the result of the dynamic state of the mast cell.
A single nucleotide difference in the gene for myelin proteolipid protein defines the jimpy mutation in mouse

We have previously shown that, in the myelin-deficient jimpy mutant mouse, 74 nucleotides are absent from the mRNA for proteolipid protein (PLP) as a result of aberrant RNA processing. To define the exact site of the jimpy mutation, we have analyzed the PLP gene obtained from a jimpy mouse genomic library. We find that the nucleotide sequence that is absent from jimpy PLP mRNA is fully preserved in the jimpy PLP gene. The missing segment corresponds to a separate exon, equivalent to exon 5 of the human PLP gene. The nucleotide sequence at the 3' end of intron 4 in the jimpy PLP gene contains a single point mutation. A base change A----G in the 3' acceptor splice site has altered a position that is 100% conserved in all published splice acceptor sequences. We conclude that the primary genetic defect of the jimpy mouse is a single base change in the PLP gene disabling an invariant recognition sequence of RNA splicing.
Social construction and physical nihilation of the Keystone XL pipeline: Lessons from international relations theory

Abstract If a prime goal of energy policy is to achieve energy security, why is there a controversy over the proposed Keystone XL pipeline, designed to deliver new supplies of oil from within North America? This Viewpoint seeks answers in the debate over the underlying purposes of energy policy: how does one answers the question “what do we want from energy policy?” Perceptions of feasible answers and policy options change over time, as witnessed in the 1970s. Analogous shifts in opinion are changing today's policy debates and widening the contradictions in policy purposes. Attention to the existence of these contradictions, without illusions, is necessary to meet the policy challenges of the future effectively.
ZigBee-Assisted Power Saving for More Efficient and Sustainable Ad Hoc Networks

In emergency situations, infrastructure-based wireless access networks (e.g., WLANs, cellular networks) may collapse due to power outage or infrastructure damages. To enable responsive communication for rescue operations, wireless ad hoc networks may be set up. However, due to limited battery capacity, the networks may not sustain long enough, especially when stringent communication delay is demanded. Aimed at energy efficiency, the Power Saving Management (PSM) for IEEE 802.11 DCF has been standardized and can be applied in multi-hop ad hoc networks. With PSM, however, it is difficult to achieve high energy efficiency and low delay simultaneously when data traffic is unpredictable. Motivated by the trend that low-power ZigBee interface will be more and more commonly embedded in mobile devices together with WiFi interface in the near future, we propose a ZigBee-assisted PSM (called ZPSM) for DCF, which leverages ZigBee interfaces to wake up WiFi interfaces on demand to reduce WiFi interfaces' energy consumption and thus prolong network lifetime, while satisfying delay requirements. The results of extensive simulation and prototype-based experiments have verified the performance advantages of ZPSM.
Interdependent Utilities, Charity, and Pareto Optimality: Comment

I. The Schall model, 478. — II. Interdependent utilities and the Edgeworth box, 479. — Conclusion, 480.
Immunologic disorders: the regulation of humoral immunity.

. The modulation of humoral immunity by complement and complement receptors is presented, as well as the importance of the X chromosome in immune response. Gene rearrangement and ontogeny of the immunoglobulin isotypes are discussed with regard to humoral immunodeficiency diseases.
A matrix class library in C++ for structural engineering computing

Abstract Matrix computations are traditionally performed using procedural languages such as FORTRAN. This paper describes the object-oriented design and implementation of a matrix class library in C++. A wide range of abstractions and algorithms such as symmetric matrices, profile matrices, banded matrices, column vectors, and LU decompositions are presented which address a variety of time/ space demands in structural engineering computing. The object-oriented design presented here applies encapsulation, inheritance, composition, and type parameterization. Consistent semantics and uniform syntax of the interface is a major focus of the design for the matrix class library. Careful design to take advantage of the type system of C++, a strongly typed object-oriented programming language, allows potential misuses of abstractions to be detected at compile time. The proposed object-oriented matrix library not only improves the clarity and expressiveness of the client code, but also enhances its reliability.
Relations among neural activities recorded in premotor and motor cortex of trained monkeys during visually guided hand and arm movement tasks

Abstract Earlier we have found synchronized oscillations in motor cortical areas of awake behaving monkeys (Sanes and Donoghue, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 (1993) 4470–4474 and Donoghue et al., J. Neurophysiol. 79 (1998) 159–173). In the reaching task, local field potentials (LFPs) were not directionally tuned, while neuronal responses were clearly modulated with the direction of arm movement. We are now screening the data with 7.5 s records each, using power spectra, coherence, phase and cross-correlation functions in sliding windows and averaged for 20 trials aligned for target, go cue or movement onset. Our findings indicate that unique neural activity patterns characterize different time segments of a sensorimotor task which is also reflected in LFP recordings.
On the Front Line: American Cities and the Challenge of Homeland Security Preparedness

Municipal governments’ efforts in preparing for possible terrorist events are critical to effective homeland security. Using data gathered from a nationwide sample of municipal officials, the authors identify determinants of homeland security preparedness in U.S. cities, across several attitudinal and behavioral indicators. The authors find that perceptions of terror threat vulnerability and response capacity are tied to factors such as city size and budgetary constraints. Perhaps more important, the authors show that administrative capacity demonstrates consistent explanatory power for both perceived policy commitment and specific preparedness actions. From these analyses, the authors outline several key policy implications for homeland security policy making.
The accuracy of self-report of herpes zoster.

Abstract The accuracy of self-report of herpes zoster was investigated in the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiological Studies of the Elderly, a longitudinal study of 4162 community-dwelling elderly persons residing in North Carolina, 1986–1993. The authors compared self-reports of zoster with physician diagnosis of zoster and with a zoster verification questionnaire (ZVQ). Compared to physician diagnosis, 3.2% (95% confidence interval 0–6.1 %) of self-reports of zoster ( n = 31) were false-positive and no denials of zoster ( n = 63) were false-negative. The agreement of self-reports to physician diagnosis was 98.9%, the sensitivity and negative predictive value were 100%, the specificity was 98.4% and the positive predictive value was 96.7%. The ZVQ comparisons were similarly high. These data suggest that the frequency of false-positive and false-negative reports of zoster is low in this elderly population. Zoster self-reports appear to be accurate and suitable for epidemiological investigations.
Experiments on manipulator gross motion using self-tuning controller and visual information

A picture of a scene is used to extract information for an adaptive control algorithm. The object of interest is first located by means of a classifier. The position and orientation of the object are determined from a binary picture. The desired path that the gripper of the manipulator is to follow is specified by discrete points, first in the Cartesian and then in the joint coordinate system. The adaptive self-tuning controller is outlined. The controller design is based on a time series difference equation model in which the parameters are estimated on-line. The gains of the controller are tuned so that a quadratic performance criterion is minimized. The performance of the system designed is then tested experimentally, and the results are presented.
Test of Genetical Isochronism for Longitudinal Samples of DNA Sequences

Longitudinal samples of DNA sequences, the DNA sequences sampled from the same population at different time points, have increasingly been used to study the evolutionary process of fast-evolving organisms, e.g., RNA virus, in recent years. We propose in this article several methods for testing genetical isochronism or detecting significant genetical heterochronism in this type of sample. These methods can be used to determine the necessary sample size and sampling interval in experimental design or to combine genetically isochronic samples for better data analysis. We investigate the properties of these test statistics, including their powers of detecting heterochronism, assuming different evolutionary processes using simulation. The possible choices and usages of these test statistics are discussed.
Optimizing tuning masses for helicopter rotor blade vibration reduction including computed airloads and comparison with test data

The development and validation of an optimization procedure to systematically place tuning masses along a rotor blade span to minimize vibratory loads are described. The masses and their corresponding locations are the design variables that are manipulated to reduce the harmonics of hub shear for a four-bladed rotor system without adding a large mass penalty. The procedure incorporates a comprehensive helicopter analysis to calculate the airloads. Predicting changes in airloads due to changes in design variables is an important feature of this research. The procedure was applied to a one-sixth, Mach-scaled rotor blade model to place three masses and then again to place six masses. In both cases the added mass was able to achieve significant reductions in the hub shear. In addition, the procedure was applied to place a single mass of fixed value on a blade model to reduce the hub shear for three flight conditions. The analytical results were compared to experimental data from a wind tunnel test performed in the Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel. The correlation of the mass location was good and the trend of the mass location with respect to flight speed was predicted fairly well. However, it was noted that the analysis was not entirely successful at predicting the absolute magnitudes of the fixed system loads.
Competitive Bluffing: An Examination of a Common Practice and its Relationship with Performance

Bluffing, a common and consequential form of competitive behavior, has been comparably ignored in the management literature, even though misleading one’s rivals is suggested to be an advantageous skill in a multifaceted and highly competitive environment. To address this deficiency and advance scholarship on competitive dynamics, our study investigates the moral reasoning behind competitive bluffing and, using a simulated market-entry game, examines the performance effects of bluffing. Findings suggest that decision makers’ views on the ethicality of bluffing competitors differ from their beliefs on the ethicality of misleading other organizational stakeholders. Analysis also indicates that decision makers who view competitor bluffing as more ethical (less unethical) are more willing to engage in competitive bluffing. Finally, while bluffing is often thought to be an effective business practice, results show that in the context of repeated interaction, bluffing is not conducive to high levels of performance and, in fact, can have undesirable consequences.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Dyslipidemia Patterns

Background—No studies have comprehensively examined the prevalence of dyslipidemia, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, among diverse racial/ethnic minority groups. The primary aim of this study was to identify racial/ethnic differences in dyslipidemia among minorities including Asian Americans (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, or Vietnamese), Mexican Americans, and blacks compared with non-Hispanic whites. Methods and Results—Using a 3-year cross section (2008–2011), we identified 169 430 active primary care patients (35 years or older) from an outpatient healthcare organization in northern California. Age-standardized prevalence rates were calculated for 3 dyslipidemia subtypes: high triglycerides (fasting laboratory value ≥150 mg/dL), low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (fasting laboratory value <40 mg/dL [men] and <50 mg/dL [women]), and high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (fasting laboratory value ≥130 mg/dL or taking low-density lipoprotein...
Discriminatory 32P 3′-end labeling of restriction endonuclease co-digested DNA fragments

Abstract We present an improved method for selectively labeling specific DNA fragments in a mixture of restriction fragments. λ DNA, used to develop the procedure, was digested with a combination of restriction enzymes and treated, at various incubation temperatures, with reverse transcriptase and one or more [α- 32 P]dNTP molecules. The labeled fragments were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis and detected by autoradiography. We were able to direct the 3′-end labeling to precise subpopulations of DNA fragments, generated by multiple restriction enzyme digestions. We also show that labeling selectivity of DNA restriction fragments, by reverse transcriptase, is affected by the incubation temperature used during the labeling reaction. This paper describes an approach to 3′-end label select DNA fragments with reverse transcriptase and [α- 32 P]dNTPs. The procedure permits the bypassing of time-consuming isolation and purification steps required, by conventional radiolabeling techniques, to radiolabel specific DNA fragments.
Reduced Algebraic Numbers in the Complex Plane

Abstract In this paper a theory is developed which enables one to determine whether or not two algebraic numbers or two binary forms are equivalent over Z [ i ]. This extends earlier work of the author from the real case.
Tritiated thymidine experiments in the cat: a description of techniques and experiments to define the time-course of radioactive thymidine availability

Tritiated thymidine [(3H]thymidine) autoradiographic techniques have been used to define birthdates for cells in a variety of animals. In an effort to include [3H]thymidine experiments in our ongoing studies of visual system development, we have used an intrauterine injection procedure that affords [3H]thymidine labeling of dividing nerve cells in the cat. This report contains a detailed description of the injection procedures used, as well as the results of experiments undertaken to define the period of time during which the exogenous [3H]thymidine introduced by such injections remains available for uptake.
Graphical processing unit implementation of an integrated shape-based active contour: Application to digital pathology

Commodity graphics hardware has become a cost-effective parallel platform to solve many general computational problems. In medical imaging and more so in digital pathology, segmentation of multiple structures on high-resolution images, is often a complex and computationally expensive task. Shape-based level set segmentation has recently emerged as a natural solution to segmenting overlapping and occluded objects. However the flexibility of the level set method has traditionally resulted in long computation times and therefore might have limited clinical utility. The processing times even for moderately sized images could run into several hours of computation time. Hence there is a clear need to accelerate these segmentations schemes. In this paper, we present a parallel implementation of a computationally heavy segmentation scheme on a graphical processing unit (GPU). The segmentation scheme incorporates level sets with shape priors to segment multiple overlapping nuclei from very large digital pathology images. We report a speedup of 19× compared to multithreaded C and MATLAB-based implementations of the same scheme, albeit with slight reduction in accuracy. Our GPU-based segmentation scheme was rigorously and quantitatively evaluated for the problem of nuclei segmentation and overlap resolution on digitized histopathology images corresponding to breast and prostate biopsy tissue specimens.
MO-E-L100J-04: Scatter Rejection and Low-Contrast Performance of a Slot-Scan Digital Chest Radiography System with Electronic Aft-Collimation: A Phantom Study

Purpose: To investigate scatter rejection and low‐contrast performance of an electronic aft‐collimation based slot‐scan imaging technique for chest imaging.Method and Materials: The slot‐scan imaging technique was implemented with a 1.6 cm wide fan‐beam and a modified flat‐panel (FP) detector for electronic aft‐collimation. During the scan, the leading edge line of the scanning fan‐beam is reset to erase the scatter accumulated while the trailing edge line is read out to acquire the image signals following the fan‐beam exposure. Two images acquired with the same techniques were subtracted from each other for measuring the noise levels. A 2‐mm thick lead plate with a 2‐D array of holes was used to measure the primary signals which were then subtracted from those obtained without the lead plate to determine the scatter components. A 2‐D array of aluminum beads (3mm in diameter) is used as the low‐contrast objects to measure the contrast ratios (CRs) and contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) for evaluation of the low‐contrast performance in chest images.Results: The slot‐scan imaging method resulted in lower average scatter‐to‐primary ratios (SPRs) and improved CRs, primary signal‐to‐noise ratios (PSNRs) and CNRs than the anti‐scatter grid method. Slot‐scan imaging used in conjunction with grid resulted in further reduction of the SPRs and improvement of CRs. However, in most cases, the PSNRs were degraded and CNRs were at the same level or even degraded. Conclusion: Slot‐scan imaging with electronic aft‐collimation can effectively reject scatter without having to attenuate the primary x‐rays. It resulted in almost doubled CNR improvement as compare to the anti‐scatter grid method. Further improvement by using slot‐scan imaging with an anti‐scatter grid was found to be limited. Conflict of Interest: This work was supported in part by a research grant EB00117 from the NIH‐NIBIB and the research grants CA51248 and CA104759 from the NIH‐NCI.
Transcriptomic profiles of Aspergillus flavus CA42, a strain that produces small sclerotia, by decanal treatment and after recovery

Aspergillus flavus is a ubiquitous saprophyte and is capable of producing many secondary metabolites including the carcinogenic aflatoxins. The A. flavus population that produces small sclerotia (S strain) has been implicated as the culprit for persistent aflatoxin contamination in field crops. We investigated how the plant volatile decanal, a C10 fatty aldehyde, affected the growth and development of the S strain A. flavus. Decanal treatment yielded fluffy variants lacking sclerotia and conidia and exhibiting a dosage-dependent radial colony growth. We used RNA-Seq analysis to examine transcriptomic changes caused by decanal and after removal of decanal. Mature sclerotia contained only 80% of the total transcripts detected in all samples in comparison to 94% for the decanal treated culture. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that decanal treatment increased expression of genes involved in oxidoreductase activity, cellular carbohydrate metabolism, alcohol metabolism and aflatoxin biosynthesis. The treatment affected cellular components associated with cell wall, and gene expression of glucanases, α-amylases, pectinesterase and peptidase required for its biosynthesis was increased. After decanal was removed, the culture resumed sclerotial production. Moreover, its GO terms significantly overlapped with those of the untreated culture; five of the enriched molecular functions, oxidoreductase activity, monooxygenase activity, electron carrier activity, heme binding, and iron binding were found in the untreated culture. The GO term of cellular component enriched was mainly integral protein constituents of the membrane. The results suggested that decanal halted development at the vegetative state rendering the fungus unable to produce conidia and sclerotia. The induced fluffy phenotype could be related to lower transcript abundance of flbB, flbD, and flbE but not to veA expression. Increased abundance of the laeA transcript in the treated culture correlated with early transcriptional activation of aflatoxin and kojic acid biosynthesis gene clusters. Expression profiles revealed subtle differences in timing of activation of the respective 55 secondary metabolite gene clusters.
The response of a non-linear system to pulse excitation

Abstract The response of a non-linear single degree of freedom system subjected to a pulse excitation is investigated. By proper transformation of the displacement variable, such that the additional transformation function will be a solution of the linear system disturbed by the same pulse, the equation of motion is brought into a form for which Lighthill's extension of Poincare's perturbation method can be employed for the solution of the problem. Both the new displacement variable and the time are expanded into power series in ϵ with unknown coefficients of a third variable. The method is applied to various pulses for a vibrator with a cubic Duffing type restoring force. The pulses being treated are the exponentially decaying pulse, the exponential asymptotic step and the step function. The analytical results obtained are compared with the linear solution and illustrate the influence of the various parameters, such as pulse parameter, forcing function amplitude, and non-linearity.
Uncommon BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations in kinase inhibitor–resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia show high rates of regression, suggesting weak selective effects

To the editor: In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), extensive data are available on the development of the 15 to 20 most common BCR-ABL1 kinase domain (KD) mutations arising after imatinib treatment and their
Collagen 11a1 is indirectly activated by lymphocyte enhancer-binding factor 1 (Lef1) and negatively regulates osteoblast maturation.

Alpha 1 (XI) collagen (Col11a1) is essential for normal skeletal development. Mutations in Col11a1 cause Marshall and Stickler syndromes, both of which are characterized by craniofacial abnormalities, nearsightedness and hearing deficiencies. Despite its link to human diseases, few studies have described factors that control Col11a1 transcription. We previously identified Col11a1 as a differentially expressed gene in Lef1-suppressed MC3T3 preosteoblasts. Here we report that Lef1 activates the Col11a1 promoter. This activation is dependent upon the DNA binding domain of Lef1, but does not require the ²-catenin interaction domain, suggesting that it is not responsive to Wnt signals. Targeted suppression of Col11a1 with an antisense morpholino accelerated osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in C2C12 cells, similar to what was observed in Lef1-suppressed MC3T3 cells. Moreover incubation with a purified Col11a1 N-terminal fragment, V1B, prevented alkaline phosphatase expression in MC3T3 and C2C12 cells. These results suggest that Lef1 is an activator of the Col11a1 promoter and that Col11a1 suppresses terminal osteoblast differentiation.
Wisconsin gravity minimum: Solution of a geologic and geophysical puzzle and implications for cratonic evolution

An intense Bouguer gravity anomaly minimum extending across much of Wisconsin cannot be explained by the surface Phanerozoic sedimentary strata, the basement Precambrian geology, or the topography of the region. The most intense ({minus}100 mgal) part of the minimum coincides with the 1.47 Ga anorogenic granitic Wolf River batholith of northeastern Wisconsin. In southern Wisconsin, however, the densities of the Precambrian basement rocks, which are older than the batholith, provide no clue to the origin of the anomaly. The gradients of the minimum indicate that the source of the anomaly is in the upper crust. Furthermore, nearby deep seismic reflection data indicate that lower crustal structures do not significantly contribute to the gravity minimum. Thus, the minimum is appropriately interpreted as originating from the low-density Wolf River batholith that crops out only in northeastern Wisconsin but is buried beneath a veneer of older rocks in the southern and central parts of the state. Gravity modeling suggests that the batholith is at least 10 km thick and encompasses an area of {approximately}50,000 km{sup 2}. This interpretation provides an important clue to the origin of similar negative gravity anomalies of the Phanerozoic strata-covered craton. Also, the presence of this massive granitic bodymore » appears to have influenced the evolution of the craton - e.g., by controlling the location of the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent rift system and the Paleozoic Wisconsin arch. The fact that the Wolf River batholith is mostly buried suggests that central Wisconsin has been tectonically stable for the past 1.47 b.y. and that the Precambrian basement has been minimally eroded.« less
A job with a future? Delay discounting, magnitude effects, and domain independence of utility for career decisions.

Abstract Decision-makers are often faced with inter-temporal choices in which they are required to choose between options that differ in both value of and delay to outcomes. In this study, assumptions of Discounted Utility Theory (DU) were tested within inter-temporal career choices. According to DU, the same discount rate should be applied regardless of the amount of delay and magnitude of the outcome. In addition, DU predicts that, for economic substitutes, the same discount rate should be applied to both commodities. Contrary to assumptions of DU, but consistent with a hyperbolic discounting model, graduating college students’ job choices reflected non-constant discount rates (i.e., Delay Effect) for future salary and preferred tasks. In addition, these students exhibited lower discount rates for salary and percentage of preferred tasks (i.e., Magnitude Effect). Finally, the two were not found to be economic substitutes as there was a low correlation between discount rate for salary and percentage of preferred tasks (i.e., Domain Independence). Implications for employee recruitment and human resource management are discussed.
OCT-documented incision features and natural history of clear corneal incisions used for bimanual microincision cataract surgery.

The use of power modulation and the development of a new generation of intraocular lenses (IOL) have allowed phacoemulsification surgical techniques to move toward ever smaller incisions.1–3 It is now possible to perform phacoemulsification and implant IOLs through incisions less than 2 mm, which is commonly referred to as microincision cataract surgery (MICS).3 There are 2 types of MICS phacoemulsification: bimanual and coaxial. The bimanual MICS technique separates the irrigation and aspiration functions, each to a separate instrument. There is no irrigating sleeve on the phacoemulsification tip, which is known as sleeveless phacoemulsification. The efficacy of sleeveless phacoemulsification is established. When bimanual MICS was performed using an IOL that can be inserted through a sub-2 mm incision, visual acuities, corrected and uncorrected, were excellent, and retinal image quality was equal to that of conventional IOLs.3,4 Furthermore, bimanual MICS using sub-2 mm incision IOLs did not induce corneal astigmatism or corneal optical aberrations.5 Thus, bimanual MICS produced excellent outcomes. Still, bimanual sleeveless MICS is criticized for its steep learning curve, anterior chamber instability, limited infusion because of small instruments, and mechanical wound trauma.6 In part, to overcome these supposed problems, coaxial phacoemulsification through a sub-2 mm incision was introduced, coaxial MICS.7 When directly compared, coaxial and bimanual MICS, each had excellent visual results and similar surgically induced astigmatism and corneal endothelial cell loss.8,9 One ex vivo study, using scanning electron microscopy to describe the internal configuration of bimanual MICS incisions, suggested that the bimanual MICS incisions have less integrity than the coaxial MICS incisions; however, more recent clinical studies suggest otherwise.8–10 Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to describe the incision architecture of clear corneal incisions (CCI).11,12 To help understand the clinical healing of bimanual MICS incisions, the purpose of our study is to use OCT to describe changes of incision architecture over time after bimanual sleeveless MICS.
Multifactor Model for Predicting Delays at U.S. Airports

Traffic flow management (TFM), in coordination with airline operation centers, manages the arrival and departure flow of aircraft at the nation's airports on the basis of airport arrival and departure rates for each 15-min segment throughout the day. The management of traffic flow has become so efficient in the United States that approximately 95% of delays now occur at the airports (not while airborne). Inefficiencies in traffic flow occur when nontraffic flow delays (e.g., carrier, turnaround, aircraft swapping, and local weather delays) are superimposed on the traffic flow delays. Researchers have correlated these nontraffic flow delays at airports with sets of causal factors and have created models to predict aggregate delays at airports on the time scale of a day. To be consistent with the way traffic flow is managed, a model of causal factors of delays in 15-min increments would provide the basis for improving the efficiency of TFM. The development of multifactor models for predicting airport delays...
The Impact of International Acquisition Announcements on the Returns of U.S. Lodging Firms

The existing hospitality literature describes how global diversification in the hotel industry looks for a broader presence regardless of existing global representation. However, the finance litera...
The role of emitter quasi-bound state and scattering on intrinsic bistability in resonant tunneling diodes

Usually, numerical self-consistent calculations predict a much larger intrinsic bistability region than actually is measured in resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs). In addition, numerical calculations have shown that scattering in the well reduces bistability. We used a unified treatment of current flowing from continuum states and emitter quasi-bound states to show numerically and analytically that not only the scattering in the quantum well but also the scattering in the emitter reduces bistability. Moreover, within the Hartree approximation, bistability occurs by tunneling resonantly between emitter quasi-bound state and well quasi-bound state as a pitchfork bifurcation.
Mars Gravity: High-Resolution Results from Viking Orbiter 2

Doppler radio-tracking data have provided detailed measurements for a Martian gravity map extending from 30 deg S to 65 deg N in latitude and through 360 deg of longitude. The feature resolution is approximately 500 km, revealing a huge anomaly associated with Olympus Mons, a mascon in Isidis Planitia, and other anomalies correlated with volcanic structure. Olympus Mons has been modeled with a 600 km surface disk having a mass of 8.7 times 10 to the 21st grams.
Expectant treatment of mild endometriosis selectively favors survival of female fetuses

In this prospective cohort study, 30 women diagnosed at laparoscopy with mild endometriosis were treated expectantly and followed for 10 years. Eleven women had primary infertility and 19 secondary infertility. Before the diagnosis of endometriosis, 19 women had a total of 32 pregnancies: the female live birth rate was 25%, male live birth rate 28%, spontaneous abortion rate 44%, and ectopic pregnancy rate 3%. After expectant treatment of mild endometriosis, 25 women had a total of 51 pregnancies: the female live birth rate was 52.9%, male live birth rate 27.4%, spontaneous abortion rate 19.6%, and ectopic pregnancy rate zero. Expectant treatment of mild endometriosis in 30 infertile women resulted in 41 live-born infants: 66% females and 34% males. We conclude that expectant treatment of mild endometriosis selectively favors the survival of female infants.
Evaluation of corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis; Homoptera : Aphididae) honeydew as a food source for the egg parasitoid Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae)

Abstract The effect of honeydew produced by the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae), on the longevity and parasitism performance of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was evaluated in a series of experiments conducted on corn (Zea mays) plants under controlled laboratory conditions. Wasps confined in bioassay cages on corn leaves with either honey or aphids survived on average 212.0 h and 206.7 h, respectively, which was significantly greater than the mean survival of wasps confined with only a corn leaf (29.1 h) or with nothing (28.5 h). To measure parasitism, wasp cohorts comprising one male and four females were confined on corn leaves either with or without aphids, and allowed to parasitize eggs of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Wasps with access to aphid honeydew parasitized significantly more egg masses per day and a significantly higher proportion of eggs within each mass than wasps confined with only corn leaves. The total number of progeny produced by each wasp cohort per day and the proportion of progeny that were female were also significantly higher for the wasps provided with honeydew. Feeding treatment had no effect on the number of progeny emerging from each parasitized egg. We conclude that aphid honeydew has the potential to be an important within-field food resource that may impact the success of augmentative control of O. nubilalis by T. ostriniae released into cornfields.
Cultural Capital in East Asian Educational Systems The Case of Japan

Cultural capital has been an important but often elusive concept in the study of educational processes and social class reproduction. The authors suggest that this is partly because a country’s edu...
Structured narrative retell instruction for young children from low socioeconomic backgrounds: a preliminary study of feasibility.

Successful acquisition of literacy depends on adequate development of decoding skills as well as broader, meaning-related knowledge and skills for text comprehension. Children from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds are often challenged in both domains, relative to peers who are not economically disadvantaged. The efficacy of code-focused instructional programs for at-risk preliterate children is well supported, but less evidence is available regarding interventions to improve broader language and comprehension skills. This preliminary study tested the feasibility of a new intervention, “structured narrative retell instruction” (SNRI), and explored its potential to enhance meaning-related knowledge and skills, including vocabulary, listening comprehension, and narrative skills, in pre-literate, low SES children. SNRI used authentic children’s books to model comprehension processes, explicitly teach story grammar, and implicitly target microstructural aspects of narratives. Participants included 9 children with a mean age of 60 months, who were randomly assigned to SNRI or to code-focused literacy instruction (CFLI). Each group received 12, 40-minute instructional sessions over six weeks. Pre- and posttests were administered to assess vocabulary, listening comprehension, narrative macrostructure and narrative microstructure, as well as alphabet knowledge, phonological awareness, and concepts of print. The feasibility of SNRI was demonstrated by completion of the designed study, moderately high treatment fidelity, and qualitative feedback from interventionists. The SNRI group also made significant gains on four of the seven meaning-related measures (p < .10). In comparison, the CFLI group made significant gains on two of seven meaning-related measures. We conclude that SNRI is feasible and shows potential for improving language skills related to comprehension and that further research investigating its efficacy is warranted.