cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Critical Thinking Begins at Home: On Making a Shift in the Study of Religion

Using as the starting point experiences gained at the University of Alabama, this paper discusses the context and goals of developing and implementing what Tim Fitzgerald and others have called a critical study of religion program (both undergraduate and graduate) within a modern research university – an initiative that played a key role in our department’s successful reinvention, one that has been taking place over the past twenty years.
Don't You Forget About Me: Straight-Ticket Voting and Voter Roll-Off in Partisan and Nonpartisan Elections

Voter roll-off occurs when voters cast their vote for top-of-the-ballot races while failing to vote for lower-level races. Scholars have examined behavioral and structural reasons for voter roll-of...
Synthesis, structural characterization, and magnetic properties of NaRE9(GeO4)6O2 (RE = Nd, Pr)

Abstract The new compounds NaRE 9 (GeO 4 ) 6 O 2 (RE=Nd, Pr) have been synthesized at 500 and 524 °C, respectively, via the hydrothermal method. The compounds crystallize with an oxyapatite structure in the hexagonal space group P 6 3 / m with one formula unit in a cell of dimensions a =9.782(1) A, c =7.083(1) A ( T =293 K), V =587.0(2) A 3 for RE=Nd and a =9.802(1) A, c =7.116(1) A ( T =293 K), V =592.1(2) A 3 for RE=Pr. Each structure is composed of REO 7 and REO 9 polyhedra as well as GeO 4 tetrahedra. The magnetic susceptibility data indicates paramagnetic behavior for both compounds at temperatures between 60–300 K for Nd and 2–300 K for Pr with a Weiss constant of θ =44.8 and 33.5 K for Nd and Pr, respectively.
Gatekeeping Policies: Terminating Students for Nonacademic Reasons

Abstract This article reports findings from a national survey of MSW programs on the situations or behaviors that led them to develop or consider developing policies for nonacademic-based student terminations. The authors describe the most common behaviors reported, analyze the policy and procedure documents submitted by the MSW programs, and make recommendations based on their analyses.
Salivary gland progenitor cell biology provides a rationale for therapeutic salivary gland regeneration.

An irreversible loss of salivary gland function often occurs in humans after removal of salivary tumors, after therapeutic radiation of head and neck tumors, as a result of Sjogren's syndrome and in genetic syndromes affecting gland development. The permanent loss of gland function impairs the oral health of these patients and broadly affects their quality of life. The regeneration of functional salivary gland tissue is thus an important therapeutic goal for the field of regenerative medicine and will likely involve stem/progenitor cell biology and/or tissue engineering approaches. Recent reports demonstrate how both innervation of the salivary gland epithelium and certain growth factors influence progenitor cell growth during mouse salivary gland development. These advances in our understanding suggest that developmental mechanisms of mouse salivary gland development may provide a paradigm for postnatal regeneration of both mice and human salivary glands. Herein, we will discuss the developmental mechanisms that influence progenitor cell biology and the implications for salivary gland regeneration.
Social Safety Nets and Productivity Enhancing Investments in Agriculture

Safety nets are controversial. While their proponents see them as a means of ensuring that the benefits of economic growth are shared widely, critics see them as squandering scarce public resources and doing little to promote longer term development while discouraging work and investment. The objective of this paper is to question this widely held dichotomy. I argue that safety net interventions can contribute to agricultural and economic growth through their impact on asset creation, asset protection, resource allocation, and redistribution. Well designed and implemented social safety nets interventions can complement pro-poor agricultural investments and thus contribute to longer-term poverty reduction in addition to their short term direct impacts.
The Applied Cointegration Analysis for the Open Economy: A Critical Review

Most applied cointegration investigations for the open macro economy rely on error correction models to infer causality, predictability, market efficiency, dominance, and market segmentation. The error correction model is well defined only when cointegration is due to “simultaneous common factors.” When common factors are not explicitly described as in a “latent common factor” model, however, error correction models are misspecified. Researchers should therefore be careful in using the error correction model for cointegrated time series to ensure that they are indeed generated from simultaneous common factor models. Analysts should investigate the exact nature of both long-run and short-run relationships by presenting a full-fledged simultaneous equations model. Without such an explicit simultaneous equations model, the presence of cointegration will only uncover the existence of a long-run relationship, but not causality, predictability, market efficiency, dominance, or market segmentation. A “best practice” will be prescribed for the proper use and interpretation of cointegration application.
Complex Copyright: Mapping the Information Ecosystem

Contents: Introduction: a hitchhiker's guide to the information ecosystem Are publishers really like prairies? Copyright systems as complex adaptive systems A philosopher and a lobbyist walk into a bar: the theory and reality of copyright lawmaking Systems analysis for the copyright ecosystem Chaos, creativity, and copyright Complexifying copyright law: a possible future for copyright lawmaking Bibliography Index.
Twenty-fifth anniversary of the National Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Foundation.

When 6-month-old Mark Addison Roe of Greenwich, CT, died suddenly and unexpectedly in October 1958, his parents were told that the cause was "acute bronchial pneumonia." In those days, "it" was called by many names, such as suffocation, overlaying, aspiration, or various forms of pneumonia. The common thread was that all of the terms connoted that parents were either directly, or indirectly, by virtue of failing to secure medical care, responsible for the infant9s death. Mark9s death might have been the end of it were it not for the existence of a life insurance policy that his grandparents had bought at the time of his birth.
A preliminary study of a professional sport organization’s family-centered health promotion initiative

Building on the framework of the Social Ecological Model (Stokols 1996), this study explored corporate social marketing in professional sport by evaluating a 12-week family-centered health promotion initiative delivered by a U.S. professional sport organization. Three families (n = 10) participated in post-intervention focus groups to discuss their experiences with the initiative. The participants reported that this initiative produced an improvement in their health both individually and for the family. The findings further demonstrated two specific mechanisms by which the involvement of the professional sport organization and its players contributed to the health effect of the initiative: (a) serving as role models for child participants and (b) bringing personal accountability to program participation. The results of this preliminary study suggest that professional sport organizations can contribute to health promotion through a family-centered initiative.
LATIM, BIQUÍNI E SINFONIA DISCORDANTE: LÍNGUAS CLÁSSICAS E METODOLOGIA DE ENSINO

Neste artigo se discute a visao que os profissionais de Letras tem do latim e do ensino de linguas Classicas. Baseando-se na nocao de que o que faz uma lingua sao capacidades inatas e individuais do ser humano – e nao o uso dessa lingua entre individuos e em comunidade – o estudo de latim se encerra na leitura de textos escritos entre dois a quatros seculos, em oposicao a mais de dois milenios de uso do latim, e o ensino de lingua e individualista e formalista, em oposicao ao social e participativo. Se propoe que uma concepcao mais ampla de lingua e a nocao de aprendizagem como crescente participacao em atividades letradas podem transformar o estudante, de titubeante leitor de poucos autores, em ativo participante da comunidade que se extende por varios territorios do globo e abarca a producao de vinte seculos de historia: a producao mais ampla, mais diversificada, mais influente na historia social e literaria dos homens.
Inhibitory effect of a soybean-protein−related moiety on iron absorption in humans

The inhibitory effect of soybean protein isolates on nonheme-iron absorption was studied in 34 human subjects. Iron absorption was measured by using an extrinsic radioiron label in liquid-formula meals containing hydrolyzed corn starch, corn oil, and either egg white or a series of soybean-protein derivatives. The unmodified soybean-protein isolate markedly inhibited iron absorption. Percentage absorption was 19-fold higher when an extensively enzyme-hydrolyzed preparation with very little phytate was used as the protein source. Both the glycinin (11S) and conglycinin (7S) fractions of soybean protein were inhibitory to iron absorption. Dephytinization removed the inhibitory effect of the glycinin but not of the conglycinin fraction. We conclude that there are two major inhibitors of iron absorption in soybean-protein isolates, phytic acid and a protein-related moiety contained in the conglycinin (7S) fraction.
Modeling of encapsulated cell systems.

Tissue engineered substitutes consisting of cells in biocompatible materials undergo remodeling with time as a result of cell growth and death processes. With inert matrices that do not directly influence cell growth, remodeling is driven mainly by the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO). Insulin-secreting cell lines encapsulated in alginate-based beads and used as a pancreatic substitute represent such a case. Beads undergo remodeling with time so that an initially homogeneous distribution of cells is eventually replaced by a dense peripheral ring of primarily viable cells, whereas inner cells are mostly necrotic. This paper develops and analyzes a mathematical model of an encapsulated cell system of spherical geometry that tracks the viable and dead cell densities and the concentration of DO within the construct as functions of radial position and time. Model simulations are compared with experimental histology data on cell distribution. Correlations are then developed between the average intrabead DO concentration (AIDO) and the total viable cell number, as well as between AIDO and the radial cell and DO distributions in beads. As AIDO can be measured experimentally by incorporating a perfluorocarbon emulsion in the beads and acquiring 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data, these correlations can be used to track the remodeling that occurs in the construct in vitro and potentially in vivo. The usefulness of mathematical models in describing the dynamic changes that occur in tissue constructs with time, and the value of these models at obtaining additional information on the system when used interactively with experimental measurements, are discussed.
Who ya gonna call! You're on your own (Point) [on software usability design]

The issue here is not whether discount techniques should be used; they are inevitable. The issue is, in trying to do the best job you can with the ridiculously limited resources provided you, what should you do? How confident should you be in the techniques you are using? A bad design may come back and bite you. When you choose a technique to use in a hurry, you are placing your professional reputation and perhaps your job on the line. You deserve to know four things about any technique that you apply. The hit rate: How many real problems will this technique uncover? The false-alarm rate: How many (and what sorts) of things will it falsely identify as problems (that may not exist, but are costly and time consuming to "fix")? What does it miss? What types of problems (and how many) does this technique not discover? The correct rejections: How confident are you in your discount technique's ability to flag problems? Discount techniques are not a substitute for the potent combination of analytic and empirical methodologies that usability professionals can bring to bear in designing and evaluating an interface.
Nuclear relaxation of 19F in antiferromagnetic RbMnF3 at infinite temperature

Abstract Using newly derived forms for the spin-pair correlation functions, agreement within experimental error is obtained between Moriya's theory and the 19 F linewidth measurements in RbMnF 3 extrapolated to infinite temperature.
New Age Teaching: Beyond Didactics

Widespread acceptance of laparoscopic urology techniques has posed many challenges to training urology residents and allowing postgraduate urologists to acquire often difficult new surgical skills. Several factors in surgical training programs are limiting the ability to train residents in the operating room, including limited-hours work weeks, increasing demand for operating room productivity, and general public awareness of medical errors. As such, surgical simulation may provide an opportunity to enhance residency experience and training, and optimize post-graduate acquisition of new skills and maintenance of competency. This review article explains and defines the various levels of validity as it pertains to surgical simulators. The most recently and comprehensively validity tested simulators are outlined and summarized. The potential role of surgical simulation in the formative and summative assessment of surgical trainees, as well as, the certification and recertification process of postgraduate surgeons will be delineated. Surgical simulation will be an important adjunct to the traditional methods of surgical skills training and will allow surgeons to maintain their proficiency in the technically challenging aspects of minimally invasive urologic surgery.
Angiographic ablation of parathyroid adenomas: lessons from a 10-year experience

Angiographic ablation of parathyroid adenomas with ionic contrast material was performed in 24 patients with persistent hyperparathyroidism who had undergone at least one prior unsuccessful surgical resection; 23 had mediastinal adenomas. The success rate was 83% at 1 month after ablation and 71% at both 5 and 9 years. Ablation was successful in 85% of the patients in whom the catheter could be wedged into the artery feeding the adenoma. Long-term success was achieved in 89% of the patients in whom contrast enhancement persisted in the adenoma on computed tomographic scans obtained 24 hours later. Acute complications were seen only in patients with glands supplied by the inferior or superior thyroid arteries. Long-term complications were limited to permanent hypocalcemia, present in 8% of patients. Even if unsuccessful for ablation, the procedure may provide localization and does not preclude surgical resection. It is recommended for most patients with persistent hyperparathyroidism and mediastinal adenomas, especially adenomas supplied by the internal thoracic artery.
Enantioselective Michael reactions. Stereoselective addition of enolates of phenmenthol esters to crotonates

Abstract A method is described for enantioselective synthesis which is based on the stereoselective Michael addition of phenmenthol enolates such as 5 to E -crotonate esters. A stereomechanistic rationale is presented.
Authority, Accountability, and Preemption

(2011). Authority, Accountability, and Preemption. Jurisprudence: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 103-119.
A view from the periphery - health care in rural America.

Dr. Roger A. Rosenblatt explains that rural patients increasingly demand access to the same spectrum and quality of care as their urban counterparts. Effective rural systems must be based on a menu of core services, delivered largely by generalists in settings linked to regional centers.
Reaction of a carbodiimide adduct of ATP at the active site of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase.

An adduct of a carbodiimide and ATP was synthesized from 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC) and the nucleotide. Despite its limited stability (t 1/2 for hydrolysis of about 5 min at 25 o C), it was shown to react with and inactivate the calcium ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum in its vesicular, nonionic detergent-solubilized and purified forms. Saturation kinetics, with an ATP-EDC concentration dependence midpoint in the 10 μM range, were observed, suggesting an active-site affinity which is similar to ATP. The reaction was specific in that inactivation required reaction of about one adduct per ATPase. The modified enzyme could no longer be phosphorylated by ATP or P i or hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl phosphate, but retained the ability to undergo the high-affinity calcium-dependent fluorescence change. It also bound trinitrophenyl-ADP and other nucleotides at least 10-fold more weakly than the unmodified ATPase. The inactivation reaction required the presence of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ and was prevented by nucleotides such as ATP and ADP. For magnesium, the inactivation-enabling effect occurred with a midpoint of 3mM. In the case of calcium, the transition resembled high-affinity binding in that it occurred cooperatively with a midpoint in the micromolar range. Higher [Mg 2+ ] shifted this transition to higher [Ca 2+ ]. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) demonstrated that the reaction converted the ATPase (M r =1.1×10 5 ) to a species with an apparent M r =(1.7−1.8)×10 5 . Since nonionic detergent-solubilized ATPase and purified ATPase gave similar results, intramolecular cross-linking is implicated. Comparison with control ATPase of the effect of limited trypsin proteolysis; which normally produces three fragments (A 1 ,A 2 , and B), showed only the A 2 fragment was obtained from the cross-linked ATPase; a cross-link between the A 1 and B fragments is thereby suggested. Trypsinization before and after ATP-EDC treatment gave simila
Charge transfer spectra and photoelectron emission by solutions

Abstract : Charge transfer absorption spectra are correlated to the energetics of photoelectron emission by donor and/or acceptor solutions. Donor-acceptor pairs include: 10 inorganic anions and solvent (water); five cations (V(2+) to Co(2+)) and solvent; solvent and atoms (H, Cl, Br, I), OH radical, Fe(3+), Ce(4+); anion-cation pairs exhibiting charge transfer in the 7 to 10 eV range.
Beyond Self-Deprecation and Racism: Versions of African History in 'Bound to Violence' and 'Two Thousand Seasons' (Le Devoir du Violence)

There are few (if any) contemporary African writers who have been subjected to more strident critical attacks for their manner of depicting African history in fictional form than have Yambo Ouologuem of Mali and Ayi Kwei Armah of Ghana. According to critics such as Yves Benot (1970), J. Mbelolo ya Mpiku (1971), and Phanuel Egejuru (1978), Ouologuem deserves condemnation because of his negative, even perverse, depiction of Nakem, his fictional equivalent of pre-colonial and colonial Africa in his novel, Bound to Violence (1973). Such a portrayal, these critics maintain, is an exercise in self-deprecation and a distortion of history. Armah, on the other hand, is attacked for alleged racism in Two Thousand Seasons (1979). Scholars such as Kirsten Holst Petersen (1976), Bernth Lindfors (1980), and Peter Sabor (1981) argue that Armah twists African history by what they consider to be his racist and offensive description of non-Blacks (Arabs and Europeans) in that novel. In this article, I wish to argue that, while these critics are quite correct in detecting some distortion of African history in both novels, they have faulted the authors for the wrong reasons. Also, I will try to demonstrate that some avoidable errors of interpretation which have continued to plague these works are largely due to an absence of proper historical and socioliterary considerations in some assessments of the texts.
Preschoolers in America are touched less and are more aggressive than preschoolers in France

Forty French and American preschool children were observed on playgrounds with their parents and peers. The American parents watched and touched their children less than the French parents. The American children played with their parents, talked with and touched their parents less and were more aggressive toward their parents. During peer interactions the American children also showed less touching their peers and more grabbing their peers’ toys, more aggression toward their peers and more fussing.
THE RENAL LYMPHATICS AND THERAPY OF PYELONEPHRITIS1

SUMMARY 1 Urinary levels of Furadantin exceed the drug concentrations in the renal lymph and plasma. 2 Renal lymph levels of Furadantin exceed plasma levels by two-fold to three-fold. (a) Antimicrobial activity is demonstrated in the renal lymph against Esch. coli. 3 Plasma concentrations of Chloromycetin exceed renal lymph levels by two-fold. (a) Antimicrobiological activity of renal lymph containing Chloromycetin is demonstrated against Shigella sonnei. 4 Renal hilar lymph containing Furadantin was obtained from a patient. Renal hilar lymph concentrations exceeded plasma levels by five-fold. 5 All therapeutic agents alleged to be effective in treating pyelonephritis need to be reevaluated using the renal lymph-plasma system.
Design and fabrication of diffractive optics for orbital angular momentum space division multiplexing

This work presents the design and fabrication of diffractive optical elements for use in optical communication systems. The device geometry uses a vortex pattern to impart orbital angular momentum (OAM) onto an incident beam, providing a robust method for transmitting information through free space. Two refractive elements were designed and fabricated to use log-polar coordinate transformation of an incident OAM beam at 1550 nm for communications systems. Furthermore, diffractive elements were designed based on the phase profile of this refractive element. Fabrication of the devices uses conventional photolithography on a fused silica substrate.
Hyper-Rayleigh light scattering from an aqueous suspension of purple membrane.

Here we report the first observation of hyper-Rayleigh light scattering from bacteriorhodopsin in the form of an aqueous suspension of unoriented purple membranes. A typical purple membrane suspension used in our experiments contains approximately 108 randomly oriented purple membranes. Each purple membrane contains approximately 105 bacteriorhodopsin molecules in a two-dimensional crystalline array. Hyper-Rayleigh light scattering is observed when the purple membrane suspension is illuminated with light that has a wavelength of 1064 nm. We propose that the 532-nm scattered light from each of the bacteriorhodopsin molecules in a single purple membrane is coherent, and that the scattered light from different purple membranes is incoherent. This proposal is supported by the following experimental observations: (a) the 532-nm light intensity is proportional to the square of the incident power, (b) the intensity of the 532-nm signal is linearly proportional to the concentration of purple membrane in solution, (c) the scattered 532-nm light is incoherent, (d) the scattered 532-nm light intensity decreases if the size of the purple membranes is reduced while the bacteriorhodopsin concentration is kept constant, and (e) the 532-nm light is due to the retinal chromophore of the bacteriorhodopsin molecule. The ratio of horizontal polarized hyper-Rayleigh scattered light to vertically polarized hyper-Rayleigh scattered light gives the angle (23 ± 4°) of the retinal axis with respect to the plane of the purple membrane. The hyperpolarizability of the bacteriorhodopsin molecule is found to be 5 ± 0.4 × 10−27 esu.
Advances in fission track dating

Abstract Recent advances in fission track dating have to do with dating of past exposures to thermal chemical or mechanical effects. The latter two effects exist but have yet to be used. In contrast methods of recognizing thermal effects and correcting for them are well developed for glasses. In natural crystals, however, an adequate understanding of such effects remains to be acquired.
Self-adapted testing: Improving performance by modifying tests instead of examinees

Abstract This paper describes self-adapted testing and some of the evidence concerning its effects, presents possible theoretical explanations for those effects, and discusses some of the practical concerns regarding self-adapted testing. Self-adapted testing is a variant of computerized adapted testing in which the examinee makes dynamic choices about the difficulty of the items he or she attempts. Self-adapted testing generates scores that are, in contrast to computerized adapted test and fixed-item tests, uncorrelated with a measure of trait test anxiety. This lack of correlation with an irrelevant attribute of the examinee is evidence of an improvement in the construct validity of the scores. This improvement comes at the cost of a decrease in testing efficiency. The interaction between test anxiety and test administration mode is more consistent with ainterference theory of test anxiety than a deficit theory. Some of the practical concerns regarding self-adapted testing can be ruled out logically, bu...
Issues of designing gestures into online interactions: implications for communicating in virtual environments

This paper describes the use and design of gestures for online virtual environment interactions. Virtual Environments (VEs), are three dimensional virtual worlds that combine sound, text, and gestures in computer-mediated communication (CMC) processes. In VEs, communication can be done through text-based CMC such as instant messaging and chat, but also through additional gestural, visual, proxemic and deictic non-verbal channels. For this reason, VEs require an understanding of the impact of gestures in various contexts. This paper will outline common CMC medium affordances as related to VEs and discuss the importance of using gestures in various online communication contexts. In doing so, this paper will explore the issues that may influence the design and use of gestures for specific professional communication purposes. Because gestures may serve in addressing intercultural contexts and have informational and cognitive communicative benefits within virtual environments, this paper will end with an exploration of specific gesture designs that may help facilitate their use by professional communicators.
Specific failure identification algorithms for the F-8

Analytical redundancy is applied to the pitch axis of an aircraft to enhance sensor fault detection. Three different designs based on monitoring Kalman filter residuals or likelihood functions were developed. Sensor failures were simulated to evaluate the performance of the algorithms on a non-linear simulation of an F-8C aircraft. Based on requirements for sensor fault detection and preliminary simulator performance it is concluded that these algorithms have the potential for reducing the level of sensor redundancy in a digital flight control system without compromising performance.
Physiological reactions of black, Puerto Rican, and white students in suggested ethnic encounters.

Summary Eighty-eight male and female black, Puerto Rican, and white university students were asked five questions that suggested ethnic interactions with one another. The study examined (a) level of stress each group experienced in relation to one another, (b) relative stress one group has toward the other two, (c) comparative stress two groups experience toward the third group, (d) a possible trend of greater stress as encounters are more intimate, (e) difference between self-reported and measured stress. All three groups were found to experience stress toward one another in suggested encounters. Each group experienced similar stress toward the other two. White students experienced more stress than blacks and Puerto Ricans in certain situations. A tendency of more stress in situations that contained an element of the “unknown” rather than “intimacy” was found. Students verbally reported greater comfort in ethnic encounters than was measured in their physiological reactions.
Nucleation-induced kinetic hindrance to the oxide formation during the initial oxidation of metals

A kinetic model is developed to elucidate the nucleation rate of oxide islands during the initial stages of oxidation of metals. Our theoretical analysis shows that the nucleation of oxide islands requires a critical oxygen pressure below which the nucleation rate is practically equal to zero and increases dramatically beyond it. The kinetic model shows that this critical oxygen pressure is many orders of magnitude larger than the equilibrium oxygen pressure predicted from the bulk thermodynamics. Comparison between the kinetic model and experimental data is made over a wide range of oxidation temperature.
MO‐E‐330A‐06: Cone Beam CT (CBCT) Image Fusion for Prostate Localization: Interobserver Variability Study Using Manual and Automatic Registration

Purpose: Applying manual registration of CBCT to a reference image for prostate localization increases treatment time affecting prostate motion and patient setup. A reliable automatic registration can be more time efficient and accurate. This preliminary study demonstrates variability of manual fusion by multiple observers comparing manual to an in‐house automatic fusion. Methods and Materials: 7 patients with 7 CBCT scans each were studied by 4 observers. Off‐line manual fusion between CBCT and Simulation CT was performed using On‐Board Imaging (OBI) software by Varian version 1.2. We pre‐defined our Region of Interest (ROI) and Organ of Interest (OOI) to be the pelvic bones and the prostate respectively. Offsets were recorded in 4 degrees of freedom (3 translations and couch rotation). To increase precision, one outlier observation was excluded. Interobserver variation in manual registration was studied by determining percentage of observations that fall within 1 mm and 1 degree standard deviation (SD). Automatic registration, utilizing the uphill simplex, gradient correlation and mutual information similarity measures, was compared to the manual matched results using frequency histograms of the differences between the two methods. System robustness is checked using prostate calcifications. Results: Comparing different observers, 69% cranial‐caudal (C‐C), 83% anterior‐posterior (A‐P), 100% right‐left (R‐L), and 100% (couch rotation) of the observations fall within 1 mm,1 degree SD for ROI. 69% C‐C, 75% A‐P, 90% R‐L, and 100% couch rotation were observed for OOI. ROI/OOI automatic fusion showed 92%/85% overall agreement with manual fusion within 2 mm respectively. Conclusion: Manual registration is time consuming and demonstrates observers' variations. The automatic method localizes the prostate within 15 seconds. More observers and measurements, methods utilizing drawn contours and implanted fiducial markers, will be required for system accuracy and precision. Our automatic registration with feed back from observers' experiences would enable on‐line correction for prostate motion.
Membrane potential of mitochondrial measured with microelectrodes

The membrane potentials of giant mitochondria from cuprizone-fed mice were found to be independent of metabolic state. Experiments are described in which the presence of the microelectrodes in the inner mitochondrial space, and the metabolic viability of the impaled mitochonidra, are validated.
Effects of Early Maturation of Brown Egg-Type Pullets, Flock Uniformity, Layer Protein Level, and Cage Design on Egg Production, Egg Size, and Egg Quality

Abstract Eight-week-old Harco Sex-Link pullets were assigned to four growing regimens. Feed was restricted to Group 1. The birds reached an average weight of 1.52 kg at 20 weeks of age and were then light stimulated. Group 2 received the same ration ad lib and reached an average weight of 1.64 kg at 16 weeks. At this age they were light stimulated. Birds in Groups 3 and 4 were separated into two weight classes at 8 weeks of age. Those below the median weight received an 18% protein grower ration and those above the median weight a 16% ration. Group 3 birds were grown similarly to Group 1; Group 4 birds were grown similarly to Group 2. At housing, each group was equally divided and given either a 17 or 19% protein layer ration. Two cage designs (standard and reverse) were used and each treatment combination was equally represented. Ad lib-fed, early-housed pullets reached 1.64 kg at 16 weeks of age, but they did not come into production until 19.4 weeks of age. Hen-day percent production (HDP) was significantly less than for the late-housed pullets. Feed per dozen eggs was not affected by the early housing, but early-housed pullets laid significantly smaller eggs and feed per gram egg was significantly increased. Hens in reverse cages on a 19% protein layer ration laid the largest eggs in weight and size. Although early housing had a detrimental effect on average egg weight, it appeared possible to manipulate egg weight and size distribution through a combination of cage design and layer protein. Birds grouped by body weight at 8 weeks had higher uniformity, but this trait was not correlated with egg numbers or size. Moreover, housing body weights were not significantly correlated with egg size, suggesting factors other than body weight were responsible for the smaller eggs from early-housed pullets.
Hazel Katherine Stiebeling (1896-1989).

As a matter of new policy, Nutrition Reviews will include an occasional biographic article on a distinguished nutritionist whose work has had exceptional public health impact. The first to be so honored is Hazel Stiebeling, who truly put Nutrition Science to work for better everyday living. The Editors
Adult-child interaction analysis: methodology and case application.

A revised methodology for analyzing adult-child interactions incorporating the use of videotape is presented. Results obtained from the application of this methodology to a successfully treated case of prolonged subsistence on pureed foods demonstrate that it is valid and useful. Objective confirmation of previous subjective clinical impressions and judgments was provided, and previously unnoted behavioral characteristics of mother, child, and therapist were revealed. The clinical, research, and training potential of this comprehensive yet unobtrusive methodology is discussed.
Interpretation of the odds ratio from logistic regression after a transformation of the covariate vector

Logistic regression assumes a linear relationship between the logit and the continuous covariate. When the relationship is not linear, one can employ transformations of the covariate to satisfy the linearity assumption. We present an approach that allows interpretation of the odds ratio as it relates to the continuous covariate in its original metric. A numerical example illustrates the results.
Direct evidence for embryonic uptake of paternally-derived nutrients in two pipefishes (Syngnathidae: Syngnathus spp.)

Seahorses, sea dragons and pipefishes of the teleost family Syngnathidae are unique in that embryos develop within specialized brooding structures of the male. We enriched brooding Syngnathus fuscus and Syngnathus floridae males with injections of L-lysine-[15N2] and 16:0-palmitic acid 1-[13C] to demonstrate embryonic uptake of paternally-derived nutrients. While all embryos demonstrated amino acid enrichment, late stages showed significantly higher [15N], indicating greater utilization of paternal resources as yolk reserves diminished and embryonic energy demands increased. Limited embryonic [13C] uptake, defined as less than 10% of adult enrichment, in 75 and 81% of S. floridae and S. fuscus respectively signified rapid lipid metabolism and thus the need for greater enrichment. Interspecific differences in embryonic uptake of paternally-derived nutrients were not demonstrated. However, interspecific differences in egg nutrient reserves and fry size but comparable fry nutrient levels along with data from a published paternal exposure study indicate paternal transfer in S. fuscus most likely compensates for the comparative egg nutrient deficiency. This study is the first to our knowledge to provide direct evidence for the functional significance of the brood pouch in nutrient provisioning. These results add comparative information on the diversity of Syngnathid paternal care and further our understanding of paternal influence on development.
ALL FIFTEEN POSSIBLE ARRANGEMENTS OF THREE DISULFIDE BRIDGES IN PROTEINS ARE KNOWN

Abstract A search of the literature reveals that all 15 possible arrangements of 3 disulfide bridges in proteins have been experimentally determined.
Cost efficient and effective gene transfer into the human natural killer cell line, NK92

Introducing genes into cells is a crucial step in many fields of basic research, as well as for the development of new drugs and therapies. Many cell types are resistant to normal methods of gene delivery, such as lipid based transfection and electroporation. Delivery to resistant cell lines can be costly or inefficient. Natural killer (NK) cells are highly resistant to transfection. We have developed a novel method to deliver exogenous genes in the NK cell line, NK92. Using a combination of electroporation and a defined buffer, we were able to obtain an electroporation efficiency of 40% in NK92 cells. Using RNAi, we show significant reduction of an endogenous protein (ETS1) using this optimized buffer and electroporation conditions. Taken together, the results show a functional and cost effective method for the expression of exogenous genes in NK cells.
Selective Reflection and Transmission from Perturbed Chiral Sculptured Thin Films

The effects of varying the angle of rise as a function of depth are investigated for chiral sculptured thin films. A matrix differential equation describing the propagation of light in the film which may result from plane waves at normal as well as oblique angles of incidence is developed. Using the piecewise homogeneity approximation, reflectance and transmittance spectrums are then determined for chiral thin films of TaO2 with periodic perturbations in the angle of rise as a function of depth into the film. Available empirical data are used to realistically model the dielectric and structural characteristics of the perturbed films. The effects on Bragg reflections of various orders are described for each perturbation.
“Sendo agora, como se fôssemos, uma família”: laços entre companheiros de viagem no navio negreiro Emília, no Rio de Janeiro e através do Mundo Atlântico

Resumo: Este artigo analisa a vida dos africanos num navio negreiro, o Emilia. O navio foi capturado pelafragata inglesa Morgiana em 1821 e levado ao Rio de Janeiro. No Rio, a comissao mista anglo-portuguesacondenou o navio pelo crime de comercio ilicito de escravos. Os africanos do Emilia ficaram na condicao de“africanos livres” sob a custodia do governo local por um periodo de quatorze anos. Foram distribuidos entreinstituicoes publicas e concessionarios particulares para servir como “trabalhadores livres”. Na pratica suasexperiencias de trabalho foram semelhantes as de escravos. Depois de quatorze anos, um grupo dos africanoslivres do Emilia voltou a Africa juntos. O artigo propoe que a identidade mais importante para reforcar asrelacoes entre os africanos nao foi uma identidade etnica, mas sim uma identidade nascida no Emilia, umaidentidade de companheiros de viagem. Abstract: This article analyzes the lives of a group of Africans from a slave ship, the Emilia. The ship was seizedby the British frigate Morgiana in 1821 and taken to Rio de Janeiro. There, it was condemned by the British andPortuguese mixed commission court for illegal slave trading. The recaptives from the Emilia became “liberatedAfricans” and remained under the custody of the local government for fourteen years. They were distributedamong public institutions and private hirers to serve as “free laborers”. In practice, their labor experiences wereclose to slavery. After fourteen years, a group of the Africans from the Emilia went back to Africa together. Thearticle claims that rather than an ethnic identity, the most important bond among them was the identity theycreated during the middle passage on board the Emilia, a shipmate identity.
Childhood sexual abuse as a predictor of adult female sexual dysfunction: A study of couples seeking sex therapy

The present study investigated 359 married adult women who sought sex therapy with their spouses. Discriminant function analyses indicated that childhood sexual abuse plus a college education significantly discriminated between women with and without a diagnosed sexual dysfunction. Among abused women, abuse involving sexual penetration significantly discriminated between dysfunctional and nondysfunctional women. Current findings confirm previous theory and research regarding a connection between childhood sexual abuse and adult female dysfunction. Furthermore, the findings suggest that abuse involving sexual penetration is specifically associated with adult sexual dysfunction. Between 75% to 94% of women with a sexual dysfunction could be accurately identified on the basis of prior abuse, but many nondysfunctional women were misclassified. Future research should examine additional variables that may contribute to sexual dysfunction such as levels of anxiety and depression, as well as features of the marital relationship such as marital satisfaction and communication skills.
The foundations of ordinal factor analysis: affine and spherical geometries induced by a collection of weak orders

Abstract The model for ordinal factor analysis represents individuals as vectors and represents their rankings on tests as projections onto suitable directed axes. This paper constructs such a vectorial model (analytic affine and spherical geometries) from a synthetic geometry whose undefined concepts are abstract orders on an arbitrary set. The first part of the construction uses only the equivalence relations obtained from the set of orderings. A series of seven axioms permits construction of linear and dual (spherical) subspaces satisfying the ordinary dimensional rules. The one-dimensional linear objects constructed in this way are called lines . The second half of the construction is based on Axiom 8, which asserts that all the orderings are consistent in the betweenness relation induced on any given line. This permits the introduction of order topology on each line. Four topological axioms are introduced, including connectedness of lines, which implies constructibility of certain intersections. A theory of affine congruence can then be developed, leading to the introduction of real-valued coordinates.
Ranking Chemical Structures for Drug Discovery: A New Machine Learning Approach

With chemical libraries increasingly containing millions of compounds or more, there is a fast-growing need for computational methods that can rank or prioritize compounds for screening. Machine learning methods have shown considerable promise for this task; indeed, classification methods such as support vector machines (SVMs), together with their variants, have been used in virtual screening to distinguish active compounds from inactive ones, while regression methods such as partial least-squares (PLS) and support vector regression (SVR) have been used in quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis for predicting biological activities of compounds. Recently, a new class of machine learning methods - namely, ranking methods, which are designed to directly optimize ranking performance - have been developed for ranking tasks such as web search that arise in information retrieval (IR) and other applications. Here we report the application of these new ranking methods in machine learning to the task of ranking chemical structures. Our experiments show that the new ranking methods give better ranking performance than both classification based methods in virtual screening and regression methods in QSAR analysis. We also make some interesting connections between ranking performance measures used in cheminformatics and those used in IR studies.
Solving an international corporation’s travel dilemma

Abstract This instructional case, using the New Hampshire subsidiary of a London-based company, examines a financial reporting manager’s actual role in minimizing corporate travel expense and the related record keeping necessary to ensure ISO 14001 compliance. Students must use both quantitative and non-quantitative data to evaluate several alternatives while considering corporate policy ramifications of their ‘accounting’ decision. This case is designed primarily for the introductory managerial accounting course; and if used early in the semester, will reinforce course vocabulary. In addition, the case can be used later in the semester to provide a realistic application illustrating relevant costing and decision-making.
Males and Females with Eating Disorders

Abstract In this study, 15 male and 15 female patients with serious eating disorders were compared. The two groups were similar in terms of demographics, comorbid conditions, and physiological complications. All three males who had bone density assessed had significant osteopenia. Abuse histories were obtained from 10 males and 10 females; childhood sexual abuse was as common among males as among females, and physical and verbal abuse was more common among the males. Abuse of others or of self was correlated, in every case, with a history of physical, sexual, or verbal abuse. Outcome was similar, with one-third to one-half of both groups significantly improved.
Quantitative autoradiography of (3H)muscimol binding in rat brain

A simple quantitative autoradiographic technique for the study of neurotransmitter receptors that includes the use of a tritium-sensitive film permits saturation, kinetic, and competition studies of brain samples as small as 0.01 cubic millimeter. This technique was used to study [3H]muscimol binding in rat brain. Unilateral gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor supersensitivity was observed in the substantia nigra pars reticulata after production of localized lesions of the ipsilateral corpus striatum.
Strengthening Schools: Involving Paraprofessionals in Crisis Prevention and Intervention

Two important questions arise when creating a school crisis plan: (a) Who should be trained as part of the crisis team? and (b) What type of training will be the most effective and practical? The a...
Segmenting Green Consumers in the United States: Implications for Green Marketing

The purpose of the current study was to segment U.S. consumers into four distinct clusters based on their beliefs and motives regarding pro-environmental consumer behavior. Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults from Experian Simmons (N = 22,348), this study revealed that: (a) there are four clusters of consumers in the United States with a unique set of beliefs and motives regarding consumer environmentalism; (b) the clusters have distinct demographic and media usage profiles; and (c) the groups have varying responses to the industry's initiatives to protect the environment. Implications of the research are discussed in light of developing message and media strategies for green marketing.