cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oligocene Laramide deformation in southern New Mexico and its implications for Farallon plate geodynamics

The Silver City Range in southwest New Mexico contains Proterozoic basement rocks that are overlain by a sequence of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleogene strata. These rocks are folded in a broad, NW-SE–trending, east-facing monocline that lies structurally above an east-directed thrust fault. The youngest rocks folded in the Silver City monocline are similar to other late Eocene and early Oligocene volcanic rocks of the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field; an ash-flow tuff near the bottom of the volcanic sequence gives an 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age on sanidine of 34.9 ± 0.4 Ma (2σ), and another tuff near the top of the section contains zircons that yield a weighted 206 Pb/ 238 U age of 34.6 ± 0.6 Ma (2σ). We interpret similar structures in the Little Burro Mountains, Lone Mountain, and Bayard area, immediately east and west of the Silver City monocline, to all be genetically related to a system of basement-involved thrust faults. Modeling of these structures from the Mangas Valley in the southwest to the Mimbres Valley in the northeast, suggests ∼17% total shortening. We conclude that Laramide shortening was active in southwest New Mexico generally, and the Silver City region in particular, from the Cretaceous until the earliest phase of Mogollon-Datil volcanism beginning at ∼37 Ma, during which time the earliest extension in the southern Rio Grande rift was initiated. The final stage of Laramide shortening, recorded in the Silver City monocline, took place during a lull of volcanism (and extension) from ∼31.5 to ∼29.3 Ma. We explain the contemporaneity of shortening, significant ignimbrite eruptions, and crustal extension as the consequence of intermittent slab breakoff and renewed underthrusting of the downgoing Farallon plate.
Revised diagnosis of the genus Gonorhynchus McClelland (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeonini) with redescription of G. latius (Hamilton) and revalidation of G. wattanah (Sykes).

A new diagnosis of the genus Gonorhynchus McClelland 1838 from South Asia is proposed. Seven species are contained in the genus: G. latius (Hamilton 1822), G. diplochilus (Heckel 1838), G. wattanah (Sykes 1839), G. macmahoni (Zugmayer 1912), G. burmanicus (Hora 1936), G. bicornis (Wu 1977), and G. periyarensis (Menon & Jacob 1996). Gonorhynchus latius , a senior synonym of the type species G. brevis M’Clelland 1839 is redescribed. Crossocheilus gohama (M’Clelland 1839) and Crossochilus rostratus Gunther 1868 are considered junior synonyms of G. latius, and a neotype is designated for G. latius . Gonorhynchus wattanah (Sykes 1839) from the Krishna and Godavari River basins in western India is revalidated and redescribed with the designation of a neotype. Akrokolioplax Zhang & Kottelat 2006 is a junior synonym of Gonorhynchus .
A database of human exposomes and phenomes from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a population survey implemented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to monitor the health of the United States whose data is publicly available in hundreds of files. This Data Descriptor describes a single unified and universally accessible data file, merging across 255 separate files and stitching data across 4 surveys, encompassing 41,474 individuals and 1,191 variables. The variables consist of phenotype and environmental exposure information on each individual, specifically (1) demographic information, physical exam results (e.g., height, body mass index), laboratory results (e.g., cholesterol, glucose, and environmental exposures), and (4) questionnaire items. Second, the data descriptor describes a dictionary to enable analysts find variables by category and human-readable description. The datasets are available on DataDryad and a hands-on analytics tutorial is available on GitHub. Through a new big data platform, BD2K Patient Centered Information Commons ( http://pic-sure.org ), we provide a new way to browse the dataset via a web browser ( https://nhanes.hms.harvard.edu ) and provide application programming interface for programmatic access. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
Text-Based Argumentation With Multiple Sources: A Descriptive Study of Opportunity to Learn in Secondary English Language Arts, History, and Science

This study presents a descriptive analysis of 71 videotaped lessons taught by 34 highly regarded secondary English language arts, history, and science teachers, collected to inform an intervention focused on evidence-based argumentation from multiple text sources. Studying the practices of highly regarded teachers is valuable for identifying promising practices and stubborn obstacles to reform. We found that although these highly regarded teachers allocated 3 times more class time to working with text than to teacher lecture and explanation, opportunities to engage in text-based argumentation with multiple sources were rare. Furthermore, less than a 3rd of the time allocated to working with text engaged students in actively making meaning from text. When literacy tasks did occur, they were associated with a disciplinary knowledge focus, challenging the notion that literacy activity occurs at the expense of content instruction. Close reading and cross-textual analysis frequently co-occurred with each other...
Of Promise and Peril: Doctoral Study in Public Administration in the 21st Century

The author, a recent graduate of the Doctor in Public Administration program, shares his thoughts about what it means to study public administration in the twenty-first century. He hopes his insights, born out of more than a forty year-long career in the field—decades of work in colleges and universities as a faculty member, dean, provost, vicepresident, and acting president, as well as his extensive experience in teaching public administration at the graduate and undergraduate levels—will help doctoral students in their academic pursuits. More specifically, he hopes that his remarks will make Ph.D. students think more deeply about the promise of their endeavors and, on the other hand, give them advance warning about perils of the process and ways to avoid them.
An Objective Scoring Procedure to Assess Cognitive Style from Open-Ended Verbal Responses: The Modified this I Believe Test

An objective scoring procedure for paragraph completion tests of cognitive style is offered: the Modified This I Believe Test (MTIB). It consists of seven sentence stems soliciting beliefs about societal institutions. Judges were provided with a checklist for the three structural properties of the response: differentiation—i. e., the number of dimensions used; articulation—i. e., the complexity of each dimension; and integration—i. e., the interrelatedness of the separate aspects of the response. These properties were taken to represent structural aspects of the respondent’s cognition. The scores ranged from 0 to 7 for each variable. Interjudge reliabilities were 0.84, 0.90, and 0.85, respectively, for the first week of testing. The interjudge reliabilities for the second week of testing were, in order, 0.92, 0.92, and 0.90. The respective test-retest stability coefficients between the first and second weeks of testing for the variables were 0.64,0.66, and 0.69. Although explained variances were low, significant correlations in the expected directions were found between the three measures of the MTIB and Wyer’s (1964) measures of differentiation (Dl) and integration (II). The MTIB-based measures were not significantly affected by verbal fluency (Word Endings Test, Fwl).
Audience design in multiparty conversation

How do speakers design what they say in order to communicate effectively with groups of addressees who vary in their background knowledge of the topic at hand? Prior findings indicate that when a speaker addresses a pair of listeners with discrepant knowledge, that speakers Aim Low, designing their utterances for the least knowledgeable of the two addressees. Here, we test the hypothesis that speakers will depart from an Aim Low approach in order to efficiently communicate with larger groups of interacting partners. Further, we ask whether the cognitive demands of tracking multiple conversational partners' perspectives places limitations on successful audience design. We find that speakers can successfully track information about what up to four of their partners do and do not know in conversation. When addressing groups of 3-4 addressees at once, speakers design language based on the combined knowledge of the group. These findings point to an audience design process that simultaneously represents the perspectives of multiple other individuals and combines these representations in order to design utterances that strike a balance between the different needs of the individuals within the group.
Imaging Catalytic Hotspots on Single Plasmonic Nanostructures via Correlated Super-Resolution and Electron Microscopy.

Surface-plasmon (SP) enhanced catalysis on plasmonic nanostructures brings opportunities to increase catalytic efficiency and alter catalytic selectivity. Understanding the underlying mechanism requires quantitative measurements of catalytic enhancement on these nanostructures, whose intrinsic structural heterogeneity presents experimental challenges. Using correlated super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy, here we report a quantitative visualization of SP-enhanced catalytic activity at the nanoscale within single plasmonic nanostructures. We focus on two Au- and Ag-based linked nanostructures that present plasmonic hotspots at nanoscale gaps. Spatially localized higher reaction rates at these gaps vs nongap regions report the SP-induced catalytic enhancements, which show direct correlations with the nanostructure geometries and local electric field enhancements. Furthermore, the catalytic enhancement scales quadratically with the local actual light intensity, attributable to hot...
Langerhans cells, orthotopic corneal allografts, and direct and indirect pathways of T-cell allorecognition.

PURPOSE. To determine after orthotopic corneal allografting the role of Langerhans cells in activation of T cells via the direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition and the relationship between these pathways and the rapidity of graft rejection. METHODS. Corneas from eyes of normal mice and from eyes after superficial cauterization were grafted to eyes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and/or minor histocompatibility (H)-disparate recipient mice. The grafts were analyzed through time for content of class II MHC- bearing Langerhans cells and for rejection or acceptance. Graft recipients were evaluated for acquisition of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and cytotoxic T cells (Tc) directed at donor MHC and minor H alloantigens. RESULTS. Langerhans cells migrated more rapidly into epithelium of cauterized grafts than normal grafts. Unlike normal grafts, the vast majority of cauterized allografts were rejected within 2 weeks. Normal grafts induced neither DH nor Tc directed at donor MHC antigens, whereas cauterized grafts induced both DH and Tc specific for donor MHC. All grafts induced DH directed at donor minor H antigens, but only rejected grafts correlated with acquisition of Tc directed at donor minor H antigens. CONCLUSIONS. The rapidity of orthotopic corneal allograft rejection correlated with density of Langerhans cells within epithelium and with acquisition of donor-specific DH and Tc. Although recipient-derived Langerhans cells promoted minor H-specific, self-MHC-restricted T cells (indirect pathway) and subacute graft rejection, donor-derived Langerhans cells promoted early, acute rejection in conjunction with allogeneic MHC-specific Tc (direct pathway).
Curriculum as Professional Action

The culminating issue in any professional framework for music teaching and learning involves complex questions concerning curriculum and instruction. Analyzing the concept of “curriculum” provides a foundation for building answers to some of these questions.
Selection of Drug Delivery Approaches for the Back of the Eye: Opportunities and Unmet Needs

This chapter provides a strategic overview of drug delivery systems, focusing on practical decisions regarding the choice of a drug delivery formulation or device and, where it may be best administered, in order to safely and effectively reach a targeted lesion. The importance of evaluating risk vs. benefit in all drug delivery system decisions is critically discussed. Additionally, some of the major hurdles, which must be overcome, to bring drug delivery products to market are considered.
Point and Interval Estimators

One of the primary objectives of inferential statistics is estimation of population characteristics (descriptors) on the basis of limited information contained in a sample. The population descriptors are formalized by a statistical model, which can be postulated at various levels of specificity: a broad class of models, a parametric family, or a fully specific unique model. Often, a functional or distributional form is fully specified but dependent on one or more parameters. Such a model is called parametric. When the model is parametric, the task of estimation is to find the best possible sample counterparts as estimators for the parameters and to assess the accuracy of the estimators.
A dyadic analysis of loneliness and health-related quality of life in Latinas with breast cancer and their informal caregivers

Objective: The primary aim of this investigation is to provide a novel dyadic test of a model of loneliness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of Latinas with breast cancer and ...
An invisible-stylus-based coordinate measurement system via scaled orthographic projection

Abstract We present on a simple yet effective method for creating an invisible stylus from which a non-contact 3-D coordinated measuring system (the PiCMS) is realized. This invisible stylus dubbed a Pixel Probe is created through the orthographic projection of a spherical mounted reflector (SMR) through a trifocal camera system. Through this, a single point in space that is linked to a laser tracker world frame is mapped to a unique set of pixel coordinates in the trifocal camera creating the Pixel Probe. The system is constructed through the union of a Pixel Probe, a laser tracker, and calibrated XYZ stage, and does not require contact to obtain a measurement. In the current configuration, system resolution and accuracy better than 20 μm is demonstrated on objects in the meso/micro scale that are well below the range of a laser tracker alone. A simple single-point coincidence condition allows the user to specify a measurement coordinate by pointing-and-clicking in the images captured by the Pixel Probe. We describe this system using multi-view geometry vision theory and present proof of concept measurement examples of 2-D and 3-D objects.
Report of Committee on Glaciers, 1942–43

The personnel of the Committee at present is as follows: Harry Fielding Reid, Professor Emeritus of Geology, Johns Hopkins University, 608 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Maryland William H. Hobbs, Professor Emeritus of Geology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Colonel Lawrence Martin, Chief, Division of Maps, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. James E. Church, Professor of Meteorology and President, International Commission of Snow and Glaciers, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada First Lieutenant William Osgood Field, Jr., home address, 18 West Twelfth Street, New York City Oliver Kehrlein, Chairman, Committee on Glacier Studies, Sierra Club, 1050 Mills Tower, San Francisco, California Kenneth N. Phillips, Associate Hydraulic Engineer, Water Resources Branch, Geological Survey, Chairman, Research Committee of the Masamas, 606 Post-Office Building, Portland, Oregon William S. Cooper, Professor of Botany, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Lieutenant Colonel Gerald FitzGerald, Army Air Corps, Washington, D.C. Laurence M. Gould, Professor of Geology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota Arthur Johnson, Hydraulic Engineer, Conservation Branch, Geological Survey, 1105 Washington Building, Tacoma, Washington Francois E. Matthes (Chairman), Senior Geologist, Section of Glacial Geology, Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. The Committee is fortunate in having its membership reinforced by the addition of ARTHUR JOHNSON, who for several years has had charge of the repetitive plane-table surveys of the lower Nisqually Glacier, on Mount Rainier—a project which the Geological Survey is carrying on in cooperation with the city of Tacoma, Washington. To him the Committee is indebted for data concerning the losses in volume of ice which the Nisqually Glacier is sustaining from year to year.
Switchable Liquid Crystal Composite Windows Using Bacterial Cellulose (BC) Mat Substrates

Performance properties were investigated for transparency switching devices fabricated with nematic LC filled bacterial cellulose (BC) mats as electro-optical components. Biobased BC is a nanoporous bicontinuous network of cellulose fibers produced by bacteria and cultured to form mats of desired thickness. Devices made from BC mats with thicknesses of 6, 20, and 40 μm were compared. Furthermore, the electro-optical response of the devices provides insight into the ordering of the nematic LC within the bicontinuous BC matrix.
Sa1710 Long-Term Outcomes After Single Balloon Enteroscopy in Patients With Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Background Limited data exists on the long-term outcomes of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) following single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE).
REM sleep behavior disorder as a prodromal Parkinson's disease feature

Abstract Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in a parasomnia marked clinically by dream enactment and electrophysiologically by loss of the atonia that normally occurs during REM sleep (e.g., increased muscle activity during REM sleep). It occurs in about 1% of the population. RBD can lead to injury to the patient and bed partner. Another critical consequence of RBD is that over 70% of individuals with idiopathic RBD go on to develop a neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorder that is pathologically classified as a synucleinopathy (Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, etc.). Management of RBD revolves around optimizing safety of the patient and bed partner using nonpharmacologic means as well as melatonin and/or clonazepam.
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Presenting with Hyperbilirubinemia and Splenomegaly in a Term Infant with Trisomy 21

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is very common, yet the presentation can be varied, making the diagnosis challenging. However, early diagnosis for treatment with medication in symptomatic cases within the first month of life is critical. Hyperbilirubinemia and splenomegaly are less common manifestations at birth and may be overlooked in the setting of other symptoms, especially in a critically ill neonate. We present a case of a term infant with trisomy 21 who presented with isolated hyperbilirubinemia and splenomegaly and was later diagnosed with congenital CMV.
Interactions between sulfide and reproductive phenology of an annual aquatic plant, wild rice (Zizania palustris)

Abstract Aquatic plants live in anoxic sediments that favor formation of hydrogen sulfide, a known phytotoxin. We investigated how the phenology of reproductive life stages of wild rice (Zizania palustris Poaceae), an annual aquatic graminoid, is influenced by rooting zone sulfur geochemistry in response to elevated sulfate and sulfide. In addition, we characterized how redox conditions in the rooting zone change throughout reproduction to determine if they are tied to plant life stage. The redox conditions in sediment decreased just prior to flowering, and again just prior to seed production for all plants, allowing sulfide to accumulate at the root surface of sulfate-amended plants. Plants exposed to sulfide initiated seed production later than unamended plants. Sulfide appears to slow plant development in a way that gives the plant less time to allocate nutrients to seeds before senescence. The impact of sulfide in delaying reproductive life stages of wild rice and changing seasonal rooting zone biogeochemistry could extend to other plant species and additional chemical species that change mobility with redox potential, such as phosphate, manganese, mercury, and other metals.
Taking Account of the Ecosystem on the Public Domain: Law and Ecology in the Greater Yellowstone Region

Greater Yellowstone's future will be shaped by, and ultimately will reflect, evolving national public values. The ecosystem concept interjects a provocative new image into the debates that are now influencing and molding public lands policy. Scientifically, the concept demonstrates the indisputable interconnectedness of jurisdictionally fragmented public lands. And the concept has great power as a metaphorical device, rooted in scientific fact yet evocative enough to stir the hearts and minds of an American public now strongly committed to the preservationist ideal and its national parks heritage. Already the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem concept has fused two world-renowned national parks, several well-known wilder­ness areas, and the adjoining national forest lands into a regional en­tity that has engaged public attention at national and international levels. It has broadened the perspective of land managers beyond their own borders, and it is transforming traditional conceptions of land management policy. In short, the ecosystem concept provides the fun­damental premise for regional management and thus brings a compel­ling new vision to the ongoing debate over the future of the public domain.
Illuminating a path from light to depression.

Our light environment can strongly influence our mental health. Kai An and colleagues dissect the neuronal circuit mediating depression-related behaviors induced by mistimed light input in mice, implicating the nucleus accumbens as the downstream target of the neural pathway between intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and the perihabenular nucleus.
Combination fusion protein therapy of refractory brain tumors: demonstration of efficacy in cell culture.

Primary brain tumors including anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme are difficult to treat because of their locally invasive nature and relative resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Novel agents that can kill multi-drug resistant tumor cells and reach tumor cells at distant sites in the brain are needed. One such class of agents is fusion proteins which consist of brain-tumor-selective peptide ligands fused to peptide toxins. The ligand directs the protein to the glioma cell surface; the peptide toxin is then internalized into the cell, translocates to the cytosol and catalytically inactivates protein synthesis leading to cell death. Fusion proteins are toxic to multi-drug resistant brain tumor cells. Because of the large molecular weight of these molecules, a unique delivery system has been developed – convection-enhanced delivery (CED). The method creates a bulk flow which supplements diffusion and achieves drug concentrations in the brain parenchyma orders of magnitude greater than by systemic administration. Patients with recurrent glioma treated with individual fusion protein CED have obtained clinical remissions lasting years. However, toxicities to normal brain have been observed and relapses ultimately occurred. To address the clinical need of these patients and improve upon the therapeutic index observed to date with single fusion protein CED, we generated a novel fusion protein DAB389EGF and tested it in combination with another active fusion protein, IL13PE38QQR. We observed potent glioma cytotoxicity with each fusion protein and synergistic toxicity with the combination. Further, brain tumor cells showed heterogeneous expression of individual receptors suggesting that the combination – DAB389EGF and IL13PE38QQR may show improved efficacy and should undergo further preclinical development for therapy of patients with relapsed high-grade gliomas.
Cost-Effectiveness of First-Line Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy Initiation Strategies for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Abstract Objectives Overall survival in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase is not significantly different by treatment with first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but emerging evidence reveals differences in costs and safety profiles. We evaluated the 1-year cost-effectiveness of TKI initiation with imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib among a hypothetical cohort of incident patients with CML from a US payer's perspective. Methods We constructed a decision analytic model to assess quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), healthcare costs, net monetary benefit, and incremental cost-effectiveness of treatment strategies. We used published studies and data from the IBM Watson Health MarketScan database for model parameters. To calculate TKI costs, we used the 2018 Federal Supply Schedule estimates for generic imatinib and branded second-generation TKIs. We evaluated cost-effectiveness under various willingness-to-pay thresholds. We accounted for uncertainty with deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results In the base-case analysis, imatinib was favored over dasatinib and nilotinib at a lower cost per QALY gained. Imatinib remained the favored strategy after 1-way variations in TKI costs, TKI switching, QALYs, adverse event risk, and CML progression. When we assessed model uncertainty with prespecified parameter distributions, imatinib was cost-saving compared with dasatinib in 40% of 100 0000 simulations and was favored over all simulations compared with nilotinib. First-line treatment with second-generation TKIs was cost-effective in 50% of simulations at a $200 000/QALY willingness-to-pay threshold. Conclusions Generic availability of imatinib provides a more cost-effective treatment approach in the first year compared with other available TKIs for newly diagnosed patients with CML.
Education and Muslim Identity During a Time of Tension: Inside an American Islamic School: by Melanie C. Brooks, New York, USA, Routledge Research in Education, 2019, 186 pp., $47.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0367492953

Muslim Americans face, on almost a daily basis, acts of Islamophobia – a useful shorthand for referring to dread or hatred of Islam – and, therefore, a fear or dislike of all, or most, Muslims or t...
Unraveling the origin of frequency modulated combs using active cavity mean-field theory

In many laser systems, frequency combs whose output is frequency-modulated (FM) can form, producing light whose frequency sweeps linearly. While this intriguing result has been replicated experimentally and numerically, a compact description of the core physics has remained elusive. By creating a mean-field theory for active cavities analogous to the Lugiato–Lefever equation, we show that these lasers are described by a nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a potential proportional to the phase of the electric field. This equation can be solved analytically and produces a field with quasi-constant intensity and piecewise quadratic phase. We refer to these nondispersive waves as extendons, and they describe both fundamental FM combs and harmonic states. Our results apply to many lasers, explaining the ubiquity of this phenomenon, and our new theory unifies many experimental observations.
Remote functional group directed C–H activation by an Ir(III) phenanthroline complex

The regioselectivity of the C-H activation of 1-butanol and 1-methoxybutane by an iridium(iii) phenanthroline complex was studied in the gas phase and revealed activation at gamma and delta carbons. In the ether, nearly exclusive gamma activation was observed. DFT calculations were used to explore the origin of this substrate-driven selectivity. The data show that the iridium(iii) complex is a potent and potentially highly selective remote C-H activation agent.
The Ensemble-Building Challenge for Fashion Recommendation: Investigation of In-Home Practices and Assessment of Garment Combinations

Fashion is a domain that poses new and interesting challenges for recommender systems. While most recommendation problems seek a single-point solution (e.g. a product the user will purchase), individual garments must function within a wardrobe system, and must ultimately be matched with other garments to build an outfit. The outfit-building challenge is poorly understood in academic literature and professional practice. Here, we present data from two sources: subjective self-reports from consumers about their outfit-building practices, and assessments (by expert and crowd-sourced assessors) of computer-generated outfit combinations pulled from a real-world wardrobe. Results illuminate the objectives and obstacles of consumers in the daily dressing decision, and support the complexity of building combinations from a large set of individual garments.
Analysis of Low-Noise Amplifier

Low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) are some of the simplest yet the most essential devices in the field of engineering. In its most basic sense, an LNA is an electronic device that boosts a lower-power signal to a sufficient level without creating significant disruption in the circuit's signal-to-noise ratio. In this study, the author tried to create an LNA design through various techniques and optimization. Specifically, the researcher focused on several ways to achieve the goals of creating an LNA, such as the Multi-band OFDM modulation, polarity modulation or short pulses transmission, and other types of techniques that have been utilized in various studies. Accordingly, the study proceeds with the creation of the circuit design and the analysis of various aspects related to it, such as the use of complementary metal-oxide–semiconductors (CMOS), designing of bias circuits, creation of linear dynamic indicators, and the balancing of power consumption and functional stability. By the end of the study, the author has found out that despite the effectiveness of the use of inductive source degeneration, the inevitable performance loss suggests the need for further research in better materials and the improvement of the input matching network layout.
Hierarchical Learning to Solve Partial Differential Equations Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks

The Neural network-based approach to solving partial differential equations has attracted considerable attention due to its simplicity and flexibility to represent the solution of the partial differential equation. In training a neural network, the network tends to learn global features corresponding to low-frequency components while high-frequency components are approximated at a much slower rate (F-principle). For a class of equations in which the solution contains a wide range of scales, the network training process can suffer from slow convergence and low accuracy due to its inability to capture the high-frequency components. In this work, we propose a hierarchical approach to improve the convergence rate and accuracy of the neural network solution to partial differential equations. The proposed method comprises multi-training levels in which a newly introduced neural network is guided to learn the residual of the previous level approximation. By the nature of neural networks' training process, the high-level correction is inclined to capture the high-frequency components. We validate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed hierarchical approach through a suite of linear and nonlinear partial differential equations.
Assessment Framework and Material Flow Analysis of Material Recovery Facilities Within the U.S. to Track Consumer Electronics by Product Category

Abstract An assessment framework was developed to evaluate and characterize material recovery facilities within the U.S. that process e-waste. The framework consists of five key categories including, facility overview, operating model and process flows, product flows, collection methods, and facility resource use. The results were used to conduct a material flow analysis to develop a representative set of end-of-life pathways (e.g., reuse, refurbish, recycle) to better understand the flow of e-waste in the end-of-life management industry. The majority of products collected was from business sector collection routes. The largest number of products (by units) collected at 90% of facilities was mobile phones. It was also seen that most products went directly to recycling for material recovery and were not in the condition to be re-used or refurbished.
Reelin Prevents Apical Neurite Retraction during Terminal Translocation and Dendrite Initiation

The mechanisms controlling cortical dendrite initiation and targeting are poorly understood. Multiphoton imaging of developing mouse cortex reveals that apical dendrites emerge by direct transformation of the neuron9s leading process during the terminal phase of neuronal migration. During this ∼110 min period, the dendritic arbor increases ∼2.5-fold in size and migration arrest occurs below the first stable branch point in the developing arbor. This dendritic outgrowth is triggered at the time of leading process contact with the marginal zone (MZ) and occurs primarily by neurite extension into the extracellular matrix of the MZ. In reeler cortices that lack the secreted glycoprotein Reelin, a subset of neurons completed migration but then retracted and reorganized their arbor in a tangential direction away from the MZ soon after migration arrest. For these reeler neurons, the tangential oriented primary neurites were longer lived than the radially oriented primary neurites, whereas the opposite was true of wild-type (WT) neurons. Application of Reelin protein to reeler cortices destabilized tangential neurites while stabilizing radial neurites and stimulating dendritic growth in the MZ. Therefore, Reelin functions as part of a polarity signaling system that links dendritogenesis in the MZ with cellular positioning and cortical lamination. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Whether the apical dendrite emerges by transformation of the leading process of the migrating neuron or emerges de novo after migration is completed is unclear. Similarly, it is not clear whether the secreted glycoprotein Reelin controls migration and dendritic growth as related or separate processes. Here, multiphoton microscopy reveals the direct transformation of the leading process into the apical dendrite. This transformation is coupled to the successful completion of migration and neuronal soma arrest occurs below the first stable branch point of the nascent dendrite. Deficiency in Reelin causes the forming dendrite to avoid its normal target area and branch aberrantly, leading to improper cellular positioning. Therefore, this study links Reelin-dependent dendritogenesis with migration arrest and cortical lamination.
Drosophila mutants suggest a strong drive toward complexity in evolution

SUMMARY The view that complexity increases in evolution is uncontroversial, yet little is known about the possible causes of such a trend. One hypothesis, the Zero Force Evolutionary Law (ZFEL), predicts a strong drive toward complexity, although such a tendency can be overwhelmed by selection and constraints. In the absence of strong opposition, heritable variation accumulates and complexity increases. In order to investigate this claim, we evaluate the gross morphological complexity of laboratory mutants in Drosophila melanogaster, which represent organisms that arise in a context where selective forces are greatly reduced. Complexity was measured with respect to part types, shape, and color over two independent focal levels. Compared to the wild type, we find that D. melanogaster mutants are significantly more complex. When the parts of mutants are categorized by degree of constraint, we find that weakly constrained parts are significantly more complex than more constrained parts. These results support the ZFEL hypothesis. They also represent a first step in establishing the domain of application of the ZFEL and show one way in which a larger empirical investigation of the principle might proceed.
Thin Film Analyzers

The sections in this article are 1 Optical Methods of Analysis 2 Structure 3 Material Analysis 4 Macroscopic Films
The Influence of Constitutional Supercooling on the Distribution of Te-particles in Melt-Grown CZT

A section of a vertical gradient freeze Cd0.9Zn0.1Te boule approximately 2100 mm3 with a planar area of 300 mm2 was prepared and examined using transmitted infrared microscopy at various magnifications to determine the three-dimensional spatial and size distributions of Te-particles over large longitudinal and radial length scales. Te-particle density distributions were determined as a function of longitudinal and radial positions in these strips and exhibited a multi-modal log-normal size density distribution that indicated a slight preference for increasing size with longitudinal growth time, while showing a pronounced cellular network structure. Higher magnification images revealed a typical Rayleigh-instability pearl string morphology with large and small satellite droplets. This study includes solidification experiments in small crucibles of 30:70 mixtures of Cd:Te performed over a wide range of cooling rates which clearly demonstrated a growth instability with Te-particle capture that is suggested to be responsible for one of the peaks in the size distribution using size discrimination visualization. The results are discussed with regard to a manifold Te-particle genesis history as Te-particle direct capture from melt–solid growth instabilities due to constitutional supercooling and as Te-particle formation from the breakup of Te-ribbons via a Rayleigh–Plateau instability.
Availability of a library of infrared (2.1-25.0 microns) mineral spectra

All previously published libraries of infrared mineral spectra are in the form of transmitance. Reflectance spectra are, however, more useful for remote sensing and some potential laboratory applications, such as the use of an infrared microscope for mineral identification on polished sections. This note points out that construction of a new library of infrared (2.1-25.0 microns) mineral spectra is in progress. Both transmittance and reflectance measurements of a selection of 63 different, well-characterized minerals have been published to date. These data are available in both hard copy and digital form.
Long-term follow-up patients with leukemia receiving platelet transfusions: identification of a large group of patients who do not become alloimmunized

Alloimmunization is the major complication of platelet transfusion therapy in patients with acute leukemia. To evaluate whether alloimmunization continues to be a long-term problem in patients surviving induction therapy, 114 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) who survived more than 6 mo and who received multiple courses of chemotherapy and abundant platelet transfusions were studied. Clinical response to random donor platelets and lymphocytotoxic antibody (LCTAb) were measured pretreatment and serially throughout the study period. Fourteen patients (12%) were alloimmunized upon admission, 34 (30%) patients became alloimmunized during remission induction therapy, and 66 (58%) patients did not become alloimmunized during that period. Sixty-one of these 66 patients (92%) never became alloimmunized and responded to random donor platelets during their subsequent course despite the fact they received multiple further platelet transfusions, whereas the alloimmunized patients tended to remain alloimmunized for their entire clinical course. There was no difference in age or sex between groups, and prognostic factors predicting alloimmunization could not be detected. In greater than 90% of patients not alloimmunized at admission, the presence or absence of LCTAb after induction predicts later alloantibody production. This information can be used to plan the type of platelet transfusions (HLA-matched or random donor) needed for subsequent maintenance and induction therapy. It may also help to identify a group of patients to whom more aggressive maintenance chemotherapy may be more safely administered.
The Depths of God

ion and dimensions of religious life correct one another, and are modified in turn by their own corrections. Theology proper is the deliberate following out of this dialectic between speculative representations of how to keep the important things together and the piecemeal appreciation and assessment of the many divine dimensions of things. This is what the Church Fathers of the early councils were doing when they This content downloaded from 157.55.39.183 on Thu, 26 May 2016 05:51:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Neville: Depths of God 7 employed the speculative habits of Greek philosophy to relate and set priorities for elements of Christian life, scripture, and belief. This sense of theology has fallen upon evil days during the modem period because of our penchant for certainty and what is now fashionably called "foundationalism." Theology is indeed about foundations, but it is only hypothetical and provisional, and by virtue, of that public (Neville, 1982:11-24). Though hypothetical, a theology can be made highly plausible; indeed, the more a theological concept makes itself vulnerable to correction the more it is to be trusted. The importance of the trust is that theology is enormously practical: it guides our life in its most important dimensions. To neglect explicit and disciplined theology, or its cultural equivalents in other traditions, is to leave one's community in an arbitrary and indefensible position regarding its responses to the variety of dimensions of the divine in local experience. Of course, theology is always incomplete and ready to be revised; in this sense even the best theology is arbitrary. But good theology limits arbitrariness to the residue after careful judgments have opened the best vision possible under the circumstances. To illustrate this conception of the theological task-indeed, to get on with theology itself-I want to sketch a speculative hypothesis about God and divine things and to suggest how it might order many of the important manifestations of the divine so as to provide an archaeologically deep interpretant. The speculative hypothesis has two parts, an ontology and a Primary Cosmology.
A critical analysis of laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomies compared with vaginal hysterectomies unassisted by laparoscopy and transabdominal hysterectomies.

ABSTRACT The first 115 laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomies (LAVH) done by our faculty surgeons were compared with 220 vaginal hysterectomies (VH) and 194 abdominal hysterectomies (AH) done in our affiliated hospitals over the same period of time. Logistic regression analysis indicates that LAVHs were done for cases that would significantly be more likely selected for AH than for VH (p < 0.0001). Matched case control studies with 28 LAVH/VH and 34 LAVH/AH pairs and bivariate analyses demonstrated that LAVH can be accomplished with low morbidity, short lengths of stay, and little, if any, increase in operating times compared with VH and AH. The LAVH procedure can be expected to replace many AHs in the future. (J GYNECOL SURG 10:7, 1994)
Prevalence of circulating Treponema pallidum DNA and RNA in blood donors with confirmed‐positive syphilis tests

BACKGROUND: Although there have been no well-documented cases of transfusion-transmitted syphilis in more than 30 years, serologic tests for syphilis (STS) continues to be required for donated blood. Previously, the methods for detecting viable spirochetes were dependent on the use of the rabbit infectivity test. DNA PCR and RNA RT-PCR were applied to assess the presence of Treponema pallidum DNA or RNA in blood donors with confirmed-positive results in STS. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This case series describes T. pallidum DNA and RNA testing of platelet concentrates prepared from blood donors with reactive results in an automated treponemal screening test and positive test results in the fluorescent treponomal antibody absorption test. The first DNA test was specific for the T. palladium polA gene. The second DNA test was a multiplex PCR using a T. pallidum 47-kDa gene target. The RT-PCR for RNA used T. pallidum 16S rRNA as a template for production of a cDNA target. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-nine samples (including rapid plasma reagin [RPR]+ and RPR–) tested for T. pallidum DNA and/or RNA were negative. CONCLUSIONS: A lack of demonstrable T. pallidum DNA or RNA suggests that blood donors with confirmed-positive results in STS are unlikely to have circulating T. pallidum in their blood and that that their blood is unlikely to be infectious for syphilis.
A Two-Dimensional Numerical Study of Heat Transfer in a Finned Tube Assembly During Axisymmetric Dehumidification

This paper presents the analysis of two-dimensional heat transfer in an annular finned tube assembly during the process of dehumidification. All possible fin surface conditions, namely, dry, fully wet, and partially wet, have been studied and fin efficiency under these conditions have been modeled. Computations have been carried out using a control volume-based finite-difference method and compared with past one-dimensional analytical studies and available experimental data. The parameters that influenced the heat transfer rate in the finned tube structure are ratio of fin and wall thermal conductivities, ratio of fin thickness to fin pitch, ratio of wall thickness to fin pitch, ratio of fin length to fin pitch, cold fiuid Biot number, ambient Blot number, the relative humidity and dry bulb temperature of the incoming air, and the cold fluid temperature inside the coil. It was found that the heat transfer increased with increment in both dry bulb temperature and the relative humidity of the air. The fin efficiency changed rapidly with relative humidity under partially wet condition. The results suggest that coil performance can be very significantly altered by the condensation phenomenon on the fin surface and designs with dry fin data may not be adequate. The present results are expected to be very useful for the design of dehumidifier (cooling) coils for air conditioning applications.
Using the Unified Modeling Language to develop soil water-balance and irrigation-scheduling models

Abstract Many water-balance and irrigation-scheduling models have been developed as research and/or management tools. These models continue to be modified or re-used by other research groups. A method for developing and documenting these models, using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is presented. This method simplifies documentation of model requirements, assumptions and calculations and provides a template for implementing the model in programming languages. Using the template can simplify the processes of code re-use and model modification.
5-hmC–mediated epigenetic dynamics during postnatal neurodevelopment and aging

DNA methylation dynamics influence brain function and are altered in neurological disorders. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), a DNA base that is derived from 5-methylcytosine, accounts for ∼40% of modified cytosine in the brain and has been implicated in DNA methylation-related plasticity. We mapped 5-hmC genome-wide in mouse hippocampus and cerebellum at three different ages, which allowed us to assess its stability and dynamic regulation during postnatal neurodevelopment through adulthood. We found developmentally programmed acquisition of 5-hmC in neuronal cells. Epigenomic localization of 5-hmC-regulated regions revealed stable and dynamically modified loci during neurodevelopment and aging. By profiling 5-hmC in human cerebellum, we found conserved genomic features of 5-hmC. Finally, we found that 5-hmC levels were inversely correlated with methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 dosage, a protein encoded by a gene in which mutations cause Rett syndrome. These data suggest that 5-hmC-mediated epigenetic modification is critical in neurodevelopment and diseases.