cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Medications as Traumatic Reminders in Patients With Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack-Induced Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Background and Purpose: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are common after stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) and have been associated with medication nonadherence, potentially beca...
Apparent AKI in a Patient with Ascites Following Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

A 39-year-old woman with a history of menorrhagia who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy presented to the emergency department 4 days after surgery with abdominal pain and distention. Her vitals revealed the following: blood pressure 98/62 mm Hg, heart rate 110 beats/minute, oxygen saturation 99% on room air, and temperature 37.1 °C. Initial basic laboratory values were as follows: white blood counts 18.0×109/L with neutrophil predominance, hemoglobin 15.2 g/dl, platelets 190×109/L, sodium 134 mmol/L, potassium 4.9 mmol/L, chloride 101 mmol/L, bicarbonate 17 mmol/L, BUN 45 mg/dl (9–24), serum creatinine 7.4 mg/dl, calcium 9.0 mg/dl, albumin 3.7 g/dl, aspartate aminotransferase 20 U/L, alanine aminotransferase 25 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 90 U/L, total bilirubin 0.6 mg/dl, lipase 62 U/L, and lactate 2.4 mmol/L. Urinalysis was remarkable …
Left/right asymmetry disruptions and mirror-image reversals to behavior and brain anatomy in Ciona

ABSTRACT Background Left-right asymmetries are a common feature of metazoan nervous systems. This is particularly pronounced in the comparatively simple larval central nervous system (CNS) of the tunicate Ciona, whose swimming tadpole larva shows a clear chordate ground plan. While common pathway elements for specifying the left-right axis are found in the chordates, particularly a requirement for Nodal signaling, Ciona differs from its vertebrate cousins by specifying its axis at the neurula stage, rather than at gastrula. Additionally, Ciona, and other ascidians, have a requirement for an intact chorionic membrane for proper left/right specification. Results We present here results showing that left-right asymmetry disruptions caused by removal of the chorion (dechorionation) are highly variable and present throughout the Ciona larval nervous system. While previous studies have documented disruptions to the conspicuously asymmetric sensory systems in the anterior brain vesicle, we document asymmetries in seemingly symmetric structures such as the posterior brain vesicle and motor ganglion. Moreover, defects caused by dechorionation include misplaced or absent neuron classes, loss of asymmetric gene expression, aberrant synaptic connectivity, and abnormal behaviors. In the motor ganglion, a brain structure that has been equated with the vertebrate hindbrain, we find that despite the apparent left/right symmetric distribution of interneurons and motor neurons, AMPA receptors are expressed exclusively on the left side, which equates with asymmetric swimming behaviors. We also find that within a population of dechorionated larvae, there is a small percentage with apparently normal left-right specification, and approximately equal population with inverted (mirror-image) asymmetry. We present a method based on a behavioral assay for isolating these larvae. When these two classes of larvae (normal and inverted) are assessed in a light dimming assay they display mirror-image behaviors, with normal larvae responding with counterclockwise swims, while inverted larvae respond with clockwise swims. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of left-right specification pathways not only for proper CNS anatomy, but also for correct synaptic connectivity and behavior.
Revisiting Manne et al. (2000): A reformulation and alternative interpretation under the modified internal energy theory of second-sound

Abstract Returning to Manne et al. (2000), wherein a class of hyperbolic reaction-diffusion-acoustic models is considered, we show that the inexact transport equation derived by these authors becomes the exact equation for the propagation of second-sound (i.e., thermal waves) in a rigid solid when reformulated under the modified internal energy model, one of several formulations of what has come to be known as hyperbolic heat conduction theory. We then compare/contrast this PDE with/to its exact version, which is based on Cattaneo’s equation for the thermal flux, in the context of a signaling problem involving weak discontinuities of second-sound propagating in a solid rod. Our analysis also reveals a connection between the modified internal energy model and what has been termed “inertial theory”, a competing theory of second-sound in solids, and suggests a generalization of the quantity known as the “thermasy”. We conclude with a discussion on the application of the present findings to a well known, widely applicable, class of nonlinear wave equations.
Linking herbivore monitoring with interpolation to map regional risk of pest species

Long-term monitoring networks that generate data on pest abundance are the foundation of integrated pest management. Monitoring can estimate local risk from pests and identify when pests first arrive in particular fields. However, while data on pest abundance are collected for the purpose of making management decisions in individual fields, it is often unclear how such data can be used to make landscape scale predictions of risk from pests. We addressed this by using inverse-distance weighted interpolation models to generate predictions of abundance for multiple potato crop pests from long-term monitoring data. Specifically, we collected 30,999 abundance datapoints of four pests for 4 to 11 years and used interpolation to predict abundance of each pest across a 40,250 km2 area; these predictions were compared to observed pest data to validate our approach. We show predicted pest abundance was strongly and positively correlated with observed abundance for each of the four pests studied, with Spearman rank correlations from 0.5 to 0.8. Moreover, our interpolation approach was robust to variation in the type of monitoring data used, although interpolation parameters that produced the best fit to observed data differed slightly across species and ranged from 1 to 2. This suggests that variation in the biological traits of pests can affect interpolation models, and that models should be tailored to individual species. Overall, our study shows that interpolation is a powerful tool to integrate pest monitoring data into predictive maps that can guide management for crop pests across broad spatial scales.
Good Samaritan Legislation

(1974). Good Samaritan Legislation. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 45, No. 8, pp. 28-28.
Mechanism of Fracture of Hard Rock Using a Drag Bit Assisted by Waterjets

It is shown that the mechanism of rock fracture is similar both when a blunt drag bit is used to cut strong rock and when a flat-bottomed punch is pressed into the rock surface. In order to study this fracture mechanism an experimental technique was developed which involved indenting the rock specimen in a quasi-static manner, using a drag bit as the punch. The effect of directing waterjets adjacent to the bit was investigated and it was found that these jets caused a rock chip to form with lower than normal forces applied to the bit. This finding agrees with results of previous experiments where lower forces were applied to the bit during the cutting operation when waterjets were used. A hypothesis is proposed to explain the action of the waterjets on the rock to produce this reduction in the indentation force.
Fractal Analysis of Binding Interactions of Nuclear Estrogen Receptors Occurring on Biosensor Surfaces

The chapter provides an alternate analysis of the influence of two different ligands on the binding and dissociation rate coefficients for the interaction between clone 31 protein immobilized on the surface of a CM5 sensor chip and ERα in solution, the influence of different ligands on the binding and dissociation rate coefficients for different analyte–nuclear receptors on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, and the binding and dissociation rate coefficients for different concentrations of ERβ in solution to GST-DRIP immobilized on a sensor chip surface. Fractal dimension values as well as binding and dissociation rate coefficients for the binding and the dissociation phases are provided for the analyte–receptor systems where ever applicable. A fractal analysis of the binding and dissociation of analytes and estrogen receptors interactions occurring on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor surfaces provides a quantitative indication of the state of disorder or the degree of heterogeneity on the biosensor surface. The fractal dimension value provides a quantitative measure of the degree of heterogeneity that exists on the surface for the analyte–estrogen receptor systems.
Transparency Means Greater Payoff in a Planning Process

A recent proactive strategic planning process at Clemson University Libraries not only resulted in a positive outcome, but also offers lessons learned for other academic libraries to apply at their own institutions.
Application of Carbon Based Nano-Materials to Aeronautics and Space Lubrication

The tribology program at NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, is investigating carbon based nano-particles for their potential in advanced concept lubrication products. Service conditions range from high temperature atmospheric to low temperature vacuum. Some of the lubricants and surface coatings of tribological significance that we have evaluated include neat nano-particles, both grown in-situ and as bulk material deposited on the substrate, and nano-particles dispersed in oils which are all highly substrate interactive. We discuss results of testing these systems in a spiral orbit tribometer (SOT) and a unidirectional pin-on-disc (PoD) tribometer. A nano-onions/Krytox mixture evaluated as a lubricant for angular contact bearings in air caused a marked lowering of the coefficient of friction (CoF) (0.04 to 0.05) for the mixture with an eight-fold improvement in lifetime over that of the Krytox alone. In vacuum, no effect was observed from the nano-onions. Multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) and graphitized MWNT were tested under sliding friction in both air and vacuum. The MWNT which were grown in-situ oriented normal to the sliding surface exhibited low CoF (0.04) and long wear lives. Bulk MWNT also generate low CoF (0.01 to 0.04, vacuum; and 0.06, air) and long wear life (>1 million orbits, vacuum; and >3.5 million, air). Dispersed graphitized MWNT were superior to MWNT and both were superior to aligned MWNT indicating that orientation is not an issue for solid lubrication. Single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) were modified by cutting into shorter segments and by fluorination. All SWNTs exhibited low CoF in air, with good wear lives. The SWNT with slight fluorination yielded an ultra-low CoF of 0.002 although the best wear life was attributed to the nascent SWNT.
Intelligent Transportation Systems and Travel Behavior in Connecticut

In the past decade, there has been significant investment in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies that provide information to both en-route and pre-trip travelers. However, there is no definitive evidence that en-route travelers actually use the information and alter their travel patterns. Previous research employed surveys that relied on motorists' written or spoken responses to questions involving travel information and hypothetical roadway scenarios. This research examines travel behavior on freeways equipped with ITS technologies in Connecticut using collected real-time traffic count data from the diversionary roadways. Results find that more travel is occurring on the diversionary routes during periods of variable message sign (VMS) messages than during equivalent periods having no messages, indicating a motorist travel response to these messages.
Flow Shops, Job Shops and Open Shops (Stochastic)

The results for stochastic flow shops, job shops, and open shops are somewhat less extensive than those for their deterministic counterparts.
The nature of comets

The vast scientific campaign associated with the 1986 return of Halley’s Comet has greatly improved and expanded our knowledge of comets. An overview of the first results is presented here with emphasis on the large-scale structure, the chemistry, and the nucleus. Biermann and Alfven’s basic large-scale picture involving the interaction with the solar wind was confirmed. The interaction extends over very large distances and involves the draping of magnetic field lines from the solar wind around the head region. The near-nuclear region is essentially free of magnetic field. The cometary environment is a rich plasma physics laboratory as well as the site of spectacular disconnection events. As Whipple proposed, the chemical composition of the nucleus is largely water, and the breakup of the water molecule produces the large hydrogen-cloud surrounding the comet. Minor constituents with high molecular mass have been observed in the comet. The composition of the dust generally resembles carbonaceous chondrites enriched in the elements H, C, N and O. The interest in the cometary chemistry stems from the belief that cometary material is probably the best remnant of the solar nebula’s original composition. The nucleus is monolithic, as predicted by Whipple’s icy-conglomerate model. Far from spherical, the nucleus is irregular and peanut- or potato-shaped. The surface is very dark, and the emission of gas and dust occurs in jets on the sunward side. Irregular erosion of the surface, which is covered by a dust crust, could lead to many interesting possibilities for outbursts or splitting. Even with our current enhancement of knowledge, comets will continue to excite scientific curiosity. Future research on comets should be very fruitful.
Synthesis of N2‐Substituted Deoxyguanosine Nucleosides from 2‐Fluoro‐6‐O‐(Trimethylsilylethyl)‐2′‐Deoxyinosine

Syntheses of N2-substituted nucleosides have been studied for many years, primarily with ribonucleosides. However, the primary route to these compounds requires acidic conditions that are too vigorous for the acid-labile deoxyribonucleosides. The current strategy takes advantage of methods for low-temperature, nonaqueous diazotization of ribosides in organic solvents using t-butyl nitrate as the diazotizing agent and HF/pyridine as the fluoride source for the preaparation of a 2-fluoro-2?-deoxyinosine derivative that can be used to synthesize N2-substituted deoxyguanosine.
Comparison of Radiocephalic Fistulas Placed in the Proximal Forearm and in the Wrist

Non-maturation is a common problem in patients receiving an arteriovenous fistula. The first vascular access choice is a distal radiocephalic fistula (dRCF) at the wrist. Patients with a failed dRCF or with vessels unsuitable for dRCF, the recommendation is to place a brachiocephalic fistula in the upper arm. Proximal forearm radiocephalic fistulas (pRCF) are created infrequently, but may permit a second forearm fistula before proceeding to the upper arm. The goal of the present study was to compare the outcomes of them. We retrospectively analyzed a computerized access database to compare the outcomes of 19 RCF and 39 dRCF placed during a 6-month period. The baseline characteristics were similar, except those with a pRCF were more likely to have previous access and be male. Primary failure (non-maturation) was lower for pRCF than dRCF (32 vs. 59%, p = 0.05); and excluding secondary failures, cumulative fistula survival was similar (92 vs. 86% at 1 year and 74 vs. 76% at 2 years, p = 0.56). pRCF may be an attractive alternative to a brachiocephalic fistula in patients who cannot receive a dRCF. pRCF has a lower non-maturation rate than that of a dRCF, and a comparable cumulative survival once it is used successfully for dialysis.
Views from Inside a Pediatric Clinic: How Arizona's Political Climate Has Impacted Arizona's Youngest Latino Learners

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://amaejournal.asu.edu/index.php/amae/article/view/126.
Matric water potential as an ecological determinant in compost, a substrate dense system.

Water is a critical ecological factor in substrate dense matric ecosystems, of which composting systems are an example. Excessive moisture inhibits aerobic metabolism because of oxygen diffusion limitations. How a lack of water impedes composting activity has not been previously considered. An investigation of the relationship of matric water potential (water held by physical attractions) to gravimetric water content was carried out in a laboratory composting system using a sewage sludge and wood chip substrate. The gravimetric-matric water relationship was best fit by a 2∘ polynomial regression of y=64.049−0.142 x, andR= 0.95. It is proposed that the commonly observed failure of composting to occur under drier conditions is a physical limitation, that is bacteria progressively fail to physically colonize the substrate as matric potential decreases below approximately -20 kPa. In physically mixed systems, agitation and introduction of inoculum may promote colonization, permitting composting to be initiated and proceed at lower moisture contents. In nonmixed systems, promotion of thorough initial colonization may permit composting to continue in the presence of significant drying.
Geochemistry of the Dubois greenstone succession: An early Proterozoic bimodal volcanic association in west-central Colorado

Abstract The Dubois greenstone succession, an Early Proterozoic supracrustal succession in west-central Colorado, is composed of fine-grained felsic volcaniclastic sediments, ash-flow tuffs, and tholeiitic flows, sills and dikes. The volcanic rocks comprise a bimodal suite of tholeiite and rhyolite. The tholeiites are divided into two groups: Group I exhibiting nearly flat REE patterns (20–30 × chondrites) and Group II with light REE-enriched patterns (40–70 × chondrites). These groups can be produced by two-stage melting of an undepleted or enriched garnet lherzolite source in which garnet remains in the residue of only the first melting stage which produces Group II magmas. The felsic magmas can be produced by partial melting of a high-grade gneiss in the lower crust in which zircon is entrained in the magma. The Dubois greenstone succession appears to have formed by felsic and mafic subaqueous eruptions in which some ash-flows, upon entering water, underwent phreatomagmatic explosions giving rise to detritus which formed the volcaniclastic sediments. Although tectonic setting cannot be assigned to the succession with a high degree of confidence, an immature back-arc basin developed on sialic crust in consistent with most data.
Validity of centenarian data in the 1960 Census.

This paper examines the question of how many genuine centenarians there actually are in the United States as compared with those reported in the census. It is concluded that the numbers of centenarians shown in various United States censuses are definite overstatements of the number of true centenarians. It seems likely that instead of the 10,326 centenarians reported in the 1960 census there were at most only about 3,700. Overstatement of ages seems to be particularly the case among those who claim to be aged 110 or over, and it is believed that there probably are no persons who are actually this old.
Opioid enhancement of perforant path transmission: effect of an enkephalin analog on inhibition and facilitation in the dentate gyrus

The enkephalin analogue [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, applied locally in vivo, enhanced the responsiveness of dentate granule cells of the hippocampus to perforant path stimulation. The facilitatory effect included a decrease in the inhibition and increase in the facilitation induced by sequential stimuli. The results indicate that opioids, acting at opioid receptors, can enhance responsiveness of the dentate gyrus to perforant path transmission, possibly via a disinhibitory mechanism.
Pre-Sliced Fruit in School Cafeterias: Children's Selection and Intake

Background It is often assumed that children avoid fruit in school cafeterias because of higher relative prices and preferences for other foods. Interviews with children reveal that eating whole fresh fruit can be difficult for those with small mouths or braces. Older girls find whole fruits messy and unattractive to eat. Purpose To determine the effect of offering pre-sliced fruit in schools on selection and intake. Design Three of six schools were assigned randomly to serve apples in slices. Three control schools served apples whole. Selection, consumption, and waste of apples were measured prior to and during treatment. Setting/participants Cafeterias in six public middle schools in Wayne County NY in 2011. Participants included all students who purchased lunch on days when data were collected. Intervention Treatment schools were provided with a standard commercial fruit slicer, and cafeteria staff members were instructed to use it when students requested apples. Trained researchers recorded how much of each apple was consumed and how much was wasted in both control and treatment schools. Main outcome measures Daily apple sales, percentage of an apple serving consumed per student, and percentage of an apple serving wasted per student. Results Data were analyzed in 2012. Schools that used fruit slicers to pre-slice fruit increased average daily apple sales by 71% compared to control schools ( p p =0.02) at schools that served pre-sliced fruit, and the percentage that wasted half or more decreased by 48% ( p =0.03). Conclusions Sliced fruit is more appealing to children than whole fruit because it is easier and tidier to eat. This study applies the principle of convenience from behavioral economics and provides an example of a scalable, low-cost environmental change that promotes healthy eating and decreases waste.
Validating a polycrystal model for the elastoplastic response of magnesium alloy AZ31 using in situ neutron diffraction

In situ neutron diffraction is used to assess the development of internal elastic strains within the grains of magnesium alloy AZ31 processed via conventional extrusion and equal channel angular extrusion. An elastoplastic self-consistent polycrystal model is used to simulate the macroscopic flow curves and internal strain developments within the distinctly textured magnesium alloy samples. The parameters of the model are the critical resolved shear strengths and hardening behaviors of the dislocation slip and twinning mechanisms which operate within this hexagonal close-packed alloy. The results indicate that a single constitutive model can predict the behavior if it explicitly accounts for the effects of crystallographic texture and grain size. The polycrystal model presently accounts for grain size in an ad hoc manner.
Virtual Control Volumes for Two-Dimensional Unstructured Elliptic Smoothing

A two-dimensional unstructured elliptic smoothing method is described where the Winslow equations are discretized using a finite volume approach. Virtual control volumes for each node are constructed with element shapes that are nearly ideal. Green-Gauss theorem is used to formulate gradients over an element or a collection of elements for a node, which ultimately leads to a coupled non-linear system of equations. Modifications enable the scheme to reproduce results similar to structured mesh schemes. Results are included that demonstrate basic mesh smoothing and boundary motion. In addition, layers of quadrilateral elements can be added to selected boundaries and the interior point positions are determined via elliptic smoothing.
Impact of Natural Organic Matter on Monochloramine Reduction by Granular Activated Carbon: The Role of Porosity and Electrostatic Surface Properties

Steady-state monochloramine reduction in fixed-bed reactors (FBRs) was quantified on five types of granular activated carbon (GAC) using two background waters-one natural source water (LAW) containing 2.5-3.5 mg/L organic carbon and one synthetic organic-free water (NW). While more monochloramine was reduced at steady-state using NW compared to LAW for each GAC and empty-bed contact time studied, the differences in removal varied considerably among the GACs tested. Physical characterization of the GACs suggested that the degree of interference caused by natural organic matter (NOM) increased with increasing GAC surface area contained within pores greater than 2 nm in width. Acid/base and electrostatic properties of the GACs were not found to be significant in terms of NOM uptake, which indicated that size exclusion effects of the GAC pores overwhelmed the impact of the GAC surface chemistry. Therefore, selection of GAC to limit the impact of NOM on monochloramine reduction in FBRs should be based on pore size distribution alone, with the impact of NOM decreasing with decreasing mesoporosity and macroporosity.
Modeling of sensitivity and resolution to an included object in homogeneous scattering media and in MRI-derived breast maps

We have examined the measured sensitivity and edge resolution to an included tumor in MR-derived maps of the breast exposed to NIR illumination. A large parameter space was explored, enabling a systematic examination of the influence that measurement parameters (e.g., view angle, source position, wavelength) and target medium parameters (e.g., breast and tumor size, background tissue properties, and tumor contrast) have on the computed responses. The significance of these finding on data collection schemes for imaging studies is discussed.
Measurement of two-photon absorption using the photo-thermal lens effect

Abstract We report on new schemes for pump-probe photo-thermal lens methods aimed for measuring the two-photon absorption coefficient of a given material. We show that by focusing a probe beam in the presence of a nearly collimated pump beam, we create a thermal lens which yields measurement of the two-photon absorption coefficient of nitrobenzene of (3.9 ± 0.3) 10−10 cm/W at 532 nm. We also show that when the pump field is focused in the presence of a nearly collimated probe beam the width of the z-scan signature of a two-photon absorption process is nearly one order of magnitude smaller than that of a one-photon process. We show experimental evidence of the effect obtained for nitrobenzene.
Treatment with docosahexaenoic acid after hypoxia-ischemia improves forepaw placing in a rat model of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia

Objective Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a dietary fatty acid with neuroprotective properties. We hypothesized that DHA treatment after hypoxia-ischemia would improve function and reduce brain volume loss in a perinatal rat model. Study Design Seven-day-old Wistar rat pups from 7 litters (n = 84) underwent right carotid ligation, followed by 8% O 2 for 90 minutes. Fifteen minutes after hypoxia-ischemia, pups were divided into 3 treatment groups (intraperitoneal injections of DHA 1, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg) and 2 control groups (25% albumin or saline). At 14 days, rats underwent vibrissae-stimulated forepaw placing testing, and bilateral regional volumes were calculated for cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and hemisphere. Results Posthypoxia-ischemia treatment with DHA acid significantly improved vibrissae forepaw placing (complete responses: 8.5 ± 2 treatment vs 7.4 ± 2 controls; normal=10; P = .032, t test). Postinjury DHA treatment did not attenuate brain volume loss in any region. Conclusion Posthypoxia-ischemia DHA treatment significantly improves functional outcome.
Evaluation of Emergence Traps for Monitoring Blueberry Gall Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Adults and Within Field Distribution of Midge Infestation

The blueberry gall midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a key pest of rabbiteye blueberry, Vaccinium virgatum Aiton, in the southeastern United States, but it has not been studied extensively and little is known about its ecology and management. Studies were conducted to develop an improved method for monitoring D. oxycoccana adults and to determine the within-field distribution of infestation. Four emergence traps were evaluated in an organic rabbiteye blueberry planting for their effectiveness in capturing D. oxycoccana adults early in the season. These traps included a jar trap, wheat blossom midge trap, petri dish trap, and bucket trap. The petri dish and bucket traps captured the highest numbers of adults in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Both traps had a clear plastic panel coated with adhesive. Adult midges emerging from the soil beneath the traps were caught in the adhesive as they flew up toward the light. Emergence traps are useful for detecting the presence of adults early in the season before larval infestation is apparent in the flower buds. To determine the pattern of midge infestation, flower buds were collected weekly from January to March in 2006 from rabbiteye blueberry plants located in a plot at the southwest border of an existing blueberry planting. There were no differences found in the number of larvae collected from various distances within blueberry rows. However, when flower buds were collected from an isolated rabbiteye plot in 2007 and 2008, D. oxycoccana infestation was not uniform. In both years, the southern border row had a significantly higher number of midge larvae per bud compared with the other rows.
OUTCOME OF PEDIATRIC (P) HIV PATIENTS REQUIRING ADMISSION TO THE PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE UNIT. 256

OUTCOME OF PEDIATRIC (P) HIV PATIENTS REQUIRING ADMISSION TO THE PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE UNIT. 256
Escherichia coli lac repressor is elongated with its operator DNA binding domains located at both ends.

Abstract From small-angle X-ray scattering experiments on solutions of Escherichia coli lac repressor and repressor tryptic core, we conclude that the domains of repressor that bind to operator DNA lie at the ends of an elongated molecule. The addition of the inducer, isopropyl-β- d -thiogalactoside, to either repressor or core does not produce a measurable structural change, since the radius of gyration of repressor is 40.3 ± 1.9 A without and 42.2 ± 1.7 A with isopropyl-β- d -thiogalactoside; the core radius of gyration is 35.4 ± 1.1 A without ligand and 36.3 ± 1.1 A with isopropyl-β- d -thiogalactoside. In the context of data from single crystals of repressor and core, the measured radii of gyration are shown to be consistent with a core (or repressor) molecule of dimensional anisotropy 1: (1.5 to 2.0): (3.0 to 4.0). The 5 A difference in radius of gyration between native and core repressor is interpreted to mean that the amino terminal 59 residues (headpieces) lie at the ends of an elongated repressor molecule. This structure implies that the repressor may have DNA binding sites, consisting of two adjacent headpieces, on each end of the molecule and this binds to the DNA with its long axis perpendicular to the DNA.
Information-Seeking, Research Utilization, and Barriers to Research Utilization of Pediatric Nurse Educators.

This study used Roger's diffusion of innovations model to examine information-seeking, research utilization, and perceived barriers to research utilization of pediatric nurse educators in National League for Nursing accredited baccalaureate degree nursing (BSN) programs. A four instrument survey was mailed to 409 pediatric nurse educators. The response rate was 52 per cent. The most frequently selected sources of information for updating instruction of BSN students were nursing journals, educational activities by specialty groups, and nursing texts. The level of research utilization was estimated using the Nursing Practice Questionnaire-Education (NPQ-E). The level of research utilization for the eight nursing practices related to pediatric pain assessment and management was at the implementation stage. The highest perceived barriers to research utilization in clinical settings using the Barriers instrument were characteristics of the nurse followed by characteristics of the setting, the presentation, and the research. Pediatric nurse educators who selected nursing journals among their top three sources of information had significantly higher research utilization scores than those who did not select nursing journals among their top three sources of information.
The other side of the bed rail.

As the pace of change in medicine quickens, physicians who teach will bear a special responsibility to provide strong examples of empathy and professionalism to students and residents. After all, o...
Does Bus Rapid Transit Influence Urban Land Development and Property Values: A Review of the Literature

AbstractDespite the proliferation of bus rapid transit (BRT) systems over the past few decades across developed and developing world cities, the impacts across these systems on the urban spatial development and property markets have not been comprehensively studied. The current paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature by reviewing the methodologies, underlying theories, and findings presented in the individual academic studies on BRT land-use and price impacts, mostly drawing on those that have focused on Latin American and Asian systems. The review shows that the land-use and value impacts have been less uniform across systems compared to such operational performance metrics as speed and travel time improvements. While predominantly relying on cross-sectional modeling techniques, the approaches used to evaluate land-use changes induced by the transit systems are not uniform either, with only some studies explicitly measuring changes in types of land use as opposed to simply land or rental price....
Viscosity of Electrolytes

THE investigations of Jones and Dole1 suggested to me the problem of studying the viscosity of strong electrolytes from the viewpoint of the theory of Debye.2 It is well known that Debye's theory assumes that each ion is surrounded by an ‘ionic atmosphere’ the total charge of which is equal and opposite to the total charge of the central ion.
Multicomponent gas analysis via transient operation of liquid coated piezoelectric crystal detectors

Abstract Hydrodyanmic coupling between an oscillating piezoelectric crystal and an adjacent liquid provides the basis for liquid coated/piezoelectric crystal (LC/PC) gas sensors. A full description of the controlling coupling phenomenon is given, including the fundamental equations describing LC/PC versus gas composition behaviour. The transient operation of a single LC/PC is shown to be capable of providing multicomponent gas phase composition analysis.
Developmental outcomes and environmental correlates of very low birthweight, cocaine-exposed infants.

Fetal cocaine exposure may have differentially adverse effects on developmental outcomes of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. As part of a longitudinal study, 31 cocaine-positive very low birthweight infants, and age, race and socioeconomic status matched VLBW controls enrolled at birth were followed. Neonatal maternal–child interactions, concurrent maternal psychological characteristics and environmental factors conceptualized as important for child outcome were assessed as well as standard developmental outcomes at 3 years. In the neonatal period, cocaine-exposed VLBW infants who remained in maternal custody tended to be rated as less responsive and their mothers as less nurturing, less emotionally available and with a tendency to use more maladaptive coping mechanisms than nonexposed VLBW infants. At followup, cocaine-exposed VLBW children were delayed in cognitive, motor and language development compared to controls. Almost half (45%) of the exposed children scored in the range of mental retardation compared to 16% of the comparison VLBW children. The persistent cognitive, motor and language delays of the cocaine-exposed VLBW children, combined with the poorer behavioral interactions of cocaine-using women with their infants in the neonatal period, indicate a need for increased developmental surveillance of cocaine-exposed VLBW infants with a focus on maternal drug treatment and parenting interventions. D 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
X-ray phase-attenuation duality and phase retrieval

Phase retrieval is the key to quantitative x-ray phase-contrast imaging. To retrieve the phase image of an x-ray wave field, in general one needs multiple phase-contrast images. We have made a new observation of phase-attenuation duality for soft tissues, and we show how only a single phase-contrast image is needed for successful phase retrieval based on this duality. The phase-retrieval formula based on a single phase-contrast image of inhomogeneous soft tissue is derived and presented. We show the striking enhancement of the tissue contrast in simulated phase images that this new approach produces.
Importance of D1 and D2 receptors in the dorsal caudate-putamen for the locomotor activity and stereotyped behaviors of preweanling rats

Dopaminergic compounds often affect the unlearned behaviors of preweanling and adult rats differently, although the brain regions underlying these age-dependent behavioral effects have not been specified. A candidate brain region is the dorsal caudate-putamen (CPu); thus, a goal of the present study was to determine whether D1 and D2 receptors in the dorsal CPu are capable of modulating the unlearned behaviors of preweanling rats. In Experiments 1 and 2, selective and nonselective dopamine agonists were bilaterally microinjected into the dorsal CPu on postnatal day (PD) 18 and both locomotor activity and stereotypy were measured. In Experiment 3, the functional coupling of D1 and D2 receptors was assessed by microinjecting the D1 agonist SKF-82958 and the D2/D3 agonist quinpirole either alone or in combination. In Experiments 4 and 5, quinpirole and the D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390, or SKF-82958 and the D2 receptor antagonist raclopride, were co-administered into the dorsal CPu to further assess whether a functional D1 or D2 receptor system is necessary for the expression of quinpirole- or SKF-82958-induced behaviors. Results showed that selective stimulation of D1 or D2 receptors in the dorsal CPu increased both the locomotor activity and stereotypy of preweanling rats. Receptor coupling was evident on PD 18 because co-administration of a subthreshold dose of SKF-82958 and quinpirole produced more locomotor activity than either agonist alone. Lastly, the dopamine antagonist experiments showed that both D1 and D2 receptor systems must be functional for SKF-82958- or quinpirole-induced locomotor activity to be fully manifested. When the present data are compared to results from non-ontogenetic studies, it appears that pharmacological manipulation of D1 and D2 receptors in the dorsal CPu affects the behavior of preweanling and adult rats in a generally similar manner, although some important age-dependent differences are apparent. For example, D1 and/or D2 agonists preferentially induce locomotor activity, and not intense stereotypy, in younger animals.
Oral contraceptives and the risk of ductal breast carcinoma in situ.

Recent evidence suggests that oral contraceptive use is associated with little to no increased risk of invasive breast carcinoma. No study has examined the relationship between oral contraceptive use and the risk of non-invasive breast carcinoma, that is, breast carcinoma in situ. Objective. To define the role of oral contraceptive use in the development of breast carcinoma in situ. Methods. The data are 875 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cases diagnosed among residents of the state of Connecticut from September 15, 1994 to March 14, 1998 and between the age of 20 and 79 years as well as 999 control subjects. Controls are female Connecticut residents collected via random-digit-dial and frequency matched to the cases by 5-year age intervals. Telephone interviews were used to collect information on risk factors and cancer screening history. Logistic regression was used to provide maximum likelihood estimates of the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results. The risk of being diagnosed with DCIS for women who had ever used oral contraceptives was not increased relative to women who had never used them (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.8, 1.2). The risk did not significantly increase with duration of oral contraceptive use, nor with duration of high estrogen use, time since last use, progestin or estrogen type, or age at first use. Furthermore, the association between oral contraceptive use and DCIS risk did not vary by the presence of a family history of breast cancer or by menopausal status. Conclusions. In these data, no evidence was found for an increased risk of ductal carcinoma in situ associated with the use of oral contraceptives.
“The grammar of action”: Sequence and syntax in children's copying☆

Abstract Progressions when copying shapes can be regarded as forming a path, with choices to be made at points along the path. Paths can be described in terms of rules that specify what to do at the start (e.g., start at the top rather than the bottom, with a vertical rather than a horizontal stroke) and in general (e.g., draw with a continuous line rather than a broken pattern). Such rules describe consistencies in the paths children and adults follow. They also allow us to describe age changes in terms of hierarchies of shifting rules, design differences in terms of conflict between rules, and errors (left-right reversals) in terms of the need to amend the usual rules. The results point to the advantages of treating graphic behavior as syntactic behavior and to the feasibility of using graphic tasks for the analysis of patterned or rule-governed activity.
Projections of future sea level becoming more dire

Few of the possible impacts of future climate change have captured more public attention than sea-level rise. Globally, sea-level rise has accelerated since the 19th century, driven primarily by the expansion of warmer oceans and melting glaciers, along with a modest transfer of water into the ocean from the Earth's polar ice sheets. The observed rate of sea-level rise has not been uniform around the globe because of regional factors, but there is no doubt that the average sea-level trend is upwards (1). Implications for the rates and magnitudes of future sea-level rise are less clear, and a new study in this issue of PNAS (2) provides useful insight into how sea level will change through this century and beyond.
Abstract 4368: Tumor cell entry into the lymph node is controlled by CCL1 chemokine expressed by lymph node lymphatic sinuses

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL The lymphatic vessels are thought to contribute to metastasis primarily by serving as a transportation system. It is widely believed that tumor cells enter lymph nodes passively, by the flow of lymph. Here, we demonstrate that lymph node lymphatic sinuses control tumor cell entry into the lymph node. In vitro, tumor migration to lymphatic endothelium (LECs) was inhibited by blocking CCR8 or CCL1. Recombinant CCL1 promoted migration of CCR8+ tumor cells. Pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1α and LPS increased CCL1 production by LECs as well as tumor cell migration to LECs. Blocking studies showed that CCL1 is a key molecule mediating tumor cell chemotaxis to inflamed lymphatic endothelium. In mouse and human tissues CCL1 protein was detected in lymph node lymphatic sinuses, but not in the peripheral lymphatics. In addition, CCR8 was strongly expressed by human malignant melanoma. In a mouse model, blocking CCR8 function decreased lymph node metastasis. Notably, inhibition of CCR8 led to the arrest of tumor cells in the collecting lymphatic vessels at the junction with the lymph node subcapsular sinus. These data identify a novel function for CCL1/CCR8 in metastasis and lymph node LECs as a critical check-point for entry of metastases into the lymph nodes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4368. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4368
Epsilon aminocaproic acid in hemophiliacs undergoing dental extractions: a concise review.

On the basis of our review of the literature, it can be concluded that the advantages of E-A.C.A. include (1) safe execution of oral surgical procedures in persons with hemophilia of varying degrees of severity, (2) decrease or total elimination of the need for specific factor replacement therapy, (3) extremely positive cost effectiveness, and (4) reproducibility of results at different hemophilia centers.
Mechanism of inactivation of human O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase by O6-benzylguanine

Human O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase was rapidly inactivated by low concentrations of O6-benzylguanine, but the alkyltransferase from the Escherichia coli ogt gene was much less sensitive and alkyltransferases from the E. coli ada gene or from yeast were not affected. O6-Benzyl-2'-deoxyguanosine was less potent than the base, but was still an effective inactivator of the human alkyltransferase and had no effect on the microbial proteins. O6-Allylguanine was somewhat less active, but still gave complete inactivation of both the human and Ogt alkyltransferases at 200 microM in 30 min, slightly affected the Ada protein, and had no effect on the yeast alkyltransferase. O4-Benzylthymidine did not inactivate any of the alkyltransferase proteins tested. Inactivation of the human alkyltransferase by O6-benzylguanine led to the formation of S-benzylcysteine in the protein and to the stoichiometric production of guanine. The rate of guanine formation followed second-order kinetics (k = 600 M-1 s-1). Prior inactivation of the alkyltransferase by reaction with a methylated DNA substrate abolished its ability to convert O6-benzylguanine into guanine. These results indicate that O6-benzylguanine inactivates the protein by acting as a substrate for alkyl transfer and by forming S-benzylcysteine at the acceptor site of the protein. The inability of O6-benzylguanine to inactivate the microbial alkyltransferases may be explained by steric constraints at this site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lack of Association between Human Plasma Oxytocin and Interpersonal Trust in a Prisoner’s Dilemma Paradigm

Expanding interest in oxytocin, particularly the role of endogenous oxytocin in human social behavior, has created a pressing need for replication of results and verification of assay methods. In this study, we sought to replicate and extend previous results correlating plasma oxytocin with trust and trustworthy behavior. As a necessary first step, the two most commonly used commercial assays were compared in human plasma via the addition of a known quantity of exogenous oxytocin, with and without sample extraction. Plasma sample extraction was found to be critical in obtaining repeatable concentrations of oxytocin. In the subsequent trust experiment, twelve samples in duplicate, from each of 82 participants, were collected over approximately six hours during the performance of a Prisoner’s Dilemma task paradigm that stressed human interpersonal trust. We found no significant relationship between plasma oxytocin concentrations and trusting or trustworthy behavior. In light of these findings, previous published work that used oxytocin immunoassays without sample extraction should be reexamined and future research exploring links between endogenous human oxytocin and trust or social behavior should proceed with careful consideration of methods and appropriate biofluids for analysis.