cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prototropic reactivity in salicylamide and salicylanilide by molecular electronic spectroscopy.

The acidity dependences of the electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of salicylamide and salicylanilide were employed to demonstrate the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond in the ground states of the neutral molecules. Upon excitation to the lowest excited singlet state, intramolecular proton transfer from the phenolic groups to the carboxamide and phenyl carboxamide groups is observed. Hydrogen bonding and protonation of the carboxamide groups are shown to occur at the nitrogen atoms rather than at the oxygen atoms.
A Method of Using Neural Networks and Inverse Kinematics for Machine Tools Error Estimation and Correction

A method using artificial neural networks and inverse kinematics for machine tool error correction is presented. A generalized error model is derived, by using rigid body kinematics, to describe the error motion between the cutting tool and workpiece at discrete temperature conditions. Neural network models are then built to track the time-varying machine tool errors at various thermal conditions. The output of the neural network models can be used to periodically modify, using inverse kinematics technique, the error model’s coefficients as the cutting processes proceeded. Thus, the time-varying positioning errors at other points within the designated workspace can be estimated. Experimental results show that the time-varying machine tool errors can be estimated and corrected with desired accuracy. The estimated errors resulted from the proposed methodology could be used to adjust the depth of cut on the finish pass, or correct the probing data for process-intermittent inspection to improve the accuracy of workpieces.
Electronics in a spin

Electrons can be shuttled around according to their 'spin', as well as their charge. Do this efficiently in a semiconductor and the future of electronics starts to look very different.
The Swimming Performance of Nine Species of Common California Inshore Fishes

Abstract The swimming performance of nine species of Southern California fish was tested in a flume at velocities of 42 to 117 cm/second. Genyonemus lineatus demonstrated the fastest continuous swimming ability of 61 cm/second, Hypsurus caryi the slowest, 42 cm/second. Five embiotocids tested demonstrated similar continuous swimming speeds ranging from 42 to 52 cm/second. Burst swimming abilities were in excess of 100 cm/second for four of five species tested; G. lineatus attained 137 cm/second. Chromis punctipinnis was the best swimmer relative to body length (BL), reaching 5.9 BL/second continuous and 11.1 BL/second burst swimming speeds. Gravid Hypsurus caryi had a lesser swimming ability than nongravid and male individuals of the species.
Divalproex in the Treatment of Acute Bipolar Depression: A Preliminary Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study

Objective To determine the efficacy of divalproex (extended release) in the treatment of acute nonrefractory bipolar depression. Method In a stratified, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 18 acutely depressed bipolar outpatients (DSM-IV criteria) received either divalproex monotherapy (target dose level, 70-90 ng/dL) (N = 9) or placebo (N = 9) for 6 weeks. Patients were recruited between January 2004 and May 2005. Clinical assessment on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) determined primary efficacy. Results The divalproex treatment group showed significantly greater reduction in MADRS scores compared to placebo (group x time interaction, p = .0078). Absolute effect size of estimated MADRS total score reduction over time was 13.6 points with divalproex versus 1.4 points with placebo (p = .003, linear growth curve model). Standardized effect size was large (Cohen d = 0.81). MADRS item analyses demonstrated improvement in core mood symptoms more than in anxiety or insomnia symptoms. There was also a modest but significant association between MADRS and Mania Rating Scale scores in the divalproex group (r = 0.29, df = 51, p = .03), but not in the placebo group (r = -0.15, df = 35, p = .36). Conclusions Divalproex appeared to be an effective treatment for acute nonrefractory bipolar depression, which is consistent with previous small randomized studies. Some evidence of benefit in the depressive mixed state was observed. Confirmation or refutation with larger randomized clinical trials is warranted. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00226343.
The Internet and patient education--resources and their reliability: focus on a select urologic topic.

Abstract Objectives. The information revolution triggered by the rapid growth of the Internet has allowed healthcare providers and patients to access a rapidly expanding volume of information. To address the quality of this information, a survey of the data on a single urology-related topic available on the Internet was performed. Methods. The search on the World Wide Web (Web) was performed using the search engine HotBot and search directory Yahoo. The Web pages were assessed according to their relevancy to the topic chosen. Relevance rates were derived from the number of relevant sites divided by the total number of sites found. Relevant sites were subsequently ranked for quality on the basis of their accuracy, comprehensiveness, and objectivity. HotBot was then subsequently divided by domain, with each assessed separately. Yahoo was analyzed in its entirety. The resources were then compared for relevance and quality of information. Results. When using the keyword “Viagra,” HotBot responded with 15,109 hits. Yahoo presented 51 hits under the category, “Health: Pharmacy: Drugs and Medications: Specific Drugs and Medications: Viagra (Sildenafil).” The relevance rate for the first 50 hits in the search engine HotBot was 0.08. The relevance rates for the edu and org domains found by HotBot were 0.22 and 0.24, respectively; those for com and net were both 0.10. The relevance rate for the search directory Yahoo was 0.20. For relevant sites, the quality of the information presented was significantly higher in the Yahoo and in the HotBot domains hosted by nonprofit organizations when compared with HotBot in general and with its commercially oriented domains. HotBot overall was found to contain seven excellent sites, of which only three were found within Yahoo. Conclusions. Although the medical information available on the Web has proliferated at a remarkable rate, the number of Web sites providing complete, nonbiased information continues to represent only a small portion of the total. We have shown that the search directory Yahoo reduced the number of irrelevant sites significantly, but at the same time, some very valuable information available in HotBot was missing. At present, it may be useful to conduct searches within Yahoo followed by a review of both the edu and org HotBot domains.
The bonding of chalcogen overlayers on Ni (100)

Abstract We present new evidence for the character of two forms of bonding by chalcogen adsorbates on Ni(100) for two different coverages, while the adsorbate site remains the same. Comparisons with data from solid state systems, rather than molecular analogs, are used and may be appropriate sources for models in such cases of strongly chemisorbed adatoms. By comparing recent photoemission data on solid chalcogens (S, Se, Te) with that of chalcogen overlayers on Ni(100), we are able, but for different reasons, to support the previous proposal that with the chalcogen atoms adsorbed in a four-fold site that (a) for the ordered c(2×2) one half-monolayer coverage, the chalcogen adatoms on Ni(100) are bonded to two Ni atoms and that (b) for an ordered one-fourth monolayer coverage, the chalcogen is bonded to four Ni atoms. Two chalcogen adsorbate-induced levels, one largely non-bonding and the other made up of bonding electrons, should be found in the valence region when the chalcogen is two-fold coordinated, as it is in the elemental solid. Several methods for testing these proposals have been suggested. The modification of adatom bonding as a function of coverage implies important adatom-adatom interactions which may be involved in the poisoning of Ni catalysts by chalcogen compounds.
On a Theorem of Ganter

We prove a generalization of a theorem of Ganter concerning the embedding of partial Steiner systems into Steiner systems. As an application we discuss a further version of the problem of Rosenfeld on embedding graphs into strongly regular graphs.
CFD Simulation of Gasoline Compression Ignition

Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is a low temperature combustion (LTC) concept that has been gaining increasing interest over the recent years owing to its potential to achieve diesel-like thermal efficiencies with significantly reduced engine-out nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions compared to diesel engines. In this work, closed-cycle computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed of this combustion mode using a sector mesh in an effort to understand effects of model settings on simulation results. One goal of this work is to provide recommendations for grid resolution, combustion model, chemical kinetic mechanism, and turbulence model to accurately capture experimental combustion characteristics. Grid resolutions ranging from 0.7 mm to 0.1 mm minimum cell sizes were evaluated in conjunction with both Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) based turbulence models. Solution of chemical kinetics using the multi-zone approach is evaluated against the detailed approach of solving chemistry in every cell. The relatively small primary reference fuel (PRF) mechanism (48 species) used in this study is also evaluated against a larger 312-species gasoline mechanism.Based on these studies the following model settings are chosen keeping in mind both accuracy and computation costs — 0.175 mm minimum cell size grid, RANS turbulence model, 48-species PRF mechanism, and multi-zone chemistry solution with bin limits of 5 K in temperature and 0.05 in equivalence ratio. With these settings, the performance of the CFD model is evaluated against experimental results corresponding to a low load start of injection (SOI) timing sweep. The model is then exercised to investigate the effect of SOI on combustion phasing with constant intake valve closing (IVC) conditions and fueling over a range of SOI timings to isolate the impact of SOI on charge preparation and ignition. Simulation results indicate that there is an optimum SOI timing, in this case −30°aTDC (after top dead center), which results in the most stable combustion. Advancing injection with respect to this point leads to significant fuel mass burning in the colder squish region, leading to retarded phasing and ultimately misfire for SOI timings earlier than −42°aTDC. On the other hand, retarding injection beyond this optimum timing results in reduced residence time available for gasoline ignition kinetics, and also leads to retarded phasing, with misfire at SOI timings later than −15°aTDC.© 2014 ASME
Some truths about the rumors, gossip, hearsay, and innuendo surrounding the Freeport murder mystery of 1914

This article examines how metropolitan newspapers reported the scandalous 1914 murder of a Long Island housewife who was shot by an unknown assailant as she was being examined by her physician. Headlines focused on the ‘insanely jealous’ doctor's wife upon the discovery of an eavesdropping device she had installed in her husband's examining room, but other information, always reported as rumor or camouflaged in innuendo, indicated an alternative story of a thriving abortion practice and a pregnant housewife seeking relief from her condition. Instead of exposing or condemning the illegal activities, newspapers kept the victim's ‘open secret,’ deferring to the ‘private morality’ that broadly supported abortion practices in the USA by disguising the information as rumor, thereby allowing its readers to decipher the likely truth within the uncertainties of hearsay and gossip.
Invariant Imbedding and a Class of Variational Problems.

Consider the minimization of an integral $$I = \int_a^T {[\frac{1}{2}\dot w^2 + F(w,y)]} dy$$ withw(a)=c andw(T)=free. An initial-value problem for the optimizing function is derived directly from the variational problem. It is shown that the solution of the initial-value problem satisfies the usual Euler equation. The Bellman-Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation is also treated.
Glycylsarcosine uptake in rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles isolated from outer cortex or outer medulla: Evidence for heterogeneous distribution of oligopeptide transporters

Studies were initially performed in rabbit brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) prepared from whole cortex plus outer medulla. In these studies using combined tissues, two distinct peptide/H+ transport systems were found for glycylsarcosine (GlySar) uptake, with one representing a low-affinity/high-capacity system (Vm1=974 pmol/mg/10 sec and Km1=4819 μM) and the other a high-affinity/low-capacity system (Vm2=220 pmol/mg/10 sec and Km2=96 μM). Thus, under linear conditions, the high-affinity transporter accounted for about 92% of the total transport of dipeptide. To better define the regional heterogeneity of peptide transporter activity in kidney, subsequent studies were performed in vesicles prepared from separately harvested outer cortical and outer medullary tissue. In BBMV studies prepared from outer cortex, two saturable components were revealed for GlySar transport (low-affinity/high-capacity transport system: Vm1=1921 pmol/mg/10 sec and Km1=11714 μM; high-affinity/low-capacity transport system: Vm2=143 pmol/mg/10 sec and Km2=138 μM). However, in BBMV studies prepared from outer medulla, only one saturable component was revealed for GlySar transport (high-affinity/low-capacity transport system: Vm2=168 pmol/mg/10 sec and Km2=230 μM). Overall, these studies support the contention that peptides are handled sequentially in kidney (ie, first by low-affinity transporter PEPT1, and then by high-affinity transporter PEPT2) and that PEPT2 is primarily responsible for the renal reabsorption of peptides and peptidomimetics.
GPU Implementation of Bayesian Neural Network Construction for Data-Intensive Applications

We describe a graphical processing unit (GPU) implementation of the Hybrid Markov Chain Monte Carlo (HMC) method for training Bayesian Neural Networks (BNN). Our implementation uses NVIDIA's parallel computing architecture, CUDA. We briefly review BNNs and the HMC method and we describe our implementations and give preliminary results.
Risk of complications from enterotomy or unplanned bowel resection during elective hernia repair.

Hypothesis Enterotomy or unplanned bowel resection (EBR) may occur during elective incisional hernia repair (IHR) and significantly affects surgical outcomes and hospital resource use. Design Retrospective review of patients undergoing IHR between January 1998 and December 2002. Setting Sixteen tertiary care Veterans Affairs medical centers. Patients A total of 1124 elective incisional hernia repairs identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data set. Intervention Elective IHR. Main Outcome Measures Thirty-day postoperative complication rate, return to operating room, length of stay, and operative time. Results Of the 1124 elective procedures, 74.1% were primary IHR, 13.3% were recurrent prior mesh IHR, and 12.6% were recurrent prior suture. Overall, 7.3% had an EBR. The incidence of EBR was increased in patients with prior repair: 5.3% for primary repair, 5.7% for recurrent prior suture, and 20.3% for prior mesh repair ( P P P P P P Conclusions Enterotomy or unplanned bowel resection is more likely to complicate recurrent IHR with prior mesh. The occurrence of EBR is associated with increased postoperative complications, return to the operating room, risk of enterocutaneous fistula, length of hospitalization, and operative time.
The positive maximum entropy distribution

Abstract The maximum entropy (ME) principle is applied to samples from a positive population, yielding a positive ME distribution with one truncated exponential component distribution. This approach is easily extended to double-constrained variables such as proportions (e.g., market shares and budget shares).
Nuclear respiratory factors and the pathways of nuclear-mitochondrial interaction.

Mitochondrial oxidative pathways can be adversely affected by mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Recent evidence indicates that cardiac impairment is an important clinical feature of mitochondrial diseases resulting from such mutations. Understanding the regulatory interplay between nuclear and mitochondrial genetic systems may yield new insights into human genetic defects affecting cardiac function. Nuclear respiratory factors (NRF-1 and NRF-2) are transcriptional activators that act on a significant subset of nuclear genes required for mitochondrial respiration. These factors most likely participate in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions by helping to coordinate the synthesis of respiratory chain subunits with components of the mitochondrial transcription, replication, and heme biosynthetic machinery. Thus, NRFs and related factors are likely contributors to the nuclear control of mitochondrial energy production that is essential for normal myocardial function.
Combination of human and machine-based demand forecasts

Abstract Computer generated forecasts, manual predictions, forecasts of principal turning points of the load curve and component day forecasts are major basic load forecast elements available to system control operators. An important requirement of the operational facility is that its human-machine interface should provide a clear structure of information and be linked to an algorithm which combines various on- and off-line predictions to generate a final best estimate demand forecast. In particular, through this association of rule and knowledge based human interference with the data driven on-line methods, the difficulties in forecasting special events demands can be overcome, where the problems of sudden load pattern change and insufficient data often lead to unsatisfactory performance of time series based data extrapolations. This paper presents a method which combines manually entered (off-line) with automatically generated (on-line) forecasts; its ability to forecast demand during special periods is demonstrated. The method has been implemented in the real time environment and links directly to other programs which calculate unit dispatch schedules.
A feedback shift-register scaler

Scaler using ferrite-core shift register with linear-logic feedback developed for spacecraft computer clock
Rates and influences of alcohol use disorder comorbidity among primary stimulant misusing treatment-seekers: meta-analytic findings across eight NIDA CTN trials.

Background: There is need to improve treatment effectiveness for stimulant misusers, and one means of doing so is by tailoring services to account for common diagnostic comorbidities and psychosocial challenges they face. Objectives: Using its publicly available datasets, this CTN-approved secondary analysis project examined prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) among primary stimulant misusing treatment-seekers as well as impact of AUD comorbidity on their pre-treatment psychosocial functioning. Methods: Upon identifying a primary stimulant misuser subsample (N = 1133) from among aggregated treatment-seekers across eight CTN trials, diagnostic data were used to document lifetime AUD rates. Paired comparisons, stratified by stimulant drug type (e.g., amphetamine, cocaine) then tested the influence of AUD comorbidity on psychosocial indices from the Addiction Severity Index – Lite. Results: A high AUD rate (45%) was found in this client population. Among primary cocaine misusers, those with AUD were m...
SNS stripper foil development program

Abstract When the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) becomes fully operational it will be the world's highest intensity neutron spallation source. The charge-exchange injection section in the accumulator ring, which strips the injected H − beam to H + , requires a stripper foil 260 μg/cm 2 thick, 12 mm wide, a height of at least 20 mm, and support from just the top edge. The foil will get very hot due to the 1.4 MW, 1 GeV, 60 Hz H − beam that passes through the foil, in addition to the 7–10 foil traversals each circulating proton makes through the foil. The planned upgrade to 3 MW beam power presents an even greater challenge. To meet this challenge a diamond foil development program has been underway at ORNL since 2001. Both microcrystalline and nanocrystalline foils have been developed and tested. In this paper we will discuss the SNS injection process, stripper foil requirements, and results from the diamond foil development and testing program.
Phenology of the apple maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains.

The apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), is an important pest of apples in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. The seasonal phenology of adult flight activity was monitored with baited red sphere traps in eight abandoned apple orchards in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina and South Carolina in 2004 and 2005, ranging in elevation from 300 to 853 m. Trap captures showed that at elevations of ≥630 m, the apple maggot was primarly univoltine, with adult activity most intense during a 2-mo period from late June to late August in 2004 and from mid-July to mid-September in 2005. At lower elevation sites in North Carolina and South Carolina (300–328 m elevation), adults were active for a 5- to 6-mo period from late May or early June into November. Trap captures suggested the apple maggot was bivoltine at lower elevation sites. There was also evidence from trap captures of distinct early and late emerging flies from overwintering pupae. A winter simulation study in which pupae from maggot-infested apples collected in July (early emergers) and September (late emergers) were exposed to cold treatments (4°C) ranging from 3 to 52 wk showed that the postdiapause rate was more rapid for early versus late emergers when exposed to a minimum 8-wk cold period. For pupae receiving cold treatments ranging from 8 to 19 wk, early emergers eclosed 257–321 DD before late emergers, but this difference was only 146 DD for pupae receiving a 35-wk cold treatment. Climatic conditions in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, including a relatively long growing season and mild winters, are conducive to a more protracted apple maggot emergence period compared with more northern locations.
Self-insight into the cognitive processing of financial information☆

Abstract An experimental setting was formulated where individuals processed financial information and provided estimates of changes in security prices. The ability of subjects to express accurate subjective cue weights was assessed by comparing the subjective weights with objective (statistical) cue weights based on their judgments. The results indicate an encouraging degree of insight, especially when the results are compared with previous studies in psychology, since this group of users of accounting information were able to express indications of relative cue importance which reflected the way they were using the information.
Inhibition of L-alanine aminotransferase by lithium salts.

Abstract Pharmacologic concentrations of either LiCl, LiNO 3 and LiF or the lithium salts of pyruvic or glutamic acids inhibit the formation of alanine arising from the transamination of glutamate in the presence of pyruvate. Lithium pyruvate is the most effective inhibitor, while the addition of K + to the incubation reaction can effectively reduce this inhibition. Some possible modes of action of the lithium ion is presented.
Signatures of a Novel Fermi Liquid in a Two-Dimensional Composite Particle Metal

Quasiparticle excitation gaps of the $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{p}{(2p+1)}$ fractional quantum Hall states in a low-disorder two-dimensional hole system are observed to scale linearly with $\frac{(\frac{{e}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}{\ensuremath{\ell}}_{B}})}{(2p+1)}$, predicted by the Chern-Simons gauge field theory if a hole-flux composite particle Fermi liquid forms around filling $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{1}{2}$ (${\ensuremath{\ell}}_{B}$ is the magnetic length). The effective mass and quantum lifetime of these new particles reveal a remarkable renormalization structure, including a strongly diverging mass and enhanced scattering close to the Fermi surface, suggesting a novel class of marginal Fermi liquid behavior.
Structure of a NEMO/IKK-Associating Domain Reveals Architecture of the Interaction Site.

Summary The phosphorylation of IκB by the IKK complex targets it for degradation and releases NF-κB for translocation into the nucleus to initiate the inflammatory response, cell proliferation, or cell differentiation. The IKK complex is composed of the catalytic IKKα/β kinases and a regulatory protein, NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO; IKKγ). NEMO associates with the unphosphorylated IKK kinase C termini and activates the IKK complex's catalytic activity. However, detailed structural information about the NEMO/IKK interaction is lacking. In this study, we have identified the minimal requirements for NEMO and IKK kinase association using a variety of biophysical techniques and have solved two crystal structures of the minimal NEMO/IKK kinase associating domains. We demonstrate that the NEMO core domain is a dimer that binds two IKK fragments and identify energetic hot spots that can be exploited to inhibit IKK complex formation with a therapeutic agent.
Homologous pairing in vitro stimulated by the recombination Hotspot, Chi

Abstract Genetic recombination in Escherichia coli is stimulated at DNA sequences known as Chi sites, 5′-GCT-GGTGG-3′. We describe the in vitro formation of homologously paired joint molecules that is dependent upon this recombination hotspot. Chi-dependent joint molecule formation requires RecA, RecBCD, and SSB proteins and a Chi site in the donor linear dsDNA. The donor dsDNA is unwound by RecBCD enzyme, and the invasive strand is generated by nicking at Chi. This Chi-dependent invading strand must contain homology to the recipient supercoiled DNA substrate at its newly formed 3′ end for efficient joint molecule formation. Action at Chi generates invasive ssDNA from the 5′ but not the 3′ side of Chi, suggesting that the nuclease activity of RecBCD enzyme is attenuated upon encountering a Chi site. These results support the view that RecBCD enzyme action can precede RecA protein action and reconcile the seemingly opposing degradative and recombination functions of RecBCD enzyme.
Differences in Stroke Between White, Hispanic, and Native American Patients: A Correction

To the Editor: Upon review of our published article, “Differences in Stroke Between White, Hispanic, and Native American Patients: The Barrow Neurological Institute Stroke Database” ( Stroke. 1998:29–33), …
On the uniqueness of the tetrahedral association schemes

Abstract Let V be the set of ( 3 4 ) 3- sets in {1 … n }. Say p , q ∈ V are i th associates, ( p , q ) ∈ A i , if 3 = i + | p ∩ q |. An association scheme is tetrahedral if it is isomorphic to the scheme { A 0 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 } and a graph is tetrahedral if it is isomorphic to A 1 . Aigner [1] and Bose and Laskar [2] have shown that the tetrahedral graphs are characterized by their characteristic equations, provided n n > 16. The present paper extends methods of Hoffman [7] to show that the tetrahedral association schemes are characterized by their structural constants, provided n > 10.
Mentor inflatable penile prosthesis Preliminary clinical results in 30 patients

The Mentor inflatable penile prosthesis was designed to decrease the incidence of mechanical failures associated with the Scott inflatable penile prosthesis. The penile cylinders of the Mentor prosthesis are manufactured from Bioflex polyurethane, a new polymer which is more durable and less elastic than silicone. The Mentor prosthesis also has a connector system which employs plastic clamps rather than suture ties to fix tubings to connectors. The new prosthesis has been implanted in 30 patients with organic impotency. These patients have been followed for an average of 7.7 (5-12) months. All patients achieved a satisfactory cosmetic and functional result from the procedure.
Electronic Structure of Ferric Iron Octahedrally Coordinated to Oxygen

A FERRIC ion coordinated to an octahedron of oxide ions may be considered the basic polyhedral unit of Fe2O3 (haematite) and an important unit in Ca3Fe2Si3O12 (andradite garnet), Fe3O4 (magnetite) and other silicate and oxide minerals. A knowledge of the electronic structure of this unit is of considerable interest in mineralogy and solid state science. In recent years a great deal of information on the electronic structure of minerals has been obtained from the study of their spectral properties. We report here results of molecular quantum mechanical calculations on an FeO69- unit and compare them with experimental data from X-ray emission, X-ray photoelectron and optical spectroscopies. The agreement found between experimental and calculated spectral transition energies establishes the validity of the calculation and furthermore clarifies the interpretation of the spectral data.
7-Arylidenenaltrexones as selective δ1 opioid receptor antagonists

A series of 7-arylidinenaltrexones (2a−m) related to the prototypical δ1-selective antagonist, 7-benzylidenenaltrexone 1 (BNTX), have been synthesized in an effort to develop more selective ligands. Testing in smooth muscle preparations revealed that members of the series exhibited varying degrees of selectively for δ receptors, with the o-methoxy (2e) and o-chloro (2j) congeners being most potent and most selective (Ke ∼ 0.8 nm). Evaluation of 1, 2e, and 2f sc in mice using the tail-flick procedure indicated that they are selective δ1 opioid receptor antagonists in the lower dose range. At high doses these ligands, including BNTX, exhibited decreased δ1 selectivity due to increases in the ED50 ratios of [d-Ser2,Leu5]enkephalin-Thr6 and morphine. It is concluded that 2e and 2f possess in vivo selectivity similar to that of BNTX, but are less potent as δ1 antagonists.
Compensation of cable radiation in measurement of HF patterns

This paper details a simple compensation method for measuring radiation patterns in the HF band. Measured patterns have ripples of several decibels that are not a product of the antenna but rather radiation from the feed cable, as suggested from computer simulation. By assuming the feed cable is an independent vertically polarized radiator and making a third measurement, these ripples from both vertically and horizontally polarized patterns can be partially removed.
Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

We have begun to develop the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, as a eukaryotic model for cellular defenses against alkylating agents. Here we describe the cloning and characterization of a cDNA, designated mag1, encoding a S. pombe 3-methyladenine (3MeA) DNA glycosylase. 3MeA DNA glycosylases in Escherichia coli are encoded by alkA and tag. S. pombe mag1 was cloned by its ability to reverse the alkylation-sensitive phenotype of an alkA tag E. coli double mutant. The expression of S. pombe magl in E. coli confers partial resistance to alkylating agents that produce methyl, ethyl and propyl lesions, and Magl production produces 3MeA DNA glycosylase activity. In contrast to the E. coli alkA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae MAG genes, expression of S. pombe magl was not appreciably induced by alkylating agents. The magl cDNA encodes a protein of 228 amino acids (aa) that shares similarity with 3MeA DNA glycosylases from E. coli (AlkA), Bacillus subtilis (BsAlkA) and S. cerevisiae (MAG). A consensus sequence of 9 aa common to these microbial 3MeA DNA glycosylases is discussed.
Association between childhood sexual abuse and adverse psychological outcomes among youth in Taipei.

Abstract Purpose The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and negative psychological consequences in adulthood, controlling for family environments and Confucian values. Methods The data used in this study were collected from Taipei. The final analysis sample comprised 4,084 participants aged 15–24 years. Three sets of logistic regression models were fitted to verify the association between CSA and negative psychological outcomes. Sociodemographic variables, household instability, and parenting variables, as well as Confucian value variables were controlled in models step by step. The overall prevalence of CSA in our analysis sample was 5.2%. Results The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among Taipei respondents was 11.8%, 16.4%, and 16.7%, respectively, but young people who experienced CSA had significantly higher rates of all three than young adults who had not experienced CSA. After controlling for other covariates, the odds ratios of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation associated with a history of CSA were 1.78 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.25–2.54), 1.77 (95% CI: 1.28–2.44), and 2.56 (95% CI: 1.56–4.29), respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggested that CSA was an independent predictor of negative psychological consequences in adulthood. In our analysis, we controlled for household, parenting, and Confucian culture factors, which provides a better understanding of how they work together to affect adult psychological status.
The temperature dependence of radiation-induced free-radical destruction.

SummaryThe study of the temperature dependence of radiation-induced free-radical destruction in N-acetyl-DL-valine has led to the conclusion that at least two processes are involved. One process is temperature-independent with a rate constant of 0·07 MR−1. The second process has a temperature-dependent rate constant, and kinetic analysis yields an activation energy of 0·71 kcal/mole.
Variable-temperature O-17 NMR study of oxygen motion in the anionic conductor Bi26Mo10O69

Variable-temperature O-17 NMR spectroscopy, spanning a temperature range from -238 to 1000 degrees C, has been used to investigate mechanisms for ionic conduction in Bi26Mo10O69, a material that contains both MoO42- tetrahedra and [Bi12O14](infinity)(8-) columns. Two O-17 NMR resonances are observed that are assigned to oxygen atoms in the MoO42- tetrahedra and in the [Bi12O14](infinity)(8-) columns. On the basis of the nutation curves for the two groups of resonances, extremely rapid, but local, reorientational motion of the MoO42- units occurs at -70 degrees C and above (with a frequency of >50 kHz), whereas the Bi-O oxygen ions are rigid in this temperature regime. This is confirmed by both an analysis of the line broadening of the MoO42- satellite transitions (under MAS) and the spin-lattice relaxation (T-1) times of these sites, the T-1 times indicating that the MoO42- reorientation rates rapidly increase, reaching > 100 MHz at 400 degrees C. Line narrowing of the MoO42- central-transition resonance indicates that exchange between the tetrahedral units, a motion required for long-range anionic conduction, is much slower, involving only jump rates of approximately 1 kHz at 200 degrees C. Both the changes in line width of the MoO42- resonance, and the jump in the T-1 times of the oxygen atoms in the [Bi12O14](infinity)(8-) columns at around the triclinic-monoclinic phase transition temperature (310 degrees C) are consistent with a mechanism for motion involving all the oxygen atoms. The predicted conductivity based on the [Bi-O] T-1 times is now of the order of that extracted from ac impedance measurements reported by Vannier et al. (J. Solid State Chem. 1996, 122, 394). On the basis of this detailed NMR analysis, we propose that motion at ambient temperatures primarily involves the MoO42- tetrahedral rotation: exchange between these sites is very slow. At higher temperatures (above 310 degrees C) the conduction process now appears to involve the oxygen atoms coordinated to Bi3+, in the [Bi12O14](infinity)(8-) columns, and most likely in the partially vacant O[19] site. The involvement of these sites allows for long-range conduction processes that do not involve concerted, multiple Mo-O bond breakages.
Optimum design of power distribution system via clock modulation

This paper presents a method for extracting current excitations, which a microprocessor (/spl mu/P) can present to its power distribution system (PDS) as a function of frequency. The method uses a clock modulation technique to measure the impedance seen by the uP.
Enteric-coated Mycophenolate Sodium (myfortic®): An Overview of Current and Future Use in Transplantation

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) exerts a potent immunosuppressive effect via a number of distinct mechanisms. Use of the mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) formulation is associated with significant efficacy benefits, but gastrointestinal adverse events frequently necessitate dose reductions, interruptions or discontinuation. Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) delays the release of MPA until the small intestine. Pivotal trials in renal transplant patients have demonstrated equivalent efficacy and safety of EC-MPS and MMF. The myfortic® Prospective Multicenter Study (myPROMS) is an international clinical trial of EC-MPS, with 14 subprotocols and 1700 patients, in de novo and maintenance renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporine, with or without corticosteroids. Results from three myPROMS studies have confirmed that maintenance patients can be safely converted from MMF to EC-MPS. Evidence from the US and European myPROMS studies have shown that EC-MPS and cyclosporine provide good efficacy with a favorable safety profile (including gastrointestinal tolerability) regardless of whether higher or lower cyclosporine C2 targets are used. In terms of quality of life, interim results from the Patient Reported Outcomes in renal transplant patients with or without GastroIntestinal Symptoms (PROGIS) study suggest that the conversion of MMF-treated patients with gastrointestinal complaints to EC-MPS may be associated with a significant improvement in gastrointestinal burden, health-related quality of life and psychological well-being. However these data will need to be confirmed in a true controlled trial. Only limited data from clinical trials of EC-MPS in non-renal transplantation are currently available.
GALEX and UV observations.

In his article “Ultraviolet astronomers face loss of vision” (News Focus, 25 June, p. 1899), Govert Schilling makes the important point that we will soon lose our view of the ultraviolet (UV) sky unless we preserve or replace the few existing UV space missions.
Project failures in small companies

The author relates his experiences in a small software development company. These experiences show that project management is challenging and if the project manager is an obstacle, the project is bound to fail. When it does, it can spell disaster for the manager and anyone who accompanies him or her on a software development journey.
Metabolic evolution of non-transgenic Escherichia coli SZ420 for enhanced homoethanol fermentation from xylose

Efficient utilization of pentose sugars (xylose and arabinose) is an essential requirement for economically viable ethanol production from cellulosic biomass. The desirable pentose-fermenting ethanologenic biocatalysts are the native microorganisms or the engineered derivatives without recruited exogenous gene(s). We have used a metabolic evolution (adaptive selection) approach to improve a non-transgenic homoethanol Escherichia coli SZ420 (ldhA pflB ackA frdBC pdhR::pflBp6-aceEF-lpd) for xylose fermentation. An improved mutant, E. coli KC01, was evolved through a 3 month metabolic evolution process. This evolved mutant increased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity by 100%, cell growth rate (h(-1)) by 23%, volumetric ethanol productivity by 65% and ethanol tolerance by 200%. These improvements enabled KC01 to complete 50 g xylose l(-1) fermentations with an ethanol titer of 23 g l(-1) and a yield of 90%. The improved cell growth and ethanol production of KC01 are likely attributed to its three fold increased ethanol tolerance.
Chemical Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Cytosine

The formation of uracil and the breakdown of the pyrimidine ring were observed when an aqueous solution of cytosine was irradiated. These two effects were investigated with the aid of radioactive tracer techniques and ultraviolet absorption studies.
Male menopause, myth or menace?

No discrete event marks a transition to male reproductive senescence; however, a number of investigations have suggested that male fertility and reproductive hormone secretion decrease with age, giving rise to the term male menopause. Nearly all studies of seminiferous tubular function and morphology have found evidence of an age-related deterioration including anatomical lesions, reduced semen quality, elevated serum levels of inhibin, and diminished fertility. The question of altered androgen secretion remains controversial with evidence both for and against age-related reductions in testosterone (T), free T, and/or DHT in multiple investigations. Much of this controversy probably stems from noncompar-able populations, especially with regard to confounding variables such as stress, illness, and medication use. Published findings to date agree that in healthy aging men there is a small but significant increase in basal levels of LH and a diminished T response to exogenous gonadotropin, suggesting an intrinsic loss of Leydig cell reserve. Moreover, there is evidence of a gradual loss of function of the hypodialamic/pituitary gonadotropic axis as well. Despite these changes, healthy aging men appear to maintain normal circulating total and free T and DHT levels, despite modest increases in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and an small downward trend in serum androgens. Whether there are metabolic consequences such as altered body composition, muscle strengdi, and lipid profiles in the portion of the aging male population with larger androgen decrements requires further investigation.
Thermal requirements for egg development of the filbert aphid, Myzocallis coryli (Goetze)

Abstract The response of eggs of the filbert (hazelnut) aphid, Myzocallis coryli (Goetze) to laboratory rearing over a range of constant temperatures was used to determine the lower developmental threshold for post-diapause development. The threshold was estimated to be 3.2 °C by extrapolation of the regression of developmental rate on temperature, a figure confirmed by calculation of the minimum total degree day variation over a range of hypothetical thresholds. Degree day requirements for median eclosion for cohorts of eggs collected at intervals through the winter were used to indicate the approximate date of diapause termination (February 1 in western Oregon), and indicated the need for chilling requirements to be met during diapause development. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen uber die Temperaturvoraussetzungen zur Eientwicklung der Haselnusblattlaus, Myzocallis coryli (Goetze) Es wurden die Reaktionen der Eier der Haselnusblattlaus auf eine Laboraufzucht bei verschiedenen konstanten Temperaturen verwendet, um die untere Entwicklungsschwelle fur die Nachdiapause-Entwicklung zu bestimmen. Diese Schwelle wurde mit Hilfe einer Extrapolation der Regression der Entwicklungsrate sowie einer Kalkulation der kleinsten Tagesgradvariation uber eine Reihe von hypothetischen Temperaturschwellen mit 3,2 °C ermittelt. Die notwendigen Tagesgrade fur das mittlere Schlupfen der in Intervallen wahrend des Winters gesammelten Eier wurden verwendet, um das ungefahre Datum der Diapause-Beendigung (1. Febr. im westlichen Oregon) zu bestimmen. Dabei zeigte sich die Notwendigkeit von Frosttemperaturen wahrend der Diapause-Entwicklung.
Rigid-Plastic Meshfree Method for Metal Forming Simulation

In this paper, material processing simulation is carried out using a meshfree method. With the use of a meshfree method, the domain of the workpiece is discretized by a set of particles without using a structured mesh to avoid mesh distortion difficulties which occurred during the course of large plastic deformation. The proposed meshfree method is formulated for rigid-plastic material. This approach uses the flow formulation based on the assumption that elastic effects are insignificant in the metal forming operation. In the rigid-plastic analysis, the main variable of the problem becomes flow velocity rather than displacement. A numerical example is solved to validate the proposed method.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
A pulsed, low-temperature beam of supersonically cooled free radical OH molecules

An improved system for creating a pulsed, low-temperature molecular beam of hydroxyl radical (OH) radicals has been developed. We use a pulsed discharge to create OH from H2O seeded in Xe during a supersonic expansion, where the high-voltage pulse duration is significantly shorter than the width of the gas pulse. The pulsed discharge allows for control of the mean speed of the molecular packet as well as maintains a low temperature supersonic expansion. A hot filament is placed in the source chamber to initiate the discharge for shorter durations and at lower voltages, resulting in a translationally and rotationally colder packet of OH molecules.
1037 FACTORS DETERMINING THE CELLULAR UPTAKE OF BILIRUBIN

The toxicity of bilirubin is a function of the amount of bilirubin bound to cellular elements and the sensitivity of the cell to a given bilirubin load. We have examined the stoichiometry of cell binding of bilirubin by incubating red blood cells with various concentrations of bilirubin and serum in vitro, measuring the serum unbound bilirubin concentration (UBC) with the peroxidase assay, and extracting the RBC bilirubin with a human serum albumin solution. Results: (1) The partitioning of the total bilirubin pool between serum and cells reached equilibrium within 10 minutes. (2) At equilibrium, the cellular content of bilirubin was a function of the UBC and not the total bilirubin concentration or bilirubin/albumin molar ratio. (3) Albumin binding of bilirubin was not affected by pH. (4) Cellular uptake of bilirubin was greatly influenced by pH. At physiological pH, bilirubin exists predominantly as an anion with only a small fraction present as the bilirubin acid. The increased bilirubin uptake at pH 7.0 vs. pH 7.4 corresponded to the calculated increase in the less soluble protonated bilirubin. Conclusions: Cellular uptake of bilirubin is a function of the concentration of free bilirubin acid. It is probable that the risk for kernicterus (with respect to blood chemistries) can be estimated by measuring the serum UBC and blood pH.
Removing arbitrage from wagering mechanisms

We observe that Lambert et al.'s [2008] family of weighted score wagering mechanisms admit arbitrage: participants can extract a guaranteed positive payoff by betting on any prediction within a certain range. In essence, participants leave free money on the table when they ``agree to disagree,'' and as a result, rewards don't necessarily go to the most informed and accurate participants. This observation suggests that when participants have immutable beliefs, it may be possible to design alternative mechanisms in which the center can make a profit by removing this arbitrage opportunity without sacrificing incentive properties such as individual rationality, incentive compatibility, and sybilproofness. We introduce a new family of wagering mechanisms called no-arbitrage wagering mechanisms that retain many of the positive properties of weighted score wagering mechanisms, but with the arbitrage opportunity removed. We show several structural results about the class of mechanisms that satisfy no-arbitrage in conjunction with other properties, and provide examples of no-arbitrage wagering mechanisms with interesting properties.