cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microwave channelized active filters-a new modular approach to achieving compactness and high selectivity

The new class of microwave active filters being presented offers a convenient way to realize miniature filter circuits with sharp passband-to-stopband transitions. The approach, which lends itself to a broad range of narrowband and wideband filtering applications, involves parallel connections of frequency-selective, unilateral network branches that contain both passive and active subcircuits. Highly selective filtering action derives from controlled interferences among branch signal components. Attributes of the new technique include unconditional circuit stability, tolerance for large passive-circuit-element losses, practicability of narrowband lumped-element configurations, graceful performance degradation with active element parameter changes, and the advantage of module-based procedures for design and implementation. The broad applicability of the new approach is illustrated with three experimental demonstration circuits that employ off-the-shelf MMIC amplifier chips. The circuits comprise a 10-GHz notch filter of one quarter percent bandwidth, a 10-GHz bandpass filter of two percent bandwidth, and a 7.5-GHz lowpass filter.
Geology and Orthodoxy: The Case of Noah's Flood in Eighteenth-Century Thought

The view that religious orthodoxy stifled geological progress has had many distinguished exponents, one of the earliest being Georges Cuvier. To Cuvier, however, efforts to combine Genesis with geology ended before the middle of the eighteenth century, and opened the way not for progress but for wild speculation. We may admire the genius of Leibniz and Buffon, he declared, but this should not lead us to confuse system-building with geology as ‘une science positive’. While Cuvier's younger contemporary, Charles Lyell, agreed that ‘extravagant systems’ had retarded progress, he insisted that ‘scriptural authority’ had had a similar effect until late in the eighteenth century.
Interference alignment at finite SNR: General message sets

Interference alignment has proven to be a powerful tool in characterizing the high SNR behavior of wireless networks. Using this technique, Cadambe and Jafar showed that the sum degrees-of-freedom for the K-user interference channel is K/2 rather than 1 as was originally expected. In recent work, we showed that these gains are not limited to the high SNR regime. In fact, for the interference channel, each user can achieve at least half its interference-free capacity at any SNR. The key to this result was a new achievability technique called ergodic interference alignment. In this paper, we extend this technique to include more general message sets. Specifically, we consider the multicast case where each transmitter has a message destined for more than one receiver. We also look at the X channel configuration for 2 receivers where each transmitter has an independent message for each receiver.
Salvage of infected craniotomy bone flaps with the wash-in, wash-out indwelling antibiotic irrigation system : Technical note and case series of 12 patients

Object When complicated by infection, craniotomy bone flaps are commonly removed, discarded, and delayed cranioplasty is performed. This treatment paradigm is costly, carries the risks associated with additional surgery, and may cause cosmetic deformities. The authors present their experience with an indwelling antibiotic irrigation system used for the sterilization and salvage of infected bone flaps as an alternative to their removal and replacement. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records for 12 patients with bone flap infections following craniotomy who received treatment with the wash-in, wash-out indwelling antibiotic irrigation system. Infected flaps were removed and scrubbed with povidone–iodine solution and soaked in 1.5% hydrogen peroxide while the wound was debrided. The bone flaps were returned to the skull and the irrigation system was installed. Antibiotic medication was infused through the system for a mean of 5 days. Intravenous antibiotic therapy was continued for ...
Multi-Class Flow Aggregation for IPTV Content Delivery in IP Over Optical Core Networks

It is widely believed that IPTV will be one of the major applications in future IP networks and that IP over optical networks will be a major component of the next generation Internet. However, it is not efficient to map a single multicast IPTV flow into one light tree because the required bandwidth of an IPTV flow is usually much less than the capacity of a light-tree. Furthermore, pay-per-view or secure flows should be sent only to authorized users. In this paper, we study the problem of multi-class multicast flow aggregation with the constraint that secure programs are sent to authorized nodes. We first describe the problem and prove it to be NP-complete. We then formulate an integer linear program (ILP) and give results for small scale problems. Heuristic algorithms are presented, and results show that our heuristics achieve good results in both small and large scale problems. Also simulations show that the ratio of secure programs over total programs has great impact on the final aggregation results.
Laparoendoscopic single-site repair of retrocaval ureter: first case report.

OBJECTIVE We describe a case of retrocaval ureter treated with laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS). METHODS A 26-year-old female was referred to our institution with a history of intermittent right-sided flank pain. Radiological imaging demonstrated hydronephrosis, suggesting the presence of a retrocaval ureter. A LESS repair was planned. RESULTS Retrograde pyelogram confirmed a classic appearance for retrocaval ureter. A ureteral stent was positioned. The patient was placed in modified flank position. A 2-cm, completely concealed umbilical access was created, through which a single port access platform was positioned. An in-line endoscope was used for visualization. Articulating instruments were used during initial dissection. The entire ureter was mobilized posterior to the vena cava and transected at the caudal-most point where the dilated portion of the proximal ureter ended. The distal ureter was repositioned lateral to the inferior vena cava and spatulated laterally. The proximal ureter was spatulated medially. Two 4-0 Vicryl sutures were used for the ureteroureteral anastomosis. A separate 2-mm grasper placed in the right lower quadrant was used to assist with suture reconstruction. A drain was left through the umbilicus. Blood loss was minimal. Total operative time was 3 hours. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 2. At the 3-month follow-up, diuretic radionuclide scan revealed no evidence of obstruction of the right kidney and the patient was symptom-free. CONCLUSIONS Albeit challenging, LESS repair for retrocaval ureter is a feasible procedure that can be considered as a treatment option for this rare anatomic anomaly.
LANDSCAPE PROPORTIONS VERSUS MONTE CARLO SIMULATED HOME RANGES FOR ESTIMATING HABITAT AVAILABILITY

Abstract Wildlife researchers often test whether animals use resources disproportionately relative to availability (i.e., selectively). However, the traditional estimate of availability at the landscape scale (resource proportions on the landscape) may be inaccurate and lead to false conclusions. We calculated the chance of falsely finding selection (type I error rate) when the traditional estimate of availability is used. True availability was estimated by Monte Carlo simulations with randomly located home ranges and compared to the traditional estimate to calculate type I error rates. Tests were conducted with α = 0.05 for different home-range sizes (1 to 1,000 km2) and 4 habitat patterns. Landscape proportions did not equal proportions of habitats in random home ranges (traditional estimate ≠ true availability). Type I error rates were ≥ 0.24 and increased with number of animals tested and decreased with home-range size and number of habitats. Therefore, researchers should use randomly located home ran...
Estimating the Demand for Seniors Housing and Home Health Care

Executive Summary. Recently released government data on nursing homes, board and care and home health care show that long-term care use after age 65 varies significantly by state. This study found that the use of care in a state is highly correlated with one particular variable: a state's population over age 85 (R = .96). In general, the model provides a good fit for the state data. However, New York uses more care while California and Florida use less care than predicted.
Detecting and tracking disease outbreaks by mining social media data

The emergence and ubiquity of online social networks have enriched web data with evolving interactions and communities both at mega-scale and in real-time. This data offers an unprecedented opportunity for studying the interaction between society and disease outbreaks. The challenge we describe in this data paper is how to extract and leverage epidemic outbreak insights from massive amounts of social media data and how this exercise can benefit medical professionals, patients, and policymakers alike. We attempt to prepare the research community for this challenge with four datasets. Publishing the four datasets will commoditize the data infrastructure to allow a higher and more efficient focal point for the research community.
Cyclooxygenase activity in gastrointestinal cancer development and progression: prospects as a therapeutic target

Gastrointestinal malignancies are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The Global Burden of Disease study estimated that in 1990 cancers of the gastrointestinal tract were responsible for more than 40% of all cancer deaths, nearly 2.2 million people [1, 2]. Interestingly, the incidence of these cancers can vary considerably between regions. This is most likely due to a variety of factors including environmental exposures, diet, social habits, and genetic backgrounds. Given the enormity of the problem, it has been the focus of intense research for many years. A great deal has been learned about the mechanisms governing the development and progression of human cancers. Research over the last decade has established that the progression from normal tissue to neoplasia is in every case a stepwise process [3-5]. Genetic and epigenetic instability appears fundamentally important to this process.
Thermographic eye tracking

Far infrared thermography, which can be used to detect thermal radiation emitted by humans, has been used to detect physical disease, physiological changes relating to emotion, and polygraph testing, but has not been used for eye tracking. However, because the surface temperature of the cornea is colder than the limbus, it is theoretically possible to track corneal movements through thermal imaging. To explore the feasibility of thermal eye tracking, we invited 10 adults and tracked their corneal movements with passive thermal imaging at 60 Hz. We combined shape models of eyes with intensity threshold to segment the cornea from other parts of the eye in thermal images. We used an animation sequence as a calibration target for 5 point calibration/validation 5 times. Our results were compared to simultaneously collected data using an SR EyeLink eye tracker at 500 Hz, demonstrating the feasibility of eye tracking with thermal images. Blinking and breathing frequencies, which reflect the psychophysical status of the participants, were also robustly detected during thermal eye tracking.
Ionic alterations associated with resuscitation of the isolated rabbit heart.

SummaryConcentrations of calcium, potassium, sodium, chloride and water have been determined following complete cardiac arrest and after cardiac resuscitation in isolated rabbit hearts. Following 2 hours of arrest both calcium and potassium were decreased significantly whereas water and sodium levels were not altered. After resuscitation following 2 hours of arrest additional potassium was lost; calcium, sodium and water content were increased significantly above control values.
Glutamate Dehydrogenase and a Proposed Glutamate-Aspartate Pathway for Citrate Synthesis in Rat Ventral Prostate

AbstractGlutamate dehydrogenase activity was determined in mitochondrial preparations from rat ventral prostate and rat kidney. Kinetic parameters of the ventral prostate enzyme were comparable to those for the kidney enzyme. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the direction of glutamate oxidative deamination was inhibited by α-ketoglutarate. However, the characteristics of α-ketoglutarate inhibition indicated that glutamate oxidation via glutamate dehydrogenase can occur at in vivo prostatic α-ketoglutarate levels. These results suggest that glutamate dehydrogenase activity in prostate may provide a continuous source of α-ketoglutarate for aspartate transamination to oxalacetate and ultimate citrate synthesis. In addition prostate mitochondria are able to couple the glutamic dehydrogenase reaction to aspartate aminotransferase. Under these conditions aspartate in the presence of glutamate and acetyl coenzyme A will result in a net synthesis of citrate. Consequently we propose an aspartate-glutamate pathw...
Medical and surgical management of parkinsonism.

The incidence of parkinsonism has increased over 500 per cent since 1918. The disease is a neurologic residual of encephalitis, characterized by tremors of the extremities and head, slow speech, toe-foot gait and sweating. Chemotherapy is very disappointing. Patients were shown following operation. Sixty-five per cent of more than 600 patients have been rehabilitated. Six patients were presented at this diagnostic clinic.
Cyclosporine: Progress, Problems, and Perspectives

Cyclosporine, a hydrophobic fungal derivative, has enhanced the success and expanded the scope of clinical transplantation. Although the drug is a potent immunosuppressant that selectively inhibits T-Iymphocyte activation, its unpredictable bioavailability requires close drug level monitoring during induction of therapy. Current investigations focus upon minimizing drug toxicity and analyzing host responses to cyclosporine therapy
Science yield modeling with the Exoplanet Open-Source Imaging Mission Simulator (EXOSIMS)

We report on our ongoing development of EXOSIMS and mission simulation results for WFIRST. We present the interface control and the modular structure of the software, along with corresponding prototypes and class definitions for some of the software modules. More specifically, we focus on describing the main steps of our high-fidelity mission simulator EXOSIMS, i.e., the completeness, optical system and zodiacal light modules definition, the target list module filtering, and the creation of a planet population within our simulated universe module. For the latter, we introduce the integration of a recent mass-radius model from the FORECASTER software. We also provide custom modules dedicated to WFIRST using both the Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph (HLC) and the Shaped Pupil Coronagraph (SPC) for detection and characterization, respectively. In that context, we show and discuss the results of some preliminary WFIRST simulations, focusing on comparing different methods of integration time calculation, through ensembles (large numbers) of survey simulations.
Macbeth : The Feverous Earth

‘Fair is foul, and foul is fair,’ chant in chorus the three witches in the first scene of Macbeth. In the second scene, a wounded, bleeding captain appears before King Duncan to report the glorious deeds in battle of the ‘brave Macbeth’ and employs a striking metaphor of a thunderstorm that follows a bright sunrise to describe how fortune in battle can swing from early advantage to near catastrophe — As whence the sun ‘gins his reflection Shipwracking storms and direful thunders break — words that vividly objectify the abstract concept of the fair/foul duality. In the third scene, Macbeth enters with Banquo. His first words in the play, spoken as he comes to the stage, are So foul and fair a day I have not seen.
The thrifty barrier: energy-aware synchronization in shared-memory multiprocessors

Much research has been devoted to making microprocessors energy-efficient. However, little attention has been paid to multiprocessor environments where, due to the cooperative nature of the computation, the most energy-efficient execution in each processor may not translate into the most energy-efficient overall execution. We present the thrifty barrier, a hardware-software approach to saving energy in parallel applications that exhibit barrier synchronization imbalance. Threads that arrive early to a thrifty barrier pick among existing low-power processor sleep states based on predicted barrier stall time and other factors. We leverage the coherence protocol and propose small hardware extensions to achieve timely wake-up of these dormant threads, maximizing energy savings while minimizing the impact on performance.
A linear optimal filtering approach for pileup noise removal in high-rate liquid ionization calorimeters

This paper extends the linear optimal filtering (LOF) technique to the treatment of pileup noise in high-rate liquid ionization calorimeters. A two-tuple pileup case is formulated by evaluating the χ2 function defined over a set of signal samples. A first-order (linear) approximation applied to the result readily leads to the discovery of four linear FIR filters that are capable of continuous operation and amenable to hardware realization. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to validate the proposed approach using parameters extracted from the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter readout system. The LOF yields accurate estimation of the pulse amplitude and arrival time in presence of signal pileup. A parallel as well as an iterative configuration of the LOF are discussed and contrasted in terms of hardware efficiency and execution speed.
Screen and you shall find

One of the most significant public health advances of the past 50 years has been newborn screening, which enables early diagnosis of treatable diseases, such as phenylketonuria or sickle cell anemia, before affected infants suffer irreversible injury or death. A recently implemented newborn screening test detects T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs), small segments of DNA excised during T cell receptor rearrangement in T cell development. Newborns without TRECs in their peripheral blood likely have severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID); with early identification, they can undergo lifesaving hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) to prevent death from overwhelming infection in the first months of life. Punwani and colleagues report an infant with a novel SCID-causing mutation identified through newborn screening. Puzzlingly, this patient also had craniofacial malformations, severe neurological impairment, and abnormal skin, which are typically not seen in SCID. Using whole-exome sequencing, the researchers identified a candidate point mutation in one of the baby’s BCL11B alleles known to be important for lymphocyte development. The research team introduced the point mutation into zebrafish embryos, recapitulating the lymphocyte deficiencies, craniofacial malformations, and neuronal migration abnormalities. They found that the mutated BCL11B protein had a dominant negative effect on transcription of genes important for T cell development, yet it induced transcription of another gene potentially related to the cranial and brain malformations. While the wild-type protein rescued a bcl11b knockdown zebrafish, the mutated protein did not rescue the knockdown phenotype. As for the patient, HSCT cured his immunodeficiency, but his malformations and neurological disease persist. This child’s diagnosis depended on three components: newborn screening for a rare disease, astute clinicians who recognized the unusual features of this case, and access to powerful scientific tools that identified and characterized this novel mutation. In turn, the diagnosis led to a greater understanding of the mutated gene’s function. With newborn screening expansion and ready availability of whole-exome sequencing for unusual clinical phenotypes, we can expect more such discoveries in the future. D. Punwani et al. , Multisystem anomalies in severe combined immunodeficiency with mutant BCL11B . N. Engl. J. Med. 10.1056/NEJMoa1509164 (2016). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1509164
Review of Philip A. Cunningham et al. (eds.), 2011, Christ Jesus and the Jewish People Today.

The book being reviewed revists the history of misunderstandings between Christians and Jews and analyzes the phenomenon of Christian anti-Semitism in the light of the experience with the Holocaust. The reviewer suggests that such open and frank discussion could provide a model for Christian-Muslim dialogue.
Wildlife Damage Management in the Urban Landscape

Wildlife damage management is a growing field within the wildlife profession and uses science to guide management to reduce or eliminate problems created by wildlife. Wildlife damage occurs in all types of habitats and with a variety of species. However, because human and wildlife populations inhabit the same spaces in urban areas, and the urban landscape is novel compared to the environments in which animals evolved, managing wildlife damage in urban environments poses unique challenges.
Fault Detection Using Set-Membership Identification

Abstract In this paper, two novel approaches for detection of faults in dynamical systems are presented. Both approaches are based on set-membership identification, a system identification strategy which seeks to identify a set of parameters rather than a single point estimate. The optimal volume ellipsoid algorithm (OVE) and the OVE algorithm for time-varying systems (OVETV) will be utilized for set-membership identification. The first detection strategy uses a consistency check which is integral to the OVE and OVETV algorithms. The second approach combines an ellipsoid intersection test with the OVETV algorithm.
Spatially and spectrally flexible lightpath scheduling

Optical wavelength-routed networks enable parallel transmission of massive datasets on non-overlapping wavelength channels. However, as the sizes of scientific workflows increase, the simple availability of multi-wavelength resources will fall short of supporting application needs. Rather, these resources must be allocated intelligently, efficiently, and flexibly to bear the burden of high-volume science. We propose time-slotted wavelength-switching to support modifying the wavelength that carries a lightpath throughout its lifetime, exposing flexible consumption of available resources during the request schedule. We explore the efficacy of wavelength-switching in combination with adaptive path selection flexibility and attempt to approach previously determined optimality benchmarks. Results from quantitative evaluations show tremendous savings opportunity via wavelength-switching support, and indicate that efficient invocation of spectral flexibility in this manner may even be more impactful than spatial flexibility on network-wide performance.
Prevalence and Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Uttarakhand

Background: Woman with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk of developing Metabolic syndrome (MS). MS is a clustering of factors known to increase the risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Aim of this present study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of MS in PCOS women of Uttarakhand. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in department of Obtstetrics & Gynecology, SHRU from May 2016 till May 2017. A total of 200 women, diagnosed with PCOS between the ages of 15-40years were involved (by Rotterdam’s criteria). Clinical and biochemical parameters for MS, were defined by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Statistical analysis were performed with descriptive analytical methods using SPSS software version 16. Results: The prevalence of MS in PCOS was 22 (44 cases). The rate of central obesity, FBS more than 110mg/dl, triglycerides more than 150mg/dl, high density lipoproteins cholesterol levels (HDL-C) less than 50mg/dl and blood pressure ≥130/85mmHg in PCOS women were 30 (60), 3.5 (7), 34 (68), 70 (140) and 11 (22), respectively. PCOS has evolved as a risk factor for endocrinal and metabolic derangements. Conclusions: Special strategies are required to prevent MS and its associated complications in PCOS women.
BJPsych Open editorial transition: opportunity, challenge and vision.

BJPsych Open enters its fourth year with a transition in leadership and a new Editor-in-Chief (EIC). This editorial summarises the Journal's metrics through its first 36 months, provides insights into the Journal's history and growth, and shares the aspirations of the new EIC for BJPsych Open.Declaration of interestK.R.K. is Editor-in-Chief of BJPsych Open; he took no part in the peer-review of this work.
Accurate photonic waveguide characterization using an arrayed waveguide structure

Measurement uncertainties in the techniques used to characterize loss in photonic waveguides becomes a significant issue as waveguide loss is reduced through improved fabrication technology. Typical loss measurement techniques involve environmentally unknown parameters such as facet reflectivity or varying coupling efficiencies, which directly contribute to the uncertainty of the measurement. We present a loss measurement technique, which takes advantage of the differential loss between multiple paths in an arrayed waveguide structure, in which we are able to gather statistics on propagation loss from several waveguides in a single measurement. This arrayed waveguide structure is characterized using a swept-wavelength interferometer, enabling the analysis of the arrayed waveguide transmission as a function of group delay between waveguides. Loss extraction is only dependent on the differential path length between arrayed waveguides and is therefore extracted independently from on and off-chip coupling efficiencies, which proves to be an accurate and reliable method of loss characterization. This method is applied to characterize the loss of the silicon photonic platform at Sandia Labs with an uncertainty of less than 0.06 dB/cm.
The effects of superovulation on Brucella abortus infection in the bovine uterus.

Abstract Uterine flushings were collected three times at predetermined intervals from 11 mixed-breed beef cows and cultured for Brucella abortus . Prior to sampling, all cows had aborted fetuses from which brucellae had been isolated. Initial collections were made between 21 and 34 days following abortion. The second flushing was conducted at the onset of injections used for inducing superovulation and the third flushing was conducted 6 to 8 days after the ensuing estrus. The latter two flushes were conducted between 60 and 120 days following abortion. Brucellae were isolated from uterine flushings collected from 6 of the 11 cows on the initial round of sampling. Cultures of all subsequent uterine flushings collected before and after injections for superovulation were negative. It was concluded that the superovulatory treatment is not likely to reactivate the release of brucellae into the uterine lumen during the period when embryos are normally collected.
Sweetgrass Horticulture: Environmental Considerations

Sweetgrass can be found in very narrow bands of a few 100 feet along the coast from the Outer Banks of North Carolina, through the Southeast States into the Gulf of Mexico States all the way to the southern tip of Texas (Fig. 14.1). Distribution information was extracted from herbaria, and it is expected that sweetgrass continues south through the coast of Mexico.
Multiple Access and Location Performance of the Tiros-N Data Collection System

The TIROS-N satellite series consists of 8 environmental spacecraft that will be operational in pairs during the time period 1978 to 1985 or beyond.
Turnover of Photoreceptor Membrane in the Larval Mosquito Ocellus: Rhabdomeric Coated Vesicles and Organelles of the Vacuolar System

We have presented evidence in previous papers showing that the degradation and renewal of photoreceptor membrane in larval mosquito ocelli is regulated by light. Mosquito rhabdomeres grow larger in darkness and smaller in light as the amount of membrane increases and decreases. The kinetics of rhabdomere growth and diminution indicate that these changes arise from variations in the rate of membrane turnover (1).
Urban Spaces and Bodies

In vivid and graphic detail, Oware describes the large structural changes in urban areas across the United States leading to the birth of hip hop culture in New York. Deindustrialization, urban renewal programs, and the criminalization of poor and working-class minorities intensifies in the late 1960s and 1970s. Oware contends that these factors negatively impact residents, hollowing out communities through middle-class flight, the relocation of manufacturing jobs to overseas countries, and the targeting of poor people of color by politicians and law enforcement. Referencing key studies and scholars, Oware details the deleterious effects on inner-city residents in the Bronx and Los Angeles. Yet, out of this despair, drawing on their creativity, residents create hip hop and rap music.
Clinical Outcome of Patients With Inducible Capillary Blood Flow Abnormalities During Demand Stress in the Presence or Absence of Angiographic Coronary Disease

Background: Our aim was to determine the cardiovascular outcome of patients with capillary blood flow (CBF) abnormalities detected during demand stress in the absence of obstructive coronary artery...
Milton’s Socratic Rationalism

Although much has been written on intertextual influences and allusions within the work of Milton, Milton’s Socratic Rationalism by David Oliver Davies develops a unique and innovative line of inqu...
John of Glogów

John of Glogow taught at Krakow from 1468 until his death. He wrote on grammar, logic, medicine and especially astronomy, including a commentary on Johannes de Sacrobosco’s Sphaera (1506). An unusual feature of his Sacrobosco commentary is the extended use of the three-dimensional orb models popularized in Peuerbach’s Theoricae novae planetarum (Nuremberg 1474) and also used by Glogow’s colleague Albert of Brudzewo. To situate Glogow’s work, I describe the development of celestial orbs in astronomy by Islamicate followers of Ptolemy and their European reception. Early modern Europeans debated the physical reality of eccentrics, epicycles, and the corresponding orbs with the followers of Averroes. After reviewing Glogow’s criticisms of Sacrobosco, I conclude that he clearly sides with Ptolemy, Peuerbach and Brudzewo against Averroes. His work shows that astronomers after Peuerbach attributed physical reality to their theories, and claimed increasing autonomy for mathematical sciences against physics.
SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY WITH CENTRIFUGAL FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE

Pregnancy is contraindicated in patients with Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD). A 24 year old female with history of substance abuse and LVAD implantation presented to the ER with chest pain. Urine pregnancy test was positive and obstetric ultrasound confirmed pregnancy with gestational age (
The Ideology of Al Muhajiroun

The ideology of al Muhajiroun has changed over the years. Its origins began with Ash’ari and Maturidi beliefs but beginning in 1999, Omar Bakri Mohammed (OBM) began to adopt a Jihadi Salafist orientation that largely mirrored al Qaeda beliefs. The reasons for that are numerous but clearly OBM wanted to be on what he considered to be the winning team. The discussion first provides some historical context on Ash’ari and Maturidi beliefs and then goes into substantial detail explaining OBM’s Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jammah (ASWJ) ideology. The information is based on first hand interviews with OBM and his description of exactly what his beliefs are and how he came to those beliefs. One of the main staples of al Muhajiroun and ASWJ ideology is that a Covenant of Security exists between Muslims and non-Muslims in Britain. The covenant prohibits violent confrontation and its origins and practical aspects are explained in detail.
Abstract WP310: PRIMED Preclinical Evidence Scoring Tool to Assess Readiness for Translation of Neuroprotection Therapies

Introduction: Multiple neuroprotective therapies (NPT’s) for treatment of acute ischemic stroke have failed in translation to human studies, indicating a need for more rigorous quality assessment o...
3 – Boolean Algebra

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews Boolean algebra, certain fundamentals, including a comparison of ordinary algebra and Boolean algebra, procedures for simplifying Boolean algebraic equations, and the basis for representing switching functions in binary computers by Boolean algebraic equations. The subject of Boolean algebra has important application in the design of systems composed of storage elements capable of assuming a discrete number of stable states and switching devices that trigger these elements from one stable state to another. An electronic digital computer is such a system. If the two assigned values of a Boolean algebraic variable are interpreted as representing the numerical values of the binary number system, namely 0 and 1, then the three operators are analogous to addition, multiplication, and complementation, respectively, of binary elements. There is an exception to the analogy in that the result of the OR (Boolean addition) operation on two or more 1s produces 1 as a result. The inclusive or operation of Boolean algebra is designated literally by OR and in equations by the symbol +. The and operation of Boolean algebra is designated literally by AND and in equations by placing the variables so to be operated upon adjacent to one another. The complementation or negation operation of Boolean algebra is designated literally by NOT and in equations by placing a bar over the variable or variables so to be operated upon. The commutative, associative, and distributive laws of number algebra apply to Boolean algebra.
CHAPTER 107 – Protein Serine/Threonine-Phosphatase 2C (PP2C)

In early biochemical studies of protein phosphatase activities in mammalian tissues, protein serine/threonine-phosphatase 2C (PP2C) was defined as a Mg 2+ - or Mn 2+ -dependent serine/threonine-specific activity that is insensitive to a phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid. Subsequent isolation of PP2C genes from yeast to humans demonstrated that PP2C is an evolutionarily conserved phosphatase family that shares no apparent similarity in amino acid sequence with other phosphatase families. However, the crystal structure of the PP2C catalytic core shows significant resemblance to those of other serine/threonine phosphatases, such as PP1. PP2C functions as a monomer, and no regulatory subunit has been reported. Eukaryotic organisms appear to have multiple PP2C genes; even the simplest eukaryotes, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, have five PP2C genes in their genomes. In humans, there are at least four isoforms of the PP2C phosphatase: a, p, y, and 5. Several genes encoding PP2C-like phosphatases have also been found in the genomes of other organisms such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Arabidopsis thaliana, the most popular plant model system, has more than 30 PP2C genes in its genome. Intriguingly, several Mg^"^-dependent phosphatases in prokaryotes also possess clear sequence similarities with eukaryotic PP2C enzymes. PP2Cs and related protein phosphatases are implicated in numerous biological processes in different organisms. In this chapter, we will review various signal transduction mechanisms from bacteria to mammals for which the molecular functions of PP2C enzymes have been relatively well elucidated.
Sex Disparities in the Use and Outcomes of Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support for Acute Myocardial Infarction-Cardiogenic Shock.

Abstract Background There are limited sex-specific data on patients receiving temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for acute myocardial infarction-cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS). Methods All admissions with AMI-CS with MCS use were identified using the National Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2016. Outcomes of interest included in-hospital mortality, discharge disposition, use of palliative care and do-not-resuscitate (DNR) status, and receipt of durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and cardiac transplantation. Results In AMI-CS admissions during this 12-year period, MCS was used more frequently in men—50.4% vs 39.5%; P 0.05). Women had higher use of palliative care, DNR status, and discharges to skilled nursing facilities. Conclusions There are persistent sex disparities in the outcomes of AMI-CS admissions receiving MCS support. Women have higher in-hospital mortality, palliative care consultation, and use of DNR status.
US War with Iran: A Narrowly Avoided Public Health Crisis and a Continuing Risk

The protracted conflict in Yemen-a civil war fought by proxies of Iran on one side and Saudi Arabia and the United States on the other-has ravaged the health care sector and facilitated the worst cholera outbreak on record, with more than 1 2 million people infected 2 Public health experts believe that destruction of infrastructure vital for health care delivery, such as the nation's largest seaport-an important gateway for the delivery of medical supplies and water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure-as well as security concerns related to ongoing violence, allowed this vaccinepreventable disease to rapidly propagate through the affected population The war, which started in 2011 as an outgrowth of the Arab Spring, marked a reversal of this trajectory 3 Perhaps most detrimental to public health in Syria are deliberate attacks on health care workers and facilities, which have been well documented since 2011 and are unprecedented in terms of scale 4 The United Nations and nongovernmental advocacy groups have documented and spoken out about the direct targeting of medical personnel, which amounts to war crimes under international law 4 Not only have these attacks limited the number of health care workers willing or able to address the health care needs ofthe besieged population, but they have created a powerful deterrent, preventing civilians from seeking care for fear of being caught in an assault- which is, perhaps, the intended goal The First Gulf War, along with crippling sanctions imposed by the United States, negatively affected Iraq's health care infrastructure, an effect that intensified during and after the 2003 US invasion 5 According to interviews with Iraqi refugee doctors, the war resulted in a substantial decline in health care services 5 In fact, four vaccinepreventable disease outbreaks- measles in 2009, mumps in 2004 and 2016, and rubella in 2004- occurred in the postinvasion period 6 Outbreaks such as these remind us that the lingering effects of conflict can last years or even decades after the declared war ends
Interface Stability of LiCl-rich Argyrodite Li6PS5Cl with Propylene Carbonate Boosts High-Performance Lithium Batteries

Abstract In solid-state lithium (Li)-metal batteries (SSLMBs), sulfide-based Li-ion conductors represent one of the most popular solid electrolytes (SEs). However, the development of sulfide-based SSLMBs is significantly hampered by interfacial issues including large solid-solid contact resistance and serious side reactions at the SE/electrode interface. To address these issues, here, we demonstrated a simple and efficient strategy by using LiCl-rich argyrodite Li6PS5Cl (Li6PS5Cl-LiCl) SE and trace amount of propylene carbonate (PC) at the SE/electrode interface to facilitate the formation of stable and robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The formed SEI not only serves as a buffer layer to passivate the interfacial reactions and suppress Li dendrite growth, but also acts as a bridge for Li-ion conduction to reduce the contact resistance. As a result, the Li||Li symmetric cell exhibited long-term electrochemical cycling stability over 1000 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the assembled Li||Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) batteries delivered a specific capacity of 175 mAh g–1 at 0.2 C, and remained an excellent specific capacity of 116 mAh g–1 after 200 cycles at a high current rate of 1 C. These features indicate a feasible strategy to enhance the interfacial property of high-performance SSLMBs.
Tabooing Talks on Race and Racism in Schools

At the outset, it is worth explaining, through testimonios, what and who inspired me to write this book, and, most importantly, what it aims to contribute to eradicating racism in schools in particular and society at large. I am deeply inspired to write this book by my past experiences teaching in a racially and socio-economically marginalized and underfunded High School serving Black and Brown students. This high school was, and still is, located in Dorchester-a racially and socioeconomically segregated neighborhood located in Massachusetts. Dorchester was, and still is, a working class place predominantly occupied by Black and Latinx people. From what I recall, affluent White neighborhoods in Dorchester, like Adams Village, Neponset, Port Norfolk, were separated from where the Blacks, made of African Americans and Caribbean immigrants, lived and, possibly, still live.
Vitamin D analyses in veterinary feeds by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

This report examines the feasibility of determination of Vitamin D3, D2 and their 25-hydroxy metabolites utilizing Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) as a potential alternative ...
The role of digital health technologies in COVID-19 surveillance and recovery: a specific case of long haulers.

Digital health and technologies are essential to curbing the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic especially with shelter-in-place and social distancing orders. Epidemiologists and public health officials are tapping into frequently used technologies like wearables, digital devices, digital and social media data to detect and validate COVID-19 symptoms throughout the pandemic, especially during early stages when symptoms were evolving. In this article, we review how digital technologies and social media platforms can identify and inform our understanding of COVID-19 pandemic surveillance and recovery efforts. We analyze Reddit narrative posts and comments on r/covidlonghaulers to demonstrate how social media can be used to better understand COVID-19 pandemic. Using Reddit data, we highlight long haulers' patient journeys and shed light on potential consequences of their condition. We identified 21 themes, of which the following were significantly associated with valence: COVID-19 Symptoms (r = -0.037), medical advice (r = -0.030), medical system (r = -0.029), bodily processes (r = -0.020), questions (r = 0.024), physical activity (r = 0.033), self-differentials and negations (r = 0.040) and supplements (r = 0.025). Our brief literature review and analysis of r/covidlonghaulers narrative posts demonstrate the value of digital technologies and social media platforms as they act as modern avenues for public health, safety, and well-being.
Family Caregiving and the Law of Succession: A Proposal (Symposium: The Uniform Probate Code: Remaking American Succession Law)

As the American population ages, the need for long-term care, already great, will become even greater. Some of this care is paid for by government programs, such as Medicaid, and by individual long-term care insurance policies. But the combination of the public fisc and private insurance are, and will continue to be, insufficient to pay for all of the care our seniors and adults with disabilities need. The provision of care in a family residence by one or more family members is an important component of our health care delivery system and must be supported and encouraged by public policy and law. As experts in the law of estate planning and health care, respectively, we address in this Article the following question: How might the American law of succession realistically recognize, support, and promote family caregiving? Our answer is a pragmatic proposal that can be adopted into the Uniform Probate Code (UPC). We propose a modified elective share for a family member who has provided the decedent with substantial uncompensated care in a family residence. (In this context, “family member” excludes the decedent’s surviving spouse, because the UPC already provides a spousal share.) Our approach contrasts with the prevailing law in the U.S., which treats personal services rendered by family members as gratuitous, hence not compensable. The scope and amount of the caregiver’s elective share can be structured by way of analogy to the surviving spouse’s elective share, though with important differences, as we discuss herein.
Fluctuation and Localization Effects in Quasi-One-Dimensional Metallic Structures

In recent years the understanding of electron transport in metallic systems with random impurities has advanced dramatically. Since the original predictions of one-dimensional (1D) localization by THOULESS [1], localization theory has been developed more formally, and has been justified by microscopic calculations [2]. Some of the predictions for two-dimensional (2D) systems have been verified by experiments on metal films or MOSFETs [3]. Many experiments in recent years have attempted to verify the ID predictions by Thouless; however, despite significant experimental effort, there has not been a clear verification of the predictions for ID metallic wires. In the earliest experiments [4,5], it appeared that the results could be interpreted in terms of ID localization theory. However, very large inelastic scattering rates, much larger than usual electron-phonon rates, were required. These large inelastic scattering rates remain unexplained. In subsequent experiments [6–8] ID localization effects appeared to be absent. Thus, significant issues on electron transport in ID systems remained open—as to whether real one-dimensional systems differ subtly (but critically) from the model understood by theory, and whether new pathways for electron energy loss (inelastic scattering) occur in such lower-dimensional metals.
Methamphetamine neurotoxicity decreases phasic, but not tonic, dopaminergic signaling in the rat striatum

Neurotoxic doses of methamphetamine (METH) are known to cause depletions in striatal dopamine (DA) tissue content. However, the effects of METH-induced insults on dopaminergic neurotransmission are not fully understood. Here, we employed fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at a carbon-fiber microelectrode in the anesthetized rat striatum to assess the effects of a neurotoxic regimen of METH on phasic and tonic modes of dopaminergic signaling and underlying mechanisms of DA release and uptake. Extracellular DA was electrically evoked by stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle mimicking tonic and phasic firing patterns for dopaminergic cells and was monitored simultaneously in both the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum. Kinetic analysis of evoked recordings determined parameters describing DA release and uptake. Striatal DA tissue content was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. METH-pretreatment (four doses of 7.5 or 10.0 mg/kg s.c.) induced DA depletions of ~40% on average, which are reported in both striatal subregions. METH pretreatment significantly decreased the amplitude of signals evoked by phasic, but not tonic, stimulation. Parameters for DA release and uptake were also similarly reduced by ~40%, consistent with effects on evoked phasic-like responses and DA tissue content. Taken together, these results suggest that METH-pretreatment selectively diminishes phasic, but not tonic, dopaminergic signaling in the dorsal striatum.