cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
There are no morphologic abnormalities of the gastric wall or abdominal vagus in patients with diabetic gastroparesis

Because there is evidence for vagal autonomic neuropathy as the cause of diabetic gastroparesis, we hypothesized that this disorder should be associated with morphologic abnormalities of the abdominal vagus nerve or gastric myenteric plexus, or both. We studied the smooth muscle and myenteric plexus of the stomach in 18 nondiabetic controls and 16 patients with long-standing diabetes. Five of the diabetics had gastroparesis and 11 did not. We utilized conventional histology and Smith's silver technique for visualizing the myenteric plexus. Neurons within the myenteric plexus were quantified in sections stained with each technique. The abdominal vagus nerves from 5 diabetics (2 with gastroparesis) and 12 nondiabetic controls were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Gomori trichrome, luxol-fast blue, and Holmes' silver stains. There were no abnormalities in the numbers or appearance of neurons or axons in the myenteric plexus of the stomach of diabetics, with or without gastroparesis. Also absent were abnormalities of the smooth muscle or vagus nerve. Thus, no morphologic abnormalities of the gastric wall or abdominal vagus were identified in diabetic gastroparesis.
Tetracyclines and permanent teeth: the relation between dose and tooth color.

A quantitative estimation of the darkening effect of tetracyclines on permanent incisors was made by correlating tooth colors with the recorded history of tetracycline exposure in 160 children under our care since infancy. The average darkening caused by one 6-day course of oral tetracycline or demethylchlortetracycline during the years of permanent incisor formation was 0.3 of a shade on a 14 shade dental scale. Children with five such courses of tetracycline therapy during the first 4½ to 5 years of life had permanent incisors averaging about two shades darker than children with no tetracycline exposure, a nearly imperceptible and cosmetically negligible difference; however, 3 of these 14 children had moderately darkened teeth. With greater frequency of tetracycline exposure, the risk increases; four of our six patients with eight or more courses had noticeably dark teeth. After age 6 for girls and 7 for boys the risk of tetracycline staining can be ignored since the cosmetically important anterior teeth have all formed. When tetracycline therapy is indicated during the first 6 to 7 years, the use of oxytetracycline (or possibly doxycycline) may diminish tooth darkening.
Towards a social systems model of therapeutic groups

Three distinct group therapeutic models are described and discussed in this paper, and an attempt is made to suggest a more inclusive, unitary model of the therapy group. The group models are 1) a member to therapist group, 2) a group to therapist group and 3) a member to member group. Each model carries specific implications about the focus of therapy and dominant group themes. Each model ignores much to which the other models attend. A systems theory model of group therapy which encompasses the three models is outlined. In this systems theory the therapist is conceptualized as a central regulatory figure whose behavior is critical in defining the boundary between the group and its environment. The therapist's definition of the group's task and boundary has important implications for the relationships of group members. Modifications in therapists' regulatory behavior will lead to predictable modifications in intra-group behavior.
ERCP and laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholangitis in a 66-year-old male with situs inversus

A case report of the successful management of a patient with situs inversus viscerum and symptomatic choledocholithiasis and cholangitis is presented. The preoperative evaluation of the choledochus via ERCP and successful common bile duct stone extraction enabled successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The anatomic challenge of situs inversus viscerum mandates the selective use of intraoperative cholangiography during and upon completion of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Effect of salinity on mycorrhizal onion and tomato in soil with and without additional phosphate

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) are known to increase plant growth in saline soils. Previous studies, however, have not distinguished whether this growth response is due to enhanced P uptake or a direct mechanism of increased plant salt tolerance by VAM. In a glasshouse experiment onions (Allium cepa L.) were grown in sterilized, low-P sandy loam soil amended with 0, 0.8, 1.6 mmol P kg−1 soil with and without mycorrhizal inoculum. Pots were irrigated with saline waters having conductivities of 1.0, 2.8, 4.3, and 5.9 dS m−1. Onion colonized withGlomus deserticola (Trappe, Bloss, and Menge) increased growth from 394% to 100% over non-inoculated control plants when soil P was low (≤ 0.2 mmol kg−1 NaHCO3-extractable P) at soil saturation extract salinities from 1.1 dS m−1 to 8.8 dS m−1. When 0.8 and 1.6 mM P was added no dry weight differences due to VAM were observed, however, K and P concentrations were higher in VAM plants in saline treatments.Glomus fasciculatum (Gerdeman and Trappe) andGlomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) isolates increased growth of VAM tomato 44% to 193% in non-sterilized, saline soil (10 dS m−1 saturation extract) despite having little effect on growth in less saline conditions when soil P was low. Higher tomato water potentials, along with improved K nutrition by VAM in onion, indicate mechanisms other than increased P nutrition may be important for VAM plants growing under saline stress. These effects appear to be secondary to the effects of VAM on P uptake.
Optimal sophisticated voting strategies in single ballot elections involving three candidates

A model of a rational, sophisticated voter is developed based on the assumption that a voter in a three-candidate election acts to maximize the weighted value of the available voting strategies. The model is used to analyze strategic voting behavior in various traditional and more modern single-ballot systems that employ plurality as a decision rule. In each case, the analysis proceeds by first determining the subset of admissable strategies which are undominated by other valid strategies under the assumption that a voter is not risk-averse. The analysis next involves determining isopreference contours that describe the conditions under which a voter is indifferent between a pair of admissable strategies. These contours are interpreted as decision thresholds which mark the boundaries where a voter shifts from one strategy to another and, hence, govern voting behavior in a particular system. Based on these analyses, an insincerity index, which calibrates the extent to which sophistication produces voting that is inconsistent with actual preferences, is computed. In addition, it is determined for each system whether there are conditions where a group of like-minded, independent voters will vote as a block even though no explicit coalition is formed. Finally, assuming that voting is sophisticated and not risk-averse, we analyze the properties of formal equivalence and symmetry between pairs of systems and, in addition, determine whether a system is formally a mixture of other systems.
Nanocomposite versus monophasic synthesis

Abstract Samarium and manganese modified lead titanate has been prepared by a nanocomposite approach. Densification behavior of this precursor powder was evaluated in comparision with modified lead titanate powder of the same composition derived from monophasic (sol-gel) processing method. Better sinterability was obtained for powder processed from nanocomposite method as compared to monophasic gel powder.
Evaluation of a Pilot-Scale, Plate-and-Frame Filter Press for Dewatering Thickener Underflow Slurries from Bituminous Coal-Cleaning Plants

Laboratory testing was conducted to evaluate the performance of a pilot-scale, plate-and-frame filter press for dewatering bituminous coal slurries. The fully automated filter press is manufactured by T.H. Minerals and is equipped with a hydraulic system, which operates the plate and diaphragm feed pumps. The filter press is capable of achieving an operating pressure of up to 1035 kPa. The unit contains a single set of plates having a filtration area of 0.45 × 0.45 m. Thickener underflow samples were collected from two bituminous coal-cleaning plants located in Pennsylvania. The first sample (Plant 1) was nominal −840 µm and had an ash value of 39.2%. It contained approximately 34% of −25 µm material with an ash value of 64.5%. The second sample (Plant 2) was nominal −150 µm and had an ash value of 17.5%. It contained approximately 65% of −25 µm material with an ash value of 20.9%. Testing was conducted to evaluate the effects of filter time, air-drying time, and air-blow pressure on filtrate flow, filtra...
Differential distribution of free and bound glutathione and cyst(e)ine in human blood.

The redox status of free and bound glutathione (GSH) and cyst(e)ine (Cys) is altered by oxidative stress, drugs, and disease. Most studies measure only their free forms and not the bound forms, which may have a crucial protective role. For this reason, we determined free and bound, reduced and oxidized GSH and Cys in whole blood, red cells, and plasma of human blood from healthy adults. Distinct compartments of GSH and Cys were found. In whole blood, >99% GSH was in red cells, of which 16% was bound. GSH values were the same for red cells in whole blood or in cells isolated from the same samples. Only 0.5% of GSH was in plasma, all of which was bound. In contrast, 97% of Cys was in plasma and only 3% in red cells. This was a remarkable separation of these closely related metabolites in the same tissue. In plasma, 60% of Cys was bound. Also, strong correlations were shown of bound vs free Cys and also vs free plus bound Cys. The bound Cys was more constant and suggested that it is a metabolic reserve. Our findings demonstrate the occurrence of significant bound forms of GSH and Cys and have implications for future studies in disease and toxicology.
Human milk fucosyltransferase and α-L-fucosidase activities change during the course of lactation

Abstract Human milk is rich in fucosylated oligosaccharides and other glycoconjugates, some of which affect interactions between pathogens and host cell surface. Two types of enzymes, fucosyltransferase and α-L-fucosidase, involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of these compounds, were analyzed in random samples of human milk from healthy donors. In mature milk (days 52 to 78), the individual variability for fucosyltransferase was twice that of fucosidase. The activities of both enzymes were observed to change over the course of lactation from day 3 to day 370. α-Fucosyltransferase activity was greatest during the first 30 days of lactation and declined significantly between 30 and 100 days. From day 100, fucosyltransferase activity remained nearly constant. Fucosidase activity was high at the onset of lactation followed by a precipitous decline, reaching a nadir by the second week. After the fourth week, the α-L-fucosidase activity increased in direct proportion to the length of lactation. The possible relationship of these enzymes to the fucosyloligosaccharide content of human milk are discussed.
Production of [3H]patulin of high specific activity.

In resuspension experiments with Penicillium patulum, patulin production was not directly proportional to the glucose concentration of the broth. Proportionally more patulin was produced in broth of low glucose concentration. Patulin production was inversely related to the nitrogen concentration of the resuspension medium. Recovery of tritium as [3H]patulin ranged from 0·15 to 0·30% when 3H-labelled sodium acetate substrate was used. The low tritium recovery is likely to have been due primarily to keto-enol tavtomerism of patulin precursors and hydrogen exchange with water. Maximum specific activity of isolated [3H]patulin was 2478 dpm/ng. This specific activity is more than sufficient to make possible in vivo experiments on patulin distribution and metabolism.
Quark and lepton flavor violating Z0 decays in E6

Abstract Appreciable lepton flavor violating decays of Z0, e.g. Z0→ μτ, can occur in E6 grand unified theories. We examine these decays and find, using the existing experimental limits on rare processes, that some may have branching ratios as large as a few times 10-4. Flavor violating quark decays are also expected at the same level but only in the Q = −1 3 sector (e.g. Z0 → bs, but Z0 → tc) within the framework of E6; these quark decays are very difficult to observe experimentally.
The Global War for Internet Governance

Keynote Address: Laura DeNardis, The Global War for Internet Governance Internet governance conflicts are the new spaces where political and economic power is unfolding in the 21st century. Technologies of Internet governance increasingly mediate freedom of expression and individual privacy. They are entangled with national security and global commerce. The distributed nature of Internet governance technologies is shifting historic control over these public interest areas from sovereign nation-states to private ordering and new global institutions. The term "Internet governance" conjures up a host of global controversies such as the prolonged Internet outage in Syria during political turmoil or Google's decision not to acquiesce to U.S. government requests to remove an incendiary political video from YouTube. It invokes narratives about the United Nations "taking over" the Internet, NSA surveillance revelations, cybersecurity concerns about denial of service attacks, and the mercurial privacy policies of social media companies. These issues exist only at the surface of a technologically concealed and institutionally complex ecosystem of governance that is generally out of public view. This talk explains how the Internet is currently governed, particularly through the sinews of power that exist in technical architecture and new global institutions, and presents several brewing Internet governance controversies that will affect the future of economic and expressive liberty.
Robotic construction of arbitrary shapes with amorphous materials

We present a locally reactive algorithm to construct arbitrary shapes with amorphous materials. The goal is to provide methods for robust robotic construction in unstructured, cluttered terrain, where deliberative approaches with pre-fabricated construction elements are difficult to apply. Amorphous materials provide a simple way to interface with existing obstacles, as well as irregularly shaped previous depositions. The local reactive nature of these algorithms allows robots to recover from disturbances, operate in dynamic environments, and provides a way to work with scalable robot teams.
Bilateral tuberculous pleural effusions with markedly different characteristics

A 72-year-old man presented with malaise, weight loss, and cough. Chest radiograph revealed bilateral pleural effusions. On thoracentesis, the left effusion was a clear yellow exudate with more than 90% lymphocytes, and the right effusion was a grossly bloody exudate with more than 90% neutrophils. Cultures of both effusions grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Chemical constituents of the nudibranch chromodoris marislae

Abstract The major metabolite of Chromodoris marislae , marislin ( 1a ) was identified from spectral data and converted into the sponge metabolite pleraplysillin-2 ( 1b ).
Lower thrombolytic use for African Americans with myocardial infarction: an influence of clinical presentation?

Abstract Background After myocardial infarction, African Americans have been reported to undergo fewer catheterization and revascularization procedures than whites, but few studies have addressed racial variations in the delivery of thrombolytic therapy. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of data prospectively collected on consecutive patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction to the 16-bed coronary care unit of a large, urban teaching hospital. Results Over a 5-year period, 1948 consecutive patients were admitted with acute myocardial infarction to a single coronary care unit. Thrombolysis was administered to 19% of 1024 African Americans and 29% of 924 whites ( P P Conclusions Much of the racial variation in thrombolytic administration could be accounted for by differences in clinical presentation, an issue that requires further study. (Am Heart J 1999;137:338-45.)
Thermoreversible gelation of polyethylene/decalin mixtures by self-nucleated crystallization

The critical gelation concentration of polyethylene gels formed in decalin by self-nucleation was studied as a function of the gelation temperature, the polymer dissolution temperature, and the time at the dissolution temperature. A comparison was also made with gels formed after cooling from a high temperature. The morphology of the various gels was examined to elucidate the gelation behavior. Self-nucleation of crystalline polymers in solution produces efficient gels that have a low critical gelation concentration and are relatively stronger at higher polymer concentrations than gels produced otherwise. The efficiency arises from the structural unit being a single lamella (but not necessarily a single polymer crystal) and by neighboring lamellae tending to rotate in solution to approach coplanarity, which allows an extensive attachment area between the lamellae. In addition, the lamellae in the gels appeared to all have the same size, and the critical gelation concentration was found to be relatively independent of the lamellar size.
Brain white matter microstructure is associated with susceptibility to motion‐induced nausea

Nausea is associated with significant morbidity, and there is a wide range in the propensity of individuals to experience nausea. The neural basis of the heterogeneity in nausea susceptibility is poorly understood. Our previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in healthy adults showed that a visual motion stimulus caused activation in the right MT+/V5 area, and that increased sensation of nausea due to this stimulus was associated with increased activation in the right anterior insula. For the current study, we hypothesized that individual differences in visual motion-induced nausea are due to microstructural differences in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), the white matter tract connecting the right visual motion processing area (MT+/V5) and right anterior insula. To test this hypothesis, we acquired diffusion tensor imaging data from 30 healthy adults who were subsequently dichotomized into high and low nausea susceptibility groups based on the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Scale. We quantified diffusion along the IFOF for each subject based on axial diffusivity (AD); radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA), and evaluated between-group differences in these diffusion metrics. Subjects with high susceptibility to nausea rated significantly (P < 0.001) higher nausea intensity to visual motion stimuli and had significantly (P < 0.05) lower AD and MD along the right IFOF compared to subjects with low susceptibility to nausea. This result suggests that differences in white matter microstructure within tracts connecting visual motion and nausea-processing brain areas may contribute to nausea susceptibility or may have resulted from an increased history of nausea episodes.
Duality and the Baryon Spectrum

Various authors have found solutions to consistency equations based on duality for meson-meson and meson-baryon scattering amplitudes. It is pointed out that there are three simple solutions for the baryon spectrum and interactions that accommedate the observed lightest baryons. The differences in these solutions are discussed Experimental data involving the third and fourth quark-model levels can be used to test which, if any, of these solutions is approximately correct. (auth)
Apolipoprotein E4 in Macrophages Enhances Atherogenesis in a Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-dependent Manner

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) and the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) are well recognized determinants of atherosclerosis. In addition to hepatocytes, where both are highly expressed and contribute to plasma lipoprotein clearance, they are expressed in vascular cells and macrophages. In this study, we examined the effects of human apoE isoforms and LDLr levels in atherogenic pathways in primary macrophages ex vivo and atherosclerosis development after bone marrow transfer in vivo using mice expressing human apoE isoforms and different levels of LDLr expression. Increases in LDLr expression significantly increased cholesterol delivery into macrophages in culture, and the effects were more prominent with lipoproteins containing apoE4 than those containing apoE3. Conversely, increased LDLr expression reduced cholesterol efflux in macrophages expressing apoE4 but not in macrophages expressing apoE3. Furthermore, apoE3 protected VLDL from oxidation in vitro more than did apoE4. In LDLr-deficient mice expressing the human apoE4 isoform, Apoe4/4 Ldlr–/–, the replacement of bone marrow cells with those expressing LDLr increased atherosclerotic lesions in a dose-dependent manner compared with mice transplanted with cells having no LDLr. In contrast, atherosclerosis in Apoe3/3 Ldlr–/– mice, expressing the human apoE3 isoform, did not differ by the levels of macrophage LDLr expression. Our results demonstrate that apoE4, but not apoE3, in macrophages enhances atherosclerotic plaque development in mice in an LDLr-dependent manner and suggests that this interaction may contribute to the association of apoE4 with an increased cardiovascular risk in humans.
A survey of security risks of mobile social media through blog mining and an extensive literature search

Purpose – As mobile malware and virus are rapidly increasing in frequency and sophistication, mobile social media has recently become a very popular attack vector. The purpose of this paper is to survey the state-of-the-art of security aspect of mobile social media, identify recent trends, and provide recommendations for researchers and practitioners in this fast moving field. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews disparate discussions in literature on security aspect of mobile social media though blog mining and an extensive literature search. Based on the detailed review, the author summarizes some key insights to help enterprises understand security risks associated with mobile social media. Findings – Risks related to mobile social media are identified based on the results of the review. Best practices and useful tips are offered to help enterprises mitigate risks of mobile social media. This paper also provides insights and guidance for enterprises to mitigate the security risks of mobile ...
Damage mechanics of microelectronics solder joints under high current densities

Abstract The electromigration damage in flip chip solder joints of eutectic SnPb was studied under current stressing at room temperature with a current density of 1.3 × 104 A/cm2. The height of the solder joints was 100 μm. The mass accumulation near anode side and void nucleation near cathode were observed during current stressing. The nano-indentation test was performed on solder joints for electromigration test. Surface marker movement was used to measure the atomic flux driven by electromigration and to calculate the product of effective charge number and diffusivity, D×Z ∗ , of the solder at room temperature. The effective charge number can be extracted with the solder diffusivity at room temperature known. Pb phase coarsening was observed during current stressing.
Femoral shaft fracture below a pre-existing implant: a novel method of fixation: a case report

Femoral shaft fractures below or above a pre-existing implant in the elderly are not uncommon, and the ideal management of these fractures is not well defined. We report the use of a retrograde femoral nail for a femoral shaft fracture, linked to a pre-existing hip plate screw construct by locking the nail through the distal two holes of the plate. We were able to achieve a biomechanically stable construct with no gapped areas and no stress risers in osteopenic bone. This technique is one of the various methods that can be chosen to fix a fracture with a pre-existing implant proximally.
Functionalization of the active chain ends of poly(vinyl chloride) obtained by single-electron-transfer/degenerative-chain-transfer mediated living radical polymerization: Synthesis of telechelic α, ω-Di(hydroxy)poly(vinyl chloride)

The chloroiodomethyl chain ends of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) obtained by the single-electron-transfer/degenerative-chain-transfer mediated living radical polymerization of vinyl chloride initiated with iodoform were quantitatively functionalized by the reaction with 2-allyloxyethanol (CH2CHCH2OCH2CH2OH). This reaction was performed in dimethyl sulfoxide at 70 °C and was catalyzed by sodium dithionite/sodium bicarbonate. The resulting product is the first example of telechelic PVC [α,ω-di(hydroxy)PVC]. A possible mechanism for this reaction was suggested. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1255–1260, 2005
Surgeon energy expenditure during total joint arthroplasty.

Abstract Although there is extensive literature related to total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), most of this research has been devoted to analyzing patient outcomes and complications. There are no published articles to date investigating the energy expenditure of the surgeon during these procedures. Using a SenseWear Pro 2 Armband, energy expenditure measured as energy expended during 22 primary THAs or TKAs by a single surgeon was recorded. Total hip arthroplasty required a greater expenditure of energy than TKA ( P
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: relation of age and obesity in children.

Article abstract The relation between obesity and age in children with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) has remained uncertain. The authors reviewed the records of 45 consecutive children with newly diagnosed idiopathic intracranial hypertension seen at two medical centers. Forty-three percent of patients aged 3 to 11 years were obese, whereas 81% of those in the 12- to 14-year age group and 91% of those in the 15- to 17-year age group met criteria for obesity ( p = 0.01). Younger children with idiopathic intracranial hypertension are less likely to be obese than are older children or adults.
Experimental Estimation of the Window of Vulnerability for Logic Circuits

Accurate estimation of single event upset rates for complex combinational logic circuits is extremely challenging due to the difficulties involved in calculation of different masking factors. This paper introduces the concept of an effective value of the window of vulnerability which is calculated experimentally for 28 nm bulk CMOS combinational logic circuits. Results suggest that the window of vulnerability for different input conditions of the same circuit are similar but that of different circuits could differ. The difference in gate type and topology is identified as the key reason for the differences in window of vulnerability. The window of vulnerability due to alpha particle irradiation for different circuits is between 30-60 ps which compares reasonably with SET pulse-width distributions reported in the past. The effective value of the window of vulnerability could be used to simplify logic error rate calculations.
Minimally invasive treatments of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

Study Design. A literature review of experiences with vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for treating symptomatic, osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs).Objectives. To summarize the advantages and disadvantages of kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty.Summary of Background Data. Osteoporotic VCFs
Comment on Dinerman's Review of Structuralism in Sociology: An Approach to Knowledge

It borders on the grotesque to blame an author for not subscribing to a point of view other than his own--for not writing what the reviewer thinks he ought to have written. Dinerman's review (AA 80:386-387, 1978) raises the issue of a book reviewer's responsibilities. To be sure, a reviewer has the right to disagree, to criticize, but should she not first try to understand what the author is actually saying? Dinerman begins with the statement that the book Structuralism in Sociology "is not about structuralism" and ends by saying, "The problem of human consciousness so central to structuralism is obscured in Katz's book." In between
Displaying radiologic images on personal computers

This is the second article of our series for radiologists and imaging scientists on displaying, manipulating, and analyzing radiologic images on personal computers (PCs). The first article discussed the digital image data file, standard PC graphic file formats, and various methods for importing radiologic images into the PC. This article discusses the hardware, software, and user interface issues related to displaying gray scale images on PCs. In particular, this segment focuses on the process of converting the digital image into gray shades on a color monitor. A method for displaying and interactively setting the window width and window level parameters of 16-bit radiologic images on PCs with standard red green blue graphic hardware is illustrated in a sample application.
A comparison of African American and Latina social networks as indicators for culturally tailoring a breast and cervical cancer education intervention.

As similar cancer health disparities have been documented for African American (AA) women and Latinas, it would be important to determine whether comparable interventions could be used to increase screening among these 2 culturally different populations. This paper reports research findings comparing cultural dimensions of breast and cervical cancer as they impact Latino and AA social networks and explore the feasibility of creating outreach models that may serve both groups. An existing intervention that integrates the social roles and relationships of AA women, The Witness Project®, is used as a framework for tailoring an intervention for Latino communities. Findings and data from focus groups and key informant interviews were collected from more than 120 Latinos in Arkansas and New York City. These findings are analyzed using the Pen-3 Model, categorized, and compared with previous social role and network information from AA women as reflected in the Witness Project® intervention model. The findings from this study demonstrated variations between AA women and Latinas with regard to roles and gender relationships while demonstrating similarities with regard to spiritual beliefs and attitudes toward cancer. We applied our results to culturally tailor and develop a breast and cervical cancer intervention, Esperanza y Vida™ (Hope and Life), that incorporates Latino values and social relationships. This study demonstrates that a proven education and outreach model for AA women may provide a framework for creating a culturally appropriate intervention for Latinas. Further research is needed to study the efficacy of the new model. Cancer 2007. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
The effect of food label cues on perceptions of quality and purchase intentions among high-involvement consumers with varying levels of nutrition knowledge.

Abstract Objective To determine whether differences in nutrition knowledge affected how women (a high-involvement group) interpreted intrinsic cues (ingredient list) and extrinsic cues (“all natural” label) on food labels. Methods A 2 (intrinsic cue) × 2 (extrinsic cue) × 2 (nutrition knowledge expert vs novice) within-subject factorial design was used. Participants were 106 female college students (61 experts, 45 novices). Dependent variables were perception of product quality and purchase intention. Results As predicted by the elaboration likelihood model, experts used central route processing to scrutinize intrinsic cues and make judgments about food products. Novices used peripheral route processing to make simple inferences about the extrinsic cues in labels. Conclusions and Implications Consumers' levels of nutrition knowledge influenced their ability to process food labels. The United States Food and Drug Administration should regulate the “all natural” food label, because this claim is likely to mislead most consumers.
Chlamydia trachomatis infection among 15- to 35-year-olds in Baltimore, MD.

Background Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the most frequently reported infectious disease in the U.S. This article reports population and subpopulation prevalence estimates of Ct and correlates of infection among 15-35 year-olds in Baltimore, MD, USA.
Glycogen-Containing Cells of Estrogen-Induced Renal Tumors of the Hamster

Cells which contain glycogen, and which may arise from the connective tissue matrix, can be demonstrated in the estrogen-induced renal tumor of the hamster when the tumor tissue used has either been lyophilized or frozen and then substituted in absolute alcohol containing mercuric chloride. Glycogen has not been found previously in this type of tumor. Studies of the role of glycogen in this type of neoplasm nmay elucidate mechanisms of tumorigenesis.
Evidence for possible linkage between genetic markers and affective disorders

Studies of the underlying components of affective disorders are particularly difficult because of the confounding effects of both genetic and environmental factors. Linkage analysis is a useful tool in delineating the etiology of affective disorders, as it is unlikely that linkage between behavioral traits and blood group polymorphisms could result from environmental effects. The present study used the robust Haseman and Elston sibpair method to analyze linkage between 24 genetic markers and affective disorder in 34 nuclear families from 25 pedigrees (195 people). The probands were ascertained as part of the ongoing NIMH Collaborative Depression Study. Indications of linkage between familial pure depressive disease and MNS and depression spectrum disease and ORM were found, as had been previously suggested. There was also suggestive evidence for linkage between the latter and GC. Results are discussed in terms of methodological differences with previous studies.
A DFM aware, space based router

The days when a router simply connected up the nets, obeying simple width and spacing rules, are long gone. While modern routers are still expected to connect things up correctly (albeit with a much more complex set of design rules), they are also expected to balance many more objectives. Even in a digital design, routers are now expected to preserve or enhance timing, get rid of crosstalk violations, even out metal density, insert redundant vias, minimize critical area, and generate 'litho friendly' geometry where possible, just to name a few additional tasks. Analog and mixed signal design adds many more, and more complex, constraints. Managing this large set of often conflicting objectives requires a router built for this express purpose. This talk will discuss Cadence's 'Space Based Router', a new router designed with DFM and DFY in mind.
Monitoring thermal status of ecosystems with MODIS land-surface temperature and vegetation index products

The global land-surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) products retrieved from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data in 2001 were used in this study. The yearly peak values of NDVI data at 5km grids were used to define six NDVI peak zones from -0.2 to 1 in steps of 0.2, and the monthly NDVI values at each grid were sorted in decreasing order, resulting in 12 layers of NDVI images for each of the NDVI peak zones. The mean and standard deviation of daytime LSTs and day-night LST differences at the grids corresponding to the first layer of NDVI images characterize the thermal status of terrestrial ecosystems in the NDVI peak zones. For the ecosystems in the 0.8-1 NDVI peak zone, daytime LSTs distribute from 0-35 C and day-night LST differences distribute from -2 to 22 C. The daytime LSTs and day-night LST differences corresponding to the remaining layers of NDVI images show that the growth of vegetation is limited at low and high LSTs. LSTs and NDVI may be used to monitor photosynthetic activity and drought, as shown in their applications to a flood-irrigated grassland in California and an unirrigated grassland in Nevada.
Debiasing Crowdsourced Batches

Crowdsourcing is the de-facto standard for gathering annotated data. While, in theory, data annotation tasks are assumed to be attempted by workers independently, in practice, data annotation tasks are often grouped into batches to be presented and annotated by workers together, in order to save on the time or cost overhead of providing instructions or necessary background. Thus, even though independence is usually assumed between annotations on data items within the same batch, in most cases, a worker's judgment on a data item can still be affected by other data items within the batch, leading to additional errors in collected labels. In this paper, we study the data annotation bias when data items are presented as batches to be judged by workers simultaneously. We propose a novel worker model to characterize the annotating behavior on data batches, and present how to train the worker model on annotation data sets. We also present a debiasing technique to remove the effect of such annotation bias from adversely affecting the accuracy of labels obtained. Our experimental results on synthetic and real-world data sets demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve up to +57% improvement in F1-score compared to the standard majority voting baseline.
ALMA Explorations of Warm Dense Molecular Gas in Nearby LIRGs

We present results of ALMA (Cycle-0) observations of the CO (6-5) line emission and the 435μm continuum of two nearby luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) NGC 34 (a major merger with an AGN) and NGC 1614 (a minor merger with a circum-nuclear starburst). Using receivers in the highest frequency ALMA band available (Band-9), these observations achieved the best angular resolutions (∼0″.25) for ALMA Cycle-0 observations and resolved for the first time distributions of warm dense molecular gas (n > 10^5 cm^(−3), T > 100 K) in LIRGs with spatial resolutions better than 100 pc. Our ALMA data show a very tight correlation between the CO (6-5) line emission and the 435μm dust continuum emission, suggesting the warm dense molecular gas dominates the ISM in the central kpc of LIRGs, and gas heating and dust heating in the warm dense gas cores are strongly coupled. On the other hand, we saw very different spatial distributions and kinematic properties of warm dense gas in the two LIRGs, indicating that physical conditions in the ISM can be very different in different LIRGs.
A representation of complex events and processes for the acquisition of knowledge from texts

Temporal event hierarchies are proposed as a technique to represent knowledge in texts describing processes. The representation is that which a program, without prior knowledge about these processes, will be able to acquire by reading a description of a process. The representation is intended to be used by programs that acquire knowledge from texts. This representation is viewed as a bridge between the English description of a biological system and deeper representations of systems such as those proposed by qualitative physics and model-based reasoning. The representation is based on temporal relationships that are used to index and organize knowledge about biological systems (circulatory, respiratory, urinary, etc.) in a hierarchy of events. Several reasoning methods that the proposed representation permits are explained. The event centered representation proposed here is also related to object centered representations. Finally, algorithms for the automated construction of the event hierarchies are explained.
PHASE INSTABILITY IN ZRO2-NIAL FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS

Sedimentation in organic solvents was followed by hot-pressing to produce 2 mole{percent} yttria stabilized zirconia-NiAl functionally graded materials (FGM{close_quote}s). These FGM{close_quote}s were better able to accommodate high levels of residual stress than alumina-NiAl FGM{close_quote}s; this is possibly due to enhanced tetragonal phase retention. However, we found that the zirconia layer in these FGM{close_quote}s subsequently experiences room temperature transformation of t-ZrO{sub 2} to m-ZrO{sub 2}. {copyright} {ital 1997 Materials Research Society.}
Soil properties and design factors influencing free-phase hydrocarbon cleanup

Light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) saturation and movement in the subsurface are controlled by soil capillary characteristics, permeability, and fluid properties. Where free-product occurs in monitoring wells, LNAPL saturations in the formation vary significantly as a function of the observed thickness in the monitoring well and soil type. Fine-grained soils generally exhibit lower LNAPL saturations than coarse-grained material for the same observed thickness in a monitoring well. MAGNAS3 [MAGNAS3. HydroGeoLogic, Inc., Herndon, VA, 1992; Huyakorn, P. S.; Panday, S.; Wu, Y. S. J. Contam. Hydrol. 1994, 16, 190−130], a three-dimensional, finite-element model that can simulate movement of three active phases (air, water, and LNAPL), was used to investigate LNAPL recovery in three different soil types and using several recovery designs to examine the effect of these factors on LNAPL recovery. The results of this analysis show that, because the relative mobility of LNAPL decreases with decreasing saturation ...
Effect of lithospheric thickness on the formation of high- and low-angle normal faults

It is accepted that extension of a homogeneous brittle layer should produce high-angle normal faults. The rotation of the upper parts of such a fault to a low dip requires fault offset that is greater than the local lithospheric thickness. New model calculations indicate that a fault cutting lithosphere thicker than 10-20 km can build up only a few kilometres horizontal throw before a new fault replaces it. Such a small offset leaves the fault little rotated from its initial high dip angle. For thinner lithosphere, the fault offset may be much larger, leading to rotation of the upper, inactive parts of a high-angle fault to a low dip angle. In continents, this can happen where thin upper-crustal lithosphere is decoupled from mantle lithosphere by weak lower crust. The calculations suggest that normal faults begin with high dip angles and only in areas of very thin lithosphere can they be offset enough to produce low-angle fault structures. This prediction is consistent with the occurrence of low-angle faults in areas with higher than normal heat flow.
Substitution and reduction reactions of halogenated dinuclear gold ylide complexes with anionic sulfur reagents. The molecular structures of {AuII[μ-(CH2)2PPh2]}2((DTP)2 (1), {AuII[μ-(CH2)2PMe2]}2(MTP)2 (3), anti-{[AuIIIBr(MTP)[μ-(CH2)2PPh2]}· C6H6 (4), {AuII[μ-(CH2)2PPh2]}2(MTP)Br (5) and {Au2III(μ-CH2)-[μ-(CH2)2PPh2]2}(DTP) (7), MTP = [CH2P(S)Ph2]−, DTP = [S2PPh2]−

Abstract Substitution reactions and reductions with the salts of potentially bidentate ligands, Li(MTP) (MTP = methylenediphenylthiophosphinate) and K(DTP) (DTP = diphenyldithiosphosphinate), have been carried out using {AuIIIBr2[μ-(CH2)2PR2]}2 (RMe, P {AuII[μ-(CH2)2PPH2]}2Br2, and {AuIII2(μ-CH2)[μ-(CH2)2[μ-(CH2)2PPh2]2}Br2 as starting materials. Metathesis products are f without evidence of formation of mixed-valent Au1/AuIII metallacycles from the AuII starting materials and metal-metal bonded AuII products are observed fr the dinuclear AuIII halides. The molecular structures of {Au[μ-(CH2)2PPh2]}2(DTP)2 (1), {Au[μ-(CH2)2PMe2]}2(MTP)2 (3), anti-{[AuBr(MTP)[μ-CH2)2PPh2]}2·C6H6 (4), {Au[μ-(CH2)2PPh2]}2(MTP)Br (5) {Au2(μ-CH2)[μ-(CH2)2PPh2]2}(DTP)2 (7) have been obtained by X-ray crystallography. These ligands both bond to different gold centers through only one functional group. A discussion is presented of the amplified structural trans influence as it relates to these compounds. Complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z=4, a=19.335(5), b=9.073(3), c=28.160(9) A , β=91.75(2)° and V=4938(3) A 3 . Complex 3 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 with Z=2, a=9.215(2), b=13.878(3), c=15.120(3) A , a=81.74(2), β=76.31(2), γ=89.29°(2)° and V=1858.7(7) A 3 . Complex 4 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with Z=2, a=13.189(2), b=16.742(3), c=14.386(2) A , β=91.90(1)° and V=3174.9(8) A 3 . Complex 5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with Z=8, a=17.787(4), b=18.647(4), c=23.814(9 A and V=7898(4) A 3 . Complex 7 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 with Z=2, a=12.975(2), b=13.551(2), c=14.533(3) A , α=85.14(1)°, β-84.37(1), γ=81.81(1)° and V=2510.4° A 3 .
Correlates of social support in older American Indians: the Native Elder Care Study.

Objectives: This study examined social support and identified demographic and health correlates among American Indians aged 55 years and older.Methods: Data were derived from the Native Elder Care Study, a cross-sectional study of 505 community-dwelling American Indians aged ≥55 years. Social support was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey measure (MOS-SSS) of which psychometric properties were examined through factor analyses. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations between age, sex, educational attainment, marital status, depressive symptomatology, lower body physical functioning, and chronic pain and social support.Results: Study participants reported higher levels of affectionate and positive interaction social support (88.2% and 81.8%, respectively) than overall (75.9%) and emotional (69.0%) domains. Increased age, being married/partnered, and female sex were associated with high social support in the final model. Decreased depressive symptomatology...
Efficient synthesis and evaluation of bimodal ligand NETA.

The efficient and short synthetic route to the structurally novel bimodal ligand NETA for antibody-targeted radiation therapy (radioimmunotherapy, RIT) of cancer was developed. The structure of NETA was determined by X-ray crystallography. The arsenazo-based UV spectroscopic complexation kinetics data suggest that NETA is a promising chelator for use in RIT applications of 212 Bi, 213 Bi, and 177 Lu.