cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dibenzo[b,i][1,4,8,11]tetra-azacyclotetradecine complexes—II. Ru(tmtaa)(PMePh2)2

Abstract The title compound has been prepared via an unusual synthetic route and structurally characterized. The compound crystallizes in space group P 1 with unit cell dimensions a = 10.928(3), b = 11.030(2), c = 10.035(3) A, α = 116.70(1), β = 113.10(2), γ = 85.94(2)°, V = 985.7(5) A3 and Z = 1. This ruthenium monomer is the first Ru-tmtaa compound to be crystallographically characterized. The usual saddle-shape geometry of the macrocyclic ligand is destroyed due to the presence of bulky PMePh2 phosphines. This complex is the first example of such an occurrence.
The lattice of branched covers over the figure-eight knot

Abstract The class of all closed, orientable 3-manifolds is studied as the lattice of branched coverings of the 3-sphere branched over the figure-eight knot.
Semantic classification and dependency parsing enabled automated bio-molecular event extraction from text

The last two decades of invigorating research in the area of human genome sequencing marked the beginning of large-scale data collection. Much of the valuable knowledge gained is found in published articles, and thus in un-structured textual form. To aid in searching and extracting knowledge from textual sources, we present BioEve, a fully automated system to extract bio-molecular events from Medline abstracts. BioEve first semantically classifies each sentence to the class type of the event mentioned in the sentence, and then using high coverage, class-specific, hand-crafted rules, it extracts the participants of that event. An online version of BioEve is available at http://bioeve.org/.
Complex iterative solutions to process model equations

Abstract The qualitative behavior and utility of complex solutions to both cubic equations of state and various flash models are studied. It is shown that the iterative use of complex roots to cubic equations of state within flash calculations offers significant advantages in convergence and implementation in single and multiphase regions near to or far from the critical region. A variety of numerical examples and geometric illustrations are used to depict salient points and support these claims.
The effect of estrogen on sugar transport in the rat uterus.

Abstract 1. 1. The characteristics of sugar transport in the isolated rat uterus were studied using the non-metabolized glucose analogue 3-O- methyl- d -glucose . The effect of estrogen injection into ovariectomized rats on the transport rate was also determined. 2. 2. Estrogen injection increased the initial rate of 3-O-methylglucose transport into uterine cells. The effect was evident at 2 h, and maximal at 4 h. After 12 h the control value was attained again. 3. 3. Sugar transport obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Estrogen increased the vmax 2-fold, but did not change the Km. 4. 4. Sugar transport exhibited substrate specificity, competition between sugar pairs, and countertransport. 5. 5. Estrogen increased the rate of sugar efflux from the uterus. 6. 6. Estradiol, insulin, N-ethylmaleimide, NaCN, diisopropylphosphorofluoridate, p-chloromercuribenzoate and dinitrophenol did not alter the transport rate when added in vitro. 7. 7. It is concluded that estrogen increases the rate of sugar transport in the rat uterus and that sugar transport takes place by means of a specific mobile carrier transport system.
Mass Culture and Modernism In Egypt

Mass Culture and Modernism In Egypt. WALTER ARMBRUST. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1996. xil. 275 pp., illustrations, notes, references, index.
A New Species of Actium Casey (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) Endemic to Santa Catalina Island, California

ABSTRACT Actium vestigialis Caterino and Chandler, new species, from Santa Catalina Island, California, is described. This new species is brachypterous, has strongly reduced eyes, and is only known to occur on this one island. The leaf litter fauna of California's Channel Islands is inadequately examined, and this discovery may indicate a significant fauna of endemic litter-associated insects.
The Consistent Use of Organic Solvents for Purification of Phospholipids from Brain Tissue Effectively Removes Scrapie Infectivity

A procedure for the purification of phospholipids from brain tissue was evaluated for its efficacy in eliminating scrapie agent infectivity. The key feature of the process was that phospholipids were extracted and purified by exclusive use of organic solvents. Experiments were done by in vivo animal bioassay on a scaled-down version of the original procedure using 263 K-infected hamster brains as source material. The absence of any detectable infectivity in the final preparations indicated that organic solvent extraction is acceptable for purification and decontamination of biological products from scrapie-like agents provided that only the organic phase is used.
Continuous-symmetry ferromagnet with weak random magnetic anisotropy: A numerical study.

We report the results of zero-temperature Monte Carlo simulations on the one-dimensional XY model with weak random magnetic anisotropy. Emphasis is made on metastable properties of the system. Some experimental implications are briefly discussed.
Overcoming extreme obesity with robotic surgery

Background Obesity is often associated with endometrial cancer and has posed a challenge in surgical management. Complications such as wound breakdown, respiratory challenges, cardiac complications and difficult intubations are associated with obesity. For the patient with uterine cancer, surgery is necessary for staging, control of symptoms and cure. With the advent of the da Vinci™ intuitive robot, alternative surgical options can now be offered to these patients. While surgery is the principal modality for the treatment and management of uterine cancer, the morbidly obese patient faces increased complications and longer postoperative recovery. As studied in the LAP2, comparable outcomes have been noted in laparotomy vs laparoscopic surgery. Recently, minimally invasive surgery has been refined with the advent of the da Vinci robotic system. Applying a minimally invasive technique further enhanced with the da Vinci robotic system, a total laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed on a patient with a BMI of 98. Methods A 35 year-old G0 woman with a BMI of 98 presented with heavy vaginal bleeding and anaemia. She was diagnosed with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus, FIGO grade 1. She was treated with a robotically assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Results Her postoperative course was uncomplicated and she was discharged home on post-operative day 1. Conclusions Since obesity is a significant risk factor for endometrial cancer and the prevalence of obesity is increasing, developing surgical techniques to appropriately manage these patients is important. Minimally invasive surgery, specifically with robotic assistance, has increased the possibilities of performing minimally invasive surgery in morbidly obese women. It allows navigation around anatomical barriers and decreases the fatigue experienced by the surgeons. With the increasing obesity of our population and the high prevalence of uterine cancer, further advancement of equipment, anaesthesia and surgical techniques to accommodate the larger patient while decreasing complications have yet to be standardized. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Craniometric measurements of craniofacial malformations in mice with X-linked, dominant hypophosphatemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets).

Skulls of hemizygous male and heterozygous female C57BL/6J mice affected with X-linked, dominant hypophosphatemia (“Hyp” mutant; C57BL/6J-Hyp) - vitamin D-resistant rickets (VDRR) -were compared grossly and by craniometry with skulls of normal C57BL/6J mice to describe the malformation that accompanies this condition. In mutant males a slight retardation in mandibular growth is observed. The neurocranium of mutants is shorter, more domed, and exhibits frontal and occipital bossing. Retardation in growth of the viscerocranium occurs. A characteristic protrusion of the frontopremaxillary suture is present at the junction of the neural and facial skulls. No differences in width are demonstrable. The malformation in mutant females is similar to that found in males but is less pronounced. The craniofacial malformations in humans with VDRR are generally similar to those described in the C57BL/6J-Hyp mouse.
Piplaroxide, an ant-repellent piperidine epoxide from Piper tuberculatum

Investigation of leaves from the shrub Piper tuberculatum for compounds that might serve as repellents to leafcutting ants has led to identification of three cinnamic acid derivatives. One has been characterized as a new piperidine epoxide, piplaroxide (1), while the other two were recognized as the known compounds piplartine (2) and demethoxypiplartine (3). Both piplaroxide and demethoxypiplartine demonstrated significant activity in a laboratory bioassay measuring repellency to the leafcutter ant Atta cephalotes.
Mesoscale modeling of amorphous metals by shear transformation zone dynamics

A new mesoscale modeling technique for the thermo-mechanical behavior of metallic glasses is proposed. The modeling framework considers the shear transformation zone (STZ) as the fundamental unit of deformation, and coarse-grains an amorphous collection of atoms into an ensemble of STZs on a mesh. By employing finite element analysis and a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm, the modeling technique is capable of simulating glass processing and deformation on time and length scales greater than those usually attainable by atomistic modeling. A thorough explanation of the framework is presented, along with a specific two-dimensional implementation for a model metallic glass. The model is shown to capture the basic behaviors of metallic glasses, including high-temperature homogeneous flow following the expected constitutive law, and low-temperature strain localization into shear bands. Details of the effects of processing and thermal history on the glass structure and properties are also discussed.
Urinary follicle-stimulating hormone peak as a biomarker for estimating the day of ovulation.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as a biomarker for the day of ovulation. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Clinical research center. Patient(s): Thirteen women were monitored with measurements of serum and urinary hormones and ovarian ultrasonography during 20 menstrual cycles. Data on urinary hormones and ultrasound evaluations from a total of 65 menstrual cycles from 42 women were analyzed. Intervention(s): Blood and/or urine samples were collected daily. Daily transvaginal ultrasonography was used to detect follicular collapse. Main Outcome Measure(s): LH, FSH, and E 2 were measured in serum. FSH, estrone conjugates (E1C), and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) were analyzed in urine. The day of luteal transition (DLT) was calculated using two algorithms. Result(s): In 20 cycles, the urinary FSH peak was closer to the day of follicular collapse (−0.85 days) than was the peak day of serum E 2 and the day of luteal transition, as calculated by one algorithm. The FSH peak was not closer to the day of follicular collapse than the peak values of urinary LH, serum FSH, or the day of luteal transition as calculated by a second algorithm. The most consistent correspondence between a hormone peak and ovulation was for serum E 2 , serum FSH, serum LH, and urinary FSH. In 65 cycles for which urinary hormone data and ultrasound evaluations were available, the urinary FSH peak occurred within 1 day of follicular collapse in 97% of cycles. Conclusion(s): Urinary FSH is a useful biomarker for estimating the day of ovulation in population-based studies.
The native GCN4 leucine-zipper domain does not uniquely specify a dimeric oligomerization state

The dimerization domain of the yeast transcription factor GCN4, one of the first coiled-coil proteins to be structurally characterized at high resolution, has served as the basis for numerous fundamental studies on α-helical folding. Mutations in the GCN4 leucine zipper are known to change its preferred oligomerization state from dimeric to trimeric or tetrameric; however, the wild-type sequence has been assumed to encode a two-chain assembly exclusively. Here we demonstrate that the GCN4 coiled-coil domain can populate either a dimer or trimer fold, depending on environment. We report high-resolution crystal structures of the wild-type sequence in dimeric and trimeric assemblies. Biophysical measurements suggest populations of both oligomerization states under certain experimental conditions in solution. We use parallel tempering molecular dynamics simulations on the microsecond time scale to compare the stability of the dimer and trimer folded states in isolation. In total, our results suggest that the folding behavior of the well-studied GCN4 leucine-zipper domain is more complex than was previously appreciated. Our results have implications in ongoing efforts to establish predictive algorithms for coiled-coil folds and the selection of coiled-coil model systems for design and mutational studies where oligomerization state specificity is an important consideration.
Continuous exposure of airway epithelial cells to hydrogen peroxide: protection by KGF.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase permeability in the airway epithelium. Extended periods of oxidant exposure may be experienced by those suffering from chronic inflammation of the lungs, receiving supplemental oxygen, or living in areas with high levels of air pollution. We studied the effects of long-term, continuous exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TER) across cultured monolayers of a transformed cell line of human bronchial epithelial cells, 16HBE14o- (16HBE). A TER perfusion system was employed to continuously monitor the TER without disturbing the tissue model. The TER decreased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing concentrations of H(2)O(2) (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM), regardless of pre-incubation conditions. Cell cultures pre-treated with 50 ng/ml keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) showed a significant delay in oxidant-induced TER decreases caused by 0.1 mM H(2)O(2). Exposure to 0.1 mM H(2)O(2) for 350 min led to disruption of tight junction proteins, ZO-1 and occludin, but KGF treatment prevented this damage. The recovery of epithelial barrier function after exposure to oxidants was also studied. Tissue models exposed to 0.5 mM H(2)O(2) for 25 min showed complete recovery of TER after 20 h, independent of culture pre-treatment. In contrast, KGF pre-incubation enhanced the recovery of 16HBE cultures exposed for 50 min to 0.5 mM H(2)O(2).
Saturation: peripheral or central?

Normally viewed chromatic-plus-white light mixtures are evaluated against central-view fields (haploscopic presentation of the chromatic component to one eye, white component to the other eye, at corresponding points) for red (W29), green (W65), and blue (W48) stimuli and luminance levels from 0.1 to about 300 mL. As evaluated by the central view, saturation and luminance level are shown to interact; differing colors produce disparate results, but all indicate the influence of central factors in our perception of saturation.
Investigation of Gas Phase Species and Deposition of SiO2 Films from HMDSO/O2 Plasmas

SiO x C y H z films are deposited hy radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using a mixture of HMDSO and oxygen as source gases. The gas phase species produced in HMDSO and HMDSO/O 2 plasmas are investigated by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and mass spectrometry (MS). These data reveal that oxygen dilution causes strong dissociation of the HMDSO monomer. The film composition was investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-1R) spectroscopy. Low O 2 dilution (≤50%) results in the deposition of polymer-like SiO x C y H z films while higher O 2 dilution (≥80%) results in the deposition of inorganic SiO 2 -like films. Surface energy measurements show that the SiO 2 films have higher surface energy than the polymer-like SiO x C y H z films. Deposition rates are measured with variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and are strongly dependent on the percentage of O 2 dilution in the feed mixture. Si 2p high-resolution XPS spectra of films deposited in 50 W HMDSO/O 2 plasmas with different gas ratios in the feed.
On the Design of Matched Equalizers of Prescribed Gain Versus Frequency Profiles

Design equations are derived for matched microstrip equalizers which provide a specified gain at three passband frequencies and present a good match to both source and load. Design examples compare measured results to theoretical predictions, and the application of matched equalizers to microwave amplifier design is discussed.
Known Interference Cancellation: Resolving Collisions Due to Repeated Transmissions

Reception of duplicate packets by a node in a wireless network is a common occurrence. Reasons for repeated transmissions range from broadcast flooding to multicast streaming to unicast forwarding. These repeated transmissions may also get involved in collisions like other original transmissions. We argue that when one of the colliding packets is previously overheard, its interference can be cancelled to decode the other packet. In other words, when a receiver overhears a packet, it becomes effectively immune to the interference caused by the packet's subsequent transmission. We refer to this as known interference cancellation (KIC). In this paper, we identify the scenarios in which KIC is applicable. We then implement KIC on USRP/GnuRadio testbed to demonstrate its feasibility and conduct QualNet simulations to illustrate its potential performance gain.
FIELD ION MICROSCOPE STUDIES OF PLANAR FAULTS

A perfect dislocation, i.e., its Burgers vector is a unit translation in the lattice, can dissociate into two or more partial dislocations separated by widths of stacking faults. The prerequisite for such a dissociation is that a mechanically stable new configuration should be available. The dissociation reaction leads to a lowering of the elastic energy of the perfect dislocation. This is balanced, however, by the increase in misfit energy in the plane. Several books on dislocations give an excellent treatment of these ideas.1
Conserved characteristics of the rhabdovirus nucleoprotein.

Abstract Rhabdovirus is a negative strand RNA virus that packages a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. The RNP is composed of a genome that is encapsidated completely by the nucleoprotein (N). Structural comparisons of the RNA–nucleoprotein complexes from two members, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and rabies virus (RABV), revealed highly conserved characteristics of folding, RNA binding, and assembly despite their lack of significant homology in amino acid sequence. The RNA binding cavity is located between two conserved domains formed by α-helices, but the positively charged residues that coordinate with the phosphate groups are at different sites. The intermolecular interactions among N molecules have a conserved pattern that is rendered, however, by different residues. The curvature of the RABV N–RNA complex in the crystal structure is larger than that of the VSV N–RNA complex. The more relaxed curvature allows the bases in the RNA to stack more tightly, and at the same time, the helices near the C-terminus move into the created space in order to cover the bound RNA. This may explain how the RNP can adopt different conformations from being packed as a superhelix in the virion to a relaxed linear structure once being delivered into the cytoplasm.
Some aspects of the development of sex differences in DRL behavior

Adult female rats acquired efficient DRL performance more rapidly than males. This sex difference was not observed in rats that began training as weanlings because both young males and females acquired efficient DRL performance about as rapidly as adult females and more rapidly than adult males. Although it is possible that proficiency on the DRL task declines with age in males, differences in the effortfulness of the response or the incentive value of the reward may explain the observed age difference.
Nonlinear torsional flexings in a periodically forced suspended beam

Abstract This paper considers periodic flexing in a suspended beam, in the presence of small periodic forcing terms in the torsional and vertical components. The beam is considered as a vibrating beam with the hinged-end boundary conditions, in the presence of an additional restoring force due to suspension from cables, a force which becomes zero as soon as the suspending cables lose tension. The equation is therefore nonlinear. Numerical evidence is presented, which shows that the large-amplitude solutions as well as small linear solutions can occur for the same periodic forcing term over a wide range of frequency and amplitude.
Diyttrium: evidence for a 5∑u− ground state from pulsed-field ionizationzero electron kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations

Abstract Diyttrium has been studied by one-photon pulsed-field ionization-zero electron kinetic energy (PFI-ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations. A spectrum consisting of 14 vibronic bands has been recorded at a resolution of ca. 0.5 cm −1 in the 39 880–40 840 cm −1 region. This spectrum is consistent with a X 4 ∑ g − -X 5 ∑ u − transition, in accord with the results of density functional calculations and earlier ab initio calculations. Both states suffer from extensive second — order spin-orbit interactions which produce a splitting of 210 cm −1 in the X 4 ∑ g − state and 68 cm −1 between the Ω = 2 and Ω = 0 spinorbit components of the X 5 ∑ u − state. These splittings serve to locate the perturbing 2 ∑ g + and 3 ∑ u states. The ionization potential, measured by the X 4 ∑ 1,2,g − -X 5 ∑ 0,u − (0,0) band, is determined to be 40 131(2) cm −1 . The vibrational frequencies have been determined to be 197(2) cm −1 for the X 4 ∑ g − state and 185(2) cm −1 for the X 5 ∑ u − state. The results of density functional calculations using the Amsterdam density functional (ADF) and Gaussian 92 codes are compared with experimental data and earlier ab initio results.
Self-dual cones in Hilbert space

Abstract Self-dual orderings of Hilbert spaces are defined and a structure theory is developed. As an application it is shown that a projection π is in the commuting algebra of a “nice” topological group iff π and I — π leave the cone of L 2 positive definite functions invariant.
Brief Report: Adaptive Behavior and Cognitive Skills for Toddlers on the Autism Spectrum

This study examined adaptive behavior and cognitive skills for 125 toddlers on the autism spectrum using the recently updated Vineland-II and Bayley-III. Delays in adaptive skills were apparent at 2 years of age. As a group, toddlers on the autism spectrum had a profile of Vineland-II standard scores in which Motor Skills > Daily Living Skills > Socialization > Communication. Vineland-II scores were significantly correlated with Bayley-III Cognitive scores. Performance on the ADOS was significantly negatively correlated with Bayley-III Cognitive standard scores and standard scores in the Daily Living Skills and Communication domains of the Vineland-II. However, calibrated ADOS scores did not contribute significant variance to Vineland-II scores beyond that predicted by age and Bayley-III scores.
Real-space multigrid-based approach to large-scale electronic structure calculations

We describe a set of techniques for performing large scale ab initio calculations using multigrid accelerations and a real-space grid as a basis. The multigrid methods provide effective convergence acceleration and preconditioning on all length scales, thereby permitting efficient calculations for ill-conditioned systems with long length scales or high energy cutoffs. We discuss specific implementations of multigrid and real-space algorithms for electronic structure calculations, including an efficient multigrid-accelerated solver for Kohn-Sham equations, compact yet accurate discretization schemes for the Kohn-Sham and Poisson equations, optimized pseudopotentials for real-space calculations, efficacious computation of ionic forces, and a complex-wave-function implementation for arbitrary sampling of the Brillouin zone. A particular strength of a real-space multigrid approach is its ready adaptability to massively parallel computer architectures, and we present an implementation for the Cray-T3D with essentially linear scaling of the execution time with the number of processors. The method has been applied to a variety of periodic and nonperiodic systems, including disordered Si, a N impurity in diamond, AlN in the wurtzite structure, and bulk Al. The high accuracy of the atomic forces allows for large step molecular dynamics; e.g., in a 1-ps simulation of Si at 1100 K with an ionic step of 80 a.u., the total energy was conserved within 27 \ensuremath{\mu}eV per atom. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Predicting parenting practices from maternal and adolescent sons' personality

We investigated interrelations among maternal and adolescent personality, and parenting practices that have been implicated in the development of disruptive behavior problems. Participants were 174 mothers and their sons age 11–16 years. Mothers and adolescents each reported on their own personalities and maternal parenting practices. Significant correlations were found between parenting practices and both maternal and adolescent personality. Personality scales assessing Positive Temperament domain traits predicted positive—but not negative—parenting; Negative Temperament domain traits and mothers’ Disinhibition-related traits did the reverse, and sons’ Disinhibition-related traits predicted both positive and negative parenting. Both maternal and adolescent personality significantly predicted all parenting practices. Adolescent personality moderated relations between maternal personality and three parenting dimensions: Positive Parenting, Poor Monitoring/Supervision, and Corporal Punishment.
Analysis of Streamflow Trends and the Effects of Climate in Pennsylvania, 1971 TO 2001

: An understanding of temporal trends in total stream-flow (TSF), base flow (BF), and storm runoff (RO) can help in the development of water management plans for watersheds and local communities. In this study, 47 streams across Pennsylvania that were unregulated and unaffected by karst environments or coal mining were studied for flow trends and their relationships to selected climate parameters for the period 1971 to 2001. LOWESS curves for annual flow showed that almost all of the selected streams in Pennsylvania had downward trends in total TSF, BF, and RO. Using a seasonal Mann-Kendall analysis, downward trends were significant at an α= 0.05 level for 68, percent 70 percent, and 62 percent of the streams and at an α= 0.10 level for another 19, 17, and 13 percent of the streams for TSF, BF, and RO, respectively. The ratio of BF to TSF (RBS) had significant upward trends for 34 percent of the streams at an α= 0.05 level and for another 9 percent of the streams at an α= 0.10 level, indicating that TSF decreased relative to BF for more than 40 percent of the streams during the previous 30 years. Downward trends in TSF, BF, and RO were most common for the months of June, July, and December. Trend analyses using monthly and annual total precipitation and mean temperature showed some association between climate and the streamflow trends, but Spearman's correlation and partial Mann-Kendall analyses revealed that the trends in TSF, BF, and RO could not be explained by trends in precipitation and temperature alone, and thus urbanization and development may have played a role.
Emerging techniques and technologies in brain tumor imaging

The purpose of this report is to describe the state of imaging techniques and technologies for detecting response of brain tumors to treatment in the setting of multicenter clinical trials. Within currently used technologies, implementation of standardized image acquisition and the use of volumetric estimates and subtraction maps are likely to help to improve tumor visualization, delineation, and quantification. Upon further development, refinement, and standardization, imaging technologies such as diffusion and perfusion MRI and amino acid PET may contribute to the detection of tumor response to treatment, particularly in specific treatment settings. Over the next few years, new technologies such as 2(3)Na MRI and CEST imaging technologies will be explored for their use in expanding the ability to quantitatively image tumor response to therapies in a clinical trial setting.
The relationship of human figure drawings to aggressive behavior in preschool children

The adequacy of the Human Figure Drawing (HFD) as a diagnostic instrument for differentiating aggressive and nonaggressive behavior in 4-to 5-year-old children was examined. Two groups of children, an aggressive group (n = 16) and a nonaggressive group (n = 16), were formed on the basis of teacher ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist. The groups were compared across seven indicators from the Koppitz (1968) HFD system hypothesized to identify aggressive children. Additionally, 10 clinical judges attempted to sort the drawings into the two groups (aggressive and non-aggressive) based on their own experience with HFDs. It was found that the HFD, whether scored by the Koppitz system or by clinical raters, was not a valid instrument for differentiating aggressive and nonaggressive children in this age group. The probable reason for the inadequacy of the HFD as a measure of maladjustment in preschool-age children is that their lack of developmental maturity in cognition and in visual-motor coordination impacts their drawing capabilities. Implications of these findings for the use of HFDs with 4- and 5-year-old children are discussed.
Family Caregiver Identity: A Literature Review

Background: Despite the multitude of available resources, family caregivers of those with chronic disease continually underutilize support services to cope with the demands of caregiving. Several studies have linked self-identification as a caregiver to the increased likelihood of support service use. Purpose: The present study reviewed the literature related to the development of family caregiver identity. Methods: After a systematic process to locate literature was completed, content analysis was conducted to determine major themes related to the development of caregiving identity. Results: Findings suggest that there are multiple factors related to the development of family caregiver identity, including role engulfment and reversal, loss of shared identity, family obligation and gender norming, extension of the former role, and development of a master identity. Discussion: Considering the role of identity in human behavior, health professionals can address the underutilization of support services by fa...
CA2-02: Identification of Prognostic Tumor Markers in HIV+ Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

Background/Aims About half of HIV+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients die within 2 years of diagnosis. Identification of prognostic tumor markers may assist clinical risk stratification and inform therapeutic developments. We examined if certain tumor markers in HIV+ DLBCL are associated with mortality.
Characterizing the impact of predicated execution on branch prediction

Branch instructions are recognized as a major impediment to exploiting instruction level parallelism. Even with sophisticated branch prediction techniques, many frequently executed branches remain difficult to predict. An architecture supporting predicated execution may allow the compiler to remove many of these hard-to-predict branches, reducing the number of branch mispredictions and thereby improving performance. We present an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of those branches which are frequently mispredicted and examine the effectiveness of an advanced compiler to eliminate these branches. Over the benchmarks studied, an average of 27% of the dynamic branches and 56% of the dynamic branch mispredictions are eliminated with predicated execution support.
An Exploratory Investigation of Marital Functioning and Order of Spousal Onset in Couples Concordant for Psychopathology

Individuals with a psychiatric disorder are significantly more likely to have a spouse with a clinical diagnosis—marital concordance. We used a community sample of 304 couples concordant for either Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) to examine the relationship between marital functioning and gendered patterns of mental health diagnosis onset. For SUD concordance, couples in which wives onset before husbands—in spite of typical later onset for males—reported lower levels of marital satisfaction compared to couples in which the husband onset first. For MDD concordance, couples in which husbands onset with depression before wives—in spite of typical later onset for males—reported lower levels of marital satisfaction. These results suggest that for couples concordant for mental diagnoses, it is most problematic for marital functioning for one partner to have an atypically early onset. Implications for treatment targets in marital therapy are discussed.
Interpretive Reading of Two Maidenform Bra Advertising Campaigns

Students studying advertising can benefit from developing an historical appreciation of advertisements that were important in earlier times, as they are apt to mirror the society from which they em...
Possible involvement of abscisic acid in senescence of daylily petals

Daylily flowers (Hemerocallis hybrid, cv. Stella d'Oro) senesce and die autonomously over a 24 h period after opening. Investigations were performed to determine some of the mechanisms that lead to death of the petals. The flowers are insensitive to ethylene, but exogenous ABA prematurely upregulates events that occur during natural senescence, such as loss of differential membrane permeability, increases in lipid peroxidation and the induction of proteinase and RNase activities. Furthermore, the same patterns of proteinase and RNase activities appearing on activity gels during natural senescence are induced prematurely by ABA. The mRNA profile from ABA-treated, prematurely senescing petals visualized by differential display shows a high degree of similarity to the mRNA profile of naturally senescing petals 18 h later. In addition, endogenous ABA increases before flower opening and continues to increase during petal senescence. An osmotic stress by sorbitol increases endogenous levels of ABA and upregulates the same parameters of senescence as those occurring during natural senescence and after application of ABA. The mRNA profile from sorbitol-treated, prematurely senescing petals shows a high degree of similarity to mRNA from naturally senescing petals, but somewhat less similarity to mRNA from ABA-treated petals. The possibility is discussed that ABA is a constituent of the signal transduction chain leading to programmed cell death of daylily petals.
Development of functional nanofibrous membrane assemblies towards biological sensing

A novel research approach was investigated that has the potential to improve sample preparation for complex matrices. Generation of high surface area nanofibrous membranes with covalently attached molecular recognition elements for selective capture of target biological agents were developed using the electrospinning fabrication technique. Two types of electrospun capture membranes were fabricated containing either carboxyl (COOH) or amine (NH2) functional groups for covalent attachment of antibodies. The carboxyl functional membrane was produced by electrospinning polyvinyl chloride (PVC) formulated to be 1.8% carboxylated. The amine functional membrane was made by coelectrospinning two polymers, water-soluble polyamine and water insoluble polyurethane. Linking of molecular recognition groups, antibodies, to the carboxylated PVC was performed using established crosslinking chemistries. Antigen/antibody experiments were tested on the electrospun membranes. Results showed that electrospun membranes, treated with a secondary antibody used as the analyte, reacted only with its complement as indicated with a chemiluminescent signal. Toxin studies with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) were conducted using avidin/biotin chemistries on the electrospun membranes. Experiments were performed using a modified ELISA sandwich assay on the fibrous membranes in the following configuration: avidin–biotinylated SEB antibody–SEB toxin–SEB antibody–HRP. Results have shown that 1–100 ng/ml concentrations of toxin were detected using a chemiluminescent signal detection scheme. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
CD4+ and CD8+ T cell interactions in IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses to viral infections: requirements for IL-2.

Cytokine responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections were evaluated, and CD8 + T cell, CD4 + T cell, and IL-2 contributions delineated. In immunocompetent mice, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus induced both IFN-γ and IL-4 as well as IL-2. Experiments in mice either β 2 -microglobulin-deficient, lacking MHC class I molecules and CD8 + T cells, or Aβ b -deficient, lacking MHC class II molecules and CD4 + T cells, demonstrated that mixtures of T cell responses were required for optimal ex vivo cytokine productions. Intracellular cytokine expression analyses of cells from immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice showed that CD8 + T cells were predominant IFN-γ producers, and that expansion of CD8 + T cells primed to make IFN-γ was independent of CD4 + T cells in vivo. Studies in IL-2-deficient mice demonstrated that this cytokine promoted IFN-γ and IL-4 responses, and ex vivo experiments showed that exogenous IL-2 was required to maintain high-level IFN-γ production by in vivo-primed CD8 + T cells. Conditions associated with cytokine decreases were accompanied by reduced detectable plasma Ab responses. The results indicate that, although IL-2-dependent CD8 + T cell proliferation does not require endogenous CD4 + T cells, IL-2 production by the CD4 + T cells may promote continued cytokine release from activated CD8 + T cells. By defining these critical steps in cellular and cytokine interactions for shaping endogenous immune responses, the studies advance understanding of the unique conditions regulating CD8 + T cell responses to viral challenges.
1994 Theodore Von Karman Lecture - Minimax Controller Design

Recent research in control theory has centered on worst case design, i. e. determining controller parameters that minimize some cost measure for the ‘worst’ inputs. If the worst inputs are defined as those that maximize the cost, the designer is faced with a minimaz design problem, since the worst inputs depend on the controller design and the best controller design depends on the inputs. A controller is said to be robust if it is designed to handle all of the anticipated (a) external disturbances and sensor errors, and (b) variations of the plant parameters. This paper reviews current controller design methods and offers (a) a new minimax amplitude performance measure, and (b) a new minimax method for modifying controllers to make them robust to plant parameter variations. Newly available software is discussed that has made it easier to solve minimax problems.
Phenol Sensing by Escherichia coli Chemoreceptors: a Nonclassical Mechanism

The four transmembrane chemoreceptors of Escherichia coli sense phenol as either an attractant (Tar) or a repellent (Tap, Trg, and Tsr). In this study, we investigated the Tar determinants that mediate its attractant response to phenol and the Tsr determinants that mediate its repellent response to phenol. Tar molecules with lesions in the aspartate-binding pocket of the periplasmic domain, with a foreign periplasmic domain (from Tsr or from several Pseudomonas chemoreceptors), or lacking nearly the entire periplasmic domain still mediated attractant responses to phenol. Similarly, Tar molecules with the cytoplasmic methylation and kinase control domains of Tsr still sensed phenol as an attractant. Additional hybrid receptors with signaling elements from both Tar and Tsr indicated that the transmembrane (TM) helices and HAMP domain determined the sign of the phenol-sensing response. Several amino acid replacements in the HAMP domain of Tsr, particularly attractant-mimic signaling lesions at residue E248, converted Tsr to an attractant sensor of phenol. These findings suggest that phenol may elicit chemotactic responses by diffusing into the cytoplasmic membrane and perturbing the structural stability or position of the TM bundle helices, in conjunction with structural input from the HAMP domain. We conclude that behavioral responses to phenol, and perhaps to temperature, cytoplasmic pH, and glycerol, as well, occur through a general sensing mechanism in chemoreceptors that detects changes in the structural stability or dynamic behavior of a receptor signaling element. The structurally sensitive target for phenol is probably the TM bundle, but other behaviors could target other receptor elements.
Using amplifiers with poor linearity to linearize amplifiers with good linearity

A new linearization method is presented where a device with poor linearity is combined with a second device having good linearity. The resulting composite device has much better linearity than the two original devices. The new method is applicable to both receivers and transmitters, and is implemented as an integrated circuit without external components. Third order intermodulation distortion is canceled by appropriate design of the gains and intercept points of two amplifiers. Finally, hardware test data is presented both for an integrated circuit prototype and for a prototype using off-the-shelf amplifiers.
Runx1, c-Myb, and C/EBPα couple differentiation to proliferation or growth arrest during hematopoiesis

Immature hematopoietic precursors proliferate as they differentiate, whereas terminal differentiation is associated with cell cycle arrest. Stem cell lineage commitment and subseqent maturation is regulated predominantly by transcription factors. Runx1 and c-Myb act in early stage hematopoietic cells to both stimulate proliferation and differentiation, whereas C/EBPalpha, and perhaps other C/EBP family members, block progression from G1 to S and induce terminal maturation. Coupling of differentiation to either proliferation or growth arrest by transcription factors is likely an important regulatory mechanism in multiple developmental systems.
Comparisons of zinc with cadmium in N2S2 coordination and as S-bonded adducts to tungsten carbonyls

The synthesis and characterization of bis-mercaptoethanediazaheptane cadmium(II) is reported and compared to the analogous zinc complex. Of significance is the dimeric form of the [Zn(N2S2)]2 complex achieves penta-coordination about zinc through a bridging thiolate whereas cadmium engages two thiolate as S-bridges resulting in hexa-coordination about cadmium within a coordination polymer whose X-ray crystal structure is reported here. In the presence of W(CO)5, this polymer breaks up, generating dimeric [Cd(N2S2)]2 with two W(CO)5 units appended to the terminal thiolates, a feat that is not observed for the zinc dimer analogue. The greater thiophilicity of cadmium over zinc is noted in several features of these complexes.
Advances in the diagnosis and management of human viral hepatitis

Virologists theorize that the human hepatitis viruses have existed for longer than 2500 years [1]; however, technology was not sophisticated enough to identify the first human hepatitis virus in a cell culture until 1979 [1]. Since that time, the science of hepatology has identified several types of viral hepatitis including hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), hepatitis F virus (HFV), hepatitis G virus (HGV), and the newly discovered transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) [2]. Undoubtedly, in the future, virologists will identify many more hepatitis viruses yet undiscovered. Hepatitis is defined as an inflammation of the liver in which diffuse or patchy necrosis causes damage to the liver acini, resulting in destruction of the organ’s architecture [3]. A multitude of etiologic agents are responsible for hepatitis. Most hepatitis is of viral origin; Box 1 [4] illustrates the major causes of this disease, with a few examples listed in each category. The signs, symptoms, and stages of viral hepatitis vary greatly. Patients infected with hepatitis types A through G and TTV may be totally asymptomatic. When symptoms are experienced, they are often described as flulike. The signs and symptoms may include one or any combination of the following: fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, joint and muscle pain, anorexia, jaundice, hepatomegaly, abdominal and gastric distention, dark urine, fatigue, bruising, rash, and chills [2,3].
Latent mobility of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

PURPOSE To describe the property of latent mobility in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) and discuss its clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective case series of 14 patients with 14 painful osteoporotic VCFs who were comfortably confined to the supine position overnight for the purpose of vertebral height restoration. There was sufficient additional vertebral height restoration the following morning to allow percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) in some patients when this had initially been deemed unsafe or technically impossible. Anterior vertebral height of the index VCF was measured from the preoperative standing lateral, immediate cross-table supine lateral, and postconfinement cross-table supine lateral radiographs as well as the first postoperative standing lateral radiograph. Dynamic mobility was defined as the difference in anterior vertebral height between preoperative standing lateral and immediate cross-table supine lateral radiographs. Latent mobility was defined as difference in anterior vertebral height between immediate cross-table supine lateral and postconfinement cross-table supine lateral radiographs. Postoperative vertebral height restoration was defined as the difference in anterior vertebral height between preoperative and first postoperative standing lateral radiographs. Mean patient age was 81.0 years, and mean fracture age was 83.6 days. RESULTS Dynamic mobility averaged +4.7 mm (range, −2.1 to +12.6 mm; P = .001). Latent mobility averaged +2.7 mm (range, −1.9 to +15.5; P P P > .4). PV was successfully accomplished in all cases. CONCLUSIONS Latent mobility occurs in some VCFs and contributes to vertebral height restoration. Recognition of latent mobility may permit vertebroplasty in some patients in whom the procedure had otherwise been deemed unsafe. Reports of vertebral height restoration following vertebral augmentation should account for that proportion resulting from dynamic and latent mobility.
The Ethical Individual: An Historical Alternative to Contemporary Conceptions of the Self

In this article I offer an historically situated model of the self as an alternative to liberal, communitarian, and Foucauldian conceptions. Through the example of John Milton, I show that the conscience gave rise to a self that was jointly individual and ethical. By participating in public debates at the behest of his conscience, Milton recognized himself as an individual possessor of moral authority. Conscience thus liberated Milton from traditional identifications and beliefs as it bound him to act for his society. The self founded on conscience therefore differs from both communitarian and liberal variants. Moreover, whereas conscience in the Foucauldian account renders the self docile, it empowers the self in my account. I conclude that the self predicated on conscience challenges the divisions between private and public realms, self-regarding and prosocial actions, and self-creating and culturally determined persons.