cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discrete and continuum methods for numerical simulations of non‐linear wave propagation in discontinuous media

The main objective of this paper is to develop a methodology to model dynamic loading of various discontinuous media. Two methods for modeling non-linear waves in a media with multiple discontinuities are considered. The first one, a discrete method, is based on the Simple Common Plane contact algorithm. This method can be applied both to compliant contacts characterized by finite thickness and elastic moduli (such as joints in geomechanics) as well as to non-compliant frictional contacts traditionally described by the slide lines in finite element/finite difference codes. The second one, a continuum method, assumes that the contacts are not compliant and can be modeled as one or several weakness planes cutting through the elements of the computational mesh. Both discrete and continuum methods described in the paper can be applied to derive equivalent continuum properties for media with multiple discontinuities. An example of such application for a randomly jointed media is given in the paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationships between psychological climate perceptions and work outcomes: a meta-analytic review

Summary In this study, meta-analytic procedures were used to examine the relationships between individual-level (psychological) climate perceptions and work outcomes such as employee attitudes, psychological well-being, motivation, and performance. Our review of the literature generated 121 independent samples in which climate perceptions were measured and analyzed at the individual level. These studies document considerable confusion regarding the constructs of psychological climate, organizational climate, and organizational culture and reveal a need for researchers to use terminology that is consistent with their level of measurement, theory, and analysis. Our meta-analytic findings indicate that psychological climate, operationalized as individuals’ perceptions of their work environment, does have significant relationships with individuals’ work attitudes, motivation, and performance. Structural equation modeling analyses of the meta-analytic correlation matrix indicated that the relationships of psychological climate with employee motivation and performance are fully mediated by employees’ work attitudes. We also found that the James and James (1989) PCg model could be extended to predict the impact of work environment perceptions on employee attitudes, motivation, and performance. Despite the number of published individual-level climate studies that we found, there is a need for more research using standardized measures so as to enable analyses of the organizational and contextual factors that might moderate the effects of psychological climate perceptions. Finally, we argue for a molar theory of psychological climate that is rooted in the psychological processes by which individuals make meaning or their work experiences. Copyright # 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self-reports on the Eating Disorder Inventory by female aerobic instructors.

This study examined the possibility of earing disorders in 30 female aerobic dance instructors. All subjects completed a biographical questionnaire and the Eating Disorder Inventory. The results showed that the aerobic instructors yielded scores which were comparable to similarly aged female weight lifters but tended to be lower than those of women distance runners (also of similar age). Interestingly, 23% (n = 7) of the subjects reported a previous history of bulimia and 17% (n = 5) reported a previous history of anorexia. Thus, 40% of the instructors indicated a previous experience with eating disorders. Based on all 30 participants, the mean scores associated with Body Dissatisfaction, Drive for Thinness, Ineffectiveness, and Perfectionism were quite comparable to those previously established for anorexic groups. In addition, a relatively high percentage of the sample yielded scores which were actually greater than mean values associated with anorexia patients on nine of the 11 sub-scales. Based on the...
Female grooming markets in a population of gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena)

Primate female allogrooming models based on biological markets theory predict that grooming is “time matched” within bouts, that is, the amount of time the first female grooms predicts the amount of time the second one grooms. The models also predict that when female-female contest competition is weak, grooming is traded for grooming, but when female-female contest competition is strong, grooming may be traded for other commodities such as feeding tolerance, and grooming discrepancy between members of dyads is rank related. We tested these predictions using data collected from adult and subadult female gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) (N = 26) in 5 groups in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We found that, overall, females reciprocated in 33% of grooming bouts. Among reciprocated bouts, females in all 5 groups showed time matching. In 2 groups, we also found rank-related grooming discrepancies but showing opposite patterns to each other. Consistent with predictions based on biological markets theory, these groups may have been under greater feeding competition, revealed more by adjustments in ranging behavior than increased agonistic rates. Although these results support current allogrooming models, they also suggest that the models may become more robust if the influence of scramble competition is incorporated. In addition, they emphasize the flexibility and dynamic nature of female competitive relationships within the same population of primates.
The First Weeklong Technical Writers’ Institute and Its Impact:

Rensselaer’s Technical Writers’ Institute, the first program of its kind, had a profound impact on technical communication. It enabled technical communicators without formal education in the field to gain important knowledge, provided a forum for communicators from different industries to meet in order to solve mutual problems, played a key role in defining the field and its needs, encouraged recruitment (including the hiring of more women), promoted professional societies and formal degree programs, and seriously affected industry training programs by enabling them to use institute teaching materials. Knowledge gained through the Technical Writers’ Institute enabled Rensselaer to develop many other innovations.
Anatomical nomenclature: homology, standardization and datasets

Strictly homology-based character names have the benefit of a consistent, evolutionary basis but must overcome practical problems in terms of the function that names serve as tools for communication. Character names should be fixed at the level of primary (rather than secondary) homology in order to maintain nomenclatural stability between competing phylogenies and to allow characters to potentially re-optimize with the addition of data. Inconsistent rules determine the priority of names for anatomical structures, in marked contrast to the stability and clarity provided by Codes for taxonomic nomenclature. Standardized anatomical nomenclature is amenable to a web-based, ontology-driven framework. Imagery and associated metadata linked to phylogenetic datasets facilitate character documentation, nomenclatural stability, and repeatability without requiring a formal process of typification.
Evaluating a Sword Repurchase Offer: The Case of Tocor Ii

SUBJECT AREAS: Share repurchases, two-tier transactions, warrant valuation, and RD (2) to evaluate atender offer; (3) to explore the valuation of technology, warrants and non-compete agreements; and (4) to discuss the agency conflicts associated with these types of financial arrangements.
A Proposal for the Elimination of the Exclusion for State Bond Interest

A Proposal for the Elimination of the Exclusion for State Bond Interest suggests a novel replacement to § 103 of the Internal Revenue Code that eliminates the inefficiencies and inequities currently created by that provision. Section 103 functions primarily as a federal subsidy to state and local governments by allowing taxpayers to exclude from gross income the interest received from certain state bonds. This article asserts that § 103 should be reformed and proposes a "Credit-Equity" plan to replace the state subsidy currently provided by § 103. It also examines § 103's history, function, and prior proposals for its repeal or change.
A novel hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization regimen, utilizing bortezomib and filgrastim, for patients undergoing autologous transplant

Adequate hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) collection is critical for patients undergoing autologous HPC transplant (AHPCT). Historically, 15 - 30% of patients failed HPC mobilization with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, has been shown to down regulate very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), an adhesion molecule expressed on HPCs. In this pilot study, bortezomib was administered on days -11 and -8 at a dose of 1.3 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SQ), followed by G-CSF 10 mcg/kg SQ, on days -4 to -1 prior to HPC collection (Day 1). Nineteen patients, with multiple myeloma (n = 12) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 7) undergoing AHPCT for the first time, were enrolled. Patients were excluded if they had worse than grade II neuropathy or platelet count less than 100 x 109 /L. Bortezomib was well tolerated and all patients had adequate HPC collections with no mobilization failures. One patient (6%) had a CD34+ cell count of 3.9 cells/µL on Day 1 and received plerixafor per institutional algorithm. Eleven patients completed HPC collection in 1 day and eight in 2 days. All patients underwent AHPCT and had timely neutrophil and platelet engraftment. Comparison with a historical control group of 70 MM and lymphoma patients, who were mobilized with G-CSF, showed significantly higher CD 34+ cells/kg collected in the bortezomib mobilization study group. Bortezomib plus G-CSF is an effective HPC mobilizing regimen worth investigating further in subsequent studies. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:559-563, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Obstetrician Attitudes, Experience, and Knowledge of Planned Home Birth: An Exploratory Study

Background The incidence of planned home birth is increasing in the United States. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists acknowledges a woman's right to make an informed choice about place of delivery, including home birth. This exploratory study measures obstetricians' attitudes, experiences, and knowledge about planned home birth, identifies associations between these factors, and compares obstetricians' responses in Ohio to those in Arizona and New Mexico. Methods A survey about attitudes, experiences, and knowledge of planned home birth was distributed to obstetricians in Ohio, Arizona, and New Mexico. Attitude and knowledge scores were calculated for each respondent and used to evaluate associations through linear regression. Attitude and knowledge scores in states that have regulation of direct entry midwives (Arizona and New Mexico) were compared to a state which does not (Ohio). Results Obstetricians in all three states reported little experience and knowledge of planned home birth and overall negative attitudes. Obstetricians with stronger knowledge did not differ in their attitudes from those with less knowledge. No statistically significant differences were found when comparing attitude and knowledge scores in Ohio to Arizona and New Mexico, but Ohio obstetricians responded most negatively to the attitude questions. Conclusions Obstetricians have limited knowledge and experience and hold very negative attitudes about planned home birth. Research is necessary to determine: 1) whether negative obstetrician attitudes would be modified by exposure to home birth education and experience, and, 2) whether negative obstetrician beliefs deter safe and timely transfer from home or compromise hospital care for transferred parturients.
Lumbar subdural cerebrospinal fluid collection with acute cauda equina syndrome after posterior fossa decompression for Chiari malformation Type I: case report

This report describes the circumstances of a patient with a cauda equina syndrome due to the development of a lumbar subdural CSF collection with ventral displacement of the cauda equina shortly following posterior fossa decompression for Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I). This unusual, but clinically significant, complication was successfully treated with percutaneous drainage of the extraarachnoid CSF collection. Although there are a few cases of intracranial subdural hygroma developing after surgery for CM-I, often attributed to a pinhole opening in the arachnoid, as far as the authors can determine, a spinal subdural hygroma associated with surgery for CM-I has not been recognized.
Intervention effect study on unsafe factors in general surgery nursing

Objective To analyze the unsafe factors and solution in general surgery nursing. Methods Forty nurses in our hospital were selected, they were divided into observation group which was given intervention measures training and control group which was not given training, the results of two groups were compared and analyzed. Results The rate of bad behavior nursing in observation group was lower, and the satisfaction rate was higher than that of control group. Conclusion Carrying out interventions for unsafe factors can improve health care quality.
GC Determination of Residual Amounts of Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Pesticides in Vegetables with QuEChERS

Gas chromatography was applied to the determination of residual amounts of 30 organophosphorus pesticides and 7 pyrethroid pesticides in vegetables with sample pre-treatment by QuEChERS method.The pesticides were separated from vegetable samples by extraction with acetonitrile and the extract was purified by dispersive-SPE.After centrifugation,2 aliquots(2 mL each) of the supernatant were taken and evaporated to dryness by N2-blowing,and the residues were taken up with 0.5 mL of dichloromethane and n-hexane separately,which were used for separation on HP-5MS chromatographic column.Flame photometric detector was used in the determination for organophosphorus pesticides and electron capture detector was used in the determination for pyrethroid pesticides.Linearity ranges for the 30 organophosphorus pesticides were found same between 0.05-1.0 mg·L-1 with detection limits(3S/N) in the range of 0.003 7-0.015 7 mg·kg-1;linearity ranges for the pyrethroid pesticides were same between 0.02-0.5 mg·L-1 with detection limits(3S/N) in the range of 0.000 3-0.001 7 mg·kg-1.Recovery was tested at 2 different concentration levels and values of recovery found were ranged from 81.2% to 104.7% with RSD′s(n=6) in the range from 3.0% to 11.4%.
Genetic programming based method for predicting the inland-wetland water conservation capacity——A case study on Wolonghu Wetland

Based on the analysis of the concept and its connotation of water reservation amount in wetland,a new method is proposed for modeling the change of WA in wetland by using the so-called genetic programming(GP) approach.Taking the Wolonghu Wetland,the biggest inland wetland in Liaoning Province,as a case study,the authors set up the prediction model of its annual water reservation amount by using 14 successive years of meteorologic and hydrological data scenarios.The precipitation and evaporation data have also been used as the input variable and WAA data as the output variable after systematic analysis and determination of parameters.In order to guarantee the precision of the GP model,we have divided the data scenarios of meteorology and hydrology into two categories,respectively.In the model validation phase,it is recommended to use the first category of 11 successive annual meteorological and hydrological data scenarios(from 1993 to 2003) for the model establishment,while the other category of 3 successive annual data(from 2004 to 2006) can be used for the model testing.The results of our prediction show that the average relative error during the validation phase is about 8.2% and during the testing phase,the relative errors are 8.5%,9.6% and 10.3%,respectively,which can be said to come to the need of the management of the wetland protection.Therefore,the method can be said of great significance for managing wetland ecosystem protection projects and rational allocation of the regional water resources.
Further studies on pachytene pairing failure in maize

Pairing failure in pachytene chromosomes was studied against a genetically constant background. Very significant negative correlations were found between total chromosome length per cell on the one hand and number of terminal pairing failures and their total extent (per cent length) on the other, and between number of terminal failures and their average extent (per cent length). No significant correlation was found, however, between total chromosome length per cell and the average extent (per cent length) of pairing failure. If the pairing failures are dissociations increasing in extent and number during the pachytene stage studied, the simplest reconciliation of the results requires that the average rate of their extension be roughly proportional to total chromosome length or that certain constants be related to each other as described. An alternate interpretation, that the pairing failures were present before pachytene and that chromosomes are shortening faster in cells containing them, is favored by the findings that heterogeneity is low between anthers in number of failures per cell and that no significant correlation was found between anthers in total chromosome length and number of pairing failures. The possibility is also discussed that the pairing failures are a complex combination of both initial synaptic failure and later dissociation.
Improving health manpower: a global perspective.

The term "manpower" is a broad term and it essentially stands for what economics call "labor."1 From the macro point of view, Le.9 from the point of view of the society as a whole, this term includes all those available to work. From the micro or organizational point of view, it includes all those who work in the organization. "Management" refers to the process by which a system attempts to achieve its desired goals. This process entails five major activities:
Redetermination of ruizite, Ca2Mn3+2[Si4O11(OH)2](OH)2·2H2O

The crystal structure of ruizite, ideally Ca2Mn3+2[Si4O11(OH)2](OH)2·2H2O [dicalcium dimanganese(III) tetra­silicate tetra­hydroxide dihydrate] was first determined in space group A2 with an isotropic displacement parameter model (R = 5.6%) [Hawthorne (1984). Tschermaks Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 33, 135–146]. A subsequent refinement in space group C2/m with anisotropic displacement parameters for non-H atoms converged with R = 8.4% [Moore et al. (1985). Am. Mineral. 70, 171–181]. The current study reports a redetermination of the ruizite structure by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data of a natural sample from the Wessels mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Our data (R1 = 3.0%) confirm that the space group of ruizite is that of the first study rather than C2/m. This work improves upon the structure reported by Hawthorne (1984) in that all non-H atoms were refined with anisotropic displacement parameters and all hydrogen atoms were located. The crystal structure consists of [010] chains of edge-sharing MnO6 octa­hedra flanked by finite [Si4O11(OH)2] chains. The Ca2+ cations are situated in the cavities of this arrangement and exhibit a coordination number of seven.
Abstract P339: Glycemic Excursions and Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Diabetes

Introduction: The association between glucose excursions and cognitive function in older adults with diabetes is not well described. 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a novel biomarker of hyperglycemic excursions. Low 1,5-AG levels reflect blood glucose concentrations exceeding the renal filtration threshold (~180 mg/dl) over the prior 1-2 weeks. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that glucose excursions, as measured by 1,5-AG, were associated with lower cognitive function in older adults with diabetes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2000 participants with diabetes from ARIC visit 5 (2011-2013). Diabetes was defined based on self-reported physician diagnosis, diabetes medication use, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. Eleven neuropsychological tests were summarized using Z scores and were grouped into three cognitive domains representing memory, executive function, and language; a global measure of cognitive function was also calculated by averaging and standardizing scores from all tests. 1,5-AG was dichotomized at 10 μg/mL, with values Results: The mean age of participants was 75 years, 57% were female, and 78% were white. For persons with HbA1c ≥7%, the adjusted differences in cognitive scores comparing 1,5-AG Conclusions: Short-term glucose excursions are independently associated with lower cognitive scores in older adults with diabetes and with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%). Prospective studies are needed to determine if targeting hyperglycemic excursions can improve cognitive function in older adults with diabetes.
On virial analysis at low aspect ratio

The validity of virial analysis to infer global MHD equilibrium poloidal beta βp and internal inductance li from external magnetics measurements is examined for low aspect ratio configurations with A<2. Numerical equilibrium studies at varied aspect ratio are utilized to validate the technique at finite aspect ratio. The effect of applying high- A approximations to low- A experimental data is quantified and demonstrates significant over-estimation of stored energy (factors of 2–10) in spherical tokamak geometry. Experimental approximations to equilibrium-dependent volume integral terms in the analysis are evaluated at low- A. Highly paramagnetic configurations are found to be inadequately represented through the virial mean radius parameter RT. Alternate formulations for inferring βp and li that are independent of RT to avoid this difficulty are presented for the static isotropic limit. These formulations are suitable for fast estimation of tokamak stored energy components at low aspect ratio using virial...
Let’s See Action! Planning and Implementing a Research and Restoration Program

I didn’t realize how different the islands of Kaua‘i and Hawai‘i were until I flew back to Kaua‘i after that first trip to the Ka‘upulehu Dry Forest Preserve. While both have substantial ecological and cultural intra-island variation, as a whole they are literally, and in many ways figuratively, at opposite ends of the chain of major Hawaiian islands. For example, with its vast unsettled forests (if you don’t count the scattered bands of off-the-grid squatters living on mangoes and marijuana), extensive molten red and jagged black lava, and local politicians openly packing illegal firearms while trolling for votes along the highway, much of the Big Island has a frontier, Wild West feel. Conversely, most of the inhabited, accessible parts of Kaua‘i (the “Garden Isle”) are relatively soft and lush and are overrun with highly domesticated, fanny-pack-toting tourists.
Inherently Antimicrobial Biodegradable Polymers in Tissue Engineering.

Many of the strategies currently being explored in the field of tissue engineering involve the combination of cells and degradable engineered scaffolds for the regeneration of biological tissues. However, infection of the wound or the scaffold itself results in failure of healing. Therefore, a new area of development in the field is the synthesis of polymer-based scaffolds that inherently have the ability to resist microbial infection as degradation occurs and new tissue replaces the scaffold. These scaffolds, defined as inherently antimicrobial biodegradable polymers (IABPs), can be classified based on their monomeric components as follows: (1) traditional antimicrobials (such as beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, and aminoglycosides), (2) naturally derived compounds (such as extracellular matrix components, chitosan, and antimicrobial peptides), and (3) novel synthetic antimicrobials. After validation of chemical synthesis as well as physicochemical characterization of a newly created IABP, ...
Ect2-Dependent rRNA Synthesis Is Required for KRAS-TRP53-Driven Lung Adenocarcinoma

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (Ect2) has been implicated in cancer. However, it is not clear how Ect2 causes transformation and whether Ect2 is necessary for tumorigenesis in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that nuclear Ect2 GEF activity is required for Kras-Trp53 lung tumorigenesis in vivo and that Ect2-mediated transformation requires Ect2-dependent rDNA transcription. Ect2 activates rRNA synthesis by binding the nucleolar transcription factor upstream binding factor 1 (UBF1) on rDNA promoters and recruiting Rac1 and its downstream effector nucleophosmin (NPM) to rDNA. Protein kinase Cι (PKCι)-mediated Ect2 phosphorylation stimulates Ect2-dependent rDNA transcription. Thus, Ect2 regulates rRNA synthesis through a PKCι-Ect2-Rac1-NPM signaling axis that is required for lung tumorigenesis.
Orthosteric and allosteric potentiation of heteromeric neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Heteromeric nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) were thought to have two orthodox agonist-binding sites at two α/β subunit interfaces. Highly selective ligands are hard to develop by targeting orthodox agonist sites because of high sequence similarity of this binding pocket among different subunits. Recently, unorthodox ACh-binding sites have been discovered at some α/α and β/α subunit interfaces, such as α4/α4, α5/α4 and β3/α4. Targeting unorthodox sites may yield subtype-selective ligands, such as those for (α4β2)2 α5, (α4β2)2 β3 and (α6β2)2 β3 nAChRs. The unorthodox sites have unique pharmacology. Agonist binding at one unorthodox site is not sufficient to activate nAChRs, but it increases activation from the orthodox sites. NS9283, a selective agonist for the unorthodox α4/α4 site, was initially thought to be a positive allosteric modulator (PAM). NS9283 activates nAChRs with three engineered α4/α4 sites. PAMs, on the other hand, act at allosteric sites where ACh cannot bind. Known PAM sites include the ACh-homologous non-canonical site (e.g. morantel at β/α), the C-terminus (e.g. Br-PBTC and 17β-estradiol), a transmembrane domain (e.g. LY2087101) or extracellular and transmembrane domain interfaces (e.g. NS206). Some of these PAMs, such as Br-PBTC and 17β-estradiol, require only one subunit to potentiate activation of nAChRs. In this review, we will discuss differences between activation from orthosteric and allosteric sites, their selective ligands and clinical implications. These studies have advanced understanding of the structure, assembly and pharmacology of heteromeric neuronal nAChRs. Linked articles This article is part of a themed section on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.11/issuetoc.
Sink or Swim: Ions and Organics at the Ice-Air Interface.

The ice–air interface is an important locus of environmental chemical reactions. The structure and dynamics of the ice surface impact the uptake of trace gases and kinetics of reactions in the atmosphere and snowpack. At tropospheric temperatures, the ice surface is partially premelted. Experiments indicate that ions increase the liquidity of the ice surface but hydrophilic organics do not. However, it is not yet known the extent of the perturbation solutes induce at the ice surface and what is the role of the disordered liquid-like layer in modulating the interaction between solutes and their mobility and aggregation at the ice surface. Here we use large-scale molecular simulations to investigate the effect of ions and glyoxal, one of the most abundant oxygenated volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, on the structure, dynamics, and solvation properties of the ice surface. We find that the premelted surface of ice has unique solvation properties, different from those of liquid water. The increase ...
Constructing experience: Event models from perception to action

Mental representations of everyday experience are rich, structured, and multimodal. In this article we consider the adaptive pressures that led to human construction of such representations, arguing that structured event representations enable cognitive systems to more effectively predict the trajectory of naturalistic everyday activity. We propose an account of how cortical systems and the hippocampus (HPC) interact to construct, maintain, and update event representations. This analysis throws light on recent research on story comprehension, event segmentation, episodic memory, and action planning. It also suggests how the growing science base can be deployed to diagnose impairments in event perception and memory, and to improve memory for everyday events.
Laparoscopic skills assessment: an additional modality for pediatric surgery fellowship selection

Abstract Aim The Pediatric Surgery fellow selection is a multi-layered process which has not included assessment of surgical dexterity. Materials and methods Data was collected prospectively as part of the 2016 Pediatric Surgery Match interview process. Applicants completed a questionnaire to document laparoscopic experience and fine motor skills activities. Actual laparoscopic skills were assessed using a simulator. Time to complete an intracorporeal knot was tabulated. An initial rank list was formulated based only on the ERAS application and interview scores. The rank list was re-formulated following the laparoscopic assessment. Un-paired T-test and regression were utilized to analyze the data. Results Forty applicants were interviewed with 18 matched (45%). The mean knot tying time was 201.31s for matched and 202.35s for unmatched applicants. Playing a musical instrument correlated with faster knot tying (p=0.03). No correlation was identified between knot tying time and either video game experience (p=0.4) or passing the FLS exam (p=0.78). Laparoscopic skills assessment lead to significant reordering of rank list (p=0.01). Conclusions Laparoscopic skills performance significantly impacted ranking. Playing a musical instrument correlated with faster knot tying. No correlation was identified between laparoscopic performance and passing the FLS exam or other activities traditionally believed to improve technical ability. Type of study Prospective study. Level of evidence Level II.
Composite Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma/Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Follicular Lymphoma: A Clinicopathological Study of Six Cases.

Background: Composite small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) is extremely rare, and only 13 cases have been reported previously. Methods: We ...
Interleukin-6 as one of the potential mediators of immune-related adverse events in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade: evidence from a case report.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has changed the paradigm of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with significant improvements in response rates and durability in disease control [1]. However, as re...
Impacts of Monetary Policy Rates on Interest and Inflation Rates

This paper extends previous research on how monetary policy rates impact interest and inflation rates. We develop and apply a system model comprised of joint Fisher-Wicksell effects augmented with the federal funds rate. Theoretical relationships between ex ante and ex post coefficients are specified, dynamic relationships of the model are investigated, and steady state policy rate elasticities of inflation and interest rates are derived. Employing U.S. rate series and state space econometric methods, we estimate time-varying coefficients of the augmented system model. Policy rate elasticities of inflation rates provide insights into the effectiveness of using policy rates to control inflation and influence interest rates. These and other results suggest that dual Fisher and Wicksell effects are important channels of monetary policy rate transmission to interest and inflation rates.
Spontaneous cutaneous endometriosis of the mons pubis: Diagnosis, treatment, and review of the literature:

Background:Cutaneous endometriosis is usually associated with a preceding surgical scar; spontaneous cutaneous endometriosis is rare. We report on a case of spontaneous cutaneous endometriosis of t...
Incidence, predictors, and outcomes after severe primary graft dysfunction in pediatric heart transplant recipients

BACKGROUND Previous reports of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) in pediatric heart transplant (HT) recipients are limited to descriptive series of children who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support shortly after HT. In this study we sought to determine the incidence, risk factors, and survival after severe PGD in pediatric HT recipients. METHODS We identified all children <18 years old who underwent HT in the United States during 1996 to 2015 using the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network database and then identified those who developed severe PGD by linking patient variables to Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry data. Logistic regression models were used to assess risk factors for developing severe PGD. RESULTS The overall incidence of severe PGD was 4.7% over 20 years (95% confidence interval 4.2% to 5.3%). The incidence was 4.1%, 4.5%, 5.3%, and 4.6%, respectively, in consecutive 5-year periods (p for trend = 0.48). Independent risk factors for developing severe PGD were younger age, congenital heart disease, HT while supported on ECMO, higher serum bilirubin, and graft ischemic time ≥4 hours. Ventricular assist device support as bridge to HT and available donor variables were not associated. Death (or graft loss) before discharge occurred in 40.6% of children with PGD (105 deaths, 7 re-transplants) and in 5.6% of children without PGD. CONCLUSIONS Severe PGD remains an important clinical morbidity in pediatric HT recipients in the current era and is associated with high mortality. These findings highlight the need for research in preventing and treating PGD in pediatric HT recipients for improving overall post-transplant survival.
Construct validity of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children - Fifth UK Edition: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the 16 primary and secondary subtests.

Background There is inadequate information regarding the factor structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fifth UK Edition (WISC-VUK ; Wechsler, 2016a, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth UK Edition, Harcourt Assessment, London, UK) to guide interpretation. Aims and methods The WISC-VUK was examined using complementary exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for all models proposed by Wechsler (2016b, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth UK Edition: Administration and scoring manual, Harcourt Assessment, London, UK) as well as rival bifactor models. Sample The WISC-VUK standardization sample (N = 415) correlation matrix was used in analyses due to denial of standardization sample raw data. Results EFA did not support a theoretically posited fifth factor because only one subtest (Matrix Reasoning) had a salient pattern coefficient on the fifth factor. A model with four group factors and a general intelligence factor resembling the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition (WISC-IV; Wechsler, 2003, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition, Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX, USA) was supported by both EFA and CFA. General intelligence (g) was the dominant source of subtest variance and large omega-hierarchical coefficients supported interpretation of the Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) score. In contrast, the four group factors accounted for small portions of subtest variance and low omega-hierarchical subscale coefficients indicated that the four-factor index scores were of questionable interpretive value independent of g. Present results replicated independent assessments of the Canadian, Spanish, French, and US versions of the WISC-V (Canivez, Watkins, & Dombrowski, 2016, Psychological Assessment, 28, 975; 2017, Psychological Assessment, 29, 458; Fennollar-Cortes & Watkins, 2018, International Journal of School & Educational Psychology; Lecerf & Canivez, 2018, Psychological Assessment; Watkins, Dombrowski, & Canivez, 2018, International Journal of School and Educational Psychology). Conclusion Primary interpretation of the WISC-VUK should be of the FSIQ as an estimate of general intelligence.
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine

1,2-Diphenylhydrazine decomposes to afford azobenzene during gas chromatography. The mass spectrum of the latter compound is reported here.
Spontaneous Transvaginal Sigmoid Colon Evisceration and Sepsis From Complete Procidentia.

Background Transvaginal bowel evisceration is an exceptionally rare event. Most reported cases are of small bowel evisceration in postmenopausal women who have undergone hysterectomy. Case Here, we report an isolated case of complete procidentia and spontaneous sigmoid colon evisceration leading to sepsis in an 89-year-old woman with no surgical history. Conclusions We highlight the risk factors, clinical presentation, and treatment options for this unique multidisciplinary emergency.
Todd LeVasseur, Pramod Parajuli, and Norman Wirzba (eds.), Religion and Sustainable Agriculture: World Spiritual Traditions and Food Ethics

Todd LeVasseur, Pramod Parajuli, and Norman Wirzba (eds.), Religion and Sustainable Agriculture: World Spiritual Traditions and Food Ethics (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2016), 394pp., $50.00 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-0-8131-6797-8.
Understanding Wheelchair Occupant Posture and Dynamics Prior to Egress from a Wheelchair

In this paper, we present the mathematical analysis of patient dynamics prior to an unattended egress from a wheelchair. This analysis provides the basis to develop an information system that provides remote caregivers real-time status on movement of unattended, unobserved, high fall risk wheelchair occupants. Most falls occur among the elderly, as they attempt to walk without the assistance they need. Fortunately, the unattended elderly in a wheel chair often shift about and reposition themselves over some period of time before they attempt to leave the chair on their own. Understanding the dynamics and posture changes associated with this repositioning activity is essential if one is to have the latency necessary to mitigate falls from wheelchairs.
High Performance Quantum Well InGaAs-On-Si MOSFETs With sub-20 nm Gate Length For RF Applications

We demonstrate RF-compatible quantum well InGaAs MOSFETs integrated on Si substrates, with $L_{\mathrm{G}}$ down to 14 nm and a Si CMOS compatible RMG fabrication flow. Devices exhibit simultaneously extrapolated $f_{\mathrm{t}}$ and $f_{\max}$ of 370 and 310 GHz, respectively, the highest reported combined $f_{\mathrm{t}}/f_{\max}$ for III-V MOSFETs on Si. This is enabled by the scaled $L_{\mathrm{G}},\ g_{\mathrm{m}}$ of $1.75\ \text{mS}/\mu \mathrm{n}$ , 8 nm source and drain spacers and raised source and drain extensions maintaining low access resistance. The use of the InP/In 0.75 Ga 0.25 As/InP quantum well offers three times higher electron mobility and a 60% increase of $g_{\mathrm{m}}$ , compared to reference devices.
THE EVOLUTION OF APICAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY

Apical variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is a rare genetic disease that causes thickening of the left ventricular apex (LVA). It is unclear how the myocardium restructures over time in individuals with AHCM. Here, we present a patient with known AHCM whose myocardium evolved to develop mid-
In-situ creep deformation of cold-sprayed aluminum splats at elevated temperatures

Abstract This study provides new insights into temperature-dependent splat sliding mechanisms in cold-sprayed deposit by mechanical investigations at length scales comparable to the splats. In-situ indentation of 6061 Al splat structure is performed inside a scanning electron microscope from room temperature up to 400 °C. Indentation at 176 °C, which is the standard heat-treatment temperature, is characterized by enhanced nanohardness (1.65 GPa) as compared to room temperature (1.37 GPa). This is associated with the precipitate formation and improved splat-bonding due to solid-state diffusion. Further enhancement of temperature results in softening, with nanohardness ~70 MPa at 400 °C. The elastic modulus of the splat structure is ~50% of the ‘bulk’ modulus at room temperature and is attributed to energy-dissipation due to splat-sliding activated during indentation. ‘Recovery Resistance’ is computed to quantify energy-dissipation, and a five-fold jump in dissipation is noticed from room temperature to 400 °C. The elasto-plastic zone under the indenter becomes larger with temperature and comprises of multiple splats. Hence, the splat-sliding is found to be enhanced at higher temperatures. Indentation creep investigations show the transition of deformation mechanism from purely plastic (material pile-up) at lower temperatures to non-plastic (crack propagation) at 400 °C. Creep stress-exponents are computed and correspond to solute drag (~3) and dislocation creep (~4–7) mechanisms. At 400 °C, stress-concentration along the splat interfaces is observed in the vicinity of the indenter, eventually leading to crack initiation, propagation and splat delamination due to prolonged loading. These observations highlight that splat interfaces play a vital role in determining the deformation behavior of cold-sprayed materials.
Seizure Disorder Exacerbated by Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Hepatic encephalopathy is a serious complication of cirrhosis that presents with a variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities, including disorientation, asterixis, and coma. Seizures are an uncommon and potentially dangerous complication of hepatic encephalopathy. We present a unique case of a 42-year-old female with a history of well-controlled seizure disorder suddenly become refractory to anticonvulsant therapy following the development of hepatic encephalopathy secondary to liver decompensation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 42-year-old female presented to our hospital following a seizure accompanied by loss of consciousness, urinary incontinence, and the prolonged postictal state. She reports her seizures were initially well-controlled with Levetiracetam 500 mg twice a day but recently began experiencing seizures every other day despite up-titration of Levetiracetam to 1500 mg twice a day over a few weeks. On arrival, her serum ammonia level was 116 I¼mol/L. CT brain was negative while CT liver was consistent with cirrhotic morphology. An electroencephalogram revealed irregular, diffuse, delta/theta slowing consistent with mild to moderate encephalopathy. The patient was started on lactulose 40mg and Rifaximin 550 mg twice a day. Her symptoms of disorientation and lethargy resolved over 3 days. CONCLUSION: Though uncommon, hepatic encephalopathy should be considered in patients presenting with convulsions, especially if there is a known history of liver disease. Until the underlying liver issues are addressed, patients may not respond to traditional anti-convulsant therapy for their seizures.
Detection and Identification of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) and Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) by a Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction High‐Resolution Melt Duplex Assay,

Mitragyna speciosa (MS), a plant commonly known as kratom, is a widely used "legal high" opiate alternative for pain relief. DNA extracted from MS and 26 additional plant species was amplified by PCR using primers targeting the strictosidine beta-D-glucosidase (SGD) and secologanin synthase 2 (SLS2) genes and detected by high-resolution melt curves using three intercalating dyes. Amplicon sizes were confirmed using agarose gel electrophoresis. The observed melt temperatures for SGD and SLS2 were 77.08 ± 0.38°C and 77.61 ± 0.46°C, respectively, using SYBR® Green I; 80.18 ± 0.27°C and 80.59 ± 0.08°C, respectively, using Radiant™ Green; and 82.19 ± 0.04°C and 82.62 ± 0.13°C, respectively, using the LCGreen® PLUS dye. The SLS2 primers demonstrated higher specificity and identified MS DNA at 0.05 ng/μL. In a duplex reaction, SLS2 and tetrahydrocannabinoic acid synthase gene primers detected and differentiated MS and Cannabis sativa (CS) by melt peaks at 82.63 ± 0.35°C and 85.58 ± 0.23°C, respectively, using LCGreen® PLUS.
After eliciting: Variation in elementary mathematics teachers’ discursive pathways during collaborative problem solving

Abstract Mathematics teachers are called on to craft instruction that centers students’ mathematical ideas and creates consistent, pervasive opportunities for meaning-making through discourse. In the context of collaborative problem solving, teachers can use eliciting and probing to uncover student thinking while students work together to develop mathematical ideas and strategies. After eliciting and probing, teachers can further respond to the student thinking that has been revealed. This study explored the discursive pathways two fourth grade mathematics teachers used after eliciting student thinking, when their aim was to be responsive to and advance student thinking. Drawing on interactions (n = 97) from nine lessons, qualitative analysis identified five distinct discursive pathways after eliciting, two of which, praise and funneling, were associated with the nature of student understanding uncovered during eliciting. Implications for future research and professional development on teacher-student discourse are discussed.
Teamwork in the Operating Room

The perioperative domain has a long history of teamwork training and investigations into the role of communication in patient safety. The environment has led to the development of many significant contributions to the field of simulation in healthcare, and historically led to the development of the modern principles of teamwork training that is in standard use by the majority of training centers. Teamwork is necessary in the perioperative environment because there are many individuals with specialized and distinctive skills that must come together to accomplish a single goal, which is the care of the surgical patient. Institutions are coming under increasing pressure from regulatory bodies to develop plans and procedures to handle rare but devastating situations. Simulation in the perioperative arena can be used to provide operating room team members an opportunity to practice rare events, as well as to investigate and address performance gaps. Interprofessional simulation-based training may provide a methodology to develop such plans. This chapter will make the case that teamwork training is an essential activity for healthcare institutions, and that many challenges exist in bringing the training to colleagues at the point of care. However, such challenges can be overcome using various strategies, which are highlighted by a case study. The chapter closes by highlighting future research directions, which include developing and testing curriculum designed simulations to improve communication, leadership, and situational awareness skills with new modalities such as emotional intelligence training.