cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chapter 7 Computational electron spectroscopy of gas-phase metal clusters

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses computational electron spectroscopy of gas-phase metal clusters. It presents a brief description of a DFT-based computational electron spectroscopy scheme, which incorporates a new correction technique addressed in the chapter. It presents results of the application of this scheme to metal clusters of different elements and sizes and show how the analyses of these results allow one to unravel the true meaning of and the reasons for the size-driven changes in EBE spectra observed in PES experiments. The chapter illustrates how by combining results of high-quality computations with data obtained in high-accuracy measurements one can use EBE spectra as a rich source of information on properties of systems and phenomena they exhibit. The scheme for conversion of the KS eigenenergies into EBEs is outlined in the chapter. The details of the computational methodology are also presented. The chapter presents and analyzes results for magnesium clusters. The analysis includes size, structure, and charge-state effects, and a discussion of the phenomenon of size-induced transition to metallicity.
Analysis of the Two-Coil Model of the Ferroresonant Transformer with a Rectified Output in the Low-Line Heavy-Load Minimum-Frequency Condition

Most of the previous analyses of the ferroresonant transformer have been for the unrectified-output ac-load circuit, and do not include some or all of the important stray loss mechanisms. This paper focuses on the rectified-output dc-load case and includes the stray losses. The low-line heavy-load minimum-frequency condition is the worst-case condition for supplying power to the load. The ferroresonant transformer is modeled by its two-coil equivalent circuit. Analysis is simplified by assumptions about the operation of the circuit in this worst-case condition. A time integration of the nonlinear differential equations that characterize the two-coil model determines the steady-state dc and rms circuit voltages and currents as a function of the circuit component values. The general operating characteristics of the transformer are determined by observing the variation of the circuit voltages and currents as the circuit component values are varied. Using that technique, it is possible to specify which component values yield a design in which the transformer winding currents are at a minimum and the input power factor and conversion efficiency are at a maximum.
Naomi Wise: Creation, Re-Creation, and Continuity in an American Ballad Tradition

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Eleanor R. Long-Wilgus Year: 2003 Pages: vii + 88 Publisher: Chapel Hill Press Prices: $25.00
Draguns, Juris G

Juris G. Draguns is a pioneer in international psychology and cross-cultural research. Overcoming geographical and language barriers, he has collaborated with researchers from nations such as Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Poland, Russia, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Throughout his career he has lectured in five different languages and taught internationally at the University of Mainz in Germany; Lund University in Sweden; East-West Center in Hawaii; Flinders University of South Australia; National Taiwan University in Taipei; University of the Americas-Puebla in Cholula, Mexico; University of Latvia and Baltic Russian Institute, both in Riga; and the Pennsylvania State University in the United States. Keywords: cross-cultural psychology; cultural psychology; international psychology; psychopathology; psychotherapies
Becoming a nurse faculty leader: facing challenges through reflecting, persevering and relating in new ways.

horton-deutsch s., young p.k. & nelson k.a. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management 18, 487–493 Becoming a nurse faculty leader: facing challenges through reflecting, persevering and relating in new ways Aim The aim of the present study was to explore the experience of becoming a nurse faculty leader. Background In a recent interpretation of 23 interviews conducted with nurse faculty leaders from across the United States about their experiences of becoming a leader three themes were identified: being thrust into leadership, taking risks and facing challenges. Evaluation This interpretive phenomenological study further explicates three aspects of how nurse educators faced challenges in becoming and serving as a leader. Key issues Facing challenges meant reflecting, persevering through difficulties and learning to relate to others in new ways. Exemplars of participant experiences are provided for concreteness, to assist readers in determining how findings resonate with their own experience and how they can actualize this resonance in their own leadership practice. Conclusions In the present study, reflecting, persevering through difficulties and learning to relate with others in a new way was how leaders faced challenges. Implications for nursing management Leadership development opportunities that facilitate self-exploration, caring and thoughtful interactions with others and values clarification serve as the foundation for becoming a nurse faculty leader who is, in turn, able to build leadership capacity in other individuals and organizations.
Fully discrete dynamic mesh discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Cahn-Hilliard equation of phase transition

Fully discrete discontinuous Galerkin methods with variable meshes in time are developed for the fourth order Cahn-Hilliard equation arising from phase transition in materials science. The methods are formulated and analyzed in both two and three dimensions, and are proved to give optimal order error bounds. This coupled with the flexibility of the methods demonstrates that the proposed discontinuous Galerkin methods indeed provide an efficient and viable alternative to the mixed finite element methods and non-conforming (plate) finite element methods for solving fourth order partial differential equations.
Locus of Control and the Control of Diabetes

Study participants were 120 diabetic men on insulin who completed Rotter's Locus of Control Scale. Control of diabetes was measured with a score derived from five-point weighted scales for hemoglob...
Cracking and Debonding in Integrated Microstructures

Internal stresses inevitably arise in integrated microstructures. This paper reviews a fracture mechanics approach to devising design rules to avert cracking. The smallness of the feature size permits a strategy different from that conventionally used to analyze the fracture of bulk materials. In an integrated microstructure, high tensile stress is localized in small regions. The elastic energy stored in each region scales with its volume. The surface energy associated with the creation of a crack scales with the surface area of the crack. Thermodynamics dictates that a flaw cannot grow if the stored elastic energy is lower than the created surface energy. Consequently, for a sufficiently small feature size, the volume-to-area ratio is small, and no flaw can grow. Our design rules do not depend on flaw size. They are deterministic, and rely on well-specified geometric and physical parameters. Furthermore, the stress singularity at corners does not cause any particular difficulty. As an example, the thermal misfit cracking in a multilevel interconnect test structure is investigated.
Experimental Viral Infections of the Urinary Tract of Mice.

Some cases of human nephritis cannot be ascribed to specific etiological agents. A viral etiology for such cases has been suggested, but conclusive evidence for this suggestion has generally been lacking. Bates et al (1957) found evidence for a viral etiology in an outbreak of acute diffuse glomerulonephritis. Michon et al (1960) and Marinescu and Andronescu (1962) have presented arguments in favor of a viral etiology for many otherwise undiagnosable renal diseases. Excepting hemorrhagic fever virus, a definite nephrotropic virus has not been identified.
E-waste management in Bangladesh

Advancement of ICT makes peoples life easy however, unknown to them this comes with a silver lining of doom aka e-waste (electronic waste generated from electrical and electronic equipment). The growing amount of e-waste accumulating from foreign import and our own domestic sources have become a major concern of scientific community. When first introduced in the early 1980s waste generated from computers and mobile phones were foreign topics due to high price and inaccessibility of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). However, sharp rise in the urban population and the comparative decrease in years of electronic device lifespan, number of e-waste generated in Bangladesh has reached a staggering amount. Inappropriate disposal practices are affecting our health. This paper attempts to shed light to the growing problem of e-waste management and the different possibilities that can be applied to a conundrum that is rapidly turning out to become a national level concern.
Upper semi-continuity of stationary statistical properties of dissipative systems

We show that stationary statistical properties for uniformlydissipative dynamical systems are upper semi-continuous underregular perturbation and a special type of singular perturbationin time of relaxation type. The results presented are applicableto many physical systems such as the singular limit of infinitePrandtl-Darcy number in the Darcy-Boussinesq system forconvection in porous media, or the large Prandtl asymptotics forthe Boussinesq system.
Partial trisomy of chromosome no. 1 in two adult brothers due to maternal translocation (1q--;6p+).

Extra chromosome material on the short arm of chromosome no. 6 (46,XY,6p+) was found in two mentally retarded adult half-brothers with mildly dysmorphic features. The phenotypically normal mother had a balanced translocation between the long arm of chromosome no. 1 and the short arm of chromosome no. 6: 46,XX,t(1;6)(q32;p25). Thus the two affected brothers were trisomic for the long arm segment of chromosome no. 1, distal to q32. These patients, with mildly dysmorphic features and mental retardation, represent the first cases of partial trisomy 1q surviving to adulthood.
Mechanical circulatory support in pediatric cardiomyopathy

Abstract Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) plays a critical role in the support of children with a failing heart. The last three decades have witnessed a remarkable advance in the science of MCS for children. Over 20% of children undergoing heart transplantation receive some form of mechanical support while on the wait list. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides comprehensive cardiac and pulmonary support, but is limited by a vexing pro-inflammatory and thrombogenic cascade after days or weeks of support. Ventricular assist devices on the other hand can provide durable support for as long as a year. MCS continues to evolve with smaller devices and the use of more biocompatible materials.
The “Persistent Problems” in the Psychology of Religion and Aging: A View of the Past and a Look to the Future

ABSTRACT This paper reviews research in the psychology of religion and aging and organizes it into six categories. These reflect enduring questions posed both in philosophy and psychology about (1) the mind/body relationship, (2) sources of knowledge, (3) experiences of and judgments about beauty, (4) reasons for individual behavior, (5) the need for and responses to social interaction, and (6) the search for life meaning. In addition to reviewing current research, the paper suggests new research directions for the psychology of religion and aging. Throughout the paper, examples are given of potential collaborations between researchers and practitioners working in religious and secular settings.
Interaction between free carriers, free excitons, and electron-hole drops in germanium

Abstract Under steady-state conditions, we have observed an increase of photo-conductivity in Ge at low temperature simultaneously with radiation from electron-hole drops. A set of rate equations for a 3-phase system of carriers, free excitons and drops are used to interpret the results. Values of the exciton-recombination coefficient and the lifetimes of the three phases are determined.
Holonomic quantum computing based on the Stark effect

We propose a spin manipulation technique based entirely on electric fields applied to acceptor states in $p$-type semiconductors with spin-orbit coupling. While interesting on its own, the technique can also be used to implement fault-resilient holonomic quantum computing. We explicitly compute adiabatic transformation matrix (holonomy) of the degenerate states and comment on the feasibility of the scheme as an experimental technique.
High frequency circuit components on micromachined variable thickness substrates

The use of Si micromachining techniques to enhance high frequency planar circuit design flexibility by offering a method for varying the substrate thickness in selective locations on the wafer is presented.
Determinants of the p28 cleavage site recognized by the first papain-like cysteine proteinase of murine coronavirus.

Abstract The murine coronavirus polymerase gene is 22 kb in length with the potential to encode a polyprotein of approximately 750 kDa. The polyprotein has been proposed to encode three proteinase domains which are responsible for the processing of the polyprotein into mature proteins. The proteolytic activity of the first proteinase domain has been characterized and resembles the papain family of cysteine proteinases. This proteinase domain acts autoproteolytically to cleave the amino terminal portion of the polymerase polyprotein, releasing a 28-kDa protein designated p28. To identify the cleavage site of this papain-like cysteine proteinase, we isolated the peptide adjacent to p28 and determined the amino terminus sequence by Edman degradation reaction. We report that proteolysis occurs between the Gly-247 and Val-248 dipeptide bond. To determine the role of the amino acid residues surrounding the cleavage site, we introduced a total of 42 site-specific mutations at the residues spanning the P5 to P3′ positions and assessed the effects of the mutations on the processing of p28 in an in vitro transcription and translation system. The substitutions of Gly-247 at the P1 position or Arg-246 at the P2 position resulted in a dramatic decrease of proteolytic activity, and the mutations of Arg-243 at P5 position also led to considerable reduction in p28 cleavage. In contrast, the substitutions of amino acids Gly-244 (P4), Tyr-245 (P3), Val-248 (P1′), Lys-249 (P2′), and Pro-250 (P3′) had little or no effect on the amount of p26 that was released. This work has identified Gly-247-Val-248 as the cleavage site for the release of p28, the amino-terminal protein of the murine coronavirus polymerase polyprotein. Additionally, we conclude that the Gly-247 and Arg-246 are the major determinants for the cleavage site recognition by the first papain-like cysteine proteinase of murine coronavirus.
Controls of meiotic signaling by membrane or nuclear progestin receptor in zebrafish follicle-enclosed oocytes

Abstract Both membrane progestin receptors (mPRs) and the nuclear progestin receptor (nPR or Pgr) decode the non-genomic progestin signaling (NGPS) in vertebrates. However, the receptor for deciphering extracellular NGPS and initiating meiosis resumption in vertebrate oocytes is still contested hotly. We studied the roles of nPR and mPRs by determining their localization, changes of expression, and activation of NGPS during final oocyte maturation (FOM) in zebrafish. The nPR transcript and protein were expressed abundantly in follicular cells that were surrounding stage IV oocytes, but nPR transcript appeared absent within stage IV oocytes. The most significant daily changes of nPR transcript were observed in stage IV follicular cells, with the highest level observed just prior to ovulation. In contrast, the expressions of mPRα and mPRβ transcripts and proteins were abundant and increased significantly in late stage denuded oocytes prior to oocyte maturation, consistent with the purported role of mPRs in interpreting NGPS. Moreover, over-expression of mPRα in follicle-enclosed oocytes significantly increased the activity of MAPK, the production of cyclin B protein, and the number of oocytes that underwent FOM without exogenous progestin, while over-expression of mPRβ or nPR alone had no such effect. Intriguingly, significant acceleration of FOM was observed when follicle-enclosed oocytes were incubated with the maturation inducing steroid, 4-pregnen-17, 20β-diol-3-one (DHP) following over-expression of nPR or mPRα. Interestingly, this acceleration in oocyte maturation was observed approximately 1 h later in oocytes over-expressing nPR compared to those over-expressing mPRα. Importantly, the acceleration of maturation in the nPR injected group was blocked by treatment with the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D, implying a requirement of the genomic signaling pathway, while the same treatment did not affect the accelerated rate of maturation in mPRα injected oocytes. Taken together, these results imply that nPR and mPRβ are unlikely receptors for inducing FOM, while mPRα is the long-sought-after nongenomic progestin receptor that deciphers extracellular NGPS to initiate meiosis resumption in follicle-enclosed zebrafish oocytes.
Processing of discrimination charges by EEOC

Abstract The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is the principal enforcement agency for equal employment law. Created by Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, the Commission won considerable influence over personnel management through favorable opinions in court cases. Moreover, the 1972 amendments to Title VII granted additional enforcement powers to the Commission. Yet there is little readily available information on how the Commission has exercised these powers. This article examines EEOC's procedure for handling charges of discrimination. It then presents statistics that indicate some of the problems EEOC has had in managing its growing work load. Finally, it discusses how such problems impede the fair and effective enforcement of equal employment law.
AC Electrokinetics for Assay Enhancement

We have developed an AC electrokinetic microstirring technique, and have demonstrated its ability to accelerate diffusion-limited binding in a micro device by nearly an order of magnitude. Binding rates are increased by augmenting diffusive transport with microstirring generated through the application of an AC electric field. Numerical simulations suggest optimized microstirring devices may increase binding by a factor of 20.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Near-Field Influence on Barrier Evolution in Symmetric Atom Transfer Reactions: A New Model for Two-State Mixing†

We here consider the fundamental interactions which drive barrier evolution in atom transfer reactions. By applying the functional behavior predicted by second-order nondegenerate perturbation theory to a symmetric linear curve crossing model, we are able to derive a simple formula for two-state mixing in the near-field. It becomes readily apparent that the system property most critically responsible for governing the magnitude of coupling is the diabatic state-to-state overlap. In order to explore this parameter in depth, we outline a basic strategy for diabatic state construction in the near-field and use the imposed symmetry requirements and phase relations to derive a functional form which relates the state-to-state overlap to molecular orbital properties of the isolated reactants and the interatomic overlap matrix. Finally, we show how trends in barrier heights may be analyzed in the context of combined far-field and near-field effects and how these effects may be separated in order to provide insight into the underlying physics and broadly applicable mechanistic information.
Regulating healthcare technologies and medical supplies in the European Economic Erea

A complex relationship exists among EU regulations, current national practices and rules, institutional capacities to implement regulatory adjustments and the legacy of past health and regulatory policy and traditions. However, there is little empirical information on medical devices policy, the medical devices industry, and the assurance of medical device safety and usage. Drawing on a review of the secondary literature and on-going field work, the evidence suggests that the current mix of state-centric and self-regulatory traditions will be as important in determining the implementation and final outcomes of EU-rules as the new rules themselves. EU directives redesign rules, but they do not necessarily lead to institutional change, create manpower, skills and institutional capacities, or alter governance and administrative practices in the short term. Neither EU directives nor national regulatory adjustments determine the ‘man-machine/skills-experience’ interface which is shaped and influenced by local medical traditions and the acceptance of these traditions by local publics.
The magnetic susceptibility of bis(tyrosinato)copper<II) from 4.5 to 55°K

Magnetic susceptibility data were obtained for bis(tyrosinato)copper<II) from 4.5 to 55°K, and fitted to the modified Langevin dimer equation. The fit was excellent, yielding the following values for the magnetic parameters: 2J = +20 cm−1, g = 2.15, and θ = −2.06°K. The compound possesses a triplet ground state with a singlet state 20 cm−1 above it.
Challenges in intraoperative monitoring

Predicting major adverse events following surgery remains a significant problem. Currently, the perioperative period is too often considered a black box, with risk assessment and prediction largely based on static pre-surgical parameters. Here, we review the problem of intraoperative hypotension and outline some of the opportunities for improved monitoring during surgery
A link between glial Ca2+ signaling and hypoxia in aging?

Most neuroscientists now acknowledge that there is more to the brain than neurons. A flurry of studies in the past decade have documented the importance of glia in complex processes that were previously believed to be strictly neuronal.1 The majority of these studies have pointed to a key role of astrocytic Ca2+ signaling in the modulation of synaptic transmission. In fact, Ca2+ signaling in electrically silent astrocytes can in many ways be compared with electrical excitability in neurons: Astrocytes integrate multiple inputs into dynamic Ca2+ signals and in turn modulate the activity of surrounding neurons. Perhaps, the most interesting discovery is that astrocytic Ca2+ signaling appears to be intimately involved in neural homeostatic regulation. For example, Ca2+ signaling in brain stem astrocytes may help to control breathing: A reduction in extracellular pH leads to astrocytic Ca2+-dependent ATP release. ATP binds to purinergic (ATP) receptors on neighboring respiratory neurons, depolarizing them and resulting in an increase in respiration.2
Residents' use of humanistic skills and content of resident discussions in a support group.

In a 1983 position paper, the American Board of Internal Medicine stressed the importance of teaching humanistic skills to residents; however, how to teach or measure these skills is not well defined. In this study, the content of discussion (personal and professional problems) and processing of four humanistic skills (empathy, level of regard, unconditionality, and congruence) by Bowman Gray School of Medicine first year general medicine residents was observed. Fourteen videotapes of support group meetings from 1986 to 1988 were reviewed for humanistic relationship behaviors using the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory and for the types of personal and professional problems discussed using a content inventory. Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory scores for empathy and regard paralleled increases in the number of professional problems raised at midyear, a time of maximum stress for residents. Congruence scores became flat after an initial peak while unconditionality scores remained low. Interventions designed to improve residents’ use of humanistic skills could take into account residents’ need for support and education, as well as the natural flow of humanistic behaviors within residency programs.
The Role of Inferences in Sequential Bargaining with One-Sided Incomplete Information: Some Experimental Evidence.

Two experiments tested a sequential bargaining model with one-sided incomplete information and time discounting. The findings suggest that although the comparative statics of the normative model are somewhat descriptive of the qualitative features of the data, bargainers do not conform to the signaling process that underlies bargaining models with incomplete information. Rather than assess and refine a probabilistic assessment of the private information based on the informed bargainer's behavior, uninformed bargainers infer their opponents' competitiveness. Further, bargainers are unable to use cost of delay in the strategic manner dictated by the equilibrium solution. The evidence suggests that although bargaining behavior is primarily determined by situational constraints, bargainers attribute their opponents' behavior to personal disposition, such as their level of competitiveness.
Emerging mass spectrometry techniques for the direct analysis of microbial colonies

One of the emerging areas in microbiology is detecting specialized metabolites produced by microbial colonies and communities with mass spectrometry. In this review/perspective, we illustrate the emerging mass spectrometry methodologies that enable the interrogation of specialized metabolites directly from microbial colonies. Mass spectrometry techniques such as imaging mass spectrometry and real-time mass spectrometry allow two and three-dimensional visualization of the distribution of metabolites, often with minimal sample pretreatment. The speed in which molecules are captured using these methods requires the development of new molecular visualization tools such as molecular networking. Together, these tools are beginning to provide unprecedented insight into the chemical world that microbes experience.
Hydrogen bonds seal single-molecule capsules.

In the presence of methanol the tetrakis(benzoxazines) complex tetramethylammonium cation within the cavity, and the cavity is completely sealed by two intramolecular hydrogen bonds between amide groups. The Cl- anion is found external to the cavity. In CHCl3, Me4N+ is complexed within the cavity, but the Cl- anion acts as a stopper in the upper rim of the cavity, hydrogen-bonded to the amide groups. The solution results are supported by single-crystal X-ray structural studies of both the single-molecule molecular capsules, and those stoppered by Cl-.
Electron emission near a triple point

Triple point, defined as the junction of metal, dielectric, and vacuum, is the location where electron emission is favored in the presence of a sufficiently strong electric field. In addition to being an electron source, the triple point is generally regarded as the location where flashover is initiated in high voltage insulation, and as the vulnerable spot from which rf breakdown is triggered. In this paper, we focus on the electric field distribution at a triple point of a general geometry, as well as the electron orbits in its immediate vicinity. We calculate the orbit of the first generation electrons, the seed electrons. We found that [1], despite the mathematically divergent electric field at the triple point, significant electron yield most likely results from secondary electron emission when the seed electrons strike the dielectric. The analysis gives the voltage scale in which this electron multiplication may occur. It also provides an explanation on why certain dielectric angles are more favorable to electron generation over others, as observed in previous experiments. Specifically, from the orbits of the seed electrons, we derive the range of angles thetas, 0 >thetas >-9.1degtimes(epsivr + 1/epsivr)timesradicE0m/(1eV)/E1/(40eV) which most likely produces secondary electron avalanche on the dielectric by a seed electron [1]. In Eq. (1), thetas is the dielectric angle defined in Fig. 1, epsivr is the relative dielectric constant, E0m is the average emission energy of a secondary electron from the dielectric, and E1 is the first cross-over energy in the secondary electron yield curve. Figure 1 shows a comparison [2] between Eq. (1) with previous experimental results [3].
Monetary Policy and Interest Rate Factors

Previous research establishes the stylized fact that bond returns differ across monetary policy regimes. Specifically, bond returns are higher (lower) and exhibit lower (higher) standard deviations during expan-sive (restrictive) policy periods. Using the three factors known to explain bond returns, we find that the level and slope factors drive the pattern documented in the literature. We find, however, that this pattern is not present in recent data. Our results suggest that either the linkage between monetary policy and bond returns changed or that the association documented in the extant literature arose spuriously.
The Impact of Announcements of Corporate Illegalities on Shareholder Returns

The article presents information on a study which determined the reaction of the stock market to a public announcement that a corporation has been caught allegedly committing a crime. The author de...
Vertical resistive transition in {Si}/{Nb} multilayers

Abstract The vertical and in-plane resistive transition in a series of Si Nb multilayers has been studied. An anisotropic percolation model is adequate to explain the observed transition behavior. The measured temperature dependence of the supercurrent is compared with the Ambagaokar-Baratoff theory. The tail structure in Ic(T) curves near Tc is interpreted as the short coherence length effect.
Targeting V(D)J Recombinase: Putting a PHD to Work

In this issue of Immunity, Liu et al. (2007) show that V(D)J recombinase binds chromatin marked by H3K4 trimethylation. Because this mark associates with active promoters, the finding forges a new link between transcription, epigenetics, and recombinase targeting during lymphocyte development.
Relative Toxicity of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Sebacate and Related Compounds in an in Vivo Hamster Bioassay

AbstractThe acute pulmonary toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DEHS) was examined in a bioassay and compared to the responses seen with other materials suggested as suitable aerosols for human studies. Suspensions of DEHS, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), com oil, mineral oil, and hexaethylene glycol (2.5%, w/v) in saline were instilled (0.15 ml/100 g body weight) into the lungs of hamsters. The resultant dose of oil was 3.75 mg/100 g. Control hamsters were instilled with physiological saline. One day later the hamsters were killed, and the lungs were lavaged. Biochemical and cellular components of the lavage fluid were then analyzed. Measurements included indicators of inflammation, edema, bleeding, macrophage phagocytosis, cell injury, and cell secretion. All values for these oils were either within or below control levels. In contrast, earlier studies with mineral dusts at the same dose demonstrated dramatic changes in these indicators. Our results suggest that DEHS, DEHP, corn oil, mineral oil, ...
Field-Effect Mobility of Charge Carriers in Blends of Regioregular Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s

Thin film transistors based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (PHT) and poly(3-decylthiophene) (PDT) and their binary blends were investigated and the blend composition dependence of the charge carrier mobility was determined. The field-effect mobility of holes (μh) in a series of 10 binary blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (μh = 0.02 cm2/(V s)) and poly(3-decylthiophene) (μh = 8 × 10-5 cm2/(V s)) was found to be relatively high (2 × 10-3 cm2/(V s)) and constant over a broad composition range (5−80 wt % PDT). Above 80% PDT, the hole mobility decreased exponentially with composition. Atomic force microscopy of the homopolymers and blends confirmed the absence of phase separation in the blends. A similar interlayer d spacing that is intermediate between those of the homopolymers is implied by the constant hole mobility in the single-phase crystalline blends of 5−80 wt % PDT. These results demonstrate that blends of conjugated polymers are alloy semiconductors in which high and tunable charge carrier mob...
28. PULMONARY FINDINGS IN POSTMORTEM EXAMINATIONS OF PEDIATRIC ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)

A retrospective study of autopsies of children with the diagnosis of AIDS was done. From March 1983 to September 1986 a total of 24 autopsies were done in children with AIDS at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital. Twenty three cases were reviewed as to the pulmonary pathology. In 21 cases the primary cause of death was pulmonary. Of these, 12 (57%) had a Gram negative (G-) bacterial pathogen alone or in combination with Lymphoid Intersticial Pneumonitis (LIP) or Pneumocystis carinii (POP). Of the 21 cases 8 (38%) had LIP. Four of the 8 also had G- pneumonia (Pseudomonas auriginosa, E.coli). One case of LIP with Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, 2 cases of LIP and Cytomegalvirus (CMV), and one case of LIP and PCP. The histological changes of diffuse alveolar damage and barotrauma correlate well clinically with the number of days on ventilatory support, and oxygen concentration utilized. None of the patients expired as a consequence of LIP alone. Our data indicates: %1 Multiple pathogens appear to play an important role in end stage respiratory failure in these children. # 2 LIP alone does not appear to be a cause of end stage respiratory failure, however, LIP alone with either viral or bacterial pathogens account for 38% of the pulmonary pathologic diagnosis. % 3 G- Bacterial pathogens play an important role in end stage respiratory failure in AIDS. # 4 The use of systemic steroids for the treatment of LIP in end stage, would be contraindicated in light of the mixed pulmonary pathogens.
Funding Medicaid codes for screening and brief intervention services: lessons learned

There is a growing body of evidence that screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is effective in reducing drinking and substance use problems. Based on the outcomes from MOSBIRT, Missouri’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)-funded SBIRT program, individuals receiving brief interventions show reductions in risky use, along with improvements in employment, housing, legal involvement and physical and mental health. As numerous studies indicate a cost savings of $3.81 to $5.60 for each dollar invested in screening for risky use, the most promising approach to sustaining SBIRT services in Missouri after SAMHSA support expires is to fund the state Medicaid codes already on the state’s fee schedule, thereby allowing for reimbursement of SBI services. To that end, an analysis of the Medicaid fee schedules of the 50 states and DC was conducted to determine which states currently have SBI Medicaid codes H0049 and H0050, as well as the American Medical Association’s Common Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 99408 and 99409, on their schedules. The analysis indicated that 22 states have either the Medicaid or CPT codes with associated billing amounts on their Medicaid fee schedules. The average billing rate for screening is about $25 per unit, with rates of around $40 per unit for brief interventions. This information was presented to the Missouri governor’s budget office and resulted in rate setting and coverage of SBI services at federally qualified health centers and community mental health centers across the state. A rationale for supporting SBI services nationally is provided, along with recommendations for petitioning state budget offices to fund the Medicaid codes based on lessons learned from the MOSBIRT project.
Expanding diagnostically labeled datasets using content-based image retrieval

In computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), having an accurate ground truth is critical. However, the number of databases containing medical images with diagnostic information is limited. Using pulmonary computed tomography (CT) scans, we develop a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) approach to exploit the limited images with diagnostically labeled data in order to annotate unlabeled images with diagnoses. By applying this CBIR method iteratively, we expand the set of diagnosed data available for CAD systems. We evaluate the method by implementing a CAD system that uses undiagnosed lung nodules as queries and retrieves similar nodules from the diagnostically labeled dataset. In calculating the precision of this system, radiologist- and computer-predicted malignancy data are used as ground truth for the undiagnosed query nodules. Our results indicate that CBIR expansion is an effective method for labeling undiagnosed images in order to improve the performance of CAD systems.
Spent Fuel Storage in the Post-Yucca Mountain Paradigm

The current uncertainty surrounding the licensing and eventual opening of a long term geologic repository for the nation’s civilian and defense spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high level radioactive waste (HLW) has shifted the window for the length of time spent fuel could be stored to periods of time significantly longer than the current licensing period of 40 years for dry storage. An alternative approach may be needed to the licensing of high-burnup fuel for storage and transportation based on the assumption that spent fuel cladding may not always remain intact. The approach would permit spent fuel to be retrieved on a canister basis and could lessen the need for repackaging of spent fuel. This approach is being presented as a possible engineering solution to address the uncertainties and lack of data availability for cladding properties for high burnup fuel and extended storage time frames. The proposed approach does not involve relaxing current safety standards for criticality safety, containment, or permissible external dose rates.© 2012 ASME
Influence of asymmetries on N-tupling sequences

Abstract It is shown that the metric universality associated with the N -tupling sequences of a symmetric S-unimodal map is completely changed when an asymmetry is introduced at the maximum of the map.
Leucine zippers of fos , jun and GCN4 dictate dimerization specificity and thereby control DNA binding

The products of the fos and jun protooncogenes form a stable heterodimer which binds to the TPA-responsive element (TRE) TGACTCA with high affinity. These two proteins, together with the yeast GCN4 protein, belong to a growing family of transcription factors, including FosB, Fra1, JunB and JunD, whose members share a highly conserved DNA-binding domain. This domain is composed of two structures: a basic motif, which is thought to bind directly to DNA; and a leucine zipper, which provides a dimerization interface. Although this domain is highly conserved in Fos, Jun and GCN4, each of these three proteins has very different relative affinities for the TRE. To understand these differences, we used 'domain-swapping' experiments designed to test the relative contributions of the basic motif and the leucine zipper to TRE-binding affinity. Here we show that fos, jun and GCN4 have different affinities for the TRE due to differences in the hetero- or homo-dimerization capacity of their leucine zipper domains; the basic motifs of these three proteins have comparable DNA binding potential. These results indicate that leucine zippers control the types of protein complexes which can associate with a TRE and regulate gene expression.
Impact of drying on the catalyst profile in supported impregnation catalysts

Abstract The impact of drying conditions and system properties on the final catalyst profile in supported impregnation catalysts is studied. A model is developed, which accounts for convective flow in the liquid phase, multi-component diffusion of the metal in the liquid phase, metal adsorption on the porous support, and heat transport. Transport of the gas and liquid phase are described by the dusty gas model and Darcy's law, respectively. Transport of charged particles (dissolved metal and its ion counterpart) in the liquid solution, i.e., the convective and diffusive ion transport, are modeled by the Nernst–Plank equation. Metal adsorption on the porous support is modeled by a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It was shown that in the case of strong adsorption, drying does not affect the final metal profile. In such cases, the profile is mainly determined during impregnation. In the case of weak metal adsorption, drying strongly impacts the final catalyst distribution. Accumulation of the metal at the external particle surface (egg-shell profile) becomes significant with increasing drying rate, since convective flow towards the surface is the dominant transport mechanism. Egg-shell catalysts are also obtained, if the permeability of the support is very high, or if the liquid solution has low viscosity. If metal back-diffusion is strong, the metal is transported towards the particle center, leading to uniform or decreasing egg-yolk catalysts. A dimensional analysis of the model equations showed that the final catalyst profile is determined by three dimensionless groups, which describe the relative strength of convection, diffusion, and adsorption. Maps were computed that show regions of different catalyst profiles. Therefore, knowledge of these three dimensionless groups allows the prediction of the final catalyst profile.
Ethology and the origins of behavioral endocrinology.

The neurosciences embrace many disciplines, some long established, others of more recent origin. Behavioral endocrinology has only recently been fully acknowledged as a branch of neuroscience, distinctive for the determination of some of its exponents to remain integrative in the face of the many pressures towards reductionism that so dominate modern biology. One of its most characteristic features is a commitment to research at the whole-animal level on the physiological basis of complex behaviors, with a particular but by no means exclusive focus on reproductive behavior in all its aspects. The search for rigorously defined principles of behavioral organization that apply across species and the hormonal and neural mechanisms that sustain them underlies much of the research. Their aims are much like those put forth in the classical ethology of Lorenz and Tinbergen, one of the roots from which behavioral endocrinology has sprung. But there are others that can be traced back a century or more. Antecedents can be found in the work of such pioneers as Jakob von Uexkull, Jacques Loeb, Herbert Spencer Jennings, and particularly Charles Otis Whitman who launched a tradition that culminated in the classical contributions of Robert Hinde and Daniel Lehrman. William C. Young was another pioneer. His studies revolutionized thinking about the physiological mechanisms by which hormones influence behavior. An earlier potent influence was Karl Lashley who helped to shape the career of Frank Ambrose Beach who, more than anyone, has played a leading role in launching this new field.
Fuzzy connectionist expert systems

Summary form only given, as follows. A fuzzy connectionist expert system with learning capabilities is described. The system uses a recruitment-of-cells learning algorithm for knowledge acquisition, and also allows the translation of rules into an equivalent connectionist network. The system contains conventional expert system features such as explanation and consultation facilities. Tests have been conducted to see its capabilities of learning knowledge bases of classification domains from examples, and in all cases it has been compared favorably against existing conventional systems. >
Water Jet Cutting in the Aircraft Industry

ENHANCEMENTS in the cutting of materials such as composites and metals can provide manufacturers in the aerospace and aircraft industries with the improvements they require in productivity and quality.
A rare case of juvenile acute non-proliferative glomerulonephritis with a 6-year follow-up experience

Juvenile acute non-proliferative glomerulonephritis (JANG) is a relatively new clinico-pathological entity established in 2000. A PubMed search revealed only two published reports encompassing 14 cases of JANG. It is distinguished from acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis by the presence of normal serum complement and the absence of diffuse proliferation of mesangial cells in the glomeruli. We report a case of a 4-year-old child that presented with a clinical scenario and renal biopsy findings consistent with JANG. She responded well to treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone for 3 days, followed by gradual taper with oral prednisone. She was monitored closely for a period of 6 years and continues to do well with normal renal parameters and without any medications.
SiO MASERS IN ASYMMETRIC MIRAS. II. R CANCRI

This is the second paper in a series of multi-epoch observations of the SiO masers at 7 mm wavelength in several asymptotic giant branch stars from a sample of Mira variable stars showing evidence of asymmetric structure in the infrared. These stars have been observed interferometrically in the infrared by the Infrared Optical Telescope Array and with Very Long Baseline Array measurements of the SiO masers. In this paper, we present the observations of R Cancri (R Cnc). The systemic velocity of R Cnc is estimated to be 15.8 ± 0.2 km s–1. A comparison is made with the model calculations of Gray et al. which predict some but not all observed features.
Spinal Nicotinic Receptor Expression in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Intrathecal administration of nicotinic agonists previously has been shown to result in exaggerated pressor and heart rate responses as well as greater nociceptive behavior in adult (12-week-old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Paradoxical to these augmented responses to nicotinic agonists in SHR, nicotinic receptor number in the spinal cord as measured by cytisine binding sites is lower in adult SHR than normotensive WKY and Sprague-Dawley rats. Using the high-affinity agonist epibatidine, we found similar differences in receptor number between strains in both in vitro ligand binding experiments with spinal cord membranes and in situ autoradiographic analyses. Spinal nicotinic receptor number did not differ in 5-week-old prehypertensive SHR and age-matched WKY; however, receptor numbers were higher in young rats of both strains than in their adult counterparts. Antihypertensive treatment (25 mg/kg per day hydralazine PO) in 6-week-old SHR from 6 to 12 weeks of age markedly reduced the progressive rise in blood pressure yet did not alter nicotinic receptor number compared with untreated rats. Similar treatment of WKY with hydralazine produced a slight fall in blood pressure but no change in receptor number. Thus, normalization of blood pressure by hydralazine in SHR does not result in a return of receptor expression to levels seen in normotensive rats. Higher centrally mediated pressor activity or augmented postcoupling events after neuronal nicotinic receptor stimulation may slowly downregulate expression of spinal nicotinic receptors in this genetically hypertensive rat strain.