cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural Basis for Dimerization and DNA Binding of Transcription Factor FLI1

FLI1 (Friend leukemia integration 1) is a metazoan transcription factor that is upregulated in a number of cancers. In addition, rearrangements of the fli1 gene cause sarcomas, leukemias, and lymphomas. These rearrangements encode oncogenic transcription factors, in which the DNA binding domain (DBD or ETS domain) of FLI1 on the C-terminal side is fused to a part of an another protein on the N-terminal side. Such abnormal cancer cell-specific fusions retain the DNA binding properties of FLI1 and acquire non-native protein-protein or protein-nucleic acid interactions of the substituted region. As a result, these fusions trigger oncogenic transcriptional reprogramming of the host cell. Interactions of FLI1 fusions with other proteins and with itself play a critical role in the oncogenic regulatory functions, and they are currently under intense scrutiny, mechanistically and as potential novel anticancer drug targets. We report elusive crystal structures of the FLI1 DBD, alone and in complex with cognate DNA containing a GGAA recognition sequence. Both structures reveal a previously unrecognized dimer of this domain, consistent with its dimerization in solution. The homodimerization interface is helix-swapped and dominated by hydrophobic interactions, including those between two interlocking Phe362 residues. A mutation of Phe362 to an alanine disrupted the propensity of this domain to dimerize without perturbing its structure or the DNA binding function, consistent with the structural observations. We propose that FLI1 DBD dimerization plays a role in transcriptional activation and repression by FLI1 and its fusions at promoters containing multiple FLI1 binding sites.
The Role of NGOs in Ameliorating Sweatshop-like Conditions in the Global Supply Chain: The Case of Fair Labor Association (FLA), and Social Accountability International (SAI)

Over the last 20+ years, globalization has made international trade and investment more efficient and productive. In the absence of coordinated global regulatory regimes, it has also made multinational corporations (MNCs) impervious to social concerns in the countries where they operate. There is considerable debate in the academic, political, and business arena as to the causes of the apparently inequitable distribution of benefits between labor and capital. Notwithstanding, the relative merits of this debate, and facing tremendous societal pressure, companies have adopted voluntary codes of conduct to ensure that workers making products for them in poor and developing countries are protected from hazardous working conditions and receive wages that meet local laws and market conditions. These codes, however, suffer from a lack of credibility and proof of substantive compliance. A new type of nongovernmental organization (NGO) has emerged that monitors a company's compliance with prespecified standards and provides assurance to the external stakeholders that the company has fulfilled its voluntary obligations. From an historical perspective, this has been an innovative phenomenon where the monitoring organization purports to act as an honest broker to ensure all concerned that the company/industry has fulfilled its obligations. In this article, we undertake a thorough examination of two such organizations, that is, Fair Labor Association, and Social Accountability International, that have played a pioneering role in bridging the gap between societal expectations and corporate performance. We examine their governance structures, operating procedures, monitoring standards, and public disclosure of findings, and above all, their success in improving the level of corporate compliance with their self-created codes or standards. Unfortunately, our findings and conclusions are disappointing. In our view, the two groups have mostly failed to meet their avowed goals. Rather than using their NGO status to help companies improve their code compliance, they have suffered from managerial capture and have been reduced to corporate apologists.
The 4KEEPS study: identifying predictors of sustainment of multiple practices fiscally mandated in children’s mental health services

Research to date has largely focused on predictors of adoption and initial implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs), yet sustained implementation is crucial to deliver a return on investments in dissemination. Furthermore, most studies focus on single EBPs, limiting opportunities to study the fit between practice characteristics EBPs and implementation contexts. This observational study will characterize implementation sustainment and identify organizational and therapist characteristics that predict sustainment of multiple practices being implemented within a fiscal mandate in the largest public mental health system in the USA. Specific aims are to (1) characterize sustainment outcomes (volume/penetration, EBP concordant care); (2) use mixed methods to characterize inner context (agency- and therapist-level) factors and early implementation conditions; and (3) identify inner context factors and early implementation conditions that predict sustainment outcomes. This study will undertake original data collection and analysis of existing data sources to achieve its aims. Archived reports and documents will be used to characterize early implementation conditions in 102 agencies. Administrative claims data will be used to characterize volume and penetration outcomes over 8 years. Therapist and program manager surveys will be administered to characterize sustained EBP concordant care and inner context determinants of sustainment. An in-depth study in a subset of agencies will yield interview data and recordings of treatment sessions for validation of the EBP concordant care scale. This project will yield new understanding of whether and how multiple EBPs can be sustained in public mental health systems undergoing a policy-driven community implementation effort. We will produce generalizable models for characterizing sustainment, including feasible and flexible measurement of practice across multiple EBPs. The findings will inform the development of implementation interventions to promote sustained delivery of EBPs to maximize their public health impact.
Ventilated Capsule Measurements of Cutaneous Evaporation in Mourning Doves

To determine the contribution of cutaneous water loss to evaporative cooling in Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura), we used a ventilated capsule technique to measure evaporation from the breast, back, and axilla of captive doves at 25 and 350C. Water loss from these surfaces averaged 4.1 ? 0.4 mg m-2 sec-' (SE) at 250C and was highest from the dorsum. At 350C, cutaneous evaporation increased to 8.3 ? 0.9 mg m-2 sec-'. Mean skin water-vapor diffusion resistance of the breast, back, and axilla together was 111.5 ? 9.5 sec/cm at 250C and decreased significantly to 69 ? 8.0 sec/cm at 350C. The large increases in cutaneous evaporation we observed between 25 and 350C result mainly from temperaturedependent reductions in the skin resistance to water loss. Our results suggest that augmented cutaneous evaporation is utilized as a means of heat defense by Mourning Doves.
Measurement of "extracellular fluid space" in infants by equilibration technic using inulin and sodium ferrocyanide.

SummaryA close correlation of “extracellular fluid volume” as measured at equilibration and after collection of totally excreted inulin and sodium ferrocyanide was obtained in infants, thus shortening considerably the time needed for the determination. The ratios between the sodium ferrocyanide and inulin spaces were 0.96 to 1.04. Sodium ferrocyanide equilibrated in a much shorter time than did inulin. The comparative rate of glomerular filtration as measured by inulin and sodium ferrocyanide suggests tubular reabsorption of the latter substance in infants. No evidence of urinary disturbance was found in the infants given sodium ferrocyanide.
Laser Direct Write and Gas Immersion Laser Doping Fabrication of SiC Diodes

Laboratory prototype SiC diodes are fabricated using a combination of gas immersion laser doping (GILD) and laser direct write (LDW) in situ metallization in a commercial SiC wafer. Trimethylaluminum (TMA) and nitrogen are the precursors used to produce p-type and n-type SiC, respectively. Using these techniques, a 150 nm p-type doped junction is fabricated in semiinsulating 6H-SiC and n-doped 4H-SiC wafers. Ohmic contacts are created by laser direct metallization producing carbon rich conductive phases in these doped materials. Alternatively an excimer laser can be used to create silicon rich Schottky contacts. The geometry of the diodes can be vertical or planar to the wafer surface and the laser processes are thought to reduce defect densities in the irradiated areas. These laser-processed diodes are intended for use in high temperature, high voltage and high frequency switching and sensing applications.
Feasibility of Thiocarbamate Pesticide Analysis in Apples by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Supercritical fluid extraction produced comparable results with liquid-solid extraction for the analysis of several thiocarbamate pesticides from apples at the 2 ppm spike level. These results were achieved with a simple one-step extraction procedure. The use of diatomaceous earth (Celite, Supelco, Inc.; Bellefonte, PA) served to increase thiocarbamate recoveries by aiding in the immobilization of the aqueous component of the apple matrix. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet absorbance detection (HPLC-UV) had the most viable means of quantitation when compared with micro-HPLC-sulfur chemiluminescence detection (SCD) and gas chromatography-flame-ionization detection (GC-FID). The small injection volumes used with the micro-HPLC-SCD system made thiocarbamate detection at a spiking level of 2 ppm impossible. SCD did provide, however, valuable qualitative information about the nature of the apple coextractants.
Archaeological Investigations at the De Zavala Point for the Proposed Penn-Texas Shoreline Improvement Project, Harris County, Texas

In May 1990, archaeologists for the Center of Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, conducted a surface survey and subsurface testing program on De Zavala Point, a small tongue of land sticking out into the Houston ship channel in Harris County. The locality has been selected for the construction of a large-vessel docking facility. Survey and testing activities were performed in order to evaluate known archaeological sites and to locate any additional archaeological remains which might be affected by dock construction and operation. In addition, the state of preservation of the important De Zavala historic cemetery (41 HR 487), located within the property, was evaluated. This site has been completely submerged and eroded. Extensive prehistoric archaeological remains were encountered along the shoreline of the study area. Surface and subsurface evaluation of these remains revealed that these archaeological beach deposits are not in situ, being redeposited from inundated ancient land surfaces within the modern ship channel. No significant damage to these archaeological resources is expected with the establishment of the docking facility. In fact, the proposed dock construction will likely halt further subsidence-related degradation to this important historic area. While no further archaeological research is recommended at present, careful monitoring of the initial phases of dredging and dock construction are strongly recommended to insure that any remnants of the original De Zavala home site are not destroyed. The location of this important historic building and any possible associated structures has not been established accurately.
Follow-up of aortic intramural hematoma by electron beam CT

Objective To evaluate the dynamic changing and prognosis of aortic intramural hematoma(IMH) by electron beam CT(EBCT).Methods A retrospective study was performed during a period of time from January 2002 to September 2004.Twenty-three patients with aortic IMH were scanned by EBCT more than 2 times.The patients were followed-up for 4-405 days(mean 105.8 days).Mean follow-up was 105.84 days.In this group of 23 patients(19 men and 4 women,aged from 30 to 81 years,mean 57.78 years) who had been undergone EBCT were diagnosed with IMH.EBCT scanner was used with a model of Imatron C-150XP.Contrast-enhanced continuous volume scanning(CVS) was performed.The slice thickness was 6 mm or 3 mm with an acquisition time of 100 milliseconds.A total amount of contrast media(Ultravist 300 or 320,or Ominpaque 300 or 320 mg/ml) of 80-100 ml was used with the rate of 3.5-4.5 ml/s.The scan delayed time was 18-30 s.Results Four patients with Standford A IMH were diagnosed.Among them,3 patients were observed complete regression,1 patient was observed without changing.Nineteen patients with Standford B IMH were diagnosed.Among them,9 patients were observed in complete regression,4 patients were observed incomplete regression,4 patients were observed without changing,2 patients were observed in progression on EBCT.From 4 days to 15 days,IMH was observed without change or worse.From 16 days to 30 days IMH was observed regression.Conclusion EBCT was a very useful tool for detecting and following up of IMH.The different features of the involved aortic walls shown on EBCT were used for planning surgery.
The Ethical Status of Civility

Civility, as its name implies, denotes a quality or social form characteristic of a particular kind of human association: a civil society. In its idealized form, civility can be said to be the distinctive virtue or excellence of the civil association, in the way that courage is for military associations or industriousness for enterprise associations. This means that the topic of civility can be discussed in any number of ways, depending on what one understands to be taken in by the notion of civil society. Minimally, a civil society can simply designate the rule of law, and civility would then mean law-abidingness or an enduring, stable disposition toward law-abidingness, together with various manifestations of such a disposition. Any fuller understanding of the meaning and various dimensions of civil virtues and their relation to civility (virtues such as public-spiritedness, civic responsibility, and patriotism) will then depend on one's theory of the modern polity itself – the civitas , its origins, social purpose, and authority – all in order to define the nature of a civis and the various virtues of such a human type. Here the original or fundamental question would be: What makes a human association a civil one (or to use our more familiar but now quite complex and confusing term, a “political” one)? and such a question leads one quickly to the land of philosophical giants, to the likes of Aristotle, Hobbes, and Hegel and to very daunting, intimidating issues.
Violence, Sex, Race, and Age in Popular Video Games: A Content Analysis.

After dinner in a suburban American home, a 13-year-old boy plays a video game alone in his bedroom. On the screen, the boy's hero, Duke Nukem, approaches a strip club where, before entering, he guns down the local authorities. Duke is a young, White man—blond and tan, with huge, rippling muscles. On entering the club, he sees several virtually naked young women dancing on poles, moaning and gyrating. He shoots and kills one of the young women. As her screams fade, Duke fires his witty retort, "Too bad, she was cute."
Effects of work surface angles on Movement patterns of the arm in performing a simple manual task

A number of studies utilizing work stations have been recorded in the literature. Extensive anthropometrical studies involving ranges of body measurements were conducted on work stations by the armed forces during World War I, World War II, and the Korean War, and these data are readily available.
Learning by Taking Apart: Deconstructing Code by Reading, Tracing, and Debugging

This theoretical paper discusses several lines of research which support the premise that people learning to program can do so more effectively and efficiently if they spend as much time deconstructing code (reading, tracing, and debugging) as they do writing code. This work builds upon research in computing education on reading and tracing code, and in education psychology on learning from worked-examples and errors. A graphical model is included of cognitive science principles that scaffold the process of learning to solve problems. A sample learning progression is provided for teachers and instructional designers. The progression begins with low-stakes deconstructionist activities such as exploring, identifying, comparing, and debugging, before activities that require writing code. Deconstructionism is discussed as a pedagogy and learning theory complementary to Seymour Papert's Constructionism.
PATERNAL DEPRIVATION AFFECTS SOCIAL BEHAVIORS AND NEUROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS IN THE OFFSPRING OF SOCIALLY MONOGAMOUS PRAIRIE VOLES

Abstract Early life experiences, particularly the experience with parents, are crucial to phenotypic outcomes in both humans and animals. Although the effects of maternal deprivation on offspring well-being have been studied, paternal deprivation (PD) has received little attention despite documented associations between father absence and children health problems in humans. In the present study, we utilized the socially monogamous prairie vole ( Microtus ochrogaster ), which displays male–female pair bonding and bi-parental care, to examine the effects of PD on adult behaviors and neurochemical expression in the hippocampus. Male and female subjects were randomly assigned into one of two experimental groups that grew up with both the mother and father (MF) or with the mother-only (MO, to generate PD experience). Our data show that MO subjects received less parental licking/grooming and carrying and were left alone in the nest more frequently than MF subjects. At adulthood (∼75 days of age), MO subjects displayed increased social affiliation (SOA) toward a conspecific compared to MF subjects, but the two groups did not differ in social recognition (SOR) and anxiety-like behavior. Interestingly, MO subjects showed consistent increases in both gene and protein expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) as well as the levels of total histone 3 and histone 3 acetylation in the hippocampus compared to MF subjects. Further, PD experience increased glucocorticoid receptor beta (GRβ) protein expression in the hippocampus of females as well as increased corticotrophin receptor 2 (CRHR2) protein expression in the hippocampus of males, but decreased CRHR2 mRNA in both sexes. Together, our data suggest that PD has a long-lasting, behavior-specific effect on SOA and alters hippocampal neurochemical systems in the vole brain. The functional role of such altered neurochemical systems in social behaviors and the potential involvement of epigenetic events should be further studied.
International solidarity and ethnic boundaries: using the Israeli–Palestinian conflict to strengthen ethno‐national claims in Northern Ireland

While scholars have described vertical nation-building narratives that genealogically anchor a specific group to a specific territory (Smith 1981; Eriksen 2002), I argue that, in addition to vertical strategies, expressions of international solidarity constitute horizontal nation-building strategies. Expressions of international solidarity can be used to maintain local ethnic boundaries and reinforce local divisions. By adopting an ally, expressions of international solidarity also designate an adversary, making the boundary between the two a possible incentive for solidarity. In Northern Ireland, some Unionist and Nationalist political entrepreneurs rely on expressions of international solidarity with Israelis or Palestinians, respectively, to make adversarial ethno-national claims to the nation-state. This study examines flags, graffiti, murals and political speech on display in Northern Ireland that advocate for either Israelis or Palestinians. Through the concept of ‘borrowed legitimacy’, I acknowledge the strategic use of the ethnic boundary in expressions of international solidarity.
Student Preference of a Customized, Open-Access Multi-touch Digital Textbook in a Graduate Education Course

The purpose of this article is to add to the collective body of research regarding the use of digital books (or eTexts) and their preference by students in higher education. Although there have been many studies in this area, the findings are not necessarily consistent. One reason for this inconsistency is the rapid evolution of e-reading capabilities through recent advances in tablet computing. No empirical studies currently exist to describe the impact of multi-touch interactive eTexts, which are only accessible on these latest tablet computers. The purpose of this study was to determine how graduate pre-service teacher education students perceive the interactivity, engagement, and value of customized course eTexts. Participants in this quasi-experimental study rated the level of interactivity, engagement, and value of three eText formats: page fidelity (Adobe PDF), reflowable text (Kindle ePub), and multi-touch (Apple iBooks). Users of the multi-touch eText reported a significantly more interactive and engaging experience with their text than the other eText users. The experiment also revealed that students overwhelmingly prefer a free, customized open-access text for use in their course, no matter what eText format is used.
Alternative Super-Enhancer States Determine MYC Sensitivity to Notch and Brd4 Inhibitors in T Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

Gain-of-function NOTCH1 mutations are oncogenic drivers in a high fraction of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-LL). These mutations variously cause increased production or stabilization of the free intracellular domain of NOTCH1, which regulates gene expression by forming a transcription complex with the DNA-binding factor RBPJ and coactivators of the MAML family. Using expression profiling and ChIP-seq, we have shown that NOTCH1/RBPJ complexes activate most target genes by binding to super-enhancers, large regulatory elements that switch on transcription through long-range interactions with gene promoters. MYC is a critical target of Notch in normal and malignant pre-T cells, but how Notch regulates MYC is unknown. To understand which regulatory element(s) regulate MYC expression, we used chromatin conformation capture (3C) assays to test the interaction between putative enhancer(s) and the MYC promoter in T-LL cell lines, and reporter gene assays to confirm enhancer function of candidate sites. We identified a distal site located >1 Mb 3’ of human and murine MYC termed the Notch-dependent MYC enhancer (NDME) that binds Notch transcription complexes and physically interacts with the MYC proximal promoter. An ~1 kb DNA fragment containing this site activates a luciferase reporter gene in a Notch-dependent fashion in T-LL cells but not in heterologous cell types. The Notch binding site lies within a large enhancer region (>600 kb in breadth) containing multiple discrete H3K27ac peaks. Remarkably, acute changes in Notch activation produce rapid changes in H3K27 acetylation across the entire enhancer region and the MYC promoter that correlate with NOTCH1/RBPJ complex binding and MYC expression. T-LL cells selected for resistance to gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) exhibit epigenetic silencing of the NDME and loss of NDME looping interactions with the MYC promoter, yet maintain MYC expression. 3C analysis of GSI resistant cells shows preferential interaction between the MYC promoter and a more 3’ enhancer element recently described as a BRD4-dependent regulator of MYC expression in acute myeloid leukemia cells. In line with this observation, BRD4 antagonists are potent inhibitors of MYC expression in GSI resistant T-LL cells but not GSI-sensitive cells. We also studied a case of Notch-mutated early T-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL). ChIP-Seq analysis of the leukemic blasts revealed an “AML-like” MYC enhancer chromatin state, and as predicted from our analysis of cell lines, the blasts rapidly down-regulated MYC in response to BRD4 inhibitor but not in response to GSI. These findings suggest that specific MYC chromatin states predict responsiveness to Notch and BRD4 inhibitors, and provide a rationale for use of Notch and BRD4 inhibitor combinations in Notch-mutated leukemias. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Independent associations between a metabolic syndrome severity score and future diabetes by sex and race: the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study and Jackson Heart Study

Aims/hypothesis The study aimed to assess for an association between the degree of severity of the metabolic syndrome and risk of type 2 diabetes beyond that conferred by the individual components of the metabolic syndrome.
Individual-Level Fitness and Absenteeism in New York City Middle School Youths, 2006-2013.

Introduction Youth health-related fitness positively affects academic outcomes, although limited research has focused on the relationship between fitness and school absenteeism. We examined the longitudinal association between individual children's fitness and lagged school absenteeism over 4 years in urban middle schools. Methods Six cohorts of New York City public school students were followed from grades 5 through 8 (school years 2006-2007 through 2012-2013; n = 349,381). A 3-level longitudinal generalized linear mixed model was used to test the association of change in fitness composite percentile scores and 1-year lagged child-specific days absent. Results Adjusted 3-level negative binomial models showed that students with a more than 20% increase, 10% to 20% increase, less than 10% increase or decrease, and 10% to 20% decrease in fitness from the year prior had 11.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.2-16.8), 6.1% (95% CI, 1.0-11.4), 2.6% (95% CI, -1.1 to 6.5), and 0.4% (95% CI, -4.3 to 5.4) lower absenteeism compared with students with a more than 20% fitness decrease. Conclusion Cumulative effects of fitness improvement could have a significant impact on child absenteeism over time, particularly in high-need subgroups. Future research should examine the potential for school-based fitness interventions to reduce absenteeism rates, particularly for youths who have fitness drop-offs in adolescence.
Expression of an Algal Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Gene in E. Coli

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) is a biotin-containing enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA, which is one of the earliest steps in fatty acid biosynthesis. We have previously reported the isolation and characterization of the ACCase enzyme and gene from the alga Cyclotella cryptica [1, 2]. The enzyme is large (-800 kD), and appears to be composed of four identical multifunctional subunits. The biotin carboxylase, biotin carboxylase carrier protein (BCCP), and carboxyltransferase domains of the polypeptide are in the same arrangement as in yeast and animal ACCases. The gene contains two introns (73 bp and 447 bp) and a region that encodes a putative signal sequence that could target the newly synthesized polypeptide through the endoplasmic reticulum and into the chloroplast.
Some engine oil additives and their effects on antiwear film formation

Engine oils contain several additives dissolved or dispersed in a hydrocarbon oil base. Each of these additives are meant to perform one or more functions, which may or may not relate directly to friction and wear. The performance of additive mixtures, however, cannot usually be predicted in a simple fashion, such as, for example, by a rule‐of‐mixtures approach. In addition, additives which are meant to perform functions unrelated to friction and wear may impact the efficacy of friction and wear additives. Many of these effects can be explained by the study of additive interactions by various spectroscopic, colligative and other physical chemical methods. This paper presents a review of published information on that topic, with a view to stimulate further work as well as to provide insight on issues facing engine oil formulators.
SPLITTING THE BABY: AVOIDING FORECLOSURE WHEN HOMEOWNERS HAVE UNCERTAIN OR CONFLICTING INTERESTS

Cleaving an infant in twain results in a substantial loss of utility for both the baby and those who hold it dear. The threat of forcing such a result can give one party an extraordinary and inequitable amount of control over another. As the story illustrates, this result should be avoided whenever possible. An analogous, albeit less gruesome, problem arises where one party is threatened with the loss of a home and the shelter it provides through foreclosure due to the concern that a coowner might lose a trivial amount of home equity. Preventing foreclosure can avert significant losses to homeowners, their families, lenders, and the surrounding community. This Article explores how homeownership can be preserved in cases where a homeowner is not able to secure the full cooperation of all borrowers on the account. This
ACTIVE GROWTH FAULT ON SEAWARD EDGE OF BLAKE PLATEAU

ABSTRACT A recent seismic-reflection survey revealed a major growth fault on the eastern edge of the Blake Plateau near the northwestern end of the Blake Plateau Outer Ridge some 150 km southeast of Cape Fear, North Carolina. Minisparker and single-channel, airgun profiles (800 joule sparker, 80 in 3 airgun) were obtained along seven dip lines spaced 10-km apart and 80-km long and tied by three strike lines in addition to a multichannel profile line. The fault strikes north-northeast for approximately 50 km, dips steeply to the southeast, and has at least 200 m and possibly 400 m of normal offset. It is the largest fault known to offset the Tertiary sediments on the Atlantic coast. Although no offset can be resolved at the seafloor, a 3-m offset occurs 40 m beneath the seafloor. Removal of salt at depth resulting in subsidence of overlying material has been proposed as a possible mechanism producing the faulting.
Constraints and Lagrangian Coordinates

Constraints are limitations imposed on thegeometrical or kinematic configuration of a mechanical system. For example, in a rigid motion any two points are required to beat constant mutual distance. This is a rigidity constraint. A system with one of its points constrained on a surface is an example of a constrained mechanical system. Assume that a point P moves, being constrained to a surface \(\mathcal{S}\subset {\mathbb{R}}^{3}\).
Family Economics, Public Policy, and Inequality: Diverging Family Fortunes and the Risk to the US Economy

This chapter describes income inequality since the mid-1800s, and the public policies that lessened it. These include the redistribution of income through New Deal and War on Poverty policies such as AFDC, unemployment and disability insurance, and food stamps. Private businesses’ attempts to divert public policy measures with welfare capitalism, including private provisioning of health insurance, pensions, and other social benefits, are described. The chapter outlines the economics of the intergenerational transmission of inequality. It then turns to public policies that have worsened family inequality, including discriminatory housing policy, incarceration and criminal justice policies, and the lack of universal health insurance. It describes worsening inequality and the risks to the US economy, and proposes education, income transfer, and tax policies that would be important to reducing family inequality.
Security Risk Assessment in Electronic Health Record System

This paper identifies and quantifies the risks of security breaches associated with Electronic Health Record (EHR) in healthcare organizations. This study analyzes data from the Data Breach Disclosure Report published by US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to determine actual rates of types of breaches, the volume and the average cost of each type of breach. We also propose a procedure to derive rates of breach types and the calculation of SLE (Single Loss Expectancy) to quantify and assess the security risk associated with EHR.
Multi-Ring Mirror-Based Narrow-Linewidth Widely-Tunable Lasers in Heterogeneous Silicon Photonics

We designed and fabricated narrow-linewidth widely-tunable lasers with multiring mirrors. A laser using a triple-ring mirror with 55 dB average SMSR across 30 nm tuning range and a record narrow linewidth of 17.5 kHz was demonstrated in heterogeneous silicon photonics.
Missing Modality Transfer Learning

In reality, however, we always confront such a problem that no target data are achievable, especially when data are multi-modal. Under this situation, the target modality is blind in the training stage, while only the source modality can be obtained. We define such a problem as Missing Modality Problem in transfer learning.
US real estate inflation prediction: Exchange rates and net foreign assets

Abstract The recent housing price inflation forecasting literature has focused on the use of domestic variables for prediction of housing price inflation. However, around 7% of all US housing sales are attributed to international buyers; a potentially important market force. Further, international finance theory finds a role for foreign savings shocks in causing the housing price bubble of the last decade. Under floating exchange rate regimes, the Dornbusch model predicts shocks to domestic or foreign economies will be reflected in exchange rates. When exchange rates are fixed, shocks are likely to affect the net foreign asset holdings. In this study, I examine the role of exchange rates returns and the net change in foreign asset holdings in improving US real estate inflation forecasts. I conduct in-sample and out-of-sample comparison of forecasting models relative to an autoregressive baseline model. I find that the inclusion of foreign sector variables can improve the US real estate inflation forecasts by up to 40%. This improvement is mostly driven by changes in the net foreign asset holdings at longer horizons. The results are robust to samples at the metropolitan level although with different gains.
Temperature dependent behavior of optical loss from hydrogen species in optical fibers

This study reports on the temperature dependent behavior of absorption bands generated in optical fibers via hydrogen exposure at 800 °C. Hydrogen exposure at 800 °C resulted in the generation of two large absorption bands in the 1-2.5 μm wavelength range at ~1.4 μm and ~2.2 μm. These bands showed temperature dependent behavior when in the temperature range of 20–800 °C such that at higher temperatures the absorption intensity in these two bands was smaller than at room temperature. The temperature dependent behavior was shown to be reversible and repeatable under an array of testing conditions including thermal cycling and long periods of time without hydrogen exposure. The reversibility suggests that no chemical change is taking place while the repeatability suggests that no permanent structural change in the glass is taking place. Although both absorption bands are associated with hydroxyl groups and exhibited similar temperature dependence, variations were observed with respect to time and exposure environment. Therefore, we surmised that the observed behaviors were not exclusive to the hydroxyl bond and/or structural modifications. In this paper, we discuss the possible mechanisms responsible for the observed phenomena and, conversely, the conditions that would be necessary to induce the structural changes that would induce changes in the absorption intensities.
Metastatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma treated with everolimus in a patient receiving hemodialysis: A case report.

Introduction A patient undergoing hemodialysis and being treated with everolimus for metastatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma has never been described in the literature, to our knowledge. Case presentation A 53-year-old woman who had undergone trans-arterial embolization for epithelioid angiomyolipoma was referred with a chief complaint about right knee pain. Hemodialysis had been started after the embolization. Needle biopsy specimens of tumors obtained from behind the right kidney and in the right femur were diagnosed as epithelioid angiomyolipoma metastases. The patient underwent treatment with everolimus and achieved a partial response after 6 months of treatment without serious adverse events. Conclusion Everolimus might be effective for patients with metastatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma who are undergoing hemodialysis.
The road to implementing an ecosystem-based approach to high seas fisheries management

Abstract As we continue learning about the ecological ramifications of emerging open ocean uses, the question remains as to whether we are managing and monitoring these activities closely enough to ensure the health and stability of the global ocean and the ecosystem services that it provides. The call for a more ecologically holistic approach to management, particularly that of fisheries, has been growing over the last few decades. This chapter will explore oceanic fisheries through the lens of international governance, fisheries management, and pelagic ecology, in order to assess if and how the international community is implementing a more holistic ecosystem approach to fisheries (also known as ecosystem-based fisheries management) in international waters.
“May the Lord Shield and Protect Us from the Terrible Storm Ahead of Us”: Elite South Carolina Women's Anticipation of Secession and War, 1860–1861

This essay examines the letters and diaries of elite South Carolina women from September 1860 to February 1861, during which the state seceded and eventually helped found the Confederacy. Women used emotional and religious language to express their own political consciousness without transgressing their proper societal roles. Examining their fears and anguish as Abraham Lincoln's election, and then secession, approached, I argue that women astutely anticipated war and violence in ways often more prescient than their male counterparts as they were unfettered by masculine ideals of honor. This emotions history shines necessary light on women during secession, a topic often overlooked by scholars of secession.
Canonical Wnts Mediate CD8 + T Cell Noncytolytic Anti-HIV-1 Activity and Correlate with HIV-1 Clinical Status

CD8+ T cells do not rely solely on cytotoxic functions for significant HIV control. Moreover, the noncytotoxic CD8+ T cell antiviral response is a primary mediator of natural HIV control such as that seen in HIV elite controllers and long-term nonprogressors that does not require combined antiretroviral therapy. In this study, we investigated the biological factors contributing to the noncytotoxic control of HIV replication mediated by primary human CD8+ T cells. We report that canonical Wnt signaling inhibits HIV transcription in an MHC-independent, noncytotoxic manner and that mediators of this pathway correlate with HIV controller clinical status. We show that CD8+ T cells express all 19 Wnts and CD8+ T cell-conditioned medium (CM) induced canonical Wnt signaling in infected recipient cells while simultaneously inhibiting HIV transcription. Antagonizing canonical Wnt activity in CD8+ T cell CM resulted in increased HIV transcription in infected cells. Further, Wnt2b expression was upregulated in HIV controllers versus viremic patients, and in vitro depletion of Wnt2b and/or Wnt9b from CD8+ CM reversed HIV inhibitory activity. Finally, plasma concentration of Dkk-1, an antagonist of canonical Wnt signaling, was higher in viremic patients with lower CD4 counts. This study demonstrates that canonical Wnt signaling inhibits HIV and significantly correlates with HIV controller status.
Relative Frequency of Psychiatric, Neurodevelopmental, and Somatic Symptoms as Reported by Mothers of Children with Autism Compared with ADHD and Typical Samples.

No study has analyzed the relative occurrence of a broad range of symptoms reported by mothers of children with autism, ADHD-Combined, and ADHD-Inattentive and typical controls. Mothers rated 1436 children with autism, 1056 with ADHD without autism, and 186 controls, 2–17 years, on 41 internalizing, externalizing, neurodevelopmental, and somatic problems. Most children with autism had symptoms of ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, and expressive language disorder and almost half had dysgraphia and receptive language disorder. Symptom overlap between autism and ADHD-Combined was high. Clinicians specializing in autism and ADHD must have expertise in evaluating and treating these comorbidities identified as most problematic by mothers in order to relieve family concerns and develop treatment plans relevant to families.
Euler–Maclaurin expansions without analytic derivatives

The EulerMaclaurin (EM) formulae relate sums and integrals. Discovered nearly 300 years ago, they have lost none of their importance over the years, and are nowadays routinely taught in scientific ...
Geophysical survey locates an elusive Tlingit fort in south-east Alaska

A large-scale geophysical survey conducted recently in Alaska has confirmed the location of a fort associated with a pivotal battle between Tlingit people and Russian colonising forces. The find is preceded by a century of attempts to locate the fort, which the authors have now identified from its unusual shape.
Functional and clinical neuroanatomy: A guide for health care professionals: J. Moini & P. Piran, London, UK: Elsevier, 2020

Functional and Clinical Neuroanatomy: A Guide for Health Care Professionals is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to neuroanatomy. The authors are well-positioned to provide an engaging ov...
Anatomy and physiology of the palatine tonsils, adenoids, and lingual tonsils

Abstract Objective This review aims to discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils, with reference to how this foundational understanding may affect patient management and surgical procedures in these regions of the upper airway. Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar using the MeSH terms tonsils, adenoids, anatomy, physiology, and adenotonsillectomy. Primary sources were excluded if they were abstracts only, non-English language, or non-human studies. Thirty-five sources were included in this review. Results and conclusions The pharyngeal and palatine tonsils are compact yet physiologically complex mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues that make up a portion of Waldeyer's ring. As part of the mucosal immune system, these structures function in exogenous antigen sampling and stimulation of immune responses. Aberrant immune activation and/or regulation can lead to a myriad of pathologies, with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, chronic tonsillitis/adenoiditis, and recurrent otitis media among the most commonly encountered conditions by otolaryngologists. While the pathophysiology of these conditions is still incompletely understood, current evidence and future investigations may reveal patterns amenable to targeted medical management. When medical management fails, tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy may be indicated for patient care. Though routine procedures, the execution of tonsil and/or adenoid removal requires a thorough understanding of the anatomy of these lymphoepithelial organs so as to minimize the risk for rare serious complications that can occur.
Responding to Changes in HIV Policy: Updating and Enhancing the "Families Matter!" Curriculum.

Objectives:The past decade has seen changes in US HIV policy in sub-Saharan Africa in response to a new Administration and far-reaching technical, scientific and programmatic developments. These include dramatically increased access to life-saving anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and related services, the roll-out of voluntary medical male circumcision and growing sensitivity to gender-based violence, including child sexual abuse, and to its role in increasing vulnerability to HIV. The Families Matter! Program (FMP) is an intervention for parents and caregivers of 9- to 12-year-olds that promotes effective parent–child communication about sexuality and sexual risk reduction. FMP was adapted from a US evidence-based intervention in 2003–2004 and is now implemented in eight African countries. In 2012–2013, the FMP curriculum was updated and enhanced to respond to new US Government priorities.Methods:Enhancements to the curriculum drew on the results of Violence Against Children surveys, on a review of existing...
Reading Wood v. Lucy , Lady Duff-Gordon with Help from the Kewpie Dolls

In Wood v. Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon, Cardozo found consideration in an apparently illusory contract by implying a reasonable effort obligation. Unbeknownst to Cardozo, Wood had agreed to represent Rose O'Neill, the inventory of the kewpie doll in an earlier exclusive contract. Wood sued O'Neill two months prior to entering into the Lucy arrangement. That contract included an explicit best efforts clause. The failure to include such a clause in this contract was, quite likely, deliberate, suggesting that Wood was trying to avoid making a binding commitment to Lucy. The paper examines both the kewpie doll and Lucy contract in some detail. It then goes on to argue that the decision's role in finding consideration is probably minimal - it would be easy enough for the parties to provide an alternative source of consideration if they desired. The mischief of the opinion is its impact on contract interpretation. The UCC and some common law courts have taken to imposing a vague effort standard on promisors, even if there exists an explicit source of consideration.
Cardiac conduction in the Kearns-Sayre syndrome (a neuromuscular disorder associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and pigmentary retinopathy). Report of 2 cases and review of 17 published cases.

Abstract Data were collected on 19 patients with the Kearns-Sayre syndrome, 17 described in published reports and 2 seen by the authors; this allowed a critical analysis to be made of cardiologic manifestations in this disorder. Complete heart block was present in two subjects and developed in two others while they were under observation; and Mobitz type II second degree atrioventricular (A-V) block was present in four. Sixteen patients had left anterior fascicular block alone or in combination with right bundle branch block. Four patients whose surface electrocardiogram revealed bifascicular block had a His bundle electrogram revealing trifascicular disease. Two patients had a short P-R interval, and two more had enhanced A-V conduction (short A-H intervals) on His bundle electrography. The observations indicate that in the Kearns-Sayre syndrome the myocardium is largely or completely unaffected while the conduction system is selectively involved. Two seemingly contradictory alterations in cardiac conduction appear to coexist, namely, progressive impairment of infranodal conduction and increased velocity of A-V nodal conduction. Reentrant supraventricular tachycardia may be related to abnormal conduction characteristics of the A-V node. The small incidence of P-R interval prolongation apparently reflects a reciprocal interplay between enhanced A-V nodal and prolonged infranodal conduction. The lifethreatening risk is high degree infranodal heart block (accounting for three deaths in patients aged 13 to 16 years). The need for prophylactic pacemakers is underscored (six patients between 12 and 28 years were alive with a pacemaker).