cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of induced mood on causal attributions for success and failure

The present research examined the influence of induced mood on causal perception and goal expectancies for an achievement-oriented activity. Prior to the administration of a laboratory task, positive and negative moods were experimentally induced in student volunteers. It was found that elated subjects were initially more confident of success than subjects temporarily made to feel depressed. Furthermore, following the receipt of bogus success/failure feedback, individuals in a positive mood perceived the causes of success as more stable than subjects in a negative mood. In addition, the judgments of elated subjects appear to have been biased in a self-enhancing direction following success, but outcome had no effect on the causal attributions of subjects temporarily induced to feel depressed. The findings indicate that prevailing affective state is an important determinant of causal perception, and suggest that mood may play a central role in the accurate or biased perception of valenced outcomes.
Design of grate inlets with a clogging factor

Abstract The design procedure for sizing a single-grate inlet has been expanded to the design of multiple-grate inlets. The decay function derived in this study converts a single grate clogging factor into a multiple-grate clogging factor. The design procedure has been revised to apply the clogging factor to the length of the inlet. The revised equation provides consistent predictions of the required length of a grate inlet on a sloping street.
Latino Incorporation and Racialized Border Politics in the Heartland: Interior Enforcement and Policeability in an English-Only State

This article examines how the interplay among context of reception and interior enforcement and policeability policies and practices shapes Latino incorporation into Perry, a rural new destination ...
Use of Polyglycolic Acid Mesh to Support Parenchymal Closure Following Partial Nephrectomy

AbstractPurpose: We describe the use of absorbable mesh for closure of a large parenchymal defect created by partial nephretomy.Materials and Methods: A circular piece of polyglycolic acid mesh was measured to approximate the diameter of the parenchymal defect and the edges were sutured to the renal capsule in a running fashion.Results: This technique has been used in 3 patients without complications. This approach has been particularly helpful for repairing large and irregular renal parenchymal defects.Conclusions: Use of polyglycolic acid mesh is effective for rapid, hemostatis closure of the kidney in association with partial nephrectomy.
Can Legal Interventions Change Beliefs? The Effect of Exposure to Sexual Harassment Policy on Men's Gender Beliefs

In spite of the relative success of equal opportunity laws on women's status in the workplace, we know little about the influence of such legal interventions on people's attitudes and beliefs. This paper focuses, in particular, on how sexual harassment policy affects men's beliefs about the gender hierarchy. We employ an experimental design in which we measure the effect of a policy intervention on men's explicit and implicit gender beliefs. Results show that the sexual harassment policy did not alter explicit gender beliefs. Explicit beliefs changed in a different way, however. Compared to the baseline condition, participants in the policy intervention condition believed that most people think both men and women are lower-status, less competent, and less considerate. The policy intervention also affected implicit gender beliefs. Participants in the policy condition displayed more entrenched male-advantaged gender beliefs compared to the baseline condition. We interpret this as evidence that sexual harass...
Kalman-Based Periodic Coefficient Update for FIR Adaptive Filters

This paper presents a novel partial update algorithm for FIR adaptive filters based on a Kalman background engine. In the proposed system, a Kalman filter is setup with the coefficients of the full adaptive filter as the states to be estimated. The observation of the Kalman filter is the subset of the coefficients of the adaptive FIR filter being updated. It is shown that this setup allows for an improved estimation of the full set of filter coefficients despite the partial update. We propose two methods for postmortem improvements on an ordinary M-Tap periodic update LMS. We also propose a Kalman feedback method, in conjunction with a 1-Tap periodic update TMS, which has a similar performance to a full length LMS, for non-stationary system identification.
Inflammation, obesity, and the promise of immunotherapy for metabolic disease

Why do obese patients get sick? What underlies the pathogenesis of the many diseases associated with obesity? As recently as 50 years ago, the answer was mechanical stress on a variety of organ systems from the increased body weight. However, although this might explain osteoarthritis and venous stasis disease, it is not a satisfying explanation for diabetes, liver disease, allergic disease, cancer, and the many other diseases that are increased in incidence in the presence of obesity. What is it about excess adipose tissue that causes metabolic disease? The answer lies in one of the most important realizations in the field of obesity in the past 20 years: that obesity is associated with a state of chronic systemic inflammation and this inflammatory state, this hyperactivation of the immune system, underlies the pathogenesis of virtually every metabolic disease that afflicts the obese. An exciting recent study came from investigators at the University of Pennsylvania, who treated patients with endstage leukemia with their own immune T cells, genetically modified in the test tube to target leukemic cells. This “high-tech” immunotherapy achieved durable and complete remission in most of a small group of subjects, who were otherwise expected to live only months, and has generated much excitement and hope [1]. Manipulating physiologic processes as fundamental as the immune system also entails risk. In 2006, TeGenero, Incorporated, a German Biotech company, administered a monoclonal antibody designed to treat autoimmune disease to human volunteers in a Phase I safety trial. Despite previous safety testing in rodents and
Provincialism Exhibited by Ordovician Conodont Faunas: ABSTRACT

Throughout the Ordovician, 2 well-distinguished provinces were delineated by distribution of conodonts in the northern hemisphere. One, the North Atlantic province, includes all of northwest Europe, the British Isles, and a tract in the eastern Appalachians that stretches from Newfoundland on the north to Georgia and Alabama on the south. A second, the North American Mid-Continent province, embraces all of interior North America, the western belts of the Appalachians, and at least part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Although there was limited and episodic exchange between North Atlantic and North American Mid-Continent conodont faunas, and vicarism is evident between some elements, the two were strikingly different and apparently largely unrelated. Limited information suggests that Mid-Continent faunas were also characteristic of at least parts of the Siberian platform, and elements of these faunas are known also from the Ordovician of New Zealand and Australia. Paleogeographic, paleotectonic, and paleomagnetic considerations suggest that the Mid-Continent fauna developed at low latitudes, perhaps astride the Ordovician equator, and that the North Atlantic fauna was characteristic of higher latitudes. This suggestion is reinforced by the presence of mixed or modified North Atlantic and Mid-Continent faunas in rocks that accumulated at relatively more deeply submerged sites in the Mid-Continent or Cordilleran areas. Water temperature was probably the most important factor in defining boundaries between the 2 recognizable provinci l faunas. End_of_Article - Last_Page 657------------
Assignment of Responsibility for Marital Conflict to Husbands and Wives: Sex Stereotypes or a Double Standard?:

Male and female students from three universities were asked to rate how much conflict in six areas of marriage is caused by the husband and how much conflict is caused by the wife. It was concluded that both males and females still hold to the stereotype of assigning responsibility for conflict in housekeeping to wives and responsibility for conflict in family finances to husbands. Males in one sample showed a double standard by blaming wives more than husbands for over-all conflict in marriage. Females were equal in over-all attribution of marital conflict to husbands and wives.
Photodissociation of silver–coronene cluster cations

Abstract Gas phase complexes of coronene and silver are produced in a molecular beam and studied with time-of-flight mass spectrometry and laser photodissociation. The cation complexes are produced in a pulsed nozzle laser vaporization cluster source using a silver rod coated with a sublimed film of coronene. Cluster masses of the form Agx–(cor)y+ are observed for x = 0, 1, 2 and y = 1–3. Mass-selected photodissociation experiments probe the structure and bonding in these new cluster species. These studies demonstrate that silver binds weakly to coronene and that cation clusters of pure coronene have substantial stability.
Kurosawa's Throne of Blood and East Asia's Macbeth

Yuwen Hsiung presents in her paper, "Kurosawa's Throne of Blood and East Asia's Macbeth," a comparative study between Kurosawa's film Throne of Blood and a contemporary Taiwanese play, Kingdom of Desire, both of which are adaptations of Shakespeare's Macbeth. Stepping from Eastern cultural background, both show similar orientation towards the original play, for instance the sizing down of the number of witches and the decreasing of Macbeth's heroic status. Gilles Deleuze's theory of movement image provides an insightful look into Kurosawa's filmology, which emphasizes the interrelatedness of every individual under the same condition. The idea of collectivity could be examined in two ways, diachronically and synchronically: Kingdom of Desire, although it resembles Throne of Blood in terms of plot, brings our attention back to individuality by focusing on the transformation of the protagonist. Macbeth, the character, would never appeal to the traditional Chinese theater; however, it is made accessible in Chinese culture by centering on individual responsibility towards one's own action. Yuwen Hsiung, "Kurosawa's Throne of Blood and East Asia's Macbeth" page 2 of 9 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 6.1 (2004):
External irradiation in the management of stage II endometrial carcinoma. A logical approach

Twenty-nine patients with stage II endometrial carcinoma were reviewed and the possible risk factors involved in state II disease are presented. Twenty-four patients received external irradiation as part of their treatment with or without intracavitary or intravaginal radium and/or TAH BSO. The 5-year actuarial survival in our series was 81.4%. The data showed that preoperative external irradiation can be effectively administered without undue complication. A strong argument against the traditional use of preoperative intracavitary radium is presented. Preoperative external irradiation administered with a 4-field box technique to deliver a minimum dose of 5000 rad in 5--6 weeks to all the structures at risk is the recommended treatment for stage II endometrial carcinoma.
Formation of transient covalent protein and DNA adducts by quercetin in cells with and without oxidative enzyme activity

This study investigates the role of cellular tyrosinase and/or peroxidase-like oxidative enzyme activity in the covalent binding of quercetin to glutathione, protein, and DNA, as well as the stability of quercetin DNA adducts in time. This was done by studying the formation of glutathionyl quercetin adducts in various in vitro models, and the covalent binding of radiolabeled quercetin to protein and DNA in cells with elevated peroxidase or tyrosinase levels and in cells devoid of nucleotide excision repair (NER). Cells with elevated tyrosinase or peroxidase levels contained approximately 2 times higher levels of covalent quercetin adducts than cells without detectable levels of these oxidative enzymes. However, this difference was smaller than expected based on the differences in tyrosinase and/or peroxidase levels, indicating that these types of oxidative enzyme activities do not play a major role in the cellular pro-oxidant activity of quercetin. Furthermore, quercetin DNA adducts were of transient natu...
Supplementing the liquid alcohol diet with chow enhances alcohol intake in C57 BL/6 mice

Background Administration of alcohol-containing liquid diet is associated with body weight loss in rodents.
Cache sampling by sets

An approach to workload sampling in which, instead of selection of memory references based on the time parameter, sample decisions are based on where the cache is accessed. More specifically, the sampling heuristics are focused on analysis for set-associative caches. The validity of the heuristics is supported with empirical data. Four sampling policies are discussed, and simulation results based on a commercial database transaction workload are presented. Observations from simulation studies with SPEC 1.0 uniprogram benchmarks are also described. An environment in which congruence class sampling may be useful is illustrated. >
How to leave out details: error-preserving abstractions of state-space models

Analyses based on state-space models of execution must omit some details of execution, in order to fold the infinite space of possible program executions into a sufficiently small space for analysis. These simplifications are generally justified by a claim that the resulting analysis is conservative with respect to a certain class of faults, i.e. that the simplification will not cause any faults to be overlooked in the analysis. The author formalized a notion of error-preserving abstractions which captures this claim, gives sufficient conditions for verifying this property in practical cases, and discusses the role of error-preserving abstractions in combining fault detection techniques. >
Effect of Cholesterol Feeding during Pregnancy on Blood Cholesterol Levels and Placental Vascular Lesions

After establishing the normal variations in blood cholesterol levels on a recorded dietary regimen during pregnancy, 2 Gm. of cholesterol in chocolate candy were fed daily without significant alteration in blood cholesterol levels or placental vascular lesions.
Partitioning for complex objectives

Graph partitioning is an important tool for dividing work amongst processors of a parallel machine, but it is unsuitable for some important applications. Specifically, graph partitioning requires the work per processor to be a simple sum of vertex weights. For many applications, this assumption is not true — the work (or memory) is a complex function of the partition. In this paper we describe a general framework for addressing such partitioning problems and investigate its utility on two applications — partitioning so that overlapped subdomains are balanced and partitioning to minimize the sum of computation plus communication time.
Autoimmune central nervous system paraneoplastic disorders: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapeutic options

The presence of specific antineuronal antibodies in some patients with paraneoplastic central nervous system (CNS) disorders supports the theory that these syndromes have an autoimmune etiology. The anti-Purkinje cell antibodies (APCAs) in some patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and ovarian or breast carcinomas stain the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells. APCAs react with several distinct neuronal protein autoantigens, including proteins featuring a "leucine zipper" sequence motif, which suggests that they function in regulating DNA transcription. Type 1 anti-neuronal nuclear antibodies (ANNA-1) associated with paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis and small-cell lung carcinoma stain the nucleus and cytoplasm of all neurons, and react with a group of 35- to 40-kd proteins in neuronal immunoblots. The protein targets of ANNA-1 belong to a family of RNA-binding proteins that probably regulate posttranscriptional processing of RNA. Type 2 anti-neuronal nuclear antibodies (ANNA-2) associated with paraneoplastic opsoclonus-ataxia and breast carcinoma also produce a panneuronal immunocytochemical staining pattern, but react with a group of higher-molecular-mass proteins (53-61 kd and 79-84 kd); these autoantigens probably also function as RNA-binding proteins. Several patients with paraneoplastic stiff-man syndrome have antibodies against a 128-kd synaptic protein. These antineuronal antibodies are highly specific (but not infallible) diagnostic markers for the presence of a neoplasm in patients who present with neurological dysfunction. The actual role of these autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of neuronal damage and clinical disease remains to be determined. Current management options for patients with CNS neurological paraneoplastic syndromes are very limited. Only a small minority of patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration or encephalomyelitis show significant neurological improvement after successful tumor treatment and/or immunosuppressive treatments, while patients with paraneoplastic opsoclonus or stiff-man syndrome have a somewhat better outlook.
Compatibility of airport wireless broadband networks with satellite links in the 5091–5150 MHz band

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is considering the use of portions of the 5000–5250 MHz band, including the 5091–5150 MHz subband, for the future Airport Network and Location Equipment (ANLE) system. The 5091–5150 MHz subband has also been allocated, on a co-primary basis, to mobile-satellite-service (MSS) feeder uplinks. The compatibility of ANLE networks with the MSS feeder uplinks is evaluated in this paper. An ANLE network architecture based on the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) implementation described in the IEEE 802.16 family of standards is used in the analyses described below. These compatibility analyses consider interference effects from multiple ANLE base stations (BSs) at the same airport. ANLE BSs with antenna patterns having 3-dB horizontal beamwidths of 120° and 90° are analyzed. The effects of these BS antenna pattern types on the compatibility of ANLE networks with MSS feeder links are evaluated. In addition, the potential impact of downtilting the ANLE BS antennas is also addressed for both types of patterns mentioned above. Our results show that, given the parameters identified in the paper for ANLE networks and for MSS feeder uplinks, bandsharing between these systems is feasible.
A prospective study of multiple protein biomarkers to predict progression in diabetic chronic kidney disease

BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy imposes a substantial cardiovascular and renal burden contributing to both morbidity and excess mortality. Progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetes mellitus is variable, and few biomarkers are available to predict progression accurately. Identification of novel predictive biomarkers may inform clinical care and assist in the design of clinical trials. We hypothesized that urinary and plasma protein biomarkers predict CKD progression independently of the known clinical markers such as albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in diabetic nephropathy. METHODS We studied 67 US veterans with CKD due to type 2 diabetes mellitus and 20 age-matched controls (no CKD, hypertension or cardiovascular disease). After clinical evaluation and the collection of blood and urine specimens for 24 biomarkers, we followed subjects prospectively for the next 2-6 years. CKD progression was defined in three ways: (i) clinically by examining eGFR versus time plots for each individual (slope progression), (ii) progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and (iii) a composite outcome of ESRD or death. RESULTS Among 17 urinary and 7 plasma biomarkers evaluated, the relationship of the biomarkers with outcome was as follows: (i) for progression identified by eGFR plots, urinary C-terminal fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 emerged to have the strongest primary association (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.08, P = 0.008); (ii) for ESRD, plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) had an association (aOR: 1.44, P = 0.027) and (iii) for the composite outcome of death and ESRD, plasma C-terminal FGF-23 also had a robust direct association (aOR: 3.07, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION The relationship of biomarkers with future progression of CKD is complex and depends in part on how CKD progression is defined. Biomarkers in the FGF-23 and VEGF-A pathways predicted patient progression independently of albuminuria levels in this patient cohort. Additional studies in other cohorts will help further validate this pilot study.
Nonenzymatic hydrolysis of RNA: Pb(II)-catalyzed site specific hydrolysis of transfer RNA. The role of the tertiary folding of the polynucleotide chain

Pb2+ specifically cleaves yeast tRNAPhe in orthorhombic crystals at phosphates P18 and P60 in the dihydrouridine (D) and pseudouridine (T) loops, respectively. Although there are three major lead binding sites in the tRNA, it appears that both cleavages are affected by the same lead ion. The P18 site is apparently the same site that is hydrolyzed by Pb2+ in solutions of the tRNA and is the major cleavage site in crystals. It is shown from P32 labeling studies with polynucleotide kinase that the products of Pb2+ cleavage have the 5′-hydroxyls on G18 and C60, and consequently the 3′ phosphates are on D17 and U59. The OH− in the first coordination sphere of the hydroxo complex Pb(OH)+ either directly or through a water molecule abstracts the proton of the 2′-OH of D17. This promotes a nucleophilic attack by 2′-O− on P18 with subsequent cleavage of the PO5′ ester bond to generate the major Pb2+ cleavage product pG18-A76. The anchoring of the Pb2+ by the T-loop and D-loop residues seemingly provide the right environment for the generation of the hydroxo complex required for the hydrolysis. Additionally the strain of the phosphodiester conformation at P18 enhances the cleavage at that site. The Pb2+-catalyzed cleavage of tRNA exemplifies a mechanism used not only for the hydrolysis of transfer RNA but one potentially used by other RNA-catalyzed reaction utilizing metal ion cofactors.
The use of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers on 316L stainless steel for coronary artery stent nanomedicine applications: an oxidative and in vitro stability study

The use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on medical devices offers a methodology for the incorporation of nanotechnology into medicine. SAMs are highly ordered nanosized molecular coatings, adding 1 to 10 nm thickness to a surface. This work is part of an overall goal to deliver therapeutic drugs from the surface of metal coronary stents using SAMs. In this study the oxidative and in vitro stability of functional alkylthiol SAMs on 316L stainless steel (SS) has been demonstrated. SAMs of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (-COOH SAM) and 11-mercapto-1-undecanol (-OH SAM) were formed on 316L SS. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle (CA) measurements collectively confirmed the formation of functional alkylthiol SAMs on 316L SS. Well-formed SAMs (CA: 82 deg +/- 9 deg) were achieved within 48 hours of immersion in ethanolic solutions, after which no significant improvement in CA was observed. The ratio of the thiolate peak (163.5 eV) to the oxidized sulfur (sulfonates) peak (166.5 eV) gives us an indication of the percentage SAMs that would bind to the metal and serve as a drug reservoir in vivo; which in turn represents the stability and viability of these SAMs, keeping in mind the cardiovascular application under consideration. Oxidative and in vitro stability studies showed that alkanethiol SAMs oxidized completely within 14 days. The SAMs tend to desorb and leave the metal surface after longer time periods (21 days) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) immersion, whereas for oxidative exposure the SAMs continue to remain on the metal surface in the form of sulfonates. Although the chemistry of bonding of alkylthiol with the 316L SS is not well understood, the nanosized alkylthiol SAMs demonstrate sufficient stability to justify further study on these systems for potential in vivo drug delivery in the chosen coronary artery stent applications.
Physics-based pulse distortion for ultra-wideband signals

Pulse distortion is difficult to model by the state of the art statistical measurements. In this paper, we propose a physics-based deterministic model for urban environments consisting of high rise buildings. We first derive the channel impulse response of the renowned Wolfisch-Bertoni model in closed form. This model captures many properties that are not available in the existing statistical models such as the IEEE 802.15.4a model. The closed form time domain solutions are in good agreement with the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT)-based frequency domain solutions. These solutions are important to understanding the system principle.
ICH RF system data acquisition and real time control using a microcomputer system

On the basis of the rapidly increasing power, speed, and decreasing cost of the personal computer (microcomputer) it was felt that a real time data acquisition and control system could be configured quickly and very cost effectively. It was further felt that by using a high level or object-oriented programming language that considerable time and expense could be saved and at the same time increase system flexibility. This paper will attempt to address the desired system requirements and performance for both the control of the high power transmitters and for the data acquisition and presentation of the information.
Effects of exogenous surfactant on lung pressure-volume characteristics during liquid ventilation

Total liquid ventilation (LV) lowers airway pressures and potentially reduces barotrauma in models of hyaline membrane disease. LV eliminates surface tension by eliminating the air-perfluorochemicals (PFC) interface but does not eliminate interfacial tension (IT) at the lung/PFC interface. We hypothesized that pretreatment with exogenous surfactant before LV would shift the overall pressure-volume (PV) curve to the left, compared with LV without surfactant. Sequential quasi-static PV curves were obtained in 10 excised lungs (saline, air, PFC), with one-half randomized to exogenous surfactant replacement before LV. Analysis revealed that maximal inflation pressures were reduced during LV compared with baseline air curves. Addition of exogenous surfactant to LV further reduced maximal inflation pressures. A novel approach was used to transform these PV curves to estimates of in situ IT-volume curves. Estimated maximal IT at 20 ml/kg in preterm lamb lungs on air inflation after surfactant was 51 mN/m, compared with 40 mN/m for LV alone and with 27 mN/m for the combination of surfactant and LV. We conclude that the IT-reducing properties of the PFC studied (perflubron) can be augmented through the use of exogenous surfactant.
Eurytrema procyonis in a Raccoon (Procyon lotor) from New York State—A First Report

The digenean, Eurytrema procyonis, found in the pancreatic ducts of the raccoon (Procyon lotor), is reported for the first time from a juvenile female raccoon captured in July 1987, in New York State (USA). The presence of >183 trematodes in the pancreatic ducts was an incidental finding at necropsy to an interstitial pneumonia which had caused emaciation, and for which the animal was euthanized. The pancreas, with the exception of the major pancreatic duct, was histologically normal. The duct, containing the parasites, was dilated and contained a diffuse subepithelial inflammatory infiltrate consisting primarily of eosinophils. Epithelial hyperplasia was present in tubulo-alveolar glands, and goblet cells were prominent.
Direct Synthesis of Polyamides via Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Diols and Diamines

We report a direct synthesis of polyamides via catalytic dehydrogenation of diols and diamines. A PNN pincer ruthenium complex, the Milstein catalyst, was used for this reaction and polyamides with number average molecular weight from ∼10 to 30 kDa could be obtained from a wide variety of diols and diamines bearing aliphatic or aromatic, linear or cyclic spacers. Because of the high catalytic selectivity of primary amine over secondary amine, polyamines could be conveniently incorporated into linear polyamides without tedious protection/deprotection steps. Compared with conventional condensation method, this catalytic system avoids the requirement of stoichiometric preactivation or in situ activation reagents and provides a much cleaner process with high atomic economy.
Evaluation of Hunter Antler-Size Selection through an Age-Specific Comparison of Harvested and Naturally Cast Antler Metrics

Abstract Deer antler metrics have been used to index the physical condition of deer populations, but those sampled at deer-check stations may not be representative of the population at large if deer hunters select for larger antlered individuals. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate whether white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus hunters exhibit selective behavior through an age-specific comparison of harvested antler metrics to naturally cast antlers; and 2) evaluate the potential value of cast antlers to monitor herd condition via antler seal depth to identify individual health. Antler metrics representing antler mass (main beam basal circumference), length (main beam length), and the number of antler points were taken on yearling (aged 1.5 y) hunter-harvested deer during the 2009, 2010, and 2011 November firearm seasons and compared with freshly cast yearling antlers collected during the corresponding 2010, 2011, and 2012 antler-casting seasons. The antler metric indicative of antler mass ...
Relative discernment of lesions by intraoral and panoramic radiography

Panoramic radiographs reveal relatively few additional pathologic lesions in asymptomatic patients besides those that are seen on full-mouth intraoral radiographs. Routine use of panoramic radiography may not be indicated solely on the expectation of finding hidden pathologic conditions not apparent on intraoral radiographs. Since panoramic radiography does not appear to have a high radiation dose, however, its broad coverage can be advantageous for survey purposes or more specific indications such as for viewing surgical procedures that require healing assessment such as cysts or osteomyelitis. It also is valuable as a teaching instrument for patients and students.
Broad wall tilted slots on rectangular waveguides

A broad wall slot with an offset from the center line and a tilt with respect to the axis, called a compound slot, has found applications in missile systems. The analysis of compound slots is rather involved, and, hence the design of compound slot arrays in the past relied on experimentally measured data. The author analyzes a compound slot radiating element and presents some numerical results. The normalized resonant length, backward and forward scattered TE/sub 10/ mode amplitude (b/sub 10/, c/sub 10/), and phase are shown for the case in which all the elements have an offset of 0.15" from the center line of the waveguide. Also shown are the complex coefficients of the expansion modes for the aperture magnetic currents. >
Heterocyst envelope thickness, heterocyst frequency and nitrogenase activity in Anabaena flos-aquae: influence of exogenous oxygen tension

SUMMARY: The heterocyst envelope of the N2-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae thickened as exogenous O2 partial pressure (pO2) was increased from 5 to 40 kPa. The majority of the thickening occurred in the glycolipid layer area of the envelope. Such thickening appears to be an O2-induced mechanism for providing a greater O2 diffusion barrier against O2 inhibition of nitrogenase. Nitrogenase activity decreased at pO2 levels above ambient (20 kPa), indicating that a thicker envelope is not completely effective as a barrier to O2 diffusion. However, when cultures grown at 10 kPa and 40 kPa pO2 were transferred to ambient pO2, the 40 kPa pO2 cells showed higher nitrogenase activity 24 h after transfer compared to those grown at 10 kPa or ambient pO2, indicating O2-protection of nitrogenase by thicker heterocyst envelopes. Heterocyst frequency was lowest at 20 kPa O2.
Dynamics of cover, UV-protective pigments, and quantum yield in biological soil crust communities of an undisturbed Mojave Desert shrubland.

Abstract Biological soil crusts are an integral part of dryland ecosystems. We monitored the cover of lichens and mosses, cyanobacterial biomass, concentrations of UV-protective pigments in both free-living and lichenized cyanobacteria, and quantum yield in the soil lichen species Collema in an undisturbed Mojave Desert shrubland. During our sampling time, the site received historically high and low levels of precipitation, whereas temperatures were close to normal. Lichen cover, dominated by Collema tenax and C. coccophorum , and moss cover, dominated by Syntrichia caninervis , responded to both increases and decreases in precipitation. This finding for Collema spp. at a hot Mojave Desert site is in contrast to a similar study conducted at a cool desert site on the Colorado Plateau in SE Utah, USA, where Collema spp. cover dropped in response to elevated temperatures, but did not respond to changes in rainfall. The concentrations of UV-protective pigments in free-living cyanobacteria at the Mojave Desert site were also strongly and positively related to rainfall received between sampling times ( R 2 values ranged from 0.78 to 0.99). However, pigment levels in the lichenized cyanobacteria showed little correlation with rainfall. Quantum yield in Collema spp. was closely correlated with rainfall. Climate models in this region predict a 3.5–4.0 °C rise in temperature and a 15–20% decline in winter precipitation by 2099. Based on our data, this rise in temperature is unlikely to have a strong effect on the dominant species of the soil crusts. However, the predicted drop in precipitation will likely lead to a decrease in soil lichen and moss cover, and high stress or mortality in soil cyanobacteria as levels of UV-protective pigments decline. In addition, surface-disturbing activities (e.g., recreation, military activities, fire) are rapidly increasing in the Mojave Desert, and these disturbances quickly remove soil lichens and mosses. These stresses combined are likely to lead to shifts in species composition and the local extirpation of some lichen or moss species. As these organisms are critical components of nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and soil stability, such changes are likely to reverberate throughout these ecosystems.
Doctoral dissertations in speech: Work in progress, 1961

(1961). Doctoral dissertations in speech: Work in progress, 1961. Speech Monographs: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 282-292.
Enhancement of lateral in-plane capacity of partially grouted concrete masonry shear walls

Abstract The goal of the research presented herein is to investigate a new approach to the reinforcement of partially grouted walls, double side-by-side reinforced cells, in order to enhance the seismic performance of such walls. Specifically, the results from the destructive tests of three cantilever full-scale square masonry shear walls are presented. The control wall was constructed using the conventional single cell reinforcement (SR) approach, with the remaining two walls constructed using double cell reinforcement with bond beams (DR), and with the addition of bed-joint reinforcement (DR-JR), respectively. To permit direct comparison, the total amount of reinforcement in the SR and DR walls was held constant. The experimental investigation indicated that the DR reinforcement approach resulted in significantly improved lateral in-plane response compared to the conventional SR approach. Specifically, the DR wall exhibited a 34% increase in shear capacity and 47% increase in displacement ductility. To investigate the effect of grouting on the response of proposed reinforcement details a numerical modeling technique was developed based on the infilled-frame concept and calibrated with the experimental behavior of considered walls. It is evident from the results of numerical modeling that response of walls is in a good agreement with the behavior observed in the experiments. Numerical model showed that the behavior of grouted and ungrouted parts of PG walls are similar to a frame and an infilled, respectively. Grouting double side-by-side cells enhances the frame action of grouted masonry parts and also provides a better confinement for the infilled masonry. As a result of the strengthened frame the performance of wall DR was improved significantly compared to wall SR.
Analysis of convex PML media

We explore limitations of cylindrical, convex Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) media. Although concave PMLs are routinely used in numerical electromagnetic (EM) simulations, convex PML media are of particular interest as possible blueprints for realizing EM absorber coatings. The design challenge however involves removing the gain medium behavior. As the paper's central result we show that passive convex PMLs necessarily mandate an EM “horizon” in order to satisfy energy conservation.
Predictors of survival in refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (RARS-T) and the role of next-generation sequencing

Refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (RARS-T) shares overlapping features of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). RARS-T is characterized by SF3B1 and JAK2 mutations and prognosis is considered to be better than MDS but not as good as MPN. The objective of the study was to identify predictors of survival in RARS-T. We analyzed clinical and laboratory variables in 82 patients and applied a 27-gene NGS assay to 48 marrow samples obtained at diagnosis. 94% of patients had ≥1 mutations; common mutations being: SF3B1 85%, JAK2V617F 33%, ASXL1 29%, DNMT3A 13%, SETBP1 13% and TET2 10%. In a multivariable survival analysis (n = 82), anemia (P = 0.02) [HB< 10 gm/dl: HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2-4.6] and abnormal karyotype (P =.01) [HR 6.1, 95% CI 2.7-13.8] were independently prognostic for inferior survival. In patients with NGS information (n = 48), univariate analysis showed association between poor survival and presence of SETBP1 (P = 0.04) or ASXL1 (P = 0.08) mutations whereas the absence of these mutations (ASXL1wt/SETBP1wt) was favorable (P = 0.04); the number of concurrent mutations did not provide additional prognostication (P = 0.3). We developed a HR-weighted prognostic model, with 2 points for an abnormal karyotype, 1 point for either ASXL1 and/or SETBP1 mutations, and 1 point for a HB level < 10 gm/dl, which effectively stratified patients into three risk categories; low (0 points), intermediate (1 point) and high (≥2 points), with median survivals of 80, 42 and 11 months respectively (P = 0.01). In summary, we confirm the unique mutational landscape in RARS-T and provide a novel mutation-enhanced prognostic model.
Investigation of PZT//LSCO/IPT//Aerogel Thin Film Composites for Uncooled Pyroelectric Ir Detectors

A monolithic thin film structure for uncooled pyroelectric infrared detector arrays was developed to integrate thermally isolated Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 -based thin films on silicon, with a low thermal conductivity, aerogel thin film interlayer. Aerogel thin films of 0.4-1.2μm thickness and 70-85% porosity were deposited on silicon substrates by dip coating to form a thermal isolation layer. 200-400nm thick Pb(Zr 0.4 Ti 0.6 )O 3 films deposited on (La,Sr)CoO 3 [LSCO]//Pt electrodes atop these aerogel films displayed a remanent polarization P r = 28μ C/cm 2 , pyroelectric coefficient p = 30 nC/cm 2 K, and calculated noise equivalent temperature difference NETD = 0.07°C. Processing of Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 thin films atop the aerogel interlayer structure required modifications to deposition and heat treatment methods to minimize tensile stress accumulation. Effects of thermal processing and thin film stress state on ferroelectric properties are also reported.
Rirhandu Mageza-Barthel. Mobilizing Transnational Gender Politics in Post-Genocide Rwanda

Much has been made of Rwanda's progressive gender policies since the 1994 genocide, including the constitutionally mandated minimum of 30 percent of women in government decision-making bodies, the ...
Growth Charting of Brain Connectivity Networks and the Identification of Attention Impairment in Youth.

Importance Intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs), important units of brain functional organization, demonstrate substantial maturation during youth. In addition, interrelationships between ICNs have been reliably implicated in attention performance. It is unknown whether alterations in ICN maturational profiles can reliably detect impaired attention functioning in youth. Objective To use a network growth charting approach to investigate the association between alterations in ICN maturation and attention performance. Design, Setting, and Participants Data were obtained from the publicly available Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, a prospective, population-based sample of 9498 youths who underwent genomic testing, neurocognitive assessment, and neuroimaging. Data collection was conducted at an academic and children’s hospital health care network between November 1, 2009, and November 30, 2011, and data analysis was conducted between February 1, 2015, and January 15, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures Statistical associations between deviations from normative network growth were assessed as well as 2 main outcome measures: accuracy during the Penn Continuous Performance Test and diagnosis with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Results Of the 9498 individuals identified, 1000 youths aged 8 to 22 years underwent brain imaging. A sample of 519 youths who met quality control criteria entered analysis, of whom 25 (4.8%) met criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The mean (SD) age of the youth was 15.7 (3.1) years, and 223 (43.0%) were male. Participants’ patterns of deviations from normative maturational trajectories were indicative of sustained attention functioning ( R 2 = 24%; F 6,512 = 26.89; P −16 ). Moreover, these patterns were found to be a reliable biomarker of severe attention impairment (peak receiver operating characteristic curve measured by area under the curve, 79.3%). In particular, a down-shifted pattern of ICN maturation (shallow maturation), rather than a right-shifted pattern (lagged maturation), was implicated in reduced attention performance (Akaike information criterion relative likelihood, 3.22 × 10 26 ). Finally, parallel associations between ICN dysmaturation and diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were identified. Conclusions and Relevance Growth charting methods are widely used to assess the development of physical or other biometric characteristics, such as weight and head circumference. To date, this is the first demonstration that this method can be extended to development of functional brain networks to identify clinically relevant conditions, such as dysfunction of sustained attention.
Crime and land use in Pittsburgh: A micro-size grid-cell analysis of the influence of land-uses on area crime

Though substantial amount of research of routine activities/opportunity theory investigated the relationship between land use and crime, very few studies considered various types of land uses at the micro-scale of area. Using 2013 crime data geocoded on the 500-ft2 grid cells overlaid on Pittsburgh, results from multivariate regression models show that certain types of facility such as retail shops, schools and bus stops increase the number of crimes at grid cells. Further results show that, net of the socioeconomic factors, the number of crimes in a grid cell varies both by facility and crime type. However, potential guardianship and target suitability of the facility are not found to have significant influence on the number of crimes in grid cells. Attention to various types of land uses across the city is required to help effective allocation of social control resources against crime.
Quantitative assessment of photo- and bio-reactivity of chromophoric and fluorescent dissolved organic matter from biomass and soil leachates and from surface waters in a subtropical wetland

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) reactivity plays a central role in ecosystem function and the global carbon cycle. In this study, a suite of biomass and soil leachates together with surface water samples from the Florida coastal Everglades (FCE) were investigated to quantitatively assess the photo- and bio-reactivity of DOM via dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet–visible absorbance (UV–Vis) measurements, and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The decomposition patterns observed were diverse, but dominated by first order decay for most of the samples studied. The reactivity rate constants obtained based on a first order multi-pool kinetic model, suggest that the DOM in the Everglades is largely refractory on time scales relevant to this ecosystem (2 months). The relative reactivity of different fluorescent DOM pools determined as labile, semi-labile and refractory were in the order of biomass leachate > soil leachate > surface water. Photo-reactivity was found to be a more important process in controlling the fate of FDOM in this system, while FDOM was mainly refractory to bio-degradation. Degradation patterns and rate constants for samples of different origin displayed vast differences for the same PARAFAC component, suggesting a complex and heterogeneous composition of fluorophores for each component, most likely the result of different structures, speciation and conformation, and molecular weight distribution. In addition, a terrestrial humic-like and two protein-like components were found to have the potential to serve as indicators of photo-degradable and bioavailable DOM.
Rural appalachia: Disparities within disparities.

e12632 Background: Lyndon Johnson had declared a "war on poverty" in 1964 when he finished a tour in Appalachia. In 1992, the National Cancer Institute has created a public health program in respon...
A mechanical power dissipation model for axially loaded metamaterial bars

Elastic metamaterials are sub-wavelength structures with locally resonant components that contribute to the rise of tunable stop bands, i.e. frequency ranges within which waves do not propagate. A new approach is presented here to quantify this stop band behavior by evaluating structural vibrational power in the different constituents of locally resonant metamaterials undergoing axial excitations. It is shown that the power flow patterns match wave propagation information extracted from the dispersion analysis of the metamaterial unit cell, and can thus be used to develop an algorithm that numerically predicts stop band frequencies for finite realizations with given dimensions and a known number of cells.
A scale to assess hyperchondriasis: The converse of hypochondriasis

An instrument to assess the attitudes of men who devote an undue amount of time and effort to the maintenance of health is described. The behavior is labeled hyperchondriasis and the concomitant attitudes were measured by a 47 item questionnaire derived from material in magazines intended for weightlifters. The scale has adequate reliability. Validity is indicated by two sets of normally distributed scores and by discrimination of two subsamples by mean scale scores. Two distinctive subsamples representing the tails of the distribution of scores were given the MMPI. ‘High’ hyperchondriasis scorers obtain lower K and Hy scores but exceed the ‘low’ scorers on Si. The content of the experimental scale suggests that a high score should lead to ineffective functioning and personal discomfort. The MMPI does not support this, suggesting that enhancement of the soma serves to maintain psychological integrity.