cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Loss of capacity, not competence, as the fundamental process governing deposition from turbidity currents

ABSTRACT A common procedure in paleohydraulic analysis is to use some measure of the size of particles in a deposit to estimate flow velocity of the depositing current, assuming that the selected size reflects the competence of the flow. For deposition from turbidity currents, a seemingly logical selection for determination of the suspension competence is the median size, because just prior to deposition all of the particles in the mixture must have been in suspension. Many papers in the literature use grain size of turbidites to estimate flow strength in this way. Komar (1985) discovered, however, that use of the median size can lead to serious underestimation of the flow velocity as determined independently from stability fields for bed forms. This discrepancy can be explained if deposition rom turbidity currents is controlled mainly by decreasing capacity of the decelerating flow to carry particles of all sizes, including those that a clear current of the same speed would be fully competent to suspend. An important consequence is that suspension criteria (e.g., u* > settling velocity) cannot be used to reliably estimate the flow velocity of a turbidity current from its deposit. The hypothesis that deposition is controlled mainly by decrease of capacity is supported by the results of a computer simulation of turbidite deposition. The "deposit" predicted by the simulation differs from poorly sorted natural turbidites due to settling lags and lateral grading in the bodies of natural currents.
Evolution’s past and future: an introduction and partial précis to Stephen Jay Gould’s The Structure of Evolutionary Theory

Abstract In The Structure of Evolutionary Theory , his last and largest book on evolution, Stephen Jay Gould conceives of the structure of evolutionary theory since Darwin as comprising three major propositions. First, natural selection is the most important direction-giving force in evolution. Second, it operates at the level of the individual organism. Third, selection can be extrapolated smoothly from its actions on individuals in living species throughout geologic time, to produce the gradual divergence of species and adaptations that characterizes the history of life. Challenges to each of these major propositions, according to Gould, can be of three kinds of severity. The most severe challenges, if true, would nullify one of the major propositions entirely, thus destroying the integration of the theory (and perhaps the logic and support of its other propositions). Other, less severe challenges would revise, modify, and expand the content and scope of one or another of the propositions, but not destroy any of them or the theory in toto . Still other, even less severe challenges add to what is known and extend the scope and possibilities of the theory, but do not call for a revision in its fundamental structure. Gould acknowledges that the theory has withstood all presumptive challenges that would destroy it, and has accommodated those that simply extend and add to it. His principal concern is with those challenges that would revise the theory substantially: for example, if processes other than natural selection were of great importance in evolution; if selection acted in important ways at the level of species and clades, and (or) at the level of the genes, alleles, and chromosomes; and if the extrapolation of what is known from living populations could not by itself explain many patterns of large-scale evolution seen in the fossil record. He thinks that, both through the history of evolution since Darwin and in the present day, challenges that substantially revise these basic propositions are valid, and that the theory needs to integrate them in order to retain the explanatory power that it has had for many decades. To cite this article: K. Padian, C. R. Palevol 2 (2003).
Hypolipemic action of glucagon in experimental endogenous lipemia in the rat

The effect of glucagon on serum lipids and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) has been examined in the eulipemic and the hyperlipemic rat. An inhibition of amino acid incorporation into hepatic lipoprotein apoprotein was observed, with an associated decrease in circulating VLDL apoprotein, decreased serum triglyceride concentration, and a loss of the pre-beta band as judged by serum lipoprotein electrophoresis. The data suggest that an important action of this hormone is to decrease the synthesis of the protein moiety of the VLDL; this may contribute to the hypolipemic action of glucagon by introducing a limitation in hepatic lipoprotein production.
“Sudden Awakening to the Fact That the Mischief Is Irretrievably Done”: Epiphanic Structure in David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest

The article posits that David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest is marked by an epiphanic structure pivoting on carefully obscured and often illusory moments of insight. These moments, tied to situations of extreme trial, are used to tease questions of character intent by blurring empathetic identification through trauma with primal desires for cathartic release. By employing genetic analysis on Wallace's manuscripts, the essay traces these effects to Wallace's deeper design.
Neutron-scattering study of the ferroelectric phase transition in CsD 2 PO 4

A neutron-scattering study of the ferroelectric transition in CsD/sub 2/PO/sub 4/ has yielded quasi-elastic diffuse distributions of intensity typical of a one-dimensional system with chainlike ordering parallel to the ferroelectric b axis of this monoclinic crystal. Therefore, despite such suggestive similarities as the large isotope shift in T/sub c/, the transition is quite different from that of tetragonal KD/sub 2/PO/sub 4/ where the diffuse scattering clearly exhibits characteristics of three-dimensional dipolar interactions.
What the Nation Re-members: Resisting Victim Nationalism in Partition Memorial Project

This article theorizes artistic interventions that resist victim nationalism and hegemonic practices of trauma and memory. Engaging the work of feminist installation artist Pritika Chowdhry and her ongoing series Partition Memorial Project, I trace the artist’s ability to dislodge nationalist histories of India’s Partition. Specifically, I argue that Chowdhry’s aestheticization of the female body is central to disrupting nationalist narratives of trauma and memory and their corresponding tropes of victimized nationhood and violated femininity.
A robotics operator manager role for military application

Due to the increasing use of robots in US military operations, a new role may help to manage and coordinate multiple robotic assets, especially when considering the high mental workload requirements for robot control. The role of a robotics operator manager (ROM) was formed to study a path forward in solving this problem. An experiment with human test participants acting as ROMs showed that the ROM role as constructed is a workable solution to the robot management problems and also showed that time limits and bandwidth limitation affected engineered explosive detection performance, assessments of trust, and ratings of mental workload. Some of these results and others showing preferences for image stimuli and ground robots were simulated in an Adaptive Control of Thought–Rational model of the ROM experiment. The experimental and model results reveal that the ROM is not just a workable solution to the robot coordination problem, but that it may also be a preferred solution. I conclude with notes on how to f...
Old School: A Recommendation for the Treatment of the Disposition of Property Exempt from Local Zoning Ordinances in Kentucky

The legal treatment of the conveyancing of exempt property, such as property used for educational purposes, is both complex and inconsistent. Unlike ordinary properties, properties used for education are exempt from local zoning ordinances and even local tax codes. Thus, the conveyance of the property to a private entity and its later use for non-public purposes subjects the property both to zoning ordinances and tax regulation. But, as a matter of course, should this be the case? This article examines what happens when an exempt piece of property, specifically property used for the purpose of public education, is sold in Kentucky. The article also makes a recommendation about the disposition of exempt property. Part II of this Article reviews the change in population in the Commonwealth in greater detail and the effect that this change has on the use of public infrastructure, specifically demonstrated by the overabundance of disused public facilities. Part III unpacks the origins and facets of zoning regulation. Part IV discusses nonconforming uses and analogizes exempt properties to nonconforming properties. Part V addresses the current treatment of these kinds of properties in Kentucky and extra-jurisdictional methods for treating the sale of exempt property and properties with nonconforming uses. Finally, Part VI focuses on the central question of how the sale of exempt property should be treated in two prongs: (1) incorporation into zoning ordinances after disposition, and (2) the elements, if any, of exemption that should carry over to the new property, recommending an approach to incentivize the efficient use or sale and adaptive reuse of disused, exempt property.
Modern railway systems: other dimensions

Modern signalling systems have become increasing more complex involving the integration of several system elements to provide the final functionality. This paper captures some of the 'extra' elements outside of the vital core, concentrating on the relationship between the train and the signalling including brake rates, adhesion, platform doors and ATO application.
The ecology of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the Central Valley of California, 1945-1985.

Abstract Reeves' concept of the summer transmission cycle of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in 1945 was that the virus was amplified in a silent transmission cycle involving mosquitoes, domestic chickens, and possibly wild birds, from which it could be transmitted tangentially to and cause disease in human and equine populations. Extensive field and laboratory studies done since 1945 in the Central Valley of California have more clearly defined the specific invertebrate and vertebrate hosts involved in the basic virus transmission cycle, but the overall concept remains unchanged. The basic transmission cycle involves Culex tarsalis as the primary vector mosquito species and house finches and house sparrows as the primary amplifying hosts. Secondary amplifying hosts, upon which Cx. tarsalis frequently feeds, include other passerine species, chickens, and possibly pheasants in areas where they are abundant. Another transmission cycle that most likely is initiated from the Cx. tarsalis-wild bird cycle involves Aedes melanimon and the blacktail jackrabbit. Like humans and horses, California ground squirrels, western tree squirrels, and a few other wild mammal species become infected tangentially with the virus but do not contribute significantly to virus amplification.
The widening scope of coronaviruses.

Purpose of review In the past 2 years, at least three distinct human coronaviruses have been discovered, including the etiological agent associated with severe acquired respiratory syndrome (SARS). These recently discovered viruses, with the exception of the SARS associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are likely to be common respiratory viruses and may be responsible for a substantial proportion of respiratory tract disease. Recent findings The SARS-CoV first appeared in 2002 and spread rapidly around the globe. Although the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV may have been halted, the emergence of this new virus demonstrates the potential threat represented by species-to-species transmission of coronaviruses. NL63, initially isolated from a young child with lower respiratory tract disease, represents a group of newly described group I coronaviruses that have been identified worldwide, which are associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract disease, particularly in young children. The distribution of HKU1, a newly identified group II coronavirus, is not yet established. NL63 and HKU1 are related to the common human coronaviruses 229E and OC43, respectively. Summary The discovery of at least three new human coronaviruses represents significant advances in the investigation of human respiratory tract disease. Further studies are required to fully define the impact of these new pathogens.
Predicting novel paths to goals by a simple, biologically inspired neural network

Although recurrent networks can be used as content addressable memories, they can also be used as sequence prediction systems. Because problem solving can often be viewed as a sequence prediction problem, we hypothesize that such networks can be used as problem solvers. There are many aspects to problem solving. Here we concentrate on a single but important aspect, goal finding without search. Using a highly simplified, clearly prototypical version of this problem, a sparsely connected recurrent network successfully predicts novel paths to reach a goal.
An Assessment of Pasteurization Treatment of Water, Media, and Milk with Respect to Bacillus Spores†

This study evaluated the ability of spore-forming Bacillus spp. to resist milk pasteurization conditions from 72 to 150°C. Spores from the avirulent surrogate Sterne strain of Bacillus anthracis, as well as a representative strain of a common milk contaminant that is also a pathogen, Bacillus cereus ATCC 9818, were heated at test temperatures for up to 90 min in dH2O, brain heart infusion broth, or skim milk. In skim milk, characteristic log reductions (log CFU per milliliter) for B. anthracis spores were 0.45 after 90 min at 72°C, 0.39 after 90 min at 78°C, 8.10 after 60 min at 100°C, 7.74 after 2 min at 130°C, and 7.43 after 0.5 min at 150°C. Likewise, log reductions (log CFU per milliliter) for viable spores of B. cereus ATCC 9818 in skim milk were 0.39 after 90 min at 72°C, 0.21 after 60 min at 78°C, 7.62 after 60 min at 100°C, 7.37 after 2 min at 130°C, and 7.53 after 0.5 min at 150°C. No significant differences (P < 0.05) in thermal resistance were observed for comparisons of spores heated in dH2O o...
Time to response and survival in hypomethylating agent-treated acute myeloid leukemia

Azacitidine and decitabine are valuable therapeutic options in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) deemed unfit for induction chemotherapy. Mechanisms underlying response to hypomethyl...
Bribery in International Business in Post-Soviet Union Countries

ABSTRACTData from 1996 to 2016 on perceived levels of bribe taking in 15 post-Soviet Union countries indicate three distinct groups—Russia and seven contiguous countries are most prone to bribe taking, a set of four countries in the southwest less so, and the three Baltic nations are the least corrupt. Public officials in countries that have high economic freedom and human development, are democracies, and proactively adhere to global anti-bribery treaties are less likely to take bribes. The findings show that despite a common recent history, the countries have evolved differently following the breakup. Implications for international businesses are discussed.
Moving to Restoration: The Experiences of Women Exiting Sex Trafficking

ABSTRACTIn this article, we use qualitative interviews to learn from three sex-trafficking survivors how service providers can better help female victims of domestic sex trafficking with restoration and recovery, along with how to better identify female victims of sex trafficking and their needs. In this article, participants are referred to as survivors of sex trafficking because they are no longer being trafficked, and individuals who are currently being trafficked are referred to as victims of sex trafficking. Participants reported that therapy, having financial assistance and services provided at no cost, services that focused on rehabilitation to a more independent living and social support were services identified as most helpful for rehabilitation. Participants also discussed barriers to and resources that helped them exit sex trafficking. Implications for future research and for providers are offered.
Depression in type 1 diabetes and risk of dementia.

ABSTRACTObjective: Depression afflicts 14% of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Depression is a robust risk factor for dementia but it is unknown if this holds true for individuals with T1D, ...
The effect of the Enskog collision terms on the steady shock structure in a hard sphere gas

In this work we study the effect of the Enskog collision terms on the steady shock transitions in the supersonic flow of a hard sphere gas. We start by examining one-dimensional, nonlinear, nondispersive planar wave solutions of the Enskog-Navier-Stokes equations, which move in a fixed direction at a constant speed. By further equating the speed of the reference frame with the speed of such a wave, we reduce the Enskog-Navier-Stokes equations into a more simple system of two ordinary differential equations, whose solutions depend on a single scalar spatial variable. We then observe that this system has two fixed points, which are taken to be the states of the gas before and after the shock, and compute the corresponding shock transition in the form of the heteroclinic orbit connecting these two states. We find that the Enskog correction affects both the difference between the fixed points, and the thickness of the transition. In particular, for a given state of the gas before the shock transition, the difference between the fixed points is reduced, while the shock thickness is increased, with the relative impact on the properties of transition being more prominent at low Mach numbers. We also compute the speed of sound in the Enskog-Navier-Stokes equations, and find that, for the same thermodynamic state, it is somewhat faster than that in the conventional Navier-Stokes equations, with an additional dependence on the density of the gas.
DAPT Duration After DES: What Is the “Mandatory” Duration?∗

inhibitor and aspirin, remains unclear. Theneed for antiplatelet therapy post-DES implantationis predicated on mitigating risk for thromboticevents, which is highest in theﬁrst weeks to monthsafter percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Notsurprisingly, early cessation of DAPT has emerged asa strong, consistent, and independent risk factor forstent thrombosis (ST)(1,2).Thepotentialforasys-temic beneﬁtofDAPTthatextendsbeyondthelocalstented segment to the remaining coronary vascula-ture, coupled with concerns for late ST with earlygeneration DES, provide a pathobiological rationaleforlonger(>1 year) DAPT durations. The unavoidablecorollary to extending the duration of antiplatelettherapy is increased bleeding, a complication thatmay have a more durable impact on long-term riskthan recurrent thrombosis(3). Indeed, bleeding con-cerns—in concert with the improved biocompatibilityand clinical safety of second-generation DES—haveled to clinical equipoise on the optimal DAPTduration after PCI on the basis of multiple random-ized comparisons. To date, 7 randomized controlledtrials (RCTs) (Figure 1) have reported similar is-chemic outcomes with 3- or 6-month DAPT durationcompared with longer DAPT regimens following DESimplantation. Conversely, with the exception of theDAPT study, 2 RCTs failed to demonstrate a reductionin ischemic events with DAPT prolongation beyond12 months(4–17).It is within this context that Palmerini et al.(18)report their ﬁndings from a patient-level pooledanalysis of 4 randomized trials (n¼ 8,180) comparingshorter (3- or 6-month) versus longer (12-month)DAPT durations after DES PCI in this issue of theJournal (18).Reﬂecting contemporary PCI practicepatterns, the most prevalent DES platforms inthe pooled cohort were everolimus-eluting andzotarolimus-eluting stents,respectively. The authorsfound nonsigniﬁcant differences in major adversecardiac events (MACE), deﬁned as the composite ofcardiac death, myocardial infarction, and deﬁnite/probable ST, between groups at 12 months (hazardratio: 1.11; 95% conﬁdence interval: 0.86 to 1.43;p ¼ 0.44). A shorter DAPT duration, however, yieldedsigniﬁcant reductions in bleeding (hazard ratio: 0.66;95% conﬁdence interval: 0.46 to 0.94; p ¼ 0.03).Findings were concordant in several clinically re-levant subgroups (sex, age, diabetes, clinical pre-sentation, multivessel disease, and left anteriordescending artery as a target vessel) without evi-dence of statistical interaction for the primary MACEendpoint.In addition to the primary patient-level analysis,in which point estimates were stratiﬁed by trial,the authors also performed indirect comparisons be-tweenDAPTdurationsacrosstrialsusinganetworkapproach. Findings from these analyses were largely
Pressure Wave Propagation in Two-Component Flow

The one-dimensional equations of motion for a two-component mixture are expressed in conservation form. For numerical analyses, the equations are reduced to that of a one-dimensional homogeneous bubbly model which neglects any relative motion between the two phases. Hence, the three conservation relationships --conservation of the gas mass, of the liquid mass, and the mixture momentum --yield a set of differential equations that can be solved by various numerical methods. Comparison of the theoretical and measured speed of sound is made for both bubbly-and slug-flow. Finally, various numerical schemes are compared with existing experimental results in the literature.
Genomic updates in understanding PTSD

Twin studies as well as more recent genetics-based heritability analyses demonstrate that up to 40 to 50% of the variance in predicting PTSD following trauma is heritable. However, most of the specific gene pathways and mechanism that mediate risk vs. resilience for PTSD following trauma exposure have yet to be elucidated. This review will examine the latest results from large scale Genome-wide association studies as well as other approaches aimed at understanding mechanisms of development of and recovery from PTSD.
Efficacy of three-drug induction chemotherapy followed by preoperative chemoradiation in patients with localized gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC).

106Background: Preoperative induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation yields better R0 resection rates, pathologic complete response (pCR) rates and improved survival for localized GAC.Prev...
Effect of a High-Fat Diet and Metformin on Placental mTOR Signaling in Mice.

Objective This study was aimed to measure the effects of a high-fat diet and metformin on placental mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in mice. Study Design Pregnant friend virus B (FVB)-strain mice were allocated on embryonic day (e) 0.5 to one of four groups; group 1: control diet (CD, 10% fat) + control treatment (CT), group 2: CD + metformin treatment (MT), group 3: high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) + CT, and group 4: HFD + MT. Metformin (2.5 mg/mL) was provided in water; CT mice received water. Fetuses and placentas were collected. Western blot measured placental p-Akt and p-S6 expression. Results 20 dams (five/group) and 192 fetuses were studied. Compared with CD-fed, HFD-fed dams had higher placental p-Akt protein expression (p Conclusion Increased placental mTOR signaling and metformin inhibition of placental mTOR signaling only occurred in the presence of an HFD exposure. These findings suggest that metformin may modulate placental mTOR signaling in the presence of metabolic exposures during pregnancy.
Impact of interprofessional education on students of the health professions: a systematic review

Purpose Interprofessional education (IPE) is a concept that allows students from different health professions to learn with and from each other as they gain knowledge about their chosen professions and the professions of their colleagues. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of IPE in the academic preparation of students of the health professions. Methods A search was conducted of the PubMed and CINAHL databases using the following eligibility criteria: IPE including students from 3 or more healthcare professions, IPE exposure within academic coursework, measurement of attitudes and/or perceptions as outcomes, and quantitative reporting of results. Articles were screened by title, abstract, and full text, and data were extracted. Results The search yielded 870 total articles. After screening, 7 articles remained for review. All studies reported a positive impact of IPE on the education of students of the health professions. Conclusion Evidence showed that IPE activities were an effective tool for improving attitudes toward interdisciplinary teamwork, communication, shared problem-solving, and knowledge and skills in preparation for collaboration within interdisciplinary teams.
Inorganic fertilizer and salt tolerance in Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench ssp. bicolor

In many cases, increased salt tolerance has been shown to correlate with increased nitrogen (N) fertilizer in some plants. It was hypothesized that increased fertilizer would increase salt toleranc...
Visualizing Association of the Retroviral Gag Protein with Unspliced Viral RNA in the Nucleus

Packaging of genomic RNA (gRNA) by retroviruses is essential for infectivity, yet the subcellular site of the initial interaction between the Gag polyprotein and gRNA remains poorly defined. Because retroviral particles are released from the plasma membrane, it was previously thought that Gag proteins initially bound to gRNA in the cytoplasm or at the plasma membrane. However, the Gag protein of the avian retrovirus Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) undergoes active nuclear trafficking, which is required for efficient gRNA encapsidation (L. Z. Scheifele, R. A. Garbitt, J. D. Rhoads, and L. J. Parent, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:3944-3949, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.062652199; R. Garbitt-Hirst, S. P. Kenney, and L. J. Parent, J Virol 83:6790-6797, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00101-09). These results raise the intriguing possibility that the primary contact between Gag and gRNA might occur in the nucleus. To examine this possibility, we created a RSV proviral construct that includes 24 tandem repeats of MS2 RNA stem-loops, making it possible to track RSV viral RNA (vRNA) in live cells in which a fluorophore-conjugated MS2 coat protein is coexpressed. Using confocal microscopy, we observed that both wild-type Gag and a nuclear export mutant (Gag.L219A) colocalized with vRNA in the nucleus. In live-cell time-lapse images, the wild-type Gag protein trafficked together with vRNA as a single ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex in the nucleoplasm near the nuclear periphery, appearing to traverse the nuclear envelope into the cytoplasm. Furthermore, biophysical imaging methods suggest that Gag and the unspliced vRNA physically interact in the nucleus. Taken together, these data suggest that RSV Gag binds unspliced vRNA to export it from the nucleus, possibly for packaging into virions as the viral genome.IMPORTANCE Retroviruses cause severe diseases in animals and humans, including cancer and acquired immunodeficiency syndromes. To propagate infection, retroviruses assemble new virus particles that contain viral proteins and unspliced vRNA to use as gRNA. Despite the critical requirement for gRNA packaging, the molecular mechanisms governing the identification and selection of gRNA by the Gag protein remain poorly understood. In this report, we demonstrate that the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag protein colocalizes with unspliced vRNA in the nucleus in the interchromatin space. Using live-cell confocal imaging, RSV Gag and unspliced vRNA were observed to move together from inside the nucleus across the nuclear envelope, suggesting that the Gag-gRNA complex initially forms in the nucleus and undergoes nuclear export into the cytoplasm as a viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex.
Ophthalmology Residents' Experience with Complex Cataract Surgery at a VA Hospital over 10 Years

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of complex cataract surgery performed by third-year ophthalmology residents at an academic Veterans Administration Medical Center. Methods A chart review was conducted of all resident cataract surgeries performed at the James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center in The Bronx, NY between July 1, 2007, and June 30, 2017. Correct categorization was confirmed by review of operative report and reason for complex categorization was recorded, as well as the use and type of nonstandard device or technique. Results A total of 2,429 routine and 114 complex cataract surgeries were performed by 40 different residents over the 10-year period. In total, 4.5% of all cataract surgeries were categorized as complex. The most common reasons for complex categorization included intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (35.8%), miosis (38.4%), zonular instability (9.6%), mature cataract (7%), posterior synechiae (7.8%), and posterior capsular plaque (1.8%). Nonstandard techniques/devices included iris hooks (65.3%), pupil expansion device (8.5%), extracapsular cataract extraction (6.8%), synechiolysis (7.6%), mechanical iris dilation (0.8%), capsular tension ring (9.3%), and primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (1.7%). Conclusion A review of third-year resident cataract surgery experience at our institution's VA hospital where a significant amount of their surgical volume, approximately 50%, is obtained revealed that complex cataracts constituted a minimal portion of the cases. Education in cataract surgery should be competency based, extend beyond achieving minimums, and focus on variety and complexity of surgical experience. Formal tracking of routine versus complex cases should be considered to optimize training experience and assure patient safety.
Climate, Sea Level, and People – Changing South Florida’s Mangrove Coast

South Florida’s coast is a land of contrasts that appeals to almost everyone, whether they seek out quiet natural environments along the mangrove waterways and in the wilderness of the Everglades or vibrant international culture in Miami. Yet this paradise is threatened by a number of forces – changing climate, rising sea level, and too many people, to name a few. Florida’s past is filled with stories of dramatic change and resiliency, if we look at the geologic record. It also hints at the role of climate alone, in the absence of significant sea level change, in shaping the mangrove coast. Using our knowledge of present-day processes, such as impacts of storms on the mangroves, combined with our interpretation of the past geologic record, is the best way to anticipate future changes. The question is, have humans altered this landscape so much that the species and habitats have lost their natural resiliency, and if they have, what will happen to the people and the unique environments of south Florida?
Role of Hibernation Promoting Factor in Ribosomal Protein Stability during Pseudomonas aeruginosa Dormancy.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes biofilm-associated infections. P. aeruginosa can survive in a dormant state with reduced metabolic activity in nutrient-limited environments, including the interiors of biofilms. When entering dormancy, the bacteria undergo metabolic remodeling, which includes reduced translation and degradation of cellular proteins. However, a supply of essential macromolecules, such as ribosomes, are protected from degradation during dormancy. The small ribosome-binding proteins, hibernation promoting factor (HPF) and ribosome modulation factor (RMF), inhibit translation by inducing formation of inactive 70S and 100S ribosome monomers and dimers. The inactivated ribosomes are protected from the initial steps in ribosome degradation, including endonuclease cleavage of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Here, we characterized the role of HPF in ribosomal protein (rProtein) stability and degradation during P. aeruginosa nutrient limitation. We determined the effect of the physiological status of P. aeruginosa prior to starvation on its ability to recover from starvation, and on its rRNA and rProtein stability during cell starvation. The results show that the wild-type strain and a stringent response mutant (∆relA∆spoT strain) maintain high cellular abundances of the rProteins L5 and S13 over the course of eight days of starvation. In contrast, the abundances of L5 and S13 reduce in the ∆hpf mutant cells. The loss of rProteins in the ∆hpf strain is dependent on the physiology of the cells prior to starvation. The greatest rProtein loss occurs when cells are first cultured to stationary phase prior to starvation, with less rProtein loss in the ∆hpf cells that are first cultured to exponential phase or in balanced minimal medium. Regardless of the pre-growth conditions, P. aeruginosa recovery from starvation and the integrity of its rRNA are impaired in the absence of HPF. The results indicate that protein remodeling during P. aeruginosa starvation includes the degradation of rProteins, and that HPF is essential to prevent rProtein loss in starved P. aeruginosa. The results also indicate that HPF is produced throughout cell growth, and that regardless of the cellular physiological status, HPF is required to protect against ribosome loss when the cells subsequently enter starvation phase.
A Demonstration of the Impossibility That Keynes’s Logical Theory of Probability Was Primarily an Ordinal Theory: Keynes’s C Coefficient of the a Treatise on Probability Is a Mathematical Translation of Interval Valued Probability into a Decision Weight Approach That Modifies the Additive, Linear Approach to Mathematical Probability

It is straightforward to demonstrate that Keynes’s logical theory of probability could not primarily be an ordinal theory of probability. The demonstration is based on three main points made by Keynes. Keynes’s first major point in the A Treatise on Probability covered Keynes’s extensive discussion of non additivity (the general inapplicability of the addition rule of the calculus of probabilities) in Part II of the A Treatise on Probability (1921), as well as his many worked out problems using interval valued probability in Part II of the A Treatise on Probability (1921). Any attempt to juxtapose ordinal probability and non additivity is an oxymoron because ordinal probability can’t be added or multiplied. Part II of the A Treatise on Probability has nothing to do with ordinal probability. Keynes’s second major point was that the difficult topic of developing an interval valued approach to probability can be avoided by using decision weights that translate additive probability into non linear and non additive decision weights. Keynes’s conventional coefficient of weight and risk,c, was designed to allow his interval valued probability concept to be translated into non linear ,non additive coefficients or decision weights while starting the analysis using additive probability.It is mathematically and statistically impossible to do this with ordinal probability. Keynes’s third major point in the A Treatise on Probability shows that Keynes’s discussion of statistical frequencies involves his use of interval valued probability through the use of upper and lower limits or bounds,an approach identical to that used by Keynes in Part II. None of Keynes’s results from Parts II ,III, IV, and V of the A Treatise on Probability using either interval valued probability or decision weights, first introduced by Keynes to deal with the problems of non linearity and non additivity are alluded to by any Post Keynesian or Fundamentalist Cambridge Keynesian in any article or book written by them over the last 40 years. O’Donnell (2019) and Dow (2019) are have simply overlooked all of Keynes’s analysis in Part II, IV, and V of the TP dealing with measurement. O’Donnell (2019) and Dow (2019) rely completely on a very severe misinterpretation of pages 38-40 of the TP, as well as the diagram on page 39. The diagram on page 39 of the A Treatise on Probability illustrates the linear and additive probabilities of OAI with the nonlinear (quadratic) and non additive nature of the probabilities of all of the other paths. There is no theory of ordinal probability used, developed, deployed, or applied on pp.38-40 of the TP.
Automatically Determining Necessity of Online Adaptive Replanning Based on MRI Wavelet Multiscale Texture Features for MRI-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) MRI-guided adaptive radiation therapy (MRgART), particularly daily online adaptive replanning (OLAR) as enabled with MR-LINAC, can substantially improve radiation therapy delivery. However, OLAR is labor-intensive and time-consuming. OLAR is unnecessary for all treatment fractions and being able to objectively and automatically determine when it is needed is desirable. In this study, we investigate whether wavelet multiscale texture features extracted from daily MRI can be used to automatically and objectively identify when OLAR is needed using a machine learning approach. MATERIALS/METHODS The method was developed and demonstrated using 70 daily motion average MRI sets acquired on a 1.5T MR-LINAC using a balanced turbo field echo sequence during MRgART for 14 pancreatic cancer patients each treated with 5 fractions. For each daily MRI set, OLAR and repositioning (i.e., adapt to position) plans were created and judged per clinical dose-volume constrains by experienced MRL physicists. Multiscale texture features were extracted from the region enclosed by 50 and 100% reference isodose surfaces for different wavelet decomposition levels. Spearman correlations were utilized to rule-out redundant features. Inter-class correlation (ICC), coefficient of variance (COV), and t-test (P < 0.05) were used to determine significant features. Mahalonobis distance classifier with a leave one out cross-validation method was used to develop prediction models based on the identified features and their combinations. The performance of the model to predict whether OLAR is necessary for a given daily MRI set was measured using the AUC of the ROC curve. RESULTS Spearman correlation identified 123 features from different wavelet decomposition levels that were not redundant (r < 0.9). Of these features, 82 showed high ICC for repositioning, 67 had a COV greater than 9% for OLAR and lower than 5% for repositioning. In addition, 38 of the 67 features passed the t-test with P value < 0.05. Best performing model was a 3-feature combination that can predict OLAR necessity with an AUC of 0.95. It was found that misclassification was attributed to some cases with very close dosimetric gain between repositioning and OLAR and hence a lower discrimination ability for this subgroup. CONCLUSION The necessity of OLAR can be automatically determined using a machine learning model based on the wavelet multiscale texture features from the daily MRI immediately after its acquisition, avoiding unnecessary effort during MRgART.
Parallelism, Compiler Optimization, and Deterministic Scheduling Theory

As massively parallel machines come into existence, people will be writing algorithms and code tailored to these machines. Nonetheless, there remains a considerable need for optimizing parallel compilers. One inescapable fact is that there is a tremendous amount of code already written for sequential machines. Since producing software can be very costly, there is an understandable reluctance to rewrite already working code to make it run efficiently on a parallel computer. This problem is exacerbated by the phenomenon of unknown side effects. It can be a risky proposition to rewrite code which frequently is poorly documented, if it is documented at all, when you don’t know precisely what the code does.
Values of Beauty: Historical Essays in Aesthetics

Values of Beauty discusses major ideas and figures in the history of aesthetics from the beginning of the eighteenth century to the end of the twentieth century. The core of the book features Paul Guyer's essays on the epochal contribution of Immauel Kant, and sets Kant's work in the context of predecessors, contemporaries, and successors including David Hume, Alexander Gerard, Archibald Alison, Arthur Schopenhauer, and John Stuart Mill All of the essays emphasize the complexity rather than isolation of our aesthetic experience of both nature and art; and the interconnection of aesthetic values such as beauty and sublimity on the one hand, and prudential and moral values on the other. Guyer emphasizes that the idea of the freedom of the imagination as the key to both artistic creation and aesthetic experience has been a common thread throughout the modern history of aesthetics, although the freedom of the imagination has been understood and connected to other forms of freedom in a variety of ways.
The future of the United Nations : understanding the past to chart a way forward

This book shows how the UN has proven inept at maintaining world peace and promoting human rights. The author proposes a smaller version of the organization, refocused on simpler aims.
Detention basins as best management practices for water quality control in an arid region

Abstract Flood control detention basins (DBs) can act as water quality control structures or best management practices (BMPs). A key pollutant that DBs serve to settle out is particulate phosphorus, which adsorbs onto sediment. This study examines the sediment phosphorus concentration and its relationship with the particle size of sediment microcosms from pre- and post-rain event samples obtained from six DBs located in Clark County, Nevada. DBs were allotted a land use classification to determine if there was a correlation between the sediment phosphorus concentration and surrounding land use. The curve number method was used to calculate the runoff and subsequent phosphorus carried into the DB by the runoff. Our data show sediment phosphorus concentrations to be highest in soils from undeveloped areas. Runoff amount also plays a substantial role in determining the amount of phosphorus brought into the DB by sediment. This research has implications for improvement of water quality in arid regions.
The Transformative Nature of Peer Ministry Programs at Catholic Colleges and Universities: Present Realities

Peer ministry is often a vital component of campus ministry offices at Catholic colleges and universities. In order to determine the effectiveness of peer ministry in contributing to a student’s faith development as well as her or his abilities to integrate faith intentionally and refl ectively into everyday life, data were collected from surveys of two sample populations from the 117 peer ministry programs at Catholic colleges in the United States from October 2012 to February 2013. The data revealed (1) features of current programs, (2) the effectiveness of peer ministry in contributing to the faith development of peer ministers and their peers, and (3) areas of concern that underscore the need for an intentional, religious educational plan for peer ministry programs.
Renal venous renin activity. Enhancement of sensitivity of lateralization by sodium depletion.

Abstract The predictive value of significant lateralization of renal venous renin activity (ratio of 1.5 or greater between the value from the affected or more severely affected kidney and the value from the contralateral kidney) with respect to the results of surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension was assessed in 60 patients followed up postoperatively for 6 to 30 months. Studies of renal venous renin activity in 26 patients with normal levels of sodium intake disclosed lateralization in 8 (all in improved condition after surgery) and non-lateralization in 18 (17 in improved and 1 in unimproved condition after surgery). Results were correctly predicted in 9 patients (35 percent). Studies in 41 patients with reduced sodium intake showed lateralization in 33 (all in improved condition) and nonlateralization in 8 (4 in improved and 4 in unimproved condition after surgery). Results were correctly predicted in 37 patients (90 percent). Seven patients were studied on both regimens. Sodium depletion increased the sensitivity of the renal venous renin activity measurement for determining a functionally significant presser kidney in renovascular hypertension.
Development of optimum rhombic antenna design parameters

A computer method for determining the antenna design parameters which maximize system response under the propagation conditions encountered on the specific propagation path is described. The method described is applied to design of rhombic antenna systems specifically but is applicable to other types of antennas whose response can be expressed mathematically.
Long-Run Cost Curves

Long-run cost curves are defined and their economic importance is explained. Keywords: fixed costs; short run cost curves; economic profit
Climate change beliefs and hazard mitigation behaviors: homeowners and wildfire risk

Downscaled climate models provide projections of how climate change may exacerbate the local impacts of natural hazards. The extent to which people facing exacerbated hazard conditions understand or respond to climate-related changes to local hazards has been largely overlooked. In this article, we examine the relationships among climate change beliefs, environmental beliefs, and hazard mitigation actions in the context of wildfire, a natural hazard projected to be intensified by climate change. We find that survey respondents are situated across a continuum between being ‘believers’ and ‘deniers’ that is multidimensional. Placement on this believer–denier spectrum is related to general environmental attitudes. We fail, however, to find a relationship between climate change beliefs and wildfire risk-reduction actions in general. In contrast, we find a statistically significant positive relationship between level of wildfire risk mitigation and being a climate denier. Further, certain pro-environmental att...
Control of the clover head weevil on crimson clover.

Sixteen insecticides were applied to crimson clover for control of Hypera meles (F.). Two tests were conducted: one involved effectiveness of granules and the other included effects of 2 applications of emulsifiable concen- trate insecticides. Larval infestations in plots treated with granular Baygon® ( o -isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate) were significantly less than those in the check plots and in plots treated with carbaryl and diazinon. Seed yields from plots treated with Baygon, N-2790 (O -ethyl S -phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate) , Dursban® ( O,O -diethyl o -3,5,6- tdcllloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate), and EPN ( o -ethyl O-p -nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate) were not significantly different, but each produced higher yields than diazinon treated plots. Application of emulsifiable concentrate insecticides significantly reduced the larval population. GS-13005 ( O,O -dimethyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with 4 (mercaptomethyl) -2-methox ∆2 -1,3,4.thiadiazolin- 5-one), methyl parathion, azinphosmethyl, lmic1an Dan ®( O,O -dimethyl S -phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate), parathion, and carbaryl were more effective than the other materials applied. Seed yields were greater in all treated plots, except those treated with methoxydllor and carbophenothion, than in untreated plots. Plots sprayed with metllyl parathion produced the greatest seed yields.