cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct Lightning Strikes to Test Power Distribution Lines—Part II: Measured and Modeled Current Division Among Multiple Arresters and Grounds

The division of return stroke current among the arresters and groundings of two unenergized test distribution lines, one horizontally configured and the other vertically configured, was studied at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing in Florida. The division of return stroke currents for the vertically configured line was initially similar to the division on the horizontally configured line: at the time the return stroke current reached peak value (after one microsecond, or so) the two closest arresters/grounds on both lines passed about 90% of the total current. However, the time during which the return stroke current flowed primarily through the closest arresters to the neutral conductor was significantly shorter on the vertically configured line. On that line, the arrester current was about equally divided among all four arresters after several tens of microseconds. The arrester current division as a function of time measured on the vertical line was successfully modeled using the published VI-characteristic, while the division on the horizontal line after some tens of microseconds was only successfully modeled if the residual voltage of the two arresters closest to the current injection point was reduced by 20%. Based on the triggered lightning current division observed on our line, the minimum energy absorbed in each of the two arresters closest to the strike point during a typical natural first stroke is estimated to be 40 kJ.
Tagged jets and jet reconstruction as a probe of the quark-gluon plasma

Abstract The large center-of-mass energies available to the heavy-ion program at the LHC and recent experimental advances at RHIC will enable QCD matter at very high temperatures and energy densities, that is, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), to be probed in unprecedented ways. Fully-reconstructed inclusive jets and the away-side hadron showers associated with electroweak bosons, that is, tagged jets, are among these exciting new probes. Full jet reconstruction provides an experimental window into the mechanisms of quark and gluon dynamics in the QGP which is not accessible via leading particles and leading particle correlations. Theoretical advances in these exciting new fields of research can help resolve some of the most controversial points in heavy ion physics today such as the significance of the radiative, collisional and dissociative processes in the QGP and the applicability of strong versus weak coupling regimes to describe jet production and propagation. In this proceedings, I will present results on the production and subsequent suppression of high energy jets tagged with Z bosons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies using the Gyulassy-Levai-Vitev (GLV) parton energy loss approach.
A swarm approach for emission sources localization

We provide a biasing expansion swarm approach (BESA) for using multiple simple mobile agents, with limited sensing and communication capabilities, to collaboratively search and locate an indeterminate number of emission sources in an unknown large-scale area. The key concept in this approach is swarm behavior. By applying the three properties of the swarm behavior: separation, cohesion and alignment, our approach can ensure the agent group attains dynamically stable ad-hoc connectivity and fast target convergence. Using a grid map to represent the unknown environment, an ad-hoc network for wireless communication and our biasing expansion algorithm for path planning, each agent simultaneously considers all concentration values collected by other swarm members and determines the positive gradient direction of the whole coverage area of the swarm. This will make the swarm immune to the random sensor errors, local aerosol accumulations and other local interference effects during their search. We present a simulated environment that has multiple emission sources and complex aerosol accumulation and distribution. Based on the simulation, our approach can achieve better performance than the gradient descent approach, which currently appears to be the most popular algorithm for emission source localization.
An overview of technology trends and innovation potential in recording, storing, dissemination, presentation, application and creation of knowledge

Many recent advances on the Web, including Blog, RSS, and Wiki are centered on the same theme, knowledge dissemination and sharing. This paper gives an overview of the trends of knowledge disseminating and sharing technologies, the driving forces behind them, the social impact, and the affected old technologies. This paper also covers the evolution of knowledge recording, storing, presentation, application, and creation. It is possible to foresee, with the study of current trends, the emerging products and services and how they will shape our society in the next few years.
Time-delayed decentralized H ∞ controller design for civil structures: A homotopy method through linear matrix inequalities

Traditional structural feedback control systems are centralized systems. The applications of these systems to large scale structures usually encounter a number of difficulties regarding system reliability, cost, and feedback latency. Decentralized control strategies offer promising alternatives that can address some of these difficulties. When making control decisions, decentralized controllers may only require data from sensors located in the neighborhood of a control device. Control decentralization lowers the demand on communication range in the sensing and control network, reduces feedback latency, and removes the risk associated with a centralized controller where single-point failure can paralyze the entire control system. This paper presents a time-delayed decentralized structural control strategy that aims to minimize the H ∞ norm of the closed-loop system. Feedback time delay is included in the formulation for the decentralized controller design, which employs a homotopy method through linear matrix inequalities (LMI). Corresponding to certain decentralized feedback patterns, the homotopy method gradually degenerates a centralized control design into a decentralized control scheme. At each homotopy step, LMI constraints are satisfied to guarantee the performance requirement for the closed-loop H ∞ norm. The proposed algorithm is validated through numerical simulations with an example structure.
The Effect of Cupric Acetate on Ethionine Metabolism

SUMMARY The addition of cupric acetate, a potent inhibitor of ethionine carcinogenesis, to a diet containing ethionine increased the ethionine toxicity. The concentration of S-adenosylethionine in liver was found to be significantly higher when compared to animals fed only ethionine in the diet. Ethionine forms a complex(es) with cupric acetate that is insoluble at a pH higher than 4; however, this complex can be solubilized at a low pH. Ethionine, if administered p.o. in the form of this complex, was absorbed from the intestinal lumen in the same order of magnitude as when administered alone; however, as the body weight increased over 200 g, the portion of absorbed ethionine decreased. The absorption of ethionine bound in the complex was com- pleted within 16 hr compared to 2 hr for free ethionine. This time delay was accompanied by a shift in the concentration maximum of ethionine metabolites in the liver from 8 to 24 hr. When ethionine was administered alone, it was metabo- lized in the intestinal lumen as demonstrated by the analysis of the soluble intestinal contents; the presence of cupric acetate inhibited this process. The chromatographic analy- sis of ethionine metabolites in urine of rats treated by the complex revealed an increased excretion of ethionine sulfox- ide and other ethionine metabolites at the expense of N-acetylethionine sulfoxide. The increased concentration of S-adenosylethionine in the liver in chronic experiments may be, at least partly, a result of a diminished capacity of the rat to detoxify (acetylate) ethionine sulfoxide, which is considered the main reserve pool of ethionine for the maintenance of a high level of S-adenosylethionine. INTRODUCTION The use of inhibitors of chemical carcinogenesis that operate on different levels of metabolism of carcinogenic substances or on different levels of the pathological events produced by these substances can give new insights into the mechanism of carcinogenesis. Some systems were described (see review, Ref. 29) that emphasize mainly the role of nonspecific microsomal hydroxylases that participate in the metabolism of some carcinogenic substances. Ethionine is unique when compared to other carcinogens, since its metabolism is similar to that of methionine (see reviews in ~This stody was supported by USPHS Grant CA-II071 from the National Cancer Institute, NIH. Received April 16, 1975; accepted July 30, 1975. Refs. 6 and 26) and the hepatic microsomal enzymatic system apparently does not play an essential role in the ethionine action. The use of some other inhibitors of ethionine action could provide insight into other possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis. CuAc 2 applied together with some carcinogenic substances in food manifested itself as an effective inhibitor of liver carcinogenesis (10, 13). Kama- moto
Fatigue Insensitivity of Nanoscale Freestanding Aluminum Films

We demonstrate a microelectromechanical-system-based setup for fatigue studies on 200-nm-thick freestanding aluminum specimens in situ inside the transmission electron microscope. The specimens did not show any sign of fatigue damage even at 1.2 ×106 cycles under nominal stresses about 80% of the static ultimate strength. We show direct evidence to propose that the conventional theory of fatigue crack nucleation through slip bands does not work for nanoscale freestanding thin films, which gives rise to the anomalous fatigue insensitivity.
Secular Variation in the Pacific Ocean Region

Summary Recent geomagnetic data shows a region centred on the Pacific Ocean in which secular variation of the geomagnetic field is lower than elsewhere. Knowledge of the geographical and/or temporal permanence of this feature can aid in understanding the deep structure and history of the Earth and has obvious implications with respect to the common assumption of a spherically symmetric earth. A literature survey has been carried out to find palaeomagnetic data which meet sufficient criteria to be considered measures of palaeosecular variation (PSV) of the geomagnetic field. Analysis of these data indicates that the Pacific PSV low has existed throughout the Cenozoic Era and that perhaps it was slightly more pronounced during Tertiary than during Quaternary times. These results are dependent on the size of the area included in the‘Pacific Region’; excluding data from the margins of the Pacific Ocean increases the PSV contrast but the small numbers of remaining Pacific Region data make the results statistically questionable.
The Plausibility of Micronutrient Deficiency in Relationship to Perinatal Infection

Infection has a major effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes, and this relationship appears strongest among populations that suffer from malnutrition. The most likely mediating factor linking this association is the effect of nutritional status on various host defense mechanisms. These mechanisms include intact skin and epithelial surfaces, phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils, cell-mediated protection by T cells and natural killer cells and antibody production by B cells. Deficiencies of virtually every vitamin and mineral and protein-energy malnutrition have been shown to negatively affect some or several host defense functions. There is therefore no question that a plausible relationship exists between micronutrient deficiency and infection-mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, proof of this relationship is generally not available.
Individual Differences in Information Integration During Moral Judgment

An ethical ideologies model based on relativism and idealism was tested. Subjects judged the morality of an individual who produced a mildly or extremely positive or negative consequence by conforming to or violating a common moral norm. As predicted, an averaging model with differential weights accounted for situationists' (high relativism and idealism) and absolutists' (low relativism and high idealism) judgments; conformity to norms was discounted when the consequence was extremely negative or positive. In contrast, subjectivists' (high relativism and low idealism) judgments conformed to an averaging model; a mildly positive consequence lowered moral judgments of conforming actions. whereas a mildly negative consequence tended to raise moral judgments of nonconforming actions. Last, exceptionists' (low relativism and idealism) judgments were influenced equally by conformity and consequence. These individuals generally combined data in a strictly linear, additive fashion; the more positive the consequence or the greater the conformity of the action to a moral norm, thc more positive the moral judgment.
Estimation of Rideability by Analyzing Longitudinal Road Profile

A method for estimating pavement rideability by computing a statistic called ride number (RN) from measured longitudinal profiles of the pavement is presented. The computational algorithm was developed with two objectives in mind: (a) relevance, as established by correlation between RN and mean panel ratings obtained for profiled pavements, and (b) portability, as determined by the ability of different profiling systems to obtain comparable RN values for profiles taken on the same pavement. Experimental data show that the new algorithm is comparable to previously developed RN algorithms in terms of its correlation with panel ratings. The new algorithm is much more portable; comparable RN values can be obtained from different profilers and the quasistatic Dipstick device. However, measures from ultrasonic profilers are not as accurate, and in some cases these devices are not acceptable for measuring RN. Although the fundamental relationships between profile characteristics and the human perception of ridea...
Trends in the Incidence of Outcomes Defining Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: 1985–1991

Incidence of clinical outcomes defining acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may be expected to change as a consequence of progressive immunosuppression and use of chemoprophylaxis before the onset of AIDS. Using Poisson regression methods, we examined trends in the incidence of initial and secondary AIDS-defining illnesses from 1985 to 1991 among 2,627 homosexual men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia rose steeply until 1987 but has declined since then (p < 0.001), while the other AIDS-defining conditions have showed significant (p < or = 0.039) upward trends. Trends for Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, neurologic disease, and cytomegalovirus/herpes simplex virus infections were explained by progressive immunosuppression, but residual downward and upward trends were present for P. carinii pneumonia and other opportunistic infections (bacterial, fungal, and protozoal infections and wasting syndrome). Despite selection bias, those receiving P. carinii pneumonia chemoprophylaxis showed a significantly lower incidence of P. carinii pneumonia (relative risk = 0.32, 95% confidence interval 0.16-0.63), and the time trends of P. carinii pneumonia were explained by progressive immunosuppression and use of prophylaxis. No significant effects on all other diagnoses were seen in those selected to receive antiretroviral therapy. Secondary diagnoses showed a strongly significant (p < 0.001) increase in non-P. carinii pneumonia and non-Kaposi's sarcoma among those with initial diagnoses of Kaposi's sarcoma. Overall, the trend observed in the incidence of other opportunistic infections underscores the need for developing and testing new strategies to curtail or delay the onset of these diseases.
The use of computer simulation in the evaluation of electric vehicle batteries

Abstract An integrated simulation and testing approach is presented to evaluate batteries for electric vehicle (EV) applications. This new approach combines traditional experimental testing with computer simulations to create a cost-effective means to evaluate EV batteries and provide important information that is difficult or impossible to obtain from purely experimental measurements. The present simulators for the lead–acid and nickel–metal hydride (Ni–MH) batteries are developed based on the fundamental principles governing their electrochemical behaviors and are created using an advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. Computer simulations are validated by experimental data under the dynamic stress test (DST) procedure for a lead–acid battery module and a Ni–MH cell with good agreement. Moreover, computer simulations reveal that the studied lead–acid battery underutilizes the active material by as much as 70% and the MH electrode of the Ni–MH cell is overdesigned by about 30% under the simulated EV duty. Therefore, there is good potential of increasing the specific energy and reducing the cost if batteries are optimized for EVs using a simulation-based design approach.
Determining Parallel Analysis Criteria

Exploratory factor analysis is an important analytic tool for investigating test validity. Of all the decisions made in exploratory factor analysis, determining the number of factors to extract is perhaps the most critical because incorrect specification will obscure the factor structure (Cattell, 1978; Glorfeld, 1995; Goodwin & Goodwin, 1999). Although overextraction might be somewhat less serious than under-extraction (Wood, Tataryn, & Gorsuch, 1996), it has been empirically demonstrated that both have deleterious effects (Fava & Velicer, 1992, 1996). Many criteria for determining the number of factors to extract have been proposed (Benson & Nasser, 1998). Unfortunately, most are inaccurate guides to practice (Kanyongo, 2005; Zwick & Velicer, 1986). Based upon current simulation research (Velicer, Eaton, & Fava, 2000; Zwick & Velicer, 1986), only two methods have consistently emerged as accurate: the Parallel Analysis (PA) method of Horn (1965) and the Minimum Average Partial (MAP) method of Velicer (1976).
Success Through Selectivity

action is reverse racism and, in recent years, some of their peers of color seem to wholeheartedly agree. When I share Pager's work with them, they reconsider their positions, and I am able to share my best argument for strengthe ing antidiscrimination enforcement and affirmative action. I argue that Pager's study should be conducted in cities a suburbs across the nation so we can know, rather tha speculate about, whether employers acr ss the United States treat all prospective employees the same. I' proud to say that my students agree. I then argue that, if the day comes, when Pager's study is not replicable, then this would be evidence that the United States had truly overcome its racial legacy of white supremacy. Until then, it would be nethical not to assist those who remain sus ect and unwanted for no reason other than the color of t eir skin. Thanks to Pager's methodological rigor and to my great delight, my students tend to make the "action" leap and agree with this statement as well.
Knowledge Enhanced IT Service Management

To manage the increasing complexity of IT systems and align IT services with business is the main theme of IT Service Management (ITSM). Current ITSM architecture adopts ITU as the framework to integrate silos of operational management tools and configuration information to build an end-to-end solution based on best practices. However, it lacks of a systematic means to address an important aspect of IT operation, i.e., managing the knowledge separated in various tools and experts' minds. In this paper, a novel knowledge-enhanced architecture is proposed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of ITSM. The essential contribution of this novel architecture is to involve a Knowledge Management Database (KMDB) which provides assistance for knowledge capture, mining, storage and sharing. The paper will discuss an approach of how to construct such a KMDB with motivating scenarios and detailed description of key components. To validate the approach, a prototype system is developed and evaluated by being applied for problem analysis on a Cisco Voice over IP (VoIP) system. The experiment results show a remarkable improvement in the effectiveness and efficiency for practical IT service management operations.
Parvovirus Infection of Cells by Using Variants of the Feline Transferrin Receptor Altering Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis, Membrane Domain Localization, and Capsid-Binding Domains

The feline and canine transferrin receptors (TfRs) bind canine parvovirus to host cells and mediate rapid capsid uptake and infection. The TfR and its ligand transferrin have well-described pathways of endocytosis and recycling. Here we tested several receptor-dependent steps in infection for their role in virus infection of cells. Deletions of cytoplasmic sequences or mutations of the Tyr-Thr-Arg-Phe internalization motif reduced the rate of receptor uptake from the cell surface, while polar residues introduced into the transmembrane sequence resulted in increased degradation of transferrin. However, the mutant receptors still mediated efficient virus infection. In contrast, replacing the cytoplasmic and transmembrane sequences of the feline TfR with those of the influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) resulted in a receptor that bound and endocytosed the capsid but did not mediate viral infection. This chimeric receptor became localized to detergent-insoluble membrane domains. To test the effect of structural virus receptor interaction on infection, two chimeric receptors were prepared which contained antibody-variable domains that bound the capsid in place of the TfR ectodomain. These chimeric receptors bound CPV capsids and mediated uptake but did not result in cell infection. Adding soluble feline TfR ectodomain to the virus during that uptake did not allow infection.
Obama's Political Philosophy: Pragmatism, Politics, and the University of Chicago

In early work, I argued that Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States, often represented, in his political speeches and writings, a form of philosophical pragmatism with special relations to the University of Chicago and its reform tradition. That form of pragmatism, especially evident in the work of such early figures as John Dewey and Jane Addams, and such later figures as Saul Alinsky, Abner Mikva, David Greenstone, Richard Rorty, Danielle Allen, and Cass Sunstein, contributed greatly to the intellectual atmosphere that Obama breathed during his many years in Chicago as a community organizer, senior lecturer in the University of Chicago Law School, and emerging figure in Illinois politics. And that form of pragmatism has, from Dewey to Obama, been keenly concerned to appropriate for its purposes the legacy of Abraham Lincoln. My purpose in this essay is to set out these filiations in ways more accessible to a global audience, and to carry the story forward through the opening moves of the ...
Transforming Values into Actions Ecological Preservation through Energy Conservation

Overconsumption of nonrenewable natural resources (and the resulting pollution that the waste of energy produces) represents important ways in which the industrialized nations put stress on the earth's ecosystems. Several technologies to make better use of electrical energy for lighting, heating, and cooling are now available but dramatically underused by consumers. Three studies are reported that consider strategies to measure the cost efficiency and to enhance the use of new energy-saving devices. The roles that psychologists might play in identifying and counteracting resistances to change are examined
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Creativity — What is the connection?

The focus of this article is on the similarities between the behavioral manifestations of ADHD and creativity, some speculations about their common etiology, some illustrative case studies, and practical implications of mistaking one for the other. The possibility of an overlap in the conditions of high creativity and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is proposed. Evidence in both groups of mixed laterality and anomalies in cerebral dominance, more spontaneous ideation, higher levels of sensation seeking behavior, and higher energy and activity than in normal populations is presented. Calvin, one of the title characters in the comic strip Calvin and Hobbes, exemplifies many teachers' worst nightmare. He is the Dennis the Menace of the 90's — bright, inquisitive, imaginative, active, and always into something. Many strips depict his conflicts with school personnel and other adults, often as a result of his runaway imagination. Because his imagination is so vividly depicted, the strips provide excellent examples of creative strengths. However, the same strips could also be used to illustrate the behavior of a classic case of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There are so many similarities in the behavioral descriptions of creativity and ADHD that one is left to wonder, could these be overlapping phenomena? The focus of this article will be on the similarities between the behavioral manifestations of ADHD and creativity, some speculations about their common etiology, some illustrative case studies, and practical implications of mistaking one for the other. In order to comprehend how two such apparently different syndromes could be confused, a better understanding of the history and evolution of the concept of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is necessary. Therefore, this article will begin with a brief historical overview.
Connectedness Among Chilean Adolescents: Factor Analysis of the Hemingway Measure of Adolescent Connectedness

Se examino el constructo conectividad en 390 adolescentes chilenos en un colegio urbano y catolico de Santiago. Mediante un analisis factorial exploratorio de la escala Hemingway Measure of Adolescent Connectedness (Hemingway, Karcher, 2003) se observo una estructura de 11 factores que da cuenta de un 61,92% de la varianza explicada de la conectividad de los adolescentes medida por la escala Hemingway, lo cual es muy similar a los resultados obtenidos en muestras de adolescentes estadounidenses. Tambien se describen dos subescalas adicionales (la conectividad con los/las hermanos/as y con los/las pololos/as). Las relaciones entre los factores de conectividad y los datos reportados por los adolescentes, sus padres y profesores contribuyen tambien a la validez de constructo de la escala en esta muestra chilena. Para los adolescentes de distintos contextos culturales la conectividad es un factor importante de proteccion y la escala Hemingway es un instrumento de uso prometedor con adolescentes chilenos.
Hallucinations in Nonpsychotic Disorders: Toward a Differential Diagnosis of “Hearing Voices”

While auditory hallucinations (AH) are prototypic psychotic symptoms whose clinical presence is often equated with a psychotic disorder, they are commonly found among those without mental illness a...
Who Benefits From Casual Sex? The Moderating Role of Sociosexuality

Casual sex has become a normative experience among young people, raising concerns regarding its well-being consequences. Prior findings on main effects of casual sex on well-being are mixed, sugges...
The Research of Three Phase Voltage PWM Rectifier Based on Variable-Structure Control

Considering the poor dynamic performance and the uncertainties of the parameters of three-phase PWM rectifiers, this paper study the mathematical model of 3-phase PWM rectifiers and proposed the sliding-mode variable structure control. It can make system quick, steady and have a robust control performance against the uncertainties of the parameters. Consequently the current wave of electricity net side is ensured being sine, the power factor is approaching unity. Simulative and experimental results indicate that the variable structure control improves the dynamic performance of PWM rectifiers and strengthens the system robustness.
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Permanent Versus Temporary Threshold Shifts and the Effects of Hair Cell Versus Neuronal Degeneration

For decades, research on permanent noise-induced hearing loss has concentrated on the death of sensory hair cells and the associated threshold elevations. Recent work has shown that cochlear neurons are actually more vulnerable to noise, and even after exposures causing only temporary threshold elevation and no loss of hair cells, there is a rapid and irreversible loss of synaptic connections between cochlear neurons and hair cells followed by a slow degeneration of cochlear nerve cell bodies and central axons. Although this noise-induced neuropathy does not affect the audiogram, it likely reduces performance on more complex auditory tasks such as speech discrimination in noise.
Distributed renewable resources and the utility business model

Abstract The recent calls for a new utility business model, to avoid a DER-induced death spiral, fail to fully understand the important role the utility business model has played in funding regulatory-driven social programs. Over the past 30 years, as new regulatory demands have been placed on the utility, the utility business model has evolved. The new DER challenge to the utility business model is basically a new form of uneconomic bypass that requires regulators to get utility pricing right, to reflect both the incremental and full cost of utility service.
Severe Acute Pancreatitis and Necrotizing Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis results in nearly 250,000 admissions annually. Acute pancreatitis varies widely in its clinical presentation. Pancreatic necrosis accounts for substantial additional morbidity, with mortality rates remaining as high as 10% to 20% despite advances in critical care. The extent of necrosis correlates well with the incidence of infected necrosis, multiorgan failure, need for pancreatic debridement, and morbidity and mortality. Having established the diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis, goals of appropriately aggressive resuscitation should be established and adhered to in a multidisciplinary approach involving both medical and surgical critical care.
Energy Decomposition Analysis with a Stable Charge-Transfer Term for Interpreting Intermolecular Interactions

Many schemes for decomposing quantum-chemical calculations of intermolecular interaction energies into physically meaningful components can be found in the literature, but the definition of the charge-transfer (CT) contribution has proven particularly vexing to define in a satisfactory way and typically depends strongly on the choice of basis set. This is problematic, especially in cases of dative bonding and for open-shell complexes involving cation radicals, for which one might expect significant CT. Here, we analyze CT interactions predicted by several popular energy decomposition analyses and ultimately recommend the definition afforded by constrained density functional theory (cDFT), as it is scarcely dependent on basis set and provides results that are in accord with chemical intuition in simple cases, and in quantitative agreement with experimental estimates of the CT energy, where available. For open-shell complexes, the cDFT approach affords CT energies that are in line with trends expected based...
Measurement of heart rate activity in two different recording and amplification systems.

Heart rate, measured by the Stoelting Polygraph and the Offner Dynograph systems, under varying levels of activation showed virtually no difference between systems. Method of transduction also made little difference, for short periods of recording.
Manganese and hydralazine as studied by neutron activation and radioactive Mn.

Hydralazine produces a “Lupus-like” syndrome in a few patients. This syndrome has been reproduced experimentally in the laboratory, and, circumstantially, a Mn-deficiency seemed implicated. The results of a dietary deficiency of Mn were compared to the effects of hydralazine administration. The alterations produced by dietary Mn found in mice were not duplicated by hydralazine.Studies relating hydralazine (“Apresoline,” CIBA) to manganese (Mn) metabolism have suggested that a Mn deficiency might be produced by long term administration of this drug(l). Because hydralazine can induce a syndrome similar to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in patients, it seemed possible that Mn deficiency might play a role in the etiology of this disease.As neutron activation analysis (NAA) has proven to be a specific and accurate technique to measure tissue concentrations of Mn, it was used to determine whether hydralazine administration might lower Mn in tissues. Although tracer techniques are not a perfect answer to the...
Discrete Electronic Bands in Semiconductors and Insulators: Potential High-Light-Yield Scintillators

Bulk semiconductors and insulators typically have continuous valence and conduction bands. In this paper, we show that valence and conduction bands of a multinary semiconductor or insulator can be split to narrow discrete bands separated by large energy gaps. This unique electronic structure is demonstrated by first-principles calculations in several quaternary elpasolite compounds, i.e., Cs2NaInBr6, Cs2NaBiCl6, and Tl2NaBiCl6. The narrow discrete band structure in these quaternary elpasolites is due to the large electronegativity difference among cations and the large nearest-neighbor distances in cation sublattices. We further use Cs2NaInBr6 as an example to show that the narrow bands can stabilize self-trapped and dopant-bound excitons (in which both the electron and the hole are strongly localized in static positions on adjacent sites) and promote strong exciton emission at room temperature. The discrete band structure should further suppress thermalization of hot carriers and may lead to enhanced impact ionization, which is usually considered inefficient in bulk semiconductors and insulators. Finally, these characteristics can enable efficient room-temperature light emission in low-gap scintillators and may overcome the light-yield bottleneck in current scintillator research.
Intraoperative assessment of the physiologic significance of coronary stenosis in humans

Coronary angiography is generally considered the gold standard in assessing the significance of coronary stenosis. The inadequacy of coronary angiography has frequently been demonstrated by intraoperative findings that differ from those projected by the catheterization report To better assess the physiologic significance of coronary stenosis, we measured intramyocardial pH intraoperatively in 50 myocardial segments supplied by stenotic coronary arteries before and after revascularization in 42 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The hemodynamic, electrocardiographic, and pH responses to atrial pacing were recorded intraoperatively before and after revascularization. The coronary angiograms, performed within 3 months before bypass grafting, were reviewed by a single independent observer. Preoperative and postoperative radionuclide ventriculograms were performed and also reviewed by an independent observer. In response to atrial pacing, a fall exceeding 0.02 pH units was considered to represent ischemia and was observed in 28 segments. Patients exhibiting this response comprised Group I. Twenty-two segments demonstrated a fall of less than 0.02 pH units or a rise in pH in response to atrial pacing. Patients having this response comprised Group II. Segments in Group I responded dramatically to revascularization, with the pH during atrial pacing rising from –0.09 ± 0.01 to –0.02 ± 0.01 (p 75%) failed to demonstrate a significant fall in their pH during atrial pacing. In these segments, intraoperative findings and postoperative results corroborated the metabolic findings. Coronary angiography, therefore, was only 45% specific in assessing physiologically significant obstructions. The degree of segmental wall motion abnormalities likewise correlated poorly with the pH changes. Unlike coronary angiography, the response of intramyocardial pH to pacing is an accurate metabolic tool to assess myocardial ischemia in humans.
Reduction of extra pattern defects in immersion layer reworks by cleans recipe optimization: CFM: Contamination free manufacturing

In order to remove the photoresist during the rework process, a dry rework is primarily used to ash the photoresist followed by a wet cleans process to remove the remaining organic residues. An effective process with very high particle removal efficiency (PRE) is desired at this surface cleaning step. A cleans process with lower PRE leaves particles on the wafer surface which create extra pattern defects during the immersion lithography. The kill ratio of extra pattern defects being very close to 1, almost a die is affected for presence of a single defect. A 2x reduction in the extra pattern defects with the application of the new cleaning approach has been observed in this work.
Abstract 347: Developing a novel immunotoxin that targets cells overexpressing ErbB2

Immunotoxins are chimeric proteins comprising a specific cellular targeting domain linked to a cytotoxic factor. Here we describe the design and use of a novel, peptide-based immunotoxin that can initiate selective cytotoxicity on ErbB2-positive cells. ErbB2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in the tumor cells of approximately 30% of breast cancer patients. Immunotoxin candidates were designed to incorporate a targeting ligand with affinity for ErbB2 along with a membrane lysin-based toxin domain. The use of a membrane lysin as the toxin domain distinguishes our immunotoxins from numerous others in that internalization of the toxin is not required to induce cell death. One particular peptide candidate, NL1.1-PSA, demonstrated selective cytotoxicity towards ErbB2-overexpressing cell lines. We utilized a bioengineering strategy to show that recombinant NL1.1-PSA immunotoxin expression by Escherichia coli also conferred selective cytotoxicity towards ErbB2-overexpressing cells. Our findings hold significant promise for the use of effective immunotoxins in cancer therapeutics. While Herceptin treatment has been effective in patients with ErbB2 positive breast cancer, our novel immunotoxin may ultimately prove to be a novel and efficacious addition to the arsenal of approaches used to eliminate Herceptin-resistant breast cancer cells. Citation Format: Luqun Shen, Kelsey Weigel, Clayton Thomas, Lauren Drapalik, Zachary T. Schafer, Shaun Lee. Developing a novel immunotoxin that targets cells overexpressing ErbB2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 347.
Hydrogenation of levoglucosenone to renewable chemicals

We have studied the hydrogenation of levoglucosenone (LGO) to dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene), levoglucosanol (Lgol), and tetrahydrofurandimethanol (THFDM) and elucidated the reaction network over supported palladium catalysts. At low temperature (40 °C) over a Pd/Al2O3 catalyst, LGO is selectively hydrogenated to Cyrene. At intermediate temperatures (100 °C) over a Pd/Al2O3 catalyst, Cyrene is selectively hydrogenated to Lgol, with an excess of the exo-Lgol isomer produced over the endo-Lgol isomer. At higher temperatures (150 °C) over a bifunctional Pd/SiO2–Al2O3 catalyst, Lgol is converted to THFDM in 58% selectivity, with 78% overall selectivity to 1,6-hexanediol precursors. The ratio of cis-THFDM relative to trans-THFDM is approximately 2.5, and this ratio is independent of the Lgol feed stereoisomer ratio. Tetrahydropyran-2-methanol-5-ketone (THP2M5one) and tetrahydropyran-2-methanol-5-hydroxyl (THP2M5H) are side-products of Lgol hydrogenolysis, but neither of these species are precursors to THFDM.
Comparison of Results from a Phase 1/2 Study of Lumiliximab (Anti-CD23) in Combination with FCR for Patients with Relapsed CLL with Published FCR Results.

Abstract Lumiliximab is a PRIMATIZED® anti-CD23 monoclonal antibody with human IgG1 constant regions and macaque variable regions. Preclinical data demonstrated that lumiliximab enhanced both fludarabine- and rituximab- mediated apoptosis in CLL cells. Thus, a Phase 1/2, open-label, dose-escalation, multicenter study (Study 152–30) evaluating lumiliximab + fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (L + FCR) for relapsed CD23+ B-cell CLL was initiated. Treatment has been completed and follow-up is ongoing. Thirty-one patients (pts) received either 375 mg/m2 (n=3) or 500 mg/m2 (n=28) of lumiliximab in combination with a 28-day cycle of FCR for up to 6 cycles. Median age at study entry was 58 yrs. The majority of pts (74%) were Rai Stage I/II. The most common adverse events included nausea (77%), pyrexia (61%), chills (55%), neutropenia (55%), and fatigue (48%). Twenty pts (65%) experienced a Grade 3 or 4 event. An overall response rate of 71% was demonstrated: 48% complete response (CR), 10% partial response (PR), and 13% unconfirmed PR. Currently, baseline cytogenetic data is available for 21 pts who received 500 mg/m2 of lumiliximab. Although preliminary, 1 of the 4 pts with del(17p13.1) responded; of the 6 pts with del(11q22.3), 5 responded with 4 attaining a CR. A comparison with published data from a study of FCR alone in 177 pts with relapsed or refractory CLL conducted at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) (Wierda W, O'Brien S, Wen S, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2005; 23:4070–4078) demonstrated that L + FCR has an acceptable safety profile, does not appear to increase the toxicity (including myelosuppression) of the FCR regimen, and compares favorably with the CR rate of the FCR regimen alone, as displayed in Table 1. Most pt characteristics (age, gender, median number of prior therapies, and WHO performance status) were similar between the 2 studies; however, more pts in the MDACC study were Rai Stage III-IV (50% vs 22%) and were rituximab-naive (88% vs 40%). Furthermore, there were no obvious differences in hematologic toxicity between the 2 studies and the tolerability of L + FCR was similar to that of FCR, with approximately 50% percent of pts completing 6 cycles of treatment in both studies. These data suggest that L + FCR may produce a higher complete response rate than FCR without additional toxicity. Based upon this data, a multicenter, global, randomized study of L + FCR vs. FCR alone is being initiated. Table 1 . Comparison of Responses in Study 152–30 and the MDACC Study Study 152–30, L + FCR (N=31), n (%) MDACC, FCR (N =177), n (%) Overall Response 22 (71%) 130 (73%) Complete Response 1 15 (48%) 45 (25%) Partial Response 1 3 (10%) 85 (48%) Unconfirmed Partial Response 2 4 (13%) 1 CR and PR response criteria were the same in both studies. 2 PRu is included in the OR.
Ageism in the courtroom: mock juror perceptions of elder neglect

ABSTRACTThe present study explored ageism in a civil court context. In two experiments, male and female undergraduates (Experiment 1; N = 215) and community members (Experiment 2; N = 203) read an institutional elder neglect trial summary in which a nursing home was sued for failure to provide the necessary care for an elderly female resident. The trial varied as to who provided witness testimony: the live victim, a recorded deposition from the victim, the victim’s middle-aged niece (Experiments 1, 2), the victim’s elderly floor-mate (Experiment 1), or no testimony was provided (Experiment 2). Across both experiments, higher ageism was negatively associated with pro-victim ratings (e.g. victim memory). Ageism indirectly decreased the likelihood of ruling for the plaintiff through ratings of sympathy for the victim and victim memory (Experiment 1), and defendant responsibility (Experiment 2). Trial ratings did not differ based on whether victim testimony was presented live or via recorded deposition (Exper...
Dynamic modeling of trust in human-machine interactions

In an increasingly automated world, trust between humans and autonomous systems is critical for successful integration of these systems into our daily lives. In particular, for autonomous systems to work cooperatively with humans, they must be able to sense and respond to the trust of the human. This inherently requires a control-oriented model of dynamic human trust behavior. In this paper, we describe a gray-box modeling approach for a linear third-order model that captures the dynamic variations of human trust in an obstacle detection sensor. The model is parameterized based on data collected from 581 human subjects, and the goodness of fit is approximately 80% for a general population. We also discuss the effect of demographics, such as national culture and gender, on trust behavior by re-parameterizing our model for subpopulations of data. These demographic-based models can be used to help autonomous systems further predict variations in human trust dynamics.
Modular Study of the Type III Effector Repertoire in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Reveals a Matrix of Effector Interplay in Pathogenesis

Summary The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 suppresses the two-tiered innate immune system of Nicotiana benthamiana and other plants by injecting a complex repertoire of type III secretion effector (T3E) proteins. Effectorless polymutant DC3000D36E was used with a modularized system for native delivery of the 29 DC3000 T3Es singly and in pairs. Assays of the performance of this T3E library in N. benthamiana leaves revealed a matrix of T3E interplay, with six T3Es eliciting death and eight others variously suppressing the death activity of the six. The T3E library was also interrogated for effects on DC3000D36E elicitation of a reactive oxygen species burst, for growth in planta, and for T3Es that reversed these effects. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Agrobacterium tumefaciens heterologous delivery systems yielded notably different sets of death-T3Es. The DC3000D36E T3E library system highlights the importance of 13 T3Es and their interplay in interactions with N. benthamiana.
Constructing Long-Only Multifactor Strategies: Portfolio Blending vs. Signal Blending

Long-only multifactor strategies may be constructed by combining individual-factor portfolios (portfolio blending) or by combining individual-factor signals into a composite signal to construct the...
Saintly Cretins and Ugly Buglys: Laughing at Victorian Disability in Hunderby

Neo-Victorianism is not a genre which is usually associated with comedy, as the various social power inequalities of the nineteenth century are hardly a laughing matter. However, to what extent can neo-Victorian comedy be used as a political strategy to challenge Victorian attitudes towards disability, as well as critiquing our own contemporary prejudices? This chapter explores the representation of disability in the neo-Victorian television sitcom Hunderby (2012–2015). I argue that Hunderby’s depiction of two stereotypes of Victorian disability—the freak show, and the “cripple”—both reiterates and critiques ableist assumptions about desire and pity in relation to bodily diversity. The series pokes fun at the “seriousness” of neo-Victorian representations of the nineteenth century, but ultimately Hunderby tells us more about contemporary anxieties about disability than providing a meaningful challenge to Victorian ideologies of bodily difference.