cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peace Probes and the Bombing Pause: Hungarian and Polish Diplomacy During the Vietnam War, December 1965-January 1966

Archival materials from Budapest and Warsaw have shed valuable light on the role that Hungary and Poland played as intermediaries between Washington and Hanoi during the 37-day pause in the U.S. bombing campaign against North Vietnam in December 1965–January 1966. It is now possible to trace contacts between the East European countries and Hanoi and to see how the Hungarian and Polish governments coordinated their diplomatic activities with the Soviet Union. Although the new evidence does not reveal any “missed opportunities” in early 1966 for the opening of direct peace negotiations between Washington and Hanoi, it does cast doubt on the way that former U.S. officials and most historians have interpreted these events. Up to now, almost all accounts have dismissed Hungary's and Poland's efforts as insincere and deceptive, and some observers have even questioned whether the two countries were genuinely in contact with North Vietnamese leaders. The documentary evidence leaves many questions unanswered, but ...
Characterization of leukotriene production in vivo and in vitro in resident and elicited peritoneal macrophages in chickens and mice

Abstract Previously, we reported differences in arachidonic acid metabolism in elicited chicken peritoneal macrophages when compared with murine resident and elicited peritoneal macrophages. 1 We now describe leukotriene (LT) production in the same systems, using resident (murine) and inflammatory macrophages (from both species). Inflammatory (4- or 42-h Sephadex-elicited) peritoneal macrophages from chickens lacked the capacity to produce LT in vivo (following opsonized zymosan [OZ] stimulation) or in vitro, in response to A23187. In addition, chicken macrophages were unable to metabolize exogenously added LTC 4 or LTD 4 in vitro. In contrast, resident murine peritoneal macrophages produced measurable quantities of LTs (in vivo) within 5 min with an 8-fold increase after 45 min. LTC 4 was effectively converted to LTE 4 in vivo in a time-dependent manner (65% LTC 4 /35% LTE 4 after 5 min stimulation with OZ and 6% LTC 4 /94% LTE 4 after 60 min stimulation), but not in vitro. The lack of LTC 4 metabolism to LTE 4 in vitro could not be explained by cell-cell interaction between adherent and nonadherent cells. LTD 4 was not detected under any experimental condition. Murine peritoneal cells incubated with LTD 4 (with or without agonist) produced LTE 4 in a time-dependent fashion. Addition of l -cysteine (a dipeptidase inhibitor) did not explain the lack of detectable levels of LTD 4 following intraperitoneal stimulation with OZ. These results suggest that elicited chicken peritoneal macrophages are incapable of producing LTs compared to murine peritoneal macrophages. In addition, these studies fail to explain the different product profiles associated with in vivo stimulation of murine peritoneal macrophages as compared to in vitro stimulation.
An EBNA-negative, EBV-genome-positive human lymphoblast cell line in which superinfecting EBV DNA is not maintained

Abstract A human B-lymphoid cell line, designated TG8, which does not express detectable levels of the EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA), yet carries an average of one to two plasmid copies of the P3HR-1 EBV genome has been identified. TG8 can be superinfected by B95-8 EBV, resulting in up to 60–70% of the population becoming EBNA-positive and 20–30% of the incoming EBV genomes becoming circular by 48 hr postinfection. Neither EBNA expression nor the superinfecting viral DNA is maintained in the population. It is concluded that (1) superinfection of this EBV-genome-positive lymphoblast cell line leads to detectable EBNA expression and circularization of the incoming viral genome and (2) the incoming viral genome and detectable EBNA expression are selectively lost, whereas the endogenous viral plasmid DNA is maintained.
Transfer‐curve assessment of oxide thin‐film transistors

— Oxide electronics is an emerging area that is well positioned to strongly and positively impact next-generation display technology. A metal-oxide thin-film transistor (TFT) is the fundamental component of oxide electronics. Unfortunately, some of the claims made in the literature about the performance of oxide TFTs are, in this author's opinion, unreliable. This is true of turn-on voltage, subthreshold swing, and, especially, channel mobility. Measurement artifacts can lead to unreliable performance estimates. The goal of this contribution is to enumerate some of these artifacts and to outline a general testing procedure for avoiding common oxide-TFT assessment pitfalls.
The effects of documentation on young children’s memory

Abstract A central aspect of the Reggio approach to early childhood education is documentation, in which educators observe, record, and display children’s work. Educational anecdotes and developmental theory suggest that documentation may facilitate children’s memory; the current study explored this possibility empirically. Sixty-three preschool/kindergarten children experienced a novel learning event. Two days later, children were reminded with either documentation or worksheets of event details and the factual information that had been presented, or they were not reminded. Three weeks later, children completed a memory interview that included episodic and semantic measures. Children in the documentation and worksheet conditions remembered more factual information than those in the no-reminder condition. Children in the documentation condition produced more on-topic speech than those in the worksheet condition during reminding and a subsequent learning session. Potential benefits of documentation for classroom performance are discussed.
The erosion of planetary and satellite atmospheres by energetic atomic particles

Analytic expressions are presented which may be used to compute the sputter-erosion yield from any unimolecular gravitationally bound gas by any atomic charged particle of any energy. A calculation of solar wind proton and alpha particle induced erosion of the CO2 atmosphere of Mars predicts molecular sputtering yields. An expression for the emission yield of energetic molecular fragments produced in primary knock-on events is given in closed form; such fragment emission is of secondary importance for mass loss compared to the molecular yield itself. Erosion by radiation belt protons of a hypothetical thin O2 atmosphere associated with the Jovian satellite Ganymede is considered, and molecular sputtering yields for proton energies are determined.
Mental multiplication: Nothing but the facts?

Current models of adult arithmetic performance assume that representation includes only facts and procedures. However, other kinds of representations such as an analog scale or sets of number multiples might be useful in a variety of multiplication-related tasks. Introducing the practice transfer paradigm, we demonstrate that associations between distinct representational structures can be detected via cross-task transfer, provided that initial performance is retrieval based. Results support the predictions of the integrated-structures model of multiplication knowledge. Implications for well-established item differences such as the problem-size effect are addressed, and the question of how integration occurs is considered.
Case Study-Design and Testing of the Brunswick Graphite Composite Ring-Stiffened Thermoset Cylinder:

This paper discusses the design development of a four-foot (1.22 m) diameter graphite/epoxy composite cylindrical marine model. The cylinder was fabricated by Brunswick using an automated filament winding process and was nonautoclave cured in an oven. The paper reviews the details of the design/analysis approach and the assumed failure criteria using 2D solid axisymmetric finite element analyses with the ABAQUS code. Numerous design iterations were made to achieve a balanced design. The model is composed of 50% circumferential, 33% longitudinal, and 17% helical plies, and the ring (blade) stiffener is composed of all circumferential plies. This paper also reviews the assumed material properties used for the design and analysis, and the "asfabricated" material properties used to predict failure of the cylinder due to hydrostatic loading. The final design achieved a weight savings of 44% over an equivalent steel-stiffened cylinder. The cylindrical model was then subjected to a hydrostatic collapse test. A c...
Paleoclimate and polar wander

Abstract Fossil faunas, floras and 18 O temperatures indicate that weak or no meridional temperature gradients existed over the continents from Triassic to Eocene. For much of this time tropical Pacific 18 O temperatures were some ten degrees colder than at present while arctic and antarctic regions apparently enjoyed warm temperate to semitropical climates. Polar wander involving displacement of the poles to what are now tropical marine latitudes is offered to explain this uniformly warm paleoclimate. This hypothesis is supported by a theoretical model which is discussed.
Effect of Nitrogen Concentration on Capacitance, Density of States, Electronic Conductivity, and Morphology of N-Doped Carbon Nanotube Electrodes

Heteroatom doping (e.g., boron and nitrogen) of graphitic carbon lattices affects various physicochemical properties of sp2 carbon materials. The influence of nitrogen doping in carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) on their electrochemical and electrical properties such as the differential capacitance, density of states at the Fermi level (D(EF)), bulk conductivity, and work function is presented. Studies were performed on free-standing N-CNTs electrode mats to understand the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the material without relying on the secondary influence of another conductive support. N-Doping levels ranging from 0 to 7.4 atom % N were examined, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the differential capacitance and to estimate the effective density of states, D(EF). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman microscopy were used to assess the compositional and structural properties as a function of nitrogen doping. XPS N1s spectra show three principle types of ni...
Five easy but effective assessment methods

Assessment of ABET/CAC accredited programs can become a burdensome task that generates lots of paper, takes hours of faculty time, and produces little in the way of meaningful results that can be used as a basis for improving a program. The result is often lack of active participation by faculty and an increase in negative attitudes that tend to further erode assessment effectiveness. This is a serious problem at small schools that cannot afford the luxury of full time assessment personnel and are totally dependent on faculty for the assessment process. This paper presents five assessment methods that require a minimum of paper-work and faculty time but are nevertheless effective in presenting an accurate assessment of a program's objectives. The five methods presented are: 1. the Assessment Day concept; 2. personal class assessment; 3. sampled student work; 4. faculty interview groups; and 5. student focus groups.
The Politics of “Drive-Through Deliveries”: Putting Early Postpartum Discharge on the Legislative Agenda

Since May 25, 1995, twenty-nine states have adopted “early discharge” legislation or comparable regulations, mandating insurers to cover minimum postpartum hospital stays. The topic of early discharge moved onto the agenda with notable speed, despite a lack of empirical evidence to support either those insurers who reduced the postpartum length of stay for mothers and babies or the new statutes that protected their right to longer stays. The new laws' simplicity and low cost as unfunded mandates accounted for much of their appeal, as did the symbolic power of the issue to doctors and patients, frustrated by managed care. Emotional constituent anecdotes, unsupported by definitive research findings, also influenced legislators.
CD45-Positive Cells of the Retina and Their Responsiveness to In Vivo and In Vitro Treatment with IFN-γ or Anti-CD40

Purpose The ability to mount antigen-specific immune reactions in the retina demonstrates local recognition of retinal antigens. However, properties of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the retina are uncertain. The current study was undertaken to look for evidence of CD45(+) cells with APC potential in the retina and to examine their in situ and in vitro responses to IFN-gamma and anti-CD40, two stimuli known to upregulate activities associated with antigen presentation. Methods Mice were pretreated with systemic or intracameral (IC) inoculations of IFN-gamma or anti-CD40. Retinas were harvested, enzymatically dissociated, positively selected with anti-CD45, and analyzed by flow cytometry with antibodies known to identify APCs. Results The most common CD45(+) retinal cells were CD11b(+), F4/80(+), CD8 alpha(+), CD80(+), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II(lo), a phenotype characteristic of central nervous system (CNS) microglia (MG). There was also a small population of DEC-205(+) cells and a smaller number of CD11c(+) cells, both markers of dendritic cells (DCs). IC inoculation of IFN-gamma led to an increase in the number of CD45(+) cells and a modest upregulation of MHC class II on CD11b(+) cells. IC inoculation of anti-CD40 also increased the total number of CD45(+) cells and the number of CD11b(+) cells, but increases in CD80 and MHC class II expression on CD11b(+) cells were insignificant. After anti-CD40 treatment, CD45(hi)11c(+) cells increased in number and altered their expression of CD11b. Conclusions Retinal MG were readily identified as the most numerous population. A small population of cells with perivascular cell (PVC)-like properties was found. They were CD45(hi)11c(+), some had elevated MHC class II, and they were affected by anti-CD40 treatment in vivo. No conventional DCs were found, although there was a distinct DEC-205(+) population. Overall, the effects of IFN-gamma and anti-CD40 treatment were attenuated in the retina in vivo and also on CD45(+) cells in culture, compared with the control.
The genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis

The association of HLA-DR4 or other HLA-DRB1 alleles excoding the shared (or rheumatoid) epitope has now been established in nearly every population. Similarly, the fact that the presence and gene dosage of HLA-DRB1 alleles affect the course and outcome of rheumatoid arthritis has likewise been seen in most (although not all) studies. Family studies are making it increasingly clear that other genes are involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, both within and outside of the major histocompatibility complex, and much work is ongoing to help identify them and their impact on the disease. This article reviews where we stand in the knowledge of HLA and other genes and their associations with predisposition to and outcome in rheumatoid arthritis.
Copper(I) complexes of bithiazoles

Several new copper(I) complexes of a group of bidentate bithiazole ligands have been isolated. The compounds prepared are bis(2,2′-dimethyl-4,4′-bithiazole)copper(I) perchlorate ([Cu(me-b)2]ClO4), bis(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bithiazole)copper(I) perchlorate ([Cu(me-i)2]ClO4), bis(2,2′-diphenyl-4,4′-bithiazole) copper(I) perchlorate ([Cu(ph-b)2]ClO4), bis(4,4′-diphenyl-2,2′-bithiazole)copper(I) perchlorate ([Cu(ph-i)2]ClO4), bis(4,4′,5,5′-tetraphenyl-2,2′-bithiazole)-copper(I) perchlorate ([Cu(ph4-i)2]ClO4, bis(2,2′-bithiazole)copper(l) perchlorate ([Cu(i)2]CIO4), 2,2′-bithiazolecopper(I) perchlorate ([Cu(i)ClO4), (2,2′-bithiazole)bis(triphenylphosphinesulfide)copper(I) perchlorate ([Cu(i)(SPph3)2]ClO4,(2,2′-bithiazole)bis-( triphenylphosphine)copper(I) perchlorate ([Cu(i)(Pph3)2]ClO4), and (4,4′-bithiazole)bis(triphenylphosphine) copper(I) perchlorate ([Cu(b)(Pph3)2]ClO4). Several synthetic techniques were required including one developed in this work which involved the conversion of [Cu(Pph3)4]ClO4 into the t...
Repair of DNA Single- and Double-strand Breaks in Proliferating and Quiescent Murine Tumor Cells

We evaluated the relationship between the repair of DNA single- and double-strand breaks and cellular radiosensitivity in proliferating vs. quiescent cells of the mouse mammary tumor lines 66 and 67 in vitro, using the technique of filter elution at pH 12.2, pH 7.2 and pH 9.6. In these lines, quiescent (Q; unfed plateau-phase) cells are more radiosensitive than are proliferating (P) cells. At doses of 4-6 Gy, both 66 and 67 Q cells repair single-strand breaks (ssb) with kinetics similar to those of P cells. However, repair of ssb was slightly retarded in Q cells at a higher dose (10 Gy) than at the lower doses. In contrast, repair of ssb in P cells was dose-independent, at least for doses up to 10 Gy. The rate of repair of DNA double-strand breaks (dsb), measured at pH 7.2, was dose-independent in P and Q cells of both lines. The repair kinetics were biphasic, with an initial half-time less than 15 min, and the early phase was similar in all cell groups. The half-time for repair in the slow phase ranged from about 2 to greater than 20 h. The fraction of damage repaired by the slow phase was relatively high in all cell groups (40-70 per cent). In line 66, P cells repaired a higher percentage of dsb by 2 h postirradiation than did Q cells. The opposite was observed in line 67: Q cells repaired more dsb in 2 h than did P cells. The survival of 66 St4 cells (Q cultures which have been refed with complete medium and incubated 4 h) was significantly greater than that of 66 Q; nevertheless St4 cells repaired both ssb and dsb at rates similar to those of Q cells. Therefore, survival does not necessarily correlate with the rates of either ssb or dsb repair among these cell lines in different growth states.
Can Existing High-Transverse-Momentum Hadron Experiments Be Interpreted by Contemporary Quantum Chromodynamics Ideas?

It is shown that if in a calculation of high--transverse-momentum mesons production in hadron-hadron collisions one includes not only the scale-breaking effects that might be expected from asymptotically free theories but also the effects due to the transverse momentum of quarks in hadrons,then the results are not inconsistent with the single-particle cross-section data.
“H-type” urethroanal fistula

Abstract Stephens and Smith have recently described a urethroanal connection through which urine was passed preferentially into the otherwise normal rectum at the pectinate line. 1 Other authors 2,3 have reported similar deformities. The term "congenital ‘H-type' anourethral fistula" was proposed for this rare anomaly by deVries and Friedland in 1974. 4 In this communication, we describe two examples of the "H-type" urethroanal fistula (Fig. 1). Each patient also had a tracheoesophageal fistula. One patient (R.P.), now 11 yr of age, has had successful correction of the anomaly. The other patient (T.McC.), a small premature baby whose uroanal deformity was investigated radiographically, died of sepsis and uremia. The anatomical relationships in this baby were investigated histologically in the autopsy specimen by means of serial sections. From this study, it has been possible to determine the sphincteric anatomy and to suggest a possible pathoembryology of the defect.
Real-time CNC interpolators for Pythagorean-hodograph curves

Abstract CNC machining requires “interpolation” algorithms that accurately and efficiently generate sequences of reference positions, distributed according to a prescribed feedrate function, along the tool paths. CNC interpolators have traditionally accommodated only linear and circular trajectories, on account of the absence of easily-calculable relations between the arc length s and parameter ξ for free-form parametric curves. With the Pythagorean-hodograph (PH) curves, however, the fact that s ( ξ ) is merely a polynomial function facilitates an analytic reduction of the interpolation problem to the solution of a sequence of monotone polynomial equations. A few Newton-Raphson iterations usually suffice to compute the reference points corresponding to the unique roots of these equations to high precision, allowing “real-time” execution. We present detailed formulations and analyses for instances where the feedrate V is specified as a constant, linear, or quadratic function of the arc length s . We also consider the case in which V is stipulated to be inversely proportional to the local curvature κ, and we discuss methods for direct interpolation of the offsets to PH curves.
Performance comparison of high-order IFLF and cascade analogue integrated lowpass filters

The magnitude and delay performance of integrated continuous-time gm–C lowpass filters is discussed. The analysis is based on tenth-order filters with equiripple group delay, implemented in CMOS fully differential form as inverse-follow-the-leader feedback (IFLF) and cascade topologies. A very-high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is used as the basic building block. The sensitivity performance is assessed by simulating IFLF and cascade filters with 27 real CMOS models released from MOSIS. Experimental and simulation results show that the passband magnitude sensitivity of the cascade filter is larger than that of the IFLF filter. In the stopband, the opposite is true. The results demonstrate that the group delay performance, on the other hand, is worse in the IFLF filter than in the cascade filter.
Use of sublingual tacrolimus in lung transplant recipients

Background In lung transplant recipients (LTRs), tacrolimus is often utilized as a core component of immunosuppressive regimens. Although tacrolimus can be delivered orally or intravenously, oral tacrolimus is associated with fewer adverse effects. Various reports have suggested that sublingual tacrolimus may be used as an alternative to oral tacrolimus; however, information regarding converting between routes is limited. We aimed to identify a dose conversion ratio between oral and sublingual tacrolimus in LTRs. Methods We identified adult LTRs at the University of California, San Francisco, who transitioned between oral and sublingual tacrolimus between 2005 and 2010 ( n = 34). For tacrolimus, we obtained steady-state blood concentrations and total daily doses before and after the route conversion. Blood concentrations divided by daily doses were calculated for each route. The conversion ratio was then defined as: (blood concentration sublingual /daily dose sublingual )/(blood concentration oral /daily dose oral ). This ratio was tested in inpatient vs outpatient settings and in the presence of impaired gastric emptying. Adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and anaphylaxis, were evaluated. Results The conversion ratio of sublingual to oral tacrolimus was 0.46 ± 0.20 (mean ± SD). The ratio was not associated with hospital setting ( p = 0.82) or with impaired gastric emptying ( p = 0.31). When comparing sublingual to oral tacrolimus administration, there were no differences in serum creatinine, liver function tests or anaphylaxis. Conclusions Tacrolimus administered sublingually at approximately half of the oral dose achieves therapeutic blood concentrations and is safe in LTRs. Delivery via the sublingual route using this conversion ratio may aid clinicians in maintaining therapeutic tacrolimus blood concentrations while avoiding the need for intravenous administration.
Periodic limb movement disorder in children

Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) has been reported in children and is more prevalent in certain conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Group has recently developed the criteria for diagnosis of PLMD in children. These criteria include both specific clinical features and polysomnographic findings. Exclusion of other causes especially sleep-disordered breathing is essential. Several medications including benzodiazepine and dopaminergic medication have been used in children, although these medications have not been adequately studied in this age group. Some PLMD children have evidence of low iron storage and response favorably to iron therapy.
Political correlates of violent death rates in the U.S., 1900–2010: Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses

Abstract Objectives Our goal was to identify if there might be associations between a major public health problem, i.e., violent deaths, and a potential macro-level determinant, i.e., political party in office. Methods Vital statistics, labor statistics, and GDP data were obtained for the years 1900–2010. Independent t tests were used to compare homicide, suicide, and total violent death rates during Republican and Democratic administrations and between states voting for Republican and Democratic presidential candidates. Correlation and hidden Markov modeling were used to assess the relationships among party of the president and changes in unemployment rate, GDP, and violent death. Results The party of the president was significantly associated with annual changes in suicide and homicide rates, unemployment rates, and GDP (p Conclusions Violent deaths were associated with an increase under Republican presidents and a decrease under Democratic presidents, were higher in states that vote for the Republican than for the Democratic presidential candidates, and increased alongside increasing unemployment and falling national GDP. As with heart disease, obesity and cancer, identified associations with environmental factors can increase understanding of the public health problem and point to ways of reducing it. Future research beyond the boundaries of the United States could help elucidate the relationship between government, socioeconomic policy orientation, and violent death rates.
Quantitative variation induced by gamma rays and fast neutrons in Arabidopsis thaliana

To test the effectiveness of radiations which differ in linear energy transfer (LET) for the induction of quantitative variation, dry seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Cruciferae) were exposed to varying doses of cobalt-60 gamma rays and fast neutrons. Flowering time was delayed for all neutron treatments in the M 2 generation, but only at the highest gamma-ray dose level, 150 kR. Tests for increased variance in the M 2 generation due to irradiation were significant at each dose level of gamma-ray and fast-neutron treatment. Fast neutrons were found to be more efficient than gamma rays for induction of genetic variance. This induced variance increased linearly with dose in the case of fast neutrons, implying that these quantitatively inherited variations arose primarily from chromosomal alterations, rather than ‘point’ mutations. The absence of a similar dose-response relationship for gamma rays is attributed in part to lack of enhancement of this radiation's effect due to reduced availability of oxygen immediately following irradiation in these experiments.
Photochemistry of 1-benzoyl-2,2-dialkylcyclopropanes. Importance of conformational effects on biradical lifetimes

Abstract Conformationally locked 1,4-biradicals generated in the Norrish type II reaction of 1-benzoyl-2,2-diethylcyclopropane have lifetimes of 22±4 ns. This lifetime is much shorter than those observed for conformationally mobile biradicals; the difference is attributed to increased end-to-end interaction.
Neonatal herpes simplex infection in the absence of mucocutaneous lesions.

Six infants with disseminated HSV had no mucocutaneous lesions at any time during the course of the illness. These infants presented with lethargy, poor feeding, apnea, acidosis, and hepatomegaly. The diagnosis of HSV was made by culturing the infant's oropharynx and blood, and the maternal cervix. Eight infants with HSV encephalitis had no skin, eye, or mucous membrane lesions. These infants presented with lethargy and low-grade fever, followed within 24 hours by the onset of focal partial motor seizures. The seizures were refractory to anticonvulsant therapy. The mean CSF white cell count was 131 cells/mm 3 ; the glucose and protein concentrations were in the normal range. Brain biopsy was required for the early diagnosis of HSV encephalitis. These 14 cases represented 70% (14/20) of all infants with neonatal HSV diagnosed during the study period. HSV infection should be considered in infants with no mucocutaneous lesions who have signs usually associated with bacterial sepsis or who develop focal seizures during the first three weeks of life.
PREY CAPTURE AND FACTORS CONTROLLING TRAP NARROWING IN DIONAEA (DROSERACEAE)

Traps of Dionaea which have captured prey by a rapid closure mechanism continue to close with the lobes of the trap assuming a tightly appressed condition called the narrowed phase. Traps fed ants, which make up about one-third of the prey captured in the field, assumed the narrowed condition within about 7 h of feeding. Ants were alive and capable of delivering mechanical stimulation to the trigger hairs until about 8 h after feeding when they were apparently killed by acid fluid (pH 2-3) secreted by the trap at that time. That stimulation of trigger hairs delivered by the insect during this period is sufficient to cause both the narrowing and acid secretion was demonstrated by laboratory experiments in which both of these responses were initiated within 5 h by stroking the trigger hairs with clean, dry nylon bristles. Such purely mechanical stimuli, delivered to the trigger hairs, produced action potentials in the trap throughout the period of stimulation. Chemicals such as Na+, NH4', urea, and amino acids were capable of producing the narrowing response within one or two days. There was a 50% response to NaCl and NH4Cl solutions of about 6 mm and a 90%, response to 34 mm solutions. Urea, L-lysine, and glycine produce a significant response at 50 mm but can cause necrosis of the trap tissue at concentrations above 50 mM. Salt-free ovalbumen (0.5 and 5.0 g/l) and KCl, CaCl2, and D-glucose were ineffective in initiating the narrowing response. The level of Na+, NH,', and amino acids necessary to elicit the narrowing response is within the range of concentrations previously demonstrated to exist in the haemolymph and tissues of prey known to be captured by Dionaea in the field. The data is consistent with the hypothesis that narrowing and secretion are initiated by mechanical stimulation and maintained by chemical stimulation after the death of the prey. ALTHOUGH the capture of prey by Dionaea is described and illustrated in most general biology textbooks, there exist only scattered, incomplete
Theoretical study of charge transfer in He++H2 collisions in the milli-electron-volt regime.

A theoretical investigation of charge transfer in ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$+${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ collisions in the ultralow-energy regime (meV) has been conducted. Molecular states have been obtained by using the multiconfiguration self-consistent-field method. The reaction rate constants have been calculated for dissociative and radiative charge-transfer processes. Agreement with the recent measurements of Schauer et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 91, 4593 (1989)] is satisfactory. The present study provides a theoretical rationale for the experimental findings by interpreting the detailed collision dynamics.
Acoustic Characteristics of Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Safety of Blind Pedestrians

Quieter cars, such as electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), may reduce auditory cues used by pedestrians to assess the state of nearby traffic and, as a result, their use may have an adverse impact on pedestrian safety. To document differences in the sound levels of HEVs and internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, the authors measured the sound pressure levels in one-third octave bands of three HEVs and three corresponding ICE vehicles for the following operating conditions: idle, backing up at 5 mph, approaching at a constant speed (6, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mph), accelerating from stop, and slowing from 20 to 10 mph at 3.28 ft/s2. Sound level results comparing the HEVs with the ICE vehicles are presented. In general, HEVs have lower sound levels than ICE vehicles for operating conditions below 20 mph; but above 20 mph, the sound from road-tire interactions dominates and the sound levels of the two vehicle types converge.
Technical State of Basic Equipment of Substations and Overhead Transmission Lines and Measures for Raising Their Reliability

A brief description of the state of basic equipment employed in 110 – 750-kV power networks is presented. Problems arising in operation of this equipment are outlined and recommendations on improving its reliability are made. Transformer equipment, high-voltage circuit breakers, disconnectors, measuring transformers, nonlinear overvoltage suppressors, and transmission lines are considered.
Removal of a Broken Cannulated Intramedullary Nail: Review of the Literature and a Case Report of a New Technique

Nonunion of long bones fixed with nails may result in implant failure. Removal of a broken intramedullary nail may be a real challenge. Many methods have been described to allow for removal of the broken piece of the nail. In this paper, we are reviewing the different techniques to extract a broken nail, classifying them into different subsets, and describing a new technique that we used to remove a broken tibial nail with narrow canal. Eight different categories of implant removal methods were described, with different methods within each category. This classification is very comprehensive and was never described before. We described a new technique (hook captured in the medulla by flexible nail introduced from the locking hole) which is a valuable technique in cases of nail of a small diameter where other methods cannot be used because of the narrow canal of the nail. Our eight categories for broken nail removal methods simplify the concepts of nail removal and allow the surgeon to better plan for the removal procedure.
GPU-accelerated Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations of Lennard-Jonesium

Abstract This work describes an implementation of canonical and Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations on graphics processing units (GPUs). The pair-wise energy calculations, which consume the majority of the computational effort, are parallelized using the energetic decomposition algorithm. While energetic decomposition is relatively inefficient for traditional CPU-bound codes, the algorithm is ideally suited to the architecture of the GPU. The performance of the CPU and GPU codes are assessed for a variety of CPU and GPU combinations for systems containing between 512 and 131,072 particles. For a system of 131,072 particles, the GPU-enabled canonical and Gibbs ensemble codes were 10.3 and 29.1 times faster (GTX 480 GPU vs. i5-2500K CPU), respectively, than an optimized serial CPU-bound code. Due to overhead from memory transfers from system RAM to the GPU, the CPU code was slightly faster than the GPU code for simulations containing less than 600 particles. The critical temperature T c ∗ = 1.312 ( 2 ) and density ρ c ∗ = 0.316 ( 3 ) were determined for the tail corrected Lennard-Jones potential from simulations of 10,000 particle systems, and found to be in exact agreement with prior mixed field finite-size scaling calculations [J.J. Potoff, A.Z. Panagiotopoulos, J. Chem. Phys. 109 (1998) 10914].
Measurement of the Human Magnetic Heart Vector

A unipositional lead system has been developed to record the human magnetic heart vector and to permit comparison with the electric heart vector recorded with a conventional Frank lead system. Recordings made in five normal subjects showed a remarkably consistent relation between the electric and magnetic heart vectors. However, the angle between electric heart vector R and T waves was markedly different from the magnetic heart vector R-T angle. In addition, recordings made in two patients with bundle branch block showed a different relation between the electric and magnetic heart vectors compared to normal subjects. These data support the hypothesis that magnetic measurements have a different sensitivity to some components of cardiac activation compared with body surface potential measurements.
Spectrophotometric determination of indium with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol

Summary A spectrophotometric method for a rapid determination of indium and simultaneous determination of indium and iron with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol is described.
Morphometric features as tribal predictors in North-Western Amazonia

SummaryMultivariate analyses of variance were carried out on stature and weight of 50 adults (25 males, 25 females) from each of two linguistically distinct groups, Maku and Tukanoan, living sympatrically in north-western Amazonia. Results showed significant intertribal differences, with Maku (sylvan hunter-gatherers) being both shorter and lighter than their Tukanoan (riparian fisher-gardeners) conspecifics. Classification with a linear discrimination function achieved 80% accuracy. Stature or weight were equally good predictors of group for men, but for women weight rather than stature was a more powerful predictor. These data offer support for the view that some factor(s) associated with life within the equatorial forest environment appear to select for generally small body physique in humans.
Wide-field fluorescent microscopy and fluorescent imaging flow cytometry on a cell-phone.

Fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry are widely used tools in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. However these devices are in general relatively bulky and costly, making them less effective in the resource limited settings. To potentially address these limitations, we have recently demonstrated the integration of wide-field fluorescent microscopy and imaging flow cytometry tools on cell-phones using compact, light-weight, and cost-effective opto-fluidic attachments. In our flow cytometry design, fluorescently labeled cells are flushed through a microfluidic channel that is positioned above the existing cell-phone camera unit. Battery powered light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are butt-coupled to the side of this microfluidic chip, which effectively acts as a multi-mode slab waveguide, where the excitation light is guided to uniformly excite the fluorescent targets. The cell-phone camera records a time lapse movie of the fluorescent cells flowing through the microfluidic channel, where the digital frames of this movie are processed to count the number of the labeled cells within the target solution of interest. Using a similar opto-fluidic design, we can also image these fluorescently labeled cells in static mode by e.g. sandwiching the fluorescent particles between two glass slides and capturing their fluorescent images using the cell-phone camera, which can achieve a spatial resolution of e.g. ~ 10 μm over a very large field-of-view of ~ 81 mm2. This cell-phone based fluorescent imaging flow cytometry and microscopy platform might be useful especially in resource limited settings, for e.g. counting of CD4+ T cells toward monitoring of HIV+ patients or for detection of water-borne parasites in drinking water.
Distribution of anomalously high K2O volcanic rocks in Arizona: Metasomatism at the Picacho Peak detachment fault

Metasomatized Tertiary lavas with anomalously high K 2 O and low Na 2 O content are distributed within the northwest-trending Miocene extensional terrane of southwestern Arizona. These rocks are common near core-complex–related detachment faults at Picacho Peak and the Harcuvar Mountains and in listric-faulted terrane at the Vulture Mountains. In addition to systematic changes in K 2 O and Na 2 O, the rocks have been enriched in Zr and depleted in MgO. Secondary, introduced minerals include orthoclase, quartz, and calcite. Fine-grained, euhedral orthoclase (var. adularia), from 2 to 10 µm, is the dominant potassium mineral. Metasomatic changes at Picacho Peak are spatially associated with a major detachment fault. Thus, it is interpreted that detachment provided a conduit for hydrothermal fluids that altered the initial chemical composition of the Tertiary volcanics by potassium metasomatism and charged the upper-plate rocks with mineralizing fluids that carried Zr and Ba, along with Au, Ag, and Cu, during detachment 17–18 Ma.
Incorporation of Nonmethyl Branches by Isoprenoid-like Logic: Multiple β-Alkylation Events in the Biosynthesis of Myxovirescin A1

Several polyketide secondary metabolites are predicted to undergo isoprenoid-like beta-alkylations during biosynthesis. One such secondary metabolite is myxovirescin A1, produced by Myxococcus xanthus. Myxovirescin is of special interest in that it appears to undergo two distinct beta-alkylations. Additionally, the myxovirescin biosynthetic gene cluster lacks tandem thiolation domains required in the synthesis of other beta-branched secondary metabolites. To probe the origins of the beta-branches in myxovirescin, we heterologously overexpressed the proteins predicted to be responsible for myxovirescin beta-alkylation and reconstituted their activities in vitro on model substrates. Our results confirm that myxovirescin undergoes two isoprenoid-like beta-alkylations during its biosynthesis, including an unprecedented beta-ethylation. The study of its biosynthesis should shed light on the scope and requirements for isoprenoid-like biosynthetic logic in a polyketide context.
Ion-Bearing Propellers: Alkali Metal Complexes of Tris(2-alkoxyphenyl)amine Ionophores

NMR spectroscopic studies reveal that binding of Na+ by tris(2-methoxyphenyl)amine (3) brings two of these tripod ethers together about the metal ion; the related double-tripod-ether ionophore 1,2-bis[2-(bis(2-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenoxy]ethane (4), in which two triarylamines are covalently attached, binds LiI, LiBPh4, NaI, NaBPh4, and KB(4-ClPh)4. Dynamic NMR puts lower limits on binding free energies of 4 for Na+ (71.8 kJ mol-1) and K+ (66.8 kJ mol-1) ions. X-ray studies of 32·NaBPh4, 4·NaBPh4, 4·NaB(4-ClPh)4, and 4·KB(4-ClPh)4·CH3NO2 show eight-coordinate M+ ions bound between crystallographically independent, homochiral triarylamine tripod ethers in structures reminiscent of alkali metal [2.2.2] cryptates. Complexes crystallize as follows: 32·NaBPh4, monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 4, a = 10.701(3) A, b = 37.593(3) A, c = 13.774(2) A, and β = 98.24(2)°; 4·NaBPh4, triclinic, P1, Z = 2, a = 12.157(1) A, b = 14.811(1) A, c = 15.860(2) A, α = 105.400(8)°, β = 91.594(9)°, and γ = 95.354(8)°; 4·NaB(4-ClPh)4, monoc...
Evaluation of H2RG stability for infrared Earth-observing systems

Although originally developed for astronomical applications, the space qualification and availability of the Teledyne HAWAII detector make it appealing for high-precision Earth-observing systems such as the carbon monoxide correlation radiometer required for GEO-CAPE. In this shot noise-limited application, the signal-to-noise ratio of a co-averaged measurement is driven by the detector's temporal stability. To assess the stability, we operated the H2RG under monitored blackbody illumination. The Teledyne SIDECAR ASIC provided 16-bit digitization and clocking for integration times faster than the frame conversion time. With proper application of reference signals, the co-averaging of hundreds of frames is possible. Integrations of one-quarter of the full well depth can attain precision to the 200 ppm level in the co-averaged result. For integrations above three-quarters the well depth, the precision reaches 111 ppm.
The realizability of tunnel-diode-RC networks

Abstract The necessary and sufficient conditions for the physical realizability of one-port structures obtained by imbedding several nonidentical tunnel diodes (represented by a parallel combination of a positive capacitor and a negative resistor) in a network of positive resistances and positive capacitances are presented in this paper. Some new results concerning ±RC networks are also included, in addition to an alternate simpler derivation of Bello and Kinariwala's results regarding such networks.
Mustard Procedure after Baffes Operation

Abstract Patients in whom Baffes' procedure has been done for palliative treatment of transposition of the great arteries may develop symptom recurrence later in life that deserves further treatment. A modified Mustard procedure is suitable for this purpose; the main difficulty in performing a formal Mustard operation is the proximity of the superior vena cava and of the inferior vena caval graft openings that enable the left pulmonary veins to drain without obstruction into the new atrium. This report deals with a 15-year-old patient in whom a modified Mustard technique was employed as a palliative method.
Partial Characterization of Collagenous and Noncollagenous Basement Membrane Proteins Synthesized by the 14.5-Day Rat Embryo Parietal Yolk Sac In Vitro

Parietal yolk sacs isolated from 14.5-day rat embryos and incubated in vitro with either [14C]proline, [3H]mannose or 3H-labeled amino acid mixture synthesized and secreted basement membrane collagenous and noncollagenous glycoprotein components with relative molecular weights of 350,000 (350K), 220,000 (220K), 185,000 (185K), 175,000 (175K) and 150,000 (150K). The 185K and 175K components appeared to be similar to the pro-α1(IV) and pro-α2(IV) chains, respectively, which have been isolated from other sources. These components were completely susceptible to bacterial collagenase, but were only partially susceptible to α-chymotrypsin digestion. The 350K and 220K components appeared to be similar to subunits of laminin (or PYS A and PYS B, respectively) which have been characterized by others, while the 150K component may be similar to entactin (or PYS C). These components were completely resistant to bacterial collagenase and completely susceptible to α-chymotrypsin digestion. In addition, the basement mem...
A new trematosphaeria from roots of rhizophora racemosa

A new species ofTrematosphaeriaFuck.,T. mangrovisKohlm. sp. nov., is described. The fungus occurred as perthophyte in roots ofRhizophora racemosaMeyer in West Africa (Liberia) and is classified as a marine species. The taxonomical situation of the Ascomycete is discussed and some ecological considerations are given.
HIV‐positive adults' meaning making over time

This chapter examines how HIV-positive adults made sense of their diagnosis. Individuals experienced a perspective transformation or change in worldview, which was found to hold over time. Changes in meaning schemes or individual beliefs and assumptions occurred over time.
Impacts of snowpack emissions on deduced levels of OH and peroxy radicals at Summit, Greenland

Abstract Levels of OH and peroxy radicals in the atmospheric boundary layer at Summit, Greenland, a location surrounded by snow from which HOx radical precursors are known to be emitted, were deduced using steady-state analyses applied to (OH+HO2+CH3O2), (OH+HO2), and OH–HO2 cycling. The results indicate that HOx levels at Summit are significantly increased over those that would result from O3 photolysis alone, as a result of elevated concentrations of HONO, HCHO, H2O2, and other compounds. Estimated midday levels of (HO2+CH3O2) reached 30– 40 pptv during two summer seasons. Calculated OH concentrations averaged between 05:00 and 20:00 (or 21:00) exceeded 4×106 molecules cm−3, comparable to (or higher than) levels expected in the tropical marine boundary layer. These findings imply rapid photochemical cycling within the boundary layer at Summit, as well as in the upper pore spaces of the surface snowpack. The photolysis rate constants and OH levels calculated here imply that gas-phase photochemistry plays a significant role in the budgets of NOx, HCHO, H2O2, HONO, and O3, compounds that are also directly affected by processes within the snowpack.