cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absence of 1,3-metallotropic shifts in M(CO)5 complexes of pyrimidine and 1,3,5-triazine (M=W, Mo, Cr)

Abstract M(CO) 5 L complexes with M=W 0 , Mo 0 and Cr 0 and L=pyrimidine and 1,3,5-triazine were prepared by photochemical generation from the parent M(CO) 6 complexes in acetone. All six complexes are not fluxional among available N-donor sites from room temperature up to ca. 60°C in CDCl 3 , and do not undergo rapid exchange with external excess free ligand. Thus, as in the case of the W(CO) 5 L complexes, a one-bond migration between N sites in a diazine occurs readily for pyridazine (e.g. a 1,2-metallotropic shift has been reported), but two-bond migrations for a 1,3-metallotropic shift is not seen with pyrimidine or triazine, just as the three-bond migration for a 1,4-metallotropic shift was not observed previously for the pyrazine complexes. The decomposition processes of the M(CO) 5 L complexes in CDCl 3 with pyrazines is known to follow the order Cr (minutes lifetime)⪢Mo (several hours)>W (days to weeks duration), but for the pyrimidine and 1,3,5-triazine complexes Cr and W are of comparable stability (stable for 1–2 weeks), and more so than the Mo analogue (stable for about 7–8 h). 1 H NMR data on all six complexes show that protons α to the site of metallation are shifted downfield by 0.27–0.36 ppm compared to the free ligand. The magnitude of Δ δ for the effect of metals on the chemical shift follow the order W>Mo>Cr. The more remote H4 protons of pyrimidine or triazine exhibit the smallest downfield shift upon metallation by the M(CO) 5 moiety. For the Cr(CO) 5 derivative the H4 proton of pyrimidine and H5 of triazine are shifted upfield. The upfield shift effect for the H5, near absence of a net effect for H4 of pyrimidine, and the upfield shift observed for H4 of the triazine complex of the Cr series are attributed mainly to a strong resonance component with dπ back-donation for the Cr derivative, as well as a possible TIP influence on the chemical shift parameter, contributions that are attenuated for the Mo and W complexes with higher energy excited states. No evidence for η 2 -type coordination for these d 6 complexes was obtained in contrast to Ru(II) d 6 chemical relatives which adopt η 2 coordination to pyrimidines.
Experimental field comparison of native and non‐native maple seedlings: natural enemies, ecophysiology, growth and survival

Summary 1 Acer platanoides (Norway maple) is an important non-native invasive canopy tree in North American deciduous forests, where native species diversity and abundance are greatly reduced under its canopy. We conducted a field experiment in North American forests to compare planted seedlings of A. platanoides and Acer saccharum (sugar maple), a widespread, common native that, like A. platanoides, is shade tolerant. Over two growing seasons in three forests we compared multiple components of seedling success: damage from natural enemies, ecophysiology, growth and survival. We reasoned that equal or superior performance by A. platanoides relative to A. saccharum indicates seedling characteristics that support invasiveness, while inferior performance indicates potential barriers to invasion. 2 Acer platanoides seedlings produced more leaves and allocated more biomass to roots, A. saccharum had greater water use efficiency, and the two species exhibited similar photosynthesis and first-season mortality rates. Acer platanoides had greater winter survival and earlier spring leaf emergence, but second-season mortality rates were similar. 3 The success of A. platanoides seedlings was not due to escape from natural enemies, contrary to the enemy release hypothesis. Foliar insect herbivory and disease symptoms were similarly high for both native and non-native, and seedling biomass did not differ. Rather, A. platanoides compared well with A. saccharum because of its equivalent ability to photosynthesize in the low light herb layer, its higher leaf production and greater allocation to roots, and its lower winter mortality coupled with earlier spring emergence. Its only potential barrier to seedling establishment, relative to A. saccharum, was lower water use efficiency, which possibly could hinder its invasion into drier forests. 4 The spread of non-native canopy trees poses an especially serious problem for native forest communities, because canopy trees strongly influence species in all forest layers. Success at reaching the canopy depends on a tree's ecology in previous life-history stages, particularly as a vulnerable seedling, but little is known about seedling characteristics that promote non-native tree invasion. Experimental field comparison with ecologically successful native trees provides insight into why non-native trees succeed as seedlings, which is a necessary stage on their journey into the forest canopy.
Interaction between Neoaplectana carpocapsae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) and Apanteles militaris (Hymenoptera: Bracondiae), a parasitoid of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta

Abstract The DD-136 strain of Neoaplectana carpocapsae adversely affected the development of immature stages of Apanteles militaris , a gregarious internal parasitoid of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta . The adverse effect of the nematode-bacterium complex was indirect, i.e., the infection by the nematode killed the host before A. militaris could complete its development. However, if armyworms containing 10- or 11-day-old A. militaris were exposed to dauer juveniles in Petri dishes, 48.1 and 94.4%, respectively, produced normal cocoons. If hosts containing 9- or 10-day-old A. militaris were fed dauer juveniles, 42.6 and 73.4% of the armyworms, respectively, produced A. militaris which formed normal cocoons. Cocoon-spinning A. militaris larvae were infected by the nematode. After cocoon formation was completed, the dauer juveniles could not penetrate the cocoon and infect the pupa. However, pupae in cocoons which had been deliberately cut open at one end became infected. A. militaris adults were infected when exposed to dauer juveniles in Petri dishes. After 3 days of exposure to dauer juveniles, 25.0, 44.2, and 7.0% of the adults in three trials were alive, whereas 100, 100, and 96.7% of the control adults were alive. Examination of dead adults in the nematode treatment showed that 67.6% contained nematodes. N. carpocapsae developed and reproduced in unparasitized armyworms, in armyworms containing 9-day-old A. militaris , and in those from which A. militaris had emerged. Production of dauer juveniles was significantly higher in unparasitized armyworms and in armyworms containing 9-day-old A. militaris than in those from which A. militaris had emerged.
A New Family of Small Molecules To Probe the Reactivation of Mutant p53

Cells that express mutant p53 derived from cancers are selectively killed by a new class of small organic molecules. The protein p53 is recognized as one of the most important guardians in the body that prevents tumor development. Mutant forms of p53 are present in approximately 50% of all human cancers. Molecules that selectively kill cells expressing mutant p53 could become important chemotherapeutic agents. Our research focuses on developing a synthetically accessible class of molecules that can be easily modified to examine structural activity relationships and mechanism of biological activity or to optimize for anticancer activity. In this communication, a new class of molecules that selectively arrests growth of cells expressing two forms of mutant p53 is described. Synthetic routes to these compounds are also presented.
Improved survival after resection of liver and lung colorectal metastases compared with liver-only metastases: A study of 112 patients with limited lung metastatic disease

Background Lung metastases are considered a poor prognostic factor in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases. Study Design We reviewed records of 1,260 consecutive patients with liver-only or liver-plus-lung (L+L) metastases from colorectal cancer who underwent resection with curative intent (1995 to 2009). Survival and prognostic factors were analyzed. Results There were 112 patients who underwent resection of L+L (mean 2 liver, 2 lung metastases). Mean tumor sizes were 3 cm and 1 cm, respectively. Thirty-four (31%) had bilateral lung metastases. Ten (9%) had synchronous L+L metastases, 60 (54%) had diagnosis of lung metastases within 1 year of liver resection. Most (108 of 112, 96%) had resection of liver before or at the same time as lung. Preoperative chemotherapy was used in 77 (69%) before liver resection and 56 (50%) before lung resection. Among L+L patients, no postoperative deaths occurred; postoperative morbidity rates were 26% after liver resection and 4% after lung resection. After a median of 49 months follow-up, L+L patients (n = 112) had better survival than liver only (n = 1,148) (5-year overall survival, L+L, 50% vs liver only, 40%; p=0.01). CEA level > 5 ng/dL (hazard ratio [HR] 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.4, p=0.04) and rectal primary (HR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 6, p=0.004) were associated with worse survival in L+L patients. Conclusions The survival rate for patients who undergo resection of L+L metastases from colorectal cancer is greater than the survival rate of the general population of patients who undergo resection of liver metastases only. The presence of resectable lung metastases is neither a poor prognostic factor nor a contraindication to resection of liver metastases.
Metal-Bisphosphonate Multilayer Thin Films with Nonlinear Optical Activity

Multilayer thin films based on metal-bisphosphonate chemistry which possess nonlinear optical (NLO) activity are discussed. Films are prepared in a step-wise fashion using a chromophore-containing asymmetric α,ω-bisphosphonate molecule. Second harmonic generation from these films is reported as a function of number of layers on glass and silicon substrates.
Liposomes in Diagnostic Imaging – Comparison of Modalities – In-vivo Visualization of Liposomes -

Liposomes provide advantages in the areas of X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and nuclear medicine over other forms of tissue-selective contrast media due to their high capacity loa...
A lamellar model for analysis of liquid-liquid mixing

Abstract Two quantities, a ν , intermaterial area per unit volume and s , striation thickness, are defined to describe the state of a system mixed or being mixed. These quantities are related to one another and to the fluid mechanics of mixing in Lagrangian and Eulerian frames of reference. The model considers that mechanical mixing is synonymous with deformation. An equation for rate of generation of intermaterial area is presented and integrated for systems of engineering interest. An upper bound for this rate of generation is obtained for the case of Newtonian incompressible fluids. Special attention is given to the microscale of mixing where reaction and diffusion occur. It is shown that diffusion and reaction can be combined into a single variable due to a particular choice of reference frame. In this way the necessary tools for analyzing liquid-liquid mixing are presented. The restrictions to this analysis are: (i) microscale can be represented by a lamellar structure, (ii) no surface tension effects, (iii) no instabilities at the microscale of mixing.
Heterogeneity of the glial fibrillary acidic protein in gliosed human brains.

Abstract The glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein from gliosed human brains was separated into 3 immunologically active components on 12.5% SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and on urea-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The ratio between 2 of these components (component b component c ) remained constant during several purification procedures and in different preparations from the same brain, but varied considerably from brain to brain (0.4–1.3). The slower migrating component a was a minor component in 2 brains constituting less than 1% of the total protein on the gel in several preparations from one brain. In 2 other brains component a was present in larger amounts. It was found to be enriched by 25% ammonium sulfate precipitation and its content varied throughout the elution of GFA protein from DEAE-Sephadex. Alanine was the only N-terminal amino acid in all preparations. Three major amino acids of GFA protein, viz. glutamic acid, alanine and leucine, were present in the same amounts in components b and c.
The kinetics of silica-water reactions

Abstract A differential rate equation for silica-water reactions from 0–300°C has been derived based on stoichiometry and activities of the reactants in the reaction SiO2(s) + 2H2O(l) = H4SiO4(aq) ( ∂a H 4 SiO 4 ∂t ) P.T.M. = ( A M )(γ H 4 SiO 4 )(k+a SiO 2 a 2 H 2 O − k_a H 4 SiO 4 ) where ( A M ) = (the relative interfacial area between the solid and aqueous phases/the relative mass of water in the system), and k+ and k− are the rate constants for, respectively, dissolution and precipitation. The rate constant for precipitation of all silica phases is log k − = − 0.707 − 2598 T (T, K) and Eact for this reaction is 49.8 kJ mol−1. Corresponding equilibrium constants for this reaction with quartz, cristobalite, or amorphous silica were expressed as log K = a + bT + c T . Using K = k + k − , k was expressed as log k + = a + bT + c T and a corresponding activation energy calculated: a b c Eact(kJ mol -1) Quarts 1.174 -2.028 x 103 -4158 67.4–76.6 α-Cristobalite -0.739 0 -3586 68.7 β-Cristobalite -0.936 0 -3392 65.0 Amorphous silica -0.369 -7.890 x 10-4 3438 60.9–64.9 Upon cooling a silica-saturated solution below the equilibrium temperature, the decreasing solubility of silica causes increasing super saturation, which tends to raise the precipitation rate, but the rate constants rapidly decrease, which tends to lower the precipitation rate. These competing effects cause a maximum rate of precipitation 25–50°C below the saturation temperature. At temperatures below that of the maximum rate, silica is often quenched into solution by very slow reaction rates. Consequently, the quartz geothermometer will give the most accurate results if samples are taken from the hottest, highest flow rate, thermal springs which occur above highly fractured areas.
VOLATILIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF URANIUM MONONITRIDE.

Abstract Experiments have been performed by transpiration, vacuum microbalance, effusate collection, and mass spectrometry to determine mass transport in uranium mononitride. It is shown that under equilibrium conditions uranium mononitride will preferentially lose nitrogen, and molten uranium will be a product at all temperatures above the melting point of uranium. Under dynamic vacuum conditions, however, nitrogen vaporization is markedly curtailed probably as a result of the slow rate of diffusion of nitrogen through uranium mononitride. Under dynamic conditions, it is possible to vaporize UN without the accumulation of molten uranium on the surface. The transpiration determinations of vaporization of UN have been utilized in a thermodynamic cycle to establish a value of 126 kcal/mole as the standard heat of vaporization of uranium. This value was further substantiated by effusate collection which yielded a value of 126.5 kcal/mole for the heat of vaporization of uranium. It is indicated that the UN homogeneity range extends to UN 0.97 at 1600°C and approaches UN 0.96 at 1700°C. Across the portion of the homogeneity range of UN that was examined the activity of uranium changes by a factor of about a thousand at these temperatures.
Is there a potential of emission of sequestered CO2 from Illinois bituminous coal under shockwaves

Abstract The mitigation of potential global warming due to the emission of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, would require large-scale geological sequestration. Though current emphasis has been on identifying and characterizing the potential geological sequestration reservoirs, there is also an urgent need to ensure that the sequestered CO2 will remain in place under reasonable perturbations, e.g., under seismic activity. One of the potential geological reservoirs identified is unmineable coal seams due to the advantage of recovering fuel gas like CH4 while sequestering CO2. Therefore, a closed experimental setup was constructed where Illinois bituminous coal cores could be subjected to compressive shockwaves while simultaneously monitoring the emission of gases from CO2 pressurized coal cores. The results from the pressurized coal cores were compared with the behavior manifested by un-pressurized coal cores as well as porous pumice stone cores, which were also subjected to shockwaves. As expected, the un-pressurized cores showed no significant emission of CO2 when subjected to shock; however, this was not the case for the cores which were pressurized with CO2. The results indicate that massive amounts of CO2 would be emitted if the cores were exposed to atmospheric pressure simulating a situation where caprock has been compromised during primary seismic activity. Irrespective of the belief that coal interacts strongly with CO2, both chemically and physically, compressive (0.374 MPa) shockwaves forced almost all the CO2 to be ejected from the coal cores. Surprisingly, most, if not all, the sequestered CO2 would be emitted in less than 1 h if the cores were subjected to reasonably moderate shocks. In actual seismic activity conditions, one expects conditions to be even more severe than in the experimental setup used in this study because of the presence of compressive and transverse stresses and shears. If such is the case, CO2 may be emitted even faster. It is reasonable to argue that Illinois bituminous coals may not be suitable hosts for sequestering CO2 because the region is prone to seismic activity.
IMPROVED PATIENT POSITIONING FOR PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROSCOPIC PROCEDURES USING A SURGICAL SADDLE

Purpose: We describe modified patient positioning on the Cloward * surgical saddle for use during percutaneous nephroscopic procedures. Materials and Methods: The Cloward surgical saddle, which was designed for prone patient positioning, has been used primarily for lumbar surgery. We evaluated the use of the surgical saddle for ease of patient positioning during percutaneous nephroscopic procedures. Results: We have used the surgical saddle in 10 patients to date, including 1 who was 5 feet 8 inches (173 cm.) tall and who weighed 370 pounds (168 kg.). In all cases pulmonary airway pressure was maintained at less than 30 cm. water. We have observed no incidence of pressure injury or other complications associated with position. Conclusions: Patient positioning during percutaneous nephroscopic surgery is important for preventing pressure injury and allowing adequate pulmonary ventilation. The surgical saddle is an excellent aid for secure patient positioning during percutaneous nephroscopic procedures that helps to minimize the risk of pressure injury and pulmonary compromise.
Comments on "Directed Panspermia"

Abstract In a recent paper Crick and Orgel (1973) asserted that the anomalous abundance of molybdenum in living organisms is evidence that life may have originated somewhere else in the Universe and was transported to Earth. Their argument concerned a comparison of the relative abundances and biological importance of chromium, nickel, and molybdenum. We point out that a more careful consideration of these elements does not support their conclusion.
Rapid determination of (carbon-14) glucose specific radioactivity for in vivo glucose kinetics.

Abstract Specific radioactivity of blood glucose was determined by use of a Dowex-1 anion-exchange column after [carbon-14] glucose was infused for in vivo kinetics. The first 20-ml eluate of protein-free blood filtrate from the column was discarded: then 10 ml was collected, Iyophilized, and counted in a liquid-scintillation counter. Glucose concentration was determined and specific radioactivity calculated. Kinetic results were comparable to those obtained with the more laborious glucose-pentaacetate procedure.
Relative Crystallinity of Plant Biomass: Studies on Assembly, Adaptation and Acclimation

Plant biomechanical design is central to cell shape, morphogenesis, reproductive performance and protection against environmental and mechanical stress. The cell wall forms the central load bearing support structure for plant design, yet a mechanistic understanding of its synthesis is incomplete. A key tool for studying the structure of cellulose polymorphs has been x-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Relative crystallinity index (RCI) is based on the x-ray diffraction characteristics of two signature peaks and we used this technique to probe plant assembly, adaptation and acclimation. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize the dynamics of cellulose synthase in transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a homozygous YFP::CESA6. Assembly: RCI values for stems and roots were indistinguishable but leaves had 23.4 and 21.6% lower RCI than stems and roots respectively. Adaptation: over 3-fold variability in RCI was apparent in leaves from 35 plant species spanning Ordovician to Cretaceous periods. Within this study, RCI correlated positively with leaf geometric constraints and with mass per unit area, suggestive of allometry. Acclimation: biomass crystallinity was found to decrease under conditions of thigmomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Further, in etiolated pea hypocotyls, RCI values also decreased compared to plants that were grown in light, consistent with alterations in FTIR cellulose fingerprint peaks and live cell imaging experiments revealing rapid orientation of the YFP::cellulose synthase-6 array in response to light. Herein, results and technical challenges associated with the structure of the cell wall that gives rise to sample crystallinity are presented and examined with respect to adaptation, acclimation and assembly in ecosystem-level processes.
Arterial And Venous Anastomoses Using CO 2 Laser Energy

Laser-assisted arterial and venous anastomoses are now possible using a low power CO 2 laser. A microscope-guided CO 2 laser has been used to deliver 60 to 100 mil liwatts to anastomose arteries and veins. This technique has been used to anastomose rabbit carotid arteries (1.5 to 2.0 mm), rabbit femoral arteries (1.1 to 1.5 mm), and rabbit vena cavae (4 to 6 mm). In addition, rat femoral arterial end-to-end (1 mm) and arterial venous fistulas have been completed. Histologic examination of laser-assisted anastomoses showed local full-thickness thermal injury. Repair was by fibroblast and myofibroblast proliferation, and luminal cell coverage was complete by 14 days in laser repairs. Laser arterial and venous anastomoses are attractive because of their simplicity and rapidity of performance. Their patency has proved to be comparable to sutured anastomoses, but arterial aneurysms remain a hazard despite use of extemely low laser energy.
STIMULATORY PROPERTIES OF FILTRATE FROM THE GREEN ALGA HORMOTILA BLENNISTA. II. FRACTIONATION OF FILTRATE1,2

SUMMARY This investigation reports on the fractionation of filtrate from the green alga Hormotila blennista known to contain autostimulatory properties. Acid, basic, and volatile acid filtrate extracts reduced the lag time of H. blennista at low concentrations. Whole filtrate did not express those lag time reducing capacities which were demonstrated in filtrate extracts. Glycolic acid was identified in both the acid and volatile acid extracts. Growth rate stimulation could not be demonstrated with any filtrate extract. Stimulatory properties of filtrate were shown to be dialyzable and heat labile. It was suggested that heat-labile low molecular weight organic extracellular products are responsible for the growth rate stimulatory property of filtrate. Although dialysis and heat treatments of filtrate removed growth rate stimulation, filtrate properties capable of extending final population levels were retained. High molecular weight heat-stable extracellular products appear to be at least partially responsible for these extended growth levels.
End-Use Performance and Consumer Acceptance of Denim Fabrics Woven from Open-End and Ring-Spun Yarns:

The performance of denim fabrics made from open end and ring spun yarns was compared ly a wear study and by aboratory measurements. For the wear study the fabrics were made into boys' jeans and were warn for a total of 26 wash/wear cycles. The results of both the laboratory tests and the wear study indicated that the ring spun fal ric was more durable than the open end fabric. However, the differences were small, and durability of both fabrics way accept able to consumers. Evaluation of the garments during the wear study was based on abrasion standards developed in the laboratory and the U. S. Army's General Equipment Test Activity system.
Nickel-iron in lunar anorthosites

Abstract Nickel-iron grains in anorthositic particles found in lunar soil from Mare Tranquilitatis contain 6 to 29% Ni. Similar metal grains in the more common Ti-rich basalts are nearly pure Fe. Either the anorthosites have been selectively contaminated by meteoritic metal, or Ni has been magmatically fractionated. If the anorthosites and basalts of Mare Tranquilitatis are related by magmatic fractionation, the process probably involved fractional crystallization followed by partial fusion of pyroxene-rich cumulates.
The Deductive Approach to Causal Inference

This paper reviews concepts, principles, and tools that have led to a coherent mathematical theory that unifies the graphical, structural, and potential outcome approaches to causal inference. The theory provides solutions to a number of pending problems in causal analysis, including questions of confounding control, policy analysis, mediation, missing data, and the integration of data from diverse studies.
Vortex dynamics in single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7 probed by 63Cu nuclear spin echo measurements in the presence of transport current pulses.

We report {sup 63}Cu NMR spin-echo experiments on a high-quality single crystal of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} ({ital T}{sub {ital c}}=93 K), to which we have bonded leads for both transport current pulse applications and four-point resistance measurements. For a 9 T field with {ital H}{sub 0} parallel to {ital c}, the resistive transition onsets at 90 K, and {ital R} fully reaches zero at {ital T}{sub {ital R}=0}=76 K. The superconducting state NMR linewidth, however, does not exceed the normal-state value until {ital T}{lt}{ital T}{sub {ital R}=0}, where it is in agreement with predictions based on measured penetration depths. We discuss the possibility that a vortex liquid is present within the resistive transition, with vortex diffusion occurring at a rate fast enough to induce motional narrowing of the vortex lattice contribution to the NMR linewidth. We use the Einstein relation to show that this rapid vortex diffusion implies an upper bound for the correlation length for vortex motion. Inclusion of transport current pulses in the spin-echo pulse sequence is found to have no effect on the magnitude of the spin-echo signal for {ital T} both greater and less than {ital T}{sub {ital R}=0}.
Effect of Ascorbic Acid Consumption On Urinary Stone Risk Factors

ABSTRACTPurpose: Ascorbic acid (AA) has been implicated as a risk factor for calcium oxalate stones due to its conversion to oxalate and potential acidifying properties. We evaluated the effect of AA consumption on urinary saturation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) and urinary pH.Materials and Methods: A total of 12 normal subjects (NS) and 12 CaOx stone formers (SF) underwent 2, 6-day phases of study while maintained on a controlled metabolic diet. In each phase subjects ingested 1 gm AA or an identical appearing placebo twice daily. On the last 2 days of each phase 2, 24-hour urine collections were analyzed for pH and stone risk factors, and blood specimens were submitted for serum chemistry studies.Results: No difference in urinary pH was found between placebo and AA phases in NS (6.02 versus 6.02) and SF (6.0 versus 6.0). However, urinary oxalate was statistically significantly higher in the AA versus placebo phase for NS (34.7 versus 28.5 mg, p = 0.008) and SF (41.0 versus 30.5 mg, p <0.001). Likewise, the...
Regulation of Human β-Defensins by Gastric Epithelial Cells in Response to Infection with Helicobacter pylori or Stimulation with Interleukin-1

Gastric epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo are shown to constitutively express the peptide antibiotic human beta-defensin type 1 (hBD-1). In contrast, hBD-2 expression is regulated in gastric epithelial cells and increases in response to infection with Helicobacter pylori or stimulation with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1. These data suggest that hBD-2 is a component of the regulated host gastric epithelial cell response to H. pylori infection and proinflammatory mediators.
POULTRY PRODUCT QUALITY. 1. Compositional Changes During Cooking of Turkey Roasts

SUMMARY: White and dark turkey roasts, averaging 7.1 and 3.1 lb respectively, were made with meat taken from selected samples of the various entries in the Pennsylvania Turkey Random Sample Meat Test. Additional roasts were made from sample birds from the University research flock. Roasts were wrapped in aluminum foil, then cooked in a Telkes oven. All roasts were cooked to an internal temperature of 170°F. There were no sex differences in cooking losses except when skin was examined separately. Differences in cooking losses were observed in the breast meat but not in the thigh meat of roasts prepared from Bronze and White turkeys. Losses were higher for breast meat than for thigh meat. There was an indication that size of bird was not a significant factor in determining percentage cooking losses for breast and thigh roasts. When fat drippings from cooked skin were analyzed for carbonyl content high skin yielding males were characterized by the high concentration of the 2-enals in relation to the methyl ketones. Low skin groups consisted mainly of methyl ketones.
Census as a Techology of Empire

Статья Дэвида Дэрроу посвящена анализу переписи 1897 года как механизма имперского контроля. По мысли автора, при историческом изучении переписи точность и полнота собранных данных не имеют принципиального значения. Перепись дала возможность как ее организаторам, так и переписываемым выразить собственное видение Российской империи и описать свое место в ней. Массовая перепись позволила населению ощутить себя частью одного целого. Для организаторов перепись стала попыткой определить империю как гражданское сообщество и в то же время рационально упорядочить ее население посредством категорий переписи, что должно было повысить эффективность самодержавного государства. Рассматривая исторический контекст подготовки переписи, автор указывает на характерную для модерной эпохи веру в данные переписи, утверждавшуюся Международным Статистическим Конгрессом. Эту веру в России разделяли “просвещенные бюрократы”, стоявшие за подготовкой Великих Реформ 1860-х годов. Необходимость переписи аргументировалась ее авторами потребностями в более полной информации о крестьянстве (что не противоречило патерналисткой политике самодержавия по отношению к этому слою населения); также она должна была содействовать регулированию рекрутских наборов и поддержанию статуса России как ведущей мировой державы, а также совершенствованию фискальной политики. Перепись планировалась как средство повышения “вертикальной” эффективности имперского династического государства. Тем не менее, поскольку для достижения ее целей требовалось включение “горизонтальных” механизмов – повышение активности граждан (а не пассивных подданных) – перепись явилась и средством активизации гражданского общества. Описывая социальный облик империи, организаторы переписи пытались использовать такую категорию как “сословие”, несмотря на разложение сословной системы в России. Перепись обращала особое внимание на место жительства переписываемых, что резко отличало перепись в России от ее европейских аналогов. В то же время, категории переписи позволяли манипулировать с этническим и национальным составом империи, обеспечивая численное превосходство православных русских.
A Nonspurious 3-D Vector Discontinuous Galerkin Finite-Element Time-Domain Method

We propose a nonspurious vector discontinuous Galerkin finite-element time-domain (DG-FETD) method for 3-D electromagnetic simulation. To facilitate the implementation of numerical fluxes for domain decomposition, we construct the DG-FETD scheme based on the first-order Maxwell's equations with variables E and H. The LT/QN and the CT/LN edge elements are employed to represent E and H, respectively (or vice versa), to suppress spurious modes, and the Riemann solver is utilized as the numerical flux to correct fields on the interfaces between adjacent subdomains. Numerical experiments show the nonspurious property of the proposed method.
The Social Diffusion of Influence Among Adolescents: Group Interaction in a Chat Room Environment About Antidrug Advertisements

One route to influence in mass communication campaigns to reduce risky behavior is through interpersonal discussion of the content of the campaign and other behaviors pertinent to those targeted by the campaign. The goal of this study was to test the effects of online group interaction among adolescents about antimarijuana advertisements on relevant attitudes and behaviors. A between-subjects post-only experimental design was used to test two crossed factors, online chat and strength of arguments in antidrug ads. A sample of 535 students was randomly assigned to one of four conditions: chat and strong-argument ads, chat and weak-argument ads, no chat and strong-argument ads, and no chat and weak-argument ads. The group interactions about antidrug ads lead to negative effects such that those who chatted reported more promarijuana attitudes and subjective normative beliefs than those who just viewed the ads. No support was found for the hypothesis that strong-argument ads would result in more antidrug beliefs relative to weak-argument ads in either the chat or the no-chat conditions. Overall, these findings suggest that viewing antidrug ads and discussing them with peers may result in deleterious effects in adolescents.
Lansce-R low level RF control system

The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) proton accelerator is scheduled for refurbishment. A new low level radio frequency (LLRF) system is part of the refurbishment plan since the existing LLRF system is analog-based and requires significant setup and maintenance time. Both field and resonance control aspects of the current system do not have the flexibility to meet future performance requirements. The LANSCE accelerator provides both H+ and H- beams and due to the various user requirements there are a number of different beam pulse types varying in timing and current. In order to meet user needs,LANSCE must simultaneously transport both H+ and H" in the accelerator. These requirements have motivated the development of a new LLRF system based on software defined radio technology. The new system will include field control using feedback and adaptive feed forward techniques, an upgraded resonance controller with frequency agility to improve startup and fault recovery times and a high power amplifier pre-compensation controller for improved cavity fill times and amplifier efficiency. Among the challenges with implementing the new system are interfacing with existing subsystems of the accelerator.
A portless SRAM Cell using stunted wordline drivers

A minimum area portless SRAM cell is presented along with a stunted wordline driver. When compared to an iso-area 6T cell using logic design rules, the portless cell exhibits 22% higher static noise margin and 14% lower leakage with a 51% penalty in the on/off cell current ratio. Measurements from a fabricated test chip in 0.5 mum CMOS demonstrate functionality of the proposed cell and driver in an array, and for the first time, validate the portless concept in an isolated test cell.
An empirically-based assessment of early intervention service provision and utilization.

The present investigation studied provision of early intervention services for young children. 377 programs in Ohio were interviewed with respect to the number of young handicapped and “at risk” children participating, the types of services provided children and their parents, and budget information. Younger children (0–2 yr.) and those from rural areas were less frequently involved than older children from urban and semiurban areas. While a wide range of services were provided children and their parents, there was considerable variability in the proportion of programs providing these services. Public sources of funding provide the bulk of support for early intervention services, while private sources provide supplementary, but decreasing, support for services.
Image-based Shaving

Many categories of objects, such as human faces, can be naturally viewe d as a composition of several different layers. For example, a bearded face with glasses can be decomposed in three layers: a layer for glasses, a layer for the beard and a layer for other permanent facial features. While m odeling such a face with a linear subspace model could be very difficult, layer separation allows for easymodeling and modification of some certain structures while leaving others unchanged. In this paper, we present a method for automatic layer extraction and its applications to face synthesis and editing. Layers are automatically extracted by utilizing the differences between subspaces and modeled separately. We show that our method can be us ed for tasks such beard removal (virtual shaving), beard synthesis, and beard transfer, among others.
Micromagnetic model of perpendicular head and double-layer media for 100 Gb/in/sup 2/

A system including a perpendicular recording head, a soft underlayer, and a recording layer has been studied using a micromagnetic simulation. The model uses Voronoi cells to represent the recording layer and cubic cells for the soft underlayer and head. The total field consists of the magnetostatic interaction field, the demagnetization field, the exchange field, the anisotropy field, and the field generated by the nontip region of the head. The geometrical configuration of the pole tips and soft underlayer was optimized for. performance at 100 Gb/in/sup 2/. It is demonstrated that high anisotropy fields in the soft underlayer have only small effects on peak fields and gradients. This suggests that low permeability underlayers are an effective way of combating stray field effects. Simulations of the recording layer show the effects of increasing anisotropy on reducing trackwidth. We find a large increase in the perpendicular recording field caused by the permeability of the recording layer exceeding that of free space. This should greatly aid the achievement of adequate recording fields at high density.
A steroid-controlled global switch in sensitivity to apoptosis during Drosophila development

Precise control over activation of the apoptotic machinery is critical for development, tissue homeostasis and disease. In Drosophila, the decision to trigger apoptosis--whether in response to developmental cues or to DNA damage--converges on transcription of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonists reaper, hid and grim. Here we describe a parallel process that regulates the sensitivity to, rather than the execution of, apoptosis. This process establishes developmental windows that are permissive or restrictive for triggering apoptosis, where the status of cells determines their capacity to die. We characterize one switch in the sensitivity to apoptotic triggers, from restrictive to permissive, that occurs during third-instar larval (L3) development. Early L3 animals are highly resistant to induction of apoptosis by expression of IAP-antagonists, DNA-damaging agents and even knockdown of the IAP diap1. This resistance to apoptosis, however, is lost in wandering L3 animals after acquiring a heightened sensitivity to apoptotic triggers. This switch in sensitivity to death activators is mediated by a change in mechanisms available for activating endogenous caspases, from an apoptosome-independent to an apoptosome-dependent pathway. This switch in apoptotic pathways is regulated in a cell-autonomous manner by the steroid hormone ecdysone, through changes in expression of critical pro-, but not anti-, apoptotic genes. This steroid-controlled switch defines a novel, physiologically-regulated, mechanism for controlling sensitivity to apoptosis and provides new insights into the control of apoptosis during development.
TRMM Calibration of SSM/I Algorithm for Overland Rainfall Estimation

Abstract This paper extends the work of Dinku and Anagnostou overland rain retrieval algorithm for use with Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) observations. In Dinku and Anagnostou, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) rainfall estimates were used to calibrate TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) retrieval. Regional differences in PR-based TMI calibration were investigated by testing the algorithm over four geographic regions, consisting of Africa, northern South America (containing the Amazon basin), the continental United States, and south Asia. In this paper the performance of Dinku and Anagnostou's technique applied on SSM/I data over three of these regions (Africa, Amazon, and South Asia) is demonstrated. Two approaches are investigated for using PR rainfall products to calibrate the algorithm parameters. In the first approach, TMI channels are remapped to the spatial resolutions of the corresponding SSM/I channels; then, PR is used to calibrate the rain retrieval on the re...
Intento luego creo: Intención y creencia en la teoría de la acción

La pregunta que vamos a intentar responder en este articulo es la siguiente: ?acaso la expresion linguistica de nuestras intenciones futuras (Intentare hacer ?) involucra de forma necesaria una cierta creencia sobre la ocurrencia futura del hecho intencionado (Creo que ? sera el caso)? Los teoricos de la accion discrepan sobre este punto, el vinculo entre creencia e intencion; vamos a adelantar por tanto un analisis plausible de este vinculo en terminos de la creencia minima requerida para tener una intencion. Este enfoque pretende superar ciertos problemas que Davidson, Velleman y Korsgaard han afrontado entre otros teoricos de la accion.
Dynamic DinoFun World Communication Graph

We designed and implemented DinoFun World Communication Graph (DWCG) using Data-Driven Documents (D3) technologies for solving Mini-Challenge 2(MC2) of VAST 2015. DWCG takes full advantage of communication edges by dividing them into segments based on the time and locations where communications occur. Through case study via the challenge dataset, we demonstrate how this novel design is useful to detect the spatiotemporal communication patterns in dynamic graphs.
Health Department Collaboration with Emergency Departments as a Model for Public Health Programs Among At-risk Populations

SYNOPSIS Objectives. Accessing at-risk and underserved populations for intervention remains a major obstacle for public health programs. Emergency departments (EDs) care for patients not otherwise interacting with the health care system, and represent a venue for such programs. A variety of perceived and actual barriers inhibit widespread implementation of ED-based public health programs. Collaboration between local health departments and EDs may overcome such barriers. The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a health department-funded, ED-based public health program in comparison with other similar community-based programs through analysis of data reported by health department-funded HIV counseling and testing centers in one Ohio county.
A Comparative Review of Animal Models of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was initially isolated from a Saudi Arabian man with fatal pneumonia. Since the original case in 2012, MERS-CoV infections have been reported in >1500 humans, and the case fatality rate is currently 35%. This lineage C betacoronavirus has been reported to cause a wide range of disease severity in humans, ranging from asymptomatic to progressive fatal pneumonia that may be accompanied by renal or multiorgan failure. Although the clinical presentation of human MERS-CoV infection has been documented, many facets of this emerging disease are still unknown and could be studied with animal models. Several animal models of MERS-CoV have been developed, including New Zealand white rabbits, transduced or transgenic mice that express human dipeptidyl peptidase 4, rhesus macaques, and common marmosets. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on human MERS-CoV infections, the probable origin of MERS-CoV, and the available animal models of MERS-CoV infection. Evaluation of the benefits and limitations of these models will aid in appropriate model selection for studying viral pathogenesis and transmission, as well as for testing vaccines and antivirals against MERS-CoV.
Wave-Induced Circulation in Shallow Basins

Water waves in model basins are used to study longshore currents on beaches. Due to the limited length of basins, return flows are engendered, which are not representative of nature. Using a simplified analytical theory, the transport stream function for three common model basin setups are found. Verification of the major features of the stream function was carried out in a small wave tank. Conclusions concerning adequate basin sizes to model longshore currents are made.
Pattern Synthesis in Optical Nano-Antennas Using Collections of Metallic Nanoparticles

Some of the theoretical concepts of nano-antennas formed by aggregates of metallic nanoparticles are developed. Manipulation of optical fields in the near- and far-field zones can be achieved by proper designs of such nano-antennas.
Intestinal anisakiasis. A case diagnosed by morphologic and immunologic methods.

The diagnosis of the fourth reported case of intestinal anisakiasis in the United States was based on the morphologic characteristics of the worm in histologic sections of resected ileum. Detection of antibodies to the worm by a radioallergo-sorbent test (RAST), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and an immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA) support the diagnosis. IgE antibodies in patient serum reacted specifically to larval Anisakis antigens but not to larval Ascaris antigens in the RAST. IgG and IgM antibodies to larval Anisakis antigen could be detected by ELISA up to six months after infection. IFA findings demonstrated that patient serum recognized the excretory-secretory products produced by the worm and showed their presence in vivo . These products appear to originate from the excretory pore and dorsal esophageal gland of the larval parasite.
Ion mobilities in diatomic gases: measurement versus prediction with non-specular scattering models.

Ion/electrical mobility measurements of nanoparticles and polyatomic ions are typically linked to particle/ion physical properties through either application of the Stokes–Millikan relationship or comparison to mobilities predicted from polyatomic models, which assume that gas molecules scatter specularly and elastically from rigid structural models. However, there is a discrepancy between these approaches; when specular, elastic scattering models (i.e., elastic-hard-sphere scattering, EHSS) are applied to polyatomic models of nanometer-scale ions with finite-sized impinging gas molecules, predictions are in substantial disagreement with the Stokes–Millikan equation. To rectify this discrepancy, we developed and tested a new approach for mobility calculations using polyatomic models in which non-specular (diffuse) and inelastic gas-molecule scattering is considered. Two distinct semiempirical models of gas-molecule scattering from particle surfaces were considered. In the first, which has been traditional...