cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contact Fatigue of Rough Elastic Surfaces in Two-Dimensional Formulation

Solution of a contact problem for a rough elastic half-plane is considered. Surface roughness is assumed to be small and stochastic. A perturbation solution of the problem for relatively small roughness with singly connected contact region is proposed and is conveniently expressed in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. Mean distribution of pressure and mean size of the contact are obtained analytically. A pitting model for rough surfaces is considered based on a generalization of an earlier proposed contact model with some stochastic parameters. An analytical formula relating subsurface originated fatigue is considered and fatigue life of rough and smooth surfaces is obtained which shows that fatigue life of rough solids is slightly shorter than of the smooth ones. In the general case of a contact region of rough surfaces with multiple connectivity subsurface originated fatigue possesses properties similar to the case of singly connected contact region. Surface roughness may have a significant effect only on surface and near surface originated fatigue such as wear, micropitting, and shallow flaking.
p28-mediated Activation of p53 in G2/M Phase of the Cell Cycle Enhances the Efficacy of DNA Damaging and Antimitotic Chemotherapy

p28 is an anionic cell-penetrating peptide of 28 amino acids that activates wild-type and mutated p53, leading subsequently to selective inhibition of CDK2 and cyclin A expression and G2–M cell-cycle arrest. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of p28 treatment alone and in combination with DNA-damaging and antimitotic agents on human cancer cells. p28 enhanced the cytotoxic activity of lower concentrations (IC20-50) of DNA-damaging drugs (doxorubicin, dacarbazine, temozolamide) or antimitotic drugs (paclitaxel and docetaxel) in a variety of cancer cells expressing wild-type or mutated p53. Mechanistic investigations revealed that p28 induced a post-translational increase in the expression of wild-type or mutant p53 and p21, resulting in cell-cycle inhibition at the G2–M phase. The enhanced activity of these anticancer agents in combination with p28 was facilitated through the p53/p21/CDK2 pathway. Taken together, these results highlight a new approach to maximize the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents while reducing dose-related toxicity. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2354–65. ©2016 AACR.
Adaptive Dynamic Trim Prediction for Limit Detection and Avoidance

A new approach for estimating higher order limit parameter dynamics of known dimension is developed. The method which is motivated from an approach developed in control area on adaptive output feedback formulation, utilizes a linear dynamic compensator (LDC) and adaptive neural network (ANN) to capture the limit parameter dynamics. Only standard measurements of the input-output data and their respective delayed values are used in adaptation. Since only the error in the limit parameter value is available, estimates of the error vector are obtained using an error observer. These error estimates are used to update the neural network (NN) weights. Lyapunov analysis is used to derive the network weight adaptation rule that guarantees the NN weights and error signals to be ultimately bounded. The method of dynamic trim is used to predict the maximum future response of the limit parameter and to compute the control limits from the estimated dynamic model. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the application of the method.
Release of ACTH from isolated pituitary cells: an energy dependent process.

SummaryThe influence of various maneuvers designed to alter energy metabolism on spontaneous and induced release of ACTH from isolated pituitary cells was studied. Spontaneous release was increased by cold (2°) but not significantly changed by anoxia, glucose removal, DNP, iodoacetate, oligomycin, or antimycin A. On the other hand, induced release of ACTH was inhibited by all of the maneuvers tested. These findings indicate that induced release of ACTH from isolated pituitary cells is an energy dependent process.The author is grateful to Dr. George Sayers for his invaluable advice during the conduct of these experiments and preparation of the manuscript and to Beth Portanova and Marshall Clark for their technical assistance.
Self-Monitoring Interventions for Students with Behavior Problems: A Systematic Review of Current Research:

ABSTRACT: Explicitly teaching skills associated with self-determination has been promoted to support students' independence and control over their own lives. This is especially important for students with behavior problems. One self-determination skill or behavior that has been studied widely is self-monitoring. Although multiple reviews of various self-monitoring interventions exist, we provide an updated review of the literature focusing on the role various elements such as reinforcement, feedback, function, and technology play in self-monitoring interventions for students with behavior problems. In this review, we synthesize 41 recent (2000–2012) studies of self-monitoring interventions conducted with K–12 students exhibiting persistent behavior problems. Key findings, limitations, and implications for research and practice are discussed.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha decreases surfactant protein B mRNA in murine lung

Respiratory failure secondary to acute lung inflammation is associated with quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of pulmonary surfactant. The surfactant-associated proteins (SP)-A, -B, and -C...
Reticuloendothelial phagocytic function in patients with leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma.

Reticuloendothelial phagocytic function was studied in a group of patients with leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma utilizing I131-aggregated human serum albumin. The majority of patients with acute leukemia were found to have diminished RES phagocytosis. Increased RES phagocytosis was demonstrated in some patients and appeared to be related to accelerated erythrocyte destruction. Chemotherapy per se had little demonstrable effect on RES phagocytic function.
Optimization of unconfined groundwater systems: a differential dynamic programming algorithm

Groundwater optimization models are predicated on the hydraulic or water quality response equations of the aquifer system. These equations relate the state variables of the groundwater system, the head or mass concentrations, and the decision variables that control the magnitude, location, and timing of pumping, artificial recharge, or waste injection. These management models are large-scale, non-convex programing problems. The objective of this paper is to present a differential dynamic programming (DDP) algorithm for solution of groundwater optimization problems. The effects of state and control variable constraints are discussed. The Jacobian matrices of the algorithm are evaluated analytically using a fully implicit, finite difference model of the aquifer system. DDP is used to identify optimal groundwater pumping schedules for a two-dimensional, unconfined aquifer system. The CPU time and central memory requirements of the algorithm are also presented.
Berkeley Sickle Cell Disease Mice Exhibit Multifaceted Immune Hyper-Activation, and Avidly Reject Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation.

Abstract In order to understand the mechanisms underlying the increased rates of stem cell transplant rejection in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) we have developed a mouse model of transplant rejection utilizing the Berkeley SCD mouse. We find that Berkeley SCD mice exhibit a significantly higher rate of transplant rejection when transplanted with fully allogeneic bone marrow from an SJL donor after non-myeloablative conditioning and peri-transplant T cell costimulation blockade. Thus, while control C57BL/6 (BL/6) mice or hemizygous litter-mates exhibit 80–85% engraftment rates, only 20% of Berkeley SCD mice engraft with donor marrow. Transplant rejection in the SCD mice is mediated by CD8+ and/or NK1.1+ cells, as depletion with antibodies directed at either of these cell-surface molecules increases engraftment rates to 75–90%. To dissect the mechanistic underpinnings of these observations, we performed a multiparameter phenotypic and functional flow-cytometric analysis of leukocytes from the peripheral blood, lymph nodes and spleen from SCD mice, and compared them to the two non-SCD controls. We observed that SCD mice displayed striking phenotypic differences compared to normal mice, but that their hemizygous litter-mates were indistinguishable from the BL/6 controls, underscoring the sickle-specific nature of our observations. SCD mice showed minimal phenotypic variation in the peripheral blood, but the spleens and lymph nodes from SCD mice were highly abnormal. Sickle mice exhibited ∼10-fold more splenic NK and NK-T cells than either the BL/6 or hemizygous controls. These cells produced large quantities of both TNF-α and IFN-γ, potentially contributing to the inflammatory milleu that is associated with SCD. Furthermore, while absolute numbers of splenic T cells were not different in sickle mice compared to controls, their phenotype was skewed toward a highly activated state. Thus, while many (40%) splenic memory T cells from normal controls exhibited a Central Memory (Tcm) phenotype, there were fewer Tcm cells in SCD mice (6%), and a skewing of the memory repertoire towards a more activated Intermediate Memory phenotype (71% in SCD mice compared to 25% in controls). Finally, in ELISpot analysis, lymph node cells from naive sickle mice, having never been previously exposed to allo-antigen, were able to secrete IFN-γ when briefly co-cultured with donor SJL stimulators, a phenomenon not observed with either control BL/6 or hemizygous controls, again, pointing to the increased inflammatory milieu and potential for rejection in the sickle mice. In summary, we have observed evidence for a multi-faceted increase in immune activation in SCD mice, which correlates with their increased transplant rejection. These results point both toward possible therapeutic targets aimed at decreasing SCD-mediated transplant rejection and toward future studies in SCD patients, in order to determine whether similar mechanisms of immune activation also occur in the patient population.
Maximum Likelihood Synchronization for Pulse Position Modulation with Inter-Symbol Guard Times

Deep space optical communications promises orders of magnitude growth in communication capacity, supporting high data rate applications such as video streaming and high- bandwidth science instruments. Pulse position modulation is the modulation format of choice for deep space applications, and by inserting inter-symbol guard times between the symbols, the signal carries the timing information needed by the demodulator. Accurately extracting this timing information is crucial to demodulating and decoding this signal. In this paper we propose a low complexity maximum likelihood timing estimator for pulse position modulation with inter-symbol guard times which significantly outperforms the prior art in this domain. We show that this estimator can achieve the same performance as prior estimators with an order of magnitude less signal flux, or multiple orders of magnitude less flux- accumulation time. Further we show that this estimator achieves the Cramer-Rao bound, making it asymptotically efficient. This method does not require an explicit synchronization sequence, freeing up channel resources for data transmission.
Towards a New Understanding of Labor Market Alignment

This chapter offers a new way to look at an issue with deep roots in higher education: the alignment of college education with labor market needs. The authors explore varied aspects of the scholarly literature to shed light on the history of higher education—labor market alignment (LMA) efforts, its driving forces, and the theoretical perspectives surrounding and shaping its understanding today. While policy stakeholders propose one-size-fits-all LMA approaches for higher education that often threaten other college missions, the authors’ perspective is that the process of LMA requires, by its nature, a negotiation among competing stakeholders. Rather than a feat of engineering, LMA is better understood, they propose, as an organizational learning process through which stakeholders (e.g. employers, students, higher education institutions, and others) form unique goals and processes that fit the needs of the group. This chapter stresses the importance of LMA for improving student success measures in a time of increasing income inequality and other economic pressures. It outlines the many options higher education institutions have to pursue LMA in curricular and co-curricular areas, discusses multiple ways to measure LMA, and concludes with recommendations for policy and practice.
Extruded dielectric sample tubes of complex cross section for EPR signal enhancement of aqueous samples

This paper builds on the work of Mett and Hyde (2003) and Sidabras et al. (2005) where multiple flat aqueous sample cells placed perpendicular to electric fields in microwave cavities were used to reduce the RF losses and increase the EPR signal. In this work, we present three novel sample holders for loop-gap resonators (LGRs) and cylindrical cavity geometries. Two sample holders have been commissioned and built by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) extrusion techniques: a 1mm O.D. capillary with a septum down the middle, named DoubleDee, and a 3.5mm O.D. star shaped sample holder, named AquaStar. Simulations and experimental results at X-band show that the EPR signal intensity increases by factors of 1.43 and 3.87 in the DoubleDee and AquaStar respectively, over the current TPX 0.9mm O.D. sample tube in a two-loop-one-gap LGR. Finally, combining the insight gained from the constructed sample holders and finite-element solutions, a third multi-lumen sample holder for a cylindrical TE011 cavity is optimized, named AquaSun, where simulations show an EPR signal intensity increase by a factor of 8.2 over a standard 1mm capillary.
Efficient Estimation for Semiparametric Structural Equation Models With Censored Data

AbstractStructural equation modeling is commonly used to capture complex structures of relationships among multiple variables, both latent and observed. We propose a general class of structural equation models with a semiparametric component for potentially censored survival times. We consider nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation and devise a combined Expectation-Maximization and Newton-Raphson algorithm for its implementation. We establish conditions for model identifiability and prove the consistency, asymptotic normality, and semiparametric efficiency of the estimators. Finally, we demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed methods through simulation studies and provide an application to a motivating cancer study that contains a variety of genomic variables. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
The best m-term approximation and greedy algorithms

Two theorems on nonlinear $$m$$ ‐term approximation in $$L_p ,\;1 < p < \infty$$ , are proved in this paper. The first one (theorem 2.1) says that if a basis $${\Psi }:{ = }\left\{ {\psi _I } \right\}_I$$ is $$L_p$$ ‐equivalent to the Haar basis then a near best $$m$$ >‐term approximation to any $$f \in L_p$$ can be realized by the following simple greedy type algorithm. Take the expansion $$f = \sum\nolimits_I {c_I \psi _I }$$ and form a sum of $$m$$ terms with the largest $$\left\| {c_I \psi _I } \right\|_p$$ out of this expansion. The second one (theorem 3.3) states that nonlinear $$m$$ ‐term approximations with regard to two dictionaries: the Haar basis and the set of all characteristic functions of intervals are equivalent in a very strong sense.
Effect of Chain Dynamics, Crystallinity, and Free Volume on the Barrier Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Biaxially Oriented Films

The primary focus of this work was to evaluate the relationship between free volume distribution, chain motion, crystallinity, and the gas properties of PET upon strain-induced crystallization (SIC) at different stretch ratios. The formation of a three-phase structure containing rigid amorphous phase, mobile amorphous phase, and crystalline phase upon SIC was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Dynamic mechanical analysis and PALS indicated that there was a significant reduction in the fractional free volume upon orientation at an extension ratio of 3 × 3. Sub-Tg relaxation studies indicated that the activation energy of mechanical relaxation decreased with increasing the stretch ratio. Gas transport studies revealed that the reduction in permeability coefficient was mainly due to reduction in diffusivity. Permeation studies using gas molecules with different sizes revealed that strain-induced crystallization affects the free volume distri...
Adults Experiencing Homelessness in the US-Mexico Border Region: A Photovoice Project.

Homelessness is a social, economic, and political crisis in the United States. In particular, the U.S.-Mexico Border region has seen a surge of homelessness, specifically among veterans, women victims of intimate partner violence, and immigrants. In 2014, twelve persons in El Paso, Texas with experience of being homeless used the photovoice methodology to participate in a project titled, ‘The Voices and Images of the Residents of the Opportunity Center for the Homeless: A Visual Project on the Identity and Challenges Homeless Adults Face on the Border Region.’ The project was led by faculty from the Department of Social Work and facilitated by graduate students from the departments of social work, sociology and anthropology at the University of Texas at El Paso. In partnership with the Opportunity Center for the Homeless, a community based organization, a gallery of photographs with respective narratives was produced along with a video documentary. The participants identified four themes: broken systems, invisibility, opportunities and what works, and growth and determination. These themes represent participants’ life experiences with homelessness and their aspirations. In addition to the photo gallery, participants supported the development of a Call to Action asking the community, policy and decision makers to commit to changing the current social, economic, and political conditions affecting individuals experiencing homelessness. The gallery, Call to Action, and overall participant experiences with photovoice were shared during local, regional and national conferences and events, including three State of the Homeless Conferences led by the Opportunity Center for the Homeless in partnership with the university.
Understanding the Experiences of Low-Income Individuals Receiving Farmers' Market Incentives in the United States: A Qualitative Study.

Objective. The objective of this study was to identify benefits and barriers to using a farmers’ market (FM) incentive program among program participants. Design. In qualitative semistructured inte...
Differential Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of 7- to 15-MeV Neutrons from Beryllium

Differential cross sections are reported for elastic and inelastic scattering of neutrons from beryllium. Source neutrons were provided by the D(d,n)3 He reaction at energies from 7 to 15 MeV in 1-...
Automatic Patency Discrimination in the Pig Bilateral Femoral Veins for Biomedical Implants

Free flap surgeries require hourly monitoring to detect vascular compromise. If not caught promptly, the flap can be lost. Monitoring free flaps using the gold standard requires experienced operators to interpret blood flow signatures, which are often difficult to distinguish from background noise. Previously reported hardware-only automatic patency classification showed a high sensitivity, specificity, and a low false-positive rate, but it was demonstrated using bulky discrete electronics and a syringe pump to generate the expected flow rates. In this paper, we investigate automatic hardware-only patency classification on blood flow data collected from the bilateral femoral veins during flow and occluded states using SPICE simulations in an IBM 130-nm CMOS process with a 1-V supply voltage and a 200-ms window length. Experimental results show a very high sensitivity (99.45%), specificity (99.93%), and very low false-positive rate (0.07275%) at just 8.715 $\mu \text{A}$ . This paper shows that automatic hardware-only patency classification is effective for monitoring patency on real pig blood flow data. The demonstrated classifier’s performance makes it suitable for integration as part of a wirelessly-powered biomedical patency monitor.
Ethnic/racial differences in gastrointestinal symptoms and diagnosis associated with the risk of Helicobacter pylori infection in the US.

Background In the US, neither the prevalence nor the gastrointestinal (GI) diagnosis/symptoms associated with Helicobacter pylori (HP) have been examined in different racial/ethnic groups. Aim To determine the racial/ethnic differences in HP infection associated with GI diagnoses/symptoms using the Cerner Health Facts® database. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data during the period of 2000-2015 from the following ethnic/racial groups: 8,236,317 white, 2,085,389 black, 426,622 Hispanic, 293,156 Asian Pacific/Islander (APIs), and 89,179 Native American/Alaskan Native (NA/AN) patients aged 21-65 years old; the data were then analyzed. The primary dependent variable was a diagnosis of HP (ICD-9-Clinical Modification/ICD-10 classification). SAS version 9.4 was used for the statistical analysis. The statistical analysis was performed on 11,130,663 patients with GI symptoms, and of these, 152,086 patients were positive for the infection. Results Hispanics and NA/ANs had the highest prevalence of HP associated with upper GI symptoms/diagnosis. Nevertheless, blacks and APIs presented the highest relative risk (RR) of HP associated with dyspepsia (RR [95% CI] =11.2 [10.7-11.9] and 14.2 [12.8-15.6]), peptic ulcer (RR =13.8 [13.3-14.5] and 10.7 [9.3-12.3]), and atrophic gastritis (RR =9 [8.5-9.6] and 7.4 [6.4-8.5]), respectively. In all racial/ethnic groups, HP was also associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, liver diseases, and celiac diseases. Conclusion Black and API populations had the highest risk of HP associated with upper GI symptoms/diagnosis. Black patients also had the highest risk for HP associated with GI cancer.
Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction: Link Between Multiple Sclerosis Osteoporosis and Neurodegeneration

The high prevalence of osteoporosis, observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, has been attributed to reduced mobility and or the use of disease-modifying drugs. However, MS-impaired cardiovascular autonomic nervous system (ANS) function has the potential of reducing bone mass density (BMD) by altering the expression and/or function of the neuronal, systemic, and local mediators of bone remodeling. This review describes the complex regulation of bone homeostasis with a focus on MS, providing evidence that ANS dysfunction and low BMD are intertwined with MS inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, and with other MS-related morbidities, including depression, fatigue, and migraine. Strategies for improving ANS function could reduce the prevalence of MS osteoporosis and slow the rate of MS progression, with a significant positive impact on patients' quality of life.
Teacher Support and Adolescents' Subjective Well-Being: A Mixed-Methods Investigation.

Adolescents' subjective well-being (SWB) is associated with a variety of schooling experiences, particularly their perceptions of teacher support. This article presents results of a mixed-methods s...
Knowledge Management for the Converged IASB and FASB Standards

This paper conducts a cost/benefit analysis by applying a knowledge management system that incorporates accounting’s conceptual framework, codification initiative and financial statement presentation proposal into a complete ontology. The need for a systematic organization is heightened in the convergence of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) standards which increases the costs (e.g., from complexity and volume) to the accounting body of knowledge. A knowledge management framework can help accounting professionals/academics address accounting issues in such a manner where the benefits exceed the costs in an organized system.
After-School Programs and the School Mission

“It is not enough to merely have good intentions,” stated Dr. Keith Herman, keynote speaker, at the Second Annual School-Based Mental Health Group Interventions Conference; “our intentions must translate into actual help for those we seek to assist.” Within this statement lies the heart of the problem confronting after-school programs. It has been our goal throughout this book to turn “good intentions” into successful results. We cannot just say that I would like to make my after-school program more successful; we must actually take steps to change after-school programming to make after-school programs successful (Granger 2010).
Association of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) change with the risk of atrial fibrillation in the ARIC cohort.

Background Circulating N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) predicts incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the association of longitudinal changes in NT-proBNP concentrations with incident AF has not been explored. Methods We studied 9705 individuals without prevalent AF in 1996–1998 and with available NT-proBNP measurements obtained in samples collected during two visits in 1990–1992 (visit 2) and 1996–1998 (visit 4) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Participants were followed through the end of 2013. AF was ascertained from electrocardiograms, hospital discharge codes, and death certificates. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of absolute change in log-transformed NT-proBNP [ln(NT-proBNP)] with incident AF. We also assessed the impact of adding ln(NT-proBNP) change as a predictor of AF by difference in the C-statistic and net reclassification improvement (NRI). Results Over a median follow up of 16 years, there were 1503 incident cases of AF. The means (SD) ln(NT-proBNP) at visit 2 and visit 4 were 3.83 (1.01) and 4.35 (0.94), respectively. There was a 0.52 (0.79) increase in ln(NT-proBNP) over the 6-year period. Greater increases in ln(NT-proBNP) were associated with higher risk of AF [hazard ratio, 2.82 (95% confidence interval 2.34, 3.39), comparing top to bottom quintiles, and 1.74 (1.61, 1.87) per 1-unit increase in ln(NT-proBNP)]. Adding ln(NT-proBNP) change to a model with multiple predictors including baseline NT-proBNP had relatively limited impact in the C-statistic (increase from 0.748, 95%CI 0.736–0.761, to 0.762, 95%CI 0.750, 0.774). Adding ln(NT-proBNP) change to initial predictive models resulted in a categorical NRI of 0.062 (95% CI 0.033, 0.092) and a continuous NRI of 0.092 (95%CI, 0.017, 0.182). Conclusion Positive NT-proBNP change is associated with an increased incidence rate of AF. Adding NT-proBNP change into the prediction model modestly improved incident AF prediction. Future studies should assess the value of monitoring NT-proBNP concentration among individuals at high risk of developing AF.
Home Production and China's Hidden Consumption

This paper presents a structural approach to estimating the value of home production in China. The structural model incorporates stylized facts about the time allocation of Chinese households, such as the active participation of retired individuals in home production. Estimates based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey show that the aggregate value of home production as a fraction of adjusted GDP have fallen at a rate of 2.7 percent per year over the past decade in China. However, a significant part of China's private consumption was still satisfied through unpaid home production in 2009, amounting to roughly 18 percent of adjusted GDP.
Computer simulation of sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge. VI. Monomer-tetramer systems in rapid chemical equilibrium.

The velocity sedimentation of solutes consisting of a monomer in rapidly established equilibrium with a tetramer has been simulated using a realistic model and a digital computer. The results are compared with the no-diffusion treatments of the same systems and with the simulated experiments done previously for trimerizing solutes. In the absence of diffusion, most of the tetramerizing solutes examined would have produced bimodal sedimenting boundaries. When diffusion was taken into account, the tendency to exhibit bimodal gradient profiles was more obvious in monomer-tetramer systems than in comparable monomer-trimer systems. The characteristic boundary shapes predicted by the no-diffusion model were less seriously obscured by the presence of dimer in the monomer-tetramer case than in the monomer-trimer case. Diagnostically useful shoulders and subsidiary maxima persisted in the simulated schlieren patterns given by tetramerizing solutes with monomer molecular weights as low as 20,000. Hydrodynamic concentration dependence of the sedimentation coefficients of the various solute species did not greatly obscure the unusual structure of either the monomer-trimer or the monomer-tetramer gradient profiles.
Is There a Better way of Improving Compliance with the Tax Laws? Insights from the Philanthropic Literature:

A problem for both philanthropic organizations and tax agencies is their shared dependence upon citizens to willingly accede to their call for general support. Comparison of the literature on phila...
The Shifting Categorization of Immigration Law

For political reasons, the rise in forced migration and arrival of mixed flows of migrants to the US and Europe is frequently referred to as a crisis or an emergency. This paper argues that the crisis is not merely a crisis of numbers, protection, or policy, but rather a deep categorical and ethical crisis. In this crisis, the fundamental organizing categories of immigration law are shifting, as is their underlying logic. It represents a shift of focus: from migrants to migration, from causes of migration to the hardship and political interest of the destination state, from other-regarding and community interests infused ethics to nationalist self-interest ethics. The process of categorization in migration law and policy occurs in a respectful dialogue, in the best of circumstances – or in a conflictual struggle, in other cases – between executives, legislatures, civil societies and judiciaries. The paper offers a critical analysis of this dialogue on categorization, looking at the recent case law on the termination of temporary protection, the blanket exclusion of nationals of certain countries most known as the travel bans, and the different policies addressing the perceived large-scale migration through the Mexican border.
Radiology Case 12

Ischemia of brain tissue is usually secondary to either a thrombus or embolus in a cerebral artery. There is a wide range of stroke symptoms depending on the vessels involved, but the classical symptoms are typically related to the middle cerebral artery (MCA) distribution. This includes contralateral weakness, contralateral numbness, contralateral facial droop, and slurred speech.
The Police as Social Change Agents? the Curious Case of Poland's Transition

AVIEW HELD BY MANY SOCIAL CRITICS IS THAT POLICE ARE INVARIABLY AGENTS of those in power and will do whatever is necessary to perpetuate the regime. This is thought to be particularly true of traditional authoritarian and totalitarian governments believed to be lacking popular legitimacy, or at least offering procedural means by which that could be determined. In such societies the police, along with the military, use their monopoly on the means of violence and direct control over the means of mass communication to protect the status quo.i Of course, the police role in protecting the state and in engaging in abuses is not restricted to nondemocratic governments. The original French conception of a "high police" (referring to position in the hierarchy, rather than to being "stoned") was for an absorbent police who would saturate the society in the interest of protecting the state (Brodeur, 1983). Activities such as the FBI's COINTELPRO, Watergate, the Iran-Contra affair, and the investigation of CISPES continue to be part of our political landscape. However, a distinction can be made between the police role in supporting laws of the state when they are developed through democratic procedures and embody universalistic values (such as those associated with the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights or the protection of democracy) and the police role in acting to perpetuate the rule of those in power beyond democratic procedures (e.g., Watergate, the Iran-Contra affair, CISPES). In the former, dissent is not automatically labeled as crime.
The ontogeny of murine B-1a cells.

It has been over 35 years since the discovery of a special subtype of B cells in mice. These IgM+ B cells are named B-1 cells, whereas conventional B cells are referred to as B-2 cells. B-1 cells express Ly-1 (CD5) and CD11b antigen, which are usually expressed in T cells and myeloid cells, respectively, reside mainly in the peritoneal and pleural cavities, and secrete natural IgM antibodies in a T cell-independent manner. B-1 cells are further categorized into CD5+ B-1a cells and CD5– B-1b cells. B-1 cells may develop through positive selection and secrete natural antibodies, including low-affinity-binding autoantibodies. Transplantation assays have revealed that the fetal liver, not the bone marrow (BM), is a major site for the production of B-1a cells, leading to the concept of a fetal origin for B-1a cells. This review introduces how the origin of B-1a cells has been explored, and describes the current state of knowledge gained through various approaches.
A bright future for KRAS inhibitors

KRAS mutations are among the most prevalent tumor drivers, but targeting them pharmacologically has been challenging. Recent landmark studies have demonstrated promising clinical results of KRASG12C inhibition by using small molecules. Bar-Sagi, and Knelson and Sequist provide their distinct perspectives on this recent tour de force in targeting KRASG12C alterations.
“WE’RE JUST SEPARATE FROM EVERYBODY”: Culture, Class, and the Racialization of Muslim Newcomer Youth

Recent scholarly work has explored the experiences of racialization among Muslim immigrants in the United States. Such work has challenged a static view of race strictly tied to phenotype by highlighting the significance of culture and religion to racial ascription as well as the varied ways individuals respond to their own racialized position. While valuable, much of this scholarship has analyzed the racialization of Muslim immigrants as it relates to Whiteness thereby neglecting their relationship with other racialized minorities such as African Americans. Moreover, such work has focused on culture and religion without discussing the role that social class plays in the process of racialization. This article seeks to address these gaps by drawing on ethnographic data gathered among a group of Muslim newcomer youth in an urban, multiracial high school in upstate New York. The findings presented here show how these youth are racialized along cultural and religious lines yet actively respond to this process in various ways. In addition, participants articulated racializing comments towards African Americans with significant class connotations. Despite the tensions between Muslim newcomers and African Americans, moments of solidarity were evident and drew attention to the potential for establishing cross-racial alliances.
Culturally Sustaining Leadership: Supporting the Resilience of Indigenous Students in the United States and Australia:

The purpose of this qualitative study was to gather the perspectives of educational leaders in the United States and Australia on strategies for transforming an almost exclusively Westernized curri...
Witness: lessons from Elie Wiesel’s classroom

The educational heritage of ancient India: how an ecosystem of learning was laid to waste, by S. Singh, pub. Notion Press, 2017, 66 pp., £7:69 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-947586-52-9 This might appear ...
Institutional Ambiguity and De Facto Tracking in STEM

Background/ContextMany schools no longer track classes to increase access to courses at all levels, including science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects. However, informal pr...
Parental Memorable Messages about Depression: Implications for Perceived Support, Stigma, Relational Satisfaction, and Treatment-Seeking among Young Adults with Depression.

Using a memorable message framework, we explored the content of parental memorable messages about depression and differences in perceptions of parental social support and stigma, relational satisfa...
Change and stasis in marine hybrid zones in response to climate warming

Aim We test the prediction that hybrid zones between warm- and cold-adapted species will move towards the territory formerly occupied by the cold-adapted species in response to a warming climate. We use multiple tests of this prediction to distinguish amongst potential mechanistic hypotheses of responses to climate change. Location We sampled 97 locations on the Atlantic coast of Spain and France and the English Channel that span three hybrid zones formed between two species of marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis and M. edulis). Methods Mussels were sampled in 2005–07 and analysed at a nuclear gene (Glu-5′) that is diagnostically differentiated between the subject species. Results were compared to those of studies made in the same region over the past two decades. Historical change in sea surface temperature (SST) was analysed using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Optimum Interpolation Daily SST. Species distribution models (random forest and maximum entropy) of the current distribution of mussels were constructed and validated by hindcasting the historical distributions of these species. Validated models were used in combination with forecasts of SST to predict changes in mussel distribution to 2050 and 2100. Results We show that over the past two decades two of the hybrid zones in France have not changed in either position or shape. The third hybrid zone, however, has shifted in the predicted direction, c. 100 km eastward into the warming English Channel. Species distribution modelling strongly implicates changes in winter cold SST as driving this change in the position of one of the hybrid zones. Forecasts of future SST indicate that rapid changes in distribution will occur over the next century. Main conclusions Hybrid zones can be used to conduct repeated tests of ecological responses to climate change and can be valuable in sorting among prospective mechanistic hypotheses that underlie that change. Winter temperatures, but not seasonal high temperature, appear to control the distribution of both species. Species distribution modelling indicates that the collapse of these hybrid zones is imminent, with the rapid expansion of the subtropical species in response to continuing SST warming.
Protein-Energy Malnutrition in Rats during Pregnancy Modifies the Effects of Caffeine on Fetal Bones

The mandibles and long bones of newborn rats were analyzed for the effects of maternal caffeine consumption and protein-energy malnutrition. On d 13 of gestation, dams were randomly picked and divided into four groups. Group 1 received a 20% protein diet ad libitum. Group 2 was pair-fed with group 1 a 20% protein diet with a caffeine supplement (2 mg/100 g body wt). Group 3 received a 6% protein diet ad libitum. Group 4 was pair-fed with group 3 a 6% protein diet with caffeine. Within 8 h of delivery, all pups were weighted. Randomly selected pups were injected with 14C proline to study collagen synthesis of bones. Other pups were injected with 45Ca to study mineralization of bones. Although the average litter size from the 20% protein groups with or without caffeine did not show much variation, fetal resorption and stillbirths were higher in litters from group 4 compared to those from group 3. The mandibular weights of pups from group 2 was less than those from group 1, whereas weight of long bones of those from group 4 was heavier. The rate of collagen synthesis and calcium content of the mandible of group 4 and 45Ca uptake of the mandible of groups 2 and 4 were greater than that of the corresponding noncaffeine group. The rate of collagen synthesis, hydroxyproline content, 45Ca uptake and calcium content of the long bones of groups 2 and 4 were greater than that of the noncaffeine groups. The findings suggest that nutritional factors and the effects of caffeine are closely interrelated in the growth and development of the fetus and bone in newborn rats.
IT Enabled Enterprise Transformation: Perspectives Using Product Data Management

Information and Communication technologies (ICT) have radically altered the way enterprises operate in today’s turbulent environment. They not only contribute in part to this environment through increased information availability to customers but also provide a means of ameliorating the uncertainty associated with a fast-clock speed operational environment by facilitating the integration of suppliers and partners across the enterprise. There are two aspects that need to be considered when an IT system is implemented across an enterprise: the ability of the system to meet current and future enterprise needs, and the ability of the enterprise to adapt to and leverage the capabilities of the implemented IT system. Both aspects have to be addressed synergistically to realize the benefits of the investment at the enterprise level.
Reflex responses to regional venous pooling during lower body negative pressure in humans

Halliwill, John R., Lori A. Lawler, Tamara J. Eickhoff, Michael J. Joyner, and Sharon L. Mulvagh. Reflex responses to regional venous pooling during lower body negative pressure in humans.J. Appl. ...
Weight Control and Breast Cancer Prevention: Are the Effects of Reduced Energy Intake Equivalent to Those of Increased Energy Expenditure?

Failure to prevent adult weight gain is associated with an elevated risk for breast cancer. In general, an increase in body weight is accounted for by excess energy intake relative to energy expenditure. Efforts to control weight gain usually involve either a reduction in energy intake via dietary energy restriction (DER), an increase in energy expenditure via physical activity (PA), or both. However, it is not clear whether preventing weight gain by DER, PA, or their combination has comparable effects on the risk for cancer. Results from preclinical models indicate that DER results in a highly reproducible and dose-dependent inhibition of experimentally induced breast cancer. PA also inhibits mammary carcinogenesis, but whether these effects depend on energy balance is not clear. Emerging evidence indicates that reduced levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 (IGF-1) and elevated levels of corticosterone may be involved in DER-mediated protection against cancer; however, conditions of PA reported to protect against cancer can actually increase circulating levels of IGF-1. Mechanistic studies have shown that DER inhibits cell proliferation, creates a proapoptotic environment, and reduces blood vessel density adjacent to premalignant and malignant mammary pathologies; comparable information is not available from preclinical studies of PA and carcinogenesis. Additional research is needed to investigate the equivalence of DER, PA, and their combination in breast cancer prevention under comparable conditions of energy balance.
Individual differences in the verbal coding of familiar visual stimuli.

Two experiments were performed both of which involved the same-different comparison of pairs of alphabet letters. “Same” reaction times were obtained for both physical matches (e.g., AA) and name matches (e.g., aA). The results of both experiments supported the hypothesis that individual subjects would differ with respect to whether or not they based their physical matches on a comparison of verbal codes. In Experiment I, subjects differed in the size of their reaction time difference between physical and name matches, and in Experiment II, individuals differed with respect to whether or not the frequency of usage of the letters affected their reaction time for physical matches. In both experiments, the individual differences in verbally coding physical matches were related to Hock’s (1973) individual differences distinction between subjects emphasizing analytic processes and subjects emphasizing structural processes.
The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA; a model involving recombination.

A model is described for the repair of induced double-strand breaks in DNA which involves a proposed heteroduplex intermediate and normally occurring repair enzymes. The model predicts that this repair can lead to non-reciprocal and/or reciprocal recombination. The evidence which has been evaluated from other studies indicates a clear correspondence between the production of double-strand breaks and the occurrence of intragenic recombinants. In addition, the model describes how enzymatically-induced double-strand breaks could initiate recombination without concomitant loss of chromosomal segments.
Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents – the next epidemic?

Objective: To provide an overview of the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents and provide direction for clinicians who care for children and adolescents.Research design and meth...
Dual-modulus frequency dividers with minimum gate count

A method for minimising the gate count in dual-modulus frequency dividers is presented. The gate count is minimised by identification of a set of Boolean equations with one type of Boolean operator only, using internal gates of D-flipflops to realise the Boolean functions. Circuit diagrams for divide-by-2/3 and divide-by-4/5 static frequency dividers are shown. The minimised circuits have higher speed and lower power consumption compared to conventional solutions because additional gates are not required.
Why social network analysis is important to Air Force applications

Social network analysis is a powerful tool used to help analysts discover relationships amongst groups of people as well as individuals. It is the mathematics behind such social networks as Facebook and MySpace. These networks alone cause a huge amount of data to be generated and the issue is only compounded once one adds in other electronic media such as e-mails and twitter. In this paper we outline the basics of social network analysis and how it may be used in current and future Air Force applications.