cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Network centrality, group density, and strength of social identification in college club sport teams.

Objective With the underlying rationale that social identification is related to psychological health and well-being, we aimed to understand how social connections and group structure within college club sport teams relate to students' perceptions of social identification. Method We sampled 852 student-athletes from 35 intact same-sex college club sport teams. Using social network analyses derived from teammates' reports of connections with one another (i.e., time spent outside of sport, and teammate friendships), we computed: outdegree centrality (i.e., self-reported connections with teammates), indegree centrality (i.e., nominations from others), and group-level density. Multilevel models were fit to test the relative effects of outdegree centrality, indegree centrality, and group-level team density on athletes' social identification strength. Results Outdegree centrality, indegree centrality, and team density were all positively related to the strength of athletes' social identification with their sport team. Examining model results step-by-step, incoming nominations of social connections (i.e., indegree) were associated with social identification beyond the effects of self-reported outdegree centrality. Furthermore, team-level density was significantly related to social identification after accounting for the individual-level effects of centrality. Conclusion Sport is a domain where participants can build social connections with peers, and sport groups offer a salient source for social identification. The current findings indicate that athletes who have greater social connections with teammates may form a stronger sense of social identification. Alongside theoretical contributions to a social identity approach to studying small groups, the current study highlights the utility of studying small groups using social network methodologies.
Dimensionless numbers to study cell wall deformation of stiff mutants of Phycomyces blakesleeanus

The sporangiophores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus are large cylindrical aerial cells that elongate vertically at rates between 10 μm/min and 60 μm/min. Wild-type sporangiophores grow toward light, opposed to gravitational acceleration and away from solid barriers (tropic responses). Sporangiophores of stiff mutants C149 and C216 exhibit diminished tropic (bending) responses. Originally, it was thought that the altered genes affect the "stiffness" (elastic wall deformation) of the cell wall. Subsequent investigations employing the pressure probe demonstrated that the irreversible (plastic) wall deformation was smaller for the stiff mutants compared to wild type and could account for the diminished tropic responses. However, it was not shown whether the elastic wall deformation was altered in these stiff mutants. Recent theoretical studies have identified dimensionless numbers that can be used to quantitate the magnitudes of biophysical processes involved in expansive growth of walled cells. In this study, dimensionless numbers are used to determine the magnitudes of elastic deformation rate, plastic deformation rate, and stress relaxation rate of the cell wall during expansive growth of the stiff mutant sporangiophores. It is found that the altered genes reduce stress relaxation rates and plastic deformation rates of the wall, but do not significantly alter the magnitude of the elastic deformation rates of the wall. These results indicate that the mutant genes reduce wall loosening chemistry in these sporangiophores and the genetic mutation is not expressed in a change in "wall stiffness," but in "wall viscosity" or "wall extensibility."
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians.

Abstract Introduction Rapid worldwide spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic. Objective This review article provides emergency physicians with an overview of the most current understanding of COVID-19 and recommendations on the evaluation and management of patients with suspected COVID-19. Discussion Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for causing COVID-19, is primarily transmitted from person-to-person through close contact (approximately 6 ft) by respiratory droplets. Symptoms of COVID-19 are similar to other viral upper respiratory illnesses. Three major trajectories include mild disease with upper respiratory symptoms, non-severe pneumonia, and severe pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Emergency physicians should focus on identifying patients at risk, isolating suspected patients, and informing hospital infection prevention and public health authorities. Patients with suspected COVID-19 should be asked to wear a facemask. Respiratory etiquette, hand washing, and personal protective equipment are recommended for all healthcare personnel caring for suspected cases. Disposition depends on patient symptoms, hemodynamic status, and patient ability to self-quarantine. Conclusion This narrative review provides clinicians with an updated approach to the evaluation and management of patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected COVID-19.
Chapter 6 – Fluid Flows

Details of fluid flow mechanisms are presented. Porosity and permeability considerations are introduced including the data requirements for quantitative estimations. The link between methane seepage and fluid flow characteristics is explained and details of evidence from seismic data analysis are given together with amplitude versus offset (AVO) modeling. The uncertainty analysis of the single bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) and double BSR (DBSR) is discussed in detail with real data examples from offshore USA and India. The hydrocarbon seepage-to-leakage mechanism is explained with seismic anisotropic modeling of real parameters and correlated with field data examples. The cold seep plumbing system, which includes structural elements such as source of the fluid, hydrocarbon venting structures, pockmarks, mud diapirs, seismic chimneys, and pipes, is discussed. The plumbing mechanism is explained with reference to structural fluid flow characteristics, including faults and fractures, and sedimentary fluid flow characteristics, including a discussion on mud volcanoes and sand injection. The complexity of the plumbing mechanism with its changing conduit system and associated geological structures is presented.
Trends in endoscopic and microscopic transsphenoidal surgery: a survey of the international society of pituitary surgeons between 2010 and 2020.

Purpose This comparative survey of surgical practice patterns between 2010 and 2020 aims to elicit trends in practice patterns for transsphenoidal surgery and to identify areas for improvement. Methods Web-based surveys were sent to the International Society of Pituitary Surgeons via a membership listserv in 2010 and 2020. These 33-item surveys collected information on demographics, surgical approach, perceived advantages and disadvantages, and recommendations for improvements. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Results There were 51 respondents in 2010 and 82 respondents in 2020. The majority were full-time academic surgeons from the United States or Europe. Preference for a purely endoscopic technique increased from 43% in 2010 to 87% in 2020. Preference for routinely working with an otolaryngologist or second neurosurgeon increased from 35 to 51%. Most surgeons (74%) reported that they were more likely to achieve a greater extent of resection with the endoscope, though 51% noted increased operating time. The most commonly rated advantage (34%) of endoscopic TSS was fewer postoperative nasoseptal perforations; the most commonly (34%) rated disadvantage was more postoperative complications, including cerebrospinal fluid leak. Respondents were divided on whether microscopic TSS should continue to be taught in residency. Many (32%) advocated for improved endoscopic instrumentation and team training. Conclusion Endoscopic TSS is now the clearly preferred method for surgery amongst a cohort of higher-volume academic neurosurgeons. This trend is likely to continue, and this provides guidelines for future training.
Luminescence properties of 5-Bromoindole in PVA films at room temperature: Direct triplet state excitation

Abstract We studied spectral properties of 5-Bromoindole (5-BrI) in poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film. The fluorescence of 5-BrI in PVA films is similar to indole in PVA film but strongly quenched compared to unsubstituted indole. The quantum yield of 5-BrI is only 0.0034 comparing to 0.26 of indole. In contrast, phosphorescence of 5-BrI in PVA is comparable to indole phosphorescence in magnitude and lifetime but its emission shifted towards longer wavelengths by 50 nm for a maximum at 530 nm. The phosphorescence of 5-BrI in PVA can be effectively excited at longer wavelengths (450–500 nm). The maximum of phosphorescence excitation spectrum of the 5-BrI in PVA is at about 480 nm. This direct excitation to the triplet state results in high positive phosphorescence anisotropy of 0.2. Although the S0 → T1 absorption transition is only about 800 fold weaker from the main 280 nm UV absorption band yielding measurable trace of absorption for 5-BrI in PVA film in the visible/blue range. We believe this is a first report of singlet-triplet absorption (S0 → T1) at room temperature, not involving external heavy atoms or oxygen presence. The comparison of phosphorescence of 5-BrI in PVA film to Rhodamine 6G in ethanol fluorescence allows us to estimate the phosphorescence quantum yield of 5-BrI in PVA to be ~0.02. We measured independently fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetimes and quantum yields as well as phosphorescence excitation spectrum across all wavelengths from UV to the visible range. These measurements were used to determine rate constants for all processes involved the in 5-BrI in PVA excited state deactivation.
Chiral compactifications of 6D superconformal theories

We construct chiral N=1 gauge theories in 4D by compactifying the 6D Blum–Intriligator (1,0) theories of 5-branes at Ak singularities on T2 with a nontrivial bundle of the global U(1) symmetry of these theories.
The Virtual Streptococcal Seminar Series and Trainee Symposium: Adaptations of a Research Community during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced academic research communities to develop online means of learning, networking, and engaging in new research. To allow increased interaction and engagement of the streptococcal research community during the COVID-19 shutdown, we organized the Virtual Streptococcal Seminar Series and Virtual Streptococcal Trainee Symposium and advertised via e-mail and social media outlets. The seminar series initially met weekly on Thursdays at 12 pm Eastern Daylight Time and transitioned to monthly seminars, while the trainee symposium spanned 3 days in September 2020. In this study, we analyzed seminar attendance data and online recording accesses from the first 20 seminars and found community engagement to be independent of speaker gender, career stage, geographic location, and organism of interest, with an average of 124 live attendees and 1,683 recording accesses per seminar. We also report attendance and speaker statistics from the 3-day Virtual Streptococcal Trainee Symposium, which hosted a total of 38 trainees from five continents presenting on Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus suis, oral streptococci, or Enterococcus faecalis. The Virtual Streptococcal Trainee Symposium averaged 119 live attendees per session, with a total of 220 unique attendees from six continents across the 3-day event. We conclude that while online platforms do not replace in-person conferences, the seminar and symposium successfully engaged the streptococcal research community and have provided a forum for scientific sharing during the COVID-19 crisis.
Short Iterative Lanczos Integration in Time-Dependent Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Theory.

A time-dependent (TD) formulation of equation-of-motion coupled-cluster (EOM-CC) theory can provide excited-state information over an arbitrarily wide energy window with a reduced memory footprint relative to conventional, frequency-domain EOM-CC theory. However, the floating-point costs of the time-integration required by TD-EOM-CC are generally far larger than those of the frequency-domain form of the approach. This work considers the potential of the short iterative Lanczos (SIL) integration scheme [J. Chem. Phys.1986, 85, 5870-5876] to reduce the floating-point costs of TD-EOM-CC simulations. Low-energy and K-edge absorption features for small molecules are evaluated using TD-EOM-CC with single and double excitations, with the time-integrations carried out via SIL and fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) schemes. Spectra derived from SIL- and RK4-driven simulations are nearly indistinguishable, and with an appropriately chosen subspace dimension, the SIL requires far fewer floating-point operations than are required by RK4. For K-edge spectra, SIL is the more efficient scheme by an average factor of 7.2.
Differentiating Upper Extremity Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection From Serious Cellulitis and Abscess.

Introduction Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) of the upper extremity (UE) is a rapidly progressing infection that requires early diagnosis and emergent treatment to decrease risks of loss of limb or life. Clinical presentation, particularly of early NSTI, can appear similar to serious cellulitis or abscess. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that are associated with NSTI rather than serious cellulitis and abscess to differentiate patients with similar clinical presentations. Methods This study uses a retrospective cohort design that compares patients ultimately diagnosed with UE NSTI versus those diagnosed with UE serious cellulitis or abscess. Cohorts were matched using the Laboratory Risk Indicators for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score in the setting of UE soft tissue infection. Laboratory values, vital signs, subjective symptoms, and social factors including substance abuse and domiciled status were recorded. Continuous variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, whereas categorical variables were compared using the chi-squared test or the Fisher exact test (for expected values less than 5). A binary logistic regression for continuous and categorical variables was also performed. Significance was set at p<0.05. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results Multivariate statistical analysis and clinical interpretation of data identified four factors more associated with a diagnosis of NSTI than serious cellulitis or abscess: elevated lactate on hospital presentation, a patient-reported history of fever, male gender, and homelessness. Conclusions In patients with upper extremity infections, the clinical presentation of NSTI and serious cellulitis or abscess may appear similar. In this retrospective cohort of patients matched with LRINEC scores, elevated lactate, subjective fever, male gender, and homelessness were significantly associated with NSTI rather than serious cellulitis or abscess.
Fundamental Statistical Limits in Genome-Wide Association Studies

This chapter focuses on an important application of high-dimensional testing and inference to statistical genetics. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) aim to discover the set of gene variants associated with a disease. In the simple case of marginal association studies, one typically considers 2-by-2 contingency tables and computes non-central chi-square-type statistics (one for each genetic location), where the non-centrality parameter plays the role of the signal. In this context, the support of the signal corresponds to the set of genetic locations associated with the disease. It is shown that all phase-transition results for the signal-plus-noise model discussed in Chap. 3 have their counterparts for the chi-square model. This leads to a first of its kind explanation of the observed power dichotomy in GWAS known as the “steep part of the power curve”. To clarify further the relationship between signal size and power, the chapter develops canonical parameterizations in terms of the marginal frequencies, odds ratio, and sample sizes. This leads to a simplified characterization of the power in GWAS and to further insights into optimal study design. These results are accompanied by an online R Shiny web application for power analysis in association studies.
Performing America’s Toughest Sheriff: media as practice in Joe Arpaio’s Old West

Joe Arpaio, or “America’s Toughest Sheriff,” uses hardline tactics that have won the hearts of conservative Republicans on the one hand and the condemnation of groups such as Amnesty International and the American Civil Liberties Union on the other. In order to legitimize his extreme tactics toward illegal immigration Joe mobilizes the media to create an identity for himself and his opposition. This performative act of the lawman and the careful construction of the modern day Wild West in which it is situated are used to cover up practices of cruelty, racism, and corruption. With this paper we explore how Joe Arpaio uses the media to produce and reify his own mythic image. Empirical facts and the “real” may not be as powerful as myth and media in a land where Phoenicians, (illegal) aliens, and coyotes (someone who traffics immigrants from Mexico to the United States in an illegal fashion) roam through the Valley of the Sun under the watchful eye of Sheriff Joe and his posse.
Thrombocytopenia in Children

Thrombocytopenia in children can be classified on the basis of understanding of the production, life span, and fate of platelets. Thrombocytopenia may be familial, associated with drug-ingestion as a result of immune mediated mechanisms, direct toxicity to circulating platelets, or injury to megakaryocytes, or associated with other disease states.
The Politics of Preservation: Courage and Reason in Socratic Citizenship

To act well politically requires us to have the courage of our convictions, to not abandon them under duress. Or does it? Perhaps instead, as Nietzsche insisted, it is a matter of having the courage to abandon our convictions or even attack them. In this paper, I want to explore the task of political judgment that courage requires by examining Plato’s ambiguous (or ambivalent) presentation of the relation between reason and courage. At the beginning of Bk 2 of the Republic, Socrates refers to Glaucon’s “characteristic courage” in refusing to abandon the argument about justice. But what kind of courage is this, and what kind of fear? The contrast (in Bk 4 of the Republic) is between preserving “correct and law-inculcated belief[s]” and preserving the declarations of reason. This may seem an obviously Platonic distinction – but I argue that it is a distinction that is problematized by Plato’s own dramatization of the insufficiencies of reason. What then is the fear to which courage-as-preservation responds? And what sort of courage do Socrates’ own paradoxical commitments require? How can his readers make sense of the fact that Plato both insists on the priority of reason and also goes out of his way to underscore the faith-like quality of that insistence? Thinking through these questions does not give us any neat answers about when a steadfast commitment is required and when a critical abandonment. However, I hope such an examination can help us think about the kind of task political judgment is, what should be scary about it, and what we need to preserve as we engage that task and that fear.
Gagged and Bound: Sex Education, Secondary Virginity, and the Welfare Reform Act

“The girls who laughed at me in high school because I was a virgin...are now working at a Kmart counter....When people say to me, ‘You’ve missed something,’ I say, ‘Yeah, I missed worrying about being pregnant and getting some STD and...dying of AIDS.” In this essay, I first look at welfare reform and the history of federally funded abstinence education to reveal how they oppose normative sex and responsibility with representations of single, black, teenage mothers and irresponsibility, and how policies use this dualism to undergird sex education. Then, I examine contradictions in the curricula which emphasize personal choice and responsibility over an examination of social factors encouraging teen pregnancy, some of which are policy-generated themselves. Finally, I look at related social dynamics that lead girls to view sexuality negatively and that encourage them to embrace secondary virginity.
Trends in retail clinic use among the commercially insured.

Objective To describe trends in retail clinic usage among commercially insured patients and to identify which patient characteristics predict retail clinic use
Playing to the Home Crowd? Symbolic Use of Economic Sanctions in the United States

Why do we observe economic sanctions despite strong doubts regarding their effectiveness? While the symbolic use of sanctions is advanced as an alternative to the instrumental use explanation, no one has assessed this alternative explanation empirically. I investigate the symbolic use of sanctions for domestic political gain in the United States, assessing in particular the effect of sanctions imposition on US presidential approval ratings. Findings suggest that policymakers benefit from imposing sanctions through increased domestic support. This domestic political gain can present policymakers with an incentive to use sanctions as a low-cost way of displaying strong leadership during international conflicts.
Power components for the space station 20-kHz power distribution system

Since 1984, NASA Lewis Research Center was developing high power, high frequency space power components as part of The Space Station Advanced Development program. The purpose of the Advanced Development program was to accelerate existing component programs to ensure their availability for use on the Space Station. These components include a rotary power transfer device, remote power controllers, remote bus isolators, high power semiconductor, a high power semiconductor package, high frequency-high power cable, high frequency-high power connectors, and high frequency-high power transformers. All the components were developed to the prototype level and will be installed in the Lewis Research Center Space Station power system test bed.
Outcomes of Heart Transplant After Left Ventricular Assist Device Specific and Related Infection

Background Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) infections including drivelines, pump pockets, and bacteremia are difficult to manage and conservative treatments may not be effective as the infected foreign material remains. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of all 170 HeartMate II (Thoratec, Pleasanton, CA) implantations as bridge to transplant (BTT) between 2004 and 2012 at our institution. Sixty-one patients (36%) developed a culture positive driveline infection, pump pocket infection, bacteremia, or a combination of these. Twenty-six out of 61 patients with an infection and 49 out of 109 patients without an infection went on to receive a heart transplant. Results The 1- and 3-year freedom from LVAD infection was 60% and 32%, respectively. While early infection tends to first present as driveline infections, late infections tend to present initially as bacteremia. The 1-year likelihood of receiving a transplant in the patients with an LVAD infection group was 37%, compared with 43% in patients without an infection ( p = 0.36). One-year survival to transplantation was 76% in patients with LVAD infection compared with 81% without ( p = 0.33). The 1- and 3-year posttransplant survival in patients with a LVAD infection was 96% and 91%, respectively, compared with 92% and 88% in patients without an infection ( p = 0.48) . Conclusions In this nonmatched cohort of LVAD patients with and without infection, selected patients with controlled LVAD infection have an equal chance of getting transplanted with excellent early and late post-transplant survival.
The standard error of the magnitude-frequency b value

Estimated b values in log N = a − bM are widely used in seismicity comparisons and risk analysis, but uncertainties have been little explored. In this paper, the usual F probability density distribution for b is given and compared with an asymptotic form for temporally varying b . Convenient tables for the standard error of b are given that allow statistical tests to accompany investigations of both temporal and spatial variations of b . With large samples and slow temporal changes in b , the standard error of b is σ ( b ^ ) = 2.30 b 2 σ ( M _ ) , where σ 2 ( M _ ) = ∑ i − 1 n ( M i − M _ ) 2 / n ( n − 1 ) . In an example from central California, stable estimates of b require a space-time window containing about 100 earthquakes. From 1952 to 1978, the average b and 90 per cent confidence limits are 0.95 (+0.94, −0.30). Some fluctuations of b are statistically significant but some are not. Within 90 per cent confidence limits, b changes from a low of 0.60 (+0.11, −0.09) in 1955 to a high of 1.39 (+0.25, −0.21) in 1967 and drops to 0.72 (+0.13, −0.10) in 1975. In this example, no correlation between large earthquakes ( M > 5) and b variations occurred.
Projecting Technology Change to Improve Legacy System Support Strategies

Planning for the maintenance and sustainability of legacy systems often involves attempting to time the obsolescence of a component or a system of components. Serious questions arise, such as: When will critical parts no longer be available? Will the next-generation technology replacing the current technology have a serious impact on system maintenance, repair, operation, or performance? When will software systems no longer be supported? These questions, if not outright overlooked, are often answered using qualitative information, such as expert opinions, market forecasts, or supplier assurances. However, reliable quantitative methods have been developed that project the growth and diffusion of technology in time, including projecting technology substitutions, saturation levels, and performance improvements. These quantitative technology forecasts can be applied at the early, mid-life, and even end-life stages of Navy technology platforms to better plan legacy system maintenance and sustainability strategies. In practice, a quantitative technology forecast is completed to ascertain the time in the future when a technology trajectory would have a significant impact on the sustainability of a legacy technology, system, or platform. Such future projections provide reliable time-referenced information when considering cost and resource requirement trade-off strategies to maintain or replace a component or system. This paper introduces various quantitative technology forecasting techniques and illustrates their practical applications toward considering legacy system support strategies.
Cyclodextrin‐Mediated Enantiomeric Separation of Chiral Dihydrofuroflavones, a Class of Compounds with Promising Pharmacological Activity

Abstract Reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography was utilized for the enantioseparation of 16 racemic dihydrofuroflavones. The separations were performed with chiral stationary phases (CSPs) using cyclodextrin‐based chiral selectors. The structural characteristics of the dihydrofuroflavones are discussed in conjunction with the observed enantioselectivity and resolution. Overall, 13 of the 16 dihydrofuroflavone analytes were baseline resolved (Rs > 1.5) on at least one of the cyclodextrin‐based CSPs. The hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (Cyclobond I RSP) phase is the most effective CSP for the enantioseparations of these dihydrofuroflavones. This CSP shows some enantioselectivity for 14 dihydrofuroflavones, and baseline separates 8 of the 16 compounds in the reversed phase mode. The 2,3‐dimethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin CSP also performed well, baseline separating 5 of the 16 analytes in the reversed phase mode. Additionally, the polar organic mode and the normal phase mode were evaluated with native and ...
Hospital volume and surgical outcomes after elective hip/knee arthroplasty: A risk‐adjusted analysis of a large regional database

Objective To examine the relationship between hospital procedure volume and surgical outcomes following elective primary total hip arthroplasty/total knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA). Methods Using the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council database, we identified all patients who underwent elective primary THA/TKA in Pennsylvania. Hospitals were categorized according to the annual volume of THA/TKA procedures, as follows: ≤25, 26–100, 101–200, and >200. The 30-day complication rate and 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were assessed by logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race, insurance type, hospital region, 3M All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Group risk of mortality score, hospital teaching status, and bed count. Results In the THA and TKA cohorts, the mean age of the patients was 69 years, and 42.8% and 35%, respectively, were men. Compared with patients whose surgeries were performed at very-high-volume hospitals (>200 procedures/year), patients who underwent elective primary THA procedures at hospitals with a very low volume (≤25 procedures/year), a low volume (26–100 procedures/year), or a high volume (101–200 procedures/year) had higher multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for venous thromboembolism (OR 2.0, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.2–16.0), OR 3.4 [95% CI 1.4–8.0], and OR 1.1 [95% CI 0.3–3.7], respectively) and 1-year mortality (OR 2.1 [95% CI 1.2–3.6], OR 2.0 [95% CI 1.4–2.9], and OR 1.0 [95% CI 0.7–1.5], respectively). Among patients ages ≥65 years who underwent elective primary TKA at very-low-volume, low-volume, and high-volume hospitals, the ORs for 1-year mortality were significantly higher (OR 0.6 [95% CI 0.2–2.1], OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.0–2.4], and OR 0.9 [95% CI 0.6–1.3], respectively), compared with very-high-volume hospitals. Conclusion Performance of elective primary THA and TKA surgeries in low-volume hospitals was associated with a higher risk of venous thromboembolism and mortality. Confounding due to unmeasured variables is possible. Modifiable system-based factors/processes should be targeted to reduce the number of complications associated with THA/TKA procedures.
Temperature tolerances and upper lethal limits of Salmo Apache

Abstract Fingerlings of the endangered trout species Salmo apache Miller were subjected to increasing temperatures to determine upper lethal temperature limits. Most fish refused to take food at temperatures above 20 C. Equilibrium loss occurred between 21.2 C and 22.3 C. Death occurred when temperatures exceeded 23 C.
Physical characterization of TRK-720 hydrate, the very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) inhibitor, as a solid form for inhalation: Preparation of the hydrate by solvent exchange among its solvates and mechanistical considerations

ABSTRACT TRK-720 has been under development as a dry powder inhaler (DPI) for treating bronchial asthma. DPI is a drug formulation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) supported by carrier particles. On inhalation, the API particles dissociate from the carriers through physical stimulation and reach the lung through the humid upper airways, therefore, the API has to remain physically and chemically stable despite contact with carriers and low relative humidity. Also it should be pulverized into an appropriate size (1–10 μm) for reaching the target region. To fulfill these requirements, API in crystal form is needed. Polymorphic screening using 42 solvents produced 9 solvates but not the target hydrate or ansolvate crystal. When the solvent was removed from each solvate, only methanolate could reproducibly be converted into hydrate by water vapor substitution. As the hydrate satisfied the above requirements for DPI, it was selected as a solid form for development. Also, the results of single crystal X-ray structural analyses and calculations of crystal packing energies, for five of the solvates, indicated that only the methanolate can be converted into the hydrate through solvent substitution. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99:3986–4004, 2010
The 1980 House Elections: Re-examining Some Theories in a Republican Year

This paper uses data from the 1980 CPS National Election Study to evaluate the findings of researchers who have used the 1978 CPS National Election Study, and to examine the nature of the Republican House gains in 1980. Our analysis shows a high degree of policy-oriented voting in 1980, as well as substantial retrospective voting. Some (somewhat ambiguous) evidence indicates a significant effect for the perquisites of the congressional office. Challengers' campaign spending had a large effect, with Republican spending being large in magnitude and well targeted against the most vulnerable Democrats.
Perceptions of communication and education about sexuality among Muslim immigrant girls in the US

This research explored how Muslim immigrant girls' communication and education about sexuality was mediated through their mothers and school‐based sexuality education (SBSE) classes. Thirty mothers and their 38 daughters living in Illinois participated in focus group discussions and individual semi‐structured interviews that gauged girls' and mothers' perceptions regarding communication about sexuality and SBSE. Thematic analysis showed that little communication regarding sexuality happened between mothers and daughters, and that which did occur was confined primarily to the risks premarital sexual relationships posed to the social order. Furthermore, participants reported that although SBSE classes were informative, they perceived that these classes marginalized Muslim girls' experiences and decisions to abstain from premarital sex by primarily emphasizing prevention from sexually transmitted infections and diseases. Given these perceptions, some participants opted not to attend SBSE classes. This resear...
γ-Secretase Processing and Effects of γ-Secretase Inhibitors and Modulators on Long Aβ Peptides in Cells

Understanding how different species of Aβ are generated by γ-secretase cleavage has broad therapeutic implications, because shifts in γ-secretase processing that increase the relative production of Aβx-42/43 can initiate a pathological cascade, resulting in Alzheimer disease. We have explored the sequential stepwise γ-secretase cleavage model in cells. Eighteen BRI2-Aβ fusion protein expression constructs designed to generate peptides from Aβ1–38 to Aβ1–55 and C99 (CTFβ) were transfected into cells, and Aβ production was assessed. Secreted and cell-associated Aβ were detected using ELISA and immunoprecipitation MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Aβ peptides from 1–38 to 1–55 were readily detected in the cells and as soluble full-length Aβ proteins in the media. Aβ peptides longer than Aβ1–48 were efficiently cleaved by γ-secretase and produced varying ratios of Aβ1–40:Aβ1–42. γ-Secretase cleavage of Aβ1–51 resulted in much higher levels of Aβ1–42 than any other long Aβ peptides, but the processing of Aβ1–51 was heterogeneous with significant amounts of shorter Aβs, including Aβ1–40, produced. Two PSEN1 variants altered Aβ1–42 production from Aβ1–51 but not Aβ1–49. Unexpectedly, long Aβ peptide substrates such as Aβ1–49 showed reduced sensitivity to inhibition by γ-secretase inhibitors. In contrast, long Aβ substrates showed little differential sensitivity to multiple γ-secretase modulators. Although these studies further support the sequential γ-secretase cleavage model, they confirm that in cells the initial γ-secretase cleavage does not precisely define subsequent product lines. These studies also raise interesting issues about the solubility and detection of long Aβ, as well as the use of truncated substrates for assessing relative potency of γ-secretase inhibitors.
Relative visual saliency differences induce sizable bias in consumer choice

Abstract Consumers often need to make very rapid choices among multiple brands (e.g., at a supermarket shelf) that differ both in their reward value (e.g., taste) and in their visual properties (e.g., color and brightness of the packaging). Since the visual properties of stimuli are known to influence visual attention, and attention is known to influence choices, this gives rise to a potential visual saliency bias in choices. We utilize experimental design from visual neuroscience in three real food choice experiments to measure the size of the visual saliency bias and how it changes with decision speed and cognitive load. Our results show that at rapid decision speeds visual saliency influences choices more than preferences do, that the bias increases with cognitive load, and that it is particularly strong when individuals do not have strong preferences among the options.
Shear waves in inhomogeneous, compressible fluids in a gravity field

While elastic solids support compressional and shear waves, waves in ideal compressible fluids are usually thought of as compressional waves. Here, a class of acoustic-gravity waves is studied in which the dilatation is identically zero, and the pressure and density remain constant in each fluid particle. These shear waves are described by an exact analytic solution of linearized hydrodynamics equations in inhomogeneous, quiescent, inviscid, compressible fluids with piecewise continuous parameters in a uniform gravity field. It is demonstrated that the shear acoustic-gravity waves also can be supported by moving fluids as well as quiescent, viscous fluids with and without thermal conductivity. Excitation of a shear-wave normal mode by a point source and the normal mode distortion in realistic environmental models are considered. The shear acoustic-gravity waves are likely to play a significant role in coupling wave processes in the ocean and atmosphere.
Academic libraries and collection development implications for grey literature

The proliferation of grey literature in all subject areas poses great challenges, concerns and responsibilities for libraries. This article examines the major issues most germane to the acquisition and collection development aspects of grey literature and providing access to it in library collections. With increasing academic and scholarly value placed in the grey literature as an original and primary source for information, many collection development policies are beginning to include grey literature as a body of information equally as important as monographs, serials, data files, special collections, manuscripts, maps and other resources in research collections. In the three years since this article was composed and delivered, there were several major developments in scholarly communication and publishing, each benefiting grey literature greatly. The most paramount was the increase in self-publishing via the World Wide Web (WWW), which scholarly, professional, and commercial publishing venues adopted as their platform of choice. For grey literature, this has been a most exciting migration, with the most enhanced searching capabilities currently available for grey literature, plus the ability to integrate formats and various datasets.
High-K alkali basalts of the Western Snake River Plain (Idaho): Abrupt transition from tholeiitic to mildly alkaline plume-derived basalts

Abstract Basaltic volcanism in the western Snake River Plain underwent an abrupt change circa ~ 700 ka to 900 ka, from low-K tholeiitic basalt and ferrobasalt to high-K transitional alkali basalt. The low-K tholeiitic basalts share major element, trace element, and isotopic characteristics with olivine tholeiites of the eastern Snake River Plain, and must have been derived by similar processes from similar sources. In contrast, the younger high-K alkali basalts share major element, trace element, and isotopic characteristics with plume-derived alkali basalts of ocean islands suites like Hawaii. We conclude that this abrupt transition reflects either or both the erosion of pre-existing mantle lithosphere in the wake of the Yellowstone–Snake River plume, or the depletion of this lithosphere in fusible components so that it no longer contributed to the overall mass flux of magma. The abruptness of the transition implies that it may have a catastrophic origin, such as lithospheric delamination caused by a Rayleigh–Taylor instability beneath the Idaho batholith.
The “normal planetary” noble gas component in primitive chondrites: Compositions, carrier, and metamorphic history

Abstract In order to study the characteristics of P1, the dominant “normal planetary” noble gas component in chondrites, we prepared HF HCl residues for fourteen chondrites from seven chondrite classes. We chose relatively unmetamorphosed meteorites to study the primary characteristics of the P1 component, but we also selected meteorites covering a range of petrologic types to study the effects of mild metamorphism on the P1 component. The noble gases from each residue were measured by stepped pyrolysis. Data from the Orgueil (CI), Semarkona (LL3.0), Bishunpur (LL3.1), and Krymka (LL3.1) residues were used to derive precise compositions for Ar-P1, Kr-P l, and Xe-P1. Our compositions differ only slightly from those obtained by closed-system chemical oxidation of HF HCl residues (Wieler et al., 1991, 1992), which indicates that the compositions are now reasonably well known. The isotopic compositions of P1 gases are similar to, but distinct from, those of the low-temperature P3 component in presolar diamonds. By comparing the characteristics and compositions of P1 gases and their carrier from meteorites with different metamorphic histories, we found several systematic trends. With increasing metamorphic grade, P1 abundance decreases, median release temperature increases, the isotopic composition evolves as gases from other carriers are retrapped into the P1 carrier, the elemental ratios change slightly, and the P1 carrier becomes more resistant to chemical oxidation. Some small systematic differences were also observed between unmetamorphosed meteorites of different classes, including lower matrix-normalized PI abundances in EH and CV chondrites compared to Orgueil and the unequilibrated ordinary chondrites, and small differences in elemental ratios between classes. Some of the differences between classes may reflect thermal processing of the P1 carrier and associated material in the accretion disk. Our observations indicate that the characteristics of the P1 noble-gas component, in most if not all meteorites, no longer exclusively reflect the processes that originally trapped the gases into their carrier.
Effects of spontaneous emission rates on lasing characteristics of long-wavelength (1.3 mm) GaAs-based quantum dot lasers

Data are presented characterizing the spectral emission and electroluminescence efficiency dependence on temperature of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots that result in 1.3 µm lasing at room temperature. Efficient ground state emission is achieved at 80K, but the spontaneous efficiency decreases with increasing temperatures. The ground state spectral width is 26 meV at 80K and 31 meV at 300K. Ground state lasing is obtained over a wide range of temperatures, with an ultralow threshold current density of 14 A/cm2 obtained at 80K.
Metabolites of haloperidol display preferential activity at σ receptors compared to dopamine D-2 receptors

Haloperidol bound with equal affinity to sigma and dopamine D-2 receptors (KI = 2.8 nM). Compared to haloperidol, its carbonyl-reduced metabolite bound to sigma receptors with nearly equal affinity. However, reduced haloperidol bound to dopamine receptors with 85-fold lower affinity compared to haloperidol (KI = 239 nM). The chlorophenyl-hydroxy-piperidine metabolite of haloperidol lacked affinity for dopamine receptors, but bound with moderate affinity to sigma receptors (KI = 326 nM). The carboxylic acid metabolite lacked affinity for either receptor. Like haloperidol, (+)-pentazocine, and 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine, reduced haloperidol potently inhibited the phosphoinositide response to muscarinic agonists in rat brain synaptoneurosomes, an assay which monitors sigma agonist activity. This metabolite also produced a dystonic alteration of head position in rats when microinjected into the red nucleus. However, unlike observations with haloperidol and other sigma ligands, this effect was associated with pathological changes in the red nucleus. Therefore, it cannot be attributed to sigma receptor interactions with certainty. These findings suggest that administration of haloperidol results initially in effects mediated through both dopamine and sigma receptors, but as metabolism proceeds the sigma actions would be expected to decline at a significantly slower rate than the dopaminergic actions.
Role of the olfactory sensory system in the detection of X-rays by the rhesus monkey ☆

Abstract The effect of bilateral sectioning the olfactory tracts of the rhesus monkey on the detection of X-rays was studied. Immediate behavioral detection using the conditioned suppression technique was demonstrated in 7 rhesus monkeys, and dose rate detection thresholds were determined for 4 of the subjects. The olfactory tracts of 5 experimental subjects were lesioned and 2 subjects served as surgical controls. Post-surgery behavioral testing demonstrated that complete bilateral sectioning of the olfactory tracts eliminated detection of X-rays. The detection behavior of the control subjects remained unchanged. When part of one olfactory tract remained intact, detection was observed, but the dose rate detection threshold was less sensitive.
Efficient estimation of the heart period power spectrum suitable for physiologic or pharmacologic studies.

Abstract The standard deviation of the normal RR intervals (SDNN) computed over 24 hours predicts mortality after myocardial infarction. 1 The power spectrum of heart period or of instantaneous heart rate, calculated over intervals of 2 to 15 minutes, is used to assess autonomie nervous system activity: Energy in the 0.04- to 0.15-Hz band reflects both parasympathetic and sympathetic activity, and energy in the 0.15- to 0.40-Hz band reflects pure parasympathetic activity. 2 The prognostic significance of 24-hour SDNN has stimulated interest in computing heart period power spectra for 24-hour periods. Previous computational approaches to the 24-hour heart rate power spectrum used the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to analyze the entire 24-hour period in toto. 3,4 We report a practical approach for computing heart period or heart rate power spectra over 24-hour periods by analyzing the data in 5-minute segments. This approach has the advantages of permitting physiologic and pharmacologic studies and requiring fewer assumptions in dealing with "noisy" or arrhythmic segments.
We got our act together and took it on the road.

(1982). We Got Our Act Together and Took it on the Road. Journal of American College Health: Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 92-93.
Ferromagnetic resonance condition and powder pattern analysis for dilute, spherical, single-domain particles of cubic crystal structure

Abstract A resonance condition containing the anisotropy parameters K1 K2, and K3 is presented and tested as a means of generating FUR powder patterns for dilute suspensions of spherical, single-domain magnetic particles of cubic crystal structure.
The effect of crystallographic orientation on fatigue and fretting-initiated fatigue of copper single crystals

Abstract The effect of varying the crystallographic orientation of copper single crystals on their fatigue and fretting-initiated fatigue behavior was studied. Single crystal fatigue specimens were tested under both uniaxial fatigue loading and uniaxial fatigue loading with superimposed fretting. The results show the extreme degree of anisotropy of the individual grains and the strong dependence of both fatigue life and fretting-fatigue life on crystallographic orientation and they help to provide a base on which further models can be built, in order to understand the complexities involved in polycrystalline materials. It is suggested that surface deformation characteristics, slip mode and slip character are extremely important variables in the frettingfatigue process.