cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early Childhood Teachers' and Staff Members' Perceptions of Nutrition and Physical Activity Practices for Preschoolers

Child care teachers and staff are important influences on preschoolers' nutrition and physical activity habits, and their views may be influenced by education level, years of field experience, and program involvement. For the 360 participants surveyed, responses on 5 of 18 survey items significantly differed by education level (e.g., less education led to more agreement about difficulty with foods at school). Years of field experience significantly differed on three items, such as less experience led to agreeing that government guidelines were helpful. Perceptions significantly differed between Head Start and other programs' staff on two items about food and activity school practices. Following the survey, 32 Head Start professionals participated in focus groups, yielding 16 main ideas among three broad themes involving teachers' roles, perceptions, and strategies concerning nutrition and physical activity practices. Roles revolved around use of Head Start guidelines and checklists. Perceptions included (...
The WTX Tumor Suppressor Interacts with the Transcriptional Corepressor TRIM28

WTX encodes a tumor suppressor implicated in the pediatric kidney cancer Wilms tumor and in mesenchymal differentiation with potentially distinct functions in the cytoplasm, at the plasma membrane, and in the nucleus. Although modulating components of the WNT signaling pathway is a proposed function for cytoplasmic and membrane-bound WTX, its nuclear properties are not well understood. Here we report that the transcriptional corepressor TRIM28 is the major binding partner for nuclear WTX. WTX interacted with the coiled coil domain of TRIM28 required for its binding to Kruppel-associated box domains of transcription factors and for its chromatin recruitment through its own coiled coil and proline-rich domains. Knockdown of endogenous WTX reduced the recruitment of TRIM28 to a chromatinized reporter sequence and its ability to repress a target transcript. In mouse embryonic stem cells where TRIM28 plays a major role in repressing endogenous retroviruses and long interspersed elements, knockdown of either TRIM28 or WTX combined with single molecule RNA sequencing revealed a highly significant shared set of differentially regulated transcripts, including derepression of non-coding repetitive sequences and their neighboring protein encoding genes (p Background: The Wilms tumor suppressor WTX localizes to both nucleus and cytoplasm, but its nuclear function is not understood. Results: Nuclear WTX co-immunoprecipitates with the transcriptional corepressor TRIM28, modulating its chromatin binding and coregulating the expression of DNA repeat elements. Conclusion: WTX contributes to silencing of heterochromatic repeats. Significance: WTX may modulate tumorigenesis and cell differentiation in part through its effect on chromatin regulation.
Compliance in the foot-in-the-door technique as a function of issue similarity and persuasion

We tested 2 alternative explanations for the foot-in-the-door phenomenon, predicting that agreement to a small request would lead to greater compliance with a large request only when the initial and final requests were concerned with the same issue. It was also predicted that there would be no difference in compliance with the large request between the dissimilar and similar conditions. It was found that the issue similarity variable had no effect on compliance. However, within the similar issue condition there was a cumulative effect of persuasive message and small request.
Epigenetics and its implications for behavioral neuroendocrinology

Individuals vary in their sociosexual behaviors and reactivity. How the organism interacts with the environment to produce this variation has been a focus in psychology since its inception as a scientific discipline. There is now no question that cumulative experiences throughout life history interact with genetic predispositions to shape the individual's behavior. Recent evidence suggests that events in past generations may also influence how an individual responds to events in their own life history. Epigenetics is the study of how the environment can affect the genome of the individual during its development as well as the development of its descendants, all without changing the DNA sequence. Several distinctions must be made if this research is to become a staple in behavioral neuroendocrinology. The first distinction concerns perspective, and the need to distinguish and appreciate, the differences between Molecular versus Molar epigenetics. Each has its own lineage of investigation, yet both appear to be unaware of one another. Second, it is important to distinguish the difference between Context-Dependent versus Germline-Dependent epigenetic modifications. In essence the difference is one of the mechanism of heritability or transmission within, as apposed to across, generations. This review illustrates these distinctions while describing several rodent models that have shown particular promise for unraveling the contribution of genetics and the environment on sociosexual behavior. The first focuses on genetically-modified mice and makes the point that the early litter environment alters subsequent brain activity and behavior. This work emphasizes the need to understand behavioral development when doing research with such animals. The second focuses on a new rat model in which the epigenome is permanently imprinted, an effect that crosses generations to impact the descendants without further exposure to the precipitating agent. This work raises the question of how events in generations past can have consequences at both the mechanistic, behavioral, and ultimately evolutionary levels.
Mechanism for allosteric inhibition of an ATP-sensitive ribozyme

We report the structural basis for the modulation of an ATP-sensitive ribozyme that was engineered by modular rational design. This allosteric ribozyme is composed of two independently functioning domains, one a receptor for ATP and the other a self-cleaving ribozyme. When fused in the appropriate fashion, the conjoined aptamer-ribozyme construct functions as an allosteric ribozyme that is inhibited in the presence of ATP. The aptamer domain remains conformationally heterogeneous in the absence of ATP, but folds into a distinct structure upon ligand binding. This ATP-induced conformational change causes a reduction in catalytic activity of the adjacent ribozyme domain due to steric interference between the aptamer and ribozyme tertiary structures. This mechanism for structural and functional modulation of nucleic acids is one of several possible mechanisms by which the function of ribozymes could be specifically controlled by small effector molecules.
Spectral mixing in nervous systems : Experimental evidence and biologically plausible circuits

The ability to compute the difference frequency for two periodic signals depends on a nonlinear operation that mixes those signals. Behavioral and psychophysical evidence suggest that such mixing is likely to occur in the vertebrate nervous system as a means to compare rhythmic sensory signals, such as occurs in human audition, and as a means to lock an intrinsic rhythm to a sensory input. Electrophysiological data from electroreceptors in the immobilized electric fish and somatosensory cortex in the anesthetized rat yield direct evidence for such mixing, providing a neurological substrate for the modulation and demodulation of rhythmic neuronal signals. We consider an analytical model of spectral mixing that makes use of the threshold characteristics of neuronal firing and which has features consistent with the experimental observations. This model serves as a guide for constructing circuits that isolate given mixture components. In particular, such circuits can generate nearly pure difference tones from sinusoidal inputs without the use of band-pass filters, in analogy to an image-reject mixer in communications engineering. We speculate that such computations may play a role in coding of sensory input and feedback stabilization of motor output in nervous systems.
The Planetary- and Synoptic-Scale Interactions in a Southeast Pacific Blocking Episode Using PV Diagnostics

Abstract The synoptic- and planetary-scale forcing in two blocking anticyclones occurring over the southeast Pacific Ocean was examined using potential vorticity diagnostics. While many studies have examined the dynamic and thermodynamic forcing associated with blocking events in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), very few studies have examined blocking in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Climatological analysis suggests SH blocking events in the Pacific region have similar characteristics to their NH counterparts. However, the occurrence of blocking is rare elsewhere in the SH, and these events are relatively short-lived. Some studies of NH blocking dynamics have also shown that the extent to which the planetary- and synoptic-scale and planetary–synoptic-scale interaction forcing that contribute to the genesis and maintenance of Pacific and Atlantic region events can be different. Thus, a study of the relevant atmospheric dynamics associated with blocking events in the SH was carried out in order to determine wh...
Telephone and in-person cognitive behavioral therapy for major depression after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, there is a lack of evidence regarding effective treatment approaches. We conducted a choice-stratified randomized controlled trial in 100 adults with MDD within 10 years of complicated mild to severe TBI to test the effectiveness of brief cognitive behavioral therapy administered over the telephone (CBT-T) (n=40) or in-person (CBT-IP) (n=18), compared with usual care (UC) (n=42). Participants were recruited from clinical and community settings throughout the United States. The main outcomes were change in depression severity on the clinician-rated 17 item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and the patient-reported Symptom Checklist-20 (SCL-20) over 16 weeks. There was no significant difference between the combined CBT and UC groups over 16 weeks on the HAMD-17 (treatment effect=1.2, 95% CI: −1.5–4.0; p=0.37) and a nonsignificant trend favoring CBT on the SCL-20 (treatment effect=0.28, 95% CI: −0.03–0...
Selling with Binding Reservations in the Presence of Strategic Consumers

We analyze a revenue management problem in which a seller endowed with an initial inventory operates a selling with binding reservations scheme. Upon arrival, each consumer, trying to maximize his own utility, must decide either to buy at the full price and get the item immediately or to place a nonwithdrawable reservation at a discount price and wait until the end of the sales season where the leftover units are allocated according to first-come-first-serve priority. We prove the existence of an equilibrium consumer's strategy in this game and develop a simple and accurate asymptotic approximation for it. Through an extensive numerical study, we find that our proposed mechanism delivers higher revenues than the markdown practice with a preannounced fixed discount. The benefit is more emphasized when the seller is more patient than the consumers and (1) the ratio between the number of units put up for sale and the expected demand is moderate and/or (2) the heterogeneity of the consumers' valuations is moderate to high. In our numerical experiments, the revenue gap can reach more than 12%, which is quite significant for retail businesses that typically operate with narrow margins.
"We were always re-organizing...": some crisis management implications of the Exxon Valdez oil spill:

The confusion and conflict surrounding the evolution of the Exxon Valdez spill response organization are described. The organizational impacts of post Exxon Valdez initiatives are identified and a ...
Enchantment and Disenchantment: The Role of Community in Natural Resource Conservation

Summary. — The poor conservation outcomes that followed decades of intrusive resource management strategies and planned development have forced policy makers and scholars to reconsider the role of community in resource use and conservation. In a break from previous work on development which considered communities a hindrance to progressive social change, current writings champion the role of community in bringing about decentralization, meaningful participation, and conservation. But despite its recent popularity, the concept of community is rarely defined or carefully examined by those concerned with resource use and management. We seek to redress this omission by investigating ‘‘community’’ in work concerning resource conservation and management. We explore the conceptual origins of the community, and the ways the term has been deployed in writings on resource use. We then analyze those aspects of community most important to advocates for community’s role in resource management — community as a small spatial unit, as a homogeneous social structure, and as shared norms — and indicate the weaknesses of these approaches. Finally, we suggest a more political approach: community must be examined in the context of development and conservation by focusing on the multiple interests and actors within communities, on how these actors influence decision-making, and on the internal and external institutions that shape the decision-making process. A focus on institutions rather than ‘‘community’’ is likely to be more fruitful for those interested in community-based natural resource management. ” 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Replicating sequences of bernoulli trials in simulation modeling

Abstract An efficient method for computer generation of replicated sequences of Bernoulli trials is described. The sequences are utilized as input for simulation models of systems where the output response is a function of the number and timing of successes in a Bernoulli input sequence. The method is evaluated on the basis of unit costs for the required computations. The proposed method is preferred provided a certain inequality involving the unit costs is satisfied. The condition is almost always satisfied in cases where the simulation modeling approach is most appropriate, that is when the success probabilities of the Bernoulli trials are small.
Ion exclusion by sub-2-nm carbon nanotube pores

Biological pores regulate the cellular traffic of a large variety of solutes, often with high selectivity and fast flow rates. These pores share several common structural features: the inner surface of the pore is frequently lined with hydrophobic residues, and the selectivity filter regions often contain charged functional groups. Hydrophobic, narrow-diameter carbon nanotubes can provide a simplified model of membrane channels by reproducing these critical features in a simpler and more robust platform. Previous studies demonstrated that carbon nanotube pores can support a water flux comparable to natural aquaporin channels. Here, we investigate ion transport through these pores using a sub-2-nm, aligned carbon nanotube membrane nanofluidic platform. To mimic the charged groups at the selectivity region, we introduce negatively charged groups at the opening of the carbon nanotubes by plasma treatment. Pressure-driven filtration experiments, coupled with capillary electrophoresis analysis of the permeate and feed, are used to quantify ion exclusion in these membranes as a function of solution ionic strength, pH, and ion valence. We show that carbon nanotube membranes exhibit significant ion exclusion that can be as high as 98% under certain conditions. Our results strongly support a Donnan-type rejection mechanism, dominated by electrostatic interactions between fixed membrane charges and mobile ions, whereas steric and hydrodynamic effects appear to be less important.
Robust radar target classifier using artificial neural networks

In this paper an artificial neural network (ANN) based radar target classifier is presented, and its performance is compared with that of a conventional minimum distance classifier. Radar returns from realistic aircraft are synthesized using a thin wire time domain electromagnetic code. The time varying backscattered electric field from each target is processed using both a conventional scheme and an ANN-based scheme for classification purposes. It is found that a multilayer feedforward ANN, trained using a backpropagation learning algorithm, provides a higher percentage of successful classification than the conventional scheme. The performance of the ANN is found to be particularly attractive in an environment of low signal-to-noise ratio. The performance of both methods are also compared when a preemphasis filter is used to enhance the contributions from the high frequency poles in the target response. >
Immunology: Circulating antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in women: relationship to antisperm and antichiamydial antibodies in semen of male partners

The relation between antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis and spermatozoa in sera of 112 asymptomatic female partners of infertile couples with no history of C. trachomatis infections and antichlamydial antibodies in semen or antisperm antibodies on ejaculated spermatozoa of their male partners was examined. Samples were tested for immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG antibodies to C. trachomatis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; antisperm antibodies in sera and on motile spermatozoa were assayed by immunobead binding. IgG antibodies to C. trachomatis were detected in 24 (21.4%) of the women ; only five (4.5%) women were positive for antichlamydial IgA. Antichlamydial IgG was detected in sera from 10 (40.0%) of 25 women whose partners had antichlamydial IgA in semen as opposed to 14 (16.1%) of 87 women whose partners' semen were negative for this antibody (P = 0.02). Similarly, antichlamydial IgG was detected in sera from five (50%) of 10 women whose partners had antichlamydial IgG in semen as opposed to 19 (18.6%) of 102 women whose partners' semen lacked this antibody (P = 0.03). There was no relation between antichlamydial antibodies in women and circulating antichlamydial antibodies in men. A strong correlation (P = 0.001) was observed between IgG antichlamydial antibodies in a woman's serum and antisperm antibodies on ejaculated spermatozoa of her partner [8 of 14 (57.1%) versus 16 of 98 (16.3%)]. Conversely, antichlamydial antibodies in a woman's serum was unrelated to the presence of antisperm antibodies in either her own serum or her partner's serum. The data demonstrate that chlamydial infections of the male genital tract, which are associated with antisperm antibody formation on ejaculated spermatozoa, are likely to be transmitted to the female partner. In contrast, the presence of antichlamydial antibodies in sera does not necessarily appear to indicate an infection of the genital tract and is not associated with the heterosexual transmission of C. trachomatis.
Wavelength agility in multihop lightwave networks

The multihop architecture, which provides a way of tapping the capacity potential available in lightwave networks, is described. Within this architecture, each network node is equipped with some small number of transmitters and receivers, each of which can communicate on one wavelength. Transmitters and receivers are connected to an optical medium, which is physically configured in such a way that the entire spectrum of wavelengths in use is potentially accessible by each node. Then, an assignment of transmit and receive wavelengths to each node defines the logical connectivity among nodes. Furthermore, the use of optically agile transceivers (i.e. slowly tunable lasers or optical filters) permits the logical connectivity to be updated in response to changing traffic patterns and failure/recovery of nodal transmitters and receivers. The flow and wavelength assignment problem is studied. Solutions in which the traffic flows over a derived connectivity diagram such that the largest flow on any link is minimized are sought. Examples of the resulting connectivity diagram and traffic flow are presented for selected nonuniform point-to-point traffic matrices. >
Disease related indicators for a proper choice of adjuvant treatments.

Summary Adjuvant systemic therapy (AST) clearly reduces mortality from breast cancer. The decision to recommend AST is based on prognosis and prediction. Clinically useful prognostic factors have historically been principally anatomic, based on size of the tumor and the presence or absence axillary lymph node metastases. More recently, multi-parameter assays have become incorporated into prognostic calculations, principally in patients who are ER positive. None has been established to have clinical utility in patients who are ER negative.
T lymphocytes in atherosclerosis: the yin-yang of Th1 and Th2 influence on lesion formation.

The presence of activated T lymphocytes in all stages of human atherosclerotic lesion development implies their involvement in this vascular disease process.1 However, the specific role T lymphocytes play in atherogenesis remains unclear. It is not feasible to regulate the immune system in humans to determine its association with atherosclerotic-related diseases. Therefore, dissection of the role of T lymphocytes in lesion development will be dependent on animal models. Appropriate animal models need to mimic the cellular composition of human lesions, particularly in content of T lymphocytes. In this respect, the most commonly used mouse models of atherosclerosis, such as apolipoprotein E −/− and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor −/− mice, contain T lymphocytes, although the number of cells is less than in human lesions.2 T-lymphocyte presence has functional consequences, because their complete absence reduces lesion formation during moderate hypercholesterolemia.3,4⇓ The major class of T lymphocytes present in atherosclerotic lesions is CD4+. In response to the local milieu of cytokines, CD4+ cells differentiate into the Th1 or Th2 lineage. Among the principal inducers of the Th1 and Th2 cells are interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10, respectively. Activated T lymphocytes are functionally defined by the cytokines produced with interferon (IFN)-γ secreted from the Th1 cells and IL-4 from the Th2 cells. Much of the emphasis in atherosclerosis research in relation to T lymphocytes has focused on the role of Th1-type responses. The evidence for the role of Th1 cells …
Sensing soil oxygen.

Abstract. Under natural conditions where gaseous exchange between soil and atmosphere is restricted by excess water, the concentration of O2 in the rooting zone can become very low while reduced ions and organic compounds that are potentially phytoxic may accumulate. Mechanisms by which shoots and roots detect, and adjust to, this O2-deficient environment are reviewed. Injury to roots and their inability to function because of insufficient O2 is communicated to the shoot in a variety of ways, so that it adjusts physiologically. Roots may acclimate metabolically to a gradual fall in O2 supply, so that they either improve their tolerance of anoxia, or partially avoid O2-deficiency by structural changes that aid internal transfer of O2 to the roots from the shoot. Molecular mechanisms regulating such metabolic changes, including environmental cues, are discussed.
ALTERNATE CORRECTIONS FOR ESTIMATING ACTUAL WETLAND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

Corrections can be used to estimate actual wetland evapotranspiration (AET) from potential evapotranspiration (PET) as a means to define the hydrology of wetland areas. Many alternate parameterizations for correction coefficients for three PET equations are presented, covering a wide range of possible data-availability scenarios. At nine sites in the wetland Everglades of south Florida, USA, the relatively complex PET Penman equation was corrected to daily total AET with smaller standard errors than the PET simple and Priestley-Taylor equations. The simpler equations, however, required less data (and thus less funding for instrumentation), with the possibility of being corrected to AET with slightly larger, comparable, or even smaller standard errors. Air temperature generally corrected PET simple most effectively to wetland AET, while wetland stage and humidity generally corrected PET Priestley-Taylor and Penman most effectively to wetland AET. Stage was identified for PET Priestley-Taylor and Penman as the data type with the most correction ability at sites that are dry part of each year or dry part of some years. Finally, although surface water generally was readily available at each monitoring site, AET was not occurring at potential rates, as conceptually expected under well-watered conditions. Apparently, factors other than water availability, such as atmospheric and stomata resistances to vapor transport, also were limiting the PET rate.
Aplastic Anemia in Two Kittens Following a Prescription Error

A medication error resulted in two kittens being treated with azathioprine (12 and 12.5 mg/kg) instead of azithromycin for 2 weeks. On clinical examination, the kittens were febrile, weak, and had oronasal hemorrhage. Complete blood cell counts indicated severe bone marrow suppression. Treatment consisted of multiple transfusions, antibiotics, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. One of the kittens responded to therapy and had a complete recovery. The other kitten was treated for 40 days with no clinical response before dying. Both kittens also contracted Mycoplasma hemofelis infection from a contaminated blood transfusion.
That “Every Man for Himself” Thing: The Rationales of Individualism Among the Urban Poor

Individualism is a frequently referenced but seldom inspected topic within urban poverty literature. Residents of low-income communities may internalize their social immobility by perceiving status to be determined by choices, behaviors, and psychological or moral shortcomings, but scholars generally depict such individualistic outlooks as only a byproduct of more predominant community dysfunctions. As a result, individualism—an ambiguous and confounding concept at all social strata—can assume an especially disapproving tenor when applied to the urban poor, often connoting qualities of defensiveness, ignorance, and quixotic hope. In this article, I draw from ethnographic fieldwork in Houston's Fifth Ward community to explore individualism's meanings and utility within a context of compromised prospects for positive self-determination. I explain how defensiveness against vulnerability, violence, and volatile relationships is just one rationale for individualism that is exercised alongside other, still structurally framed rationales (i.e., expressive and meritocratic) on the viability of social mobility.
Damage Remedies Under the Emerging Article 2 - An Essay Against Freedom

Unquestionably, the most important remedy innovation of the Uniform Commercial Code has been to give primacy to damage remedies based on actual substitutions rather than to those based on hypothetical ones. The laudable effect is that damages based on market price have been reduced to a secondary status, to be used only when the facts of the case do not allow for a remedy based on an actual substitution.The net result has been that Code damages more closely approximate the injured party's lost expectation and that windfall recoveries are avoided. This Essay seeks to demonstrate that Revised Article 2-803(c) threatens to undo this progress and once again to give ascendancy to damage remedies based on hypothesis rather than actual fact.
Effective-Capacity Based Gaming for Optimal Power and Spectrum Allocations over Big-Data Virtual Wireless Networks

Big data transmission on a wireless network environment focuses on sharing the large volume information data with the effective capacity guaranteed. Wireless network virtualization provides an efficient technique to implement the big data transmission by enabling multiple virtual wireless networks (VWNs) to be mapped onto one physical substrate wireless network (SWN), downloading the information data from SWN. One of the most important challenges of this technique lies in how to efficiently allocate the wireless resources of physical wireless networks to the multiple virtual wireless network users, considering the quality of service for the data transmission. To overcome these difficulties, in this paper we propose a novel auction based scheme to resolve the wireless resources allocation problem in terms of transmit power and wireless spectrum. We formulate this wireless resources allocation problem as an auction process where each mobile user bids for the limited wireless resources from physical substrate wireless networks, and competes with the other mobile-user players bidding for the same resources. First, the mobile users derive their bids for transmit powers, which indicate their willingness to pay for the transmit powers, aiming at maximizing their payoffs (performance-gain minus cost) on each subchannel. Then, according to the derived available transmit power on each subchannel, mobile users derive their bids for the number of subchannels, aiming at maximizing their overall payoffs. The SWN assigns these two types of wireless resources to each mobile user according to the bids for all virtual users. Finally, as the mobile users' bidding processes proceed iteratively, our proposed games are guaranteed to converge to the Nash Equilibrium, where the benefits of SWN and mobile users are both optimized, thus maximizing the aggregate effective capacities for our resources-virtualized big data transmission wireless networks. The extensive simulation results obtained validate and evaluate our proposed schemes.
A First Look at Early Intervention and Early Childhood Providers' Reports of Assistive Technology Reuse:

Reports of the experiences of 256 early intervention and early childhood providers with assistive technology (AT) reuse were obtained via a national online survey. A majority of providers (75.7%) i...
Survey and evaluation of use of antibiotics and major types of their combined uses in the outpatient depart-ment of our hospital

objective:Evaluation of use of antibiotics and major types of their combined uses in the outpatient department of our hospital.Method:The rate of use of antibiotics,the top ten varieties in use and the top ten types of combined uses of two and three kinds of an-tibiotics were analyzed in the way of random selection of5271clinical prescriptions from outpatient department in the year of2001.Re-sult:The rate of use of antibiotics is60.46%.The main antibiotics were antibioltics withβ-lactamase inhibitor.Conclusions:Rate of use of antibiotics is high.The cause may lie in the preventive use of antibiotics without symptoms.A few combined uses are without good grounds and their rationality is to be further assessed.
Palliative procedures for esophageal cancer

Although cure of esophageal carcinoma is seldom achieved by any of the modalities of treatment currently available, surgery provides the most efficient and expeditious palliation in these patients. Ability to swallow comfortably for 21 to 24 months is generally achieved with esophageal resection and reconstruction. Transhiatal esophagectomy with cervical esophagogastric anastomosis performed through upper abdominal and cervical incisions may provide the best palliation for esophageal carcinoma, with the least operative morbidity of the currently used operative approaches.
Fugitive Rehearsals: The Ferality of Kaspar Hauser, Playground Performances, and the Transversality of Children

The figure of the child, as paradigmatic trope of “child” or incarnation of “childhood,” poses an anxious contribution to theoretical discourses of subjectivity. The child embodies aspects of alterity, thereby delimiting possibilities with regard to sanctioned subjectivation. It also traces the potential for subjective growth, allowing on explicit or subterranean levels the capacity for transformative processes of subjectivation to occur. Michel de Certeau describes this paradoxical situation of childhood as “to be other and to move toward the other” (110). In this formula, the central contradiction of the child’s classification within official culture’s dominant systems becomes a result of negative formulations: youth must embodythe non-subject while performing against the non-subject; itmust be other while learning to create the other in its inception as human. As transversal theorists, we break away from the vagueness and negativity implicit in the term “other” and instead recover the mechanics of Certeau’s statement as enabling through its activation of unlimited opportunity and definitional fluidity as both agential and positive processual qualities. In our considerations, the child embodies the conditions of fugitivity, which is to say, elusive activity of resistance, change, and adaptation, capable of happily defying authoritative structures and altering established meanings and determinations.
Stochastic Timed Petri Nets and Stochastic Petri Nets

Stochastic timed Petri nets (STPN’s) are Petri nets in which stochastic firing times are associated with transitions. An STPN is essentially a high-level model that generates a stochastic process. STPN-based performance evaluation basically comprises modeling the given system by an STPN and automatically generating the stochastic process that governs the system behavior. This stochastic process is then analyzed using known techniques. STPN’s are a graphical model and offer great convenience to a modeler in arriving at a credible, high-level model of a system.
Non-Perturbative Fem for Deterministic and Stochastic Beams Through Inverse of Stiffness Matrix

This paper proposes an alternative way of constructing the global stiffness matrix in the finite element analysis of bending beams, which involve spatially deterministic or stochastical bending stiffness. Originating from Fuchs’ idea of decoupling the shear and bending components in the bending beam, the element level stiffness matrix is diagonalized. The generalized stress-strain, strain-displacement and equilibrium relationships are assembled, respectively, and then are combined to form the global stiffness matrix. The advantage of the new formulation is that the bending stiffness explicitly appears in the global stiffness matrix, which can be inverted exactly without application of perturbation based expansion. The mean vector and correlation matrix of the displacement of the beam are then obtained in terms of probabilistic characteristics of the uncertain bending stiffness. The example is given to illustrate the efficacy of the new formulation and its application to bending of stochastic beams.
Challenges and Opportunities in Secondary Analyses of Electronic Health Record Data

Electronic health records are increasingly useful for conducting secondary observational studies with power that rivals randomized controlled trials.
Network virtualization over WDM networks

Network virtualization can eradicate the ossification of the Internet and stimulate innovation of new architectures and applications. Optical networks are ideal substrates for provisioning high-bandwidth virtual-network services. We investigate the problem of network virtualization over WDM networks by formulating a mixed integer linear program (MILP). Two heuristics, MaxMapping and MinMapping, are developed to solve the problem quickly but suboptimally. Numerical examples show that MinMapping consumes fewer wavelengths than MaxMapping and performs close to the optimal results of the MILP, by exploring the opportunities of traffic grooming.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in two GID1 orthologs associate with growth and wood property traits in Populus tomentosa

Gibberellic acids (GAs) have multiple functions in various stages of plant growth and wood development, and GA receptor GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1 (GID1) is a key player in GA signaling. Here, we used association studies to examine the allelic variation within PtoGID1a and PtoGID1b associated with growth and wood properties in a natural population of Populus tomentosa. We isolated two full-length PtoGID1a and PtoGID1b cDNA by reverse transcription PCR, and both of these two genes had an open reading frame with the same length (1035 bp) and encoded a protein of 344 amino acids. Analysis of tissue-specific expression profiles indicated that these two genes had similar transcription patterns, being expressed predominantly in leaves. Nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed that PtoGID1a and PtoGID1b harbor high single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity (π Τ = 0.08237 and 0.00921, respectively) and low LD (r 2 > 0.1, within 350 and 1000 bp, respectively). SNP- and haplotype-based association tests identified that six single SNPs (Q < 0.05) and six haplotypes (P < 0.05, Q < 0.10) were significantly associated with growth and wood properties, explaining 0.99–10.28 and 3.10–5.39 % of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Therefore, isolation of PtoGID1a and PtoGID1b and dissection of their allelic polymorphisms open an avenue to understand the regulation of PtoGID1 in the growth and wood formation in trees.
Strength Training for Skeletal Muscle Endurance after Stroke

Background and Purpose Initial studies support the use of strength training (ST) as a safe and effective intervention after stroke. Our previous work shows that relatively aggressive, higher intensity ST translates into large effect sizes for paretic and non-paretic leg muscle volume, myostatin expression, and maximum strength post-stroke. An unanswered question pertains to how our unique ST model for stroke impacts skeletal muscle endurance (SME). Thus, we now report on ST-induced adaptation in the ability to sustain isotonic muscle contraction. Methods Following screening and baseline testing, hemiparetic stroke participants were randomized to either ST or an attention-matched stretch control group (SC). Those in the ST group trained each leg individually to muscle failure (20 repetition sets, 3× per week for 3 months) on each of three pneumatic resistance machines (leg press, leg extension, and leg curl). Our primary outcome measure was SME, quantified as the number of submaximal weight leg press repetitions possible at a specified cadence. The secondary measures included one-repetition maximum strength, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), 10-meter walk speeds, and peak aerobic capacity (VO 2 peak). Results ST participants (N = 14) had significantly greater SME gains compared with SC participants (N = 16) in both the paretic (178% versus 12%, P P P 2 peak ( P Conclusion Our ST regimen had a large impact on the capacity to sustain submaximal muscle contraction, a metric that may carry more practical significance for stroke than the often reported measures of maximum strength.
The open source, formally-proven seL4 microkernel: Considerations for use in avionics

Mixed criticality functions integrated on a single computing platform require special attention to safety and security. ARINC 653 and DO-248 provide guidelines for partitioning software so that functions of differing levels of criticality are isolated from one another. The partitioning environment operating system isolates each partition, and because it is foundational it must be certified to the highest level of criticality of any supported partition. Formal methods are one means to achieve high levels of safety and security, but because of their high cost, a very small footprint is desirable. One promising new development is the open source seL4 microkernel, a formally proven microkernel. The seL4 microkernel is intentionally simple, providing the bare minimum features to isolate software functionality. In this paper we analyze the suitability of seL4 for use in digital avionics systems that require high levels of safety and/or security. We also provide an overview of our work to leverage the assurance arguments of seL4, to contribute to the ecosystem around it, and to demonstrate use of seL4 for an embedded platform: a Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) system.
Impact of Pharmacist Intervention to Increase Compliance With Guideline-Directed Statin Therapy During an Acute Coronary Syndrome Hospitalization:

Background: Despite evidence on poor adherence to guideline-directed statin therapy (GDST) following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), little information has been published on pharmacist-led statin pilot programs for secondary prevention. Objective: We sought to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist intervention (PI) on GDST during an ACS hospitalization. Methods: A historical control (HC) group consisting of 125 ACS hospitalizations was retrospectively identified, with prospective data of 113 patients captured over 6 months in the PI group. The primary outcome of GDST was defined according to 2013 clinical guidelines and evaluated in all 238 qualifying patients. Secondary outcomes included number of interventions and use of logistic regression to investigate the relationship of ACS subtype with statin dose. Results: On admission, GDST was ordered in 62.5% of the HC and 75.9% of the PI group. At discharge, the PI group had a higher rate of GDST relative to HC among all patients (86.7 % vs 77.4%, P = 0.06), ...
Effect of furosemide and weight carriage on energetic responses of horses to incremental exertion

The effect of furosemide-induced weight loss on the energetic responses of horses to running was examined in a 3-way crossover study. Eight 2- to 3-year-old Standardbred mares received, in random order, 10 ml of saline solution 4 hours before running on a treadmill (control trial, C); or, during 2 trials, 1 mg of furosemide/kg of body weight, i.v., 4 hours before running. During one of the trials when the horses received furosemide, they carried weight equal to that lost over the 3.75 hours after furosemide administration while running (furosemide-loaded, FL), and during the other trial they did not carry weight equal to that lost after furosemide administration (furosemide-unloaded, FU). Horses performed an incremental exercise test on a treadmill during which rates of oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were measured, respiratory exchange ratio was calculated, and blood samples were collected for determination of mixed venous plasma lactate concentration and arterial and mixed venous oxygen saturation. Furosemide treatment caused significantly (P < 0.001) greater weight loss than did saline administration; mean +/- SEM weight loss (exclusive of fecal loss) was 1.6, 8.8, and 10.2 kg (SEM = 2.0) for C, FL, and FU trials, respectively. The speed at which peak VO2 was achieved was 9.31, 9.56, and 9.50 (SEM = 0.16) m/s, respectively, time to fatigue was 547, 544, and 553 (SEM = 26) seconds, respectively, and the highest speed attained was 10.3, 10.2, and 10.2 (SEM = 0.2) m/s, respectively. Mean peak rate of oxygen consumption was 130.7, 129.6, and 129.6 (SEM = 1.9) ml/min/kg, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nutritional parameters in children with cancer

For children with cancer, dietary histories to determine adequacy of caloric and protein intakes and a measurement of weight/height percent may be the most reliable indicators of nutritional status.
A novel fluorescent imaging technique for assessment of cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage

Various techniques have been developed to study changes in the cerebral vasculature in numerous neuropathological processes including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). One of the most widely employed techniques uses India ink-gelatin casting, which presents numerous challenges due to its high viscosity, rapid solidification, and its impact on immunohistochemical analysis. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel technique for assessing cerebral vasospasm using cerebrovascular perfusion with ROX, SE (5-Carboxy-X-Rhodamine, Succinimidyl Ester), a fluorescent labeling dye. We found that ROX SE perfusion achieves excellent delineation of the cerebral vasculature, was qualitatively and quantitatively superior to India ink-gelatin casting for the assessment of cerebral vasospasm, permits outstanding immunohistochemical examination of non-vasospasm components of secondary brain injury, and is a more efficient and cost-effective experimental technique. ROX SE perfusion is therefore a novel and highly useful technique for studying cerebrovascular pathology following experimental SAH.
Learning to support the instructor

In this paper we describe and evaluate Classroom Assessment Tools (CATs) designed to encourage interaction and student ownership in an introductory programming course (CS 1). Traditionally, Classro...
L1 adaptive output feedback control for underactuated MIMO systems

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of output feedback control for underactuated (non-square) MIMO systems with unknown input gain and matched uncertainties. The L1 adaptive output feedback control architecture in this paper includes a state predictor, an error observer, adaptation laws, and a low-pass filter. It is shown that the proposed control strategy guarantees that the error signals of the closed-loop system are semi-globally bounded. Simulation results are presented to validate the theoretical claims.
Admit-Discharge-Transfer Functions

The HELP system is used at LDS Hospital to schedule patients for elective admissions, to record demographic, insurance, and clinical information in preadmitting and admitting procedures, to keep track of changes in the patient’s location during the hospitalization, and to document the patient’s discharge from the hospital. Similar data are gathered when patients come to LDS Hospital for emergency services, outpatient radiology and outpatient clinic services, and for short-stay (1 day) procedures. The ADT data are used to generate a computerized census nightly. The patient demographic data captured during the admission process are stored in a variety of long- and short-term computerized patient files and are used by many other HELP system programs.
Paired-agent fluorescent imaging to detect micrometastases in breast sentinel lymph node biopsy: experiment design and protocol development

Sentinel lymph node status is a critical prognostic factor in breast cancer treatment and is essential to guide future adjuvant treatment. The estimation that 20-60% of micrometastases are missed by conventional pathology has created a demand for the development of more accurate approaches. Here, a paired-agent imaging approach is presented that employs a control imaging agent to allow rapid, quantitative mapping of microscopic populations of tumor cells in lymph nodes to guide pathology sectioning. To test the feasibility of this approach to identify micrometastases, healthy pig lymph nodes were stained with targeted and control imaging agent solution to evaluate the potential for the agents to diffuse into and out of intact nodes. Aby-029, an anti-EGFR affibody was labeled with IRDye 800CW (LICOR) as targeted agent and IRDye 700DX was hydrolyzed as a control agent. Lymph nodes were stained and rinsed by directly injecting the agents into the lymph nodes after immobilization in agarose gel. Subsequently, lymph nodes were frozen-sectioned and imaged under an 80-um resolution fluorescence imaging system (Pearl, LICOR) to confirm equivalence of spatial distribution of both agents in the entire node. The binding potentials were acquired by a pixel-by-pixel calculation and was found to be 0.02 ± 0.06 along the lymph node in the absence of binding. The results demonstrate this approach’s potential to enhance the sensitivity of lymph node pathology by detecting fewer than 1000 cell in a whole human lymph node.