cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rachel M. Scott, The Challenge of Political Islam: Non-Muslims and the Egyptian State

Rachel Scott, Assistant Professor of Islamic Studies in the Department of Religion and Culture at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, examines how contemporary Egyptian Islamists—a widely used term, but a problematic one as the author admits—view non-Muslims. Specifically, Scott focuses on the legal rights, political roles, and historical status of non-Muslims in the writings of twentieth-century Egyptian intellectuals. Scott begins the first two chapters of her book with a broad survey of the rights and duties of dhimmis (Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians) in classical Islamic thought as well as the rise of political movements like the Muslim Brotherhood, al-Jama‘a al-Islamiyya, and al-Jihad. She concludes chapter two with an analysis of Islamic centrists (wasatiyya) and the diverse political demands of mainstream Islamists. Chapter three explores Coptic cultural nationalism, sectarian tension between Muslims and Copts, and the refusal of the government to commit to whether Egypt is an Islamic or a secular state. The remaining four chapters delve into shifting historical conceptions of the dhimma (contract of protection), the place of the dhimmi in the Egyptian national project, Islamic and Coptic conceptions of citizenship, and the contribution of wasatiyya theorists to Islamist thought. Although repetitive at times, the clarity of Scott’s writing and her attention to moderate Islamist discourses will appeal to instructors looking for a cogent study they can assign to their advanced undergraduate and graduate students. The author draws on the writings and political tracts of intellectuals, activists, authors, and politicians in addition to Egyptian newspaper articles and popular texts. Many of the chapters in the book reference the personal interviews Scott conducted in Cairo, Virginia, and Anafora, Egypt from 2003 to 2009. These sources provide useful Cont Islam (2012) 6:211–213 DOI 10.1007/s11562-010-0149-0
On the function of BMP-4 in patterning the marginal zone of the Xenopus embryo.

Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) is expressed in the ventral marginal zone of the gastrulating embryo. At late gastrula stage this gene is expressed in the ventral-most part of the slit blastopore and in tissues that derive from it. At tailbud stages BMP-4 is expressed in the spinal cord roof plate, neural crest, eye and auditory vesicle. The interactions of BMP-4 with dorsal genes such as goosecoid (gsc) and Xnot-2 were studied in vivo. In embryos ventralized by UV irradiation and suramin treatment, BMP-4 zygotic transcripts accumulate prematurely and the entire marginal zone expresses this gene. The patterning effect of BMP-4 on ventro-posterior development can be revealed by a sensitive assay involving the injection of BMP-4 mRNA in the ventral marginal zone of embryos partially dorsalized with LiCl, which leads to the complete rescue of trunk and tail structures. The experiments presented here argue that BMP-4 may act in vivo as a ventral signal for the proper patterning of the marginal zone, actively interacting with dorsal genes such as gsc and Xnot-2. A model is proposed in which the timing of expression of various marginal zone-specific genes plays a central role in patterning the mesoderm.
Galerkin Finite Element Model to Simulate the Response of Multilayer Aquifers when Subjected to Pumping Stresses

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses Galerkin finite element model to simulate the response of multilayer aquifers when subjected to pumping stresses. A finite element model is introduced that can solve many types of complex radial-flow problems. Six example problems are selected to check the accuracy of the model by comparing the results with available analytical and numerical results, and to present new solutions. An effort is made to check the effect of selected mesh sizes. Finally, the concept of effective radius is used to increase the computational efficiency of the model.
Extraordinary Urinary Frequency

In Reply.— Thank you for the second letter regarding our paper on extraordinary urinary frequency. We would like to respond to this as well. We thank Drs Asnes and Mones for their comments. Pollakiuria and pollakisuria are synonyms for urinary frequency. Pollakis is a Greek term for often, although it has rather infrequent application in medical English, being limited only to pollakiuria and pollakidipsia in Dorland9s Dictionary.1 The Oxford English Dictionary employs this prefix only in one word, the botanic term, pollakanthic.2
Very High Order Accurate TVD Schemes

A systematic procedure for constructing semi-discrete families of 2m - 1 order accurate, 2m order dissipa-tive, variation diminishing, 2m + 1 point band width, conservation form approximations to scalar conservation laws is presented. Here m is an integer between 2 and 8. Simple first order forward time discretization, used together with any of these approximations to the space derivatives, also results in a fully discrete, variation diminishing algorithm. These schemes all use simple flux limiters, without which each of these fully discrete algorithms is even linearly unstable. Extensions to systems, using a nonlinear field-by-field decomposition are presented, and shown to have many of the same properties as in the scalar case. For linear systems, these nonlinear approximations are variation diminishing, and hence convergent. A new and general criterion for approximations to be variation diminishing is also given. Finally, numerical experiments using some of these algorithms are presented.
2-Phenyl-3-(trimethyl­sil­yl)propan-1-aminium chloride

The title compound, C12H22NSi+·Cl−, contains two formula units in the asymmetric unit and is a hydro­chloride salt in which the amine N atom is protonated and the NH3+ group forms hydrogen bonds with the Cl− anion, forming a ribbon in the c-axis direction.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its metabolites inhibit T lymphocyte proliferation: role of cell surface NAD glycohydrolase and pyrophosphatase activities.

The presence of NAD-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART)2) on the surface of immune cells suggests a potential immunomodulatory activity for ecto-NAD or its metabolites at sites of inflammation and cell lysis where extracellular levels of NAD may be high. In vitro, NAD inhibits mitogen-stimulated rat T cell proliferation. To investigate the mechanism of inhibition, the effects of NAD and its metabolites on T cell proliferation were studied using ART2a+ and ART2b+ rat T cells. NAD and ADP-ribose, but not nicotinamide, inhibited proliferation of mitogen-activated T cells independent of ART2 allele-specific expression. Inhibition by P2 purinergic receptor agonists was comparable to that induced by NAD and ADP-ribose; these compounds were more potent than P1 agonists. Analysis of the NAD-metabolizing activity of intact rat T cells demonstrated that ADP-ribose was the predominant metabolite, consistent with the presence of cell surface NAD glycohydrolase (NADase) activities. Treatment of T cells with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C removed much of the NADase activity, consistent with at least one NADase having a GPI anchor; ART2− T cell subsets contained NADase activity that was not releasable by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C treatment. Formation of AMP from NAD and ADP-ribose also occurred, a result of cell surface pyrophosphatase activity. Because AMP and its metabolite, adenosine, were less inhibitory to rat T cell proliferation than was NAD or ADP-ribose, pyrophosphatases may serve a regulatory role in modifying the inhibitory effect of ecto-NAD on T cell activation. These data suggest that T cells express multiple NAD and adenine nucleotide-metabolizing activities that together modulate immune function.
Precarious or Purposeful? Proactively Building Inclusive Special Education Service Delivery on Solid Ground

The absence of unified and inclusive special education service delivery models represents a longstanding challenge to the education of students with the full range of disabilities in inclusive schools and classrooms. An exemplar model is offered for elementary schools within a multi-tiered system of support (MTSS) framework. To establish its practicality and cost-neutrality, the development of the exemplar model was based on personnel utilization data from 69 schools. After building a case for the importance of proactively developing inclusive models of special education service delivery, this article describes: (a) the types and source of the data upon which the exemplar model is based, (b) a set of underlying assumptions, (c) school demographic parameters upon which the exemplar model is based, (d) a comparison of 13 key variables between their actual averages in sampled schools with their proposed status in the exemplar model, and (e) nine conceptual and programmatic shifts designed to accompany the structural changes presented in the exemplar model. The article concludes with implications for practice and future research. Overall, the exemplar model is offered as a starting point to spur discussion, creative problem solving, and action planning to explore model development suited to local contexts.
Passin' for Black: Race, Identity, and Bone Memory in Postracial America

Signithia Fordham challenges the notion that we are living in a "postracial" society where race is no longer a major social category, as indicated by the rising incidence of interracial relationships and the popularity of biracial identities. On the contrary, she contends, a powerful fusion of historical memory and inclusive kinship compels Americans whose ancestors were enslaved to embrace a Black identity even when they have White as well as African ancestors. Fordham identifies this socially constructed racial identity as "passin' for Black." She argues that virtually every socially defined Black person connected to enslavement—regardless of skin color, hair texture, facial features, or paternity—must perform Blackness. Using narratives obtained from a recent ethnographic study of female competition and aggression in a racially "integrated" suburban high school, Fordham's essay documents how the complex, charged matter of racial identity—concurrently biological and social—inflames the lives of adolesce...
Using RFID to evaluate evacuation behavior models

In this paper, we present an object-oriented approach for using real-world location data for the evaluation of evacuation behavior models. When constructing a new building or planning, how an existing one is used, safe evacuation is extremely important. Currently, many models exist to simulate a building evacuation, using information from the layout of rooms in conjunction with a model for human behavior. However, it is difficult to automatically validate these models, since the exit of each person from the area to be evacuated must be recorded by human observers, either in real time or later by looking at video. We believe that the evacuation behavior model of humans requires a comprehensive approach that integrates psychology and engineering frames of reference. We describe the system in detail, and do experiments to show that it works as designed. We also show how this data can be used to validate an existing evacuation model.
Liberal Legitimacy and the Question of Respect

In a modern pluralist society, the idea of liberal legitimacy as proposed by John Rawls offers a promising foundation for the further historic advancement of democracy. However, liberal legitimacy still seems to lack one key element—a unique type of respect at its foundations—without which such democratic advancement may not be achieved. Nor, on closer inspection, could the idea of liberal legitimacy succeed without this particular type of respect. When further refined at its foundation, arguably liberal legitimacy could open doors to previously unattainable improvements in democracy and legitimacy.
Capillary electrophoresis of the mycotoxin zearalenone using cyclodextrin-enhanced fluorescence

Certain of the cyclodextrins are capable of significantly enhancing the native fluorescence of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN). Twenty-two cyclodextrins (CDs) were screened for their ability to enhance the fluorescence of ZEN in a capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) format. Of the CDs that were examined heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-CD gave the greatest enhancement. The heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-CD was applied to the development of a CE-LIF method for detection of ZEN in maize. The resulting method was capable of detecting ZEN with a limit of quantitation of 5 ng/g maize. Recoveries of ZEN from maize spiked over the range from 5 ng/g to 500 ng/g averaged 103.1+/-8.5% (n=20). The CE-LIF method will be useful for future studies of ZEN in maize.
An Examination of the Endogeneity of Speed Limits and Accident Counts in Crash Models

A properly set speed limit establishes a reasonable and acceptable threshold that the majority of drivers can follow. Much literature has been devoted to investigating the relationships between speed limit and accident number, but the results have been widely variable. It is speculated that the variance of these conclusions can be attributed to the endogeneity of speed limit and accident count. Traffic volumes and crash counts at a total of 298 intersections in the City of Corona were collected and analyzed using simultaneous equation models to eliminate the influence of the endogenous variables and obtain unbiased predictor variables. By running single-equation models individually involving crash counts and speed limits and then comparing them with a simultaneous equation model that evaluates these same variables, it was possible to determine the effect of endogeneity on the resultant estimator variables. It was found that although the difference between the estimator variables in the single and simultan...
Studying the Professional Development ofTeachers: How Conceptions of the World Inform the Research Agenda:

The knowledge base about the profes sional development of teachers has been confused with the research on teacher effectiveness. Although teach ing and teacher education are intimately related, the...
Knowledge Composition for Efficient Analysis Problem Formulation: Part 1 — Motivation and Requirements

In simulation-based design a key challenge is to formulate and solve analysis problems efficiently to evaluate a variety of design alternatives. Numerically solving analysis problems has benefited from advancements in commercial off-the-shelf mathematical solvers and computational capabilities. However, the formulation of analysis problems for a given set of design alternatives is still typically a laborious and costly process. In the scope of design alternatives with variable topology multi-body (VTMB) characteristics, these papers (Part 1 and Part 2) present research that addresses the following primary question: How can we improve the efficiency of the analysis problem formulation process for VTMB design alternatives? The objective of this paper (Part 1) is to identify requirements for a methodology that answers this. The methodology is formulates analysis problems for VTMB design alternatives based on decisions taken by analysts and independent of the solution method (such as finite element analysis) and the solver. This paper presents a gap analysis using an example VTMB problem and identifies key inadequacies in existing approaches for analysis problem formulation. Based on the gap analysis and technical background, we present five main requirements relating to (a) key drivers for efficiently creating analysis models; (b) abstracting and formalizing analysis knowledge for composing analysis models; and (c) automatically creating, reconfiguring and verifying analysis models.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Towards cooperative, predictive driver assistance

In this work, we describe research directed towards cooperative, predictive driver assistance. We describe predictive driver assistance systems, which aim to make longer-term predictions about the on-road environment, supporting positive HMI with the driver. Given the rapid development of advanced sensing, computational, and algorithmic technologies, intelligent vehicles are now approaching an era in which the vehicle can maintains a full panoramic awareness. Thus, the instrumented vehicle will be available to help the driver navigate the on-road environment, when the driver requests it. As predictive driver assistance systems are developed, it will be shown that cooperative integration, across vehicles, will improve the performance and overall on-road safety. We divide the scope of cooperation systems into four main areas: in-vehicle systems cooperation, vehicle-driver cooperation, cooperation across vehicles (V2V), and finally cooperation with vehicles and infrastructure (V2I). Each level of cooperation will quantitatively improve on-road safety performance, and allow for increased sophistication and prediction.
Wave-Coherent Airflow and Critical Layers over Ocean Waves

AbstractAn analysis of coherent measurements of winds and waves from data collected during the Office of Naval Research (ONR) High-Resolution air–sea interaction (HiRes) program, from the Floating Instrument Platform (R/P FLIP), off the coast of northern California in June 2010 is presented. A suite of wind and wave measuring systems was deployed to resolve the modulation of the marine atmospheric boundary layer by waves. Spectral analysis of the data provided the wave-induced components of the wind velocity for various wind–wave conditions. The power spectral density, the amplitude, and the phase (relative to the waves) of these wave-induced components are computed and bin averaged over spectral wave age c/U(z) or c/u*, where c is the linear phase speed of the waves, U(z) is the mean wind speed measured at the height z of the anemometer, and u* is the friction velocity in the air. Results are qualitatively consistent with the critical layer theory of Miles. Across the critical height zc, defined such tha...
A framework for understanding the interaction of uncertainty and information systems on supply chains

Purpose – Today, global supply chains must deal with large amounts of uncertainty. This paper seeks to provide a framework for understanding the different types of uncertainties that can impact supply chains and their attendant information systems.Design/methodology/approach – Addresses the following questions. What are the different types of uncertainty at the general macro level? How are these macro level uncertainty types broken down into more specific types of uncertainty seen in supply chains? What impact do these uncertainties have on the supply chain and the supporting IS, and what are the current methods for dealing with them?Findings – The term uncertainty is used as a generic reference for various and sundry different types of problems within the management of supply chains and their supporting information systems (IS). This can lead to confusion about what tools and techniques are available and which tools apply to which types of problems. The framework presented allows researchers and practiti...
The scientific error of Friedman's poor scholarship: A rejoinder

A recent article by Friedman published in this journal alleges that a study by Whitcher and Fisher (1979) in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology is sexist research. An examination of his critique reveals that the facts are not as he purports. A reading of the Whitcher and Fisher (1979) study shows that the authors followed explicitly APA (1977) guidelines for nonsexist language in writing their article.
Temporal Changes in Pelagic Biomass of Pleuroncodes Planipes Stimpson (Decapoda Anomura, Galatheidae) Off Baja California, Mexico

[L'echantillonnage pendant 18 jours de Pleuroncodes planipes a revele des changements dans la composition par taille de la population adulte. Deux groupes, l'un âge d'un an (I) et l'autre vraisemblablement de deux ans (II), ont ete identifies. La croissance de chaque groupe de taille s'accorde assez bien avec celles determinees anterieurement. La mortalite et l'emigration etant sans doute suffisamment faibles, l'augmentation de la biomasse totale pendant la periode d'observation a pu etre determinee a partir du taux de croissance en poids. Cependant la biomasse entre le fond et la surface de la mer, mesuree par echosondage, n'a pas change au total. Celle du groupe I a diminue tandis qu'elle a augmente dans le groupe II. On peut attribuer le changement affectant le groupe I a un deplacement d'une partie des individus vers le fond, ou ils ne peuvent plus etre mesures par echosondage. Le changement survenu dans le groupe II peut s'expliquer soit par une immigration soit par une ascension en provenance du fond., L'echantillonnage pendant 18 jours de Pleuroncodes planipes a revele des changements dans la composition par taille de la population adulte. Deux groupes, l'un âge d'un an (I) et l'autre vraisemblablement de deux ans (II), ont ete identifies. La croissance de chaque groupe de taille s'accorde assez bien avec celles determinees anterieurement. La mortalite et l'emigration etant sans doute suffisamment faibles, l'augmentation de la biomasse totale pendant la periode d'observation a pu etre determinee a partir du taux de croissance en poids. Cependant la biomasse entre le fond et la surface de la mer, mesuree par echosondage, n'a pas change au total. Celle du groupe I a diminue tandis qu'elle a augmente dans le groupe II. On peut attribuer le changement affectant le groupe I a un deplacement d'une partie des individus vers le fond, ou ils ne peuvent plus etre mesures par echosondage. Le changement survenu dans le groupe II peut s'expliquer soit par une immigration soit par une ascension en provenance du fond.]
Decision-making Competence: External Validation through an Individual-differences Approach.

This study asks to what extent (a) individuals show consistent performance differences across typical behavioral decision-making tasks, and (b) how those differences correlate with plausible real-world correlates of good decision making. Seven tasks, chosen to span the domain of decision-making skills, were administered to participants in an ongoing longitudinal study providing extensive social, psychological, and behavioral measures. Performance scores on individual tasks generally showed small, positive inter-task correlations. An aggregate measure of decision-making competence (DMC) was appropriately correlated with plausible sources, concomitants, and outcomes of good decision making, suggesting the underlying construct’s external validity. Higher DMC scores were associated with more intact social environments, more constructive cognitive styles, and fewer ‘maladaptive’ risk behaviors. In each case, DMC adds to the predictive validity of general measures of cognitive ability. These results suggest that poor decision making on common laboratory tasks is related to real-world antecedents and consequences of poor decision making. Copyright# 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive refinement of first order tetrahedral meshes for magnetostatics using local Delaunay subdivisions

A mesh refinement algorithm for arbitrary tetrahedral meshes has been developed. The algorithm is suitable for use in a variety of adaptive mesh refinement schemes and has the following features: (1) it can be applied to both optimal (Delaunay) and nonoptimal meshes, (2) new nodes are inserted using a perturbed edge bisection to prevent crossing edges, and (3) the Delaunay criterion is applied locally over each tetrahedron selected for refinement. The advantage of the local Delaunay subdivision is that it decouples the subdivision process, which reduces computation time. The method has been successfully applied to several magnetostatic problems modeled using first-order tetrahedra, and has produced refined meshes of over 215000 elements. >
Species Delimitation and Morphological Divergence in the Scorpion Centruroides vittatus (Say, 1821): Insights from Phylogeography

Scorpion systematics and taxonomy have recently shown a need for revision, partially due to insights from molecular techniques. Scorpion taxonomy has been difficult with morphological characters as disagreement exists among researchers with character choice for adequate species delimitation in taxonomic studies. Within the family Buthidae, species identification and delimitation is particularly difficult due to the morphological similarity among species and extensive intraspecific morphological diversity. The genus Centruroides in the western hemisphere is a prime example of the difficulty in untangling the taxonomic complexity within buthid scorpions. In this paper, we present phylogeographic, Ecological Niche Modeling, and morphometric analyses to further understand how population diversification may have produced morphological diversity in Centruroides vittatus (Say, 1821). We show that C. vittatus populations in the Big Bend and Trans-Pecos region of Texas, USA are phylogeographically distinct and may predate the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In addition, we suggest the extended isolation of Big Bend region populations may have created the C. vittatus variant once known as C. pantheriensis.
Zinc in bone.

THE role of zinc in biological systems has been the subject of many investigations during recent years. Addink1 suggested a possible correlation between the zinc content of blood and liver and the presence of cancer. No clear confirmation of this correlation has been obtained. Zinc has been found to be an integral portion of several enzymes by Vallee2. The high levels of zinc present in the prostate, in leucocytes and in sperm have been observed by a number of investigators3. In general, the understanding of the role of zinc in biological systems is still largely reduced to a description of concentration differences rather than of metabolic interactions.
An information theoretic approach for determining the minimum number of sensors in a wireless sensor network

We bridge a gap between Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) research and information theory research by utilizing information theoretic measures as top-level design metrics for WSNs. In particular, we use source coding theorems from information theory to determine a loose bound on the minimum number of sensors that must successfully report their measurements in order for the WSN to accurately estimate the features of some phenomenon. Although application of the information theoretic techniques is straightforward and this WSN problem has been well studied, to our knowledge this is the first time that these tools have been applied to the problem in a general setting.
A new way to evaluate the Probability and Fresnel integrals

In this article, we show how Laplace Transform may be used to evaluate variety of nontrivial improper integrals, including Probability and Fresnel integrals. The algorithm we have developed here to evaluate Probability, Fresnel and other similar integrals seems to be new. This method transforms the evaluation of certain improper integrals into evaluation of improper integrals of the corresponding Laplace transform, which in many cases are much easier.
Effects of husbandry practices, gender, and normal physiological variation on growth and reproduction of Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes

Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes, are currently used in a variety of research applications for toxicological and carcinogenesis research, yet the impact of certain husbandry factors on study outcome has received limited attention. In this study, we demonstrated significant effects of stocking density (SD), dietary restriction (DR) and photoperiod on somatic growth in medaka. Higher stocking densities significantly inhibited somatic and hepatic growth in females, while having no similar effects on males. Daily egg production declined in a step-wise manner in groups of fish stocked at densities ranging from 0.38 to 2.6 fish per l. Significantly slower somatic growth was observed in fish fed on a mildly restrictive dietary protocol compared with those fish fed to excess. Further significant declines were observed in somatic growth of fish fed at a rate comparable to that used in research studies (3-4% body weight (BW) per day). Fish reared at an 8-h light:16-h dark (8L/16D) photoperiod were significantly smaller than cohorts reared at a 16-h light:8-h dark (16L/8D) photoperiod and female sexual maturity was delayed in the short photoperiod cohort. In normal female medaka, a high degree of individual variation was observed in daily egg production, as well as diurnal fluctuations in ovarian weight, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI). These results indicate some husbandry factors affect growth, sexual maturation and egg production in medaka and should be taken into consideration in studies evaluating endpoints that may be impacted by growth and reproductive performance, i.e. carcinogenesis and endocrine disruption studies. The high degree of individual variation among normal females and daily fluctuations in organ weights should also be considered in study design.
The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) clinical trial: implications for lifestyle modifications in the treatment of hypertensive patients.

Lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss, sodium restriction, and limiting alcohol consumption, are important components of the initial treatment of hypertensive patients. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) study investigated the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure in individuals with diastolic blood pressure between 80-95 mmHg. Two different dietary patterns were tested in this feeding study. A diet enriched in fruits and vegetables and a diet enriched in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products and low in total and saturated fat (combination diet) were compared with a control diet. Dietary intake was adjusted so that participants did not lose weight, and all study diets had comparable sodium intake (approximately 3 grams/day). All meals were provided for 459 participants for an 11-week period. Those randomized to the combination diet (n = 151) had a significant change in systolic (-5.5 mmHg; p 90%) for all participants. The DASH combination diet is an effective lifestyle modification for lowering blood pressure in patients with high-normal or Stage 1 hypertension.
Identification in organizations: The role of self-concept orientations and identification motives

We develop an integrative framework that sheds light on managing multiple targets of employee identifications—specifically, coworker, workgroup, and organizational identifications. Drawing from cross-cultural and gender studies, we distinguish between individual tendencies (self-concept orientations) and self-definitions with specific relationships or groups (identifications). We explicate the role of individualist, relationist, and collectivist self-concept orientations, as well as identification motives, on organizationally relevant identifications and conclude with a discussion of the implications for identification in organizations.
A Review of Treatment With Couples Post-Affair: An Emphasis on the Use of Disclosure:

Studies conclude that extramarital affairs are considered by counselors to be the third most difficult marital problem to treat and the second most damaging problem to couples. Often times the dama...
Non-linear selection response in Drosophila : a strategy for testing the rare-alleles model of quantitative genetic variability

Quantitative genetic theory predicts that variation due to rare alleles at many loci will generate a transient acceleration in the response to directional selection. We have tested this prediction by constructing experimental lines of Drosophila melanogaster that carry positively selected ethanol resistance alleles at low frequencies, and then subjecting the lines to directional selection for ethanol resistance. Approximately 468,000 files were subjected to artificial selection over 30 generations. The predicted non-linear selection responses were observed in all experimental lines and replicates, on three genetic backgrounds. In contrast, un-selected controls and lines carrying random alleles at low frequencies on the same genetic backgrounds exhibited linear selection responses. These results demonstrate that non-linearities due to rare alleles are detectable and repeatable, provided that experiments are done on a sufficiently large scale. The results suggest that it may be possible to test for rare-alleles as a component of naturally occurring genetic variation by careful examination of selection response curves.
ADVANTAGES OF HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD FOR FOURIER TRANSFORM ION CYCLOTRON RESONANCE MASS SPECTROMETRY

It is well-known that mass resolving power in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) can increase linearly with increasing applied magnetic field induction, B. Here, we show that eight other FTICR primary performance parameters theoretically also increase linearly (quadrupolar axialization efficiency, data acquisition speed), quadratically (upper mass limit, maximum ion kinetic energy, maximum number of trapped ions, maximum ion trapping duration, two-dimensional FTICR mass resolving power), or inverse-quadratically (peak coalescence tendency) with increasing B. The origin of (and conditions for) the magnetic field dependence of each of these parameters are presented and discussed. These fundamental advantages lead to corollary improvement in other FTICR performance parameters: e.g. signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range, mass accuracy, ion remeasurement efficiency and mass selectivity for MS/MS. Finally, we note that these various advantages may be exploited in combination, so as to produce even higher enhancement in a particular parameter: e.g. signal-to-noise ratio can improve by more than a factor of B2 if mass resolving power is fixed at the same value as at lower magnetic field.
Abstract IA6: Targeting PI3K in cancer, mechanistic insights from genetic mouse models

The class 1a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is frequently activated in human cancer by a number of mechanisms, including amplification and/or activation of RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases), loss of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) function and somatic mutation in the PIK3CA gene that encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3K. Thus PI3K represents an attractive target for cancer therapy and tremendous efforts are being devoted to developing effective PI3K inhibitors for cancer treatment. Despite the great promise of targeted therapy, drug resistance is likely to develop, causing treatment failure. To elucidate resistance mechanisms to PI3K-targeted therapy, we constructed mouse models of breast cancer and brain tumors conditionally expressing an oncogenic allele of PIK3CA. Interestingly, we found that oncogenic PIK3CA-driven tumors in both mammary gland and brain tissues frequently recur in PI3K pathway-dependent and -independent manners. Genomic and functional analyses of recurrent tumors revealed multiple lesions, providing mechanistic insights for tumor recurrence and resistance to PI3K-targeted therapy.
Average search time for ground-vehicle target detectability

This paper summarizes N.P. Travnikova's model as a method to compare average search times by military observers using powered optics such as binoculars. Both discrete and continuous scanning methods are considered for target searches. This empirical model quantifies which type of vision system is best suited for the most efficient target detection for a given field of view. An analysis is also provided of the relative importance of target diameter, background luminance, and contrast upon overall detectability with the subsequent results compared to known field test data. The detectability of specific military ground vehicles over a variety of search and target acquisition tasks with several off-the-shelf binoculars is examined. Some examples on various types of search studies, such as compare looking at the target, both line retrace time effects, etc., for a low contrast target are also considered. This paper consists of two sections. The first explains the derivation of methodology and limits of its applicability. The second section offers a parametric analysis that compares the relative importance of target diameter, background luminance, and contrast upon overall target detectability with the subsequent results compared to field test data.
A relationship of diet to prey abundance and the foraging behavior of Trematomus bernacchii

Little information is available regarding fish diets in Antarctica and how they relate to prey availability. The primary objective of this work was to describe the diet of Trematomus bernacchii. The second objective was to compare prey taken with prey present in the benthos along a spatial gradient of prey abundance using Ivlev's Index of Electivity. All samples were collected from 4 different sites on the east side of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Fish were captured by divers at the same depth at each site and their stomachs were flushed for dietary analysis. The diet of T. bernacchii varied among sites, and prey selectivity varied inversely with prey abundance. Many of the prey taken by T. bernacchii were sedentary species suggesting that T. bernacchii is a hunt and peck predator.
Clock-speed as an independent variable in psychological research.

(1969). Clock-Speed as an Independent Variable in Psychological Research. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 81, No. 1, pp. 45-52.
Analysis of a passive vapor feed direct methanol fuel cell

The passive fuel delivery systems presented thus far have utilized the liquid phase as a transport medium. However, since methanol is a highly volatile component, the vapor phase can be utilized to transport methanol to the fuel cell. A one-dimensional analysis of the transport of methanol from the fuel source to the fuel cell is developed here, with the goal of describing the key issues. Operation of the fuel cell is further characterized with a full numerical model that captures transience, and also addresses fuel, water, and thermal management issues. The results show that the condensation of water onto a methanol evaporation pad needs to be limited if the operation time of the fuel cell is to increase.
Solid-phase synthesis of positively charged deoxynucleic guanidine (DNG) tethering a Hoechst 33258 analogue: triplex and duplex stabilization by simultaneous minor groove binding.

Deoxynucleic guanidine (DNG), a DNA analogue in which positively charged guanidine replaces the phosphodiester linkages, tethering to Hoechst 33258 fluorophore by varying lengths has been synthesized. A pentameric thymidine DNG was synthesized on solid phase in the 3‘ → 5‘ direction that allowed stepwise incorporation of straight chain amino acid linkers and a bis-benzimidazole (Hoechst 33258) ligand at the 5‘-terminus using PyBOP/HOBt chemistry. The stability of (DNA)2·DNG−H triplexes and DNA·DNG−H duplexes formed by DNG and DNG−Hoechst 33258 (DNG−H) conjugates with 30-mer double-strand (ds) DNA, d(CGCCGCGCGCGCGAAAAACCCGGCGCGCGC)/d(GCGGCGCGCGCGCTTTTTGGGCCGCGCGCG), and single-strand (ss) DNA, 5‘-CGCCGCGCGCGCGAAAAACCCGGCGCGCGC-3‘, respectively, has been evaluated by thermal melting and fluorescence emission experiments. The presence of tethered Hoechst ligand in the 5‘-terminus of the DNG enhances the (DNA)2·DNG−H triplex stability by a ΔTm of 13 °C. The fluorescence emission studies of (DNA)2·DNG−H triple...
Delivery of lysosomal enzymes for therapeutic use: glucocerebrosidase as an example.

Enzyme therapies for lysosomal storage diseases have developed over the past decade into the standard-of-care for affected patients. Such therapy for Gaucher disease has been the prototype, using natural source or recombinant forms of human acid β-glucosidase (GCase). In Gaucher disease, macrophages are the repository for the pathological lipid and the target for delivery of GCase. The macrophage mannose receptor provides a Trojan horse for intracellular delivery of intravenously administered GCase (man-GCase) with mannosyl-terminated oligosaccharide chains. Passage through several hostile compartments (e.g., plasma) leads to inefficient delivery of man-GCase to macrophage lysosomes. However, regular infusions of man-GCase re-establishes health in affected patients. Similar results are being obtained in several other lysosomal storage diseases. Evolving gene and chaperone approaches provide alternative treatment strategies.
Learning from adverse events and near misses.

Patient safety has received increasing attention since the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published To Err is Human suggesting that 3–4% of hospitalized patients will experience an adverse event. In looking closer at the etiology of these events, it is obvious that, as surgeons, we can play a major role in improving patient safety. Over half of all medical adverse events are surgical in nature and 75% of these occur in the operating room (OR). It therefore seems that the greatest improvements in patient safety will be achieved by targeting the OR for safety research and intervention. The predominance of operative adverse events is not surprising. Not only is the OR the site of the most invasive type of medical care, it is also one of the most complex work environments in which people perform. Yet, despite a large body of literature addressing safety and coordination in other complex work environments, limited research on the OR exists.
Diagnosing Modernity: Eric Voegelin’s Impact on the Worldview of Walker Percy

The works of Walker Percy have long been of interest to Catholic intellectuals, philosophers, and theologians. In particular, his social and cultural critique of modernity has found a wide reception. This article traces the influence of Eric Voegelin on Walker Percy, especially on his later fiction. Although previous scholarship has identified Voegelin’s influence on Percy, it has failed to appreciate its breadth. This article corrects previous scholarship and presents an understanding of this influence by comparing both figures’ analysis of language, scientism, and modern Gnosticism.
Identification of an mRNA-binding protein and the specific elements that may mediate the pH-responsive induction of renal glutaminase mRNA

Various segments of the 3'-nontranslated region of the renal glutaminase (GA) mRNA were tested for their ability to enhance turnover and pH responsiveness. The combined effects were retained in the 340-base R-2 segment. However, the combined R-1 and R-3 fragments also imparted a partial destabilization and pH responsiveness to a chimeric beta-globin mRNA. RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that cytosolic extracts of rat renal cortex contain a protein that binds to the R-2 and R-3 RNAs. The binding observed with the R-2 RNA was mapped to a direct repeat of an 8-base AU sequence. This binding was effectively competed with an excess of the same RNA, but not by adjacent or unrelated RNAs. UV cross-linking experiments identified a 48-kDa protein that binds to the AU repeats of the R-2 RNA. The apparent binding of this protein was greatly reduced in renal cytosolic extracts prepared from acutely acidotic rats. Two related RNA sequences in the R-3 segment also exhibited specific binding. However, the latter binding was more effectively competed by R-2 RNA than by itself, indicating that the homologous sites may be weaker binding sites for the same 48-kDa protein. Thus, a single protein may bind specifically to multiple instability elements within the 3'-nontranslated region of the GA mRNA and mediate its pH-responsive stabilization.
Utility of plastid psaB gene sequences for investigating intrafamilial relationships within Orchidaceae

DNA sequences of the plastid gene psaB were completed for 182 species of Orchidaceae (representing 150 different genera) and outgroup families in Asparagales. These data were analyzed using parsimony, and resulting trees were compared to a rbcL phylogeny of Orchidaceae for the same set of taxa after an additional 30 new rbcL sequences were added to a previously published matrix. The psaB tree topology is similar to the rbcL tree, although the psaB data contain less homoplasy and provide greater bootstrap support than rbcL alone. In combination, the two-gene tree recovers the five monophyletic subfamilial clades currently recognized in Orchidaceae, but fails to resolve the positions of Cypripedioideae and Vanilloideae. These new topologies help to clarify some of the anomalous results recovered when rbcL is analyzed alone. Both genes appear to be absent from the plastid genome of several achlorophyllous orchids, but are present in the form of presumably non-functional pseudogenes in Cyrtosia. This study is the first to document the utility of psaB sequences for phylogenetic studies of plants below the family level.
Active vibration control of a simply supported beam using a spatially distributed actuator

The application of a spatially shaped distributed actuator for the vibration control of a simply supported beam is studied both analytically and experimentally. The actuator consists of a layer of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF 2 ) bonded to one face of the beam. A summary of the underlying theory is presented, with emphasis on how controllability requirements affect the choice of the film's spatial distribution. The requisite film controller has a linearly varying spatial distribution that facilitates the control of both even- and odd-order vibrational modes. Experimental results are presented for the control of the beam's first three modes, using both the linearly varying as well as a uniform spatial distribution. The linearly varying distribution is shown to be effective in controlling both even- and odd-order modes, serving to increase the modal loss factors by up to a factor of 4.5. In addition, the experimental results are found to corroborate a simplified computer model of the controller.
Kindled seizures activate both branches of the autonomic nervous system

Abstract Amygdaloid kindled seizures in the rat induce an abrupt elevation of blood pressure accompanied by a significant decrease in heart rate. The autonomic pharmacology of this response was examined in unanesthetized kindled rats. Muscarinic receptor blockade with atropine (1 mg/kg, intravenous (i.v.)) abolished the seizure-induced bradycardia. The seizure-induced hypertension was unaffected by β-adrenergic blockade with timolol (1 mg/kg, i.v.), but was reduced by phentolamine (5 mg/kg, subcutaneous (s.c.)), an α-adrenergic receptor antagonist. A chemical sympathectomy was induced with 6-hydroxydopamine (100 mg/kg, i.v.), an agent that does not cross the blood–brain barrier. This eliminated the pressor response but did not completely block the seizure-induced bradycardia. The effectiveness of 6-hydroxydopamine was tested with tyramine (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) an agent that releases endogenous catecholamines. These results indicate amygdaloid kindled seizures activate both branches of the autonomic nervous system. The bradycardia was mediated by the parasympathetic system; the pressor response was caused by an increase in peripheral resistance due to α-adrenergic receptor activation. More important, these findings show that kindling is a useful seizure model for future studies on the effect of seizures on cardiovascular function and possible mechanisms of seizure-related sudden unexplained death.