cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrical and structural properties of nano-crystalline silicon intrinsic layers for nano-crystalline silicon solar cells prepared by very high frequency plasma chemical vapor deposition

Abstract Thin silicon intrinsic layers were deposited in the amorphous to nano-crystalline transition regime to investigate their structural and optoelectrical properties using the very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD) technique. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was primarily used to monitor the plasma properties during the deposition. The ratio H α / Si * , estimated from OES spectra, is closely related to the microstructure of the films. With the increasing plasma power from 10 to 50 W, the ratio H α / Si * increases leading to nano-crystalline films. The ratio H α / Si * decreases with the increase of process gas pressure at constant power of 15 and 30 W. The films were nano-crystalline at low pressure and became amorphous at high pressure.
Supercooled liquid water clouds in Utah winter mountain storms : cloud-seeding implications of a remote-sensing dataset

Abstract A polarization lidar, dual-wavelength microwave radiometer, and radiosonde dataset from 19 winter storms studied over the Tushar Mountains in the 1985 and 1987 UtahNOAA cooperative weather modification field campaigns are used to characterize embedded supercooled liquid water (SLW) clouds. The findings show the dominance of barrier-level. mildly supercooled (0° to −10°C) orographic clouds, as identified by the lidar from a midbarrier field site. The combined lidar and radiometer (with liquid water depths greater than or equal to 0.05 mm) data sample indicates an SLW cloud frequency of occurrence of about 73% of the time the lidar was operating, although only 51% of the lidar shots detected SLW clouds because of the frequent presence of range-limiting attenuation from snowfall. A significant development from this study is the application of a new autonomous computer algorithm for identifying SLW clouds store single normalized lidar shots, using only the height derivative of the returned signal an...
Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory in a Preadolescent Twin Sample

This study evaluated the genetic and environmental structure of personality variables from the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI), in 605 pairs of 9- and 10-year old twins. There is a paucity of information on the biometric structure of temperament and character traits in preadolescent children. Latent factor models were fit to the subscales/items of each trait as a method of estimating genetic and environmental effects on true score variance, especially since internal consistency and reliability were moderate or low for some scales (particularly Reward Dependence and Persistence). Shared environmental influences on Cooperativeness were substantial. Significant heritability estimates were obtained for Self-directedness and Harm Avoidance, but not Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence or Persistence. With the exception of Harm Avoidance, each of the scales failed to show measurement invariance with respect to sex, suggesting these scales may differ in meaning for boys and girls at this age.
Soil Carbon and Crop Yields Affected by Irrigation, Tillage, Cropping System, and Nitrogen Fertilization

Management practices are needed to reduce soil C losses from croplands converted from Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grassland. We evaluated the effects of irrigation, tillage, cropping system, and N fertilization on surface residue and soil organic C (SOC) at the 0- to 85-cm depth in relation to crop yields in a sandy loam soil from 2005 to 2011 in croplands converted from CRP in western North Dakota. Treatments were two irrigation practices (irrigated vs. nonirrigated) as the main plot and six cropping systems [CRP, conventional till malt barley (L.) with N fertilizer (CTBN), conventional till malt barley without N fertilizer (CTBO), no-till malt barley–pea (L.) with N fertilizer (NTB-P), no-till malt barley with N fertilizer (NTBN), and no-till malt barley without N fertilizer (NTBO)] as the split plot arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications. Soil surface residue amount and C content were greater in CRP and NTBN than the other cropping systems. At 0 to 5 cm, SOC was greater in irrigated CRP, but at 0 to 85 cm it was greater in nonirrigated NTBN than most other treatments. At 0 to 20 cm, SOC increased by 0.26 to 1.21 Mg C ha yr in NTB-P and CRP but decreased by 0.02 to 0.68 Mg C ha yr in other cropping systems. Surface residue C and SOC at 0 to 10 cm were related to annualized crop grain yield (= 0.45–0.77, ≤ 0.12, = 10). Because of positive C sequestration rate and favorable crop yields, NTB-P may be used as a superior management option to reduce soil C losses and sustain yields in croplands converted from CRP in the northern Great Plains.
Clinical correlates of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings after acute cerebral infarction

Background and Purpose We sought to determine whether lactate and N-acetyl signals measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the first days after stroke correlate with clinical measures of disability and functional outcome. Methods One-dimensional spectroscopic imaging was performed after stroke on 32 patients using a 2.1-T magnet. The Toronto Stroke Scale score at the time of the MRS study and the Barthel Index score at hospital discharge were determined from patient records. Lesion volume was estimated by a tracing algorithm from the scout magnetic resonance image obtained as part of the MRS study. The scaled lactate and N-acetyl signals from the voxel having the highest measured lactate were used to predict the clinical variables and lesion volume, as well as relative perfusion within the lesion, in those patients who underwent single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) blood flow imaging, using a multiple regression analysis. The correlation of lesion volume with the clinical...
Visions of exploration

Abstract The word “exploration” threads its way through every discussion of human space flight and often headlines national policy statements about the US space agency. Yet this concept, so rooted in our culture, remains remarkably ill-defined. In this paper, we examine various presumptions implicit in the term and its ramifications for federally supported space endeavors. We argue that historical examples of exploration, widely used by policy makers, often make poor models for contemporary space travel. In particular, historical precedents of exploration set up a land-biased view of discovery, a restriction which impedes full expression of the Vision for Space Exploration and its possible scientific returns. These same precedents also set up a view of discovery that is biased toward in situ human presence, a view that modern technology is rendering increasingly absurd.
An altered adenylate cyclase in cdc35-1 cell division cycle mutant of yeast

Adenylate cyclase activity was studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae's cell division cycle (cdc) mutant 35-1. The temperature sensitive mutant cdc35-1 was previously mapped as an allele of cyr, the adenylate cyclase gene. However, the adenylate cyclase activities of membranes prepared from cdc35-1 were not thermosensitive. The adenylate cyclase activity of cdc35-1 was found to have an altered Mn2+ dependency and did not respond to Gpp(NH)p stimulation. These results suggest that cdc35-1 mutation may not be at the catalytic site but at a site where adenylate cyclase interacts with regulatory proteins.
Phosphorylation and acetylation of chromatin conjugate protein A24.

Abstract An analysis was made of the phosphorylation and acetylation of chromatin protein A24, a conjugate of histone 2A and ubiquitin. 32 P-orthophosphate was incorporated into phosphoserine of histone 2A and protein A24 in Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells in culture. The ratio of 32 P incorporation and the pattern of tryptic digestion of 32 P-labeled protein A24 indicated that the histone 2A component was phosphorylated and the ubiquitin component was not. Analysis of e-N-acetyl lysine in protein A24, histone 2A and ubiquitin showed that while protein A24 and histone 2A were acetylated, ubiquitin was not. Apparently, even though it is conjugated with ubiquitin, the histone 2A portion of protein A24 has the same modifications as free histone 2A. The lack of modification of ubiquitin differs from that of high mobility group (HMG) non-histone chromatin proteins with which it is co-extracted from chromatin.
Transient and steady‐state permeation in poly(ethylene terephthlate) above and below the glass transition

Transient and steady-state permeation data are reported for CO2 in semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) for temperatures ranging from 25 to 115°C over the pressure range from 1 to 20 atm. The pressure dependency of the time lag and permeability disappears completely above the glass transition of the polymer, and Fick's law with a concentration-independent diffusion coefficient applies. In the glassy state, a concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient is necessary to describe the data. The form of this concentration dependence is described well by the partial immobilization transport model that attributes a different mobility to each of the two populations of sorbed gas which exist in local equilibrium with each other in glassy polymers. The importance of reporting the pressure used in transport experiments involving glassy polymers is emphasized by comparing the difference in the activation energy of the apparent diffusivity calculated from the measured time lag at 1 and 20 atm. Also, the magnitude of the observed slope discontinuity at Tg in Arrhenius plots of these apparent diffusities is shown to be a function of the upstream pressure used in the experiment. The independently measured time lags are compared with the predicated values calculated from various transport models and found to be described best by the partial immobilization model.
Clinical analysis of a variant of Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (DA2B)

We describe the clinical characteristics of a provisionally unique form of distal arthrogryposis. The anomalies observed in affected individuals are more severe than those in distal arthrogryposis type 1 and are similar to but less dramatic than those described in distal arthrogryposis type 2A (Freeman-Sheldon syndrome). Consequently, we label this disorder distal arthrogryposis type 2B (DA2B). Affected individuals have vertical talus, ulnar deviation, severe camptodactyly, and a distinctive face characterized by a triangular shape, prominent nasolabial folds, downslanting palpebral fissures, small mouth, and a prominent chin. A gene for DA2B maps to chromosome 11p15.5. We suggest that DA2B is partly responsible for the clinical variability observed in Freeman-Sheldon syndrome.
Design of liposomes for enhanced local release of drugs by hyperthermia

Liposomes can be designed to release an entrapped drug preferentially at temperatures attainable by mild local hyperthermia. In a test system in vitro, protein synthesis by Escherichia coli is inhibited and killing of the cells is enhanced by heating neomycin-containing liposomes to their phase transition temperature to maximize drug release. In the presence of serum the ratio of release at 44 degrees C to that at 37 degrees C can be made greater than 100:1, suggesting possible applications in the treatment of tumors or local infection.
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – Africa’s diplomatic capital

Abstract As the national capital, Addis Ababa remains the economic, political and administrative hub of Ethiopia. In the last 50 years, the city has gained international significance as the headquarter of the African Union (AU), UN Economic Commission for Africa (UN-ECA) and a regional office for a number of international organizations including UNDP, UNESCO and the European Economic Commission (EEC). However, like many cities in the developing world, Addis Ababa is facing a number of problems related to population growth, lack of economic opportunities, inadequate infrastructure, shortage of housing, and large areas of informal development with major environmental problems. This profile identifies some of the strategic planning elements that the city could adopt as Addis Ababa strives to develop into a premier metropolitan area for a sustainable community and a diplomatic capital.
Two-pathway coherent control of photoelectron angular distributions in molecular NO

Abstract We report the observation of two-pathway coherent control in a bound-free transition for the molecular system, NO. This control is manifested as a modulation of the photoelectron angular distribution produced by coherent one- and two-photon ionization. Photopreparation of an initial state and use of an intermediate-state resonance in the two-photon arm of the interfering interaction helps to reduce the number of possible photoionization channels.
So, you are buying your first computer

Buying your first computer need not be that complicated. The first thing that is needed is an understanding of what you want and need the computer for. By making a list of the various essentials, you will be on your way to purchasing that computer. Once that is completed, you will need an understanding of what each of the components of the computer is, how it works, and what options you have. This way, you will be better able to discuss your needs with the salesperson. The focus of this article is limited to personal computers or PCs (ie, IBMs [Armonk, NY], IBM clones, Compaq [Houston, TX], Gateway [North Sioux City, SD], and so on). I am not including Macintosh or Apple [Cupertino, CA] in this discussion; most software is often made exclusively for personal computers or at least on the market for personal computers before becoming available in Macintosh version.
The Relationships Among Man's Activities in Watersheds and Estuaries: A Model of Runoff Effects on Patterns of Estuarine Community Metabolism

Activities of man in rivers and their watersheds have altered enormously the timing, magnitude, and nature of inputs of materials to estuaries. Despite an awareness of large-scale, long-term changes in river-estuarine watersheds, we do not fully understand the consequences to estuarine ecosystems of these activities. Deforestation, urbanization, and agriculturalization have changed the timing and nature of material inputs to estuaries. Conversion of land from forest to almost any other land use promotes overland flow of storm runoff; increases the timing, rate and magnitude of runoff; and increases sediment, organic matter, and inorganic nutrient export. It has been estimated that total organic carbon levels in rivers have increased by a factor of 3–5 over natural levels. Man’s activities have also changed the magnitude of particulate organic carbon relative to dissolved organic carbon export and the lability of the organic matter. Historically, rivers and streams had different features than they do today. Two of man’s activities that have had pronounced effects on the timing and quality of river water are channelization and damming. Agricultural drainage systems, channelized and deepened streams, and leveeing and prevention of overbank flooding have had the combined effect of increasing the amplitude and rate of storm runoff, increasing sediment load, increasing nutrient delivery downstream, and decreasing riparian wetland productivity. Dams on the other hand have altered natural discharge patterns and altered the downstream transfer of sediments, organic matter, and nutrients. Patterns of estuarine community metabolism are sensitive to variations, in the timing, magnitude, and quality of material inputs from watersheds. The autotrophic-heterotrophic nature of an estuary is determined by three primary factors: the ratio of inorganic to organic matter inputs, water residence time, and the overall lability of allochthonous organic matter inputs. A simulation model is used to explore the effects of man’s activities in watersheds on the spatial patterns of production and respiration in a generalized estuarine system. Examined are the effects of variations in the ratios of inorganic and organic nitrogen loading, the residence time of water in the estuary, the degradability of allochthonous organic matter, and the ratio of dissolved to particulate organic matter inputs. Simulations suggest that the autotrophic-heterotrophic balance in estuaries is more sensitive to variations in organic matter loading than inorganic nutrient loading. Water residence time and flocculation-sedimentation of organic matter are two physical factors that most effect simulated spatial patterns of metabolism in estuaries.
SeqNet: a connectionist network for rule driven sequential problem solving

Summary form only given, as follows. A method for enhancing connectionist networks with sequential processing abilities is proposed. Sequentiality is achieved without global operations applied to the network, and is considered nontrivial since it can arise without dependence on changes to the network's input by the environment. The method is realized physically in the architecture of SeqNet, a connectionist model which generates sequential steps to solve problems in a simple blocks-world manipulation domain. SeqNet uses explicit microrules in the form of condition-action pairs loosely similar to those in a symbolic production system, but the rules are implemented using the same type of simple computing unit used for internal representations of the environment. A local attractor energy minimization procedure drives the microrule matching process, while the nontrivial sequentiality arises from the controlled absence of weight symmetry between units. The result is a connectionist architecture which inherits some of the strengths of both traditional symbolic approaches to sequential problem solving and connectionist constraint satisfaction approaches. >
Kinetics of martensitic transformation induced by a tensile stress pulse

The kinetics of martensitic transformation induced by a tensile stress pulse (generated by the reflection of a compressive shock wave at a free surface) in time durations in the microsecond range, were studied in an Fe-32wt%Ni-0.035wt%C alloy. The tensile hydrostatic component of stress interacts with the dilatational strain (~0.04) of the martensitic transformation and increases the Ms temperature. Shock waves were produced by normal impact of a projectile on a target in a one-stage gas gun. Impact experiments were conducted by varying either the temperature (−10 to −50°C), or pulse duration (0.22−1.76 μs) at a constant pressure. The martensitic transformation, normally considered to be athermal in Fe-Ni-C alloys, exhibits an isothermal nature in the microsecond regime. The fraction transformed increases with decrease in temperature at a constant pulse duration, and increase in pulse duration at a constant temperature. The mean volume of the lenticular martensite was found to be constant throughout the progress of the transformation, consistent with the autocatalytic spreading of clusters. The activation energies for γ→α' transformation in the Fe-32wt%Ni-0.035wt%C alloy, calculated with a modified version of Pati and Cohen's kinetic equation [Acta metall. 17, 189 (1969)], range from 38,000 J/mol at −10°C to 25,000 J/mol at −60°C. The activation energies are linearly related to the total driving force (chemical free energy change + mechanical work due to the transformation). The activation volume for the transformation was calculated and found to be equal to approximately 60 atoms (0.7nm3). This indicates that the martensitic nucleation in this alloy, and under the imposed stress conditions, is interface-mobility controlled.
Carbon dioxide detection using a co-doped Tm-Ho optical fiber

A Tm-Ho co-doped optical fiber laser exhibits significant fluorescence between 1.6 and 2.1 micrometers . Such a fiber can from the basis of a gas detection system, since many gases of interest have overtone absorption bands in this wavelength region: in particular, carbon dioxide, methane, arsine, replacement gases for refrigerants, and nitrous oxide. Using this fiber we have demonstrated a simple shceme for the detection of overtone absorption bands of carbon dioxide in the 2 micrometers region. The detection sensitivity for carbon dioxide with this present method is of the order of 1%.
Increased preference for ethanol in rhesus monkey by training of drug-seeking behavior

A new reinforcement-based technique applicable to oral alcohol self-administration is presented. Training effects on rhesus monkeys are discussed in relation to subsequent increased voluntary alcohol intake.
Dead labor, landscapes, and mass graves: Administrative violence during the Cambodian genocide

Abstract An estimated 300 mass grave sites, and more than 19,000 burial pits, have been unearthed in Cambodia. These graves mark the sites where approximately 2 million Cambodians died, either from starvation, disease, or execution. In recent years considerable research has directed attention both to the forensic study of Cambodia’s mass graves and also to the politics of memorialization in Cambodia. Less attention has addressed the actual, material production of mass graves during the genocide; consequently, our understanding of the social relations that embody concrete forms of violence remains inadequate. In this paper I draw conceptually on ‘administrative violence’ as a means of bridging direct and structural violence. In so doing I detail how law-making and law-preserving forms of violence intersect with the imposition of structures of violence. This paper therefore makes two contributions—one theoretical, the other empirical. On the one hand I contribute to the burgeoning geographic literature on violence, specifically, through an elaboration of administrative violence; and, on the other hand, I reconsider the spatial practices of Democratic Kampuchea, thereby contributing to a more geographically-informed understanding of the Cambodian genocide.
Life in the Cloud: A WorldShare Management Services Case Study

A small, private academic library took the risk of moving from a traditional integrated library system to adopting a system “in the cloud.” This case study presents the setting, history, and local needs of the library, including staffing challenges, and explains the decision-making rationale and process. A description of the library's transition process to Online Computer Library Center, Inc.'s WorldShare Management Services is followed by an assessment of whether its hopes for the new system have been fulfilled. Although other libraries are beginning to use cloud-based systems, the technology, philosophy, and practice of this new type of library management service have yet to be fully tested.
The influence of elections on federal reserve behavior

A political business cycle is tested in a monetary reaction function. Positive evidence is a result of the 1930s and 1940s and not post-war elections. In addition, there is no evidence of such a cycle in a rational expectations model.
On diffusion flame attachment near cold surfaces

Abstract The transport layer concept is employed to derive an algebraic equation for the premixed flame (PF) arc shape in a tribrachial or triple flame near a cold wall. The PF arc shape degenerates from a triple flame (when the flame tip is far from the cold, porous surface located at the exit plane) into a “flame nub” (when the flame tip is close to the exit plane). The dependence of the PF arc shape on the heat losses to the upstream wall enters through the upstream quench-zone temperature profile contained in the modified Damkohler number, d , given by Eq. 13 . This progressive degradation of the triple flame structure is consistent with all available numerical solutions of the equations of combustion theory. It is also consistent with experimental observations in opposed-flow flame spread and for attached burner (jet) flames.
ANALYTIC EVALUATION OF THREE-ELECTRON ATOMIC INTEGRALS WITH SLATER WAVE FUNCTIONS

The formulas of Fromm and Hill and of Remiddi, for the three-electron correlated atomic integral using Slater-type atomic orbitals, are shown to be equivalent in their common region of applicability. The demonstration required the derivation of an identity connecting dilogarithm functions which is either new or not widely known. It is then shown how to modify the more general of these formulas (that of Fromm and Hill) to eliminate the necessity of branch tracking in the complex plane and thereby to achieve a straightforwardly computable formalism. By obtaining a formal cancellation of the individual-term singularities in the Fromm-Hill formula, problems of numerical instability are also avoided. The work is validated with a computer program and sample calculations.
Second-order type-changing evolution equations with first-order intermediate equations

Abstract This paper presents a partial classification for C ∞ type-changing symplectic Monge–Ampere partial differential equations (PDEs) that possess an infinite set of first-order intermediate PDEs. The normal forms will be quasi-linear evolution equations whose types change from hyperbolic to either parabolic or to zero. The zero points can be viewed as analogous to singular points in ordinary differential equations. In some cases, intermediate PDEs can be used to establish existence of solutions for ill-posed initial value problems.
Structure and Reversible Pyran Formation in Molybdenum Pyranopterin Dithiolene Models of the Molybdenum Cofactor

The syntheses and X-ray structures of two molybdenum pyranopterin dithiolene complexes in biologically relevant Mo(4+) and Mo(5+) states are reported. Crystallography reveals that these complexes possess a pyran ring formed through a spontaneous cyclization reaction of a dithiolene side-chain hydroxyl group at a C═N bond of the pterin. NMR data on the Mo(4+) complex suggest that a reversible pyran ring cyclization occurs in solution. These results provide experimental evidence that the pyranopterin dithiolene ligand in molybdenum and tungsten enzymes could participate in catalysis through dynamic processes modulated by the protein.
Estrogen receptor α and β heterodimers exert unique effects on estrogen- and tamoxifen- dependent gene expression in human U2OS osteosarcoma cells

The 17beta-estradiol (E2) receptor isoforms [estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and ERbeta] bind E2 and selective ER modulators (SERMs) as homodimers (alpha/alpha or beta/beta) or heterodimers (alpha/beta) to regulate gene expression. Although recent studies have shown that ER homodimers regulate unique sets of E2-responsive genes, little information exists regarding the transcriptional actions of the ERalpha/beta heterodimer. This paper describes the development of a U2OS human osteosarcoma (osteoblast) cell line stably expressing both ERalpha and ERbeta isoforms at a ratio of 1:4, a ratio reported to exist in normal, mature osteoblast cells derived from cancellous bone. The regulation of endogenous genes by E2 and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen were measured in these cells using gene microarrays and real-time RT-PCR. Both E2 and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen were shown to regulate unique sets of endogenous genes in the U2OS-ERalpha/beta heterodimer cell line (20% and 27% of total, respectively), compared with all the genes regulated in U2OS-ER homodimer cell lines. Furthermore, two novel E2-regulated genes, retinoblastoma binding protein 1 and 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, were found to contain estrogen response element-like sequences that directly bind the ERalpha/beta heterodimer. These results suggest that the expression of both ER isoforms, forming functional ERalpha/beta heterodimers, result in unique patterns of gene regulation, many of which are distinct from the genes regulated by the ER homodimers.
Bioactive modification of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels for tissue engineering

In this review, we explore different approaches for introducing bioactivity into poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. Hydrogels are excellent scaffolding materials for repairing and regenerating a variety of tissues because they can provide a highly swollen three-dimensional (3D) environment similar to soft tissues. Synthetic hydrogels like PEG-based hydrogels have advantages over natural hydrogels, such as the ability for photopolymerization, adjustable mechanical properties, and easy control of scaffold architecture and chemical compositions. However, PEG hydrogels alone cannot provide an ideal environment to support cell adhesion and tissue formation due to their bio-inert nature. The natural extracellular matrix (ECM) has been an attractive model for the design and fabrication of bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering. ECM-mimetic modification of PEG hydrogels has emerged as an important strategy to modulate specific cellular responses. To tether ECM-derived bioactive molecules (BMs) to PEG hydrogels, various strategies have been developed for the incorporation of key ECM biofunctions, such as specific cell adhesion, proteolytic degradation, and signal molecule-binding. A number of cell types have been immobilized on bioactive PEG hydrogels to provide fundamental knowledge of cell/scaffold interactions. This review addresses the recent progress in material designs and fabrication approaches leading to the development of bioactive hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds.
Kinetics of sensitization of herpes simplex virus and its relationship to the reduction in the neutralization rate constant.

Abstract Incubation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) with rabbit anti-HSV for as little as 2.5 minutes rendered 75% of the surviving fraction neutralizable by anti-rabbit-γ-globulin antiserum. The degree of this sensitization increased with time and at 20 minutes over 99.8% of the surviving virus was sensitized. Neutralization kinetics showed that as the degree of sensitization increased, the neutralization rate constant decreased. Incubation of HSV with anti-HSV for 5, 20, and 120 minutes resulted, respectively, in a 23%, 59%, and 87% reduction in the neutralization rate constant. These findings suggest that sensitization is an important factor in the inhibition of neutralization and the formation of the persistent fraction.
Emotions, memory suppression, and identity.

Much of bioethics remains keenly focused on the questions that emerge from what has been called a juridical conception of ethics (Walker 1998). 1 And so, Henry et al. (2007) ask in their subtitle, ...
The Spatiotemporal Dialectic of Estrangement

In 1935 in Moscow, Mei Lanfang famously showed Brecht (and others) some gestures of classic Chinese theatre. This, Brecht said, was the source of his theory of “alienation.” Was it ethnocentric for Brecht to assume that the feeling of strangeness he experienced watching Mei Lanfang was intended by Mei? Can one talk about the Verfremsdungeffkt at all without generalizing from audience response to artist intention, or from artist intention to audience response?
Sensory-modality opinion scales for individual subjects

In two sessions each, 16 subjects were asked to match apparent handgrip force and apparent duration in a counterbalanced order to the pronounceability of 12 trigrams in order to assess sensory modality opinion scales for individuals. Scales for individuals, like those for group data, were consistent across tasks and showed reliability across sessions. Subjects displayed strong agreement on the relative pronounceabilities of the trigrams according to Kendall’s test for concordance. A significant intersession correlation for subjects’ multimodality exponents indicated reliable differences in these exponents among individuals. Comparisons with psychophysical scales were made and discussed.
The role of metal binding and phosphorylation domains in the regulation of cisplatin-induced trafficking of ATP7B

The copper (Cu) exporter ATP7B mediates cellular resistance to cisplatin (cDDP) by increasing drug efflux. ATP7B binds and sequesters cDDP in into secretory vesicles. Upon cDDP exposure ATP7B traffics from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the periphery of the cell in a manner that requires the cysteine residues in its metal binding domains (MBD). To elucidate the role of the various domains of ATP7B in its cDDP-induced trafficking we expressed a series of mCherry-tagged variants of ATP7B in HEK293T cells and analyzed their subcellular localization in basal media and after a 1 h exposure to 30 μM cDDP. The wild type ATP7B and a variant in which the cysteines in the CXXC motifs of MBD 1-5 were converted to serines trafficked out of the trans-Golgi (TGN) when exposed to cDDP. Conversion of the cysteines in all 6 of the CXXC motifs to serines, or in only the sixth MBD, rendered ATP7B incapable of trafficking on exposure to cDDP. Truncation of MBD1-5 or MBD1-6 resulted in the loss of TGN localization. Addition of the first 63 amino acids of ATP7B to these variants restored TGN localization to a great extent and enabled the MBD1-5 variant to undergo cDDP-induced trafficking. A variant of ATP7B in which the aspartate 1027 residue in the phosphorylation domain was converted to glutamine localized to the TGN but was incapable of cDDP-induced trafficking. These results demonstrate that the CXXC motif in the sixth MBD and the catalytic activity of ATP7B are required for cDDP-induced trafficking as they are for Cu-induced redistribution of ATP7B; this provides further evidence that cDDP mimics Cu with respect to the molecular mechanisms by they control the subcellular distribution of ATP7B.
Effect of Strain Gage Length When Determining Residual Stress by Slitting

This paper investigates the effect of strain gage length on residual stress estimated by the slitting (or crack compliance) method. This effect is quantified for a range of gage length normalized by sample thickness, lit, between 0.005 and 0.100. For specific lit values, compliance matrix elements are determined by finite element methods for a range of crack depth and polynomial basis functions for residual stress. Resulting compliance matrices are shown and used to determine error in residual stress that may arise due to differences in lit assumed in data reduction and existing in the slitting experiment. Errors increase monotonically with increasing difference between assumed and actual lit and reach a root-mean-square error of 14% of peak stress. In order to avoid such errors, a scheme is presented that allows compliance matrices to be computed for 0.005≤l/t ≤0.100 from tabulated coefficients and limits root-mean-square error to <2% of peak stress. An example is provided to illustrate the application of the data reduction scheme to laboratory data.
Psychophysiological effects of a large non-experimental dose of LSD-25.

Sunimary.-A 31-yr.-old male ingested a 0.065 mg/kg non-experimenral dosage of LSD-25 (powder form). He was discovered within 30 min., after having vomited copiously, and emergency treatment was begun within 45 min. Associated physiological and behavioral changes are reported, as well as emergency procedures employed.
Use of intravenous secretin during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to facilitate endoscopic clearance of pancreatic duct stones.

Abstract Background/Aims Pancreatic duct calcifications are common in chronic pancreatitis. Secretin (SEC) stimulates pancreas duct cells to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid. SEC may aid fragmentation and facilitate excretion of pulverized pancreatic stones during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The aim was to evaluate the effect of SEC administered during ESWL on clearance of main pancreatic stone (MPDS) at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods Between Jan. 2003 and Sept. 2010, patients with MPDS who were treated with ESWL and ERCP were identified retrospectively. The number and diameter of calcifications were assessed at pre-ESWL images. Before 2006, ESWL was performed without SEC stimulation. From 2007, 16 μg of SEC was administered IV near the beginning of ESWL at the discretion of the managing physician. Clearance of the pancreatic duct was assessed with ERCP after ESWL. Results A total of 233 consecutive cases (SEC group: 71, no SEC group: 162) were tallied. Overall there were 310 ESWLs and 332 ERCPs in the 233 cases. On univariate analysis, the use of SEC showed significantly higher rate of complete MPDS clearance (63% vs. 46%, p = 0.021) after first ESWL/ERCP. The number of repeat sessions of ESWL/ERCP was similar between the two groups (SEC vs. No SEC, ESWL/ERCP: 1.27 vs. 1.36/1.34 vs. 1.46). Independent predictors of complete/nearly complete stone clearance included the use of SEC ( p = 0.005), pre-ESWL pancreatic stent ( p = 0.001). Conclusions Secretin during ESWL appears to aid clearance of MPDS in chronic calcific pancreatitis. Further prospective randomized studies would be of interest.
Production of strange particles at intermediate p T in central Au+Au collisions at high energies

The recombination model is applied to the production of $K,\ensuremath{\phi},\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ , and \ensuremath{\Omega} at all ${p}_{T}$ in central Au+Au collisions. The thermal-shower component of the recombination is found to be important for $K$ and \ensuremath{\Lambda}, but only in a minor way for \ensuremath{\phi} and \ensuremath{\Omega} in the intermediate to high ${p}_{T}$ region. The normalization and inverse slope of the thermal partons in the strange sector are determined by fitting the low-${p}_{T}$ data. At higher ${p}_{T}$ the data of $K,\ensuremath{\Lambda},\ensuremath{\phi}$, and \ensuremath{\Omega} in the log scale are all well reproduced in our study that extends the thermal contribution and includes the shower contribution. The calculated result on the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}/K$ ratio rises to a maximum of around 2 at ${p}_{T}\ensuremath{\approx}4$ GeV/$c$, arching over the data in linear scale. The production of \ensuremath{\phi} and \ensuremath{\Omega} are shown to arise mainly from the recombination of thermal partons, thus exhibiting exponential ${p}_{T}$ dependences in agreement with the data. Their ratio, ${R}_{\ensuremath{\Omega}/\ensuremath{\phi}}$, rises linearly to ${p}_{T}\ensuremath{\approx}4$ GeV/$c$ and develops a maximum at ${p}_{T}\ensuremath{\approx}5.5$ GeV/$c$. It is argued that the ${p}_{T}$ spectra of \ensuremath{\phi} and \ensuremath{\Omega} reveal directly the partonic nature of the thermal source that characterizes quark-gluon plasma. Comments are made on the \ensuremath{\Omega} puzzle due to the simultaneous observation of both the exponential behavior of the \ensuremath{\Omega} spectrum in ${p}_{T}$ and the existence of low-${p}_{T}$ particles associated with \ensuremath{\Omega} as trigger.
A different view on human albumin—authors’ reply

We thank Drs Nohe and Dieterich for their comments on our recent article in this journal, in which we reported that physiological concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and recombinant human serum albumin (HSA) selectively inhibit TNFα-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in human aortic endothelial cells [1]. In contrast, neither E-selectin nor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression were inhibited by BSA [1]. We also observed that BSA inhibits TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) [2]. This result is consistent with the inhibitory effect of HSA on TNFα-mediated VCAM-1 expression in HUVEC reported by Nohe et al. [3]. However, these authors also found that contaminants in two different preparations of HSA can upregulate expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in resting and TNFα-stimulated HUVEC, respectively [3]. Nohe …
Shellwise virial scaling: Approximation for atomic hole states

A partitioning of the kinetic and potential energies of atoms within the SCF framework into shell components is proposed. It is demonstrated that this partitioning nearly satisfies a shellwise viral theorem for SCF wave functions. This property is used in order to generate approximate relaxed wave functions for atomic hole states by scaling each shell of the frozen description of the hole in terms of the neutral-atom ground-state orbitals. Very good estimates of ΔSCF relaxation energies and reasonable estimates of the overlap integrals between the frozen and relaxed hole wave functions are obtained.
Increased Production of Paired Helical Filament Epitopes in a Cell Culture System Reduces the Turnover of τ

To investigate the regulation of posttranslational modifications of tau that might be pertinent to the production of the paired helical filament (PHF) of Alzheimer's disease, we incubated human neuroblastoma cells with the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. This treatment results in increased immunoreactivity of tau with the monoclonal antibodies Alz-50, PHF-1, T3P, and NP8, a reduction in Tau-1 immunoreactivity, and an elevation in apparent molecular weight of tau. Moreover, our data demonstrate that accumulation of phosphates in tau leads to a decrease in the turnover rate of tau in the neuroblastoma cells. It is suggested that similar build-up of hyperphosphorylated tau in the neuronal perikarya may represent an early event in PHF formation. The present system facilitates the investigation of regulatory mechanisms governing the occurrence of PHF epitopes, their effects on neuronal cell metabolism, and possible pharmacological intervention.
Single platform passive Doppler geolocation with unknown emitter frequency

This paper describes a novel particle filter technique to geolocate radio frequency emitters with unknown emitter frequency using passive, Doppler-shifted frequency measurements12. Doppler-based geolocation algorithms suffer in general, from the non-linear and coupled relationship between the unknown emitter location, unknown emitter frequency, and observed Doppler-shifted frequency measurements. This non-linearity precludes a computationally efficient, closed-form implementation and directs algorithmic solutions toward robust but inaccurate and computationally expensive grid-based techniques. The new method leverages the rapid particle convergence properties developed in the simultaneous location and mapping (SLAM) community with the robustness of grid-based solutions to define a new more effective importance density. The new method's performance is compared against a standard sampling importance resample (SIR) particle filtering implementation and the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound. Results indicate that the new approach can significantly improve the convergence rate with far fewer particles.
Mathematics Computer Software Characteristics with Possible Gender-Specific Impact: A Content Analysis

This study analyzes, as a function of grade level, the representation of gender, competition, and violence in seventeen top-selling educational software programs designed for use in the mathematics classroom. The percent of male characters and voices portrayed and the percent of female characters and voices portrayed are reported for each software program. A violence percentage, competition against program percentage, and competition against peer percentage are reported for each program. The results indicate that the mean percentages of violence, mean percentages of competition against the program, and mean percentages of competition against a peer increase across grade level. The mean percentages of female characters and voices portrayed decrease with grade level.
Rational Modification of a Candidate Cancer Drug for Use Against Chagas Disease

Chagas disease is one of the major neglected diseases of the world. Existing drug therapies are limited, ineffective, and highly toxic. We describe a novel strategy of drug discovery of adapting an existing clinical compound with excellent pharmaceutical properties to target a pathogenic organism. The protein farnesyltransferase (PFT) inhibitor tipifarnib, now in phase III anticancer clinical trials, was previously found to kill Trypanosoma cruzi by blocking sterol 14α-demethylase (14DM). We rationally developed tipifarnib analogues that display reduced affinity for human PFT to reduce toxicity while increasing affinity for parasite 14DM. The lead compound has picomolar activity against cultured T. cruzi and is efficacious in a mouse model of acute Chagas disease.
Classification and diagnostic criteria in systemic vasculitis

Approximately 20 different primary forms of vasculitis are recognized, not all of which have been included in classification schemes or consensus statements regarding nomenclature. A variety of classification schemes have been proposed over the past 50 years, many predicated upon the size of the primary type of vessel involved in a given disease, as well as other considerations that include demographic features, organ tropism, the presence or absence of granulomatous inflammation, the role of immune complexes in pathophysiology and the association of autoantibodies with some forms of vasculitis. All classification schemes to date have had shortcomings owing to the substantial gaps in knowledge about vasculitis, but the American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of some forms of vasculitis are useful for the purpose of including patients in research studies. The Chapel Hill Consensus Conference has clarified some existing controversies in nomenclature of the systemic vasculitides. Robust diagnostic criteria for the various forms of vasculitis have, however, remained elusive.
Second-Order Change in Marriage and Family Therapy: A Web-Based Modified Delphi Study

Second-order change is a central concept in Marriage and Family Therapy, but still remains poorly operationalized. We conducted a web-based modified Delphi study with 31 established faculty members currently teaching in COAMFTE-accredited Master's and Doctoral programs in the United States and in Canada to identify consensus regarding second-order change concepts, clinical operationalization, evaluation, and teaching principles. Numerous exemplars of first and second-order change were generated, but consensus on most items was low. Consensus was highest for pedagogy and low regarding concepts and clinical examples of first-order change and evaluation of second-order change. Results suggest clearer definitions and better measurement of systemic change are needed.
Biological information fusion using a PCNN and belief filtering

Biological information fusion results from the combination of sensed current and learned past information. The paper focuses on modeling visual cortex information fusion where a pulse coupled neural network simulates the linking procedure to segment related spatial information of the primary visual cortex and a belief filter to confirm target identity with movement information of the medial temporal cortex.
Swarming and mating behavior of a mayfly Baetis bicaudatus suggest stabilizing selection for male body size

Large size often confers a fitness advantage to female insects because fecundity increases with body size. However, the fitness benefits of large size for male insects are less clear. We investigated the mating behavior of the mayfly Baetis bicaudatus to determine whether the probability of male mating success increased with body size. Males formed mating aggregations (swarms) ranging from a few to hundreds of individuals, 1-4 m above the ground for about 1.5-2 h in the early morning. Females that flew near swarms were grabbed by males, pairs dropped to the vegetation where they mated and then flew off individually. Some marked males returned to swarms 1, 2 or 3 days after marking. Larger males swarmed near spruce trees at the edges of meadows, but the probability of copulating was not a function of male body size (no large male advantage). Furthermore, the potential fitness advantage of mating with larger, more fecund females was not greater for large males (no size- assortative mating). However, the sizes of copulating males were significantly less variable than those of non- mating males collected at random in swarms. Intermediate male size may be optimal during mating because of trade-offs between flight agility and longevity or com- petitive ability. Results of this study are consistent with the hypotheses that there is stabilizing selection on adult male body size during mating, and that male body size in this species may be influenced more by selection pres- sures acting on larvae than on adults.