cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lysophosphatidylcholine-stimulated protein and glycoprotein production by human gallbladder mucosal cells.

It has been demonstrated in experimental cholecystitis in cats produced by lysophosphatidylcholine that the development of inflammation is associated with the exsorption of a large amount of protein into the gallbladder lumen. It was subsequently demonstrated that in feline experimental cholecystitis the protein produced was albumin and that its production was decreased by vesicular transport inhibitors, suggesting an active secretory process. In the present study, the effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on protein production by fresh, isolated human gallbladder mucosal cells was evaluated. Isolated gallbladder mucosal cells were incubated with [14C]leucine for 24 hr in tissue culture medium. The cells readily incorporated the radioactive label into cellular protein, a process inhibited by cycloheximide. Exposure of the cells to lysophosphatidylcholine for 1 hr in buffer solution resulted in loss of intracellular protein into the buffer solution. Exposure of the cells for 1 hr prior to lysophosphatidylcholine administration to vesicular transport inhibitors, colchicine, and cytochalasin B and to 4°C culture conditions failed to alter the lysophosphatidylcholine-produced passage of the14C label extracellularly. SDS-PAGE evaluation of the protein produced demonstrated that human gallbladder mucosal cells continuously produced a 66-kDa protein that was not increased by increasing concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine and a 14-kDa protein that increased with increasing concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine. Employing Western blotting with specific antibodies, the 66-kDa protein was demonstrated to not be albumin but a 66-kDa glycoprotein, and the 14-kDa protein was demonstrated to contain phospholipase A2. Human gallbladder mucosal cells produced a protein and glycoprotein in response to lysophosphatidylcholine by a mechanism not related to vesicular transport.
Nonlinear Behavior of Drift Wave Oscillations in a Single-Ended Q-Device

Harmonic Drift wave oscillations accompanied by sidebands have been observed in a single-ended Q-device with collisionless Lithium plasma. The power spectrum of the harmonics is found to fall off with frequency as f -4.8±0.6 in agreement with the theoretical prediction of plasma turbulence by F.F. Chen. The generation of sidebands due to trapped particles by the wave is inconsistent with the results. It is probably due to the modulation of the drift wave by the low frequency oscillation which is observed simultaneously. A transition from a discrete spectrum to turbulence occurs as the magnetic fields is increased and the formation of turbulence appears to be related to sideband interactions.
Anaerobic biogenesis of phenol and p-cresol from L-tyrosine

Abstract Biological production of p-cresol occurred in an anaerobic medium containing protein after the medium was inoculated with material from one of several anaerobic systems, including swine waste, petroleum-contaminated sediment, municipal sewage sludge and pristine pond sediment. Addition of the amino acid l -tyrosine was accompanied by an increase in p-cresol concentration and the appearance of phenol. When a defined medium containing [U-14C] l -tyrosine was inoculated with petroleum-contaminated sediment, radioactivity recovered as phenol and p-cresol accounted for 4.6% and 22% of the original, respectively, showing that l -tyrosine was a precursor for both compounds. The results indicate that microorganisms that degrade l -tyrosine with the production of phenol or p-cresol occur in widely diverse anaerobic systems. The question is raised of whether phenol and p-cresol from this source could mimic low-level petrochemical pollution.
Molecular sieves in the nanotechnology era

This article discusses recent experiences on rewarding academic chemical engineering research in the field of nanoporous materials to provide possible directions for short- and long-term academic research opportunities. The development of a new selective adsorbent that can be fine-tuned by manipulating its framework flexibility is described as an example that, despite all the accumulated knowledge, there is still room for scientific breakthroughs and enabling technologies based on nanoporous materials in traditional fields like adsorption and gas separation. The synthesis and commercialization of molecular sieve membrane technology are also discussed as a distinct chemical engineering contribution to the field.
Comparison of effects of anatoxin-a(s) and paraoxon, physostigmine and pyridostigmine on mouse brain cholinesterase activity.

Comparison of effects of anatoxin-a(s) and paraoxon, physostigmine and pyridostigmine on mouse brain cholinesterase activity. Toxicon26, 750 – 753, 1988. — Anatoxin-a(s), an alkaloid neurotoxin from the freshwater cyanobacterium, Anabaena flos-aquae NRC-525-17, was compared to paraoxon, physostigmine and pyridostigmine for effects on brain cholinesterase after i.p. injection into Balb/c mice. The duration of clinical signs in mice injected with anatoxin-a(s) persisted longer than in mice given the carbamates and was comparable with that of paraoxon. Anatoxin-a(s) did not inhibit brain cholinesterase activity suggesting that this toxin is unable to cross the blood - brain barrier.
Aggressive squamous carcinomas of the scalp.

BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinomas of the scalp sometimes exhibit unusually aggressive behavior. OBJECTIVE To describe a series of 11 cases of extraordinarily aggressive squamous cell carcinomas of the scalp. METHODS These cases were selected based on a number of criteria including their tendency to recur after Mohs surgery, their propensity to develop satellite lesions, their tendency to invade bone, and their tendency to metastasize to regional nodes and systemically. A chart review was performed for each patient. RESULTS Five of 11 patients have succumbed to their disease. Of note is that the patients all had significant long-standing alopecia or thinning of their hair with marked actinic damage. Initial biopsies of the tumors revealed them to be either moderate or well-differentiated. Four of 11 patients developed satellite lesions and experienced recurrences despite obtaining clear margins with Mohs micrographic surgery. CONCLUSION Squamous cell carcinomas of the scalp may metastasize and cause death. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of these neoplasms is mandatory. In the setting of satellitosis, it is believed that it is best to perform a wide excision with margin control followed by split-thickness grafting and postoperative irradiation. The employment of radiation therapy, however, should be done with appropriate caution owing to the significant risk of osteoradionecrosis.
Applications of time-scale methods to linear and nonlinear wave propagation in a one-dimensional disordered lattice

Displacement events of nearest neighbor spring coupled mass points, embedded in a semi-infinite, periodic 1D lattice, which is driven at constant velocity at one end, are studied. The displacements of the mass points are due to small amplitude, linear oscillations, and large amplitude, low frequency translations due to nonlinear waves, or solitons, propagating on the lattice. The translational symmetry of the underlying rigid periodic lattice is broken by defect sites whose positions and amplitudes are random. Because of intermittent reflections and transmissions of the solitons at the impurity defect sites, there results stick- slip motions of the mass points of varying magnitudes and durations. The joint distribution for these events, of magnitude (delta) x and duration (delta) t, is approximated by way of the zero crossings of the wavelet transform of the displacement time series of a tracer atom in the complex flow. There follows estimates of the scaling laws of statistical quantities characterizing the motion.
DIRECT QUARK-MODEL CALCULATION OF WEAK NONLEPTONIC MATRIX-ELEMENTS

It is shown how wave-packet techniques developed by Donoghue and Johnson may be utilized to calculate parity-violating nonleptonic hyperon decay amplitudes directly---without the use of current algebra and PCAC (partial conservation of axial-vector current).
Adrenocorticotropin Alteration of Bovine Peripheral Plasma Concentrations of Cortisol, Corticosterone, and Progesterone,

Abstract Seven Holstein cows, 60 to 90 days postpartum, received either 200 IU ACTH (n=4) or saline (n=3) intravenously with treatments reversed 2 days later. Blood samples (30 ml) were collected from indwelling jugular catheters at −60, 0 pre-injection, and 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min postinjection. Solvent extraction, purification by Sephadex LH-20 column chomatography and competitive protein-binding analyses were used to isolate and quantify plasma cortisol, corticosterone, and progesterone. Mean cortisol (ng/ml) at the respective sampling times was 3.1 vs. 3.6 (saline vs. ACTH), 4.9 vs. 4.1, 5.9 vs. 33.7, 8.8 vs. 30.0, 4.8 vs. 45.8, 3.3 vs. 28.8, 3.2 vs. 31.3, 4.4 vs. 36.6, 2.6 vs. 26.8 and 5.2 vs. 34.7. Both the magnitude of the cortisol response and the interval to maximum response to ACTH varied among cows (P
Estimates of the Social Cost of Carbon: Concepts and Results from the DICE-2013R Model and Alternative Approaches

AbstractThe social cost of carbon (SCC) is an important concept for understanding and implementing climate change policies. This term represents the economic cost caused by an additional ton of carbon dioxide emissions (or more succinctly carbon) or its equivalent. The present study describes the development of the concept, provides examples of its use in current US regulator policies, examines its analytical background, and estimates the SCC using an updated integrated assessment model, the DICE-2013R model. The study estimates that the SCC is $18.6 per ton of CO2 in 2005 US dollars and international prices for the current period (2015). For the central case, the real SCC grows at 3% per year over the period to 2050. The major open issues concerning the SCC continue to be the appropriate discount rate, the potential for catastrophic damages, the impact of incomplete harmonization of abatement policies, and the effects of distortionary taxes.
6Li, 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of lithium coordination in binary phosphate glasses

{sup 6}Li and {sup 7}Li solid state magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used to investigate the local coordination environment of lithium in a series of xLi{sub 2}O {center_dot} (1-x)P{sub 2}O{sub 5} glasses, where 0.05 {le} x {le} 0.55. Both the {sup 6}Li and {sup 7}Li show chemical shift variations with changes in the Li{sub 2}O concentration, but the observed {sup 6}Li NMR chemical shifts closely approximate the true isotropic chemical shift and can provide a measure of the lithium bonding environment. The {sup 6}Li NMR results indicate that in this series of lithium phosphate glasses the Li atoms have an average coordination between four and five. The results for the metaphosphate glass agree with the coordination number and range of chemical shifts observed for crystalline LiPO{sub 3}. An increase in the {sup 6}Li NMR chemical shift with increasing Li{sub 2}O content was observed for the entire concentration range investigated, correlating with increased cross-linking of the phosphate tetrahedral network by O-Li-O bridges. The {sup 6}Li chemical shifts were also observed to vary monotonically through the anomalous glass transition temperature (T{sub g}) minimum. This continuous chemical shift variation shows that abrupt changes in the Li coordination environment do not occur as the Li{sub 2}O concentration is increased, and such abrupt changes can not be used to explain the T{sub g} minimum.
A non representationalist view of model explanation

Abstract In this paper, I examine two idealized models in astrophysics, with the aim of showing that the idealizations in these models play an important explanatory role. I argue, against many representationalists, that it is because of the idealizations in these models, rather than in spite of them, that the models turn out to have explanatory power. In many cases, this claim can be extended to the use of idealized models in the sciences more generally, and thus it gives important insight into the nature of model explanation.
Variational calculation of the muon – alpha-particle sticking probabilities in the muon-catalyzed fusion dtμ→μ 4 He+n

\ensuremath{\mu}-\ensuremath{\alpha} sticking probabilities have been calculated for the S state and the P state, using a high-precision three-body variational wave function. The 0.90% S-state sticking probability agrees with previous works using other methods. It is necessary to calculate two sets of sticking probabilities and fusion rates for the J=1, \ensuremath{\nu}=0 state, from which an effective sticking probability of 0.31% is calculated. As in all previous calculations, the traditional sudden approximation is used whenever possible. In addition, it is necessary to average the sticking probability over a small region of nuclear influence instead of evaluating it at the point of nuclear coalescence.
The Journal Project Research at the Boundaries Between Social Sciences and the Arts

The Journal Project is a qualitative research study of self at the crossroads—a female, middle-aged academic, posttenure, postmenopausal—at sea in her profession and not entirely able to inhabit her own skin. My solution to this dilemma was to study an 18-month period of my personal journals written from June 2006 to March 2008, the period after I received tenure from my university. I used standard qualitative research methods of document analysis to study the 303 entries. The materials were organized and analyzed within NVivo, a qualitative data analysis software. Throughout the process of standard social science analysis, I was also employing arts-based approaches (fiber arts in particular) to deepen and extend my understanding of the findings. The outcome of this work was an exhibit of the fiber works at a qualitative research conference in which I was able to blend the findings derived from a social science analysis within an arts-based presentation. In this piece, I describe the genesis of the Journa...
Quality of life scores as prognostic factors of overall survival in advanced head and neck cancer: analysis of a phase III randomized trial of pemetrexed plus cisplatin versus cisplatin monotherapy.

Summary Objectives: We examined the prognostic factors (clinical, demographic, and health-related quality of life [HRQoL]) of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer (HNC) who were treated with pemetrexed plus cisplatin versus cisplatin in a phase III, multinational, randomized trial. Materials and Methods: Five subscales of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck Cancer (FACT-HN HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61–0.90), race (Caucasian versus non-Caucasian; HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.98 per table), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS; 0/1 versus 2; HR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.35–0.56), prior surgery/radiotherapy in the last 6 months (no versus yes; HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61–0.90), and primary site of disease (oral cavity versus other; HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.15–1.63) were significantly prognostic of OS in univariate models, as were baseline scores on four FACT-HN HRs = 0.82–0.94; all P ⩽ 0.002). In multivariate models, significant prognostic factors were age (HR = 0.78); race (HR = 0.76 per table); ECOG PS (HR = 0.56); prior surgery/radiotherapy (HR = 0.76); and baseline scores of the FACT-HN all P ⩽ 0.014 per table). Conclusions: The results suggest that baseline HRQoL scores are prognostic indicators of OS in recurrent/metastatic HNC in addition to other known clinical and demographic indicators. HRQoL might be considered as a stratification factor in randomized clinical trials of recurrent/metastatic HNC.
Multiuser code acquisition in multipath channels

An adaptive algorithm for code acquisition in a direct sequence CDMA system is proposed. The algorithm is based on simultaneous channel estimation for multiple users. Its operation is demonstrated with up to four users transmitting over a 2 km shallow water channel within a 24 kHz acoustic bandwidth. Experimental results demonstrate the possibility of successful acquisition in the presence of strong multipath, with acquisition times on the order of a few hundred chip intervals.
Memory Prefetching Using Adaptive Stream Detection

We present Adaptive Stream Detection, a simple technique for modulating the aggressiveness of a stream prefetcher to match a workload?s observed spatial locality. We use this concept to design a prefetcher that resides on an on-chip memory controller. The result is a prefetcher with small hardware costs that can exploit workloads with low amounts of spatial locality. Using highly accurate simulators for the IBM Power5+, we show that this prefetcher improves performance of the SPEC2006fp benchmarks by an average of 32.7% when compared against a Power5+ that performs no prefetching. On a set of 5 commercial benchmarks that have low spatial locality, this prefetcher improves performance by an average of 15.1%. When compared against a typical Power5+ that does perform processor-side prefetching, the average performance improvement of these benchmark suites is 10.2% and 8.4%. We also evaluate the power and energy impact of our technique. For the same benchmark suites, DRAM power consumption increases by less than 3%, while energy usage decreases by 9.8% and 8.2%, respectively. Moreover, the power consumption of the prefetcher itself is low; it is estimated to increase the power consumption of the Power5+ chip by 0.06%.
The Genome of a Very Virulent Marek's Disease Virus

Here we present the first complete genomic sequence, with analysis, of a very virulent strain of Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV1), Md5. The genome is 177,874 bp and is predicted to encode 103 proteins. MDV1 is colinear with the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) within the unique long (UL) region, and it is most similar at the amino acid level to MDV2, herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), and nonavian herpesviruses equine herpesviruses 1 and 4. MDV1 encodes 55 HSV-1 UL homologues together with 6 additional UL proteins that are absent in nonavian herpesviruses. The unique short (US) region is colinear with and has greater than 99% nucleotide identity to that of MDV1 strain GA; however, an extra nucleotide sequence at the Md5 US/short terminal repeat boundary results in a shorter US region and the presence of a second gene (encoding MDV097) similar to the SORF2 gene. MD5, like HVT, encodes an ICP4 homologue that contains a 900-amino-acid amino-terminal extension not found in other herpesviruses. Putative virulence and host range gene products include the oncoprotein MEQ, oncogenicity-associated phosphoproteins pp38 and pp24, a lipase homologue, a CxC chemokine, and unique proteins of unknown function MDV087 and MDV097 (SORF2 homologues) and MDV093 (SORF4). Consistent with its virulent phenotype, Md5 contains only two copies of the 132-bp repeat which has previously been associated with viral attenuation and loss of oncogenicity.
Regulation of serum-induced fibronectin expression by protein kinases, cytoskeletal integrity, and CREB.

Lung injury, characterized by the flooding of interstitial and alveolar spaces with serum proteins, induces the expression of fibronectin (FN). This cell-adhesive extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein is believed to modulate inflammation and wound repair. Murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts transfected with a 1.2-kb human FN promoter-reporter gene were studied to gain insight into the mechanisms involved in the induction of FN by serum. Transcription of the FN gene, followed by FN protein production, was enhanced by 10% fetal bovine serum. This effect was blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinases. ECMs typically found in injured tissues (i.e., type I collagen, fibrin, and FN) had no effect. Conversely, disruption of actin microfilaments inhibited, whereas disruption of microtubular assembly enhanced, the serum-induced FN response. The stimulatory effects of serum and microtubular disruption on FN gene transcription were related to increased DNA binding of the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein. The data suggest that regulation of serum-induced FN expression in fibroblasts is dependent on protein kinases and on cytoskeletal integrity.
Phase I Study of Direct Intralesional Gene Transfer of HLA-B7 into Metastatic Renal Carcinoma Lesions

Renal cancer cell lines exhibit deficient expression of MHC class I antigens required for appropriate CTL stimulation. Nabel et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90: 11307-11311, 1993) demonstrated that direct gene transfer of the deficient class I MHC molecule into melanoma cells would stimulate their immune destruction. Stopeck et al. (J. Clin. Oncol., 15: 341-349, 1997) demonstrated the clinical use of this approach in melanoma patients. We investigated the safety and ability to bestow gene expression via intratumoral transfer of escalating amounts of lipid-formulated plasmid DNA encoding for the MHC HLA-B7 gene product Allovectin-7 into metastatic renal cancer lesions. Fifteen patients with histologically confirmed, HLA-B7-negative metastatic renal cancer received intratumoral injection of Allovectin-7 on an escalating dose schedule. Tumors were evaluated serially by computed tomography scan, ultrasound, and physical examination. Presence of the HLA-B7 gene and protein was determined via PCR, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical staining in serial biopsy specimens. HLA-B7 gene, mRNA, or protein expression could be conclusively demonstrated in 8 of 14 patients (57%). Three patients had tumor biopsy to assess the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and all three had higher posttreatment levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. There were no significant clinical responses or toxicity at the site of injection or at other, noninjected tumor sites. This study demonstrated that intratumoral injection of Allovectin-7 is safe, feasible, and associated with minimal toxicity. This approach was capable of bestowing gene expression, possible resulting in antitumor CTL response. Despite lack of tumor regression in this series of renal cancer patients, the simplicity and low toxicity of this approach commend it for Phase II studies in renal and other cancers, as well as for transfection with other genes.
1997 NAPNAP membership survey.

The sample surveyed in 1997 showed few demographic changes from the sample surveyed in 1992 (See Table 1) (Dunn 1993a). Pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) continue to age; 40.9% are 40 to 49 years of age and 24.2% are age 50 years or older. As in 1992 the vast majority of PNPs are women. The number of years that respondents have been employed as a PNP spans a wide range with a bimodal distribution at 3 to 5 years (22%) and again at more than 15 years (26%). Specialty preparation for NAPNAP members is usually as a PNP (92.5%) but an increasing number of NAPNAP members are prepared as neonatal nurse practitioners (3.9% in 1997 vs. 0.78% in 1992). Other specialty preparations include family and school nurse practitioners. No one indicated that they were prepared as an acute care nurse practitioner. (excerpt)
Towards Mathematically Modeling the Anonymity Reasoning Ability of an Adversary

With the aim to preserve privacy over a communications network, a plethora of anonymous protocols have been proposed along with many empirical investigations into specific adversary attacks over those networks. However, few formal methods have been adequately developed and applied towards anonymous systems with the goal of modeling how an adversary reasons about anonymity. Indeed, many analyses assume a passive, global adversary but fail to provide a rigorous approach to defining and modeling anonymity concepts to ensure information and data assurance as is customary when formally proving other security aspects of a system. Hence, this paper proposes the possibilistic anonymity logical model (PALM) for capturing the knowledge and reasoning ability of an adversary in an anonymous network.
Rheology Control in High Solids Solvent Borne Coatings Containing Polymer Microgels

The focus of this work is to determine the type of interparticle forces that are primarily responsible for the rheology control of high solids solvent borne coatings containing polymer microgels. Rheological behavior is an important consideration when formulating high solids coatings due to the relatively low viscosities required for sufficient atomization during spray application and the difficulty of preventing the film from sagging during the bake cycle. Rheology control agents such as microgels are used to modify rheological properties where solvent evaporation is insufficient during the bake cycle to prevent sagging. In this paper that describes the first phase of our work, we have characterized several microgel dispersions used as rheology control agents in high solids automotive topcoats using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and steady shear viscosity measurements. The steady shear viscosity versus microgel volume fraction data was compared with the expected behavior of ideal hard sphere dispersions. One of the microgel dispersions showed very nearly ideal behavior while others deviated from the expected behavior at higher volume fractions. We have also investigated the steady shear behavior of increasing concentrations of microgel dispersions added to low molecular weight acrylic polymer, typical of resins used in high solids automotive coatings. These microgel dispersions induce a yield stress in the Newtonian resin that shows a strong dependence on microgel particle concentration.
Determinants of Bank Competition

This paper uses the Panzar-Rosse (PR) methodology to measure bank competition in the European Union banking sector and in some developed and developing countries. We apply the method for the time period 2000 to 2008. Our findings indicate that monopolistic competition existed in most of the countries under consideration.
Load Balancing Parallel Explicit State Model Checking

This paper first identifies some of the key concerns about the techniques and algorithms developed for parallel model checking; specifically, the inherent problem with load balancing and large queue sizes resultant in a static partition algorithm. This paper then presents a load balancing algorithm to improve the run time performance in distributed model checking, reduce maximum queue size, and reduce the number of states expanded before error discovery. The load balancing algorithm is based on generalized dimension exchange (GDE). This paper presents an empirical analysis of the GDE based load balancing algorithm on three different supercomputing architectures---distributed memory clusters, Networks of Workstations (NOW) and shared memory machines. The analysis shows increased speedup, lower maximum queue sizes and fewer total states explored before error discovery on each of the architectures. Finally, this paper presents a study of the communication overhead incurred by using the load balancing algorithm, which although significant, does not offset performance gains.
The Safety and Efficacy of Adefovir Dipivoxil, a Novel Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Therapy, in HIV-Infected Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Adefovir dipivoxil is a novel nucleotide analogue with several promising in vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) characteristics. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil monotherapy, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was initiated involving 72 subjects with moderately advanced HIV disease. Subjects were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive adefovir dipivoxil or placebo as a once-daily oral dose for 6 weeks, followed by 6 weeks of open-label adefovir dipivoxil. Two dose levels were studied (125 mg and 250 mg). Adefovir dipivoxil was determined to be safe and well-tolerated when administered for 12 weeks. At week 6, changes in absolute CD4 T cell levels and HIV-1 RNA levels were significantly greater with adefovir dipivoxil than with placebo. These effects were sustained through 12 weeks of treatment. As determined by standard RNA sequencing techniques, only 1 of the 24 subjects who received adefovir dipivoxil (125 mg/day) developed any genotypic change from baseline.
Exploring Emotions during ERP Adoption: A Stakeholder Analysis

Emotions play a central part in a person's work experience and have been a topic in organizational behavior for about two decades. Nowhere is there greater potential for emotion-eliciting events than in conjunction with large-scale organizational transformations such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. However, little research exists regarding the role of emotions in information systems development and implementation. This research is a case study that seeks to explore affect and emotional reactions from the perspectives of the different stakeholders involved the selection of an ERP package. The results show that ERP selection is a very emotional phase during the ERP implementation life cycle. There are however differences in the emotional experiences of three different types of stakeholders: experts, representatives, and users. These results may have important implications for the proper staffing and management of cross-functional teams in information systems development and implementation.
Precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: age-related immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular subsets.

We analyzed the clinicopathologic and molecular findings in 26 adults (age 16-72 years) with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and observed features that correlated with age. Patients older than 60 years (n = 5) had a low frequency of hepatosplenomegaly (0 [0%]), anterior mediastinal mass (1 [20%]), and lymphadenopathy (2 [40%]), and completely responded to chemotherapy (4 of 4). The T-ALL in this group commonly expressed myeloid antigens (4 [80%]), had lineage-inappropriate gene rearrangements (2/3 [67%]) and chromosome 2 deletion (3/4 [75%]), and exclusively used the V III or V IV families of the T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma gene. In comparison, patients 16 to 60 years old (n = 21) more commonly had an anterior mediastinal mass (8 [38%]), hepatosplenomegaly (10 [48%]), and lymphadenopathy (16 [76%]). The tumors in these patients commonly used the TCR gamma gene V I or V II families (17/25 total rearrangements [68%]). Myeloid antigen expression (5 [24%]) and lineage inappropriate gene rearrangements (4/15 [27%]) were uncommon. Within this group, CD1a expression correlated with age 28 to 60 years. These results illustrate considerable age-related heterogeneity in adult T-ALL, which may reflect differences in tumor cell maturation. Malignant lymphoid neoplasms of precursor T-cell origin have been designated as precursor T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma in the recently published World Health Organization classification for hematologic neoplasms. 1 Most of these neoplasms arise in patients in the second and third decades of life, who commonly develop an anterior mediastinal mass, lymphadenopathy, and organomegaly. Although most patients have involvement of the bone marrow or peripheral blood at the time of diagnosis, the true incidence of leukemic involvement is unclear. 2 Arbitrary cutoffs that have been used to separate acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from lymphoblastic lymphoma include the presence of circulating blasts and more than 25%
Thymoma: A multivariate analysis of factors predicting survival

Background. Despite complete surgical excision, malignant thymomas often recur with resultant death. We reviewed our series to determine which factors independently predict survival after surgical resection. Methods. A retrospective analysis of patients operated on for thymoma between 1949 and 1993 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center was performed. Clinical data were collected from chart review. Only patients with a pathology report confirming the diagnosis of thymoma were included in this analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated and comparisons of survival analyzed by log rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed by the Cox proportional hazards model. Results. One hundred eighteen patients with thymoma underwent operation. There were 86 complete resections (73%), 18 partial resections (15%), and 14 biopsies (12%). By Masaoka staging, 25 patients were stage I (21%), 41 stage II (35%), 43 stage III (36%), and 9 stage IVa (8%). Overall survival was 77% at 5 years and 55% at 10 years. Tumor recurred in 25 (29%) of 86 completely resected thymomas. Stage of disease ( p = 0.03) was the only independent prognostic factor affecting recurrence. By multivariate analysis, stage ( p = 0.003), tumor size ( p = 0.0001), histology ( p = 0.004), and extent of surgical resection ( p = 0.0006) were independent predictors of long-term survival. Conclusions. Patients with stage I disease require no further therapy after complete surgical resection. Neoadjuvant therapy should be considered for patients with large tumors and invasive disease.
Distribution of dopamine D1-D4 receptor subtypes in human dorsal vagal complex.

The distribution of D1/D5, D2/D3, D2/D3/D4, and individually, putative D2-D4 receptors across the dorsal vagal complex of the human medulla was assessed with quantitative receptor autoradiography. D1/D5 receptors were found in very low levels. D2 receptors were concentrated in the intermediate and medial subnuclei of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN), while D3 receptors were more homogenous across the entire NTS, area postrema (AP), and DMN. In contrast, D4 receptors were found almost exclusively in the intermediate and medial subnuclei of the NTS, and in the DMN. These findings suggest that the “D2 family” of receptors is an important component of brain stem mechanisms regulating visceral function, including gastrointestinal systems, such as emesis, along with cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. Compounds with individual selectivity for D2, D3, or D4 receptors may be useful in the manipulation of neural networks regulating these visceral systems. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.1
Interaction of Physical and Mental Workplace Stressors: Their Impact on Spinal Loads

For the first time, this study investigated how individuals react to both physical and mental workplace factors and how these reactions impact the loads on the spine. Thirty males and thirty females performed asymmetric lifting tasks at two different lift rates (2 and 8 lifts/min) and accompanied by two levels of mental concentration demands (none and keyboard entry task). Three-dimensional spinal loads were found to be greater for the faster lift rate and highest when mental concentration accompanied the fastest lift rate. Individuals responded to increases in lifting rates and mental demands by altering their trunk and hip motions as well as produced greater muscle coactivity. Thus, how an individual performs a particular lifting tasks is dependent upon both the physical requirements of the job but also the mental aspects. Workplace stressors that have the ability to influence the time pressures on the individuals have the potential to significantly influence the biomechanical responses and ultimately t...
Marrow grafting for acute leukemia: results and future treatment strategies.

Allogeneic marrow transplantation has been used increasingly to treat patients with various hematological diseases. A survey by the International Bone Marrow Transplantation Registry estimated the number of transplants carried out through the year 1987 to be in the order of 20000 [6]. Most of these transplants (80%) have been for therapy of malignant hematological diseases. The current manuscript will review results of and future treatment strategies in marrow transplantation for acute leukemias in Seattle.
A Little Older, a Little Wiser, and Still Committed

This symposium piece continues a debate between Thomas Stoddard and Paula Ettelbrick regarding the advisabiilty of pressing for same-sex marriage rights. While acknowledging that time, energy, and money might be spent in a number of ways that would benefit the LGBT community, the Essay nonetheless argues that because securing marriage equality in more states would be valuable both in itself and instrumentally, the struggle should continue unabated.
Assimilation and Ethnicity: Ecological and Demographic Factors in Colonial Chiapas, Mexico

Culture change has traditionally been a major research problem in anthropology. Work on this problem has focused primarily on studies of internal and external factors which influence culture change. This discussion concerns external factors and focuses on changes that occur in one culture as the result of prolonged and continuous contact with a second culture. This paper addresses the question of why some populations adapt to culture contact by assimilation while others adapt through the maintenance of cultural distinctiveness. This problem is well— suited to analysis from an ecological perspective because it involves mutual adaptation to a new social environment brought on by the contact situation.
An Improved Quantitative System for Assessing the Acute Alcoholic Psychoses and Related States (TSA and SSA)

The problem of studying and treating the acute alcoholic psychoses and related states has been substantially burdened by the inadequacies of the methods of assessing the condition of the patients at the time of initial contact and during their subsequent course. A new, reliable alternative has been developed and will be described which is an improved version of a previously published reliable quantitative assessment (Gross et al., 1971).
Gestational hypoxia modulates expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone and arginine vasopressin in the paraventricular nucleus in the ovine fetus.

Maturation of the fetal hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis is critical for organ maturation necessary for the fetus to transition to the ex‐utero environment. Intrauterine stressors can hasten maturation of the HPA axis leading to fetal growth restriction and in sheep, premature birth. We have previously reported that high‐altitude mediated, long‐term‐moderate gestational hypoxia (LTH) during gestation has a significant impact on the fetal HPA axis. Significant effects were observed at the level of both the anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex resulting in elevated plasma ACTH during late gestation with decreased adrenocortical expression of enzymes rate limiting for cortisol synthesis. As such, these fetuses exhibited the normal ontogenic rise in fetal plasma cortisol but an exaggerated cortisol response to acute stress. This study extended these findings to ACTH secretagogue expression in the PVN using in situ hybridization. We report that the expression of AVP but not CRH was increased in the medial parvocellular PVN (mpPVN) in the LTH fetus. This represented an increase in both AVP mRNA per neuron as well as an increase in AVP hybridizing neurons with no increase in mpPVN CRH neurons. LTH had no effect on PVN volume, area of CRH or AVP hybridization, thus LTH did not have a trophic effect on the size of the nucleus. In conclusion, there appears to be a switch from CRH to AVP as a primary ACTH secretagogue in response to LTH, supporting our previous findings of increased anterior pituitary sensitivity to AVP over CRH in the LTH fetus.
Joint-Venture Negotiating Committee: Slavagrad Government of Euroslavia: Janucz Lewandewski

This case supplements "Joint-Venture Negotiating Committee: Slavagrad" (UVA-F-1043) with added information on the role of a key player on the negotiating team. Anna Krzykowiak is a young "democrat" seeking to liberalize Euroslavia's economy and to hasten the entry of General Motors Corporation.
Cape queer? A case study of Provincetown, Massachusetts.

SUMMARY Cape Queer is a case study that details how sexuality intersects with race, gender, and class in the development of the gay and lesbian resort community, Provincetown, Massachusetts. It asks scholars to pay closer attention to the ways in which methodologies and practices utilizing LGBT studies and queer theory can combine rather than separate to interrogate LGBT and queer histories, politics and communities. In the process, it assesses how the global mechanics of capitalism led to the local queering and eventually unqueering of a gentrified, white, gay and lesbian enclave.
Covalent Attachment of Catalyst Molecules to Conductive Diamond: CO2 Reduction Using “Smart” Electrodes

We report here covalent attachment of a catalytically active cobalt complex onto boron-doped, p-type conductive diamond. Peripheral acetylene groups were appended on a cobalt porphyrin complex, and azide–alkyne cycloaddition was used for covalent linking to a diamond surface decorated with alkyl azides. The functionalized surface was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and the catalytic activity was characterized using cyclic voltammetry and FTIR. The catalyst-modified diamond surfaces were used as “smart” electrodes exhibiting good stability and electrocatalytic activity for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO in acetonitrile solution.
Codling Moth and Pear Psylla: Evaluation of Insecticides for Control on Pears in California

Pesticides were evaluated for control of Laspeyresia pomonclla (L.) and Psylla pyricola Foerster on pears at San Jose, Calif, during 1971. Leptophos (16 oz AI/100 gal) was significantly more effective against L. pomonclla than were phosalone (8 oz), Imidan® ( O, O -dimethyl S-phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate) (4 oz), Imidan + Volck Supreme oil, and azinphosmethyl (2 oz) + Volck Supreme oil. Pirimiphos-methyl® (2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidin+yl dimethyl phosphorothionate) (8 oz) was only moderately effective while Dithane M-45® (coordination product of zinc ion and manganese ethylene bisdithiocarbamate) (16 oz.) was ineffective, Suppression of P. pyricola was greatest in treatments with oil included, however Imidan and phosalone were relatively effective when used alone, Dithane M-45 was not very effective and Pirimiphosmethyl was ineffective, Leptophos appeared to be nontoxic to P. pyricola and, in addition, was very disruptive to the natural population regulation of this insect, resulting in a ten-fold increase in numbers of adults during the summer.
Vietnam Veterans:: A Hidden Population in Social Work Practice

Vietnam veterans represent a hidden population whose needs and problems pervade social work practice. Thcy are hidden because they rarely identify themselves as Vietnam veterans nor do professionals often inquire about military service. Social workers in independent practice see this population and can play a critical role in helping veterans examine their Vietnam experiences as they relate to a range of presenting problems. Specialized knowledge necessary to successfully serve this population is provided. Clinical issues pertaining to engagement, interviewing, assessment, interventions and termination are discussed.
Efficacy and Safety of Novel Oral Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: An Updated Meta-Analysis

Introduction Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been approved for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). A large number of patients are on NOACs when they present for AF ablation. We intended to evaluate the safety and efficacy of NOACs for AF ablation during the periprocedural period by performing a meta-analysis of trials comparing NOACs with warfarin.
A Novel Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Platform for Determining Protein O-GlcNAcylation Dynamics

Over the past decades, protein O-GlcNAcylation has been found to play a fundamental role in cell cycle control, metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and cellular signaling. Nevertheless, quantitative approaches to determine in vivo GlcNAc dynamics at a large-scale are still not readily available. Here, we have developed an approach to isotopically label O-GlcNAc modifications on proteins by producing 13C-labeled UDP-GlcNAc from 13C6-glucose via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. This metabolic labeling was combined with quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to determine protein O-GlcNAcylation turnover rates. First, an efficient enrichment method for O-GlcNAc peptides was developed with the use of phenylboronic acid solid-phase extraction and anhydrous DMSO. The near stoichiometry reaction between the diol of GlcNAc and boronic acid dramatically improved the enrichment efficiency. Additionally, our kinetic model for turnover rates integrates both metabolomic and proteomic data, which increase the accuracy of the turnover rate estimation. Other advantages of this metabolic labeling method include in vivo application, direct labeling of the O-GlcNAc sites and higher confidence for site identification. Concentrating only on nuclear localized GlcNAc modified proteins, we are able to identify 105 O-GlcNAc peptides on 42 proteins and determine turnover rates of 20 O-GlcNAc peptides from 14 proteins extracted from HeLa nuclei. In general, we found O-GlcNAcylation turnover rates are slower than those published for phosphorylation or acetylation. Nevertheless, the rates widely varied depending on both the protein and the residue modified. We believe this methodology can be broadly applied to reveal turnovers/dynamics of protein O-GlcNAcylation from different biological states and will provide more information on the significance of O-GlcNAcylation, enabling us to study the temporal dynamics of this critical modification for the first time.
Meta-analysis on Risk Factors of Endometrial Cancer

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the risk factors of endometrial cancer. Methods A total of 13case- control literatures on endometrial cancer's risk factors were recruited and synthetically analyzed by meta-analysis; the OR c and 95% CI were calculated. Results The protective factors for endometrial cancer included using IUDone year,consumption of oral contraceptives,reproductive history and alcohol consumption. The risk factors included diabetes,hypertension,obesity,menarche age ≤12 years old and infertility.Conclusion The occurrence of endometrial cancer is associated with diabetes,hypertension and other chronic diseases,and is closely related to menstruation,reproductive factors. More attention should be paid to controlling those risk factors,strengthening women's health,and regular screening in high-risk populations.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder severity, diagnosis, & later academic achievement in a national sample

Abstract Although 11% (6.4 million) American children are diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the role of ADHD severity in shaping the association between ADHD diagnosis and academic achievement is not understood. Using a nationally-representative sample of 7830 U.S. kindergartners from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort, we use regression and propensity score matching to compare diagnosed (N = 350) and undiagnosed children who are cognitively, behaviorally, and demographically similar. Diagnosed children with less severe ADHD-related behaviors on average scored lower in reading (−0.30 SD) and math (−0.22 SD) than their undiagnosed peers – a difference two times larger than that between diagnosed and undiagnosed children with more severe ADHD-related behaviors. Pharmacological treatment did not attenuate most of this “diagnostic labeling effect” among children with less severe ADHD-related behaviors. Negative factors associated with an ADHD diagnosis may outweigh potential benefits for achievement among children with less severe ADHD-related behaviors, even those receiving treatment.