cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Modeling of 10-kV Silicon Carbide Modules for Naval Applications

This paper presents a detailed characterization and modeling effort applied to a set of 10-kV SiC MOSFET modules, which have not been exhaustively described in the literature to date. This paper builds on a previous effort by the authors, in which an empirical performance evaluation was performed using a reduced-scale variant of the medium-voltage direct current (MVDC)-rated SiC MOSFET module. In this paper, full-scale module samples are used, which are capable of continuous operation at 120 A. Thus, the evaluation provided here offers improved relevance to the category of full-scale MVDC applications of which future naval shipboard power systems are expected to be a part. The evaluation effort described here considers both the static and dynamic performances of the considered 10-kV SiC MOSFET module, along with the identification of integration considerations that will be of use to designers of future applications based on this technology. Specific contributions of this paper that belong to this category include the presentation of a custom gate-drive circuit designed to operate the modules under consideration and the presentation of a detailed behavioral simulation model created to predict the performance of the same. The output of this model is compared with experimental waveforms captured during pulsed switching experiments at a bus voltage of 2 kV and a load current of 100 A. The simulation output is demonstrated to offer good agreement with the experimental waveforms during both turn-on and turn-off transitions. The availability of such a model is important because it makes possible the execution of a wide range of feasibility and trade studies for future applications by researchers without physical access to this technology.
Natural Variability of Allergen Levels in Conventional Soybeans: Assessing Variation across North and South America from Five Production Years.

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is one of eight major allergenic foods with endogenous proteins identified as allergens. To better understand the natural variability of five soybean allergens (Gly m 4, Gly m 5, Gly m 6, Gly m Bd 28k, and Gly m Bd 30k), validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed. These ELISAs measured allergens in 604 soybean samples collected from locations in North and South America over five growing seasons (2009–2013/2014) and including 37 conventional varieties. Levels of these five allergens varied 5–19-fold. Multivariate statistical analyses and pairwise comparisons show that environmental factors have a larger effect on allergen levels than genetic factors. Therefore, from year to year, consumers are exposed to highly variable levels of allergens in soy-based foods, bringing into question whether quantitative comparison of endogenous allergen levels of new genetically modified soybean adds meaningful information to their overall safety risk assessment.
A simple testable model of baryon number violation: Baryogenesis, dark matter, neutron-antineutron oscillation and collider signals

Abstract We study a simple TeV-scale model of baryon number violation which explains the observed proximity of the dark matter and baryon abundances. The model has constraints arising from both low and high-energy processes, and in particular, predicts a sizable rate for the neutron–antineutron ( n − n ¯ ) oscillation at low energy and the monojet signal at the LHC. We find an interesting complementarity among the constraints arising from the observed baryon asymmetry, ratio of dark matter and baryon abundances, n − n ¯ oscillation lifetime and the LHC monojet signal. There are regions in the parameter space where the n − n ¯ oscillation lifetime is found to be more constraining than the LHC constraints, which illustrates the importance of the next-generation n − n ¯ oscillation experiments.
Urban Psychology and Spirituality

One area in which the relationship between psychology and theology finds practical expression is that of Christian spirituality. A little-explored but promising branch of psychology for such study is that of environmental psychology. This article examines the ability of models of the human based on urban psychology to support the demands of the Christian life. The models so utilized are those of the human being as territorial animal, passive sensor, and preference holder. The implications of such models for Christian spirituality are explored, and in turn, these models are evaluated in terms of the commitment warranted by the Christian life, particularly by the practice of compassion.
Relationship between breastfeeding and asthma prevalence in young children exposed to adverse childhood experiences.

Objective: To investigate if duration of supplemental breastfeeding is associated with a lower asthma risk and whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) early in life influence this relationship...
Early stage interval breast cancers in African-American women demonstrate ER negative status and more aggressive tumor biology

5259 It has been suggested that biologic factors may contribute to the limited efficacy of mammography and poorer breast cancer outcomes in African American (AA) women. To further investigate, we retrospectively evaluated tumor biology of interval cancers diagnosed in 254 consecutive AA women with breast cancer at the John Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Minority-Based Community Clinical Oncology Program, which serves the medically-indigent in Chicago. A total of 51 AA women were diagnosed with interval cancers; 30 had AJCC stage 0-1 and 21 had stage 2-4 cancers. For women with stage 0-1 cancers, interval cancers were significantly more likely to be hormone receptor (ER) negative (33% vs. 13% for non-interval cancers; Chi-square p
Pathophysiology of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Insights into Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Spontaneous intracerebral, non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results from arterial bleeding and formation of a brain hematoma. While 20% of all ICH cases result from a defined underlying cause (e.g., vascular malformation, coagulopathy, and tumors), the majority of ICHs are related to the rupture of damaged small- and medium-sized arteries of the brain. Pathologies affecting these arteries fall under the broad term cerebral small vessel disease. The two major forms of cerebral small vessel disease that are common in elderly populations are hypertensive small vessel disease (mainly affecting deep perforating arteries supplying the subcortical gray and white matter) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) (characterized by the progressive accumulation of β-amyloid in the leptomeningeal and cortical vessels). Pathologic studies suggest that hypertensive small vessel disease can lead to ICH in deep gray nuclei and white matter, thalamus, and pons, while CAA is responsible for a large majority of ICH in lobar areas. In the first part of the chapter, we will discuss the pathophysiology of ICH in relation to these two subtypes of small vessel disease. In the second part, the dynamic processes related to hematoma evolution and mechanisms of primary and secondary brain injury will be explored.
The Top 20 Most Prolific Authors in the American Journal of Neuroradiology: What Is Their Impact?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Many articles that are relevant to patient care but published in radiology journals may escape notice by clinicians. We sought to determine how often the 20 most prolific American Journal of Neuroradiology (AJNR) authors from 2013 to 2017 published in clinical journals and the extent to which their articles were disseminated into the clinical literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We counted all authors9 first- or senior-authored articles in the AJNR from 2013 to 2017 to identify the 20 most prolific authors in AJNR. We searched for these 20 authors9 total articles from 2013 to 2017 to determine which were published in radiology or clinical journals and the number of citations received from radiology and clinical journals. Authors were sorted into quartiles according to these metrics, and other descriptive statistics were performed. RESULTS: The top 20 AJNR authors contributed to 1463 articles during 5 years, including 711 (48.6%) in radiology and 752 (51.4%) in clinical journals. These articles were cited 15,857 times, including 4659 (29.3%) by articles in radiology journals. The more prolific authors published in clinical journals more often (Spearman ρ = 0.65, P = .002) and were cited more (ρ = 0.42, P = .07). Articles published in clinical journals were cited more often (mean, 12.3 clinical, 9.3 radiology general versus 8.7 in AJNR), and whether published in radiology or clinical journals, they were cited more frequently by clinical journals. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of where it is published, radiology research is disseminating into the clinical realm. Radiology articles published in clinical journals are cited more often than those published in radiology journals.
Management of radiation-related supraglottic stenosis with serial in-office steroid injections

Management of supraglottic stenosis in patients with history of head and neck radiation presents a clinical challenge for otolaryngologists. The cornerstone of treatment has historically been surgical intervention, both endoscopic and open. However, recently described techniques related to outpatient management of subglottic and tracheal stenosis with routine in-office steroid injections may provide a translatable model for supraglottic stenosis management. We describe a clinical protocol for in-office steroid injections to the laryngopharynx for patients with supraglottic stenosis secondary to radiation fibrosis. Two patient cases are reported, including endoscopic examinations over a follow-up period of 12 to 16 months. Both patients experienced significant improvement in their supraglottic airways. In-office steroid injections may be beneficial to prevent or slow stenosis recurrence in patients treated with radiation for head and neck cancer. With continued refinement of this technique, a paradigm shift may occur in the management of supraglottic stenosis.
The implied theodicy of Kant’s Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason : love as a response to radical evil

This article begins with a brief survey of Kant’s pre-Critical and Critical approaches to theodicy. I maintain that his theodical response of moral faith during the Critical period appears to be a dispassionate version of what Leibniz called Fatum Christianum. Moral rationality establishes the existence and goodness of God and translates into an endless and unwavering commitment to following the moral law. I then argue that Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason offers a revision of Kant’s 1791 conception of “authentic theodicy.” Kant comes to recognize that the ends of morality and virtue, as well as the action needed to respond to the noumenal evil at the heart of humanity, outstrip the “religion of good life conduct.” This leads Kant to argue in favor of a new form of moral life embedded in a religious community and based on the love of God and of one’s fellow humans. Such a life is rooted in the incorporation of a holy principle in our noumenal selves that he terms “divine blessedness.”
Center-level trends in utilization of HCV-exposed donors for HCV-uninfected kidney and liver transplant recipients in the United States.

Several single-center reports of using HCV-viremic organs for HCV-uninfected (HCV-) recipients were recently published. We sought to characterize national utilization of HCV-exposed donors for HCV- recipients (HCV D+/R-) in kidney transplantation (KT) and liver transplantation (LT). Using SRTR data (April 1, 2015-December 2, 2018) and Gini coefficients, we studied center-level clustering of 1193 HCV D+/R- KTs and LTs. HCV-viremic (NAT+) D+/R- KTs increased from 1/month in 2015 to 22/month in 2018 (LTs: 0/month to 12/month). HCV-aviremic (Ab+/NAT-) D+/R- KTs increased from < 1/month in 2015 to 26/month in 2018 (LTs: <1/month to 8/month). HCV- recipients of viremic and aviremic kidneys spent a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 0.7 (0.2-1.6) and 1.6 (0.4-3.5) years on the waitlist versus 1.8 (0.5-4.0) among HCV D-/R-. HCV- recipients of viremic and aviremic livers had median (IQR) MELD scores of 24 (21-30) and 25 (21-32) at transplantation versus 29 (23-36) among HCV D-/R-. 12 KT and 14 LT centers performed 81% and 76% of all viremic HCV D+/R- transplants; 11 KT and 13 LT centers performed 76% and 69% of all aviremic HCV D+/R- transplants. There have been marked increases in HCV D+/R- transplantation, although few centers are driving this practice; centers should continue to weigh the risks and benefits of HCV D+/R- transplantation.
Abnormal submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise parameters predict impaired peak exercise performance in sickle cell anemia patients.

PURPOSE Sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients frequently have many comorbidities, including diastolic dysfunction (DD) and exercise intolerance. SCA patients often cannot reach maximal effort on exercise testing; little is known regarding whether submaximal exercise parameters can predict abnormal maximal exercise results in SCA patients and if there are any possible associations with DD. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study was performed in SCA patients. All patients had a resting cardiac MRI (CMR), cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with cycle ergometry using a ramp protocol, and an echocardiogram. Exercise data were compared with age-, gender-, and size-matched normal controls. RESULTS Compared with normal controls, the SCA group (n = 19) had lower mean max oxygen consumption (VO2 ; 1378 ± 412 mL/min vs 2237 ± 580, P < 0.01) and workload (117 ± 37.6 watts vs 175 ± 50.5 watts, P = 0.0003). When evaluating the submaximal exercise parameters, there was lower VO2 at the anaerobic threshold (AT; 950 ± 311.7 vs 1460 ± 409.9, P < 0.01) and oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) at AT (1512 ± 426.2 vs 2080 ± 339, P < 0.01). The max VO2 strongly correlated with VO2 at AT (r = 0.9, P < 0.01) and OUES (r = 0.83, P < 0.01) at AT. The VO2 at AT correlated with hematocrit (r = 0.77, P < 0.05). The OUES correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction by CMR (r = 0.55, P = 0.01), hematocrit (r = 0.52, P = 0.02), and lateral E/e' (r = -0.54, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS SCA patients have abnormal submaximal exercise measures compared with controls, which is strongly associated with abnormal maximal exercise results. The degree of submaximal abnormality correlates with DD abnormalities by echocardiography. These data expand the scope of functional cardiovascular abnormalities in SCA.
Ultraheavy and Ultrarelativistic Dirac Quasiparticles in Sandwiched Graphenes

Electrons in quantum materials exhibiting coexistence of dispersionless (flat) bands piercing dispersive (steep) bands give rise to strongly correlated phenomena and are associated with unconventio...
Inverse scattering transform for the complex reverse space-time nonlocal modified Korteweg-de Vries equation with nonzero boundary conditions and constant phase shift

Recently, the complex reverse space-time (RST) nonlocal modified Korteweg-de Vries equation (mKdV) was introduced and shown to be an integrable infinite-dimensional dynamical system. The inverse scattering transform (IST) for zero boundary condition was studied by Ablowitz and Musslimani in 2016. In this paper, the IST for the complex RST nonlocal mKdV equation with nonzero boundary conditions at infinity is presented. The direct and inverse scattering problems are analyzed. The method to carry out the inverse problem employs two Riemann surfaces associated with square root branch points in the eigenfunctions/scattering data, which is more complicated than that for the zero boundary condition. Four cases are considered, special soliton solutions are discussed, and an explicit 1-soliton and two 2-soliton are found for three cases. In another case, there are no solitons.
College and the Cure: Education and Career Considerations of Childhood Cancer Survivors

This qualitative study examined educational and career-related issues of 8 young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Participants described factors that detracted from academic performance and rep...
Computational Approach for Rapidly Predicting Temperature-Dependent Polymer Solubilities Using Molecular-Scale Models.

One promising approach to recycle multicomponent plastic waste (e. g., multilayer plastic films) is selective dissolution. Selective dissolution is a solvent-mediated process in which differences in polymer solubility in a carefully chosen solvent system are exploited to recover a target polymer. Here, a computational approach was developed that rapidly predicts temperature-dependent polymer solubilities to guide the design of solvent systems for solvent-mediated polymer recycling. Polymer conformations were obtained from molecular dynamics simulations by modeling the polymer as a short oligomer and then used as input to the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) for solubility predictions. Using polyethylene (PE) and ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) as representative polymers, the effect of simulation parameters was systematically studied, and predicted solubilities were found to be in good agreement with experimental measurements. The applicability of the approach was demonstrated by identifying selective solvents for PE and EVOH dissolution from a library of 524 solvents.
Combining focal plane wavefront control, coherence differential imaging and spectral differential imaging with the Spectral Modulated Self-Coherent Camera (SM-SCC)

The detection and characterization of Earth-like exoplanets is one of the major science drivers for the next generation of telescopes. Current direct imaging instruments are limited by evolving Non Common Path Aberrations (NCPA). A promising sensor is the Self Coherent Camera (SCC) that uses a pinhole in the Lyot plane to modulate the focal plane electric field. However, the SCC has low throughput due to the large separation between the pinhole and the edge of the pupil. The spectrally modulated Self Coherent Camera solves this issue by modulating the pinhole along the spectral direction. The SM-SCC can place the pinhole directly at the edge of the pupil which increases the throughput by a factor of 100. This allows the SM-SCC to go faster or use it on fainter objects that the SCC. Here we present the concept of the SM-SCC and show that it can be used for focal plane wavefront control, Coherence Differential Imaging (CDI) and Spectral Differential Imaging (SDI).
Will the United States Remain Exceptional in Enforcing Predispute Arbitration Clauses in Consumer Contexts

“American exceptionalism” has been used to reference the United States’ outlier policies in various contexts, including its love for litigation. Despite Americans’ reverence for their “day in court,” their zest for contractual freedom and efficiency has prevailed to result in U.S. courts’ strict enforcement of arbitration provisions in both business-to-business (“B2B”) and business-to-consumer (“B2C”) contracts. This is exceptional because although most of the world joins the United States in generally enforcing B2B arbitration under the New York Convention, many other countries refuse or strictly limit arbitration enforcement in B2C relationships due to concerns regarding power imbalances and public enforcement of consumer protections. The resulting clash in arbitration policy has left consumers in cross-border cases uncertain whether they must abide by arbitration clauses in an increasingly global marketplace. This short essay, published in a Venezuelan journal, chronicles the evolution of laws proposed in the United States to limit this enforcement of predispute arbitration clauses in consumer cases.
Anxiety and Psychosomatic Illness

Since the DSMIII no longer classifies illness as psychosomatic, we must immediately redress the title of this paper (1). Rather than using the term psychosomatic illness, the new classification would list the specific psychiatric disorder as the primary diagnosis (Axis I) and the co-existing pathophysiologic disorder under Axis III. As an example, in a patient with mitral valve prolapse accompanied by panic, the Axis I would be anxiety disorder (panic disorder) and the Axis III would be Psychological Factors affecting Physical Condition. Such classifications tend to eschew a specific or directional relationship between the two. The wisdom of this causal-directional separation is questionable. To a large extent, it tends to disestablish the specificity theories that dominated earlier concepts regarding the psychogenicity of specific diseases such as Alexander’s holy seven: ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, peptic ulcer, bronchial asthma, neuro-dermatitis (2). In so doing, it may once and for all abolish the idea that some diseases are more psychosomatic than others. Rather, the new classification would allow the idea that any illness, mental or somatic, may be accompanied by symptoms relative to one or the other. Thus, the patient with a parimary affective disorder with vegetative symptoms and signs is as likely to be viewed as somatic as well as mental in his assessment, diagnosis and treatment. On the other hand, a patient with symptoms and signs of ulcerative colitis might have manifestations of anxiety which would be identified respectively in Axes III and I. The relationship of anxiety to ulcerative colitis might be generative, derivative, or independent of the latter. Each, however, is treatable in its own right, a practice that has preceded the above formulation.
CMOS Devices: Sources and Models of Emanation

In this chapter, the major insights regarding the sources of power and electromagnetic leakages are provided. We investigate the first-order dependencies between the data handled and the leakage to allow us to define some simple power and electromagnetic models rather than dealing with complex equations and several parameters. Thanks to these models, an adversary does not need to fully understand the underlying semiconductor physics, neither the structure of the devices, to be able to mount an attack. Indeed we will see some of the possible techniques in this chapter and will deepen this topic in Chap. 6.
Antisense oligonucleotide targeting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E reduces growth and enhances chemosensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer cells

Elevated levels of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) enhance translation of many malignancy-related proteins, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), c-Myc and osteopontin. In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), levels of eIF4E are significantly increased compared with normal lung tissue. Here, we used an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to inhibit the expression of eIF4E in NSCLC cell lines. eIF4E levels were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in NSCLC cells treated with eIF4E-specific ASO (4EASO) compared with control ASO. Treatment of NSCLC cells with the 4EASO resulted in decreased cap-dependent complex formation, decreased cell proliferation and increased sensitivity to gemcitabine. At the molecular level, repression of eIF4E with ASO resulted in decreased expression of the oncogenic proteins VEGF, c-Myc and osteopontin, whereas expression of β-actin was unaffected. Based on these findings, we conclude that eIF4E-silencing therapy alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy represents a promising approach deserving of further investigation in future NSCLC clinical trials.
El género, la amenaza de estereotipo y la ansiedad: evidencia psicofisiológica y cognitiva

Introduction. Claude Steele?s tereotype threat hypothesis proposed that negative group stereotypes increase individual anxiety levels, hurting performance. H...
A new retrograde method for administering drugs intravenously.

A new technique for administering drugs, especially antibiotics, intravenously to pediatric patients is described. By insertion of a segment of tubing between two three-way stopcocks in the patient9s intravenous line, drugs diluted for intravenous administration may be pushed retrograde. After turning both stopcocks for infusion, diluted drugs are administered intravenously and automatically followed by maintenance fluids. If two or more drugs are given, their separation is accomplished by introducing a barrier volume of 5% glucose water. Nursing time and effort for intravenous drug administration are reduced to one-fifth to one-third of that required by the piggyback method. Preparation of diluted antibiotics in capped syringes by the hospital pharmacy additionally decreases time consumed by the registered nurse for drug administration. The I.V. Retrograde system has been used successfully for more than one year in a two hundred and thirty bed children9s hospital.
Pendrin localizes to the adrenal medulla where it modulates catecholamine release (701.1)

Pendrin is an aldosterone-sensitive, Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger expressed in intercalated cells within the renal cortex where it modulates blood pressure. Since pendrin gene ablation stimulates the release of renin, but not aldosterone, we hypothesized that pendrin is expressed in the adrenal gland and modulates adrenal function. Thus, we examined rat and mouse adrenal pendrin mRNA and protein abundance by PCR, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry and examined adrenal responses in wild type and pendrin null mice. Pendrin protein was detected in adrenal lysates from wild type, but not pendrin null mice. In both mice and rats, we observed pendrin mRNA and protein in the adrenal medulla but not in the adrenal cortex. Since the adrenal medulla produces catecholamines, further experiments examined plasma epinephrine responses to 5 and 20 min of immobilization stress in wild type and pendrin null mice. Basal epinephrine concentration was similar in wild type and pendrin null mice. Immobilization stress ...
Analogue and Digital Displays for the Detect, Diagnose and Correct Phases in Fault Management

Performance effects of using different display information formats for the detect, diagnose and correct task components of fault management were evaluated in this preliminary study. Data for accuracy and response times were collected for a detect task, a detect and diagnose task, and a detect, diagnose and correct task across three levels of display information format. Levels of display information format included a digital format, an analogue format, and a combined (digital and analogue) format. Predictions for the appropriate level of display information format for the fault mangement tasks were based on the multiple information format concept. In general, the results obtained in this study failed to support the predictions of the multiple information format concept.
Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in a Patient with Acute Malaria.

Introduction. Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is most commonly seen in association with HIV infection. Rare data is available about the association between collapsing FSGS and malaria. Case Description. A 72-year-old African male patient presented to the hospital for generalized body aches, fatigue, fever, and night sweats for three days. He had history of recent travel to Ghana. Patient looked in acute distress and was shivering. Laboratory tests showed elevated serum creatinine (Cr) of 2.09 mg/dL (baseline was 1.5 mg/dL in 2012). Hospital course was significant for rapid elevation of Cr to 9.5 mg/dL and proteinuria of 7.9 grams. Autoimmune studies resulted negative. Blood smear resulted positive for Plasmodium falciparum and patient was treated with Artemether/Lumefantrine. Patient's fever and pain improved, but kidney function continued to deteriorate and he became oliguric. On day seven, he was started on Hemodialysis. Tests for different causes of glomerular pathology were also negative. He underwent left kidney biopsy which resulted in findings consistent with severe collapsing glomerulopathy. Discussion. This case illustrates a biopsy proven collapsing FSGS likely secondary to malarial infection requiring renal replacement therapy. Literature review revealed only few case reports that suggested the possible association of malaria with secondary form of FSGS.
Domestic Violence and Child Nutrition in Latin America: A Bargaining Power Approach

Domestic violence is widespread in Latin America. Of 136,500 women surveyed in sixteen Latin American countries, 20% reported physical abuse by their partners. This paper uses a bargaining power model and survey data for Colombia, Dominican Republic and Haiti to explore the relationship between domestic violence and child nutrition. Domestic violence, reflecting women's status in the household, affects children's nutritional outcomes through its effects on the demand for health inputs. We find evidence that domestic violence decreases the probability of a child being breastfed and immunized. Similarly, domestic violence reduces the likelihood that a woman receives appropriate pre-natal care, including adequate iron intake and doctor visits. We conclude that domestic violence has an adverse effect on children's long-term nutritional status, which in turn has potential implications for children's performance in school and in the workforce.
Terminator field‐aligned currents: A new finding from the Ionospheric Dynamics and Electrodynamics Data Assimilation Model

A new field-aligned current system in the high-latitude ionosphere has been discovered. The finding was based on the reconstructions from the Ionospheric Dynamics and Electrodynamics Data Assimilation Model with the ingestion of ground-based magnetometer measurements. The new current system develops and evolves along the ionospheric terminator, and it is thus termed as the terminator field-aligned currents. This is the first field-aligned current system in the high-latitude ionosphere that is not directly driven by the magnetospheric dynamics and has an ionospheric origin. The study of it will help us to explore the active role of the ionosphere in the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling and improve the physical understanding of the electrodynamics and plasma dynamics of many small-scale structures in the polar ionosphere.
Health Correlates of Criminal Justice Involvement in 4,793 Transgender Veterans

Abstract Purpose: Transgender (TG) persons are overrepresented in prison settings and in the U.S. veteran population. Health disparities studies of large populations of transgender people involved with the criminal justice system have not been published to date. Methods: We studied a large cohort of TG veterans who received care in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities during 2007–2013 (n = 4,793) and a 3:1 matched control group of veterans without known TG identification (n = 13,625). Three hundred twenty six (n = 138 TG, 188 non-TG) had received VHA services in programs designed to address the needs of justice involved (JI) veterans. We linked patients in each of the three groups to their medical and administrative data. Results: TG veterans were more likely to be justice involved than controls (2.88% vs. 1.38%; P < .0001). Compared to non-TG JI veterans, TG JI veterans were more likely to have a history of homelessness (80% vs. 67%; P < .05) and to have reported sexual trauma while serving in...
The efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in preventing doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in dogs.

OXORUBICIN has a major role in the effective treatment of acute leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, and sarcoma. The use of doxorubicin has been hampered by hematopoietic suppression, nausea and vomiting, alopecia, and most importantly cardiomyopathy. The strategies for dealing with cardiomyopathy have included modification of the structure of the drug, alteration of the dosing schedule, and the use of antidotes. Until the present, none of these strategies has proved to be effective. A very promising agent for the protection of the heart during doxorubicin therapy is N-acetylcysteine (NAC). This sulfhydryl-containing compound has the theoretic advantage of opposing free radical damage-an influence that has been proposed to be the primary source of doxorubicin’s cardiac toxicity.‘,’ The purpose of this study was to determine if NAC is capable of preventing chronic doxorubitin-induced heart failure.
A Simplified Procedure for the Assay of 5'-Nucleotidase

5'-Nucleotidase* activity is measured by inhibiting phosphatase activity with 0.01 M Ni+2 and eliminating the requirement for protein removal before measurement of phosphate. The normal range for adults is given as 1.6-14.0 units/liter of serum, with no apparent difference between the sexes.
Should a historically motivated anti-realist be a Stanfordite?

Suppose one believes that the historical record of discarded scientific theories provides good evidence against scientific realism. Should one adopt Kyle Stanford’s specific version of this view, based on the Problem of Unconceived Alternatives (PUA)? I present reasons for answering this question in the negative. In particular, Stanford’s challenge cannot use many of the prima facie strongest pieces of historical evidence against realism, namely: (i) superseded theories whose successors were explicitly conceived, and (ii) superseded theories that were not the result of elimination-of-alternatives inferences. Attempts to accommodate (i) and (ii) within Stanford’s framework are incompatible with other commitments Stanford holds, such as anti-realism being piecemeal instead of global. As separate lines of criticism, I argue that there are problems with Stanford’s claim that the PUA is the most important challenge to realism, and with his view of instrumentalist theory endorsement.
Hemogenic endothelial progenitor cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood.

Hemogenic endothelium has been identified in embryonic dorsal aorta and in tissues generated from mouse embryonic stem cells, but to date there is no evidence for such bi-potential cells in post-natal tissues or blood. Here we identify a cell population from human umbilical cord blood that gives rise to both endothelial cells and hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. Cord blood CD34+/CD133+ cells plated at high density in an endothelial basal medium formed an endothelial monolayer and a nonadherent cell population after 14-21 days. AML-1, a factor required for definitive hematopoiesis, was detected at low levels in adherent cells and at high levels in non-adherent cells. Non-adherent cells co-expressed the endothelial marker VE-cadherin and the hematopoietic marker CD45 while adherent cells were composed primarily of VE-cadherin+/CD45− cells and a smaller fraction of VEcadherin+/CD45+ cells. Both non-adherent and adherent cells produced hematopoietic colonies in methylcellulose, with the adherent cells yielding more CFU-GEMM compared to the non-adherent cells. To determine if the adherent endothelial cells were producing hematopoietic progenitors, single cells from the adherent population were expanded in 96 well dishes for 14 days. The clonal populations expressed VE-cadherin and a subset expressed AML-1, e-globin and γ-globin. Three out of 17 clonal cell populations gave rise to early CFU-GEMM hematopoietic progenitors and BFU-E erythroid progenitors. These results provide evidence for hemogenic endothelial cells in human umbilical cord blood.
Effect of crop rotation on soil population densities of Fusarium solani and Heterodera glycines and on the development of sudden death syndrome of soybean

Abstract The effect of crop rotation on the development of sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean and on the soil population densities of Fusarium solani and the soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines ) was observed for four years in a field naturally infested with both pathogens. In 1989 all plots were planted to a soybean cultivar susceptible to both pathogens (cv. Lee 74). In 1990 and 1991, the plots were planted to one of the following crops: soybean cv. Lee 74, soybean cv. Hartz 6130 (resistant to both pathogens), sorghum, fescue, or wheat (not double-cropped). In 1992 all plots were planted to soybean cv. Lee 74. The parameters measured to determine rotation effects were severity of SDS over the season, the soil population densities of both pathogens, soybean yields and soybean seed weights. Rotation to any crop except soybean significantly reduced the H. glycines population densities in 1990 and 1991. In 1991, the H. glycines population densities began to rise in the nematode-resistant soybean treatment, but were lower than those in the susceptible soybean treatment. Averaged over all years, the F. solani population densities were significantly lower when sorghum or wheat were grown than when soybean or fescue were grown. Considering the whole season, the F. solani population densities were generally the highest at harvest. Negative correlations between SDS and yield were significant, as were positive correlations between SDS and population densities of F. solani . In 1992, SDS was very low in all treatments, but yields were highest in plots planted to non-soybean crops and lowest in plots planted to the susceptible soybean.
FACET: a novel model of simulation and visualization of polycrystalline thin film growth

We present a two-dimensional polycrystalline thin film growth model based on describing grains in terms of faceted surfaces and grain boundaries. The profiles of the nuclei are described by crystallographically appropriate facets, with the position and orientation of the nuclei semi-randomly selected. Growth rates are determined from deposition fluxes and a new one-dimensional kinetic lattice Monte Carlo (KLMC) method developed to treat surface diffusion effects. The one-dimensional KLMC was verified by comparison with a full three-dimensional KLMC code. A continuum facet model has been developed to simulate grain growth and interaction. Users can visualize the nucleation and growth process of the film and obtain the final film structure, including the topography as well as the texture. The codes are written in Visual Basic and can be run in a Windows 98/2000/NT environment. An integrated graphical user interface has been implemented to facilitate use. The β version of FACET can be freely downloaded from our web site: http://ceaspub.eas.asu.edu/cms/.
A Study of the Structure and the Morphology of Oxide Films on Amorphous Al‐Fe‐Ce Alloys by XPS and SEM

Aluminum-based metallic glasses are of technological importance due to their high strength, low density, and anticipated high resistance to corrosion. The authors report on the corrosion characteristics of melt-spun ribbons of Al{sub 90}Fe{sub 10{minus}x}Ce{sub x} (x = 3, 5, and 7). The amorphous alloys showed excellent corrosion properties in aqueous NaCl. The authors have also examined the composition, structure, and morphology of the native and passive oxide films using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and angle-resolved XPS. They show that the composition of the native oxide film is that of AlO{sub x}(OH){sub y}. The thickness of the native oxide is estimated from angle-resolved XPS data to be about 1.6 to 3.1 nm (i.e., nanometer). Passive films were formed in 0.9 weight percent (0.15M) NaCl solution by potentiostating below the pitting potential for 30 and 60 min. The passive oxide films contain oxidized Al, Fe, and Ce. The chemistry of Al in the passive oxide films is also that of AlO{sub x}(OH){sub y}. Iron appears to be present in the passive film as Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} and Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} and/or FeOOH with varying mole fractions depending on alloy composition. Cerium in the passive film appears to bemore » present in the +3 oxidation state as Ce{sub 2}O{sub 3} or Ce(OH){sub 3}. A small fraction of Ce in the passive film of Al{sub 90}Fe{sub 3}Ce{sub 7} is present in the +4 oxidation states as CeO{sub 2}.« less
Whole-program optimization of global variable layout

On machines with high-performance processors, the memory system continues to be a performance bottleneck. Compilers insert prefetch operations and reorder data accesses to improve locality, but increasingly seek to modify an application's data layout to reduce cache miss and page fault penalties. In this paper we discuss Global Variable Layout (GVL), an optimization of the placement of entire static global data objects in the binary. We describe two practical methods for GVL in the HP-UX Integrity optimizing compiler for the Itanium © architecture. The first layout strategy relies on profile feedback, collaboratively employing the compiler, the linker and a pre-link tool to facilitate reordering. The second strategy uses whole-program analysis to drive data layout decisions, and does not require the use of a dynamic profile. We give a detailed description of our implementation and evaluate its performance for the SPEC integer benchmark programs, as well as for a large commercial database application.
Loss of GDF-15 abolishes sulindac chemoprevention in the ApcMin/+ mouse model of intestinal cancer.

Growth-differentiation factor (GDF)-15, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is potently induced in the intestine following mechanical injury, genotoxic insult and following non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exposure. GDF-15 expression correlates with apoptosis in intestinal cells and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer formation and the anti-tumor effects of NSAIDs. We sought to determine the effect of loss of Gdf15 on animal tumor models of hereditary colon cancer and in the NSAID-mediated prevention of heritable colorectal cancer. GDF-15 null (Gdf15 −/−) mice and mice with the genetic mutation found in hereditary poliposis coli, Apc min/+ were bred. Gdf15 −/− , Apc min/+ and Gdf15 +/+ , Apc min/+ mice were generated. In Gdf15 −/− , Apc min/+ mice, intestinal neoplasia formation rate and size were indistinguishable from that in Gdf15 +/+ , Apc min/+ mice. Sulindac chemoprotection activity although potent in Gdf15 +/+ , Apc min/+ mice was abolished in Gdf15 −/− , Apc min/+ mice. These results demonstrate in a murine model that GDF-15 does not significantly regulate heritable in vivo intestinal carcinogenesis but does mediate sulindac chemoprevention in heritable colon cancer. These data suggest that the use of GDF-15 activated signaling pathways may allow improved chemoprevention and therapies for colorectal cancer.
Abstract 418: Introducing different genetic elements into human mesenchymal stem cells to transform into osteosarcoma

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Despite Osteosarcoma (OS) being the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults, little clarity exists in where the cell of origin exists in the pathway of differentiation between a human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) and a mature osteoblast. It is similarly unclear the primary genetic alterations which initiate oteosarcoma formation in patients. Since high grade OS usually demonstrates histologic variability, and the potential for multilineage differentiation, along with some direct experimental observations some consider hMSC as the cell of origin of OS whereas others believe the pre-osteoblast or osteoblast to be the mot likely cell of origin. Our previous studies have shown that serially introducing 3 different viral constructs, hTERT, SV40TAg, and H-RAS, transforms hMSC into 2 distinct sarcomas cell lines, but not OS. This may be attributable to the fact that oncogenic H-Ras does not seem to play a direct role in the pathogenesis of OS. Therefore, the MSC-TS cell line, hMSC transfected with hTERT and SV40TAg can be used as a platform for further analysis of the impact of genetic transformation of hMSCs. The MSC-TS cells were transformed with lentivirus containing human β-catenin (β), and IGF-1R (I) , separately. Both β-catenin and IGF-1R have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of OS due to their proliferative and/or anti-apoptotic effects. Drug resistant colonies were picked up 21 days after selection to obtain stably transfected cell lines, MSC-TS-β, and MSC-TS-I, respectively. Western blots were carried out to detect the protein of β-catenin and IGF-1R, respectively. Clones, which have highest, lowest, and intermediate protein levels were selected, and comparison between the lines and characterizations are completed and underway. Further characterization includes: 1) Soft Agar Assays , 2)Subcutaneous/Orthotopic Tumorigenicity Assays,3) Routine histological examination and also staining with immunohistochemical markers, 4) Microarray Analysis, 5) Spectral Karyotyping / Comparative Genomic Hybridization, 6) Motility and Migration Assays, and 7) Differentiation Assays. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 418.
International business education of the United States in the 1990s: Accredited vs. nonaccredited schools

This article reports the status of the international business education in the United States as of the 1990s and examines the differences between AACSB accredited and nonaccredited business schools regarding the various aspects of internationalization. The overall conclusions are that along all dimensions significant progress has been made regarding internationalization. Accredited schools have progressed further than nonaccredited schools. Nevertheless, many of the schools have not aimed very high or made major changes in structures, operations, incentives, or requirements of their college to accommodate internationalization. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.