cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Home Blood Pressure Monitoring for Pregnant Patients with Hypertension

OBJECTIVE To determine whether automated measurement of blood pressure and pulse in a home setting can be easily accomplished by pregnant women with chronic hypertension. STUDY DESIGN In this prospective investigation, seven women with chronic hypertension complicating pregnancy recorded their blood pressure at home twice a day. These data were offloaded once daily into a computer at a remote site, and a computerized printout of these data was received by the physician. RESULTS The patients participated in the study for 12.2 +/- 5.8 weeks (range 4 to 18 weeks) and were between 23 and 42 weeks' gestation. Average mean arterial pressure in the home was 102 +/- 10 mm Hg, and average pulse was 81 +/- 11 beats per minute. In the clinic, the values were 112 +/- 13 mm Hg and 90 +/- 30 beats per minute (p < 0.05). Each patient was easily taught how to use the machine. CONCLUSIONS The home blood pressure monitoring device was easy to use and correlated well with values recorded by health professionals for this limited number of subjects. It was particularly helpful to patients (n = 5) who lived long distances (more than 60 miles) from the clinic and to women who needed adjustments of antihypertensive medication.
Intention and sexual consent

In this paper I first argue that we do not need to intend all the features of X in order to consent to X. I will present cases in which agents intend to consent to gambles, and intend to consent to have sex with people under certain descriptions, de re, rather than de dicto. Next, I argue that deception – even deception about features of a sexual act that qualify as “deal-breakers” for a participant – might not always have the power to undermine sexual consent. In both sections I craft my arguments by appealing to a proposal about the scope of rights. I suggest that we may have intentions regarding our sexual experiences that do not map onto the rights that we actually hold pertaining to those sexual experiences.
Good writers, bad Jews: the “Jewish Question” among Hungarian Jewish intellectuals of the interwar period

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the perceived place of the Jewish writer in interwar Hungarian Jewish literature. Post-World War I Hungary suffered from the effects of a short-lived communist regim...
The Dynamic Equation of Our Neural Architecture

In past chapters I have presented the dynamic of our neural architecture in two forms: die CSN model of the major ranges of behavior and the descriptive algorithms of reciprocal behavior. Here, I will introduce a third form—the mathematical expression or equation that represents the dynamic. If math is not your favorite subject, don’t let the math I use intimidate you. I will keep it simple. I won’t use a lot of the usual confusing math symbols or Greek letters. Instead I will use abbreviations of the actual English words. You won’t have to hold a bunch of numerical abstractions in the frontal part of your neural architecture while you try to follow the reasoning.
Editorial Commentary: Complications of Shoulder Rotator Cuff Repair Are Relevant in Modern Health Care.

Abstract Understanding the type and rate of complications after shoulder rotator cuff repair could help surgeons to focus their quality improvement efforts. This is of great current relevance because value in health care is defined as the ratio of outcomes over cost, and complications increase cost significantly. A particular focus could be on lowering the rate of complications associated with "riskier" patients and "riskier" surgical techniques.
The treatment of neuroendocrine tumors with long-acting somatostatin analogs: a single center experience with lanreotide autogel.

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of lanreotide autogel given to metastatic well-differentiated (WD) neuroendocrine tumors (NET) patients observed in our Institute between 2005 and 2008. Patients with metastatic NET referred to our tertiary referral center were given lanreotide autogel 120 mg/month by deep sc injection for a period of at least 24 months. The efficacy was evaluated by the relief of disease symptoms, behavior of tumor markers and response rate in terms of time to tumor progression. Safety and tolerability were evaluated by assessing the onset of adverse events and treatment feasibility. Twenty-three patients (13 males), median age 62 yr (range 32–87) were considered for the study. All patients were affected by WD metastatic NET and had tumor progression in the last 6 months before the enrolment in the study. Median duration of response was 28 months (range 6–50 months). Fourteen patients (60.9%) showed flushing and diarrhea which improved by 85.7% and 55.6%, respectively, bronchoconstrinction and abdominal pain also ameliorated. A complete, partial or no-changed response in the tumor markers behavior was observed, respectively, in 42.9%, 22.9%, and 17.1% of cases. According to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) criteria (version 1.1), there were 2 partial regression (8.7%) and 15 stable disease (65.3%); 6 patients (26.0%) progressed. No patient complained from any severe adverse reaction. The results of our study suggest that lanreotide autogel is effective in the symptoms, biochemical markers, and tumor progression control of WD metastatic NET and confirm that the treatment is well tolerated.
EPR Interfaced To Rapid Mixing

We describe the development of flow and stopped-flow EPR starting with large mixing devices designed for standard metallized EPR cavities and proceeding to micro mixing systems intimately attached to micro resonant structures. The characteristics of resonant structures dedicated to close attachment of liquid mixing systems with low dead volumes, short mixing times, and minimal microwave microphonic perturbation are outlined. The application of such systems to study of radical systems, either spin labelled, naturally occurring, or trapped, is reviewed, and recent experiments to probe rapid folding kinetics of site-directed spin labeled protein are summarized.
Restructuring in the Classroom: Teaching, Learning, and School Organization

1. Introduction: The Puzzle of Organization and Practice. LAKEVIEW SCHOOL. 2. A Principal Leads the Way. 3. Teams and Themes. 4. Self--Esteem and Self--Expression. 5. Structure and Practice. WEBSTER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. 6. The Development of a District's Flagship. 7. Active Learning in Mathematics. 8. Developing Teams. 9. A Model of School Restructuring? NORTHEASTERN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. 10. An Alternative School is Born. 11. Reading and Writing. 12. Learning Science. 13. Fitting Structure to Practice. 14. Conclusion: Restructuring Teaching.
FAILURE OF THROMBOSIS OF CABROL SHUNT LEADING TO PSEUDOANEURYSM FOLLOWING AORTIC ROOT SURGERY IN MARFAN SYNDROME

A Cabrol shunt is employed as a method to control hemorrhage after complex aortic reconstruction surgery. Shunt occlusion leading to pseudoaneurysm has not been previously described. A 20 year old male with Marfan syndrome underwent an elective David procedure for progressive aortic root dilation.
The roles of celebrity endorsers’ and consumers’ vegan identity in marketing communication about veganism

Celebrities endorsing veganism may exert social influence on consumers’ attitude toward veganism and behavioral intention to become vegan. A between-subjects online experiment (N = 303) examined th...
Characteristics of pressure drop oscillation in a microchannel cooling system

Abstract This study analyzes instability due to pressure drop oscillation occurring in a closed system comprising of a vapor compression cycle. The system includes a microchannel evaporator, a condenser, an accumulator, an electronic expansion valve and a compressor. Using a spatially lumped dynamic model, this study investigates how various system parameters, such as the valve setting, the accumulator heat load, the compressor speed and the amount of compressible volume in the system, affect the amplitude and the frequency of oscillations. The model also predicts the system response to dynamic evaporator heat loads. It shows that the system stability can be predicted based on the system demand and supply pressure curves. For an unstable system, an increase in the evaporator heat load and the opening of the valve increases the amplitude and the period of oscillations by altering the demand pressure curve. On the other hand, while a larger compressible volume in the system does not affect the amplitude, it increases the period of oscillations. Small variations in the compressor speed and the accumulator heat load do not affect the oscillation characteristics significantly. However, a sufficiently large change in these parameters can help stabilize the system by altering the supply pressure curve. For a given evaporator heat load, the analysis shows that the system controllable parameters, which include the valve setting, the accumulator heat load and the compressor speed can be chosen judiciously to avoid pressure drop oscillation. This study provides general guidelines to select the appropriate combination of system parameters to stabilize the system while ensuring efficient operation.
The network of firms implied by the news

We show that the news is a rich source of data on distressed firm links that drive firm-level and aggregate risks. The news tends to report about links in which a less popular firm is distressed and may contaminate a more popular firm. This constitutes a contagion channel that yields predictable returns and downgrades. Shocks to the degree of news-implied firm connectivity predict increases in aggregate volatilities, credit spreads, and default rates, and declines in output. To obtain our results, we propose a machine learning methodology that takes text data as input and outputs a data-implied firm network.
Intraoperative and postanesthesia care unit fluid administration as risk factors for postoperative complications in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing free tissue transfer

Background This study aims to evaluate the impact of perioperative fluid administration, defined as fluid delivered intraoperatively and in the postanesthesia care unit, on postoperative outcomes. Methods Medical records of 102 patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma undergoing free flap reconstruction between January 2011 and December 2015 were reviewed. The primary endpoint was development of a postoperative complication according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Perioperative factors recorded were Washington University Head and Neck Comorbidity Index, operating time, vasopressor use, blood loss, intraoperative fluid, and perioperative fluid. Results Greater perioperative fluid administration was independently associated with surgical complications, flap complications, overall incidence of any complication, and increased length of stay. Greater intraoperative fluid administration was independently associated with higher rates of surgical complications. Intraoperative delivery of vasopressors was not associated with flap or surgical complications. Conclusion Receiving less perioperative fluid was associated with fewer complications and decreased length of stay.
Maxwell-dilaton dynamics

The dynamics of the Maxwell-dilaton theory in Minkowski spacetime are studied using fully nonlinear, numerical evolutions. This model represents the flat-space sector of the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory which has attracted interest recently because it is a well-posed alternative to general relativity, and it also represents the Abelian sector of the Yang-Mills-dilaton. As such, understanding its dynamics may shed light on the dynamics of the respective larger systems. In particular, we study electric, magnetic, and dyonic monopoles as well as the flux tubes studied previously by Gibbons and Wells. Some scenarios produce large gradients that an increasing adaptive mesh refinement fails to resolve. This behavior is suggestive, although far from conclusive, that the growth leads to singularity formation. No sharp transition between singularity formation and either dispersion or stationarity is found, unlike other nonlinear systems that have demonstrated a behavior similar to the black hole critical behavior at such transitions.
18F-Flortaucipir PET Associations with Cerebrospinal Fluid, Cognition, and Neuroimaging in Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer's Disease.

BACKGROUND Tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is used in research, but its relation to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and other Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related clinical measures is unclear in mild cognitive impairment with AD biomarkers (MCI-AD). OBJECTIVE To determine associations between 18F-flortaucipir PET and CSF AD biomarkers, cognitive functioning, and neuroimaging measures in MCI-AD. METHODS In 29 participants 50 years or older with MCI-AD, 18F-flortaucipir PET, CSF total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau181p (P-tau), amyloid-β (Aβ), structural MRI, and neuropsychological testing were collected as baseline assessments of an ongoing clinical trial. 11C-Pittsburgh compound B PET was simultaneously conducted in 20 participants. Associations between 18F-flortaucipir PET and these measures were assessed by multiple linear regression adjusted for potential confounders and using global, lobar, and voxel-wise standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr). RESULTS Whole brain 18F-flortaucipir SUVr was significantly associated with CSF T-tau (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) and P-tau (r = 0.42, p = 0.04) after adjusting for age, sex, race, and education, with strongest associations in the temporal region (T-tau: r = 0.69, p < 0.001; P-tau: r = 0.49, p = 0.02). Voxel-wise analysis confirmed these regional associations. 18F-flortaucipir PET was also associated with CSF Aβ (r = -0.45, p = 0.03), episodic memory (r = -0.61, p = 0.001), visuospatial working memory (r = -0.46, p = 0.02), and brain cortical thickness (r = -0.44, p = 0.03) but not hippocampal volume. In the amyloid PET subset, although 11C-PiB PET associated strongly with 18F-flortaucipir (r = 0.79, p≤0.001), associations were stronger between 11C-PiB and key outcomes, compared to 18F-flortaucipir. CONCLUSION 18F-flortaucipir PET is moderately associated with CSF AD biomarkers and other AD-related phenotypes. The associations in this MCI-AD sample are stronger than previously described in other populations.
Clinical efficacy and safety of mucosal incision-assisted biopsy for the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and biopsy (EUS-FNA/FNB) has been traditionally used for making a tissue diagnosis. Several newer techniques are emerging as a viable alternative to EUS-FNA/FNB, including mucosal incision-assisted biopsy (MIAB), with a view to increasing the diagnostic yield for upper gastrointestinal (GI) subepithelial tumors (SETs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe the overall diagnostic yield of MIAB for upper GI SETs. Methods Multiple electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar) and conference abstracts were comprehensively searched. The primary outcome of our meta-analysis was the overall diagnostic yield of the MIAB. The secondary outcome was to study complications in terms of perforation and clinically significant bleeding. The meta-analysis was performed using a DerSimonian and Laird random-effect model. Results Seven studies were included in the final meta-analysis, reporting a total of 159 patients (male 86, female 73) with a mean age of 58 years. The overall pooled diagnostic yield of MIAB was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI] 82.65-93.51, I 2=0.00). Histologically, GI stromal tumor was the reported diagnosis in 38.62% (95%CI 22.29-56.24, I 2=77.51%) of tumors, followed by leiomyoma 25% (95%CI 18.02-32.62, I 2=4.42%). The overall rate of clinically significant bleeding following the procedure was 5.03% (95%CI 0.36-12.86, I 2=57.43%) and no perforations were reported. Conclusions MIAB is a safe and effective technique for the diagnosis of upper GI SETs and can be considered as a viable alternative to EUS-FNA/FNB. MIAB can be performed during routine endoscopy and no advanced equipment is required.
Carving Out a Spiritual Homeland

This chapter examines the perspective of gamers who reject the addiction discourse and argue that Internet games are, in fact, an important “space of one’s own.” Through the narrative lens of the 2010 machinima, War of Internet Addiction, this chapter investigates the claim that games are a spiritual homeland (jingshen jiayuan)—imagined communities with both a social and a geographical reality. Unlike the college students who spoke about games in terms of skill building, these gamers’ visions of the game space were often utopian, portraying it as a bucolic landscape of equality, camaraderie, and physical beauty. Far from being a mere form of escapism, the film demonstrates that games are also locations of potential political mobilization. It portrays government efforts to control the game space as an instance of interrupted manifest destiny and suggests that freedom of mobility, including the freedom to live, work, and play where one wishes, is a key point of tension between the state and the people.
Retinoid analogs and polyphenols as potential therapeutics for age-related macular degeneration.

Progressive retinal degeneration manifesting as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the elderly affects millions of individuals worldwide. Among various blinding diseases, AMD is the leading ...
Collisionless Multiphoton Dissociation of S F 6 : A Statistical Thermodynamic Process

A calorimetric experiment, which combines picosecond C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-laser pulses with acoustic detection techniques, proves that the collisionless multiphoton dissociation of S${\mathrm{F}}_{6}$ is a statistical thermodynamic process. The standard Rice-Ramsberger-Kassel-Marcus theory of unimolecular reactions provides a quantitative explanation of the dissociation effect. The reaction rate is primarily limited by transitions in the quasicontinuum rather than by the anharmonicity of the first few discrete levels.
Adaptive Risk Minimization: A Meta-Learning Approach for Tackling Group Shift

A fundamental assumption of most machine learning algorithms is that the training and test data are drawn from the same underlying distribution. However, this assumption is violated in almost all practical applications: machine learning systems are regularly tested under distribution shift, due to temporal correlations, particular end users, or other factors. In this work, we consider the setting where the training data are structured into groups and test time shifts correspond to changes in the group distribution. Prior work has approached this problem by attempting to be robust to all possible test time distributions, which may degrade average performance. In contrast, we propose to use ideas from meta-learning to learn models that are adaptable, such that they can adapt to shift at test time using a batch of unlabeled test points. We acquire such models by learning to adapt to training batches sampled according to different distributions, which simulate structural shifts that may occur at test time. Our primary contribution is to introduce the framework of adaptive risk minimization (ARM), a formalization of this setting that lends itself to meta-learning. We develop meta-learning methods for solving the ARM problem, and compared to a variety of prior methods, these methods provide substantial gains on image classification problems in the presence of shift.
Impacts of expanding provider choice for free flu vaccination among the elderly in Korea.

Abstract The Korean government, to increase the vaccination rates, implemented the policy expanding provider choice for free seasonal influenza vaccine for the elderly through contracting the provision of immunization to the private sector in 2015. Using the annual nationally representative individual between 2014–2017, this study explores the impacts of the policy change by using a difference-in-differences approach. Results show that influenza vaccine uptake at private clinics increases by 12 percentage points after the policy change. However, this effect is offset by a reduction in uptake at public health centers by 13 percentage points. As a result, we find no evidence that the policy increases overall vaccination coverage among the elderly. These results indicate that policymakers need to explore the reasons for vaccine hesitancy before delivering interventions.
Immigrants and Access to Care: Public Health Must Lead the Way in Changing the Nation's Narrative

Latino immigrants fill many essential and underappreciated roles in the US economy, such as agricultural workers, cleaning and maintenance workers, meat-packing workers, construction workers, and factory workers 2,3 Employers of these low-wage workers quite often do not provide health insurance, and undocumented immigrants are further barred from the health coverage expansion under the Affordable Care Act 4 As the analysis of CVD risk treatment conducted by Guadamuz et al makes clear, a foundational approach is needed to expand both public and private health insurance coverage to include all sectors of the population Fear of deportation is a constant threat for undocumented individuals and those with undocumented family members, which further affects decisions to seek assistance ofany kind 4 Immigrants experience discrimination in every facet of their daily lives from employers, law enforcement agents, landlords, and service providers 5 On a fundamental level, immigrants are discouraged from participating in public life or interacting with the structural fabric of American society The H-2A temporary agricultural visa, touted as a solution to the shortage of farmworkers to harvest our nation's food, brings Latinos into the country as cheap laborers, while ignoring and abusing their rights as independent workers 2 The location ofUS factories in border communities in Mexico ensures access to low-cost labor, while avoiding the responsibility of supporting our workforce through livable wages and adequate benefits
Impact of a Pharmacist-Led Group Diabetes Class.

Background/Objectives:Diabetes is a chronic disease that is associated with many other health problems, but studies have shown that patient education can improve outcomes. The purpose of this proje...
Exaggerated potassium current reduction by oxytocin in visceral sensory neurons following chronic intermittent hypoxia.

Abstract Oxytocin (OT) from the hypothalamus is increased in several cardiorespiratory nuclei and systemically in response to a variety of stimuli and stressors, including hypoxia. Within the nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS), the first integration site for cardiorespiratory reflexes, OT enhances synaptic transmission, action potential (AP) discharge, and cardiac baroreflex gain. The hypoxic stressor obstructive sleep apnea, and its CIH animal model, elevates blood pressure and alters heart rate variability. The nTS receives sensory input from baroafferent neurons that originate in the nodose ganglia. Nodose neurons express the OT receptor (OTR) whose activation elevates intracellular calcium. However, the influence of OT on other ion channels, especially potassium channels important for neuronal activity during CIH, is less known. This study sought to determine the mechanism (s) by which OT modulates sensory afferent-nTS mediated reflexes normally and after CIH. Nodose ganglia neurons from male Sprague-Dawley rats were examined after 10d CIH (6% O2 every 3 min) or their normoxic (21% O2) control. OTR mRNA and protein were identified in Norm and CIH ganglia and was similar between groups. To examine OTR function, APs and potassium currents (IK) were recorded in dissociated neurons. Compared to Norm, after CIH OT depolarized neurons and reduced current-induced AP discharge. After CIH OT also produced a greater reduction in IK that where tetraethylammonium-sensitive. These data demonstrate after CIH OT alters ionic currents in nodose ganglia cells to likely influence cardiorespiratory reflexes and overall function.
Urban public health: a research toolkit for practice and impact: edited by Gina S. Lovasi, Ana V. Diez Roux, and Jennifer Kolker, published by Oxford University Press in 2020, 384 pp., $55 USD (Paperback) ISBN: 9780190885304

With the pressing need to train practitioners and researchers to tackle urban health at multiple levels, ‘Urban Public Health: A Research Toolkit for Practice and Impact’ fills a large gap. Fifty-f...
The impact of pathological narcissism on affect following social rejection

Previous research has shown that narcissism is associated with interpersonal difficulties and maladaptive affective responses to social rejection. In the current studies, the authors examined two phenotypes of pathological narcissism, narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability, and their impact on individuals' affective responses in two distinctive social rejection paradigms. Participants from Study 1 (N = 239), recruited from a multicultural university and Amazon's Mechanical Turk, completed Cyberball, a computerized social rejection paradigm. Participants from Study 2 (N = 238) were recruited from a multicultural university and participated in an in vivo group rejection paradigm in a laboratory. Results indicated that following the rejection in both studies, narcissistic vulnerability positively predicted explicit negative affect and state anger. In addition, the positive relationship between narcissistic vulnerability and explicit negative affect was moderated by greater implicit negative affect in Study 2. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
Polymer inhibitors enable >900 cm 2 dynamic windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition with high solar modulation

Dynamic windows with adjustable tint give users control over the flow of light and heat to decrease the carbon footprint of buildings and improve the occupants’ comfort. Despite the benefits of dynamic windows, they are rarely deployed in buildings because the existing technology cannot achieve fast and colour-neutral tinting at an agreeable cost. Reversible metal electrodeposition is a promising approach to solve these problems. Here, we demonstrate the use of polymer inhibitors to reversibly deposit metal films with controlled morphology in dynamic windows. The windows that employ the polymer inhibitor can readily tint to below 0.001% visible transmittance in less than 3 min and exhibit high infrared reflectance (>70%), colour-neutral transmittance (C* 900 cm2 dynamic windows with fast response and excellent uniformity. Dynamic windows can reduce a building’s energy demand, yet the control of light and heat transmission remains challenging. Strand et al. show that polymer inhibitors improve the morphology of metal films allowing a wide modulation of light and heat flow in windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition.
Nontribological corrosion modes dominate wrought CoCrMo acetabular taper corrosion: A retrieval study

Corrosion of modular metal-on-metal acetabular tapers in total hip arthroplasty (THA) systems is often attributed to mechanically driven processes. Recent findings suggest that mechanically assisted crevice corrosion (MACC) might not be the dominant cause of corrosion in shell-liner tapers. This study aims to document and present the corrosion modes observed in metal-metal acetabular liners. Twenty-one retrieved wrought CoCrMo liners were examined using digital optical microscopy (DOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Corrosion-related damage was documented in nonengagement taper regions, outside of direct taper contact. Within engagement regions, nonmechanically driven corrosion features (pitting, intergranular corrosion) were observed adjacent to fretting and material transfer, which rely on mechanical contact; corrosion independent of MACC was observed even in contact regions. Corrosion types observed included intergranular corrosion (IGC), pitting attack, phase boundary dissolution, all both outside and inside of taper junctions, and MACC within contact regions of the taper. Typical fretting scars associated with MACC were mostly absent, and were not always associated with corrosion damage where present. Finally, hard phase particles (Mo-Si-O) released from the wrought CoCrMo microstructure had redeposited within regions with material loss. Acetabular taper corrosion modes differ significantly from those in head-neck tapers and are dominated by electrochemically driven processes, not mechanical processes, as indicated by corrosion in noncontact regions. With greater prevalence of dual mobility hip implants, acetabular taper corrosion processes must be understood in order to limit their impact on device performance.
Global Financial Cycles and Macroeconomic Linkages

Failure to sufficiently model financial variables and a possible time-varying relationship between the financial and macroeconomic sectors have been identified as two major shortcomings of the most prominent macroeconomic models. To this end, I examine time-varying linkages between the financial and macroeconomic sectors across countries. I examine the existence of global financial cycles and study if the financial sector is an important source of shocks for the global macroeconomic sector. I find evidence of quantitatively significant global cycles in credit and equity price. The cycles are stronger in the years leading up to and following the crisis. Global house-price cycle is mostly driven by idiosyncratic components before 2000, however, the house-price cycle is significant after the turn of the century. I do not find quantitatively significant joint global cycle encompassing all financial variables. I then study time-varying contribution of the global financial shocks as well as financial shocks originating in the US, the UK and Germany. I find evidence of time variation in the size and the transmission of the financial shocks, especially the equity-price and house-price shocks. I find evidence of increase in both the transmission and the size of the shocks during various financial crises, especially during the recent financial crisis. The contribution of the global and the US house-price shocks increase significantly during the recent financial crisis. The combination of increase in the size and the transmission of the house-price shocks in unprecedented. The model can explain the large degree of heterogeneity in the effect of a financial shock across countries.
Developing and testing an automated qualitative assistant (AQUA) to support qualitative analysis

Qualitative research remains underused, in part due to the time and cost of annotating qualitative data (coding). Artificial intelligence (AI) has been suggested as a means to reduce those burdens, and has been used in exploratory studies to reduce the burden of coding. However, methods to date use AI analytical techniques that lack transparency, potentially limiting acceptance of results. We developed an automated qualitative assistant (AQUA) using a semiclassical approach, replacing Latent Semantic Indexing/Latent Dirichlet Allocation with a more transparent graph-theoretic topic extraction and clustering method. Applied to a large dataset of free-text survey responses, AQUA generated unsupervised topic categories and circle hierarchical representations of free-text responses, enabling rapid interpretation of data. When tasked with coding a subset of free-text data into user-defined qualitative categories, AQUA demonstrated intercoder reliability in several multicategory combinations with a Cohen’s kappa comparable to human coders (0.62–0.72), enabling researchers to automate coding on those categories for the entire dataset. The aim of this manuscript is to describe pertinent components of best practices of AI/machine learning (ML)-assisted qualitative methods, illustrating how primary care researchers may use AQUA to rapidly and accurately code large text datasets. The contribution of this article is providing guidance that should increase AI/ML transparency and reproducibility.
Ultrafast dynamics of multiferroic h-LuFeO 3

Hexagonal LuFeO 3 is a multiferroic showing ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism at room temperature. Below T R =130 K, it becomes ferrimagnetic. Ultrafast optical pump-probe measurements reveal that the dynamics are correlated with the structural changes responsible for ferrimagnetism.
Simulation and visualization of air flow around bat wings during flight

This paper presents a case study of interdisciplinary collaboration in building a set of tools to simulate and visualize airflow around bat wings during flight. A motion capture system is used to generate 3D coordinates of infrared markers attached to the wings of a bat flying in a wind tunnel. Marker positions that cannot be determined due to high wing deformation are reconstructed on the basis of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The geometry obtained for the wings is used to generate a sequence of unstructured tetrahedral meshes. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation are solved using the hybrid spectral/hp element solver Nektar. Preliminary simulation results are visualized in the CAVE, an immersive, 3D, stereo display environment.
Gateway to Opportunity: A History of the Community College in the United States

J. M. Beach's history presents the reader with an interesting portrait of the community college present and past. Beach's thesis is on target: the community college is complex and faces competing g...
Hurwitz stable model reduction for non-tree structured RLCK circuits [IC interconnect applications]

This paper presents an efficient way to compute the approximate time domain signal waveforms for RLCK circuits that have non-tree or tree-like structures. The new method is based on a graph based approach to drive the transfer function of any linear circuits. Our contribution is the introduction of a Hurwitz approximation to the truncated transfer functions to enforce the stability of the reduced systems. We also extend the direct truncation of the transfer (DTT) technique, which can only work for tree-structured circuits, to deal with non-tree or tree-like RLC circuits. By combining the DTT technique with the graph-based method, we show that the new method is capable of analyzing non-tree or treelike structured RLCK circuits, which are more accurate models of deep submicron high-speed coupled interconnects. The proposed method has been tested and validated on some coupled RLCK circuits.
Effects of Physical Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children

Abstract Changes in submaximal and maximal HR and [vdot]02 as a result of 8 wk of interval training were studied in boys aged 10–12; 13 boys trained while 11 acted as controls. Training HR's averaged approximately 90% of the mean maximal HR. [vdot]O2 max did not change significantly with training. The apparently high threshold for a training effect on the [vdot]O2 max in children is probably related to their naturally active lives: the stresses induced by short-term training are probably small as compared to the overall activities of children. On the other hand, submaximal heart rate during bicycle and treadmill exercise decreased significantly with training. The O2 cost of these submaximal tasks remained unchanged. The findings suggest that the use of [vdot]O2 max as the only training criterion for cardiorespiratory fitness may be misleading. Since most work tasks proceed at a submaximal rate, and a training-induced improvement in submaximal response was demonstrated without improvements at maximal effor...
Specifically unmethylated cytidylic-guanylate sites in Herpesvirus saimiri DNA in tumor cells.

Abstract The restriction endonucleases MspI (CCGG), HpaII (CCGG), FnuDII (CGCG), and HaeIII (GGCC) were used to study the methylation of Herpesvirus saimiri DNA in tumor cells taken directly from tumor-bearing animals. No evidence was found for methylation of the 5' terminal C in the sequence CCGG or of the internal C in the sequence GGCC, but extensive methylation of CG was detected. Fifteen HpaII sites and 17 FnuDII sites were detected in the unique DNA region of the H. saimiri strain used. Twenty-eight of the 32 sites were methylated in greater than 90% of the viral DNA molecules in tumor cells, but the remaining 4 sites were unmethylated in greater than 95% of the viral DNA molecules in tumor cells. The locations of the four specifically unmethylated sites were mapped and appeared to be identical in the four different induced leukemias examined (one owl monkey and three white-lipped marmosets). The nonproducer 1670 tumor cell line, in continuous passage for over 7 years, contained four similar specifically unmethylated sites. Possibilities for the physiological significance of the unmethylated sites are discussed.
Silver complexes of 1,1′,3,3′-tetrakis(pyrazol-1-yl)propane: the “quadruple pyrazolyl embrace” as a supramolecular synthon

The reaction between pyrazole and malonaldehyde bis(dimethylacetal) yields the first linked bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligand, CH2[CH(pz)2]2. Reaction of this ligand with Ag(O3SCF3) yields [Ag2{μ-CH2[CH(pz)2]}2](SO3CF3)2 (1). In the solid state 1 contains a dimeric dication in which two ligands sandwich two silver cations forming a bicyclic sixteen-membered ring system. A similar reaction with Ag(NO3) yields a trimetallic complex [Ag3{μ-CH2[CH(pz)2]2}2](NO3)3(CH3CN)2 (2) that crystallizes from acetonitrile as 2·CH3CN. Both 1 and 2 form supramolecular structures dominated by cooperative π–π stacking/CH–π hydrogen bonding interactions that we term the ‘quadruple pyrazolyl embrace.’ A Cambridge Structural Database search showed that this interaction is relatively common for metal complexes of simple poly(pyrazolyl)-methane or -borate ligands and occurs in a quarter of all cases.
Unusual Fermentative, Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Clinical Specimens: I. Characterization of Erwinia Strains of the “lathyri-herbicola Group”

Five strains of gram-negative, yellow chromogenic bacilli were recovered from clinical specimens which fit the characteristics of the “lathyri-herbicola group” within the genus Erwinia. The strains were facultatively anaerobic, fermentative, anaerogenic bacilli with peritrichous flagella which grew at 37 C, reduced nitrate to nitrite, and failed to produce oxidase, pectinase, arginine dihydrolase, and decarboxylases for lysine and ornithine. Aggregations of bacteria (symplasmata) were observed in the syneresis water of slant cultures, and analogous granular aggregates and biconvex, spindle-shaped bodies developed in colonies on plate cultures. Awareness of these characteristics should result in more frequent identification of Erwinia species from human sources.
Reply by the Authors to V. S. Burnley and F. E. C. Culick

2Burnley, V. S., Swenson, G., and Culick, F. E. C., “Pulsed Instabilities in Combustion Chambers,” 31st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, San Diego, CA, AIAA, Washington, DC, 1995; also AIAA Paper 95-2430, 1995. 3Burnley, V. S., “Nonlinear Combustion Instabilities and Stochastic Sources,” Ph.D. Dissertation, California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1996. 4Wicker, J. M., Greene, W. D., Kim, S.-I., and Yang, V., “Triggering of Longitudinal Combustion Instabilities in Rocket Motors: Nonlinear Combustion Response,” Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 12, No. 6, 1996, pp. 1148–1158. 5Jahnke, C. C., and Culick, F. E. C., “An Application of Dynamical Systems Theory to Nonlinear Combustion Instabilities,” Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1994, pp. 508–517. 6Kim, S. I., “Nonlinear Combustion Instabilities in Combustion Chambers,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA, May 1989. 7Greene, W. D., “Triggering of Longitudinal Combustion Instabilities in RocketMotors,”M.S.Thesis, Dept. ofAerospace Engineering,Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA, Dec. 1990. 8Ma, Y., Van Moorhem,W. K., and Shorthill,R. W., “Experimental Investigation of Velocity Coupling in Combustion Instability,” Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 7, No. 5, 1991, pp. 692–699.
Visual and saccadic activity in the goldfish torus longitudinalis

1. Multiunit activity was recorded in the torus longitudinalis (TL) of unanesthetized, immobilized goldfish while spontaneous eye movements were monitored with a search coil. Each saccade was accompanied by a burst of activity that started at the beginning of the saccade and peaked 120–150 ms later. Normally, the integrated burst amplitude was proportional to the saccade amplitude, but was independent of saccade direction or eye position. Saccadic bursts cannot be visual or proprioceptive in origin because they occur in the dark; are not evoked by passive eye movements; and persist after total paralysis with Flaxedil. Ablation of TL did not affect spontaneous eye movements. 2. Photic responses, also recorded in TL, were predominantly sustained multiunit discharges to dimming of the visual field of the contralateral eye. Diffuse receptive fields were located somewhat below the field equator, and mapped naso-temporally upon the rostro-caudal axis of TL. The photic responses of TL were more sustained and of longer latency than activity recorded simultaneously in the tectum. 3. Photic responses occurred more superficially in TL than the saccadic responses. Lesions of tectum abolished the photic response in the ipsilateral TL, but only attenuated the saccadic response. Lesioning the valvula, but not other parts of the cerebellum abolished the saccadic response of TL without affecting the photic response. After small lesions in the TL itself, saccadic responses were diminished, and sometimes depended upon the direction of eye movement, and the eye-in-orbit position. 4. It was concluded that the photic responses in one TL derive from a topographic input from the ipsilateral tectum. These responses are probably generated by a population of neurons different from those responsible for the saccadic responses. The latter originate in the valvula of the cerebellum, which apparently transmits information about saccade direction and eye position.
Finite-Difference Solutions of Convection-Diffusion Problems in Irregular Domains, Using a Nonorthogonal Coordinate Transformation

A solution methodology has been developed for convection-diffusion problems in which one boundary of the solution domain does not lie along a coordinate line. A nonorthogonal, algebraic coordinate transformation is used which yields a rectangular solution domain. This transformation avoids the task of numerically generating boundary-fitted coordinates. The discretized conservation equations are derived on a control-volume basis. These equations contain pseudodiffusion terms that result from the nonorthogonal nature of the transformation. The entire discretization procedure is documented in detail. Although it is not an essential feature of the method, the discretized equations and their solutions are tied in with the well-documented practices of the Patankar solution scheme for orthogonal systems. Application of the methodology is illustrated by two numerical examples.
A high molecular weight species of soluble elastin.

Summary The isolation of a high molecular weight species (130–140,000 daltons) of soluble elastin from the aortas of lathyritic chicks is described. In comparison to chick tropoelastin, the higher molecular weight material possesses an increased amount of acidic and hydroxyl amino acids and in contrast to tropoelastin, contains histidine, methionine and cystine residues. This molecular weight species of soluble elastin is susceptible to proteolytic degradation and can be shown to readily breakdown to lower molecular weight components including tropoelastin.
Characteristics of Black Women in Male- and Female-Headed Households:

Recent evidence indicates that approximately 30% of the black households in the United States are headed by women (Price, 1969; Hill, 1971). This figure is nearly three times as great for blacks as it is for whites, but the fact remains that female-headed households are still a clear minority among blacks. Nevertheless, this point is often overlooked and female household headship has been cited as both the cause and the effect of the disadvantaged position of blacks in this country. Although 70% of the black households are not headed by women, the popular conception of the femaleheaded household with all its assumed pathology persists as the stereotype of the black family (Kriesberg, 1970). That myths and biases associated with this point of view appear in the works of social scientists as well as in the public mind has been clearly documented (Billingsley, 1968; Staples, 1971).
THE IMPACT OF WIRE TOPOLOGY ON SINGLE ROW ROUTING

Since several aspects of the single row approach to local routing in automated PCB and VLSI chip design have been shown to be NP-complete, the research emphasis has been on placing various restrictions on the form of a solution. One widely used restriction involves the topological structure of the wires that interconnect common signal points. To date, four basic wire topologies have been considered. However, little is known about how these wire topologies compare in terms of the feasibility of routing instances and the size of optimal solutions. This paper defines five classes of routings and compares the feasibility and performance (the number of tracks necessary for a routing) of the various classes.
Structure and Decomposition Energies of High-Energy Open-Chain Carbon-Nitrogen Compounds NxC2

Molecules and ions consisting entirely or predominantly of nitrogen are of interest because of their energy release properties. Such molecules can decompose into N2, a process that is very exothermic. Following a study predicting the stability properties of isomers of open-chain N4C2, the current study involves calculations on a series of open-chain carbon−nitrogen molecules. Molecules with the general formulas NxC2 are studied to determine their structure and bonding, as well as their energy release capabilities. Theoretical calculations are carried out on this series of molecules to determine geometries and heats of formation. The MP2 method is used for geometry optimizations and vibrational frequencies, with single energies calculated with coupled-cluster theory (CCSD(T)). Energetic and structural trends are calculated and discussed.
Humanistic Qualities in End-of-Life Care: Lessons from The Diving Bell and the Butterfly: A Memoir of Life in Death—Required Reading in an End-of-Life Care Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residents

Objective: Reading a literary account of a terminal illness to develop humanistic qualities and attitudes for effective end-of-life care. Method: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly: A Memoir of Life in Death by Jean-Dominique Bauby is an autobiographical account of Mr. Bauby's experiences in the locked-in state after he suffered a brain stem stroke at age 43. Each resident was given a copy of this paperback to read over 4 weeks. Interns (PGY-1) were on a 4-week oncology ward rotation, and all junior and senior residents (PGY-2 and PGY-3) were on elective rotations during this period. Residents were instructed to mark their favorite passages of the book, to be prepared to read aloud such passages in small-group sessions, and to explain why they chose the specific passage. Attendance was mandatory, and residents were asked to complete a questionnaire at the end of the small-group discussion. Results: Eighteen PGY-ls and 30 PGY-2/3s completed the curriculum. Seventeen of 18 PGY-ls read the entire book, and al...