cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The place of surgery in the treatment of gynaecological tuberculosis

SummaryEighty-five women with proved tuberculosis of the genital tract were treated by surgery between 1951 and 1989. The indications for operation were pain (38 patients), uterine fibroids (14 patients), recurrence of endometrial tuberculosis (ten patients), inflammatory adnexal masses (nine patients), excessive uterine bleeding (six patients), ovarian cysts (six patients), carcinoma of the corpus uteri (one patient) and suspicion of endometrial neoplasia at follow up (one patient). Total hysterectomy with removal of both tubes and ovaries was carried out under cover of anti-tuberculosis drugs in all patients except two, in whom pelvic clearance was not technically feasible. No patient developed a fistula and there were no deaths. All patients were well at follow up.
Primary producer dynamics associated with evaporative concentration in a shallow, equatorial soda lake (Lake Elmenteita, Kenya)

Lake Elmenteita (0°27′ S, 36°15 ′E) lies on the floor of the rift valley at 1776 m above sea level in Kenya. As a consequence of lower than average rainfall, the mean depth decreased from 1.1 to 0.65 m during the study period (February 1973 to August 1974). The initiation of major biological changes coincided with a period of rapid evaporative concentration in 1973 (February to April) when the conductivity increased from 19.1 to 27.0 mmhmos cm-1. Spirulinaplatensis, Spirulina laxissima and Anabaenopsis arnoldii decreased in abundance precipitously in parallel with large declines in chlorophyll a concentration and phytoplankton photosynthetic rates. Once the overall abundance of phytoplankton had declined and the transparency had increased, primary productivity by benthic algae increased significantly. Paradiaptomus africanus, the only copepod living in the lake, was abundant in February and March 1973, but was gone by May. Eight hypotheses to explain these changes are evaluated and converge on the suggestion that a rate of change of salinity greater than 5 mmhmos cm-1 per month and a salinity exceeding 25 mmhmos cm-1 cannot be tolerated by P. africanus and adversely effects the nitrogen fixer, A. arnoldii. Furthermore, the loss of P. africanus and oxygenation of the sediments by benthic algae reduce the rate of recyling of nutrients which alters phytoplankton abundance and species composition.
Unification of universes in set theory

The logic of quantification is conveniently developed in terms of the so-called quantificational schemata . The atomic quantificational schemata consist each of a schematic predicate letter (‘ F ’, ‘ G ’, etc.) attached to one or more quantifiable variables (‘ x ’, ‘ y ’, etc.). Compound quantificational schemata are built up of these atomic ones by means of truth functions and quantifiers. The business of the logic of quantification then becomes that of spotting the valid schemata: the ones that are true under all interpretations. The logic of quantification is well understood and well behaved. Proof procedures in this domain are known, thanks to Godel, to be complete. If decision procedures are not known for the whole of this part of logic, still we do know, thanks to Church, that they cannot exist. And we know how to streamline our proof procedure for quick success in the average case where proof is possible. Because of all this, there is a premium on adapting special theories, of special subject matters, to this general mold. This means representing the truths of the special theory as a class of quantificational schemata with interpreted predicate letters and a chosen universe of discourse. Once a theory has been thus regimented, it is a standard theory (in approximately Tarski's sense of the term).
Requirements for optimal execution of loops with tests

Both the efficient execution of branch intensive code and knowing the bounds on the same are important issues in computing in general and supercomputing in particular. In prior work, it has been suggested that the hardware needed to execute code with branches optimally is exponentially dependent on the total number of dynamic branches executed, this number of branches being proportional at least to the number of iterations of the loop. For classes of code taking at least one cycle per iteration to execute, this is not the case. For loops containing one test (normally in the form of a Boolean recurrence of order one), it is shown that the hardware necessary varies from exponential to polynomial in the length of the dependence cycle L, while execution time varies from one time cycle per iteration to less than L time cycles per iteration; the variation depends on specific code dependences. These results bring the eager evaluation of imperative code closer to fruition. >
Linked Ecologies: States and Universities as Environments for Professions*

In this article I generalize ecological theory by developing the notion of separate but linked ecologies. I characterize an ecology by its set of actors, its set of locations, and the relation it involves between these. I then develop two central concepts for the linkage of ecologies: hinges and avatars. The first are issues or strategies that ‘‘work’’ in both ecologies at once. The second are attempts to institutionalize in one ecology a copy or colony of an actor in another. The article investigates the first of these concepts using two detailed examples of hinge analysis between the professional and political ecologies. Both concern medical licensing, the first in 19th-century New York and the second in 19th-century England. For the avatar concept, the article analyzes four less detailed cases linking the professional and university ecologies: computer science, criminal justice, clinical psychology, and applied economics.
SmartATMS: a simulator for air traffic management systems

Air Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) of the future will feature Free Flight, in which aircraft choose their own routes, altitude, and speed, and automated conflict resolut,ion methods in which aircraft will coordinate to resolve conflicts. The resulting distributed control architecture is a hybrid system, with mixed discrete event and continuous time dynamics. SmartATMS is an object oriented modeling and simulation facility which accounts for these hybrid issues and will serve as a uniform modeling framework for the design and evaluation of various ATMS concepts.
Weavers of Revolution: The Yarur Workers and Chile's Road to Socialism

Peter Winn, a highly regarded and internationally recognized Latin-American scholar and journalist, has written an innovative case study of Chile's revolution from below. Winn's analysis of the dramatic seizure of the Yarur cotton mill in Santiago and its widely felt repercussions for Allende's revolution is based on extensive, unique interviews. He juxtaposes the workers' views and activities during the revolution with a portrait of the government.
Multiple regression estimation for motion analysis and segmentation

This paper describes multiple model estimation for motion analysis and segmentation (aka spatial partitioning), from point correspondences in two successive images. In motion analysis applications, available (training) data is generated by several unknown models (motions). However, the correspondence between data samples and different models (motions) is unknown. Hence, the goal of learning (motion estimation) is two-fold, i.e. estimation (learning) of unknown motions (models) and separation (segmentation) of available data into several subsets corresponding to different motions. We present the mathematical formulation for multiple motion estimation, as a problem of learning several (regression) mappings, from a single data set, and then show a constructive (SVM-based) learning algorithm developed for this setting. Experimental results show potential advantages of the proposed method.
Linear electrooptic studies of dye-doped polymers

We have modified the basic Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer for use in the study of the electro-optic properties of dye-doped polymers. In situ electric field-, temperature-, and frequency-dependent linear electro-optic measurements of thin films of 4-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene (DANS) doped into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is reported.
Calcium compleing with carbonate ion in aqueous solutions at 25°C and 1 atmosphere

Abstract Experimental solubilities of calcite in water originally free of CO2 and data on the stability of calcite ( langmuir , 1968) are consistent with moderate formation of the CaCO3° ion-pair. The dissociation constant of CaCO3° is estimated to be KCaCO3° = 10−3.1±0.3.
Working With Insults: Discourse and Difference in an Inner-City Youth Organization

Over the last few decades in the US, a wide variety of community-based organizations (CBOs) has emerged in response to a sense of failure of mainstream institutions to work with a socially and linguistically diverse population. Discourse analysts have paid little attention to the discursive practices - which often bear little resemblance to conventional institutional discourse - found in CBOs. This article analyzes, as an example of the heterogeneous discourse of CBOs, an insulting routine between two teenagers - a white, upper middle-class female and a black, working-class male - working together in an inner-city youth theater group. The routine helped the teens accomplish some of the theater group's goals, but it also reinforced the gender inequality and signalled passive acceptance of the race prejudice the group was explicitly seeking to challenge. The contradictions within this routine are indicative of the challenges faced by CBOs attempting to embrace diversity.
A Cyst You Can’t Miss: A Rare Presentation of an Orbital Apocrine Hidrocystoma

Apocrine hidrocystomas are benign cystic lesions derived from the sweat glands of Moll and seldom found in the orbit. The authors present a case of a 41-year-old healthy man, with no prior medical history, referred for a painless enlarging mass, medial to his right upper eyelid for the past 3 months. Computed tomography showed a well-defined cystic lesion localized in the supero-medial anterior orbit. Following complete excision of the lesion, histopathology revealed an apocrine hidrocystoma. Although rare, apocrine hidrocystomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis for cystic mass of the orbit at any age group.
Development of a PET tracer for MS

1124 Objectives Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disease for which no PET tracers are available. Tracers are in development for brain inflammation (e.g. TSPO ligands) and myelin but no tracers for demyelinated axons -the hallmark of MS- exist. Upon demyelination, K+ channels that are normally buried under the myelin sheath become exposed and leaky. The recently approved drug: 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, Ampyra) blocks these channels enhancing conduction and ameliorating the symptoms. We hypothesized that this drug acted selectively on demyelinated axons and could be turned into a tracer. Our goals: 1. Confirm that 4-AP preferentially acts on demyelinated axons. 2. Synthesize fluorinated derivatives compatible with F18 labeling. 3. Demonstrate that 4-AP and derivatives localize to demyelinated areas in mouse models of MS. Methods We synthesized four fluorinated derivatives of 4-AP. Using electrophysiology we measured their affinity to Kv1 channels and effect on conduction of dys/myelinated mouse optic nerves. We performed PK studies and compared CNS permeability and stability. We injected 14C-labeled drugs into live mice with focal and widespread demyelination and evaluated the distribution of the drug in their brains using ex-vivo autoradiography. We quantified uptake values and correlated them with histological analysis for myelin. Results 4-AP does not localize to white matter areas unless there is demyelination. Using a [C14] 4-AP we can accurately detect regions of demyelination in mouse models. We developed fluorinated derivatives that have similar affinity and greater brain permeability and stability. These compounds are excellent candidates for PET. F18 labeling and PET imaging is ongoing. Conclusions In this project we have identified the first compound whose uptake increases with demyelination, which is also brain permeable, metabolically stable and safe. We have developed fluorinated analogs compatible with F18 labeling. These compounds are potential PET tracers for MS and other diseases with white matter damage such as traumatic brain injury. Research Support NMSS
2011 Redistricting in Texas: Cases Black/Brown Cooperation and Conflict

As the 2011 round of redistricting continues to unfold in Texas, African Americans and Mexican Americans worked together as groups and individuals on proposals for redistricting various political jurisdiction in the state as well as challenged at the Department of Justice and in federal court redistricitng plans submitted by the state and political jurisdictions in Harris County. However, in some cases where the two populations are in geographical proximity, the definition and application of the principle retrogression is being challenged. African American are seeking to maintain population control of seats they presently control. Mexican American are seeking to prove that the new lines dilute their vote in violation of Section 2. The question this round of redistricting might answer is how do you measure retrogression when the two plaintiffs are representatives of minority groups covered by the Voting Rights Act? Lawsuits in federal district court should be compled by late December 2011 providing additional information on how these two groups define.
Simulating One-Photon Absorption and Resonance Raman Scattering Spectra Using Analytical Excited State Energy Gradients within Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory.

A parallel implementation of analytical time-dependent density functional theory gradients is presented for the quantum chemistry program NWChem. The implementation is based on the Lagrangian approach developed by Furche and Ahlrichs. To validate our implementation, we first calculate the Stokes shifts for a range of organic dye molecules using a diverse set of exchange-correlation functionals (traditional density functionals, global hybrids, and range-separated hybrids) followed by simulations of the one-photon absorption and resonance Raman scattering spectrum of the phenoxyl radical, the well-studied dye molecule rhodamine 6G, and a molecular host–guest complex (TTF⊂CBPQT4+). The study of organic dye molecules illustrates that B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP generally give the best agreement with experimentally determined Stokes shifts unless the excited state is a charge transfer state. Absorption, resonance Raman, and fluorescence simulations for the phenoxyl radical indicate that explicit solvation may be requi...
Civic Jazz: American Music and Kenneth Burke on the Art of Getting Along, by Gregory Clark

Last October I bought a ticket to hear the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra with Wynton Marsalis. I went because I wanted to hear what democracy sounded like. Or, more accurately, I went to hear wh...
Economic Impact of High-Speed Rail on Household Income in China

Although developed only in the past 20 years, Chinese high-speed rail (HSR) has overtaken many of its forerunners in its unprecedented scale. However, such a scale raises questions about its implications for regional economic development. Previous studies have discussed the impact of HSR at the regional and city levels, but few have addressed its impact on the individual level, which is crucial for understanding the distribution of the impact. To fill the gap, this study focused on the economic impact of recent HSR development between 2009 and 2012 on Chinese household income and discussed its significance, magnitude, and distribution. The survey data from the China Family Panel Survey were used and a difference-in-differences approach was implemented. Two key explanatory variables, weighted average travel time and probability of living proximate to HSR stations, were included in the models to examine the direct and spillover impacts of HSR. The study shows that these impacts both contribute to the HSR im...
Species Removal Studies. I. Dispersal Strategies of Sympatric Sigmodon hispidus and Reithrodontomys fulvescens Populations

Sigmodon hispidus and Reithrodontomys fulvescens are the codominant rodent species of the Texas coastal prairie. Eight isolated 1.6 hectare replicated plots were used to study dispersal strategies of these rodents. Each replicate was live-trapped for nineteen months. For two control replicates all captured individuals were identified, sexed, weighed, marked, and released. In two perturbed replicates all Reithrodontomys were removed, in two perturbed replicates all Sigmodon were removed, and in two other perturbed replicates both species were removed. Monthly dispersal of individuals into plots where that species was previously removed was measured. The number of dispersers of both sexes of Sigmodon and Reithrodontomys were positively correlated with monthly changes in control (resident) density. Sex ratio comparisons between dispersers and residents reflected nonsignificant differences for both species. The rank-order of weight (age) classes of dispersers was positively correlated with the classes found in control plots for female Sigmodon and male Reithrodontomys entering both types of perturbed conditions. Pre-emption by Reithrodontomys appeared to inhibit the immigration of the larger (adult) classes of Sigmodon males. Higher proportions of Reithrodontomys females, compared to males, invaded both types of perturbed plots. Resident populations of both species appeared to inhibit conspecific immigration. The rank-order templated dispersal strategy found during this study has the advantage of introducing a stabilized age structure into newly acquired habitat space.
Tubal Ligation and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: Findings From the Women's Health Initiative.

Objective Bilateral tubal ligation (BTL) is a common form of birth control in the United States. There are limited, contradictory data examining BTL and the risk of endometrial cancer and none examining type I and type II cancers separately. We investigated the association between BTL and endometrial cancer risk using the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Observational and Dietary Modification Studies. Methods Demographic information and history of BTL were obtained from the baseline questionnaires from 76,483 WHI participants in the Observational and Dietary Modification Studies. Univariable and multivariable models were used to examine the association of BTL with type I and type II endometrial cancers. Results A total of 1137 women were diagnosed with incident endometrial cancer (972 type I and 128 type II) during a mean follow-up of 11.3 years. Overall, 14,499 (19%) women had undergone BTL. There were no statistically significant associations noted between BTL and age at BTL for type I or type II cancers. Conclusions We examined the largest patient cohort to date in an effort to determine the impact of BTL on endometrial cancer risk. In the WHI trial, we observed no overall effect of BTL on the risk of type I or type II endometrial cancer, suggesting that patients undergoing this popular birth control method likely do not have an associated change in their baseline risk for endometrial cancer.
Supply networks and performance: the joint role of relationship strength and structure

Relationship strength, structural characteristics of supply networks, and their implications on performance have received increasing attention from scholars and practitioners in recent years. However, scholars have petitioned for research that incorporates relationship strength and supply network structure in tandem to move towards a better understanding and management of supply network relationships for improved performance. We seek to complement this growing stream of research by investigating several underlying characteristics of customer and supplier relationships and their influence on firm performance. Namely, we examine two characteristics related to relationship strength: the type of supply network relationship a firm invests in (relationship type) and the degree to which they invest in such relationships (relationship intensity). We also examine two characteristics related to supply network structure: the level of shared relationships between a firm’s partners (supply network interconnectedness) ...
Midwave-infrared semiconductor lasers with InAs/GaInSb broken-gap-superlattice active regions

InAs/GalnSb broken-gap superlattices (BGSLs) are attractive candidates for midwave-infrared (MWIR) laser active regions because they possess sufficient degrees of freedom to tailor the valence band structure while keeping the strain low enough to prevent the formation of misfit dislocations. The valence band structure can be optimized to suppress Auger recombination and to reduce the density of states at k = 0, thereby reducing laser threshold. Here we report the first MWIR MQW laser diodes with InAs/Ga0 75In0.25Sb BGSL quantum wells. The laser structures employ Ga0.75In0.25As0.22Sb0.78 barrier layers, and InAs/AlSb superlattice cladding layers with an AlSb blocking layer deposited directly on top of the p-type superlattice clad for enhanced electron confinement. The Ga„ 75In0 75As0 22Sb0 78 barriers yield a type- 1 MQW with the BGSL active region, confining both electrons and holes, as well as enhancing the optical confinement factor of the structure due to their relatively large refractive index.
Effects of Iron Status and Iron Supplementation on Salmonella Typhimurium and Plasmodium Yoelii Infection In Mice

Abstract Abstract 2052 To clarify the interactions between iron status, oral iron supplementation, and bacterial and malarial infections, we examined iron-replete mice and mice with dietary iron deficiency infected with Salmonella typhimurium, Plasmodium yoelii, or both, with and without oral iron administration. These studies were designed to identify potential mechanisms underlying the increased risk of severe illness and death in children in a malaria-endemic region who received routine iron and folic acid supplementation during a randomized, controlled trial in Pemba, Tanzania (Sazawal et al. Lancet 2006;367:133-43). To this end, weanling C57BL/6 female mice were fed an iron-replete or an iron-deficient diet, the latter of which resulted in severe iron deficiency anemia. Groups of mice were then infected by intraperitoneal injection of Salmonella typhimurium strain LT2, Plasmodium yoelii strain 17X parasites, or both. With Salmonella infection alone, iron-deficient mice had a median survival (7.5 days, N=8) approximately half that of iron-replete mice (13 days, N=10, p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Development and Testing of a Multi-Transducer System for Measuring Height of Condensed Water in Steam Pipes with Steady-State and Turbulent Flow Conditions

One of the critical requirements for ensuring the safety of a steam pipe is to monitor the condensed water level under operation. For this objective, the authors initially developed methods and obtained preliminary test results based on the use of ultrasonic pulse-echo transducers and enhanced signal-processing tool; however, the methodology needed further development in order to obtain measurements in turbulent dynamic flow conditions. To improve the reliability of measurements taken in turbulent flow conditions, an experimental system was developed using multiple transducers driven by a multiplexer, and a data acquisition module capable of operating in any flow conditions. The system consists of a simulation testbed, which allows testing the performance over a range of flow rates and water levels and to observe flow conditions and patterns, as well as measure actual water level, flow velocities, wave conditions, etc. In this paper, we present the development details that include description of the testbed for simulating the flow of condensed water, the multiple transducers arrangement, the signal processing method, and the test results of both steady state and turbulent flow.
CCR7 Deficiency Allows Accelerated Clearance of Chlamydia from the Female Reproductive Tract.

Immune mechanisms responsible for pathogen clearance from the female reproductive tract (FRT) are incompletely defined; in particular, the contribution of lymphocyte trafficking to this process is unclear. CCR7-deficient mice have profoundly altered lymphocyte recirculation and display ectopic formation of lymphocyte aggregates within mucosal nonlymphoid tissues, including the FRT. In this study, we investigated how altered lymphocyte distribution in CCR7-deficient mice would affect host responses to Chlamydia muridarum within the reproductive tract. As expected, CCR7-deficient mice exhibited reduced lymphocyte trafficking to lymph nodes and a corresponding increase in T cell populations within the FRT. After intravaginal infection with Chlamydia , CCR7-deficient mice displayed markedly reduced Ag-specific CD4 T cell responses within the local draining iliac lymph nodes, yet robust Th1 and Th17 responses were prominent in the FRT. In addition, Chlamydia -specific Ab responses were dysregulated in CCR7-deficient mice, displaying an unexpected increase in the systemic IgA responses. Importantly, prominent mucosal immune responses in CCR7-deficient mice increased the efficiency of bacteria clearance from the FRT while reducing tissue-associated inflammation and pathology. Thus, increased numbers of lymphocytes within the FRT result in pathogen clearance with reduced immune-mediated pathology.
A survey of plant and insect exudates in the archaeology of Arizona

Abstract The Arizona State Museum has more than 30,000 archaeological perishable artifacts. A large scale inventory of this collection led to an analytical survey to identify the indigenous adhesives that are present in these objects. Adhesive samples from 64 objects that covered 31 different archaeological sites and encompassed every major cultural tradition in Arizona were analyzed with attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The study found that Pinaceae exudates and insect lac were the primary adhesive materials. Insect lac was the predominant adhesive used by the Hohokam, and both pine resin and insect lac were found in artifacts from the Mogollon and Ancestral Pueblo. Because insect lac is produced by insects ( Tachardiella spp.) endemic to the desert lowlands, this indicates exchange of insect lac throughout the cultural regions of Arizona. This study illustrates the value of addressing a collection as a whole to increase understanding of prehistoric material culture and fabrication technology.
Religion and cognitive processing of trauma among newly returned US Iraq and Afghanistan veterans

ABSTRACTReligion can provide a powerful meaning-making framework that promotes adaptive processing of potentially traumatic events. However, spiritual strain or distress might be associated with maladaptive perceptions of the meaning of possible traumas. These theoretical propositions have yet to be tested in the empirical literature (to our knowledge). This study examined associations between adaptive and maladaptive religious factors – labelled “seeking religious support” and “spiritual distress” and cognitive processing of trauma in a sample of 90 Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans recently returned from deployments. Results indicated that seeking religious support was positively, and spiritual distress was negatively, associated with adaptive processing but neither were linked with maladaptive meanings of trauma in the presence of known covariates (posttraumatic stress, depression, combat exposure, and social support). These findings demonstrate that religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours may affect ho...
Pathogenetic and Prognostic Factors for Neonatal Gastric Perforation: Personal Experience and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Neonatal gastric perforation (NGP) is a rare entity. Our aim was to report our experience and review the recent Literature to characterize NGP, describe associated factors, and define prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of all consecutive patients with NGP treated between June 2009 and December 2017 in a third level paediatric hospital. In addition, a systematic review of Medline and Scopus database was performed using a defined strategy. All articles referring to NGP published between 2005 and 2017 were retrieved. Variables considered: prematurity (<37 weeks gestation), birth weight (BW), Apgar score, prenatal complications, age at diagnosis, bag ventilation, pathogenetic events, site of perforation, treatment of perforation, sepsis, and outcome. Mann-Whitney or Fisher’s test were used as appropriate. Results are median (range) or prevalence. Results: Between 2009 and 2016 we treated 8 consecutive patients for NGP and 200 further cases were retrieved from the systematic review (total of 208 patients). Overall survival was 73%. Most frequently eeported pathogenesis: iatrogenic (20 patients), hypoxic/ischemic or infection stress (13 patients), Duodenal/jejunal obstruction (11 patients), drugs (11 patients) esophageal atresia (10 patients). 60% patients had only primary repair of the perforation as gastric surgery. Sepsis developed in 56 patients (34%). Conclusion: Although the pathogenesis of NGP is pleomorphic, prematurity and low birth weight are frequent in these patients. Reviewing our experience and the available Literature, none of the variables considered but sepsis was associated with mortality.
Metabolic detoxification of the phytoalexins maackiain and medicarpin by Nectria haematococca field isolates: relationship to virulence on chickpea

Previous studies on isolates of Nectria haematococca mating population (MP) VI demonstrated that this fungus could detoxify the phytoalexins maackiain and medicarpin via three different metabolic routes. In the present study, 130 field isolates of N. haematococca MP VI were tested for ability to metabolize maackiain, tolerance of maackiain, and virulence on chickpea, Cicer arietinum, a plant that produces maackiain and medicarpin as phytoalexins. The isolates differed in these traits, including which of the metabolic routes were used to metabolize maackiain as well as whether maackiain was metabolized at all. Most of the isolates were quite tolerant of maackiain, as they were inhibited less than 25% at 50 μg ml−1. The more sensitive isolates were all low in virulence on chickpea, suggesting that some level of tolerance to maackiain is required for high virulence on this plant. All isolates that were able to metabolize maackiain were tolerant of it, and most isolates lacking this ability were sensitive. However, several maackiain-tolerant isolates failed to metabolize maackiain, and one of these isolates was virulent on chickpea, suggesting that phytoalexin tolerance mechanisms other than detoxification may also be important. Tolerance of medicarpin was strongly correlated with maackiain tolerance in the 53 isolates examined for both traits.
God and Desire

The world has changed again. What used to be the natural allies for a theology which wanted to make sense, have fallen under suspicion: Reason, both pure and practical, are no longer able to supply theology with the resources and links it needs in order to relate its God-talk to talk about the world of humans. By attacking and questioning reason in different forms, and its abilities to teach us something about the world as it is, Nietzsche and Freud simultaneously directed their critical apparatus against what had been the most prominent allies of theology for almost 2000 years. Consequently a theology that based its claims on the results of some form of metaphysics based on reason, today finds itself
Emergent injustices: An evolution of disaster justice in Indonesia’s mud volcano:

Since first erupting in 2006, the Lapindo mud volcano has become the most controversial and expensive disaster in Indonesian history. Despite its unique geophysical features, most consider the mudf...
Prosthetic Options: Advantages and Disadvantages

The use of mesh revolutionized the hernia surgery field by providing for a tension-free repair method for fascial defects. There are many different commercially available options for inguinal hernia prosthetic reinforcement, and every surgeon must have the knowledge to make an educated choice for a needed prosthetic. The chosen mesh should facilitate an adequate repair while matching a specific clinical scenario as well as the patient’s goals. This chapter describes the features of frequently used mesh options as well as our own algorithm for prosthetics selection in groin hernia repair.
Energy-dependence of phlorizin binding to isolated renal microvillus membranes. Evidence concerning the mechanism of coupling between the electrochemical Na+ gradient the sugar transport.

In order to elucidate the mechanism by which the electrochemical Na+ gradient energizes glucose transport, the energy-dependence of high affinity phlorizin binding to isolated renal microvillus membrane vesicles was examined. Phlorizin is a competitive inhibitor of glucose transport but is not itself transported. Extravesicular Na+ accelerated the rate of phlorizin binding and inhibited the rate of dissociation of bound glycoside. Maneuvers to enhance intravesicular electronegativity stimulated phlorizin uptake and those to enhance intravesicular electropositivity inhibited. However, alterations in electrical potential were without effect on the rate of release of bound phlorizin. Intravesicular Na+ inhibited the phlorizin uptake rate. The results are consistent with a model of the glucose transporter in which (i) Na+ increases the binding affinity of the carrier, (ii) the free carrier is negatively charged, and (iii) the translocation of the carrier is inhibited by the binding of Na+ in the absence of sugar. The electrochemical Na+ gradient thus energizes both glucose transport and phlorizin binding through its effect on the affinity and appearance of, the free carrier at the membrane surface rather than through an effect on sugar translocation per se.
Gusev, The Bishop [Arkhierey], The Death of Ivan Ilyich [Smert’ Ivana Ilyicha]: comparing stylistic systems

The author undertakes comparative analysis of A. Chekhov’s and L. Tolstoy’s stylistic systems in order to identify similarities and differences in their respective worldviews. The article quotes Chekhov’s repeated and unequivocal dismissals of Tolstoy’s ideas about progress, science, and the nation in his letters and notebooks, and references Chekhov’s covert polemic with Tolstoy in his short stories. For the purposes of the analysis, the author considers the stories dealing with the protagonist’s death ( Gusev , The Bishop [ Arkhierey ], and The Death of Ivan Ilyich [ Smert’ Ivana Ilyicha ]). The study raises the issue of artistic means corresponding to the artistic agenda, and points out the writers’ contrasting attitudes to their characters: Tolstoy’s detachment as opposed to Chekhov’s self-identification. Another focus is on the tropes used to describe the characters’ inner life: Tolstoy’s specific and bodily, or ‘pagan’, imagery versus Chekhov’s lyrical motifs. Finally, the article disproves V. Nabokov’s criticism of Chekhov using ‘any odd’ word.
Phototrophic N2 and CO2 Fixation Using a Rhodopseudomonas palustris-H2 Mediated Electrochemical System With Infrared Photons

A promising approach for the synthesis of high value reduced compounds is to couple bacteria to the cathode of an electrochemical cell, with delivery of electrons from the electrode driving reductive biosynthesis in the bacteria. Such systems have been used to reduce CO2 to acetate and other C-based compounds. Here, we report an electrosynthetic system that couples a diazotrophic, photoautotrophic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1, to the cathode of an electrochemical cell through the mediator H2 that allows reductive capture of both CO2 and N2 with all of the energy coming from the electrode and infrared (IR) photons. R. palustris TIE-1 was shown to utilize a narrow band of IR radiation centered around 850 nm to support growth under both photoheterotrophic, non-diazotrophic and photoautotrophic, diazotrophic conditions with growth rates similar to those achieved using broad spectrum incandescent light. The bacteria were also successfully cultured in the cathodic compartment of an electrochemical cell with the sole source of electrons coming from electrochemically generated H2, supporting reduction of both CO2 and N2 using 850 nm photons as an energy source. Growth rates were similar to non-electrochemical conditions, revealing that the electrochemical system can fully support bacterial growth. Faradaic efficiencies for N2 and CO2 reduction were 8.5 and 47%, respectively. These results demonstrate that a microbial-electrode hybrid system can be used to achieve reduction and capture of both CO2 and N2 using low energy IR radiation and electrons provided by an electrode.
On the Accuracy of Drug-Resistant Cell Population Estimation from Total Cancer Size Measurements

This paper analyzes the accuracy with which the drug-resistant sub-population of cancer cells in a tumor can be estimated from measurements of total tumor size. The paper is motivated by two key facts. First, drug resistance is one of the main reasons for the failure of cancer chemotherapy treatment: a fact that makes it critical to monitor and estimate such resistance. Second, recent research has shown that above a threshold level of drug resistance, the optimal treatment protocol is one that regulates total cancer size rather than attempting to eliminate the cancer. This makes the accurate estimation of resistance critical for treatment protocol selection. The literature already examines the causes and dynamics of resistance in cancerous tumors. However, the problem of determining the accuracy with which the prevalence of resistance can be estimated remains relatively unexplored. To address this gap in the literature, we apply Fisher information analysis to the problem of estimating the fraction of a total cancer cell population that is drug-resistant, assuming a constant drug administration rate. Our analysis reveals that drug-resistant cell population estimation accuracy worsens with increasing drug administration rate up to the point where the drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cell population growth rates are equal. Beyond that point, additional drug administration improves resistance estimation accuracy.
Logic-Based Benders Decomposition for Large-Scale Optimization

Logic-based Benders decomposition (LBBD) is a substantial generalization of classical Benders decomposition that, in principle, allows the subproblem to be any optimization problem rather than specifically a linear or nonlinear programming problem. It is amenable to a wide variety of large-scale problems that decouple or otherwise simplify when certain decision variables are fixed. This chapter presents the basic theory of LBBD and explains how classical Benders decomposition is a special case. It also describes branch and check, a variant of LBBD that solves the master problem only once. It illustrates in detail how Benders cuts and subproblem relaxations can be developed for some planning and scheduling problems. It then describes the role of LBBD in three large-scale case studies. The chapter concludes with an extensive survey of the LBBD literature, organized by problem domain, to allow the reader to explore how Benders cuts have been developed for a wide range of applications.
People v. Chance: Analyzing the Assault Statute's Present Ability Requirement

Between 1997 and 2006 there were 5,045,904 felony arrests in California. During that same time span there were 1,094,130 arrests for assault. Indeed, in each of those years arrests for assault vastly outnumbered all other types of violent offenses combined. Arrests for assault also outnumbered every other specific type of felony arrest. In light of these statistics, the assault statute has the potential to affect more criminal defendants than any other section of the California Penal Code. It is hardly an overstatement, then, to suggest that the Supreme Court’s opinion in People v. Chance was the most important criminal case decided during the 2008 term. Chance afforded the Court an opportunity to interpret section 240 of the Penal Code. That section provides that “[a]n assault is an unlawful attempt, coupled with a present ability, to commit a violent injury on the person of another.” The Court considered the present ability requirement and held that sufficient evidence supported the assault conviction of a two-strike offender. Reversing the judgment of the Court of Appeal, the Court clarified its holdings in prior assault cases concerning the required mental state under section 240. It also—and more importantly—established a test to evaluate a defendant’s present ability to injure his intended victim. The casenote proceeds in three parts. Part I discusses the factual background and procedural history of Chance. It also explores the reasoning of both Justice Corrigan’s majority opinion and Justice Kennard’s dissenting opinion. Part II considers prior decisions that influenced the reasoning in those opinions. In addition, this part briefly places California’s assault law in context
"You don't want anyone who hasn't been through anything telling you what to do, because how do they know?": Qualitative analysis of case managers in a hospital-based violence intervention program.

Author(s): Decker, Hannah C; Hubner, Gwendolyn; Nwabuo, Adaobi; Johnson, Leslie; Texada, Michael; Marquez, Ruben; Orellana, Julia; Henderson, Terrell; Dicker, Rochelle; Plevin, Rebecca E; Juillard, Catherine | Abstract: Statement of purposeIntentional violent injury is a leading cause of disability and death among young adults in the United States. Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs), which strive to prevent re-injury through intensive case management, have emerged as a successful and cost-effective strategy to address this issue. Despite the importance of strong therapeutic relationships between clients and their case managers, specific case manager behaviors and attributes that drive the formation of these relationships have not been elucidated.MethodsA qualitative analysis with a modified grounded theory approach was conducted to gain insight into what clients perceive to be crucial to the formation of a strong client-case manager relationship. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted with prior clients of our hospital's HVIP. The interviews were analyzed using constant comparison method for recurrent themes.ResultsSeveral key themes emerged from the interviews. Clients emphasized that their case managers must: 1) understand and relate to their sociocultural contexts, 2) navigate the initial in-hospital meeting to successfully create connection, 3) exhibit true compassion and care, 4) serve as role models, 5) act as portals of opportunity, and 6) engender mutual respect and pride.ConclusionsThis study identifies key behaviors of case managers that facilitate the formation of strong therapeutic relationships at the different stages of client recovery. This study's findings emphasize the importance of case managers being culturally aligned with and embedded in their clients' communities. This work can provide a roadmap for case managers to form optimally effective relationships with clients.
Deep learning for peptide identification from metaproteomics datasets.

Metaproteomics are becoming widely used in microbiome research for gaining insights into the functional state of the microbial community. Current metaproteomics studies are generally based on high-throughput tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) coupled with liquid chromatography. The identification of peptides and proteins from MS data involves the computational procedure of searching MS/MS spectra against a predefined protein sequence database and assigning top-scored peptides to spectra. Existing computational tools are still far from being able to extract all the information out of large MS/MS datasets acquired from metaproteome samples. In this paper, we proposed a deep-learning-based algorithm, called DeepFilter, for improving the rate of confident peptide identifications from a collection of tandem mass spectra. Compared with other post-processing tools, including Percolator, Q-ranker, PeptideProphet, and Iprophet, DeepFilter identified 20% and 10% more peptide-spectrum-matches and proteins, respectively, on marine microbial and soil microbial metaproteome samples with false discovery rate at 1%.
Clinical Features of Psychotic Disorders: Comparing Categorical and Dimensional Models

Objective Despite research demonstrating the value of dimensional approaches, standard systems for classifying psychotic disorders rely primarily on categorization of patients into distinct diagnos...
Islamic Trauma Healing: Integrating Faith and Empirically Supported Principles in a Community-Based Program.

Abstract Access to adequate, much less state-of-the-art, mental health care is a global problem. Natural disasters, civil war, and terrorist conflict have forcibly displaced millions of Muslims and have resulted in a remarkable level of individual and communitywide trauma exposure. As a result, many are at risk for posttraumatic stress and other trauma-related disorders. Many religiously oriented Muslims traditionally rely on Islamic principles and teachings, as well as their community, to cope with and address trauma-related distress. Islamic Trauma Healing is a six-session, lay-led group intervention developed within a Somali Muslim community that integrates evidence-based trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy principles with cultural and religious practices aimed to enhance uptake and create an easily up-scalable intervention for a wide range of trauma. In sessions, narratives of prophets who have undergone trauma (e.g., Prophet Ayyub, faith during hard times) present Islamic principles and facilitate cognitive shifts. Group members spend individual time turning to Allah in dua (i.e., informal prayer), focused on exposure to trauma memories. Program themes arc across suffering to healing to growth following trauma. This paper describes the core theoretical principles and methods in the Islamic Trauma Healing program. We also describe leader perspectives and the program’s train-the-trainer model, in which lay leaders are trained to further disseminate the program and allow Islamic Trauma Healing to be owned and sustained by the Muslim community.
Three-Dimensional Integration of Functional Oxides and Crystalline Silicon for Optical Neuromorphic Computing Using Nanometer-Scale Oxygen Scavenging Barriers

Dating to the first reports of epitaxial oxide deposition on Si(001), the integration of complex oxides on silicon has been a fast-moving area of research, where fundamental materials physics is in...