cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Summation: β-lactam resistance surveillance in the Asia–Western Pacific Region

The in vitro antimicrobial resistance surveillance studies presented in this series of symposium publications offer unique country-based information, and establish the opportunity to compare rates of susceptibility or resistance among commonly used broadspectrum b-lactam agents. A series of tables have been prepared that summarize important resistance mechanism rates for the Asia–Western Pacific nations (this symposium) and the results from the same study design applied to clinical isolates from the United States (Jones et al., 1997b), Latin America (Colombian Antimicrobial Resistance Study [CARS] Group et al., 1997; Puerto Rico Antimicrobial Resistance Study [PRARS] Group et al., 1998; Sader et al., 1997; Venezuelan Antimicrobial Resistance Study [VARS] Group et al., 1998), Turkey (Turkish Antimicrobial Resistance Study [TARS] Group et al., 1999), and China (Xu et al., 1999). The quality assurance performed in each study resulted in the disqualification of a number of participant’s data in each geographic region, and only data from control-qualified or monitor-confirmed resistant strains were forwarded for publication. All results were interpreted by the criteria published by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) and the utilized method has been validated versus NCCLS (1997) procedures (NCCLS, 1999). b-Lactam Activity Against P. aeruginosa
Classical theory of ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy: Applications to I2 photodissociation in Ar solution

We apply a time-frequency response theory of pump-probe spectroscopy, due to Yan, to the experiments of Zewail and co-workers on I_2 photodissociation in Ar solution. This theory can be implemented with quantum, semiclassical or classical dynamics, thereby allowing the treatment of complex systems such as molecules in solution. The advantage of this theory is that it can take into account the actual light pulses that are used in the experiment, and we can therefore make a separation of those effects due to the physics of the system from those due to the finite temporal and spectral width of the pump and probe excitation pulses. We show here that the classical mechanical formulation of pump-probe dynamics is able to reproduce qualitatively many features of the experimental measurements. This agreement allows us to interpret much of the underlying physics of the pump-probe process in terms of the underlying microscopic dynamics.
Diagnostic Use of the WISC-R and McCarthy Scales: A Regression Analysis Approach to Learning Disabilities.

Thirty learning disabled and 30 nonlearning disabled students were individually administered the WISC-R, McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, and the Wide Range Achievement Test. Regression analyses were conducted to determine the combination of scores from the WISC-R and McCarthy Scales that best predicted the achievement level of the subjects. In addition, the scores that best predicted group status (LD or nonLD) were determined. In general, the WISC-R Comprehension, Arithmetic, and Object Assembly, and the McCarthy Quantitative and Memory Indices were most sensitive to the LD students' achievement. Conversely, the WISC-R Similarities and Arithmetic and the McCarthy Verbal Index were most sensitive to the achievement of nonLD students. Finally, the McCarthy Perceptual-Performance Index and the WISC-R Vocabulary subtest best discriminated group status. The diagnostic implications of these results were discussed.
Colour polymorphic prey (Littorina saxatilis Olivi) and predatory effects of a crab population (Carcinus maenas L.)

Many marine animal species are genetically polymorphic in colour. Visual selective predation is commonly suggested as a mechanism maintaining colour polymorphism in prey species and may, for example, result in correlations between colour frequencies and the background colour. Such correlations are commonly observed as, for example, in the polymorphic gastropod Littorina saxatilis. On Swedish shores the colour polymorphism of this snail is related to habitat. On boulder shores, with dense populations of predatory crabs (Carcinus maenas) the snails are mostly cryptically brownish. In contrast, on exposed rocky shore sites where crabs are absent, Littorina saxatilis have white, banded and tessellated forms. In a field experiment on Swedish boulder shores, natural crab populations were allowed to choose between conspicuous and cryptic morphs of L. saxatilis. White and dark snail shells were glued to greyish granite stones and to black diabase stones, which were put at the mid-tide level on two shores. The white shells were cryptic on the granite stones but conspicuous on diabase, while the opposite was true for dark shells. When half of the shells had been crushed, which took only 1 or 2 days, there was no difference in the number of cryptic and conspicuous shells in any of the replicate experiments. Thus crabs on these shores do not heavily influence the colour frequencies of L. saxatilis, despite the strong correlation between presence of crabs and low colour variation, and even though crabs are the most important predators.
Relativistic quantum mechanics, production reactions, and unitarized multiparticle amplitudes

Abstract A relativistic quantum mechanics for production processes is formulated and exactly solvable models arising from separable potentials are used to generate multiparticle scattering amplitudes. These multiparticle amplitudes contain undetermined multiparticle functions which can be used for fitting multiparticle data. A brief discussion of multiparticle unitarity is also given.
Read the fine print

New quantum algorithms promise an exponential speed-up for machine learning, clustering and finding patterns in big data. But to achieve a real speed-up, we need to delve into the details.
Micromanipulation of colloidal structures at interfaces using magnetic tweezers

Magnetic tweezers have evolved into an indispensable tool in soft condensed matter and biological physics. They are used to study local forces in biological tissue, to stretch and manipulate DNA, to transport ferrofluids, and to probe protein networks in the cell environment. Magnetic tweezers are stronger and cover a wider range of forces (femto- to nano-Newtons) than optical tweezers (pico-Newtons). However, optical tweezers have proven more versatile than conventional magnetic-tweezers in performing complex local manipulations on the micron scale. Here we use nanomagnets formed by movable domain walls in magnetic films to combine the advantages of conventional, magnetic and optical tweezers. Recently nanomagnetic elements were proposed for micro-manipulation of vortices in superconductors. It was shown that a movable magnetic domain wall can be used to generate, trap, and move vortices due to the wall’s highly inhomogeneous magnetic stray field. Our research builds on recent accomplishments including the application of nanomagnets for the controlled manipulation of paramagnetic colloids, and the measurement of the forces that arrange the colloids in different low-dimensional states of aggregate.
Representations of rational Cherednik algebras of rank one in positive characteristic

Abstract In this paper, we classify the irreducible representations of the rational Cherednik algebras of rank 1 in characteristic p >0. There are two cases. One is the “quantum” case, where “Planck's constant” is nonzero and generic irreducible representations have dimension pr , where r is the order of the cyclic group contained in the algebra. The other is the “classical” case, where “Planck's constant” is zero and generic irreducible representations have dimension r .
Willingness to pay for brands: a cross‐region, cross‐category analysis

Using survey data collected in multiple locations (California and Texas in the United States and Revohot in Israel), we quantify category- and location-specific variations of consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for brand products after controlling for consumer characteristics. We find that consumers have a similar qualitative assessment of brand value in different product categories across different locations. That is, consumers have a stronger preference and higher WTP for brands in consumer electronics, followed by clothing and then processed food, and the lowest in fresh produce. Furthermore, we simulate price premiums and market shares of brands relative to generic products in different categories. Simulation results suggest that brands in fresh produce have the highest price premium but lowest market share. Despite the similarities, the magnitude of WTP for brands as well as the simulated price premium and the corresponding market share in the same product category are location variant. The similarities and dissimilarities suggest validity of having global brand strategies adapted to local conditions, that is, the so-called “thinking globally and acting locally” strategy.
Evolution of king crabs from hermit crab ancestors

KING crabs (Family Lithodidae) are among the world's largest arthropods, having a crab-like morphology and a strongly calcified exoskeleton1–6. The hermit crabs, by contrast, have depended on gastropod shells for protection for over 150 million years5,7. Shell-living has constrained the morphological evolution of hermit crabs by requiring a decalcified asymmetrical abdomen capable of coiling into gastropod shells and by preventing crabs from growing past the size of the largest available shells1–6. Whereas reduction in shell-living and acquisition of a crab-like morphology (carcinization) has taken place independently in several hermit crab lineages, and most dramatically in king crabs1–6, the rate at which this process has occurred was entirely unknown2,7. We present molecular evidence that king crabs are not only descended from hermit crabs, but are nested within the hermit crab genus Pagurus. We estimate that loss of the shell-living habit and the complete carcinization of king crabs has taken between 13 and 25 million years.
Layered transmit diversity for quasi-static wireless channels

We analyze space-time block codes for transmit diversity utilization from a signal processing viewpoint. The study shows that space-time block codes are not able to efficiently exploit all available signal space dimensions. In particular, the rate limitation of space-time block codes incurs a large capacity penalty. We propose a novel signal processing technique, layered transmit diversity, which achieves full rate transmission. The technique combines interference cancellation processing in the Bell Laboratory Layered Space-Time (BLAST) architecture and space-time block coding to jointly process real and imaginary parts of received signals. it is shown that layered transmit diversity can approach channel capacity.
Organic conductors and superconductors at high field

Abstract The organic charge transfer salts (TMTSF)2X (where X=ClO4, PF6, ReO4, etc.) are among the most remarkable materials discovered. A single crystal of the PF6 salt exhibits metallic, insulating, antiferromagnetic, spin density wave, and superconducting phases as well as quantum Hall effects (QHE) as temperature, pressure and magnetic field are varied. In addition there are new phenomena found in no other materials: a cascade of magnetic field induced transitions and a new form of quantum oscillations. The QHE is particularly interesting in that it is observed for the first time in a bulk crystal. Unlike the conventional integer effect which arises from noninteracting particles and some disorder, in these salts the QHE is the result of a collective spin density wave distortion which assures that the Fermi energy is always in the gap between Landau bands and the QHE steps are accompanied by first order phase transitions.
Imaging terminals of Aplysia sensory neurons demonstrates role of enhanced Ca2+ influx in presynaptic facilitation.

MODULATION of transmitter release underlies several forms of learning-related synaptic plasticity, including presynaptic facilitation and long-term potentiation1–4. Although the presynaptic terminals of most neurons are not accessible for direct study, it has often been possible to correlate changes in calcium influx in the cell body, owing to modulation of K+ or Ca2+ channels, with changes in release5–7. Some forms of presynaptic plasticity, however, do not involve changes in Ca2+ influx8–12. Moreover, the presence of multiple types of K+ and Ca2+channels with different subcellular distributions makes the direct measurement of Ca2+ influx into presynaptic terminals essential. Using synapses recon-stituted in culture between Aplysia sensory and motor neurons13, we have imaged Ca2+ influx in presynaptic terminal regions in response to action potentials, and demonstrate that presynaptic facilitation produced by 5-hydroxytryptamine involves enhanced Ca2+ influx through dihydropyridine (DHP)-insensitive Ca2+ channels14 present near release sites. This increased influx is attributable to spike broadening and is significantly correlated with the magnitude of presynaptic facilitation. By contrast, DHP-sensitive channels appear to aid the recovery from depression due to high-frequency stimulation.
U.A.R.: influential factors in the acceptance of birth control and the consequential approaches to family planning.

A number of factors have retarded the acceptance of birth control methods among peasant communities in Egypt: 1) the religious world-view of the peasant discourages him from interfering with the natural process of procreation; 2) the large family is important socially and economically in peasant society for strength and security and for the distribution of labor; 3) the status of a married woman depends to a great extent on the number of children particularly the number of sons she bears; and 4) in the Egyptian village the midwife discourages the use of contraception. Acceptance and utilization of birth control methods in Egypt are directly proportionate to the level of education of the individual. The better the economic status of the family the smaller the family is likely to be. Demographically the closer a family lives to Cairo the more likely it is that birth control techniques are being used. Egyptian family planning programs which take into consideration the difficulties of spreading the acceptance and use of contraceptives in traditional societies are discussed.
Framework topology of AIPO4-8: the first 14-ring molecular sieve

The framework topology of AIPO 4 -8, a synthetic aluminophosphate molecular sieve, has been determined via model building followed by DLS-refinement and powder pattern simulation. AIPO 4 -8 has been shown to possess a unidimensional 14-ring channel system with pore dimensions 7.9×8.7 A.
Ice Concentration Retrieval in Stratiform Mixed-Phase Clouds Using Cloud Radar Reflectivity Measurements and 1D Ice Growth Model Simulations

AbstractMeasurements of ice number concentration in clouds are important but still pose problems. The pattern of ice development in stratiform mixed-phase clouds (SMCs) offers an opportunity to use cloud radar reflectivity (Ze) measurements and other cloud properties to retrieve ice number concentrations. To quantify the strong temperature dependencies of ice crystal habits and growth rates, a one-dimensional (1D) ice growth model has been developed to calculate ice diffusional growth and riming growth along ice particle fallout trajectories in SMCs. The radar reflectivity and fallout velocity profiles of ice crystals calculated from the 1D ice growth model are evaluated with the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) Climate Research Facility (ACRF) ground-based high-vertical-resolution radar measurements. A method has been developed to retrieve ice number concentrations in SMCs at a specific cloud-top temperature (CTT) and liquid water path (LWP) by combining Ze measurements and 1D ice growth model si...
Atomic force microscopy study of the secretory granule lumen

We have used an atomic force microscope to study the mechanical properties of the matrix found in the lumen of secretory granules isolated from mast cells. The matrices were insoluble and had an average height of 474 +/- 197 nm. The volume of these matrices increased reversibly about tenfold by decreasing the valency of the bathing external cation (La3+
Aging-induced reprogramming of genes regulating cardiac excitability and refractoriness

QT syndrome (LQT4). Here, we sought to determine the prevalence and spectrum of ankyrin B mutations in a cohort of unrelated patients (pts) referred specifically for LQTS genetic testing. Methods: Between August 1997 and July 2004, 541 consecutive, unrelated pts (358 females, average age at diagnosis, 24 years, and average QTc, 482 ms) were referred to Mayo Clinic’s Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory for LQTS genetic testing. Targeted mutational analysis of 10 ANKB exons (35,36,38-45) implicated previously in the pathogenesis of LQT4 and other dysrhythmia phenotypes was performed on genomic DNA using polymerase chain reaction, denaturing high performance liquid chromatography, and direct DNA sequencing. Results: Overall, four distinct (3 novel) ankyrin B missense mutations (L1503V, E1543K, T1726N, and R1788W) were detected in 5/269 pts (1.9%) lacking any other identifiable LQTS-causing mutations (genotypenegative). Two novel missense mutations (E1578K, and S1721T) were found in 2 additional pts who also host an ATS1and LQT2-associated mutation, respectively. All 6 missense mutations involved highly conserved residues localizing to key functional domains and were absent in 600 reference alleles. The average age of diagnosis of ANKB-positive pts was 15.2 years. The resting QTc of the 5 pts with only a putative ANKB mutation was 436 45 ms. All 5 pts had been diagnosed clinically with “atypical” or “borderline” LQTS. In addition to the aforementioned mutations, the previously published and functionally characterized L1622IANKB mutation was detected in 2 genotype-negative pts (non-white) and was also observed in 3% of black controls. Conclusions: Putative pathogenic ankyrin B mutations were detected in 1.3% of unrelated pts referred for LQTS genetic testing. LQT4-associated ANKB mutations were more common than either LQT5 or LQT6 in this cohort. The precise role in arrhythmia susceptibility for the common black polymorphism, L1622I, warrants further investigation.
Investigation of digital landsat data for mapping soils under range vegetation

Abstract Computer-pattern-recognition techniques were used to investigate relationships of Landsat multispectral data to soil patterns under range vegetation. A semiarid region in Park County, Colorado, was selected for study. Landsat imagery was analyzed and class statistics developed by three methods: a conventional supervised method, a “cleaned” supervised method, and an unsupervised (clustering) method. Landsat classification maps displaying eleven different soil units were produced by each of the three analysis methods. The Landsat classification maps produced by the unsupervised method had very low agreement with ground information. The “cleaned” supervised method produced maps that agreed with soil survey information developed by conventional means 47% of the time, while those maps produced using the conventional supervised method agreed with ground information only 33% of the time. Boundaries on Landsat computer classification maps produced by the “cleaned” supervised method compared favorably with soil boundaries on soil maps produced by conventional soil survey techniques.
The effect of some surface active drugs on the assimilation of ammonium ions by a strain ofPseudomonas aeruginosa

Cellule diPseudomonas aeruginosa perdono potassio durante lavaggio in acqua e contemporaneamente esibiscono bassi livelli di utilizzazione di ioni ammonio in presenza di substrato ossidabile. Un rilevante aumento di utilizzazione di ammonio e indotto dall'aggiunta di potassio o detergenti cationici (polimixine B, cloruro di benzalkonio), ma non dall'aggiunta di un detergente anionico.
Determinants of the Amount and Type of Corruption in State Fiscal Bureaucracies An Analysis of Late Imperial China

A principal-agent model of relations between rulers and state officials is used to derive several propositions concerning the amount and type of corruption in state bureaucracies. The model is appl...
Duration in contest clustering for speech recognition

Abstract Hierarchical clustering techniques have been shown to be a powerful tool in building speaker-independent reference models for Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) based speech recognition systems. In this paper, we introduce a clustering algorithm based on the standard KMEANS procedure that generates reference models for continuous density Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based systems by simultaneously considering spectral and duration information. Improved speech recognition performance using clustering is demonstrated on a digit recognition task using the TI/NBS studio quality connected digit database.
Observation on the elemental abundances of low- energy cosmic rays in July 1964.

Elemental abundances of low energy cosmic rays in July 1964 observed by sounding rocket, noting components
WAVE EQUATION FOR SPIN 0 IN HAMILTONIAN FORM

It is shown that the Hamiltonian form for spin 1 particles also describes spin 0 particles if the 5-dimensional representation of the Duffin-Kemmer algebra is used.
Managerial Bargaining Power in the Determination of Compensation Contracts and Corporate Investment

This paper considers the design of managerial compensation contracts and their impact on corporate investment decisions and the managerial effort decision. The model relates the compensation scheme to outside share ownership and managerial bargaining position. Using the methods of mechanism design under asymmetric information, a shift in favor of effort is documented in the case where managerial bargaining strength is weak, while a shift toward more use of capital investment results from strong managerial bargaining power. The model distinguishes managerial equity holdings from contingent compensation contracts. Our results are related to the empirical literature on pay-performance sensitivities.
Antiviral Responses of Human Fallopian Tube Epithelial Cells to Toll-like Receptor 3 Agonist Poly(I:C)

Objective To examine the expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) by primary human Fallopian tube epithelial cells (FTEC) and to determine whether exposure to the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) induces an antiviral response. Design Tissue culture study. Setting University medical center. Patient(s) Premenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy. Intervention(s) Primary human FTEC were grown to confluence and high transepithelial resistance and treated with TLR agonists. Conditioned media was collected and RNA was extracted and analyzed for the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial genes. Main Outcome Measure(s) The RNA was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and protein levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Result(s) The FTEC were demonstrated to express TLR1-9 but not 10. Treatment of FTEC with TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) resulted in increased expression of interleukin-8, tumor-necrosis factor α, human β-defensin 2, interferon beta, and interferon stimulated genes myxovirus resistance gene 1, 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase, and protein kinase R. Additionally, FTEC exposed to poly(I:C) also resulted in the induction of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR7. Conclusion(s) Our results suggest that FTEC are sensitive to viral infection and/or exposure to viral double-stranded RNA and can respond by secreting proinflammatory cytokines that mediate the initiation of an inflammatory response as well as expressing genes that can directly inhibit viral replication.
Plasma membrane ATPase of sugarbeet

Abstract A membrane fraction enriched with magnesium-dependent ATPase activity was isolated from sugarbeet ( Beta vulgaris L.) taproot by a combination of differential centrifugation, extraction with KI and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. This activity was inhibited by vanadate, N , N′ -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and diethylstilbestrol, but was insensitive to molybdate, azide, oligomycin, ouabain, and nitrate, suggesting enrichment in plasma membrane ATPase. The enzyme was substrate specific for ATP, had a pH optimum of 7.0, but showed little stimulation by 50 mM KCl. The sugarbeet ATPase preparation contained endogenous protein kinase activity which could be reduced by extraction of the membranes with 0.1% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate. Reduction of protein kinase activity allowed the demonstration of a rapidly turning over phosphorylated intermediate on a M r 105000 polypeptide, most likely representing the catalytic subunit of the ATPase. Phosphorylation was magnesium dependent, sensitive to diethylstilbestrol and vanadate but insensitive to oligomycin and azide. Neither the ATPase activity nor phosphoenzyme level were affected by combinations of sodium and potassium in the assay. These results argue against the presence of a synergistically stimulated NaK-ATPase at the plasma membrane of sugarbeet.
BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC OIL DEGRADATION AFTER THE DEEPWATER HORIZON DISASTER LEADS TO FORMATION OF RECALCITRANT OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS: NEW INSIGHTS USING GC×GC

ABSTRACT We found that biodegradation, as well as photooxidation, of Macondo well (MW) oil led to rapid formation of recalcitrant oxygenated hydrocarbons (OxHC) after the Deepwater Horizon disaster. These compounds, which appear to be an abundant product of natural oil degradation, are poorly characterized in terms of molecular composition. We used various bulk and molecular techniques to characterize the OxHC fraction of weathered MW oil. Furthermore, we compared the characteristic disappearance of various petroleum hydrocarbons to gain insights into on-going biotic, as well as abiotic, oil oxygenation processes, that ultimately determine the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment. We found that biodegradation as well as photooxidation was responsible for the observed degradation of alkanes and PAHs in MW oil. Furthermore, we identified labile as well as recalcitrant biomarker compounds; these labile biomarker compounds should be used with caution for oil fingerprinting.
Interrater reliability of the Ruff Figural Fluency Test.

To examine interrater reliability of the Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT), 124 college students completed the RFFT and scored RFFT test protocols. Three questions were examined: (a) What is the relationship between RFFT scores obtained by different raters? (b) Do participants improve in RFFT scoring accuracy with practice?, and (c) Are participants who perform better on the RFFT more accurate raters? Interrater reliabilities for unique designs, design perseverations, and error ratios were .93, .74, and .66, respectively. Participants benefitted from practice on scoring with increased accuracy over five protocols. Finally, results indicated a positive relationship between performance on the RFFT and scoring accuracy.
An Hadamard matrix of order 36

Abstract The Hadamard matrix presented in this paper is probably the only Hadamard matrix which does not appear in the series and possesses a 2-transitive (on rows or columns) automorphism group.
The social contract and the treatment of permanent kidney failure.

MEDICARE, enacted in 1965 to provide health insurance for the elderly, was extended in 1972 to the disabled under 65 years of age. The disability provision, in turn, became the basis for Medicare coverage of those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)—regardless of age—who were "deemed to be disabled." Eligibility for this entitlement requires that an individual be diagnosed as having ESRD and be fully or currently insured under Social Security, or be the spouse or dependent child of an insured individual. An estimated 92% to 93% of the US population is thus covered for ESRD treatment. Congress justified this near-universal, disease-specific entitlement partly in the expectation that it would adopt some form of national health insurance in 1973 or 1974.1 Friedman finds Medicare's ESRD a "splendid model" of health care.2His view of the matter as an international horse race in which "we're No. 1" raises some interesting
The cooperating teacher role

Abstract This article explores the cooperating teacher's role as a central feature of the student teaching experience and as it relates to the cooperating teacher's own career. Cooperating teachers may fashion their own definition of roles because of general or ambiguous descriptions of their responsibilities, and they typically exert considerable influence on the student teaching experience. In addition, serving as a cooperating teacher can be an important element of the career cycle of teachers by giving them opportunities to validate their own expertise, enhance their knowledge of current trends and innovations in curriculum design and teaching, and promote self‐reflection on their work as teachers.
Everything You Wanted to Know about Privacy (But Were Afraid to Ask)

A review of the book, "Privacy: What Developers and IT Professionals Should Know," by J.C. Cannon.
PdaDriver: A Handheld System for Remote Driving

Abstract PdaDriverisaPersonalDigitalAssistant(PDA)system for vehicle teleoperation. It is designed tobeeasy-to-deploy,tominimizetheneedfortraining,andtoenableeﬀectiveremotedrivingthroughmulti-plecontrolmodes.ThispaperpresentsthemotivationforPdaDriver,itscurrentdesign,andrecentoutdoortestswithamobilerobot. Keywords: vehicleteleoperation,remotedriving,per-sonaldigitalassistant,handhelduserinterface 1 Introduction For some remote driving applications, installingcontrol stations with multiple displays and high-bandwidthcommunicationisinfeasibleorprohibitive.For other applications, the vehicle is driven by op-erators for whom extensive training is impractical.In these situations, we need a driving system thatrequires minimal infrastructure and that does nottightlycoupleperformancetooperatorexperience[1].Tosatisfythisneed,wehavedeveloped PdaDriver ,aPersonalDigitalAssistant(PDA)systemforremotedriving. PdaDriver uses multiple control modes tomakevehicleteleoperationfastandeﬃcient. Wede-signed PdaDriver to minimize the need for training,toenablerapidcommandgeneration,andtoimprovesituationalawareness.WeﬁrstdevelopedPdaDriverin2000toteleoper-ate a military training robot[1]. This version ran ona Casio Cassiopeia and used a wired, serial link. In2001, we extended PdaDriver to support “collabora-tivecontrol”,asystemmodelinwhichtherobotasksquestionstothehumantoobtainassistancewithcog-nitivetasks[2]. Weusedthissecondversiontostudycollaborativenavigationandexploration[2,3].During 2002, we modiﬁed PdaDriver to run on aCompaqiPAQPocketPCwithwirelessethernet(Fig-ure 1, left). We did this for several reasons: theiPAQdisplayworkswellindirectsunlight(importantfor ﬁeld use); the ethernet link provides high band-widthandlowlatency;andtheiPAQhasgreaterbat-tery life than the Casio. In addition, we integratedFigure 1:
Trimetallic complexes of the tripod ligand 1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane part I. Homotrimetallic cis,cis,cis and cis,trans,cis complexes of the type [(PtX2-η-tripod)2PtX2] (XCl, I and CH3)

Abstract Complexes of types cis,cis,cis- and cis,trans,cis-[(PtX2-η-tripod)2PtX2] (XCl, I and CH3; tripod=1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane) have been isolated and have been shown by both 31P and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy to possess phosphino-bridged trimetallic structures. The assignment of these structures is established on the basis of 1J(PtP) couplings and the coordination chemical shift, δP, of the dangling phosphino group of the monometallic complexes upon coordination. In both cis, cis, cis and cis, trans, cis geometries, the 31P NMR chemical shift of the chelating phosphorus atoms and the 195Pt NMR chemical shift for the [PtX2(tripod)] complexes remain unperturbed upon coordination of the previously non-coordinated phosphorus. For the monomeric complexes of tripod, trends in the 31P and 195Pt NMR chemical shifts as a function of X parallel those which have previously been reported for analogous complexes which contain monodentate ligands.
Stable nitrogen and carbon pools in grassland soils of variable texture and carbon content

Nitrogen (N) inputs to many terrestrial ecosystems are increasing, and most of these inputs are sequestered in soil organic matter within 1–3 years. Rapid (minutes to days) immobilization focused previous N retention research on actively cycling plant, microbial, and inorganic N pools. However, most ecosystem N resides in soil organic matter that is not rapidly cycled. This large, stable soil N pool may be an important sink for elevated N inputs. In this study, we measured the capacity of grassland soils to retain 15 N in a pool that was not mineralized by microorganisms during 1-year laboratory incubations (called “the stable pool”). We added two levels (2.5 and 5 0gNm 2 )o f 15 NH4 tracer to 60 field plots on coarse- and fine-textured soils along a soil carbon (C) gradient from Texas to Montana, USA. We hypothesized that stable tracer 15 N retention and stable bulk soil (native tracer) N pools would be positively correlated with soil clay and C content and stable soil C pools (C not respired during the incubation). Two growing seasons after the 15 N addition, soils (0- to 20-cm depth) contained 71% and 26% of the tracer added to low- and high-N treatments, respectively. In both N treatments, 50% of the tracer retained in soil was stable. Total soil C (r 2 0.72), stable soil C (r 2 0.68), and soil clay content (r 2 0.27) were correlated with stable bulk soil N pools, but not with stable 15 N retention. We conclude that on annual time scales, substantial quantities of N are incorporated into stable organic pools that are not readily susceptible to microbial remineralization or subsequent plant uptake, leaching losses, or gaseous losses. Stable N formation may be an important pathway by which rapid soil N immobilization translates into long-term N retention.
PS1-39: Health Care Utilization for Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders in Five Large Health Systems

Background/AimsApproximately 1 in 88 children in the U.S. is diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ASD is a complex disorder characterized by impairment in social skills, communication, and cognitive and behavioral functioning. Several studies have indicated that children with ASD use a different pattern of health services than typically developing children. However, most previous studies have included small samples, or only included one health system. The purpose of this analysis is to examine patterns of health service use in a large group of geographically- and racially/ethnically-diverse children with ASD enrolled in the Mental Health Research Network (MHRN) Autism Registry.MethodsData from 2009 and 2010 from the virtual data warehouse (VDW) of 5 health plans was used to collect comprehensive information on patterns of health services for children with ASD and a comparison group of children without ASD. Comparisons of the patterns of service use in the two groups were conducted. Two part models of service use were used. In the first stage, logistic regression was used to examine the likelihood of any use of services. In the second stage, negative binomial regression was used to examine the level of use services.ResultsThe study includes 8,363 children with ASD and 83,575 comparison children, making it the largest study of patterns of ASD service use to date. Preliminary results indicate that children with ASD were significantly more likely to use most types of services including speech therapy (OR 12.2; 95% CI 10.9–13.9), mental health (OR 8.9; 95% CI 8.4–9.5), and neurology (OR 8.3; 95% CI 7.6–9.1). In contrast, they were significantly less likely to use some services including vaccinations (OR .80; 95% CI .75–.85).ConclusionsChildren with ASD have significant physical and mental health needs related to their condition and these are reflected in increased use of services in many categories. However, in some cases children with ASD receive fewer important health care services, notably vaccinations. Better understanding of the needs of children with ASD, family beliefs and preferences, and systematic coordination of care for these children could aid in helping families to use health care services most effectively.
Addressing Data Reuse Issues at the Protocol Level

We propose a novel way of managing how data on the Web is used with an infrastructure that enables accountability on the Web at the protocol level. We propose a protocol, HTTPA (Accountable Hyper Text Transfer Protocol), which requires that the data producer and the data consumer come to an agreement before an HTTP transaction takes place. This process makes both parties accountable for the agreement they had entered into, especially when reusing the data that was transferred. In HTTPA, the data consumer expresses her intentions of access and usage, and the data producer expresses her usage restrictions. The data transfer only happens when the intentions match the restrictions and the transfer along with the agreement is logged. This protocol cannot prevent the unauthorized reuse of data, but rather it can be used to develop accountability mechanisms that will identify violators allowing them to be held accountable for data they inappropriately consumed and served.
Novel mechanisms of Escherichia coli succinyl-coenzyme A synthetase regulation.

Low concentrations of ADP are shown to increase the rate of phosphoenzyme formation of E. coli succinyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase (SCS) without altering the fraction of phosphorylated enzyme. This is true when either ATP or succinyl-CoA and Pi are used to phosphorylate the enzyme. The stimulatory effect of ADP is not altered by sample dilution, is retained upon partial purification of the enzyme, and reflects the binding of ADP to a site other than the catalytic site. GDP also alters the phosphorylation of the E. coli SCS but does so primarily by enhancing the level of the phosphoenzyme and only when ATP is used as the phosphate donor. GDP appears to function by neutralizing the action of a specific inhibitory protein. This inhibitor of SCS allows for interconversion of succinate and succinyl-CoA in a manner dissociated from changes in ATP-ADP metabolism. These previously unidentified and varied mechanisms by which SCS is regulated focus attention on this enzyme as an important control point in determining the cell9s potential to meet its metabolic demands.
Biomechanical evaluation of the pathophysiologic developmental mechanisms of mitral valve prolapse: effect of valvular morphologic alteration

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) refers to an excessive billowing of the mitral valve (MV) leaflets across the mitral annular plane into the left atrium during the systolic portion of the cardiac cycle. The underlying mechanisms for the development of MVP and mitral regurgitation in association with MV tissue remodeling are still unclear. We performed computational MV simulations to investigate the pathophysiologic developmental mechanisms of MVP. A parametric MV geometry model was utilized for this study. Posterior leaflet enlargement and posterior chordal elongation models were created by adjusting the geometry of the posterior leaflet and chordae, respectively. Dynamic finite element simulations of MV function were performed over the complete cardiac cycle. Computational simulations demonstrated that enlarging posterior leaflet area increased large stress concentration in the posterior leaflets and chordae, and posterior chordal elongation decreased leaflet coaptation. When MVP was accompanied by both posterior leaflet enlargement and chordal elongation simultaneously, the posterior leaflet was exposed to extremely large prolapse with a substantial lack of leaflet coaptation. These data indicate that MVP development is closely related to tissue alterations of the leaflets and chordae. This biomechanical evaluation strategy can help us better understand the pathophysiologic developmental mechanisms of MVP.
NETwork for Excellent Teaching: A Case Study in University Instructional Development.

Establishing a creditable instructional development program on a university campus is a challenging assignment. Analyzing the situation from a performance technology perspective and using established principles of change agentry can help. The NETwork for Excellent Teaching program is an example of how results can be achieved relatively quickly and with limited re sources. Careful program design reduces some of the standard obstacles. Benefits include enhanced student learning, expanded faculty skills, and greater visibility and status for highquality instruction. This article describes features of the program and critical success factors for initiating and implementing similar programs.
Instructional Demand and Anxiety Level Effects on Speech Anxiety

The effects of instructional expectancy (fear testing in a clinic versus simulated effects of relaxation therapy in a clinic) on behavioral, physiological, and self-report indices of speech anxiety were tested for three levels of speech-anxious subjects. Sixty-five subjects (32 male, 33 female) who reported being "speech anxious" completed a preliminary test battery and were assigned to anxiety levels (high, medium, or low) according to their scores. Within sex and anxiety level, subjects were randomly assigned to one of the instructional demand conditions. During a second experimental session two weeks later, each subject received the appropriate demand instructions, completed a subjective report of anxiety, and performed a four-minute speech in front of four raters. The results indicated that the low-anxiety subjects exhibited more anxiety under the simulate therapy instructions than did low-anxiety subjects in the fear assessment condition or medium-anxiety subjects in the simulate therapy condition. S...
Chemical Modification of siRNAs for In Vivo Use

Well over a hundred reports have been published describing use of synthetic small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in animals. The majority of these reports employed unmodified RNA duplexes. While unmodified RNA is the natural effector molecule of RNA interference, certain problems arise with experimental or therapeutic use of RNA duplexes in vivo, some of which can be improved or solved through use of chemical modifications. Judicious use of chemical modifications can improve the nuclease stability of an RNA duplex, decrease the likelihood of triggering an innate immune response, lower the incidence of off-target effects (OTEs), and improve pharmacodynamics. This review will examine studies that document the utility of various chemical modifications for use in siRNAs, both in vitro and in vivo, with close attention given to reports demonstrating actual performance in animal model systems.
Sophistication‐Related Differences in Investors' Models of the Relative Accuracy of Analysts' Forecast Revisions

The accuracy of sell‐side analysts' forecast revisions is related to a number of factors, including characteristics of the analyst and the age of the forecast. In this study we examine whether there are differences in how sophisticated and unsophisticated investors use these factors to predict the relative accuracy of forecast revisions. We adapt the lens model methodological approach from the judgment and decision‐making literature to investigate these differences in an archival setting. Our results suggest that sophisticated investors have greater knowledge overall about the relation of the factors to forecast accuracy. Further, our evidence is consistent with sophisticated investors relying more on the specific factors that provide the most benefits (relative to their costs) for predicting relative forecast accuracy.
Reconstitution and mechanism of the stimulation of de novo methylation by human DNMT3L.

The DNMT3-like protein, DNMT3L, is required for germ line DNA methylation, although it is inactive as a DNA methyltransferase per se. Previous studies have shown that DNMT3L physically associates with the active de novo DNA methyltransferases, DNMT3A and DNMT3B, and stimulates their catalytic activities in a cell culture system. However, the mechanism by which DNMT3L stimulates de novo methylation remains unclear. Here, we have purified the full-length human DNMT3A2 and DNMT3L proteins and determined unique conditions that allow for the proper reconstitution of the stimulation of DNMT3A2 de novo methyltransferase activity by DNMT3L. These conditions include the use of buffers resembling physiological conditions and the preincubation of the two proteins. Under these conditions, maximal stimulation is reached at equimolar amounts of DNMT3L and DNMT3A2 proteins, and the catalytic efficiency of DNMT3A2 is increased up to 20-fold. Biochemical analysis revealed that whereas DNMT3L on its own does not significantly bind to the
A FOLLOW-UP OF THE MATURE DRIVER STUDY: ANOTHER LOOK AT AGE AND SEX EFFECTS

In 1989 we assessed the sensory, cognitive, psychomotor, and physical functioning of 104 Houston drivers aged 40 to 92, as well as their driving habits and problems including accidents and citations. We found age-related changes in functional status and in driving patterns, but we found no age-related tendency to experience more driving problems. In 1990, 95 of the participants completed a 15 month follow-up survey in which we collected data related to accidents, traffic citations, and changes in driving patterns. Those participants who had had the poorest sensory functioning and who were smaller or weaker in 1989 were most likely to report that they had reduced driving or changed their driving habits in the 15 months following the study.Age and accident rates (per mile driven) were not correlated. In the followup period, however, older drivers' citation rates were significantly lower than younger drivers'. The data were analyzed separately for males and females. We found that performance on several of th...
Deterministic - Stochastic Subspace Identification for Bridges

System identification for structural engineering has received significant attention in the last thirty years. With the ever increasing capacity of computing technology, system identification has been applied to important structures such as bridges and aircraft. In the case of bridges, the output can easily be measured by accelerometers. Considerable research in system identification on bridges has been done using output-only models. Of course, it is difficult to measure the inputs on an in-service bridge. In this paper, we see how the inputs can be estimated from the output measurements. We then use an input-output model to develop an improved system identification technique for identifying bridges. We show that the proposed method using the estimated inputs yields superior identification in a simulated case (i.e., where everything is controlled). We then use the method on the in-service Walnut Creek Bridge located on the north-bound lanes of U.S. Interstate I-35 between Dallas, TX and Oklahoma City, OK.
Photoemission studies of the initial adsorption and growth of Ag on Ge(111)

We present electron diffraction, and high-resolution angle-resolved and angle-integrated photoemission studies of the initial phases of adsorption and growth of Ag on Ge(111). The results provide information on the structural properties of the Ge(111)-c(2 x 8) substrate surface, show Ag grows upon its almost laminarly at room temperature, and unambiguously demonstrate the presence of a small amount of Ge segregating on top of the growing Ag overlayer. The origins and behavior of these segregated atoms are discussed. Ag films more than a few monolayers thick exhibit quantum well states which are observed to evolve as a function of film thickness.