cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scaled P300 Scalp Distribution Correlates of Verbal Deception in an Autobiographical Oddball Paradigm: Control for Task Demand

Abstract Subjects participated in two trial blocks of an autobiographical oddball paradigm. In the first block, 14% of the stimuli were the subject's phone number, 86% were other, meaningless numbe...
Development of a parallel storm surge model

A new parallel storm surge model, the Parallel Environmental Model (PEM), is developed and tested by comparisons with analytic solutions. The PEM is a 2-D vertically averaged, wetting and drying numerical model and can be operated in explicit, semi-implicit and fully implicit modes. In the implicit mode, the propagation, Coriolis and bottom friction terms can all be treated implicitly. The advection and diffusion terms are solved with a parallel Eulerian–Lagrangian scheme developed for this study. The model is developed specifically for use on parallel computer systems and will function accordingly in either explicit of implicit modes. Storm boundary conditions are based on a simple exponential decay of pressure from the centre of a storm. The simulated flooding caused by a major Category 5 hurricane making landfall in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida is then presented as an example application of the PEM. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of polymer–salt–solvent interactions in the electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile/iron acetylacetonate

Electrospinning is a process of producing ultrafine fibers by overcoming the surface tension of a polymer solution with electrostatic force. In this study, iron acetylacetonate was added to a polyacrylonitrile solution, and the role of polymer–salt–solvent interactions in the electrospinning of the ultrafine fibers was investigated. The polymer–salt–solvent interactions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; and the solution viscosity, conductivity and surface tension were measured in solutions with different salt concentrations. The formation of polymer–salt–solvent interactions increased the solution viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension values at low salt concentrations. At high concentrations, the solution viscosity and surface tension decreased, but the conductivity remained relatively constant. The polymer–salt–solvent interactions influenced the structures of the electrospun fibers by changing the balance among the solution viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Uncertainty, organizational form, and x-efficiency

Abstract When the firm is uncertain about the efficiency units of labor that it employs, some organizational forms—franchise, owner-operated, and multiplant firms— may be more profitable than others. As a result, particular organizational forms may dominate an industry with uncertain inputs. Conversely, various organizational forms may be selected by a company selecting producing units that will maximize the decision maker's expected utility of profits. This paper offers an alternative view of firm attributes associated with x-efficiency.
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of potential anticancer agents: alkylcarbamates of 3-(9-acridinylamino)-5-hydroxymethylaniline.

A series of potential 9-anilinoacridine antitumor agents, 3-(9-acridinylamino)-5-hydroxymethylaniline (AHMA) derivatives with monosubstituent at C4‘ and disubstituents at C4‘ and C5‘ of the acridine ring and their alkylcarbamates, were synthesized for evaluation of their antitumor activity. A structure−activity relationship (SAR) study showed that the AHMA-alkylcarbamates were more potent than their corresponding parent AHMA compounds. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the AHMA-alkylcarbamate decreased with increasing length and size of the alkyl function. Among these compounds, AHMA-ethylcarbamate (18) and 4‘-methyl-5‘-dimethylaminoethylcarboxamido-AHMA-ethylcarbamate (34) possess potent cytotoxicity on the inhibition of human leukemic HL-60 cell growth in culture. Further in vivo studies of these compounds displayed significant anticancer therapeutic effects in mice bearing sarcoma 180, Lewis lung carcinoma, and P388 leukemia.
Observations on the M-wave and the CNV in the squirrel monkey

A typical CNV paradigm, with food as reward, evokes in the squirrel monkey's post-arcuate and post-central cortices both M-waves in response to the cues and what appears to be a CNV in the interstimulus interval. Both wave forms appear to be generated locally in cortex and to be more closely related temporally to the cues than to the animal's behavioral response. The CNV, like the M-wave, appears to reflect the animal's level of interest in obtaining the reward. It is smaller when the animal misses the cues than when he responds correctly. It decreases as food pellets are consumed. It varies with the level of interest of the animal in a particular type of food pellet, as judged from the animal's behavior. At some recording sites in some animals it appears to reflect both interest in the reward and interest in manipulating the environment to obtain the reward. It can be maintained for at least 2 sec, but differs from the human CNV in that, with the paradigm used, it is not well resolved by the imperative cue. Averaging evoked activity with the animal's motor response as reference point reveals another negative wave form which just precedes the motor response.
Charge diffusion in the field-free region of charge-coupled devices

The potential well in back-illuminated charge-coupled devices CCDs does not reach all the way to the back surface. Hence, light that is absorbed in the field-free region generates electrons that can diffuse into neighboring pixels and thus decreases the spatial resolution of the sensor. We present data for the charge diffusion from a near point source by measuring the response of a back-illuminated CCD to light emitted from a submicron diameter glass fiber tip. The diffusion of elec- trons into neighboring pixels is analyzed for different wavelengths of light ranging from 430 to 780 nm. To find out how the charge spreading into other pixels depends on the location of the light spot; the fiber tip could be moved with a piezoelectric translation stage. The experimental data are compared to Monte Carlo simulations and an analytical model of electron diffusion in the field-free region. The presented analysis can be used to predict the charge diffusion in other back-illuminated sensors, and the experiment is universally applicable to measure any type of sensors. © 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. DOI: 10.1117/1.3386514
Subprime Mortgages, Market Impact, and Safety Nets

The US financial system is undergoing a painful restructuring as credit losses originating in the mortgage finance sector of the economy grow ever larger. A combination of factors including general prosperity, demographic shifts in demand for housing, low interest rates, innovations in mortgage lending and securitization, and a breakdown in credit quality control systems all contributed to this problem. Public policymakers and industry leaders are struggling to find ways to stem the credit losses, restructure and recapitalize the financial industry, and set the economy on a path to recovery. This paper reviews the origins of this problem, explains the events that precipitated the crisis in 2007, and analyzes the pros and cons of the "fixes" that have been proposed to address these problems.
Simultaneous Intrathecal Opioid Pump and Spinal Cord Stimulation for Pain Management: Analysis of 11 Patients With Failed Back Surgery Syndrome

Dual-modality management of failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) using a combination of an intrathecal opioid pump (IOP) and spinal cord stimulator (SCS) has not been investigated. The authors performed a retrospective review of 11 patients (8 men, 3 women) with FBSS who underwent nonsimultaneous surgical implantation of both an IOP and a thoracic SCS. Chart review and structured phone interviews were performed to obtain follow-up. Of the two modalities, 3 patients (27%) had an IOP placed first and 8 patients (73%) had a SCS implanted initially. Mean follow-up was 41.7 months (3-97 months). All 11 patients (100%) stated that the dual-modality treatment improved their quality of life and all continue to use both an IOP and SCS for pain control. Six patients (55%) felt that the IOP provided superior pain relief as compared to the SCS, 4 patients (36%) felt that IOP and SCS provided a similar degree of pain relief, and 1 patient (9%) said the SCS provided better pain relief than the IOP. Nine patients (82%) claimed that dual-modality treatment improved their activities of daily living. Nine patients (82%) reported that the combination of IOP and SCS treatment had allowed them to significantly decrease their oral pain medication requirements. Seven patients (64%) had hardware-related complications which required surgery; of this group, 2 patients (18%) needed more than one operation. Six patients (55%) had minor postoperative complications, which were managed nonoperatively. Overall, 10 patients (91%) were glad that they had implantation of both an IOP and SCS and would recommend this combined therapy to other patients. Dual neuroaugmentative treatment with an IOP and thoracic SCS can be safely performed and may provide satisfactory pain relief in appropriately selected patients with FBSS.
Quantitative eye tracking tests in lead workers

A microcomputer system for on-lone analysis of saccadic and smooth-pursuit tracking eye movements is described. Results from a longitudinal study of lead workers and matched controls reveal a consistent decrease in saccade accuracy in the lead workers compared to the controls. Saccade peak velocity and latency and smooth pursuit were not significantly different in the two groups. The abnormal saccade accuracy measurements may indicate a subclinical effect of increased lead absorption, but because of the large scatter in normal values, saccade accuracy measurements are not a reliable indicator of early lead toxicity in a single lead worker.
Seven Models of Framing: Implications for Public Relations

Framing is a potentially useful paradigm for examining the strategic creation of public relations messages and audience responses. Based on a literature review across disciplines, this article identifies 7 distinct types of framing applicable to public relations. These involve the framing of situations, attributes, choices, actions, issues, responsibility, and news. Potential applications for public relations practice and research are discussed.
Radiative kaon capture and hyperon weak radiative decay

Abstract Branching ratios for radiative kaon capture at rest on both the proton and deuteron are being measured at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Experiment 811. Branching ratios for the weak radiative decays of the Σ + and Λ are being measured as well. A new NaI(T1) detector was developed for the radiative capture experiments which has achieved resolution of 1.5% FWHM at 129 MeV. Preliminary results on the radiative capture reactions ϱ ( K − , γ ) Λ or Σ o are presented, as well as a progress report on the other reactions.
Nature Usually Favors Females

This issue of the Journal treats us to articles from 2 large multicenter studies of vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The studies are complementary and have largely similar findings, although the European study [ 1 ], with 1787 mother-infant pairs of HCV-positive mothers from 33 centers in 7 countries, dwarfs the American one [2], which included 244 motherinfant pairs from 2 centers. Overall, the estimated frequencies of HCV transmission were 6.20Zo (950Zo confidence interval [CI], 5.007o-7.50Zo) in the European study and 3.607o (950Zo CI, 1.307o-6.007o) in the American study. Both studies found an increased risk of transmission from moth-
THE DIVIDED WORLD OF THE CHILD: DIVORCE AND LONG‐TERM PSYCHOSOCIAL ADJUSTMENT

This study evaluated the extent to which divorce creates the “divided world of the child,” as well as consequences of this “divided world” for long-term adjustment. An ethnically diverse sample of 1,375 young-adult university students completed retrospective measures of parental nurturance and involvement, and current measures of psychosocial adjustment and troubled ruminations about parents. Results indicated that reports of maternal and paternal nurturance and involvement were closely related in intact families but uncorrelated in divorced families. Across family forms, the total amount of nurturance or involvement received was positively associated with self-esteem, purpose in life, life satisfaction, friendship quality and satisfaction, and academic performance; and negatively related to distress, romantic relationship problems, and troubled ruminations about parents. Mother-father differences in nurturance and involvement showed a largely opposite set of relationships. Implications for family court practices are discussed. fcre_1326 516..527
Semantic Representation and Naming in Children With Specific Language Impairment

When 16 children with SLI (mean age=6;2) and 16 normally developing age-mates named age-appropriate objects, the SLI cohort made more naming errors. For both cohorts, semantic misnaming and indeter...
Modular ontology techniques and their applications in the biomedical domain

In the past several years, various ontologies and terminologies such as the Gene Ontology have been developed to enable interoperability across multiple diverse medical information systems. They provide a standard way of representing terms and concepts thereby supporting easy transmission and interpretation of data for various applications. However, with their growing utilization, not only has the number of available ontologies increased considerably, but they are also becoming larger and more complex to manage. Toward this end, a growing body of work is emerging in the area of modular ontologies where the emphasis is on either extracting and managing “modules” of an ontology relevant to a particular application scenario (ontology decomposition) or developing them independently and integrating into a larger ontology (ontology composition). In this paper, we investigate state-of-the-art approaches in modular ontologies focusing on techniques that are based on rigorous logical formalisms as well as well-studied graph theories. We analyze and compare how such approaches can be leveraged in developing tools and applications in the biomedical domain. We conclude by highlighting some of the limitations of the modular ontology formalisms and put forward additional requirements to steer their future development.
Complex Refractive Indices of Crystalline Hydrazine from Aerosol Extinction Spectra

Abstract Reported here is the first experimental measurement of the frequency dependent refractive index of crystalline hydrazine. The method used in this study is based on the measurement of the infrared spectrum of laboratory generated aerosols. The optical constants determined here should be directly useful in remote sensing and radiative transfer models of the jovian atmosphere.
Satellite Monitoring of Vegetation Phenology and Fire Fuel Conditions in Hawaiian Drylands

Abstract Grass-fueled fires accelerate grassland expansion into dry Hawaiian woodlands by destroying native forests and by producing a disturbance regime that favors grass-dominated plant communities. Knowledge of grassland phenology is a key component of ecosystem assessments and fire management in Hawaii, but diverse topographic relief and poor field-sampling capabilities make ground studies impractical. Remote sensing offers the best approach for large-scale, spatially contiguous measurements of dryland vegetation phenology and fire fuel conditions. A 500-m spatial resolution, 8-day temporal resolution Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite time series of photosynthetic vegetation (PV), nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV), and exposed substrate conditions was developed for the island of Hawaii between 2000 and 2004. The results compared favorably with similar measurements of drylands from higher-resolution aircraft data. The satellite time series was compared with availabl...
Complementary and alternative medicine for neurologic disorders

The use of complementary and alternative veterinary medicine in treating neurologic disorders has increased in popularity in response to advances in human alternative and integrative therapies. Neurolocalization of lesions to the brain, spinal cord, and neuromuscular systems is discussed, as well as the diagnostics and therapeutics used to treat such disorders. Emphasis is placed on integrative and alternative treatments for such neurologic diseases as seizures, cerebrovascular accidents, canine cognitive disorder, meningitis, intervertebral disc disease, fibrocartilagenous embolism, degenerative myelopathy, and myopathies. Thorough physical and neurologic examinations, establishment of a correct diagnosis, and integrative therapeutics are aimed at improving the overall quality of life of the veterinary patient.
Estrogen alters the acquisition of seizures kindled by repeated amygdala stimulation or pentylenetetrazol administration in ovariectomized female rats.

Summary: Ovariectomized female rats received estradiol (E2) replacement by means of subcutaneous silastic capsules (10% E2 in cholesterol). E2-replaced rats required fewer daily amygdala stimulations to develop fully kindled seizures as compared with ovariectomized rats implanted with cholesterol-only capsules. Other rats were injected with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), 40 mg/kg i.p., every 48 h. E2-replaced rats showed a progressive increase in convulsive severity from minimal responses after the first injection to tonic convulsions after eight injections. Most rats without E2 replacement failed to progress past clonic convulsive responses after 22 injections. The results support a marked influence of E2 on seizure processes as demonstrated in two different models of seizure acquisition. RESUME Des rates ovariectomisees ont recu de l'estradiol (E2) de remplacement par l'intermediaire de capsules en silastique sous-cutanees (10% d'E2 dans du cholesterol). Chez les rates recevant E2 il fallait moins de stimulations quotidiennes de l'amygdale pour obtenir des crises completes par embrasement que chez des rates ovariectomisees chez qui les capsules implantees contenaient seulement du cholesterol. Chez d'autres rates on a injecte du pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), 40 mg/kg intra-peritoneal toutes les 48 H. Chez les rates recevant E2 on observait une augmentation progressive de la severite des convulsions, allant de reponses minimales apres la premiere injection a des convulsions toniques apres 8 injections. La plupart des rates sans E2 de substitution n'arrivaient pas a depasser des reponses convulsives cloniques apres 22 injections. Ces resultats sont en faveur de l'influence de l'estradiol sur les processus critiques, demontree dans 2 modeles differents d'acquisition des crises. RESUMEN En ratas hembras ovariectomizadas se restituyo el estradiol (E2) mediante capsulas silasticas subcutaneas (10% E2 de coles-terol). Las ratas que tomaban E2 requirieron menos estimulaciones diarias de la aniigdala para desarrollar ataques completamente condicionados (kindled), comparando las con las ratas ovariectomizadas en las que se habian implantado capsulas de colesterol. Otras ratas fueron inyectadas con pentilenetetrazol (PTZ), 40 mg/kg i.p., cada 48 horas. Las ratas que habian to-mado E2 mostraron un incremento progresivo en la severidad convulsiva que oscilo, de minimas respuestas tras la primera in-yeccion, a convulsiones tonicas despues de 8 inyecciones. La mayor parte de las ratas sin E2 no empeoro despues de las respuestas convulsivas tras 22 inyecciones. Estos resultados indican que existe una marcada influencia del estradiol sobre los procesos convulsivos como queda demostrado en dos modelos diferentes de adquisicion de ataques.
Efficient string matching with wildcards and length constraints

This paper defines a challenging problem of pattern matching between a pattern P and a text T, with wildcards and length constraints, and designs an efficient algorithm to return each pattern occurrence in an online manner. In this pattern matching problem, the user can specify the constraints on the number of wildcards between each two consecutive letters of P and the constraints on the length of each matching substring in T. We design a complete algorithm, SAIL that returns each matching substring of P in T as soon as it appears in T in an O(n+klmg) time with an O(lm) space overhead, where n is the length of T, k is the frequency of P's last letter occurring in T, l is the user-specified maximum length for each matching substring, m is the length of P, and g is the maximum difference between the user-specified maximum and minimum numbers of wildcards allowed between two consecutive letters in P.
Is Hope Fragile

The communication of bad news to patients in a sensitive and supportive manner is a challenging part of healthcare practice, in part because of the cultural differences and ethical dilemmas that complicate such discussions. One of the barriers to nurse-patient communication has been the assumption that hope is fragile. Sometimes this assumption is held by nurses, and sometimes it is held by patients or their families. Reasons for confidence in hope are discussed.
A comparison of visual responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus of alert and anaesthetized macaque monkeys

Despite the increasing use of alert animals for studies aimed at understanding visual processing in the cerebral cortex, relatively little attention has been focused on quantifying the response properties of neurons that provide input to the cortex. Here, we examine the response properties of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus in the alert macaque monkey and compare these responses to those in the anaesthetized animal. Compared to the anaesthetized animal, we show that magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the alert animal respond to visual stimuli with significantly higher firing rates. This increase in responsiveness is not accompanied by a change in the shape of neuronal contrast response functions or the strength of centre–surround antagonism; however, it is accompanied by an increased ability of neurons to follow stimuli drifting at higher spatial and temporal frequencies.
Live wires: direct extracellular electron exchange for bioenergy and the bioremediation of energy-related contamination

Microorganisms that can form direct electrical connections with insoluble minerals, electrodes, or other microorganisms can play an important role in some traditional as well as novel bioenergy strategies and can be helpful in the remediation of environmental contamination resulting from the use of more traditional energy sources. The surprising discovery that microorganisms in the genus Geobacter are capable of forming highly conductive networks of filaments that transfer electrons along their length with organic metallic-like conductivity, rather than traditional molecule to molecule electron exchange, provides an explanation for the ability of Geobacter species to grow in subsurface environments with insoluble Fe(III) oxides as the electron acceptor, and effectively remediate groundwater contaminated with hydrocarbon fuels or uranium and similar contaminants associated with the mining and processing of nuclear fuel. A similar organic metallic-like conductivity may be an important mechanism for microorganisms to exchange electrons in syntrophic associations, such as those responsible for the conversion of organic wastes to methane in anaerobic digesters, a proven bioenergy technology. Biofilms with conductivities rivaling those of synthetic polymers help Geobacter species generate the high current densities in microbial fuel cells producing electric current from organic compounds. Electron transfer in the reverse direction, i.e. from electrodes to microbes, is the basis for microbial electrosynthesis, in which microorganisms reduce carbon dioxide to fuels and other useful organic compounds with solar energy in a form of artificial photosynthesis that is more efficient and avoids many of the environmental sustainability concerns associated with biomass-based bioenergy strategies. The ability of Geobacter species to produce highly conductive electronic networks that function in water opens new possibilities in the emerging field of bioelectronics.
Transient reflectivity for anisotropic inhomogeneous media

Wave splitting and invariant imbedding techniques are used to investigate the scattering of transient electromagnetic plane waves normally incident upon a layered half-space of electrically anisotropic material. Such techniques set the problem in a framework that is intuitively appealing and well suited for describing the scattering processes that are taking place. An effective algorithm for the computation of the transient reflected fields is presented.
Hypotheses about the Pathogenesis of Corneal Vascularization

Many factors influence capillary growth and numerous theories have been proposed to account for the formation of new capillaries in different situations (114,649).
The Power of a Sensitivity Analysis and Its Limit

In an experiment, power and sample size calculations anticipate the outcome of a statistical test that will be performed when the experimental data are available for analysis. In parallel, in an observational study, the power of a sensitivity analysis anticipates the outcome of a sensitivity analysis that will be performed when the observational data are available for analysis. In both cases, it is imagined that the data will be generated by a particular model or distribution, and the outcome of the test or sensitivity analysis is anticipated for data from that model. Calculations of this sort guide many of the decisions made in designing a randomized clinical trial, and similar calculations may usefully guide the design of an observational study. In experiments, the power in large samples is used to judge the relative efficiency of competing statistical procedures. In parallel, the power in large samples of a sensitivity analysis is used to judge the ability of design features, such as those in Chapter 5, to distinguish treatment effects from bias due to unmeasured covariates. As the sample size increases, the limit of the power of a sensitivity analysis is a step function with a single step down from power 1 to power 0, where the step occurs at a value Γ of Γ called the design sensitivity. The design sensitivity is a basic tool for comparing alternative designs for an observational study.
The Income Tax versus the Consumption Tax and the Tax Treatment of Human Capital

In two recent articles, I explore the conceptual question of how human capital would be treated under a pure, comprehensive, accrual income tax, pursuing the analogy to accrual treatment of physical and financial capital, which has received much academic attention. My central conclusion is that conventional income tax treatment of human capital -- taxing wages when earned -- is close to the treatment required by a pure consumption tax, whereas accrual income tax treatment would be quite different from that in existing income tax systems. Professor Zelenak's article largely agrees with my central claims. Much of his article is concerned with criticizing me for advocating a consumption tax, which I do not in fact do. Indeed, I castigate the very type of argument he attempts to attribute to me and relies upon in defending his own views. It is also the case that Zelenak's affirmative arguments for the existing hybrid income/consumption tax and his various objections to particular elements of my analysis are largely without foundation.
El Concepto de la Fe Pública y su Posible Análogo en el Sistema Anglosajón

European tradition, fe publica (literal translation “public faith”) is the state’s guaranty of certain facts and of their legal value. Typically, Notaries Public act as the state’s agents to administer fe publica by certifying and registering documents and by carrying out a series of other solemn duties, subject to a code of professional ethics and state discipline for its violation. In such Civil Law systems, Notaries Public constitute an elite corps of lawyers admitted by the state upon special examination, usually by the state supreme court. Documents and facts certified by fe publica enjoy probative value in all legal proceedings. Documents from one Civil Law country move with relative ease to another. International certification of facts becomes a relatively simple matter. Once outside shared tradition of fe publica, however, assimilation of documents and facts from one system to another becomes a tortuous or even impossible process. Frequently, documents or facts from the United States fail before judicial or other authorities in Latin America, because the U.S. system has no means of certifying them by fe publica. This article makes the argument that U.S. lawyers, admitted to practice as officers of their state’s supreme courts and subject to continuing discipline by those courts, in fact approximate Notaries Public in their professional ethics and duties, and administer guaranties analogous to fe publica although that term may be unknown in the U.S. The article has the objective of enabling understanding between the Civil Law and the Common Law traditions, on a point of surpassing importance for international commerce and litigation, specifically to facilitate the certification of documents and facts between the two systems.
Vortex dynamics in the sphere wake

A highly accurate Fourier-Chebyshev spectral collocation method has been used to simulate flow in the wake of a sphere in the Reynolds number range from 350 to 650. Flow visualizations and frequency spectra provide a glimpse of the complex vortex dynamics that are observed in the sphere wake. It is found that in addition to the vortex shedding frequency which corresponds to the shedding of large-scale vortex loops in the wake other lower and higher frequencies are also present and the complex evolution of the vortices in the wake is a result of the non-linear interaction of these frequencies. The response of the sphere wake to flow perturbations is also addressed. Interestingly, it is found that the sphere wake exhibits classic symptoms of the vortex shedding “lock-on” phenomenon which has hitherto been observed mainly in 2-D bluff-body wakes.
Grain Size Measurement and Its Correlation to the Resistivity of Metal ALD Films

ALD deposited metal films are increasingly being employed in the semiconductor industry as CMOS gate electrodes, MIM capacitor electrodes and diffusion barrier layers. Resistivity is a critical property of these films, and is associated with factors such as the bulk resistivity of the metal, the presence of impurity atoms, and the stoichiometry of the film. At thicknesses from 2nm to 50nm electron scattering at the surface and at grain boundaries is especially important, but it has previously been difficult to decouple the grain size factor from these other factors. Grain size and orientation were measured using Scherrer's formula extracted from XRD spectra for thermal ALD TiN, PEALD TiN, ruthenium and three other proprietary metal ALD films. The dependence of grain size on deposition temperature and total film thickness has also been studied, and the resistivity of the films has been modeled using the Fuchs surface scattering model and the Mayades - Shatzkes grain-boundary electron scattering model.
Calibration procedures for planetary measurements with a mm/submm FTS

A millimeter/submillimeter FTS installed at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory is being used to measure the broadband spectrum the Giant Planets. The calibration procedure is described here in detail and some examples are given.
Successful hand transplantation--one year follow-up.

Background On the basis of positive results in studies of the transplantation of pig extremities and the information exchanged at an international symposium on composite-tissue transplantation, we developed a protocol for human hand transplantation. Methods After a comprehensive pretransplantation evaluation and informed-consent process, the left hand of a 58-year-old cadaveric donor, matched for size, sex, and skin tone, was transplanted to a 37-year-old man who had lost his dominant left hand 13 years earlier. Immunosuppression consisted of basiliximab for induction therapy and tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone for maintenance therapy. Results The cold-ischemia time of the donor hand was 310 minutes. There were no intraoperative or early postoperative complications. Moderate acute cellular rejection of the skin of the graft developed 6, 20, and 27 weeks after transplantation. All three episodes resolved completely after treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone and topical tacrolimus...
Effects of Game-Based Learning in an Opensim-Supported Virtual Environment on Mathematical Performance.

ABSTRACTThis experimental study was intended to examine whether the integration of game characteristics in the OpenSimulator-supported virtual reality (VR) learning environment can improve mathematical achievement for elementary school students. In this pre- and posttest experimental comparison study, data were collected from 132 fourth graders through an achievement test. The same math problem-solving tasks were provided to the experimental and control groups in the VR learning setting. Tasks for the experimental group involved the game characteristics of challenges, a storyline, immediate rewards, and the integration of game-play in the learning content. Analysis of covariance with the achievement test results indicated a significant effect of game-based learning (GBL) in the VR environment, in comparison with non-GBL in the VR environment, in promoting math knowledge test performance.
Evaluation of the Addition of an Adjuvant on Foliar Insecticides for the Control of Cranberry Fruitworm and Sparganothis Fruitworm in Cranberry, 2014

The objective of this experiment was to assess the efficacy of insecticides currently labeled for use in cranberry (Altacor, Delegate, Intrepid, Confirm), softer chemistry insecticides labeled on cranberry (Grandevo and Venerate), and an insecticide not currently labeled on cranberry (Exirel) in combination with the adjuvant Bond (spreader/sticker) on first generation CFW and SFW eggs and larvae. This experiment was conducted in a mature cranberry planting on a commercial farm near Warrens, Wisconsin. The trial consisted of 14 main effect treatments arranged in an RCB design with four experimental replicates. Each …
Energy-based path planning for skid-steer vehicles operating in areas with mixed surface types

This paper presents a method of path planning for skid-steer robots using an energy-based heuristic. A kinematic model of skid-steer motion utilizing the instantaneous centers of rotation (ICRs) between the tracks and the ground surface is used to predict vehicle motion. A model of skid-steer robot power usage, which also utilizes ICR estimates for slip velocity calculation, is implemented to generate estimates of energy usage. The kinematic and power use models are fused with a Sampling Based Model Predictive Optimization algorithm to plan energy efficient paths through operational areas with mixed surface types. The results of planning paths through both simulated and real-world environments are presented and show that small increases in distance can result in significant energy savings for skid-steer robots.
The effects of electrical conductivity on in-liquid plasma streamers

Plasma streamers have proven to be an effective tool for a variety of physical and chemically driven applications, such as water decontamination and the treatment of exhaust-gas. This experimental study addressed the effects of in-liquid plasma streamers when induced in liquids of different electrical conductivities. Six water solutions ranging in conductivity from 100 to 1000 μS/cm were examined in which a collection of both schlieren and basic high-speed images were obtained. Schlieren imaging, which takes advantage of perturbations in the refractive index of a transparent media, was able to capture the spatial and temporal behaviors of the plasma streamers, as well as the shock waves generated from the streamers. Basic imaging was used to capture plasma duration and light intensity. These two fast-imaging techniques were able to provide essential data such as growth rate, size, channel duration, and insight to the quenching process. A capacitive discharge circuit was used to deliver the high-voltage pulse, whose characteristics were strongly dependent on the solution being tested. These results have provided a clearer picture of the effects of electrical conductivity on plasma streamers, which can in turn lead to an optimized design for plasma streamer reactors.
Stabilized finite element approximations for the Reissner–Mindlin plate

Based on the Helmholtz decomposition of the transverse shear strain, Brezzi and Fortin in [5] introduced a three-stage algorithm for approximating the Reissner–Mindlin plate model with clamped boundary conditions and established uniform error estimates in the plate thickness. The first- and third-stage involve approximating two simple Poisson equations and the second-stage approximating a perturbed Stokes equation. Instead of using the mixed finite element method which is subject to the inf–sup condition, we consider a stabilized finite element approximation to such perturbed Stokes equations. Optimal error estimates independent of thickness of the plate are obtained for such equations. Then error analysis is established for the whole system.
Supramolecular bidentate phosphine ligand scaffolds from deconstructed Hamilton receptors

There is constant demand for new ligand archictectures on which inorganic and organometallic structures can be leveraged. An important, but often synthetically challenging, class of ligands is bidentate phosphines. Here we report self-assembling, supramolecular bidentate ligand scaffolds based on deconstructed Hamilton receptors with binding affinities up to 800 ± 100 M−1.
Magnetic Quench Antenna for MQXF Quadrupoles

High-field MQXF-series quadrupoles are presently under development by LARP and CERN for the upcoming LHC luminosity upgrade. Quench training and protection studies on MQXF prototypes require a capability to accurately localize quenches and measure their propagation velocity in the magnet coils. The voltage tap technique commonly used for such purposes is not a convenient option for the 4.2-m-long MQXF-A prototype, nor can it be implemented in the production model. We have developed and tested a modular inductive magnetic antenna for quench localization. The base element of our quench antenna is a round-shaped printed circuit board containing two orthogonal pairs of flat coils integrated with low-noise preamplifiers. The elements are aligned axially and spaced equidistantly in 8-element sections using a supporting rod structure. The sections are installed in the warm bore of the magnet, and can be stacked together to adapt for the magnet length. We discuss the design, operational characteristics and preliminary qualification of the antenna. Axial quench localization capability with an accuracy of better than 2 cm has been validated during training test campaign of the MQXF-S1 quadrupole.
A method for monitoring bolt torque in a composite connection using an embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor

This work presents a new method for monitoring the preload torque in a composite bolted connection using an embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor. A unique washer was designed to impose a specified n...
Rayleigh Scattering Spectroscopy

Single-wall carbon nanotubes can be probed optically by elastic lightscattering. This effect forms the basis of a technique, termed Rayleigh scatteringspectroscopy, for the study of individual nanotubes. Spectroscopic information onthe electronic transitions of both semiconducting and metallic nanotubes isobtained by measuring the elastic scattering cross section as a function ofphoton energy. In this contribution, we describe the basic principles of theRayleigh scattering method and its experimental implementation for the rapidand precise measurement of nanotube electronic spectra. The capabilities ofthe technique are illustrated with several examples of its application. Themethod offers a natural approach to investigate polarization effects and thepersistence of the chiral structure of an individual nanotube, as well as a means toprobe nanotube–nanotube interactions. Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy isalso well suited for combination with other experimental techniques for thecharacterization of individual nanotubes. This possibility is illustrated bymeasurements of the Rayleigh spectra of individual nanotubes with chiralindices independently determined by electron-diffraction measurements.
PRPF8 is important for BRCA1-mediated homologous recombination

Disruption of RNA splicing causes genome instability, which could contribute to cancer etiology. Furthermore, RNA splicing is an emerging anti-cancer target. Thus, we have evaluated the influence of the spliceosome factor PRPF8 and the splicing inhibitor Pladienolide B (PlaB) on homologous recombination (HR). We find that PRPF8 depletion and PlaB treatment cause a specific defect in homology-directed repair (HDR), and single strand annealing (SSA), which share end resection as a common intermediate, and BRCA1 as a required factor. Furthermore, PRPF8 depletion and PlaB treatment cause reduced end resection detected as chromatin-bound RPA, BRCA1 foci in response to damage, and histone acetylation marks that are associated with BRCA1-mediated HR. We also identified distinctions between PlaB and PRPF8 depletion, in that PlaB also reduces 53BP1 foci, and BRCA1 expression. Furthermore loss of 53BP1, which rescues SSA in BRCA1 depleted cells, and partially rescues SSA in PRPF8 depleted cells, has no effect on SSA in PlaB treated cells. Finally, while PRPF8 depletion has no obvious effect on the integrity of interchromatin granules, PlaB disrupts these structures. These findings indicate that PRPF8 is important for BRCA1-mediated HR, whereas PlaB also has a more general effect on the DNA damage response and nuclear organization.
Toward a Civilized System of Justice: Reconceptualizing the Response to Sexual Violence in Higher Education

The reporting, investigation, and prevention of sexual violence in settings that are closed off from the greater community and subject to their own laws, rules, norms and biases present special challenges for survivors of sexual violence. This essay builds on our existing scholarship that explores the pervasive problem and exceedingly high incidence of sexual violence perpetrated against women in closed institutional systems like prison, the military, and immigration detention centers. Survivors in these contexts are routinely denied access to justice internally and from the external criminal justice system; they also face major limitations (imposed by both federal law and Supreme Court jurisprudence) surrounding their ability to pursue civil litigation against the institutions for harms they endure. There are important lessons to be learned from comparing these closed systems as relates to the operationalization of sexual violence that is perpetrated within. To this end, this work significantly broadens the conversation and considers whether institutions of higher education — in which sexual violence also occurs at high rates — should be similarly contextualized.
Bias Dependence of Laser Terahertz Emission Nanoscopy

We demonstrate depletion of terahertz emission from semiconductors by applying a DC bias between a substrate and an AFM probe operating in tapping mode. The depletion is strongly dependent on the probe tapping amplitude.
Musical emotion recognition in bimodal patients

Several cues are used to convey musical emotion, the two primary being musical mode and musical tempo. Specifically, major and minor modes are regarded as having positive and negative valence, respectively, and songs at fast tempi (i.e., quarter note = 92-196, Gosselin et al. (2005); quarter note = 80-255, Peretz et al. (1998)) are associated with more positive valence compared to songs at slow tempi (i.e., quarter note = 40-60, Gosselin et al. (2005); quarter note = 20-100, Peretz et al. (1998)). Caldwell et al. (2015) demonstrated that CI users relied on tempo (fast vs. slow) with little regard for mode (major vs. minor) when interpreting musical emotion, a finding consistent with spectral cues being poorly represented in CI users. The current study is an extension of Caldwell et al. (2015) examining how mode and tempo cues impact musical emotion recognition in bimodal listeners. Our primary hypothesis is that, unlike CI only users, bimodal listeners—with access to F0 and fine structure—will utilize both mode and tempo cues in a manner similar to normal-hearing listeners. Our secondary hypothesis is that low-frequency spectral resolution in the contralateral ear (via tuning curves and spectral modulation detection) will be significantly correlated with degree of bimodal benefit for musical emotion perception.
Higher-Order Residual Analysis for Simple Bilinear and Threshold Autoregressive Models with the TR Test

Linear models have traditionally dominated the time series analysis of macroeconomic and financial data. Evidence of nonlinear behavior in the dynamic behavior of such data would imply that the conventional linear models are misspecified. As a result of such model misspecification, appropriately specified nonlinear forecasts would generally be superior to the optimal linear forecast.
Black Hairy Tongue

Black Hairy Tongue A 55-year-old woman started treatment with meropenem and minocycline for a polymicrobial infection. Within 1 week, she had tongue discoloration that was consistent with black hairy tongue.
Monitoring tropical forest degradation using spectral unmixing and Landsat time series analysis

Abstract Tropical forest loss currently contributes 5 to 15% of anthropogenic carbon emissions to the atmosphere. The large uncertainty in emissions estimates is a consequence of many factors, including differences in definitions of forests and degradation, as well as estimation methodologies. However, a primary factor driving uncertainty is an inability to properly account for forest degradation. While remote sensing offers the only practical way of monitoring forest disturbances over large areas, and despite recent improvements in data quality and quantity and processing techniques, remote sensing approaches are still limited in their ability to detect forest degradation. In this paper, a system is presented that uses time series of Landsat data and spectral mixture analysis to detect both degradation and deforestation in forested landscapes. The Landsat data are transformed into spectral endmember fractions and are used to calculate the Normalized Degradation Fraction Index (NDFI; Souza et al., 2005). The spectrally unmixed data are used for disturbance monitoring and land cover classification via time series analysis. To assess the performance of the system, maps of deforestation and degradation were used to stratify the study area for collection of sample data to which unbiased estimators were applied to produce accuracy and area estimates of degradation and deforestation from 1990 to 2013. The approach extends previous research in spectral mixture analysis for identifying forest degradation to the temporal domain. The method was applied using the Google Earth Engine and tested in the Brazilian State of Rondonia. Degradation and deforestation were mapped with 88.0% and 93.3% User's Accuracy, and 68.1% and 85.3% Producer's Accuracy. Area estimates of degradation and deforestation were produced with margins of error of 13.9% and 5.3%, respectively, over the 24 year time period. These results indicate that for Rondonia a decreasing trend in deforestation after 2004 corresponds to an increase in degradation during the same time period.