cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Electrocardiogram in Tricuspid Atresia and Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum

Electrocardiograms were studied in 37 patients with tricuspid atresia and in 20 with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum. The results were correlated with angiocardiographic findings and postmortem examinations. Differential features were as follows: 1. Biatrial hypertrophy with characteristic P "tricuspidale" was noted in 81% of the electrocardiograms in patients with tricuspid atresia, whereas this pattern was seen in only two infants with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum. 2. In tricuspid atresia, left axis deviation was usually directed posteriorly; however, anmal or right axis deviation was present in seven cases, six of whom were type 2C and the seventh, type 1A. In every case the horizontal QRS axis was oriented posteriorly. By contrast, in patients with pulmonary atresia there were no instances of left axis deviation in the frontal plane. Normal frontal plane axis was present in 12 patients, all of whom were type I; right axis deviation was evident in eight patients inclu...
Normal incidence infrared absorption in AlAs/AlGaAs x‐valley multiquantum wells

We report the first observation of normal incidence infrared absorption due to interconduction subband transitions in AlAs/AlGaAs x‐valley multiquantum wells. Infrared absorption measurements were performed on samples grown on [111], [113], [115], and [001] substrates with normal incidence radiation at wavelengths of 5–20 μm. Two absorption peaks were observed in the [113] and [115] multiquantum wells with well widths of 40 A and sheet doping concentrations of 1012 cm−2. One peak, due to transitions between the ground state and the continuum band occurred at 7.1 μm; a second peak originating from interconduction subband transitions between the ground state and the first excited state occurred at 17 μm. The experimental results indicate the potential of these novel structures for use as normal incidence infrared photodetectors.
Transform coding of color images with limited palette size

An approach for the compression of color images with limited palette size that does not require color quantization of the decoded image is presented. The technique restricts the pixels of the decoded image to take values only in the original palette. Thus, the decoded image can be readily displayed without having to be quantized. Results obtained with a typical image are included to compare a conventional coding scheme to the proposed one. For comparable quality and bit rates, the proposed technique significantly reduces the decoder computational complexity. >
Spatially Distributed Sheet, Rill, and Ephemeral Gully Erosion

AbstractEphemeral gully erosion seriously degrades agricultural soils, but few conservation planning tools adequately account for this form of erosion. To address this deficiency, this paper describes a spatially distributed adaptation of version 2 of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and a new ephemeral gully erosion estimator. The modeled results were compared to runoff and sediment yield measured from 1975 to 1991 on a 6.3-ha instrumented watershed near Treynor, Iowa, managed with conventional tillage corn and containing a grassed waterway. Using a 3-m rectangular grid, this investigation determined surface drainage patterns and delineated concentrated flow channels where contributing areas exceeded 600 m2. Computed gully evolution based on soil properties, runoff, and sediment transport contributed approximately one-fourth of the total erosion, with the rest contributed by sheet and rill erosion. More than half of the eroded sediment was deposited within the grassed waterway. Without local cal...
Damage and Failures of CGA/BGA Assemblies Under Thermal Cycling and Dynamic Loadings

Commercial-off-the-shelf column/ball grid array packaging (COTS CGA/BGA) technologies in high-reliability versions are now being considered for use in high-reliability electronic systems. For space applications, these packages are prone to early failure due to the severe thermal cycling in ground testing and during flight, mechanical shock and vibration of launch, as well as other less severe conditions, such as mechanical loading during descent, rough terrain mobility, handling, and ground tests. As the density of these packages increases and the size of solder interconnections decreases, susceptibility to thermal, mechanical loading and cycling fatigue grows even more.This paper reviews technology as well as thermo-mechanical reliability of field programmable gate array (FPGA) IC packaging developed to meet demands of high processing powers. The FPGAs that generally come in CGA/PBGA packages now have more than thousands of solder balls/columns under the package area. These packages need not only to be correctly joined onto printed circuit board (PCB) for interfacing; they also should show adequate system reliability for meeting thermo-mechanical requirements of the electronics hardware application. Such reliability test data are rare or none for harsher environmental applications, especially for CGAs having more than a thousand of columns.The paper also presents significant test data gathered under thermal cycling and drop testing for high I/O PBGA/CGA packages assembled onto PCBs. Damage and failures of these assemblies after environmental exposures are presented in detail. Understanding the key design parameters and failure mechanisms under thermal and mechanical conditions is critical to developing an approach that will minimize future failures and will enable low-risk insertion of these advanced electronic packages with high processing power and in-field re-programming capability.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
An Interactive Test of Color and Contour Perception by Artists and Non-Artists

The author explores Richard Latto’s proposition that art communicates effectively because artists manipulate basic features of form that the human perceptual system has evolved to detect. She offers an empirical test of the correlated proposition—that viewers of art use these same features to assess art. The author presents the results of an experiment in which both artists and non-artists were asked to discern and draw shapes in patterns defined by iterating dots. She finds that both groups used color in the case of positive shape and form edge in the case of negative space, thereby confirming that both makers and viewers of art focus on the same kinds of features to recognize and assess form.
Socio-Political Bases of Senior Citizen Mobilization: Salient Issues Beyond Health Policy

The analyses deal with four areas of issue salience that were designated by the elderly. Health issues and in-home services spell this out. Beliefs regarding the areas of salience appeared to be constrained rather than fragmented. And social characteristics of the respondents did not engender cleavages in the four areas of issue salience. Implications of this research are briefly noted.
Relationship of anxiety and depression to age and sex in an acute psychiatric population.

Summary.-This study was designed to assess the relationship of anxiety and depression to age and sex for an acute psychiatric inpatient population. The measures used were the Depression scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Taylor Scale of Manifest Anxiety. Eight age-sex subgroups of 50 subjects each were formed. Subgroup means decreased significantly with increasing age on the Taylor scale but not on the Depression scale. Women showed significantly higher scores than men on both scales, but the differences were significant only for the youngest age range. Men showed a significant increase in depression scale scores with age; women did not. The correlation between the two scales was .55 for women and .53 for men. The relationships of anxiety and depression to age and sex in this psychiatric population are quite similar to those found in many communiry survey studies. The distributions are simply shifted upward. Anxiety and depression are the affective states most frequently associated with emotional dysfunction leading to hospitalization. There is limited information, however, concerning the relationships between the levels of either anxiety or depression to age or sex in an acute psychiatric inpatient population. While there have been a number of community survey studies of the epidemiology of depression (24), few comparable data are available concerning anxiety. Lader and Marks (19) found that, in general practice in England, twothirds of the patients with anxiety states were women. Reviewing a number of studies, they reported a mean age of onset in the mid-twenties. Community survey studies of depression, using varied assessment techniques, have consistently shown elevated levels of depression in women (17, 19, 28). The. relationship between depression levels and age is less clear. Gaitz (lo), using scales derived from the Twenty-two Item Screening Scale, found a consistent and statistically significant increase in depression symptoms with age. Anxiety and somatic symptoms did not increase with age. Blumenthal (2), however, using the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale found little relationship between over-all scale scores and age. No relationship was found between the Depressed Mood scale and age. Comstock and Helsing (6) reported a decrease in depressive symptoms with age. Weissman and Myers (28), without statistical evaluation, reported that levels of depression increased in men and decreased in women as a function of age.
Restoring Permeability Barrier Function to Outer Membrane

A recent issue of Cell published two papers resulting from the collaboration between the Kahne and Silhavy laboratories [1, 2]. These studies, possibly initiated as an effort to identify the target of action of vancomycin with lipophilic substitutions, resulted in the discovery of a protein complex involved in the assembly of outer membrane proteins.
A Mobile Landing Platform for Miniature Vertical Take-Off and Landing Vehicles

Miniature Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) vehicles have limited range of operations mainly due to their limited payload capacities and power availability. To increase this range, a modified unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) is used to transport the VTOL to its target area serving as an on-site take-off/landing and possibly refueling base. A gimbaled landing platform design is proposed and the necessary equations are derived to level the platform despite of the pose (roll, pitch, yaw) of the UGV. To increase UGV endurance, a solar array is used and solar tracking capabilities for performance maximization are examined. Simulations are carried out to check the validity of the design. The case of an ATRV-Jr as the UGV base and a Raptor 90SE as the VTOL is investigated, but the design is generic enough and suitable for other UGV/VTOL vehicles.
Memory-based robust adaptive control of a variable length stepping nanomanipulator

This paper presents the modeling and memory-based robust adaptive control of a variable length stepping nanomanipulator. A three degree of freedom (3DOF) nanomanipulator with revolute revolute prismatic (RRP) actuator structure, namely here MM3A, is utilized for a variety of nanomanipulation tasks. Unlike widely used Cartesian-structure nanomanipulators, the MM3A is equipped with revolute-piezoelectric actuators which result in outstanding performance for controlling the nanomanipulator's tip alignment during the nanomanipulation process. However, the RRP structure of the nanomanipulator introduces complicity in kinematic and dynamic equations of the system which needs to be addressed in order to control the nanomanipulation process. Dissimilar to the ordinary piezoelectric actuators which provide only a couple of micrometers working range, the piezoelectric actuators utilized in MM3A, namely Nanomotors, provide wide range of action (120° in revolute actuators and 12mm in prismatic actuator) with sub-nano scale precision (0.1 μrad in revolute actuators and 0.25 nm in prismatic actuator). This wide range of action combined with sub-nano scale precision is achieved using a special stick/slip moving principle of the Nanomotors. However, such stick/slip motion results in stepping movement of the MM3A. Hence, due to the RRP structure and stepping movement principle of the MM3A nanomanipulator, controller design for the nanomanipulation process is not a trivial task. In this paper, a novel memory-based robust adaptive controller is proposed to overcome these shortfalls. Following the development of the memory-based robust adaptive controller, numerical simulations of the proposed controller are preformed to demonstrate the positioning performance capability of the controller in nanomanipulation tasks.
A practical method for almond cultivar identification and parental analysis using simple sequence repeat markers

Early and accurate identification of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] cultivars is critical to commercial growers and nurseries. Previously published simple sequence repeat loci were examined for their ability to distinguish commonly grown almond cultivars. Twelve highly polymorphic loci were selected for their ability to uniquely identify a set of 18 almond cultivars commonly grown in California, many of which are closely related. These markers also allow an accurate assessment of parent/progeny relationships among cultivars. This system can reliably identify at an early stage of development all major California almond cultivars in current production.
AN INTERVIEW WITH KIMMO LEHTONEN

Abstract In this interview, Dr. Kimmo Lehtonen discusses the current “state of the art” regarding creativity in Scandinavia, Europe, and around the world. He explores the training of teachers, prodigies, and art and music therapy. Dr. Lehtonen examines the issue of computers relative to creativity and various theoretical explanations for the phenomenon of creativity. Personality factors are examined and explored, and future concerns are delineated.
Association between pulmonary fibrosis and coronary artery disease.

nitude and significance of this association were maintained when only nongranulomatous fibrotic disease or its subset, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, was examined. The strength of the relationship between fibrotic disordersandCADincreasedwhenmultivesseldiseasewasanalyzed(oddsratio,4.16;95%confidenceinterval,1.46-11.9). No significant association was detected for granulomatous fibrotic disorders (odds ratio, 1.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-5.16; P=.47), although this subgroup had fewer cases of CAD for analysis. Conclusions:These findings support an association between fibrotic lung disorders and CAD. Further research is necessary to confirm this relationship and to explore the pathologic processes underlying, and potentially linking, these 2 conditions. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:551-556
A species barrier limits transmission of chronic wasting disease to mink ( Mustela vison )

Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) occurs as sporadic outbreaks associated with ingestion of feed presumably contaminated with some type of prion disease. Mink lack a species barrier to primary oral challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy, whereas they have a barrier to such challenge with scrapie. We investigated whether mink have a species barrier to chronic wasting disease (CWD) by performing primary intracerebral (IC) and primary oral challenge with CWD-positive elk brain. Primary IC challenge resulted in clinical disease in two of eight mink at 31–33 months incubation. Affected mink had spongiform vacuolation and astrocytosis within the central nervous system and immunoreactivity to disease-associated prion protein (PrPd) in brain, retina and lymph node. CWD IC recipients had significantly lower brain vacuolation and PrPd deposition scores, significantly lower cerebrocortical astrocyte counts and significantly higher hippocampal astrocyte counts than TME IC recipients. Primary oral challenge with CWD-positive elk brain (n=22) or with CWD-negative elk brain given IC (n=7) or orally (n=23) did not result in clinical or microscopic abnormalities during 42 months observation. Novel prion gene polymorphisms were identified at codon 27 (arginine/tryptophan) and codon 232 (arginine/lysine). This study shows that, whilst CWD can cause disease when given IC to mink, the lesions are not characteristic of TME, transmission is inefficient compared with TME and oral challenge does not result in disease. The demonstration of a species barrier in cervid-to-mustelid prion transmission indicates that mink are unlikely to be involved in natural CWD transmission.
Lidar aerosol ratio: measurements and models

Lidar offers an effective means for monitoring and characterizing global aerosol properties. While relative backscatter maps provided by spaceborne lidar measurements such as those obtained with LITE are valuable for delineating global aerosol structural features, obtaining more quantitative information needed for assessing aerosol radiative effects, namely, retrieval of aerosol extinction and backscatter, requires more information/constraints than what is provided by simple, single-direction lidar soundings. The aerosol extinction-to-backscatter ratio, or lidar aerosol ratio, S/sub a/, is a key parameter which, if known, permits retrieval of aerosol backscatter and extinction profiles from the lidar measurements. This paper assesses S/sub a/ determinations obtained from a number of lidar, nephelometer and solar radiometer/sky radiance observations. Results of modeling studies to relate different aerosol models to various ranges of S/sub a/ values are also considered. The goal is to establish an S/sub a/ climatology that can be used to aid aerosol retrievals from satellite lidar observations such as those to be provided by GLAS and PICASO-CENA.
Phase equilibrium calculations of highly polar systems

Benmekki, E.H. and Mansoori, G.A., 1987. Phase equilibrium calculations of highly polar systems. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 32: 139-149. It is well known that highly polar and hydrogen bonding mixtures pose a serious challenge to equations of state. In the present report it is shown that excellent correlations and predictions of complex systems can be achieved when the van der Waals mixing rules are properly associated with an equation of state. In this report the proper form of the van der Waals mixing rules is used with the Peng-Robinson equation of state to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium properties of water-ketone, water-alcohol, alcohol-ketone, and other complex mixtures, which exhibit either positive or negative azeotropy, with au accuracy which was not achievable by the original form of Peng-Robinson equation of state of mixtures.
Date and acquaintance rape among urban female teens

Conclusions: The most striking feature among these minority young women was that drinking by the victim or perpetrator was unrelated to rape or attempted rape. Rather past physical aggression was associated with completed or attempted date/acquaintance rape. Among those experiencing sexual coercion the context of their relationship suggests a pattern of coercion including pressure to use alcohol and verbal aggression. (excerpt)
Mechanism of active repolarization of inhibitory junction potential in murine colon

Enteric inhibitory responses in gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscles involve membrane hyperpolarization that transiently reduce the excitability of GI muscles. We examined the possibility that an a...
Solution methods for the p-median problem: An annotated bibliography

The p-median problem is a network problem that was originally designed for, and has been extensively applied to, facility location. In this bibliography, we summarize the literature on solution methods for the uncapacitated and capacitated p-median problem on a network. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 48(3), 125–142 2006
Economic sector analysis of China’s 100 largest companies

A database of Chinapsilas 100 largest companies was analyzed to reveal the relative presence of these companies in the goods and services sectors. 60% of the companies were identified with the goods sector and the remaining 40% with the services sector. The data were further analyzed to expose the very significant participation in the metals industries, specifically steel making and forming. Implications of these observations are further discussed.
Effect of process parameters on the structure of Si–Ti–N nanostructured coatings deposited by hypersonic plasma particle deposition

Abstract Si–Ti–N nanostructured coatings were synthesized by inertial impaction of nanoparticles using a process called hypersonic plasma particle deposition (HPPD). A study detailing the effect of plasma gases showed that in the case of an Ar + H 2 plasma gas mixture, crystalline phases in the coatings consisted of TiN, TiSi 2 , and Ti 5 Si 3 . When the system was switched to a plasma gas mixture of Ar + N 2 , the only crystalline phase was TiN. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of TiN crystallites in an amorphous matrix. Warren–Averbach analysis indicated the average size of the TiN crystallites to be 14.9 nm. In separate experiments with the same conditions, aerodynamic lenses were used to deposit particles directly onto TEM grids. We observed agglomerated structures with an Ar + N 2 plasma, while with an Ar + H 2 plasma we found discrete TiSi x and TiN x particles. In-situ particle diagnostics indicated only small changes in the particle size distributions when the plasma gases were changed.
Using Role Analysis to Plan for Stakeholder Involvement: A Wyoming Case Study

Prior to implementing laws and policies regulating water, wildlife, wetlands, endangered species, and recreation, natural resource managers often solicit public input. Concomitantly, managers are continually seeking more effective ways to involve stakeholders. In the autumn of 1999, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department sought to develop a state management plan for its portion of the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) population if it was removed from the federal threatened species list. A key aspect of developing this plan was the involvement of federal, state, and local agencies, representatives from nongovernmental organizations, and citizens. Wyoming wildlife managers asked researchers from the United States Geological Survey to demonstrate how the Legal-Institutional Analysis Model could be used to initiate this process. To address these needs, we conducted similar workshops for a group of state and federal managers or staffers and a broad group of stakeholders. Although we found similarities among the workshop groups, we also recorded differences in perspective between stakeholder groups. The managers group acknowledged the importance of varied stakeholders but viewed the grizzly bear planning process as one centered on state interests, influenced by state policies, and amenable to negotiation. The other workshops identified many stakeholders and viewed the decision process as diffuse, with many opportunities for entry into the process. These latter groups were less certain about the chance for a successful negotiation. We concluded that if these assumptions and differences were not reconciled, the public involvement effort was not likely to succeed.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and Serotonin Syndrome in the Critical Care Setting: Case Analysis

Background. Serotonin syndrome (SS) and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) are medical emergencies associated with psychotropic administration. Differentiation and treatment can be complex, especially when features of both syndromes are present and the patient has taken both serotonergic and neuroleptic agents.Method. Case analysis of a poly-drug overdose (venlafaxine, topiramate, divalproex sodium, risperidone, and carbamazepine) presenting with mixed SS/NMS features and whose clinical management suggests a practical algorithm for treatment of undifferentiated SS/NMS in critical care settings.Results. The suggested algorithm includes: 1) Supportive care and withdrawal of all potentially offending agents; 2) Laboratory evaluation with prompt initiation of treatment for both disorders – cyproheptadine for SS and dantrolene for NMS; 3) Do not use bromocriptine (contraindicated in SS) or chlorpromazine (contraindicated in NMS) initially; 4) Add bromocriptine when clinical presentation becomes consistent wi...
Optimal switch-aided flooding operations in ATM networks

We continue our previous work on switch-aided flooding (SAF) for use in ATM networks. The SAF-based protocols take advantage of hardware-supported cell relay and cell duplication in order to reduce the time needed to disseminate changes in network topology and resource availability. The SAF protocols use a spanning multipoint connection (SMC), which is a hardware-switched network spanning tree, but revert to conventional link-by-link flooding when the SMC is unavailable or under construction. The SAF protocol developed here further constructs a virtual ring topology to provide reliability more efficiently than our earlier protocols. The result is a robust flooding protocol that is guaranteed to deliver a broadcast message to all network switches reachable from the source node, and is (complexity-wise) as efficient as unreliable, hardware-based broadcast. The performance of the protocol in the presence of adverse network topology change events is studied via simulation. The results of the simulation reveal that the proposed flooding protocol delivers network updates several times faster than conventional approaches in normal situations, and is still, on average, twice as fast as conventional approaches in presence of component failures. Furthermore, the bandwidth consumed by a flooding operation is also significantly reduced.
Multisensory convergence of visual and haptic object preference across development

Abstract Visuohaptic inputs offer redundant and complementary information regarding an object׳s geometrical structure. The integration of these inputs facilitates object recognition in adults. While the ability to recognize objects in the environment both visually and haptically develops early on, the development of the neural mechanisms for integrating visual and haptic object shape information remains unknown. In the present study, we used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in three groups of participants, 4 to 5.5 year olds, 7 to 8.5 year olds, and adults. Participants were tested in a block design involving visual exploration of two-dimensional images of common objects and real textures, and haptic exploration of their three-dimensional counterparts. As in previous studies, object preference was defined as a greater BOLD response for objects than textures. The analyses specifically target two sites of known visuohaptic convergence in adults: the lateral occipital tactile–visual region (LOtv) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Results indicated that the LOtv is involved in visuohaptic object recognition early on. More importantly, object preference in the LOtv became increasingly visually dominant with development. Despite previous reports that the lateral occipital complex (LOC) is adult-like by 8 years, these findings indicate that at least part of the LOC is not. Whole-brain maps showed overlap between adults and both groups of children in the LOC. However, the overlap did not build incrementally from the younger to the older group, suggesting that visuohaptic object preference does not develop in an additive manner. Taken together, the results show that the development of neural substrates for visuohaptic recognition is protracted compared to substrates that are primarily visual or haptic.
ON THE ABUNDANCE OF POLYPLOIDS IN FLOWERING PLANTS

The wide distribution of polyploidy among plants has led to a variety of theories for the evolutionary advantages of polyploidy. Here we claim that the abundance of polyploidy may be the result of a simple ratcheting process that does not require evolutionary advantages due to the biological properties of organisms. The evolution of polyploidy is a one-way process in which chromosome number can increase but not decrease. Using a simple mathematical model, we show that average ploidal level within a plant lineage can continually increase to the levels observed today, even if there are ecological or physiological disadvantages to higher ploidy. The model allowed us to estimate the average net speciation and polyploidy rates for ten angiosperm genera. Based on these estimates, the model predicts distributions of ploidal levels statistically similar to those observed in nine of the 10 genera.
Economic assessment of weed management for transgenic and nontransgenic cotton in tilled and nontilled systems

Abstract Studies were conducted to evaluate weed management programs in nontransgenic, bromoxynil-resistant, and glyphosate-resistant cotton in nontilled and tilled environments. Tillage did not affect weed control provided by herbicides. Early-season stunting in nontilled cotton was 3% regardless of the herbicide system and was no longer evident at midseason. Cotton yield was 10 to 15% greater, on an average, under tilled conditions than that under nontilled conditions. Excellent (> 90%) common lambsquarters, entireleaf morningglory, ivyleaf morningglory, jimsonweed, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, tall morningglory, and velvetleaf control was achieved with treatments containing pyrithiobac, bromoxynil, and glyphosate. Preemergence (PRE) or postemergence-directed (PD) herbicide inputs were necessary for adequate large crabgrass and goosegrass control. Bromoxynil and pyrithiobac postemergence did not control sicklepod unless supplemented with MSMA and followed by a late-postdirected treatment of cyanaz...
Increased secretion of erythropoietin in human renal carcinoma cells in response to atrial natriuretic factor

The present studies were undertaken to assess the effects of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on erythropoietin (Ep) secretion in Ep-producing renal carcinoma (RC) cells using a sensitive radioimmunoassay for Ep. Human ANF produced a significant dose-related increase in Ep secretion at concentrations of 10(-7) and 10(-6) M when compared with vehicle controls. ANF (greater than or equal to 10(-9) M) also significantly increased the intracellular guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) concentration after 5-min incubation with the RC cells. Scatchard analysis of the human 125I-labeled ANF binding data indicated that the RC cells contain a single class of binding sites with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 93 +/- 1 pM and a binding capacity of 2,190 +/- 750 sites/cell. Incubation of the RC cells with 8-bromo-cGMP in concentrations of 10(-7)-10(-5) M also produced a significant dose-related enhancement of Ep secretion. These findings suggest that the increase in Ep secretion in response to ANF can be attributed, at least in part, to activation of guanylate cyclase, which is coupled to specific ANF receptors on the RC cell.
Transportation Economic Issues in the Proposed Annexation of Wendover, Utah

In 2002, the residents of Wendover, Utah voted in favor of annexation by the adjacent West Wendover, Nevada. While Wendover is blighted, West Wendover thrives in a gaming-based economy. The legislative process is lengthy because of the proposed realignment of the Nevada-Utah boundary. This paper examines the transportation-related implications of the proposed annexation. The capital value of Wendover’s transportation assets is about $40.6 million (U.S. $2003), although attention has been directed toward the Wendover Airport and an associated debt that had grown to $27 million by early 2006. Wendover’s annual tax revenue per km of road would increase from $22,800 to $43,300 following annexation. The additional funding would be useful in improving Wendover’s streets, 72% of which were either poor or unpaved in a June 2005 survey. There would be an immediate annual transportation cost increase of $725 per household in Wendover from higher licensing and registration fees, insurance premiums, and fuel taxes. City and county officials in Nevada were wrestling with being responsible for the airport’s debt, forcing officials in Utah to consider alternatives to annexation. One alternative would be to further develop the airport, and establish stronger linkages to nearby attractions.
Simplifying Wireless Social Caching via Network Coding

Social groups open up the opportunity for a new form of caching. This paper investigates how a social group of users can jointly optimize bandwidth usage, by each caching network-coded parts of the data demand, and then opportunistically share these parts among themselves upon meeting. First, the problem is formulated as a linear program (LP) with exponential complexity in the number of users. Then, a heuristic algorithm is proposed, which is inspired by the bipartite set-cover problem and operates in polynomial time. For some scenarios, a worst-case performance guarantee of the heuristic with respect to the optimal LP solution is proved. Finally, the performance of the algorithm is assessed using real-world mobility traces synthesized using the SWIM model and from the MIT Reality Mining project data set. The proposed heuristic offers bandwidth savings up to 65% for a waiting time of 30 minutes and up to 28% performance gains with respect to the alternative solutions. These benefits make the algorithm a feasible candidate solution for bandwidth savings.
A 20‐year dataset of species replacement patterns in the middle‐intertidal zone of Tatoosh Island, Washington, USA

This data set documents changes in the sessile species occupying several rock benches on wave-exposed shores of Tatoosh Island, Washington, USA from 1993-2012. Plots and transects were located within the middle intertidal zone dominated by the mussel Mytilus californianus. Data were taken in 14 60 x 60 cm quadrats positioned at two corners with permanent marking screws. A 10 x 10 grid defined by the intersection of equally-spaced monofilament lines yielded a set of 100 fixed points per quadrat per census. Plots were generally located initially in sites that had undergone natural wave disturbance in the past 0-3 years, to better document transient successional dynamics, and most plots have experienced 1-2 disturbance/succession cycles over the course of the data collection. A further set of points was monitored on 11 permanent transects 9.1 m long with 30 initially randomly placed points, which cover a broader span of shoreline than the quadrats. The data collection was implemented to parameterize Markov Chain models and use these to make predictions about the effects of local species extinction that could subsequently be tested in an experimentally tractable ecosystem. To date, the data have been used in 1) a parameterization and analysis of a basic multi-species Markov Chain model, 2) a spatially-explicit cellular automata, 3) a reformulation, parameterization and experimental test of the Neutral Theory of Biodiversity, 4) a comparative analysis of Markov Chain models across different marine habitats, 5) development of an approach to link global change to multi-species interactions using an environment-dependent (ocean acidification) series of Markov Chain models, 6) analysis of changes in system dynamics following experimental species extinction, and 7) parameterization of population dynamic models of mussels revealing density-linked stochastic patterns. The Markov Chain and Neutral models have subsequently been tested in independent experiments. These data may be of further use in analyzing detailed patterns of species transitions, as well as more standard analyses of spatial and temporal patterns of species abundance and richness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Campus Speech and the Functions of the University

The roles and limits of free speech on university campuses have lately been of increasing interest. This Article suggests that as long as our understandings of the basic functions of the university itself are conflicting and contested, our understandings of the proper scope of free speech on campus will be similarly irreconcilable, even if we think of the university in terms of community. The Article explores this thesis through considering, in particular, problems of hostile speech, of professorial academic freedom, and of speech by students transitioning into professional service roles.
Anomalous reactivity of ceric nitrate in ruthenium "blue dimer"-catalyzed water oxidation.

At high concentrations, nitrate ion alters the dynamics of ruthenium “blue dimer”-catalyzed water oxidation by Ce(IV) such that the oxidation rate is enhanced and a unique reaction intermediate accumulates. This intermediate is characterized by distinct EPR, optical, and resonance Raman (RR) spectra, with the appearance in the latter of a new oxygen isotope-sensitive band. Both Ce(IV) and nitrate are required to generate this intermediate, which suggests ceric-nitrate complexes as the causative agents. Use of 18O-labeled and 15N-labeled materials has established that (1) the new RR band is not an O–O stretching mode (for example, as might be associated with a peroxo species) but involves the O atom coordinated to a Ru center, and (2) the O2 product does not contain an O atom derived from nitrate, eliminating several plausible pathways involving O-atom transfer to oxidized dimer. Although these results are surprising, similar phenomena have been reported for water oxidation catalyzed by monomeric Ru comple...
PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE POLYMORPHISM AND NATURAL SELECTION IN THE SAND CRAB, EMERITA TALPOIDA.

Of the many studies of protein polymorphism in natural populations relatively few have dealt explicitly with the role of natural selection in determining allelic frequencies (Koehn, 1969; Koehn et al., 1971; Schopf and Gooch, 1971; Koehn and Mitton, 1972; Merritt, 1972; Koehn et al., 1973; Williams et al., 1973; Mitton et al., 1973; Ayala, 1974; Ayala and Gilpin, 1975; Mitton and Koehn 1975; Koehn et al., 1976). In most cases the action of selection has not been demonstrated experimentally. Rather, selection has been inferred on the basis of observational data; the correlation between changes in allelic frequencies and environmental parameters is thought to be the result of selection for enzymes having optimal activity under specific environmental conditions. Indeed, Koehn (1969), Koehn et al. (1971) and Merritt (1972) were able to demonstrate that enzymes produced by different genotypes had different optimal conditions and that allelic frequencies in the natural populations studied appeared to vary as a function of these conditions. The logic of the present study takes the following form. If, for a given species, migration among populations is extensive, if allelic frequencies at an enzyme locus vary as a function of environmental gradients, if there is little or no inbreeding and if there is differential survival among genotypes, then selection rather than mutation pressure, gene flow or stochastic processes is likely to be the principal factor determining allelic frequencies. Some or all of these suppositions are identical to those invoked in the studies cited although they were not always explicitly stated as such. This analysis is based on the allelic variation at the phosphoglucose isomerase (E.C.5.3.1.9) locus of the sand crab, Emerita talpoida (Say). This species is essentially panmictic as a result of the extensive pelagic dispersal of its larvae during the zoeal stage of its life cycle (Johnson, 1939; Rees, 1959; Barnes and Wenner, 1968; Dillery and Knapp, 1970; Efford, 1970). Megalopae, juveniles and adults are found at high densities in local aggregations in the intertidal wash zone (Efford, 1965; Barnes and Wenner, 1968). These more sedentary stages are restricted in their distribution to the quartz sand beaches of the western Atlantic Ocean (Wharton, 1942). The largest females produce as many as 5000 eggs per berrying period (Efford, 1970), carrying their eggs for about a month (Dudley and Cox, 1967), and may have five batches of eggs per year (Efford, 1970). Partial evidence suggests the species is a protandric hermaphrodite (Barnes and Wenner, 1968). The length of the larval dispersal stage is estimated by inference to be from 2.5 to 4 months (Efford, 1965, 1967, 1970; Barnes and Wenner, 1968). The longevity of the species has not been established. In North America the distribution of E. talpoida extends from southern Massachusetts to the southern tip of mainland Florida.
Dehydration of isobutanol and the elimination of water from fuel alcohols.

Rate coefficients for the dehydration of isobutanol have been determined experimentally from comparative rate single pulse shock tube measurements and calculated via multistructural transition state theory (MS-TST). They are represented by the Arrhenius expression, k(isobutanol → isobutene + H2O)experimental = 7.2 × 1013 exp(−35300 K/T) s–1. The theoretical work leads to the high pressure rate expression, k(isobutanol → isobutene + H2O)theory = 3.5 × 1013 exp(−35400 K/T) s–1. Results are thus within a factor of 2 of each other. The experimental results cover the temperature range 1090–1240 K and pressure range 1.5–6 atm, with no discernible pressure effects. Analysis of these results, in combination with earlier single pulse shock tube work, made it possible to derive the governing factors that control the rate coefficients for alcohol dehydration in general. Alcohol dehydration rate constants depend on the location of the hydroxyl group (primary, secondary, and tertiary) and the number of available H-ato...
Theory and Algorithm for Planar Datum Establishment Using Constrained Total Least-squares

Abstract First, we present an efficient algorithm for establishing planar datums that is based on a constrained minimization search based on the L2 norm after forming a convex surface from sampled points. Visualized by Gauss maps, we prove that the problem reduces to a minimization search where the global minimum is localized about the minimizing facet. Second, we highlight advantages of this planar datum, including the major advantage that the datum planes have full mechanical contact with the datum features in stable cases yet are automatically balanced for rocking conditions. These advantages make this definition appealing for standardization.
“Ya puede echar de ver quan complacido quedo, así porque gosas de salud como porque pones en práctica mis consejos”: variación pronominal en el español colonial de Costa Rica

Este estudio se dedica a analizar, desde la perspectiva de la pragmatica, el fenomeno de la variacion en el uso de los pronombres de segunda persona en el espanol de Costa Rica en la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Emplea como corpus de analisis una pequena serie de cartas familiares e intercambios entre personas vinculadas entre si porque pertenecieron a una misma familia.
External monitoring of private firms: A cross-country empirical analysis

Abstract There is limited research which focuses on the use of external monitoring by private companies, domestic or international. We use World Bank data to explore the factors that are associated with the probability of using external monitoring by private firms in emerging and developing countries. In this research, the service of external auditors is considered as a proxy for external monitoring. We tested our results both on the full sample (114 countries) and on 5 different income clusters based on World Bank economic development categorization. From our results, we conclude that there is not a single set of “universal” factors associated with firms' decision to engage external auditors. We observe that factors associated with external auditors, a proxy for monitoring, differ across the various categories of economic development. As a policy implication, there is a need for a voluntary adoption of a uniform set of standards for external monitoring and auditing in this area.
The Risk Analysis of the PFI Model in the Project Regional Investment

This paper uses the Multi-Attribute Evaluation based on the Wavelet Network to make quantification analysis of the feasibility of using PFI Model in public infrastructure construct,and to find the order of the risk's importance in the project regional investment.
The Structural Relationship between Iterative and Modular PKSs.

Recent work has characterized the architecture of a highly-reducing iterative polyketide synthase (PKS), the mycocerosic acid synthase (MAS) (Herbst et al., 2016). Beyond sharing a structural similarity with the mammalian fatty acid synthase (FAS), the authors argue that the MAS architecture is representative of some PKS modules.
Improving the Quality of and Access to HIV Rapid Testing in the Caribbean Region: Program Implementation, Outcomes, and Recommendations

In 2008, HIV rapid testing (HIV RT) was only minimally used in the Caribbean region. Collaboration with countries and international partners since then has resulted in greater availability and use of HIV RT services. Surveys were conducted in 2012 and 2014 among 11 selected Caribbean countries to inform stakeholders of progress made since 2008 and to identify strategies to further improve access and uptake of high-quality HIV RT in community- and facility-based settings in support of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets. Key accomplishments during this period include (1) presence of in-country national HIV RT algorithms, (2) use of the dried tube specimen (DTS) as an external quality assessment (EQA) program, (3) use of standardized logbooks for data collection and monitoring, and (4) use of oral fluid for HIV RT, particularly for key population surveys. Although progress has been made since 2008 to increase access and improve the quality of HIV RT among countries in the Caribbean, some work remains to be done. This includes the development of new policies and implementation of existing ones, task shifting, quality and access to testing, testing strategies, and integration of HIV RT into HIV Testing Services.
Limiting CPU power consumption for efficient computation of 3D workloads

Rendering 3D workloads using the least power possible is an increasingly important quality of computing platforms. Current platforms do not achieve this goal because they power the Central Processing Units (CPUs) at frequencies above the minimum required for these workloads to operate without performance loss. Higher than necessary frequencies yield greater than necessary power consumption. This paper describes a method for limiting CPU frequency while running 3D workloads to reduce power consumption with minimal performance loss. Using this method on an Intel® 3rd generation Core™ processor reduces CPU power consumption by an average of 9% with no significant performance impact.
Evaluation of a Fluorogenic MPN Procedure for Determining Escherichia coli in Oysters1

Application of a fluorogenic assay using 4-methylumbelliferone glucuronide (MUG) for detecting Escherichia coli in oysters was not workable due to the presence of an interfering endogenous glucuronidase in the oysters. Modification of the assay by incorporating the MUG into EC broth, rather than LST broth, eliminated the interference. When 25 oyster samples were analyzed for E. coli , 127 of the EC tubes were positive for gas. Of these, 103 were fluorescent and 102 yielded E. coli on isolation. The modification still results in saving approximately 4 d when analyzing for E. coli in oysters.