cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Poisoning in Eastern Washington1

Commercial apiaries were monitored with dead bee hive entrance traps in several agricultural areas of eastern Washington during 1979–1981. Low to moderate kills of honey bees occur periodically throughout much of the season in the more diversified crop areas sampled, the Yakima Valley and the Columbia Basin. Certain regions with less intensive insecticide usage, the Kittitas Valley, the Mattawa area, and the Touchet area, are much safer for summer bee pasture
Aspects and Applications of the Single-Concept Film

The production of single-concept films, films characterized by their shortness, is increasing. The scope of five educational projects utilizing the single-concept film are reviewed. These films are described with reference to subject matter, intended audience and photographic techniques.
Dynamical Stress Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis of Nonlinear Rotor System with Rigid-flexible Structure

A nonlinear rotor system with complex structure in engineering is studied and the finite element analysis software and the multi-body dynamics simulation software are used to establish and analyze the parametric dynamic model of the rigid-flexible rotor system.The dynamic simulation of the rotor system is carried out and the dynamic stress model for reliability analysis is established on the basis of artificial neural network(ANN) technique,stochastic perturbation method,reliability design and reliability-based sensitivity design theory.Thus,an efficient method is proposed to compute the reliability-based sensitivity of the non-linear rotor system with complex structure.The influence degree of the designed parameters on the reliability of rotor system is discussed,and the sensitivity of reliability to the mean value and variance of original random parameters is obtained.On condition that the units of original random parameters are different,the sensitivity is transformed into dimensionless value and each basic random variable is then sequenced by the influence degree of reliability.The proposed method provides theoretical reference for the mechanical product design,thus having realiseic significance and theoretical value.
The Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins in Multiple Sclerosis

A specific and reliable diagnostic test for MS does not currently exist. However, most patients afflicted with this disorder demonstrate both qualitative and quantitative changes in CSF proteins. An abnormal immunoglobulin fraction synthesized within the CNS is frequently found to be electrophoretically distinct from other proteins of the CSF and quantifiable according to different formulas. Although an etiologic antigen has not been implicated as yet, these findings provide compelling evidence to support an immunopathologic basis for MS.
Stability of myelomeningocele spines treated with the mayfield two-stage anterior and posterior fusion technique.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review of the results of operative treatment for paralytic thoracolumbar lordoscoliosis in six consecutive myelomeningocele patients treated with the Mayfield two-stage combined anterior and posterior fusion and instrumentation technique. OBJECTIVES To assess the long-term stability of myelomeningocele spines treated with the Mayfield technique. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA An initial description of the technique by Mayfield and an early study of the evolution of the two-stage combined anterior and posterior instrumented fusion of paralytic lordoscoliosis in myelomeningocele spines are available. METHODS Study of the six individual patients showed that the mean age at the time of surgery was 13 years and 8 months (range, 9 years 9 months to 15 years 10 months). At the time of surgery, the major lumbosacral curve averaged 81 degrees (range, 52-137 degrees ), pelvic obliquity was 28 degrees (range, 1-48 degrees ), torso decompensation was 2.8 cm (range, 0-6.0 cm), thoracic kyphosis was 60 degrees (range, 25-93 degrees ), lumbar lordosis was 106 degrees (range, 55-151 degrees ), and sacral anteflexion was 78 degrees (range, 22-117 degrees ). The mean duration of follow-up evaluation was 13 years 5 months (range, 8 years 10 months to 16 years 11 months). RESULTS Clinical and radiographic evaluation showed that immediately after surgery, the lumbosacral curve was corrected to an average of 25 degrees and at last follow-up evaluation was 25 degrees, for a final correction of 69%. Pelvic obliquity was corrected to 7 degrees, 5 degrees at last follow-up evaluation, for a 82% correction. Torso decompensation was corrected to 1.4 cm initially and finally to 0.3 cm, for an 89% correction. Kyphosis was corrected to 52 degrees, finally to 50 degrees (17% decrease); lordosis to 73 degrees and finally to 67 degrees (37 degrees decrease); and sacral anteflexion corrected to 51 degrees and finally to 56 degrees (28% decrease). In one patient, the tip of the longest rod displaced from the uppermost hook and was replaced with maintenance of correction. Another patient had dehiscence of the pelvic portion of the posterior wound, with secondary bacterial contamination, and healed by secondary intention. CONCLUSIONS The Mayfield technique effectively corrected and stabilized these difficult myelomeningocele spinal deformities, using distraction against square-holed hooks seated on the sacral alae, which contain the best-quality bone in these hypoplastic pelves.
Bookbinding Information on the Web: Breaking the Circle, from Pixels to Linked Open Data

COLUMN EDITOR'S NOTES The “Digital Heritage: Spotlight on Europe” column examines technological advances internal and external to cultural institutions. The digital shift changed radically how cultural heritage is made, disseminated, distributed, accessed, consumed, and monetized. One of the most important revolutions is that the user's role changed dramatically, shifting from passive observers to active participants and content producers with many new and exciting opportunities for engagement, creative use, and access. The strength of the column is its broad, international focus, and contributors are encouraged to explore issues and recent advances in digital heritage theories, methodologies, standards relevant to the European region, as well as the larger, global audience. Interested authors are invited to submit proposals and articles to the column editor at annamaria.tammaro@unipr.it. Please include “ILLR submission” in the subject line of the e-mail.
Agents of empire: knights, corsairs, Jesuits and spies in the sixteenth-century Mediterranean world, by Noel Malcolm

Noel Malcolm’s Agents of Empire is the fruit of an important manuscript discovery, nearly two decades of painstaking archival research into the lives of upper-class men from Albania, and of thought...
Pedophilia-Themed Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: Assessment, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment with Exposure and Response Prevention

Fears of sexually harming children are fairly common among clients suffering from obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), yet these symptoms are largely unrecognized and frequently misdiagnosed by mental health professionals. Specifically, clients with pedophilia-themed OCD (P-OCD) experience excessive worries and distressing intrusive thoughts about being sexually attracted to, and sexually violating, children. Expressing these concerns may provoke misjudgments from uninformed mental health professionals that a client is presenting instead with pedophilic disorder. This misdiagnosis and subsequent improper interventions can then contribute to increased fear, anxiety, and in many cases, depression, in affected clients. Therefore, it is imperative that mental health professionals first possess a good understanding of this common manifestation of OCD. As such, in this article, we described obsessions and compulsions typical of P-OCD, in order to inform the reader of the distinctive differences between P-OCD and pedophilic disorder. Information about how to assess for P-OCD symptoms is then provided, followed by suggestions on how to tailor aspects of exposure and response prevention to treat this specific form of OCD.
Locus of the Superconductivity in The Cuprates

In YBa2Cu3O x , muon spin rotation (μ+SR) measurements were taken at applied magnetic fields along the c-axis of 0.05, 1.0, 3.0, and 6.0 Tesla. These measurements, which take into account the expected field-dependent and temperature-activated flux-line disorder, are consistent with a nodeless (s-wave) superconducting order parameter, and inconsistent with order parameters possessing nodes, including those with \(d_{{x}^2-{y}^2}\) symmetry. We conclude that the superconductivity is p-type and occupies the BaO layers of YBa2Cu3O x . In other cuprates orruthenates, thesuperconductivity resides in the BaO, SrO, or interstitial oxygen regions.
The Work and Occupational Trajectories of Clinical Trials Research

This paper revisits the concept of trajectory, as set out by Glaser and Strauss in 1965 and developed by others. Much of the research utilizing this concept has been focused on illness and the orga...
A Natural Mouse Model for Neisseria Colonization

Commensals are important for the proper functioning of multicellular organisms. How a commensal establishes persistent colonization of its host is little understood. Studies of this aspect of microbe-host interactions are impeded by the absence of an animal model. We have developed a natural small animal model for identifying host and commensal determinants of colonization and of the elusive process of persistence. Our system couples a commensal bacterium of wild mice, Neisseria musculi, with the laboratory mouse. The pairing of a mouse commensal with its natural host circumvents issues of host restriction. Studies are performed in the absence of antibiotics, hormones, invasive procedures, or genetic manipulation of the host. A single dose of N. musculi, administered orally, leads to long-term colonization of the oral cavity and gut. All mice are healthy. Susceptibility to colonization is determined by host genetics and innate immunity. For N. musculi, colonization requires the type IV pilus. Reagents and powerful tools are readily available for manipulating the laboratory mouse, allowing easy dissection of host determinants controlling colonization resistance. N. musculi is genetically related to human-dwelling commensal and pathogenic Neisseria and encodes host interaction factors and vaccine antigens of pathogenic Neisseria Our system provides a natural approach for studying Neisseria-host interactions and is potentially useful for vaccine efficacy studies.
The consensus on the land question in the constitution of Georgia

Abstract The reflection of the land question in the Constitution of Georgia has excited the people of the country. The citizens believe that they should not sell their land to foreigners (stateless physical and legal persons). In order to resolve this problem, it is necessary to achieve a general national consensus. The Georgian nation is self-determined in the land question, so the new edition of the constitution should rely on the historic and legal heritage of the country, and in terms of modern conditions and challenges, it should establish the basic principles of land ownership and land use. In particular: 1. The value principle - land is not only natural resource and economic category, but also the value that defines the identity of the Georgians - national treasure and eternal inheritance; 2. The obligatory principle of a landowner - property is not only a right, but it entails obligation: its use must be at the same time for the benefit of society; this principle is the historical heritage of Article 116 of the 1921 Constitution; 3. Apart from these fundamental principles, the Constitution shall strengthen the forms of land ownership –the State, municipal (community) and private property; 4. Constitutional Principle determining land law- The text of the Constitution must clearly indicate that land ownership and land use are regulated by the Organic Law –the Land Code.
Pardon the interruption: saccadic inhibition enables the rapid deployment of alternate oculomotor plans

Diverse psychophysical and neurophysiological results show that oculomotor networks are continuously active, such that plans for making the next eye movement are always ongoing. So, when new visual information arrives unexpectedly, how are those plans affected? At what point can the new information start guiding an eye movement, and how? Here, based on modeling and simulation results, we make two observations that are relevant to these questions. First, we note that many experiments, including those investigating the phenomenon known as "saccadic inhibition," are consistent with the idea that sudden-onset stimuli briefly interrupt the gradual rise in neural activity associated with the preparation of an impending saccade. And second, we show that this stimulus-driven interruption is functionally adaptive, but only if perception is fast. In that case, putting on hold an ongoing saccade plan toward location A allows the oculomotor system to initiate a concurrent, alternative plan toward location B (where a stimulus just appeared), deliberate (briefly) on the priority of each target, and determine which plan should continue. Based on physiological data, we estimate that the actual advantage of this strategy, relative to one in which any plan once initiated must be completed, is of several tens of milliseconds.
Real-world treatment of large vessel occlusions: combined outcomes of directly presenting and transferred-in patients to a stroke center.

Background Stroke patients transferred in for endovascular treatment (ET) may have lower chances for favorable outcomes compared to those who presented directly to a ET-capable hospital. We describe our real-world experience of ET in AIS, especially among patients transferred in. Materials and methods AIS patients receiving ET from January 2015 to November 2016 were reviewed. We calculated median onset to groin puncture (OTP) and groin puncture to recanalization times (PTR), location of target vessel treated, rate of concurrent intravenous (IV) alteplase use, and rate of successful recanalization as defined by TICI ≥ 2b. Outcomes included discharge disposition to nursing home (NH) and 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. Results We identified 174 patients (50.6% women, mean age 69.5 ± 15.7 years, 49.4% transfer-ins) undergoing ET (20.5% terminal internal carotid artery, 47.7% M1, 17% M2, 9.2% basilar artery, 5.7% other). Median OTP and PTR times were 257 [158, 375] and 30 [22, 48] minutes, respectively. Rate of TICI ≥ 2b was 82.9%, and 55.7% received adjunctive IV alteplase. Rate of discharge to NH was 17.2% 90-day mRS ≤ 2 was 41.7%. Discharge to NH (P = 0.32) and 90-day mRS ≤ 2 (P = 0.75) were not significantly different between transferred in versus direct presentation patients. Conclusion High rates of favorable angiographic and clinical outcomes were found among AIS patients receiving ET in our single-center experience, particularly among transferred in patients. The establishment of a stroke network may help in the efficient transfer and assembly of appropriate resources for eligible patients that are transferred in for ET.
Financial management of large, multi-center trials in a challenging funding milieu

Randomized clinical trials that have public health implications but no or low potential for commercial gain are predominantly funded by governmental (e.g., National Institutes of Health (NIH)) and not-for-profit organizations. Our objective was to develop an alternative clinical trial site funding model for judicious allocation of declining public research funds. In the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) study, an NIH-supported, large clinical trial testing the effect of vitamin D supplementation on incident diabetes in 2423 participants at high risk for diabetes, a hybrid financial management model for supporting collaborating clinical sites was developed and applied. The funding model employed two reimbursement components: Core (for study start-up and partial efforts throughout the study, ~40% of the total site budget), invoiced by sites, and Performance-Based Payments (for successful enrollment of participants and completion of follow-up visits, ~60% of the total site budget), automatically issued to the sites by the Coordinating Center based on actual recruitment and visits conducted. Underperforming sites transitioned to Performance-Based Payments only. Recruitment occurred from October 2013 through December 2016, requiring one additional year than the 2-year projection. Median enrollment at each site was 88 participants (range 29–318; 20 to 205% of the site target). At the end of year 1, study-wide recruitment was at 12% of the target (vs. 50% projected) and 12% of the total grant award was invested. The model constantly evaluated sites’ needs and re-allocated resources to meet the study enrollment goal. If D2d had issued cost reimbursement subaward agreements and sites invoiced for their entire budget, 83% of the award would have been spent for all study activities over the first 4 years of the trial compared to 65% of the award spent (US$26M) under the hybrid model used by D2d. It is feasible to foster a hybrid financial management approach to steward limited available public funds for research in a dynamic and consistent way that does not compromise the trial’s scientific integrity and ensures conservation of funds to complete recruitment and continue to follow up participants.
The Invisible Man: The Conscious Neglect of Men and Boys in the War on Human Trafficking, 2010 Utah L. Rev. 1143 (2010)

This Article explores the intersection between an attribute of the commercial media and American criminal jurisprudence that existing legal scholarship has largely disregarded: the systematic neglect of male victims in the war on human trafficking. Indeed, male vulnerability to human trafficking has been neglected even in academic discourse. The traditional narrative posits that women and girls are more vulnerable to human trafficking and thus are in greater need of legal protection, whereas males, conversely, are resistant to human trafficking and thus less in need of legal protection. This Article will demonstrate, however, that men and boys are both more likely than women and girls to become victims of human trafficking and far less likely to receive legal protection.Additionally, this Article will establish that, although the text of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act is textually gender-neutral, it is unlikely to protect male victims of human trafficking because its construction, like other laws aimed at curtailing sexual violence, is largely interpreted and enforced as a law primarily designed to protect women and girls. This Article demonstrates that the traditional notion that human trafficking is primarily a sex crime against females involving male perpetrators harms the collective good by facilitating the neglect of thousands of male victims and ignoring the success of many female traffickers, who harm both male and female victims. This social condition leaves the full extent of the resulting harm unabated and significantly increases the incidence of human trafficking, particularly of male victims. This Article links this injustice to media-driven perspectives and presentations that propagate falsities regarding male vulnerability. It highlights the glaring, but normative, institutional lack of concern for male victims of human trafficking; discusses the reasons for and catalysts of this neglect; identifies the misconceptions that perpetuate it; and argues for the advancement of gender-neutral reporting, research, and funding schemes that delegitimize misconceptions regarding male victims of human trafficking.
Genomic Assessment of Renal Cancer

Renal cell carcinoma represents a diverse group of cancers arising from the kidney nephron, with clearly distinct genomic patterns of tumorigenesis. This chapter will focus on the most common clear cell renal cell carcinoma and the genetic origins and assessments in this disease, after a discussion of familial syndromes at risk for kidney cancers. A wide variety of platforms have been implemented to examine the DNA sequence, copy number alterations, chromatin structure, and transcriptional landscape of this tumor. We will overview the processes of genomic analysis that have been applied and the implications of high-frequency events. In particular, chromosome 3p losses and mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau gene, with resultant dysregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors, have formed a central feature of this cancer. Newer findings, including less common events that mimic this pathway as well as discoveries that several epigenetic chromatin modifiers are frequently mutated in clear cell RCC, will be explored. Many DNA, RNA, and protein features can serve to classify tumors into subgroups, with potential to stratify patients for prognosis or perhaps in the future for therapeutic interventions.
Statistical Engineering: An Algorithm for Reducing Variation in Manufacturing Processes

(2005). Statistical Engineering: An Algorithm for Reducing Variation in Manufacturing Processes. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 317-318.
Patenting Race in a Genomic Age1

In the growing field of biotechnology research and development, a new phenomenon is emerging – the strategic use of race as a genetic category to obtain patent protection and drug approval. The imbrication of race in the field of patent law as an adjunct to biotechnological inventions is producing new racialized spaces of intellectual property that may have profound implications for broader social understandings and mobilizations of race. When the federal government grants a patent to an invention that is based on an asserted or implied genetic basis for a particular racial group, it gives the imprimatur of the federal government to the construction of race as genetic. Moreover, once granted, such patents may provide the basis for similarly race-based clinical trial designs, drug development, capital raising and marketing strategies that carry the construction of race as genetic out to ever widening and consequential segments of society.
Molecular epidemiology and evolution of equine arteritis virus.

EVA is an infectious disease of equids that occurs in many parts of the world and is caused by EAV (Timoney and McCollum, 1993; Glaser et al., 1997). Most EAV infections are subclinical but occasional outbreaks of disease occur that are characterised by any combination of influenza-like illness in adult horses, abortion in pregnant mares, and interstitial pneumonia in very young foals. Up to 60% of stallions infected with EAV become persistently infected carriers and shed virus continuously in semen. Persistence of EAV in the male reproductive tract is testosterone-dependent, and persistently infected stallions function as a natural reservoir that can disseminate virus to susceptible mares at breeding (Timoney and McCollum, 1993).
A Combination Model for Macroscopic Transport in Polymer-Electrolyte Membranes

The membrane is the heart of the fuel-cell sandwich and hence the entire fuel cell. It is this electrolyte that makes polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) unique and, correspondingly, the electrolyte must have very specific properties. Thus, it needs to conduct protons but not electrons as well as inhibit gas transport in the separator but allow it in the catalyst layers. Furthermore, the membrane is one of the most important items in dealing with water management. It is for these reasons as well as for others that modeling and experiments of the membrane have been pursued more than any other layer [1]. Although there have been various membranes used, none is more researched or seen as the standard than the Nafion 1 family by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. Like the other membranes used, the general structure of Nafion is a copolymer between polytetrafluoroethylene and polysulfonyl fluoride vinyl ether. These perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers exhibit many interesting properties such as a high conductivity, prodigious water uptake, and high anion exclusion to name a few. Nafion 1 is the main membrane studied in this chapter. This chapter can be broken down into various parts. First, a short general background including previous models and experimental evidence is discussed. Second, a physically based, qualitative model of the structure of the membrane is presented. Next, a mathematical description is given to the physical model in terms of general governing equations. The following sections describe the two transport modes and the transition between them. These discussions include the elucidation from literature data of the water content and various transport parameters. Finally, there is some discussion about the validation of the model and its attributes, with a focus on fuel-cell water management.
Characteristic Properties of the Knot Polynomials

A survey of the knot polynomials Δ k (t) computed at the end of the preceding chapter shows that, for each of them, Δ k (1) = ± 1. A proof that this equation holds for all knot polynomials is the objective of the first section of the present chapter. The survey also substantiates the assertion that all knot polynomials are reciprocal polynomials, i.e., for every knot polynomial Δ k (t), there exists an integer n such that Δ k (t) = t n Δ k (t -1). Thus, if Δ k (t) = c n t n + c n-1 t n-1 +··· + c 0, the coefficients exhibit the symmetry c i = c n-i , i = 0, ··· , n. As was pointed out in Section 3 of Chapter VIII, this property is essential to our conclusion that knots of the same type possess identical polynomials. It is therefore important to close this gap in the theory. The proof that knot polynomials are reciprocal polynomials will be effected in Sections 2 and 3 by introducing the notion of dual group presentations, the crucial examples of which are the over and under presentations of knot groups defined in Chapter VI. It should be emphasized that our arguments apply only to tame knots, and throughout this chapter “knot” always means “tame knot.”
A Simplified Satellite Navigation System for an Autonomous Mars Roving Vehicle

The use of a retroflecting satellite and a laser rangefinder to navigate a Martian roving vehicle is considered in this paper. It is shown that a simple system can be employed to perform this task. An error analysis is performed on the navigation equations and it is shown that the error inherent in the scheme proposed can be minimized by the proper choice of measurement geometry. A nonlinear programming approach is used to minimize the navigation error subject to constraints that are due to geometric and laser requirements. The problem is solved for a particular set of laser parameters and the optimal solution is presented.
Changes in Mindful Parenting: Associations With Changes in Parenting, Parent–Youth Relationship Quality, and Youth Behavior

AbstractObjective: There is growing interest in mindful parenting and how this form of intentional, compassionate interactions with youth are associated with developmental outcomes. We investigated...
Transparent, Conductive and Lightweight Superstrates for Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

We have developed superstrates for perovskite solar cells that feature increased transparency and conductivity due to the incorporation of effectively transparent contacts (ETCs). They increase the short-circuit current density by more than 1 mA/cm2 compared to standard indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass superstrates. These ETC superstrates are composed of sodalime glass with a thin $( \sim 40 \mu \mathrm {m})$ layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that features triangular cross-section microscale grooves, which are infilled with a conductive silver ink and subsequently coated by a thin $( \sim 30$ nm) ITO layer such that high lateral conductivity $( < 5 \Omega /$sq) is achieved without altering the surface properties of standard perovskite superstrates.
Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Power-Aware Computing and Systems

It is our great pleasure to introduce the HotPower'11 program. We received 38 submissions and collected 123 reviews for them. Each paper received 3-4 reviews, at least two of which were from program committee members. Based on the reviews and discussions during the program committee conference call, we selected 10 of the submissions for presentation at the workshop.
Digital Subtraction Angiography Of The Human Cardiovascular System

The application of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for imaging of the human cardiovascular system is described using new, specifically designed research equipment. The system provides the ability to obtain real time or off-line subtraction images from digital data. Results show that DSA, performed by the intravenous injection of contrast material, can provide images comparable to conventional angiography in multiple areas of the cardiovascular system and on an outpatient basis.
Constant Approximation Algorithm for Nonuniform Capacitated Multi-Item Lot Sizing via Strong Covering Inequalities

We study the nonuniform capacitated multi-item lot-sizing problem. In this problem, there is a set of demands over a planning horizon of T discrete time periods, and all demands must be satisfied o...
Concussion Knowledge and Clinical Experience Among Athletic Trainers: Implications for Concussion Health Care Practices.

Context Athletic trainers (ATs) are heavily involved in concussion assessment and return-to-play (RTP) decision making. Despite ATs' crucial role, few researchers have directly examined ATs' knowledge of concussions or whether concussion knowledge or clinical experience affects clinical concussion-management practices. Objective To determine the overall concussion knowledge of ATs and whether concussion knowledge and clinical experience affect concussion-assessment and -management practices. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Online survey. Patients or other participants Random convenience sample of 8725 (15.0% response rate [1307/8725]; certified, 14.8 ± 10.6 years) ATs surveyed from the National Athletic Trainers' Association membership. Main outcome measure(s) The survey collected demographics, concussion-assessment and -management tools used, and concussion knowledge (patient-clinician scenarios, signs and symptoms recognition). We used multiple logistic regression models to determine the odds ratios (ORs) for using assessment and management tools based on signs and symptoms recognition and years of clinical experience. Results The ATs correctly identified 78.0% ± 15.1% of concussion signs and symptoms. Approximately 46% (357/770) of ATs indicated an athlete could RTP if the athlete stated he or she had a "bell rung." Every additional year of clinical experience decreased the odds of using standardized sideline-assessment tools by 3% (OR = 0.97, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.95, 0.99). The odds of using standardized sideline tools (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96, 0.99) and symptom checklists (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97, 0.99) for RTP assessment were significantly decreased for each additional year of clinical experience. No other tools used for RTP assessment were influenced by signs and symptoms recognition (P ≥ .136) or clinical experience (P ≥ .158). Conclusions The ATs with greater clinical experience had lower odds of using concussion-assessment and -management tools. Athletic trainers should frequently review and implement current consensus guidelines into clinical practice to improve concussion recognition and prevent improper management.
Momentary borderline personality disorder symptoms in youth as a function of parental invalidation and youth-perceived support

BACKGROUND Parental invalidation is central to etiological models of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Previous studies relied on retrospective accounts or laboratory observations to examine these associations. There is a dearth of research assessing these constructs in daily life, and limited studies have tested the effect of parental invalidation on BPD symptoms during early adolescence, when BPD onsets. The current study took a dynamic approach to assess parents' validating and invalidating behavior and its effect on youths' BPD symptom expression in daily life, while accounting for parent-perceived helpfulness of these behaviors and youth-perceived support. METHODS A psychiatric sample of 162 early adolescents (age range = 10-14 years; 47% female) and their parent completed a four-day ecological momentary assessment study. Parents reported on the use of validating and invalidating (e.g. punishing and ignoring) behaviors during parent-child conflict, as well as perceived helpfulness of these behaviors. Youth reported on their BPD symptoms and perceived parental support. Multilevel models were used to test the between- and within-person effects of parents' validating and invalidating behaviors, parent-perceived helpfulness and youth-perceived support, and their interaction on youth's momentary expression of BPD symptoms. RESULTS At the between-person level, invalidating behaviors, specifically punishing behaviors, were related to greater BPD symptoms in daily life, while ignoring behaviors were associated with fewer BPD symptoms. Youth-perceived support predicted fewer BPD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Results underscore the importance of parental invalidation for the expression of BPD symptoms in daily life and also highlight the importance of youth's subjective experience of parental support. Findings are discussed in terms of etiological and intervention models that emphasize a dyadic framework.
Telehealth was beneficial during COVID-19 for older Americans: A qualitative study with physicians.

Background Individuals aged 65 and older face unique barriers to adoption of telehealth, and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has provided a "natural experiment" in how to meet the health needs of older patients remotely. Physician perspectives on practical considerations surrounding telehealth adoption, motivations of use, and reasons for nonuse are necessary to inform the future of healthcare delivery. The objective is to understand the experiences of physicians using telemedicine for older patients. Methods From September to November 2020, we conducted 30-min semi-structured interviews using purposeful sampling to identify and enroll participants from diverse settings. We included 48 U.S.-based physicians (geriatrician, n = 18, primary care, n = 15, emergency, n = 15) from all geographic regions, rural-urban and academic/community settings. Audio-recorded interviews were professionally transcribed and analyzed using framework analysis. Major themes and subthemes were identified. Results Participants had a median (interquartile range) age of 37.5 (34-44.5), 27 (56%) were women. Five major themes emerged: (1) telehealth uptake was rapid and iterative, (2) telehealth improved the safety of medical care, (3) use cases were specialty-specific (for geriatricians and primary care physicians telehealth substituted for in-person visits; for emergency physicians it primarily supplemented in-person visits), (4) physicians altered clinical care to overcome older patient barriers to telehealth use, and (5) telehealth use among physicians declined in mid-April 2020, due primarily to patient needs and administrator preferences, not physician factors. Conclusion In this qualitative analysis, physicians reported a rapid, iterative uptake of telehealth and attenuation of use as coronavirus disease 2019 prevalence declined. Physician experiences during the pandemic can inform interventions and policies to help buoy telehealth for ongoing healthcare delivery and ensure its accessibility for older Americans.
A Study of Entrepreneur and Small Businesses' Required Returns and Empirical Observation of Actual Entrepreneurial Returns Attained

The purpose of this study was to examine previous literature on Entrepreneurs’ and small businesses’ (hereinafter simply, Entrepreneurs) required rates of return coupled with empirical observation of small business returns. It is hoped that this study provides Entrepreneurs with a guideline of what they should expect to earn in the marketplace given the risk they take coupled with an analysis of what actually has happened. Previous returns were compiled from the Institute of Business Appraisers (IBA) database of small business sales from the years 1982 to 2000. Additionally, publicly traded, large company earnings and returns were gathered for the same time frame from Standard and Poor’s (S&P) Compustat database. Both sets of data are large samples, approximately 11,000 from IBA and 19,000 from S&P. Thus, it is assumed that statistical power of sampling error is minimized and returns reflect approximate reality.
The Clinician’s Role in Improving Therapeutic Adherence and Blood Pressure Control in Older Hypertensive Patients

The prevalence of high blood pressure (BP), particularly isolated systolic hypertension, rises sharply with age along with the incidence of heart failure, stroke, and coronary heart disease (CHD) (1, 2, 3). Antihypertensive treatment reduces these adverse outcomes, especially in older hypertensive patients. Unfortunately, hypertension control to less than 140/90 mmHg declines as a function of age and largely reflects inadequate control of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and largely represents the challenges in controlling systolic hypertension (4,5). Systolic hypertension dominates diastolic as a cardiovascular risk factor in older patients (1,6). The progressive rise of SBP with aging coupled with the poorer control of systolic hypertension is a major contributor to preventable cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. More than 57% of uncontrolled hypertension in the United States is accounted for by hypertensive patients 65 years of age and older, who are seen an average of four times annually for health care (7). Thus, providers have multiple opportunities to improve BP control rates through prescribing affordable and effective medication regimens and by promoting adherence.
Towards an American Indian Indigenous Theology

An indigenous American Indian theology must respond, first of all, out of the ongoing oppression of Indian communities. This means that our indigenous theologies must be explicitly and unashamedly political. After 500 years of colonialism and conquest, we must begin, in this process, to find ways to reclaim our own indigenous identities. As we struggle theologically with the residual effects of colonialism and conquest, this means that we will struggle to maintain or reclaim our cultures and our languages. We must assure our colonizer/missionary relatives that our peoples were in touch with the Creator long before the European colonialist ancestors brought the gospel of Jesus Christ to us. From this point on, we indigenous peoples must focus on rebuilding our national (indigenous) communities and not on building churches. That should be the substance of our theological reflection today. So our theologies must necessarily deconstruct the theological discourses of the colonialist Euro-Western churches that have missionized and continue to missionize our peoples. This has to be our starting point before we can reconstruct useful ways of organizing our lives together as indigenous communities.
DSM - I and DSM - II

In the early 1950s the psychiatric profession produced a new classification of psychiatric disorders: the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. This manual addressed the need of community-based clinicians to classify the various conditions that their outpatients presented. It was driven by psychodynamic assumptions that were more concerned with the underlying problems patients had than with the overt symptoms they displayed. Thus, its definitions, as well as those in its successor, the DSM-II , were short, general, and infused with theory. As psychiatry became more research oriented and biologically grounded in the 1970s, the DSM-I and DSM-II were no longer suitable classificatory manuals. They were replaced by the symptom-based and theoretically neutral DSM-III in 1980. This and its successors have guided psychiatric classifications until the present. Keywords: diagnosis; neurosis; psychiatry; psychoanalysis; society
Twenty five years of the "psychosine hypothesis": a personal perspective of its history and present status.

Twenty five years ago in 1972, a hypothesis was introduced to explain the pathogenetic mechanism underlying the unusual cellular and biochemical characteristics of globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease). It postulated that galactosylsphingosine (psychosine), which cannot be degraded due to the underlying genetic defect, is responsible for the very rapid loss of the oligodendrocytes and the consequent paradoxical analytical finding, the lack of accumulation of the primary substrate, galactosylceramide, in patients' brain. It took nearly ten years before the actual accumulation of psychosine was demonstrated in human Krabbe patients and also in the brain of twitcher mice, an equivalent murine mutant. Meanwhile this “psychosine hypothesis” has been extended to Gaucher disease and then to a more general hypothesis encompassing all sphingolipidoses that the “lyso-derivatives” of the primary sphingolipid substrates of the defective enzymes in respective disorders play a key role in their pathogenesis. Some of these extensions not only remain speculative without conclusive factual evidence but may eventually turn out to be an overstretching. This article attempts, from my personal perspective, at tracing historical development of the “psychosine hypothesis” and examining its current status and possible future directions.
Shoe-Print Extraction from Latent Images Using CRF

Shoeprints are one of the most commonly found evidences at crime scenes. A latent shoeprint is a photograph of the impressions made by a shoe on the surface of its contact. Latent shoeprints can be used for identification of suspects in a forensic case by narrowing down the search space. This is done by elimination of the type of shoe, by matching it against a set of known shoeprints (captured impressions of many different types of shoes on a chemical surface). Manual identification is laborious and hence the domain seeks automated methods. The critical step in automatic shoeprint identification is Shoeprint Extraction - defined as the problem of isolating the shoeprint foreground (impressions of the shoe) from the remaining elements (background and noise). We formulate this problem as a labeling problem as that of labeling different regions of a latent image as foreground (shoeprint) and background. The matching of these extracted shoeprints to the known prints largely depends on the quality of the extracted shoeprint from latent print. The labeling problem is naturally formulated as a machine learning task and in this paper we present an approach using Conditional Random Fields(CRFs) to solve this problem. The model exploits the inherent long range dependencies that exist in the latentprint and hence is more robust than approaches using neural networks and other binarization algorithms. A dataset comprising of 45 shoeprint images was carefully prepared to represent typical latent shoeprint images. Experimental results on this data set are promising and support our claims above.
A RATIONAL APPROACH TO ACID-BASE THERAPY IN THE NEWBORN: A COMMENTARY

Although the phenomenon of severe acidosis in the depressed neonate is now widely appreciated, our understanding of both pathogenesis and clinical significance of this disturbance is still incomplete. The fall in blood pH under such circumstances is usually due to accumulation of both carbon dioxide and titratable non-volatile acid; the latter feature is explained in part by bicarbonate redistribution in response to hypercapnia and in part by addition to the blood of organic acid in response to hypoxia. In the hypoxic infant, elevations of the blood lactate level often fall short of the change in the concentration of blood titratable acid as reflected by the blood "base excess;"1,2 and, in recent experimental studies on this problem we found that, in (constantly) normocapnic dogs, acute severe hypoxia leads to a rapid fall in blood "base excess" before any appreciable rise in lactate levels occurs. Because conventional "physiological-type" acid-base terminological systems do not allow for the presence of secondary noncompensatory variables, the "high Pco2-low base excess" type of acidosis so characteristic of the asphyxiated newborn is not easily classifled in terms of conventional acid-base diagnostic categories. Far from representing a "misinterpretation of negative "base excess values," as stated by Nelson and Riegel, classification of this particular disturbance as a "mixed acidosis" appears reasonable in view of the evidence described in the foregoing; actually, the identical diagnostic attitude is implicit in Nelson and Riegel paper. On the other hand, we wish to emphasize that both bicarbonate redistribution and accumulation of organic acids are secondary to the primary pulmonary insufficiency, and that both are rapidly reversible upon restoration of adequate pulmonary function.
Direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol by nitrous oxide

Publisher Summary In the early 1990's it was reported that N 2 O emissions from adipic acid producers could contribute to atmospheric ozone depletion and global warming. It was estimated that adipic acid production may account for up to 10% of the annual increase in the atmospheric N 2 O. The ketone-alcohol (KA) to adipic acid yields are near 94% of the theory. Glutaric and succinic acids are the major byproducts and account for most of the yield loss. Monsanto and some other adipic acid producers recover or upgrade these to salable byproducts, resulting in an overall KA utilization efficiency that approaches 99%. Two general areas of utilization were considered: oxidation of N 2 O to NO and subsequent conversion to nitric acid and the use of N 2 O as a selective oxidant. The latter had the potential of satisfying the criterion of value addition. Benzene can be reacted with nitrous oxide in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures over ZSM-5 or similar catalysts to give phenol and nitrogen. The reaction has very high selectivity of benzene conversion to phenol (>99%). A further step was taken to incorporate the phenol scheme into an overall adipic acid process. The process would use N 2 O to hydroxylate benzene to phenol. The phenol would be hydrogenated to cyclohexanone using available technology. The final step is the currently practiced nitric acid oxidation of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone that returns N 2 O for use in the front end of the process. The successful commercialization of the overall process concept depended on the viability of the first step that is a breakthrough technology.
Securing the Elderly Body: Dementia, Surveillance, and the Politics of "Aging in Place"

Aging in place, the option to grow old in one's home instead of institutional healthcare facilities, is predicated on the development of technologies and resources that network patients, caregivers, medical personnel, and third party interlocutors. Monitoring systems and other information technologies are broadly considered to be the most promising means to establish these connections, and home care technologies for elderly people with dementia comprise one of the fastest growing areas of commercial development. Grounded in the political economy of aging and understood as surveillance, monitoring technologies for the elderly highlight sociopolitical responses to aging and dementia and raise critical questions about caregiving, quality of life, and the way technological design engages with everyday rights. This paper will analyze surveillance technologies for the elderly with attention to issues of power and inequality, and how these dynamics may or may not be considered in technological design for the oldest populations