cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complexity, Mental Frames, and Neglect

Many decision contexts require economic actors to learn from something they do not see, yet corresponding evidence on people’s cognition is scarce. In a tightly structured and transparent laboratory experiment, many subjects fully neglect what they do not see. A series of treatment variations uncovers that such neglect arises because a particular aspect of complexity induces an excessively narrow mental frame, so that people do not even notice or think about what they do not see. Thus, complexity generates errors in deliberate – and highly confident – statistical reasoning through its effect on how people mentally frame updating problems.
Immunology of Syphilis

Syphilis has been a controversial disease since it was first recognized in Europe in the late fifteenth century. Historians debate its origins; physicians, its manifestations; epidemiologists, methods for its control; microbiologists, the metabolism and structure of its etiological agent, Treponema pallidum; and immunologists, the comparative roles of humoral and cellular immunity in protection against or the pathogenesis of this disease. As a result, the volume of writing on syphilis is enormous. That reviewed in this chapter deals primarily with the biology and immunology of T. pallidum published since the monograph by Turner and Hollander (1957) and the bibliographical review by Willcox and Guthe (1966). A recent symposium on the biology of parasitic spirochetes (Johnson, 1976) describes many of the recent advances in the immunobiology of syphilis.
Thermally Induced Aggregation of Color Centers in Sodium Fluoride

The aggregation of F or F′ centers or both in NaF was studied via the changing optical absorption spectra observed during warming to 344°K immediately following low-temperature (80°K) X-irradiation. The extensive X-irradiation causes the formation of a large F'-center absorption (OD > 3) which has a peak at 470 mµ. Thermally induced bleaching of F' centers is accompanied by the formation of M centers, which were found to reach a maximum concentration at 318°K. A new band with a peak at 725 mµ was observed to grow in, reach a maximum at 283°K, and then disappear. Standing at room temperature, after thermal treatment, causes a decrease in the F and M1 bands and increase in the R2 (440-mµ) and Rl (400-mµ) bands and in bands at 570 mµ and 870 mµ. F-center aggregation in NaF is not great, nor is aggregation enhanced by allowing the crystal to stand at room temperature as happens in KCl
Novel Molecular and Genetic Prognostic Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is responsible for 3% of all deaths in the Western world in men over 55 yr of age. An urgent yet challenging priority in cancer biology is to detect or identify the sequential genetic and epigenetic events early enough through characterizing cancer-associated genes and their protein products. At a specific stage, biomarkers reflect the physiologic state of a cell and might be vital for the identification of early cancer and subjects at risk of developing cancer. Biomarkers have become an important diagnostic tool in prostate cancer. With the advent and recent successes in functional genomics and proteomics, we are experiencing growing interest in discovering more molecular-based prognostic factors that could be utilized to assay the original needle biopsy specimen to tailor the primary treatment for individual prostate cancer patients. As targeted therapy in oncology becomes increasingly powerful, there is a significant interest in finding prognostic markers in prostate cancer that could be used as targets for novel biotherapies. This chapter discusses a series of existing and emerging molecular-based prognostic markers generated from the ongoing research in genomic, genetic, and proteomic approaches that identify molecular signatures such as gene expression profiles.
Viaje maldito en “La universidad desconocida”, de Roberto Bolaño

This paper focuses on the seldom studied poetry of Roberto Bolano, using "La Universidad Desconocida", the exhaustive compilation published posthumously in 2007. Although Bolano received wide recognition and many awards for his novels, he defined himself as a poet. In his poetry, we find the same topics and tendencies that he developed in the characters and plots of his narratives. A prime example is "Los detectives salvajes", a novel about a group of young rebel poets in the Mexico of the seventies. Bolano’s poet characters, as well as his travels, exiles and criticisms of the literary establishment, take on a new light when compared alongside his poetry. this article explores the modes of poetic production as understood by Bolano, as a way of life outside universities, the literary canon, and any other institutional networks. Instead, his poetic production is marked by the figure of Arthur Rimbaud as the archetype of the cursed poet.
Will the Real School Psychologist Please Stand Up: Is the Past a Prologue for the Future of School Psychology? The Consolidation of the Profession.

(1994). Will The Real School Psychologist Please Stand Up: Is The Past a Prologue for the Future of School Psychology? School Psychology Review: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 589-600.
Fast Algorithms for Computing Interim Allocations in Single-Parameter Environments

Myerson’s seminal work characterized optimal auctions; applied naively, however, his approach yields exponential-time algorithms. Using Border’s theorem, in contrast, one can solve mechanism design problems in polynomial time. This latter approach relies on linear programming machinery, the mechanics of which are significantly more complicated than Myerson’s. Motivated by the simplicity and transparency of Myerson’s analysis, we present fast algorithms for computing interim allocations in simple auction settings. These methods apply to both surplus and revenue maximization, and yield ex-ante symmetric solutions.
Conditional pricing of earnings quality

Abstract I reconsider the pricing effects of earnings quality in the context of conditional asset pricing models. A two-stage regression estimation procedure similar to the procedure described by Lettau and Ludvigson (2001) is employed. Given a conditional two-factor model consisting of the market portfolio and an earnings quality factor, I find evidence for the pricing of earnings quality risk. Earnings quality risk premium and conditional betas vary with economic states. My results stand in contrast to that of Core et al. (2008) whose specifications include an unconditional version of the same two factor model.
Extended π-Conjugated Structures via Dehydrative C-C Coupling.

We describe a methodology for the synthesis of extended aromatic structures through dehydrative C–C coupling from readily accessible diols. Treatment of the diols with a Bronsted acid (para-toluenesulfonic acid) induces the nucleophilic addition of an arene or heteroarene, yielding fully aromatic products in high to quantitative yields with thiophenes, furan, indole, and N,N-dimethylaniline as coupling partners. The C–C coupling reactions proceed under mild, open flask conditions and offer high atom economy, while providing an attractive alternative approach to metal-catalyzed cross-coupling.
A Consideration of the Seven Sins of Memory in the Context of Creative Cognition

Schacter’s (2001) work on The Seven Sins of Memory conceptualized and communicated many of the failures of memory and their critical role in cognition. At the heart of the framework is the idea tha...
Fractional Linear Transformations

In this chapter we review the basic properties of fractional linear transformations. For the convenience of the reader, we start from scratch and derive the properties we need. The point of view here is strictly one complex dimensional; isometries of hyperbolic spaces will be developed in Chapter IV.
Self-Control and Affect Regulation Styles Predict Anxiety Longitudinally in University Students

The performance and well-being of university students is influenced by many factors, including self-control and affect regulation, but little is known about how these factors relate. We therefore analyzed data from a multi-site research project that assessed trait self-control, affect regulation, and anxiety in a longitudinal cohort design (N = 1314) using structural equation modeling. We specifically tested hypotheses that trait self-control, assessed upon entering school, would predict anxiety outcomes during students’ third year, and this relationship would be mediated by affect regulation styles (adaptive or maladaptive). We found that greater self-control did predict lower third-year anxiety, even after accounting for anxiety levels upon entering school. Furthermore, this relationship was partially mediated by maladaptive affect regulation, where students with greater self-control endorsed less use of maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., denial, self-blame), which in turn predicted less subsequent anxiety. In contrast, adaptive coping strategies did not mediate the relationship between trait self-control and anxiety. These findings highlight trait self-control as an important predictor of anxiety, and they identify maladaptive affect regulation as a target for interventions to promote student well-being and success.
Seismocardiography and Machine Learning Algorithms to Assess Clinical Status of Patients with Heart Failure in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Introduction Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is an important risk stratification tool in patients (pts) with heart failure (HF); measures such as peak VO2, VE/VCO2 slope have prognostic value in HF pts to determine whether a patient needs advanced heart therapy or not. In our previous studies, we have shown that wearable chest patch based seismocardiogram (SCG) signals can be used to estimate features from CPET and SCG can be used to differentiate between compensated (C) and decompensated (D) pts with HF following exercise (6 minute walk test). Hypothesis We hypothesized that changes in SCG features from rest to peak exercise would be less in D pts compared to C pts, as D pts have less cardiovascular reserve to meet elevated cardiac demand during higher exercise intensity. Methods We conducted CPET using ramp bicycle in 6 C pts (50% had HF, 100% men, ejection fraction [EF] 0.61 ± 0.18) and 5 D pts (100% had HF, 40% men, EF 0.41 ± 0.29). SCG and ECG signals were simultaneously recorded using our custom-built wearable chest patch (Fig. 1a). We have segmented these signals into heart beats and averaged the beats with a moving average window and extracted features (amplitude, frequency and time domain) from the SCG. We combined the SCG features (beat-by-beat) using dimension reduction techniques and compared the changes in SCG features from rest to different exercise intensity levels, by calculating the distance of a distribution for a particular intensity to rest distribution. We have compared the changes in SCG with exercise intensity between C and D pts (classified based on CPET results). Results We found that normalized distance matrix (NDM) increased significantly (p 0.05) between AT and peak exercise and then decreased slightly (p>0.05) into recovery (peak NDM of 1.73 ± 0.16 for VO2-max of 9.83 ± 1.27 mL/kg/min). Difference in NDM from AT to peak exercise was higher (p=0.08) for C pts (0.29 ± 0.14) compared to D pts (0.09 ± 0.13). Conclusions Wearable SCG and ECG measurements can be used to assess clinical status by monitoring hemodynamic responses to exercise. This wearable device can potentially be used as a risk stratifying device in pts with HF by tracking hemodynamic parameters in daily activities.
Biomechanical Response to Distraction of Hip Capsular Reconstruction With Human Acellular Dermal Patch Graft.

Purpose To quantify the biomechanical properties of the hip capsule with human dermal allograft reconstruction to determine whether a dermal patch restored capsular resistance to distraction. Methods Nine cadaveric hip specimens were dissected until capsule and bony structures remained and were then mounted in a testing fixture in neutral flexion and abduction. Four states of the hip capsule were sequentially tested under axial distraction of 5 mm measured with video analysis and with resultant force measurement: (1) intact hip capsule, (2) interportal capsulotomy, (3) capsulectomy to the zona orbicularis, and (4) capsular reconstruction with human dermal allograft using acetabular anchors and capsule-to-patch sutures. Results Capsulectomy was different from intact (P = .036), capsulotomy differed from capsulectomy (P = .012), and the repair was statistically significantly different from capsulectomy (P = .042); intact and reconstructed cases were not statistically significantly different. The force required for 5 mm of distraction decreased after interportal capsulotomy by an average of 9% compared with the intact state and further decreased after capsulectomy by 30% compared with the intact state. After capsular reconstruction using dermal allograft, force requirements increased by an average of 36% from the capsulectomy state, only 5% below the intact state. Conclusions Human dermal allograft tissue graft provides restoration of distractive strength for use during hip capsule reconstruction with acetabular anchor fixation and distal soft-tissue fixation after capsulectomy in a cadaveric model. Clinical Relevance Capsular repair or reconstruction with a dermal patch offers time-zero restoration of function; intact and reconstructed cases showed no difference, and reconstruction restored a capsulectomy to a biomechanical equivalent of the intact case when distraction was applied.
Tumor protein 53 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia: conventional induction chemotherapy or novel therapeutics.

Purpose of review Tumor protein 53 (TP53) protein is involved in fundamental processes of cancer, aging, and DNA repair. Thus, TP53 dysfunction is implicated in malignant processes and remains the most commonly mutated gene in cancer but represents a relatively small proportion in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients with TP53-mutated AML attain inferior responses to therapy resulting in poor overall outcomes. Recent findings Traditional treatment approaches with conventional chemotherapy yields suboptimal responses for patients with TP53 mutant AML compared with wildtype TP53. In recent years, there is increasing interest in understanding the role and underlying biology of TP53 mutations in AML with efforts to harness the physiological tumor suppressive function of TP53 protein. Novel combination and targeted therapies may contribute to improved outcomes; however, responses to therapy may be short-lived and ongoing research is indicated to evaluate relapse-risk reduction strategies. These patients may benefit from consideration of enrollment in clinical trials or lower intensity therapy approaches in lieu of intensive chemotherapy. Summary Pharmacological treatments targeting the TP53 pathway in addition to novel emerging therapeutics and immunotherapy-based approaches hold promise for treatment of TP53 mutant AML.
Peanut nitrogen credits to winter wheat are negligible under conservation tillage management in the southeastern USA

Abstract Agricultural extension services in many peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)-producing regions recommend that farmers reduce nitrogen (N) fertilization rates, or apply N credits, to crops planted after peanut but do not typically specify how peanut residue management or planting schedules of subsequent crops affect the magnitude of peanut N credits. The objective of this study was to quantify peanut N credits to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a conservation tillage cropping system in different subtropical growing environments. A five site-year study was conducted in Florida, USA beginning in 2016. A split-plot experimental design was arranged in which summer crop [peanut, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and weed-free fallow] was the main plot factor, while N rate (0, 34, 67, and 101 kg N ha−1) to winter wheat was the split plot factor. Peanut and cotton were planted under strip-tillage, while winter wheat was drilled into peanut and cotton residues and weed-free fallow plots without tillage. Although peanut residues accumulated 54–93 kg N ha−1, plant available N at winter wheat planting in the 0–15 cm soil depth range of former peanut plots was only higher than in former cotton or fallow plots for one site-year. A previous peanut crop did not affect winter wheat grain yield, but there were cases of lower grain yield, grain N removal, and agronomic efficiency following cotton relative to peanut depending on site. Nonlinear regression procedures predicted that N rates required to optimize grain yields following peanut would exceed 94 kg N ha−1, further indicating the absence of detectible peanut N credits in this study. These results suggest that assuming peanut provides N credits to subsequent crops in the southeastern USA is not justified and, if assumed, will reduce the productivity of subsequent crops.
Rapid capture and SERS detection of triclosan using a silver nanoparticle core - protein satellite substrate.

Abstract Triclosan (TCS) is a synthetic antimicrobial compound that has been widely used in consumer products. However, increasing evidence suggests adverse effects of TCS to human health and environment, raising great public concerns. The existing methods for detecting TCS are limited to time-consuming and complicated procedure. Here, we developed a rapid method for capture and detection of TCS using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based on a silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) core – protein satellite nanostructure. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) assembled on Ag NPs as satellites configuration could anchor a large number of TCS molecules close to the surface of Ag NPs, producing amplified SERS signals. As low as 50 nM TCS standard was successfully detected within 30 min. We also demonstrated its capability for TCS detection in pond water. The developed SERS method holds a great promise for rapid screening of TCS in environmental and food samples.
Sphere estimation network: three-dimensional nuclei detection of fluorescence microscopy images.

Purpose: Fluorescence microscopy visualizes three-dimensional subcellular structures in tissue with two-photon microscopy achieving deeper penetration into tissue. Nuclei detection, which is essential for analyzing tissue for clinical and research purposes, remains a challenging problem due to the spatial variability of nuclei. Recent advancements in deep learning techniques have enabled the analysis of fluorescence microscopy data to localize and segment nuclei. However, these localization or segmentation techniques would require additional steps to extract characteristics of nuclei. We develop a 3D convolutional neural network, called Sphere Estimation Network (SphEsNet), to extract characteristics of nuclei without any postprocessing steps. Approach: To simultaneously estimate the center locations of nuclei and their sizes, SphEsNet is composed of two branches to localize nuclei center coordinates and to estimate their radii. Synthetic microscopy volumes automatically generated using a spatially constrained cycle-consistent adversarial network are used for training the network because manually generating 3D real ground truth volumes would be extremely tedious. Results: Three SphEsNet models based on the size of nuclei were trained and tested on five real fluorescence microscopy data sets from rat kidney and mouse intestine. Our method can successfully detect nuclei in multiple locations with various sizes. In addition, our method was compared with other techniques and outperformed them based on object-level precision, recall, and F1 score. Our model achieved 89.90% for F1 score. Conclusions: SphEsNet can simultaneously localize nuclei and estimate their size without additional steps. SphEsNet can be potentially used to extract more information from nuclei in fluorescence microscopy images.
Arcuate Uterus as an Independent Risk Factor for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to estimate the association between arcuate uterus and pregnancy outcomes using controls selected from a similarly high-risk cohort. STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective cohort study of women with an arcuate uterus cared for by a single maternal-fetal medicine practice from 2005 to 2020. We included all women with a singleton pregnancy ≥20 weeks and diagnosis of arcuate uterus and randomly selected (3:1) patients with a singleton pregnancy and no uterine anomaly from the same practice as controls. Baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and independent samples t-test were used for data analysis, as indicated. RESULTS A total of 37 women with an arcuate uterus (55 independent singleton pregnancies) and 165 controls were included. There were no differences in baseline characteristics. Women with an arcuate uterus had a significantly higher rate of spontaneous preterm birth less than 37 weeks (10.9 vs. 3.0%, p = 0.031) and were more likely to require vaginal progesterone (5.5 vs. 0.6%, p = 0.049) and administration of antenatal corticosteroids (16.4 vs. 5.5%, p = 0.020). Arcuate uterus was also associated with lower birthweight (3,028.1 ± 528.0 vs. 3257.2 ± 579.9 g, p = 0.010) and higher incidence of intrauterine fetal growth restriction (20.0 vs. 7.3%, p = 0.008), despite similar starting body mass index (BMI) and weight gain throughout pregnancy. There were no differences in preeclampsia, malpresentation, cesarean delivery, blood transfusion, retained placenta, or morbidly adherent placenta. CONCLUSION Arcuate uterus is associated with a significantly increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth (<37 weeks), need for vaginal progesterone for short cervix and antenatal corticosteroids, fetal growth restriction, and lower mean birthweight. These findings suggest that arcuate uterus is not just a normal variant of uterine anatomy but rather a risk factor for poor fetal growth, short cervix, and a higher risk pregnancy. KEY POINTS · Arcuate uterus is associated with increased risk of preterm birth and fetal growth restriction.. · Women with arcuate uteri had higher rates of vaginal progesterone use during pregnancy.. · Arcuate uterus should be treated as a true finding rather than a normal anatomical variant..
Sampling-based motion planning for robotic information gathering

We propose an incremental sampling-based motion planning algorithm that generates maximally informative trajectories for guiding mobile robots to observe their environment. The goal is to find a trajectory that maximizes an information metric (e.g., variance reduction, information gain, or mutual information) and also falls within a pre-specified budget constraint (e.g., fuel, energy, or time). Prior algorithms have employed combinatorial optimization techniques to solve these problems, but existing techniques are typically restricted to discrete domains and often scale poorly in the size of the problem. Our proposed Rapidly-exploring Information Gathering (RIG) algorithm extends ideas from Rapidly-exploring Random Graphs (RRGs) and combines them with branch and bound techniques to achieve efficient optimization of information gathering while also allowing for operation in continuous space with motion constraints. We provide a rigorous analysis of the asymptotic optimality of our approach, and we present several conservative pruning strategies for modular, submodular, and time-varying information objectives. We demonstrate that our proposed approach finds optimal solutions more quickly than existing combinatorial solvers, and we provide a proof-ofconcept field implementation on an autonomous surface vehicle performing a wireless signal strength monitoring task in a lake.
Development and evaluation of an ammonia bidirectional flux parameterization for air quality models

[1] Ammonia is an important contributor to particulate matter in the atmosphere and can significantly impact terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Surface exchange between the atmosphere and biosphere is a key part of the ammonia cycle. New modeling techniques are being developed for use in air quality models that replace current ammonia emissions from fertilized crops and ammonia dry deposition with a bidirectional surface flux model including linkage to a detailed biogeochemical and farm management model. Recent field studies involving surface flux measurements over crops that predominate in North America have been crucial for extending earlier bidirectional flux models toward more realistic treatment of NH3 fluxes for croplands. Comparisons of the ammonia bidirection flux algorithm to both lightly fertilized soybeans and heavily fertilized corn demonstrate that the model can capture the magnitude and dynamics of observed ammonia fluxes, both net deposition and evasion, over a range of conditions with overall biases on the order of the uncertainty of the measurements. However, successful application to the field experiment in heavily fertilized corn required substantial modification of the model to include new parameterizations for in-soil diffusion resistance, ground quasi-laminar boundary layer resistance, and revised cuticular resistance that is dependent on in-canopy NH3 concentration and RH at the leaf surface. This new bidirectional flux algorithm has been incorporated in an air quality modeling system, which also includes an implementation of a soil nitrification model.
Processing California Bastnasite Ore.

A study was made to develop an economical method of preparing pure rare earth nitrate mixture from volved leaching the calcined ore with nitric aicid. The proccss is discussed under the following headings: calcination of the ore, leaching of calcine, filtration studies, solvcnt cxtraction, and nitric acid recovery. Results obtained from the study showed that over 98% of the rare earths could be recovered. About 18% of the nitric acid fed to the leaching operation was combined with rare earths or was lost in the nitric acid recovery operation. (J.H.M.)
Who's talking about the future?

Abstract What are people actually saying when they are talking and writing about the future? The paper rests on two premises; that the future is essentially a construct of human thought, and that one method of knowing the future is to carefully examine the language used when “the future” is being talked about. The 13 inaugural addresses of the U.S. presidents since 1933 are systematically examined for evidences of their author's future orientation. The paper provides both factual data about the future consciousness of our presidents over the past 50 years, and also demonstrates the use of linguistic analysis for forecasting the future.
Do blacks and Hispanics evaluate assertive male and female characters differently

The purpose of this study was to examine whether black and Hispanic subjects would evaluate assertive speech differently when attributed to a male or female speaker. Cultural sexual stereotypes appeared to affect rater judgments. Black subjects evaluated the female characters, regardless of linguistic style, in more “positive”; terms, while Hispanic subjects tended to perceive the male characters as more “positive”;. These differential perceptions suggest that racial/ethnic background influences speaker evaluations and indicate that future research in gender Stereotypic language would benefit from a greater understanding of cultural dynamics.
Properties of Codes from Difference Sets in 2-Groups

A ( v, k, \lambda)-difference set D in a group G can be used to create a symmetric 2-( v, k, \lambda) design, \cal D, from which arises a code C, generated by vectors corresponding to the characteristic function of blocks of \cal D. This paper examines properties of the code C, and of a subcode, C^o=JC, where J is the radical of the group algebra of G over {\Bbb Z}_2. When G is a 2-group, it is shown that C^o is equivalent to the first-order Reed-Muller code, {\cal R}(1, 2s+2), precisely when the 2-divisor of C^o is maximal. In addition, ifD is a non-trivial difference set in an elementary abelian 2-group, and if D is generated by a quadratic bent function, then C^o is equal to a power of the radical. Finally, an example is given of a difference set whose characteristic function is not quadratic, although the 2-divisor of C^o is maximal.
DIII-D F-coil chopper selection, control and fault recognition system

The DIII-D fusion experiment uses 18 field-shaping coils (F-coils) to control the position and shape of a plasma discharge. The DIII-D F-coils are powered and controlled by configuring single or parallel operation of up to 50 modular, 3-kA, 3-kHz, 2-quadrant-switching power supplies (choppers) and nine DC power supplies. The DC power supplies provide the raw power for the choppers while the choppers control the current in the F-coils. The chopper selection, control, and fault-recognition system uses state-of-the-art computer bus switching networks and programmable array logic (PAL) circuitry. The chopper selection and control system uses the computer bus switching networks to select individual chopper controls for a specific F-coil. A fault system capable of managing over 100 faults was developed using flexible PAL circuitry programmed for the application. The fault system identifies the first fault to occur and takes appropriate action for controlled safe termination of a shot. Additional faults are flagged and new responses taken if required. >
Storage of pooled platelet concentrates. In vitro and in vivo analysis.

The use of sterile connecting devices will permit up to 5-day storage of pooled platelet concentrates (PCs). However, there are no data evaluating long-term storage of PCs pooled from multiple donors. Four units of ABO-compatible or -incompatible PCs were pooled and stored in single 300-ml PL-732 storage bags for up to 5 days. Results of in vitro assays showed acceptable storage values regardless of the ABO types in the pool. Pool pH on Day 5 was 6.83 ± 0.3 (mean ± 1 SD). The in vitro storage characteristics were comparable to those of unpooled age-matched platelets reported previously from our laboratory. For in vivo studies, 4-unit pools of ABO-compatible random-donor PCs stored for up to 96 hours in 1000-ml PL-732 bags were transfused into patients who were thrombocytopenic due to bone marrow failure, and the corrected count increments (CCI) were determined. In vivo results showed a mean 1-hour CCl of 11,368 ± 5824 for the pooled stored platelets and 7819 ± 5189 for unpooled controls (p>0.05). To evaluate the possibility that passenger lymphocytes in the concentrates would generate mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) in the pooling bag during storage, lymphocytes were studied over 5 days of storage by the use of monoclonal antibodies against activated T-cell markers and by 3H thymidine uptake. Results failed to show evidence of either the generation of activated T-cell markers or the uptake of 3H thymidine. We conclude that pooled stored PCs show acceptable in vitro and in vivo characteristics and do not generate MLR in the storage bag under routine blood bank storage conditions. Pooled stored PCs are acceptable for use in clinical transfusion practice.
Effect of contrast agent viscosity and injection flow velocity on bolus injection pressures for peripheral venous injection in first-pass myocardial perfusion studies

Myocardial perfusion imaging using Gd contrast agents is typically performed with bolus injections of the contrast agent using a power injector to provide for consistent and sufficiently rapid injection rates for all patients. For protocols in which a peripheral venous injection is called for (e.g. antecubital vein) injection catheters of 18 ga are used where vessel geometry permits. In some patients, particularly women with smaller veins, 20 and 22 ga catheters are used. The effect of catheter size and pressure tubing length can result in high injection pressures that occasionally cause leakage or connector failure. The viscosity of the contrast agent also impacts injection pressure. In this study, a simulation of the injection pathway was constructed with time resolved pressures measured at two points in the pathway. Pressure drops were calculated for a typical MR perfusion injection protocol.
Relationship between magnitude of resection, complication, and prosthetic survival after prosthetic knee reconstructions for distal femoral tumors.

Background and Objectives Limb-sparing surgery has become the preferred surgical treatment of malignant bone tumors. The objective of this study was to evaluate factors that influence the morbidity and outcome of prosthetic knee replacement after resection of malignant tumors of the distal femur. Methods Eighty-two patients who had a resection of malignant tumor of the distal femur and implantation of a segmental knee prosthesis (minimum follow-up, 2 years) were retrospectively reviewed. Results Twenty-nine patients (35%) underwent 32 prosthetic revisions, 6 from perioperative wound complications, 13 from aseptic loosening, and 13 from other complications. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year Kaplan-Meier prosthetic survival rates were 82%, 71%, and 50%, respectively. On univariate analysis, patients who had more than 40% resection of the distal femur (P = 0.010) and those who had all their vasti muscles resected (P = 0.011) had significantly worse prosthetic survivals than the others. On multivariate analysis, resection of more than 40% of the distal femur was a significant negative prognostic factor for prosthetic survival (P = 0.017). Aseptic loosening was the primary cause of late prosthetic failure. Differences in the magnitude of resection influenced prosthetic survivorship more than prosthetic design. Conclusions In the distal femoral endoprosthetic replacement, higher short- and long-term complications were found after extensive resections. Aseptic loosening was the primary cause of prosthetic failure. J. Surg. Oncol. 1999;70:109–115. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Result on a Feedback System of Ordinary Differential Equations

A monotone system of ordinary differential equations is considered. It is shown that the omega limit set of a bounded trajectory of this system contains an equilibrium point or a nonconstant periodic orbit. As an application, a four-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations of Lotka-Volterra type is presented. It is shown that if the interior equilibrium point of this system is unstable, then a periodic orbit is contained in the omega limit set of its bounded trajectories.
World Turned Upside Down? Rise of the global South and the contemporary global financial turbulence

Abstract By focusing on the consequences of the dismantling of regulations over the financial sector, the current debate on the causes of the global economic meltdown obscures the cyclical occurrence of speculation in capitalism, as the accumulation of more capital than can be profitably invested in the production and sale of commodities results in financial expansion. Historically financial expansion has signalled the end of one world-scale system of accumulation and the transition to a new system as capital flows from declining powers to rising powers. However, the contemporary period is distinguished by capital flows from rising powers to declining ones. An analysis of the current crisis suggests a reversal of this anomaly as it reduces the ability of China and other East Asian states to support the US dollar. At the same time ‘emerging market economies’ have begun to forge new relationships that could provide the framework for a new system of partnership between states and enterprises to reconstruct a...
Child Maltreatment Reporting by Educational Personnel: Implications for Racial Disproportionality in the Child Welfare System.

African American children are disproportionally overrepresented in the U.S. child protection system. Because educational personnel are a significant source of reports of suspected child maltreatment across the country and in all states, the present study examines the impact of these reports on racial disproportionality and disparity at the national, state, and local levels, with an examination of New York State specifically. Geographic information systems technology is used to report differences in county-level experiences through maps. This study's findings highlight that racial disproportionality and disparity in reporting by educational personnel exist at the national level and significantly differ within a state. These findings demand that efforts to address racially disproportionate and disparate reporting should be tailored to local experiences, and highlight the importance of involvement of school personnel, including school social workers, in these efforts. Language: en
Mathematical modeling of the hybrid III manikin head-neck structure

This paper presents results of an ongoing research program to develop data sets for mathematical models which accurately predict the head-neck kinematics and dynamics of anthropomorphic dummies in crash environments. The mathematical model utilized for this research was the Head-Spine Model (HSM), which was developed at the Armstrong Aeromedical Research Laboratory. In this study, the goal was to develop HSM data sets for the Hybrid III manikin head-neck structure. Modifications of the program source code were made in order to model the asymmetric bending properties of the neck. Data sets were developed, utilizing a 1-element and 4-element neck. The effect of the occipital condyle nodding block joint on head-neck kinematics and dynamics was also investigated and modeled. Tests were conducted to measure the stiffness of this joint in flexion and extension. A data set with a 1-element neck and nodding joint was developed. The Amended Part 572 Head-Neck Pendulum Test, of the Code of Federal Regulations, was simulated to validate these data sets. Small differences were observed between the responses of the 1-element and 4-element necks. The effect of nodding joint on head-neck kinematics and dynamics was negligible. Overall, the model proved to be a reasonable predictor of manikin head-neck kinematics and dynamics.
Do electrostatic interactions with positively charged active site groups tighten the transition state for enzymatic phosphoryl transfer

The effect of electrostatic interactions on the transition-state character for enzymatic phosphoryl transfer has been a subject of much debate. In this work, we investigate the transition state for alkaline phosphatase (AP) using linear free-energy relationships (LFERs). We determined kcat/KM for a series of aryl sulfate ester monoanions to obtain the Bronsted coefficient, βlg, and compared the value to that obtained previously for a series of aryl phosphorothioate ester dianion substrates. Despite the difference in substrate charge, the observed Bronsted coefficients for AP-catalyzed aryl sulfate and aryl phosphorothioate hydrolysis (−0.76 ± 0.14 and −0.77 ± 0.10, respectively) are strikingly similar, with steric effects being responsible for the uncertainties in these values. Aryl sulfates and aryl phosphates react via similar loose transition states in solution. These observations suggest an apparent equivalency of the transition states for phosphorothioate and sulfate hydrolysis reactions at the AP active site and, thus, negligible effects of active site electrostatic interactions on charge distribution in the transition state.
Factors affecting sulfur incorporation into lake sediments: paleoecological implications

This paper discusses the use of S as a paleolimnological tracer of limnetic sulfate concentration. A positive relationship (p<0.05) was found between limnetic sulfate and sediment S concentrations for the Great Lakes, English Lakes, and lakes from the Adirondack and Northern New England regions. There is a positive correlation (p<0.05) between C and S concentration in sediment across all regions studied. The importance of C in affecting S content in sediment was also examined by a series of cores taken at different water depths in Big Moose Lake (Adirondacks). There was a strong relationship between C and S among cores with sediment from deeper water having higher C and S concentrations (r 2=0.99). Sulfur from the shallower cores had greater concentrations of chromium-reducible S (pyrite), while cores from deeper waters had a greater proportion of organic S fractions including C-bonded S and ester sulfates. For assessing historical changes in S accumulation in sediments, enrichment factors were calculated for the PIRLA lakes. Pre-1900 net sediment accumulation rates of S were very similar across all regions. Sulfur enrichment was greatest in Adirondack sediment which had total post-1900 S accumulation of 1.1 to 7.4 times pre-1900 S accumulation. Sediment from Northern New England (NNE) generally had lower S concentration than Adirondack sediments and S enrichment factors ranged from 1.2 to 2.1. Sediment from the Northern Great Lakes States region had similar S concentration and distribution with depth to NNE sediment. In two Northern Florida lakes, sediment showed little variation in S concentration with depth, but in two other lakes from the same region, there was higher S concentration in deeper layers. Lakes which had the greatest enrichment factors also exhibited the most marked changes in C:S ratios. Ratios of C:N showed little variation (10.6 to 26.1) among the PIRLA lakes. A first order model indicated slow decomposition within these organic rich sediments. Elemental concentrations and ratios of sediment from a variety of lakes and reservoirs were complied. Maximum and minimum elemental ratios for all the data were 28 to 8.1 for C:N, 0.81 to 0.11 for C:H, and 675 to 12.5 for C:S, respectively. For the C:S ratios in all regions except the Great Lakes, the maximum ratio was less than 231. Both the maximum and minimum amount of N and H concentration of organic matter is related to biotic processes. The minimum concentration of S is regulated not only by nutrient demands but also by non-assimilatory processes. Sulfur incorporation into sediments is a function of a complex of factors, but limnetic sulfate concentration and organic matter content play a major role in regulating the S content of sediment. Further quantification of S incorporation pathways will aid in the paleolimnological interpretation of sediment S profiles. Such information is also important in assessing how S sediment pools will respond to decreases in limnetic sulfate concentration which may occur with decreases in inputs from acidic deposition.
Stability Conditions for a Mixed Distributed and Lumped Parameter Control System

ABSTRACT In this paper, sufficient conditions for stability and complete stability of equilibrium of a mixed distributed and lumped parameter feed-back control system are established. The system is in the form of a parabolic partial differential equation coupled with a set of first-order non-linear ordinary differential equations. The results represent generalizations of those obtained earlier by the author (Wang 1966).
The role of microscopic and macroscopic coherence in laser control

Abstract In this article, we discuss microscopic and macroscopic coherences resulting from multiple pulse excitation of molecular samples. The wave packet formalism is applied to describe the interference of wave packets within a single molecule (microscopic coherence) and the macroscopic interference between the polarizations resulting from optical responses of a single molecule or from different molecules (macroscopic coherence). Experimental virtual echo and stimulated photon echo measurements with noncollinear, degenerate femtosecond pulses are presented where both of these coherences are shown to control the observed dynamics. Theoretical simulations of the rovibronic dynamics observed experimentally on iodine vapor are presented. The role of these coherences in laser control of quantum dynamics is discussed.
The conjugate of a difference of functions defined on different spaces

Using a generalization of the chain rule of subdifferential calculus we derive expressions for the conjugate of the difference of functions defined on different spaces. As a consequence we are able to extend PSCHENICHNYI'S formula for (M - N)* such as generalized by HIRIART-URRUTY.
Thanksgiving in blue and pink.

24-7. That defines ED docs. Other specialists bolt the door on holidays, but not us. So, last Thanksgiving at 4 PM, it was once again my turn. After feasting with my family, I stepped inside our hospital in Harrisonburg, Virginia. ‘‘Having a good turkey day, doc?’’ The security guard waved from inside the automatic glass doors. ‘‘Sure thing,’’ I said, patting my tummy. She patted hers, and we both laughed. Mashed potatoes, gravy, pumpkin piedwho can resist the annual binge? ‘‘Not busy so far,’’ she said. ‘‘Few earaches, few gallbags. Same old stuff.’’ I shrugged. It couldn’t last. With the urgent care center closed, we were it. The patients were out there, and sooner or later they would pile in. I’d worked my way through a grandma with chest pain and a toddler with croup before the charge nurse tapped my shoulder. ‘‘Check this kid next,’’ Sydney said.* She was sporting her burgundy-and-gold Virginia Tech sweater. ‘‘Room 9.’’ I scanned the chart. Rodney Bolt, 8 years old. Healthy until an hour ago when his mother spotted a problem. He was turning blue. ‘‘Blue?’’ I said. ‘‘Blue,’’ Sydney said. ‘‘No doubt about it.’’ I asked about heart murmurs or asthma, and Sydney shook her head. Rodney wasn’t short of breath, wasn’t coughing, and didn’t have a fever. But despite all of that, just now he looked like a faded denim shirt. ‘‘Never been blue before,’’ Mrs. Bolt said. In fact, Rodney had been hospitalized only once when he was 2 months old. He’d had meningitis and recovered completely. Today, his lips and fingernails were dusky. His pulse oximetry wasn’t good, eitherd85%. Most children stay close to 100%. Something had gone wrong, but it wasn’t heart or lungs. With no apparent effort, Rodney was breathing 20 times per minute. His other vitals were also fine. ‘‘Can’t think of nothing different,’’ Mrs. Bolt went on. ‘‘He ate turkey like the rest of us, just not as much. Got the toothache halfway through dinner.’’ I said that was too bad. ‘‘Would happen when no dentist’s around,’’ Mrs. Bolt said. ‘‘Lucky I had Anbesol. That’s great stuff.’’
Preliminary Efforts Directed Toward the Detection of Craving of Illicit Substances: The iHeal Project

Many behavioral interventions, whether for the management of chronic pain, overeating, medication adherence, or substance abuse, are ineffective outside of the clinic or office environments in which they are taught. This lack of utility has spawned interest in enabling technologies that are capable of detecting changes in affective state that potentially herald a transition to risky behaviors. We have therefore undertaken the preliminary development of “iHeal”, an innovative constellation of technologies that incorporates artificial intelligence, continuous biophysical monitoring, wireless connectivity, and smartphone computation. In its fully realized form, iHeal can detect developing drug cravings; as a multimedia device, it can also intervene as the cravings develop to prevent drug use. This manuscript describes preliminary data related to the iHeal Project and our experience with its use.