cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Special Education in Christian/Fundamentalist Schools A Commitment to All the Children?

Public Law 94–142 guarantees an appropriate public education to all disabled students in public schools. Research on the overall status or quality of special education in private schools is virtually non-existent. This study investigates the number of Christian/fundamentalist schools nationwide offering special education, the types of disabilities served, along with program and teacher characteristics. The investigators suggest possible reasons for the dearth of special education programs in Christian/fundamentalist schools.
Liberalization, entry and product quality in transition economies

Abstract We model the effect of liberalization on product quality and industrial activity in transition economies. As barriers to entry are reduced, entry costs fall. This leads to an increase in the proportion of low quality producers in the market. The decrease in the expected quality can have adverse effects on consumer demand for the domestic product. The analysis suggests a demand side explanation of the observed restructuring and decline in output in sectors exposed to Western competition during transition.
Oral contraceptive use and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

To explore the somewhat controversial relationship between oral contraceptives and pre-invasive cervical cancer, 103 cases of biopsy-confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II or CIN III were compared with 258 controls who had normal cervical cytology. Cases were slightly less likely than controls to have ever used oral contraceptives; the odds ratio, controlling for age, socioeconomic status, barrier method use, smoking history, age at first sexual intercourse, number of sex partners, current marital status, and number of Pap smears, was 0.7 (95% CI 0.3-1.6). Recency, latency, duration, and age at first oral contraceptive use were evaluated and in no instance was oral contraceptive use positively associated with CIN. This study adds to the body of knowledge that oral contraceptives are not associated with pre-invasive cervical cancer. Further, if oral contraceptive users continue to be regularly screened, their risk of developing the more invasive lesions should be very low.
'I quit' versus 'I'm sorry I used': A preliminary investigation of variations in narrative ending and transportation

A narrative experience can partly depend on how a narrative ends or concludes. This study examined prevention effects of personal drug use narratives varying by type of ending and gender of protagonist. Additionally, the role of transportation in the persuasion process, particularly the association between transportation and cocaine use intentions, both directly and indirectly, through the mediation of anti-drug and pro-drug expectancies was assessed. A total of 500 undergraduate students at a large northern university in the UK participated in the experiment which was a 2 × 2 × 2 mixed design with ending (progressive vs. regressive) and gender of protagonist (male vs. female) as within-participants factors and participant gender (male vs. female) as between-participants factors. The results demonstrated significant main effects for ending, gender of protagonist in the narrative and participant gender, but no interaction effects. Finally, greater transportation was associated with stronger anti-cocaine ex...
Suspected multiple primary tumors of the lacrimal and parotid glands

• A 63-year-old man had apparent primary tumors of the lacrimal and parotid glands. Initially an adenocarcinoma of ectopic lacrimal gland origin was suspected following biopsy of a mass in the left orbit. The patient received radiation therapy to this area and showed no recurrence of the original lesion or development of other tumors for a period of 27 months. At that time, the patient returned with a mass in the left preauricular area. This was surgically resected and found to be an adenocarcinoma of the left parotid gland. Both tumors were histologically similar, mucin-secreting adenocarcinomas. There has been no further evidence of tumor growth in an additional three-year period.
Inverse scattering for an AKNS problem with rational reflection coefficients

We study the AKNS (Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur) inverse scattering problem for rational reflection coefficients on a semi-infinite interval. We demonstrate that the Marchenko integral equations for the AKNS version on such an interval can be solved in a direct and straightforward way by algebraic methods for any set of rational reflection coefficients, vanishing at infinity. The general AKNS scattering problem for this case, as well as the usual symmetry reductions, are discussed. The connection to an alternative procedure by Rourke and Morris (1992 Phys. Rev. A 46 3631) is pointed out. Our procedure is built around a constant matrix, M, which can be constructed from the poles and residues of the rational reflection coefficients. Under certain conditions, which we define as minimal symmetry and which then suitably constrains the distribution of eigenvalues, we show that it is always possible to represent the resulting potentials as truncated N-soliton potentials. This procedure is of interest for solving initial-boundary value problems of integrable hyperbolic systems by the inverse scattering transform (IST) applied to a semi-infinite or finite interval.
Blending Work and Family: A Case Study:

This article describes an employer-based infant-care program that is a unique response to the needs of working parents. This parentingatwork option allows mothers to blend the often-competing demands of work and family and provides high-quality child care to their infants in the workplace. The article also examines the impact of this program on the mothers, the infants, and the workplace.
Comparison of microbiological methods for evaluating quality and fertility of soil

Routine soil testing procedures that are rapid and accurate are needed to evaluate C and N mineralization in agricultural soils in order to determine soil quality and fertility. Laboratory methods were compared for their usefulness in determining soil microbial biomass and potential activity in a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) subjected to long-term tillage, crop sequence, and N-fertilizer management practices. The methods included basal soil respiration, net N mineralization during a 10-day incubation, soil microbial biomass C with the chloroform fumigation-incubation technique with and without subtracting a control value, soil microbial biomass N with the chloroform fumigation-incubation technique, substrate-induced respiration, and arginine ammonification. All methods were highly correlated with each other and, therefore, appear to adequately reflect soil microbial biomass and potential activity under laboratory conditions. The longer incubation times used with the basal soil respiration, N mineralization, and microbial biomass C and N assays resulted in higher correlations and lower variation among replications compared to the shorter incubation times used with substrate-induced respiration and arginine ammonification. The relatively rapid procedural time (3 h) required for the latter two assays could make these methods more attractive for routine soil testing, although multiple assays on the same sample may be necessary because these methods are less precise than the incubation methods that require 10 days.
ImproViz: visual explorations of jazz improvisations

ImproViz is a visualization technique for diagramming music that brings to light the signature patterns of a jazz musician's improvisational style. ImproViz consists of two parts: (1) melodic landscapes show the general contours of musical phrasing; and (2) harmonic palettes represent the musician's tendency to use a particular combination of notes in a given part of the song. Viewing the jazz standard All Blues through the lens of ImproViz illustrates the contrasting melodic and harmonic styles of three musicians. This analysis uncovers some surprises, such as how Miles Davis played musical ideas that contradicted his own composition. ImproViz offers jazz students a new way to study jazz theory and can also serve as a real-time improvisational aid, allowing a student to borrow the harmonic vocabulary of jazz masters.
Physiological and molecular detection of crystalliferous Bacillus thuringiensis strains from habitats in the South Central United States

Gram-positive, endospore-forming Bacillus thuringiensis-like strains were isolated from 95 of 413 samples collected at the 0–5 cm depth of noncultivated soils and stagnant or dried-up ponds as well as from dust from stored grain products in South Central United States. Based on the production of parasporal crystals, 25 isolates were identified as B. thuringiensis after examining 227 B. thuringiensis-like colonies. The greatest proportion of samples yielding B. thuringiensis were from the dust from grain storage. The sodium acetate selective medium, heat processing, and crystal staining used in the initial screening revealed diverse populations of B. thuringiensis, which were categorized into distinct crystal morphological groups. Sugar fermentation, antibiotic sensitivity, growth characteristics and PCR studies showed diversity among the isolates that were distributed among 25 of the 58 known strains. The most frequently isolated strains were kurstaki, aizawai, morrisoni, thuringiensis, sotto and kenyae that together represented more than 90% of the characterized isolates. PCR analysis using 30 family primer pairs for cry and cyt genes showed that the frequency of the cry1 gene (62%) was predominant followed by the cry2 genes (30%), and the rest (8%) were other cry gene types, such as cry3, cry4, cry10, cry11, cry14, cry15, cry20, cry24 and cry26. Both cyt1 and -2 genes were also detected. Several isolates showed PCR products on the gel that were not consistent with the expected sizes of nucleotides targeted by the primers. These were suggestive of nonspecific amplifications and were not used in the characterization process. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2002) 28, 284–290 DOI: 10.1038/sj/jim/7000244
Crestal bone resorption in augmented bone using mineralized freeze-dried bone allograft or pristine bone during submerged implant healing: a prospective study in humans.

Background There is limited evidence on the crestal bone level changes around implants placed in bone augmented by guided bone regeneration (GBR) during submerged healing. The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare radiographic crestal bone changes around implants placed in augmented bone with changes around implants placed in pristine bone. Materials and methods Patients receiving dental implants in the augmented or pristine mandibular posterior edentulous ridge were included in the study. The digital standardized radiographs from the implant placement procedure were compared to the radiographs from the second-stage procedure to evaluate the peri-implant marginal bone level changes. The soft tissue thickness (ST), width of keratinized mucosa (wKM), and early cover screw exposure (eIE) were measured at the time of the second-stage procedure. Results A total of 29 implants in 26 patients, 11 in augmented bone (test group) and 18 in pristine bone (control group), were analyzed. The mean peri-implant bone loss (ΔBL) was 0.74 ± 0.74 mm (mean ± SD) in the test group and 0.25 ± 0.55 mm (mean ± SD) in the control group. The differences between the test and control groups in the mesial, distal, and mean peri-implant crestal bone level changes were statistically significant (P = 0.009, P = 0.004, and P = 0.001, respectively). The confounding factors (ST, wKM, and eIE) were adjusted. Conclusions More peri-implant crestal bone loss during the submerged healing period was observed in augmented bone than in pristine bone. Augmented bone may not exhibit the same characteristics as pristine bone during the implant submerged healing period.
Social Relations and Mortality: A More Nuanced Approach

Among older adults social relationships influence mortality, but it is less clear how. We examined associations between relationship quality with spouse, child, and best friend and mortality; and whether the associations varied in the presence of chronic illnesses. Survival analyses (N = 514; 59 percent women aged > 60) revealed sometimes counterintuitive main and buffering effects. Individuals who reported greater negative relationship quality with their children and friends lived longer. Buffering models suggest that relationships may exacerbate the effects of chronic illness on mortality and emphasize the importance of using a more nuanced approach when examining the effects of social relations on mortality.
CELL INTERACTIONS IN THE PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE IN VITRO: A REQUIREMENT FOR SPECIFIC CELL CLUSTERS

Mouse spleen cells were found to associate in cell clusters during the primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes in vitro. About 10% of the cell clusters had the following unique properties; (a) they contained most, if not all, antibody-forming cells, (b) they contained only cells forming antibody to one antigen when cell cultures were immunized with two antigens, (c) the cells in clusters reaggregated specifically after dispersion, and (d) the specific reaggregation of clusters appeared to be blocked by antibody to the antigen. The integrity of cell clusters was required for the proliferation of antibody-forming cells, and prevention of clustering by mechanical means or by excess antibody blocked the immune response. Antibody and antigenic determinants on the surfaces of cells probably provide the basis for interaction. The unique microenvironment of cell clusters was essential for the primary immune response in vitro.
Groundwater Dating and Flow-Model Calibration in the Kern Water Bank, California

This paper describes a study of groundwater characteristics and groundwater dating in the Kern Water Bank, west of Bakersfield, Calif. The paper also presents the results of developing a calibrated groundwater-flow model for the Kern Water Bank’s aquifer. The Kern Water Bank is one of the largest artificial storage and recovery operations in the southwestern United States. This study sheds light on the chemical characteristics of groundwater, on the nature of the recharge water, on the subsequent groundwater movement through the storage aquifer, and on the origin and age of groundwater in the Kern Water Bank. It also produced a calibrated groundwater-flow model that can be used in predicting the effects of future recharge and groundwater extraction operations in the Kern Water Bank aquifer. It was determined that the chemistry of groundwater in the Kern Water Bank is suitable for irrigation following additional purification. Groundwater in the Kern Water Bank originates primarily from western Sierra Nevad...
The use of covert conditioning in modifying pain behavior

Abstract The covert conditioning procedure has been successfully employed to modify a wide range of behaviors. There is both anecdotal and experimental evidence that cognitive strategies can modify pain responses. The rationale and description of the application of covert conditioning to modify pain responses are given. A case is presented to illustrate how covert conditioning can be combined with other procedures to modify pain. Cautions and implications of the procedures are discussed.
Breast self-examination in the personal health course

Abstract Female college students (N = 105) were surveyed regarding their acceptance of instruction concerning breast self-examination (BSE) in a film format and the frequency of personal performance of BSE. Factors which served to explain variation in acceptance scores were related to instruction, performance, conservatism, and perceived threat. Factors related to frequency of BSE performance included conservatism, close friend or relative with breast cancer, confidence, and previous instruction in BSE. “Effect of Alcohol Intake on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Runners and Inactive Men,” G. HARLEY HARTUNG, et al. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) level was measured before and after alcohol abstinence and after resumption of a controlled alcohol dose in 16 marathon runners, 15 joggers, and 13 inactive men. A three-week period of abstinence resulted in a significant decrease in HDLC concentration in the inactive men (49.8 to 41.8 mg/dL). Three weeks of alcohol consumption (...
The fiduciary duty to protect: the forgotten duty in pension fund investment

In the context of the global crisis in retirement security, this article examines the failure of those who oversee investments in the pension and superannuation industry to protect the best interests of beneficiaries and participants. Given the existing institutional corruption in the industry and the failures of governmental regulation, the inability or unwillingness of those in finance to act appropriately have contributed to the present era of austerity and inequality. In response, the author identifies a tool that the trustees who govern these funds can use to put an end to their harmful and often ineffective financial activity in which they are drawn: the fiduciary duty to protect. A fiduciary duty is an obligation to act in the best interest of another party that places certain duties on those to whom it applies. While fiduciary relationships appear in many legal contexts, this paper focuses on two fiduciary relationships that are present in the global pension fund industry. The first fiduciary duty...
Inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in muscle

Conclusions Recently obtained information suggests that the use of medication to improve man's resistance to spaceflight will be effective. The selection of medications must have an experimental basis with respect to their specific destination and their action on the organism in weightlessness, possible side- effects, route of administration, storage capacity, and results of multiple dosing, etc. We have not discussed the use of analgesics, antipyretics, antihistamines, radiation protectors, antibacterials, anaes- thetics, laxatives and other medicinal sub- stances, or of fluids for parenteral injections which have been, and in the future will he, included in on-board medical kits. The use of these has been described both in this country and abroad 1s,2°. Achievements in space medicine pro- mote the solving of other problems of the medical sciences and space pharmacology will doubtless make a large contribution to the exploration of space for peaceful aims, and for the benefit of the whole of mankind.
Experimental and computational studies on the adsorption of CO2 and N2 on pure silica zeolites

Abstract Low-defect siliceous zeolites of framework types BEA ∗ , CHA, FER, MFI, and STT have been prepared in a fluoride medium. The adsorption isotherms of CO 2 and N 2 on these materials were measured at various temperatures up to a pressure of 1 atm. Heats of adsorption of CO 2 and N 2 at the limit zero coverage are in a range of 18.6–27.2 kJ/mol and N 2 (11.2–16.6 kJ/mol), respectively, because CO 2 has larger polarizability. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were used to calculate the adsorption of nitrogen and carbon dioxide separately in purely siliceous models of these zeolites using various force fields proposed in the literature. Predictions for the sorption thermodynamics are in excellent agreement with the experiment, and both simulation and experimental data show a decrease in heat of adsorption with an increase of pore/window size for a given adsorbate.
Assessment of psychiatric illness severity by family physicians

Abstract Independent psychiatric illness assessments of family practice patients are compared. Of the three ratings-self-ratings, evaluation by the treating physician, and a clinical interview by a research psychiatrist-patient and research psychiatrist ratings achieved the highest level of agreement (50% of the variance). Of the three kinds of raters, treating physicians showed the greatest variability. Least agreement appeared for Practice Two, upper middle class college town people who were relatively high in interpersonal sensitivity complaints. Most agreement appeared for Practice Three, ghetto inner city people who were relatively high in somatic complaints. The rating performance of treating physicians is attributed to both rating instrument and rating context.
Importance of Instability in Impact Response and Damage Resistance of Composite Shells

The response of laminated cylindrical composite shell structures to transverse loading was studied through impact and quasi-static testing. A highly nonlinear structural instability phenomenon, closely resembling a snap-through instability, was found to have a strong influence on the loading/impact response including the resulting damage. Because of this structural instability, the behavior of convex shells under static or dynamic (i.e., impact) transverse loading is found to be much different than that for plates. These differences include trends displayed in the response parameters as well as damage extent and distribution. Convex shells with a response instability are found to have increased impact damage resistance compared with plates. A concept is proposed wherein the instability provides a mechanism, not available in plates, by which shell structures dissipate impact energy through structural deformation and thus exhibit improved impact damage resistance. Conversely, convex shells with no response instability have decreased impact damage resistance compared with plates. The differences in composite shell and plate behavior, particularly damage resistance, have important ramifications to the design of damage tolerant aerospace components and are discussed.
Simultaneous shift reaction and carbon dioxide separation for the direct production of hydrogen

Abstract Hydrogen production via the reversible water-gas shift reaction normally requires multiple catalytic reaction steps followed by CO 2 separation in order to produce the required H 2 purity. Removal of CO 2 as it is formed via the noncatalytic gas—solid reaction between CO 2 and CaO provides the opportunity to combine reaction and separation into a single processing vessel. Resultant process simplifications include elimination of the need for heat exchangers between catalyst beds as well as the absorption and stripping units required for CO 2 removal (or the pressure swing adsorption unit). Process savings may be realized by reducing the quantity of excess steam to the reactor, and the expensive, sulfur-sensitive shift catalyst is not needed in the 500–600°C range of interest. The combined shift and carbonation reactions were studied in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor containing dolomite sorbent precursor. The effect of shift-carbonation temperature and pressure, synthesis gas composition, space velocity, and composition and properties of the sorbent were studied. The rapid rates of the combined reactions permit equilibrium CO conversion and CO 2 removal to be closely approached. Greater than 0.995 fractional removal of carbon oxides was achieved over a range of reaction conditions.
Disclosure to Physicians of CAM Use by Breast Cancer Patients: Findings From the Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study

Background. Physician awareness of their patients' use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is crucial, particularly in the setting of a potentially life-threatening disease such as canc...
Combat urologic trauma in US military overseas contingency operations

BACKGROUND: This article reports on the occurrences and patterns of genitourinary (GU) trauma in the contemporary high-intensity conflict of the overseas contingency operations (OCOs). METHODS: The Joint Theater Trauma Registry was queried for all US military members who received treatment for GU wounds and concomitant injuries sustained in OCOs for >75 months between October 2001 and January 2008. RESULTS: Of the 16,323 trauma admissions annotated in the Joint Theater Trauma Registry, 819 (5%) had one or more GU injuries. Of the GU casualties, 90% were sustained in Iraq and 65% were because of explosions. The average casualty age was 26 years (range, 18-58 years) and 98.5% were men. There were 887 unique GU injuries distributed as follows: scrotum, 257 (29.0%); kidney, 203 (22.9%); bladder, 189 (21.3%); penis, 126 (14.2%); testicle, 81 (9.1%); ureter, 24 (2.7%); and urethra, 7 (0.8%). Of the 203 patients with kidney injuries, 22% went to the operating room with 31 patients having nephrectomies. There were 189 bladder injuries with 26 patients (14%) having concomitant pelvic fractures. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest report of GU injuries during any military conflict. The distribution and percentage of casualties with GU injuries in the OCO are similar to those of previous conflicts. Consideration should be given to personnel protective equipment for the areas associated with GU injuries and predeployment training directed at the care of these injuries. Language: en
Predictors of outcome of severe respiratory syncytial virus-associated respiratory failure treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Objective: To examine the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry data base for all infants and children with respiratory syncytial virus-associated respiratory failure managed with extracorporeal life support, to delineate predictors of outcome. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization data registry. Patients: All pediatric patients treated in the United States with extracorporeal life support for severe pediatric respiratory syncytial virus-associated respiratory failure reported to the registry, from 1982 through June 1992. Interventions: Venoarterial or venovenous extracorporeal life support. Measurements and main results: As of June 1992, fifty-three pediatric patients meeting study entry criteria were reported to the Pediatric Respiratory Failure Registry (n=412) as having received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection with pulmonary failure. Forty-nine percent (26/53) were successfully managed and survived to hospital discharge. The mean patient age was 5.0±8.6 months. Duration of mechanical ventilation before institution of extracorporeal life support was 8.1±6.2 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found four variables to be associated with patient nonsurvival at the p r =0.5 and 0.1 that resulted in 92% sensitivity and 81% specificity (false-positive ratio 19%) and 96% sensitivity and 73% specificity (false-positive ratio 27%), respectively. Conclusions: Predictors of outcome of severe respiratory fallure caused by respiratory syncytial virus infection managed with ECMO exist, and multivariate predictive models with high sensitivity and low false-positive risk are possible. Similar mathematical models may be helpful in establishing criteria for future trials of ECMO versus conventional respiratory support.
Characterization of GaP/InGaP and GaP/GaAsP strained-layer quantum wells grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

GaP/InGaP and GaP/GaAsP strained-layer quantum well (QW) structures with 3.0-5.0 nm thick well layers in the direct gap region were grown on GaP substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using triethylgallium (TEGa) and ethyldimethylindium (EDMIn) for the column III sources and 100% AsH 3 and PH 3 for the column V sources. The strained QW structures were characterized using TEM and 4.2 K photoluminescence (PL). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images indicate that the structures are uniform with sharp, defect-free interfaces. The QW layers are clearly resolved and appear to be free of misfit dislocations or other defects. The InGaP QW structures exhibit improved 4.2 K PL linewidths and a shift of the peak energies to shorter wavelengths compared to InGaP bulk layers of the same compositions. The GaAsP QW structures also exhibit sharp PL emission linewidths. The band alignments for the GaP/InGaP and GaP/GaAsP strained heterojunctions were calculated using local-density-functional pseudopotential formalism and the model-solid approach. Optical transition energies between the conduction band and valence subbands at the Γ point were calculated for the InGaP and GaAsP strained QWs, taking into account both the strain-modified band structures and quantum confinement effects. By employing the results derived from the theoretical predictions, we show that the 4.2 K PL spectra of the InGaP strained wells exhibit both the n = 1 heavy-hole and light-hole related transitions. We also show that the degree of removal of valence band degeneracy can be determined from the PL spectra
Hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres as a device for controlled delivery of proteins.

Hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres were prepared by reacting solid microspheres of Li2O–CaO–B2O3 glass (106–150 μm) in K2HPO4 solution, and evaluated as a controlled delivery device for a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). Reaction of the glass microspheres for 2 days in 0.02 M K2HPO4 solution (pH = 9) at 37°C resulted in the formation of biocompatible HA microspheres with a hollow core diameter equal to 0.6 the external diameter, high surface area (~100 m2/g), and a mesoporous shell wall (pore size ≈13 nm). After loading with a solution of BSA in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (5 mg BSA/ml), the release kinetics of BSA from the HA microspheres into a PBS medium were measured using a micro bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay. Release of BSA initially increased linearly with time, but almost ceased after 24–48 h. Modification of the BSA release kinetics was achieved by modifying the microstructure of the as-prepared HA microspheres using a controlled heat treatment (1–24 h at 600–900°C). Sustained release of BSA was achieved over 7–14 days from HA microspheres heated for 5 h at 600°C. The amount of BSA released at a given time was dependent on the concentration of BSA initially loaded into the HA microspheres. These hollow HA microspheres could provide a novel inorganic device for controlled local delivery of proteins and drugs.
Inguinal hernia repair in women: is the laparoscopic approach superior?

Purpose Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is associated with reduced post-operative pain and earlier return to work in men. However, the role of laparoscopic hernia repair in women is not well reported. The aim of this study was to review the outcomes of the laparoscopic versus open repair of inguinal hernias in women and to discuss patients’ considerations when choosing the approach.
Preparation of histone variants and high-mobility group proteins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract Methods have been developed for the preparation of histone variants and high- mobility group (HMG) proteins by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The individual HPLC fractions were recovered as a dry powder in 95% yield by direct lyophilization from the column effluent. Perchloric acid—soluble Hl variants and HMG proteins from Chinese hamster cells (line CHO) were separated on a μBondapak CN column using a 0–50% linear acetonitrile gradient in water containing 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The proteins were eluted in the following order: HMG-E/G (an HMG-14/17 class proteins from CHO cells), Hl o , Hl, HMG-2, and HMG-1. HMG-E/G, Hl, and an unidentified protein were recovered electrophoretically pure. Hl o contained contaminants which could be removed by subsequent chromatography on a μBondapak C 18 Radial-Pak ® column, but HMG-1 and HMG-2 could not be completely resolved. Nucleosomal core histones were fractionated on aμBondapak C 18 Radial-Pak column using a 30–55% linear acetonitrile gradient containing 0.2–0.3% TFA. They were eluted in the following order: H2B, (LHP)H2A, (MHP)H2A, H4, LHP(H3), and (MHP)H3, (where LHP and MHP refer to less-hydrophobic and more-hydro-phobic variants). If the gradient containing 0.3% TFA was interrupted with an isocratic elution at 43% acetonitrile, the H2B, (LHP)H2A, (MHP)H2A, and H4 proteins were completely resolved, thus providing a good preparative method for these proteins. The H2A class of Drosophila histones was also fractionated on a μBondapak C 18 Radial-Pak column using a 30–35% linear acetonitrile gradient containing 0.2% TFA. Drosophila melanogaster H2A, obtained as a single fraction by chromatography on Biol-Gel P-100, was eluted from the C 18 column as three proteins. The order of elution was identified by electrophoresis to be: H2A ox (an oxidized form of H2A), D2 (a Drosphila -specific subtype), and H2A.
January-thaw singularity and wave climates along the Eastern coast of the USA

METEOROLOGICAL singularities—recurrent weather phenomena at or near specific calendar dates1—have been reported throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Although not fully recognised as real phenomena by most meteorologists, singularities continue to merit the attention of some investigators. Although the general relationship between wind fields over open oceans and generation of waves by wind are well known, there are no reports in the literature on coastal wave climates and atmospheric singularities. I have observed that extreme frequencies of surf from directions more typical of the summer season occur at the time of the ‘January-thaw’ meteorological singularity (January 20–23). Here I present observations of wave climates from Florida to Rhode Island at the time of the January thaw.
Flow trace of a structured program

Program traces are historical records of some phase of a program's activity. The program listing of a structured program can be indented to show the structure and flow of control. The printed output lines of the flow trace of a structured program can be indented to the level indicated by the indentation of the program listing. By adding this information to the trace output, considerably more information about the program's flow of control is available after execution. More options should be available because it is a structured program that is being traced. Storage traces and subroutine traces also fit into the indentation pattern of the flow trace. The indentation scheme possible because it is a structured program not only shows the control flow better but also gives a better picture of how variables are used and changed.
Derek the Rocket Scientist

Trust is a difficult thing to engineer, as it involves history, character, and an ability to put aside your own goals for the good of the whole.
Semiclassical and variational approximations for spin-1 magnetic chains

We discuss some refinements of semiclassical calculations for the spin-wave excitation spectrum of easy-plane ferromagnets such as CsNi${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ and examine their validity for low-spin values. We also introduce a new overcomplete set of spin states, which is used to derive integral representations and variational approximations for the partition function of magnetic chains with positive uniaxial anisotropy.
Using One's Head: Were Jurists "Unconscious" Socio-Economic Ciphers or Conscious Agents? A Response to Friedman

Professor Friedman's lively review of my recent book Heart versus Head raises a number of questions, not all of which need be addressed in the pages of this journal. I welcome the opportunity to comment on it, because I think it possible to define more clearly our differences as well as those matters on which we agree, and because I think such an exchange can be of use to those planning further forays into the world of nineteenth-century American law. But first:
A new theory of transport for cell membrane pores. II. Exact results and computer simulation (molecular dynamics).

Abstract An exact expression for the solvent diffusion coefficient in a pore that is so narrow that two molecules cannot get around each other is derived. The theory states that the diffusion coefficient for a pore that contains n molecules is simply equal to the diffusion coefficient a molecule would have if it were all alone in the pore ( D °) divided by n . The theory is very general. Two different models that can be used to determine D ° are described. An exact experimental test of the theory is carried out by the use of computer simulation (molecular dynamics). It is shown that as long as the density of molecules in the pore is not too high, the experimental results are not significantly different from the theoretical preditions. These experimental results also test the theory presented in the first paper of this series and provide strong support for those results.
A Comparison of Educational Interventions to Enhance Cultural Competency in Pharmacy Students

Objective. To determine the degree to which 3 different educational interventions enhance cultural competency in pharmacy students.Methods. Students were equally divided among a simulated-patient a...
Localized recrystallization during creep in nickel-based superalloys GTD444 and René N5

Abstract Creep damage mechanisms in two nickel-based superalloys, directionally solidified (DS) GTD444 and single crystal (SX) Rene N5, crept at high temperature (982 °C) and low stress (179–206 MPa), have been studied. Electron backscatter diffraction analyses showed localized dynamic recrystallization in specimens crept to high strain levels and to final fracture. Recrystallization was observed around clusters of carbides and creep cavities, and was less common in areas away from the fracture surface. The average recrystallized grain diameter was 0.71 μ m, which, after 50 h at 982 °C, had grown to an average of ∼ 2.31 μ m. Growth of the recrystallized grains occurred by the dissolution of the γ ′ precipitates at the interface followed by discontinuous precipitation to relieve supersaturation. To consider the influence of localized recrystallization on macroscopic creep rates, a model for recrystallization-accelerated tertiary creep was developed. The model predicts that the axial strain rate increases by approximately one order of magnitude from the onset of recrystallization to rupture, comparing favorably to the experimentally measured accelerations in strain rate in the tertiary creep regime from 180 h to rupture. The observation of localized dynamic recrystallization provides new insight into the damage processes that occur in the tertiary creep regime.
She said, "some patient needs get dropped due to more pressing issues".

SUMMARY The engagement of the social sciences by pastoral care and education will not turn chaplains or supervisors into social scientists. Ministry is not a higher calling than science; nor will chaplains be co-oped into doing ministry by the numbers. Scientific research in pastoral care and teaching could focus on these broad areas, but administrators face multiple pressures and will not easily be convinced by rational argument. As religion and science dare to engage a meaningful dialogue; a deeper, transcendent reality will unfold.
Rheology of Luting Cements

A rheometer has been developed to simulate the extrusion of luting cement from beneath a full crown during seating using clinically realistic shear rates. Five luting cements were studied, and differences in rheological behavior were illustrated. These measurements demonstrate the importance of consideration of the effects of shear rate on viscosity when evaluating a cement for optimal clinical utilization.
Metric Equivalence of the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Self-Construal Scale across Spanish and English Language Versions.

The metric equivalence of translated scales is often in question but seldom examined. This study presents test-retest data that support the metric equivalence of the Spanish and English language versions of three measures: the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Self-Construal Scale. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four test conditions designating the language order of the presented questionnaire packets: (a) English-English, (b) English-Spanish, (c) Spanish-English, and (d) Spanish-Spanish. Internal and test-retest reliabilities were found to be adequate both within and across language versions. In addition to reliabilities, a comparison of the means across language versions supported their metric equivalence. Language effects and implications are discussed.
Vernacular education in the Southern Sudan: A test case for literacy

Abstract This paper presents the results of the first impact evaluation of the Local Languages Literacy Project in the Southern Sudan conducted in late 1980. Background, process, and outcome data were collected focusing on two Primary 2 project classes using the new project materials and two comparison classes not using these materials. The background data revealed serious obstacles to the teaching of literacy skills to primary school pupils in the Southern Sudan. Among these obstacles are a lack of educational materials, trained teachers, and contact with and use for literacy skills outside of school. The process data showed that largely ineffective methods were used to each literacy skills in the two comparison classes and, to a slightly lesser extent, in the two project classes. These methods consisted almost entirely of repetitive reading drills with little or no emphasis on meaning. The outcome data suggested that the general reading ability of all four classes examined was quite poor. However, the l...
Stochastic Population Model for Electrical Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve

We have developed a biophysical model of a population of electrically stimulated auditory nerve fibers. It can be used to interpret results from physiological and behavioral experiments with cochlear implants and propose novel stimulation strategies. Our model consists of myelinated internodes described by a passive resistor-capacitor network, membrane capacitance, and leakage current at the nodes of Ranvier, as well as stochastic representations of nodal voltage-dependent channels. To approximate physiological properties measured in the auditory nerve (AN) of an acutely deafened cat, electrical parameters of the model fiber were chosen based on literature-reported values. Using our model, we have replicated the following properties within 10% of the reported feline single-fiber measurements: relative spread (5.8%), spike latency (630 mus), jitter (93 mus), chronaxie (238 mus), relative refractory period (4.6 ms), and conduction velocity (14 m/s). Moreover, we have successfully matched response characteristics of a population of fibers with the same number of diameter-distributed model fibers, enabling us to simulate responses of the entire AN. To demonstrate the performance of our model, we compare responses of a population of ANs stimulated with two speech encoding strategies, continuous interleaved sampling and compressed analog.
THE HETEROTROPHIC CAPABILITIES OF CYCLOTELLA MENEGHINIANA1

SUMMARY Cyclotella meneghiniana grew heterotrophically in darkness when glucose in concentrations from 5 mg/liter to 10 g/liter was provided. The other compounds tested did not support growth. However, in continuous light (300 ft-c) growth wax not enhanced if glucose wax provided. Under diurnal conditions of light (300 ft-c) approximately 12–14 hr of darkness were required to observe the enhancement effects of glucose. Uptake studies with labeled glucose indicated that uptake is not dependent on glucose, but that it occurs only at low light intensities. Cells required 12–14 hr of darkness to develop the uptake system.
THE SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE YCC5 (YCL025C) GENE ENCODES AN AMINO ACID PERMEASE, AGP1, WHICH TRANSPORTS ASPARAGINE AND GLUTAMINE

The yeast YCC5 gene encodes a putative amino acid permease and is homologous to GNP1 (encoding a high-affinity glutamine permease). Using strains with disruptions in the genes for multiple permeases, we demonstrated that Ycc5 (which we have renamed Agp1) is involved in the transport of asparagine and glutamine, performed a kinetic analysis of this activity, and showed that AGP1 expression is subject to nitrogen repression.
Enthalpy‐Concentration diagrams of binary aqueous mixtures of hydrazine, sodium carbonate, and glycerine

Generally an enthalpy-concentration diagram for a system is prepared for fixed pressure, and to be complete it should include data on the solid, liquid, and vapor phases. Such charts are useful for calculations involving heat balances with accompanying concentration changes. This article outlines the steps in the preparation of a diagram and includes the diagrams for aqueous solutions of hydrazine, sodium carbonate, and glycerine.
Simple estimation of hidden correlation in repeated measures

In medical and social studies, it is often desirable to assess the correlation between characteristics of interest that are not directly observable. In such cases, repeated measures are often available, but the correlation between the repeated measures is not the same as that between the true characteristics that are confounded with the measurement errors. The latter is called the hidden correlation. Previously, the problem has been treated by assuming prior knowledge about the measurement errors, or by using relatively complex statistical models, such as the mixed effects models, with no closed-form expression for the estimated hidden correlation. We propose a simple estimator of the hidden correlation that is very much like the Pearson correlation coefficient, with a closed-form expression, under assumptions much weaker than the mixed effects model. Simulation results show that the proposed simple estimator performs similarly as the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimator in mixed models, but is computationally much more efficient than REML. Simulation comparison with the Pearson correlation is also made. A real data example is considered.
Quantile Analysis: A Method for Characterizing Data Distributions:

Analyzing distributions of data represents a common problem in chemistry. Quantile-quantile (QQ) plots provide a useful way to attack this problem. These graphs are often used in the form of the normal probability plot, to determine whether the residuals from a fitting process are randomly distributed and therefore whether an assumed model fits the data at hand. By comparing the integrals of two probability density functions in a single plot, QQ plotting methods are able to capture the location, scale, and skew of a data set. This procedure provides more information to the analyst than do classical statistical methods that rely on a single test statistic for distribution comparisons.
Women-Centered Drug Treatment Services and Need in the United States, 2002-2009.

Objectives. We examined options and need for women-centered substance use disorder treatment in the United States between 2002 and 2009.Methods. We obtained characteristics of facilities from the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services and treatment need data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We also examined differences in provision of women-centered programs by urbanization level in data from the National Center for Health Statistics 2006 Rural-Urban County Continuum.Results. Of the 13 000 facilities surveyed annually, the proportion offering women-centered services declined from 43% in 2002 to 40% in 2009 (P < .001). Urban location, state population size, and Medicaid payment predicted provision of such services as trauma-related and domestic violence counseling, child care, and housing assistance (all, P < .001). Prevalence of women with unmet need ranged from 81% to 95% across states.Conclusions. Change in availability of women-centered drug treatment services was minimal...