cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Brownian and Thermophoretic Diffusions of Nanoparticles on Nonequilibrium Heat Conduction in Nanofluids

Effects of Brownian and thermophoretic diffusions on nonequilibrium heat conduction in a nanofluid layer with periodic heat flux on one side and specified temperature on the other side are investigated numerically. The problem are described by eight dimensionless parameters: density ratio, heat capacity ratio, Lewis number, Soret coefficient, initial volume fraction of nanoparticles, initial temperature, Sparrow number, and period of the surface heat flux. Effects of Brownian and thermophoretic diffusions of nanoparticles on nonequilibrium heat conduction in nanofluid obtained by dispersing copper nanoparticles into ethylene glycol are investigated. The results showed that the Brownian and thermophoretic diffusions only affect the nanoparticle temperature but their effect on the heat transfer enhancement is negligible.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Mechanisms for hadron continuum scattering from complex nuclei

Abstract The continuum spectra of hadrons scattered from complex nuclei are influenced by several features of the strong interaction, even at beam energies and momentum transfers where an incoherent quasifree mechanism is formally valid. These hadrons may suffer multiple scattering, they may interact with nucleons in correlated motion with other bound nucleons, and the spectra may become contaminated with events including pion production. In this work, nuclear spectra at energy losses less than those for free beam-nucleon scattering are compared as ratios to similar spectra for deuterium, an idea recently used for simpler electron scattering spectra, and as ratios to scattering from free nucleons, as the single-nucleon responses in scaling formats. A large array of data is organized to distinguish among the possibilities leading to hadron continuum spectra from complex nuclei, and the relative contributions of single-nucleon responses and other mechanisms are distinguished. It is concluded that for a range of three-momentum transfers near 500 MeV/ c it is correlations among bound nucleons that generate the hadron spectra.
Band structure of indium antimonide

Abstract The band structure of InSb is calculated using the k ·. p perturbation approach and assuming that the conduction and valence band extrema are at k = 0. The small band gap requires an accurate treatment of conduction and valence band interactions while higher bands are treated by perturbation theory. A highly nonparabolic conduction band is found. The valence band is quite similar to germanium. Energy terms linear in k which cannot exist in germanium are estimated and found to be small, though possibly of importance at liquid-helium temperature. An absolute calculation of the fundamental optical absorption is made using the cyclotron resonance mass for n-type InSb. The agreement with experimental data for the fundamental absorption and its dependence on n-type impurity concentration is quite good. This evidence supports the assumptions made concerning the band structure.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 activation inhibits microglial associated inflammation and neurotoxicity

The Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) can modulate addiction, pain, and neuronal cell death. Expression of some mGluRs, such as Group II and III mGluRs, has been reported in microglia and may affect their activation. However, the expression and role of mGluR5 in microglia is unclear. Using immunocytochemistry and Western blot, we demonstrate that mGluR5 protein is expressed in primary microglial cultures. Activation of mGluR5 using the selective agonist (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG) significantly reduces microglial activation in response to lipopolysaccharide, as indicated by a reduction in nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and TNFalpha production. Microglial induced neurotoxicity is also markedly reduced by CHPG treatment. The anti-inflammatory effects of CHPG are not observed in microglial cultures from mGluR5 knockout mice and are blocked by selective mGluR5 antagonists, suggesting that these actions are mediated by the mGluR5 receptor. Anti-inflammatory actions of mGluR5 activation are attenuated by phospholipase C and protein kinase C inhibitors, as well as by calcium chelators, suggesting that the mGluR5 activation in microglia involves the G(alphaq)-protein signal transduction pathway. These data indicate that microglial mGluR5 may represent a novel target for modulating neuroinflammation, an important component of both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders.
Identification of rat hepatocyte plasma membrane proteins using monoclonal antibodies.

We have localized and identified five rat hepatocyte plasma membrane proteins using hybridoma technology in combination with morphological and biochemical methods. Three different membrane preparations were used as immunogens: isolated hepatocytes, a preparation of plasma membrane sheets that contained all three recognizable surface domains of the intact hepatocyte (sinusoidal, lateral, and bile canalicular), and a glycoprotein subfraction of that plasma membrane preparation. We selected monoclonal IgGs that were hepatocyte specific and localized them using both immunofluorescence on 0.5-micron sections of frozen liver and immunoperoxidase at the ultrastructural level. One antigen (HA 4) was localized predominantly to the bile canalicular surface, whereas three (CE 9, HA 21, and HA 116) were localized predominantly to the lateral and sinusoidal surfaces. One antigen (HA 16) was present in all three domains. Only one antigen (HA 116) could be detected in intracellular structures both in the periphery of the cell and in the Golgi region. The antigens were all integral membrane proteins as judged by their stability to alkaline extraction and solubility in detergents. The apparent molecular weights of the antigens were established by immunoprecipitation and/or immunoblotting. In a related study (Bartles, J.R., L.T. Braiterman, and A.L. Hubbard, 1985, J. Cell. Biol., 100:1126-1138), we present biochemical confirmation of the domain-specific localizations for two of the antigens, HA 4 and CE 9, and demonstrate their suitability as endogenous domain markers for monitoring the separation of bile canalicular and sinusoidal lateral membrane on sucrose density gradients.
The binding of magnesium, calcium, and chlorine ions to heavy and light meromyosin.

Abstract The binding of Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl− to heavy and light meromyosin is investigated by means of a precipitation technique and by means of dialysis. Magnesium and calcium are strongly bound above pH 4.5. The binding increases with pH and with the free-ion concentration. The binding has been studied as function of the free-ion concentration for different pH values, both for heavy and light meromyosin. The isoelectric point of myosin is shifted to pH 8.7 in 10−2M MgCl2 and to 9.1 in 10−1M MgCl2. It is confirmed that the w term for salt-free myosin is about 7 × 10−3, a value much lower than for proteins like serum and egg albumin, and comparable to this value in polymethacrylic acid. Apparent dissociation constants and the number of maximum available binding places are calculated. For any combination of total magnesium and total protein the amount of free magnesium can be calculated. No difference between Mg and Ca binding is found. The two meromyosins do not show large differences in the binding of these ions. Myosin and meromyosins form with casein and pepsin the proteins with the strongest affinity for magnesium and calcium. The chlorine binding is studied too, and an apparent association constant of about 100 is calculated. The binding of chlorine increases strongly with decreasing pH and is zero above pH 6 for heavy and pH 5 for light meromyosin for 2 × 10−2M free Cl (10−2M MgCl2). The pH shift in the acid region and in the isoelectric point are used for the interpretation of the binding of different ions. An investigation on the potassium binding to myosin at pH 7.5 gave the result that bound potassium neutralizes the myosin at 5 × 10−2M free KCl, which explains the precipitation under these conditions.
The Influence of Reinforcing Fibers on the Morphology and Crystallization of Thermoplastic Polymer Composites

Semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymers are being used increasingly as matrices in high performance fiber reinforced composites. The crystallization kinetics and morphology of these polymers have been studied extensively, but relatively little attention has been given to the effects of the reinforcing fibers on the crystallization process. We have studied the effects of glass, carbon and aramid fibers on the rates of crystallization, the degree of crystallinity, and the glass transition temperature of such typical thermoplastics as poly(phenylene sulfide) and poly(ethylene terephthalate). Based on the isothermal crystallization studies using DSC, we find that, in general, reinforcing fibers increase the rates of crystallization and decrease the degree of crystallinity, the extent of these effects being dependent on the weight fraction of fiber in the composite, the specific type of fiber, and the nature of surface finishes (sizes) that may have been applied. The spherulitic morphology that develops in these polymers during the crystallization process, as characterized by polarized light microscopy, is also affected by the reinforcing fibers. In many cases, transcrystalline regions develop near the fiber surface due to nucleation effects.
Bronchopleural Fistula Resulting From the Use of a Thoracic Vent: A Case Report and Review

Pneumothorax is defined as the presence of gas or air within the pleural space. Standard treatment is usually based on the evacuation of the gas by various methods. The thoracic vent is a relatively new device used in the treatment of pneumothorax. This report focuses on the first major complication, as far as is known, associated with the use of a thoracic vent.
Chloramphenicol effects on DNA replication in UV-damaged bacteria.

Abstract Increasing UV-doses to cultures of Escherichia coli strain B/r decreased progressively the amount of DNA which was formed in the presence of chloramphenicol (160 μg/ml) from the amount formed in unirradiated control cultures in chloramphenicol-containing medium. This is attributed to the progressive inactivation of active sites of DNA replication by UV. In order to form DNA the bacteria must then replicate from the chromosomal fixed origin, an activity which requires protein synthesis and thus cannot occur in the presence of chloramphenicol. Such damage was shown to be subject to photoreactivation after lower UV-doses and thus is the pyrimidine dimer. After higher doses non-photoreversible lesions began to accumulate so that all such damage became non-photoreversible after 96 erg/mm 2 . The rate of synthesis of DNA in the presence of chloramphenicol was shown to be very close to the rate shown by bacteria incubated in the absence of chloramphenicol, indicating that all active sites of replication remaining after UV-damage remain active in the presence of chloramphenicol, as expected if the limiting effect of chloramphenicol is on initiation at the chromosomal origin and not due to reduction in rate of DNA replication. A much lower concentration of chloramphenicol (2 μg/ml) blocking only the chloramphenicol-sensitive event in control of DNA replication described by Ward and Glaser 15 , imposed a limitation in DNA accumulation in the culture of somewhat less than a doubling, as would be expected if the antibiotic at this concentration does not block the chloramphenicol-resistant control event. DNA degradation occured with incubation of bacteria given a UV-dose sufficient to inactivate all active DNA replication sites on their chromosomes, when in medium containing chloramphenicol concentrations (above 20 μg/ml) sufficient to block the chloramphenicol-resistant control event. Such breakdown resulted in death. The damage responsible for such death and DNA breakdown was not photoreversible after this dose, supporting the hypothesis that breakdown results from non-photoreversible inactivation of active DNA replication sites. This was in contrast to increased death in UV-damaged bacteria promoted by nalidixic acid, a specific inhibitor of DNA replication, which could be prevented in part by light exposure after the same UV-dose.
The influence of structure on water treeing in crosslinked polyethylene: crystallization and annealing effects in bow-tie tree growth

Crosslinked polyethylene cable insulation is subjected to two types of thermal treatment. The first occurs during manufacture and is largely a result of the cooling process applied after curing. The second occurs during use, when the temperature of the conductor rises due to eddy currents. Miniature cables have been produced using a laboratory-size extrusion-curing-quenching facility designed to duplicate the manufacturing process. They have been subjected to heat treatments designed to resemble both types of thermal treatment encountered in practice. The effects of these thermal treatments have been evaluated using accelerated aging experiments, the nucleation and growth rates of bow-tie-type water trees have been determined. Major increases are observed in the nucleation rates of trees for annealing in the temperature range just below the peak melting temperature. Smaller but clear increases in the rate of growth of trees also occur. For higher annealing temperatures and higher crystallization temperatures, slight improvements in susceptibility to treeing occur in the quenched cables. >
The effects of fractionated local irradiation on the canine renal autografts

Abstract No statistically significant changes were found in urine protein, BUN, and serum creatinine up to 3 years after fractionated local irradiation of autotransplanted kidneys in beagles. (Cumulative total doses were 900, 1200, and 1500 rad.) No significant histopathological changes were noted in autografts treated with 900 rad. Focal glomerular and small vasculature injuries were observed in autografts exposed to 1200 or 1500 rad on light and electron microscopic studies.
The role of aspartic acid residues 405 and 416 of the kidney isotype of sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter 1 in its targeting to the plasma membrane.

The NH2 terminus of the sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBCe1) plays an important role in its targeting to the plasma membrane. To identify the amino acid residues that contribute to the targeting of NBCe1 to the plasma membrane, polarized MDCK cells were transfected with expression constructs coding for green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged NBCe1 NH2-terminal deletion mutants, and the localization of GFP-tagged proteins was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Our results indicate that the amino acids between residues 399 and 424 of NBCe1A contain important sequences that contribute to its localization to the plasma membrane. Site-directed mutagenesis studies showed that GFP-NBCe1A mutants D405A and D416A are retained in the cytoplasm of the polarized MDCK epithelial cells. Examination of functional activities of D405A and D416A reveals that their activities are reduced compared with the wild-type NBCe1A. Similarly, aspartic acid residues 449 and 460 of pancreatic NBCe1 (NBCe1B), which correspond to residues 405 and 416 of NBCe1A, are also required for its full functional activity and accurate targeting to the plasma membrane. In addition, while replacement of D416 with glutamic acid did not affect the targeting or functional activity of NBCe1A, substitution of D405 with glutamic acid led to the retention of the mutated protein in the intracellular compartment and impaired functional activity. These studies demonstrate that aspartic acid residues 405 and 416 in the NH2 terminus of NBCe1A are important in its accurate targeting to the plasma membrane.
A revaluation of the effect of parathyroid hormone on mucopolysaccharide metabolism.

A calculation, with its theoretical basis, is provided which suggests that the elevation in serum mucoproteins observed after PTE could not be attributable to resorption of bone matrix.
Solvent-induced configuration mixing and triplet excited state inversion exemplified in a Pt(II) complex.

The present study provides clear-cut experimental evidence for solvent-induced configuration mixing and complete triplet state inversion at room temperature in a Pt(II) charge transfer complex bearing a combination of energetically proximate charge transfer and intraligand triplet excited states.
Direct modulation of Na+ currents by protein kinase C activators in mouse neuroblastoma cells

We investigated the effects of different protein kinase C (PKC) activators on Na+ currents using the conventional whole-cell and the inside-out macropatch voltage-clamp techniques in mouse neuroblastoma cells (N1E-115). Two different categories of PKC activators were investigated: the cis-unsaturated fatty acids (CUFAs): oleic (cis-9-octadecenoic), linoleic (cis-9-12-octadecadienoic), and linolenic acid (cis-9-12-15-octadecatrienoic), and, the diacylglycerol (DAG) derivative 1-2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DOG). These substances caused the following alterations on Na+ currents: (i) Na+ currents were attenuated as a function of voltage. While DOG attenuated both inward and outward Na+ currents in a monotonic and continuous voltage-dependent manner, CUFAs preferentially attenuated inward currents; (ii) the steady-state activation curve of Na+ currents shifted to more depolarized voltages; (iii) opposite to the activation curve, the steady-state inactivation curve of Na+ channels (h curve) shifted to more hyperpolarized voltages; (iv) the time course of inactivation development was accelerated by PKC activators, while the recovery from inactivation was not affected; (v) substances that inhibit different metabolic pathways (PKC activation, cyclooxygenase, lipooxygenase, and P-450 pathways) did not prevent the effects of PKC activators on Na+ currents. One fully saturated fatty acid (octadecanoic acid), a trans-unsaturated fatty acid (trans-9-octadecenoic), and different phorbol esters did not affect Na+ currents; (vi) effects of different PKC activators on Na+ currents were completely reversible. These observations suggest that PKC activators might interact with Na+ channels directly. These direct effects must be taken into consideration in evaluating the overall effect of PKC activation on Na+ channels. Moreover, it is likely that this direct interaction could account, at least in part, for the diversity of effects of PKC activators on Na+ channels.
Simplified Estimation of Regeneration Energy of 30 wt % Sodium Glycinate Solution for Carbon Dioxide Absorption

A simple method for estimating the regeneration energy of CO2 absorption was devised. The regeneration energy of a 30 wt % sodium glycinate (SG) solution was calculated by the summation of the enthalpy of reaction, the sensible heat and the heat of vaporization. Each form of heat energy was determined experimentally. Solubilities of carbon dioxide in the SG solution was determined by gas chromatography (GC) analysis for the gas phase with the help of a virial equation for the liquid phase in the temperature range of 40−120 °C. Heat capacity of the solution was measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and was used to calculate sensible heat. The heat of vaporization was evaluated by applying the Clausius−Clapeyron equation to 20 data points of vapor pressure. All of the experiments were carried out with either a 30 wt % aqueous solution of SG or the same concentration of monoethanolamine (MEA). Regeneration energy of the SG solution was found to be higher than that of the MEA solution by about...
Graduate education: A bridge between two worlds

This essay is written from the perspective of a doctoral student in sociology who through experience became aware of a critical gap between worlds of practice and academia. My experiences reconfirm the view that applied and academic orientations are not antithetical but rather complimentary components of a realistic and integrated view of society. The pro-active position of this essay states that a student who sincerely seeks a comprehensive education will take the responsibility of seeking exposure to a broad range of opportunities which will provide the skills and insights necessary to contribute substantially to the future of sociology.
Self-assembling silicon nanowires for device applications using the nanochannel-guided "grow-in-place" approach.

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have been grown with our nanochannel-template-guided “grow-in-place” approach and used in-place for resistor and transistor fabrication. In this methodology, empty nanochannels of a permanent template literally guide the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism of SiNW growth and give control of the self-assembling nanowires’ size, number, position, and orientation. The approach is demonstrated to give self-positioned/self-assembled SiNWs which are then used for device fabrication without any intervening SiNW collection, positioning, and assembling steps. These SiNWs may be grown so that they are extruded from, or confined within, the permanent nanochannel-template, as desired. The nanowire grow-in-place fabrication approach offers the potential for mass and environmentally benign manufacturing. The latter potential arises since only the exact number of nanowires needed is fabricated and these nanowires are always fixed at the position of use by the guiding nanochannels.
EFFECT OF CHRONIC POISONING BY EMETINE ON OXIDATIVE PROCESS IN RAT HEART. I. EFFECTS ON LIPID METABOLISM AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

Emetine at a concentration of 3 × 10 −3 M completely inhibited endogenous respiration of rat heart homogenates as well as the respiration in the presence of added butyrate or β-hydroxybutyrate. At a concentration of 10 −4 M , the alkaloid elicited no effect. The inhibition observed was not specific for emetine, since quinine, at the same concentrations, was equally as effective in inhibiting respiration. Hearts from animals chronically poisoned by emetine, but not by quinine, showed impaired ability to oxidize these substrates. Chronic poisoning by emetine did not impair oxidative phosphorylation, nor did 10 −3 M emetine added to mitochondria prepared from hearts of unpoisoned animals.
Investigating context specificity, self-schema characteristics, and personality test validity ☆

Abstract Research indicates that providing a specific context in personality measures (e.g., “at school”) improves predictive validity. This study examined this issue in more detail, investigating a broader range of outcomes and the moderating role of self-concept clarity and self-concept differentiation. University students ( N = 158) completed online general and school-specific personality measures; questionnaires assessing self-concept clarity and self-concept differentiation; and measures of grade point average, leadership, and health. Results supported the benefits of using contextualized personality measures, with evidence demonstrating incremental validity for contextualized personality measures over general personality measures as well as significantly stronger relationships between contextualized personality measures and relevant criteria. Additionally, hypotheses related to the effects of clarity and differentiation were largely unsupported; however, some patterns suggested that it may be useful to continue to explore these self-schema structural characteristics in future research.
The systematic measurement of the perceived characteristics of information technologies I: Microcomputers as innovations

This study reports the results of the development of a test designed to measure the perceived characteristics of microcomputers as innovations. A three factor solution was obtained, with factors measuring complexity, compatibility, and trialability/observability. No factors emerged measuring relative advantage or perceived expense. All of the defined factors had acceptable levels of reliability and validity checks confirmed that the developed scales had construct validity. Issues relating to future research, model and theory building in the diffusion process, and longitudinal studies were discussed.
The effect of matrix strength on void nucleation and growth in a widmanstätten alpha-beta titanium alloy, CORONA-5

This paper presents the results of a study of the effect of matrix yield strength, at a constant Widmanstatten α microstructure, on the nucleation and growth of voids in an α-β titanium alloy, CORONA-5, Ti-5Al-4.5Mo-l.5Cr. Four microstructures with a retained β matrix and involving coarse or fine Widmanstatten α particles in coarse or fine β grains were used in different heat treatment conditions resulting in yield strengths from 765 to 1018 MPa. Void nucleation occurred atα/α boundaries, grain boundary α/matrix interfaces, α twin/matrix interfaces, and α twin/untwin boundaries. The void nucleation strain varied from 0 to 0.26 and was a function of both microstructure and yield strength. Void growth rates increased with yield strength for all microstructures except for those containing coarse α which decreased with yield strength. Intense shear was observed in colonies of fine α structures and was considered to be the cause of the observed rapid void growth rates in the fine β+ fine α microstructures. Surface cracking occurred in several aged conditions during straining. This cracking was attributed to strain concentration in α.
Compressive properties and function-composition relationships of developing bovine articular cartilage

The composition of cartilage is known to change during fetal and postnatal development. The objectives of this study were to characterize the compressive biomechanical properties of the 1 mm thick articular layer of cartilage of the distal femur from third-trimester bovine fetuses, from 1 to 3 week old bovine calf and from young adult bovine knees, and to correlate these properties with tissue components. The confined compression modulus increased 180% from the fetus to the calf and adult. The hydraulic permeability at 45% offset compression (relative to the free-swelling thickness) decreased by 70% from fetus to adult. These development-associated changes in biomechanical properties were primarily associated with a marked (approximately 2-3-fold) increase during development in collagen content and no detectable change in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. A role for collagen in the compressive properties of cartilage and the gradual increase in collagen during development suggest that collagen metabolism is critical for cartilage tissue engineering and repair therapies.
Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase as a marker in the differential diagnosis of metanephric adenoma

Metanephric adenoma (MA), a well-described renal neoplasm, usually behaves in a benign fashion. It may have areas that are morphologically similar to papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) type, or epithelial (tubular predominant) type Wilms' tumor. Prior immunohistochemical studies of MA have reported variable staining patterns. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), a molecular marker for prostate carcinoma, has subsequently been found to be overexpressed in breast, colorectal and ovarian cancers, among others. Recent microarray analysis of renal tumors has shown an increase of AMACR mRNA levels in papillary RCC but not in other subtypes. We investigated the utility of immunohistochemical staining for AMACR, cytokeratin 7(CK7), CD57 and WT1 to differentiate between the above-mentioned three neoplasms. Immunohistochemical stains were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 25 papillary RCC, 10 MAs and eight Wilms' tumors. AMACR was positive in one (10%) of 10 MAs and 24 (96%) of 25 papillary RCC, while it was negative in all Wilms' tumors. CK7 was positive in 20 of 25 papillary RCCs, focally positive in one Wilms' tumor and was negative in all MAs. CD57 was positive in all six MAs that were stained, focally positive in one of 25 papillary RCC and one of eight Wilms' tumors. WT1 was positive in seven of 10 MAs, three of 25 papillary RCCs and all eight Wilms' tumors. In conclusion, diffuse and strong immunoreactivity for AMACR may be useful in differentiating papillary RCC from MA but a panel which includes AMACR, CK7 and CD57 is better in this differential diagnosis. AMACR is not helpful in differentiating MA from Wilms' tumor, but CD57 is helpful in this differential diagnosis. WT1 may be useful in separating Wilms' tumor from MA and papillary RCC but is not helpful in differentiating MA from papillary RCC.
First time, every time: nucleosomes at a promoter can determine the probability of gene activation.

Transcription factor binding sites are found in either nucleosome-free or nucleosome-embedded locations, thus in vivo relationships between nucleosome position and gene activation are not fully understood. In this issue of Developmental Cell , Bai et al. show that binding sites located in nucleosome depleted regions guarantee high reliability, not amplitude, of promoter firing.
Demographic and clinical characteristics as predictors of readmission: A one‐year follow‐up

Follows up an earlier investigation in which demographic and clinical characteristics of psychiatric patients were used to predict readmission within 3 months of discharge. In the initial study, stepwise multiple regression analysis identified six variables as the optimal set of predictors for readmission within 3 months of discharge: type of discharge, number of prior psychiatric hospitalizations, race, suicide attempt within 1 month of admission, subjective report of depression upon admission, and occupational level (R = .452). In the present study the same sample was followed up at 1 year after discharge, and demographic and clinical variables were used to predict readmission within 1 year of discharge. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified three variables as the optimal set of predictors for readmission within 1 year of discharge: past history of suicidal behavior, subjective report of depression upon admission, and number of prior psychiatric hospitalizations. Changes in predictors as a function of length of follow-up period are considered, and implications of the findings for identifying high-risk readmission candidates are discussed. Language: en
Real-time vision-based automatic push button system

This paper presents a real-time digital signal processing system to detect the presence of pedestrians waiting to cross an intersection. A pedestrian detection algorithm is developed and implemented on a TMS320C40 DSP chip such that videosignals captured and transmitted from an actual intersection are processed in real-time. The detection algorithm consists of a background update and a background subtraction components applied to image blocks. The background update is done in order to cope with brightness changes that occur in actual outdoor scenes.In addition, waiting and moving pedestrians are distinguished by using the temporal changes of image block intensities. The results obtained indicate that this DSP implementation provides an acceptable detection rate for this traffic management problem.
Development and preparation of thin, supported targets and stripper foils☆

Abstract Usually, it is desirable to prepare thin films that are self-supporting so that any extraneous support materials will not interfere with experimental measurements. However, films with very low areal densities, films other than metals or films covering large areas may require the use of a backing or support. Two classes of supported thin films are being developed by the Isotope Research Materials Laboratory (IRML). Electrodeposition of oxide thin films is a fairly common target preparation technique that is usually performed on backings such as thin metal foils or low atomic number materials like Be and to a lesser extent, C foils. Techniques have been developed by IRML that result in electrodeposition of oxide films up to 500 μg/cm2 on carbon foils or aluminized mylar. Electrodeposition is a very attractive target fabrication method since it is very efficient in the usage of rare and/or valuable isotopes. The ability to prepare these films on carbon or mylar foils provides a target that has, in most applications, far less interference resulting from the backing. Thin films of carbon, aluminum, boron and titanium are being used as stripper foils in the generation of neutral (H− → H0) particle beams with energies of 50 MeV or greater. Neutralizer foils as large as 25 cm × 25 cm have been pr from Al and C in thicknesses ranging from 5 to 12 μg/cm2 that are mounted on thin nickel grids with a transmittance of approximately 90%. Significantly larger foils are currently under development.
Skin metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: incidence and impact.

Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper aerodigestive tract rarely metastasizes to the skin. This study was designed to review the incidence of skin metastases, to identify associated risk factors, and to investigate the prognostic significance of skin metastases. Methods A cohort of 2491 patients treated for SCC originating in the upper aerodigestive tract were evaluated retrospectively. Patients who developed skin metastases were evaluated with respect to tumor stage, treatment, and outcome. Patients with skin metastases were compared with patients who developed distant metastases at other sites and with those who did not develop distant metastases. Results Skin metastases developed in 19 (0.763%) patients. The median time to occurrence was 6 months. Ninety percent of patients died of disease within a median of 3 months (1 to 16 months) following diagnosis. The development of skin metastasis is most closely related to the presence of two or more cervical metastases and/or extracapsular spread of tumor in the cervical metastases. Similar risk factors were identified for the development of distant metastases to other sites. Conclusion Metastasis to skin is a rare occurrence which has prognostic significance similar to distant metastasis to other areas. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 21: 560–565, 1999.
A double homotopy method for decentralised control design

An iterative algorithm that is based on the idea of two homotopy paths is proposed for output feedback decentralised ℋ∞ control design. The approach follows a bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) formulation of the decentralised control problem. Along one homotopy path the BMI problem, which is non-convex, is locally linearised and solved. Along the second homotopy path the controller is deformed at each step so that in the end it attains a decentralised structure. The proposed computational algorithm can also be applied to obtain reduced-order decentralised controllers. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Interleukin‐1 induction of collagenase 3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13) gene expression in chondrocytes requires p38, c‐jun N‐terminal kinase, and nuclear factor κB: Differential regulation of collagenase 1 and collagenase 3

Objective To examine the mechanism of interleukin-1 (IL-1)–induced collagenase 3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13 [MMP-13]) gene expression in cultured chondrocytes for the purpose of better understanding how the gene is induced in these cells, and how it contributes to cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. Methods The transcriptional and posttranscriptional responses of the MMP-13 gene to IL-1 were assessed first. Then, direct inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and a constitutive repressor of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) were used to assess the role of each pathway in IL-1–mediated induction of MMP-13. Results We found that IL-1 induction of MMP-13 requires p38 activity, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity and NF-κB translocation. These results suggest that both NF-κB and activator protein 1 transcription factors are necessary for IL-1 induction of MMP-13. We also compared the signaling pathways necessary for IL-1 to stimulate collagenase 1 (MMP-1) in articular chondrocytes and chondrosarcoma cells and found that IL-1 induction of MMP-1 requires different pathways from those required by MMP-13. In chondrosarcoma cells, MMP-1 induction depends on p38 and MEK (an MAPK kinase of the extracellular signal–regulated kinase pathway) and does not require JNK or NF-κB. In articular chondrocytes, inhibition of MEK had no effect, while inhibition of p38 gave variable results. Conclusion These studies demonstrate, for the first time, that p38, JNK, and NF-κB are required for IL-1 induction of MMP-13. The results also highlight the differential requirements for signaling pathways in the induction of MMP-1 and MMP-13. Additionally, they demonstrate that induction of MMP-1 by IL-1 in chondrocytic cells depends on unique combinations of signaling pathways that are cell type–specific.
Management and security of remote sensor networks in hazardous environments using over the air programming

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) face many challenges including reliability, flexibility and security. When WSNs deployed in remote locations need to be reprogrammed, environmental conditions often make it impossible to physically retrieve them. Over the Air Programming (OAP) plays an important role in achieving this task. Additionally remote management of the WSN is crucial as it allows the user to monitor the download process. Cybersecurity of the WSN helps to ensure that the communication is properly authenticated. Several platform dependent protocols have been developed for OAP including Deluge and MOAP. Due to the restrictions of these platform-dependent protocols, any modifications to the hardware require modifications to the underlying protocol. For example, using OAP for iMote2 sensors requires porting Deluge from an existing hardware. We present the many challenges that we faced in making OAP possible on an iMote2 sensor network platform, including changes and upgrades to: file system management, Java toolbase and GUI implementation, reboot mechanism, robustness and boot loader. The performance of our OAP on the iMote2 platform is evaluated using a real sensor network along the completion time, overhead, and robustness dimensions.
Panic Disorder: Diagnosis and Treatment in Emergency Medicine

Panic disorder is a newly recognized psychiatric illness involving unexpected, unprovoked attacks of anxiety. Patients with panic disorder commonly seek treatment in the ED. It is important for the emergency physician to properly recognize and categorize this disorder to initiate appropriate treatment. Illness description and treatment guidelines of this disorder are discussed in this article.
Adsorption of ionized and neutral pentachlorophenol to phosphatidylcholine membranes.

Abstract We have studied adsorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP) to phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes by measuring the electrophoretic mobility of multilayered lipid vesicles in PCP solutions. PC vesicles become negatively charged due to the adsorption of ionized PCP, and we have found that their zeta potential depends upon the ionic strength and pH of the aqueous suspension. We have shown that the experimental results can be adequately accounted for in terms of a two-component Langmuir-Stern-Grahame adsorption model assuming that the ‘PCP adsorption sites’ are occupied either by the netural (HA) or the ionized (A − ) species. The characteristics of adsorption isotherms of the PCP - PC membrane are as follows the association constants are K A = 55 000 dm 3 /mol, K HA = 279 000 dm 3 /mol; 4.3 PC molecules make up each PCP adsorption site at saturation; the linear partition coefficients are β HA = (15.5 ± 0.7)-10 t -5 m and B A = (3.0 ± 0.3) · 10 5 m. The properties of PCP adsorption isotherms for PC membranes predict an increased p K a value of membrane-bound PCP, which has been observed in related studies.
Transmission through milk of antibodies against the Friend virus in mice.

THE immunoelectroadsorption method1,2 has in the past few years been used to detect the appearance of antibodies in mice infected with Friend virus. Using this method, we decided to investigate whether antibodies produced by pregnant mice could be passed to their progeny and, if so, which route was used—placental or milk. The possibility of the transmission of the virus to the litter was also investigated.
Sequential elution of proteins in small volumes by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Abstract A simple flexible method for separation of proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sequential elution into dialysis bags has been devised. The system was applied to isolation of three glycoproteins from the peritoneal fluid of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor.
Defects in Rutile. III. Optical and Electrical Properties of Impurities and Charge Carriers

Optical absorption spectra of various OH (OD) complexes in rutile have been studied as a function of light polarization, impurity concentration, and temperature. It is shown that the ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ (${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$) occupies sites in the basal plane, probably displaced somewhat from \textonehalf{}00, and can associate with various +3 substitutional cations, causing a shift of the OH (OD) stretching vibration to higher frequencies. Harmonic and combination-mode absorption has also been observed. Detailed absorption spectra and their polarization dependence for conduction-band electrons and for electrons in an Fe impurity band are presented, and the strength of the absorptions is related to the carrier concentration. These spectra apparently result from intra- or interband transitions of electrons. In neither case is a simple Drude-type absorption (as in a metal) adequate to account for the spectra. Preliminary data on the Fe impurity band indicate conductivity g0.1 ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at room temperature for a carrier density of \ensuremath{\sim}7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. Qualitative information on diffusion and solubility of various cation impurities is given. These data and results presented in the preceding papers permit a fairly complete, though not yet quantitative, description of the electronic defect structure of rutile. In particular, it is concluded that rutile does not normally exhibit $p$-type conductivity, because of the ease of formation of ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{4+}$ interstitials; and that the donor defect in "reduced" rutile may be either ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{4+}$ or ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$, depending on reduction temperature and ambient atmosphere, or may be any of a wide variety of metal impurities if these are present.
Wavelength-dependent propagation characteristics of Ag+-Na+ exchanged planar glass waveguides.

Planar glass waveguides fabricated by diffusion of silver ions in soda-lime–silicate glass substrates have been characterized by measuring the wavelength dependence of propagation constants of the guided modes. The results are in good agreement with theoretical prediction obtained by an accurate WKB analysis using a complementary error function for the index profile. Cutoff wavelengths of higher-order modes are larger than were predicted by the analysis and are a result of higher attenuation encountered close to the cutoff.
The role of ligand-ligand interactions in competition by fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products for fibrinogen binding to human platelets

Binding to human platelets of radioiodinated human fibrinogen and fragments X, Y, D, D1 dimer and E was studied to determine the domain of the fibrinogen molecule responsible for binding to the platelet receptor. Although the fragments did not bind, some were able to compete for the binding of fibrinogen to platelets. It was postulated that the fragments bound to fibrinogen and subsequently interfered with its binding to the receptor. Two approaches were developed to test this hypothesis. In the first technique, molecular exclusion on Sephacryl S-200 superfine was utilized to examine the interaction of radiolabeled fragments with fibrinogen. In the second series of studies, fibrinogen-Sepharose was prepared and the binding of degradation products directly determined. A spin dialysis apparatus was employed in each case to achieve rapid separation of bound and free radioligand. These studies demonstrated that fragments D and E bind to fibrinogen. Therefore, the mechanism by which degradation products interfere with fibrinogen binding to the platelet receptor is ligand-ligand interaction rather than binding of the fragments to the receptor. Since none of the radiolabeled degradation products bound to platelets, it appears that receptor recognition requires the intact molecule.
A beaconless node velocity-based stable path routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

All the stable path routing protocols proposed in the literature for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) require beacon exchange among the neighbor nodes in order to choose stable links and paths. We propose a beaconless node velocity-based stable path (NVSP) routing protocol for MANETs. NVSP is an on-demand routing protocol that uses the broadcast Route-Request query cycle to discover routes when required. During the propagation of the Route-Request (RREQ) messages, every forwarding node includes its current node velocity information in the RREQs. The bottleneck velocity of a path is the maximum of the velocity of an intermediate node on the path. The destination chooses the path with the smallest bottleneck velocity and sends a Route-Reply (RREP) packet on the chosen path. The lifetime of NVSP routes is 25–35% and 55–75% more than that of the routes chosen by the minimum-hop based Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol in networks of low and high density respectively. The lifetime of routes chosen by NVSP is 60–70% of the route lifetime incurred by the Flow-Oriented Routing Protocol (FORP), the routing protocol observed to determine the sequence of most stable routes in MANETs. On the other hand, the end-to-end delay per data packet and the energy consumed per packet incurred by NVSP are significantly lower than that of FORP and are lower or equal to that incurred for DSR.
Comparing cultivars of three cool‐season turf‐grasses for phosphate uptake kinetics and phosphorus recovery in the field

Abstract Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient in turfgrass culture and many soils do not contain sufficient available P to maximize turfgrass growth. Although P is generally required in substantially smaller amounts than either nitrogen (N) or potassium (K), wide ranges in tissue P have been reported in turfgrasses. Variation in P‐absorption kinetics of roots among turfgrass genotypes and its inheritance are important in the development of genotypes that are more efficient in P absorption. Therefore in 1990 and 1991, field studies of six cultivars each of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were conducted comparing clipping production rate, leaf blade P concentration, P‐recovery rate in clippings, and visual quality under a moderate P fertilization rate of 37 kg/ha/year. Phosphorus‐uptake kinetics of the same cultivars were compared under greenhouse conditions. Significant differences between species and cultivars ...
At Sea: Reclaiming a Serials Collection at a Small Specialized Library

This article describes a multi-year project in which a small specialized academic library worked to restore and optimize its print serial holdings for preservation and access. After a review of the literature the article focuses on project work flow, preservation, bibliographic control, and the criteria for decision-making processes among the librarians to determine appropriate titles to keep or discard. Provided are data collected on titles, some statistics, and tentative future plans to augment access and digitize holdings.
Body-plan evolution in the Bilateria: early antero-posterior patterning and the deuterostome-protostome dichotomy

Recent molecular analyses reveal common themes in early antero-posterior patterning in the four major groups of invertebrate deuterostomes and vertebrates in spite of large differences in the mode of gastrulation. Comparisons with Drosophila and Cnidarians suggest a scheme for evolution of the Bilaterian body plan and emphasize the pressing need for similar studies in a wider variety of organisms, especially more basal protostomes.