cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urine Cultures in Acute Pyelonephritis: Knowing What You Are Up Against.

Urine cultures can provide information on the microbiological cause and optimal treatment for patients diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis, but the need for routine cultures for patients with simple, uncomplicated pyelonephritis is unclear. In this Clinical Controversies series our pro and con discussants present opposing viewpoints of the benefits and drawbacks of routine urine cultures among patients with simple, uncomplicated pyelonephritis.
Complex Lymphatic Anomalies and Therapeutic Options

Complex lymphatic anomalies include a variety of disorders with overlapping clinical, histological and imaging features. The often-confusing nomenclature used for lymphatic anomalies limits timely diagnosis and treatment. The updated 2018 classification of the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies divides lymphatic anomalies into several subsets.1 Newer imaging techniques including intranodal and magnetic resonance lymphangiography have improved our understanding of anatomy and function of the lymphatic system. Advances in medical, interventional, and surgical treatments have opened a realm of new therapeutic options for patients with complex lymphatic disorders.
Eye tracking and virtual reality

Virtual Reality has the potential to transform the way we work, rest and play. We are seeing use cases as diverse as education and pain management, with new applications being imagined every day. VR technology comes with new challenges, and many obstacles need to be overcome to ensure good user experience. Recently many new Virtual Reality systems with integrated eye tracking have become available. This course presents timely, relevant information on how Virtual Reality (VR) can leverage eye-tracking data to optimize the user experience and to alleviate usability issues surrounding many challenges in immersive VEs. The integration of eye tracking allows us to determine where the viewer is focusing their attention. If we, as the content creators and world builders, need the user to focus on another area of the VE we can use techniques to attract attention to these regions and also we can confirm we are doing so successful as we continually track the users gaze. Advancing these approaches could make the VR experience more comfortable, safe and effective for the user.
You'll be Great: Virtual Agent-based Cognitive Restructuring to Reduce Public Speaking Anxiety

Public speaking is an essential task for success in many careers, yet fear of public speaking makes this an undesirable activity for most people and negatively affects the quality of many presentations. Cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective tool for helping people overcome social anxieties disorders, including public speaking anxiety. However, most people do not engage in this therapy for public speaking anxiety, due to time constraints and other barriers. We present a virtual coach that uses cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to help presenters restructure irrational thoughts associated with public speaking anxiety. The design of the virtual coach was informed by an analysis of a corpus of cognitive restructuring examples generated by a clinical psychologist. In a between-subjects experiment comparing the virtual coach to a control condition, the virtual coach was shown to be significantly better at reducing thoughts associated with speech anxiety and improving a presentation experience for speakers.
Cationic poly-amido-saccharides: stereochemically-defined, enantiopure polymers from anionic ring-opening polymerization of an amino-sugar monomer

Efforts to develop synthetic carbohydrate polymers, despite their potential uses in biomedical applications, lag behind those of synthetic polypeptides and polynucleotides due to their structural complexity and the challenging methods associated with their synthesis. While carbohydrate polymers with functional groups such as carboxylic acids (alginic acid) and amines (chitosan) are used as hydrogels and nanocarriers for therapeutics, the potential for contamination, batch-to-batch variation, and poor chemical definition limits their translation to clinical application. Inspired by these challenges, we describe efforts towards the design and synthesis of enantiopure, amine-functional carbohydrate polymers with defined stereochemistry, narrow molecular weight distributions, helical confirmations, water solubility, and degrees of polymerization up to 50. Multiple synthetic routes are described, along with their limitations, to highlight the role of protecting group choices in the successful development of these polymers.
Crude Oils Blending Problem in Oil Refineries to Prepare Feedstock into the Crude Distillation Unit

Some of the crude oil sources reaching the end of their lifecycles, and International Politics, play major roles in the supply of crude oils to an oil refinery. In this chapter, we discuss the procedures used by refineries to source what is available at best prices, and blend them into their feedstock optimally.
Sustainability marketing initiatives during the Syrian conflict: the role of international development projects

This research addresses sustainability marketing initiatives and the role of international development projects in supporting the most vulnerable segments in the course of the conflict in Syria. The most vulnerable segments in this regard include both IDPs (internally displaced persons) and refugees in Syria and in neighbouring nations such as Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan. This research recognises the sustainability marketing initiatives and the contribution made by international development agencies in adopting and implementing development projects to help and uplift the status of IDPs and refugees during the Syrian conflict.
A Biomimetic Robotic Jellyfish Based on Shape Memory Alloy Springs

Motivated by the swimming mechanisms of jellyfish, a novel concept is developed for a soft biomimetic underwater robot that imitates the shape and kinematics of a typical jellyfish. Compared to previous attempts by other researchers to design and fabricate a synthetic jellyfish, our prototype achieves comparable performance in a simpler, compact, solid-state design. The body of the robot is a thin, flat slab of silicone rubber in the shape of a central disk with radially protruding flaps. The central disk of the body is cast with an embedded pre-stretched shape memory alloy (SMA) spring, which is employed as an artificial muscle to create the swimming motion. When heated by electric current, the SMA spring loop contracts, causing a buckling instability of the central disk body and a relatively quick and large deformation to generate thrust. The flaps attached to the central disk provide a rowing-like mechanism to accentuate the swimming motion. Subsequently, without electric current, the SMA cools and the elasticity of the rubber body returns the robot towards its flat configuration. This reset occurs relatively slowly to minimize drag and allow swimming. The water environment (compared to ambient air) provides enhanced cooling of the SMA element to achieve a reasonable (two second) actuation period. Various operation and design parameters, including the amplitude of the input power, the duty cycle, the number of flaps, and the initial pre-stretch of the SMA spring, affect the swimming motion and propulsive thrust.
Pitting mechanism of mild steel in marginally sour environments – Part II: Pit initiation based on the oxidation of the chemisorbed iron sulfide layers

Abstract The role of trace concentrations of O2 (ca. 20 ppb(w)) relating to pitting in marginally sour environments was investigated in this work. Laboratory experiments were conducted with X65 mild steel specimens at pH 5.00 ± 0.01, 30 °C, 0.97 bar CO2 and 0.04 mbar H2S with/without O2 for up to 7 days. Acquired corrosion rate, the composition of the corrosion product layer, and surface profile after the layer was removed were compared. As a result, only H2S chemisorption layer was formed without oxygen; this layer could be partially compromised when [O2]aq > 3 ppb(w), leading to pitting initiation.
Artificial intelligence development in pediatric body magnetic resonance imaging: best ideas to adapt from adults

Emerging manifestations of artificial intelligence (AI) have featured prominently in virtually all industries and facets of our lives. Within the radiology literature, AI has shown great promise in improving and augmenting radiologist workflow. In pediatric imaging, while greatest AI inroads have been made in musculoskeletal radiographs, there are certainly opportunities within thoracoabdominal MRI for AI to add significant value. In this paper, we briefly review non-interpretive and interpretive data science, with emphasis on potential avenues for advancement in pediatric body MRI based on similar work in adults. The discussion focuses on MRI image optimization, abdominal organ segmentation, and osseous lesion detection encountered during body MRI in children.
Abstract P019: A Single Model For Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events In Individuals With And Without History Of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (aric) Study

Background: In the 2018 AHA/ACC Cholesterol guideline, risk stratification is an essential element. The use of a Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE) is recommended for individuals without atherosclerotic ...
A simplified method for separating renal MPCs using SLAMF9.

Mononuclear phagocytes comprise an array of tissue-resident and monocyte-derived cells with important roles in tissue homeostasis and resistance to infection. Their diverse phenotypes make functional characterization within tissues challenging, because multiple surface markers are typically required for subset identification and isolation by cell sorting methods. Analysis of SLAMF9 expression within renal mononuclear phagocyte populations by multi-parametric flow cytometry indicates that SLAMF9 is a specific marker for identification of kidney-resident CD45+ CD11c+ MHC-II+ cells corresponding to prominent tissue-resident MPC populations derived from dendritic cell progenitors in adult mice. High SLAMF9 expression was sufficient to identify and sort these cells from disaggregated tissue using a user-operated cell sorter. The population can be further subdivided according to expression of CD11b and CD14 to identify IRF8high cDC1 cells and cleanly separate the CD11bhigh F4/80low and CD11bint F4/80high CD11c+ MPC subsets. Therefore, SLAMF9 expression allows for the identification and sorting of kidney-resident CD11b+ CD11c+ CD64+ F4/80+ CX3 CR1+ MHC-II+ MPCs without the need for complex antibody panels or reporter mice, simplifying isolation of these cells for study ex vivo.
Robustness of Dual-Pump-Induced Ultrahigh Repetition Rate Pulse Trains Against Input Power Fluctuations

We demonstrate numerically that the temporal and spectral coherence of a pulse train generated through dual-color pumping a fiber can be maintained even in the presence of pump power fluctuations on the order of 5%.
Beyond Chevron's Domain: Agency Intepretations of Statutory Procedural Provisions

This Article examines procedural protections that safeguard substantive rights in administrative adjudications. Federal administrative agencies essentially conduct trials without a jury or an Article III judge, and their decisions are afforded deferential judicial review. Agencies also directly impact substantive rights through informal adjudications accompanied by only minimal procedures. For these reasons, we must closely watch agencies to ensure that regulated parties' rights are being adequately protected. The usual guardians of these rights are the federal courts. It is troubling, then, that the First Circuit recently abandoned twenty-eight year old precedent favoring formal procedures in agency adjudications where the enabling statute is ambiguous as to whether the agency must follow formal or informal procedures. This shift impacts a longstanding circuit split. Due to the absence of Supreme Court guidance or clear statutory language from Congress, agencies and lower courts must interpret ambiguous enabling statutes. This ambiguity has allowed agencies to increasingly favor informal procedures while courts have struggled with how to determine whether the APA's formal procedures are triggered in any particular case. Some courts, including the First Circuit, have granted Chevron deference to agency interpretations of their statutory procedural provisions. This Article argues this practice is inappropriate for two primary reasons. First, the rationales underlying Chevron deference - implied delegation and agency expertise - fail to support deference in this context. Second, Chevron deference maximizes the opportunity for agency discretion (and its accompanying concerns about agency self-interest) while potentially decreasing fairness to regulated parties. To address these concerns, the Article proposes that courts employ a nondeferential, contextual approach when interpreting ambiguous statutory procedural provisions regarding adjudications. This approach best recognizes the courts' expertise and institutional competence as well as the role of procedural formalities in protecting substantive rights from agency self-interest and arbitrariness.
Bitz, Ginoux, Jacobson, Nizkorodov, and Yang Receive 2013 Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Awards: Response

I am delighted and honored to receive this award. I am grateful to my nominators and to the AGU Atmospheric Sciences section for this recognition. Many of my students and colleagues have become my friends over the years. It has been a pleasure to share the joy of scientific discovery and companionship with them. I am also fortunate to have had teachers and advisors who inspired me and were generous with their time and encouragement.
Guidance for Developing Coastal Vulnerability Metrics

ABSTRACT Wamsley, T.V.; Collier, Z.A.; Brodie, K.; Dunkin, L.M.; Raff, D., and Rosati, J.D., 2015. Guidance for developing coastal vulnerability metrics. Appropriate coastal zone management and storm-damage risk reduction requires the assessment of vulnerability in natural and human environments. Confusion arises, however, as vulnerability is conceptualized in many different ways and is closely related to other concepts such as risk and resilience. This paper defines nomenclature, presents a conceptual definition of vulnerability, and lays out a proposed conceptual approach for identifying and defining meaningful metrics to ensure a complete assessment of coastal vulnerability. While the focus of this paper is developing metrics for assessing vulnerability to coastal storms, the approach is valid for a wide range of systems and hazards at multiple scales and can explicitly consider the impacts of climate change. The approach is demonstrated through application to a simply coupled human-environment system ...
Comparing Lightweight Polystyrene Concrete Using Engineered or Waste Materials

This paper investigates the difference between using manufactured or waste-expanded polystyrene (EPS) as an aggregate replacement in concrete. Concrete mixture proportions are held constant, whereas two types of EPS—reground waste material (RGD) and manufactured spherical bead (BD)—replace a portion of the fine aggregate. The plastic state and hardened state properties are quantified and compared between test batches and the plastic state measures of consistency, air content, and unit weight are reported in this paper. The measures hardened state properties include compressive strength, elastic modulus, strength-weight ratio, and energy-related toughness as determined using compression load-deflection curves. The results indicate that, for comparable concrete mixtures, BD mixtures exhibited improved workability and reduced air entrapment or entrained air as compared to RGD mixtures due to differences in EPS particle surface characteristics. Furthermore, statistically significant increases in compressive strength and energy-related toughness are demonstrated for BD mixtures in comparison to RGD mixtures.
Augmented reality-assisted skull base surgery

Neuronavigation is widely considered as a valuable tool during skull base surgery. Advances in neuronavigation technology, with the integration of augmented reality, present advantages over traditional point-based neuronavigation. However, this development has not yet made its way into routine surgical practice, possibly due to a lack of acquaintance with these systems. In this report, we illustrate the usefulness and easy application of augmented reality-based neuronavigation through a case example of a patient with a clivus chordoma. We also demonstrate how augmented reality can help throughout all phases of a skull base procedure, from the verification of neuronavigation accuracy to intraoperative image-guidance.
Changing the Price of Pork: The Impact of Local Cost Sharing on Legislators' Demand for Distributive Public Goods

The provision of public services through national legislatures gives legislators the chance to fund locally-beneficial public projects using a shared national tax base. Nationally-financed, local public goods will be purchased at a subsidized price below marginal cost and may be inefficiently too large as a consequence. An important assumption behind this conclusion is that national legislators in fact demand more of the locally-beneficial project as the local price for projects declines. This paper provides the first direct test of this important assumption using legislators' project choices following the passage of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (WRDA'86). We find legislators' chosen water project sizes do fall as the local cost share rises, with a price elasticity of demand ranging from -1.3 for flood control and shoreline protection projects to perhaps as high as -2.5 for large navigation projects. The requirement of WRDA'86 that local taxpayers contribute a greater share to the funding of local water projects reduced overall project spending in our sample by 35 percent and the federal outlay for project spending by 48 percent.
Differential expression of glutamate receptors by the dopaminergic neurons of the primate striatum.

Neostriatal neurons are targets of glutamatergic input from the cortex and thalamus. Glutamate receptors are abundantly, but differentially, expressed by the striatal neurons. We previously described the presence of dopaminergic cells intrinsic to the primate striatum that increase in number following MPTP treatment. In this study we have used double-label immunocytochemistry to analyze the expression of the glutamate receptor subunits GluR1, GluR2/3, NR1, mGluR1, and mGluR5 in the dopaminergic cells of the striatum. Our results show that 75% of these cells express GluR1 while 25% of them express NR1. They do not express GluR2/3 or the group 1 metabotropic receptors. Our results suggest that this potentially important population of cells expresses only calcium-permeable ionotropic glutamate receptors. We speculate that glutamate may play a role in regulating the number of these dopaminergic neurons after MPTP treatment and may also influence their ability to release dopamine.
Evaluation of trap crops to manage harlequin bugs, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on broccoli

Abstract Broccoli (Brassica oleracea ‘Packman Hybrid’), mustard (B. kabar ‘Southern Giant Curled’), and rape (B. napus ‘Dwarf Essex’) were evaluated as trap crops to manage harlequin bugs,Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), in broccoli field plots during 1994 and 1995 in Montgomery County, Virginia. Mustard and rape prevented low densities of harlequin bugs from reaching the main broccoli crop, but at high densities harlequin bugs moved from the trap plants into the primary crop. This indicates that harlequin bugs attracted to trap plants may damage the main crop if their numbers reach relatively high levels.
The emission and absorption spectra of chromyl chloride in an argon matrix at 4 K

The emission and absorption spectra of chromyl chloride (and the pureW1 isotopic species) have been obtained in an argon matrix at 4 K. In emission, two systems are obtained and these correlate with the two systems previously found in the Abelson spectrum of the pure crystal and which were analyzed as the lowest singlet and triplet systems. The emission systems have, therefore, been assigned as phosphorescence and fluorescence.
Olefin saturation and acid reduction of 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid and derivatives by Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Abstract The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium metabolized 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid in shaking and nitrogen sufficient cultures. Metabolites identified included 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid, dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol and 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)- 1-propanol. Significantly smaller amounts of veratryl and vanillyl alcohol were also present. The abundance of the propionic acid and the propanol as metabolic products indicate that olefin saturation and acid reduction are important reactions catalysed under these conditions. Metabolites identified from the metabolism of 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-propionic acid included the above 1-propanol as well as veratryl and vanillyl alcohol; the identification of these benzyl alcohol derivatives as metabolites suggests that α,β-bond cleavage of this substrate was preceded by alkane hydroxylation at the α-position.
Clinical evaluation of PACS workstations: methodology and results

The University of Washington participated, during 1986-89, in a clinical evaluation of commercially available PAC systems under the sponsorship of the MITRE Corporation (Contract N55-200). As part of this work, we developed a general approach to the clinical evaluation of PACS workstations. This paper describes the approach and its application to a specific workstation, the AT&T CommView Diagnostic Workstation.
The GlideScope for videolaryngoscopy-assisted nasotracheal-to-orotracheal tube exchange in the intensive care unit in a patient with a known difficult airway

A 77 year old, nasally intubated man with a history of repeated episodes of airway obstruction requiring intubation due to recurrent laryngitis and a hypopharyngeal mass, needed nasotracheal-to-orotracheal tube exchange. The GlideScope videolaryngoscope was inserted, achieving a full view of the glottic inlet with the nasotracheal tube in situ. An endotracheal tube (ETT) loaded on a GlideRite Rigid Stylet was advanced through the oropharynx into view. Advancement of this ETT to the glottic opening was tested and achieved. With both tracheal tubes in view, the nasotracheal tube cuff was deflated and withdrawn from the glottic opening. While maintaining videoscopic visualization, the orotracheal tube was advanced through the vocal cords into the trachea. The benefits of this technique versus existing alternatives are discussed.
Patient-Centered Research Abstracts: Health Care Needs Assessment and Predictors of HIV Therapy Use Among HIV-Infected Residents of Single-Room Occupancy Hotels in the South Bronx

PURPOSE: AIDS continues to devastate urban communities, particularly among marginally-housed, ethnic minority, and drug-using populations. This study (1) describes access to comprehensive medical care, quality of HIV-related care, and attitudes regarding health among HIV-infected residents of single-room occupancy (SRO) hotels and (2) explores predictors of the use of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis and highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, community-based study of 69 Bronx SRO hotel residents during May 1998. Utilizing door-to-door recruitment, we administered a 41-item, anonymous questionnaire to assess participants' demographic characteristics, level of illness and health care utilization, use of HIV-related therapies, and perceptions of their own health and medical care. RESULTS: Of respondents, 65% identified as African-American or Black, 22% as Puerto Rican, and 13% as White or Other. The median age was 42; 68% were male, and 38% were high school graduates. Most individuals were marginally-housed (median stay = 9 months). Almost all participants (96%) paid for medical services via Medicaid. Of the 93% with HIV infection, 44% had been hospitalized at least once in the past year, 72% reported a history of AIDS-defining opportunistic infections, and the median CD4 count was 214. Over two-thirds were actively using drugs and/or alcohol. Among HIV-infected residents, 81% had seen a doctor in the last three months. However, only 67% felt they had a "regular" physician, and 48% felt their access to medical care was average to very poor. Among eligible HIV-infected persons, only 39% had taken HAART and 73% had taken PCP prophylaxis in the last week. Predictors for the use of HAART included absence of active cocaine and/or crack use (RR = 3.91; 95% CI 1.03–14.8; p < .03), use of PCP prophylaxis (RR = 5.69; 95% CI .85–38.1; p < .03) and the belief that HAART "can help people with AIDS" (RR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.28–2.44; p < .03). HAART use did not correlate with site or frequency of medical care or active alcohol or heroin use. Individuals with regular doctors were less likely to have visited an emergency room in the past 3 months (RR = .41; 95% CI .22–.76; p < .02) and more likely to be taking PCP prophylaxis (RR = 2.68; 95% CI 1.19–6.02; p < .008). CONCLUSION: Despite relatively advanced disease in this population of marginally-housed HIV-infected persons, significant proportions do not have a regular primary care provider, are not taking HAART, and report sub-optimal quality of and access to medical care. Active cocaine and/or crack use correlate with a lesser use of HAART.
Old Theories in New Places? Environmental Determinism and Bioregionalism∗

Bioregionalism is a contemporary environmental movement containing deterministic ideas similar to those of geography's environmental determinism. This paper examines the theoretical and practical i...
Fourier spectrum method to determine dose-to-clear in a photoresist

A Fourier spectrum method to determine the dose-to-clear in a photoresist is proposed. The frequency content of scanning electron microscope resist images is used to determine whether the resist has been dissolved. Using this method, the dose to clear the resist is calculated automatically instead of via visual inspection, a method in which operator influence can affect the result.
Bowenoid change in association with graft-versus-host disease: A cyclosporine toxicity?

dex finger (Fig. 2, B) was biopsied to exclude infection. The cyclosporine whole blood level had fallen to 1405 ng/ml by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. During the next 4 weeks, the patient's eruption became scaly and hyperpigmented and a third skin biopsy specimen was obtained. After his first biopsy showed GVHD, he was treated with high-dose systemic corticosteroids but his condition progressively deteriorated and he died 8 weeks after receiving the BMT. Light microscopic examination of the original skin biopsy specimen (Fig. 2, A) revealed acute GVHD (grade 1)7 accompanied by marked epithelial dysplasia resembling Bowen's disease (bowenoid changes) that included the following: (l) mitoses (some atypical) above the basal layer; (2) peculiar large, vacuolated squamous cells similar to those seen in Bowen's disease; (3) numerous dyskeratotic cells above the basal layer; (4) loss of orderly polarity in the lower half of the epidermis; (5) acanthosis; and (6) variation in the size and shape of keratinocytes in the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis. Full-thickness atypia as in typical Bowen's disease was not present. A biopsy specimen obtained I day after cyc1osporinewas withheld (Fig. 2, B) showed acute GVHD (grade 3)7 with mild epithelial dysplasia and regenerative changes in the lower epidermis. Examination of the skin biopsy specimen Fig. 1. Acute GVHD. Forearm of patient shows macular erythematous eruption on day 11 after BMT. Cyclosporine whole blood levels were at their highest (1529 ng/rnl).
Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor stimulates rapid phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosines in human U937 and HL-60 leukemic cells

GM-CSF is a colony stimulating factor which regulates growth and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. Also, it stimulates increases in c-jun expression and activates AP-1 enhancer activity. However, it is not clearly known how its signal is transduced. In this study, the effect of GM-CSF on tyrosyl phosphorylation was examined in Human U937 and HL-60 Leukemic cells by Western Blotting using anti-phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody and autoradiography. Evidence is presented that GM-CSF stimulates a rapid phosphorylation on tyrosines of several proteins of relative Mr. 150, 110, 95, 55, 48, and 15 kDa within 60 seconds. The effect of GM-CSF was blocked by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor ST638 but not by H-7. Both G-CSF and M-CSF were also effective in stimulating tyrosine phosphorylation. These results strongly support a role for tyrosine kinases in regulation of cellular events by GM-CSF in monoblasts.
Insertion reactions into the chromiumcarbon σ bond of h5C5H5Cr(NO)2R

A study is reported on reactions between h5C5H5Cr(NO)2R (R = CH3 and CH2C6H5) and each of the following unsaturated molecules: CO, SCO, SO2 and (CN)2CC(CN)2. Carbon monoxide and carbonyl sulfide do not insert into the CrCH3 bond of h5C5H5Cr(NO)2CH3 at room temperature (SCO) and in hexane or THF at reflux (CO). Sulfur dioxide inserts readily into these CrR bonds to yield stable, crystalline S-sulfinato complexes, h5C5H5Cr(NO)2S(O)2R (R = CH3 and CH2C6H5). Tetracyanoethylene furnishes h5C5H5Cr(NO)2C(CN)2C(CN)2CH3 with h5C5H5Cr(NO)2CH3 and both h5C5H5Cr(NO)2C(CN)2C(CN)2CH2 C6H5 and h5C5H5Cr(NO)2NC C(CN)C(CN)2CH6H5 withh5C5H5Cr(NO)2CH2C6H5. Spectroscopic evidence exists that h5C5H5Cr(NO)2C(CN)2C(CN)2R (R = CH3 or CH2C6H5) isomerizes slowly to h5C5H5Cr(NO)2NC C(CN)C(CN)2R in CH2Cl2 solution.
Cultivating Guanxi as a foreign investor strategy

This chapter focuses on fostering guanxi. The success of relationship marketing in China is based on guanxi networks. Credit extension for businesses that operate in China is closely associated with guanxi. The leadership problem is exacerbated by the relatively low numbers of available Chinese who are prepared to assume new management positions. Several factors affect a firm’s ability to cultivate guanxi, including company size, organizational design, mode of entry, and experience in China. The apparent size of the firm is an important factor when its managers try to develop a guanxi network. Foreign executives must identify potential key contacts, arrange meaningful introductions, and develop trust in personal and professional relationships. Foreigners need time to become familiar with local business practices and build networks. The Chinese partner who has guanxi with powerful people in the justice department and other government agencies can escape contractual commitments without retribution.
Does the Message Matter? A Field Experiment on Political Party Recruitment

Do men and women respond to various party recruitment messages similarly? Working with the Utah County Republican Party, we designed a field experiment in which we invited over 11,600 male and female party activists to attend a free, party-sponsored “Prospective Candidate Information Seminar” by randomizing different invitation messages. We found that women were half as likely as men to respond to recruitment—log on to the seminar website for more information, register for the seminar, and attend the seminar. While we found some suggestive evidence about what recruitment messages may particularly motivate women or men vis-a-vis a control message, our findings are inconclusive because of a low response rate. This first attempt to experimentally test gendered reactions to recruitment in a sample of active party supporters provides a valuable baseline for future research.
Radiation Oncology Quality: Aggressiveness of Cancer Care Near the End of Life

Purpose Quality in cancer care is an issue that has come to the forefront over the past decade. Although the American Society of Clinical Oncology has developed extensive quality metrics and goals, such as limiting chemotherapy being provided within the last 14 days of a patient's life, there are no similar quality metrics, and few data, in the field of radiation oncology. Methods In this study, morbidity and mortality records from 2008 to 2011 were reviewed for patients at Indiana University who received radiation therapy (RT) within 30 days of death; 63 patients met those criteria. Results Analysis showed that 22.2% of patients had Karnofsky Performance Status Scale scores >80, whereas 66.7% of patients had scores Conclusions These data are valuable in ongoing discussions of RT use at the end of life, especially as related to hospice underutilization.
Arresting malaria parasite egress from infected red blood cells.

The escape of mature malaria parasites from the confines of their host red blood cells is an essential yet poorly understood process. Recent studies now highlight a key role for parasite proteases that trigger the degradation of parasite and host membranes, leading to the egress of infectious parasite forms.
A phase space approach for detection and removal of rain in video

Nowadays, the widespread use of computer vision algorithms in surveillance systems and autonomous robots has increased the demand for video enhancement algorithms. In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on phase congruency features to detect and remove rain and thus improve the quality of video. We make use of the following characteristics of rain streaks in video in order to detect them: (1) rain streaks do not occlude the scene at all instances, (2) all the rain streaks in a frame are oriented in a single direction, and (3) presence of rain streak at a particular pixel causes a positive change in intensity. Combining all these properties we are able to detect rain streaks in a particular frame using phase congruency features. The pixels in a frame which are identified as rain streaks are then replaced using the pixel information of its spatial and temporal neighbors which are not affected by rain. When this method is used in conjunction with phase correlation, we are able to remove rain of medium density from videos even when complex camera movement is involved.
The development of a high bandwidth 1300 nm recording system

A 3-GHz bandwidth fiber optic analog transmission system has been prototyped using directly modulated 1.3-..mu..m InGaAsP semiconductor laser diodes. The low loss dispersion-free window in singlemode fiber at 1.3 ..mu..m allows the signal to be transmitted almost ideally. A high bandwidth photodiode/amplifier pair converts the signal back to an electrical form where it is recorded on a 6-GHz transient digital oscilloscope. 2 refs., 6 figs.
Stepwise Multivariate Linear Regression

Abstract Freund, Vail, and Ross [2], Goldberger and Jochems [3], and Goldberger [4] have given some results for the stepwise estimation of the parameters of a univariate regression model. We give here similar results for a multivariate linear regression model.
The mystery of marijuana: science and the U.S. War on Drugs.

The mystery of why marijuana is so severely repressed by law enforcement should be especially humbling for public health researchers in the United States and for the field of science studies more b...
One-dimensional spatial solitary waves due to cascaded second-order nonlinearities in planar waveguides

We report an experimental observation of one-dimensional spatial solitary waves due to cascaded second-order optical nonlinearities.
The Politics of Cleanliness in Northern Renaissance Italy

(1996). The Politics of Cleanliness in Northern Renaissance Italy. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures: Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 75-86.
Structural uniformity of neocortex, revisited

The number of neurons under a square millimeter of cortical surface has been reported to be the same across five cortical areas and five species [Rockel et al. (1980) Brain 103(2):221–244] despite differences in cortical thickness between the areas. Although the accuracy of this result has been the subject of sharp debate since its publication approximately 30 y ago, the experiments of Rockel et al. have never been directly replicated with modern stereological methods. We have replicated these experiments and confirm the accuracy of the original report. In addition, we have observed that the number of glial cells under a square millimeter of cortical surface depends on cortical thickness, but not on cortical area or species.
Mission boys, civilized men, and marriage: educated African men in the Missions of Southern Rhodesia, 1920-1945.

This paper examines what marriage may have meant to African men within the Christian elite of Southern Rhodesia. Using mission and government sources, it argues that domestic, Christian marriage was important to elite African men as a way of allowing them to achieve adulthood while remaining in good standing with mission sponsors who generally objected to or feared indigenous ideas of patriarchal male adulthood. Tracing life histories of two American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions ministers, one who succeeded in remaining within the mission system and one who left, blacklisted, it explores how domestic, Christian marriage defused many of the missions' suspicions of elite African men, while providing a way to acquire the economic, social and political power associated with full adulthood within the local context.
Oxygen tension clamp around single neurons in vitro: a computerized method for studies on O2 deprivation

This report presents a novel computerized oxygen tension clamp for use with single neurons. One main objective for developing such a system is to be able to study the intrinsic response of single neurons to graded hypoxia. The device described in this paper is comprised of three major subsystems: (1) an oxygen monitoring subsystem, (2) a motorized perfusion subsystem and (3) a computer subsystem for data acquisition and control. The clamp uses an oxygen scavenger (sodium hydrosulfite) to decrease O2 availability. The system has many advantageous features: (a) studies on hypoxia can be carried out without using chemical metabolic inhibitors to simulate hypoxia; (b) precise control of the O2 level around a given cell is feasible for extended periods of time; (c) rapid and accurate changes in the O2 level around a cell can be made because the O2 level is continuously monitored and adjusted by a computer; (d) other cells outside of the immediate vicinity of the cell being studied are not subjected to hypoxic exposures; and (e) the system is inexpensively built around readily available components.
Rubber Dam Clamp Ingestion, an Operative Risk: Report of Case

One hazard that has not been stressed sufficiently in connection with the use of the rubber dam in operative dentistry is the danger of a patient’s ingesting or inhaling the rubber dam clamp when he is lying in a supine position. A 6-year-old girl swallowed a clamp; it was recovered successfully after an esophagoscopy was performed. This incident led us to develop a method that would help prevent the problem of inhalation or ingestion of a rubber dam clamp. Dental floss or heavy black silk suture material is ligated to each clamp and is allowed to hang from the patient’s mouth. If a clamp should fall into the pharynx, it can be retrieved by pulling on the ligature. This technique is recommended to all operative dentists, especially to those working with children.
Evolution of the Slave craton

Greenstone belts in the Slave craton represent the episodic accumulation of volcanic and sedimentary rocks over as much as 200 m.y. In the western craton, volcanic and sedimentary rocks were deposited between 2.81 and 2.60 Ga on 2.9->3.1 Ga sialic basement, not tectonically juxtaposed with it. Deposition of 2.6 Ga turbidite and conglomerate sequences across the entire Slave craton was synchronous with, or followed by, the main phase of regional deformation and metamorphism at 2.6-2.58 Ga and final stabilization of the craton.
Scanning probe microscopy imaging of frequency dependent electrical transport through carbon nanotube networks in polymers

Frequency dependent electrical transport in the conducting networks of single walled carbon nanotubes embedded in polymers was studied by scanning impedance microscopy (SIM). SIM allows current flow in the nanotubes inside the polymer matrix at up to 100 nm below the surface to be imaged directly, providing a non-invasive approach for studying transport in these materials. The conductance of the composite is shown to be limited by a small number of bundle–bundle and bundle–contact junctions. For high frequencies, the SIM phase distribution along the networks is governed by the capacitive interaction between the nanotubes and the substrate and is in agreement with a transmission line model. For low driving frequencies the capacitive coupling to the back gate can be minimized and an approach for determining the potential distribution along the network by accounting for tip–surface capacitance variations is demonstrated. Thus, SIM provides a direct method for characterizing electrical transport through percolation networks formed by nanotube bundles in polymers or, more generally, nanorods in various matrices.
A Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Scriptaid, Enhances Expression of Functional Estrogen Receptor α (ER) in ER negative human breast cancer cells in combination with 5-aza 2′-deoxycytidine

Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone deacetylation, may play a role in loss of estrogen receptor alpha (ER) expression in ER negative human breast cancer cells. Our previous studies showed that pharmacologic inhibition of these mechanisms using the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA), and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, Trichostatin A (TSA), resulted in expression of functional ER mRNA and protein. Therefore, we sought to characterize the effects of a recently described HDAC inhibitor, Scriptaid, on cell growth and ER expression and function in ER negative human breast cancer cell lines. Scriptaid treatment of three ER negative cell lines, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435 and Hs578t, resulted in significant growth inhibition and increased acetylation of H3 and H4 histone tails. Quantitative Real Time PCR showed 2000-20,000-fold increase of ER mRNA transcript in all three cell lines after 48 h of Scriptaid treatment. Further, dose dependent re-expression of an estrogen responsive gene, the progesterone receptor (PR), indicated that induced ER is functional. As seen with TSA and AZA, Scriptaid and AZA co-treatment was more effective in inducing ER than Scriptaid or AZA alone. In vivo analysis using a xenograft mouse model bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors showed decreased tumor growth following Scriptaid or TSA treatment. Our results indicate that the novel HDAC inhibitor, Scriptaid, inhibits tumor growth in vitro and in vivo and, in conjunction with AZA, acts to re-express functional ER. These data suggest that Scriptaid or related HDAC inhibitors are candidates for further study in breast cancer.
Histamine inhibits conducted vasodilation through endothelium-derived NO production in arterioles of mouse skeletal muscle

Conducted vasodilation along arterioles manifests the spread of hyperpolarization through gap junction channels along endothelium. Whereas histamine increases the permeability of capillary and venular endothelium, its effect on the integrity of arteriolar endothelium is unknown. We tested whether histamine could inhibit conducted vasodilation. In second-order arterioles (2A) supplying the cremaster muscle of C57BL6, PECAM-1−/−, and eNOS−/− mice (8–12 wk), neither resting (16±2 μm) nor maximal (38±2 μm) diameters were different. Acetylcholine (ACh) microiontophoresis (1 μA, 500 ms pulse) triggered vasodilation that was conducted >1400 μm along arterioles. Neither local (14±2 μm) nor conducted vasodilation (10±2 μm) was different among mice. Histamine (5 μM) had no effect on resting diameter or local vasodilation to ACh yet inhibited conduction by >50% in C57BL6 and PECAM-1−/− mice (P<0.05); this effect was abolished after blockade of NO synthase or of soluble guanylate cyclase. Washout of histamine restore...
Does access services have a future

Access Services appeared as an organizational unit in libraries relatively recently, in response to some very specific trends in the library environment. Will this organizational model survive as new trends affect libraries in the future? This essay discusses some of the essential features of access services and speculates as to how they will evolve and remain relevant in the future.
Exercise training improves cardiovascular autonomic modulation in response to glucose ingestion in obese adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

This study examined the effect of aerobic exercise training on vagal and sympathetic influences on the modulations of heart rate and systolic blood pressure in response to an oral glucose load in obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Beat-to-beat arterial pressure and continuous electrocardiogram were measured after a 12-hour overnight fast and in response to glucose ingestion (75 g dextrose) in obese subjects with (T2D group, n = 23) and without (OB group, n = 36) T2D before and after 16 weeks of aerobic exercise training at moderate intensity. Autonomic modulation was assessed using spectral analysis of systolic blood pressure variability (BPV), heart rate variability (HRV), and analysis of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Glucose ingestion significantly increased low-frequency (LF(SBP)), low-frequency HRV (LF(RRI)), and the ratio of low- to high-frequency components of HRV (LF(RRI)/HF(RRI)), and decreased the high-frequency power (HF(RRI)) (P .05). In conclusion, a 16-week exercise training program improved cardiac autonomic modulation in response to an oral glucose load in obese adults, independently of diabetes status, and in the absence of remarkable changes in body weight, body composition, fitness level, and glycemic control.