cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supervised mutational signatures for obesity and other tissue-specific etiological factors in cancer

Determining the etiologic basis of the mutations that are responsible for cancer is one of the fundamental challenges in modern cancer research. Different mutational processes induce different types of DNA mutations, providing 'mutational signatures' that have led to key insights into cancer etiology. The most widely used signatures for assessing genomic data are based on unsupervised patterns that are then retrospectively correlated with certain features of cancer. We show here that supervised machine-learning techniques can identify signatures, called SuperSigs, that are more predictive than those currently available. Surprisingly, we found that aging yields different SuperSigs in different tissues, and the same is true for environmental exposures. We were able to discover SuperSigs associated with obesity, the most important lifestyle factor contributing to cancer in Western populations.
Religious Coping and Psychological Well-being in Latino Alzheimer's Caregivers

OBJECTIVES Prior research has demonstrated the benefits of religion on caregiver well-being; however, less research exists on the processes underlying this relationship, particularly in Latino Alzheimer's disease (AD) families. This study's aim was therefore to explore the direct and indirect influences of positive religious coping (RC-P) and negative religious coping (RC-N) on caregivers' experiences of depression and anxiety. METHODS The data are from the Circulo de Cuidado Study baseline interviews; participant eligibility criteria were that the person identifies as being Latino, providing at least 5 h of care weekly, and their relative has an AD diagnosis and neuropsychiatric symptoms. In person at-home interviews were conducted in Spanish with 67 caregivers. Religious coping was assessed with the Brief RCOPE; depression and anxiety were measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-Spanish version and State Anxiety Inventory. Multivariate regression analyses, controlling for caregiving stressors, were used to test our core hypotheses. RESULTS As hypothesized, RC-N had significant direct effect on depression (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.001) as well as partially mediated the relationship between caregiver subjective stressor and depression (p < 0.01) and anxiety (p < 0.01). However, contrary to our hypothesis, RC-P did not have a direct or indirect effects on psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with other studies linking RC-N to poorer caregiver outcomes. Caregivers who questioned God's power, perceived God punishing them, or felt abandoned by God reported greater levels of depression and anxiety. The results suggest that caregivers experiencing religious distress may feel overwhelmed and view a more hopeless future.
The financial burden experienced by families of preterm infants after NICU discharge

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Describe the financial burden and worry that families of preterm infants experience after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS We surveyed 365 parents of preterm infants in a cross-sectional study regarding socio-demographics, supplemental security income (SSI), and financial worry. We completed a multivariable logistic regression model to examine the adjusted association of financial worry with modifiable factors. RESULTS We found that 53% of participants worried about healthcare costs after NICU discharge. After adjusting for socio-demographic and infant characteristics, we identified that, aOR (95% CI), out-of-pocket costs from the NICU index hospitalization, 3.51 (1.7, 7.26) and durable medical equipment use, 2.41 (1.11, 5.23) was associated with increased financial worry while enrollment in SSI, 0.38 (0.19, 0.76) was associated with decreased financial worry. CONCLUSIONS We identified factors that could contribute to financial burden after NICU discharge that may advise future work to target financial support systems.
Nuclear masses near $N=82$ that influence $r$-process abundances

Nuclear masses are one of the key ingredients of nuclear physics that go into astrophysical simulations of the $r$ process. Nuclear masses effect $r$-process abundances by entering into calculations of Q-values, neutron capture rates, photo-dissociation rates, beta-decay rates, branching ratios and the properties of fission. Most of the thousands of short-lived neutron-rich nuclei which are believed to participate in the $r$ process lack any experimental verification, thus the identification of the most influential nuclei is of paramount importance. We have conducted mass sensitivity studies near the $N=82$ closed shell in the context of a main $r$-process. Our studies take into account how an uncertainty in a single nuclear mass propagates to influence the relevant quantities of neighboring nuclei and finally to $r$-process abundances. We identify influential nuclei in various astrophysical conditions using the FRDM mass model. We show that our conclusions regarding these key nuclei are still retained when a superposition of astrophysical trajectories is considered.
Enhancing Gene Regulation

Bioinformatic approaches reveal functional changes and the evolution of regulatory sequences that control gene expression.
High-pressure liquid chromatography. I. Quantitative separation of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and bases.

Abstract A high-pressure liquid column chromatographic method has been developed for the separation and identification of ribonucleosides, deoxyribonucleosides, and bases. This method is capable of detecting these components at 1.0 to 5.0 ng applied; is reproducible under conditions of constant pressure, temperature, and pH; and is rapid, requiring about 30 min for a complete chromatographic separation of ribonucleosides from deoxyribonucleosides and from bases. These separations were carried out under different pH values and buffers, namely, phosphate buffer containing 2.5% methanol at pH 6.9 and 3.0 or 50 m m sodium borate buffer, pH 9.0. These different conditions were utilized to obtain more definitive identification and quantitation of normal metabolites and their counterparts, the antimetabolites. The advantage of this method is that the 20 naturally occurring components are separated from each other by an isocratic elution method, alleviating the need for a gradient elution system, which produces a drift in the baseline with increasing concentration of the eluting buffer, especially when the instrument is operating at maximum sensitivity, thus hindering the quantitation of the separated components. The potential application of this method for the quantitation of plasma metabolites and antimetabolites such as Ara-C 2 , Ara-U, and F-pyrimidine is describe.
Architecture and dynamics of protein complexes containing proliferating cell nuclear antigen (352.3)

Many fundamental biological processes, such as signal transduction and cell cycle regulation, are carried out by dynamic, multi-protein complexes. Understanding the high-resolution structures of these complexes is one of the major challenges facing molecular and cellular biologists. Our laboratory is studying protein complexes containing proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). PCNA is a key replication accessory factor, which is best known for its ability to confer high processivity to DNA polymerases. PCNA interacts with a wide range of proteins that function in replication, repair, and recombination thereby regulating their access to replication forks. In addition, PCNA is post-translationally modified by ubiquitylation and SUMOylation, which promote the replication of damaged DNA and inhibit homologous recombination, respectively. We are using a combination of approaches including X-ray crystallography, small-angle X-ray scattering, single-molecule fluorescence, and Brownian dynamics simulations to ...
Identifying cosmic muck

A fireball that landed in the Canadian Yukon has yielded meteorite fragments that are proving difficult to classify — could they be the most primitive samples to have been found on Earth so far?
Transcription interferes with elements important for chromosome maintenance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract Transcription directed into a Saccharomyces cerevisiae autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) causes high-frequency loss of minichromosomes. Conditionally stable artificial yeast chromosomes were constructed that contain an inducible GAL promoter upstream of ARS1. Under growth conditions in which the promoter was inactive, these chromosomes were mitotically stable; however, when the GAL promoter was induced, the chromosomes became extremely unstable as a result of transcriptional impairment of ARS function. This interference by the GAL promoter occurred only in cis but can occur from either side of ARS1. Transcriptional interference of ARS function can be monitored readily by using a visual colony-color assay (P. Hieter, C. Mann, M. Snyder, and R.W. Davis, Cell 40:381-392, 1985), which was further developed as a sensitive in vivo assay for sequences which rescue ARS from transcription. DNA fragments from the 3' ends of genes, inserted downstream of the GAL promoter, protected ARS function from transcriptional interference. This assay is expected to be independent of both RNA transcript stability and processing. Philippsen et al. have shown that transcription into a yeast centromere inhibits CEN function in vivo (L. Panzeri, I. Groth-Clausen, J. Shepard, A. Stotz, and P. Philippsen, Chromosomes Today 8:46-58, 1984). We identified two 200- to 300-base-pair DNA fragments flanking CEN4 that rescued ARS1 from transcription. Both of these fragments protected ARS from transcription when inserted in either orientation. The 3' ends of stable transcripts are encoded by fragments that protected the ARS from transcription, suggesting that the protection was achieved by transcription termination. It is suggested that protection of elements important for the replication and segregation of eucaryotic chromosomes from transcription is necessary for their proper function in vivo.
Spontaneous acute subdural hematoma precipitated by cocaine abuse: case report

A novel complication of the illicit use of cocaine, a spontaneous acute subdural hematoma, is described. This case represents another addition to the growing literature on the negative effects of cocaine on the central nervous system. Photographic documentation of the lesion responsible for the hematoma is presented, along with a discussion of the possible pathophysiologic mechanism.
Enteric-Coated Potassium Supplements

To the Editor.— Despite previous widespread publicity concerning the hazards of enteric-coated potassium supplements, these preparations are still commercially available, prescribed, and dispensed. This was shown recently in a survey that we conducted of 25 pharmacies in the San Francisco metropolitan area. The notion that enteric-coated potassium salts are safer and less irritating to the gastrointestinal tract persists, and the hazards associated with their use are not generally recognized. Repeated reports have confirmed the association of intestinal as well as gastric ulceration with the administration of enteric-coated tablets of potassium chloride alone or in combination with thiazide diuretics. In addition to their hazards, the need for these preparations has been eliminated with the introduction of potassium-sparing diuretics and the availability of potassium supplementation in liquid and effervescent tablet forms. Initial report of small bowel ulceration associated with the administration of enteric-coated potassium supplements appeared in the mid 1960s. More recent reports,
N=2 supersymmetric coset model with orbifold structure

Abstract An example is studied of Kazama-Suzuki N =2 supersymmetric models whose diagonal modular invariant does not provide a conformal field theory with a unique vacuum state. A bosonic realization and the complete list of highest-weight states are obtained and the equivalence of the model to an orbifold is demonstrated.
Kristeva's Thérèse: Mysticism and Modernism

This essay focuses on Julia Kristeva’s recent volume Therese mon amour: Sainte Therese d’Avila (2008) , describing and placing this blend of novel, play, psychoanalytic cultural theory, and case history in the context of her work. I argue that the volume contributes to an understanding of religion’s impact—especially Catholic mysticism--on Western categories of women. I address in particular Therese ’s mysticism and modernist use of a feminine figure to subvert practices threatening the vitality of the psyche and of social relations. As in Kristeva’s earlier writing, her psychoanalytic approach to Catholicism’s influence continues to raise questions concerning the apparent stereotypes the approach may feed, especially that of the masochistic woman.
A child bereavement training program for parents

∗ Presented at National Council on Family Relations. Atlanta, November 1987 ∗ Funding from the University of Wisconsin‐Stout Faculty Initiative Research Grant is gratefully acknowledged
Transverse measurements of polarization in optically pumped Rb vapor cells

We have developed a simple heuristic method for determining the polarization of an optically pumped alkali-metal vapor. A linearly polarized probe beam traverses a vapor cell perpendicular to the pump-beam propagation direction, and the transmitted beam intensity is monitored for orthogonal linear polarizations. As the probe beam is scanned in frequency across the ${D}_{1}$ transition, its linear-polarization-dependent transmission can be used as a measure of the atomic orientation of the vapor. We analyze these transmission differences and their dependence on the alkali-metal number density in the vapor.
Isolation of an anabolic, uterotrophic compound from corn infected with Gibberella zeae.

A METABOLITE with possible anabolic and marked uterotrophic activity has been isolated from extracts of the fungus Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum).
Preliminary observation of a tidal intrusion front inside the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay

In situ sampling during flooding tidal flow and southerly winds shows the up-estuary translation of a surface front along the Thimble Shoal channel, which is located in the southern part of Chesapeake Bay. Currents and surface density were measured using a towed acoustic Doppler current profiler and CTD, and a ship-borne radar was used to monitor the orientation and planform of the front, which varied over time. These preliminary observations suggest that dense shelf water, upwelled to the surface along the coast near Cape Henry, Virginia, can be found well into the southern part of the bay during flood, and that the boundary between the intruding shelf water and less dense estuarine water has many of the same characteristics as tidal intrusion fronts found in smaller scale estuaries.
Hepatic Stellate Cell and Myofibroblast-Like Cell Gene Expression in the Explanted Cirrhotic Livers of Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation

Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are involved in hepatic fibrogenesis. Cell signaling associated with an insult to the liver affects an HSC transdifferentiation to fibrogenic myofibroblast-like cells. To investigate the transcriptional expression distinguishing HSC and myofibroblast-like cells between livers with and without cirrhosis. Tissue from ten cirrhotic livers (undergoing transplant) and four non-cirrhotic livers from the National Disease Research Interchange underwent cell separation to extract HSC and myofibroblast-like cell populations. Separated cell types as well as LI-90 cells were subjected to microarray analysis. Selected microarray results were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Differential expression of some genes, such as IL-1β, IL-1α, and IL-6, was associated with both transdifferentiation and disease. Other genes, such as fatty acid 2-hydroxylase only show differential expression in association with disease. Functional analysis supported these findings, indicating some signal transduction pathways (IL-6) are involved in disease and activation, whereas retinoid X receptor signaling in HSC from cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic livers varies in scope and quality. These findings indicate distinct phenotypes for HSC from cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic livers. Furthermore, coordinated differential expression between genes involved in the same signal transduction pathways provides some insight into the mechanisms that may control the balance between fibrogenesis and fibrolysis.
Calcium and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 target the TNF-α pathway to suppress experimental inflammatory bowel disease

Vitamin D-deficient IL-10 knockout (KO) mice develop accelerated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Removing dietary calcium from the diets of vitamin D-deficient IL-10 KO mice increased the severity of IBD. The mice fed either calcium or active vitamin D (1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25D3), developed an intermediate form of IBD, while the mice fed both calcium and 1,25D3 had the mildest form of IBD. TNF-alpha secretion from Con A-stimulated splenocytes was reduced by dietary calcium or 1,25D3 treatment. The IL-10 KO mice that received both high calcium diets and 1,25D3 treatments had the lowest TNF-alpha production. In the colons, a TNF-alpha-inducing transcription factor, LPS-induced TNF-alpha factor (LITAF), was inhibited by 1,25D3, but not by calcium. The inhibition of several TNF-alpha-related genes was associated with the decreased colitis in 1,25D3-treated IL-10 KO mice. Furthermore, fulminating IBD in vitamin D receptor/IL-10 double-KO mice corresponded with the increased expression of TNF-alpha and LITAF in the colon. Our results suggest that dietary calcium has independent effects on IBD severity and that 1,25D3 and high calcium together result in the maximal suppression of experimental IBD. The data support a model where dietary calcium and 1,25D3 treatment directly and indirectly inhibit the TNF-alpha pathway and suppress IBD.
Nuclear physics: New light on a cold war conundrum

Sharon Weinberger ponders a chronicle claiming that fresh evidence has cracked the 'Pontecorvo affair'.
Distinction between deterministic and random beam fanning in photorefractive materials

Photorefractive beam fanning is observed in diffusion dominated materials such as barium titanate and photovoltaic materials such as lithium niobate. Beam fanning in barium titanate has been extensively used to generate self-pumped phase conjugation. Beam fanning patterns in lithium niobate have been utilized in characterization of the photorefractive material. Two types of beam fanning have been shown to exist: deterministic beam fanning which results from the shape of the beam, and random beam fanning which originates from scattering of the incident beam from the surface and bulk of the crystal 1-4 . In this paper, we report on a careful analysis of both kinds of fanning, using a focused Gaussian beam of varying waists and incorporating randomness in amplitude and phase at the surface and through the bulk of the photorefractive material. We show that in photorefractive barium titanate, deterministic beam fanning, characterized by a deflection of the main lobe of the beam in the far field and an additional sideband, may dominate over waist sizes in the tens of microns, whereas random beam fanning, characterized by multiple lobes, dominate over waist sizes larger than tens of microns.
Testimony on the California Nuclear Initiative

The authors state that an increasing number of people are understanding the enormous importance of the nuclear controversy with 2000 scientists warning against nuclear energy in France; Germany and Japan are recording more and more persons opposing it; England slowing its nuclear program; Holland and Austria declining to expand their very small programs; the nuclear issue is a first political question in Sweden; Norway and Denmark are not building any reactors; East European countries are expanding very small nuclear programs; and the program in the USSR is 10 percent of that in the USA. The World Council of Churches discussed the issue at their annual meeting in Nairobi. Discussions on nuclear energy take place at technical and broad issue levels. The authors state that small research reactors are an invaluable scientific tool, but when they get large enough to produce a large portion of electric power of a country, they also produce large quantities of plutonium and other radioactive elements. They summarize their objections to nuclear reactors in four points: mass production of poisonous substances; production of plutonium as an atomic bomb substance; nuclear energy is not necessary; and the economy of nuclear energy. Others have said that the nuclear establishment claims it knows all the technical details of a reactor and that the anti-nuclear establishment is largely emotional. The authors see this remark in an opposite view: they feel that nuclear technologists' work will become obsolete in about two decades, industrialists have invested billions in an industry that is to be defunct, and politicians have funded projects that will not benefit the country; further, all these people become emotional when they hear these unpleasant truths. (MCW)
The observation of OH in annealed optical fiber

We have observed OH in annealed optical fibers. We attribute the OH to silica glass reactions with water and possibly hydrogen, due to the combustion of the fiber's polymer jacket. In our annealing process, fibers were heated from room temperature to about 1200°C. The fiber's optical loss and the polymer jacket's combustion products were measured. Fibers heated with the jacket in place showed an OH absorption at 1390 nm, the amplitude of this absorption peaked at annealing temperatures near 950°C. OH was not detected in fibers annealed with the jacket removed. Fibers held at or above 1200°C began to devitrify.
Propylthiouracil (PTU) pharmacology in the rat. II. Effects of PTU on thyroid function

Using a sensitive and specific RIA for propylthiouracil (PTU), we examined the effects of short term (1 week) and long term (1 month) PTU treatment on thyroid function in the rat, and correlated changes in thyroid function with serum and thyroid PTU levels. After 1 week, dose-dependent decreases in thyroid PBI, serum T4, and serum T3 were observed, with concomitant elevations in the serum rT3 to T4 ratio and serum TSH. Fifty percent suppression of thyroid PBI occurred at a PTU concentration in the drinking water of 0.0005% (ED50), with concomitant serum and thyroid PTU levels of 0.3 micrograms/ml and 300 ng/thyroid, respectively. After 1 month of PTU, serum T4 values were lower than after 1 week of treatment for all PTU concentrations, but values for the other thyroid functional variables were similar to those in the 1 week group at comparable PTU dosage. The PTU dose-response curve for thyroid PBI was similar to that seen after 1 week of treatment, with an ED50 of 0.0004%. After discontinuation of PTU treatment, PTU disappeared from serum in a biexponential fashion, with an early rapid distribution phase (t 1/2 = approximately 4 h) and a second slower elimination phase (t 1/2 = approximately 2.6 days). In the thyroid, an initial increase in PTU content was seen up to 18 h after PTU withdrawal; thereafter, thyroid PTU declined linearly, with a t 1/2 of 1.4 days in both groups. After PTU withdrawal, thyroid PBI recovered with a t 1/2 of 1.09 days after 1 week on PTU, but recovery was prolonged (t 1/2 = 2.8 days) after 1 month of treatment. Log thyroid PTU and log thyroid PBI were linearly related after PTU withdrawal (r = 0.97; P less than 0.001) after 1 week but not after 1 month. Serum T4 and serum T3 remained below control values for 2 days, but then rapidly normalized, with T3 values rising transiently above the control value. This rebound occurred at a time when PTU was still present within the thyroid, before thyroid PBI had returned to baseline. These data indicate a close inverse relationship between PTU dose and both thyroid hormone biosynthesis and peripheral T4 deiodination. In addition, short and long term PTU treatments have quantitatively similar effects on thyroid function, although recovery of thyroid function is prolonged after long term treatment. The biexponential disappearance of PTU from the serum is compatible with a two-compartment model of PTU distribution. The early increase in thyroid PTU after drug withdrawal is suggestive of an inhibitory effect of PTU upon its own uptake by the thyroid, whereas the faster disappearance of PTU from the thyroid than from serum is consistent with intrathyroid drug metabolism.
The new politics of exclusion: Antecedents to the rebellion in Mexico

Thatcherism's search for “the enemies within”; its operations across the different lines of division and identification in social life...its rooting of itself inside a particularly narrow, ethnocentric and exclusivist conception of ‘national identity’; and its constant attempts to expel symbolically one sector of society after another from the imaginary community of the nation-these are as central to Thatcherism's hegemonic project as the privatization programme or the assault on local democracy...
DICTYA BEHRMANI, A NEW SPECIES OF SNAIL-KILLING FLY (DIPTERA: SCIOMYZIDAE) FROM INDIANA

Dictya behrmani Murphy, new species (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), from Indiana, U.S.A., is described and illustrated. A male collected near Belmont, Brown County, Indiana, U.S.A., represents the only known specimen of the new species. The most recent key to the genus Dictya is updated to include the two species de- scribed since publication of the key.
Optimization of a Concanavalin A-based glucose sensor using fluorescence anisotropy

To date, the dependent nature of the recognition and transduction mechanisms in optical glucose sensors based upon Concanavalin A (ConA) has tended to prevent the sensors’ full potential from being realized. In this paper, these mechanisms are independently optimized for a given assay configuration in order to decrease the predictive error of a ConA-based glucose sensor and to give a more accurate demonstration of its potential. To this end, we used fluorescence anisotropy as the transduction mechanism to determine the binding of ConA to 4 kDa FITC-dextran by measuring the change in the rotational correlation lifetime between the bound and unbound populations. By tracking the fluorescence anisotropy of this ligand, the ranges of ConA and 4 kDa FITC-dextran concentrations capable of being explored were not limited by the transduction mechanism. Using predetermined association constants, the binding responses to physiological glucose concentrations were predicted for different assay configurations, and expe...
Design and operation of a highly sensitive and accurate laser calorimeter for low-absorbtion materials

This work surveys techniques to measure the absorption coefficient of low absorption materials. A laser calorimeter is being developed with a sensitivity goal of (1 +/- 0.2)X 10-5 cm-1 with one watt of laser power using a CO2 laser (9 (mu) m to 11 (mu) m), a CO laser (5 (mu) m to 8 (mu) m), a He-Ne laser (3.39 (mu) m), and a pumped OPO tunable laser (2 (mu) m to 4 (mu) m) in the infrared region. Much attention has been given to the requirements for high sensitivity and to sources of systematic error including stray light. Our laser calorimeter is capable of absolute electrical calibration. Preliminary results for the absorption coefficient of highly transparent potassium chloride (KCl) samples are reported.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evaluation of a Nutrition Education Newsletter for Home-Delivered Meal Participants

Abstract Homebound elders are at high nutrition risk and are hard to reach through traditional, community-based nutrition education efforts. The purpose of this work was to assess changes in nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior in home-delivered meal participants after receiving a single-concept, monthly nutrition newsletter that was delivered with their meals. One hundred and fifty-two elderly home-delivered meal recipients completed a retrospective self-administered survey designed to measure perceived changes. Exposure to the newsletter significantly affected a positive change in overall knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Gender, life satisfaction, and baseline nutrition knowledge were related to these positive changes. This carefully crafted newsletter approach appears to be an effective and low-cost way to deliver nutrition information to homebound elderly.
Startle modulation before, during and after exposure to emotional stimuli

Although affective modulation of the startle reflex is a highly replicable effect, the majority of studies have administered startle probes during exposure to affective stimuli. To examine more comprehensively the temporal course of startle potentiation, we assessed blink modulation before, during and immediately after exposure to positive, negative and neutral pictures. During each trial, cues about the affective content of pictures were presented, after which acoustic startle probes were delivered either before picture onset, during picture onset or immediately after picture offset. As expected, we observed a linear relation between picture valence and startle amplitude during picture viewing. Surprisingly, startle amplitude was larger while anticipating pleasant and unpleasant pictures relative to neutral pictures. No significant effects were observed during the offset phase. These results indicate that startle modulation is conditional upon temporal factors linked to stimulus onset and offset.
Photoionization of tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium

The photoionization of gas-phase tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (Ir(ppy)3) has been examined. One- and two-photon studies yield a conservative estimate for the upper bound to the ionization energy of 6.4 eV. The one-photon experiment used 193 nm radiation. The latter experiments used tunable UV radiation to excite the ligand-centered 1LC state, which is followed by radiationless decay and photoionization. An accompanying paper presents a theoretical study of excited singlets and triplets and low-energy states of . The calculated ionization energy is ∼5.9 eV. The experimental and calculated results together indicate an ionization energy of ∼6 eV. An undulation in the ion yield spectrum (∼270 cm−1 spacing) was observed. It is due to structure in the transition that originates from T1, which is populated through radiationless decay of 1LC. At low fluence, is produced without fragmentation, despite the fact that a large amount of vibrational energy is present in T1. Specifically, this vibrational energy is the...
The Hybrid Option: A New Approach to Equity Compensation

Equity compensation can provide part of the expected reward needed to attract and retain talent while strengthening the unity of interest between management and its shareholders. But more can be done. Until now, managers and boards have used standard equity instruments such as restricted common stock and at-the-money stock options. Boards typically place various restrictions on these instruments to improve retention or alignment, or mix and match them according to taste or fashion. But each of these standard instruments has well-understood limitations. For example, employee stock options that are granted at the money are worth considerably less, on the day of the grant, to the managers that receive them than to the shareholders of the companies that give them. And the values of both options and restricted stock depend heavily on variables, like the general state of the economy, that have little or nothing to do with managerial performance. An instrument designed specifically for executive compensation can overcome these limitations. More specifically, the author proposes the use of options that are both in-the-money—to limit their value-to-cost discount—and indexed to industry- and market-wide variables—to tie rewards more directly to firm-specific performance. Properly designed, such a hybrid instrument could meet all the equity-based compensation objectives for a given company, greatly simplifying its compensation plans, while improving the balance among the compensation governance criteria of retention, alignment, and cost control.
On bandwidth for the tensor product of paths and cycles

Abstract The tensor product of graphs G1 and G2 is defined to be G = (V, E) where V = V(G1) × V(G2) and edge ((x1, y1), (x2, y2)) ϵ E whenever (x1, x2) ϵ E(G1) and (y1, y2) ϵ E(G2). We use G1(Tp)G2 to denote G. This paper establishes the bandwidth of the tensor product of a path with a path, a cycle with a path, and a cycle with a cycle. Optimal numberings to achieve each of these bandwidths are provided.
The pituitary-adrenal response to novel stimulation and ether stress in young adult and aged rats ☆

Pituitary-adrenal responsiveness to stress induced by either psychological (novelty) or physiological (ether) stimuli was examined in young (3 to 6 months) and old (24 to 27 months) male and female rats. In Experiment 1, subjects were placed in a novel environment for 3 min. Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. In Experiment 2, a blood sample was collected from experimental subjects immediately following 15 min in a novel environment; a basal sample was collected from control subjects. In Experiment 3, basal and stress blood samples were collected from subjects exposed to ether vapors. Blood samples were assayed for plasma corticosterone content. The major findings were: (1) no change with age in either sex in basal corticosterone levels or in the time course of the adrenocortical response; (2) no change with age in males in stress-induced increments in corticoids; (3) no change with age in females in corticoid elevations induced by a mild stressor (Experiment 1), but a decrement in elevations induced by more potent stressors (Experiments 2 and 3).
A review of position annihilation spectroscopy as a defect and microstructural probe of thin films

Abstract A general review is given on position annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) applied to the characterization of the defect and microstructural properties of thin films. Applications of PAS to thin films are presented as a function of processing parameters such as deposition rate, substrate preparation, reactive gas pressure and post-annealing. PAS can be used to investigate type and density of the defects in thin films, the atomic structure of defects such as vacancy complexes, extended defects such as dislocations and phase inhomogeneities. Through the application of “slow” PAS, a technique controlling the implantation depth of positrons into a thin film, the thickness and defect structure of individual layers within multilayered thin film structures may be determined, in addition to disorder, structure and impurity states at interfaces.
Exact boundary and distributed controllability of radial damped wave equation

Abstract We study the zero, closed loop and periodic controllability problems for the distributed parameter systems governed by the radial wave equations containing damping terms both in the equation and in the boundary conditions. These equations are obtained by the separation of variables in the spherical coordinates from the 3-dimensional damped equation with spacially nonhomogeneous spherically symmetric coefficients. We consider two types of controls: a) the distributed controls implemented as forcing terms in the right-hand sides of the equations and b) the boundary controls implemented through the boundary conditions. Applying the spectral decomposition method, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the exact controllability of the systems and provide explicit formulas for the controls for all three aforementioned problems and for both types of controls. The proofs are based on our recent results concerning the spectral analysis for the class of nonselfadjoint operators and operator pencils generated by the above equations and the boundary conditions. These operators are the dynamic generators of the systems in the energy spaces of two-component initial data. We do not restrict our analysis to the case when the spectra of the dynamic generators are simple and assume that they may have associated vectors, i.e., the algebraic multiplicities of their eigenvalues are greater than one.
Preparing globally competent leaders through innovative study abroad experiences

No one could argue with the fact that our world is changing at an exponentially rapid pace. As leadership educators, it is our role to prepare students for change in the global workplace and communities. This article will focus on one university's experiences taking leadership students abroad and using unique activities/discussions to study and build global leadership competencies.
Effects of an experimental flood on litter dynamics in the middle rio grande riparian ecosystem

The objectives of the study were to measure the effects of an experimental flood on : (1) leaf litter production by the riparian forest; (2) leaf decomposition; and (3) the amount of forest floor organic matter. The study area is located at Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, approximately 160 km south of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Experimental and reference study sites of about 3·1 ha were both located in cottonwood (Populus fremontii) riparian forests that had not been flooded for approximately 50 years. The experimental and control study sites were sampled for two years before flooding the experimental site. The experimental flood peaked on about 31 May, the average date of peak flow in the 100 year hydrograph for the USGS gauging station on the Rio Grande at Embudo, New Mexico. Litter fall was lower at the flood site than at the control site, whereas the rate of leaf decomposition was higher at the flood site during the period of inundation. However, the flood did not produce a measurable response in standing stock of forest floor litter. This pool of carbon may require the cumulative effects of several years of flooding to show a measurable response.
The molybdenum site of xanthine oxidase. Structural evidence from x-ray absorption spectroscopy

Xanthine oxidase was isolated from unpasteurized buttermilk by a standard procedure. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data indicate that reduced xanthine oxidase contains molybdenum in the four valence oxidation state. Curve fitting of the EXAFS data for oxidized xanthine oxidase suggests that there are two different Mo-ligand distances, 1.5 oxygen atoms at 1.71 A and 2 sulfur atoms at 2.54 A. Including a third sulfur atom at a longer distance significantly improved the fit. Several possible formulations are proposed. 2 figures, 1 table.
Column chromatographic separation of basic polynuclear aromatic compounds from complex mixtures

Abstract A new method for the column chromatographic separation of basic polycyclic fractions of extremely complicated mixtures is described. Heterocyclic hydrocarbons sterically hindered at the aza nitrogen atom are readily separated from non-sterically hindered aza compounds. Aza heterocyclic hydrocarbons with the same amount of steric hindrance are eluted in the order of their increasing number of fused rings per molecule. The method has been applied to the separation of the basic fraction of coal tar pitch. An alkylbenzo(h)quinoline, benzo(h)quinoline, benzo(f)quinoline, aridine, benz(a)acridine and benz(c)acridine have been identified. In addition, approximately 100 unknown compounds were believed to be present in the fractions. The evidence for this conclusion was derived from the absorption spectra.
Comparing the split-half reliability of androgyny and sex-typing measures

Abstract A large literature addresses the validity of androgyny and sex-typing as predictors of human behaviour, but research has been hampered by the lack of a precise methodology for operationalising these constructs. The principal components model (PCM) provides an exact operationalisation of these constructs, but has not yet been empirically contrasted with alternative nonexact methodologies. For six independent samples (71 Greek and 89 American college undergraduates; 29 Illinois and 38 Texas general internists; 396 male and 431 female American college undergraduates), the PCM had the greatest estimated split-half reliability for both constructs. The PCM also produced more, more reliable, and more sensitive classifications into the four-fold typology than did the median-split method. Findings highlight the importance of using culturally-appropriate measures of instrumentality and expressiveness.
Resting energy expenditure and delayed-onset muscle soreness after full-body resistance training with an eccentric concentration

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of an acute bout of high-volume, full-body resistance training with an eccentric concentration on resting energy expenditure (REE) and indicators of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Eight resistance trained (RT) and eight untrained (UT) participants (mean: age = 23.5 years; height = 180.76 cm; weight = 87.58 kg; body fat = 19.34%; lean mass = 68.71 kg) were measured on four consecutive mornings for REE and indicators of DOMS: creatine kinase (CK) and rating of perceived muscle soreness (RPMS). Delayed-onset muscle soreness was induced by performing eight exercises, eight sets, and six repetitions using a 1-second concentric and 3-second eccentric muscle action duration. A two-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that REE was significantly (p < 0.05) elevated at 24, 48, and 72 hours post compared with baseline measures for both UT and RT groups. Ratings of perceived muscle soreness were significantly elevated within groups for UT and RT at 24 and 48 hours post and for UT only at 72 hours post compared with baseline (p < 0.05). Nonparametric analyses revealed that CK was significantly increased at 24 hours post for both UT and RT and at 48 and 72 hours post for UT only compared with baseline (p < 0.05). Resting energy expenditure and indicators of DOMS were higher in UT compared with RT on all measures, but no significant differences were determined. The main finding of this investigation is that full-body resistance training with an eccentric concentration significantly increased REE up to 72 hours postexercise in UT and RT participants.
Intranasal lidocaine for the treatment of migraine headache: a randomized, controlled trial.

Abstract. Objective: To evaluate the effect of intranasal lidocaine for immediate relief (5 minutes) of migraine headache pain. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial at two university-affiliated community teaching hospitals enrolled patients 18-50 years old with migraine headache as defined by the International Headache Society. Patients who were pregnant, lactating, known to abuse alcohol or drugs, or allergic to one of the study drugs, those who used analgesics within two hours, or those with a first headache were excluded. Statistical significance was assessed by using chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Student's t-test for continuous variables. Patients rated their pain on a 10-centimeter visual analog scale (VAS) prior to drug administration and at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after the initial dose. Medication was either 1 mL of 4% lidocaine or normal saline (placebo) intranasally in split doses 2 minutes apart and intravenous prochlorperazine. Medications were packaged so physicians and patients were unaware of the contents. Successful pain relief was achieved if there was a 50% reduction in pain score or a score below 2.5 cm on the VAS. Results: Twenty-seven patients received lidocaine and 22 placebo. No significant difference was observed between groups in initial pain scores, 8.4 (95% CI = 7.8 to 9.0) lidocaine and 8.6 (95% CI = 8.0 to 9.2) placebo (p = 0.75). Two of 27 patients (7.4%, 95% CI = 0.8, 24.3) in the lidocaine group and three of 22 patients (13.6%, 95% CI = 2.8 to 34.9) in the placebo group had immediate successful pain relief (p = 0.47), with average pain scores of 6.9 (95% CI = 5.9 to 7.8) and 7.0 (95% CI = 5.8 to 8.2), respectively. No difference in pain relief was detected at subsequent measurements. Conclusion: There was no evidence that intranasal lidocaine provided rapid relief for migraine headache pain in the emergency department setting.
On Voluntary Action and its Hierarchical Structure

Abstract Les AA., cherchant a decouvrir quels sont les caracteres de l'organisation de quelques systemes biologiques au cours de la premiere enfance, montrent comment un comportement primitivement automatique et reflexe se transforme graduel-Iement en controle volontaire. Sur la base d'experiences qui ont porte sur la maniere dont deux activites conflictuelles, teter et regarder, s'integrent chez le bebe de 2 a 3 mois, on peut distinguer des etapes dans le processus d'organisation: (a) d'abord, suppression de l'une ou de l'autre activite; (b) ensuite, alternance des deux sans interference; (c), enfin maintien en place des deux a la fois: la structure des deux activites est integree dans un acte qui les comprend l'une et l'autre, les parties y etant cependant executees separement. Dans une autre experience, on observe que les bebes s'efforcent de voir nettement, but qui est fixe arbitrairement, en coordonnant sucage et regard, a l'aide d'une strategie de reponses qui est hierarchiquement organisee et adapt...
Maternal-Fetal Interaction and Immunological Memory

Female rats of the poorly responding, inbred F344 strain were immunized with poly(Glu 52 Lys 33 Tyr 15 ) aggregated with methylated bovine serum albumin, and then they were mated. The first and second litters in the F 1 generation and in the F 2 generation showed an enhanced immune response. When poly-lysine was used as the aggregating agent, enhancement occurred in only the first litter of the F 1 generation and in the F 2 generation. In both cases, antigen was transmitted from the immunized female to her offspring, where it localized in the bone marrow and, in a few cases, in the thymus and spleen also. The transplacental passage of antigen is probably the basis for the enhanced antibody response, which is a manifestation of immunological memory.
Service-Learning: Community-Campus Partnerships for Health Professions Education.

In 1995, the Health Professions Schools in Service to the Nation (HPSISN) program was launched under the auspices of the Pew Health Professions Commission as a national demonstration of an innovative form of community-based education called service-learning. The foundation of service-learning is a balanced partnership between communities and health professions schools and a balance between serving the community and meeting defined learning objectives. This article offers a definition of service-learning and an outline of its core concepts; it also describes how service-learning differs from traditional clinical education in the health professions. Further, the author discusses how service-learning programs may benefit students, faculty, communities, higher education institutions, and the relationships among all these stakeholders. The article concludes with brief descriptions of recommended resources for integrating service-learning into the medical school curriculum.