cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Review of: “Lane Ryo Hirabayashi, Akemi Kikumura-Yano, and James A. Hirabayashi (eds.), New Worlds, New Lives: Globalization and People of Japanese Descent in the Americas and from Latin America in Japan.”: Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002. Pp. 358. $60.00 (hbk); $24.95 (pbk). ISBNs 0 8047 4461 0 and 0 8047 4462 9.

In recent years, there have been an increasing number of publications on aspects of the Japanese diaspora—peoples of Japanese descent ( nikkeijin) scattered across various countries, primarily in t...
Specifying Trust in Government and its Impact on Support for War

Public perceptions of security threats and the impact that these perceptions have on the level of popular support for related policies are mediated by the level of public trust in the national government. Constraints on information about terrorism and war increase the importance of signals received from national government as individuals assess threats and evaluate counter-threat policies. Individuals are critical consumers of information. Rather than uniformly accepting elite signals or partisan cues, they interpret and respond to government signals about ongoing threat differently depending on the degree to which they trust the government. Nation-wide panel surveys of Americans during the last three years of the George W. Bush Administration demonstrate that changes in the level of trust in the national government regarding the threat of terrorism and the war in Iraq have significant impacts on perceptions of threat and levels of policy support for U.S. counter-terrorism and war-fighting policies. These effects vary depending on whether trust in the government is defined in terms of objectivity and truthfulness of the information provided, trust in the integrity of the politicians not to exploit this information for political or partisan purposes, and trust in the efficacy government policy. Unpacking the concept of trust in government helps to clarify when and how changes in trust are likely to affect the government’s ability to shape public opinion and mobilize public support for its policy initiatives.
Thrombus simulating flow void: a pitfall in diagnosing aqueductal patency by high-field MR imaging.

Thrombus du a une hemorragie d'un astrocytome du 3eme ventricule chez un homme de 21 ans atteint de maladie de Bourneville
Electrochemical Enzyme Immunoassay for Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen at Low Concentrations

Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been recognized as a sensitive indicator of recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). In the past 5 years, numerous PSA assays with improved limits of detection (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) have been developed by both clinical researchers and diagnostic assay manufacturers. The rationale behind the development of more sensitive PSA assays (e.g., lower limits of detection) is that the relapse of prostate cancer or the tumor-doubling time after radical prostatectomy can be detected much earlier if patients are monitored with more sensitive assays (16)(17). Here we report a rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for serum PSA at low concentrations by flow-injection electrochemical detection, which is based on the modification of the Tandem®-E PSA assay (Hybritech, San Diego, CA). EIA coupled with electrochemical detection offers low limits of detection with high specificity (18)(19)(20)(21). Electrochemical EIA is usually based on the conversion of an electroinactive substrate to an electroactive product by …
Research Issues Concerning Ethics and the Internet: How can We Live Well in Cyberspace?

In cyberspace humankind is creating a new world. Telecommunications, computers, the Internet, and its vibrant offspring, E-commerce—all parts of the vaunted National Information Infrastructure, NII—are among the latest of a long line of information technologies that are changing the way people relate to one another, the ways they communicate, live, work, do business, and entertain themselves. Novelist William Gibson coined the term “cyberspace,” in Neuromancer, to describe the virtual, digital world these technologies have made possible. He also sought to distinguish this new electronic bit realm from a physical world characterized by atoms and more traditional relationships [1].
The Suppression and Justification of Prejudice as a Function of Political Orientation

Politically conservative (versus liberal) individuals generally report more prejudice towards various low–status out–groups. Three studies examined whether prejudice suppression factors—specificall...
Convexity and a certain propertyPm

The propertyPm (directly analogous to Valentine’s propertyP3) is used to prove several curious results concerning subsets of a topological linear space, among them the following: (a) If a closed setS has propertyPm and containsk points of local nonconvexity no distinct pair of which can see each other viaS, thenS is the union ofm − k − 1 or fewer starshaped sets. (b) Any closed connected set with propertyPm is polygonally connected. (c) A closed connected setS with propertyPm is anLm−1 set (each pair of points may be joined by a polygonal arc ofm − 1 of fewer sides inS). (d) A finite-dimensional set with propertyPm is anL2m − 3 set. A new proof of Tietze’s theorem on locally convex sets is given, and various examples refute certain plausible conjectures.
Are Antibiotics Useful in the Management of Nontoxic Severe Ulcerative Colitis

Severely ill patients with ulcerative colitis are usually treated with parenteral corticoids. Those with signs of systemic toxicity usually receive antibiotics as well. However, the role of antibiotics in patients without high fever, profound leukocytosis, peritoneal signs or megacolon is not clear. Since 1985, seven patients who were admitted to the hospital with severe ulcerative colitis but without signs of toxicity have received broad spectrum antibiotics. The patients ranged in age from 21 to 65 years: four were male; all were white. Stools for infectious agents were negative. Each patient received intravenous prednisolone at a dose of 60 mg/24 h. After 7 days, each patient continued to have eight to 10 bloody stools per day with low-grade fever and leukocytosis. Institution of broad-spectrum antibiotics was associated with a striking resolution of bloody diarrhea and normalization of temperature. No patient has required colectomy in follow-up of 2-9 years. Whether the antibiotics are treating an undetected pathogen or eliminating non-pathogenic bacteria contributing to the inflammatory process is not clear. I suggest that severely ill patients with ulcerative colitis deserve a trial of antibiotics before being considered failures of medical therapy.
240 HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES OF LAMBS AND ADULT SHEEP TO HEMORRHAGE

Hemorrhage stimulates the secretion or cateoholamines by newborns and adults. This study directly compares the response of newborn and adult sheep to hemorrhage after alpha-blockade. We chronically instrumented 11 newborn lambs, and 8 adult sheep for continuous measurement of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and thermodilution cardiac output (CO). After pretreatraent with prazosin (P), an alpha-1 blocker, or vehicle (V) in a randomized, crossover fashion, each animal was hemorrhaged 20% of its blood volume. Cardiac output was measured at baseline; 20 mins after drug administration; after hemorrhage; at 100 mins, after which the animal was retransfused; and at 150 mins. Stroke volume (SV) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were calculated. The effects of treatment with P and V on the measurements are shown in the table. All deviations from baseline were significant (p<.05). There were greater decreases in BP, CO, SV and TPR in P-treated versus V-treated ewes (indicated by *, p<.05). This difference was not seen in the lambs. (NC denotes no change.) We conclude that catecholamines do not play a major part in the response to hemorrhage in the lamb. (Supported by NIH Grant HD 17644.)
Gender differences in salary and promotion in the humanities

In their annual review of academic salaries, the American Association of University Professors observes large gender-related salary differentials. At doctoral-level institutions, male professors at the rank of full professor earn 11.4% more than women full professors. Data on academic labor markets from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients to evaluate gender differences in salaries and promotion probabilities. Differences in employment outcomes by gender are found using two methods: the Oaxaca decomposition is used to examine salary differentials, and duration analysis is used to estimate promotion to tenure. While gender salary differences can largely be explained by academic rank, substantial gender differences in promotion to tenure exist after controlling for productivity, demographic characteristics, and primary work activity.
Patterns of adhesive specificity in the developing central nervous system of the chick.

A monolayer adhesion assay is used to measure the adhesive specificity of cells from the developing chick central nervous system. Telencephalic cells bind preferentially to mesencephalic cells in comparison to homologous cells. Mesencephalic cells bind preferentially to telencephalic cells in comparison to homologous cells. In the case of the telencephalon, heterologous specificity is measurable on the fifth through ninth days of embryonic life. Mesencephalic cells show a dramatic change in adhesive specificity between the fifth and seventh days of development. The developing optic tectum displays clear-cut regional differences in adhesive specificity. Anterior tectal cells bind preferentially to posterior tectal cells and posterior tectal cells bind preferentially to anterior tectal cells. The dorsal and ventral halves of the neural retina have distinguishable adhesive specificities for developing central nervous system cells. Dorsal retinal cells bind preferentially to mesencephalic cells rather than telencephalic cells while ventral retinal cells show the opposite behavior. The relevance of these findings to morphogenesis in the developing nervous system is discussed.
Exercise-induced ischemia in the streptokinase-reperfused myocardium: Relationship to extent of salvaged myocardium and degree of residual coronary stenosis

To assess the functional significance of residual stenosis at the site of the thrombolysed infarct-related coronary artery, 37 patients underwent exercise radionuclide ventriculography or stress-redistribution thallium-201 scintigraphy at an average of 7 weeks following streptokinase therapy during evolving myocardial infarction. The size of the initially jeopardized myocardium and the salvaged myocardium were quantitated on thallium-201 studies obtained immediately before and 10 days after streptokinase infusion. Exercise-induced ischemia (defined by reversible thallium-201 perfusion defects or stress-induced deterioration of regional wall motion) in the reperfused myocardium was absent in 46% of patients and was present in different degrees in the remaining 54%. A significantly lower proportion of patients, however, showed exercise-induced chest pain and/or ST segment depression (10% and 20%, respectively). By stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, the quantitatively determined size of the salvaged myocardium (398 units versus 65 units, p less than 0.01) and the ratio of the salvaged myocardium/extent of initially jeopardized myocardium (70% versus 28%, p less than 0.01) were both independent predictors of stress-induced ischemia, whereas the extent of initially jeopardized myocardium (585 units versus 407 units, p = NS), incidence of greater than or equal to 99% coronary stenosis (37% versus 46%, p = NS), and ischemic time (160 versus 196 minutes, p = NS) did not provide additional predictive information. We conclude that exercise-induced ischemia, which is frequently present in the streptokinase-reperfused myocardium, cannot be detected accurately by exercise-induced chest pain or ST segment depression, nor can it be predicted by the severity of residual coronary stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Conversion of optical transitions from forbidden to allowed by dynamic shell polarization

Abstract Transition-metal or rare-earth ions imbedded in crystals such as ZnS can give rise to intense absorption or luminescence involving 3d → 3d or 4ƒ → 4ƒ transitions, despite the fact that the usual parity selection rule forbids these transitions. It is now known that a photon's electric field induces oscillation of the negative-ion shells and creates a large dynamic Coulomb potential at the positive-ion sites having quadrupolar character. A quantitative study shows that even-parity transitions, so caused, can be stronger than dipole-allowed odd-parity ones. A recent claim that strong 3d → 3d transitions are to be attributed to crystal-field-induced mixing of opposite-parity wavefunctions is proven erroneous.
Imido Alkylidene Bispyrrolyl Complexes of Tungsten

We have prepared tungsten bispyrrolyl (Pyr) or bis-2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl (Me2Pyr) complexes W(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(η1-Pyr)2(DME) (1), W(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(η1-Me2Pyr)(η5-Me2Pyr) (2), W(NArCl)(CHCMe3)(η1-Pyr)2(DME) (3b), and W(NArCl)(CHCMe3)(η1-Me2Pyr)(η5-Me2Pyr) (4) (Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, ArCl = 2,6-dichlorophenyl) in excellent yields by treating the appropriate W(NR)(CHCMe2R‘)(OTf)2(DME) species with LiPyr or LiMe2Pyr. Compounds 2 and 4 react with ethylene slowly to yield stable methylene complexes, W(NAr)(CH2)(η1-Me2Pyr)(η5-Me2Pyr) (5) and W(NArCl)(CH2)(η1-Me2Pyr)(η5-Me2Pyr) (6). In contrast, treatment of what is believed to be a fortuitous 1:1 mixture of 3b and [W(NArCl)(CHCMe3)(η1-Pyr)2][W(NArCl)(CHCMe3)(η1-Pyr)(η5-Pyr)] with ethylene leads to formation of [W(μ-NArCl)(η1-Pyr)2]2 (7) in moderate (54%) yield. Compounds 2 and 4 react with [HNMe2Ph][B(ArF)4] (ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) in dichloromethane to yield cationic species that contain one η5-Me2Pyr ligand and one 2,5-dimethylpyrrolenine ligand formed through...
Causes and Consequences of Women's Employment Discontinuity, 1967-1973:

Using a sample of young White women from 1967 to 1973, this research finds support for the hypothesis that a single break in employment has immediate, adverse effects on occupational attainment. Job changes that were interrupted by an employment break yielded significantly lower gains in wages and job status than did uninterrupted job shifts and had relatively higher rates of downward job mobility. A critical factor was marital status, with married women having significantly higher rates of interrupted job mobility and significantly lower rates of uninterrupted job mobility. Structural explanations for the negative consequences of employment discontinuity are contrasted with a human capital explanation.
13C NMR spectra of organoaluminum compounds: evidence for an oxygenaluminum π-interaction

Abstract The 13C NMR spectra of some trialkylaluminum compounds and a series of alkoxy-bridged and amido-bridged organoaluminum compounds are reported and discussed. In the alkoxy-bridged compounds the OC resonance is sensitive to substitution at the aluminum atom and the degree of oligomerization. In the amido-bridged compounds the analogous carbon (NC) resonance shows no variation upon changes of substituents at the aluminum. These observations are used as evidence for the existence of an oxygen to aluminum pπdπ dative bond in the alkoxy-bridged compounds.
Density Gradient Centrifugation of Liver Mitochondria from Normal and Thyrotoxic Rats

Mitochondria isolated from livers of euthyroid rats are distributed in a single band on centrifugation through a linear density gradient of 37–52% sucrose. Mitochondria swollen by preincubation at 37 C or isolated from livers of severely thyrotoxic rats are distributed either in 2 bands or in a single band of increased sucrose density. The results suggest that mitochondria isolated from the same sample of rat liver differ in their responses to conditions producing swelling. (Endocrinology 78: 733, 1966)
Counseling and Technology: Some Thoughts About the Controversy

ABSTRACT Counselors, like many other professionals, are being forced to decide whether or not to make use of technology in their work. A review of the counseling and technology literature revealed existing controversies, and practical vs. philosophical concerns associated with incorporating technology into counseling. The underlying assumptions held by advocates and opponents of technology in counseling are reviewed and discussed. The premise of this article is that the controversy concerning computers in counseling may be misunderstood if taken merely at face value, and may be symptomatic of a much deeper disagreement. These differences can be further explored by recognizing the varying worldviews which can be characterized as modernist and postmodernist perspectives. In conclusion, tolerance of dual approaches to applying technology in counseling will best permit the counseling field to progress.
The Alcator C-Mod lower hybrid current drive experiment transmitter

Abstract Alcator C-Mod, is a high-field high-density, diverted, compact tokamak, which, in its present form uses inductive current drive and is heated with 5 MW of ICRF auxiliary power. C-Mod is in the process of being upgraded with a 4.6 GHz lower hybrid heating and current drive (LHCD) system. The purpose of the experiment is to develop and explore the potential of “Advanced Tokamak Regimes” under quasi-steady-state conditions. In this paper, an overview of the RF transmitter and the controls and protection systems for the Lower Hybrid Project is given. The transmitter will use 12 250 kW klystrons operating simultaneously which will result in a total nominal power at the klystrons of nearly 3 MW for a planned pulse width of 5 s. Active control system vector modulators provide phase and amplitude drive for each klystron, and I-Q detectors are used to monitor phase and amplitude. These feedback signals are used in digital controllers for closed-loop control of klystron phase and amplitude to preset values. An expected upgrade of four additional klystrons will result in a total nominal power of 4 MW. The transmitters have been tested to full power, and installation of the lower hybrid current drive experiment on the C-Mod Tokamak is expected in 2004/2005.
Operationalizing quality improvement in a pediatric surgical practice.

Abstract Background/Purpose Quality improvement (QI) is critical to enhancing patient care. It is necessary to prioritize which QI initiatives are relevant to one’s institution and practice, as implementation is resource-intensive. We have developed and implemented a streamlined process to identify QI opportunities in our practice. Methods We designed a web-based Pediatric and Infant Case Log and Outcomes (PICaLO) instrument using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap™) to record all surgical procedures for our practice. At the time of operation, a surgeon completes a case report form. An administrative assistant enters the data in PICaLO within 5–7 days. Outcomes such as complications, deaths, and “occurrences” (readmissions, reoperations, transfers to ICU, ER visit, additional clinic visits) are recorded at the time of encounter, during M & M Conferences, and during follow-up clinic visits. Variables were chosen and defined based on national standards from the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP), and Patient Based Learning Log. Occurrences are queried for potential QI initiatives. Results In 2012, 3597 patients were entered, totaling 5177 procedures. There were 220 complications, 278 occurrences, and 16 deaths. Specific QI opportunities were identified and put into place. Conclusion Data on procedures and outcomes can be collected effectively in a pediatric surgery practice to delineate pertinent QI initiatives. PICaLO is recognized by the American Board of Surgery as a mechanism to meet Maintenance of Certification 4 criteria.
New implant surgical guide

This article describes the process of making and using a surgical guide stent. It is intended to enable the surgeon to maintain the same horizontal and vertical axes of cylindrical endosseous implants during the surgical phase of implant placement as those determined at the treatment planning stage. Furthermore, the stent can be used with the entire series of surgical drills, thereby minimizing the chance of inadvertently enlarging the implant site as a result of freehand use of the handpiece.
Stress evolution in polycrystalline thin film reactions

Abstract We report on experiments to investigate the evolution of stresses under constant heating-rate conditions in Nb/Al multilayer films that react to form the trialuminide, NbAl3. The stress–thickness values during thermal cycling were determined by measuring changes in wafer curvature. The multilayer films were deposited onto thermally oxidized silicon wafers, and two bilayer thickness values of 23.2 and 72 nm were studied. The curvature data indicated that the formation of NbAl3 was accompanied by two separated tensile transitions. These transitions were attributed to the reduction in volume that occurs upon the formation of the trialuminide. The curvature studies were compared with differential scanning calorimetry investigations of the reaction conducted under similar conditions. It was found that the temperatures for the tensile transitions were comparable to those for the maxima in the rate of heat evolution in the calorimetric studies.
A supraliminal channel in a wireless phone application

Supraliminal channels are robust public channels based on multimedia content, allowing innocuous key exchange in the presence of an active warden. One approach to supraliminal communication embeds bits in the pseudo-random state used to produce computer-generated special effects in hybrid media such as a videoconferencing session.In this paper we describe an application for wireless phones whose audio effects betray pseudo-random state and hence potential key information for an innocuous exchange protocol. Implementation of a walkie-talkie application for the Apple iPhone shows that hundreds of bits can be reliably transmitted per effect.
Surface Structures and Properties of Diamond-Structure Semiconductors

Low-energy electron-diffraction and secondary electron-emission measurements have been made on (111) and ($11\overline{1}$) surfaces of GaSb and (100) surfaces of InSb. To account for the diffraction patterns observed both for these materials and previously for Ge and Si, a general model for (111) surfaces of diamond-structure semiconductors is proposed. Every second atom, counting along alternate close-spaced rows is raised with respect to its neighbors, being bonded to the sublayer by three $p$ bonds while the "dangling bond" is $s$ type. The remaining three-fourths of the surface atoms have dangling $p$ bonds and are bonded to the sublayer by trigonal $s{p}^{2}$-type bonds.The Ga or ($11\overline{1}$) face of GaSb has maximum sticking coefficients of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ and ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ for oxygen and C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, respectively, these values being 10 times greater than those found for the Sb or (111) face. Multilayer adsorption of oxygen takes place on all the surfaces measured. The oxygen can be removed by heat treatment alone. Evidence is presented to show that diffusion of oxygen into the bulk is an important mechanism for regenerating the clean surfaces by heat treatment. Carbon dioxide adsorbs on GaSb so as to show structure. It apparently deposits as an unbroken molecule, and, unlike oxygen, does not build up several layers.
MR imaging of the pelvis: a guide to incidental musculoskeletal findings for abdominal radiologists

Occasionally patients who undergo magnetic resonance imaging for presumed pelvic disease demonstrate unexpected musculoskeletal imaging findings in the imaged field. Such incidental findings can be challenging to the abdominal radiologist, who may not be familiar with their appearance or know the appropriate diagnostic considerations. Findings can include both normal and abnormal bone marrow, osseous abnormalities such as Paget’s disease, avascular necrosis, osteomyelitis, stress and insufficiency fractures, and athletic pubalgia, benign neoplasms such as enchondroma and bone island, malignant processes such as metastasis and chondrosarcoma, soft tissue processes such as abscess, nerve-related tumors, and chordoma, joint- and bursal-related processes such as sacroiliitis, iliopsoas bursitis, greater trochanteric pain syndrome, and labral tears, and iatrogenic processes such as bone graft or bone biopsy. Though not all-encompassing, this essay will help abdominal radiologists to identify and describe this variety of pelvic musculoskeletal conditions, understand key radiologic findings, and synthesize a differential diagnosis when appropriate.
Vision expert systems demand challenging expert interactions

The position paper raises many interesting points about the space of design choices for expert vision systems. However, the paper’s major focus is a limited one. It discusses the expected qualities of a professionally designed, fully operational, and perfectly debugged system for a specific vision task. Most existing expert systems have aspired to be none of these. Or, more accurately, a running expert system is better described as the most current end product of an ongoing errorful process of software development. A distinguishing feature of this process is that computer-naive experts interact with the emerging and evolving system in domain-specific terms, assisted by the system’s own explanations of its behavior. Since most expert systems are altered and maintained continually, the true hallmark of an expert system is whether such user-friendly rapid prototyping is easy. The question for an expert vision system is more likely to be whether such interaction could ever be possible. Developing expert systems for vision is a challenging departure from the usual methodology in several ways: in the choice of a domain, in the definition of a domain expert, in the construction of a visual inference engine, in the use of accelerating pieces of equipment, and in the design of appropriate user interfaces.
Evaluation of Mie Equations for Colored Spheres

Tables are given to enable the computation of the scattering and absorption of light by colored spheres. The parameters covered are α=0.2 (0.2) 2.0; m¯=0.50 (0.25) 3.00; and x=0 (0.1) 1.0.
Novel approach for merit function optimization in hybrid imaging system through finite impulse response method

Merit function with higher efficiency is helpful for lens design, especially in hybrid imaging system. Although different merit functions have been proposed in recent years, for example, Fisher information, Hilbert space angle, mean square error (MSE) based on optical transfer function, intermediate or restored image, structure similarity, correlation or statistical properties from point spread function (PSF). But it is still an unanswered question that which merit function is best for optimization in hybrid imaging system. So, a novel approach which is based on finite impulse response of hybrid imaging system is proposed. And several merit functions, blur MSE, PSF similarity, modulation transfer function (MTF) area and volume are evaluated by present method. The results show that performance of merit function is not only affected by noise, sampling ratio. But the effect of restoration filter should be also considered. Finally, compare with PSF similarity, blur MTF in area and volume; blur MSE provide much stable results in hybrid imaging system, which means it could be an optimized merit function in hybrid imaging system.
Mitochondria from human term placenta. II. Characterization of respiratory pathways and coupling mechanisms.

Abstract Pathways of electron transport utilized for respiration in human term placental mitochondrial preparations were differentiated and characterized through the use of classical respiratory chain inhibitors and multiple sources of reducing equivalents. Mechanisms of associated energy conservation and utilization were examined in these preparations with uncouplers and inhibitors of phosphorylation. Inhibition by rotenone, antimycin A and cyanide established the classical electron transport chain as the major pathway of respiration with glutamate and succinate as substrates. Approximately 20% of glutamate-supported respiration was insensitive to inhibitors and may proceed by the cytochrome P-450 linked pathway of electron transport. Approximately 50% of ascorbate-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine supported respiration was insensitive to 10−3 M cyanide and must utilize an undefined by-pass of cytochrome oxidase. A rotenone- and antimycin-insensitive, exterior pathway for NADH oxidation was demonstrated which could be artificially linked by exogenous cytochrome c to the cytochrome oxidase region of the classical electron transport system. Glycerol 3-phosphate also supported oxidative phosphorylation yielding ADP/O ratios of 2. Respiration of placental mitochondria was stimulated by 2,4- dinitrophenol and gramicidin. With succinate, dinitrophenol-stimulated respiration exceeded that obtain-red in the presence of ADP. Oligomycin and atractyloside prevented the stimulation of respiration by ADP. Thus, respiration appeared coupled through normal mechanisms to ATP formation and ion transport. A preferential coupling of respiration to the energy-utilizing processes of steroid hormone biosynthesis may exist.
Semiclassical wavepacket propagation in a hydrogen atom

Abstract A description of a new time dependent semiclassical theory for propagating wave packets is given in terms of Monodromy matrix elements. The nonlinear classical phase space aids in the obtainment of the semiclassical autocorrelation function, which for the case of a Coulomb potential is compared to its quantum analog.
Seyla Benhabib’s Interactive Universalism: Fragile Hope for a Radically Democratic Conversational Model

Seyla Benhabib reformulates discourse ethics into a radically democratized strong conversational model to address communitarian, feminist, and postmodernist critiques of Habermasian formulations. This model of interactive universalism extends concepts of universal moral respect and egalitarian reciprocity, enlarged thinking, and generalized and concrete Others. The procedural constraints of interactive universalism provide researchers a normative framework for investigating dialogical or conversational virtues that enable the model to thrive when deliberators engage in practical moral reasoning. Benhabib’s own engagement of critics of discourse ethics suggests one dialogical virtue that has moral weight: a modest, if fragile, hope that this conversational model can change deliberators and democratic discourse for the better.
kCompressed atmospheric radiative transfer algorithm (kCARTA)

A new monochromatic radiative transfer algorithm based on compressed lookup tables of pre-computed atmospheric molecular absorption coefficients has been developed. These compressed look-up tables are called the kCompressed Database. Our motivation is to compute monochromatic absorption coefficients for any realistic Earth atmospheric situation (pressure, temperature, gas amount) at the same accuracy as a line-by- line code, but faster. In addition, the procedure for producing atmospheric transmittances is extremely simple, and easy to code. Although the kCompressed Database was originally developed to compute layer-to-space transmittances that are needed to produce fast transmittance models for high spectral resolution infrared temperature and humidity sounders, we have now developed a complete (non-scattering) atmospheric radiative transfer code around the kCompressed Database, called kCARTA (for kCompressed Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Algorithm). In addition, Jacobians with respect to gas amount and temperature can be rapidly performed, providing the user insight to the regions to which the measured radiance is most sensitive.
Crystal chemistry of a Mg‐vesuvianite and implications of phase equilibria in the system CaO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐H2O‐CO2

Chemical analysis (including H,, F,, FeO, Fe,O,) of a Mg-vesuvianite from George- town, Calif., USA, yields a formula, R.9?Mgl.BBFe~.~0 A'10.~7Si1~.81- 06,.,,(OH)8.*4~0.,4~ in good agreement on a cation basis with the analysis reported by Pabst (1936). X-ray and electron diffraction reveal sharp reflections violat- ing the space group P4/nnc as consistent with domains having space groups P4/n and P4nc. Refinement of the average crystal structure in space group P4/nnc is consistent with occupancy of the A site with AI, of the half-occupied B site by 0.8 Mg and 0.2 Fe, of the half-occupied C site by Ca, of the Ca (I, 2,3) sites by Ca, and the OH and O( 10) sites by OH and 0. We infer an idealized formula for Mg-vesuvianite to be CaI9Mg(MgA1,)AI4Si, 8069(OH)9, which is related to Fe3 ' -vesuvianite by the substi- tutions Mg + OH = Fe3+ + 0 in the B and O(10) sites and Fe'+ = A1 in the AlFe site. Thermodynamic calculations using this formula for Mg-vesuvianite are consistent with the phase equilibria of Hochella, Liou, Keskinen & Kim (1982) but inconsistent with those of Olesch (1978). Further work is needed in determining the composition and entropy of synthetic us natural vesuvianite before quantitative phase equilibria can be dependably generated. A qualitative analysis of reactions in the system CaO-MgO-
Effect of Cottonwood Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Population Levels on Populus Terminal Damage

The cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F., is a major defoliating pest of Populus in North America. We determined the relationship between larval population densities and defoliation levels in central Iowa, and related that to potential biomass loss. During the 1995 and 1996 growing seasons, egg mass surveys were performed: in 1995 for generation 2 and in 1996 for all 3 generations. Open and caged Populus trees were infested with different populations of freshly eclosed larvae on actively growing terminals. The 1996 observations from the open and caged trees in the 2nd generation and from the caged trees in generations 1 and 3 are consistent with those of the open and caged trees of the 1995 2nd generation. The results from the open trees during the 1st and 3rd generations in 1996 are much different from those of the 2nd generation in either year. The probability of reaching damage levels that cause biomass loss is greatest for the 2nd generation. Egg mass density may be useful in predicting damage levels. Damage rating is an accurate estimator of foliage loss.
SU‐E‐T‐539: Dosimetric Evaluation of PTV Margins and Intrafraction Motion for Prostate SBRT

Purpose: We have initiated a phase I/II prostate SBRT trial using doses up to 50 Gy delivered in 5 fractions. With the small requisite margins, intrafraction prostate motion may compromise target coverage and/or dose to organs at risk. The purpose of this study is to investigate CTV coverage and dose to normal tissues, in the presence of intrafraction prostate motion, when different PTV margins and rectal immobilization strategies are employed. Methods: Nine prostate cancer patients treated with a rectal balloon and stereotactic body frame were selected for this study. Patients received 50 Gy in five fractions delivered with 13 coplanar 10 MV photon beams. The SBRT plans used 0, 1,2, and 3mm PTV margins. The tracking data from the Calypso Localization System were used to calculate motion probability density functions(PDFs). Calypso tracking data from conventionally fractionated prostate patients, treated without rectal balloons, were used to generate another set of PDFs. The planned static dose distributions were convolved with the PDFs to generate the delivered dose distributions. The planned and delivered doses were evaluated. Results: The mean planned dose to the CTV, PTV and bladder was slightly higher than the delivered dose. The CTV volume covered by the prescription dose decreased when intrafraction motion is accounted for, but remains 100% with 3mm margins and greater than 97% for no PTV margin. The mean planned dose to anterior rectal wall was less than the delivered dose and the conventionally fractionated group was higher than the SBRT group. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the dosimetric impact of intrafraction motion during prostate SBRT delivery with 3mm margins is not clinically significant with or without a rectal balloon. Use of a rectal balloon can reduce the delivered dose to the rectum and the severity of early bowel toxicity.
Using Genetic Algorithms to Identify Initial Operating Conditions for a Transient CVT Model

A Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) provides a continuum of gear ratios between desired limits. CVT is a promising automotive technology and a sundry of models has been researched to realize the potential benefits of a CVT. CVT, being a highly nonlinear system, has a definite operating regime where it is able to maximize the torque transmission. The numerical model presented in this paper is difficult to solve because of its sensitivity with respect to the initial operating conditions such as initial belt tension, axial forces, and driven preload. The present research focuses on using Genetic Algorithms (GA) to identify these operating conditions and to understand the various dynamic interactions in a metal pushing V-belt CVT. This paper uses continuous Coulomb friction approximation theory to model friction between the belt and the pulleys. The computational scheme, the mathematical models, and the results corresponding to different loading scenarios are discussed.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Charles creek flood zone modeling: A correlation study of environmental conditions versus water level in the Pasquotank watershed

The Charles Creek area in Elizabeth City, NC experiences frequent flood conditions seemingly unrelated to rainfall amounts. The purpose of this study was to compare barometric pressures, lunar cycles, wind directions, and wind speeds with water depth readings of Charles Creek (a tributary of the Pasquotank River). A static remote imaging system was used to measure water depth through pixel enumeration and referencing through remote sensing techniques coupled with custom image processing software. Environmental data was collected through Elizabeth City State University's National Renewable Energy Laboratory Weather Monitoring Station. The data was correlated using MINITAB (R) to find an equation to approximate a model of the rise of the Creek water level based upon environmental conditions. The regression equation had a coefficient of determination of 42%; this means there was a 42% probability the model was useful at predicting the pixel count based on environmental variables.
A Social Studies Teacher's Sense Making of Controversial Issues Discussions of Race in a Predominantly White, Rural High School Classroom.

In this qualitative study, the authors first explore the “sense making” of Emma, a former high school teacher (and co-author of this study), with regard to discussion of issues around race that became controversial in her social studies classroom. Her student population comprised predominantly white, rural, socioeconomically disadvantaged students, many of whom expressed racist views – on both “open” and “closed” issues - either privately with her or in classroom discussions. In the findings, the authors discuss Emma's views on teaching controversial issues, disclosure of personal viewpoints on controversial issues, the definition of “controversial issues,” the importance of building strong relationships with students before approaching controversial issues, and how to plan for controversial issues discussion. The findings have potential implications for social studies educators in teacher education programs who seek to prepare their preservice teachers for potential controversial issues surrounding race ...
Calculation of a Shear Strain Parameter for a Three-Dimensional Fung-Type Exponential Model of the Arterial Wall Under Torsion

The distribution of atherosclerotic lesions within the coronary arteries is highly localized, despite the fact that risk factors (e.g., dyslipidemia) are systemic nature. The biomechanical milieu of the coronary arteries is unique in that in addition to cyclic pressure, circumferential distension and shear stress, they experience mechanical deformations of twisting, bending, and longitudinal stretching due to their tethering to the dynamic epicardial surface [1]. Biplane cineangiographic reconstruction studies have demonstrated that the coronary arteries experience as much as 20° of torsion during a cardiac cycle [2]. Spatial variations in shear and mural stresses caused by this deformation could account for the heterogeneity of atherosclerotic plaques.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Visible sidelight emission in a CO2 laser

Abstract The changes in intensity of the visible sidelight emission from a CO2 laser, when laser action is switched on and off, have been experimentally determined and used to calculate effective vibrational temperatures of the laser system. The temperatures obtained are about 20 per cent higher than those obtained from conventional band strength analysis. Arguments are given to support the higher values.
Geometry and the nonlinear elasticity of defects in smectic liquid crystals

Rotation invariance imposes nonlinearities in the elastic strain of smectic liquid crystals. Though often neglected, in smectic liquid crystals these nonlinearities can generate new qualitative behavior, especially in the presence of defects such as dislocations. By exploiting geometry, I describe exact results on edge dislocations, and demonstrate a nonlinear superposition principle for certain multiple defect configurations. Though there are few exact results analogous to those of edge dislocations, results on twist‐grain boundaries hint at an approximate superposition principle for multiple screw dislocations also. These superpositions, which appear to be related to the theory of minimal surfaces, exhibit unexpected symmetries that are still poorly understood.
Acoustic radiation damping of flat rectangular plates subjected to subsonic flows. Part I: Isotropic

The acoustic radiation damping for various plates and semi-infinite strips subjected to a uniform, subsonic and steady flow has been predicted. The predictions are based on the linear vibration of a flat plate. The fluid loading is characterized as the perturbation pressure derived from the linearized Bernoulli and continuity equations. Parameters varied in the analysis include Mach number, mode number and plate size, aspect ratio and mass. Results show that the fluid loading can significantly affect realistic plate responses. In addition, acoustic radiation damping values can be greater than or equal to the structural component of the modal critical damping ratio (assumed as 0·01) for the higher subsonic Mach numbers.
In the Aftermath of a State Takeover of a School District: A Case Study in Public Consultative Discourse Analysis.

Although research has been conducted on state and city interventions of educational systems in urban districts in the United States, very little has been written from the perspective of an elected school board, the governing bodies being replaced during this era of reform. This case study illustrates how an elected school board in St. Louis, Missouri advocated for a return to elected governance following a period of state takeover using the tools of public consultative discourse analysis (PCDA; Scollon, 2010). Data sources consisted entirely of publicly available records and included agendas, handouts and minutes of meetings, media reports, transcripts of public hearings, reports, and policy documents. The analyses of the discourses included a close analysis of the textual devices that contribute to power and consent. In the spirit of PCDA, the elected school board did not simply analyze these texts and associated discourses but used the analyses to influence public policy. Three of the elected board’s in...
Intracavernous injection of prostaglandin e1 in spinal cord injured patients with erectile dysfunction. A preliminary report

Intracavernous injection of prostaglandin e1 in spinal cord injured patients with erectile dysfunction. A preliminary report
The impact of patrol staffing on police-citizen injuries and dispositions

This article examines the impact of one- and two-officer patrol units on police-citizen interactions which resulted in the filing of citizen complaints against the officer(s). Specifically, it is hypothesized that there is no difference between one- and two-officer units (1) in the rate of injuries to officers in hostile police-citizen interactions, (2) in the number of citizen complainant injuries received in such interactions, (3) in the number of resisting arrest-type charges placed against the citizen, and (4) in the type of charge placed against the citizen in the incident. The data indicate that the impact of staffing is felr more by citizens than officers. When controlling for shift and dangerousness of precinct of occurrence, citizens were found to be more likely to be injured in hostile police-citizen encounters than the police, especially when two officers were present. Officers in two-officer units were more likely to arrest the citizen in the incident which precipitated the complaint and the arrest of that citizen was most likely to be for the more serious charge of assaulting an officer. The results suggest that lone officers resolve more disputes without resorting to formal outcomes. The implications of these findings for police patrol strategy are discussed.
The relativized relationship between probabilistically checkable debate systems, IP and PSPACE

In 1990, PSPACE was shown to be identical to IP, the class of languages with interactive proofs [18,20]. Recently, PSPACE was again recharacterized, this time in terms of (Random) Probabilistically Checkable Debate Systems [7,8]. In particular, it was shown that PSPACE = PCDS[log n, 1] = RPCDS[log n, 1]. We study the relativized behaviour of the classes defined by these debate systems in comparison with the classes IP and PSPACE. For the relationships between (R)PCDS[r(n), a(n)] and IP and (R) PCDS[r(n), a(n)] and PSPACE we determine a natural boundary (in terms of the parameters r(n) and a(n)) separating direct-simulability and inequality (with probability 1). In addition, we show that if @?O, EXP^O[log n, log n] then P PSPACE.
Vector formulation for interferogram surface fitting

Interferometry is an optical testing technique based on the interference of light. Fringes are formed when the optical path difference (OPD) between a reference beam and an object beam is an integral multiple of the illuminating wavelength. This OPD is extracted through the process of sampling, ordering, and interpolating. This paper develops a linear-algebra vector notation model of the interferogram sampling and interpolation process.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Reconsidering the unemployment and crime relationship: Variation by age group and historical period

Although considerable research has examined the direct effects of age and economic conditions on crime, relatively little work has investigated the joint influence that age and unemployment may have on rates of criminal behavior. This study extends prior research on the unemployment-crime relationship by testing simultaneously for (1) variation in the unemployment-crime relationship by age group and (2) variation in the unemployment-crime relationship over time. Age-specific arrest and unemployment time-series data for the United States from 1958 to 1995 are used to test these hypotheses. The two main findings indicate that (1) unemployment has a greater motivational effect on property crime among youth and young adults and (2) the unemployment-crime relationship varies over time, but in a way that appears to be more random than systematic. The implications for future research are discussed.