cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
789-4 Simultaneous Dual Isotope Imaging with 99m-MIBI and 18FDG-SPECT for Evaluation of Myocardial Ischemia

An ultra high energy collimator for the Apex Helix (Elscint) was designed and fabricated with acceptable specifications for imaging both 99m Tc and 18 F. Five patients (59.4 ± 11.5 years, 4 males/l female) with a left ventricular ejection fraction of l 35% were studied to assess the ability of identifying hibernating myocardium using dual isotope, single acquisition (SOIA) SPECT with 99m Tc-MIBI/ 18 FDG. Patients were loaded with 25–50 grams of oral glucose and after approximately 60 minutes injected with 25 mCi of 99m Tc-MIBI and 10 mCi of 18 FDG. After a 35-minute distribution phase, they underwent 18 FDG-PET followed immediately by SDIA-SPECT (30 min acquisitionl. There was excellent correlation between the 18 FDG-PET/ 18 FDG-SPECT images. The study identified 2 patients with matched (MA) defects and 2 with mismatched (MM) (hibernating myocardium) defects. One patient had both a MM and a MA defect. Eighteen different patients (56.7 ± 12.2 years, 11 males/7 females) were studied using a rest (10 mCi 18 FDG)/stress (25 mCi 99m Tc-MIBI) SOIA-SPECT protocol to identify both acute on chronic and chronic myocardial ischemia. After oral glucose loading and myocardial distribution of 18 FDG patients underwent exercise or pharmacological stress followed by administration of 99m Tc–MIBI. Patients were imaged 15–30 minutes later with SDIA-SPECT. In the patients studied there were 16 MA defects, 12 MM defects and 2 normal studies. Eight of the 18 patients studied underwent cardiac catheterization with no false positive results. Conclusion Simultaneous dual isotope acquisition-SPECT using 18 FDG/ 99m Tc–MIBI may provide an alternative, accurate, cost-effective method com-pared to 13 NH 3 / 18 FDG or 201 TI reinjection to identify both acute on chronic myocardial ischemia and hibernating myocardium.
Unimodularly invariant forms and the Bravais lattices

In this paper we calculate the invariant symmetric bilinear forms for the representations that Auslander and Cook derive for the three-dimensional point groups. We then determine the Bravais lattices associated with these forms. In this way, we make explicit the correspondence between the Auslander-Cook classification of the cristallographic groups and the standard one in the International Tables for Crystallography
Three monochrome displays from a single, true color video display controller.

Some nuclear medicine computer displays, as well as many image processing workstations are “true color” machines characterized by independent memory and grey scale mapping for each of the red, green and blue color channels. Other color image display systems produce a color image from a single grey scale map composed of red, green, and blue intensity values (“pseudo color”). In the true color system the final image is obtained by overlays of three independent color images. In an effort to present complete nuclear medicine studies for diagnosis from cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) we have employed a true color display to present three times as much spatial information as the system was designed for by directing each color output from the display controller to a different monochrome black and white (b/w) monitor. Therefore our system displays a 512×512×24-bit true-color image, or three 512×512×8-bit monochrome images, or any combination of smaller size matrices. Monitor requirements, cabling, and general software considerations are detailed here. The ability to display complete nuclear medicine studies on CRTs (as currently presented on film) has been provided by adding monitors and software revisions to a commercially available nuclear medicine computer system.
Secure, reliable, transacted: innovation in Web Services architecture

This paper discusses the design of Web Services Protocols paying special attention to composition of such protocols. The transaction related protocols are discussed as exemplars.
Measurement of urethral compliance in females with stress incontinence

Urodynamic evaluation of stress incontinence has failed to result in consistent diagnostic parameters. Using retrospective female bladder pressure and urine flow data, we evaluated two parameters based on a conductance formula. This formula was derived from fitting a classical fluid dynamic equation to published data of voiding cystourethography. The Area Equivalent Factor-female at maximal flow represents maximal urethral opening and this value further divided by the pressure is the urethral compliance. A stress incontinent group had a strong trend toward greater maximal urethral opening and urethral compliance than a continent group. These parameters may, therefore, have potential in the evaluation and understanding of stress urinary incontinence.
Stress relaxation of end-linked polydimethylsiloxane elastomers with long pendent chains

Two important issues in the area of stress relaxation in elastomers are addressed experimentally in this paper. The first deals with the dependence of the terminal relaxation time on the number of entanglements that a chain tethered to a network makes with the network, and the second deals with the validity of the empirical Chasset−Thirion equation. By carefully end-linking PDMS chains to form networks with few defects besides the controlled amount of long pendent chains, our results show a much weaker exponential dependence of the terminal relaxation time on number of entanglements per tethered chain than predicted by the Doi−Kuzuu theory for a fixed entanglement network but closer to the exponential dependence predicted by lattice calculations with a harmonic potential. The Chasset−Thirion equation is found to hold only in an intermediate time regime of the relaxation spectrum.
Cystogram follow-up in the management of traumatic bladder disruption.

Background:The utility of obtaining a routine cystogram after the repair of intraperitoneal bladder disruption before urethral catheter removal is unknown. This study was designed to examine whether follow-up cystogram evaluation after traumatic bladder disruption affected the clinical management of
Evaluating chemical indices of guayule rubber content: Guayulins A and B

Abstract Guayule ( Parthenium argentatum Gray) is now a commercial crop for the production of high-quality, hypoallergenic natural rubber latex. Because guayule is relatively resistant to both insect and disease pests, its cultivation requires little chemical input. It has been postulated that guayule's chemical defense system is based on terpene derivatives such as guayulins A and B. The goals of this research were to: (1) describe the distribution of guayulins A and B throughout the plant, (2) determine whether guayulins can be used as a predictor of rubber content/yield (is guayulin content related to rubber content), and (3) determine whether the guayulin content/distribution has been changed through plant breeding. Two plants each of three different lines (11591, AZ-1, and AZ-3) and two ages (1 and 2 years old) were harvested at the soil line in the fall of 2002 and spring of 2003. Plants were separated into eight parts: brown leaves, green leaves, stem tips, stems less than 5 mm in diameter, stems between 5 and 10 mm, stems greater than 10 mm, green stems, and flower parts. Samples were analyzed for guayulins A and B and rubber content. Guayulins A and B and rubber were found in all plant parts, but were most prevalent in stems larger than 10 mm in diameter, and were significantly correlated with each other in these stems. Guayulin A was found in greater concentrations than guayulin B. There were no significant differences between plant ages for rubber, or guayulin content at the time of harvest, or guayulins for harvest season. Rubber percent was higher in spring, which agrees with numerous other investigations. Guayulin A in the stems is correlated with the total rubber in the plant, suggesting it as a potential selection tool. However, rubber in the same plant parts has a higher correlation with total plant rubber and remains a better and easier selection criterion than guayulin A. The extent to which guayulin contents differed between older, relatively unimproved lines and newer improved lines was evaluated. Variety 11591 had a higher concentration of guayulin A than guayulin B, so that the ratio of A to B was much higher than in the two improved lines (AZ-1 and AZ-3). It appears that the ratio of guayulin A to guayulin B has been changed in the two newer selections, but it is unclear whether this will affect pest resistance.
P‐65: Optimising Polyester Films for Flexible Electronic Applications

DuPont Teijin Films™ (DTF) have developed engineered substrates for the flexible electronics market. Teonex ®Q65FA and Melinex® ST506/504 are biaxially oriented semi-crystalline polyesters. for applications requiring high surface smoothness over wide area, planarised Teonex® Q65FA and Melinex® ST506 are emerging as suitable substrate materials for backplanes and frontplanes. The property set requirements for these films can be demanding as they are replacing rigid glass substrates. It is important to understand and control factors that can influence properties to achieve the optimum performance for a given flexible display application. This contribution will discuss the impact of applying a planariser coating to biaxially oriented semi-crystalline polymers.
NEW APPROACH TO ESTIMATING SOLAR RADIATION FROM SATELLITE IMAGERY

A significantly less expensive but comparatively accurate means of estimating solar radiation from satellite imagery is demonstrated. Opaque cloud cover is visually extracted from nondigitized, photographic forms of GOES satellite imagery and solar radiation is estimated using this information as input into a relatively simple solar model. Daily root mean square, mean absolute and mean bias errors were 13.2, 8.6 and 1.1 percent, respectively. Maps of the spatial distribution of solar radiation for Arizona are included.
Expose: Discovering Potential Binary Code Re-use

The use of third-party libraries in deployed applications can potentially put an organization's intellectual property at risk due to licensing restrictions requiring disclosure or distribution of the resulting software. Binary applications that are statically linked to buggy version(s) of a library can also provide malware with entry points into an organization. While many organizations have policies to restrict the use of third-party software in applications, determining whether an application uses a restricted library can be difficult when it is distributed as binary code. Compiler optimizations, function inlining, and lack of symbols in binary code make the task challenging for automated techniques. On the other hand, semantic analysis techniques are relatively slow. Given a library and a set of binary applications, we propose Expose, a tool that combines symbolic execution using a theorem prover, and function-level syntactic matching techniques to achieve both performance and high quality rankings of applications. Higher rankings indicate a higher likelihood of re-using the library's code. Expose ranked applications that used two libraries at or near the top, out of 2,927 and 128 applications respectively. Expose detected one application that was not detected by another scanner to use some functions in one of the libraries. In addition, Expose ranked applications correctly for different versions of a library, and when different compiler options were used. Expose analyzed 97.68% and 99.48% of the applications within five and 10 minutes respectively.
White matter abnormalities observed in bipolar disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

Objectives: An increased incidence in white matter abnormalities is among the most frequently reported brain change in patients with bipolar disorder. The objective of the present study was to examine white matter tract integrity, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in bipolar patients and healthy comparison subjects. Methods: Eleven DSM-IV bipolar I patients and 10 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were studied. DTI data were acquired on a 1.5 Tesla scanner. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and diffusivity (trace) were determined from axial images using region of interest (ROI) analyses. The ROIs were manually placed in the midline and forward projecting arms of the genu (anterior) and the midline of the splenium (posterior) of the corpus callosum. Results: Bipolar patients had significantly higher FA in the midline of the genu compared with healthy controls. Regional white matter differences were also observed, with significantly lower FA in the genu than forward projecting regions in both groups and lower FA in the genu than the splenium in controls. Conclusions: Diffusion tensor imaging revealed significant microstructural differences in the genu, as measured by elevated FA in bipolar patients compared with healthy controls. These preliminary findings further support the hypothesis that anomalous frontal brain mechanisms may be associated with bipolar disorder.
Pressure drop correlations and scale-up of size exclusion chromatography with compressible packings

A critical velocity at which pressure drop kept increasing was observed. Measurements of the chromatographic separation obtained for bovine serum albumin and nickel nitrate were correlated as measurements of height equivalent to a theoretical plate. A scaling procedure which keeps separation, pressure drop, and feed throughput constant was developed for each packing.
Neutralised colliding beam torus

We describe a new type of deuterium–tritium fusion reactor, consisting of two dense oppositely-directed D and T plasma components confined in a torus. These components can be formed by neutral-beam injection at moderate energies. The reactor could have significant power gain with relatively lenient plasma confinement requirements.
Laparoscopic Ileostomy and Colostomy

Ileostomies and colostomies have been used to treat intestinal diseases for many years. For example, exteriorization of the bowel has been performed to relieve obstruction since the early 19th century—perhaps even earlier according to some reports. The types of stomas and individual maturations that have been described in the literature are varied. In modern times, stoma formation has become standardized, and stoma care is now a specialized field of nursing. The latest advance involves the use of laparoscopy to create ileostomies and colostomies. Thus, this article mainly focuses on the techniques of laparoscopic stoma formation. Additionally, outcomes as they relate to the comparison of laparoscopic and open stoma formation are discussed.
Can lung cancer screening by computed tomography be effective in areas with endemic histoplasmosis

Objective: Low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) is being evaluated in several national trials as a screening modality for the early detection of lung cancer. The goal of the present study was to determine whether lung cancer screening could be done while minimizing the number of benign biopsy specimens taken in an area endemic for histoplasmosis. Methods: The subjects were recruited by letters mailed to area physicians and local advertisement. The inclusioncriteriawereage olderthan50yearsand atleasta20pack-year smoking history.The exclusioncriteriawere symptoms suggestive of lung cancer or a history of malignancy in the previous 5 years. The participants completed a questionnaire and underwent a chest CT scan at baseline and annually for 5 years. The management of positive screening results was determined using a defined algorithm: annual follow-up CT scan for nodules less than 5 mm; 6-month follow-up CT scan for nodules 5 to 7 mm; review by our multidisciplinary tumor board for nodules 8 to 12 mm; and biopsy for nodules greater than 12 mm. Results: A total of 132 patients were recruited. Of the 132 patients, 61% had positive baseline CT findings and 22% had positive findings on the annual CT scans. Six cancers were detected. Of these 6 patients, 5 had stage I disease and underwent lobectomy, and 1 had stage IIIA disease and underwent induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by lobectomy. All patients were alive and disease free at a mean follow-up of 41.7 � 18.6 months. No biopsies were performed for benign lesions. Also, no cancers were missed when the protocol was followed. Conclusions: Screening with CT can be done effectively in an area endemic for histoplasmosis while minimizing benign biopsies. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;141:688-93)
Alcatraz and Iser: Applying Wolfgang Iser’s Concepts of Implied Reader and Implied Author and Reality to the Metafictive Alcatraz Smedry Series

As a narrative series, Brandon Sanderson’s humorous, middle grade, Alcatraz Smedry novels display some of the arguably vague concepts of Reader Response theorist Wolfgang Iser as accessible themes that encourage a critical understanding of the stories. Alcatraz Versus the Evil Librarians (2007), Alcatraz Versus the Scrivener’s Bones (2008) and Alcatraz Versus the Knights of Crystallia (2009) are the supposed autobiographies of 13-year-old Alcatraz Smedry, who regularly pauses the narrative to comment on the nature of reality and fantasy and on his state as a hero. As the implied author, Alcatraz directly addresses the reader to describe characteristics of the implied readers and to note gaps in the narrative and aspects of the story’s structure. The metafictive techniques incorporated throughout Sanderson’s fantasy parodies guide readers to ask critical questions of the books, the fantasy genre, reality and Alcatraz’s characterization of himself. Examining the Alcatraz series with the lens of Iser’s concepts displays their use in children’s literature and demonstrates how issues of the implied author and implied reader may stretch beyond the scope of an individual narrative into questions and critiques of genre, parody, metafiction, reality and the reliability of a narrator.
Type-based analysis and applications

Type-based analysis is an approach to static analysis of programs that has been studied for more than a decade. A type-based analysis assumes that the program type checks, and the analysis takes advantage of that. This paper examines the state of the art of type-based analysis, and it surveys some of the many software tools that use type-based analysis. Most of the surveyed tools use types as discriminators, while most of the theoretical studies use type and effect systems. We conclude that type-based analysis is a promising approach to achieving both provable correctness and good performance with a reasonable effort.
Bacterial blight of soybean: regulation of a pathogen gene determining host cultivar specificity

Soybean cultivars resistant to Pseudomonas syringae pathovar glycinea (Psg), the causal agent of bacterial blight, exhibit a hypersensitive (necrosis) reaction (HR) to infection. Psg strains carrying the avrB gene elicit the HR in soybean cultivars carrying the resistance gene Rpg1. Psg expressing avrB at a high level and capable of eliciting the HR in the absence of de novo bacterial RNA synthesis have been obtained in in vitro culture. Nutritional signals and regions within the Psg hrp gene cluster, an approximately 20-kilobase genomic region also necessary for pathogenicity, control avrB transcription.
Spatio-temporal location modeling in a 3D indoor environment: the case of AEDs as emergency medical devices

This research innovatively extends optimal emergency facility location models to the interior space of multistory buildings with an integrated spatial-temporal framework. We present the case of deployed emergency medical devices known as automated external defibrillators (AEDs), which serve to treat sudden cardiac arrest on-site within the first few critical minutes of the event. AEDs have become a critical element of basic life support services in many public buildings. The proposed framework is based on the concept of discrete time windows to capture the time-dependence of potential demand and stochastically model the detection time component of impedance as a function of space–time distribution of demand. Different optimization objectives minimizing sudden cardiac arrest outcome consequences (e.g., brain damage or death) as a function of suffering time are formulated and solved. The first model is the multiple-time-window maximal covering location problem model which optimizes the placement of AEDs by ...
Plasma clouds above the ionopause of Venus and their implications

The global distribution of the plasma clouds observed by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter suggest that they originate at the dayside ionopause as wavelike structures which may become detached and swept downstream in the ionosheath flow. Alternatively, the clouds may actually be attached streamers analogous to cometary structure. Estimates of the total ion escape rate from Venus by this process yields values up to 7 x 10 to the 26th ions/s. Preliminary analysis shows that such an escape flux could be supplied by the upward diffusion limited flow of O(+) from the entire dayside ionosphere. If such an escape flux were to continue over the entire lifetime of Venus, the effects upon the evolution of the primitive atmosphere may have been significant.
Photoacoustic probe for spectroscopic measurements in condensed matter: convenient and corrosion-resistant.

A simple effective photoacoutic probe employing the acoustic waveguide effect in quartz substrate is described. The photoacoustic probe consists of a quartz rod to the upper end of which a PZT-5A piezoelectric ceramic disk is attached. The probe was used in the acquisition of a dye-laser-excited photoacoustic spectrum of 10-μg/ml 9,10-dimethylanthracene in ethanol at room temperature. With the probe system, the spectrum was found to be essentially identical with the corresponding spectra obtained with a standard cuvette cell/attached PZT disk and a cylindrical cell/attached PZT tube detection systems; the observed relative sensitivities were 1.6:1.0:4.4, respectively.
GTIDHNIHS: I knew‐it‐all‐along

Individuals who do insight problems are highly susceptible to hindsight bias. Two sets of studies assessed the impact of hindsight consequences on participants' judgements about anagram difficulty and specific factors for performance. In the first set, hindsight participants underestimated anagram difficulty relative to participants with task experience (worksight). Also, supportive evidence revealed that hindsight consequences were related to self-perceptions of confidence, ability, performance satisfaction, and subsequent performance expectations. In the second, two different hindsight techniques differentially impacted the participant's assessment of anagram difficulty. When comparing hindsight participants with and without worksight experience, the latter judged the anagrams to be easier. It is appropriate to examine further the cognitive and motivational consequences of hindsight bias in achievement situations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Augmented education: using augmented reality to enhance K-12 education

Many students have trouble visualizing topics they learn in class. This can lead to discouraged students who stop intellectually engaging in their education. Still other students are put in classes that do not fit their intelligence level because although they do care about their education, they can't grasp the concepts taught to them. In order to facilitate learning, we could include augmented reality (AR) in a student's curriculum, enriching the student's educational experience by transcending a regular education and creating an augmented one. Therefore, the question driving this research is how to introduce AR into a student's education so as to enhance that experience and encourage student interest and participation, as well as understanding of difficult topics. By including AR in the classroom, we could increase student engagement and retention.
5-Azacytidine Hydrolysis Kinetics Measured by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography and 13C-NMR Spectroscopy

Hydrolysis of 5-azacytidine, an experimental anticancer drug, in aqueous buffers was measured using a high-pressure liquid chromalographic (HPLC) procedure and a 13C-NMR method. The former utilized a 17.5-μm Aminex A-6 strong cation-exchanger column eluted with 0.4 M, pH 4.6 ammonium formate buffer at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. The hydrolysis sequence as well as the existence of a labile intermediate, N-formylguanylribosylurea, was unequivocally established using 6 13C-5-azacytidine and NMR spectral techniques. A reversible ring opening step to the N-formylguanylribosylurea with an equilibrium constant of 0.58 ± 0.03 between pH 5.6 and 8.5, followed by an irreversible formation of guanylribosylurea, was found by HPLC. The data confirm previous assumptions on the hydrolytic kinetics. The pH dependency of hydrolysis was examined, and the hydrolysis profile gave a normal V shape with the most stable pH at 7.0. Rather stable intravenous dosage forms can be formulated.
Identifying critical source areas of nonpoint source pollution with SWAT and GWLF

Abstract Identification of critical source areas (CSAs) (areas contributing most of the pollutants in a watershed) is important for cost-effective implementation of best management practices. Identification of such areas is often done through watershed modeling. Various watershed models are available for this purpose, however it is not clear if the choice (and complexity) of a model would lead to differences in locations of CSAs. The objective of this study was to use two models of different complexity for identifying CSAs. The relatively complex Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the simpler Generalized Watershed Loading Function (GWLF) were used to identify CSAs of sediment and nutrients in the Saugahatchee Creek watershed in east central Alabama. Models were calibrated and validated for streamflow, sediment, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) at a monthly time scale. While both models performed well for streamflow, SWAT performed slightly better than GWLF for sediment, TN and TP. Sub-watersheds dominated by urban land use were among those producing the highest amount of sediment, TN and TP loads, and thus identified as CSAs. Sub-watersheds with some amount of agricultural crops were also identified as CSAs of TP and TN. A few hay/pasture dominated sub-watersheds were identified as CSAs of TN. The identified land use source areas were also supported by field collected water quality data. A combined index was used to identify the sub-watersheds (CSAs) that need to be targeted for overall reduction of sediment, TN and TP. While many CSAs identified by SWAT and GWLF were the same, some CSAs were different. Therefore, this study concludes that model choice will affect the location of some CSAs.
Zic2 Is an Enhancer-Binding Factor Required for Embryonic Stem Cell Specification

The Zinc-finger protein of the cerebellum 2 (Zic2) is one of the vertebrate homologs of the Drosophila pair-rule gene odd-paired (opa). Our molecular and biochemical studies demonstrate that Zic2 preferentially binds to transcriptional enhancers and is required for the regulation of gene expression in embryonic stem cells. Detailed genome-wide and molecular studies reveal that Zic2 can function with Mbd3/NuRD in regulating the chromatin state and transcriptional output of genes linked to differentiation. Zic2 is required for proper differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), similar to what has been previously reported for Mbd3/NuRD. Our study identifies Zic2 as a key factor in the execution of transcriptional fine-tuning with Mbd3/NuRD in ESCs through interactions with enhancers. Our study also points to the role of the Zic family of proteins as enhancer-specific binding factors functioning in development.
Implication of Ligand Choice on Surface Properties, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Iron Nanoparticles

The behavior of iron nanoparticles is heavily influenced by their highly reactive surfaces. A better understanding of organic ligand/particle interactions must be achieved in order to synthesize iron nanoparticles with magnetic saturations (σ sat) equivalent to bulk iron. Even when synthesized using careful, air-free chemistry techniques and ligands more weakly interacting than those often reported in the literature, the magnetic saturation of iron nanoparticles generally only approaches, but not equals, the magnetic saturation of bulk iron. Here, iron nanoparticles are synthesized using Schlenk line chemistry methods and two different weakly interacting ligands: 2,4-pentanedione and hexaethylene glycol monododecylether. These particles have saturation magnetizations slightly lower than bulk iron, which is believed to be caused by interactions between the passivating ligands and the surface of the nanoparticles. Using X-ray absorption fine structure studies, it is shown that oxidized species of iron exist at the nanoparticles’ surface and can be attributed to iron/ligand interaction. The percentage of oxidized species scales with the surface to volume ratio of the nanoparticles, and therefore appears limited to the nanoparticle surface. X-ray absorption fine structure analysis also shows that the nanoparticles have an expanded crystalline lattice, which can further impact their magnetic properties.
13C NMR spectral studies of arecoline, hordenine, strychnine and brucine

The 13C n.m.r. spectra of arecoline, hordenine, strychnine, brucine and their salts were determined and the chemical shifts reported previously for arecoline have been verified by single frequency proton decoupling techniques. Effects of protonation on the carbon resonances in aiding unambiguous assignments in strychnine and brucine are discussed. The quaternary N-methiodide of brucine was also studied to confirm the assignments made for carbon atoms adjacent to the basic N atom.
Viviendo en la Sombra: The Immigration of Peruvian Professionals to South Florida

The experiences of middle-class Peruvian professionals who have recently migrated to the United States challenge our notions of the migration experiences of Latin American professionals. Many arrive without legal status, language skills or employment sponsorship. Without these resources, they experience employment instability, downward mobility and greater emotional stress. This paper seeks to explain how these new immigrants reconcile downward mobility with their professional backgrounds and personal identities by exploring their resultant emotional struggles.
Conductivity Studies of Metal Coordination Polymers of Cobalt, Iron, Ruthenium, and Osmium Vinylbipyridine Complexes

Electropolymerized films of the type [M(v-bpy) x (L) y ] (M = Co, Fe, Ru, Os; v-bpy = 4 vinyl,4′ methyl 2,2′ bipyridine; L = CN, v-bpy) exhibit conductivity dependent on the oxidation state of the ...
Dissecting inflammatory complications in critically injured patients by within-patient gene expression changes: a longitudinal clinical genomics study.

By studying gene expression changes over time in a cohort of trauma patients, Keyur Desai and colleagues identify genes and pathways strongly associated with longer-term complications, which could lead to improved outcome prediction in the first 80 hours after injury.
Nucleotide sequence of the trpB gene in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.

Abstract We have obtained the entire nucleotide sequence of the penultimate gene of the tryptophan operon, trpB, in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The amino acid sequence deduced for the E. coli gene product is in agreement with earlier, fragmentary protein sequence results. The trpB nucleotide sequences for the two bacterial species are perfectly colinear and show 85% identity. Most of the nucleotide differences found are without consequence for the amino acid sequence, which shows greater than 96% identity. The degree of conservation of both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences is significantly greater than for trpA, the adjacent gene encoding the other subunit of the same enzyme. When synonymous third codon position nucleotide differences are examined, they seem to be distributed at random throughout trpB and trpA, except for one completely conserved 66 basepair long region within trpB.
Utilizing Google Earth and Google Sketchup to visualize wind farms

The focus of this proposed research involves the utilization of computer-generated visualizations of proposed wind farms in an effort to provide reliable information to citizens most affected by their presence. Employing the capabilities of Google Earth and Google Sketchup, project planners and developers may offer a resource that individual citizens can manipulate from their own prospective and point of view to determine the scope and effect of projects from where they live, work, and play. Citizen participation in the planning process becomes enhanced through the deployment of computer technology made available on the Internet. Although wind farms remain the primary focus of this paper, the technology may be used in all planning processes where citizen support is required and potential opposition is mitigated by providing accurate and reliable information.
"Narrow-Minded and Oppressive" or a "Superior Culture"? Implications of Divergent Representations of Islam for Pakistani-American Youth.

Drawing on ethnographic data, this article examines the complex terrain that working-class Pakistani-American youth must negotiate in their daily lives. Specifically, the article illustrates how particular views of Islam and Americanization manifest in particular sites and within educational discourses, and the resulting dissonance that youth experience. On the one hand, schools view Islam as oppressive, problematic and a hindrance to the youths’ academic and professional success. On the other hand, families present Islam as a type of cultural capital that can guide youth and help them navigate their lives by being a ‘good Muslim.’ The result of these fossilized views of culture and nationality is the production of an ‘imagined nostalgia’: One group longs for a world where assimilation into the dominant group is expected and accepted; the other longs for the homeland, which they try to recreate in their new home. Thus, in their own ways, both schools and communities send the message that being Muslim and ...
Equivalency-processing parallel photonic integrated circuit (EP3IC): equivalence search module based on multiwavelength guided-wave technology.

We present an optoelectronic module called the equivalency-processing parallel photonic integrated circuit (EP(3)IC) that is created specifically to implement high-speed parallel equivalence searches (i.e., database word searches). The module combines a parallel-computation model with multiwavelength photonic integrated-circuit technology to achieve high-speed data processing. On the basis of simulation and initial analytical computation, a single-step multicomparand word-parallel bit-parallel equality search can attain an aggregate processing speed of 82 Tbit/s. We outline the theoretical design of the monolithic module and the integrated components and compare this with a functionally identical bulk-optics implementation. This integrated-circuit solution provides relatively low-power operation, fast switching speed, a compact system footprint, vibration tolerance, and ease of manufacturing.
A new mechanism of macrophyte mitigation: How submerged plants reduce malathion’s acute toxicity to aquatic animals

Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests that aquatic plants can mitigate the toxicity of insecticides to sensitive aquatic animals. The current paradigm is that this ability is driven primarily by insecticide sorption to plant tissues, especially for hydrophobic compounds. However, recent work shows that submerged plants can strongly mitigate the toxicity of the relatively hydrophilic insecticide malathion, despite the fact that this compound exhibits a slow sorption rate to plants. To examine this disparity, we tested the hypothesis that the mitigating effect of submerged plants on malathion’s toxicity is driven primarily by the increased water pH from plant photosynthesis causing the hydrolysis of malathion, rather than by sorption. To do this, we compared zooplankton ( Daphnia magna ) survival across five environmentally relevant malathion concentrations (0, 1, 4, 6, or 36 μg L −1 ) in test containers where we chemically manipulated water pH in the absence of plants or added the submerged plant ( Elodea canadensis ) but manipulated plant photosynthetic activity via shading or no shading. We discovered that malathion was equally lethal to Daphnia at all concentrations tested when photosynthetically inactive (i.e. shaded) plants were present (pH at time of dosing = 7.8) or when pH was chemically decreased (pH = 7.7). In contrast, when photosynthetically active (i.e. unshaded) plants were present (pH = 9.8) or when pH was chemically increased (pH = 9.5), the effects of 4 and 6 μg L −1 of malathion on Daphnia were mitigated strongly and to an equal degree. These results demonstrate that the mitigating effect of submerged plants on malathion’s toxicity can be explained entirely by a mechanism of photosynthesizing plants causing an increase in water pH, resulting in rapid malathion hydrolysis. Our findings suggest that current ecotoxicological models and phytoremediation strategies may be overlooking a critical mechanism for mitigating pesticides.
Equality of Resources Implies Equality of Welfare

If one is an egalitarian, should one try to equalize resources available to agents, or to equalize their welfares? With a suitably general conception of what resources are, these two conceptions cannot be distinguished. An allocation mechanism is defined on a space of economies, and is required to satisfy various axioms that are necessary conditions for "equalizing resources" among a population. The unique mechanism satisfying these axioms on a large domain of economies is the one that allocates commodities so as to equalize utilities of the agents. Methodologically, the theorem is a generalization of bargaining theory because the mechanisms are defined on commodity space.
Auto-ionization in Lutetium Iodide Complexes: Effect of the Ionic Radius on Lanthanide−Iodide Binding

Reaction of lutetium metal with 1.5 equiv of elemental iodine in 2-propanol leads to the isolation of LuI3(HOiPr)4 (1). An X-ray crystal structure reveals an ionic structure with well-separated [LuI2(HOiPr)4] cations and [I] anions. Dissolution of 1 in pyridine generates the unusual alkoxide species [LuI(OiPr)(py)5][I] (2) with the elimination of HI. An X-ray crystal structure of 2 confirmed the ionic nature of the compound, with the cationic portion of the complex exhibiting a seven-coordinated lutetium center with trans-disposed iodo and alkoxide ligands and five pyridine molecules equally displaced within the equatorial plane. Exposure of 2 to iodotrimethylsilane yields the expected triiodide species [LuI2(py)5][I] (3), which may also be prepared by refluxing commercially available LuI3 in THF, followed by crystallization from a THF/pyridine mixture. The solid-state structure of 3 is similar to that of 2, with the alkoxide ligand having been replaced by an iodide. The formation of ionic structures 1−3 ...
Reducing parental overprotection of the leukemic child

Abstract This experimental study compared the effectiveness of behavior therapy with client-centered therapy when these approaches were used in a treatment program designed to reduce overprotection as a coping behavior in parents of leukemic children. The methodology involved using these two treatment modalities with a population of 16 subjects who were matched and randomly assigned to two groups. Prior to initiating any therapy, baseline data were collected for 14 consecutive days. Each parent was then seen individually for eight 30-min sessions during regular clinic visits. These were followed by another 14-day period of data collection, and the data before and after treatment were compared to determine if there was a significant difference in the behavioral changes occuring within the two groups. The statistical analysis of these data demonstrated that the difference between the groups was insignificant. However, evaluation forms completed by the parents of both treatment groups did indicate some significant differences. The parents who experienced the behavioral intervention were better able to conceptualize the problems their families were coping with, and they could define in more specific terms than the parents in the client-centered group, the benefits they received by participating in the study.
Wave effects on large floating structures with air cushions

An analysis is made of a VLFS which is partially supported by an air cushion. The interface between the air cushion and the water is considered to be a free surface. The elevation of this surface is represented by an appropriate set of Fourier generalized modes, and extended equations of motion are derived for the rigid-body motions and generalized modes. The dynamic effect of the air is represented by appropriate acoustic added-mass coefficients. The hydrodynamic coefficients are evaluated using the B-spline-based panel code HIPAN. Illustrative computations are presented which show significant resonant effects.
The Acceleration Principle Reconsidered

I. Introduction, 209. — II. Theoretical development of the acceleration principle, 211. — III. Critical appraisal of the acceleration principle, 216. — IV. Other forms of the acceleration principle, 221.
Mechanics of deformation of single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes

Abstract An effective continuum/finite element (FE) approach for modeling the structure and the deformation of single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is presented. Individual tubes are modeled using shell elements, where a specific pairing of elastic properties and mechanical thickness of the tube wall is identified to enable successful modeling with shell theory. The incorporation and role of an initial internal distributed stress through the thickness of the wall, due to the cylindrical nature of the tube, are discussed. The effects of van der Waals forces, crucial in multi-wall nanotubes and in tube/tube or tube/substrate interactions, are simulated by the construction of special interaction elements. The success of this new CNT modeling approach is verified by first comparing simulations of deformation of single-wall nanotubes with molecular dynamics results available in the literature. Simulations of final deformed configurations, as well strain energy histories, are in excellent agreement with the atomistic models for various deformations. The approach was then applied to the bending of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), and the deformed configurations were compared to corresponding high-resolution images from experiments. The proposed approach successfully predicts the experimentally observed wavelengths and shapes of the wrinkles that develop in bent MWNTs, a complex phenomenon dominated by inter-layer interactions. Presented results demonstrate that the proposed FE technique could provide a valuable tool for studying the mechanical behavior of MWNTs as single entities, as well as their effectiveness as load-bearing entities in nanocomposite materials.
An Efficient Framework for Searching Text in Noisy Document Images

An efficient word spotting framework is proposed to search text in scanned books. The proposed method allows one to search for words when optical character recognition (OCR) fails due to noise or for languages where there is no OCR. Given a query word image, the aim is to retrieve matching words in the book sorted by the similarity. In the offline stage, SIFT descriptors are extracted over the corner points of each word image. Those features are quantized into visual terms (visterms) using hierarchical K-Means algorithm and indexed using an inverted file. In the query resolution stage, the candidate matches are efficiently identified using the inverted index. These word images are then forwarded to the next stage where the configuration of visterms on the image plane are tested. Configuration matching is efficiently performed by projecting the visterms on the horizontal axis and searching for the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) between the sequences of visterms. The proposed framework is tested on one English and two Telugu books. It is shown that the proposed method resolves a typical user query under 10 milliseconds providing very high retrieval accuracy (Mean Average Precision 0.93). The search accuracy for the English book is comparable to searching text in the high accuracy output of a commercial OCR engine.
The Provision of Cellular Metabolic Energy for Active Ion Transport

A characteristic of all living organisms is the presence of solute gradients across their cell membranes. These gradients are developed and maintained, directly or indirectly, by active transport, which is in turn sustained by energy derived from cellular metabolism. This chapter will address the nature of the process by which the metabolic energy of cellular metabolism is converted into the electrochemical energy of active ion transport, and it will consider the mechanisms by which metabolism and transport are mutually regulated.
UNEQUAL ATTENDANCE: THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RACE, ORGANIZATIONAL DIVERSITY CUES, AND ABSENTEEISM

Although prior evidence has demonstrated racial differences in employee absenteeism, no existing research explains this phenomenon. The present study examined the roles of 2 diversity cues related to workplace support—perceived organizational value of diversity and supervisor‐ subordinate racial/ethnic similarity—in explicating this demographic difference among 659 Black, White, and Hispanic employees of U.S. companies. Blacks reported significantly more absences than their White counterparts, but this difference was significantly more pronounced when employees believed their organizations placed little value on diversity. Moreover, in a form of expectancy violation, the Black‐White difference was significant only when employees had racially similar supervisors (and thus would expect their companies to value diversity) and perceived that the organization placed little value on diversity.
A Comparative Evaluation of STEM Education Indicators in the Era of Accountability

As Common Core Standards gain momentum in the United States, it has been claimed to have curricular support from international studies. Accordingly, evidence of student learning is reviewed in this article to assess effectiveness of imported school curricula in the Washington DC area. The analysis is expanded to include confounding factors that impact school hours as a quantifiable variable. Meanwhile, additional indicators have been incorporated from higher education to facilitate the result triangulation across K-16 education. The research findings reveal importance of test fairness from comparative studies, i.e., when schools are under local control, no single international test can ensure a fair match to various curricula, nor does the result provide a valid measure of school accountability in STEM education.
Subharmonic generation from ultrasonic contrast agents

Ultrasonic contrast agents are used to enhance backscatter from blood and thus aid in delineating blood from surrounding tissue. However, behaviour of contrast agents in an acoustic field is nonlinear and leads to harmonic components in the backscattered signal. Various research groups have investigated second-harmonic emissions. In this work, the subharmonic emission from contrast agents is investigated with a view towards potential use in imaging. It is shown that the microbubbles with various surface properties, such as contrast agents, generate significant subharmonics under various insonating conditions. Theoretical results as well as experimental results using Optison indicate the generation of strong subharmonics with burst insonation at twice the resonant frequency of the microbubble. It is suggested that subharmonic imaging may provide a better modality than second-harmonic imaging to delineate blood from tissue and will be of significant importance for imaging deep vessels, such as in echocardiography and vascular diseases, due to the high signal-to-clutter ratio of the subharmonic imaging.