cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous splenic infarction associated with sumatriptan use

Triptans are specific agonists of the serotonergic 5-HT1B/1D receptors that have increasingly been used in the treatment of migraine and cluster headaches. Though they are generally considered safe, there have been a few reports of myocardial infarction and stroke associated with triptan use. We report a patient who developed spontaneous splenic infarction after the use of sumatriptan for the treatment of migraine headache.
Tissue Doppler, Strain and Strain Rate in ischemic heart disease “How I do it”

Echocardiography is the standard method for assessing myocardial function in patients with ischemic heart disease. The acquisition and interpretation of echocardiographic images, however, remains a highly specialized task which often relies entirely on the subjective visual assessment of the reader and requires therefore, particular training and expertise. Myocardial deformation imaging allows quantifying myocardial function far beyond what can be done with sole visual assessment. It can improve the interpretation of regional dysfunction and offers sensitive markers of induced ischemia which can be used for stress tests. In the following, we recapitulate shortly the pathophysiological and technical basics and explain in a practical manner how we use this technique in investigating patients with ischemic heart disease.
Verbal behavior and behavioral contrast in human subjects

Behavioral contrast can be defined as an inverse relationship between the conditions of reinforcement in one setting and the rate of responding in another setting. Behavioral contrast is a phenomenon that is reliably demonstrated in pigeons and rats and in the context of multiple experimental preparations with these animals. However, little research has been conducted on behavioral contrast in humans. Further, the role of verbal behavior in research on behavioral contrast in humans has not been investigated. This study examined behavioral contrast in college students in a series of 3 experiments. In Experiment 1, subjects were not given accurate descriptions of experimental contingencies, and behavioral contrast was not reliably observed. In Experiment 2, specific, accurate descriptions of contingencies were provided to subjects at all times, and contrast was observed for 4 of 10 subjects. In Experiment 3, descriptions of experimental conditions were provided only during extinction, and behavioral contrast was observed for 4 of 5 subjects. The results suggest that accurate rules describing experimental contingencies may enhance or decrease the probability that contrast will be observed in human operant experiments, depending on which contingencies, if any, are accurately described.
TREATMENT OF UNUNITED FRACTURES OF THE LONG BONES; FACTORS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NON-UNION.

Delayed union or non-union is most frequently encountered in the young adult who has suffered a severe long-bone fracture that is associated with extensive tissue destruction or infection. While our knowledge of the normal fracture-healing process is incomplete, enough information exists to suggest that non-unions are of local origin and are the result of defective formation or vascularization of the fracture callus. Although our present understanding of the mechanisms of mineral deposition is too limited to permit anything but speculation concerning the possible role of defects in these mechanisms in non-union, available information suggests that such defects are not important causes of non-union.
How the Facebook Arabic Page “We Are All Khaled Said” Helped Promote the Egyptian Revolution

This study analyzes how the owner of the Facebook Arabic page “We Are All Khaled Said” both catalyzed and took advantage of opportunities in the Egyptian political climate in order to help promote ...
Towards a flipped cyber classroom to facilitate active learning strategies

Success within the distance learning paradigm typically requires a strong intrinsic motivation on the part of the learner. This motivation needs to be matched with effective delivery of engaging course content. Developing an active engagement environment for deep learning is a nontrivial task as the instructor is not physically present. To address the concern in an online/blended delivery model, we had developed and examined our first cyber classroom, in which lectures are automatically recorded and posted to a website for subsequent online consumption. The observed limitations of this approach were twofold: (1) online student participation in onground classroom activities was unfeasible; and (2) onground student collaborative activities were severely curtailed by the classroom layout. In this work in progress we present our revised concept grounded in active learning scientific principles combined with lessons learned from our prior approach. By leveraging classroom spatial layout best practices combined with the apropos technology, we seek to address the aforementioned two concerns. Specifically we present a description of our revised cyber classroom, along with plans for future application involving integrating online learning with the flipped classroom concept.
ASSESSING CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT EFFORTS BY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

Based on a national survey of 428 local governments, we demonstrate that citizen involvement efforts can be captured as a construct with four dimensions, including involvement mechanisms, involvement in decision making, involvement in street-level services, and involvement in management functions. We find that although conventional citizen participation methods are consistently used by many governments, broad-based and individual-based methods are utilized less frequently. Citizen input is not frequently sought in decision making or for functional areas that are managerial or technical or involve issues of confidentiality. Governments in large communities are found to be more likely to promote citizen involvement activities than are governments in smaller communities. The form of government is not found to have a significant impact. We also find that the rationale for citizen involvement and the source of pressure for performance and accountability have some effects. A research agenda is developed based o...
WAVE OVERTOPPIMG EQUATION

In the early 1950's the Corps of Engineers' Jacksonville District initiated a series of laboratory tests to investigate the overtopping of proposed levee sections for Lake Okeechobee, Florida. For economic reasons, the alternative to build levees with crest elevations that were at times below the limit of wave runup was investigated and the quantities of water carried over the structures for various freeboard allowances, structure slopes and wave conditions determined. The initial tests were conducted at the Waterways Experiment Station (WES) in Vieksburg, Mississippi for the Jacksonville District at what was taken to be a 1 to 30 model scale. Model wave heights varied from 1+.05 cm to 12.2 cm (0.133 to 0.^0 ft). In order to expand the range of test conditions investigated, the Beach Erosion Board, currently the Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC), commissioned an expanded series of tests that considered the overtopping of riprap faced, curved and stepped seawalls as well as the overtopping of "smooth" slopes. These tests, also conducted at WES, were considered to be at a 1 to 17 scale with model wave heights ranging from 5-36 cm to 21.5 cm (0.176 to O.706 ft). A number of tests were subsequently conducted in CERC's large wave tank to determine the influence scale effects might have on overtopping. These tests are referred to as 1 to 2 1/2 scale tests. The model wave heights investigated ranged from U8.8 cm to 11*0.2 cm. (1.60 to h.6o ft).
Hollywood Renaissance: Ethnics and Roughnecks: The Making of the Hollywood Renaissance

From our distant perspective at the end of the twentieth century, the outcome of events from the Great Depression through the Second World War to the origins of the Cold War all seems inevitable and predestined: the midcentury triumph over fascism and totalitarianism in Europe and Asia; the dissolution of extremist parties of hatred and animosity on the left and right within our own country during and after the depression; the emergence in America of a liberal state blending welfare paternalism with corporate and entrepreneurial capitalism; the unprecedented growth of a prosperous and comfortable middle class; the strengthening of individual and group rights after a tumultuous if exhilarating civil rights movement; and the eruption of marginalized groups and minorities into the mainstream of American democracy. To F. O. Matthiessen in the late 1930s, however, the times seemed precarious indeed. Democracy appeared to be more endangered from forces both within and without than at any period since the Civil War. Matthiessen saw before him American values and institutions challenged by an ever-widening array of enemies and forces. Overseas the threat of totalitarianism grew ever closer and increasingly menacing, while at home the continuing depredations of unemployment, inequality, and injustice cultivated movements and causes of incipient fascism and communism. To Matthiessen, therefore, the future seemed filled with uncertainty.
Multidimensional Spatial and Coherence Imaging Using Single Shot Spectral Imagers

A spectral imaging system may efficiently sense 10-100 spectral channels but the full data cube is often redundant. We propose to exploit this redundancy to computationally expand depth of field or obtain multidimensional spatial images.
Can prognosis be altered by treating LV dysfunction

A major scientific effort taking place in the last decade has resulted in better understanding of the pathophysiology of myocardial dysfunction and in the development of new therapeutic modalities for this condition. The purpose of this article is to review available information related to the effect of available therapeutic modalities on mortality rate in patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction.
Living Memory: Representations of Drancy

The enthusiastic reception granted to Suite francaise, Irene Nemirovksy’s recently discovered novellas of the French experience of defeat and German Occupation, and Jonathan Littell’s novel Les Bienveillantes (The Kindly Ones), recounting World War Two through the eyes of an SS officer, a work for which this American writer won France’s highest literary prize (the Prix Goncourt), is evidence of continued interest—in France, and even worldwide—in imaginative engagement with a historical period that now lies more than half a century in the past. Yet in French literary fiction and fiction film, there is, for the most part, silence on one topic, despite numerous official commemorations and days of remembrance: the arrest and deportation during the Occupation of nearly 76,000 Jews, including 11,400 children—most of whom passed through the concentration camp at Drancy, just outside Paris. Suite francaise does not mention Jews at all,1 and Les Bienveillantes focuses on the protagonist’s participation in Hitler’s eastern campaign. France appears mainly as a backdrop to his personal life.2
Growing Public: The Rise of Mass Public Schooling before 1914

OVERVIEW The second kind of social spending emerged in the nineteenth century. Country after country turned toward tax revenues as a basis for launching or expanding schools, especially primary schools. Yet some countries took far longer than others to develop universal primary schooling – and most countries have deficient primary education even today. These differences in basic schooling have long been recognized as one of the keys to global income inequalities. Of all the kinds of public spending considered in this book, expenditures on public schooling are the most positively productive in the sense of raising national product per capita. Here we concentrate on primary public education, the kind of education that involves the greatest shift of resources from upper income groups to the poor. What holds back primary and secondary education in so many societies, and what forces promoted it in the history of today's high-income countries? How some nations came to promote mass schooling through taxation, capturing its external benefits for growth and democracy, while most others lagged behind before 1914, is the central issue in this chapter. As with poor relief, so too with early schooling, the roles of elite self-interest, democracy, and decentralization will help us interpret the rich variety of national experiences. The main arguments are as follows: Global leadership: German states led the way in elementary education from 1815 until about 1860. In terms of enrollment rates, it was then overtaken not only by the United States, but also by several other countries. By 1882 France had become an enrollments leader in Europe. In the share of national product spent on education, Germany retained leadership throughout the nineteenth century, though other countries were not far behind. […]
Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Imaging with CT

Complications involved with the progression of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries are responsible for the majority of deaths related to cardiovascular disease. Clinically, X-ray computed tomography (CT) plays a key role in the assessment of atherosclerosis but current iodinated contrast agents relied upon for CT applications suffer from fast clearance, biocompatibility issues, and nonspecific uptake. Nanotechnologies have presented solutions to these problems by offering precise control over the properties of novel contrast agents. In this chapter, we discuss nanoparticle CT contrast agents that have been used for cardiovascular imaging. We cover iodinated and inorganic nanoparticle structures including nano-emulsions, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, solid metal core nanoparticles, and others and discuss their applications for vascular and target specific imaging. Tremendous progress has been made in the field over the past decade and we expect that the next decade will see the clinical translation of nanoparticle formulations among many additional technological advances.
The Destruction of the Medieval Chinese Aristocracy. By Nicolas Tackett. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2014. Pp. xiv, 298. $49.95.)

Focusing on the last century of the Tang dynasty [618–907] and relying on his database of approximately 2,500 published and unpublished ninth‐century tomb epitaphs excavated primarily (roughly 70 p...
Characterization and genetics of multiple soybean aphid biotype resistance in five soybean plant introductions

Five soybean plant introductions expressed antibiosis resistance to multiple soybean aphid biotypes. Two introductions had resistance genes located in the Rag1, Rag2, and Rag3 regions; one introduction had resistance genes located in the Rag1, Rag2, and rag4 regions; one introduction had resistance genes located in the Rag1 and Rag2 regions; and one introduction had a resistance gene located in the Rag2 region. Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is the most important soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] insect pest in the USA. The objectives of this study were to characterize the resistance expressed in five plant introductions (PIs) to four soybean aphid biotypes, determine the mode of resistance inheritance, and identify markers associated with genes controlling resistance in these accessions. Five soybean PIs, from an initial set of 3000 PIs, were tested for resistance against soybean aphid biotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 in choice and no-choice tests. Of these five PIs, PI 587663, PI 587677, and PI 587685 expressed antibiosis against all four biotypes, while PI 587972 and PI 594592 expressed antibiosis against biotypes 1, 2, and 3. F2 populations derived from PI 587663 and PI 587972 were evaluated for resistance against soybean aphid biotype 1, and populations derived from PIs 587677, 587685, and 594592 were tested against biotype 3. In addition, F2:3 plants were tested against biotypes 2 and 3. Genomic DNA from F2 plants was screened with markers linked to Rag1, Rag2, Rag3, and rag4 soybean aphid-resistance genes. Results showed that PI 587663 and PI 594592 each had three genes with variable gene action located in the Rag1, Rag2, and Rag3 regions. PI 587677 had three genes with variable gene action located in the Rag1, Rag2 and rag4 regions. PI 587685 had one dominant gene located in the Rag1 region and an additive gene in the Rag2 region. PI 587972 had one dominant gene located in the Rag2 region controlling antixenosis- or antibiosis-type resistance to soybean aphid biotypes 1, 2, or 3. PIs 587663, 587677, and 587685 also showed antibiosis-type resistance against biotype 4. Information on multi-biotype aphid resistance and resistance gene markers will be useful for improving soybean aphid resistance in commercial soybean cultivars.
A Community Rather Than A Union: Understanding Self-Organization Phenomenon on MTurk and How It Impacts Turkers and Requesters

This paper aims to understand the self-organization phenomenon among the workers of Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a well-known crowdsourcing platform. Specifically, we explored 1) why MTurk workers self-organize into online communities (Turker communities), and 2) how the workers' self-organization impacts the requesters and 3) the workers. In the first study, we conducted a field experiment by advertising the same survey tasks on both MTurk and on Turker communities. In the second study, we interviewed two founders of the Turker communities. The results suggest that 1) workers' main motivation to participate in communities is to "find good HITs". 2) For requesters, there is no indication of differences in work quality between the tasks posted on MTurk and the ones advertised on Turker communities. 3) For workers, participation in Turker communities is associated with higher income, controlled for working hours. We also learned from the interviews about why founders built the communities and their future plans.
Parkin clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria regulates ROS levels and increases survival of human chondrocytes

Summary Objective Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and chondrocyte death are important contributors to the development and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, we determined the expression and role of Parkin in the clearance of damaged/dysfunctional mitochondria, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and chondrocyte survival under pathological conditions. Methods Human chondrocytes were from the unaffected area of knee OA cartilage ( n = 12) and were stimulated with IL-1β to mimic pathological conditions. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization and ROS levels were determined using specific dyes and flow cytometry. Autophagy was determined by Western blotting for ATG5, Beclin1, immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. Gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR. siRNA, wild-type and mutant Parkin plasmids were transfected using Amaxa system. Apoptosis was determined by PI staining of chondrocytes and TUNEL assay. Results IL-1β-stimulated OA chondrocytes showed high levels of ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane damage, accumulation of damaged mitochondria and higher incidence of apoptosis. IL-1β stimulation of chondrocytes with depleted Parkin expression resulted in sustained high levels of ROS, accumulation of damaged/dysfunctional mitochondria and enhanced apoptosis. Parkin translocation to depolarized/damaged mitochondria and recruitment of p62/SQSTM1 was required for the elimination of damaged/dysfunctional mitochondria in IL-1β-stimulated OA chondrocytes. Importantly we demonstrate that Parkin elimination of depolarized/damaged mitochondria required the Parkin ubiquitin ligase activity and resulted in reduced ROS levels and inhibition of apoptosis in OA chondrocytes under pathological conditions. Conclusions Our data demonstrates that Parkin functions to eliminate depolarized/damaged mitochondria in chondrocytes which is necessary for mitochondrial quality control, regulation of ROS levels and chondrocyte survival under pathological conditions.
An Affect Primary Framework for Privacy Decision Making

With the growth of networked computing, the role of information security and information privacy risks have received significant attention from IS researchers. Many models of risk in the literature assume that people carefully evaluate the costs and benefits of engaging in risky activities. Recent research shows that automatic judgments of risks (affect) and momentary feelings play a significant role in risk judgment and behavior. In this paper, we critique the calculus-based models of privacy risk and explain how affect and momentary feelings suggest alternate explanations and predictions. A conceptual framework, incorporating automatic affect, deliberation and momentary feelings is proposed for risky decision making. Literature on IS privacy concerns is used to illustrate the framework.
A fast and scalable FPGA-based parallel processing architecture for K-means clustering for big data analysis

The exponential growth of complex, heterogeneous, dynamic, and unbounded data, generated by a variety of fields including health, genomics, physics, climatology, and social networks pose significant challenges in data processing and desired speed-performance. Existing processor-based software-only algorithms are incapable of analyzing and processing this enormous amount of data, efficiently and effectively. Consequently, some kind of hardware support is desirable to overcome the challenges in analyzing big data. Big data analytics involves many important data mining tasks including clustering, which categorizes the data into meaningful groups based on the similarity or dissimilarity among objects. In this research work, we introduce an efficient FPGA-based parallel processing architecture for K-means Clustering, one of the most popular clustering algorithms. Experiments are performed on a benchmark dataset to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of our hardware design. Our hardware architecture is generic, parameterized, and scalable to support larger and varying datasets as well as a varying number of clusters. Our hardware configuration with 32 processing elements (PEs) achieved 368 times speedup compared to its software counterpart.
Phase IV: Late Reconstruction Abdominal Wall Closure: Staged Management Technique

There has been an evolution in managing the laparotomy wound associated with devastating abdominal injuries over the past 25 years. The pathophysiology of the scenario resulting in intra-abdominal hypertension has been fairly well worked out in both laboratory models as well as in clinical observational studies. It has been observed that closure of the laparotomy incision under such circumstances results in a compartment syndrome. As an alternative to closure under tension, the development of multiple methods of open abdominal wound management has evolved. However, while this progress has positively influenced some of these problems, a new dilemma has emerged: the giant ventral hernia [1–6]. A clinical study by Ivatury and colleagues looked at different ways to close the abdomen [7]. Those investigators reported a group of 45 patients who had sustained major abdominal trauma and had primary abdominal closure with interposition mesh; they compared them to an historical group (n = 25) who had fascial closure. The two groups were matched for injury severity, worst based deficit, and transfusion requirements over the first 24 h. They found that 22% of the mesh-closed group developed abdominal hypertension versus 52% of the fascial closure patients (P = 0.012). More importantly, they noted a mortality of 10.6% in the mesh-closure group versus 36% in those with fascial closure (P = 0.003). While other clinicians had synchronously begun similar prophylactic approaches for prevention of intraabdominal hypertension and compartment syndrome, those investigators were among the first to clearly demonstrate an outcome efficacy. Those observations threw open the era of open abdomen techniques. It became clear that such approaches not only lessened the occurrence of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome, but they also resulted in a
Bilateral acquired cystic kidney associated renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features – A rare entity

Abstract Acquired cystic kidney disease associated renal cell carcinoma (ACKD-RCC) is known to be the most common primary renal cell malignancy in patients with end stage renal disease, particularly those who have endured long-term hemodialysis. Most such cases present at a low clinicopathologic stage and exhibit indolent biologic behavior. Conversely, the rare cases that harbor components of sarcomatoid or rhabdoid change tend to present at an advanced stage, exhibiting aggressive behavior and a propensity to prove fatal. Our case is that of a 47-year old male who developed renal failure necessitating 13 years of hemodialysis and culminating in the development of bilateral ACKD-RCC with extensive sarcomatoid differentiation.
Revisiting the role of elasticity in multiproduct monopoly pricing

Abstract This paper provides ordinal conditions on elasticities and Lerner indices which guarantee that a monopolist charges a higher price in one market relative to another. These improve upon shortcomings of traditional methods, which rely on the point-wise comparability of elasticities.
Japan’s “New Homeless”

Since the mid-1990s, homelessness has become a major issue of public discussion in Japan, and is often viewed as a new social problem facing Japanese society. The issue of homelessness contrasts images of the absence of poverty and homelessness in postwar Japan, often explained based on the unique features of Japanese-style employment and welfare, containing poverty and unemployment. This paper contrasts these views with a perspective on the continuity of poverty, and homelessness in postwar Japan. Specifically, I discuss the characteristics of homelessness in Tokyo, how they relate to the structure of the economy and employment practices, and how the problems of today's homeless are accommodated in the welfare system. I argue that the homeless cast light on patterns of loss of employment, housing, and means of subsistence, characteristic to Japan's economy and welfare system, and contribute to a new understanding of the dynamics of poverty in contemporary Japan.
Light Scattering by Submicron Spherical Particles on Semiconductor Surfaces

In this work we report on the angle resolved light scattering characteristics of individual polystyrene spheres on silicon surfaces. A He-Ne laser (632.8 nm) focused to a 15 μm 1/e2 diameter was employed to illuminate 4.10 and 0.804 μm. diameter spheres on optically smooth (σ«λ) silicon. Scattering was measured as a function of incident beam polarization for incident angles of 30, 45, and 75.3 degrees (Brewster’s Angle). A ring/wedge photodetector array centered on the specular beam was employed for the scattering measurements. The detector intercepted light scattered up to 45 degrees from the specular beam. The results obtained are qualitatively explained with reference to the silicon surface reflectance which varies significantly as beam incident angle and polarization are changed. Conditions associated with high surface reflectance result in larger values for sphere scattering cross section. We propose that the scattering measurements can be modeled in terms of a first order theoretical model developed previously by one of the authors (Hirleman). Initial results show that the theory is useful for understanding trends and predicts the correct order of magnitude for the scattering cross section. Possible improvements to the model are discussed.
Rarefied Gas Dynamics

Rarefied gas dynamics is concerned with flows at such low density that the molecular mean free path is not negligible. Under these conditions, the gas no longer behaves as a continuum. Important modifications in aerodynamic and heat transfer characteristics occur which are ascribable to the basic molecular structure of the gas.
Role of Immunotherapy in Asthma

Allergen immunotherapy, one of the most frequently utilized modes of therapy in the United States, is prescribed for selected patients with rhinitis and/or asthma in whom an allergic etiology contributes to their disease (1). Many controlled trials support the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy for allergic asthma, the topic to be covered in this chapter (2, 3, 4, 5). More than 50 immunotherapy asthma studies indicate that: 1. recent onset mild to moderate asthmatics respond better than do chronic, severe asthmatics; 2. patients with seasonal allergic asthma respond better than do perennial allergic asthmatics; 3. single allergen immunotherapy, as utilized in most trials, does not induce complete relief because most patients have multiple allergies; and 4. prolonged studies are necessary to assess long-term immunologic and clinical changes.
Risk Neutral Skewness Predicts Price Rebounds and so can Improve Momentum Performance

Positive option-implied risk-neutral skewness (RNS) predicts next-month abnormal underlying stock returns driven by upward rebounds of previously undervalued stocks. The RNS anomaly is strongest in periods of post-recession rebounds when momentum crashes occur. Furthermore, the momentum anomaly is strongest (weakest) in stocks with the most negative (positive) RNS. We generalize our findings to non-optionable stocks by constructing an RNS factor-mimicking portfolio, finding that a momentum strategy that avoids performance reversals has meaningfully superior performance. Our results hold after controlling for trading frictions, firm characteristics, and common risk factors.
Utility of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A in the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis.

Background Accurate antemortem EPM diagnosis requires evidence of intrathecal antibody production. Some advocate the use of acute phase proteins in addition to serology, which alone results in substantial false positives. Hypothesis/objectives The purpose of this study was to determine if serum C-reactive protein (CRP) or serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations were elevated in cases of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) compared to other neurological diseases. Animals 25 clinical cases of equine neurological disease: EPM (10), cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM) (10), neuroborreliosis (2), equine motor neuron disease (1), degenerative myelopathy (1), and leukoencephalomalacia (1). Methods Serum and CSF CRP and SAA were measured. Selection criteria included neurologic disease, antemortem diagnosis of EPM or CVSM, or postmortem diagnosis of EPM, CVSM, or other neurologic disease, and availability of serological results and archived samples for testing. Results Serum SAA and serum CRP levels were generally undetectable or low in horses with EPM (median CRP ≤0.1 mg/L, ≤0.1-14.4 mg/L; median SAA ≤0.1 mg/L, ≤0.1-6.11 mg/L) and CVSM (median CRP ≤0.1, ≤0.1-2.41 mg/L; median SAA ≤0.1mg/L, ≤0.1-13.88 mg/L). CSF CRP and SAA for horses with EPM (median CRP 3.35 mg/l, 0.19-13.43 mg/l; median SAA ≤0.1 mg/L, ≤0.1-2.4 mg/L) and CVSM (median CRP 4.015 mg/L, 0.16-9.62 mg/L; median SAA 0.62 mg/L, ≤0.1-2.91 mg/L) were also undetectable or low. Kruskal-Wallis test showed no statistically significant differences between serum CRP (P = .14), serum SAA (P = .79), spinal fluid CRP (P = .65), or spinal fluid SAA between horses with EPM and CVSM (P = .52). Conclusion Neither SAA nor CRP in serum or CSF aid diagnosis of EPM.
Linear Sturm-Liouville problems with Riemann- Stieltjes integral boundary conditions

We study second-order linear Sturm-Liouville problems involving general homogeneous linear Riemann-Stieltjes integral boundary conditions. Conditions are obtained for the existence of a sequence of positive eigenvalues with consecutive zero counts of the eigenfunctions. Additionally, we find interlacing relationships between the eigenvalues of such Sturm-Liouville problems and those of Sturm-Liouville problems with certain two-point separated boundary conditions.
Developing the Disorders of Consciousness Guideline and Challenges of Integrating Shared Decision-Making Into Clinical Practice.

Objective To review methodology informing evidence-based guideline development and integration of guidelines into clinical care through shared decision-making (SDM) and highlight challenges to SDM in disorders of consciousness. Methods We describe guideline development strategies and implications for use, approaches to SDM generally and with surrogate decision makers, and considerations when implementing the prolonged disorders of consciousness guideline into clinical care. Results Clinical practice guidelines aim to improve high-quality patient care and outcomes by assessing the best medical evidence and incorporating this into care recommendations. This is accomplished through transparent methodology and compliance with published standards. Guidelines support SDM with patients and surrogate decision makers. Effective SDM can be challenging in conditions such as prolonged disorders of consciousness where surrogates are required, but assessment of patient values and incorporation of these values into SDM is ethically critical. Conclusions Recently published disorders of consciousness guideline recommendations provide strategies for clinicians to enhance quality care for individuals with prolonged disorders of consciousness. They also provide details helping clinicians partner with individuals with disorders of consciousness and their surrogates. Further research is needed into many aspects of caring for individuals with disorders of consciousness and optimal strategies for partnering with surrogates in decision-making.
Is Artificial Intelligence New to Multimedia

The field of multimedia covers a broad range of research and technologies that aim to develop solutions for individual disciplines as well as multidisciplinary domains. From the beginning, multimedia research has employed Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to address various challenges in this area. Specifically, AI has been extensively used for multimedia retrieval, management, and analysis. Over the past few years, multimedia has continued to utilize AI to bring revolutionary advancement in numerous applications and domains, mainly thanks to the recent progress in machine learning algorithms and computing powers. However, many challenges remain, which calls for the need to extend Multimedia AI to tackle these problems and to lead to great opportunities in the near future.
Further Study of Metal-Metal Bond Lengths in Homologous Edge-Sharing Bioctahedral Complexes.

The binuclear complexes (I) are prepared either by chlorination of the corresponding complexes M2Cl4(R2PCH2PR2)2 or by treating (Bu4N)2Re2Cl8 with Me2PCH2PMe2, and characterized by X-ray structure analysis ((Ia): space group P21/n, Z=2; (Ib): P21/c, Z=2; (Ic): C2/c, Z=4).
A Near-Infrared Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe to Selectively Detect Cysteine in Mitochondria for Indicating Oxidative Stress In Vivo

Cysteine (Cys) is a type of intracellular biothiol, which plays important roles in numerous metabolic processes of organisms, such as heavy metal binding, biocatalysis, signal transduction, and protein turnover Reddie and Carroll (Curr Opin Chem Biol 12:746–754, 2008).
Rising Trends in Emergency Department Visits Associated With Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States, 2006-2014.

Objective:Emergency departments (EDs) are critical settings for hepatitis C care in the United States. We assessed trends and characteristics of hepatitis C–associated ED visits during 2006-2014.Me...
Determination of Storage Responses and Quality Changes of Some Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars During Storage

This research aimed to determine the yield performance and post-harvest storage behavior of potato Cultivars with different maturing groups under Isparta conditions at 2018. In this study, Agria, Agata, Alegria, Desiree, Granola, Hermes, Lady Anna, Marabel, Morphona and Russet Burbank potato Cultivars, which were widely cultivated in Turkey, were used. After determining the yield performance of cultivars under field conditions, tuber samples taken from each cultivar were stored at 6-8°C for 6 months. Tuber yields of Cultivars varied between 2860-5331 kg/da and vegetation period ranged between 97.7-146.6 days. In the storage period, the time taken to break the dormancy in 50% of the tubers ranged between 23.3-111.6 days, and dormancy was broken earlier in the early season Cultivars. At the end of the 6 months storage period, it was determined that the Cultivars lost weight between 4.13-6.48%. Starch ratios, reducing sugar content and French fries yields varied depending on the storage time of the cultivars, but generally decreased during storage period. There were significant changes in the quality of French fry and table stock. In the storage period Cultivars with low dry matter ratio which are not suitable for the French fries industry and the Cultivars with early characteristics had higher weight and quality losses in storage. It was concluded that dormancy duration, maturing characteristics of potato Cultivars had a significant effect on storage quality, and therefore, storage period should be determined by taking into account the varietal characteristics in potato storage.
Contusion spinal cord injury upregulates p53 protein expression in rat soleus muscle at multiple timepoints but not key senescence cytokines.

To determine whether muscle disuse after a spinal cord injury (SCI) produces elevated markers of cellular senescence and induces markers of the senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) in paralyzed skeletal muscle. Four-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats received a moderate-severe (250 kiloDyne) T-9 contusion SCI or Sham surgery and were monitored over 2 weeks, and 1-, 2-, or 3 months. Animals were sacrificed via isoflurane overdose and terminal exsanguination and the soleus was carefully excised and snap frozen. Protein expression of senescence markers p53, p27, and p16 was determined from whole soleus lysates using Western immunoblotting and RT-qPCR was used to determine the soleus gene expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, and TNFα. SCI soleus muscle displayed 2- to 3-fold higher total p53 protein expression at 2 weeks, and at 1 and 2 months when compared with Sham. p27 expression was stable across all groups and timepoints. p16 protein expression was lower at 3 months in SCI versus Sham, but not earlier timepoints. Gene expression was relatively stable between groups at 2 weeks. There were Surgery x Time interaction effects for IL-6 and TNFα mRNA expression but not for IL-1α, IL-1β, or CXCL1. There were no main effects for time or surgery for IL-1α, IL-1β, or CXCL1, but targeted t tests showed reductions in IL-1α and CXCL1 in SCI animals compared to Sham at 3 months and IL-1β was reduced in SCI animals compared to Sham animals at the 2-month timepoint. The elevation in p53 does not appear consistent with the induction of SASP because mRNA expression of cytokines associated with senescence was not uniformly upregulated and, in some instances, was downregulated in the early chronic phase of SCI.
INTRAMUSCULAR MECHANISMS REGULATING FATTY ACID OXIDATION DURING EXERCISE

Fatty acid oxidation increases in response to exercise, but at high intensities the contribution of fatty acid oxidation to energy production decreases. The carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) complex appears to be a plausible site of regulation of fatty acid oxidation at rest and during exercise. Muscle malonyl-CoA, a potent inhibitor of CPT I, decreases during muscle contraction as a consequence of phosphorylation and inactivation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). When AMPK is artificially activated with AICA riboside, ACC is inactivated, malonyl-CoA decreases, and fatty acid oxidation increases. Factors other than the muscle malonyl-CoA concentration are likely responsible for the decline in fatty acid oxidation during exercise at high intensities.
Black and White women's attributions of women with underweight.

Abstract Despite the idealization of thin bodies, many people with low body weights report experiencing weight stigma. This stigma might relate to stereotypes about eating disorders (EDs). Specifically, people with lower body weights might be perceived as having EDs, conditions associated with significant stigma. Also, there is considerable pressure for Black women to obtain a curvy ideal, which could lead to anti-thin bias (i.e., the belief that individuals at lower body weights have undesirable characteristics) in this group. The current study evaluated these possibilities via an examination of anti-thin bias in Black and White women. Further, we explored perceived attributions of weight for Black and White women with underweight. Black (n = 96) and White (n = 128) participants read racially concordant vignettes in which characters varied by body mass index (BMI) status (slightly underweight, average weight, and slightly overweight). White women were more likely to ascribe negative personality characteristics to White vignette characters with underweight than to characters with average weight. In contrast, Black women's perceptions of Black vignette characters did not differ according to weight status. Both Black and White participants were more likely to attribute underweight characters' body weight to an ED compared with average weight characters. Results suggest that weight bias literature should incorporate the assessment and impact of weight stigma for individuals across the BMI spectrum.
Economic and Geo-Political Prognosis for 2015

The re-moderation of the world economy set in place over the past few years continues apace. Notwithstanding some lasting damage on the supply side through the 2008 recessionary trough, our outlook for 2015 is bullish weighing more on optimistic data trends than on continued negative sentiment proffered from some analyst quarters.
Observations of Reconnecting Flare Loops with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly

Perhaps the most compelling evidence for the role of magnetic reconnection in solar flares comes from the supra-arcade downflows that have been observed above many post-flare loop arcades. These downflows are thought to be related to highly non-potential field lines that have reconnected and are propagating away from the current sheet. We present new observations of supra-arcade downflows taken with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The morphology and dynamics of the downflows observed with AIA provide new evidence for the role of magnetic reconnection in solar flares. With these new observations we are able to measure downflows originating at larger heights than in previous studies. We find, however, that the initial velocities measured here (~144 km s–1) are well below the Alfven speed expected in the lower corona, and consistent with previous results. We also find no evidence that the downflows brighten with time, as would be expected from chromospheric evaporation. These observations suggest that simple two-dimensional models cannot explain the detailed observations of solar flares.
Process variability-aware transient fault modeling and analysis

Due to reduction in device feature size and supply voltage, the sensitivity of digital systems to transient faults is increasing dramatically. As technology scales further, the increase in transistor integration capacity also leads to the increase in process and environmental variations. Despite these difficulties, it is expected that systems remain reliable while delivering the required performance. Reliability and variability are emerging as new design challenges, thus pointing to the importance of modeling and analysis of transient faults and variation sources for the purpose of guiding the design process. This work presents a symbolic approach to modeling the effect of transient faults in digital circuits in the presence of variability due to process manufacturing. The results show that using a nominal case and not including variability effects, can underestimate the SER by 5% for the 50% yield point and by 10% for the 90% yield point.
Nurse practitioner hospitalists: An empowered role.

Abstract Background Nurse practitioners (NPs) are increasingly employed by hospital medicine groups and contribute to the care of the hospitalized adult patient. Prior research indicates NP hospitalists are empowered in their role. Purpose This national study describes the work experience of the NP hospitalist workforce. Method A qualitative exploratory study using five focus group sessions with NP hospitalists is described using thematic analysis and synthesis of transcriptions. Inductive coding identified and further refined themes explained by NP hospitalist participants. Findings Psychological empowerment was reaffirmed as the overarching theme to describe the experience of NP hospitalists. Five subthemes of this empowerment emerged: collegiality, autonomy, role preparation, the road traveled, and pathfinder. Discussion Three main implications of the study include: the need for educational programs to align with practice; hospital bylaws require updating to support current practice; and the APRN Consensus Model does not fully reflect hospitalist roles.
A How-To Guide for Open-Science Practices in Special Education Research:

Open-science reforms, which aim to increase credibility and access of research, have the potential to benefit the research base in special education, as well as practice and policy informed by that...
An Automated Real-Time Imaging System for Inspection of Composite Structures in Aircraft

The use of composite structures in military aircraft has grown significantly in recent years. As an example, the F-15 is approximately 2 percent composite by weight compared to the more recent AV-8B which is approximately 31 percent by weight. Projections for the use of composite materials in future aircraft design indicate that this trend will continue. A significant portion of the increased use of composites involves essential aircraft structural components—wings, stabilators, control surfaces, etc. Consequently, regular inspection of these structures at military installations will become increasingly necessary to help assure structural integrity.
Interface profile optimization for planar stress wave attenuation in bi-layered plates

Stress waves scatter upon entering a new medium. This occurs due to the reflection and transmission of the waves, which depends on the impedance mismatch between the two materials and the angle of incidence. For a bi-layered structure with finite dimensions and constant impedance ratio, the scattering and intensity of the stress waves may be varied by changing the interface profile between the two layers. In this paper, a methodology is proposed for optimizing the interface profile between the layers of a finite bi-layered plate for the objective of planar stress wave attenuation. The bi-layered plates are subjected at one end to highly impulsive loadings with various durations, and the geometry of the internal interface is optimized for the purpose of minimizing the amplitude of the maximum reaction force at the opposite fixed end. The optimization methodology is based on a genetic algorithm, which is coupled with a finite element method for analyzing the wave propagation behavior of the plates. It is observed that the interface profile and the amount of stress wave attenuation depend on the duration of the applied impulsive loading, with higher amounts of attenuation obtained when the wavelength associated with the impulsive load is small compared to the dimensions of the bi-layered plates.
Issues and Test Requirements in Radiation Shielding of Fusion Reactors

Radiation shield issues for fusion reactors have been investigated and the experiments and facilities required to resolve the issues have been identified and characterized as part of the FINESSE program. This paper summarizes the recommended approach to fusion shield research and development, provides a summary of the necessary experiments and facilities, and presents the results of technical analyses involved.