cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intravenous administration of diazepam. Effects on penicillin-induced focal seizures in the cat.

THE BENZODIAZEPINE compound, diazepam, was noted to have anticonvulsant properties when used to prevent strychnine, pentylenetetrazol, and electroshock convulsions (Randall et al, 1961, 1 and Swinyard and Castellion, 1966 2 ). Lanoir et al 3 reported a diminution of the after-discharges resulting from stimulation of the amygdala and cortex as well as an elevation of the threshold to pentylenetetrazol seizures in cats pretreated with diazepam. Schallek et al, 4 using lower doses, reported raising the threshold to after-discharges of the thalamus but not of the cortex or amygdala. Hernandez-Peon et al 5 concluded from their experiments on electrical stimulation of the amygdala, hippocampus, and precruciate motor cortex in the cat that diazepam "has a generalized depressant action upon epileptogenic structures throughout the brain." Naquet and his colleagues 6 reported on the successful termination of status epilepticus in cats with cicatricial lesions, and Spehlmann and Colley 7 were able to
A Cohomological Transfer Map for Profinite Groups

LetGbe a group,AaG-module, andHa subgroup ofG. The standard cohomological transfer map fromH*(H, A) toH*(G, A) is defined in the case thatHis of finite index inGand is given explicitly in each dimension by a formula involving a sum over a set of representives forH\G. In this paper, we obtain a new transfer in the case thatGis a profinite group,Ais an abelian protorsion group on whichGacts continuously,His a closed subgroup ofG, and the cohomology is continuous. We do this by developing a theory of integration for continuous functions from a compact space to a projective limit of discrete modules and replacing the finite sum in the formula for the standard transfer with an integral. As an application of the new transfer, we prove a profinite version of the well-known result that forAabelian andGfinite, an extension0→A→E→βG→1splits if, for every prime numberp, there exists a homomorphism γpfrom ap-Sylow subgroupSpofGtoEsuch that β ∘ γpis the identify onSp. Of particular importance in our proof is the fact that the composition of the restriction map fromH*(G, A) toH*(H, A) and the transfer which we introduce is equal to multiplication by [G: H], where the index in this case is a suitably defined element in Z.
Creep curves of AlMg alloys at very low stresses

Abstract Creep tests were conducted on AlMg alloys at very low stresses, where newtonian behavior of the Harper-Dorn type was previously reported, under the condition of large creep strains. The creep curves obtained show the presence of large transient strains before steady state is reached. This finding indicates that the earlier creep data on these alloys obtained from short-term tests (strains less than 1%) are not representative of steady state creep.
Regulation of the Rat Follicle-Stimulating Hormone β-Subunit Promoter by Activin

FSH is controlled by a variety of positive and negative stimuli, and the unique FSHβ-subunit is a major target for this regulation. Activin is a key modulator of FSHβ transcription and hormone secretion. The signal transduction pathway leading to FSH expression was previously unknown. Here, we show that the transcription factors Smad3 and Smad4 mediate activin-stimulated activity of the rat FSHβ promoter in a pituitary-derived cell line, LβT2. Cells were transiently transfected with the rat FSHβ promoter fused to a luciferase reporter gene (−338rFSHβ-Luc), and a minimal activin-responsive region was identified. Transfection of Smad3, but not the highly related Smad2, led to a ligand-independent stimulation of the FSHβ promoter activity. As expected, activin caused an additional increase of luciferase expression, which was blocked by cotreatment with follistatin. Although Smad4 alone had no effect on FSHβ transcription, it significantly augmented Smad3 and activin-mediated stimulation of the promoter. A pa...
The effect of nitrate on voc removal in trickle bed biofilters

Biofiltration is becoming an established economical air pollution control technology for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from waste air streams. This study utilizes diethyl ether as a VOC substrate and nitrate as a nitrogen nutrient source to investigate the effect of nitrate on VOC removal. Two trickle bed biofilters with pelletized media were operated co-currently at ether loading rates of 1.78 and 3.56 kg COD/m 3 ·day respectively, with a low empty bed retention time of 25 seconds, inlet gas flow rate of 8.64 m 3 /day and nutrient liquid flow rate of 1 1/day. The ether removal efficiencies improved from 72% to over 99% with increasing influent nitrate concentration from 66.7 to 266 mg NO 3 -N/l in the higher loaded column. Throughout the experiment, nitrate persisted in the liquid effluent. The lower ether removal at low influent nitrate concentrations was not due to nitrogen shortage, which suggests that the nitrate diffusion in the biofilms is rate determining. The higher COD:N consumption ratio in the biofilter with higher ether loading also indicates that ether removal may benefit from the utilization of nitrate as an alternative electron accepter in the deeper layers of the biofilm where the oxygen may be limited.
Hydrologic Considerations in Deep-Well Disposal of Radioactive Liquid Wastes: ABSTRACT

Disposal of radioactive liquid wastes through deep wells may be categorized as containment or confinement. Containment means the placement of wastes under conditions that preclude their movement out of a definable zone. Confinement means the placement of wastes in a zone where movement may take place under restricted conditions that can be controlled or monitored. Disposal of liquid wastes on a continuing basis by containment probably is not practical except for small quantities and may be possible in only a few areas. It is probable, therefore, that any deep disposal of radioactive liquid wastes will be by confinement of wastes in certain geologic zones through which they will move at measured rates. Hydrologic principles applied to the available data indicate that there is circulation of fluids in almost all sediments. Movement of fluids tends to be restricted in the basal parts of sedimentary basins, but any assumption that wastes introduced into a basin would not eventually move out of the basin or to the near-surface formations should be carefully scrutinized. Introduction of wastes into an anomalously low-pressure zone should not be considered safe unless the reasons for the low pressure can be explained. Data necessary to define the hydrodynamics of fluids injected through deep wells will be expensive to obtain, and many of them will have to be collected for each particular disposal site. Geochemical factors may influence greatly the movement of radioactive material in deep formations. A system of monitoring, and possibly removal, is a prime requisite of deep-well disposal of radioactive wastes. Initial disposal activities necessarily will be on an experimental basis pending the results of such monitoring. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2073------------
A technique for transrectal ultrasonography of stallions during ejaculation.

Abstract A technique was developed in which the accessory sex glands of stallions were visualized with transrectal ultrasonography during ejaculation. The technique was judged to be effective, since 10 of 11 stallions were trained to tolerate transrectal ultrasonography during ejaculation; they ejaculated during 195 of 200 attempts, and acceptable visualization of their accessory sex glands and excurrent ducts occurred during 97 of 195 ejaculations. Sixty-five percent ( 89 136 ) of the recordings were successful for stallions that weighed more than 300 kg, whereas 14% ( 8 59 ) of the recordings were successful for stallions weighing less than 300 kg. The 98 unsuccessful attempts were caused by inaccurate transducer placement due to the small size of the pelvic canal( 33 98 ), excessive transducer movement due to stallion movement ( 32 98 ), indistinct ultrasound images ( 28 98 ) and human error ( 5 98 ). The technique was judged to be safe, since no stallions or personnel sustained serious injuries during 200 data collection attempts.
Reflections of African-American Women on their Careers in Urban Policing. Their Experiences of Racial and Sexual Discrimination

Abstract This article examines the social organizational relationships and interactions that position African-American policewomen as outsiders within their own department. Their exclusion arises not only from dominant white males but from other subordinated groups such as white female and black male officers. The authors found persistent and pervasive patterns of sexual and racial discrimination. This qualitative research is based on data obtained from a population of all 21 black female police officers in a large urban city. The work experiences of black women in policing highlight several problematic areas. These women often experience gender discrimination related to professional abilities, job performance, and supervisory responsibilities. They experience racism in the form of derogatory remarks, and in the areas of hiring and promotion. Their marginality based on gender and race also is readily apparent in relationships among officers.
Tracing Ground Water Input to Base Flow Using Sulfate (S, O) Isotopes

Sulfate (S and O) isotopes used in conjunction with sulfate concentration provide a tracer for ground water contributions to base flow. They are particularly useful in areas where rock sources of contrasting S isotope character are juxtaposed, where water chemistry or H and O isotopes fail to distinguish water sources, and in arid areas where rain water contributions to base flow are minimal. Sonoita Creek basin in southern Arizona, where evaporite and igneous sources of sulfur are commonly juxtaposed, serves as an example. Base flow in Sonoita Creek is a mixture of three ground water sources: A, basin ground water with sulfate resembling that from Permian evaporite; B, ground water from the Patagonia Mountains; and C, ground water associated with Temporal Gulch. B and C contain sulfate like that of acid rock drainage in the region but differ in sulfate content. Source A contributes 50% to 70%, with the remainder equally divided between B and C during the base flow seasons. The proportion of B generally increases downstream. The proportion of A is greatest under drought conditions.
Job Coscheduling on Coupled High-End Computing Systems

Supercomputer centers often deploy large-scale computing systems together with an associated data analysis or visualization system. In this paper, we propose a co scheduling mechanism, providing the ability to coordinate execution between jobs on different systems. The mechanism is built on top of a lightweight protocol for coordination between policy domains without manual intervention. We have evaluated this system using real job traces from Intrepid and Eureka, the production Blue Gene/P and data analysis systems, respectively, deployed at Argonne National Laboratory. Our experimental results quantify the costs of co scheduling and demonstrate that co scheduling can be achieved with limited impact on system performance under varying workloads.
Transgenic CaMKIIδC Overexpression Uniquely Alters Cardiac Myocyte Ca2+ Handling. Reduced SR Ca2+ Load and Activated SR Ca2+ Release

Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) δ is the predominant cardiac isoform, and the δ C splice variant is cytoplasmic. We overexpressed CaMKIIδ C in mouse heart and observed dilated heart failure and altered myocyte Ca 2+ regulation in 3-month-old CaMKIIδ C transgenic mice (TG) versus wild-type littermates (WT). Heart/body weight ratio and cardiomyocyte size were increased about 2-fold in TG versus WT. At 1 Hz, twitch shortening, [Ca 2+ ] i transient amplitude, and diastolic [Ca 2+ ] i were all reduced by ≈50% in TG versus WT. This is explained by >50% reduction in SR Ca 2+ content in TG versus WT. Peak Ca 2+ current ( I Ca ) was slightly increased, and action potential duration was prolonged in TG versus WT. Despite lower SR Ca 2+ load and diastolic [Ca 2+ ] i , fractional SR Ca 2+ release was increased and resting spontaneous SR Ca 2+ release events (Ca 2+ sparks) were doubled in frequency in TG versus WT (with prolonged width and duration, but lower amplitude). Enhanced Ca 2+ spark frequency was also seen in TG at 4 weeks (before heart failure onset). Acute CaMKII inhibition normalized Ca 2+ spark frequency and I Ca , consistent with direct CaMKII activation of ryanodine receptors (and I Ca ) in TG. The rate of [Ca 2+ ] i decline during caffeine exposure was faster in TG, indicating enhanced Na + -Ca 2+ exchange function (consistent with protein expression measurements). Enhanced diastolic SR Ca 2+ leak (via sparks), reduced SR Ca 2+ -ATPase expression, and increased Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger explain the reduced diastolic [Ca 2+ ] i and SR Ca 2+ content in TG. We conclude that CaMKIIδ C overexpression causes acute modulation of excitation-contraction coupling, which contributes to heart failure.
Synthetic Proteins and Peptides for the Direct Interrogation of α-Synuclein Posttranslational Modifications.

α-Synuclein is the aggregation-prone protein associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related neurodegenerative diseases. Complicating both its biological functions and toxic aggregation are a variety of posttranslational modifications. These modifications have the potential to either positively or negatively affect α-synuclein aggregation, raising the possibility that the enzymes that add or remove these modifications could be therapeutic targets in PD. Synthetic protein chemistry is uniquely positioned to generate site-specifically and homogeneously modified proteins for biochemical study. Here, we review the application of synthetic peptides and proteins towards understanding the effects of α-synuclein posttranslational modifications.
Syntheses of bis(η‐cyclopentadienyl)titanio derivatives of poly(amide oxime)s

Bis(η-cyclopentadienyl)titanio derivatives of poly(amide oxime)s (3) were synthesized via the condensation of amide oximes (1a–g) with (Cp)2TiCl2 (2) utilizing both the interfacial and solution techniques. The reaction was found to be rapid, occuring in generally less than 90s and to increase with the stirring rate in the region of 8000 to 24 000rpm but with yield remaining constant above 12 000rpm. Bis(η-cyclopentadienyl)titan-Derivate von Polyamidoximen (3) wurden aus (Cp)2TiCl2 und verschiedenen Amidoximen durch Grenzflachenpolykondensation oder durch Kondensation in Losung hergestellt. Es wurde gefunden, das die Reaktion schnell verlauft, gewohnlich innerhalb weniger als 90s. Sie nimmt mit steigender Ruhrgeschwindigkeit zu im Bereich von 8000–24 000rpm, wobei die Ausbeute oberhalb von 12 000rpm konstant bleibt.
Theoretical studies of Na(H2O)19-21+ and K(H2O)19-21+ clusters: Explaining the absence of magic peak for Na(H2O)20+

Abstract The M(H 2 O) 19–21 + clusters (M = Na or K in cavity) consisting of broken and distorted dodecahedral cages are studied by optimizing geometry at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level. The stabilization energy (relative to separated H 2 O and M + ) per monomer (SEP) exhibits a maximum for K(H 2 O) 20 + and no such maximum for Na(H 2 O) 20 + cluster. While K in dodecahedral cavity carries a +1 charge, Na remains as a neutral atom, and suggests that the electron affinity (EA) of Na + > EA of (H 2 O) 20 + dodecahedral cage > EA of K + . On the basis of above trends in the SEP values and the charge on the metal, one can explain the absence of a magic number peak for Na(H 2 O) 20 + and the presence of the magic peak for K(H 2 O) 20 + cluster.
Entropy versus action in the (2+1)-dimensional Hartle-Hawking wave function

In most attempts to compute the Hartle-Hawking "wave function of the Universe" in Euclidean quantum gravity, two important approximations are made: the path integral is evaluated in a saddle-point approximation, and only the leading (least action) extremum is taken into account. In (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity with a negative cosmological constant, the second assumption is shown to lead to incorrect results: although the leading extremum gives the most important single contribution to the path integral, topologically inequivalent instantons with larger actions occur in great enough numbers to predominate. One can thus say that in 2 + 1 dimensions, and possibly in 3 + 1 dimensions as well, entropy dominates the action in the gravitational path integral.
Nicotine–Dizocilpine Interactions and Working and Reference Memory Performance of Rats in the Radial-Arm Maze

Both nicotinic cholinergic and NMDA glutaminergic systems are important for memory function. Nicotine has been found repeatedly to significantly improve working memory performance in the radial-arm maze. The NMDA antagonist dizocilpine has been found to impair working memory performance. There is neuropharmacological evidence that these two systems are functionally related. Nicotine is potent at releasing many transmitters including glutamate. The current study was conducted to examine the interaction of nicotinic and NMDA systems with regard to working and reference memory. Rats were trained on a working/reference procedure on a 16-arm radial maze. After acquisition, they were administered nicotine (0, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg) and dizocilpine (0, 100, and 200 μg/kg) alone or in combination in a repeated measures, counterbalanced design. As seen previously, nicotine at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg caused a significant improvement in working but not reference memory performance in the radial-arm maze. The 200 μg/kg dose of dizocilpine made the rats nonresponsive on the maze so that choice accuracy could not be assessed. The 100 μg/kg dose of dizocilpine caused significant impairments in both working and reference memory. The 0.4 mg/kg dose of nicotine significantly attenuated the dizocilpine-induced deficit in both working and reference memory. NMDA blockade impairs working and reference memory and blocks the expression of the working memory improvement caused by 0.2 mg/kg of nicotine. However, a higher dose of 0.4 mg/kg of nicotine is effective at attenuating the dizocilpine-induced deficit, even though this dose alone is not effective in improving performance. A second study examined the effects of a lower dose range of dizocilpine. Comensurately smaller memory impairments were seen with lower doses of dizocilpine down to 12.5 μg/kg, which did not produce any significant effects on memory performance or response latency. Nicotine had a more modest effect in attenuating the smaller deficits caused by these lower doses of dizocilpine. These studies provide evidence for important interactions between nicotinic and NMDA systems with regard to memory function.
Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome with tetralogy of fallot and subvalvar aortic stenosis.

Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome is a rare and lethal association of craniosynostosis with features of Marfan syndrome. 1 It has been traced to a defect of chromosome 15. 2 Cardiac features include progressive aortic root dilatation. To our knowledge, there is no known association of this syndrome with congenital heart defects.
Two Prophecy Formulas for Assessing the Reliability of Item Response Theory-Based Ability Estimates:

Two new prophecy formulas for estimating item response theory (IRT)-based reliability of a shortened or lengthened test are proposed. Some of the relationships between the two formulas, one of which is identical to the well-known Spearman-Brown prophecy formula, are examined and illustrated. The major assumptions underlying these formulas are outlined and discussed. Both prophecy formulas appear to provide comparable estimates of reliability in the IRT context as well as in the classical test theory context.
Evaluation of Supermarket Bagging Using a Wrist Motion Monitor

The supermarket industry has one of the highest numbers of repeated trauma illnesses. Checkout departments have a rate of musculoskeletal injuries 2 to 3 times higher than that of other supermarket departments. The primary objective of this study was to quantify the wrist motions required to bag groceries using a wrist motion monitor. The wrist motions included deviations, velocities, and accelerations for flexion-extension, radial-ulnar, and pronation-supination directions. The independent variables were handle type and object location. Objects with finger-thumb couplings required more extreme pronations, greater wrist velocities for pronation-supination deviations, and greater wrist accelerations for pronation-supination deviations than did other objects. Objects with 10-cm hand couplings required more extreme flexion, larger ranges of movement for radial-ulnar deviations and pronation-supination deviations, and greater wrist velocities in the radial-ulnar and pronation-supination directions than did 5-cm objects. The right and front locations required more extreme deviations than did the left and back locations. Because finger-thumb and 10-cm hand couplings require larger wrist deviations and greater velocities, these objects may pose a greater risk of developing cumulative trauma disorders to the bagger. Potential applications of this research include engineering design of grocery packaging and supermarket bagging workstations.
Noninvasive assessment of diastolic intraventricular pressure gradients using color Doppler M-mode echocardiography

Diastolic intraventricular gradients, while previously observed are now hypothesized to play a critical role in diastolic filling and function. However the clinical ability to monitor intraventricular pressure gradients is not normally possible. Doppler echocardiographic M-mode analysis may provide a noninvasive estimate of this important information. The Euler equation, which describes the pressure-velocity relationship along an inflow streamline, is used to compute the diastolic pressure gradient within the ventricle. In a novel experimental setup, the invasive pressures at multiple locations within the ventricular chamber are acquired simultaneously with noninvasive color Doppler M-mode images providing spatiotemporal velocity distributions during diastolic filling. Techniques have been developed to calculate pressure gradients using digitally processed spatiotemporal velocity distributions obtained from the color Doppler M-mode image. These results have been compared with the direct invasive pressure measurements.
OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH GROSSLY NODE POSITIVE BLADDER CANCER AFTER PELVIC LYMPH NODE DISSECTION AND RADICAL CYSTECTOMY

Purpose: Should the surgeon proceed with surgery when grossly positive nodes are found at cystectomy? To answer this question, we determine the outcome of patients after radical surgery alone for grossly node positive bladder cancer.Materials and Methods: A total of 84 patients with grossly node positive (N2-3) bladder cancer found at cystectomy underwent extended pelvic lymph node dissection and have been followed for up to 10 years. The end point of study was disease specific survival.Results: Of the 84 patients 20 (24%) survived and 64 (76%) died of disease. Median survival time was 19 months for all patients and 10 years for surviving patients. Of 53 patients with clinical stage T2 (organ confined) tumors 17 (32%) survived versus 3 of 31 (9.7%) with stage T3 (extravesical) tumors.Conclusions: A proportion of patients with grossly node positive bladder cancer can be cured with radical cystectomy and thorough pelvic lymph node dissection.
The Role of an Interface Misfit Dislocation in Blocking the Glide of a Threading Dislocation in a Strained Epitaxial Layer

The glide of a threading dislocation in a strained layer may be impeded as it encounters interface misfit dislocations on intersecting glide planes. An estimate of the change in driving force on the threading dislocation during this interaction is discussed within the framework of elastic dislocation theory.
Acarine Hypopi (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) on Ixodes scapularis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) in Central North America

Phoretic deutonymphs (hypopi) of Schwiebea sp. mites were detected during examinations of questing adult and nymphal blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, from vegetation at two woodland sites in northeastern Wisconsin, USA, during May and June, 2014. Collection sites were in Marinette and Oconto Counties, respectively. These hypopi are evidently the first reported from ticks in the Western Hemisphere, and they seem to be most similar morphologically to the putatively Holarctic species Schwiebea nova (Oudemans).
Embedded sensors for indoor positioning

Indoor location-based applications have a broad appeal for development in navigation, robotics, gaming, asset tracking, networking, and more. GPS technologies have been successfully leveraged for outdoor navigation, but often lose effectiveness indoors due to a more constrained environment, possible loss of signal, lack of elevation information and need for better accuracy. This paper presents our experimental results to create an indoor positioning system using a current model Smartphone: the Apple iPhone 4 and the embedded sensors.
Six sigma approach of understanding and resolving skip ink issue

Both Internal and External customer is directly affected by the skip ink issue. External costumer that received un-ink electronically die will generate IFAR while internal costumer is mandated to perform re-working that affecting the delivery and cycle time of the product.
Effects of time constraints on clinician-computer interaction

Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted Cognitive pathways of interns' EHR note synthesis under timed and untimed conditions.Adjustments of interns' information consumption based on awareness of time constraints.Non-significant difference in errors for timed and untimed EHR note synthesis. BackgroundTime is a measurable and critical resource that affects the quality of services provided in clinical practice. There is limited insight into the effects of time restrictions on clinicians' cognitive processes with the electronic health record (EHR) in providing ambulatory care. ObjectiveTo understand the impact of time constraints on clinicians' synthesis of text-based EHR clinical notes. MethodsWe used an established clinician cognitive framework based on a think-aloud protocol. We studied interns' thought processes as they accomplished a set of four preformed ambulatory care clinical scenarios with and without time restrictions in a controlled setting. ResultsInterns most often synthesized details relevant to patients' problems and treatment, regardless of whether or not the time available for task performance was restricted. In contrast to previous findings, subsequent information commonly synthesized by clinicians related most commonly to the chronology of clinical events for the unrestricted time observations and to investigative procedures for the time-restricted sessions. There was no significant difference in the mean number of omission errors and incorrect deductions when interns synthesized the EHR clinical notes with and without time restrictions (3.5?0.5 vs. 2.3?0.5, p=0.14). ConclusionOur results suggest that the incidence of errors during clinicians' synthesis of EHR clinical notes is not increased with modest time restrictions, possibly due to effective adjustments of information processing strategies learned from the usual time-constrained nature of patient visits. Further research is required to investigate the effects of similar or more extreme time variations on cognitive processes employed with different levels of expertise, specialty, and with different care settings.
Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hyponatremia in a Patient With Diabetes Insipidus

Cyclophosphamide has been previously observed to induce hyponatremia. The mechanism remains unclear. Cyclophosphamide may produce a syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone-like phenomenon through impairment of the kidney’s ability to dilute urine. Whether cyclophosphamide or its metabolites have a direct effect on the kidney, a vasopressin-like effect on the kidney, or cause vasopressin release is unknown. A 29-year-old man with intracranial germinoma diagnosed at age 11 treated primarily with chemo-radiation developed a recurrence 17 years later and was noted to have panhypopituitarism with resultant central diabetes insipidus. He was admitted for chemotherapy with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and mesna. His admission serum sodium was normal, but he became hyponatremic while undergoing chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and mesna in conjunction with the initiation of intravenous hydration with 5% dextrose/0.45% normal saline despite withholding two doses of desmopressin (DDAVP). The sodium eventually normalized after administration of 20 mg intravenous furosemide. A similar episode occurred several weeks later, while again receiving cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and mesna chemotherapy. He again became hyponatremic despite receiving isotonic saline fluids and withholding DDAVP during cyclophosphamide treatment. Serum sodium did not improve with three doses of 10 mg intravenous furosemide but improved instead with sodium chloride tablets. The mechanism of cyclophosphamide-induced hyponatremia remains unknown. Given that this patient’s central diabetes insipidus prevents him from secreting increased amounts of anti-diuretic hormone, hyponatremia is likely induced by a direct nephrogenic effect of cyclophosphamide or its metabolites. J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;5(6):337-339 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jem319w
Blood Flow Disturbances in the Cardiovascular System: Significance in Health and Disease

The characteristics of blood flow in the cardiovascular system are unique in that they involve an array of variables not commonly encountered in engineering applications. Among these factors are: pulsatile flow, non-Newtonian fluid, compliant arterial walls, complex structure of entrance regions, vessel tapering, curvature and bifurcations. All of these factors interact in the determination of flow characteristics of the arterial system. Many may undergo changes in various disease states and thereby alter the characteristics of flow. The following discussion will relate to: 1) The nature of flow disturbances in normal states. 2) Its alteration under abnormal conditions. 3) Factors that tend to augment or minimize disturbances, and 4) The implications of the presence of flow disturbances in physical diagnosis, and 5) its potential in the perpetuation of cardiovascular abnormalities.
WAMINet: An Open Source Library for Dynamic Geospace Analysis Using WAMI

Modern military and commercial aerial platforms have the ability to capture imagery data over very large (kilometer wide) areas at moderate rates of 1-3 frames per second. This wide-area motion imagery (WAMI) captures the conditions and activity over a geospace, hence offering an opportunity to understand its wide-scale dynamics. This paper presents WAMINet, a library capable of ingesting large numbers of WAMI frames to build a network representation of the dynamics of the geospace being studied. It discusses the approach WAMINet uses to build the network representation, the component based design of the architecture, and illustrates its WAMI processing capabilities. Prototype versions of WAMINet and its code are available for download.
An Ultra-Fast Digital Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging (dDOSI) System for Monitoring Chemotherapy Response

We present a clinically-feasible digital platform for ultra-fast frequency-domain DOSI measurements of tissue chromophore concentrations, which will be used to monitor treatment response early during chemotherapy to guide treatment.
Synthesis and degradation of collagen in the developing corium of the chick embryo.

Abstract 1. Indices of collagen synthesis and degradation were developed in a chick corium system in vitro. 2. These indices were determined by quantitatively measuring non-diffusible and diffusible hydroxy[14C]proline in the tissues after a standard period of incubation. 3. Under these incubation conditions collagen metabolism of the corium appears to be stable for at least 180min. 4. The indices of collagen synthesis and degradation seem to reflect the conditions of collagen metabolism in vivo. 5. A rapid collagen turnover occurs in the corium of the 13–14-day embryo owing to an accelerated collagen degradation at that period. 6. Epidermal elements may influence the synthesis as well as the degradation of collagen.
Always Have a Plan

When playing chess, a good player will always have a short-term plan. Spend two or three moves trapping that knight. Pressure the opponent’s rook to force a retreat. Explore that opportunity for a checkmate. Of course, the plan may have to be revised as your opponent reacts. But the important thing is to always have a plan in mind to try. It’s okay if your plan is merely a vague direction rather than a step-by-step roadmap. Even stalling until your opponent gets impatient is sometimes an acceptable plan. But just don’t move pieces around randomly hoping to stumble across something great. That’s a surefire recipe for disaster.
Molecular architecture of the complete COG tethering complex

The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex orchestrates vesicular trafficking to and within the Golgi apparatus. Here, we use negative-stain electron microscopy to elucidate the architecture of the hetero-octameric COG complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Intact COG has an intricate shape, with four (or possibly five) flexible legs, that differs strikingly from that of the exocyst complex and appears to be well suited for vesicle capture and fusion.
Why Has Iran Been Revolutionary? I

In a 1983 article I compared Iran’s revolutions with other great world revolutions, and also compared and contrasted the Iranian constitutional revolution of 1905–11 with its Islamic Revolution of 1979.1 Here I wish to look in a different way at the history of revolts and revolutions in Iran since 1890, and pose the question of why Iran has, overall, been so revolutionary, having had more revolutions and rebellions than other Muslim countries, and more than all but one or two Third World countries. The comparison in this chapter is not with western revolutions or between Iranian revolutions but rather a comparison of Iran with other Muslim and other Third World countries.
Community Resources in a Diverse City: Supermarket Location and Emerging Racial Hierarchies

Disparities are pronounced along racial/ethnic lines in the USA. Convention draws our attention to blacks and whites, but increased racial/ethnic diversity in the USA requires shifts in that focus. We contribute to studies of racial/ethnic stratification by interrogating the association between racial/ethnic composition and supermarket location in Houston, Texas. First, we assess the benefits of a new approach to defining the racial/ethnic composition of local areas, an approach that acknowledges an increasingly complex racial/ethnic demography. Second, we contribute to our understanding of emerging racial/ethnic stratification hierarchies by examining the position of the racial/ethnic composition categories relative to one another. Our results suggest a persistent link between racial/ethnic composition and supermarket location, which highlights entrenched black disadvantage coupled with malleable middle positions for Hispanic areas. The associated stratification hierarchy is gradual in nature, yet there is evidence supporting arguments that the USA is moving toward a tri-racial system.
Orbitronics — Harnessing metal insulator phase transition in 1T-MoSe 2

In this work, we reveal a remarkable orbital ordering texture associated with a Peierls distortion that leads to metal-insulator phase transition (MIT) in 1T molybdenum diselenide (MoSe 2 ). The metallic conductivity in this MIT is realized by an isotropically distributed Mo t 2g orbitals whereas splitting of both t 2g and e g orbitals near the Fermi level opens a bandgap in distorted semiconducting phase. Our results also indicate that a stacking of two orbitally ordered layers allows triggering of phase transition by external perturbations such as, vertical pressure and vertical electric field.
DG summary: Resistive memories

The DG on resistive memories took place on the evening of Oct. 16, 2012, with approximately fourteen attendees. Various aspects of RRAM were discussed.
A Longitudinal Comparison of Parent and Child Influence on Sports Participation

Drawing on expectancy-value theory, this study examines children’s motivational attributes and parental influences on how children spend their leisure time in middle childhood and adolescence. Specifically, the study examined if parent encouragement and beliefs (i.e., perceived importance of sports and perceived child ability) and child motivation (expectancy and value for sports) are predictive of sports participation over the course of middle childhood and adolescence. Parent and child reports are compared using data from the Childhood and Beyond (CAB) longitudinal study. Findings reveal that parent beliefs and encouragement and child motivation were positively associated with sports participation in middle childhood. Both parental influences and children’s motivation measured in middle childhood were predictive of time spent participating in adolescence. However, only parent influences were predictive of whether the child continued to participate in sports in adolescence.
Learning Informally Through Story, Song, and Children’s Shadow Theater

This chapter examines Greek folk tales and songs taught in informal learning settings. One will see in this chapter that many of the first folk tales that children learned were Aesop’s fables. These creative stories, originally written by the prolific ancient Greek fabler, Aesop, and later adapted for a modern Greek audience, brought to life the natural and physical environment while at the same time engaged young learners to solve a moral or ethical dilemma. Children’s shadow theater was also popular for much of nineteenth and early twentieth century Greece. The most notorious children’s theater of the time was the so-called Karagiozis shadow puppet shows. The Karagiozis puppet shows traveled and performed in almost every town and city in Greece, entertaining generations of Greek children. Karagiozis, the protagonist of the theater shows, a poor, swarthy, disheveled humpback Greek, electrified children audiences for over a century through his comical and well-orchestrated antics.
Association of high mobility group BOX-1 and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts with clinicopathological features of haematological malignancies: a systematic review

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a versatile protein with nuclear and extracellular functions. In the extracellular milieu, HMGB1 binds to several receptors, notably the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). The expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE have been described in a variety of cancers. However, the clinical values of HMGB1 and RAGE in haematological malignancies have yet to be evaluated. A systematic search through PubMed and the Web of Science for articles discussing the role of HMGB1 and RAGE in haematological malignancies produced 15 articles. Overexpression of HMGB1 was reported to be associated with malignancy and, in certain studies, poor prognosis and tumour aggressiveness. Only one included study investigated the clinical value of RAGE, in which no significant difference was found between expression of RAGE in CLL neoplastic cells and nonmalignant controls. The discussed associations of HMGB1 and RAGE with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with haematological malignancies warrants further investigation into the prognostic and diagnostic value of both of these molecules.
Micromechanical anisotropy and heterogeneity of the meniscus extracellular matrix.

Abstract To understand how the complex biomechanical functions of the meniscus are endowed by the nanostructure of its extracellular matrix (ECM), we studied the anisotropy and heterogeneity in the micromechanical properties of the meniscus ECM. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to quantify the time-dependent mechanical properties of juvenile bovine meniscus at deformation length scales corresponding to the diameters of collagen fibrils. At this scale, anisotropy in the elastic modulus of the circumferential fibers, the major ECM structural unit, can be attributed to differences in fibril deformation modes: uncrimping when normal to the fiber axis, and laterally constrained compression when parallel to the fiber axis. Heterogeneity among different structural units is mainly associated with their variations in microscale fiber orientation, while heterogeneity across anatomical zones is due to alterations in collagen fibril diameter and alignment at the nanoscale. Unlike the elastic modulus, the time-dependent properties are more homogeneous and isotropic throughout the ECM. These results enable a detailed understanding of the meniscus structure-mechanics at the nanoscale, and can serve as a benchmark for understanding meniscus biomechanical functions, documenting disease progression and designing tissue repair strategies. Statement of Significance Meniscal damage is a common cause of joint injury, which can lead to the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis among young adults. Restoration of meniscus function requires repairing its highly heterogeneous and complex extracellular matrix. Employing AFM, this study quantifies the anisotropic and heterogeneous features of the meniscus ECM structure and mechanics. The micromechanical properties are interpreted within the context of the collagen fibril nanostructure and its variation with tissue anatomical locations. These results provide a fundamental structure-mechanics knowledge benchmark, against which, repair and regeneration strategies can be developed and evaluated with respect to the specialized structural and functional complexity of the native tissue.
Controlling energy flow in multimetallic nanostructures for plasmonic catalysis

It has been shown that photoexcitation of plasmonic metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au and Cu) can induce direct photochemical reactions. However, the widespread application of this technology in catalysis has been limited by the relatively poor chemical reactivity of noble metal surfaces. Despite efforts to combine plasmonic and catalytic metals, the physical mechanisms that govern energy transfer from plasmonic metals to catalytic metals remain unclear. Here we show that hybrid core-shell nanostructures in which a core plasmonic metal harvests visible-light photons can selectively channel that energy into catalytically active centres on the nanostructure shell. To accomplish this, we developed a synthetic protocol to deposit a few monolayers of Pt onto Ag nanocubes. This model system allows us to conclusively separate the optical and catalytic functions of the hybrid nanomaterial and determine that the flow of energy is strongly biased towards the excitation of energetic charge carriers in the Pt shell. We demonstrate the utility of these nanostructures for photocatalytic chemical reactions in the preferential oxidation of CO in excess H2. Our data demonstrate that the reaction occurs exclusively on the Pt surface.
Regulation of kinetochore configuration during mitosis

Successful proliferation and function of an organism relies on the equal segregation of its genetic material during cell division. Duplicate sister chromatids need to accurately segregate at mitosis. Precise segregation depends on a multicomplex protein structure called the kinetochore. The kinetochore assembles at centromeres and attaches to microtubules to segregate sister chromatids. Even though the kinetochore structure was first observed nearly a century ago, many aspects of the regulation, function and assembly of this large 100 + protein structure remain to be determined. Improved microscopy and proteomics techniques over the years have helped to reveal the structure, composition and localization of sub-modules of the kinetochore. Recent work suggests that the configuration of the kinetochore is plastic, with extra submodules being added during anaphase to support microtubule tracking and chromosome segregation. We discuss our perspective of how this process might be regulated.
Determination of Heart Cell Lineages

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the current understanding of the timing and mechanism that establish the myocyte and endocardial cell lineage and their derivatives in the avian heart. Myocardial contractions begin during this double-walled stage of heart formation. Initial pulsations are generated at the right myocardium and spread posteriorly to anteriorly over the whole myocardium. The two-chambered heart further undergoes a series of morphogenetic steps: looping, septation, trabeculation, and thickening of the ventricular walls, and the cranial shift of atrial chambers. Associated with these morphogenetic events, fate diversification takes place within both the myocyte and endocardial endothelial lineages. Diversification in the myocyte lineage generates three distinct cardiac cell types, the atrial myocytes, the ventricular myocytes, and the cells of the cardiac conduction system that coordinates the rhythmic heartbeat. A subpopulation of the endocardial cell lineage further differentiates into valves of the heart. These fate diversification events of cardiogenic mesoderm-derived lineages are regulated by local cell- to-cell communications of neighboring endoderm, ectoderm, migratory neural crest, and coronary vascular cells derived from outside of the heart field. Development and integration of these subcardiac components are sequentially programmed during heart formation in higher vertebrates.
Global Epidemiology of Neuroendocrine Tumors

A significant increase in the annual age-adjusted incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) was observed in the United States over the last three decades. The underlying reason for such increase has not been explained by epidemiological studies. However, there is strong evidence that NETs occur sporadically, regardless of disease site and that positive family history of cancer is associated with risk of developing NETs that did not arise in the context of other hereditary syndromes.
Non-Hermitian Modes of Phased Microcavity Laser Arrays

Coupled semiconductor arrays are inherently non-Hermitian optical systems. We use a comprehensive coupled rate equation analysis to elucidate the unique properties of coherent 2×1 photonic crystal VCSEL arrays.
Multivariate semi-continuous proportionally constrained two-part fixed effects models and applications.

Semi-continuous data, also known as zero-inflated continuous data, have a substantial portion of responses equal to a single value (typically 0) and a continuous, right-skewed distribution among th...