cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of sampling rate on interpretation of the temporal characteristics of radiative and convective heating in wildland flames

Time-resolved radiative and convective heating measurements were collected on a prescribed burn in coniferous fuels at a sampling frequency of 500 Hz. Evaluation of the data in the time and frequency domain indicate that this sampling rate was sufficient to capture the temporal fluctuations of radiative and convective heating. The convective heating signal contained significantly larger fluctuations in magnitude and frequency than did the radiative heating signal. The data were artificially down-sampled to 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1 Hz to explore the effect of sampling rate on peak heat fluxes, time-averaged heating and integrated heating. Results show that for sampling rates less than 5 Hz the difference between measured and actual peak radiative heating rates can be as great as 24%, and is on the order of 80% for 1-Hz sampling rates. Convective heating showed degradation in the signal for sampling rates less than 100 Hz. Heating rates averaged over a 2-s moving window, as well as integrated radiative and convective heating were insensitive to sampling rate across all ranges explored. The data suggest that peak radiative and convective heating magnitudes cannot be fully temporally resolved for sampling frequencies lower than 20 and 200 Hz. Language: en
Depressive symptoms in disadvantaged women receiving prenatal care: the influence of adverse and positive childhood experiences.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), positive influences in childhood (PICs), and depressive symptoms among low-income pregnant women. METHODS: Face-to-face survey of women receiving prenatal care at Philadelphia community health centers. We conducted surveys at the first prenatal care visit and at a mean age +/- standard deviation of 11 +/- 1 months postpartum, and obtained information on sociodemographic characteristics and childhood experiences before age 16. Group differences were tested with respect to a cutpoint of 23 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), with the chi(2) test used for categorical variables and the Student's t test used for continuous variables. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to adjust for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 1476 mostly young, African American, low-income women. The majority (70% and 90%, respectively) of women reported at least one ACE and one PIC. For each ACE, affected women were more likely to have depressive symptoms than their counterparts. There was a dose-response effect in that a higher number of ACEs was associated with a higher likelihood of having depressive symptoms. PICs, on the other hand, were associated with a lower likelihood of having depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Among low-income women, ACEs were associated with a higher likelihood of having depressive symptoms in a dose-response fashion, and PICs were associated with a lower risk. Efforts to prevent ACEs and to promote PICs might help reduce the risk of depressive symptoms and their associated problems in adulthood. Language: en
Contemporary Surgical Trends in the Management of Upper Tract Calculi

Purpose: Upper tract nephrolithiasis is a common surgical condition that is treated with multiple surgical techniques, including shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. We analyzed case logs submitted to the ABU by candidates for initial certification and recertification to help elucidate the trends in management of upper tract urinary calculi.Materials and Methods: Annualized case logs from 2003 to 2012 were analyzed. We used logistic regression models to assess how surgeon specific attributes affected the way that upper tract stones were treated. Cases were identified by the CPT code of the corresponding procedure.Results: A total of 6,620 urologists in 3 certification groups recorded case logs, including 2,275 for initial certification, 2,381 for first recertification and 1,964 for second recertification. A total of 441,162 procedures were logged, of which 54.2% were ureteroscopy, 41.3% were shock wave lithotripsy and 4.5% were percutaneous nephrolithotomy. From 2003 to 2...
Thick Film Patterned Ceramics Using UV-Curable Pastes

Screen-printed layers of Al2O3, BaTiO3, 0.90Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-03–0.10PbTiO3, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, ZnO, and glass alumina pastes have been patterned using photoprinting techniques. Curability of each paste by ultraviolet light and formation of holes with various diameters were studied for application as a production method for very small-sized vias. The dependence of hole diameters on various experimental parameters is presented and discussed. Wall slopes were found to depend on the transmission of the powders used in the pastes.
Preference-weighted health-related quality of life measures and substance use disorder severity.

Aims Examine the validity of preference‐weighted health‐related quality of life measures in a sample of substance use disorder (SUD) patients. The implications of cost–utility analyses (CUAs) of SUD interventions are discussed. Design Cross‐sectional analysis of subjects seeking SUD treatment. Setting Seven SUD treatment centers in a medium‐sized Midwestern metropolitan area in the United States. Participants Data from 574 SUD subjects were analyzed from a study to test interventions to improve linkage and engagement with substance abuse treatment. Measurements Subjects completed the following preference‐weighted measures: self‐administered Quality of Well‐Being scale (QWB‐SA) and Medical Outcomes Study SF‐12 (standard gamble weighted or SF‐12 SG); and clinical measures: Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and a symptom checklist based on the DSM‐IV. Findings In unadjusted analyses, the QWB‐SA was correlated significantly with six of seven ASI subscales and the SF‐12 SG was correlated with four of seven. In adjusted analyses, both preference‐weighted measures were significantly correlated with diagnostic, physical health, mental health and drug use measures, but not with legal or alcohol use measures. The QWB‐SA was also correlated with employment problems and the SF‐12 SG was correlated with family/social problems. Conclusions This study generally supports the construct validity of preference‐weighted health‐related quality of life measures in SUD patients. However, the QWB‐SA and SF‐12 SG did not correlate with all ASI scales. Cost–benefit analysis may be preferable when policy‐makers are interested in evaluating the full range of SUD intervention outcomes.
Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection in serum of antibodies to Entamoeba histolytica.

Abstract A commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was compared to an indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) for the detection of antibodies to Entamoeba histolytica on 225 patients' serums. All of the 107 serums that had IHA titers of
gp120-Induced Neurotoxicity in Hippocampal Pyramidal Neuron Cultures: Protective Action of TGF-β1

We found that TGF-beta1, a cytokine that previously has been reported to have neuroprotective effects, was able to prevent the toxicity induced by the HIV-1 coat protein gp120 in hippocampal pyramidal neuron cultures. In the presence of glia, gp120 induced time- and dose-dependent cell death, which was more pronounced in mature (7-19 d in culture) than in young neurons (2-7 d in culture). Staining with nuclear dyes (propidium iodide and Hoechst 33342), in situ detection of DNA fragments, and DNA analysis on agarose gels indicated that apoptosis was mainly responsible for the death caused by the viral protein. However, after several days of treatment, death-displaying necrotic features also occurred. Neurotoxicity induced by gp120 was dependent on the activation of NMDA receptors and required the presence of glia as well as new protein synthesis. Thus, the effect of gp120 was abolished by the NMDA receptor antagonist APV and partially reduced by cycloheximide. Only modest neurotoxicity was observed in pure neuronal cultures deprived of the glia feeder layer. Fura-2-based videoimaging showed that treatment with gp120 enhanced the ability of NMDA to increase neuronal [Ca2+]i. The impairment of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis was prevented completely by TGF-beta1. Therefore, it is likely that the neuroprotective action of the cytokine is attributable to its ability to stabilize neuronal [Ca2+]i.
The High Mobility Group A1 Gene: Transforming Inflammatory Signals into Cancer?

High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) is highly expressed during embryogenesis and in poorly differentiated cancers, and high levels portend a poor prognosis in some tumors. HMGA1 induces oncogenic transformation in cultured cells and causes aggressive cancers in transgenic mice, whereas blocking it interferes with transformation in experimental models. These findings suggest a pivotal role for HMGA1 in cancer. This review focuses on two recently described HMGA1 transcriptional targets that mediate inflammatory signals and drive malignant transformation because they could serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Further elucidation of HMGA1 function in transformation promises to have a major impact on our war on cancer.
3-axes MEMS Hall-effect sensor

A 3-axes Hall-effect sensor was fabricated using the PolyMUMPs process based on the MEMS design software, Coventorware. We document the fabrication of this MEMS device and report its preliminary performance based on comparisons to a laboratory Gauss meter.
Racial differences in the prevalence of antenatal depression.

Abstract Objective This study examined whether there were racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of antenatal depression based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnostic criteria in a community-based sample of pregnant women. Method Data were drawn from an ongoing registry of pregnant women receiving prenatal care at a university obstetric clinic from January 2004 through March 2010 ( N =1997). Logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic, psychiatric, behavioral and clinical characteristics were used to examine racial/ethnic differences in antenatal depression as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire. Results Overall, 5.1% of the sample reported antenatal depression. Blacks and Asian/Pacific Islanders were at increased risk for antenatal depression compared to non-Hispanic White women. This increased risk of antenatal depression among Blacks and Asian/Pacific Islanders remained after adjustment for a variety of risk factors. Conclusion Results suggest the importance of race/ethnicity as a risk factor for antenatal depression. Prevention and treatment strategies geared toward the mental health needs of Black and Asian/Pacific Islander women are needed to reduce the racial/ethnic disparities in antenatal depression.
Effects of Pharmacologic Agents

The study of psychoactive drugs offers one of the more interesting applications of evoked-response methods to psychiatry. Evoked-potential changes that accompany behavioral effects of drugs could provide clues concerning neural mechanisms that mediate both drug action and the associated behavior. However, to establish the relevant relationships, important methodological difficulties must be resolved (Shagass, 1968c). The drug effects that are psychiatrically interesting are those involved in reversal 6f psychopathology (e.g., the antipsychotic effect of phenothiazines). The electrophysiological correlates of such specific therapeutic effects must be distinguished from those accompanying other behavioral changes, such as drowsiness. They must also be separated from electrical effects that may be regarded as “tissue responses” without known behavioral correlates. Examples of “tissue responses” would be the EEG fast waves produced by barbiturates (Brazier and Finesinger, 1945) and probably the increased negativity of the somatosensory peak at about 35 msec (described below).
Valuing the Future: Intergenerational Discounting, Its Problems, and a Modest Proposal

This article examine how intergenerational investment projects, such as, investments related to global warming, natural resources, energy, etc., should be undertaken. In particular, it examines two popular prescriptions: 1) In making intergenerational investments, policymakers should use a zero discount rate. 2) In making intergenerational investments, policymakers should use the market rate. The article shows that neither of these prescriptions are correct. Indeed, the article suggests that using present-value discounting at all is extremely problematic. Instead, the best we can probably do is to is to adopt a simple algorithm: set certain minimal goals for future generations: clean air, potable water, sufficient energy supplies, a nontoxic environment, etc., and then analyze the most cost-effective way of achieving those goals.
Some Methods of Constructing Substitution Groups

(1900). Some Methods of Constructing Substitution Groups. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 7, No. 12, pp. 277-281.
Evidence-based assessment and autism spectrum disorders: A scoping review

AbstractAssessment of language and communication in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a critical element in developing appropriate and effective interventions and supports. While there is a large literature on diagnosis of autism, the information available to guide clinical practice for communication and language specifically is sparser. In this scoping review, we sought to identify research articles and critical reviews dealing with communication assessment for individuals with autism. The first and second author each conducted an independent search of relevant scholarly databases to identify articles published between 1995 and 2013. Differences were resolved via discussion; 54 relevant articles were identified using the search terms: autism + language + assessment; autism + speech + assessment; and autism + communication + assessment. While guidelines for best practice are premature, especially given the diversity of developmental and cognitive profiles in ASD, emerging consensus was seen in the follow...
Electromechanical Transient-Electromagnetic Transient Hybrid Simulation of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

To analyze the dynamic response of double-fed induction generator(DFIG) in-depth, based on the operation principle of DFIG an electromagnetic transient model of DFIG is built and the electromagnetic transient-electromechanical transient hybrid simulation of DFIG is performed. The hybrid simulation of DFIG is implemented by the self-developed large-scale power system analysis software package based hybrid simulation platform named Power System DepartmentPower System Model(PSD-PSModel), and the frame of the basic model of DFIG is established. The wind farm is equivalently simulated by single machine, and IEEE 14-bus test system is utilized for the detailed simulation to analyze the dynamic behavior of the system, the control strategy and dynamic response. The achievement can contribute to facilitate the cooperation with wind power generator manufactures to built detailed electromagnetic transient model of actual DFIG to provide powerful technical support for the in-depth study on the impacts of wind power generation units on power grid stability.
Applying Series Capacitor to Restrain Power Transformer DC Biasing and the Caused Over-Voltage

Series capacitor has become an effective way of DC Bias governance.The theoretical and simulating analyses of the principles and the system caused over-voltage are made in this paper.Firstly,a simple analysis of the principle of DC Biasing is made; then an appropriate model is established with a typical substation in Yunnan Power Grid.The simulation analyses and actual measurement data comparisons verify the accuracy and effectivity of the proposed model.Then simulations of DC distribution in related substation are performed,followed by series different capacitor in the neutral point.It will provide a theoretical basis for the capacitor in series with the selection.Finally,the overvoltage,especially the neutral overvoltage is simulated and calculated in detail,the results of which show that the series capacitor method may affect the transformer neutral point over-voltage to a certain extent.Therefore,an appropriate capacitor selection need a serious consideration on the inhibitory effect of the neutral point of over-voltage and bias DC.
Analysis of a Mixture of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Chlorinated Pesticides in Human Serum by Column Fractionation and Dual-Column Capillary Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection

An analytical method is presented for precise identification and quantitation of 29 specific polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 15 chlorinated pesticides in human serum. Analyte surrogates PCB 30, PCB 204, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromo-biphenyl, perthane, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, and dichlorobenzophenone were added to each sample. The serum was extracted with an organic solvent and separated by adsorption chromatography into 3 elution fractions for high-resolution gas chromatographic analysis. Each fraction was analyzed by dual-column capillary chromatography followed by electron capture detection. Two capillary columns, DB-5 and DB-1701, with different polarities were used to increase selectivity for each analyte. Quantitation was performed by selecting 2 sets of calibration standard mixtures and 1,2-dichloronaphthalene as an internal standard. Mean recoveries ranged from 39 to 126% for selected analytes and from 31 to 88% for surrogates. Detection limits for specific congeners and pesticides are reported. Typical chromatographic profiles of calibration standard mixtures, as well as a human sample, are illustrated. Verification of each analyte is assessed, and results of analyses of selected human samples and quality control criteria used to ensure data validity also are presented.
Comparison of perinatal outcomes following fresh and frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer

Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of ovarian stimulation on endometrial receptivity by comparing singleton pregnancy and perinatal outcomes following fresh or frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers. Methods A retrospective cohort study enrolled patients undergoing fresh or frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers that resulted in live deliveries between January 1, 2010 and September 30, 2013 at a single academic center. Implantation, clinical pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, and live delivery rates were calculated. The incidence of term delivery, preterm delivery, low birth weight, term low birth weight, and very low birth weight were also recorded. To detect a 10% difference in the implantation rate, a minimum sample size of at least 415 transfer cycles in each group was estimated. Results The study included data from 918 fresh and 1273 frozen-thawed cycles. Patients in both groups were of similar age and there was no difference in the grading of blastocysts. No differences were observed in the implantation (37.3% vs 37.7%), clinical pregnancy (50.2% vs 49.4%), spontaneous abortion (7.3% vs 9.3%), and live delivery (42.9% vs 40.6%) rates of the two groups. A sub-analysis of all live singleton and twin deliveries revealed no difference in perinatal outcomes between the two techniques. Conclusions The present study demonstrated equivalent singleton pregnancy and perinatal outcomes when comparing frozen-thawed and fresh blastocyst transfer procedures.
Isolation of a chloride channel-enriched membrane fraction from tracheal and renal epithelia.

A membrane fraction, enriched in Cl- channels, has been isolated from bovine tracheal epithelia and renal cortex homogenates by hydrophobic chromatography. The fraction (MPS) shows a 37-fold enrichment of Cl- channels over crude tracheal homogenates by net Cl- flux measurements. Alkaline phosphatase and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase are not found in these membranes, suggesting that they are not apical or basolateral plasma membranes. Marker enzyme analysis for major subcellular membranes also proved negative. The MPS fraction exhibits a protein profile unlike that of other membrane fractions, with major proteins of 200 and 42 kDa, proteins of 30-35 kDa, and lesser amounts of other proteins. Reconstitution of MPS fractions from both trachea and kidney into planar lipid bilayers demonstrates the presence of a single type of anion channel. The current-voltage relationship of this channel is identical to that of the predominant anion channel observed in tracheal apical membranes under similar conditions (H. H. Valdivia, W. P. Dubinsky, and R. Coronado. Science Wash. DC 242: 1441-1444, 1988). In addition, the voltage dependence, selectivity sequence of Cl- > Br- > or = I-, and inhibition by low concentrations of 4,49-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,29-disulfonic acid correspond to those of the predominant apical membrane channel. Thus, although the MPS appear to be of subcellular origin, they may be functionally related to an apical membrane Cl- permeability.
The Liver in Systemic Disease and Pregnancy

Abstract The liver is a major organ involved in infectious diseases, including hepatotropic and opportunistic viral, parasite and bacterial infections. The hepatic reaction to these infections varies from the classical ‘acute hepatitis’ features associated with hepatitis A–E, to granulomas (e.g. tuberculosis, Schistosomiasis, brucellosis) to fibrin-ring granulomas (hepatitis A virus, other causes). In sepsis, bacterial endotoxin inhibition of bile canalicular bile-salt export pump function is one cause of cholestasis. In adults, the distinct ‘cholangitis lenta’ pattern of bile ductular cholestasis should be noted.
Abstract 2020: Structure-function analysis of twist1-e2a transcriptional activity in kras-driven non-small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and in the world. Although a large fraction of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are dependent on defined oncogenic driver mutations, little progress has been made in the treatment of patients with the most common driver mutation, mutant KRAS. We previously demonstrated that inhibition of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, TWIST1, in KRAS mutant, EGFR mutant, and MET amplified/mutant NSCLC can induce either oncogene induced senescence or apoptosis. However, the key functions of TWIST1 that are required for its transcriptional activity in cancer are unknown. In the current study, we engineered domain-specific mutations in TWIST1 to determine the impact of altered DNA binding, dimerization and post-translational modifications on its transcriptional activity by luciferase reporter assays. Testing the promoter activity at three TWIST1-regulated loci involved in tumorigenesis, YBX1, SNAI2, and FLIP, we found that DNA binding and nuclear localization were uniformly required for TWIST1 transcriptional function. However, phosphorylation, TWIST1 box function, and ability to form homo- versus hetero- dimers impacted TWIST1 activity in a locus-specific manner. Previous studies have demonstrated that TWIST1 dimerizes with the E2A proteins, E12 and E47. We have shown that silencing of E2A phenocopies loss of TWIST1 in NSCLC and that formation of the TWIST1-E2A heterodimer results in a reciprocal stabilization of the binding partner. Therefore, we sought to determine how differential dimerization by TWIST1 might modulate tumorigenic gene expression. We utilized tethered TWIST1 dimers with either TWIST1 or the E2A proteins to form TWIST1-TWIST1 (homodimer), TWIST1-E12 or -E47 (heterodimers), and tested their transcriptional activities at several TWIST1-regulated promoters. We found that TWIST1-E2A heterodimers could enhance TWIST1 transcriptional activity compared to that of the TWIST-TWIST homodimer. In addition, we determined that the TWIST-E2A heterodimer is degraded by harmine, a harmala alkaloid that we have shown degrades TWIST1, whereas the TWIST-TWIST homodimer is resistant to harmine degradation. This suggests that the TWIST1-E2A heterodimer is the key target of harmine. Furthermore, we have found that overexpression of the TWIST1, E2A proteins, or the TWIST1-E2A heterodimer is able to partially rescue harmine induced cytotoxicity in KRAS mutant NSCLC. Taken together, these data suggest that E2A is essential for TWIST1 mediated tumorigenesis and that targeting of the TWIST1-E2A axis may be an effective therapeutic strategy against oncogene-driven NSCLC. Citation Format: Susheel K. Khetarpal. Structure-function analysis of twist1-e2a transcriptional activity in kras-driven non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2020.
Steady state and pulsed bias stress induced degradation in amorphous silicon thin film transistors for active-matrix liquid crystal displays

The threshold voltage instabilities in nitride/oxide dual gate dielectric hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistors are investigated as a function of stress time, stress temperature and stress bias. The obtained results are explained with a multiple trapping model, rather than weak bond breaking model. In our model, the injected carriers from the a-Si:H channel first thermalize in a broad distribution of localized band-tail states located at the a-Si:H/a-SiN/sub x/:H interface and in the a-SiN/sub x/:H transitional layer close to the interface, then move to deeper energies in amorphous silicon nitride at longer stress times, larger stress electric fields, or higher stress temperatures. The results of the model are consistent with the bias-stress-temperature data. Steady state (DC) as well as pulsed bias stress measurements have been employed to electrically characterize the instabilities in a-Si:H TFTs. >
Voltage regulation of unbalanced distribution network with distributed generators

Distribution networks are not perfectly balanced all time due to the nature of dynamic loads in the system. Photovoltaic (PV) systems started to be integrated into these distribution networks as distributed generators (DG) through inverters. In addition, wind turbines also started to be integrated but not as distributed as PVs. Both DGs have a fluctuating power outputs due to the intermittent resources that can affect the voltage profile of the system and can also increase the OLTC operation which has limitation on precise voltage regulations as well as on response time to the voltage changes. Inverters can reduce these effects and regulate the voltage by injecting reactive power. This paper presents a study on the distributed PV voltage control of an unbalanced distribution network that includes OLTC and wind turbine generation at the substation. Single phase PV and OLTC voltage control is proposed. In addition, the wind turbine impact on distribution network is investigated. IEEE 13 bus distribution network is simulated in Matlab Simulink and feeder bus voltages are monitored when OLTC, PV, and wind turbine provide voltage regulation. Results show that voltage profile of point of common coupling stays within the limits with the help of PV single phase voltage regulation. The OLTC operation depends on the PV voltage control and injected power amount. Results also show that the OLTC operation is reduced with the PV voltage control and wind turbine has impact on the voltage profile.
The Sesquiterpene Lactone Parthenolide Induces Apoptosis and Overcomes the Protective Effect of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Human Multiple Myeloma Cells.

Abstract Parthenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone, a new class of antitumor agents which target nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB). Although the activation of NFkB has been implicated in the growth and drug resistance of multiple myeloma (MM) cells, the efficacy of parthenolide in MM is unknown. Here we show that parthenolide inhibits the NFkB DNA binding in MM cells in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Parthenolide inhibits the proliferation of MM cell lines, as well as tumor cells from chemotherapy-resistant MM patients; however, at the effective doses it is not toxic to peripheral blood mononuclear cells or bone marrow stromal cells. Neither exogenous interleukin-6 (IL-6) nor insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) overcome the parthenolide-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, parthenolide inhibits the proliferation of MM cells adherent to bone marrow stromal cells. Parthenolide has a minimal effect on cell cycle progression but strongly induces apoptosis. Parthenolide activates caspases 8 and 3 more strongly than caspase 9, resulting in the cleavage of poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) and XIAP. Z-VAD-FMK partially blunts the PARP cleavage but does not protect MM cells against apoptosis. Parthenolide induces p21 accumulation, while the levels of Bax, IAP2, cyclin D, Bcl-X and p53 or the phosphorylation status of JNK, AKT and ERK are unaffected. In addition, parthenolide augments dexamethasone-induced cytotoxicity. Our study therefore provides the rationale for the future clinical development of parthenolide, or its combination with dexamethasone, in MM therapy.
A New Species of Eupleura (Gastropoda:muricidae) From the Gatun Formation, Panama

In the process of determining the identity of the species cited by Olsson (1964, p. 139) as "Eupleura thompsoni Woodring subspecies," from the Angostura Formation of northwestern Ecuador, it became obvious that there are two species of Eupleura in the Gatun beds of Panama. One of these is the species named Eupleura thompsoni Woodring, 1959, and compared by him to the living E. muriciformis (Broderip, 1833). However, the similarity is much greater to the more spinose and long-canaled E. pectinata (Hinds 1844), which is found on the west coast of tropical America, from Mexico to Panama.
Bacterial transcriptome remodeling during sequential co-culture with a marine dinoflagellate and diatom

In their role as primary producers, marine phytoplankton modulate heterotrophic bacterial activities through differences in the types and amounts of organic matter they release. This study investigates the transcriptional response of bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi, a member of the Roseobacter clade known to affiliate with diverse phytoplankton groups in the ocean, during a shift in phytoplankton taxonomy. The bacterium was initially introduced into a culture of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense, and then experienced a change in phytoplankton community composition as the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana gradually outcompeted the dinoflagellate. Samples were taken throughout the 30-day experiment to track shifts in bacterial gene expression informative of metabolic and ecological interactions. Transcriptome data indicate fundamental differences in the exometabolites released by the two phytoplankton. During growth with the dinoflagellate, gene expression patterns indicated that the main sources of carbon and energy for R. pomeroyi were dimethysulfoniopropionate (DMSP), taurine, methylated amines, and polyamines. During growth with the diatom, dihydroxypropanesulfonate (DHPS), xylose, ectoine, and glycolate instead appeared to fuel the bulk of bacterial metabolism. Expression patterns of genes for quorum sensing, gene transfer agent, and motility suggest that bacterial processes related to cell communication and signaling differed depending on which phytoplankton species dominated the co-culture. A remodeling of the R. pomeroyi transcriptome implicating more than a quarter of the genome occurred through the change in phytoplankton regime.
Health Marketing in a Hospital Setting

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of research indicating that the main health problems in the United States today are chronic diseases of regulation, such as coronary heart disease and hypertension, which may be prevented or improved through behavioral treatment of risk factors (e.g., smoking treatment). Partly in response to this growing body of epidemiological and treatment research (Levy & Moskowitz, 1982; Matarazzo & Carmody, 1982; Pomerleau & Brady, 1979) a greater number of medical centers are now acknowledging the need for behavioral medicine services within the confines of the hospital.
The structure of turbulent flow around vertical plates containing holes and attached to a channel bed

High-resolution, 3-D large eddy simulations are conducted to study the physics of flow past 2-D solid and porous vertical plates of height H mounted on a horizontal surface (no bottom gap) with a fully developed, turbulent incoming flow. The porous plate consists of an array of spanwise-oriented, identical solid cylinders of rectangular cross section. The height of the solid cylinders and the spacing between the solid cylinders, corresponding to the plate’s “holes,” are kept constant for any given configuration, as the present study considers only plates of uniform porosity. The paper discusses how the mean flow and turbulence structure around the vertical plate, the unsteady forces acting on the plate, the dynamics of the large-scale turbulent eddies, the spectral content of the wake, and the distribution of the bed friction velocity on the horizontal channel bed vary as a function of the plate porosity (0% < P < 36%), the relative spacing between the solid elements of the porous plate (d/H), and the rou...
11 – SOIL FERTILITY AND FORAGE PRODUCTION

Soil fertility refers to the power or ability of soil to supply nutrients required for optimum growth of crops. Soil fertility is determined by parent material, climate, particularly temperature and precipitation, living organisms (native vegetation, microbes, soil animals, human beings), and duration of time the parent materials are subjected to soil formation. Soil productivity refers to the ability of the soil to sustain and produce a crop; low productivity equals a poor crop or low yield and high productivity means a good crop or high yield. To maintain a high-producing forage stand, nutrient removing power of the crop, especially P and K for legumes and N, P, and K for grasses, must be considered. Remedial actions must replace nutrients removed, especially on soils with low nutrient supplying power. Knowledge of the amount of a nutrient available to plants in a soil is important. A quantitative estimate may be obtained through accepted soil sampling and laboratory procedures. These measures must be correlated with yield response in a given area to be reliable. The technique and protocol followed in taking the soil sample from the field is as important as the chemical analyses performed in the laboratory. Improper soil sampling techniques will invalidate laboratory results.
Azotobacter vinelandii: the source of 100 years of discoveries and many more to come.

Azotobacter vinelandii has been studied for over 100 years since its discovery as an aerobic nitrogen-fixing organism. This species has proved useful for the study of many different biological systems, including enzyme kinetics and the genetic code. It has been especially useful in working out the structures and mechanisms of different nitrogenase enzymes, how they can function in oxic environments and the interactions of nitrogen fixation with other aspects of metabolism. Interest in studying A. vinelandii has waned in recent decades, but this bacterium still possesses great potential for new discoveries in many fields and commercial applications. The species is of interest for research because of its genetic pliability and natural competence. Its features of particular interest to industry are its ability to produce multiple valuable polymers – bioplastic and alginate in particular; its nitrogen-fixing prowess, which could reduce the need for synthetic fertilizer in agriculture and industrial fermentations, via coculture; its production of potentially useful enzymes and metabolic pathways; and even its biofuel production abilities. This review summarizes the history and potential for future research using this versatile microbe.
An order reduction method for single-walled carbon nanotubes with multi-vacancy defects

Abstract Presented here is a novel method of reducing the computational cost of analyzing the vibrational properties of a single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) containing multi-vacancy defects (MVDs), while maintaining a high degree of accuracy. This reduced-order model method is described as modal domain reduction (MDR). In the MDR method, a linearized model of a perturbed CNT is first transformed into modal coordinates derived from the pristine system, taking into account the differences in the numbers of degrees of freedom for the pristine CNT and the CNT with MVDs. Next, the system is divided into primary modes, on the basis of the frequency range of interest, and remaining or secondary modes. The impact of secondary modes on primary modes is captured by the dynamic condensation method. The accuracy of MDR is demonstrated on linearized models of nanotubes of differing diameter and chirality and with different sized MVDs. The natural frequencies and normal modes of these reduced-order models are calculated and compared to the results for the full-order systems.
Screening for Colon Polyps and Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) carries a significant health burden, accounting for 610,000 deaths worldwide in 2008. CRC is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Colon screening is arguably the greatest cancer prevention success story of the last 25 years contributing substantially to over a 40 % reduction in CRC mortality in the USA since 1975. Screening rates in the USA currently exceed 60 % and are steadily rising. Randomized screening trials have demonstrated a 33 % reduction in CRC mortality with the use of annual fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and a 27–31 % reduction in CRC mortality with flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS). Despite this robust evidence for FOBT and FS, colonoscopy use has been on the rise in the USA and has emerged as the preferred colon screening modality. Colonoscopy has a conceptual advantage as it is the only single-step test that allows visualization of the entire colon and removal of polyps simultaneously. Retrospective data suggests that colonoscopy may not be as protective of colon cancer in the proximal colon; however, prospective data on the impact of colonoscopy screening on incidence and mortality is not yet available. Computerized tomography colonography (CTC) and fecal DNA testing are newer technologies that have a great deal of potential as screening modalities as technology advances. Although colon screening can be expensive depending on the test used, any type of screening appears to be cost-effective when taking into account the rising costs of CRC treatment.
Time-Resolved Photoluminescence of GaAs/Al x Ga 1−x As Quantum Well Structures Grown by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

Until this work [1], time-resolved photoluminescence from metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)-grown GaAs/Al x Ga1−xAs quantum wells has not been extensively studied. We have observed time-resolved and time-integrated photoluminescence of MOCVD quantum well structures from 17K to room temperature over a wide range of excitation densities. These structures were grown in a reactor which routinely produces high quality laser material.
Functions of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor in the Gastrointestinal System

Rather than start at the oral cavity and work downwards along the entire gatrointestinal tract, consider the following: increases in extracellular calcium (Ca2+ o) have been shown to increase serum levels of immunoreactive gastrin (1), to stimulate gastric acid secretion in vivo (2), to modulate bile secretion (3,4) and to diminish rates of proliferation in colonocytes (5,6). This review will focus on the emerging body of work implicating the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) as being responsible for these functions. I shall also discuss experiments implicating the CaR in exocrine pancreatic function, in modulating the activity of volume-sensitive Cl2212; currents, regulating the secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein and activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. These latter functions are important for small intestinal differentiation. In the spirit of a review, I will also note where the CaR has not yet been reported in the mammalian gastrointestinal system, but, if present, may have functional implications. Let us agree at the outset that unequivocal evidence for the modulation of gastrointestinal function by the CaR requires the use of rescued CaR knockout mice or studies of cells expressing dominant-negative CaR constructs. Without these controls, arguments about CaR function become akin to asserting that wind is caused by trees waving their branches (7).
International Students’ Experiences with Campus Climate at Large, Public Research Universities

Soria and Brazelton utilize Student Experience in the Research University (SERU) survey data to examine whether international students have a different perception of campus climate compared to domestic students. The authors explore whether those differences in students’ perception of campus climate held controlling for additional demographic and collegiate variables and discovered that international students enrolled at large, public research universities perceived a less welcoming campus climate for diversity.
A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature authored by medical professionals regarding US biomedicine's role in responding to climate change.

Abstract Extant literature illustrates a substantive impact on human health because of climate change. Despite this, discussions of the ethical and policymaking role of US health care's response to this problem are underdeveloped within peer-reviewed literature indexed in core medical databases. We conducted a systematic literature review in August 2017 at Vanderbilt University Medical Center of the following medical, business and policy databases to examine the state of inquiry on this topic: PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, JAMA Network, Health Affairs, Business Source Complete, Greylit.org , LexisNexis Academic, Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global. An initial sample of n = 4434 rendered n = 75 articles precisely addressing this question following a two-tiered systematic examination of content. US medical professionals were most concerned by the health impacts of air pollution and respiratory complications, extreme weather events, and rising infectious/vector-borne diseases. They were least concerned by rising rates of migration and stresses to sanitation systems. Medical professionals took a broadly proactive stance to the issue, highlighting the need to implement education and advocacy strategies. Politics was the least pertinent motivation for climate change-related recommendations. Furthermore, partnerships between health care and public agencies were identified as holding the greatest potential for meaningful change. Mitigation approaches were slightly more common than adaptation approaches. We conclude that, while the enthusiasm of the medical community is commendable, efforts to address climate change in US health care are overly fractured, and lack the necessary expertise for efficaciousness.
Molecular basis of calmodulin-dependent calcineurin activation

Calcineurin (CaN) is a calcium-dependent phosphatase involved in numerous signaling pathways. Its activation by Ca2+ is in part driven by binding of calmodulin (CaM) to a CaM-recognition motif within the phosphatase9s regulatory domain (RD); however, secondary interactions between CaM and the CaN regulatory domain may be necessary to fully activate CaN (Biochemistry 52.(2013), 8643-8651). Specifically, it has been shown that the CaN regulatory domain folds upon CaM binding and that there is a region C-terminal to the canonical CaM-binding region, the 9distal helix9, that assumes an alpha helix fold and contributes to activation (Biochemistry 52.(2013), 8643-8651). We hypothesized in Dunlap et al (Biochemistry 52.(2013), 8643-8651) that this putative alpha helical distal helix is capable of binding CaM in a region distinct from the canonical CaM binding region (CaMBR) site, whereby CaN is activated. To test this hypothesis, we utilized molecular simulations including replica-exchange molecular dynamics, protein-protein docking and computational mutagenesis to model distal helix conformations. From these simulations we have isolated a potential binding site on CaM (site D) that facilitates moderate affinity inter-protein interactions that may attenuate CaN auto-inhibition. Further, molecular simulations of the distal helix A454E mutation demonstrated weakened distal helix/CaM interactions that were previously shown to impair CaN activity. K30E and G40D mutations of CaM at site D presented similar decreases in binding affinity predicted by simulations. The prediction was correlated with a phosphatase assay in which these two mutants show reduced CaN activity. This study therefore provides a potential structural basis for the role of secondary CaM/CaN interactions in mediating CaN activation.
Ethnic socialization, identity, and values associated with U.S. Latino/a young adults' prosocial behaviors.

OBJECTIVES Given the increasing saliency of Latino/a young adults in the United States, there is a need to consider developmental theories that may better capture the cultural mechanisms by which individuals from this specific ethnic group are socialized to engage in prosocial behaviors. The inclusion of cultural processes (including identity and values) might be particularly important in models that investigate family socialization processes and prosocial behaviors, because scholars have suggested that cultural values may be transmitted via parental practices and beliefs, including ethnic socialization practices. METHOD Participants included 381 U.S. Latino/a young adults (54.2% female; Mage = 21.99). Young adults completed measures of family ethnic socialization, ethnic identity, and endorsement of familism and respect values. They also completed a multidimensional measure of prosocial behavior, assessing different types and targets of helping. RESULTS Structural equation modeling was conducted, and there was support for the importance of ethnic identity and cultural values as mechanisms through which ethnic socialization is associated with prosocial behaviors. Gender moderated these relations, such that family respect played a relatively more prominent mediating role for men, whereas familism played a mediating role for both men and women. CONCLUSIONS The findings emphasize the central role of familial ethnic socialization and cultural processes in fostering prosocial behaviors among U.S. Latino/as but reveal specific patterns of relations based on gender and on target of helping. These findings highlight the need for more research on gender-based and relation-based patterns of prosocial behaviors in U.S. Latinos/a young adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).