cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy aware routing protocol (EARP) for ad-hoc wireless sensor networks

Wireless ad-hoc sensor networks differ from wireless ad-hoc networks from the following perspectives: greater energy constraint, light weight routing protocols, and flexible communication patterns. This paper proposes an energy aware routing protocol (EARP) and presents an analysis for energy consumption in various phases of route discovery and maintenance. Based on the energy consumption associated with route request processing, EARP advocates the minimization of route requests by allocating dynamic route expiry times. This paper introduces a unique mechanism for estimation of route expiry time based on probability of route validity (P/sub route-valid/), which is a function of time, number of hops and mobility parameters. In contrast to AODV, EARP reduces the repeated flooding of route requests by maintaining valid routes for durations longer than ten seconds as fixed by AODV.
t10c12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Suppresses HER2 Protein and Enhances Apoptosis in SKBr3 Breast Cancer Cells: Possible Role of COX2

Background: HER2-targeted therapy with the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (HerceptinH) has improved disease-free survival for women diagnosed with HER2-positive breast cancers; however, treatment resistance and disease progression are not uncommon. Current data suggest that resistance to treatment in HER2 cancers may be a consequence of NF-kB overexpression and increased COX2-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to have anti-tumor properties and to inhibit NF-kB activity and COX2. Methods: In this study, HER2-overexpressing SKBr3 breast cancer cells were treated with t10c12 CLA. Protein expression of the HER2 receptor, nuclear NF-kB p65, and total and phosphorylated IkB were examined by western blot and immunofluorescence. PGE2 levels were determined by ELISA. Proliferation was measured by metabolism of 3-(4, 5Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and apoptosis was measured by FITC-conjugated Annexin V staining and flow cytometry. Results/Conclusions: We observed a significant decrease in HER2 protein expression on western blot following treatment with 40 and 80 mM t10c12 CLA (p,0.01 and 0.001, respectively) and loss of HER2 protein in cells using immunoflourescence that was most pronounced at 80 mM. Protein levels of nuclear NF-kB p65 were also significantly reduced at the 80 mM dose. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in PGE2 levels (p=0.05). Pretreatment with t10c12 CLA significantly enhanced TNFa-induced apoptosis and the anti-proliferative action of trastuzumab (p=0.05 and 0.001, respectively). These data add to previous reports of an anti-tumor effect of t10c12 CLA and suggest an effect on the HER2 oncogene that may be through CLA mediated downregulation of COX2-derived PGE2.
APPROACH TO GENERALIZED WEAKNESS AND PERIPHERAL NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE

The spectrum of diseases that can affect a patient's strength is extraordinarily broad, encompassing both organic disease and psychiatric illness. Often the cause is multifactorial. The challenge of the patient presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a complaint of weakness is to develop an adequate database to allow differentiation of the acute organic entities from chronic disease and functional states. Recognition of the potentially life-threatening diseases is critical, whereas the more stable problems may be referred to the appropriate primary care provider. Diagnosing the cause of weakness may be quite difficult, especially early in the disease's presentation. The emergency physician must often make key diagnostic and management decisions with a limited database. This article deals primarily with the patient presenting to the ED with generalized or symmetric weakness that is unrelated to cerebrovascular disease or to central nervous system (CNS) disorders including trauma. It will present a systematic approach to the process of compiling the necessary database for decision-making while simultaneously initiating treatment during key decision points in the evaluative process.
In vitro and in situ inhibition of the sodium channel blocker saxitoxin by monoclonal antibodies.

The sodium channel blocker saxitoxin (STX) was conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and used to immunize BALB/c mice. Anti‐STX antibodies were detected in serum by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) within a week or two after the first immunization. Spleens from immunized mice were fused with NS‐1 myeloma cells and approximately 7000 resultant hybrids were screened by ELISA for reactivity to STX. Two stable hybrids were isolated, subcloned, and characterized. These hybrids, termed S1A5 and S3E.2, secreted specific anti‐STX antibodies that did not recognize the closely related toxin tetrodotoxin (TDT), as determined by competition ELISA. The S1A5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was of the lgMk class and S3E.2 of the IgG‐1k subclass with affinity constants (Ka values) of approximately 106 M−1. The protective ability of these antibodies was tested by a competitive displacement assay for [3H]STX binding on rat brain membranes. Purified S3E.2 strongly displaced [3H]STX binding, whereas S1A5 weakly...
Probing the solution structure of the DNA‐binding protein Max by a combination of proteolysis and mass spectrometry

A simple biochemical method that combines enzymatic proteolysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry was developed to probe the solution structure of DNA-binding proteins. The method is based on inferring structural information from determinations of protection against enzymatic proteolysis, as governed by solvent accessibility and protein flexibility. This approach was applied to the study of the transcription factor Max--a member of the basic/helix-loop-helix/zipper family of DNA-binding proteins. In the absence of DNA and at low ionic strengths, Max is rapidly digested by each of six endoproteases selected for the study, results consistent with an open and flexible structure of the protein. At physiological salt levels, the rates of digestion are moderately slowed; this and the patterns of cleavage are consistent with homodimerization of the protein through a predominantly hydrophobic interface. In the presence of Max-specific DNA, the protein becomes dramatically protected against proteolysis, exhibiting up to a 100-fold reduction in cleavage rates. Over a 2-day period, both complete and partial proteolysis of the Max-DNA complex is observed. The partial proteolytic fragmentation patterns reflect a very high degree of protection in the N-terminal and helix-loop-helix regions of the protein, correlating with those expected of a stable dimer bound to DNA at its basic N-terminals. Less protection is seen at the C-terminal where a slow, sequential proteolytic cleavage occurs, correlating to the presence of a leucine zipper. The results also indicate a high affinity of Max for its target DNA that remains high even when the leucine zipper is proteolytically removed. In addition to the study of the helix-loop-helix protein Max, the present method appears well suited for a range of other structural biological applications.
Life Cycles of Allocapnia recta and Leuctra spp. (Plecoptera: Capniidae and Leuctridae) Across a Flow Gradient in a Central Kentucky Karst Headwater Stream

Four species of stoneflies (Plecoptera) from an intermittent stream- perennial spring continuum were the subject of comparative life-cycle analyses. Allocapnia recta was common in each reach and exhibited univoltine-fast life cycles and determinate voltinism. Leuctra alta from the intermittent reach and a L. alta-L. sibleyi mix from the perennial reach each displayed an univoltine-fast cycle, imply- ing that L. alta demonstrated determinate voltinism. Leuctra cf. tenuis was absent from the intermittent reach, and its growth followed a univoltine-slow cycle in the perennial reach.
Games in Recursion Theory and Continuity Properties of Capping Degrees

It is shown here that there are no maximal minimal pairs of recursively enumerable (r.e.) degrees. Combining this with a dual theorem by Ambos-Spies, Lachlan and Soare for r.e. degrees cupping to 0′ it follows that any open formula F(x, y) of two free variables in the language of the r.e. degrees, R, which holds for r.e. degrees a ≠ b, where a, b ≠ 0,0’, holds continuously in a neighborhood about a and b. This is the best possible continuity result for formulas in general, because it fails for open formulas of three or more variables and also for formulas with quantifiers.
DESIGN OF A GROUND-BASED REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM USING RADIO WAVELENGTHS TO PROFILE LOWER ATMOSPHERIC WINDS, TEMPERATURE, AND HUMIDITY

An essential requirement of a regional (mesoscale) observing and forecasting service is continuous monitoring of temperature, moisture, and winds. To meet these needs, the Wave Propagation Laboratory, NOAA, is constructing a six-channel microwave radiometer (two moisture channels and four temperature channels) and a UHF radar for wind profiling. The radar also aids in the retrieval of temperature profiles by measuring the altitude of significant features of the profile; e.g., the base of and elevated inversion, the height of a nocturnal inversion, or the height of the tropopause. Moisture, wind and temperature sounding capabilities are analyzed and results are presented of field experiments and of computer simulations. Retrieval algorithms to incorporate active and passive measurements are presented. Finally, improvement in profile retrieval using combined ground-based and satellite soundings is discussed .
Magnetic and Electrostatic Analyzers before 1960

Abstract Mass spectrometry was created through investigation of the deflection of kanalstahlen in magnetic and electrostatic fields. Early work by Wien, Thomson, Dempster, and Aston led to extensive studies of isotopes and to better instruments. New ionization sources and double-focusing designs increased the range of substances that could analyze and the precision and sensitivity of the analyzers. Significant advances were made before World War II in Austria, Germany, Japan, and the United States. The World War II years brought the advent of commercial manufacture and business purchase of mass spectrometers as well as the development of new instrument designs, particularly by Nier. These opened the way to the growth, starting in the 1950s, of much more widespread commercial and research applications.
Divisible multiplicative groups of fields

Abstract Some time ago, Laszlo Fuchs asked the following question: which abelian groups can be realized as the multiplicative group of (nonzero elements of) a field? The purpose of this note is to answer his query within the class of divisible abelian groups.
Thinking Locally: Attending to Social Context in Studies of Marketing and Public Education.

A generation ago, billboards, flyers, or radio spots advertising a public school would have been unusual and surprising. Now they are an increasingly regular feature of the educational landscape. A...
Seasonal Changes in Preschoolersâ€™ Sedentary Time and Physical Activity at Childcare

Background : This investigation evaluated seasonal changes in preschoolersâ€™ (3-5 years) sedentary time and physical activity (PA) during childcare. Methods : Sixty-two children from 4 preschools in Fargo, North Dakota had their sedentary behavior and PA objectively assessed during 2 separate weeks of childcare. Children wore accelerometers for 5 consecutive days, once each in the fall (October/November) and winter (January/February). Separate analyses were conducted to evaluate seasonal changes in full-day, indoor only, and outdoor only sedentary time and PA during childcare. Results : When expressed relative to accelerometer wear time, the full-day rate of sedentary time accumulation (minutes/hour) increased significantly from fall to winter ( p < 0.001), while accumulation rates for all other PA variables (light PA, moderate PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, and activity counts) significantly declined during this period (all p â€™s < 0.001). No significant changes in accumulation rates for sedentary time or PA (light PA, moderate PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, and activity counts) were noted for either indoor or outdoor time between seasons. Conclusions : Childcare-related sedentary time and PA can dramatically vary across seasons.
Minimizing Antimicrobial Resistance: The Key Role of the Infectious Diseases Physician

threat to the viability of current health care systems [1, 2]. This impact comes in part from the increasing prevalence of bacteria resistant to multiple anti-infective agents (i.e., multidrug-resistant organisms) that infect patients in acute care hospitals [3]. A few bacterial organisms associated with infections in the health care setting now are completely resistant to all commonly used antimicrobial agents [4, 5]. Other multidrug-resistant organisms that were previously common only in acute care hospitals recently have been recovered in extended care facilities, ambulatory surgical units, and home health care and other health care settings [6-10]. In addition, drug-resistant organisms arising in the community now appear and spread in health care settings as well [11, 12]. Bacterial drug resistance has many consequences [1]. These include increased mortality and morbidity among patients and a reduction in the number of useful drugs for future generations of patients
Assessment of blood pressure in patients with hypertension aged 60-79 years before and after the publication of the 2014 Eighth Joint National Committee report.

Objectives In late 2013, the Joint National Committee (JNC 8) published hypertension treatment recommendations endorsing a goal blood pressure (BP) of Methods This retrospective cohort study examined mean BP and number of antihypertensives for a period of 1 year before and after the release of the JNC 8 report. Patients aged 60-79 years with hypertension receiving care at a University of Colorado Hospital primary care clinic were included. Patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or kidney transplant were excluded. A total of 150 BP measurements were included in each of the before and after time frames. The primary outcomes were change in mean BP and number of antihypertensives. Results A total of 171 patients met the criteria and were included in the study. Most had BPs in both the before and after time frames. Mean BP values were similar in the before and after groups (130.2/75.9 mmHg versus 131.5/76.6, respectively; p = 0.27/p = 0.46). Mean number of antihypertensives were similar in the before and after groups (1.95 versus 1.93, respectively; p = 0.79). Conclusions Over 1 year at an academic health system, new recommendations from the JNC 8 did not affect mean BP or number of antihypertensives in older patients with hypertension. A similar investigation after more time or in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension may help determine the full impact.
Spectroscopic Raman Analysis of Tumor Micro- and Macroenvironments in Human Breast and Rat Mammary Cancer

The tumor microenvironment plays important roles in carcinogenesis. We report spectroscopic Raman analysis of fatty acids and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids in the wider tumor macroenvironment in both human breast and rat mammary cancer.
Seleção de fungos filamentosos produtores de amilases, proteases, celulases e pectinases

O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar fungos filamentosos, potencialmente capazes de produzir amilases,proteases, celulases e pectinases. A selecao de micro-organismos com atividade enzimatica foi realizada por plaqueamento dos isolados em meio solido com diferentes fontes de carbono e posterior medida dodiâmetro do halo de degradacao. Foram selecionados 180 isolados de fungos filamentosos, dos quais 12,2% produziram proteases, 17,2% amilases, 27,2% celulases e 32,7% pectinases. Desse total, 10,7% nao foram capazes de produzir as enzimas testadas. Dois isolados apresentaram atividade para todas as enzimas avaliadas, a qual, embora nao tenha sido elevada, pode indicar potencial para a aplicacao industrial desses isolados, visto que a utilizacao de uma unica cepa fungica seria suficiente para a degradacao de varios tipos desubstratos.
AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES : THE ROLE OF AUTOANTIBODY MARKERS IN THE PREDICTION AND PREVENTION OF INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS

In this article, we address four key issues concerning autoimmune (type 1) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM): 1) Although acute mortality from IDDM is rare, chronic complications shorten lifespan by one third; 2) IDDM results from chronic autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells, 3) Prediabetes can be recognized by the presence of various anti-islet autoantibodies, and 4) Once effective therapy is available to prevent IDDM, we expect that state-wide or nation-wide islet autoantibody screening programs will be developed.
The Evolution of Auditory Cortex in Humans

The brains of humans and monkeys show striking anatomical similarities, from the partitioning of their cerebral cortex into lobes to the functional specialization of particular cortical regions. The auditory cortical system, originating in the superior temporal cortex (STC), is organized into core and belt regions and into ventral and dorsal pathways in both species. A fundamental question with regard to the evolution of auditory cortex, which culminates in the evolution of speech, language, and music in humans, is whether human and monkey brains show principal differences in their organization (eg, new pathways or new areas appearing perhaps as the result of a genetic mutation), or whether species differences are largely of a quantitative nature. There is little doubt about a similar role of the ventral auditory pathway (anterolateral STC to ventral inferior frontal cortex) in both humans and monkeys in the decoding of spectrally complex sounds, which some authors have referred to as auditory object recognition. This function includes the decoding of vocalizations and speech sounds (“speech perception”) and their ultimate linking to meaning (“semantics”). The originally presumed role of the auditory dorsal pathway (posterior STC to inferior parietal cortex and onto premotor and dorsal prefrontal regions) in spatial processing, by analogy to the visual dorsal pathway, has recently been generalized into one of sensorimotor integration and control, which includes the processing of not only space and motion but also sequences in space and time. Thus it seems that at least the basic layout of auditory cortex in humans and nonhuman primates is quite similar, although some refinement in one or several of these structures and their connectivity seems likely.
A Digital Signal Processing-Assisted Microfluidic PCB for On-Chip Fluorescence Detection

We report the use of digital signal processing (DSP) strategies to realize high-sensitivity on-chip fluorescence detection in microfluidic-opto-electronic printed circuit board (PCB) devices without requiring bulky high-quality optical components and filters. An isotachophoresis (ITP) assay was studied in a microfluidic PCB with an embedded standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensor array demonstrating a detection sensitivity of 10-nm initial concentration for fluorescein. The amplified ITP signal is processed with the DSP algorithms allowing the fluorescence signal extracted from noisy sensor output to achieve high signal-to-noise ratio. The DSP-assisted fluorescence detection system utilizes off-the-shelf, consumer-grade electronics and lensless imaging to achieve high-level but also scalable integration on microfluidic PCBs.
IRF6 expression in basal epithelium partially rescues Irf6 knockout mice

Background Mutations in IRF6, CHUK (IKKA), and RIPK4 can lead to a disease spectrum that includes cutaneous, limb, and craniofacial malformations. Loss of these alleles in the mouse leads to perinatal lethality and severe cutaneous, limb, and craniofacial defects also. Genetic rescue in the mouse has been shown for Ikka and Ripk4. Results Here, we show partial genetic rescue of Irf6 knockout embryos using the KRT14 promoter to drive Irf6 expression in the basal epithelium. In contrast to Irf6 knockout embryos, rescue embryos survive the immediate perinatal period. Macroscopic examination reveals rescue of skin adhesions between the axial and appendicular skeleton. Unexpectedly, KRT14-driven Irf6 expression does not completely rescue orofacial clefting and adhesions between the palate and tongue, suggesting the importance of cell-autonomous IRF6 expression in periderm. Like knockout embryos, Irf6 rescue embryos also have persistent esophageal adhesions, which likely contribute to postnatal demise. Conclusions Together, these data suggest that targeted expression of IRF6 can significantly reduce disease severity, but that a minimum level of Irf6 in both periderm and basal epithelial cells is necessary for orofacial development. Therefore, homologous human and mouse phenotypes are observed for IRF6, IKKA, and RIPK4. In this work, we show that altering the expression level of IRF6 dramatically modified this phenotype in utero. Developmental Dynamics 246:670-681, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring Project Performance Inspired by Stock Index

Abstract A fundamental precept of management is that projects must be measured to be controllable. But existing approaches to capture project performance suffer from various problems – being proprietary, measuring time performance in dollar terms, reaching zero (work left) or one (work done) upon completion, and erasing any notion of progression. Therefore the concept for a unified, generalizable, and scalable performance metric is presented. It can function at levels from individual activities to entire industry sectors. Its inspiration is gleaned from modern portfolio theory, which has long been tracking and successfully comparing highly different companies. An analogy-based methodology will adapt and adopt the financial index beta and related concepts and test their functioning on a hypothetical schedule with known progress deviations. Such indicator has the potential to become a vital tool to measure and identify production efficiency, competitiveness, and ultimately the propensity to complete work on time.
Classroom Computer Capsules: Binary Operations

(1990). Classroom Computer Capsules: Binary Operations. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 240-241.
Olfactory function and neurocognitive outcomes in old age: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study

Abstract Introduction We tested the hypothesis that poor sense of smell is associated with lower cognitive function and higher mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence. Methods Olfaction, measured by the Sniffin' Sticks test, was categorized as olfactory impairment (OI) (score ≤6) or no OI (score >6). MCI was adjudicated based on review of a neuropsychological examination. Linear regression estimated the mean difference in cognitive factor scores, and log-binomial regression quantified MCI prevalence among participants with versus without OI. Results Participants with OI had lower mean factor scores (memory: −0.27 standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.35 to −0.19; language: −0.24 SD, 95% CI: −0.30 to −0.17; executive function/processing speed: −0.09 SD, 95% CI: −0.12 to −0.06; and general cognitive performance: −0.25 SD, 95% CI: −0.30 to −0.20). OI was also associated with MCI (n = 204; prevalence ratio = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.78). Discussion An impaired sense of smell may serve as a readily accessible early marker of neurodegeneration and improve upon the prevailing delayed diagnoses and underascertainment of MCI/dementia.
SESQUITERPENE LACTONES FROM LIVESTOCK POISONS

I. ABSTRACT The different classes of naturally-occurring sesquiterpene lactones are described briefly. Certain sesquiterpene lactones are responsible for the toxicity of several livestock poisons in the U.S., such as Helenium autumnale, microcephalum and tenuifolium, Hymenoxys odorata and richardsonii , and Dugaldia hoopesii. Sesquiterpene lactones may also be responsible for the toxicity of some other livestock poisons belonging to the Compositae. Possible reasons for the toxic effects of the lactones involved in livestock poisoning are suggested.
The Dose Response of Percutaneous Absorption

In most toxicological specialities the administered dose is defined precisely. This has not always been so in dermatoxicology. This chapter defines our current, albeit far from perfect, understanding of the relation of applied dose to percutaneous absorption.
The City of the Present in the City of the Past: Solstice Celebrations at Tiwanaku, Bolivia

Tiwanaku, Bolivia, is a pre-Columbian archaeological site, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the “capital of the Aymara world.” Annually on the Winter Solstice (June 21), Tiwanaku and its nearby quiet village of the same name are transformed into a place of national importance. Urban Bolivian pilgrims who attend the Solstice participate in a project of becoming part of “the Aymara,” laying claim to the abstracted Aymara as the root of the nation. This ritual event emphasizes “the Aymara” as both descendents of pre-Columbian Tiwanakotas and as contemporary political actors, reinforcing the category of “the Aymara” as a coherent political body with deep historical roots. The Solstice is a fundamentally urban event transpiring in rural space that symbolically incorporates the growing – and politically powerful – urban Aymara populations of the cities of La Paz and El Alto. This ritual is a performance of a rural ideal enacted in a nonurban urban space: a pre-Columbian city recast as both archaeological site and contemporary rural village, a place linked simultaneously to one city of the past and another of the present.
The effects of oil on blue crab and periwinkle snail interactions: A mesocosm study

Abstract We examined the sub-lethal effect of Macondo oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on predator-prey interactions using blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) and periwinkle snails (Littoraria irrorata). A 2 × 2 factorial mesocosm design determined the effect of oil (no oil vs. oil) and blue crabs (no blue crab predator vs. one blue crab predator) on periwinkle snail climbing and survival. Sixteen mesocosm tanks were used in the experiment, which were replicated three times. Each tank contained water, sand, and Spartina marsh stems. The sixteen tanks were divided between two, temperature-controlled chambers to separate oil treatments (no oil vs. oil). Oil was buried in the sand to prevent direct coating of mesocosm organisms. Half of the tanks contained only snails, while the other half contained snails and (one) blue crab in each chamber. Snail climbing behavior and survival were documented every 12 h over 96 h. Snails exposed to oil without a blue crab predator survived as well as snails not exposed to oil and no blue crab predator. Oil reduced snail survival in the presence of a blue crab predator. The increase in snail mortality can be attributed to changes in snail climbing behavior. Oil significantly reduced snail climbing height in the presence and absence of a blue crab predator. This change in behavior and subsequent decrease in snail survival could be beneficial for Spartina during recovery after an oil spill. A decrease in snail populations would reduce grazing stress on Spartina. However, field research immediately after an oil spill would be more useful in determining predator-prey interactions and further food web effects.
Flight-Experiment Validation of the Dynamic Capabilities of a Flux-Pinned Interface as a Docking Mechanism

Flux-pinned interfaces for spacecraft leverage the physics of superconductor interactions with electromagnetism to govern the dynamics between two bodies in close-proximity. Several unique advantages over traditional mechanical capture systems include robustness to control failures, contactless reorientation of the capture target, and collision mitigation. This study describes a series of experiments performed in a microgravity environment during a parabolic-flight campaign to measure the dynamic behavior of a flux-pinned interface in a flight-traceable environment. This paper presents the performance of a flux-pinned interface in the full six degrees of freedom in terms of several quantifiable metrics: success of capture at various energetic states, momentum change, system damping, and interface stiffness of the two spacecraft bodies.
Synthesis and Utility of Neptunium(III) Hydrocarbyl Complex

To extend organoactinide chemistry beyond uranium, reported here is the first structurally characterized transuranic hydrocarbyl complex, Np[η4 -Me2 NC(H)C6 H5 ]3 (1), from reaction of NpCl4 (DME)2 with four equivalents of K[Me2 NC(H)C6 H5 ]. Unlike the UIII species, the neptunium analogue can be used to access other NpIII complexes. The reaction of 1 with three equivalents of HE2 C(2,6-Mes2 -C6 H3 ) (E=O, S) yields [(2,6-Mes2 -C6 H3 )CE2 ]3 Np(THF)2 , maintaining the trivalent oxidation state.
Techno-physical feminism: anti-rape technology, gender, and corporeal surveillance

Wearable anti-rape technologies are products designed to rebuild feminine bodies in a form allegedly more capable of warding off unwanted sexual advances. Although inventors have patented these con...
It’s Not Easy Being Green, White, Red, and Blue: Constituency Representations Versus Electoral Competition in the Wisconsin Green Party

The Wisconsin Green Party, a state affiliate of the US Green Party, is a third party in a two-party system. The US electoral system is not kind to third parties; 1949 was the last time a third party was represented in the US Congress, in the 2016 presidential election, just 1% of voters in Wisconsin voted for the Green Party candidate. Ethnographic fieldwork combined with in-depth interviews for this study finds that the policies and practices of the party may be inhibiting its efforts to grow support and improve its electoral standing. This paper details how the party operates in a narrow window of antiparty sentiment, with the emphasis on the intersection of their four core policy pillars, and party practices of ‘being the message’ serving to deter their two likeliest sources of new support; the logic of constituency representation given primacy over electoral competition. These issues, though currently acting as constraints on the party, potentially however also afford long-term opportunity for the party.
Vehicle Detection Onboard Small Unmanned Aircraft

This book chapter presents a system and experiments for on-aircraft detection of ground vehicles. The focus is on the steps for creating an embedded real-time system that met operator desires despite the limitations of the computer vision methods, the communication network, and the small flight platform. Detailed experimentation was essential for planning and coordinating the hardware and software components to achieve real-time performance and the most benefit to the operators. A fast object detection method was repeatedly trained and evaluated until it achieved the desired speed and accuracy. The fault-tolerant client–server architecture delivered the most relevant information even despite severe netword degradation. The demonstrated content-aware filtering of imagery elevated the human analyst’s task from vehicle detection to detection verification, presumably a much less repetitive, fatiguing, and error-prone task. The system was successfully demonstrated as part of a Search And Rescue operation.
Social Determinants of Hallway Bed Use.

Author(s): Kim, David A.; Sanchez, Leon D.; Chiu, David; Brown, Ian P. | Abstract: Introduction: Hallway beds in the emergency department (ED) produce lower patient satisfaction and inferior care. We sought to determine whether socioeconomic factors influence which visits are assigned to hallway beds, independent of clinical characteristics at triage.Methods: We studied 332,919 visits, across 189,326 patients, to two academic EDs from 2013-2016. We estimated a logistic model of hallway bed assignment, conditioning on payor, demographics, triage acuity, chief complaint, patient visit frequency, and ED volume. Because payor is not generally known at the time of triage, we interpreted it as a proxy for other observable characteristics that may influence bed assignment. We estimated a Cox proportional hazards model of hallway bed assignment on length of stay.Results: Median patient age was 53. 54.0% of visits were by women. 42.1% of visits were paid primarily by private payors, 37.1% by Medicare, and 20.7% by Medicaid. A total of 16.2% of visits were assigned to hallway beds. Hallway bed assignment was more likely for frequent ED visitors, for lower acuity presentations, and for psychiatric, substance use, and musculoskeletal chief complaints, which were more common among visits paid primarily by Medicaid. In a logistic model controlling for these factors, as well as for other patient demographics and for the volume of recent ED arrivals, Medicaid status was nevertheless associated with 22% greater odds of assignment to a hallway bed (odds ratio 1.22, [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.18-1.26]), compared to private insurance. Visits assigned to hallway beds had longer lengths of stay than roomed visits of comparable acuity (hazard ratio for departure 0.91 [95% CI, 0.90-0.92]).Conclusion: We find evidence of social determinants of hallway bed use, likely involving epidemiologic, clinical, and operational factors. Even after accounting for different distributions of chief complaints and for more frequent ED use by the Medicaid population, as well as for other visit characteristics known at the time of triage, visits paid primarily by Medicaid retain a disproportionate association with hallway bed assignment. Further research is needed to eliminate potential bias in the use of hallway beds.
What it means to be a bodybuilder: social media influencer labor and the construction of identity in the bodybuilding subculture

While recent research has explored influencers within the fashion, beauty, fitness, and travel industries, few studies have examined influencers within physique sports like bodybuilding. Drawing on...
Survival outcomes of acute normovolemic hemodilution in patients undergoing primary debulking surgery for advanced ovarian cancer: A Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Team Ovary study

Abstract Objective To describe oncologic outcomes after using acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) to reduce requirement for allogenic red blood cell transfusions (ABT) in patients undergoing primary debulking surgery (PDS) for advanced ovarian cancer. Methods We performed a post-hoc analysis of a recent prospective trial investigating the safety and feasibility of ANH during PDS for advanced ovarian cancer. We report long-term survival outcomes. We compared demographics, clinicopathological characteristics, survival outcomes in this cohort of Stage IIIB-IVB high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients undergoing ANH (ANH group), with a retrospective cohort of all other patients (standard group) undergoing PDS during the same time period (01/2012–04/2017). Standard statistical tests were used. Results There were no demographic or clinicopathological differences between ANH (n = 33) and standard groups (n = 360), except for higher median age at diagnosis (57 vs. 62 years, respectively; p = 0.044) and shorter operative time (357 vs. 446 min, respectively; p 1 cm, 9.1 vs. 9.2% (p = 0.78). RD after PDS was the only independent factor associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) on multivariable analysis (p Conclusions ANH is an innovative approach in intraoperative management. It was previously proven to decrease need for ABT while maintaining the ability to achieve complete gross resection and associated benefits.
The Politics of Productivity: Differences in Exporting Firms Across Domestic Contexts

Political economists have paid increasing attention to distinctions between exporting and nonexporting firms, particularly with regard to their preferences on trade policy liberalization. A multitude of past studies focusing on economically advanced democracies characterized exporters as a small, elite group of large and highly productive firms, but this profile of a prototypical exporter is not necessarily representative of the body of firms operating under different domestic contexts. Using current and methodologically consistent cross-national surveys of firms conducted by the World Bank, this paper re-evaluates the link between certain firm-level characteristics and firms’ propensity to export, taking into account how national-level political, economic, and geographic conditions affect these relationships. The pooled sample of firms from approximately 100 countries spanning different political regimes and levels of development confirms that, generally speaking, exporters are large, productive, and innovative. However, in less democratic and less developed settings, productivity and innovation do not appear to be a prerequisite to export orientation. When developing generalizable theories of firms’ participation in the policymaking process, we must therefore be careful not to treat export behavior as an unqualified predictor of pro-free-trade attitudes.
Suicidal ideation in an ethnically mixed, highland Guatemalan community.

Reported suicide rates in Latin America remain low, but there is evidence to suggest they may be increasing, particularly among indigenous populations. To better understand who may be at risk for s...
Lam\'e polynomials, hyperelliptic reductions and Lam\'e band structure

The band structure of the Lame equation, viewed as a one-dimensional Schrodinger equation with a periodic potential, is studied. At integer values of the degree parameter l, the dispersion relation is reduced to the l=1 dispersion relation, and a previously published l=2 dispersion relation is shown to be partially incorrect. The Hermite-Krichever Ansatz, which expresses Lame equation solutions in terms of l=1 solutions, is the chief tool. It is based on a projection from a genus-l hyperelliptic curve, which parametrizes solutions, to an elliptic curve. A general formula for this covering is derived, and is used to reduce certain hyperelliptic integrals to elliptic ones. Degeneracies between band edges, which can occur if the Lame equation parameters take complex values, are investigated. If the Lame equation is viewed as a differential equation on an elliptic curve, a formula is conjectured for the number of points in elliptic moduli space (elliptic curve parameter space) at which degeneracies occur. Tables of spectral polynomials and Lame polynomials, i.e., band edge solutions, are given. A table in the older literature is corrected.
3042 – CAS9-AAV6 GENE CORRECTION OF AUTOLOGOUS HSCS IMPROVES SICKLE CELL DISEASE ERYTHROPOIESIS IN MICE

With the ability to reconstitute the entire hematopoietic system, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are an attractive target for a range of disease therapies. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated beta-globin (HBB) gene correction of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) patient-derived HSCs in combination with autologous transplantation represents an exciting new paradigm in gene therapy. Although several Cas9-based HBB-correction approaches have been proposed, functional correction of in vivo erythropoiesis has not been investigated to date. Here, we have applied a humanized globin-cluster SCD mouse model to study Cas9-AAV6-mediated HBB-correction in functional HSCs within the context of autologous transplantation using a novel ex vivo HSC culture system (Wilkinson et al., Nature 2019). We have discovered that long-term multipotent HSCs can be gene corrected ex vivo and stable hemoglobin-A production can be achieved in vivo from HBB-corrected HSCs following autologous transplantation back into SCD mice. There was a direct correlation between increased HBB-corrected myeloid chimerism and normalized in vivo RBC features, but even low levels of chimerism resulted in significant HgbA levels. Our results provide a useful framework for evaluating Cas9-based HSC gene therapies and support the clinical investigation of Cas9-AAV6 technologies.
Microscopic charge carrier dynamics within non-normal incidence VECSEL cavities

Mode-locked vertical external-cavity surface emitting lasers are promising compact sources for high-power, ultrafast pulses with excellent beam quality and the flexibility offered by an external cavity. Typical models of these lasers use macroscopic or quasistatic approaches based on rate or delay differential equations. Although these approaches have shown widespread success, they often require numerous experimentally tuned parameters and cannot capture the ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics present as the field interacts with the quantum well. The Maxwell Semiconductor Bloch Equations has reduced parametrization and captures the carrier dynamics by coupling together a numerical wave propagator to a first principles of quantum mechanical description of the induced microscopic polarization within the active semiconductor quantum well. We expand on this model utilizing a reference frame transform to model modelocking within VECSEL cavities with non-normally incident semiconductor heterostructures. Specifically, we demonstrate the effect of increased pumping on the fundamental and harmonic modelocking behaviors of V-cavity VECSELs as well as transverse kinetic hole burning during colliding pulse operation as seen in modelocked ring cavities.
Health information technology to improve care for people with multiple chronic conditions.

Objective To review evidence regarding the use of Health Information Technology (health IT) interventions aimed at improving care for people living with multiple chronic conditions (PLWMCC) in order to identify critical knowledge gaps. Data sources We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Compendex, and IEEE Xplore databases for studies published in English between 2010-2020. Study design We identified studies of health IT interventions for PLWMCC across three domains: self-management support, care coordination, and algorithms to support clinical decision-making. Data collection/extraction methods Structured search queries were created and validated. Abstracts were reviewed iteratively to refine inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search was supplemented by manually searching the bibliographic sections of the included studies. The search included a forward citation search of studies nested within a clinical trial to identify the clinical trial protocol and published clinical trial results. Data was extracted independently by two reviewers. Principal findings The search yielded 1907 articles; 44 were included. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 35 other studies including quasi-experimental, usability, feasibility, qualitative studies, or development/validation studies of analytic models. Five RCTs had positive results and the remaining four RCTs showed that the interventions had no effect. The studies address individual patient engagement and assess patient-centered outcomes such as quality of life. Few RCTs assess outcomes such as disability and none assess mortality. Conclusions Despite a growing body of literature on health IT interventions or multicomponent interventions including a health IT component for chronic disease management, current evidence for applying health IT solutions to improve care for PLWMCC is limited. The body of literature included in this review provides critical information on the state of the science as well as the many gaps that need to be filled for digital health to fulfill its promise in supporting care delivery that meets the needs of PLWMCC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Workforce Trends in Spinal Surgery: Geographic Distribution and Primary Specialty Characteristics from 2012 to 2017.

Objective Although both neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons specialize in spinal care, it is not clear how this increased demand for spine surgeons has affected these fields. In this study, we aim to characterize the total number, geographic distribution, and procedural rate of laminectomies of spine surgeons by their primary specialty from 2012 to 2017. Methods Neurosurgical and orthopedic data from 2012 to 2017 were obtained from the Medicare Provider Utilization Database. The databases were filtered by the primary specialty to include “Neurosurgeons” and “Orthopedic surgery.” To select specifically for spine surgeons, the 203 Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes relating to spinal procedures were chosen as additional filters. Results Between 2012 and 2017, the total number of spine surgeons in the United States increased by 9.6% from 3,861 to 4,241 total surgeons. The South experienced the largest percentage increase in spine surgeons from 1,584 surgeons in 2012 to 1,769 in 2017 (11.7%). Over this 5-year span, neurosurgeons performed a greater share of both cervical and lumbar laminectomies, but orthopedic spine surgeons saw a greater increase in procedural growth (+87.2% cervical and +16.7% lumbar). Conclusions There is relatively slow growth in the workforce of spinal surgery, with orthopedic spine specialists outpacing the growth seen in neurosurgical spine. This growth is seen at different rates across different regions in the U.S., with the South experiencing the highest rate of growth. Finally, although neurologic surgery performs more laminectomies in both the lumbar and cervical region, orthopedic surgeons are quickly increasing their proportion of performed procedures.
On the η → 3π decay puzzle

The various problems associated with understanding the η → 3π decay are reviewed. We discuss in detail pole models and the conventional current-current model for the electromagnetic Hamiltonian and show that they fail to explain the decay rate, although the slope in the Dalitz plot comes out in agreement with experiment in almost all models. We study a scalar density model for the electromagnetic Hamiltonian and show that the ensuing σ-terms induce a certain degree of freedom; we exhibit the effect of the σ-terms on the decay rate. We give a reason behind the universality of the slope in the Dalitz plot.
Approach to Acute Bleeding and Massive Transfusion

Publisher Summary An acutely bleeding patient represents a special challenge for clinicians who must stem the flow of blood and replace fluid losses. If blood loss exceeds the patient's ability to compensate for the acute loss of oxygen-carrying capacity, then packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions would be initiated. The blood bank would be required to provide these units in a safe but timely manner to support patient needs. With continued blood loss, platelets, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and cryoprecipitate may also be required. In this chapter, an approach to the support of the acutely bleeding patient is discussed, with special emphasis on massively transfused patients. The choice of PRBC component used for urgent transfusion depends on local availability and the nature of the clinical situation. Under routine and nonemergent conditions, pretransfusion compatibility testing is undertaken in the blood bank before PRBC components are issued for transfusion. In addition to the need for PRBCs and crystalloid solutions, the massively transfused patient is at high risk for hemostatic defects requiring the transfusion of plasma-derived components and platelets.