cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcome of conjunctival flap repair for corneal defects with and without an acellular submucosa implant in 73 canine eyes.

Objective To report and compare the success rate of a conjunctival pedicle flap (CPF) alone vs. a CPF with an underlying acellular submucosa implant for the repair of deep or perforating corneal wounds in dogs. Procedures Records of 69 dogs (73 eyes) receiving a CPF with or without an acellular submucosa implant between 2004 and 2012 were reviewed. Successful outcome was defined as a comfortable eye with vision at the last post-operative evaluation. Age, breed, underlying corneal disease, surgical time, lesion characteristics, topical therapies, and postoperative complications were investigated. Results Groups consisted of dogs that had a CPF alone (n = 37) and dogs that had a CPF plus an acellular submucosa implant (n = 36). Age, lesion size, surgical time, and time to discontinuation of topical anti-proteolytic medications was not significant between groups. Topical antibiotic use was terminated 13 days sooner (P ≤ 0.01) in dogs with an acellular submucosa implant. The combined success rate of all corneal wounds was 93% with success rate of corneal perforations, descemetoceles, and deep stromal wounds being 89%, 95%, and 100%, respectively. There was no difference in overall success rate between groups. Increasing age was associated with a negative outcome (P ≤ 0.01). Lesion size, presence of a corneal perforation, and concurrent keratoconjunctivitis sicca was not associated with a negative outcome. Conclusions A comparable success rate is achieved for deep or perforating corneal wounds stabilized with a CPF alone vs. a CPF plus acellular submucosa. Glaucoma, persistent uveitis, and cataract formation were not reported as post-operative complications in this study population.
Duplication of the PMP22 gene in 17p partial trisomy patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type-1A neuropathy

Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth type-1A neuropathy (CMT1A) is a demyelinating peripheral nerve disorder that is commonly associated with a submicroscopic tandem DNA duplication of a 1.5-Mb region of 17p11.2p12 that contains the peripheral myelin genePMP22. Clinical features of CMT1A include progressive distal muscle atrophy and weakness, foot and hand deformities, gait abnormalities, absent reflexes, and the completely penetrant electrophysiologic phenotype of symmetric reductions in motor nerve conduction velocities (NCVs). Molecular and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses were performed to determine the duplication status of thePMP22 gene in four patients with rare cytogenetic duplications of 17p. Neuropathologic features of CMT1A were seen in two of these four patients, in addition to the complex phenotype associated with 17p partial trisomy. Our findings show that the CMT1A phenotype of reduced NCV is specifically associated withPMP22 gene duplication, thus providing further support for thePMP22 gene dosage mechanism for CMT1A.
Innervation patterns in the cat tibialis anterior six months after self-reinnervation.

The spatial distribution of fibers belonging to a single motor unit was analyzed in 10 motor units from the tibialis anterior of the cat 6 months after denervation and self-reinnervation of the anterior (superficial) compartment of the muscle. After self-reinnervation, the distribution patterns of the fibers in the fast motor units were significantly different than control, whereas the fiber distribution in the slow unit was similar to control. Reinnervated fast units had a significant increase in the number of adjacencies among motor unit fibers, and there were often distinct “clusters or groups” of fibers distributed within the motor unit territory. Clustering or grouping of fibers was evident within the motor unit, even though fiber type grouping was not evident within the muscle. The differences in distribution patterns between control and reinnervated units may be related to variations in the branching pattern of axons during reinnervation compared to the process that occurs during development. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
There are No Universal Rules for Induction

In a material theory of induction, inductive inferences are warranted by facts that prevail locally. This approach, it is urged, is preferable to formal theories of induction in which the good inductive inferences are delineated as those conforming to some universal schema. An inductive inference problem concerning indeterministic, non-probabilistic systems in physics is posed and it is argued that Bayesians cannot responsibly analyze it, thereby demonstrating that the probability calculus is not the universal logic of induction.
Invited case transcript bulimia: An individual behavioral analysis

This transcript is taken from the initial interview with a 24-year-old woman presenting with the problems of depression related to episodic binge eating, and anxiety concerning her difficulty to control her weight. Behavior analysis of the problem indicates that while the patient's binge eating was a means to cope with feelings of anxiety and emotional distress, her struggle to exert strict dietary control and maintain a thin body shape was in order to avoid negative evaluation, criticism and social rejection. Predisposing factors and precipitating events were examined to help explain the development of this behavioral pattern.
Evaluation of endmember selection techniques and performance results from ORASIS hyperspectral analysis

In this work, we generate ROC curves on real and synthetic scenes and develop scoring methods to evaluate the performance of the ORASIS hyperspectral algorithm. The goal of this effort is to improve the overall performance of ORASIS, focusing on the endmember selection methods. ROC curve evaluations have been performed on hyperspectral data sets from different scenes. We have scored by target and by target pixel. A scene generator has been developed allowing many features: combination of real or synthetic background and multiple, distinct targets; user-defined angle of target spectrum to background subspace; and user-specified non-uniform target/background transparency.
Imaging of objects in the presence of rough surfaces using Time-Reversal and array processing

Imaging and detection of objects in the presence of rough surfaces and random media are important current problems with applications in object detection near rough ocean surfaces and terrain, and remote sensing in geophysical and biological media. It has also been important to incorporate signal processing techniques to space-time imaging. This paper presents applications of several signal processing techniques to imaging in complex environments, including Time-Reversal MUSIC imaging in random media. Also discussed are the effects of multiple scattering on several other imaging techniques including Time-Reversal, Modified Beamformer, and SAR. In particular, we discuss the imaging of objects located near rough surfaces.
Modern genome editing meets telomeres: the many functions of TPP1

The telomeric complex has been analyzed in detail for its role in regulating telomere protection and telomere length. Now, modern genome-editing techniques in human embryonic stem cells reveal TPP1 as the essential recruitment factor for telomerase, with additional functions in telomerase activation and definition of telomere length homeostasis.
Stable carbon isotopes in marine porewaters

Abstract We present centimeter-scale porewater δ 13 C profiles from four sites in the Central Equatorial Pacific Ocean, which reveal steep porewater δ 13 C gradients (up to −1.0‰ cm −1 ) at the deep-sea sediment—water interface. We describe the processes controlling porewater carbon isotopic composition and incorporate them into a model of the deep-sea benthic carbon cycle. Our measured δ 13 C profiles are then used to estimate carbon rain rates at two of these sites, MANOP sites C and S. The δ 13 C data yield organic carbon rain rates of 10 μmol C cm −2 yr −1 at site C and 3 μmol C cm −2 yr −1 at site S. These carbon rain rates agree with recent carbon rain estimates based on sediment trap data and porewater nitrate profiles, but are a factor of 2 lower than estimates based on millimeter-scale porewater oxygen profiles. Our model results indicate that changes of the same magnitude in organic carbon rain rate and bottom water composition (O 2 , ΣCO 2 , and δ 13 C) have comparable effects on the carbon isotopic composition of surficial porewaters. This suggests the need to consider the effects of benthic carbon cycling on the stable carbon isotope record preserved in deep-sea benthic foraminifera tests.
A cytokinetic model for heterogeneous mammalian cell populations. III. Tritiated thymidine studies: Correlations among multiple kinetic parameters in human tumors

Abstract A computer model for the simulation of radioautographic studies in growing mammalian cell populations was used to study multiple tritiated thymidine ( 3 HTdR) associated parameters in model populations whose properties are comparable to those found in human tumors. Several different DNA synthesis rate patterns are distinguishable, designated type I, intermediate, and type II. Correlations among percent labelled mitosis (PLM) curves, interphase cell labelling patterns, and continuous 3 HTdR labelling studies suggest a type I pattern in human breast cancer, an intermediate pattern in human melanoma, and a type II pattern in human adult leukemia. Detailed simulation studies were carried out in human adult acute leukemia and human melanoma. It was possible to fit all available kinetic data in leukemia and melanoma, both with respect to low threshold data, and with respect to radioautographic labelling intensity, provided that simulated experimental conditions and simulated radioautographic conditions corresponded to those actually employed. Kinetic differences between leukemia and melanoma were demonstrated which are in keeping with the natural histories and clinical drug response behavior of these two malignancies.
Computer modelling of piping components for transient hydrodynamic-structural response

Abstract The paper describes three new piping components that are coupled with existing pipe and elbow models so that transient hydrodynamic-structural response analysis of general piping systems is possible. The three models are: a generalized piping component model, a tee-branching junction model, and a surge tank model. Optional interior rigid wall simulation and heat exchanger tube bundle representation in the generalized piping component model makes possible its use in modelling valves, pipe expansions and reducers, and heat exchangers. Two-dimensional implicit continuous-fluid Eulerian finite difference technique is utilized in the hydrodynamics calculations. A convected coordinates finite element method is used in the structural analysis which considers both the membrane and bending strengths of the thin axisymmetric shells representing the walls.
Embedding classical fields in quantum field theories

We describe a procedure for quantizing a classical field theory which is the field-theoretic analog of Sudarshan's method for embedding a classical-mechanical system in a quantum-mechanical system. The essence of the difference between our quantization procedure and Fock-space quantization lies in the choice of vacuum states. The key to our choice of vacuum is the procedure we outline for constructing Lagrangians which have gradient terms linear in the field variables from classical Lagrangians which have gradient terms which are quadratic in field variables. We apply this procedure to model electrodynamic field theories, Yang-Mills theories, and a vierbein model of gravity. In the case of electrodynamics models we find a formalism with a close similarity to the coherent-soft-photon-state formalism of QED. In addition, photons propagate to $t=+\ensuremath{\infty}$ via retarded propagators. We also show how to construct a quantum field for action-at-a-distance electrodynamics. In the Yang-Mills case we show that a previously suggested model for quark confinement necessarily has gluons with principal-value propagation which allows the model to be unitary despite the presence of higher-order-derivative field equations. In the vierbein-gravity model we show that our quantization procedure allows us to treat the classical and quantum parts of the metric field in a unified manner. We find a new perturbation scheme for quantum gravity as a result.
Smart mobile system for body sensor network

This paper presents a smart mobile system for a body sensor network (BSN) that collects, displays, analyzes and streams multiple sensor data to a centralized computing server. Multiple wireless protocols including the Bluetooth, cellular data network, Wi-Fi and Near Field Communication (NFC) are used to transmit sensor data. An Intelligent Personal Communication Node (iPCN) using an Android smartphone is introduced consisting of sensor data collection, processing, analysis and transmission by the smartphone. Various sensor data are tested including acceleration, temperature and electrocardiography (ECG) data to demonstrate system extensibility. Particularly for ECG sensor data, a QRS detection algorithm for heart beat rate (HBR) calculation is implemented to demonstrate Android system computation feasibility for real-time signal processing. A major advantage of the Android system is the ability to communicate with sensor nodes on-demand and to acquire realtime multiple sensor data simultaneously. The proposed smart sensing system is not restricted to BSN, but also can have applications for any critical environment that requires instantaneous and remotely accessible monitoring system.
Teens' attention to crime and emergency programs on television as a predictor and mediator of increased risk perceptions regarding alcohol-related injuries.

This study examined the hypotheses that media exposure and attention would predict, and partially mediate, the effects of various individual-difference variables on alcohol-related risk perceptions among teen viewers of crime and emergency (e.g., medical drama) shows on television. Risk perceptions including perceived severity, perceived alcohol-attributable fraction of incidents involving alcohol, controllability, and concern regarding alcohol-related crime, assaults, and other injuries were the outcome measures. Attention to crime and emergency shows was predictive of increased concern and other risk perceptions regarding alcohol-related incidents. Attention also partially mediated the effects of demographic and other individual difference variables on adolescents' risk perceptions regarding alcohol-related injuries. The findings (a) suggest emergency and medical drama television narratives can at times have incidental positive impacts on health-related attitudes and (b) provide further evidence regardi...
Stochastic transitivity and the unidimensional control of choice

Abstract A concurrent-chains paradigm was used to test three models of preference for schedules of reinforcement. Each model assumes choice to be a monotonic function of values on a single dimension (“simple scalability”). For choices involving variable-interval and fixed-interval schedules, this dimension is assumed to be an harmonic average of the interreinforcement intervals; for choices involving fixedinterval and fixed-ratio schedules, the dimension is the time to reinforcement irrespective of response rate; for choices involving different combinations of rate and duration of reinforcement, the dimension is the rate of “reinforcement-time”, or the product of the two parameters. Each model implies a strong form of transitivity (“functional equivalence”), which held for half the subjects (that half exclusively sensitive to the reinforcement variable specified by the model). An alternative unidimensional model which implies a weaker form of transitivity (“weak binary utility model”) was consistent with the preferences of all subjects. This model states that a single factor controls the direction of preferences but not necessarily the exact choice probability, as simple scalability assumes.
Eye Structure and the Classification of Stomatopod Crustacea

The cornea in most stomatopods is divided into two halves by a band of specialized ommatidia, the middle band. This band is absent in the Bathysquilloidea, but present in the three other superfamilies. It is two facets wide in the Squilloidea and six facets wide in the Lysiosquilloidea and Gonodactyloidea. This differentiation must have occurred very early in the evolutionary history of the group.
Mission Concepts and Operations for Asteroid Mitigation Involving Multiple Gravity Tractors

The gravity tractor concept is a proposed method to deflect an imminent asteroid impact through gravitational tugging over a time scale of years. In this study, we present mission scenarios and operational considerations for asteroid mitigation efforts involving multiple gravity tractors. We quantify the deflection performance improvement provided by a multiple gravity tractor campaign and assess its sensitivity to staggered launches. We next explore several proximity operation strategies to accommodate multiple gravity tractors at a single asteroid including formation-flying and mechanically-docked configurations. Finally, we utilize 99942 Apophis as an illustrative example to assess the performance of a multiple gravity tractor campaign.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 192

Experimental structure and decay data for all nuclei with mass A=192 (Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At) have been evaluated. This evaluation, covering data received by 15 June 2012, supersedes the 1998 evaluation by C. M. Baglin (Nuclear Data Sheets 84, 717 (1998), literature cutoff August 1998) and the subsequent inclusion in the ENSDF database of the new nuclide 192At (C. M. Baglin, literature cutoff 16 May 2006). It also incorporates the current evaluation of superdeformed-band information by B. Singh. Since the last publication, 192Ta, 192W and 192At have been observed, and an isomeric state has been identified in 192Re. The e decay of 192Au has been studied using a multidetector array resulting in an extensively revised level scheme for 192Pt.
Management of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: a Review of Recent Treatment Options

In addition to the cardinal symptoms of tremors and rigidity, Parkinson’s disease is also defined by lower urinary tract dysfunction. In particular, these symptoms of nocturia and detrusor overactivity greatly impact the quality of life of a Parkinson’s patient. Improved understanding of the differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, combined with improvements in treatment for detrusor overactivity, has improved the therapeutic options for Parkinson’s disease-associated lower urinary tract dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the various therapeutic options now available.
High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging

This article explores the role of high-field (HF) MR imaging in medicine. It analyzes advantages of HF MR imaging in application to human subjects and how best they can be used to unravel the secrets of diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. Special emphasis is placed on morphologic imaging to highlight the role of soft tissue contrast, MR spectroscopy to showcase the ability of detecting biochemical information, and functional MR imaging as an emerging technology for assessing tissue function with the possibility of eventual introduction to the clinical arena. In this article, hardware issues, such as RF coils for HF systems with a static magnetic field of 3.0 T or higher are also discussed.
Decoupled rotational band structure of odd Pd nuclei in a spherical quasiparticle picture

Energy-level calculations are performed for the odd-mass Pd isotopes using a simple model in which valence neutrons in the d/sub 5/2/, g/sub 7/2/, and h/sub 11/2/ orbitals are coupled to a weakly deformed soft core. The softness is simulated by a variable moment-of-inertia representation for the core. A spherical basis is used throughout so that all basis states are eigenstates of good J, R, and I. The Hamiltonian is treated in the BCS approximation, and the deformation for each level is determined by an energy minimization condition. In general, calculated intraband energies are in good agreement with experiment; bandhead positions are much more difficult to fit, especially for /sup 1/05Pd.
Preliminary Evaluation of Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) as a Forage Crop

There is a lack of crop options for planting when summer crops, such as corn and soybean, fail due to drought during late summer period. This study evaluated the potential of using tepary bean as a short-duration forage crop when planted late during summer period. Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), a short-duration, drought-tolerant, summer crop, is a potential candidate forage crop for this situation. A study with 31 tepary bean lines indicated that 59 days old crop can be harvested as forage with mean fresh and dry matter yields of 22.2 and 4.4 Mg.ha-1, respectively. Tepary bean forage contained 21.4 percent protein, 37.5 percent ADF, 41.1 percent NDF, 0.48 Mcal/pound NE, 60.8 percent TDN, and 1.12 percent fat. Mean values of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, and Na (% dry matter) in tepary bean forage were 0.28, 2.5, 0.28, 2.11, 0.54, and 0.05, respectively. Mean values of Fe, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B (mg.kg-1) were 307, 229, 359, 9.3, 39.5, and 20.9, respectively. Tepary bean forage quality compared well with that of alfalfa hay, perennial peanut hay, and soybean forage. These results indicated that tepary bean has potential as a short-duration forage crop.
Early versus late hormonal therapy: debating the issues

Abstract Hormonal therapy for prostate cancer has traditionally been reserved for advanced disease, but current evidence suggests that earlier use can confer a survival advantage. Survival benefit has been observed among patients with TNM stage T3 tumors who were treated with hormonal therapy plus external irradiation. Patients with nodal metastases (D1) who received immediate treatment with hormonal therapy after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy also survived longer than those who were treated only after disease progression. The patients included in these studies are distinguished from those exhibiting “biochemical” failure (ie, increased levels of prostate-specific antigen, despite local therapy). It is in these patients that the use of hormonal therapy is, at present, controversial. For the purpose of identifying the subgroup of patients who might specifically benefit from early hormonal treatment, various schemas for defining predictors of poor outcome have been developed, including nomograms and artificial neural network programs. As with hormonal therapy, the use of chemotherapy in prostate cancer has been regarded as a palliative option for hormone-refractory disease. However, positive experience with early chemotherapy in other cancers suggests that such strategies might be similarly beneficial in prostate cancer. Limited clinical data show that chemotherapy combined with hormonal therapy can increase the initial response rate and prolong survival in locally advanced disease (T3 or D2), but not in metastatic tumors. An international trial is under way to evaluate the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with localized prostate cancer who are at high risk of relapse after radical prostatectomy. Thus, accumulating evidence provides a rationale for continued investigation into the use of early hormonal therapy in selected patients.
Naturally occurring hepatozoonosis in a coyote.

Schizonts of Hepatozoon sp. were found in the myocardium of an adult coyote (Canis latrans) collected from the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Austwell, Texas. This constitutes the first time hepatozoonosis has been recorded in Canidae in the Western Hemisphere.
Developmental pathology of Heliothis virescens larvae parasitized by Microplitis croceipes: Parasite-mediated host developmental arrest

The developmental pathology of Heliothis virescens larvae parasitized by the braconid wasp Microplitis croceipes was examined. Parasitized host larvae begin the same precise sequence of developmental events in preparation for pupation as observed in unparasitized larvae. This sequence is initiated even though the host larval weight is below the normal developmental threshold for larval-pupal transformation. After parasite emergence, the host remains in a suspended advanced developmental state but never pupates. The developmental parameters altered by parasitization are normally under the host's endocrine control. Neck ligation of control larvae was used to identify the critical periods in parasitized and unparasitized fourth- and fifth-instar larvae. Control ligated fourth-instar larvae apparently released PTTH between 21:00 AZT of the second day of the instar and 1:00 AZT of the third day. Parasitized fourth-instar larvae were smaller and apparently released PTTH between 18:00 and 23:00 AZT of the third day. Control ligated fifth-instar larvae apparently released PTTH between day 1 and day 2 of the cell formation phase. Ligated fifth-instar parasitized larvae never molted to the pupal stage. Parasite larvae were adversely affected by host neck ligation with their pupal plus cocoon weight being proportional to the age of the host at the time of ligation.
Students and Perceived School Safety: The Impact of School Security Measures

Although secondary school violence has actually decreased, public concern over student safety is still prevalent. One response to publicized school violence has been the implementation of security measures (metal detectors, cameras) and policies (visitor sign in, locked doors). While these changes may decrease school violence, little research has examined the effect these security measures have on student perceptions of school safety. Utilizing the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth), this study found that metal detectors and the number of visible security measures employed in school were associated with a decrease in student reports of feeling safe. Students who were male, White, had higher GPAs, and reported feeling safe in their neighborhood were more likely to report feeling safe at school, while those who experienced prior victimizations, had larger class sizes, and who attended schools that had disorder problems were more likely to report not feeling safe at school.
Influence of pyrolysis conditions and ion-exchanged catalysts on the gasification of cottonwood chars by carbon dioxide

Abstract Wood chars of heat treatment temperature 800–1000 °C were gasified in carbon dioxide at 800 °C. Chars were prepared from untreated black cottonwood and from wood treated with gasification catalysts, primarily by ion exchange on cell wall carboxylic acid groups. Catalyst treatments were carried out on wood from which the indigenous mineral matter was removed by acid washing (ash-free wood) to avoid complications of interfering catalytic effects. Catalysts were selected to represent the significant inorganic constituents of wood as well as more active gasification catalysts, such as the transition metals. The results of chemical analysis and gasification rate determinations indicate that calcium is the dominant catalytic species controlling the gasification of the untreated wood. Ion-exchanged calcium and cobalt were the most active catalysts under the conditions employed in this study, and ion-exchanged potassium was surprisingly ineffective as a catalyst. CP/MAS 13 C-n.m.r. spectra of chars prepared from untreated and catalyst-treated wood indicate that their chemical structures are very similar, therefore catalytic effects are not associated with the catalyst's influence on the formation of the pyrolytic char.
Probing solar system objects at infrared wavelengths

The instruments, techniques, and analysis methods employed in IR observations of solar-system objects are discussed and illustrated with sample data. Particular attention is given to (1) high-resolution (Doppler-limited) spectra of H2O in Comet Halley and Comet Wilson (1986l), obtained with the NASA Kuiper Airborne Observatory in 1985-1986, and (2) scanning observations of Jovian thermal emission, obtained with the NASA IRTF in 1987 and subjected to detailed time-series analysis to investigate atmospheric motion. The data are presented in spectra, energy-level diagrams, maps, and graphs and briefly characterized.
Transition and Recovery of a Cryogenically Stable Superconductor

The transition and recovery of cryogeninially stable superconductors has been theoretically studied.1,2 The two coupled equations which describe the redistribution of current and the temperature distribution are the current diffusion equation (in one dimension) $${\partial ^{2}}\left( {\rho \left( {T\left( x \right)} \right)j\left( x \right)} \right)/\partial {x^{2}} = - \mu {\kern 1pt} \partial {\kern 1pt} j{\kern 1pt} \left( x \right)/\partial {\kern 1pt} t$$ (1) and the heat conduction equation $$\partial \left( {k\left( {T\left( x \right)} \right)\partial {\kern 1pt} T\left( x \right)} \right)/\partial x{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} + \rho \left( {T\left( x \right)} \right){j^{2}}\left( x \right) = C\left( {T\left( x \right)} \right){\kern 1pt} \partial {\kern 1pt} T/\partial {\kern 1pt} t$$ (2) where T is temperature, ρ is resistivity, j is current density, and C is specific heat. Following the model of Ref. 1, and simultaneously solving the coupled equations using a finite difference routine including temperature dependent physical parameters yields an estimate of the current and temperature distributions, and the generated power, see Fig. 1. After the superconductor is turned normal, the current quickly exits the superconductor and flows in a small area of the copper adjacent to the superconductor, generating power, and perhaps causing a large temperature excursion. Thermal recovery tends to occur at large times after current diffusion reduces the power generated to less than the perimeter cooling.
On the asymptotic exactness of the Bogoliubov approximation for many boson systems

The Bogoliubov approximation for many boson systems consists in replacing the field operatorsa 0 anda 0 + byc-numbers, to be determined by an extremum condition. Here we formulate the approximation in terms of coherent states of the condensed particles, and prove that for reasonable interactions it gives the exact values of the thermodynamical functions in the infinite volume limit.
Optimal three-dimensional layouts of complete binary trees

Abstract We present optimal embeddings of an n-node complete binary tree in a three-dimensional or a two-dimensional grid when k, the size of one of the dimensions of the grid, is given. For the three-dimensional case we show how to obtain, for any k in the range [1, 1 2 n] , a layout of O(n + k log n) volume. The same bound is shown to hold for the two-dimensional case when k is in the range [log n, 1 2 n] . We also show that these bounds are optimal within a constant factor.
New treatments for myelodysplastic syndromes.

In the last decade, significant advances have been made in the treatment of patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS). Although best supportive care continues to have an important role in the management of MDS, todate the therapeutic approach is diversified according to IPSS risk group, karyotype, patient’s age, comorbidities, and compliance. Hematopoietic growth factors play a major role in lower risk MDS patients, and include high dose erithropoiesis stimulating agents, which were shown to prolong survival, and thrombopoietic receptor agonists. Standard supportive care should also include iron chelating therapy to reduce organ damage related to iron overload in transfusion-dependent patients. Biologic therapies have been introduced in MDS, with lenalidomide, which has been shown to induce transfusion independence in most patients with the 5q- Syndrome. Hypomethylating agents have shown efficacy in INT-2/high risk MDS patients, reducing the risk of leukemic transformation and increasing survival. Other agents under development for the treatment of MDS include histone deacetylase inhibitors, farnesyltransferase inhibitors, clofarabine and ezatiostat.
Epilogue: Four Lessons from Evaluating Controversial Programs

Abstract The papers in the final section of this volume describe in great detail the major methods of program evaluation. In this epilogue, we discuss how we grappled with various evaluation design issues within the context of one demonstration program. We conclude by sharing four lessons we learned along the way, lessons that we believe will be useful to those who evaluate programs as well as to consumers of such evaluations.
Influence of ethanol on glutathione-S-transferase activity and glutathione content in the isolated perfused rabbit lung.

Abstract The induction of pulmonary glutathione-S-transferase (GST) by ethanol was investigated using the isolated perfused rabbit lung (IPRL) preparation with particular attention paid to the duration and route of ethanol administration. For perfusion with buffer containing 0.2% ethanol or acute ethanol treatment (4 g/kg by gastric intubation) 4 h before the IPRL preparation, there were no differences in the rate of glutathione (GSH) conjugation with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) at low substrate concentrations (100–400 μM) but a decrease was observed in the rate at high substrate concentrations (500–1000 μM). Lungs from rabbits treated acutely showed the lowest maximal rate of GSH conjugation in the IPRL. Prolonged treatment with ethanol (10% in drinking water for 3 weeks) increased GSH conjugation (CDNB concentration of 300–750 μM). None of these ethanol treatments altered GSH conjugation with 1,2-epoxy(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (ENP). Upon termination of perfusion, there were no differences in pulmonary GSH concentration between control and ethanol-treated groups. Therefore, the effect of altered GSH level as a co-substrate on GST activity in lung might be excluded as an explanation for the effects of ethanol. These data suggest that ethanol has differential effects on GST activity depending upon the substrate and duration of ethanol administration.
Biosynthesis of neotigogenin and Δ16-5α-pregnen-3β-ol-20-one from cholesterol in Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium

Abstract Radioactive neotigogenin and Δ 16 -5α-pregnen-3β-ol-20-one were isolated from the flowers of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium plants which had been treated with cholesterol-4- 14 C. Both were purified to constant specific activity by chromatography and recrystallization of the acetates as well as the free sterols. Since radioactive tomatidine had previously been isolated from the same plants, the simultaneous biosynthesis of the structurally analogous steroidal sapogenins and alkaloids from cholesterol has now been demonstrated.
Irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction

Introduction: About 50% of patients have symptomatic heart failure (HF) with normal to near-normal ejection fraction (EF), a condition often referred to as HF with preserved EF (HFPEF). Prevalence of HFPEF increases with age, particularly among older women. Trial data on optimal treatment strategies for HFPEF are limited. Basic science studies have demonstrated that plasma renin activity is enhanced in patients with HF and normal EF, possibly inducing pathophysiologic hemodynamic and/or intrinsic tissue changes that predispose to HFPEF. Therefore, the Irbesartan in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction (I-PRESERVE) study was designed to study the benefi ts of the angiotensin-receptor blocker irbesartan for older HFPEF patients. A smaller randomized controlled study, the Candesartan in Heart Failure–Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM)-Preserved trial [1], randomized 3023 HFPEF patients to show that the angiotensin-receptor blocker candesartan was associated with a nonsignifi cant reduction in its primary end point of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalizations.
Differential Response of the Cynomolgus Macaque Gut Microbiota to Shigella Infection

Little is known about the role of gut microbiota in response to live oral vaccines against enteric pathogens. We examined the effect of immunization with an oral live-attenuated Shigella dysenteriae 1 vaccine and challenge with wild-type S. dysenteriae 1 on the fecal microbiota of cynomolgus macaques using 16 S rRNA analysis of fecal samples. Multi-dimensional cluster analysis identified different bacterial community types within macaques from geographically distinct locations. The fecal microbiota of Mauritian macaques, observed to be genetically distinct, harbored a high-diversity community and responded differently to Shigella immunization, as well as challenge compared to the microbiota in non-Mauritian macaques. While both macaque populations exhibited anti-Shigella antibody responses, clinical shigellosis was observed only among non-Mauritian macaques. These studies highlight the importance of further investigation into the possible protective role of the microbiota against enteric pathogens and consideration of host genetic backgrounds in conducting vaccine studies.
CIGS nanoparticles for solar cell application: Synthesis and characterization

Copper indium gallium selenium (CIGS) nanoparticles were synthesized by heating copper chloride, indium chloride, gallium chloride, and selenium in oleylamine, and purified through centrifugation and precipitation process. A stable dispersion of the CIGS nanoparticles (70 nm) in chloroform and toluene were obtained. The UV-Vis-NIR absorption result shows a good absorption in the solar spectrum range with band edge near 1100 nm wavelength (1.13 eV).
A homogeneous, rigid, ground radome

The design, building and testing of an improved ground radome are described. The improvement in operation has been achieved by abandoning the usual arrangement of panels and bolts and adopting instead a homogeneous shell design. The new 26½ ft-diameter radome consists of low-density foam panels which are bonded by more foam of the same density, thereby resulting in a homogeneous structure.Tests at frequencies of 6 and 9 Gc/s show an average reduction of 2% in field strength (0.2 dB) for one-way transmission. Boresight errors of ±0.9 mrad have been measured on a large aerial operating at 6 Gc/s.
Welfare Reducing Polls

We study costly majority voting when voters rationally anticipate others have similar preferences. The correlation in preferences lowers expected turnout because votes have a positive externality on those who abstain. We study the effects of the public release of information (polls) on participation levels. Polls raise expected turnout but reduce expected welfare because they stimulate the “wrong” group to participate resulting in a “toss-up” election. Our novel results highlight the adverse effects of providing information about the electorate’s preferences and may explain why some countries bar opinion polls close to an election date.
The acrylic-faced cast gold crown.

Abstract Because of the adaptability of acrylic material, its application has been vastly broadened, particularly in its use as a processed facing in the anterior cast gold crown. A method has been outlined to provide adequate and safe retention of the acrylic in the window of a cast gold crown. New techniques have been offered to assure improved esthetic results by: (1) the use of oxyphosphate of zinc cement powder mixed with acrylic powder as a masking material; (2) the introduction of flash gold-plating hard cast alloys to provide a suitable color reflection background for the translucent acrylic material. Variation of the gold background can supply a range of colors by reproducing a gray, yellow, or red modification of any set of acrylic powders used. The opaque medium of cement furnishes a guide for the roentgenographic interpretation of acrylic margin in relation to tooth structure. Technical difficulties inherent in the finishing and cementation procedures have been discussed. The need for understanding and clarifying the vulnerability of this material, in regard to the daily routine of tooth brushing as well as abnormal tooth habits, has been stressed.
Anthocyanin profile of mayhaw (Cretaegus opaca)

Abstract Mayhaw samples (Elite 2001, Texas Star 2000 and 1999) were harvested over a three-year period and analyzed for anthocyanin concentration, colour density, polymeric colour, and % polymeric compounds. Anthocyanins were separated by HPLC. All mayhaw samples from the three year period contained about 50% of cyanidin-3-glucoside, 10–21% cyanidin-3-galactoside, and less than 32% unidentified anthocyanins. The highest concentration of anthocyanins was detected in the Texas Star 1999 sample (about 7 mg/100 g) whereas Texas 2000 and Elite 2001 had 3.3 and 2.3 mg/100 g of anthocyanins, respectively. Colour density was lower in the Elite samples than the Texas. The polymeric anthocyanins and polymeric colour decreased in the Elite 2001 > Texas Star 2000 > Texas Star 1999 and the decrease was tentatively ascribed to sample age.
Adjustment to a dyadic stressor: a longitudinal study of coping and depressive symptoms in infertile couples over an insemination attempt.

In a study designed to examine how intimate partners' coping processes with regard to infertility predicted depressive symptoms across the course of a treatment cycle, 43 couples completed assessments in the week prior to and the week after receiving a negative pregnancy result from an alternate insemination attempt by the partner. Depressive symptoms in both partners increased significantly after the pregnancy result receipt. As hypothesized, avoidant coping predicted increased distress over time. and approach-oriented coping (e.g., problem-focused coping, emotional processing, and expression) predicted decreased distress. Coping strategies engaged in by both individuals and partners predicted depressive symptoms, and for women, interactions also emerged between their own and their partners' coping.
Histologic criteria for detection of prolactin: lack of prolactin in blood and urine of human subjects.

There are two widely used methods for bioassay of prolactin which utilize the response of the pigeon's cropsac. In the systemic method (1, 2) prolactin is injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly into the pectoral region of the pigeon. In the local method (3–6) prolactin is injected intradermally over the cropsac. Both of these methods have provided useful and reliable data when applied to studies of anterior pituitary preparations. On the other hand, assays for prolactin in human urine and serum, chiefly by the local assay method, have yielded conflicting results.
Price impacts of concentration, timing, and product characteristics in a feeder cattle video auction

This research investigates the differential effect of timing and product characteristic based measures of buyer concentration on the selling price of auctioned feeder cattle. Empirical results suggest that the fundamental dynamic price generation mechanism in feeder cattle auctions is affected by measures of buyer concentration. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introducing GIS to TransNav and its Extensive Maritime Application: An Innovative Tool for Intelligent Decision Making?

This paper aims to introduce GIS, its definition, principle, application in any discipline particularly maritime, its process, data sets and features and its benefits to maritime and universities. Specifically, the paper intends to provide an overview of its wide applications in maritime including but not limited to marine transportation, marine environment, port management and operation, maritime education and training (MET) and maritime research. GIS simplest task is in mapping and visualization. But its most important function is in spatial analysis. Spatial analysis takes into account the location, geometry, topology, and relationships of geographic data, which lend itself to intelligent decision making. GIS is not just for researchers and students. GIS is especially useful for decision makers such as: managers, administrators, and directors of large and small projects. Scenarios are "seen" and analyzed even before events happen. To planners and decision makers, this is very important because they can assess the impact of events or scenario and may save a lot of time, effort, and money before implementing the actual project. An additional skill on GIS when learned or thought would certainly result to a technically competent maritime global workforce. The paper would provide ideas on possible areas for collaborations among TransNav member institutions for data sharing which may be processed and analyzed by a GIS specialist.
Treatment of heterotopic ossification of the elbow following burn injury: Recommendations for surgical excision and perioperative prophylaxis using radiation therapy

Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) is reported to occur in 0.1-3.3% of elbows after a severe burn, and can significantly limit elbow motion and upper extremity function. Methods The study included 9 patients (11 elbows) treated by the senior author (TW). The surgical technique consisted of making multiple small surgical approaches to remove heterotopic ossification (without raising cutaneous flaps) and concomitantly releasing the elbow capsule and skin contracture. Perioperative radiation therapy was performed to decrease heterotopic ossification recurrence. Outcome measures included postoperative elbow range of motion and Mayo Elbow Performance Score. Results The average amount of body surface area burned was 54% (range, 10-86%) and mean time from injury to elbow surgery was 416 days (range, 175-860). All elbows had some degree of direct involvement with the thermal injury. Preoperative arc of motion averaged 39° in flexion/extension and 78° in supination/pronation. Four elbows had complete ankylosis in the flexion/extension plane and 1 had only 5° of motion. At last follow-up, arc of motion in flexion/extension averaged 116° and 139° in supination/pronation, an improvement of 77° and 61°, respectively. One recurrence of HO required re-excision. Conclusion We recommend this multiple-approach surgical technique for treatment of heterotopic ossification and elbow contracture after burn injury, along with perioperative radiation therapy to decrease recurrence. Our surgical approach and treatment resulted in significant gains in elbow motion and upper extremity function with few complications.
Effect of Different Quantities of Variable Practice on Acquisition, Retention, and Transfer of An Applied Motor Skill

This investigation examined the effect of manipulating different quantities of variable practice in the acquisition phase on the retention and transfer performance of a dart throw. Participants in the Specific condition practiced a total of 75 acquisition trials from a distance of 2.39 m. Participants in the Specific + Variable condition practiced a total of 75 acquisition trials with 25 trials from distances of 1.47 m, 2.39 m, and 3.30 m. Participants in the Specific + Varplus condition practiced a total of 75 acquisition trials with 15 trials from distances of 1.47 m, 1.93 m, 2.39 m, 2.84 m, and 3.30 m. Results of the one-way analysis of variance on the 24-hr. retention test from 2.39 m yielded no significant differences among practice conditions for mean radial error. A one-way analysis of variance on the 24-hr. transfer test from 3.76 m indicated that the Specific + Variable and Specific + Varplus conditions performed with significantly smaller mean radial error than the Specific condition. The results are discussed in regard to recent research and applicability to instructional settings.