cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ten years' experience with ovarian malignancy at a United States naval hospital.

Abstract 1.1. Eighty-one cases of primary ovarian tumors have been presented. 2.2. Of the primary tumors, 46.9 per cent were werous cystadenocarcinomas. Pseudomucinous cystadenocarcinoma, 13.6 per cent, and adenocarcinoma, 12.3 per cent, were next in the order of frequency of occurrence. 3.3. Of the patients alive without disease from less than 1 year to more than 5 years, 13 out of 17 had Stage I lesions, 5 out of 14 Stage II, 10 out of 15 Stage III, and 2 out of 35 Stage IV. 4.4. Our over-all 5 year survival rate is 19.8 per cent. 5.5. Patients alive without disease in other than Stage I are limited to the cystic group. Of the 17 in this category, 11 had serous cystadenocarcinoma and 6 had pseudomucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Inasmuch as the serous type of the lesion occurred almost three and one-half times as frequently as the pseudomucinous, the percentage indicates that the latter showed the better response to therapy. 6.6. Thirteen and one-half per cent of our patients have been lost to follow-up. 7.7. Six cases of multiple primary malignancy, of which one was ovarian, occurred in the series, and are briefly presented. 8.8. Management of ovarian malignancy in this clinic has been outlined. The necessity of caution when combining intraperitoneal radioactive gold, Au 198 , with external radiation is emphasized.
Contemporary Theoretical Research in Range Management: Four Outstanding Issues

In recent times, ecologists and economists have drawn attention to the fact that rangelands ought to be viewed and studied as jointly determined ecological-economic systems. However, because this observation has been rather recent, a number of theoretical issues in range management remain poorly understood. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss four of these outstanding issues.
TAK1 Signaling Downstream of PAR-1 in Endothelial Cells Restores Lung Vascular Barrier Integrity

The proinflammatory mediator thrombin increases vascular permeability by disassembling vascular endothelial adherens junctions (AJs). However, the intrinsic signaling mechanisms that mediate the reassembly of endothelial AJs are poorly understood. Here we show that transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase (TAK1) activation downstream of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) signals the reassembly of endothelial AJs. PAR-1 agonist, thrombin induced a time-dependent phosphorylation of TAK1 in lung endothelial cells (ECs). Silencing of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) suppressed thrombin-induced TAK1 phosphorylation in ECs, indicating that store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is essential for PAR-1-mediated TAK1 activation. Inhibition of TAK1 augmented thrombin-induced permeability increase both in vitro and in intact lung microvessels. Consistent with these findings, inhibition of TAK1 impaired reassembly VE-cadherin at AJs after thrombin treatment. We also observed that thrombin-induced SOCE was ...
Meteoroid impact on the lunar surface.

Simulation experiments to determine lunar surface reaction to lunar probe impact, noting impact flash, flash duration and emitted light spectrum
Absence of photodarkening in bulk, glassy As2S

We report the first observation of the absence of the photodarkening (PD) effect in bulk chalcogenide glasses. In the prototype systems ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathrm{x}}$(${\mathrm{As}}_{0.4}$${\mathrm{S}}_{0.6}$${)}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$ and ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathrm{x}}$(${\mathrm{As}}_{0.4}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{0.6}$${)}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$ the PD effect is essentially destroyed for x\ensuremath{\ge}0.01 and 0.05 for the S and Se systems, respectively. A structural model for Cu-As-Se and Cu-As-S systems is proposed, which is based upon the assumptions of covalent bonding and the absence of doping. According to this model, the absence of the PD effect indicates that medium-range interactions among the lone-pair p electrons may be important for the effect to occur. This structural model can be generalized to many other amorphous semiconducting systems.
Estimating the numbers of end users and end user programmers

In 1995, Boehm predicted that by 2005, there would be "55 million performers" of "end user programming" in the United States. The original context and method which generated this number had two weaknesses, both of which we address. First, it relies on undocumented, judgment-based factors to estimate the number of end user programmers based on the total number of end users; we address this weakness by identifying specific end user sub-populations and then estimating their sizes. Second, Boehm's estimate relies on additional undocumented, judgment-based factors to adjust for rising computer usage rates; we address this weakness by integrating fresh Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data and projections as well as a richer estimation method. With these improvements to Boehm's method, we estimate that in 2012 there will be 90 million end users in American workplaces. Of these, we anticipate that over 55 million will use spreadsheets or databases (and therefore may potentially program), while over 13 million will describe themselves as programmers, compared to BLS projections of fewer than 3 million professional programmers. We have validated our improved method by generating estimates for 2001 and 2003, then verifying that our estimates are consistent with existing estimates from other sources.
Five cases of near-miss sudden infant death syndrome and development of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Five full-term infants were referred for "near miss" sudden infant death syndrome events, which occurred between 3 and 12 weeks of age. After a complete pediatric evaluation and 24-hour polygraphic monitoring, each infant was monitored at home with a cardiorespiratory monitor. Each was followed regularly (with repeat polygraphic recordings) up to 4 years of age. All five infants developed heavy snoring at night and symptoms of obstrutive sleep apnea syndrome. The diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was confirmed by polygraphic recordings; surgery was recommended. Four of the five children underwent adenoidectomies between 3 and 4 years of age, and this significantly improved their condition. These five cases are the first polygraphically documented histories of the development of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Reducing young driver crash risk

The future is bright for reducing teen crash risk Given the dominance of private motor vehicles as the primary mode of transportation in the United States, and the country’s long romance with cars and roads, it is not surprising that obtaining a drivers license is an important milestone in the lives of most teenagers. However, driving is a dangerous activity, even for experienced drivers and particularly for young, inexperienced drivers. The dominance of motor vehicle crashes as the leading cause of injury and death among teenagers is well established, and the timing is right for a review of the current status of research on young drivers. Fortunately, support from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the Office of Research and Traffic Records of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), and the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), made it possible to organize an expert conference on the topic, which was held at the Airlie Conference Center in Northern Virginia, March 27–29, 2002. The purpose of the Young Driver Expert Conference was to provide a forum for in-depth discussions about teenage driving and how best to reduce risk of motor vehicle crashes among novice drivers. To bring focus to the discussions, experts were asked to write the papers contained in this supplement issue of Injury Prevention . Drafts of the papers were prepared in advance of the conference and shared with the participants. For each paper, a qualified expert was invited to serve as a discussant and subsequently to submit a short discussion paper for inclusion in the supplement. This forum provided for a lively and insightful discussion. Each participant was selected based on his or her relevant expertise; read the papers in advance; prepared a …
Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with increased incidence of hematologic malignancies: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Our objective was to define the risk of lymphoma, leukemia and myeloma in adult patients with SLE with a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. A literature search from 1995 to 2013 revealed eight studies evaluating this association. The outcome of interest was the standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Our study included 401 cases in a cohort of approximately 68,000 SLE patients, and showed an increased incidence of all hematologic malignancies (SIR 2.9), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR 5.7), Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR 3.1), leukemia (SIR 2.3) and myeloma (SIR 1.5) in SLE patients compared with the general population. The increased SIR was consistent regardless of age, sex or geographical region.
Feeding and boring behavior of the bark beetle,Ips paraconfusus, in extracts of ponderosa pine phloem

MaleIps paraconfusus Lanier bored and fed in cellulose powder substrates treated with solvent extracts of ponderosa pine phloem in preference to cellulose powder alone. Stimuli that elicit boring and feeding behavior occurred in the water extracts and the combined solvent extracts. No significant boring or feeding occurred in the methanol extract. There was a preference for, but no significant feeding in, the water partition of the ether extract. Feeding, but no preferential boring, occurred in the ether extracts.
Kinetics of aquation of Cis- and trans-tetrachlorodipyridineiridate(III) anions and chloride anation of cis- and trans-trichloroaquodipyridineiridium(III)☆

Abstract The kinetics of the reactions trans- Ir(py) 2 Cl 4 −4 + H 2 O ⇌ k31 k13 trans- Ir(py) 2 OH 2 Cl 3 + Cl − were studied in 0·01–3·7 F HCl or HClO 4 (μ = 0·01–3·7, NaCl and/or NaClO 4 ) at 110·00°C. In 0·5 F HCl (μ = 3·7), k 13 = (8±1) × 10 −5 sec −1 and k 31 = (4·4 ± 0·8) × 10 −4 M −1 sec −1 , nearly independent of C 0 (0·02-0·5 mF), [H + ] (0·1-0·5 F, at 1·7 F Cl − ), and [Cl − ] (0·5-3·7 F H + ); increase of μ(0·5-3·7) increases k 31 , but has only a small effect on k 13 . The kinetics of aquation of cis -Ir(py) 2 -Cl 4 − was examined in 1–2·5 F HClO 4 (μ = 1–3·7, NaClO 4 ) at 90–110°C. The products are 5% trans -, 28% cis (sun)-, and 67% cis (autoclave)-Ir(py) 2 (OH 2 )Cl 3 ; the former is formed directly, but relative amounts of the latter two isomers are apparently determined by their faster isomerization. The total aquation rate constant is (1·3 ± 0·1) × 10 −4 sec −1 at 110·00°C in 1 F HClO 4 (μ = 3·7), nearly independent of C 0 (0·02-1·6 mF), [H + ](1–2·5 F), and μ(1–3·7); E a = 34 ± 4 kcal mole −1 , log PZ (sec −1 ) = 15·5 ± 2·3. Chloride anation of cis (autoclave)-Ir(py) 2 (OH 2 )Cl 3 is complicated by competing isomerization. At 110·00°C the anation rate constant appears to be ca. 2 × 10 −4 M −1 sec −1 in 1 F H + (μ = 3·7) from 0·5-3·7 F Cl − . Accurate u.v. and visible absorption spectra of the complexes are presented.
AM2020—5050: An Elliptical Galaxy with an Outer Ring

Photometric and spectroscopic observations show that the inner component of AM2020—5050 is an elliptical galaxy, unlike other polar-ring galaxies which have an SO disk at the center. A comparison of the central velocity dispersion with the rotational velocity in the ring suggests the presence of a nearly spherical gravitational potential. The inner component has a rapidly rotating core with rotational velocities at 3″ substantially higher than at 8″. Although the optical ring is quite narrow, Hα emission is observed all the way through the center of the galaxy, indicating the presence of an extended gaseous disk.
Improving socialization for high school students with ASD by using their preferred interests.

There has been a paucity of research on effective social interventions for adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in inclusive high school settings. The literature, however, suggests that incorporating the student with ASD’s special interests into activities may help improve their socialization with typical peers. Within the context of a multiple baseline across participants design, we implemented lunchtime activities incorporating the adolescent with ASD’s preferred interests that were similar to ongoing activities already available at the schools. Results showed this increased both level of engagement and their rate of initiations made to typical peers. Social validation measures suggest that both adolescents with ASD and typical peers enjoyed participating in these activities and that the results generalized to other similar activities.
Work in progress: Application design on touch screen mobile computers (TSMC) to improve autism instruction

This study identifies the areas of autism therapy that can be enhanced by using a touch screen mobile computer (TSMC) device to facilitate autistic children's learning experience. At an affordable price range, the simple touch screen of a TSMC has an immediate cause and effect response that enables these students to be more independent during the learning process. These key factors make the TSMC an ideal supplement for autism therapy in the classroom and for skill reinforcement at home. However, to identify a correct starting point is crucial for the success of this research. Our study aims to explore the most effective application design areas using a TSMC as an instructional tool for autistic children. To determine this direction, four main steps were identified. These steps include reviewing current literature on autism deficits, evaluating the interaction design of the TSMC, analyzing existing TSMC applications currently available, and designing a prototype application for evaluation. This paper reports our model of information processing interruption in autism learning, our target zones of instruction based on the literature review of autism deficits, and introduces our implementation plan of the application design to enhance autism therapy.
Projection pursuit analysis of hyperspectral scenes

Principal Components Analysis is very effective at compressing information in multivariate data sets by computing orthogonal projections that maximize the amount of signal variance. Unfortunately, information content in hyperspectral images does not always coincide with such projections. We propose the application of Projection Pursuit, which seeks to find a set of orthogonal projections that are 'interesting' in the sense that they deviate from the Gaussian distribution assumption. Once these projections are obtained, they can be used for image compression, segmentation, or enhancement for visual analysis. To find these projections we follow a 2-step iterative process where we first search for a projection that maximizes a projection index based on the divergence of the projection's estimated probability distribution from the Gaussian distribution, and then reduce the rank by projecting the data onto the subspace orthogonal to the previous projections. To find the projection that maximizes the index, a novel approach is taken which does not use an optimization algorithm, but rather searches for a solution by obtaining a set of candidate projections from the data and choosing the one with the highest projection index. This method is shown to work with simulated examples as well as data for the Hyperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment.
Isopropanol and acetone induces vinyl chloride degradation in Rhodococcus rhodochrous

In situ bioremediation of vinyl chloride (VC)-contaminated waste sites requires a microorganism capable of degrading VC. While propane will induce an oxygenase to accomplish this goal, its use as a primary substrate in bioremediation is complicated by its flammability and low water solubility. This study demonstrates that two degradation products of propane, isoproponal and acetone, can induce the enzymes in Rhodococcus rhodochrous that degrade VC. Additionally, a reasonable number of cells for bioremediation can be grown on conventional solid bacteriological media (nutrient agar, tryptic soy agar, plate count agar) in an average microbiological laboratory and then induced to produce the necessary enzymes by incubation of a resting cell suspension with isopropanol or acetone. Since acetone is more volatile than isopropanol and has other undesirable characteristics, isopropanol is the inducer of choice. It offers a non-toxic, water-soluble, relatively inexpensive alternative to propane for in situ bioremediation of waste sites contaminated with VC.
LIGA fabrication and test of a DC type magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) micropump

This paper reports a research effort to design, microfabricate and test a DC type magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) micropump using LIGA method (Menz et al., 1991). The micropump is driven using the Lorentz force and can be used to deliver electrically conductive fluids. In operation, a DC voltage is supplied across the electrodes to generate the distributed body force on the fluid in the pumping chamber, and therefore a constant pressure difference along the pumping chamber. The external magnetic field was supplied using permanent magnets. The major advantage of a MHD-based micropump is that it does not contain any moving parts. It may have potential applications in medicine delivery, biological and biomedical studies. The test of the DC prototype micropump shows that bubble generation mechanism affect the performance significantly and an AC driving mechanism may be used to improve the performance.
Dietary threonine requirement of juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus.

The dietary lysine requirement of juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus was reevaluated in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, lyophilized red drum muscle was combined with an L-form crystalline amino acid premix to yield diets containing approximately 35% protein on a dry-matter basis. Gradations (0.25%) of L-lysine HCl were added to the basal diet containing approximately 1.0% lysine. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile red drum initially weighing 6–7 g for 8 weeks. Based on growth and feed efficiency data, the lysine requirement (±SE) was determined to be 1.55% (±0.079%) of dry diet or 4.430% of dietary protein. In a second experiment, the lysine requirement of red drum was investigated with diets containing 35% intact protein from zein and red drum muscle. Each of the zein-based diets containing incremental levels of lysine was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile red drum initially weighing 1–2 g for 8 weeks. A crystalline amino acid test diet serving as a control in this experiment significantly outperformed the zein-based diets, and palatability of those diets was questionable due to an obvious change in feeding behavior of the fish. Due to the inferior performance of the fish fed the zein-based diets, the authors were not successful in determining a requirement with these diets. Thus, a lysine requirement of 1.55% of dry diet (4.43% of dietary protein) as determined in the first experiment is recommended for juvenile red drum.
Factors of Importance for Regulation of Uterine Contractile Activity

The myometrium of mammals consists of smooth muscle, having differing origin, structure and function. Isolated strips from human uterus show different patterns of contraction and different reactions to drugs if the strips are taken from different regions of the uterus. In the rat the myometrium is clearly separated in two layers - one outer longitudinal and one inner circular muscle. These two muscles show differing patterns of contraction. In the longitudinal layer there is a gradual increase in frequency and coordination of contraction towards the end of the gestation. The circular muscle contracts with high frequency and low amplitude until 3--4 days before delivery, when the contractions become more regular, less frequent and greater in amplitude. On day 21, immediately before parturition, spontaneous activity diminishes appreciably, but when delivery begins, strong, regular contractions are again evident. The electrical activity too differs in longitudinal vis-a-vis circular muscle; in the latter there are, as a pregnancy proceeds, characteristic changes in the action potentials. The changes in spontaneous contractions are not explained by changes in the overall ability of the muscle to contract, or of the calcium sensitivity of the muscles, but may be due to variations in the resting membrance potential. D-600, an agent known to reduce calcium influx, was found to reduce the contraction of circular muscle more than that of longitudinal muscle, whereas isoprenaline had a stronger inhibitory effect on the longitudinal than on the circular muscle.
IN VIVO steroid biogenesis and metabolism in the human term placenta 1. IN SITU placental perfusion with isotopic pregnenolone

Abstract Three human term placentas have been perfused in situ with labeled pregnenolone. Perfusions were performed at the time of elective repeat cesarean section, prior to the onset of labor. Placentas and venous effluents were separately analyzed. As is true in midtrimester placentas, rapid and extensive conversion to progesterone was effected by the placenta. In addition to progesterone, 6 β-hydroxyprogesterone was identified.
Juxtafacet cysts of the cervical spine

Objective We report a retrospective series of 13 patients who presented with symptoms and signs caused by cervical juxtafacet cysts. Clinical findings, radiographic features, surgical management strategies, and possible causes are reported and discussed. Methods We reviewed clinical histories, radiographic studies, surgical notes, and pathological records of all 13 patients who underwent surgery for subaxial cervical juxtafacet cysts from 1984 to 1997 at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. During the summer of 1997, surgical outcomes were assessed by direct or telephone interview. Results Nine patients were men and four were women. The average age at the time of presentation was 66 years. One patient had undergone a previous anterior cervical fusion below the level of the cyst. Ten patients presented with radiculopathies. Two patients presented with myeloradiculopathies. One patient presented with a cervical myelopathy. Computed tomographic myelography and magnetic resonance imaging were essential in establishing a preoperative diagnosis. The cysts were located at C7-T1 in nine patients, at C4-C5 in two patients, at C6-C7 in one patient, and at C3-C4 in one patient. All patients underwent posterior laminectomy or hemilaminectomy, excision of the cyst, and decompression of the thecal sac and/or nerve root. Two patients underwent concurrent posterior fusion procedures for instability. All patients experienced good to excellent relief of their radicular pain. All three myelopathies stabilized after surgery. There were no major complications or recurrences. Conclusion Juxtafacet cysts seem to be a degenerative change of the cervical spine rather than a traumatic event. Similar to their counterparts in the lumbar spine, they tend to arise in segments with increased mobility. Surgical treatment is effective.
Pericardial Fat Is Independently Associated With Human Atrial Fibrillation

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and pericardial fat. Background Pericardial fat is visceral adipose tissue that possesses inflammatory properties. Inflammation and obesity are associated with AF, but the relationship between AF and pericardial fat is unknown. Methods Pericardial fat volume was measured using computed tomography in 273 patients: 76 patients in sinus rhythm, 126 patients with paroxysmal AF, and 71 patients with persistent AF. Results Patients with AF had significantly more pericardial fat compared with patients in sinus rhythm (101.6 ± 44.1 ml vs. 76.1 ± 36.3 ml, p Conclusions Pericardial fat volume is highly associated with paroxysmal and persistent AF independent of traditional risk factors including left atrial enlargement. Whether pericardial fat plays a role in the pathogenesis of AF requires future investigation.
Phlebotomy-induced anemia alters hippocampal neurochemistry in neonatal mice.

Phlebotomy-induced anemia (PIA) is common in preterm infants. The hippocampus undergoes rapid differentiation during late fetal/early neonatal life and relies on adequate oxygen and iron to support oxidative metabolism necessary for development. Anemia shortchanges these two critical substrates, potentially altering hippocampal development and function. PIA (hematocrit <25%) was induced in neonatal mice pups from postnatal day (P)3 to P14. Neurochemical concentrations in the hippocampus were determined using in vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy at 9.4T and compared with control animals at P14. Gene expression was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). PIA decreased brain iron concentration, increased hippocampal lactate and creatine concentrations, and decreased phosphoethanolamine (PE) concentration and the phosphocreatine/creatine ratio. Hippocampal transferrin receptor (Tfrc) gene expression was increased, while the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IIα (CamKIIα) was decreased in PIA mice. This clinically relevant model of neonatal anemia alters hippocampal energy and phospholipid metabolism and gene expression during a critical developmental period. Low target hematocrits for preterm neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may have potential adverse neural implications.
Emergency Medical Services as a Strategy for Improving ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction System Treatment Times

Abstract Background Reducing delays in time to treatment is a key goal of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) emergency care. Emergency medical services (EMS) are a critical component of the STEMI chain of survival. Study Objective We sought to assess the impact of the careful integration of EMS as a strategy for improving systemic treatment times for STEMI. Methods We conducted a study of all 747 nontransfer STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Dallas County, Texas from October 1, 2010 through December 31, 2011. EMS leaders from 24 agencies and 15 major PCI receiving hospitals collected and shared common, de-identified patient data. We used 15 months of data to develop a generalized linear regression to assess the impact of EMS on two treatment metrics—hospital door to balloon (D2B) time, and symptom onset to arterial reperfusion (SOAR) time, a new metric we developed to assess total treatment times. Results We found statistically significant reductions in median D2B (11.1-min reduction) and SOAR (63.5-min reduction) treatment times when EMS transported patients to the receiving facility, compared to self-transport. In addition, when trained EMS paramedics field-activated the cardiac catheterization laboratory using predefined specified protocols, D2B times were reduced by 38% (43 min) after controlling for confounding variables, and field activation was associated with a 21.9% reduction (73 min) in the mean SOAR time (both with p Conclusion Active EMS engagement in STEMI treatment was associated with significantly lower D2B and total coronary reperfusion times.
The ability to perform physically challenging songs predicts age and size in male swamp sparrows, Melospiza georgiana

Selection should favour female preferences for reliable signals of male quality when such preferences result in benefits to females. Research on bird song suggests that, because song is costly to produce or sustain, females are obtaining accurate information about male quality through song preferences. Females have been shown to express mating preferences for three general categories of costly song features: song output, song complexity and geographical variation. A novel mechanism for the reliability of song is suggested by constraints on the ability to produce rapid, broadband trills (i.e. ‘vocal performance’). In several species of birds, females show a preference for superior vocal performance, supporting a key prediction of the hypothesis that vocal performance, like other features of song, may be a reliable indicator of male quality. In this study, I further test this hypothesis by investigating whether female swamp sparrows' preference for vocal performance is favoured by selection because it reliably reflects male quality. I found that vocal performance in male swamp sparrows was correlated with age and size, measured as mass. By preferring males with superior vocal performance, female swamp sparrows may obtain direct and indirect benefits by mating with older larger males. These results support the hypothesis that vocal performance in swamps sparrows is a reliable indicator of male quality.
Behavior of linear reconstruction techniques on unstructured meshes

Abstract : This report presents an assessment of a variety of reconstruction schemes on meshes with both quadrilateral and triangular tessellations. The investigations measure the order of accuracy, absolute error and convergence properties associated with each method. Linear reconstruction approaches using both Green-Gauss and least squares gradient estimation are evaluated against a structured MUSCL scheme wherever possible. In addition to examining the influence of polygon degree and reconstruction strategy, results with three limiters are examined and compared against unlimited results when feasible. The methods are applied on quadrilateral, right triangular, and equilateral triangular elements in order to facilitate an examination of the scheme behavior on a variety of element shapes. The numerical test cases include well known internal and external inviscid examples and also a supersonic vortex problem for which there exists a closed form solution to the 2-D compressible Euler equations. Such investigations indicate that the least squares gradient estimation provides significantly more reliable results on poor quality meshes. Furthermore, limiting only the face normal component of the gradient can significantly increase both accuracy and convergence while still preserving the integral cell average, and maintaining monoticity. The first order method performs poorly on stretched triangular meshes, and analysis shows that such meshes result in poorly aligned left and right states for the Riemann problem. The higher average valence of a vertex in the triangular tessellations does not appear to enhance the wave propagation, accuracy, or convergence properties of the method. Unstructured, Upwind, Inviscid, Reconstruction, Limiters, Riemann problems.
Attitudes regarding Health Education in Education Students

The author sought explanations for the differences between results of a Health Education Survey taken by education students at the beginning and end of a semester-long Elementary Health Education c...
Visualization products on-demand through the Web

We describe our efforts in providing REINAS (Realtime Environmental Information Network and Analysis System) weather visualization products on demand through the web. As the REINAS research enterprise transition into operational mode, there is increasing demand for wide and effective distribution of results. To meet this demand, we provide weather products on the web as both images and VRML worlds. The viewer selects geographic extents and time range, as well as specific weather products. Data is then pulled out of the database based on the user’s specifications and fed to the visualization tools to produce the image or VRML file. This paper describes the architecture of this end-to-end system for delivering sensor and forecast data through the database and to the public as VRML-based visualization products.
Synchronization and demodulation programming projects to accompany a first course on digital communications

This paper describes a series of programming assignments associated with a first course on digital communications. The programs build upon one another and progress toward an innovative final programming project that is completed during the last six weeks of the semester. Using black-and-white (1 bit per pixel) images as the message bits to be transmitted, the instructor synthesizes a set of modulated signals that are subject to different types of impairments including amplitude variations, carrier phase and frequency offsets, data clock phase and frequency offsets, additive Gaussian noise, and combinations of these impairments. Students write signal processing receiver algorithms including automatic gain control, and carrier recovery and timing recovery phase locked loops. Students apply their programs to the signals created by the instructor and recover the images. This project helps students internalize concepts taught during lecture sessions.
Diffusion coefficients in hydrocarbon systems: n-Hexane in the gas phase of the methane—, ethane—, and propane—n-hexane systems

Experimental information concerning the molecular transport of the lighter hydrocarbons in the gas phase is limited. For this reason a study was made of the Maxwell diffusion coefficients of n-hexane in the gas phase of the methane-n-hexane, and propane-n-hexane systems. Maxwell diffusion coefficients were determined at steady state for pressures up to 70 lb./sq. in. at temperatures between 70° and 220° F. The effects of interfacial resistance were considered and uncertainties as to the behavior at the end of the transport path were eliminated. Coefficients were reported with partial pressure and with fugacity as the potential. Fick diffusion coefficients were calculated for each component on the assumption that the gas phase was an ideal solution. These data indicated that the Maxwell hypothesis with fugacity as the potential in an ideal solution is a fair description of the transport characteristics of the lighter hydrocarbons in the gas phase at relatively low pressures. A regular decrease in the Maxwell diffusion coefficient with an increase in the molecular weight of the stagnant component was observed.
Reducing the retrieval time of scatter storage techniques

A new method for entering and retrieving information in a hash table is described. The method is intended to be efficient if most entries are looked up several times. The expected number of probes to look up an entry, predicted theoretically and verified by Monte Carlo experiments, is considerably less than for other comparable methods if the table is nearly full. An example of a possible Fortran implementation is given.
Cheating in the Classroom: Beyond Policing.

Regrettably, cheating is widespread on all levels of our educational system. Effective monitoring and judicial review processes that ensure that students who cheat are subjected to appropriate disc...
The psychoneuroendocrinology of the ovulatory cycle of woman: a review.

This review has as its objective to show that the mammalian specifically human ovulatory cycle is subject to many influences which can alter its inherent rhythmicity. This cyclicity is in essence a displaying of a pattern that is endogenously driven but which is also subjected to and subject to exogenous influences that alter the basic endogenous rhythm. This literature review is in 2 sections. The first discusses 7 major aspects of the endogenous nature of the primate ovulatory cycle: 1) natural rhythmicity of the ovaries; 2) steroid production and control; 3) gonadotropin production and control; 4) prolactin production effects and control; 5) monoamine control of the gonadotropins; 6) autonomic innervation of ovarian tissue; and 7) metabolic influence on ovarian cyclicity. This section concludes with a summary of the endogenous aspects of the ovulatory rhythm. Secton 2 reviews 3 exogenous influences of fertility: 1) nutritional influences; 2) geophysical influences; and 3) childbearing and lactation influences on subsequent ovulation.
A long trail of serendipity-directed research on photosynthetic bacteria

“When you are young, you want all new knowledge to fit into the theories of the time (‘the dogma of the day’). Happily, this is not the way it always happens in the real world”. [Roberts, R.M. (1989) Serendipity/Accidental Discoveries in Science, John Wiley, NY, p. viii]. Why? Because serendipity is alive and well. This paper is a personal account of how serendipity directed a trail of research on photosynthetic bacteria from 1947 to 1992.
The developmental complex of "parachute mitral valve", supravalvular ring of left atrium, subaortic stenosis, and coarctation of aorta

Abstract A developmental complex is described in which four obstructive anomalies of the left side of the heart and aorta coexist. These anomalies are (1) parachute mitral valve; (2) supravalvular ring of left atrium; (3) subaortic stenosis of either the muscular or membranous type; and (4) coarctation of the aorta. Eight cases form the basis of this report. In 2 cases, each of the four anomalies was present; all of the other 6 cases represent partial forms of the complex, or formes frustes, in that only two or three of the anomalies were present. The clinical picture is compounded of the effects of the several anomalies of the complex and of the frequent association with still other anomalies, including ventricular septal defect.
Discrete modeling of minimal surfaces

A new computer approach to the modeling of minimal surfaces is described and implemented. Quasimolecular particles and forces are used to simulate actual molecular structure and forces. Detailed formulas and computer techniques are given. As an example, the approximation of the unique minimal surface through a skew quadrilateral is constructed and displayed.
The effect of discrete and diffused surface layers on the mechanical properties of crystals

Abstract The influence of discrete and diffused surface layers on the initiation and movement of dislocations is studied. The analysis describes conditions for (1) dislocations to reach the surface, (2) intense dislocation sources to exist at the interface and (3) the accumulation of dislocations which might lead to delamination. The variables considered are (a) the relative elastic stiffness of the surface with respect to the bulk, (b) the stress for yielding and (c) the strain for yielding. The properties of the surface-bulk composite are dependent on the region in which dislocations are initiated and how the dislocations are dispersed in the force field. The complexities of compositional gradient surface layers are also considered. Fatigue test results are shown on specimens of copper with coatings such as nickel, zinc, silver, gold and aluminum. Other variables of the experiments are film thickness and diffusion treatments. Scanning electron microscopy studies are compared with the changes in fatigue lifetime. The model and experimental results agree well and increases and decreases in fatigue lifetime appear to be predictable if the mechanical and physical properties of the materials in the system are known.
A Darwinian function for the orbital cortex.

Abstract The relationship between evolutionary theory and human psychobiology suffers from a lack of bridging theory concerning Darwinian brain functions. This problem is addressed within the context of the theory that the human brain calculates Darwinian strategies for the long-term organization of behavior. This theory of brain function is tested using the literature of abnormal psychology, particularly phenotypes that appear to lack strategic evaluation of fitness outcomes. It is argued that sociopaths lack such "fitness-calculation", and therefore their behavior leads to reduced fitness, notwithstanding the absence of psychiatric pathology. Accidental, surgical, and congenital lesions to the orbital cortex of the frontal lobes can produce similar behavior, suggesting that the orbital cortex is the seat of strategic fitness-calculation. This bridge between Darwinian theory and brain function opens the way for formal theories of human behavior couched in terms of immanent Darwinian calculation.
The distribution of several amino acids in specific ganglia and nerve bundles of the lobster.

Using the technique of measuring DNP-amino acid methyl esters by gas-liquid chromatography, the distribution of alanine, proline, glycine, GABA, glutamate and aspartate was determined in individual ganglia and the associated nerve bundles between these ganglia after isolation from the nervous system of the lobster, Homarus americanus. The brain or supraesophageal ganglion (27.2 mg) and the next 5 thoracic ganglia (varying from 24 to 10 mg in a rostral–caudal direction) as well as the nerve bundles connecting these ganglia were used. GABA and aspartate values varied the most among the individual ganglia; highest values were found in the second and third thoracic ganglia. The levels of alanine, proline, glycine and glutamate varied very little from ganglion to ganglion; however, the values for these amino acids did exhibit some variability among the individual connectives. The highest value for each was in the nerve bundle between the first and second thoracic ganglion. Glycine was present at the highest level of any of the amino acids whereas GABA was at the lowest level in the individual structures assayed.
Pregnant and Parenting Adolescents’ Perception of Sources and Supports in Relation to Educational Goals

Scant research has directly asked pregnant and parenting adolescents what sources and types of support they feel are important for achieving educational goals, which is important for parenting education programs. The current study examines the most highly valued sources and types of support among 54 pregnant and parenting adolescents attending an alternative school to determine if the valuations of these supports differ depending on level of educational goals. Results reinforce the importance of close formal and informal relationships. The most highly ranked types of support center on childcare whereas the lowest ranked sources deal with the adolescent’s future career. Limitations and implications for the study are discussed.
Immunosuppressive properties of chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide.

Abstract Chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide (CQS), a sulfanilamide derivative with antitumor activity, was found to be toxic to lymphoid tissue during preclinical studies. The mechanism of this toxicity appears to involve profound inhibition of lymphocyte activation. Incubation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) with CQS decreased cellular incorporation of thymidine and deoxyuridine in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry indicated that CQS blocked movement out of the G 0 G 1 phase. Drug-treated cells were smaller and expressed fewer receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2) and transferrin than untreated mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. These observations support the notion that CQS has cell cycle specificity in regulating lymphocyte proliferation. As little as 10 μM CQS markedly inhibited both human lymphocyte and murine CTLL cell replication in response to IL-2 containing growth factors. However, CQS did not block secretion of IL-2 into culture supernatant fractions by human PBMNCs. Finally, CQS inhibited in vitro production of immunoglobulins G and M by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, primarily by causing cytotoxicity. In all of these drug effects, CQS was approximately one to two logs more potent than the parent compound, sulfaquinoxaline (SQ). These studies indicate that CQS inhibits essential basic processes in human lymphocytes. This agent may find use as an immunosuppressive drug.
Methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibition: antiangiogenesis and tumour therapy

Methionine, used to initiate protein synthesis in eukaryotes, is largely recovered as a co-translational hydrolysis event catalysed by two related enzymes, methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP)1 and 2. One of these, MetAP2, is covalently modified, and thus catalytically inactivated, by a class of drugs related to the fungal polyene antibiotic, fumagillin. This irreversible inhibition results in cell cycle arrest in endothelial cells (as well as a number of other cells) and prevents vascular growth. TNP-470, a member of this group, has been examined in clinical trials. Thus, these and other inhibitors of MetAP2, are a part of the growing class of antiangiogenic drugs with potential for treating cancer and other diseases related to neovascularisation. A large class of non-peptidic reversible inhibitors, as well as antisense and dominant-negative inhibitors, have been developed toward this end.
Influence of cyclic AMP on the growth response and anaerobic metabolism of carbon monoxide in Rhodocyclus gelatinosus

Rhodocyclus gelatinosus strain 1 (str. 1), a photoheterotrophic bacterium, used CO as an energy substrate under anaerobic CO/light conditions, and exhibited a diauxic growth response when CO was removed from the culture. Changes in the level of cyclic AMP which occurred in cells during diauxie suggested that the cyclic nucleotide operated as an intracellular control molecule. During CO/light-phase growth, intracellular cyclic AMP was 30 pmol/mg protein, and, as str. 1 adapted for photosynthetic growth after removal of CO, intracellular cyclic AMP levels decreased to 9 pmol/mg protein. Reexposure of a light culture to CO induced synthesis of CO oxidation activity (measured as CO:MV oxidoreductase). If 10 mM cyclic AMP was added with CO, the rate of synthesis of CO:MV oxidoreductase activity increased 25-fold, and str. 1 produced 1,230 units of activity (nmol CO oxidized min-1 mg-1 protein) after only 1 h. With cyclic AMP and no CO, no incerease in CO oxidation activity was seen. Appearance of CO oxidation activity in str. 1 represented de novo protein synthesis and was blocked with chloramphenicol. In addition to stimulating formation of CO oxidative activity, a high level of cyclic AMP in str. 1 during growth with CO appeared to influence photometabolism negatively by repressing bacteriochlorophyll formation.
Metabolism considerations for kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment

Importance of the field: A concerted effort by the pharmaceutical industry over the last decade has led to the successful clinical development of protein kinase inhibitors as effective targeted the...
Influences on assertiveness: gender, national culture, and ethnicity

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to assertiveness research and assess the differences in assertiveness as it relates to gender, national culture, and ethnicity. Design/methodology/approach – The data for the study are from 231 undergraduate students majoring in business at one of four academic institutions: three in the USA and one in the Republic of Vietnam. Students completed the 30-item Rathus Assertiveness Schedule. Findings – This research suggests that individuals who are alike in level of education and status demonstrate similar levels of assertiveness, regardless of gender, national culture, or ethnicity. However, differences were seen as the data show white American males to be the most assertive, with African American females next. White females ranked third, followed by Vietnamese females, concluding with Vietnamese males. Research limitations/implications – Although the sample size is small, the intent of this research was never to have the subjects represent the general po...