cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sequential strategies in dual control problems

In this chapter* we show how some of the concepts we have developed in our work on duopoly can be applied to other types of decision problems In particular, we will apply our methodology to some problems in control theory. As indicated in chapter 3, we believe that control theory is appropriate for building mathematical models of the firm. We will develop an extension of the usual linear-quadratic, stochastic control problems in discrete time (Simon 1956; DeGroot 1970, sec. 14.10; Chow 1975; Whittle 1982) to problems in which there are two decision-makers or players, both of whom are trying to control the same stochastic system in order to maximize their own individual payoffs or, equivalently, to minimize their own individual losses. The control problems we shall be considering can be regarded as a special class of non-zero-sum, two-person games (for other applications see Grossman 1975a; Fogelman-Soulie, Munier, and Shakun 1983).
Over-constrained rigid multibody systems: differential kinematics and fault tolerance

Over-constrained parallel manipulators can be used for fault tolerance. This paper derives the differential kinematics and static force model for a general over-constrained rigid multibody system. The result shows that the redundant constraints result in constrained active joints and redundant internal force. By incorporating these constraints, general methods for overcoming stuck legs or even the complete loss of legs are derived. The Stewart platform special case is studied as an example, and the relationship between its forward Jacobian and its inverse Jacobian is also found.
Tissue distribution of lead in the neonatal rat exposed to multiple doses of lead acetate

The tissue distribution of lead (Pb) was examined in the neonatal rat intragastrically administered lead acetate (50 mg/kg, containing 210Pb) beginning on d 6 postpartum and thereafter at 3-d intervals to d 18. A time-dependent pattern of uptake was observed in bone, kidney, liver, and brain, while stomach, lung, heart, and spleen had no accumulation of Pb. The highest concentration of Pb at d 21 was detected in bone, and the least amount was found in blood and brain. Body weight was not significantly affected by the level of Pb exposure employed.
Analysis of single lap adhesive composite joints with delaminated adherends

Polymer composites have high potential for applications in repair of aerospace structures. Adhesively bonded composite patches minimize balance and clearance problems on control surfaces and can be readily formed to complex aircraft contours. Delamination in composites can be detrimental to joint performance and durability and should be accounted for in joint design. In this work, a simple engineering model is developed for cracked adhesive joints with arbitrary orthotropic laminated adherends. Joints with unidirectional and cross-ply adherends are analyzed and compared as an example. Variations of the strain energy release rates with the crack location and size are calculated. It is shown that joints with the cross-ply adherends have higher energy release rates than the joints with the unidirectional adherends. Experimental observations of the delamination growth are also performed and found to corroborate the theoretical predictions.
Assessing the 2ω pe instability and other preheat considerations in ignition-scale hohlraums

In recent experiments[1] Sean Regan, et. al. for the first time observed the 2ωpe instability from window plasma in hohlraum targets. This instability can also operate[2] at peak power near the edge of the inner beams in the ablator plasma and near the edge of the outer beams in the liner plasma. Fortunately only a small fraction of the laser energy was estimated to be at risk. A more quantitative assessment of the energy at risk at peak power will here be given. We show that the instability threshold can be significantly reduced for laser beams with an angle of incidence of about 60 degrees due to the swelling of the laser field near its turning point. A simple model is given. It is also shown that for frequently cited plasma conditions, the Raman-scattered light wave can itself drive the 2ωpeinstability. This effect is relevant for the nonlinear saturation of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and the resulting heated electron generation. Some estimates are given. Finally we conclude with a few remarks about hot electron preheat.
A maximum-likelihood interpretation of batch means estimators

We show how the classical batch means estimator of the variance parameter of a strictly stationary dependent stochastic process can be viewed as a maximum likelihood estimator based on asymptotic properties of the standardized time series of observations from the process.
I. Pulmonary-CO2 ventilatory reflex in dogs: Effective range of CO2 and results of vagal cooling

Abstract Bartoli et al. (1974) found in dogs with constant Pa CO 2 that an increase in P CO 2 in the vascularly isolated lungs increased ventilatory drive by a vagal reflex. We have examined the range of lung P CO 2 over which the reflex operates. In anesthetized dogs we ventilated the lungs separately with O 2 , maintaining gas exchange with the right lung. When we occluded the left pulmonary artery, left lung P CO 2 fell to 2–4 mm Hg, and phrenic nerve firing decreased significantly. Phrenic activity increased again when left lung P CO 2 was raised in steps to 19, 32 and finally to 50 mm Hg. Pa CO 2 was unchanged. Phrenic responses were abolished by cutting the left vagus nerve or by cooling it to 7–8°C. The largest increase in phrenic activity occurred when left lung P CO 2 was increased from 2 to 19 mm Hg, and the smallest when P CO 2 was raised from 32 to 50 mm Hg. Hence the significance of the pulmonary-CO 2 ventilatory relfex may lie in depression of ventilatory drive when pulmonary CO 2 falls below normal, rather than in stimulation of breathing when pulmonary CO 2 increases above normal.
Quasiparticle and phonon lifetimes in superconducting Pb films

The effective quasiparticle recombination lifetime in superconducting Pb films has been measured using Pb-oxide-Pb tunnel junctions and is consistent with the assumption that phonon lifetimes dominate the quasiparticle density relaxation. No evidence is found of the inelastic phonon processes suggested by Schuller and Gray.
Saline-expanded group O uncrossmatched packed red blood cells as an initial resuscitation fluid in severe shock.

Despite an excellent military experience with the use of the "universal donor" as an immediately available blood component, considerable reluctance to use uncrossmatched Group O packed cells (TOB) remains. In addition, problems continue with rapid blood acquisition in the emergency department. To study the safety of TOB used as an immediate resuscitation component, a 30-month prospective study of all patients arriving at a single truama unit was undertaken. By protocol TOB (O−, female; O+, male) was delivered to the shock room prior to patient arrival and was expanded to 500 mL by adding 250 mL prewarmed saline (39.4 C) to the existing RBC unit. Transfusion was ordered on clinical signs of Class III or Class IV hemorrhage. Ninety-nine patients entered the protocol, receiving a total of 1,136 unit of blood (11.5 units/patient). Four hundred ten units (4.1 units/patient) of uncrossmatched blood were administered on patient arrival — 322 units of TOB and 88 units of type-specific blood (TSB). Seven patients (7.4%) had prior transfusion, and 14 (58%) women had prior pregnancies. Complications included disseminated intravascular coagulation, 12%; adult respiratory distress syndrome, 8%; and hepatitis, 1%. Forty-nine patients (49%) required massive transfusion (> 10 units/24 hr). All patients were followed clinically and by the blood bank for any signs of transfusion reactions or incompatibility throughout their hospital courses; none developed. There were no deaths related to transfusion incompatibility. We conclude that TOB used as an immediate resuscitative blood component is safe. When TOB is given as packed cells, the problems with transfusion of large quantities of antibodies potentially present in the donor serum of whole blood can be avoided. TOB can be transfused universally with the advantage of being available immediately. Subsequent transfusion of TSB and/or fully crossmatched blood can occur without late crossmatching difficulties or sequelae. Lastly, the need for immediate transfusion in a trauma resuscitation can be used as an alerting tool that the patient will require large amounts of blood and component products.
Human T lymphocytes express a protein-tyrosine kinase homologous to p56LSTRA

We have used oligonucleotide probes, based on a portion of the p60v-src autophosphorylation sequence, Glu-Asp-Asn-Glu-Tyr-Thr, to identify and characterize a cDNA from the human T-leukemia cell line, JURKAT. The JURKAT cDNA (designated ptk-JURKAT) was homologous to but distinct from the src, yes and fgr oncogenes, which encode protein-tyrosine kinases (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37). The ptk-JURKAT cDNA hybridized with a 2.2 kb RNA transcript from JURKAT cells and the human T-cell lymphoma line, MOLT-4, but failed to identify any transcript in two human B-cell lymphoma lines or a human erythroid-myeloid leukemia line, K562. Recently the nucleotide sequence has been established for the murine lymphocyte protein tyrosine kinase, p56LSTRA. The ptk-JURKAT cDNA appears to encode the human homolog of p56LSTRA.
The Back-Lighted Thyratron

This chapter reviews a new optically triggered pseudospark-type switch that operates with characteristics that are useful for certain high power, high pulse energy applications. The optically triggered pseudospark described here is referred to as a back lighted thyratron (BLT), a name that is indicative of its method of operation as well as the super-dense glow characteristic of its discharge (Kirkman and Gundersen, 1986; Kirkman et al., 1988a). Optical gating or triggering of high power switches is useful for applications requiring low jitter and/or optical isolation of the trigger. Laser initiated high power, high pulse energy switches previously developed include the laser-triggered spark gap (Pendleton and Guenther, 1965; Guenther and Bettis, 1971). The laser triggering mechanism for the laser triggered spark gap normally utilizes a focused laser which produces a small plasma either at the surface of one electrode (Williams and Guenther, 1990) or in the switch fill gas (by optical breakdown of the gas). Specific electrode photoemissive mechanisms have also been investigated for high pressure spark gap triggering (Harsch et al., 1975). These devices are discussed in more detail in Chapter 3.
On the Decline and Possible Fall of Ppbs

The apparent failure of the Planning-Programming-Budgeting System (PPBS) to fulfill hopes for it in the federal government is examined in this article from the perspective of arguments surrounding its inception. It is argued that PPBS proponents had a naive conception of the political process, and that PPBS as an overall system has failed for precisely the reasons predicted by early critics. The productive aspects of the system do not require the overall framework to be useful, and, to the extent that improved budgeting is possible, it can be achieved in other ways more consistent with the actual structure of political decision-making in a world characterized by great complexity and disagreement about values.
Can we resolve 3D density heterogeneity in the lower mantle

We reexamine the possibility of resolving 3D density structure in the mantle, by performing test inversions using a dataset of well constrained degree 2 splitting coefficients. We show that degree 2 in Vs and Vp can be resolved, and confirm that dlnVs/dlnVp > 2.5 at depths >2000km, indicating a chemical component to large scale heterogeneity. Models with ρ positively correlated with Vs in the deepest mantle fit the data at least as well as those in which density and velocities are anti-correlated. However, some rough bounds on dlnρ/dlnVs can be inferred. Models obtained from geodynamic considerations are acceptable, in contrast to models with large negative ( 0.6) dlnρ/dlnVs throughout the lower mantle. The most robust feature is a marked increase in dlnρ/dlnVs at the top of the lower mantle reaching a maximum around 1500 km.
A Novel Use of Early Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Hyperbilirubinemia in a Patient with Primary Hepatic Lymphoma and Chronic Hepatitis C

Lymphomas arising in the liver are extremely rare. Here, we describe a case of Hepatitis C virus infection with primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL) presenting with hyperbilirubinemia. A 45-year-old African American male presented with abdominal pain, pruritus, and itching for two days. CT of abdomen and pelvis with contrast showed numerous masses in the liver. The liver biopsy was consistent with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Conventional chemotherapy was avoided initially because of hyperbilirubinemia. Hence, radiation therapy was given initially to reduce his bilirubin levels and tumor size. The patient was able to complete six cycles of rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy and achieved a complete response verified by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). PHL should be considered when there are numerous space occupying liver lesions seen on imaging. Hyperbilirubinemia may be a reason for delay in treatment for some of these patients. Hence, the role of radiation therapy prior to treatment with R-CHOP is an alternative to management for stage IV diffuse large B cell lymphoma.
Effects of program design on the professional socialization of RN-BSN students.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine effects of program design on the bureaucratic and professional role conceptions of registered nurses in baccalaureate nursing programs. Attention to how programs are set up and function has relevance for theory and practice and enables improving frameworks for program planning. The study design embodied qualitative and quantitative elements and used six processes of socialization in organizations as a conceptual guide. Qualitative data collection concerned comparative case studies of three baccalaureate nursing programs and data analysis included narratives detailing program organization and describing student experience. Quantitative matter involved mailed questionnaires to determine graduates' bureaucratic, professional, and service role conceptions. Data analysis (analysis of variance) revealed statistically significant differences in role conceptions (F[3.56] = 4.51) of registered nurses graduating from different baccalaureate programs in nursing. Indications are that nursing programs can be set up to produce equal education and reach certain stated outcomes, yet implicit program processes can impact student learning. J Prof Nurs 18:157-164, 2002. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Women, Fertility, and the Rise of Modern Capitalism

The wealth of a nation is measured by its income per capita (total economic output/total population). The latter increases only if the numerator grows faster than the denominator. For most of human history, when the numerator grew, the denominator followed suit, leaving the ratio stable. Income per capita increased only for relatively brief periods and in specific places, and often fell, even dramatically. Two revolutions that occurred in Europe broke this state of immobility: the Malthusian revolution, spurred by the Black Death (or plague) in the Middle Ages, which slowed the growth of the denominator, and the industrial revolution, which sharply increased the growth of the numerator. The former event has been considered a precondition for the latter because it allowed per capita income to rise well above the subsistence level. This created a demand for goods and the accumulation of wealth and human capital. The outcome was a revolution in technologies that pulled away from traditional agriculture. Thus, this complex interaction of diverse factors spurred the birth of the modern economic era. This includes the impact of women in the workforce, as suggested in a recent study by Voigtlander and Voth ( 1 ).
On the definition of currents and the action principle in field theories of one spatial dimension

Abstract The properties of a model relativistic field theory in one space dimension are investigated. The model consists of a massless Fermion field whose current is coupled to itself and also to a vector Boson field with mass. By means of the action principle the effects of the coupling are simulated by functional derivatives with respect to external fields. These can be carried out in closed form and yield an exact solution. It is found at an early stage that the usual definition of the Fermion current as the simple juxtaposition of the Fermion field and its conjugate is ambiguous and does not lead to a relativistic two-vector. A more precise definition of the current which remedies this situation is obtained by taking the average of the limits of a nonlocal product of the Fermion fields as the coordinates of those fields approach one another from a spacelike and the orthogonal timelike direction. Explicit examination of the Green's functions shows that those containing only one Boson field or Fermion current are consistent with the field equations, canonical commutation relations, and the definition of the current, but that this is not true for those containing two or more of these operators. This situation is clarified with the introduction of a noneovariant single-time current wherein the limit of the coordinates of the Fermion fields is taken at a given time. A comparison of the matrix elements of this current with those of the covariant one shows that one of these must be considered as depending explicitly, in its definition, on the external fields. When the covariant current is so considered, the extra terms in its matrix elements coming from functional differentation of the explicit field dependence are found to remover the inconsistency. The original use of the action principle in solving the model is re-examined in the light of these developments and a corrected version of the Lagrange function which contains operators at one time only is derived.
Cardiovascular disease in lupus: insights and updates

Purpose of review With improved management of the classical disease manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality. This review in particular focuses on progress over the past year in clinical and basic aspects of SLE-driven accelerated atherosclerosis. Recent findings Both subclinical CVD and CV events continue to be recognized at increased frequency in previously unstudied lupus cohorts and populations. Novel associations have been identified between lupus CVD and cognitive impairment, depression, and low-income status. In terms of pathogenesis, there is an ever-increasing focus on the innate immune system and, in particular, type I interferons (IFNs). Recent studies have drawn connections in both human and murine models between neutrophils, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, type I IFNs, and endothelial dysfunction. Whether treatments such as mycophenolate mofetil or statins have a role in prevention of lupus CVD is an area of intensive study. Summary CVD is a major complication of lupus and is now a leading cause of death among people living with this disease. As such, additional studies are needed in order to identify the most effective preventive strategies and most predictive vascular risk biomarkers. Type I IFNs may play a critical role in lupus CVD pathogenesis, and it is recommended that vascular outcomes be included in ongoing trials testing the efficacy of anti-IFN biologics.
Stress and strain in ferroelectrics

Abstract Ferroelectrics are being integrated into many structures, both large and small. Various innovations have once again brought the fundamentals of ferroelectricity into focus. Advances have been made in understanding stress and strain effects, especially on phenomena at small size scales. These phenomena include depoling and cracking in actuators, and properties of small free particles, fine grain ceramics and thin films.
Effect of PGEi and TSH on cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Activity in the Thyroid

PGE1, like TSH, can increase cAMPdependent protein kinase activity in calf thyroid slices. The intracellular levels of cAMP produced by either of these agents alone appeared to correlate well with the degree of kinase activation. PG synthesis did not appear to be necessary for TSH action in this system, since indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, did not alter either cAMP levels or kinase activity in slicesincubated with TSH. Both the cAMP level and kinase activity rose when a submaximally effective dose of TSH was added to a maximal dose of PGE1. However, neither the cAMP levels nor the kinase activity produced by a maximal dose of TSH was affected by the addition of PGE1. (Endocrinology 96: 1018, 1975)
Global zones of energetic particle precipitation

The paper identifies global zones of energetic particle precipitation in the nighttime atmosphere during disturbed magnetic conditions in rocket, satellite, and ground-based measurements. The known equatorial zone of precipitated energetic ions and neutrals is found at altitudes above 170 km, with its origin in the double-charge-exchange process of hydrogen and helium with the ring current. The flux of electrons increases linearly with altitude in the region 100-300 km and correlates with the 391.4 nm radiation intensity and magnetic activity. Finally, it is shown that the South Atlantic magnetic anomaly provides additional support for the identification of distinct low and mid-latitude zones; poleward from the plasmapause the precipitation flux is nearly isotropic and variable, and it consists of electrons and ions with the maximum intensity of the proton auroral zone occurring about 5 deg equatorward of the maximum of the electron auroral zone.
Response and stability of elastoplastic circular pipes under combined bending and external pressure

Abstract The response and stability of elastoplastic circular pipes under combined bending and external pressure are investigated both analytically as well as experimentally. A virtual work approach is used to formulate the problem, which results in a set of nonlinear algebraic equations which are solved numerically. The maximum moment and curvature for different pressures are determined as a function of the material and geometric parameters of the problem. For the range of parameters where limit load instability dominates, the results compare very well with experimental results for both steel and aluminium pipes.
Physiological changes and differential gene expression in mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) exposed to arsenic

Arsenic has been detected as a contaminant in water bodies around the world. Although a number of studies have shown toxicity to adult fish, little is known about its effects on the offspring. However, human epidemiological studies have shown that arsenic increases the number of stillbirths and prematurely born infants. We examined changes in the morphology and gene expression in juvenile mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) whose parents were exposed to 230 ppb arsenic for 10 days immediately prior to spawning. The hatchlings of exposed fish had a 2.8-fold increased incidence of curved or stunted tails. Total RNA from 6-week-old hatchlings, reared in clean water, was used to construct a cDNA subtractive hybridization library. Using this library, we found 13 genes whose expression was altered in the hatchlings as a result of arsenic exposure. We confirmed differential expression by real-time PCR and found significant up-regulation of myosin light chain 2 (4.2-fold), type II keratin (1.5-fold), tropomyosin (3.1-fold) and parvalbumin (3.5-fold) in the hatchlings whose parents were exposed to arsenic. These genes are important during embryogenesis and their differential expression may be linked to the morphological changes observed in the hatchlings.
Temperature control of the Mariner class spacecraft - A seven mission summary.

Mariner spacecraft have completed five missions of scientific investigation of the planets. Two additional missions are planned. A description of the thermal design of these seven spacecraft is given herein. The factors which have influenced the thermal design include the mission requirements and constraints, the flight environment, certain programmatic considerations and the experience gained as each mission is completed. These factors are reviewed and the impact of each on thermal design and developmental techniques is assessed. It is concluded that the flight success of these spacecraft indicates that adequate temperature control has been obtained, but that improvements in design data, hardware performance and analytical techniques are needed.
A Generalized Rand-Index Method for Consensus Clustering of Separate Partitions of the Same Data Base

clusters, based on J distinct, contributory partitions (or, equivalently, J polytomous attributes). We describe a new model/algorithm for implementing this objective. The method's objective function incorporates a modified Rand measure, both in initial cluster selection and in subsequent refinement of the starting partition. The method is applied to both synthetic and real data. The performance of the proposed model is compared to latent class analysis of the same data set.
Characterization of tumors produced by signal peptide‐basic fibroblast growth factor‐transformed cells

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is found in a variety of cells and tissues. We have previously shown that bFGF is a transforming growth factor, but only when fused to a signal peptide (sp-bFGF). Cells expressing the native bFGF are tumorigenic in nude mice only, where the tumors form at a low frequency and grow very slowly as compared to sp-bFGF tumors. The cells transformed by the sp-bFGF growth factor gene cause rapidly growing tumors within 10 days in 100% of syngeneic and nude mice. In nude mice, the tumors are highly vascularized, while the vascularization in immunocompetent syngeneic mice is not as prominent. The syngeneic mice have a characteristic humoral immune response to sp-bFGF tumors, which differs from that mounted against ras-induced tumors. The ability of bFGF to induce tumorigenicity is significant in view of the recent discoveries of three new oncogenes: hst, int-2, and an oncogene from a human colon cancer. In addition to homology with FGF, the proteins encoded by these oncogenes all have a potential signal peptide at the protein's amino terminus, suggesting a mode of action analogous to that of our artificial signal peptide-bFGF (sp-bFGF) transforming growth factor model system.
Thioredoxins in Redox Maintenance and Survival during Oxidative Stress of Bacteroides fragilis

The anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis is a gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that is highly aerotolerant and can persist in aerobic environments for extended periods. In this study, the six B. fragilis thioredoxins (Trxs) were investigated to determine their role during oxidative stress. Phylogenetic analyses of Trx protein sequences indicated that four of the six Trxs (TrxA, TrxC, TrxD, and TrxF) belong to the M-type Trx class but were associated with two different M-type lineages. TrxE and TrxG were most closely associated to Y-type Trxs found primarily in cyanobacteria. Single and multiple trx gene deletions were generated to determine functional differences between the Trxs. The trxA gene was essential, but no anaerobic growth defects were observed for any other single trx deletion or for the ΔtrxC ΔtrxD::cfxA ΔtrxE ΔtrxF ΔtrxG quintuple mutant. Regulation of the trx genes was linked to the oxidative stress response, and all were induced by aerobic conditions. The ΔtrxC ΔtrxE ΔtrxF ΔtrxG and the ΔtrxC ΔtrxD::cfxA ΔtrxE ΔtrxF ΔtrxG multiple deletion strains were impaired during growth in oxidized media, but single trx gene mutants did not have a phenotype in this assay. TrxD was protective during exposure to the thiol oxidant diamide, and expression of trxD was induced by diamide. Diamide-induced expression of trxC, trxE, and trxF increased significantly in a trxD mutant strain, suggesting that there is some capacity for compensation in this complex Trx system. These data provide insight into the role of individual Trxs in the B. fragilis oxidative stress response.
Endothelial Cell‐, Platelet‐, and Monocyte/Macrophage‐Derived Microparticles are Elevated in Psoriasis Beyond Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Background Psoriasis, especially when severe, is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease beyond traditional risk factors. The mechanism of atherogenesis in psoriasis remains unknown. Cell membrane vesicles (ie, microparticles), released upon cell activation or apoptosis, have recently been associated with cardiometabolic disease and may play a pathogenic role. Microparticle levels, particularly from endothelial cells and platelets, are elevated in patients with cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, other inflammatory diseases, autoimmune conditions, and have been shown to be predictive of cardiovascular outcomes. Methods and Results Concentrations of microparticles with positive expression for any of 7 cell surface markers (Annexin V, CD3, CD31, CD41a, CD64, CD105, and CD144) were measured in blood samples from psoriasis patients (n=53) and control subjects without psoriasis (n=41). Platelet-free plasma was separated from whole blood by one-step centrifugation for microparticle analysis. Microparticles were fluorescently labeled and characterized by flow cytometry. Higher concentrations of CD105 (5.5/μL versus 2.5/μL, P <0.001), CD31 (31/μL versus 18/μL, P =0.002), CD41a (50/μL versus 22/μL, P <0.001), and CD64 (5.0/μL versus 4.1/μL, P =0.02) singly positive microparticles corresponding to endothelial cell-, platelet-, and monocyte/macrophage-derived microparticles, respectively, were found in psoriasis patients compared with controls. These differences persisted after adjustment for traditional cardiometabolic risk factors including body mass index. Conclusions Increased microparticle concentrations, independent of cardiometabolic risk factors, in patients with psoriasis suggest that the presence of increased endothelial cell, platelet, and monocyte/macrophage activation with cell turnover may contribute to the heightened atherogenesis associated with psoriasis.
Pumpleistung des Herzens

Der Depolarisationsvorgang lost eine uber das Myokard ablaufende Kontraktionswelle aus. An einer einzelnen Muskelfaser beginnt die Kontraktion unmittelbar nach der Depolarisation und uberdauert das Ende der Depolarisation um etwa 50 msec (Abb. 3–14). Die Vorhofsystole beginnt nach der P-Welle des EKG, wahrend die Ventrikel-Systole nahe dem Ende der R-Zacke beginnt und bis kurz nach der T-Welle dauert.
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: Africa

The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: Africa. Ruth Stone. ed. New York: Garland, 1998. 852 pp., scores, and CD.
Community Interpreting: An Emerging Profession

Le service public (hopitaux, ecoles, police, services sociaux, justice, etc) fait de plus en plus souvent appel a des traducteurs pour permettre la communication avec les minorites linguistiques dans les pays a haut pourcentage d'immigration. L'A. retrace l'historique des conditions de developpement de cette profession
Enabling trusted software integrity

Preventing execution of unauthorized software on a given computer plays a pivotal role in system security. The key problem is that although a program at the beginning of its execution can be verified as authentic, while running, its execution flow can be redirected to externally injected malicious code using, for example, a buffer overflow exploit. Existing techniques address this problem by trying to detect the intrusion at run-time or by formally verifying that the software is not prone to a particular attack.We take a radically different approach to this problem. We aim at intrusion prevention as the core technology for enabling secure computing systems. Intrusion prevention systems force an adversary to solve a computationally hard task in order to create a binary that can be executed on a given machine. In this paper, we present an exemplary system--SPEF--a combination of architectural and compilation techniques that ensure software integrity at run-time. SPEF embeds encrypted, processor-specific constraints into each block of instructions at software installation time and then verifies their existence at run-time. Thus, the processor can execute only properly installed programs, which makes installation the only system gate that needs to be protected. We have designed a SPEF prototype based on the ARM instruction set and validated its impact on security and performance using the MediaBench suite of applications.
Reducing LPS content in cockroach allergens increases pulmonary cytokine production without increasing inflammation: A randomized laboratory study

Endotoxins are ubiquitously present in the environment and constitute a significant component of ambient air. These substances have been shown to modulate the allergic response, however a consensus has yet to be reached whether they attenuate or exacerbate asthmatic responses. The current investigation examined whether reducing the concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a house dust extract (HDE) containing high concentrations of both cockroach allergens [1] and LPS would attenuate asthma-like pulmonary inflammation. Mice were sensitized with CRA and challenged with the intact HDE, containing 182 ng of LPS, or an LPS-reduced HDE containing 3 ng LPS, but an equivalent amount of CRA. Multiple parameters of asthma-like pulmonary inflammation were measured. Compared to HDE challenged mice, the LPS-reduced HDE challenged mice had significantly reduced TNFα levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Plasma levels of IgE and IgG1 were significantly reduced, however no change in CRA-specific IgE was detected. In HDE mice, plasma IgG2a levels were similar to naive mice, while LPS-reduced HDE mice had significantly greater concentrations. Reduced levels of LPS in the HDE did not decrease eosinophil or neutrophil recruitment into the alveolar space. Equivalent inflammatory cell recruitment occurred despite having generally higher pulmonary concentrations of eotaxins and CXC chemokines in the LPS-reduced HDE group. LPS-reduced HDE challenge induced significantly higher concentrations of IFNγ, and IL-5 and IL-13 in the BAL fluid, but did not decrease airways hyperresponsiveness or airway resistance to methacholine challenge. Conclusion: These data show that reduction of LPS levels in the HDE does not significantly protect against the severity of asthma-like pulmonary inflammation.
Time- and frequency-resolved fluorescence line shapes as a probe of solvation dynamics

Abstract The time- and frequency-resolved fluorescence spectrum of a polar molecule in a polar solvent is expressed in terms of gas phase spectroscopic parameters of the solute, vibrational relaxation rates, the dielectric properties of the solvent, and the temporal profile of the excitation pulse. The fluorescence spectrum is narrow at short times, and displays line broadening and a red-shift as the solvent relaxes about the excited solute.
Potential for Psorophora columbiae and Psorophora ciliata Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Transmit Rift Valley Fever Virus

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) continues to pose a threat to much of the world. Unlike many arboviruses, numerous mosquito species have been associated with RVFV in nature, and many species have been demonstrated as competent vectors in the laboratory. In this study, we evaluated two field-collected Psorophora species, Psorophora columbiae (Dyar and Knab) and Psorophora ciliata (F.) for their potential to transmit RVFV in North America. Both species were susceptible to infection after feeding on a hamster with a viremia of 10(7) plaque-forming units/ml, with infection rates of 65 and 83% for Ps. columbiae and Ps. ciliata, respectively (with nearly all specimens becoming infected when feeding on a hamster with a higher viremia). However, both species had a significant salivary gland barrier, as only 2/35 Ps. columbiae and 0/3 Ps. ciliata with a disseminated infection transmitted virus by bite. Despite the presence of the salivary gland barrier, due to the very high population that can occur and its propensity to feed on large mammals, Ps. columbiae might play a role in amplifying RVFV should that virus be introduced into an area where this species is common.
Proteasome Inhibitors Block DNA Repair and Radiosensitize Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Despite optimal radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy and/or surgery, a majority of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) fail treatment. To identify novel gene targets for improved tumor control, we performed whole genome RNAi screens to identify knockdowns that most reproducibly increase NSCLC cytotoxicity. These screens identified several proteasome subunits among top hits, including the topmost hit PSMA1, a component of the core 20 S proteasome. Radiation and proteasome inhibition showed synergistic effects. Proteasome inhibition resulted in an 80–90% decrease in homologous recombination (HR), a 50% decrease in expression of NF-kB-inducible HR genes BRCA1 and FANCD2, and a reduction of BRCA1, FANCD2 and RAD51 ionizing radiation-induced foci. IkBa RNAi knockdown rescued NSCLC radioresistance. Irradiation of mice with NCI-H460 xenografts after inducible PSMA1 shRNA knockdown markedly increased murine survival compared to either treatment alone. Proteasome inhibition is a promising strategy for NSCLC radiosensitization via inhibition of NF-kB-mediated expression of Fanconi Anemia/HR DNA repair genes.
Taxonomic Features of Seven Serotypes of Simian and Ape Foamy Viruses

Two new simian viruses were recovered from squirrel monkeys and galagos. They possess foamy virus group properties which appear distinct from other virus groups. Serologically they were designated types 4 and 5 and are completely specific from each other and from types 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 by neutralization tests. The study includes a comparison of the properties of all seven types in one laboratory. Images
TOPEX/Poseidon Microwave Radiometer (TMR). I. Instrument description and antenna temperature calibration

The TOPEX/Poseidon microwave radiometer (TMR) is a three-frequency radiometer flown on the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) satellite in low Earth orbit. It operates at 18, 21, and 37 GHz in a nadir-only viewing direction which is co-aligned with the T/P radar altimeters. The TMR monitors and corrects for the propagation path delay of the altimeter radar signal due to water vapor and nonprecipitating liquid water in the atmosphere. The paper describes the TMR instrument and the radiometric instrument calibration required to derive antenna temperature (T/sub A/) from the raw digital data. T/sub A/ precision of 0.4 K is predicted on orbit in all expected thermal environments, T/sub A/ accuracy of 0.5-0.6 K is expected following a post-launch field calibration campaign. These performance figures represent a significant improvement over those of the Seasat and Nimbus-G Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer on which TMR is based. The improvements are the result of specific hardware design and calibration changes. Hardware changes include a redesigned feed horn, to reduce impedance mismatches, and the addition of radomes over the feed and sky horns, to reduce thermal variations. Calibration changes involve more extensive temperature cycling and data analysis during thermal/vacuum testing. >
A Comparison of the Supply Chain Management Approaches of U.S. Regional and Global Businesses

This research used a survey to identify common approaches to supply chain management and to compare these approaches among regional and global business enterprises operating in the U.S. Survey respondents indicated that global enterprises tended to have a wider scope of activities in their supply chain management efforts. Statistically, our survey results showed that determining customers’ future needs, reducing supply chain response time, the use of formal information sharing, and participating in the marketing efforts of customers tended to be more important in global businesses than in regional businesses.
PREDICTORS OF ELECTRONIC BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM USE IN OLDER ADULTS

Recent studies indicate that attitudes toward computers are improved in older adults following brief training sessions (G. Jay & S. L. Willis, 1992; R. W. Morrell, D. C. Park, C. B. Mayhorn, & K. V. Echt, 1996a; E. Zandri & N. Charness, 1989). In the present research, the utility of the attitude construct as a predictor of computer use is explored. Thirty-nine older adults were trained to use the ELDERCOMM electronic bulletin board system (R. W. Morrell, D. C. Park, C. B. Mayhorn, & K. V. Echt, 1996b), and they were then given the opportunity to use the system as often as they liked over a 2-month participation interval. Participants in the study had more positive attitudes toward computers than an unselected group of older adults , and the most positive attitudes were found in the group who returned to use the bulletin board frequently during the participation interval. However, the most important predictor of continued use of the system is success at initial training. Age, education, and income did not ...
Stationary arterial wave phenomena

The case of a 38-year-old woman who was struck by an automobile is presented. The workup for lower extremity injuries revealed stationary arterial waves. Recognition of this arteriographic finding may avoid unnecessary confusion or exploration.
Bimanual examination for septal myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

OBJECTIVES: Left ventricular septal myectomy is the therapeutic ‘gold standard’ for patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy whose symptoms are refractory to medical therapy. We describe our initial clinical experience with a new surgical technique for septal myectomy utilizing the ‘bimanual examination’ in order to more reliably complete extended septal myectomy during cardioplegic arrest. METHODS: The bimanual examination was performed by inspecting the interventricular septum with two fingers inserted through the aortotomy (left index finger) and a small right atriotomy (right index finger). From January 2012 to February 2014, septal myectomy was performed in 35 patients. The mean patient age was 59.6 ± 13.7, and 60% were men. Systolic anterior motion was present in 30 (86%) patients. Most patients (94%) had moderate to severe mitral regurgitation (mean 2.1 ± 0.9). Of these, 16 (46%) underwent a concomitant mitral procedure. A total of 12 (34%) consecutive patients had bimanual examination utilized during extended myectomy. Patients were grouped into a standard (n= 23) and bimanual group (n= 12). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups with respect to age, gender or New York Heart Association class. No mortality occurred. The bimanual group demonstrated a trend towards a lower postoperative left ventricular outflow tract gradient, compared with the standard group (2.5 ± 5.7 vs 7.4 ± 8.8 mmHg, P= 0.07), without the need for repeat cardiopulmonary bypass for inadequate myectomy/residual systolic anterior motion in any patient. Among those without organic mitral disease, the completeness rate of septal myectomy, defined by the percentage of patients avoiding mitral replacement, with residual systolic anterior motion or left ventricular outflow tract gradient greater than 20 mmHg, was 73 and 90% in the standard and bimanual group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our early clinical experience of bimanual examination for septal myectomy has proved to be clinically valuable. This technique should be utilized in order to facilitate a determined and well-performed myectomy.
Effective Use of a Range of Authentic Assessments in a Web Assisted Pharmacology Course

Building upon previous research on teaching science at the college level, an Introductory Pharmacology course was designed in a problem-based learning environment, using cooperative learning pedagogies, case studies, and integrating technology into every class period. Teaching pharmacology through a case studies and problem-based approach is beneficial to understanding the societal impact of drugs, as well as grasping an understanding of the mechanisms of drug action, the parameters for dosing and the general categories of therapeutic medicines and drugs of abuse. Pairing a strong content in class with an adjunct online environment created an opportunity for students to discuss their newly found perspectives on pharmaceuticals within an online learning community. Each case study introduced a problem in pharmacology that students solved by integrating information from reading assignments, in class “graphic lectures” and “thinking activities” as well their own self-directed learning and collaborative group problem solving sessions. In addition, students discussed drugs and pharmacological concepts through the online bulletin board and chat rooms. For extra credit, students took online quizzes focusing on drug categories not specifically covered in class. The final technology -based project in the course was a authentic society based investigation of Pharmaceutical Concoctions. Multiple assessments provided data in content, processoriented and outcome-oriented contexts. Data from the online components (bulletin board, chat, email and the extra credit quizzes) in addition to in class assessments, created the opportunity for the instructor to develop an evaluation profile for each student in the course. Upon analysis by a qualitative rubric, the bulletin board postings demonstrated a progression in the “knowledge to application “ conversion of science and pharmacological concepts.
Estimation of stratigraphic ranges when fossil finds are not randomly distributed

Abstract Existing methods for point and interval estimation of the endpoints of the stratigraphic range of a fossil taxon under continuous sampling assume that the mean density of finds is constant over the stratigraphic range. These methods can perform badly when this mean density is not constant. Most seriously, if mean density declines toward the endpoint of interest, then the true coverage of the confidence interval for the true endpoint can be far below its nominal level, giving a false impression of estimation precision. Simple point and interval estimates that are designed to avoid this problem are presented. These methods are illustrated with the fossil record of two species of the Caribbean bryozoan Metrarabdotos.
Stimulated mechanisms of Ca2+entry into vascular smooth muscle during NO synthesis inhibition in pregnant rats

We have previously found that the vascular responsiveness to α1-adrenergic agonists is reduced in pregnant rats and enhanced in a rat model of pregnancy-induced hypertension produced by chronic tre...
Host Identification for Strophitus undulatus (Bivalvia: Unionidae), the Creeper, in the Upper Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania

Abstract Hosts for Strophitus undulatus (Bivalvia: Unionidae) were identified through laboratory infestations. Strophitus undulatus had a low degree of host specificity, transforming on 15 of 22 species examined, including three non-native species and one anadromous species. Suitable hosts included five cyprinid species, two salmonids, two centrarchids, two percids and Acipenser oxyrhynchus (Atlantic sturgeon), Ameiurus natalis (yellow bullhead), Cottus cognatus (slimy sculpin) and Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens (red-spotted newt). Ten hosts were previously unknown. No metamorphosis was observed in a control treatment without a potential host. Recovery of juveniles occurred 12–41 d after infestation at 13–18 C. Duration of glocidial attachment to the hosts declined with increasing water temperature.