cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the diffusion approximation to two parallel queues with processor sharing

A two-dimensional queuing model is considered in which the server in the second queue helps the server in the first queue during periods when the second queue is empty. The system is analyzed in the heavy traffic limit and explicit approximate solutions are obtained to the resulting diffusion equations using singular perturbation methods. Approximate asymptotic formulas are obtained for the stationary distribution of the number of customers as well as for some first-passage-time problems associated with the busy period. It is shown that these formulas reduce to the asymptotic expansions of the exact solutions, when the latter are available. >
Single-Doppler Velocity Retrieval with Rapid-Scan Radar Data

An approximate (rapid scan) dynamical model for single-Doppler retrieval of the vector wind field is investigated. This approximate model is based on the Lagrangian form of the radial component of the equation of motion and is valid for retrieval time windows that are smaller than the effective timescale of the flow but larger than the product of the effective timescale and (nondimensional) relative error in the radial wind observations. The retrieval was tested with data gathered by two Doppler-on-Wheels mobile Doppler research radars of a cold front on 16 June 2000 near Grandfield, Oklahoma. Experiments focused on the impact of time resolution and the utility of a background constraint obtained from a volume velocity processing (VVP)-like estimate of the wind field. Retrieval error statistics were substantially improved as the volume scan intervals decreased from 5 min [characterizing the current Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) scan rates] down to 1 min. Use of the background constraint also improved the results, with superior results obtained in the high temporal resolution experiments when the background constraint was selectively imposed.
Was a decision made? An assessment of patient-clinician discordance in medical oncology encounters

Background Shared decision making is promoted to improve cancer care quality. Patients and clinicians may have different ideas about what constitutes a cancer care decision, which may limit the validity of self-reported measures of shared decision making. We sought to estimate the extent to which patients and clinicians agree on whether a cancer care decision was made during an outpatient encounter. Methods We surveyed patients and clinicians immediately after an oncology encounter at a large, tertiary medical centre and calculated agreement in response to the single-item question, ‘Was a specific decision about cancer care made during the appointment today?’ Answer options were ‘yes’ and ‘no’. Participants were 315 oncology patients, with any solid tumour malignancy and at any stage of management, and their clinicians (22 staff oncologists, nine senior fellows and five nurse practitioners). Results Patients and clinicians reported having made a cancer care decision in 184 (58%) and 174 (55%) of encounters, respectively. They agreed on whether a cancer care decision was made in 213 (68%) of encounters (chance-adjusted agreement was 0.34); in 56 of the 102 discordant encounters, the patient reported making a decision while the clinician did not. We found no significant correlates with discordance. Conclusions Patients and clinicians do not always agree on whether a cancer care decision was made. As such, measures that ask patients and/or clinicians to evaluate a decision-making process or outcome may be methodologically insufficient when they do not explicitly orient respondents towards the thing they are being asked to assess.
Massive Hepatic Hemorrhage: Identification

Quick recognition of the bleeding patient and rapid deployment of the trauma team are essential. Focused sonography in trauma should be used in all cases expeditiously. Unstable patients with suspicion of intra-abdominal hemorrhage should have immediate laparotomy. Liver bleeding is readily apparent and most can be controlled using liver compression, packing, and local hemostatic maneuvers, with or without hepatoduodenal ligament occlusion. Bleeding not responsive to these measures usually signifies juxtahepatic venous hemorrhage and will usually require mobilization of the liver for exposure and hemostasis.
Oxidative responses of resistant and susceptible cereal leaves to symptomatic and nonsymptomatic cereal aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeding.

The impact of the leaf-chlorosis-eliciting Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and the nonchlorosis-eliciting bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), feeding on D. noxia-susceptible and -resistant cereals was examined during the period (i.e., 3, 6, and 9 d after aphid infestation) that leaf chlorosis developed. After aphid number, leaf rolling and chlorosis ratings, and fresh leaf weight were recorded on each sampling date, total protein content, peroxidase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase activities of each plant sample were determined spectrophotometrically. Although R. padi and D. noxia feeding caused significant increase of total protein content in comparison with the control cereal leaves, the difference in total protein content between R. padi and D. noxia-infested leaves was not significant. Although R. padi-feeding did not elicit any changes of peroxidase specific activity in any of the four cereals in comparison with the control leaves, D. noxia feeding elicited greater increases of peroxidase specific activity only on resistant 'Halt' wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and susceptible 'Morex' barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), but not on susceptible 'Arapahoe' and resistant 'Border' oat (Avena sativa L.). D. noxia-feeding elicited a ninefold increase in peroxidase specific activity on Morex barley and a threefold on Halt wheat 9 d after the initial infestation in comparison with control leaves. Furthermore, D. noxia feeding did not elicit any differential changes of catalase and polyphenol oxidase activities in comparison with either R. padi feeding or control leaves. The findings suggest that D. noxia feeding probably results in oxidative stress in plants. Moderate increase of peroxidase activity (approximately threefold) in resistant Halt compared with susceptible Arapahoe wheat might have contributed to its resistance to D. noxia, whereas the ninefold peroxidase activity increase may have possibly contributed to barley's susceptibility. Different enzymatic responses in wheat, barley, and oat to D. noxia and R. padi feeding indicate the cereals have different mechanisms of aphid resistance.
GOLDFLECK DAMAGE TO TOMATO FRUIT CAUSED BY FEEDING OF FRANKLINIELLA OCCIDENTALIS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE)

Flower thrips, Frankliniella spp., are important pests of tomatoes, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., throughout the mid-Atlantic region. Several species cause direct damage to the leaves and fruits, and species such as the western flower thrips (WFT), F occidentalis (Pergande), and the tobacco thrips, E fusca Hinds, also vector tomato spotted wilt virus (Zitter et al. 1989). Damage caused by F occidentalis to tomato can appear in several forms. In greenhouses, E occidentalis will feed on the leaves of young transplants, causing a spotting and desiccation of the leaves. Sclar (2000) states that E occidentalis are attracted to pollen sources, and will feed extensively on flower tissues and degrade flower quality. This results in reduced length of bloom and flower tissue damage. Salguero Navas et al. (1991) report that small indentations appear in tomato fruit from female oviposition, and these indentations are sometimes surrounded by a light-colored halo. This damage can result in rejection of fruit and lowering of grade. Although originally reported in the southwestern portion of the United States, WFT was first reported along the east coast in Georgia in 1981 (Beshear 1983). It is now present throughout the east coast, including New Jersey. Cosmetic damage to tomatoes, appearing as 'goldflecking' and or goldfleck rings on red tomatoes, began to occur simul-
Osteoporosis: Clinical Guidelines for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management, edited by S. H. Gueldner, T. N. Grabo, and D. R. Cooper

This edited book provides a comprehensive and informative text on an important health concern for older women. It is written for the practitioner, but uses understandable terms and concepts. Althou...
Phase I study of vandetanib (V) and bevacizumab (B) combination therapy evaluating the VEGF and EGF signal transduction pathways in adults with solid tumors and NHL

3522 Background: (V), a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has strong inhibitory activity against VEGFR-2 and the EGF RTK. (B), a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, blocks the binding of human VEGF to its receptors. We proposed that dual blockade of the VEGF pathway provides an added therapeutic effect compared with either agent alone. Methods: A standard 3–6 pt/cohort design, dose-escalation Phase I study was performed. (V) was self-administered PO, days 1–21 of each 21-day cycle. (B) was administered by IV infusion Q 3 wks. Objectives: Determine the toxicity profile and the MTD of the combination of (V+B); evaluate (V) pharmacokinetics, changes in tumor vascularity by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and effects of (V+B) treatment on circulating endothelial progenitors and mature circulating endothelial cells. Eligibility: ECOG ≤ 2, adequate organ function. The MTD is the dose level at which no more than 1 of 6 patients experience DLT during the first 2 cycles of treatment, and the d...
VoIP security governance in small/medium organizations

Information security has become an important part of business in recent years. The purpose of this document is to examine information security governance as it relates to the growing field of Voice over Internet Protocol. The paper will begin with an examination of the central components of information security governance---corporate governance and information technology governance. Once this foundation is created, the paper will explore VoIP specific issues as they relate to information security governance, such as common attacks, vulnerabilities, and protocols. Because policy is, arguably, the most important aspect of information security governance, the final part of the paper will explore this topic as well as common issues.
Autonomous Consumption: Buying Into the Ideology of Capitalism

The purpose of this article is to examine three different approaches to autonomy in order to demonstrate how each leads to a different conclusion about the ethicality of advertising. I contend that Noggle's (1995) belief-based autonomy theory provides the most complete understanding of autonomy. Read in conjunction with Arendt's theory of cooperative power, Noggle's theory leads to the conclusion that advertising does not violate consumers' autonomy. Although it is possible for advertisers to abuse the power granted them by society these abuses do not constitute a violation of consumers' autonomy.
Countdown Pedestrian Signals: Legibility and Comprehension Without Flashing Hand

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in comprehension between the inclusion and elimination of the flashing “Don’t Walk” (FDW) on the pedestrian signal during the countdown phase. In Experiment 1, 300 people were shown, on a tablet, a digital video display of the walk symbol, the “Don’t Walk” symbol, the countdown pedestrian signal (CPS) plus the FDW, and the CPS alone. Results indicated that pedestrians were more likely to consider crossing if they judged they had enough time to cross with the CPS alone than with the CPS plus the FDW and that this effect held for males and females and across all age categories. Experiment 2 examined how well pedestrians could determine how much time they required to cross streets of various widths. Participants viewed a CPS and were told to start crossing when they felt they had just enough time to cross. Participants had little difficulty judging the time required for 40-ft, 60-ft, and 80-ft crossings. Most pedestrians could discriminate the time require...
Survey of Anthrax Cases in Sichuan Province

Objective To analyze pathogenic characteristics of anthrax of Sichuan province in 2011,and to provide scientific basis for future prevention work.Methods All cases reported from network in 2011 were statistically analyzed with respects of onset date and current addresses.Results A total of 86 anthrax cases were reported and all were skin anthrax,and the male accounted for 69.77%,significantly more than women;the pastoralist was the dominating occupation(72.09%),followed by the farmers(19.77%).The average age was 39.12,and the onsets were mainly young adults.The onset peak appeared in July to September of the year.contacting,striping and eating dead animals were the main sources of infection(61.63%);and contacting was the main infection modus(98.84%).Conclusion Contacting,striping and eating dead animals has become primary means of human anthrax infections.The work of health education and livestock epidemic control should be enhanced.
Equal channel angular extrusion of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), a common bearing surface in total joint arthroplasty, is subject to material property tradeoffs associated with conventional processing techniques. For orthopaedic applications, radiation-induced cross-linking is used to enhance the wear resistance of the material, but cross-linking also restricts relative chain movement in the amorphous regions and hence decreases toughness. Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) is proposed as a novel mechanism by which entanglements can be introduced to the polymer bulk during consolidation, with the aim of imparting the same tribological benefits of conventional processing without complete inhibition of chain motion. ECAE processing at temperatures near the crystalline melt for UHMWPE produces (1) increased entanglements compared to control materials; (2) increasing entanglements with increasing temperature; and (3) mechanical properties between values for untreated polyethylene and for cross-linked polyethylene. These results support additional research in ECAE-processed UHMWPE for joint arthroplasty applications.
Civil War Wests: Testing the Limits of the United States. Edited by Adam Arenson and Andrew R. Graybill.

Civil War Wests: Testing the Limits of the United States . Edited by Adam Arenson and Andrew R. Graybill. (Oakland: University of California Press, 2015. ix + 321 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $65.00, £44.95, cloth; $29.95, £19.95, paper.) This excellent collection expands our understanding of the Civil War and the Reconstruction era. These essays reposition the struggle between North and South to a more expansive narrative of the war and Reconstruction that incorporates the trans-Mississippi West, demonstrating that “testing the limits of U.S. sovereignty is the central story of both the Civil War and the American West” (p. 2). The essays are divided into three parts that complement and build on each other. The first, “Borderlands in Conflict,” focuses on the war as it was played out in the West. Federal authority extended through government … mmorrison{at}purdue.edu
Attestation-Based Remote Biometric Authentication

Migration from password and token-based authentication in distributed systems requires fundamental changes to the authentication process. A person's biometric data is not a secret, which presents a fundamental difference with other authentication methods. Matching a sample with a database template is secondary to establishing trust in the integrity of the sample. The process is similar to establishing a chain of custody for judicial evidence. In computer systems this is accomplished using attestation architectures. In this paper, a design for a secure remote biometric login system based on an attestation architecture is analyzed. The system uses a commercially available Trusted Platform Module (TPM) to authenticate the platform during the boot process and perform trusted private-key functions to participate in a challenge/response between the client and a remote biometric matcher. The result is a system that can provide higher assurance than current systems in an economically and administratively feasible system.
Improving local measures of sustainability: A study of built-environment indicators in the United States

Abstract Indicator systems help organizations worldwide to understand their progress toward sustainability. But few systems include measures of the built environment, the primary area of agency for local planners seeking to contribute to sustainability. This paper uses the U.S. as a case study to explore the challenges of, and prospects for, filling that gap. Its main questions are: 1) Can a scan of existing built environment indicators yield a catalog of high-quality indicators that measure sustainability comprehensively? and 2) What gaps and challenges arise and how can they be overcome? The study triangulates answers through a review of sustainability literature, a scan of existing indicators, and consultation with panels of indicator experts. Results suggest that U.S. built-environment indicators do not robustly track local progress toward sustainability, confirm deficiencies in the equity dimension, and provide recommendations that allow communities in the U.S. and internationally to more successfully track their local progress toward sustainability goals.
CHI '99 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Welcome to CHI 99 and to the SIGCHI community! The CHI conference provides a forum for people to meet, both formally and informally, to share experiences, and to learn. We trust that you will find here the intellectually exciting and personally rewarding forum that brings many people back to this conference year after yearyThe CHI conference is sponsored by ACM's Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction (SIGCHI). SIGCHI is comprised of an international group of researcher, practitioners, educators, students, and others who share an interest in one or more of the many facets of human-computer interaction. SIGCHI is committed to the parallel activities of advancing the field of human-computerinteractiona and exchanging information within the SIGCHI community. This conference also provides an opportunity for you to learn more about SIGCHI activities and to explore taking an active role in those activites. You can do this by stopping by the SIGCHI booth, attending the SIGCHI Business Meeting, or talking with any of the Executive Committee members.While the CHI conference is the largest and most visible activity of SIGCHI, we also support conferences on computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW), virtual reality software and technology (VRST), user interface software and technology (UIST), design of interactive systems (DIS) and intelligent user interfaces (IUI) and creativity & cognition (C&C).SIGCHI also distributes the quartely SIGCHI Bulletin to memebers, as well as other who are interested in human-computer interaction. In addition, SIGCHI supports the Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), and Interactions, a magazine focused on practitioners.The SIGCHI Development Fund supports activites that are proposed by SIGCHI members. If you have ideas for advancing our field and communicating those advances to SIGCHI members we encourage you to review the Call for Proposals, which appears on the SIGCHI web site and frequently in the SIGCHI Bulletin.
Accurate prediction of static dipole polarizabilities with moderately sized basis sets

The development is described of a basis set of moderate size optimized for the computation of the dipole polarizability of reasonably large molecules consisting of hydrogen and p-block elements up to iodine. The mean polarizability, polarizability anisotropy and dipole moment for hydrides of the first four rows of the periodic table, obtained at both the SCF and MP2 levels, are compared with those obtained using the previously developed 6–31 G(+ sd + sp) basis set, as well as larger basis sets, and with experiment. For the series of diatomic halogens, X2, and the halomethanes, CH3X (X = F, C1, Br, I), electric properties are obtained in excellent agreement with those resulting from use of larger basis sets, and also with experiment.
Building relationships: Online dating and the new logics of Internet culture, by Dawn Shepherd

Much of the stigma around online dating has dissipated over the last decade. A 2016 national study by the Pew Internet and American Life project found that 15% of American adults had used an online...
College Reading Studies: Do They Make Any Difference?

(1980). College Reading Studies: Do They Make Any Difference? Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Western College Reading Association: Vol. 13, Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Conference of the WCRA. The 1980's: New Sources of Energy for Learning, pp. 24-29.
Underuse of Prevention and Lifestyle Counseling in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease

Abstract Background Little is known about patterns of medication use and lifestyle counseling in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) in the United States. Objectives The authors sought to evaluate trends in both medical therapy and lifestyle counseling for PAD patients in the United States from 2005 through 2012. Methods Data from 1,982 outpatient visits among patients with PAD were obtained from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a nationally representative assessment of office-based and hospital outpatient department practice. Trends in the proportion of visits with medication use (antiplatelet therapy, statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEIs] or angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs], and cilostazol) and lifestyle counseling (exercise or diet counseling and smoking cessation) were evaluated. Results Over the 8-year period, the average annual number of ambulatory visits in the United States for PAD was 3,883,665. Across all visits, mean age was 69.2 years, 51.8% were female, and 56.6% were non-Hispanic white. Comorbid coronary artery disease (CAD) was present in 24.3% of visits. Medication use for cardiovascular prevention and symptoms of claudication was low: any antiplatelet therapy in 35.7% (standard error [SE]: 2.7%), statin in 33.1% (SE: 2.4%), ACEI/ARB in 28.4% (SE: 2.0%), and cilostazol in 4.7% (SE: 1.0%) of visits. Exercise or diet counseling was used in 22% (SE: 2.3%) of visits. Among current smokers with PAD, smoking cessation counseling or medication was used in 35.8% (SE: 4.6%) of visits. There was no significant change in medication use or lifestyle counseling over time. Compared with visits for patients with PAD alone, comorbid PAD and CAD were more likely to be prescribed antiplatelet therapy (odds ratio [OR]: 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8 to 3.9), statins (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.8 to 3.9), ACEI/ARB (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.8 to 3.9), and smoking cessation counseling (OR: 4.4; 95% CI: 2.0 to 9.6). Conclusions The use of guideline-recommended therapies in patients with PAD was much lower than expected, which highlights an opportunity to improve the quality of care in these high-risk patients.
A Large Cardiac Papillary Fibroelastoma Arising from the Coumadin Ridge: Unusual Location and Presentation

•The coumadin ridge is a very unusual location for a cardiac PFE.•Although benign, large, mobile cardiac PFEs can pose a significant embolic risk.•Multimodality CV imaging can differentiate cardiac PFE from other cardiac tumors.
Blindfolded trauma team resuscitation: a strategy for improved leadership and communication

Advanced trauma life support (ATLS) guidelines provide a systematic approach to the initial management of the trauma patient. Teams that follow the systematic ATLS approach have less errors and better patient outcomes.1 Non-adherence to the guidelines, however, is common and can lead to medical errors and delays in diagnosis.2 3 In our academic centres, we have observed emergency medicine (EM) interns struggling to maintain the discipline to complete the primary survey before beginning the secondary survey, despite ATLS certification. In order to force the team leader to systematically approach trauma resuscitations and use closed loop communication, a blindfold is placed on the team leader. Team members are only permitted to perform orders that are explicitly directed to them by the leader. The leader only knows the ordered tasks are completed by asking the trauma team members to repeat back all completed tasks. This blindfolded training method has demonstrated strong potential to improve the way residents learn to lead trauma resuscitations. ### What problem was addressed? Despite initial certification in ATLS, EM interns in the simulation lab struggled to demonstrate the discipline of remaining focused on the primary survey and not moving …
Modeling back-relaxation in ionic polymer metal composites: The role of steric effects and composite layers

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are a new class of active materials that are gaining traction as soft actuators in medical and industrial applications. IPMCs can undergo large deformations under modest voltage inputs, in dry and wet environments. Past studies have demonstrated that physical and geometric properties of all the IPMC constituents (ionomer, electrodes, and counterions) may all influence the time scales of the transient response and severity of the back-relaxation. In this study, we present a detailed mathematical model to investigate how the finite size of the counterions and the presence of metal particles in the vicinity of the electrodes modulate IPMC actuation. We build on previous work by our group on thermodynamically consistent modeling of IPMC mechanics and electrochemistry, which attributes IPMC actuation to the interplay between Maxwell stress and osmotic forces. To gain insight into the role of physical and geometric parameters, the resulting nonlinear partial differential e...
Hispanics’ perceived procedural justice, legitimacy, and willingness to cooperate with the police

While some research has examined differences in perceptions of police among minorities and Whites, most of this research has focused on race rather than ethnicity. The dearth of research on ethnic ...
CD56 expression of intravascular trophoblasts defines a class of vasculopathy in preeclampsia and other pregnancy complications

We have discovered the expression of CD56 on the intravascular trophoblasts in the maternal spiral artery at implantation sites, and we have also found the similar phenotypic switch of intravascular trophoblasts in the decidual vasculopathy in preeclampsia. Currently we have examined 124 placentas from the patients with preeclampsia and 84 placentas from patients with other pregnancy associated complications without preeclampsia. CD56 expression on the intravascular trophoblasts can be seen in classic decidual vasculopathy such as fibrinoid medial necrosis and acute atherosis. In addition, partial involvement of the decidual vessels with classic vasculopathy can also be identified by CD56 expression. The cellular components of the classic vasculopathy in preeclampsia showed immunoreactivity to cytokeratin and CD68, in addition to CD56 expression, indicating the fetal trophoblastic cell origin. The classic decidual vasculopathy including acute atherosis and fibrinoid medial necrosis can be unified and designated as CD56-related vasculopathy. The CD56 related vasculopathy is associated not only to preeclampsia but also to other pregnancy related complications, such as gestational diabetes, placental infarcts, intervillous thrombosis and other fetal distress syndromes. Our study defined a spectrum of decidual vasculopathy spanning from the classic preeclampsia to other complications important to pregnancy that can be highlighted by CD56 expression, pointing to different direction of pathogenesis of preeclampsia and other pregnancy associated complications.
Understanding Instructional Quality Through a Relational Lens

In this paper, we analyze mathematics lessons using the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS), a standardized observation protocol that suggests that high-quality lessons are distinguished by the tenor and frequency of classroom interactions. Because the CLASS focuses on interactions, rather than the specifics of content teaching, it can be used across content areas from language arts to mathematics. While many previous studies have used CLASS as a measure of instructional quality, to date, no work has examined the affordances and constraints of using the content-agnostic CLASS to examine instructional quality in mathematics lessons. Our close qualitative analysis of three lessons highlights the importance of including practices that cut across content areas in measurement of instructional quality in mathematics classrooms. In addition, this paper is the first to highlight aspects of instruction in mathematics classrooms that are obscured by the CLASS. Discussion highlights how a relational lens foregrounds particular instructional aspects and marginalizes others.
The Border Search Exception as Applied to Exit and Export Searches: A Global Conceptualization

The so-called "border search exception" to the Fourth Amendment permits law enforcement authorities to conduct searches of persons or objects that enter the United States. For routine border searches, the Fourth Amendment does not require any degree of suspicion or a warrant. The Supreme Court has never directly addressed whether this exception applies to exit searches: persons or objects leaving the country. The lower courts have, for the most part, upheld such suspicionless and warrantless searches but their rationales have been divergent and often supported with summary conclusions. Academic critics and a few dissents have argued that the Fourth Amendment prohibits the searching of exiting individuals or property at the border unless the authorities have, at a minimum, some degree of suspicion. They argue that the rationales for the border search exception only support incoming searches. In this article, I will show that routine suspicionless and warrantless searches of exiting individuals and property are inherently "reasonable" under the Fourth Amendment, but not necessarily for the reasons espoused by a majority of courts. Those that have considered this issue have had an overly narrow view of both the problem and the impact. I will propose a new, global way of conceptualizing the interests of both the government and the individual. In Part I of this article, I will give an overview of the border search exception. In Part II, I will discuss the principal cases applying the border search exception to exit or export searches, as well as the criticisms of these cases. In Part III, I will demonstrate that the rationales for the border search exception, in general, applies to exit searches. In an Appendix, I have included a circuit-by-circuit and state-by-state list of the cases that have considered this issue.
A Holomorphic Characterization of Banach Spaces with Bases

Abstract Let E be a Banach space with a monotone normalized basis {b n }. Every holomorphic automorphism on the open unit ball E 1 of E is of the form where ; π permutation of N if and only if E is isometrically isomorphic to c o
Effects of intravenous infusion of high levels of potassium and sodium on mineral metabolism in sheep.

A metabolism trial was conducted with 18 crossbred (Finn x Dorset x Suffolk) wethers, fitted with indwelling jugular catheters and abomasal and ileal cannulas, to determine the effects of high levels of i.v.-infused K and Na on mineral metabolism. The wethers (40 kg) were fed 800 g daily of a 60% concentrate diet in two equal portions at 0800 and 1900. Six wethers were infused randomly with 19 g K+, six with 10.6 g Na+ (chloride salts) and the other six with physiological saline solution (1.2 g Na) per day. Potassium chloride or NaCl infusion had no effects on apparent absorption, retention, flow or partial absorption of Mg, Ca and P in the digestive tract compared with physiological saline infusion. With all treatments, Mg and Ca were absorbed proximal to the abomasal cannula. Magnesium was secreted into, whereas Ca and P were absorbed from, the small intestine. Phosphorus was secreted both in the stomach and large intestinal regions of the digestive tract. Major sites of K and Na absorption were the small and large intestines, respectively. Infusion of K increased (P less than .05) retention of K compared with Na infusion. Infusion of Na increased (P less than .05) excretion and retention of Na compared with K infusion. Serum minerals were not changed by K or Na infusion compared with saline. The results of this experiment indicate that the depressing effects of K on Mg absorption are not attributable to high levels of absorbed K, but rather to K present in the digestive tract prior to the small intestine.
The selective personalized radioimmunotherapy for locally advanced NSCLC trial (SPRINT).

TPS8571Background: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) can cause significant toxicities, and disease recurrence after treatment is common. We pre...
A Descriptive Analysis of Applied Behavior Analysis Research With Economically Disadvantaged Children

In the United States, approximately 43% of children under age 18 are considered economically disadvantaged. Research suggests that these children are at a greater risk for academic underperformance and dropping out of school than their peers who are not from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. As such, they may need effective educational interventions to improve their academic performance. The purpose of the current article is to describe the degree to which economically disadvantaged children are included in educational research in behavioral journals. Ninety-four studies were analyzed to determine the publication trends between 1968 and 2017. Studies were scored and categorized based on journal; publication year; several demographic characteristics for participants including age, income status, and disability diagnosis; and research designs, interventions, and target behaviors. Results suggest that economically disadvantaged children are increasingly included in behavior-analytic literature. However, there are opportunities for research with English language learners and children with disabilities. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Characterization of protein-ligand binding interactions of enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) by native MS reveals allosteric effects of coenzymes and the inhibitor triclosan

The enzyme enoyl-ACP reductase (also called FabI in bacteria) is an essential member of the fatty acid synthase II pathway in plants and bacteria. This enzyme is the target of the antibacterial drug triclosan and has been the subject of extensive studies for the past 20 years. Despite the large number of reports describing the biochemistry of this enzyme, there have been no studies that provided direct observation of the protein and its various ligands. Here we describe the use of native MS to characterize the protein-ligand interactions of FabI with its coenzymes NAD+ and NADH and with the inhibitor triclosan. Measurements of the gas-phase affinities of the enzyme for these ligands yielded values that are in close agreement with solution-phase affinity measurements. Additionally, FabI is a homotetramer and we were able to measure the affinity of each subunit for each coenzyme, which revealed that both coenzymes exhibit a positive homotropic allosteric effect. An allosteric effect was also observed in association with the inhibitor triclosan. These observations provide new insights into this well-studied enzyme and suggest that there may still be gaps in the existing mechanistic models that explain FabI inhibition.
Abstract 390: Gender Differences In Psychosocial Evaluation Of VAD Candidates: A Mixed Methods Study

Purpose: To describe potential gender differences in the psychosocial evaluation for left ventricular assist devices (VADs) using retrospective data from the DECIDE-LVAD trial. Method: Psychosocial...
Conductive 3D printing: resistivity dependence upon infill pattern and application to EMI shielding

Polymers filled with conductive carbon black allow for the 3D printing of electrically conductive samples. The resistivity of these 3D printed samples depends on both the microscopic parameters of the carbon black filler and also on the macroscopic arrangement of the extrudites that build up the 3D printed sample. To investigate this dependence, we characterize the resistivity of five different printing infill patterns and find that a cross-ply pattern, which has extrudites oriented both in the direction of current flow and perpendicular to the direction of current flow has a lower resistivity of $$0.229\,\Omega {\text{m}}$$ than the resistivity of $$0.458\,\Omega {\text{m}}$$ found for a uni-ply pattern with all extrudites oriented in the direction of current flow. A Monte Carlo simulation of a large network of variable resistors illustrates the feasibility that the lower resistivity of the cross-ply pattern is caused by cross-flow which diverts current around areas of high local resistance. The same type of 3D printed conductive samples are tested as electromagnetic shields at frequencies up to 3.0 GHz using a custom-designed flanged coaxial sample holder. The shielding effectiveness of three sample infill patterns and four sample infill densities is compared. Cross-ply and angle-ply samples show the most efficient shielding effectiveness (normalized to sample density) of $$17.5\,{\text{dB}}/{\text{g}}\,{\text{cm}}^{3}$$ at an infill density of 50% and would be the infill pattern of choice in an application constrained by weight or material.
Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) of Pt/CeO2 and its effect on propane dehydrogenation

Abstract Upon reduction at 975 °C, a strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) of CeO2 on Pt NPs leads to low rates for ethylene hydrogenation and propane dehydrogenation, but high olefin selectivity for the latter reaction. By contrast, reduction at 550 °C of Pt/CeO2, leads to 5 nm Pt NP’s with ethylene hydrogenation and propane dehydrogenation TORs and low olefin selectivity similar to Pt/SiO2. X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) shows formation of ∼15 nm monometallic Pt nanoparticles partially covered by SMSI CeO2. The propylene selectivity of Pt NP’s covered by SMSI CeO2 was ∼95 % suggesting there were few Pt ensembles capable of catalysing propane hydrogenolysis; while the remaining exposed Pt remain active for dehydrogenation reactions.
Secular dynamics of the triple system harbouring PSR J0337+1715 and implications for the origin of its orbital configuration

We explore secular dynamics of a recently discovered hierarchical triple system consisting of the radio pulsar PSR J0337+1715 and two white dwarfs (WDs). We show that three body interactions endow the inner binary with a large forced eccentricity and suppress its apsidal precession, to about 24% of the rate due to the general relativity. However, precession rate is still quite sensitive to the non-Newtonian effects and may be used to constrain gravity theories if measured accurately. Small value of the free eccentricity of the inner binary $e_{i}^{free}\approx 2.6\times 10^{-5}$ and vanishing forced eccentricity of the outer, relatively eccentric binary naturally result in their apsidal near-alignment. In addition, this triple system provides a unique opportunity to explore excitation of both eccentricity and inclination in neutron star-WD binaries, e.g. due to random torques caused by convective eddies in the WD progenitor. We show this process to be highly anisotropic and more effective at driving eccentricity rather than inclination. The outer binary eccentricity as well as $e_{i}^{free}$ exceed by more than an order of magnitude the predictions of the eccentricity-period relation of Phinney (1992), which is not uncommon. We also argue that the non-zero mutual inclination of the two binaries emerges at the end of the Roche lobe overflow of the outer (rather than the inner) binary.
On the link between emotional contagion and contagious yawning.

Abstract Palagi et al. (Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 111:149-165, 2020) propose a multidisciplinary approach to the study of spontaneous mimicry, focusing on comparative research on facial mimicry and contagious yawning. In doing so, the authors highlight connections between these behaviors and emotional contagion. The aim of this commentary is to critically evaluate the link between contagious yawning and emotional contagion, address the role of attention in contagious yawning, and promote further research examining the sensory and perceptual factors driving variability in contagious yawning. Contrary to the position of Palagi et al., a strong matching between emotional contagion and contagious yawning has not been established. Variation in contagious yawning appears to be driven by biased attentional processes and yawn detection rather than emotional sharing.
Universal machine learning for topology optimization

Abstract We put forward a general machine learning-based topology optimization framework, which greatly accelerates the design process of large-scale problems, without sacrifice in accuracy. The proposed framework has three distinguishing features. First, a novel online training concept is established using data from earlier iterations of the topology optimization process. Thus, the training is done during, rather than before, the topology optimization. Second, a tailored two-scale topology optimization formulation is adopted, which introduces a localized online training strategy. This training strategy can improve both the scalability and accuracy of the proposed framework. Third, an online updating scheme is synergistically incorporated, which continuously improves the prediction accuracy of the machine learning models by providing new data generated from actual physical simulations. Through numerical investigations and design examples, we demonstrate that the aforementioned framework is highly scalable and can efficiently handle design problems with a wide range of discretization levels, different load and boundary conditions, and various design considerations (e.g., the presence of non-designable regions).
Upcycling polyamide containing post-consumer Tetra Pak carton packaging to valuable chemicals and recyclable polymer.

Abstract Billion tons of post-consumer Tetra Pak cartons are discarded annually as land and ocean wastes, creating significant environmental problems and resource losses. Recycling of the carton wastes is hindered by its multi-material compositions and low values of the recycled products. In this study, a novel upcycling of the cartons was investigated. A post-consumer carton consisting of paper, polyolefin, and polyamide was directly converted in 210–230 °C tetrahydrofuran containing 10–20 mM acid to produce up to 19.2% of levoglucosenone and 8.6% of furfural by selectively decomposing paper fraction. The remaining solids containing mostly intact polyethylene and polyamide but also a smaller fraction of paper-derived char were separated using a solvent-dissolution method. The xylene-soluble fraction was a recycled polymer similar to the original polyethylene, which was verified by its functional groups, the composition of the pyrolysis products, and the melt rheology results. The xylene-insoluble fraction was a mixture of polyamide and paper-derived char. Upon pyrolysis, caprolactam was produced as the only major vapor product. The remaining, thermally stable paper-derived char could be used as a high-quality solid fuel. Overall, the demonstrated recycling method could potentially maximize the values of the products recovered from carton wastes.
The effect of stress and acculturation on the self-rated health of Arab Americans

Background The self-rated health of Arab Americans has been found to be worse than non-Hispanic whites. Psychosocial factors such as stress and acculturation may explain this disparity. As a result, we designed this survey to better understand the effects of stress and acculturation on the self-rated health of the Arab-American community. Materials and methods Using a convenience sample, we surveyed 142 self-identified Arab Americans regarding demographics, stress, acculturation, and self-rated health. Stress was measured using instruments assessing perceived stress, everyday discrimination, and acculturative stress. Acculturation was measured using a modified Vancouver Index of Acculturation. To measure self-rated health, participants were asked to rate their current health on a scale of 1 (very poor) to 5 (very good). Results A logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and education did not find that stress significantly affected the odds of having poor self-rated health in Arab Americans. Heritage identity was associated with lower odds of having poor self-rated health (odds ratio = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15, 0.94, P Conclusion Greater levels of stress were not significantly associated with greater odds of poor self-rated health in Arab Americans. We also found that greater heritage identity significantly decreased the odds of poor self-rated health in Arab Americans. The effects of everyday discrimination, perceived stress, and acculturation on self-rated health in Arab Americans remain unclear and need to be examined further.
RNAi for research and therapy

A report on the RNAi symposium at the Cambridge Healthtech Institute 'Beyond Genome' Conference, San Francisco, USA, 21-24 June 2004.
Market efficiency, the Mexican peso crisis, and the US bank stock returns

Abstract This paper examines the impact of the 1994 Mexican peso crisis on US bank returns using an event parameter approach. The event parameter approach explicitly predicts the stochastic return generating process on the occurrence or nonoccurrence of specific events. The event parameter method assumes that only the intercept term may vary between the estimation and analysis periods. Specifically, this study will examine two pairs of hypotheses, new information vs. information leakage and rational pricing vs. investor contagion, in the context of the 1994 Mexican peso and banking crisis. The empirical results support the new information hypothesis, which states that US stock prices reacted quickly to events related to the Mexican peso crisis. This research has also found evidence for bank contagion, although these did not spill over to other banks. The US government and international agencies acted promptly to contain the effect of the Mexican peso and banking crisis spreading to the US and to other Latin American countries.
A Hybrid Surface Energy Balance Approach For The Estimation Of Evapotranspiration In Agricultural Areas

A hybrid modeling approach for aerial estimation of crop evapotranspiration in irrigated areas using satellite imagery is proposed. The approach uses the basal crop coefficient method updated with reflectance‐base crop coefficients as the underlying model. The energy balance approach is used to update the soil water status in the root zone of the crop. Preliminary data show that the crop coefficient seasonal trends support the logic of the approach.
The PMTRAS Roll Aspect System on RHESSI

High-resolution solar hard X-ray imaging on the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) spacecraft is achieved by a set of rotating modulation collimators. The interpretation of the observed time-modulated X-ray flux in terms of high-resolution, accurately located images requires continuous, arc-minute roll aspect, which at present is provided by the ‘Photo-Multiplier Tube Roll Aspect System’ (PMTRAS). This paper describes the PMTRAS operating principles, hardware implementation, calibration, performance and data analysis approach, with emphasis on its effect on RHESSI imaging.