cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of chitin and chitosan on the incidence and severity of Fusarium yellows of celery

Bell, A. A., Hubbard, J. C., Liu, L., Davis, R. M., and Subbarao, K. V. 1998. Effects of ch itin and chitosan on the incidence and severity of Fusarium yellows in celery. Plant Dis. 82:322-328. The effects of chitin and chitosan on disease incidence and severity of Fusarium yellows of celery and on populations of Fusarium oxysporum were investigated between 1994 and 1996. Field experiments were conducted at two locations with a history of severe Fusarium yellows. Disease incidence and severity were significantly reduced by pre-plant chitin amendments to soil. Chitosan applied as a root dip alone did not reduce disease incidence but significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced disease severity when used with a tolerant celery cultivar. Standard soil dilution methods were used to enumerate populations of soil microflora. Ch itin increased bacterial and actinomycete populations in soil in 2 of the 3 years of study. The effects of potential biocontrol agents recovered from chitin-treated plots in 1995 were studied in 1996; enriching the transplant medium with isolates of bacteria and actinomycetes 4 weeks and 1 week prior to transplanting did not alter the established equilibrium in the field, and no biocontrol effect was observed. Chitin amendments to soil or chitosan treatment of transplants did not reduce soil populations of F. oxysporum. Whether these treatments affected the F. oxysporum f. sp. apii subpopulation within the F. oxysporum population could not be determined.
Shock Wave Lithoripsy with the Dornier MFL 5000 Lithotriptor Using an External Fixed Rate Signal

AbstractPurpose: We examine the effects of fixed rate shock wave administration on the cardiac rhythm and treatment efficacy of a tubless lithotriptor (Dornier MFL 5000* *Dornier Medical Systems, Marietta, Georgia.). A secondary goal was to examine the treatment efficacy of fixed shock were administration compared to R wave triggered lithotripsy.Materials and Methods: In this prospective study Holter monitoring was used before, during and after nonR wave triggered shock wave lithotripsy.Results: An increase in premature ventricular contractions was noted during shock wave lithotripsy. However, there were no episodes of significant ventricular ectopia, ventricular tachycardia, asystole or heart block as a result of nonR wave triggered shock wave administration. NonR wave gated shock wave lithotripsy expedited patient treatment (mean treatment time 46 plus/minus 21 minutes), minimized the use of sedation during treatment and produced results similar to R wave gated shock wave lithotripsy with the MFL 5000 l...
Machine learning for fast quadrupedal locomotion

For a robot, the ability to get from one place to another is one of the most basic skills. However, locomotion on legged robots is a challenging multidimensional control problem. This paper presents a machine learning approach to legged locomotion, with all training done on the physical robots. The main contributions are a specification of our fully automated learning environment and a detailed empirical comparison of four different machine learning algorithms for learning quadrupedal locomotion. The resulting learned walk is considerably faster than all previously reported hand-coded walks for the same robot platform.
Acceptability of a Wearable Vital Sign Detection System

This study assessed the human factors issues associated with wearing a Vital Sign Detection System (VSDS), a body worn physiological monitoring system. Experienced combat Soldiers (n = 27) participated in a combat training exercise of ∼ 120 hr while wearing the VSDS. They were then given a questionnaire to assess comfort, physical impact on the body, and acceptability of the VSDS as well as questions on fit, impact on performance, and durability of the VSDS. Comfort was impacted the most by the VSDS when in the prone position, possibly affecting sleep, and prone position rifle shooting. Skin irritation or discomfort was reported in 85% of respondents. Sixty-two percent thought the VSDS was not acceptable to wear for ≥ 8 hr. Yet, at the same time, 92% of Soldiers approved of the concept for health monitoring, and 89% said they would wear the VSDS as is if it could help save their life. The VSDS needs to be modified to be more comfortable before it can be fielded for medical monitoring of Soldiers in the field.
Altered Excitability of the Crayfish Lateral Giant Escape Reflex during Agonistic Encounters

The excitability of the lateral giant escape reflex of socially dominant and submissive crayfish at rest and during agonistic encounters was studied and compared. During agonistic encounters the excitability of the lateral giant reflex falls, substantially in subordinates and slightly in dominants, whereas at rest excitability seems to be independent of social status. Thus, paradoxically, socially dominant animals are more likely to execute lateral giant escape reactions during interactions than are subordinates. It is suggested that subordinates under threat of attack tend to engage circuitry involved in flexible, nonreflex (“voluntary”) types of escape not mediated by giant neurons and therefore inhibit giant neuron-mediated reflex circuitry that produces prompt, but less adaptive, responses. In contrast, dominants go about their business, mainly ignoring their conspecifics and relying on reflex escape to protect them from unexpected attack. Consistent with this view, escape of subordinates during agonistic encounters is mediated by nongiant, not reflex, circuitry. These observations and their interpretation suggest a possible functional role for recently described social status-dependent serotonergic modulation of the lateral giant reflex, which is inhibitory in sign in subordinates and facilitatory in dominants.
Abstract C156: GPCRs as potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a dense fibrotic stromal matrix, composed of activated fibroblasts (PFs)/stellate cells (PSCs), immune/inflammatory cells and other cell types. This unique tumor microenvironment is increasingly recognized as a key mediator of PDAC progression and drug resistance. Targeting the tumor stroma may thus be a therapeutic approach for PDAC. Pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myofibroblast-like cells that produce extracellular matrix proteins, are responsible for the desmoplasia in PDAC. PSCs and PFs are the key progenitors of CAFs. Blocking the activity of CAFs may be a means to improve the therapy and prognosis of PDAC. We hypothesized that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed by pancreatic CAFs are potential therapeutic targets for PDAC. To begin to test this hypothesis, we used an unbiased GPCRomic array approach to identify and quantify the GPCRs expressed by pancreatic CAFs. We discovered that 104 GPCRs have shared expression in CAFs from the primary tumors of five patients; 35 of those GPCRs had at least a 2-fold increased expression in CAFs compared to both PSCs and PFs. An orphan GPCR that we term Orphan 1 is one of the most highly up-regulated GPCRs in CAFs. We found that: 1) co-culture of PSCs with a PDAC cell line (ASPC-1) increases expression of fibrotic markers and Orphan 1 GPCR; 2) Transfection of Orphan 1 GPCR in PSCs increases the expression of fibrotic markers; 3) siRNA knockdown of Orphan 1 in CAFs decreases fibrotic marker expression and cytokine secretion. We conclude that GPCRomics can identify GPCRs that regulate pancreatic CAFs. One such GPCR, Orphan 1, contributes to pro-fibrotic activities in CAFs and is a potential therapeutic target to blunt the fibrosis associated with pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Shu Zhou, Sarah Chang, Thalia McCann, Randall French, Andrew M. Lowy, Paul A. Insel. GPCRs as potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr C156.
Estimating Individual Risk for Lung Cancer

Lung cancer risk prediction models hold the promise of improving patient care and streamlining research. The ultimate goal of these models is to inform clinicians as to which interventions their individual patients should receive to reduce lung cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. In this paper, we discuss the history and current state of lung cancer prediction models, focusing on three models: the Bach model, the Spitz model, and the Liverpool Lung Project (LLP) model. We also discuss the prospects for further development of improved prediction models for lung cancer risk. Although current models can identify those smokers at highest risk for lung cancer, these models are presently of limited use in the clinical setting. Nevertheless, lung cancer risk prediction models can be used during study enrollment to select more appropriate study subjects, and may eventually be useful in identifying patients for lung cancer screening or to receive chemoprevention.
Sub-Bandgap Optical Absorption in Amorphous Silicon using Photo-Pyroelectric Spectroscopy

Measurements of the optical absorption spectrum of doped and undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) for photon energies ranging from 0.8 to 2.5 eV are obtained using photo-pyroelectric spectroscopy (PPES). This technique, based upon the pyroelectric effect, has a simpler experimental set-up than photo-thermal deflection spectroscopy, and presently has a sensitivity of ad > 10 -3 , where d is the sample thickness. In addition, using PPES we have measured the non-radiative quantum efficiency in a-Si:H, and find that it has a strong wavelength dependence for sub-bandgap illumination.
A cylindrically symmetric “micro-Mott” electron polarimeter

A small, novel, cylindrically symmetric Mott electron polarimeter is described. The effective Sherman function, Seff, or analyzing power, for 20 kV Au target bias with a 1.3 keV energy loss window is 0.16 ± 0.01, where uncertainty in the measurement is due primarily to uncertainty in the incident electron polarization. For an energy loss window of 0.5 keV, Seff reaches its maximum value of 0.24 ± 0.02. The device’s maximum efficiency, I/Io, defined as the detected count rate divided by the incident particle rate, is 3.7 ± 0.2 × 10−4 at 20 keV. The figure-of-merit of the device, η, is defined as Seff2IIo and equals 9.0 ± 1.6 × 10−6. Potential sources of false asymmetries due to detector electronic asymmetry and beam misalignment have been investigated. The new polarimeter’s performance is compared to published results for similar compact retarding-field Mott polarimeters, and it is concluded that this device has a relatively large Seff and low efficiency. SIMION® electron trajectory simulations and Sherman function calculations are presented to explain the differences in performance between this device and previous designs. This design has an Seff that is insensitive to spatial beam fluctuations and, for an energy loss window >0.5 keV, negligible background due to spurious ion and X-ray production at the target.
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to HIV and Their Role in Vaccine Design

HIV employs multiple means to evade the humoral immune response, particularly the elicitation of and recognition by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Such antibodies can act antivirally against a wide spectrum of viruses by targeting relatively conserved regions on the surface HIV envelope trimer spike. Elicitation of and recognition by bnAbs are hindered by the arrangement of spikes on virions and the relatively difficult access to bnAb epitopes on spikes, including the proximity of variable regions and a high density of glycans. Yet, in a small proportion of HIV-infected individuals, potent bnAb responses do develop, and isolation of the corresponding monoclonal antibodies has been facilitated by identification of favorable donors with potent bnAb sera and by development of improved methods for human antibody generation. Molecular studies of recombinant Env trimers, alone and in interaction with bnAbs, are providing new insights that are fueling the development and testing of promising immunogens...
On the reason and model of the relationship between science and technology:An analysis of the "phenomenon"-based spectral cognitive

Suspending the "what" aspect in the nature of "science" and "technology", this paper selects "how" as an entry path to explore the association during the process of the emergence, growth and evolution of science and technology to make clear the foundation and model of the relationship between science and technology.By focusing on the integraty of this relationship, we try to put forward the inner basis and reason of many cognitive view on this issue. By revealing the common "natural phenomenon" based derivative mechanism of science and technology and "recursive mutual borrowing" occurred in the process, eventually lead to a "symbiosis evolution" picture in the history of science and technology, sums up the cognitive spectrum on the relationship between science and technology root in their type, dynamic and homology of nature.
Pneumococcal hemolytic uremic syndrome and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome

Pneumococcal-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (pHUS) is a rare but severe complication of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. We report the case of a 12-year-old female with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome treated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (H.P. Acthar ® Gel), who developed pneumococcal pneumonia and subsequent pHUS. While nephrotic syndrome is a well-known risk factor for invasive pneumococcal disease, this is the first reported case of pHUS in an adolescent patient with nephrotic syndrome, and reveals novel challenges in the diagnosis, treatment and potential prevention of this complication.
Transcript Analysis for Internal Biodosimetry Using Peripheral Blood from Neuroblastoma Patients Treated with 131I-mIBG, a Targeted Radionuclide

Calculating internal dose from therapeutic radionuclides currently relies on estimates made from multiple radiation exposure measurements, converted to absorbed dose in specific organs using the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) schema. As an alternative biodosimetric approach, we utilized gene expression analysis of whole blood from patients receiving targeted radiotherapy. Collected blood from patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma who received 131I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-mIBG) at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) was used to compare calculated internal dose with the modulation of chosen gene expression. A total of 40 patients, median age 9 years, had blood drawn at baseline, 72 and 96 h after 131I-mIBG infusion. Whole-body absorbed dose was calculated for each patient based on the cumulated activity determined from injected mIBG activity and patient-specific time-activity curves combined with 131I whole-body S factors. We then assessed transcripts that we...
Bacillus mojavensis RRC101 Lipopeptides Provoke Physiological and Metabolic Changes During Antagonism Against Fusarium verticillioides

The mycotoxigenic pathogen Fusarium verticillioides threatens the quality and utility of maize across industrial and agricultural purposes. Chemical control is complicated by the intimate endophytic lifestyle of the pathogen with its host. Bacillus mojavensis RRC101, a maize-endophytic bacterium, has been observed to reduce F. verticillioides disease severity and fumonisin accumulation when coinoculated to maize. Genome sequencing and annotation identified a number of biocontrol-relevant pathways in RRC101. Biochemical assays confirmed the presence and activity of surfactin- and fengycin-type lipopeptides, with fengycins responsible for antifungal activity against F. verticillioides. This antagonism manifests as inhibition of filamentous growth, with microscopy revealing hyphal distortions, vacuolization, and lysis. F. verticillioides secondary metabolism also responds to antagonism, with lipopeptide challenge inducing greater fumonisin production and, in the case of fengycins, eliciting pigment accumulat...
Twitter Fingerprints as Active Authenticators

Leveraging data drawn from the Web, or rather web analytics, has been used to gain business intelligence, increase sales, and optimize websites. Yet beyond the domain of ecommerce that web analytics is typically associated with, authentication based upon user interactions with the Web is also obtainable. Authentication is able to be achieved because just as individuals display unique mannerisms in everyday life, users interact with technology in unique manners. Leveraging these unique patterns, or "cognitive fingerprints", for security purposes can be referred to as active authentication. Active authentication stands to add extra security without added burden, as users are allowed the capability to simply interact with technology in their natural manner. Past research on active authentication has looked at areas such as mouse pattern movements, screen tough patterns on smartphones, and web browsing behavior. Our focus here is web browsing behavior. Specifically, we seek to extend past active authentication research done on Reddit. In this research, we examine the ability of Twitter-specific features to serve as authenticators, by examining the behavior of 50 random Twitter users. Through leveraging data mining and machine learning techniques, we conduct three levels of analysis: (1) we survey the ability of Twitter-specific behavioral features from a broad perspective to determine the feasibility Twitter fingerprints as a form of active authentication, (2) we compare aggregated and non-aggregated datasets to determine whether it is better to aggregate user behavior or look at posts individually, and (3) we examine whether certain features are more important for discrimination than others. The first level of analysis suggests that the posting behavior on Twitter follows the power law of human activity and that users can be uniquely identified with a fairly decent level of accuracy. Second, we find that aggregating the data significantly improves F-scores. Lastly, our examination suggests that there is not any specific feature that serves as more discriminative than others. Rather, what is discriminative for one user may not be for another user.
Classifiers Unclassified: An Efficient Approach to Revealing IP Traffic Classification Rules

A variety of network management practices, from bandwidth management to zero-rating, use policies that apply selectively to different categories of Internet traffic (e.g., video, P2P, VoIP). These policies are implemented by middleboxes that must, in real time, assign traffic to a category using a classifier. Despite their important implications for network management, billing, and net neutrality, little is known about classifier implementations because middlebox vendors use proprietary, closed-source hardware and software. In this paper, we develop a general, efficient methodology for revealing classifiers' matching rules without needing to explore all permutations of flow sizes and contents in our testbed environment. We then use it to explore implementations of two other carrier-grade middleboxes (one of which is currently deployed in T-Mobile). Using packet traces from more than 1,000,000 requests from 300 users, we find that all the devices we test use simple keyword-based matching rules on the first two packets of HTTP/S traffic and small fractions of payload contents instead of stateful matching rules during an entire flow. Our analysis shows that different vendors use different matching rules, but all generally focus on a small number of HTTP, TLS, or content headers. Last, we explore the potential for misclassification based on observed matching rules and discuss implications for subversion and net neutrality violations.
Predictors of Depression Among Adult Women With Diabetes in the United States: An Analysis Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data From 2007 to 2012.

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to identify the sex-specific characteristics that predict depression among adult women with diabetes.MethodsData from the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States were used to identify the predictors of depression in a large sample of women ages 20 years and older with diabetes (n = 946).ResultsWhen extrapolated to almost 9 million women in the United States ≥ 20 years of age with diabetes, 19.0% had depression. Female-specific significant predictors of depression included younger age (< 65 years old), less than high school graduation, self-rated fair or poor health, inactivity due to poor health, and pain that interferes with usual activities. Marital status and diabetes-related factors (years living with diabetes, use of insulin, parent or sibling with diabetes) were not significant predictors of depression in adult women with diabetes.ConclusionWhen educating and counseling women with diabetes, diabetes educators should be aware...
Emotion regulation strategy selection in daily life: The role of social context and goals

Recent studies have begun to document the diversity of ways people regulate their emotions. However, one unanswered question is why people regulate their emotions as they do in everyday life. In the present research, we examined how social context and goals influence strategy selection in daily high points and low points. As expected, suppression was particularly tied to social features of context: it was used more when others were present, especially non-close partners, and when people had instrumental goals, especially more interpersonal ones (e.g., avoid conflict). Distraction and reappraisal were used more when regulating for hedonic reasons (e.g., to feel better), but these strategies were also linked to certain instrumental goals (e.g., getting work done). When contra-hedonic regulation occurred, it primarily took the form of dampening positive emotion during high points. Suppression was more likely to be used for contra-hedonic regulation, whereas reappraisal and distraction were used more for pro-hedonic regulation. Overall, these findings highlight the social nature of emotion regulation and underscore the importance of examining regulation in both positive and negative contexts.
Consequences for Minorities

Chapter Six, “Consequences for Minorities,” investigates the significance of the finding that student achievement can be raised efficiently throughout the K-12 years by individualizing task difficulty and supplying rapid performance feedback. Chapter Six draws upon data from the National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS), a nationally-representative sample of eighth-grade students who were followed for 12 years, to investigate the predicted results for racial minorities of implementing a system that raises student achievement over the K-12 years by one standard deviation. The results indicate very large predicted impacts on key educational outcomes. The results predict that the number of black and Hispanic students who attain baccalaureate degrees would double.
Dual Frequency Millimeter-Wave Illumination of a Detector Diode

In this letter, a GaAs beam lead diode is illuminated by two fixed W-band millimeter-wave frequencies to assess the difference frequency response at the X-band. Measured results are compared with an expected mixed frequency response, utilizing a Volterra series expansion solution, which considers the reactive component influences under nonconjugate matching conditions. A nonlinear model is assessed with the solution approach to predict potential performance. A nonconjugate matched condition provides good agreement with less than 2-dB variation across the central slice of the response.
Excited state properties of 5-formylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine

Excited state properties are investigated for two natural analogues of cytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and 5-formylcytosine (5fC). Excited state calculations using multi-reference perturba...
Cancer-Related Acute Pain: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Interventions for Putting Evidence Into Practice.

Background Identifying and implementing evidence-based interventions for cancer-related acute pain can decrease adverse effects and improve quality of life. . Objectives This article presents current evidence supporting interventions to reduce cancer-related acute pain. . Methods PubMed and CINAHL® databases were searched to identify studies addressing interventions to manage acute pain in patients with cancer. The interventions are categorized according to the Putting Evidence Into Practice classification schema. . Findings Interventions that are recommended for practice in the management of acute pain include epidural analgesia and local anesthetic infusions. Interventions likely to be effective include pharmacologic interventions, such as gabapentin and intraspinal analgesia, and nonpharmacologic interventions, such as music therapy. Methodologically stronger clinical trials of new and existing therapies are needed to provide clinicians with accurate resources for managing cancer-related acute pain.
Safety, pharmacokinetics, metabolism and radiation dosimetry of 18F-tetrafluoroborate (18F-TFB) in healthy human subjects

18F-Tetrafluoroborate (18F-TFB) is a promising iodide analog for PET imaging of thyroid cancer and sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) reporter activity in viral therapy applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry of high-specific activity 18F-TFB in healthy human subjects. 18F-TFB was synthesized with specific activity of 3.2 ± 1.3 GBq/μmol (at the end of synthesis). Dynamic and whole-body static PET/CT scans over 4 h were performed after intravenous administration of 18F-TFB (333–407 MBq) in four female and four male healthy volunteers (35 ± 11 years old). Samples of venous blood and urine were collected over the imaging period and analyzed by ion-chromatography HPLC to determine tracer stability. Vital signs and clinical laboratory safety assays were measured to evaluate safety. 18F-TFB administration was well tolerated with no significant findings on vital signs and no clinically meaningful changes in clinical laboratory assays. Left-ventricular blood pool time-activity curves showed a multi-phasic blood clearance of 18F-radioactivity with the two rapid clearance phases over the first 20 min, followed by a slower clearance phase. HPLC analysis showed insignificant 18F-labeled metabolites in the blood and urine over the length of the study (4 h). High uptakes were seen in the thyroid, stomach, salivary glands, and bladder. Urinary clearance of 18F-TFB was prominent. Metabolic stability was evidenced by low accumulation of 18F-radioactivity in the bone. Effective doses were 0.036 mSv/MBq in males and 0.064 mSv/MBq in females (p = 0.08, not significant). This initial study in healthy human subjects showed 18F-TFB was safe and distributed in the human body similar to other iodide analogs. These data support further translational studies with 18F-TFB as NIS gene reporter and imaging biomarker for thyroid cancer and other disease processes that import iodide.
Histotripsy—From nucleation of bubbles to tissue disruption

Histotripsy utilizes focused ultrasound to nucleate gas bubbles deep within tissue and the associated bubble activity to induce biological effects at the level of tissue disruption/emulsification. Ultrasonic fields for inducing such effects include both pulses with as little as a single predominant negative half cycle to pulses with thousands of cycles and more. Different ensembles of bubbles leads to differing proposed mechanisms for tissue damage. Control of the damaged area is due to the threshold phenomena associated with the nucleation and the large focal gain in the main lobe, where the tissue disruption can be confined to fractions of the lateral beam width with little collateral damage. In addition, manipulation of the residual nuclei from a given ultrasound pulse can control cavitation events in subsequent pulses to allow greater and more uniform effects. The degree of tissue damage is equally impressive where disruption can be down to the subcellular level. At the same time, ultrasound parameter...
Model Pendidikan Akhlaq Santri di Pesantren dalam Meningkatkan Akhlaq Siswa Di Kabupaten Bireuen

The research was conducted begins on government policy on implementation of Islamic sharia in Aceh. Pesantren’s education pattern has emphasized more on strengthen professional fields simultanously and strengthenIislamic scope dan akhlakul karimah (character education). Qualitative method was used in this study with descriptive approach. Result showed that curriculum currently used in pesantren is refer to dayah salafi ( traditional pesantren ) in Aceh, which used Kitab as main source of knowledge in teaching process. While media used in teaching process were Arab’s Kitab, video, playback of religious lectures, and wall magazines. The methode used in teaching process were advice, teacher exemplary, teaching and counseling, habituation of religious practice, motivation straightening, coordination with santri’s parents, and coordination with dayah’s stakeholder, morals coaching output, and reward and punishment methods. Abstrak Penelitian dilakukan berawal dari kebijakan Pemerintah terhadap implementasi syariat Islam di Aceh. Pola pendidikan pesantren memiliki tradisi dan kultur akademik yang lebih menekankan pada penguatan bidang profesional secarasi simultan, serta penguatan pada bidang-bidang keislaman dan pendidikan akhlakul karimah . Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif .. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kurikulum yang berlaku di pesantren semuanya mengacu kepada kurikulum dayah salafi di Aceh dengan menjadikan kitab sebagai sumber utama dalam proses belajar mengajar. Media yang digunakan pada proses pembelajaran adalah kitab-kitab Arab, tayangan vidio, pemutaran ceramah agama dan pemanfaatan madding . Sedangkan metode yang digunakan meliputi metode nasehat, keteladanan guru, bimbingan dan pendampingan, praktek dan pembiasaan amalan ibadah, pelurusan motivasi, koordinasi dengan wali santri, koordinasi dengan stakeholder dayah, out put pembinaan akhlak dan reward serta punisment .
Culturally relevant mathematics: students' cultural engagement with statistics

This poster reports on the results of a culturally relevant mathematics unit, the Community Mapping Project (CMP), where urban students learned statistics by producing and analyzing maps of their own community using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). In this poster we show how three aspects of culturally relevant pedagogy, familiarity of context and authentic purpose, and informal linguistic competencies succeeded in engaging youth at a crucial point of their statistics research project, choosing a research question.
Rethinking the Concept of Integration

Recent commentary on the progress of racial integration indicates increasingly pessimistic assessments of the legacy of Brown v. Board of Education. One group of critics, such as Jonathan Kozol and Gary Orfield, remain wedded to the decision’s fundamental rightness, but charge that we have utterly failed to live up to its vision: that our schools, and indeed our society, have never truly desegregated, or have begun to resegregate. Another group of critics, such as Derrick Bell and Roy Brooks, question the wisdom of “integration” as an absolute ideal, suggesting that perhaps civil rights lawyers and activists who have fought for increasingly complicated and burdensome desegregation plans are inadvertently harming the very population they aim to help.Both groups of critics use terms like "segregation", "desegregation" and "integration" in complex but unexamined ways. In order to assess whether integration is truly a worthy ideal, we need to have a clear understanding of what the concept truly means. Critics of integration as an ideal, such as Iris Young, often conflate it with a narrow legal understanding of desegregation. This narrow understanding essentially turns desegregation into the compulsory assimilation of racial minorities, and therefore deserves to be rejected as a model of integration. Yet this paper examines other possible models of integration which are not so vulnerable to this critique. First, I suggest that the lofty model of integration derived from the early civil rights movement of a beloved community is certainly a worthy ideal, but perhaps an implausible one given our present reality. Alternatively, I examine the allegedly post-integrationist visions of racial justice provided by Iris Young, Sheryll Cashin, and Roy Brooks, contending that these visions may better be understood as a kind of transitional integration rather than as alternatives to integration. This model of transitional integration allows the possibility of mutual transformation rather than simply assimilation, thus suggesting a dynamic racial future whose precise contours we cannot specify in the present.
Moving grating for enhanced holographic recording in cerium-doped Sr(0.6)Ba(0.4)Nb(2)O(6).

We demonstrate that holographic recording in photorefractive materials can be improved by using a moving grating to reduce energy coupling. In cerium-doped Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6 under an applied dc electric field, experimental and theoretical results show that the proper grating velocity can maximize the modulus and the real part of the space-charge field while reducing the imaginary component of the space-charge field (and energy coupling) to zero. Avoiding energy transfer between the recording beams allows us to maintain maximum contrast throughout the crystal, producing a uniform, high-index-modulation grating with enhanced diffraction efficiency and superposition properties.
Human Gene Mapping in the Analysis of Oncogenes

Recent advances in human gene mapping have assigned more than 420 genes to various human chromosomes. Regional mapping of genes to specific sites within the chromosome has also been achieved. In addition, more than 130 random human DNA segments have been mapped. This accomplishment has mainly resulted from somatic cell genetics and more recently from recombinant DNA technology and in situ hybridization. Human/rodent cell hybrids can be constructed for retaining specific human chromosomes. Useful hybrid clone panels have been established which contain unique combinations of human chromosomes for convenient synteny analysis. Recombinant DNA techniques have provided means for a direct assay of the structural genes in the human genome by Southern blot analysis. Recombinant DNA techniques have provided means for a direct assay of the structural genes in the human genome by Southern blot analysis. Using these methods, at least 9 oncogenes have been successfully assigned to specific human chromosomes. Recent findings that certain oncogenes are located in the chromosomal regions involved in consistent translocations found in certain cancers have prompted extensive research activities attempting to elucidate the role of oncogenes in eliciting these malignancies. Genetic predisposition to certain forms of cancer has been shown to involve specific chromosomal deletions, suggesting a recessive nature of the genes involved. It appears essential to identify genes in these deleted regions. Together with gene mapping methodologies and genetic fine structure analysis, alterations on the nucleotide level involving structural or regulatory sequences may be detected which may underlie the molecular etiology of certain human neoplasia.
Multilevel Analysis of Child and Adolescent Subjective Well-Being Across 14 Countries: Child- and Country-Level Predictors.

This study tests an ecological, relationship-based model of children's subjective well-being with 9- to 14-year-old children (n = 25,906) from 14 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Children completed the Children's Worlds survey, a self-report measure of contextual and well-being indicators. Multilevel modeling was used to predict children's well-being (life satisfaction and self-image) at two levels, child (age, gender, home context, family relationships, peer relationships, school context, teacher relationships, and neighborhood quality), and country (gross domestic product and income inequality). Findings indicated that intercepts varied significantly across countries. The majority of variance in children's well-being was attributed to child-level rather than country-level factors. Country-level factors did not strongly predict well-being but marginally improved model fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Colon Epithelial MicroRNA Network in Fatty Liver.

Background & Aims. Intestinal barrier alterations are associated with fatty liver (FL) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), but microRNA (miR) signaling pathways in MetS-FL pathogenesis remain unclear. This study investigates an epithelial-focused miR network in colorectal cell models based on the previously reported MetS-FL miR trio of hsa-miR-142-3p, hsa-miR-18b, and hsa-miR-890. Methods. Each miR mimic construct of MetS-FL miR trio was transfected into human colorectal cells, CRL-1790 or Caco-2. Global miRNome changes posttransfection were profiled (nCounter® Human v3 miRNA, NanoString Technologies). Changes in barrier (transepithelial electrical resistance, TEER) and epithelial cell junction structure (Occludin and Zona Occludens-1/ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining-confocal microscopy) were examined pre- and posttransfection in Caco-2 cell monolayers. A signaling network was constructed from the MetS-FL miR trio, MetS-FL miR-induced colorectal miRNome changes, ZO-1, and Occludin. Results. Transfection of CRL-1790 cells with each MetS-FL miR mimic led to global changes in the cellular miRNome profile, with 288 miRs being altered in expression by more than twofold. Eleven miRs with known cytoskeletal and metabolic roles were commonly altered in expression by all three miR mimics. Transfection of Caco-2 cell monolayers with each MetS-FL miR mimic induced barrier-associated TEER variations and led to structural modifications of ZO-1 and Occludin within epithelial cell junctions. Pathway analysis incorporating the MetS-FL miR trio, eleven common target miRs, ZO-1, and Occludin revealed a signaling network centered on TNF and AKT2, which highlights injury, inflammation, and hyperplasia. Conclusions. Colon-specific changes in epithelial barriers, cell junction structure, and a miRNome signaling network are described from functional studies of a MetS-FL miR trio signature.
Calibration in Older and Middle-aged Drivers: Relationship between Subjective and Objective Glance Performance at Complex Intersections:

Older drivers are an at-risk population for automobile crashes, especially at intersections. Intersection maneuvers demand a series of motor and visual responses executed at specific proximities an...
Student views on campus sexual assault.

AbstractObjective: To report on college student opinions about the scope of college sexual misconduct (CSM), suggested university sanctions, and treatment of students found responsible of CSM.Parti...
Differential projective modules over differential rings

Differential modules over a commutative differential ring which are projective as ring modules, with differential homomorphisms, form an additive category. Every projective ring module is shown occ...
Radiator: A cloud-based framework for deploying re-usable bioinformatics tools

Abstract Summary Accessibility and usability of compute-intensive bioinformatics tools can be increased with simplified web-based graphic user interfaces. However, deploying such tools as web applications presents additional barriers, including the complexity of developing a usable interface, network latency in transferring large datasets, and cost, which we encountered in developing a web-based version of our command-line tool CellNet. Learning and generalizing from this experience, we have devised a lightweight framework, Radiator, to facilitate deploying bioinformatics tools as web applications. To achieve reproducibility, usability, consistent accessibility, throughput, and cost-efficiency, Radiator is designed to be deployed on the cloud. Here, we describe the internals of Radiator and how to use it. Availability and Implementation Code for Radiator and the CellNet Web Application are freely available at https://github.com/pcahan1 under the MIT license. The CellNet WebApp, Radiator, and Radiator-derived applications can be launched through public Amazon Machine Images from the cloud provider Amazon Web Services (AWS) (https://aws.amazon.com/).
Magnifying glass on spiradenoma and cylindroma histogenesis and tumorigenesis using systematic transcriptome analysis

Abstract Spiradenoma and cylindroma are related sweat gland tumors. To delineate their histogenesis, gene profiles, and their potential drivers, we performed a whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis of fourteen samples of spiradenoma/cylindroma in comparison to normal samples. A total of 12 spiradenomas, 5 cylindromas, 3 hybrid spiradenomas/cylindromas and 2 adnexal carcinomas were included in this study. 1335 characteristic genes and transcripts expressed over all 14 spiradenoma/cylindroma tumors were identified, and two groups of expression profiles were observed. Highest upregulated top 7 gene signatures characterized benign tumors with developmental and differentiation related genes, and carcinomas with top 7 genes mainly related to signaling, reorganization and metabolism of membranes. Immunohistochemistry of protein expressions validated 4 upregulated genes (ODAM, HOXB13, MYB and SOX10) considered important and as potential biomarkers for spiradenomas and cylindromas. We further compared the transcriptome of eccrine adnexal tumors with the transcriptome of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) to identify the overlapping genes that may indicate histogenesis. There were 36 specific genes overlapping between adnexal carcinomas and the epithelial-dominant subtype of ACC, and 27 specific genes overlapping benign adnexal tumors with the myoepithelial-dominant subtype of ACC, At this point there is no known specific biomarker to aid in the diagnosis of eccrine spiradenoma and cylindroma in small samples or biopsies within the context of morphological overlap with ACC. In conclusion, spiradenomas and cylindromas are characterized by overexpressed developmental genes, where LHX2 and activated WNT signaling possibly drive associated carcinomas.
Contemporary Etiologies, Mechanisms, and Surgical Approaches in Pure Native Aortic Regurgitation.

Abstract Objective To study contemporary etiologies, mechanisms, and corresponding surgical approaches in isolated aortic regurgitation (AR). Patients and Methods Consecutive patients undergoing surgery for moderately severe and severe AR were retrospectively identified from January 1, 2006, through October 20, 2017. Intraoperative echocardiograms, surgical reports, and pathology reports were reviewed. Results Of 382 patients (54±16 years, 82% men), there were 207 (54%) tricuspid (TAV), 167 (44%) bicuspid (BAV), 5 quadricuspid, and 3 unicuspid aortic valves. Isolated AR mechanisms (n=116, 30%) included cusp prolapse (n=44, 11%), restriction/retraction (n=33, 9%), aortic root dilatation (n=33, 9%), perforation (n=5, 1%), and fenestration ( Conclusions BAV accounted for 44% of surgical referrals for AR and, compared with TAV, was more often associated with prolapse, root dilatation, and mixed mechanisms of AR. Because mechanisms affected the choice of AVr differently in BAV and TAV, comprehensive mechanistic description of surgical AR is critical.
CRISPR-Cas III-A Csm6 CARF Domain Is a Ring Nuclease Triggering Stepwise cA4Cleavage with ApA>p Formation Terminating RNase Activity.

Type III-A CRISPR-Cas surveillance complexes containing multi-subunit Csm effector, guide, and target RNAs exhibit multiple activities, including formation of cyclic-oligoadenylates (cAn) from ATP and subsequent cAn-mediated cleavage of single-strand RNA (ssRNA) by the trans-acting Csm6 RNase. Our structure-function studies have focused on Thermococcus onnurineus Csm6 to deduce mechanistic insights into how cA4 binding to the Csm6 CARF domain triggers the RNase activity of the Csm6 HEPN domain and what factors contribute to regulation of RNA cleavage activity. We demonstrate that the Csm6 CARF domain is a ring nuclease, whereby bound cA4 is stepwise cleaved initially to ApApApA>p and subsequently to ApA>p in its CARF domain-binding pocket, with such cleavage bursts using a timer mechanism to regulate the RNase activity of the Csm6 HEPN domain. In addition, we establish T. onnurineus Csm6 as an adenosine-specific RNase and identify a histidine in the cA4 CARF-binding pocket involved in autoinhibitory regulation of RNase activity.
Emanating Effects: The Impact of the Oregon Citizens’ Initiative Review on Voters’ Political Efficacy

Deliberative processes can alter participants’ attitudes and behavior, but deliberative minipublics connected to macro-level discourse may also influence the attitudes of non-participants. We theor...
Adapting operations to new information technology: A failed “internet of things” application

Abstract Our setting is the secure data destruction industry in which company trucks travel to distant customer sites to pick up outdated documents containing sensitive information (e.g. social security numbers). Outdated documents are stored in locked containers to be shredded, rather than simply recycled, by the secure data destruction service provider. Currently, no client site inventory level information is available. Due to the lack of inventory information, nearly a quarter of client site visits are wasted as there is no inventory to pick up. Another quarter of client site visits arrive too late. To improve operational efficiency, the firm invented an electronic device to make the containers at customer sites a part of the “Internet of Things” - the containers would be able to remotely transmit inventory level information, thus providing the opportunity for just-in-time inventory pickup. Utilizing this information requires a re-structuring of industry operations from fixed scheduled pickups to dynamic routing. Through heuristic creation and robust testing, we examine the conditions in which the Internet of Things application under consideration would be useful or yield minimal gains. Ultimately, the firm decided not to implement the application as the costs of maintenance and the operational re-structuring outweigh potential gains. Our study has implications for firms that are considering to explore Internet of Things to improve their operations.