cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modern treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma.

Purpose of reviewThe present review summarizes the current therapies and controversies in the management of newly diagnosed and relapsed classical and lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and briefly describes novel agents in development for Hodgkin lymphoma.Recent findingsEarly restaging fluoro-
Bilateral Hemispheric Processing of Words and Faces: Evidence from Word Impairments in Prosopagnosia and Face Impairments in Pure Alexia

Considerable research has supported the view that faces and words are subserved by independent neural mechanisms located in the ventral visual cortex in opposite hemispheres. On this view, right hemisphere ventral lesions that impair face recognition (prosopagnosia) should leave word recognition unaffected, and left hemisphere ventral lesions that impair word recognition (pure alexia) should leave face recognition unaffected. The current study shows that neither of these predictions was upheld. A series of experiments characterizing speed and accuracy of word and face recognition were conducted in 7 patients (4 pure alexic, 3 prosopagnosic) and matched controls. Prosopagnosic patients revealed mild but reliable word recognition deficits, and pure alexic patients demonstrated mild but reliable face recognition deficits. The apparent comingling of face and word mechanisms is unexpected from a domain-specific perspective, but follows naturally as a consequence of an interactive, learning-based account in which neural processes for both faces and words are the result of an optimization procedure embodying specific computational principles and constraints.
HOW I GOT TO BE WHAT I WANTED TO BE

It is a unique honor to receive the Aldrich Award. I first became aware of Andy Aldrich in 1942, my third year in medical school, when I discovered Babies Are Human Beings 1 in the Yale Pediatric Library. This book set a goal as to the kind of a pediatrician I hoped to become. I was fortunate in 1947 to receive a Pediatric Fellowship at the Mayo Clinic. I sought this position because of my interest in the Rochester Child Health Project that Dr Aldrich created to serve children and to study “what a child is doing in the process of growing up.”2 I recall with appreciation Dr Aldrich's extraordinary clinical skill and his ability to discuss young children's behavior in language easily understood by students and house officers. This award is particularly meaningful as I recall many discussions with Dr Aldrich 50 years ago during my Fellowship at the Mayo Clinic. I wish to discuss briefly the contributions of six previous recipients of the Aldrich Award, namely Benjamin Spock, Edith Jackson, Milton Senn, Albert Solnit, Sally Provence, and Anna Freud. These teachers were important mentors during my training. They had a passion for ideas, a clarity about what they believed, and a love of communicating with students and house officers. Their approach has particular relevance today as the role of the primary pediatrician assumes increasing importance in the reorganization of the health care system in this country. I first met Ben Spock in 1947 when he joined the staff of the Rochester Child Health Project. His persistent commitment to a pediatrician's role as a citizen inspired me to assume a comparable position in my community. Also, like so many other pediatricians, I read Baby and Child Care 3 from cover to cover! In 1948, I received a Fellowship …
Making computer professionals and other engineers: low-priced commodities

Many employers are adapting the "just-in-time" concept to computer professionals. The idea is to "rent," at a minimal price, people with the specific skills needed for a project, and then to dispense with them upon completion of their tasks. Technical professionals are pitted against one another in a race to the bottom as jobs are parceled out, on a global basis, to the low bidders. One aspect is the replacement of in-house technical staffs with temporary, or "contract" workers. A few receive the more exalted title of "consultant." For most engineers, the prospect of spending their careers as temporary workers is very unpleasant.
Quantity and Ratio of Pheromone Components Among Multiple Generations of the Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Georgia and Virginia

Abstract The quantity and ratio of two sex pheromone components in the abdominal gland of Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) were determined for three generations from the Georgia Piedmont, two generations from the Georgia Coastal Plain, and one generation from the Virginia Coastal Plain. There were no significant differences among quantities of either pheromone component among any generations or collection sites. Quantities for the major component, (E)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate, varied among the samples from 10.8 to 18.6 ng per adult female. Similarly, quantities for the minor component, (E)-9,11-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, varied from 0.5 to 0.9 ng per female. Ratios were significantly different only between the second generation Georgia Coastal Plain and first-generation Virginia Coastal Plain, although we do not think these differences are biologically meaningful. Pheromone component ratios for the major and minor component ranged from 16.5:1–23.4:1 among all sites. The significance of these findings as they r...
AMP-activated protein kinase and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β modulate the severity of sepsis-induced lung injury.

Alterations in metabolic and bioenergetic homeostasis contribute to sepsis-mediated organ injury. However, how AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a major sensor and regulator of energy expenditure and production, affects development of organ injury and loss of innate capacity during polymicrobial sepsis remains unclear. In the present experiments, we found that cross-talk between the AMPK and GSK3β signaling pathways controls chemotaxis and the ability of neutrophils and macrophages to kill bacteria ex vivo. In mice with polymicrobial abdominal sepsis or more severe sepsis induced by the combination of hemorrhage and intraabdominal infection, administration of the AMPK activator metformin or the GSK3β inhibitor SB216763 reduced the severity of acute lung injury (ALI). Improved survival in metformin-treated septic mice was correlated with preservation of mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) function and increased amounts of ETC complex III and IV. Although immunosuppression is a consequence of sepsis, metformin effectively increased innate immune capacity to eradicate P. aeruginosa in the lungs of septic mice. We also found that AMPK activation diminished accumulation of the immunosuppressive transcriptional factor HIF-1α as well as the development of endotoxin tolerance in LPS-treated macrophages. Furthermore, AMPK-dependent preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential also prevented LPS-mediated dysfunction of neutrophil chemotaxis. These results indicate that AMPK activation reduces the severity of polymicrobial sepsis-induced lung injury and prevents the development of sepsis-associated immunosuppression.
Everyone’s a Critic: China’s Cyber Policies and Practices Through the Eyes of Its Bloggers

One remarkable aspect of Chinese civilization has been its ability to absorb foreign influences and buffer them in a way that makes them uniquely Chinese. This cultural absorption has contributed greatly to China’s lauded 2,000 years of continuous history. Enter the internet, the ultimate influential medium. At first seen as foreign and potentially dangerous to the Chinese Communist Party’s rule, China has quickly adapted and used the Great Firewall to defend its people from undesirable influences and at the same time to allow many offensive cyber-attacks to originate from within its borders.This paper examines China’s past, current and prospective cyber strategy as seen by and interpreted through its netizens, particularly bloggers. Through penetrating corporate servers to foreign government computers and individual foreign and domestic email accounts, China has secretly collected information and utilized it domestically and internationally to its advantage. And it has continued to limit free speech and freedom of information within its electronic borders by seeking to rein in its bloggers. What are China’s netizens saying about the government’s cyber activities? What are their predictions of future implications from China’s current cyber policy? How strong is China’s civilian cyber community in terms of people, resources and ideology? In short, to what extent is China’s online community contributing to or working at odds against China’s current international and domestic cyber security plan?
New AC electronic insect feeding monitor for fine-structure analysis of waveforms.

We present here the design of a new version of the AC electronic monitoring system (EMS) for studying probing behaviors of piercing-sucking arthropods. Our version, the Missouri monitor, uses a differential amplifier employing common-mode rejection to dynamically cancel environmental noise of all frequencies, eliminating the need for bulky shielding or bandpass filtering. Combined with precision full-wave rectification, this amplifier produces waveform output with less noise, more stability and finer detail than any other AC EMS design. Previously unrecognized waveform patterns can be recorded. Yet, overall waveform patterns can easily be recognized and interpreted based on those in the AC EMS literature. Additional design features include high-quality operational amplifiers, optional logarithmic amplification of the signal, and selection of any frequency between 10 and 5,000 Hz.
The Rationality of Practice and the Outlet of Human Dilemmas

Although the origins of global problems or human dilemmas are complicated and varied,their direct and practical origin is the irrationality of practice and its negative effect.The other various origins are the manifestation or of the irrationality of practice are in connection with it in the final analysis.The irrationality of practice is reflected as irrationality or partiality of reason to direct and control practice,that is,expansion of skilled reason and lack of humane reason.Therefore,scientific rationality pattern should be the dialectial unity of regularity and purposiveness and that of skilled reason and humane reason.Under the domination and arrangement of the overall scientific reason,the positive,feasible and rational practice should neither threaten human's existent base,the natural ecological balance, nor endanger other people's and the whole human beings' longterm interests,hence dedicating itself to the ultimate aim of man's allround free development.
Topical and Intravenous Antibiotics

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease, modulated by interactions between various inflammatory stimuli and the host immunologic response. Bacteria are a common source of antigenic stimulation. While the exact pathophysiologic role of bacteria in CRS remains unclear, treating bacterial infection in CRS generally leads to an improvement in patients’ subjective and objective outcomes. While antibiotics are most commonly administered orally, certain subsets of CRS patients may require intravenous (IV) and/or topical antibiotics. To date, neither clinical indications nor therapeutic efficacy has been clearly described for IV and topical antibiotic use in CRS. The purpose of this chapter is to present an evidence-based review of the utility of topical and IV antibiotic use in the management of CRS.
Billing for physician services: A comparison of actual billing with CPT codes assigned by direct observation

BACKGROUND Little is known about the accuracy of family physicians' use of the Current procedural Terminology (CPT) coding scheme for office visits, despite increased administrative oversight of Medicare billing practices. In addition, the patient and visit characteristics that are associated with over- and undercoding are not well understood. METHODS This study compared coding for evaluation and management (E&M) services billed for 3791 visits to 138 family physicians with the codes assigned by trained research nurses using direct observation. We calculated the degree to which the codes for E&M were concordant with the observer-assigned codes. Analysis of variance and logistic regression were used to examine the association of visit and patient characteristics with discordance between billed and observer-assigned CPT codes. RESULTS Billing codes were concordant for 55% of encounters. Discordance was evenly distributed between under- and overcoding. Concordance of billed and observed codes was greatest for patients with indemnity insurance. Undercoding increased with longer visit length and a smaller percentage of the visit spent planning treatment. Overcoding was more common during visits with a greater percentage of time spent chatting, planning treatment, and delivering preventive services. CONCLUSIONS Family physicians are generally accurate in their billing procedures. The findings on patient and visit characteristics associated with over- or undercoding may be used by practicing clinicians to enhance the accuracy of their coding and billing procedures.
Introduction to the 2013 workshop of the society for hematopathology/european association for haematopathology

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that arise de novo represent a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms. AML also can arise from MDS or myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and the genetic mechanisms of transformation are largely unknown. In recent years, many studies have been published that have further refined diagnostic criteria, yielded many new prognostic markers, and identified new targets and signaling pathways that will help identify individual patients who are likely to benefit from specific therapies. With the “avalanche” of data that is or shortly will be available, the diagnosis of AML, MDS, and ALL is becoming much more complex. Clinically important molecular data need to be integrated into pathology reports, and yet clinical studies that validate the new findings have not kept up with the pace of research. Hematopathologists are well situated to meet the challenge of integrating traditional methods of diagnosis with high-throughput molecular data. In light of these developments, the focus of the 2013 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology, cosponsored with The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, was entitled “Progress in Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia,” held in Houston, Texas, October 24 to 26, 2013. More than 400 cases were submitted to the workshop that were discussed in 11 sessions. These sessions will be covered in articles that will appear in the July, August, and September 2015 issues of AJCP . Kathy Foucar and John Anastasi …
Limited stage small cell lung cancer: analysis of clinical prognostic factors.

Abstract In an attempt to identify clinical features of prognostic value in patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer, we retrospectively reviewed the records and chest roentgenograms of 101 such patients seen at Vanderbilt University Hospital. All patients were treated with combination chemotherapy regimens of comparable efficacy with or without chest radiotherapy and/or surgical resection. Median survival for the 101 patients was 16 months; the three-year actuarial survival was 14%. Elevated serum LDH level at the time of diagnosis was predictive of improved survival by both univariate and multivariate analyses (P less than .01). Initial tumor volume (calculated from tumor measurements) on chest roentgenogram and clinical TNM stage were unrelated to survival. Until the prognostic significance of an elevated serum LDH level is confirmed by other investigators, we cannot recommend any modification in the current system for staging small cell lung cancer. Although patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer form a clinically heterogeneous group, they should continue to be treated uniformly.
Design and Development of Positioning System of Cable Trench Based on VLC + PLC

Aiming at the problems of city underground cable trench, a serious shortage of illumination light, GPS system receives signal which is very faint, proposed to visible light communication technology (VLC, visible light communication) and the power line carrier communication technology (PLC, power line communication) positioning system design and development scheme of combining. The technical principles and characteristics of VLC description, analysis function, and the key technology of the underground cable channel positioning system, and explain the application of the system and the effect of.
21. Greene’s the Hint of an Explanation

(1961). 21. Greene’s the Hint of an Explanation. The Explicator: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 49-51.
Decoding the content of recollection within the core recollection network and beyond

Recollection – retrieval of qualitative information about a past event – is associated with enhanced neural activity in a consistent set of neural regions (the ‘core recollection network’) seemingly regardless of the nature of the recollected content. Here, we employed multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to assess whether retrieval-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity in core recollection regions – including the hippocampus, angular gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex, retrosplenial/posterior cingulate cortex, and middle temporal gyrus – contain information about studied content and thus demonstrate retrieval-related ‘reinstatement’ effects. During study, participants viewed objects and concrete words that were subjected to different encoding tasks. Test items included studied words, the names of studied objects, or unstudied words. Participants judged whether the items were recollected, familiar, or new by making ‘remember’, ‘know’, and ‘new’ responses, respectively. The study history of remembered test items could be reliably decoded using MVPA in most regions, as well as from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a region where univariate recollection effects could not be detected. The findings add to evidence that members of the core recollection network, as well as at least one neural region where mean signal is insensitive to recollection success, carry information about recollected content. Importantly, the study history of recognized items endorsed with a ‘know’ response could be decoded with equal accuracy. The results thus demonstrate a striking dissociation between mean signal and multi-voxel indices of recollection. Moreover, they converge with prior findings in suggesting that, as it is operationalized by classification-based MVPA, reinstatement is not uniquely a signature of recollection.
Genomics and Systems Biology.

Genomics holds particular potential for the elucidation of biological networks that underlie disease. For example, gene expression profiles have been used to classify human cancers, and have more recently been used to predict graft rejection following organ transplantation. Such signatures thus hold promise both as diagnostic approaches and as tools with which to dissect biological mechanism. Such systems-based approaches are also beginning to impact the drug discovery process. For example, it is now feasible to measure gene expression signatures at low cost and high throughput, thereby allowing for the screening libraries of small molecule libraries in order to identify compounds capable of perturbing a signature of interest (even if the critical drivers of that signature are not yet known). This approach, known as Gene Expression-Based High Throughput Screening (GE-HTS), has been shown to identify candidate therapeutic approaches in AML, Ewing sarcoma, and neuroblastoma, and has identified tool compounds capable of inhibiting PDGF receptor signaling. A related approach, known as the Connectivity Map ( www.broad.mit.edu/cmap ) attempts to use gene expression profiles as a universal language with which to connect cellular states, gene product function, and drug action. In this manner, a gene expression signature of interest is used to computationally query a database of gene expression profiles of cells systematically treated with a large number of compounds (e.g., all off-patent FDA-approved drugs), thereby identifying potential new applications for existing drugs. Such systems level approaches thus seek chemical modulators of cellular states, even when the molecular basis of such altered states is unknown.
After expulsion: 1492 and the making of Sephardic Jewry / Double diaspora in Sephardic literature: Jewish cultural production before and after 1492

As soon as Monsieur Perly, the new history teacher, is left alone with his class on his first day at school, he opens the large briefcase that he has placed on the table in front of him and pulls o...
It takes two: Evidence for reduced sexual conflict over parental care in a biparental canid

In biparental systems, sexual conflict over parental investment predicts that the parent providing care experiences greater reproductive costs. This inequality in parental contribution is reduced when offspring survival is dependent on biparental care. However, this idea has received little empirical attention. Here, we determined whether mothers and fathers differed in their contribution to care in a captive population of coyotes (Canis latrans). We performed parental care assays on 8 (n = 8 males, 8 females) mated pairs repeatedly over a 10-week period (i.e., 5–15 weeks of litter age) when pairs were first-time breeders (2011), and again as experienced breeders (2013). We quantified consistent individual variation (i.e., repeatability) in 8 care behaviors and examined within- and among-individual correlations to determine if behavioral plasticity within or parental personality across seasons varied by sex. Finally, we extracted hormone metabolites (i.e., cortisol and testosterone) from fecal samples collected during gestation to describe potential links between hormonal mechanisms and individual consistency in parental behaviors. Parents differed in which behaviors were repeatable: mothers demonstrated consistency in provisioning and pup-directed aggression, whereas fathers were consistent in pup checks. However, positive within-individual correlations for identical behaviors (e.g., maternal versus paternal play) suggested that the rate of change in all behaviors except provisioning was highly correlated between the sexes. Moreover, positive among-individual correlations among 50% of identical behaviors suggested that personality differences across parents were highly correlated. Lastly, negative among-individual correlations among pup-directed aggression, provisioning, and gestational testosterone in both sexes demonstrated potential links between preparental hormones and labile parental traits. We provide novel evidence that paternal contribution in a biparental species reaches near equivalent rates of their partners.
Time-dependent modeling of subsidence due to drainage in bounding shales: Application to a depleted gas field in Louisiana

Abstract Hydrocarbon production is an important process contributing to the subsidence in Louisiana. Releveling data from National Geodetic Survey show that subsidence along several major oil and gas fields accelerated after production when reservoirs were nearly depleted. The Valentine gas field in coastal Louisiana is chosen to analyze the subsidence during and after production based on three-dimensional finite element modeling. An elastic-viscoplastic constitutive model is adopted to interpret the accelerated postdepletion subsidence by overcoming the limitation of traditional theories within the framework of poroelatsicity and poroplasticity. The elastic-viscoplastic model integrates a failure envelope, an elliptical cap yield function, and Perzyna's theory of overstress viscoplasticity. The elastic-viscoplastic model is applied to both the simplified disc-shaped reservoir and the bounding shales. The material properties of the elastic-viscoplastic model are calibrated based on a computational technique along with available laboratory and field data from the literature. The numerical modeling results can approximately reproduce both the observed subsidence during production and the delayed subsidence after production using the calibrated material properties. The time-dependent subsidence is predominantly attributed to the delayed compaction that arises from the slow pore pressure diffusion in the bounding shales after the reservoir is depleted. The calibrated finite element model is capable of predicting the time-dependent compaction and subsidence, along with the three-dimensional temporal and spatial distribution of pore pressure, void ratio, vertical strain, and vertical displacement in the bounding shales. The pore pressure diffusion and the time-dependent subsidence are influenced by the permeability of both the reservoir sand and bounding shale. Even though permeability generally increases with damage, and decreases with increased effective stress and reduced porosity, typical constant values of permeability are used for simplicity. The local maximum subsidence is predicted to be 28 cm during 30 years (1982–2012) after the Valentine field is depleted.
High performance collective communication-aware 3D Network-on-Chip architectures

3D Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures are capable of achieving better performance and lower energy consumption compared to their planar counterparts. However, conventional 3D NoCs are not efficient in handling collective communication. Existing works mainly explore Path and Tree multicast distribution schemes for 3D NoCs. However, both these mechanisms involve high network latency and lack scalability. In this work, we propose a SMART (Single-cycle Multi-hop Asynchronous Repeated Traversal) 3D NoC architecture that is capable of achieving high-performance collective communication. The proposed High-Performance SMART (HP-SMART) 3D NoC achieves 65% and 31% latency improvements compared to the existing Path and Tree multicast-based 3D NoCs respectively. HP-SMART 3D NoC also achieves significant improvement in message latency compared to its 2D counterpart.
Characterization of Metalloporphines: Iron(II) Carbonyls and Environmental Effects on νCO.

The synthesis and characterization of two new iron(II) porphine complexes is described. Porphine, the simplest porphyrin derivative, has been studied less than other synthetic porphyrins owing to s...
Low-Cost, Distributed Environmental Monitors for Factory Worker Health

An integrated network of environmental monitors was developed to continuously measure several airborne hazards in a manufacturing facility. The monitors integrated low-cost sensors to measure particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone and nitrogen dioxide, noise, temperature and humidity. The monitors were developed and tested in situ for three months in several overlapping deployments, before a full cohort of 40 was deployed in a heavy vehicle manufacturing facility for a year of data collection. The monitors collect data from each sensor and report them to a central database every 5 min. The work includes an experimental validation of the particle, gas and noise monitors. The R2 for the particle sensor ranges between 0.98 and 0.99 for particle mass densities up to 300 μg/m3. The R2 for the carbon monoxide sensor is 0.99 for concentrations up to 15 ppm. The R2 for the oxidizing gas sensor is 0.98 over the sensitive range from 20 to 180 ppb. The noise monitor is precise within 1% between 65 and 95 dBA. This work demonstrates the capability of distributed monitoring as a means to examine exposure variability in both space and time, building an important preliminary step towards a new approach for workplace hazard monitoring.
The Canary in the Coal Mine: Clinical and Public Health Laboratories Respond to Biosafety Risks

Abstract Biosafety is important to all laboratories, as any clinical specimen has the potential to harbor an infectious agent. The rate at which infectious diseases have spread globally in recent years has only heighted awareness of laboratory safety and the assessment of biosafety risk. This article presents an overview of responses to recent events and provides resources for laboratories that can be utilized to prepare and improve their biosafety programs.
On Communications War: Public Interest Communications and Classical Military Strategy

Strategic communication disciplines routinely use terms such as strategy, tactics, and objectives that originated in strategic military science. I argue here that a better understanding of classical military strategic thinking is relevant to public interest communications (PIC). Case studies of unscrupulous public relations (PR) campaigns on behalf of vested interests that apply deception, misdirection, and fake news in a war fighting mentality are examined. I argue that such practices need to be understood in the military sense to be detected early and effectively countered in legitimate and honorable ways by organizations fighting for the public interest. The article proposes that a key function of a PIC professional in an organization is to become a PIC Communications Strategos— strategic communications war leader.
The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Signaling in Retinopathy of Prematurity

Oxidative stress has been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) for years, because of the effects of changing oxygen concentrations that occur in the preterm infant on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the reduced antioxidant reserve in the preterm infant, and the high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the retina. In addition, greater evidence exists that oxidative compounds are involved in triggering angiogenesis and apoptosis, two events that have relevance to the development of features of severe ROP, namely, aberrant neovascularization into the vitreous and avascular retina. However, oxidative compounds are important as transcription factors for pathways involved in vascular development and as a first line of defense against invading microorganisms. Clinical studies designed to test the effect of antioxidants on the development of ROP have not yielded clear-cut results or have been associated with toxicity to the overall health of the preterm infant. In this chapter, we will review the role of ROS in the developing preterm infant and examine evidence from clinical studies and laboratory models.
Long-Range Planning

IT planning is a topic that gets both too much and too little attention. Frequently, there is much attention to plans at very high levels and at very low levels. The challenge is bridging that gap. In addition, high-level plans are not necessarily long-range plans, and it is important to have management strategies to assure that low-level planning continues and that there is a high level of consistency.
Diseases of Dairy Animals | Non-Infectious Diseases: Fatty Liver

Moderate-to-severe fatty liver is diagnosed with high frequency in dairy cows around the time of parturition. The condition has been linked to a reduction in voluntary feed intake, imbalance of energy needs relative to supply, and mobilization of adipose tissue in excess of the fatty acid oxidative capacity of liver. Although fatty liver is transitory in nature, it can lead to other related metabolic disorders such as ketosis, which have more severe consequences for cow health and milk production. Several feeding management strategies, dietary enrichment strategies, and pharmacological interventions have been used to successfully reduce the incidence, severity, and degree of fatty liver in transition dairy cows. Despite advances in managing fatty liver in dairy cows, the biology underlying the development of fatty liver is not completely understood. The application of high-throughput ‘omic’ approaches (genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic) to the study of fatty liver has provided new clues in this regard and will likely lead to identification of improved strategies to reduce the incidence rate, severity, and duration of fatty liver in dairy cows.
Lewis Acid-Promoted Enantioselective Dearomative Spirocyclizations of Allenes.

A chiral oxazaborolidine combined with SnCl4 has been found to promote the dearomative spirocyclization of electron-rich benzyl allenyl ketones. The reaction outcome is sensitive to the nature of activating acid, which was rationalized using hard–soft acid–base (HSAB) theory. The spirocyclic product was obtained with up to 72% ee, which is the best result reported to date for these substrates. The formation of cross-conjugated or conjugated products is readily controlled by changing the oxygen-protecting groups.
Joint probability distribution of Arrhenius parameters in reaction model optimization and uncertainty minimization

Abstract The method of uncertainty minimization by polynomial chaos expansions is extended to Arrhenius prefactor and activation energy co-optimization and uncertainty minimization. A covariance matrix is formulated to describe the joint probability distribution of the reaction rate parameters. The method is tested on a recently proposed foundational fuel chemistry model using 60 H2 and H2/CO flame speeds as the targets. The results show that co-optimizing A and Ea did not produce appreciable improvements in the ability of the reaction model to better predict the flame targets. It does yield reduction in the temperature-dependent uncertainty band of the rate coefficients of several key reactions. The importance of additional experimental and theoretical studies needed for the CO+OH→CO2+H, HO2+H→H2+O2 and HO2+H→2OH reactions is highlighted.
A Healthy Retail Intervention in Native American Convenience Stores: The THRIVE Community-Based Participatory Research Study

Objectives. To assess a healthy retail intervention in Tribal convenience stores in Oklahoma.Methods. We adapted healthy retail strategies to the context of 8 Tribally owned stores. We assessed individual- and store-level outcomes in a cluster-controlled intervention trial (April 2016–June 2017). We measured fruit and vegetable intake, store environment perceptions, and purchases before and after the intervention among a cohort of 1637 Native American shoppers. We used mixed-effects linear regression to estimate pre- to postintervention changes in and between groups.Results. We followed 74% of participants (n = 1204) 9 to 12 months. Intervention and control participants perceived healthier stores after intervention. Higher shopping frequency was related to purchases of fruits, vegetables, and healthy items.Conclusions. Intervention exposure was associated with healthy purchasing but not fruit and vegetable intake. Research is needed to further assess impacts of environmental interventions on intake.Public...
Abstract TMP22: Do Other Factors Influence the SPAN-100 Index Prognosticator for ICH after IV-tPA?

Introduction: Age and stroke severity influence patient outcomes following acute stroke. Individuals with a combined age and NIHSS of greater than 100 (SPAN-100 positive) are associated with increa...
Needed: Antimicrobial Development.

Antimicrobial resistance continues to erode our therapeutic armamentarium for treating patients with bacterial infections. Clinicians are now encountering infections that are susceptible to few or ...
1818-P: Brainstem GABAergic Circuits Regulating Energy Balance

Obesity is a serious disorder for which there is currently no effective treatment. The hypothalamus has long been studied as the critical node for regulating food intake and body weight; however, no effective targets have yet been identified within the hypothalamus for anti-obesity therapy. There is thus a critical, unmet need to identify other loci within the central nervous system that: a) potently regulate energy balance, through alterations in food intake and energy expenditure, and b) are potential therapeutic targets. We have recently found that the brainstem’s dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) houses a small population of inhibitory, GABAergic neurons (hereafter DRNVgat neurons), which potently regulates energy balance, and concomitantly body weight. This is accomplished through the direct regulation of both food intake and energy expenditure, the latter component of which is achieved through both behavioral and physiologic mechanisms. However, the circuit mechanism(s) through which these neurons regulate energy homeostasis are poorly understood. In recent work, we made the unexpected finding that DRNVgat neurons project broadly throughout the brain to differentially regulate both food intake and energy expenditure. In particular, we have found that these neurons exhibit both ascending projections (to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, dorsomedial hypothalamus, and medial preoptic area), as well as descending projections to the raphe pallidus. This latter, descending projection forms part of a polysynaptic circuit anatomically linking DRNVgat neurons to brown fat. Using projection-specific optogenetic manipulations, we have found that these projections can all potently suppress thermogenesis, and differentially regulate food intake. Critically, these effects are scalable, with higher stimulation intensities leading to increasing effects on both feeding and thermogenesis. Together, this work uncovers a novel circuit mechanism through which DRNVgat neurons regulate energy balance. Disclosure A.R. Nectow: None. Funding American Diabetes Association/Pathway to Stop Diabetes (1-18-ACE-49, 1-18-IBS-148 to A.R.N.); Foundation for Prader-Willi Research; National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
Clinical and demographic predictors of repeat stone surgery.

OBJECTIVE To identify the clinical and demographic predictors of repeat stone surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analysed 1496 consecutive patients, aged > 18 years, who underwent stone surgery at our institution in the period from January 2009 to May 2017 and who had at least 12 months of postoperative follow-up. We defined surgical recurrence as repeat surgery on the same renal unit or on the opposite renal unit if the original imaging did not demonstrate significant stones on that side. Characteristics associated with the risk of surgical recurrence in univariate Cox regression analysis were entered into a multivariate model. RESULTS Most patients underwent ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy (83.0%). Approximately 60% of the patients had a personal history of stone disease and 50% were obese. Over a mean (median; interquartile range) follow-up of 4.1 (3.9; 2.4-5.9) years, 24.5% of patients had surgical recurrence, with 82% of repeat surgeries performed for symptomatic nephrolithiasis. The factors associated with increased risk of surgical recurrence in the multivariate model were: age <60 years, female gender, malabsorptive gastrointestinal disease, diabetes, recurrent urinary tract infections, personal history of nephrolithiasis, renal stones and bilateral nephrolithiasis. The hazard ratios for these variables ranged within an interval of <0.5 (from 1.30 to 1.71). CONCLUSION We identified eight demographic and clinical factors associated with increased risk of repeat renal stone surgery. These factors could be combined as a numerical count that allows stratification of patients into low-, intermediate- and high-risk subgroups.
Using Latent Class Growth Modeling to Examine Longitudinal Patterns of Body Mass Index Change from Adolescence to Adulthood

Abstract Background Few studies use longitudinal designs to assess patterns of body mass index (BMI) change from adolescence to adulthood or incorporate severe obesity as a unique subgroup. Objective To examine patterns of BMI trajectories from adolescence to adulthood and identify demographic characteristics associated with each BMI trajectory pattern. Design Height, weight, and demographic characteristics were drawn from Waves I to V of the nationally representative school-based sample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) conducted from 1994 to 2018 (data collection is ongoing). Participants/setting Participants included 3,315 (55.5% female) subjects responding to in-home interviews across all five Waves of Add Health. Main outcome measures BMI at each wave modeled over time. Statistical analyses Latent class growth modeling and logistic regression analysis using population sample weights. Results Five classes of weight patterns best fit the sample. Twenty-nine percent of the sample had an always healthy BMI (class 1) and 34.9% changed from healthy weight to overweight (class 2). Moving from healthy weight to obese comprised 21.8% of the sample (class 3). BMI patterns increasing from overweight to obese (class 4) and from obese to severely obese (class 5) comprised 7.6% and 7.1% of the sample, respectively. Weight change was similar for males and females with some racial or ethnic minority participants more likely to be severely obese in adulthood. Conclusions Results emphasize the importance of tracking weight longitudinally and point to a nationally representative trend of increasing BMI during the transition to adulthood. There was no substantive decreasing trend identified in the sample. Findings highlight the need for effective early and ongoing intervention and prevention strategies and can aid in identification of vulnerable youth who are at the highest risk for moving to problematic weight categories.
Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonism Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease by Inhibiting Antigen-Presenting Cell Maturation and T Helper 17 Cell Activation

Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ocular surface disease, including dry eye disease (DED), but little is known about the contribution of substance P (SP) to DED. In this study, we investigated the expression of SP at the ocular surface and evaluated its effect on maturation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), the key cell component involved in the induction of type 17 helper T-cell (Th17) response in DED. The effect of topical blockade of SP signaling was further investigated using neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) inhibitors on APC maturation, Th17 cell activation, and disease severity in a mouse model of DED. The results demonstrate that SP is constitutively expressed at the ocular surface, and trigeminal ganglion neurons are the major source of SP in DED. SP derived from trigeminal ganglion enhanced the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II maturation marker by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, an effect that is abrogated by blockade of SP signaling using NK1R antagonist spantide. Finally, using a well-established murine model of DED, topical treatment of DED mice with NK1R antagonists CP-99,994 and L-733,060 suppressed APC acquisition of major histocompatibility complex class II, reduced Th17 cell activity, and ameliorated DED severity. These findings are of translational value, as they suggest that antagonizing NK1R-mediated SP signaling may be an effective strategy in suppressing Th17-mediated ocular surface disease.
Relative humidity-temperature transition boundaries for anhydrous β-caffeine and caffeine hydrate crystalline forms.

Caffeine is a hydrate-forming polymorphic crystalline compound that can exist in α, β, and hydrate forms. Phase transitions between hydrate and anhydrous forms of a crystalline ingredient, and related water migration, can create product quality challenges. The objective of this study was to determine the relative humidity (RH)-temperature phase boundary between anhydrous β-caffeine and caffeine hydrate. The β-caffeine→caffeine hydrate and caffeine hydrate→β-caffeine RH-temperature transition boundaries were determined from 20 to 45 °C using a combination of water activity (aw ) controlled solution and vapor-mediated equilibration, moisture sorption, powder X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. Two transition boundaries were measured: the β-caffeine→caffeine hydrate transition boundary (0.835 ± 0.027 aw at 25 °C) was higher than the caffeine hydrate→β-caffeine transition boundary (0.625 ± 0.003 aw at 25 °C). Moisture sorption rates for β-caffeine, even at high RHs (>84% RH), were slow. However, caffeine hydrate rapidly dehydrated at low RHs ( 65% RH) at lower temperatures (20 to 30 °C) resulted in full restoration to a 4/5 caffeine hydrate. This transitional anhydrous state was unstable and converted to a less hygroscopic state after annealing at 50 °C and 0% RH for 1 day. It was postulated that the caffeine hydrate→β-caffeine was the true β-caffeine↔caffeine hydrate phase boundary and that β-caffeine could be metastable above the caffeine hydrate→β-caffeine transition boundary. These caffeine RH-temperature transition boundaries could be used for selecting formulation and storage conditions to maintain the desired caffeine crystalline form. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Caffeine can exist as either an anhydrous (without water) or hydrate (internalized water) crystalline state. The stability of each caffeine crystalline form is dictated by humidity (or water activity) and temperature, and these environmental stability boundaries for the caffeine crystalline forms are reported in this manuscript. Conversions between the two crystalline states can lead to deleterious effects; for example, the presence of caffeine hydrate crystals in a low water activity food (e.g., powder) could lead to the relocation of the water in caffeine to other ingredients in the food system, leading to unwanted water-solid interactions that could cause clumping and/or degradation.
Impact of a pharmacist-administered deprescribing intervention on nursing home residents: a randomized controlled trial

Background Polypharmacy is prevalent among long-term care residents in Canada, with 48.4% receiving ten or more different medications and 40.7% chronically prescribed potentially inappropriate medications. Objective We implemented a pharmacist-administered deprescribing program in a long-term care facility to determine if the number of medications taken per resident could be reduced. Setting: A long-term care facility in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada from February 2017 to February 2018. Method: Residents were randomized to receive either a deprescribing-focused medication review by a pharmacist or usual care. Main outcome measure Change in the number of medications at 3 and 6 months. Results Forty-five residents enrolled in the study (n = 22 intervention, n = 23 control). Seventy-eight deprescribing recommendations were made, and 85.1% were successfully implemented. The average number of medications taken by residents in the intervention group was 2.68 less than the control group (p < 0.02; 95% CI − 4.284, − 1.071) at 3 months and 2.88 less (p = 0.02, 95% CI − 4.543, − 1.112) at 6 months. In 14.9% of cases, a medication had to be restarted after deprescribing was attempted because symptoms returned. Conclusion: A pharmacist-led deprescribing intervention can reduce the number of unnecessary and potentially harmful medications taken by LTC residents.
Low-Depth Gradient Measurements Can Improve Convergence in Variational Hybrid Quantum-Classical Algorithms

Within a natural black-box setting, we exhibit a simple optimization problem for which a quantum variational algorithm that measures analytic gradients of the objective function with a low-depth circuit and performs stochastic gradient descent provably converges to an optimum faster than any algorithm that only measures the objective function itself, settling the question of whether measuring analytic gradients in such algorithms can ever be beneficial. We also derive upper bounds on the cost of gradient-based variational optimization near a local minimum.