cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Generalized Bulk Model of the Oceanic Mixed Layer

Abstract An initial-value problem for both the shallowing and deepening of the upper mixed layer of the ocean is presented, including storage and background dissipation of the turbulent kinetic energy produced by wind and released by convection. The numerical integration using Ocean Station Papa data suggests that periods of mixed-layer shallowing do not require a disjoined algorithm such as proposed by Kraus and Turner. Some characteristic modes of deepening, for example, the Kraus-Turner deepening, the Gill-Turner deepening and the Warren deepening, are identified as subsets of the present model.
40-Gbit/s all-optical header processing for packet routing

We demonstrate 40-Gbit/s all-optical header processing using two ultrafast nonlinear interferometers to simultaneously forward two packets through a 2&2 spatial switch. Clear, open eye diagrams are observed, indicating low-error-rate forwarding decisions for packet routing.
Emergent Properties of Proteostasis in CFTR Folding and Misfolding

The cell exploits both the dynamic and emergent properties of the protein homeostasis or proteostasis program to generate and maintain proteomic profiles in the cytosol, and to support protein trafficking through the exocytic and endocytic pathways in diverse cell, tissue and organismal environments. It is now apparent that folding diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) are a consequence of mutations that compromise the kinetics and/or stability of protein folding pathways mediated by the proteostasis network (PN). Mutations challenge the synthesis and maintenance of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that functions as a chloride channel at the cell surface. Mutations triggering CF compromise tissue (intestine-pancreas-lung) function during development and in response to aging. An important goal is to understand the composition, protein-protein interactions and signaling mechanisms utilized by the PN to promote wild-type CFTR function, how they are altered in CF and how they can be targeted by small molecule pharmacologic chaperones/proteostasis regulators to restore function. The inherent capacitance and evolvability of the proteostasis program to deal with folding stress highlights the potential of using the emergent properties of the PN to significantly impact the problem of protein misfolding in inherited disease.
Compact GaAs-based second-harmonic generation horizontal cavity surface-emitting blue lasers

A low-threshold second-harmonic generation horizontal cavity surface emitting laser (SHG-HCSEL) operating at 0.49 micrometers under electrical pumping is proposed and theoretical design considerations are presented. The strained InGaAs quantum well (QW) laser, implemented on a nearly optimally oriented (311)B-GaAs substrate, incorporates a reduced Al-content, quasi-phase matched (QPM) single guiding GaAs layer (SGL) structure, a novel double-tapered horizontal waveguide with high reflection-coated cleaved facets, and a metallization- free emission window at the center of the device. The horizontal geometry serves to increase the ratio of fundamental power density within the SHG-region to that at the facets, thereby increasing the laser optical power at the onset of catastrophic optical damage (COD) at the facets. Simulations indicate that surface blue emission (on the order of 14 W/cm2 peak, corresponding to 50 (mu) W for a 10 micrometers X 100 micrometers emission window) can be obtained from a compact device, with a moderate taper angle of 3 degree(s), operating well below the COD limit. The model also shows that a SGL thickness of 175 nm corresponds with the second QPM-SHG efficiency peak which coincides with peak optical confinement in the QW. Finally, AlGaAs cladding thickness of 113 nm is found to be the optimum etch condition beneath the SHG emission window.
Further experiments on the effect of testicle extract on the agent of chicken tumor I.

ConclusionIn agreement with the results of Hoffman, Parker, and Walker, Chicken Tumor I agent is spread when injected together with testicle extract and the resultant lesions are markedly enhanced.
Adult non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Correlation of cell surface marker phenotype with prognosis, the new working formulation, and the rappaport and lukes‐collins histomorphologic schemes

The interrelationships between histomorphologic classification, cell surface marker phenotype and prognosis were prospectively studied in 130 adults with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Within each of the classification schemes used there were certain histologic variants that exhibited heterogeneity of cell lineage as well as those that were extremely uniform. Diffuse lymphomas with cell populations consisting of large cells, or mixtures of large and small cells were the most heterogeneous phenotypically and were most resistant to precise definition of immunologic cell lineage. The new Working Formulation for Clinical Usage likewise exhibited considerable heterogeneity of phenotype even within well defined histomorphologic categories. Two immunologic phenotypic variables that conferred a significant favorable prognosis were the expression of surface membrane immunoglobulin (B derivation) and the simultaneous expression of a membrane mu and delta immunoglobulin heavy chain. The results of this study suggest that cell surface marker phenotypic determinations have well defined and potentially useful correlations with histomorphologic classification schemes, and are useful in predicting biologic behavior and prognosis. It is suggested that a knowledge of both immunologic phenotype and histomorphologic characteristics is necessary in formulating therapeutic decisions.
Effect of Sodium Chloride on the Solubility of Caseins

Abstract The functionality of caseins in food systems depends on their solubility. The solubilities of whole casein, α s1 -casein, β -casein, and dephosphorylated whole casein were measured as the pH was adjusted from 7 to 2 with HCl. When NaCl was added before pH adjustment, solubilities of whole casein at pH 2.5 decreased by 25, 40, 85, and 98% at NaCl concentrations of .01, .05, .1 and .2 M , respectively. Likewise, solubilities of dephosphorylated whole casein decreased by 50%, α s1 -casein by 30%, and β casein by 90% in .1 M NaCl. When .01 and .05 M NaCl were added to whole casein solutions after pH adjustment, effects on solubility were slight; however, . 1 and .2 M NaCl decreased solubility by 30 and 95%, respectively. When NaCl was added to casein solutions, pH decreased if the original solution was above the isoionic point, indicating Na ion binding; however, at pH between 5 and 3, the pH of the solution increased when NaCl was added. The pH shift upon addition of NaCl to dephosphorylated casein was less than with native caseins, suggesting that Na ion binding by phosphate and acid groups occurred in casein. Although NaCl is commonly used in food processing, these unusual solubility effects should be considered be considered when NaCl is used with casein.
A computer program for time series forecasting using single and double exponential smoothing technique

Abstract This paper presents a microcomputer program for time series forecasting. The program has been developed in GW-BASIC for Zenith 150 microcomputers which are IBM PC compatible. It utilizes Single exponential smoothing, Adaptive-response-rate single exponential smoothing, and Brown's double exponential smoothing methods to forecast the future values of a given time series. The program produces plots of the original time series and forecasted series as well as forecasting errors. It computes 90% and 95% confidence intervals for forecasted values and calculates the following statistics: Mean squared error, Mean absolute percentage error, Mean absolute error, Durbin-Watson statistic, and Theil's U statistic.
Television as ideological apparatus: The power and the pleasure

Many ideological approaches to television criticism assume the power of the medium in securing hegemonic social definitions. This essay attempts to explicate the pleasure which, presumably, motivates acquiescence to this power. It argues that the detachment from television content (which typically characterizes the viewing situation) and the medium's adaptation of the narrative mode of classical realism established in cinema, pose problems not yet being addressed in the developing tradition of ideological criticism.
Influence of herbicides applied postharvest in wheat stubble on control, fecundity, and progeny fitness of Kochia scoparia in the US Great Plains

Abstract Field, greenhouse, and laboratory experiments were conducted at the Montana State University Southern Agricultural Research Center, Huntley, MT, USA, in 2012 and 2013, to evaluate the effectiveness of various postharvest-applied herbicides on late-season control, fecundity, seed viability, and progeny fitness of Kochia scoparia (kochia) in wheat stubble. Paraquat + atrazine, paraquat + linuron, and paraquat + metribuzin applied at the early bloom stage were the most effective postharvest treatments for late-season control (100%) at 28 d after treatment (DAT), biomass reduction (70–73%), and seed prevention of K. scoparia, and did not differ from glyphosate, glufosinate, saflufenacil + 2, 4-D, saflufenacil + atrazine, tembotrione + atrazine, or topramezone + atrazine treatments. Dicamba alone, dicamba + 2, 4-D, or diflufenzopyr + dicamba + 2, 4-D applied at the early bloom stage were ineffective, with 100,000 seeds m−2. Addition of atrazine to dicamba improved late-season control (80%) and seed reduction (78%) compared to dicamba alone, and reduced seed viability and 100-seed weight. There was no significant effect of any of the dicamba-containing herbicides applied at the early bloom stage on K. scoparia progeny fitness, including height, width, primary branches, and shoot dry weight of seedlings at 42 d after planting (DAP). The effective postharvest-applied herbicides investigated in this research should be utilized to prevent late-season K. scoparia seed bank replenishment in wheat, and as a component of herbicide resistance management program for the containment of glyphosate- and/or acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor-resistant K. scoparia in wheat-based crop rotations in the US Great Plains.
Mitochondrial DNA nucleoid structure

Eukaryotic cells are characterized by their content of intracellular membrane-bound organelles, including mitochondria as well as nuclei. These two DNA-containing compartments employ two distinct strategies for storage and readout of genetic information. The diploid nuclei of human cells contain about 6 billion base pairs encoding about 25,000 protein-encoding genes, averaging 120 kB/gene, packaged in chromatin arranged as a regular nucleosomal array. In contrast, human cells contain hundreds to thousands of copies of a ca.16 kB mtDNA genome tightly packed with 13 protein-coding genes along with rRNA and tRNA genes required for their expression. The mtDNAs are dispersed throughout the mitochondrial network as histone-free nucleoids containing single copies or small clusters of genomes. This review will summarize recent advances in understanding the microscopic structure and molecular composition of mtDNA nucleoids in higher eukaryotes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Gene Expression.
A framework to promote user engagement in participatory sensing applications

Incentives have been introduced in participatory sensing applications to encourage the general public to engage in providing quality data that is meaningful to a data collection campaign. However, it is likely that there is no single incentive mechanism that is guaranteed to increase and sustain user engagement. We believe that to sustain user engagement in participatory sensing campaigns, incentives should be tailored to reflect the interests of individuals, as well as the nature of the application. We propose a framework that provides participatory sensing application developers with the flexibility to offer various incentives within a single participatory sensing campaign.
Gravitational perturbations of a six-dimensional self-tuning model

We investigate gravitational perturbations in a compact six-dimensional self-tuning brane model. We specifically look for analytic solutions to the perturbed Einstein equations that correspond in four-dimensions to massless or approximately massless scalars coupled to matter on the brane. The presence of such modes with gravitational couplings would be phenomenologically unacceptable. The most general solution for all such modes is obtained, but it is found that they are all eliminated by the boundary conditions. Our main result is that to linear order in perturbation theory this model does not contain any light scalars. We speculate that this model does not self-tune.
Constructing Immigrants: A Historical Discourse Analysis of the Representations of Immigrants in US Social Work, 1882-1952

Summary: This study analyzes the representations of immigrants found in three US social work periodicals published between 1882 and 1952. Beginning from Foucault’s notion of the ‘history of the pre...
Biotechnology for Production of Fuels, Chemicals, and Materials from Biomass

Biological systems can convert renewable resources, including lignocellulosic biomass, starch crops, and carbon dioxide, into fuels, chemicals, and materials. Ethanol and other products are now derived from starch crops, such as corn. Enzyme-based technology is under development for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., wood, grasses, and agricultural and municipal wastes) into fuel ethanol. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process is employed to convert the cellulose fraction into ethanol at improved rates, higher yields, and higher ethanol concentrations than using sequential processing through careful selection of improved cellulase enzymes and fermentative microorganisms. Medium-BTU gas can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass by anaerobic digestion and cleaned up to a pipeline-quality gas. A high-solids fermenter achieves higher gas generation rates than conventional devices and promises to help make such gas economical. An extensive collection of more than 500 productive strains of microalgae has been established to produce lipid oils for diesel fuel and other compounds from carbon dioxide. Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) has been shown to be a key enzyme in lipid oil synthesis, and genetic engineering approaches are being applied to enhance the rates and yields of product formation. In addition to fuels., a biorefinery could produce a wide range of chemicals and materials through microbial conversion of renewable resources, and technology is being developed for production of chemicals and materials from biomass.
Effects of ovarian steroids on the function of the respiratory center

Progesteron und Follikelhormon andern die Funktion des Atemzentrums. Progesteron senkt vorwiegend die Reizschwelle, wahrend das Follikelhormon die Erregbarkeit steigert. In geeigneten Dosen verabfolgt, andern beide Hormone die Punktion des Atemzentrums und gleichen es den Verhaltnissen an, die wahrend der vorgeschrittenen, normalen Schwangerschaft bestehen.
A Nutrition Education Program for Medical School Faculty in Primary Care Specialties

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify a cost-effective and flexible nutrition education program designed for medical school faculty who teach nutrition. Teaching About Nutrition is a self-contained, easily modified nutrition education train-the-trainers program for medical school faculty who teach nutrition. The program consists of 6 clinical modules – Nutrition in the Doctor's Office, Vegetarianism, Weight Management, Pregnancy & Lactation, HIV/AIDS , and Diabetes – which taken together address 30 of the 34 core educational guidelines for family physicians and 68 of the 92 topics deemed essential for developing physicians' competencies in nutrition. Each contains a pre-test, background readings, the ‘top 10' considerations physicians should expect to address, case studies complete with detailed answers, and print and non-print sources of professional and patient information. A 7 th module, Teaching About Nutrition , presents methods of teaching nutrition in the medical school, including development of nutrition OSCEs (objective structured clinical exams). The modules are available on floppy disks so faculty can make modifications to suit their own teaching needs. Hard copies of the modules are used at a faculty development workshop – objectives of which include updating faculty knowledge about food and nutrition, and enhancing faculty skills in applying various teaching methods. The workshop may be customized on the basis of such institutional considerations as budget, suitability for on-site and distance learning, and length of time faculty is available for training. For instance, the 2-part workshop we offer includes lectures, group discussions, exercises to determine the appropriateness of real food for specific disease states, and demonstrations of teaching techniques. It meets the criteria for 9 hours in category 1 of the physician's recognition award of the American Medical Association, but institutions that cannot release staff to attend lengthy programs can compress the material into a 2-hour session. In addition to medical school faculty, Teaching About Nutrition may also be used for training physicians' assistants, nurse practitioners, and students in graduate nutrition programs.
Pulmonary Hypertension Affects Left Ventricular Basal Twist: A Novel Use for Speckle‐Tracking Imaging

BACKGROUND Chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) results in right ventricular (RV) mechanical dyssynchrony. However, its effects on left ventricular (LV) mechanics have not been examined. OBJECTIVE Since speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) is a novel approach to quantify LV dyssynchrony; we decided to use STE to assess the effect of PH on LV mechanics. METHODS Our echocardiography database was queried for patients with PH who had undergone STE analysis and compared to similarly collected data from a group of healthy volunteers. RESULTS Group I (15 patients, age of 53 +/- 17 years, pulmonary artery pressure of 62 +/- 20 mmHg, eccentricity index of 0.78 +/- 0.06, and LV ejection fraction of 64 +/- 11%) and Group II (8 healthy volunteers, age 41 +/- 9 years, pulmonary artery pressure 14.6 +/- 4.2 mmHg, eccentricity index of 1.02 +/- 0.05, and LV ejection fraction of 66 +/- 6 mmHg). There was no difference in QRS duration between the two groups. Although PH significantly altered basal LV twist (Group I: M =-5.76 degrees versus Group II: M =-1.82 degrees , P < 0.05), it had no effect on LV apical twist (5.29 degrees versus 4.50 degrees ; P = NS, respectively). More notably, significant LV radial basal LV dyssynchrony, measured as the time to peak LV basal twist, was seen as a result of PH. CONCLUSIONS STE identifies the presence of LV dyssynchrony in PH despite normal LV ejection fraction and no difference in QRS duration. Additional studies are now required to further characterize these results and determine their prognostic significance.
Appropriate Health R&D and Intellectual Property Rights Reform in Developing Countries

Welfare implications of imposing intellectual property rights (IPR) protection on health goods in developing countries are analysed using a North–South model. Consumption of health goods counteracts adverse effects of region-specific diseases on labour supply. Health needs differ between consumers in innovating and imitating countries, weakening the benefits of southern IPR enforcement for the North and strengthening the benefits for the South. Southern regions with unique health needs are more likely to benefit from IPR enforcement if healthcare infrastructure is adequate and the southern market is large enough to stimulate sufficient innovation. There is then also interregional income convergence.
Proposal for a new grading system for chronic pancreatitis: the ABC system.

Background A satisfactory classification, or staging system, for chronic pancreatitis is not available. Currently available systems use histologic proof or imaging data for assessment. Although the former is not available in all cases, the latter may not correlate well with the clinical presentation. Therapy for chronic pancreatitis depends on the clinical aspects of the disease, not purely on the duct morphology or histology. Goals A staging/grading system is proposed that is applicable to all types of diagnosed chronic pancreatitis and that allows comparison of similar groups. It also provides therapeutic guidelines. The system divides patients into grades A, B, and C, depending on the presence or absence of abdominal pain or complications. Further subdivision is based on the presence or absence of deficiency in pancreatic function. This staging system permits accurate description of the disease with relevance to therapeutic approach and prognosis.
The power infuser: A new device for rapid fluid infusion

Abstract This study examined the effectiveness and ease of use of the ID Power Infuser, a pocket-sized device that can infuse fluid at rates up to 6 L/hr. Forty-six adults presenting with non-traumatic hypotension or clinical hypovolemia had 0.9% NaCl solution infused by the ID Power Infuser through a peripheral IV catheter. Eighteen patients with hemodynamic evidence of hypovolemia had a mean infusion rate of 2 L/hr with time to resolution of hypovolemia 28.5 ± 7 min, 14 of these had an infusion rate ≥ 4 L/hr with resolution of hypovolemia of 13.7 ± 5.8 min. Resolution of hypovolemia was significantly faster compared with a group receiving gravity infusion. Use of the Power Infuser was deemed easy (VAS = 1.9 ± 1.9 cm). The ID PowerInfuser can accurately and quickly deliver IV crystalloid in the ED and has the potential to reduce morbidity, time in the ED, and costs. (Am J Emerg Med 2003;21:129-132. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.)
Listeria monocytogenes in the Chinese food system: strain characterization through partial actA sequencing and tissue-culture pathogenicity assays.

Human listeriosis is generally caused by consumption of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods that are stored for extended periods of time at refrigeration temperatures and that permit the growth of the causative agent, Listeria monocytogenes. Food-consumption patterns in China are undergoing rapid changes and more regular consumption of refrigerated-storage RTE foods may increase the risk of human listeriosis. In total, 40 L. monocytogenes isolates were obtained from food (n = 32) and sewage (n = 6) samples and from two human listeriosis cases that occurred in China. All isolates were characterized into molecular subtypes by DNA sequencing of the 597 bp 3′-terminal region of the virulence gene actA. Sequence data were used to classify the 40 Chinese L. monocytogenes isolates into sequence types and phylogenetic lineages, and to compare the sequence types of the Chinese isolates with those of isolates from the USA. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the Chinese isolates could be separated into two genetic lineages, with 14 and 26 isolates belonging to lineages I and II, respectively. Lineage II could be subdivided further into two clusters, IIA and IIB. Lineages I and II were identical to the two lineages described previously among US L. monocytogenes isolates. In total, 14 actA sequence types could be differentiated among the 40 Chinese L. monocytogenes isolates; two specific actA sequence types were found among both Chinese and US isolates. Isolates belonging to lineage II showed a significantly lower ability to invade and multiply within human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells than lineage I isolates. It was concluded that DNA sequencing of the 3′-terminal region of actA appears to be an effective method for rapid subtype and lineage classification of L. monocytogenes. As strains belonging to lineages I and II have previously been found among isolates from Europe and North America, these results show that L. monocytogenes clonal groups found in China are very similar to those found in the USA. Many L. monocytogenes strains may thus represent globally distributed clonal types. Together with the first description of two human listeriosis cases in China, these data indicate that changes in food-distribution and -consumption patterns in China and other countries will probably lead to the emergence of human listeriosis as a food-safety issue, as virulent strains of this pathogen appear to be present in the Chinese food supply.
Torsion of elastic cylinders in contact

Abstract The torsion of two finite, coaxial, circular cylinders, of dissimilar materials, in contact, is considered. The surface of contact is assumed to consist of two parts: an exterior region of slip and an interior region of adhesion. Assuming that slip has progressed a sufficient amount, an analytical expression is given relating the angle of twist with the constant shear stress (assumed) in the slip region, necessary to eliminate a singularity in stress. The special case of an external crack, corresponding to zero shear stress in the slip region, is also discussed.
The hausdorff dimension of the sample path of a subordinator

The Hausdorff dimension of the range of an arbitrary subordinator is exactly determined in terms of the rate of linear drift and the Levy measure of the subordinator. This generalizes the result of Blumenthal and Getoor: that for a stable subordinator of indexσ, the dimension of the range isσ.
The role of interfacial dislocation networks in high temperature creep of superalloys

The dislocation networks generated during high-temperature creep of several single-crystal nickel-based superalloys are analyzed. The networks continually evolve during creep at relatively low temperatures or eventually reach a more stable configuration at high temperatures. Specifically, the role of these networks in directional coarsening processes are studied, along with their formation kinetics, characteristics, and stability during creep. The results of this study combined with previous findings suggest that the directional coarsening process is strongly influenced by elastic strain energy. The dislocation networks formed during primary creep are found to be stable during all subsequent creep stages. Aspects of these dislocation networks are determined to be a product of both the applied creep stress and coherency strains.
Sadat and Camp David Reappraised

High above a mountaintop in Maryland, a sleek helicopter circled over thick stands of oak, maple, and poplar, then slowly settled down toward a cluster of cottages and a landing pad. Anwar al-Sadat, the president of Egypt, had arrived, and Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter were waiting. It was the afternoon of 5 September 1978 at Camp David, the start of a summit meeting that would change the face of the Middle East. According to Hasan al-Tuhamy, then and now a deputy prime minister and advisor to the president, the first full-dress meeting between the Egyptian and American delegations started "with a blow to our faces. Carter told us, 'Here we shall start from the beginning and everything is negotiable.' " The Egyptians were enraged, for they had come to Camp David, they insist, only because they believed that the United States had agreed to support basic Egyptian positions. Tuhamy says, "I told Carter and his group, 'If you think you are coming here to negotiate every point from scratch, you are mistaken.' " Tuhamy claims he went on to say that any agreement under which Israel failed to return the Sinai or to evacuate the territories occupied in the 1967 War or
Improvements in the computer enumeration of permutation isomers

Abstract Several improvements in methods for the computer enumeration of permutation isomers are presented. The unique compositions of monovalent substituents on a given molecular framework are classified into ordered partitions of the total number of substitution sites, enormously reducing the number of calculations that must be performed. Using an algorithm which multiplies symmetric polynomials represented by partitions and which does not use symbolic algebra, it is possible to expand a Polya cycle index polynomial for the group representing the substitution sites on a molecular framework and automatically collect the multinomial terms into their partition representations. The method is illustrated by completely enumerating all the stereo- and constitutional permutation isomers of nonrigid pentane with up to twelve different substituents. Further examples are provided with adamantane, dodecahedrane and rigid and nonrigid biphenyl.
Internal layers of a transient convection-diffusion problem by perturbation methods

Abstract A transient convection-diffusion problem with moving sharp fronts is studied by using perturbation methods. A uniformly valid approximate solution is obtained for two cases: shock layer and angular layer. It is shown that the shock layer function can be described by the complementary error function, while the angular layer function can be described by the first iterated integral of the complementary error function.
X-ray topography of hydride domains

Abstract X-ray topographic techniques were applied to the study of twin related domains in niobium hydride and deuteride crystals. It was shown that contrast between the domains, which results from small differences in orientation, allows the method to be used in the study of the domain behavior. The method is compared to the alternate technique of optical metallography.
Fine structural analysis of rabbit synovial cells. I. The normal synovium and changes in organ culture.

The distinction between fibroblast and macrophage-like cells in the rabbit synovium is relatively easy to assess. A careful analysis of the two types of cells indicates that the Golgi apparatus, pinocytotic vesicles and lipid inclusions are more commonly observed in fibroblast-like or F cells. The macrophage-like or M cell is characterized by numerous short filopodia and cytoplasmic inclusions and vacuoles. Using these criteria a count of 700 lining cells revealed 63% fibroblasts, 34% macrophage-like and 3% intermediate cells. In organ culture there is a gradual disappearance of macrophage-like cells most marked between Day 1 and 3 due possibly to cell migration. The typical lining cell in culture has multiple lipid inclusions, widened endoplasmic reticulum and gray granular inclusions. Thus, the surviving synovial lining cell in organ cultures appears to be similar to the fibroblast of the original synovium.
Rationale and experimental design for the va cooperative study of anticoagulation (warfarin) in the treatment of cancer

Anticoagulants have been demonstrated to reduce tumor growth in certain experimental animal systems. Inhibition of clot formation interferes with tumor growth and spread while enhancement of coagulation promotes tumor growth and spread. The fact that the coagulation mechanism is commonly activated in human malignancy together with preliminary reports of therapeutic efficacy of anticoagulants suggests that the coagulation mechanism may be of pathophysiologic significance also in the growth of human tumors. A VA Cooperative Study has been established to test the hypothesis that warfarin anticoagulation will modify the course of malignancy in man. The purpose of this paper is to present the rationale and experimental design for this study with emphasis on management of anticoagulant administration in cancer patients. This paper serves as the basis for forthcoming reports of toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of warfarin in human malignancy.
Magnetic Analysis of the Deuteron-Beryllium Reactions

The charged particle spectra from the deuteron bombardment of ${\mathrm{Be}}^{9}$ have been analyzed magnetically with a spectrograph employing a second-order focus. Previously established transitions to states in ${\mathrm{Be}}^{10}$ and ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$ were observed, and a careful search of the proton and alpha-spectra failed to disclose additional states in these nuclei, throughout the region explored. The excitation energy of the second excited state of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$ was determined as 4.62\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 Mev. The transition to the broad first excited state of ${\mathrm{Be}}^{8}$, as well as to the ground state, was revealed in the triton spectrum. Alpha- and triton continue resulting from the three-particle disintegrations, ${\mathrm{Be}}^{9}(d, \ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{Li}}^{7**}(\ensuremath{\alpha})t$ and ${\mathrm{Be}}^{9}(d, t){\mathrm{Be}}^{8*}(\ensuremath{\alpha})\ensuremath{\alpha}$, were also observed and examined in some detail. Other three-particle disintegrations appear improbable but cannot be definitely excluded, at the bombarding energies employed from 0.5 to 1.0 Mev.
Extracellular microfibrils: contextual platforms for TGFβ and BMP signaling

The extracellular matrix plays a key role in organ formation and tissue homeostasis. Recent studies have revealed that fibrillin assemblies (microfibrils) confer both tissue integrity and regulate signaling events that instruct cell performance and that perturbation of either function manifests in disease. These analyses have also indicated that fibrillin assemblies impart contextual specificity to TGFβ and BMP signaling. Moreover, correlative evidence suggests functional coupling between cell-directed assembly of microfibrils and targeting of TGFβ and BMP complexes to fibrillins. Hence, the emerging view is that fibrillin-rich microfibrils are molecular integrators of structural and instructive signals with TGFβs and BMPs as nodal points that convert extracellular inputs into discrete and context-dependent cellular responses.
Purification and partial characterization of feline trypsin

Abstract Trypsins have been purified and characterized in a multitude of mammalian and nonmammalian species, but not in the domestic cat ( Felis catus ). In several species two or more isoforms of trypsin have been isolated. Feline trypsin was purified from feline pancreas by sulfuric acid extraction, ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration and affinity chromatography on a benzamidine-activated sepharose gel. Feline trypsinogen was purified by sulfuric acid extraction, SDS-PAGE and electroelution. Only one isoform of feline trypsin and its zymogen could be demonstrated. Isoelectric focusing on agarose gel revealed an isoelectric point of greater than 10.0 for both feline trypsinogen and trypsin. The molecular weight of feline trypsinogen was estimated at 22,600, while the molecular weight of feline trypsin was estimated at 21,000. The N -terminal amino acid sequence of feline trypsinogen was Phe-Pro-Ile-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys-Ile-Val-Gly-Gly-Tyr-Thr-Asn-Arg. We conclude that cats either have only one isoform of trypsin or that other isoforms are present in minute quantities, undetectable by commonly used methods. We further conclude that feline trypsinogen and trypsin are cationic. Finally, the N -terminal amino acid sequence of the last 16 amino acid residues of feline trypsinogen is closely related to that of other mammalian species and the final 8 amino acid residues (termed trypsinogen activation peptide) are identical to those of canine cationic trypsinogen.
Self-touching behavior in the job interview: Antecedents and consequences.

This study examined self-touching behavior in a simulated employment interview. Four male and four female interviewers each met with four applicants (four male and four female) under two different conditions of formality (informal and formal). Results showed that sex composition of the dyad, status within the dyad, and situational formality could dramatically affect the frequency and location of self-touching. In examining self-touching as a predictor of interpersonal outcomes and hiring decisions, it was found that male interviewers rated applicants more favorably than did female interviewers, and both male and female interviewers engaged in more foot touching while conducting interviews leading to a favorable hiring decision. The striking number of results with large effect sizes suggests that self-touching may be an important but neglected variable in social interaction.
THE RAPID RAT TEST FOR PREGNANCY: THE OVARIAN HYPEREMIA RESPONSE AS A ROUTINE DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE*

SEVERAL authors have described rapid tests for pregnancy based on the hyperemic response of the immature rat ovary to pregnancy urine gonadotropin. Salmon and associates (1) observed that ovarian hyperemia was produced within six hours following a subcutaneous injection of pregnancy urine and suggested this as a test for pregnancy. Kupperman, Greenblatt and Noback (2) reported that the duration of the test could be reduced to two hours provided the urine was injected intraperitoneally. The accuracy of the two-hour test (excluding observations in ectopicpregnancy) has recently been reported by Kupperman and Greenblatt (3) to be 99.5 per cent in a total of 752 tests. Bunde (4) using either the twohour test with intraperitoneal injections or the six-hour test with subcutaneous injections, obtained an accuracy of only 84.5 per cent in 108 tests. A test developed by Zondek, Sulman and Black (5) consists of two subcutaneous injections of pregnancy urine at an interval of one hour. The accuracy of this test was ...
A generalized multiphase mixture (M2) model for PEFC flow field design

Abstract A lot of effort has gone into designing an optimum flow field for PEFC (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell) that can both efficiently distribute reactants to the reactions sites and remove products through the outlet. Presence of liquid water in the products has been one of the main concerns. Unfortunately, single phase flow solutions have been considered for most of the design optimization studies due to the unavailability of a fast and accurate two-phase flow model. Recently a Multiphase-Mixture (M2) based model has been developed for two-phase flow computations in the cathode channels of a PEFC. This model has now been extended to the anode side. A drawback of implementing this mvodel is that it requires an orthogonal hexahedral mesh which in a real PEFC stack geometry is very difficult to achieve. In this study the model has been extended to non-orthogonal hexahedral and tetrahedral meshes, which can be used to mesh any three-dimensional geometry. Also, in order to reduce the meshing effort, an immersed body approach has been tested successfully on this model. The resulting two-phase flow model valid for arbitrary flow field geometries is fast and accurate and a possible direction to reduce the meshing effort is presented.
Idealized Dynamic Stress-Strain Curve of Uniaxial Compression of Metallic Solids

The idealized stress-strain curve of dynamic loading for the one-dimensional compression of an isotropic solid with rigidity and yield point as shown in a paper by Rice and his colleagues is examined. It is concluded that this curve is correct only for cases where the rate of compression is low but that it is incorrect for cases where the rate of compression is very high. Based on the difficulties of dislocation motion in a solid at high shock-wave velocities, a modified idealized dynamic stress-strain curve for one-dimensional compression is suggested.
From map images to geographic names

Map labels provide valuable geographic information by annotating geographic phenomenona with text descriptions. However, many interesting and useful maps are only available as images and hence this information is not readily accessible in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Previous work on text recognition in maps considers maps as a special type of image to be processed using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) techniques and does not pay attention to the typical workflows in a GIS. As a result, to convert map labels into machine-readable text, a user has to switch between OCR and GIS software, transform the detected text locations from the image coordinates (in OCR) to the map coordinates (in GIS), and apply data import/export procedures. This tedious process limits the opportunity to access text information in maps. This paper presents ArcStrabo, an integration of our previous text recognition work and a GIS, which uses a GIS user interface, workflows, and data types to enable efficient training of text recognition algorithms for converting map labels to a table of geographic names. We show that ArcStrabo facilitates map digitization processes, eliminates the need for GIS users to learn additional OCR tools, and does not require manual data export/import procedures between GIS and OCR software.
Mapping the environment: an operational environmental analysis model

Abstract While most theorists and practitioners realize the importance of environmental analysis today, model-building emphasizes scanning and assessment. It is also important, however, to predict the future state of the environment. This prediction forms the basis for formulating a strategy which will maximize the firm's position in the future environment. This paper introduces a model which covers the important stages of environmental analysis: scanning, assessment and prediction. The model also includes a new classification system for external variables and an outline for analyzing these variables. It is an attempt to provide an operational guideline to be used by practitioners.
PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF ASPERITIES DURING CONSOLIDATION OF PLASMA SPRAYED METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE MONOTAPE

Abstract The plastic deformation of contacts is a principal densification mechanism during the consolidation of metal matrix composite monotape and alloy powders. Models for predicting their densification rely on the accurate prediction of the stresses required to cause contact deformation. In the past, indentation analysis has been used for this.It gives a simple criterion for yielding; namely, the contact stress must equal 2.97 times the uniaxial yield stress. Here, we analyze the plastic blunting of a hemispherical asperity, and compare it with the indentation result. Using the finite element method we calculate the evolution of contact stress to cause continued deformation using both elastic-perfectly plastic and elastic isotropic hardening constitutive laws and frictionless no slip conditions at the contact interface. The calculations reveal that the yiekd criterion depends on three factors: the evolving asperity shape (elastic constraint), lateral (external constraint), and material hardening. While the onset of fully plastic deformation occurs at roughly the same contact stress for both blunting and indentation (at slightly less than three times the uniaxial yield stress), the stress required to cause continued plastic deformation drops sharply during blunting. The drop in effective flow stress arises from geometric changes which lessen the degree of elastic constraint on the expanding plastic zone. Based on the numerical results, an approximate relation for the normalized contact stress vs asperity deformation has been determined and used to improve existing densification models.
Asymmetrical relationships between absorbance, fluorescence, and dissolved organic carbon1

Relationships between ultraviolet absorbance, fluorescence, and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were examined in four model materials fractionated by gel permeation chromatography. Fluorescence was consistently a poor predictor of DOC concentration, and absorbance correctly predicted DOC concentration only in the more labile materials. Asymmetry between DOC and the two optical parameters was related to the apparent molecular weight of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) and could be explained by greater levels of internal quenching and shielding in compounds of larger apparent molecular weight. A lake-to-lake comparison (n = 55) showed a calcium-relative selective loss of high molecular weight humic materials, which invalidates the use of either optical characteristic as a good predictor of DOC concentration in hard-water systems. Calcium-related seasonal and between-lake differences in the relative molecular weight of the DOM may selectively alter trace metal availability.
On Some 2-Adic Properties of a Recurrence Involving Stirling Numbers ∗

We analyze some 2-adic properties of the sequence defined by the recurrence Z(1) = 1; Z(n) = Σk=1n−1S(n, k)Z(k), n ≥ 2, which counts the number of ultradissimilarity relations, i.e., ultrametrics on an n-set. We prove the 2-adic growth property ν2(Z(n)) ≥ ⌈log2n⌉ −1 and present conjectures on the exact values.
Factors affecting time to revision sinus surgery for nasal polyps: A 25-year experience

Objectives/Hypothesis Surgical treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is often followed by polyp regrowth with return of symptoms. The purpose of this study is to identify clinical factors that influence the time interval to revision sinus surgery in patients with nasal polyps. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Records of 299 individuals who underwent two or more surgeries for the diagnosis of nasal polyps by the senior author (RM) from 1987 through 2011 were reviewed. The time between surgical interventions were compared to patient demographics, comorbidities, endoscopic examination, computed tomography (CT) stage, extent of surgery, and pathologic findings. Results The mean time interval between polyp surgeries was 4.87 ± 3.61 years (range 0.7–18.6 years). The median time to revision surgery was shorter in patients who smoked compared to nonsmokers (2.82 vs. 4.31 years, respectively, P = .022) and longer in patients who underwent middle turbinate resection rather than preservation (4.56 vs. 3.93 years, respectively, P = .048). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis confirmed these findings, but the beneficial effect of turbinectomy appeared to dissipate by 8 years. Neither a history of asthma nor advanced CT stage influenced the time to revision surgery. Conclusion The time course between sinus surgeries in patients with regrowth of nasal polyps appears to be affected by certain modifiable extrinsic factors, including smoking on the part of the patient and operative technique on the part of the surgeon. The performance of middle turbinate resection during sinus surgery appears to extend the time interval until a revision procedure is required. Level of Evidence 2b. Laryngoscope, 124:29–33, 2014
Sex role correlates of stress-prone type a behavior in college students

This study considered the direct and interactive relationships between three sex role variables and Type A/Type B behavior in college students of both sexes. As predicted, Type A college women were more masculine than Type B controls; Type A females were not less feminine, however, as had been expected. No relationship was found between masculine or feminine sex role behavior and Type A status in college men, consistent with the results of an earlier study. Both male and female Type As revealed weaker gender schemas than Type B controls. Analysis of the conjoint variation of all three sex role components revealed no relationships for either Type A or Type B men. Type A women presented an unusual asynchrony between these components in light of the expected positive relation between stereotyped sex role identity (femininity) and sensitivity to stereotyped differences between women and men (strong gender-schematic processing). Nontraditional female Type As, who were more masculine than feminine, demonstrated strong gender schemas. Traditional female Type As, more feminine than masculine, displayed weak gender schemas. Type B women did not display these unusual sex role linkages.