cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of dementia subtypes based on a diffusion MRI multi-model approach

Dementia refers to symptoms associated with cognitive decline which is widespread in aging population. Among the various subtypes of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are the two most prevalent types. The main aim of this study is to identify biomarkers which could accurately distinguish between the two dementia subtypes, AD and VCI, in order to aid the physician in planning disease specific treatments. Diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI) studies have been widely reported in neuroimaging research as an efficient biomarker in identifying the pathologies associated with dementia. Generally, these studies utilize the metrics estimated from a specific DW-MRI model. For the first time, we attempted to use diffusion derived metrics from more than a single model through fusion technique. In this study, the metrics from two well known DW-MRI models such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) are fused using a multiset canonical correlation analysis combined with joint independent component analysis (mCCA+jICA) fusion framework to investigate the potential differences between AD and VCI groups. The participants include 35 healthy controls, 24 AD subjects and 23 VCI subjects. DWMRI data acquired with maximum b-value greater than or equal to 2000 s/mm2 which is suitable for DKI fitting. DTI derived metrics such as mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AxD) and radial diffusivity (RD) and DKI metrics such as mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK) and radial kurtosis (RK) are the diffusion features fused to obtain 8 independent components for each feature along with corresponding mixing coefficients. Performance of the proposed multi-model fusion framework is evaluated by comparing the group level testing carried out on features from individual diffusion models with the fused features from proposed method. Results showed that fusion methodology outperformed conventional unimodel approach in terms of distinguishing between subject groups. Diffusion features from individual models successfully distinguished between HC and disease groups (HC Vs AD and HC Vs VCI) with a minimum p-value of 0.00123 but failed to differentiate AD and VCI. On the other hand, the group differences between mixing coefficients obtained from fusion, showed differences between all pairs of subject groups (HC Vs AD, HC Vs VCI and AD Vs VCI). The significant p-value between AD and VCI obtained was 0.000897. The independent spatial components corresponding to mixing coefficient of minimum p-value was overlapped on MNI white matter (WM) tract atlas to identify the prominent WM tracts which showed a significant difference between AD and VCI. The WM tracts thus identified were superior longitudinal fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, optic radiation, cingulum and arcuate fasciculus. ROC analysis showed increased area under curve for fused features (average AUC=0.913) as compared to that of unimodel features (average AUC=0.77) which shows the increased sensitivity of proposed method.
Is Formamidinium Always More Stable than Methylammonium

Halide perovskite solar cells have achieved unprecedented progress in efficiency and high-throughput module manufacturing; however, the stability of perovskite devices remains to be a major obstacl...
Life in a Post-information Age Era?

What are we to make of the human-computer relationship of the past eight decades? What about the next half century? Technologies of all kinds have sway over our thinking, imposing on we humans an intellectual hegemony, and not just simply the weaker paradigm of thinking scientifically. Technological progress is a near God-like belief in large swaths of the world, even after accounting for such nastiness as computer chip toxins infiltrating our aquifers, nuclear plants exposing nearby communities to radiation in Russia and Japan, smart bombs killing civilians in regional wars, or fake news disseminated by bots. Computers made possible massive increases in economic prosperity, superior and safer travel in all forms, rapid and sophisticated development of medicines and new scientific information, enriched the lives of children with fun “screen time,” their parents too if we are to be candid, and made enormous amounts of information available to all of us “just in time.” Our Experience Economy would simply not function without information technologies, or our impatience to enjoy it.
Low-order Models of Atmospheric Circulations

Abstract : Low-order models (LOM's), which are systems of ordinary differential equations which have been simplified by extreme reduction of the number of dependent variables, are often capable of representing atmospheric processes in a qualitatively correct manner. With a LOM it is generally possible to obtain a much more extended time-dependent solution, or a much larger ensemble of solutions, than would be economically feasible with a larger model. A general procedure for constructing LOM's is described. A selection of LOM's is presented, to illustrate the many forms which these models may take and the many uses to which they may be put. The step-by-step construction of a LOM is illustrated with a model of the large-scale circulation of a moist atmosphere.
Opportunities and Recommendations for Improving Medication Safety: Understanding the Medication Management System in Primary Care Through an Abstraction Hierarchy

Background: Despite making great strides in improving the treatment of diseases, the minimization of unintended harm by medication therapy continues to be a major hurdle facing the health care system. Medication error and prescription of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) represent a prevalent source of harm to patients and are associated with increased rates of adverse events, hospitalizations, and increased health care costs. Attempts to improve medication management systems in primary care have had mixed results. Implementation of new interventions is difficult because of complex contextual factors within the health care system. Abstraction hierarchy (AH), the first step in cognitive work analysis (CWA), is used by human factors practitioners to describe complex sociotechnical systems. Although initially intended for the nuclear power domain and interface design, AH has been used successfully to aid the redesign of numerous health care systems such as the design of decision support tools, mobile patient monitoring apps, and a telephone triage system. Objective: This paper aims to refine our understanding of the primary care office in relation to a patient’s medication through the development of an AH. Emphasis was placed on the elements related to medication safety to provide guidance for the design of a safer medication management system in primary care. Methods: The AH development was guided by the methodology used by seminal CWA literature. It was initially developed by 2 authors and later fine-tuned by an expert panel of clinicians, social scientists, and a human factors engineer. It was subsequently refined until an agreement was reached. A means-ends analysis was performed and described for the nodes of interest. The model represents the primary care office space through functional purposes, values and priorities, function-related purposes, object-related processes, and physical objects. Results: This model depicts the medication management system at various levels of abstraction. The resulting components must be balanced and coordinated to provide medical treatment with limited health care resources. Understanding the physical and informational constraints on activities that occur in a primary care office depicted in the AH defines areas in which medication safety can be improved. Conclusions: Numerous means-ends relationships were identified and analyzed. These can be further evaluated depending on the specific needs of the user. Recommendations for optimizing a medication management system in a primary care facility were made. Individual practices can use AH for clinical redesign to improve prescribing and deprescribing practices.
STRESS AND VELOCITY FIELDS IN SOIL MECHANICS

Abstract : Lines of discontinuity in the plastic stress field of a cohesive soil in a state of plane strain are discussed. The jump conditions on the stress and the restrictions on the velocity field in the neighborhood of the line are obtained. The theory is applied to the problems of uniform pressure on 1 face of a wedge (or earth dam) and to a loaded trapezoid. An analytic intergration of the plane strain equations is carried out, and expressions are derived for the coordinates and curvatures of the failure lines and the velocity components at any point of plastic stress field in terms of the boundary values.
Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Beneficial Effects of Low Glucose on Neuronal Cell Survival in an in vitro Ischemic Penumbral Model

Understanding proteomic changes in the ischemic penumbra are crucial to rescue those salvageable cells and reduce the damage of an ischemic stroke. Since the penumbra region is dynamic with heterogeneous cells/tissues, tissue sampling from animal models of stroke for the molecular study is a challenge. In this study, cultured hippocampal HT22 cells under hypoxia treatment for 17.5 h with 0.69 mM low glucose (H+LG) could mimic ischemic penumbral cells since they had much higher cell viability and viable cell number compared to hypoxia without glucose (H-G) treatment. To validate established cell-based ischemic penumbral model and understand the beneficial effects of low glucose (LG), quantitative proteomics analysis was performed on H+LG, H-G, and normoxia with normal 22 mM glucose (N+G) treated cells. We identified 427 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between H-G and N+G and further identified 105 DAPs between H+LG and H-G. Analysis of 105 DAPs revealed that LG promotes cell survival by activating HIF1α to enhance glycolysis; preventing the dysregulations of extracellular matrix remodeling, cell cycle and division, and antioxidant and detoxification; as well as attenuating inflammatory reaction response, protein synthesis and neurotransmission activity. Our results demonstrated that this established cell-based system could mimic penumbral conditions and can be used for molecular studies.
Closing the Loop on Unscheduled Diagnostic Imaging Orders: A Systems-Based Approach.

Abstract Purpose The aims of this study were to (1) describe the System for Coordinating Orders for Radiology Exams (SCORE), the objective of which is to manage unscheduled orders for outpatient diagnostic imaging in an electronic health record (EHR) with embedded computerized physician order entry; (2) assess the impact of SCORE and other related factors (eg, demographics) on the rate of unscheduled orders; and (3) assess the clinical necessity of orders canceled, expired, scheduled, and performed. Methods This institutional review board–approved retrospective study was conducted at a large academic institution between October 1, 2017, and July 1, 2019. The design and implementation of SCORE are described, including people (eg, competencies), processes (eg, standardized procedures), and tools (eg, EHR interfaces, dashboard). The rate of unscheduled imaging orders was compared before SCORE (October 1, 2017, to September 30, 2018) and after SCORE (October 1, 2018, to Jun 30, 2019) using χ2 analysis. For 447 randomly selected orders, mode of resolution was obtained from the EHR, and factors related to order resolution were assessed using multivariate analysis. Finally, clinical necessity was manually assessed by two physicians. Results Before SCORE, 52,204 of 607,020 examination orders (8.6%) were unscheduled, compared with 20,900 of 475,000 examination orders (4.4%) after SCORE (P Conclusions SCORE significantly reduced unscheduled diagnostic imaging orders. This patient safety initiative may help reduce errors resulting from diagnostic delays due to unscheduled examination orders.
The Infrared Spectral Energy Distribution of Normal Star-Forming Galaxies

We have developed a new phenomenological model for the spectral energy distribution of normal star-forming galaxies between 3 and 1100 μm. These model spectra allow us to determine the infrared energy budget for normal galaxies, and in particular to translate far-infrared fluxes into total (bolometric) infrared fluxes. The 20 to 42 m range appears to show the most significant growth in relative terms as the activity level increases, suggesting that the 20–42 m continuum may be the best dust emission tracer of current star formation in galaxies.
Celebrating Edward J. Latessa: Person, Builder, Scholar, and Traveler

Edward J. Latessa has had a multifaceted influence on the field of criminal justice over a remarkable career that has spanned more than four decades. He has been instrumental in building the School...
Erosion from Liquid‐Metal Plasma‐Facing Components in Future Fusion Devices

The use of liquid metals as candidate plasma‐facing component (PFC) materials can enhance the performance and heat flux limits of fusion devices. Their applicability however, is strongly dependent on erosion properties including sputtering and evaporation. In this paper, the viability of candidate liquid metals such as lithium, tin and tin‐lithium is considered. Recent experimental results in the (Ion‐surface Interaction Experiment) IIAX at the University of Illinois and PISCES‐B at the University of California, San Diego have demonstrated anomalous erosion properties for liquid lithium and liquid tin‐lithium as the sample temperatures are raised. In IIAX the sputtering yield of liquid lithium and liquid tin‐lithium has been measured for 200–1000 eV bombardment of H+, D+, He+ and Li+ at 45‐degree incidence. Experiments in IIAX are carried out for sample temperatures between 200–450 °C. These experiments simulate similar conditions in fusion devices such as deuterium surface treatment, oblique incidence and ion fluence. The secondary ion sputtered fraction from liquid lithium and tin‐lithium has been found to be near 60–70% for temperatures ranging from 200–450 °C. This measurement is important in that the sputtered flux in the ionic state will immediately return to the lithium surface due to the sheath potential in a magnetic confinement device. Erosion from liquid lithium both from evaporation and sputtering is tolerable for temperatures ranging from 200–450 °C. When all mechanisms are considered: sputtering, secondary ion fraction and evaporation, candidate liquid metals such as lithium, show promise as viable PFCs under fusion device conditions.
Automatic Parallelization of Grid-Based Applications for the iPSC/860

The need to invest considerable time and effort to modify programs written in FORTRAN 77 so that they run in parallel has impacted the use of MIMD computers like the iPSC/860. The difficulty associated with very large codes has provided motivation for a number of research efforts to develop tools that reduce the parallelization effort. Very recently, these efforts have progressed to the point where semi-automatic parallelization is possible for a very important class of problems, the so called grid-based applications.
Generation of orbital vortices in optical fiber via acousto-optic interaction

In this paper, it is shown that an acousto-optic interaction in optical fiber can lead to a transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) from an acoustic vortex to an optical vortex and that spin and orbital angular momentum are conserved independently in this interaction.
Epoxy interface method enables enhanced compressive testing of highly porous and brittle materials

Abstract The compressive mechanical characterization of highly porous ceramics is problematic due to sensitivity to stress concentrations and localized fractures. In this paper a review of the methods used by the scientific community is done and their typical results, advantages, and shortcomings are discussed. Here, a new methodology that can address some of the problems associated with the current measurement procedures is presented. The proposed method is applied to highly porous barium titanate foams. This procedure produces more consistent data that can be analyzed and interpreted objectively. We show that properties such as the crushing or collapse stress as well as the compressive modulus cannot be extracted correctly by the conventional methods. By contrast, the proposed method collects data that is more accurate, consistent with what is expected of porous ceramics and that yields smaller measurement to measurement variation.
Long-Term Memory Search: An Intersecting Activation Process.

Abstract Subjects memorized subject-verb-object propositions and then judged whether verb-object probes appeared in the same proposition. Propositions either were connected via a common subject or were unconnected. Number of propositions associated with particular verbs and objects (fan) was also manipulated. Judgments were made under accuracy or speed emphasis. Reaction times and error rates were directly related to fan. Connectedness significantly increased reaction times and error rates for negative judgments. The data are consistent with a model which assumes that activation spreads from probe concepts in parallel through the propositional network, at a rate which varies inversely with the number of paths it must follow. When two sources of activation intersect, a positive response is generated. If no intersection is detected within some period of time, a negative response is initiated. A guessing model for errors was shown to account satisfactorily for all relationships between reaction times and errors in the data, including speed-accuracy trade-off effects, while assuming that memory search processes remain constant.
An Energy and Exergy Analysis of Economizer-Based Data Centers

Electrical consumption for data centers is on the rise as more and more of them are being built. Data center owners and operators are looking for methods to reduce energy consumption and electrical costs. One method of reducing facility costs for a chilled water plant is by adding an economizer. Most studies concerning economizer systems are largely conducted by looking at energy alone since the primary focus has reducing electrical costs. However, little research has been published that examines exergy destruction for these types of systems based on varying outdoor air conditions by locale. The purpose of this study has been to develop energy and exergy-based models of each of the most common economizer systems. In this paper, a normal chiller plant without an economizer and a chiller plant with an indirect wet-side economizer (the most common type of economizer system) are compared. A method for simulating a mechanical cooling system is provided and results show outdoor conditions influence facility energy consumption and exergy destruction.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Resonance effects during ion injection into an ion trap mass spectrometer

Abstract Resonance effects are described due to the application of a supplementary a.c. voltage applied 180° out-of-phase to the end caps of a quadrupole ion trap and the effects of varying the frequency and the amplitude of the modulation voltage are studied. At specific frequencies of the modulation voltage, sharp resonances are seen in the abundances of ions injected from an external source. The frequencies which produce resonances depend also on the amplitude of the r.f. voltage supplied to the ring electrode using injection. These effects are shown to be a consequence of modulation of ion motion by the supplementary field, which contains a dipole component together with a minor hexapole field component. The results predicted on this basis agree well with the experimental data. In the absence of the supplementary field, resonances are still observed for ions of sufficiently low kinetic energy.
Improved velocity estimation using single loop detectors

This paper develops an improved algorithm for estimating velocity from single loop detector data. Unlike preceding works, the algorithm is simple enough that it can be implemented using existing controller hardware. The discussion shows how the benefits of this work extend to automated tests of detector data quality at dual loop speed traps. Finally, this paper refutes an earlier study that found conventional single loop velocity estimates are biased.
Optimization of a Pressure-Swing Adsorption Process Using Zeolite 13X for CO2 Sequestration

A pressure-swing adsorption process, which uses zeolite 13X as an adsorbent to recover and sequester carbon dioxide from mixture gas (nitrogen and carbon dioxide), is investigated through dynamic simulation and optimization. The purpose of this paper is to improve the purity of each component by finding optimal values of decision variables with a given power constraint. Langmuir isotherm parameters are calculated from experimental data of zeolite 13X and a general mathematical model consisting of a set of partial differential and algebraic equations and solved in gPROMS. The method of centered finite differences is adopted for the discretization of the spatial domains, and a reduced space SQP method is used for the optimization. As a result, the optimal conditions at cyclic steady state are obtained.
The Polycomb Group Protein Bmi1 Binds to the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Latent Genome and Maintains Repressive Histone Marks during Latency

The mechanism by which herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes latency in sensory neurons is largely unknown. Recent studies indicate that epigenetic modifications of the chromatin associated with the latent genome may play a key role in the transcriptional control of lytic genes during latency. In this study, we found both constitutive and facultative types of heterochromatin to be present on the latent HSV-1 genome. Deposition of the facultative marks trimethyl H3K27 and histone variant macroH2A varied at different sites on the genome, whereas the constitutive marker trimethyl H3K9 did not. In addition, we show that in the absence of the latency-associated transcript (LAT), the latent genome shows a dramatic increase in trimethyl H3K27, suggesting that expression of the LAT during latency may act to promote an appropriate heterochromatic state that represses lytic genes but is still poised for reactivation. Due to the presence of the mark trimethyl H3K27, we examined whether Polycomb group proteins, which methylate H3K27, were present on the HSV-1 genome during latency. Our data indicate that Bmi1, a member of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) maintenance complex, associates with specific sites in the genome, with the highest level of enrichment at the LAT enhancer. To our knowledge, these are the first data demonstrating that a virus can repress its gene transcription to enter latency by exploiting the mechanism of Polycomb-mediated repression.
Eye movements and identifying words in parafoveal vision

Subjects either named or made lexical decisions about words presented in parafoveal vision. In one condition, subjects were required to maintain fixation, and in another condition, they were allowed to make eye movements. In the no eye movement condition, performance decreased as the stimulus was presented further from fixation. Words could be identified more quickly when eye movements were made than when they were not. The experiments also indicated that holding fixation takes up a certain amount of processing capacity, so that foveally presented targets are identified more quickly when eye movements are allowed than when they are not.
Cell-Cycle Control: Don't Supersize Me

Cells often grow to a certain cell size before entering mitosis and dividing. Two recent articles suggest that fission yeast cells sense their own size through the action of an intracellular gradient emanating from cell tips and a sensor at the cell middle.
Liquid Chromatographic Sensing in Water on a Thin-Clad Optical Fiber by Mode-Filtered Light Detection

An improved annular column sensor is reported. The sensor is made by applying a thin polymeric film cladding of trifluoropropylpolysiloxane (TFPS), nominally 0.1 μm thick, to a 200 μm diameter bare glass fiber core and inserting the fiber into a short section of 250 μm i.d. fused silica capillary tubing, producing an annular column. A He/Ne laser is directed into the end of the fiber optic. When a small sample volume is injected into a mobile phase flowing along the sensor, selective partitioning of an analyte into the thin polymeric film, i.e., the stationary phase, causes a local change in the cladding refractive index, and thus the aperture of the fiber, and a consequent change in the amount of light emerging from the side of the optical fiber is sensitively detected. Temporal selectivity is simultaneously obtained as there is some chromatographic separation of analytes flowing through the annular column sensor. The sensor is both theoretically and experimentally characterized in terms of the sensitivi...
Effect of Glycols on the Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers in Water. 2. Glycol Location in the Microstructure

The effects of cosolvents on the microstructure of the lyotropic liquid crystals formed by poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(propylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO−PPO−PEO) triblock copolymers in water were examined in ternary isothermal systems consisting of a representative PEO−PPO−PEO copolymer (Pluronic P105, (EO)37(PO)58(EO)37), water, and a polar cosolvent (glycerol, propylene glycol, ethanol, or glucose, referred to as “glycols”). The characteristic length scales of the lyotropic liquid crystals were established using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The SAXS data are analyzed and discussed with respect to (i) influence of the different glycols and the glycol content on the characteristic length scales, (ii) area occupied by one macromolecule at the polar/apolar interface, (iii) location of the different glycols in the microstructure, and (iv) glycol ability to modify the interfacial curvature through swelling the PEO−PPO−PEO macromolecule to different extents. The trends in the glycol effects obse...
Philip Furia and Laurie Patterson. The Songs of Hollywood

Reprint Edition. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. [x, 280 p. ISBN: 978-0199931750. $31.50 (hardcover)] Illustrations, filmography, index, and song index
Nelfinavir and Nelfinavir Analogs Block Site-2 Protease Cleavage to Inhibit Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Nelfinavir and its analogs inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer through inhibition of site-2 protease (S2P) activity, which leads to suppression of regulated intramembrane proteolysis. Western blotting in nelfinavir and its analog treated cells confirms accumulation of precursor SREBP-1 and ATF6. Nelfinavir and its analogs inhibit human homolog M. jannaschii S2P cleavage of an artificial protein substrate CED-9 in an in vitro proteolysis assay in a dose-dependent manner. Nelfinavir and its analogs are more potent inhibitors of S2P cleavage activity than 1,10-phenanthroline, a metalloprotease-specific inhibitor. Further, cluster analysis of gene expression from treated DU145 and PC3 cell lines demonstrate a close similarity of nelfinavir, its analogs, and 1,10-phenanthroline. These results show nelfinavir and its analogs inhibit castration-resistant prostate cancer proliferation by blocking regulated intramembrane proteolysis through suppression of S2P cleavage activity. This leads to accumulation of precursor SREBP-1 and ATF6, and development of insufficient reserves of their transcriptionally-active forms. The present results validate S2P and regulated intramembrane proteolysis as novel therapeutic targets for castration-resistant prostate cancer therapeutics. A clinical trial of nelfinavir or its analogs should be developed for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
High-performance ACID via modular concurrency control

This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of Callas, a distributed database system that offers to unmodified, transactional ACID applications the opportunity to achieve a level of performance that can currently only be reached by rewriting all or part of the application in a BASE/NoSQL Style. The key to combining performance and ease of programming is to decouple the ACID abstraction---which Callas offers identically for all transactions---from the mechanism used to support it. MCC, the new Modular approach to Concurrency Control at the core of Callas, makes it possible to partition transactions in groups with the guarantee that, as long as the concurrency control mechanism within each group upholds a given isolation property, that property will also hold among transactions in different groups. Because of their limited and specialized scope, these group-specific mechanisms can be customized for concurrency with unprecedented aggressiveness. In our MySQL Cluster-based prototype, Callas yields an 8.2x throughput gain for TPC-C with no programming effort.
Effects of exercise modality on patterns of ventilation and respiratory timing.

Ventilatory patterns and respiratory timing were measured in 14 subjects during cycling (CYC) and treadmill exercise (TM) at similar leg frequencies (fLEG) to determine if mode of exercise affects patterns of ventilation and respiratory timing. Measurements of breathing frequency (fR), tidal volume (VT), expired ventilation (VE), and inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) time were obtained at fLEG of 50, 70, and 90 rev.min-1 (rpm) for CYC and at similar incremental fLEG (strides.min-1; spm) during TM achieved by increasing belt speed at 0% grade. CYC exercise intensity was approximately 50% VO2,max at all fLEG, whereas VO2 increased progressively with TM. fR increased significantly (P < 0.001) with increasing fLEG of TM (20.5 +/- 4.6, 25.4 +/- 5.8, and 36.3 +/- 7.6 breaths.min-1; mean +/- SD), but during CYC fR changed significantly (P < 0.05) only between fLEG of 70 and 90 rpm (25.0 +/- 5.9 vs 28.5 +/- 6.9 breaths.min-1). Both average breath TI and TE obtained by grouping into incremental ranges of fR decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing fR up to 36 breaths.min-1 and the relationships of TI and TE to fR, TI to TE, and central inspiratory drive (VT/TI) to VE were the same for CYC and TM. Group average fR and fLEG were synchronized during TM, but individual subjects did not exhibit a high degree of entrainment. This study shows respiratory timing patterns to be independent of mode of exercise over the range of fR observed when describing patterns by grouping into incremental ranges of fR.
Stochastic Receding Horizon Control of Constrained Linear Systems With State and Control Multiplicative Noise

We develop a receding horizon control approach to stochastic linear systems with control and state multiplicative noise that also contain constraints. Our receding horizon formulation is based upon an on-line optimization that utilizes open-loop plus linear feedback and is solved as a semi-definite programming problem. We also provide a characterization of stability, performance, and constraint satisfaction properties of the receding horizon controlled system under a specific choice of terminal weight and terminal constraint. A simple numerical example is used to illustrate the approach.
The luminance resolution characteristics of multi‐primary‐color display

— In this paper, the resolution characteristics of multi-primary-color (MPC) display systems are analyzed. That four-primary-color (4PC) displays can increase the effective resolution for achromatic images in the luminance domain by a factor of two as compared to conventional RGB-based displays with MPC-specialized subpixel rendering, which is proposed in this paper, is demonstrated. Five- and six-primary-color (5PC and 6PC) display systems can reproduce denser luminance data than conventional RGB-based display systems and solve a problem of MPC displays, viz. an increase of production costs and a decrease in the aperture ratio caused by increasing the number of subpixels in one pixel. This is an essential advantage of MPC display systems, which is related to the combination of the proposed color-filter architecture and image processing. Thus, a completely new advantage of MPC display systems, in addition to their well-known capabilities of color reproduction and power saving, is proposed.
Opportunities to Meet: Occupational Education and Marriage Formation in Young Adulthood

Explanations for the positive association between education and marriage in the United States emphasize the economic and cultural attractiveness of having a college degree in the marriage market. However, educational attainment may also shape the opportunities that men and women have to meet other college-educated partners, particularly in contexts with significant educational stratification. We focus on work—and the social ties that it supports—and consider whether the educational composition of occupations is important for marriage formation during young adulthood. Employing discrete-time event-history methods using the NLSY-97, we find that occupational education is positively associated with transitioning to first marriage and with marrying a college-educated partner for women but not for men. Moreover, occupational education is positively associated with marriage over cohabitation as a first union for women. Our findings call attention to an unexplored, indirect link between education and marriage that, we argue, offers insight into why college-educated women in the United States enjoy better marriage prospects.
Youth Appraisals of Inter-parental Conflict and Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Examination of GxE Effects in a Twin Sample

Identification of gene x environment interactions (GxE) for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a crucial component to understanding the mechanisms underpinning the disorder, as prior work indicates large genetic influences and numerous environmental risk factors. Building on prior research, children’s appraisals of self-blame were examined as a psychosocial moderator of latent etiological influences on ADHD via biometric twin models, which provide an omnibus test of GxE while managing the potential confound of gene-environment correlation. Participants were 246 twin pairs (total n = 492) ages 6–16 years. ADHD behaviors were assessed via mother report on the Child Behavior Checklist. To assess level of self-blame, each twin completed the Children’s Perception of Inter-parental Conflict scale. Two biometric GxE models were fit to the data. The first model revealed a significant decrease in genetic effects and a significant increase in unique environmental influences on ADHD with increasing levels of self-blame. These results generally persisted even after controlling for confounding effects due to gene-environment correlation in the second model. Results suggest that appraisals of self-blame in relation to inter-parental conflict may act as a key moderator of etiological contributions to ADHD.
Buckling and postbuckling of composite panels with cutouts subjected to combined edge shear and temperature change

The results of a detailed study of the buckling and postbuckling responses of composite panels with central circular cutouts are presented. The panels are subjected to combined edge shear and temperature change. The panels are discretized by using a two-field degenerate solid element with each of the displacement components having a linear variation throughout the thickness of the panel. The fundamental unknowns consist of the average mechanical strains through the thickness and the displacement components. The effects of geometric nonlinearities and laminated anisotropic material behavior are included. The stability boundary, postbuckling response and the hierarchical sensitivity coefficients are evaluated. The hierarchical sensitivity coefficients measure the sensitivity of the buckling and postbuckling responses to variations in the panel stiffnesses, and the material properties of both the individual layers and the constituents (fibers and matrix). Numerical results are presented for composite panels with central circular cutouts subjected to combined edge shear and temperature change, showing the effects of variations in the hole diameter, laminate stacking sequence and fiber orientation, on the stability boundary and postbuckling response and their sensitivity to changes in the various panel parameters.
Mass loss rates from protostars and Ol(63 μm) shock luminosities

Abstract The high-velocity ejection of material from protostars results in a wind shock which may be observable in Ol(63 μm) emission. It is shown that for a wide range of conditions, the Ol(63 μm) luminosity is proportional to the mass loss rate from the protostar. Application is made to shock Ol(63 μm) emission observed around IRc2 in the BN-KL region of Orion.
Influence of phosphor configuration on thermal performance of high power white LED array

Thermal management is of critical importance for high power white light-emitting diodes lamps in which blue chip array is combined with yellow phosphors. In this study, the thermal performance of a 100W white LED package on a heat sink with a CCT of 4500K under different phosphor configuration was investigated by a combination of the ray-tracing simulation and computational fluid dynamics simulation. Key simulation results were verified by experiment at first. The simulation results show that the maximum temperature of the model always exists in the phosphor layer. As phosphors are moved away from the LED chips, the maximum temperature of phosphors increases from 120.4°C (200-µm thick conformal phosphor coating) to 160.6°C (in-cup phosphor), and even to 203°C (200-µm thick remote phosphor). It coincides with an analysis of the thermal resistance network of the model, which shows that the major dissipation path for heat generated in the phosphor layer is through the (encapsulant) chips, substrate, heat sink into the air. Among all studied phosphor configurations, the highest junction temperature is 98.3°C, and exists in the model with conformal phosphor coating. It is due to severe absorption of back scattered light by LED chips with phosphor coating.
Weighted empirical adaptive variance estimators for correlated data regression

Estimating equations based on marginal generalized linear models are useful for regression modelling of correlated data, but inference and testing require reliable estimates of standard errors. We introduce a class of variance estimators based on the weighted empirical variance of the estimating functions and show that an adaptive choice of weights allows reliable estimation both asymptotically and by simulation in finite samples. Connections with previous bootstrap and jackknife methods are explored. The effect of reliable variance estimation is illustrated in data on health effects of air pollution in King County, Washington.
INTERNATIONALIZATION AND TEACHER EDUCATION: WHAT DISPOSITIONS DO TEACHERS NEED FOR GLOBAL ENGAGEMENT?

As more and more universities begin the process of internationalizing their campuses, teacher education programs must also prepare pre-service teachers for global engagement. Establishing a strong foundation for global engagement is crucial in teacher training as it impacts not only pre-service teachers, but also the students with whom they will work. Teacher education programs can promote internationalization and prepare teachers for global engagement through study abroad programs as well as by incorporating models and frameworks for global education into the curriculum. Although there are a number of these models and frameworks available, all of which share many of the same indicators of global-mindedness, there is something missing: the dispositions that teachers need in order to participate in global engagement in a meaningful way. Drawing on research from critical theory, psychology and student development theory, this paper describes five dispositions that are essential for preparing teachers for global engagement. These dispositions include curiosity, tolerance for ambiguity, reflexivity, flexibility and persistence. These dispositions are not independent of one another and are required in different degrees, depending on the global context being investigated. KEYWORDS: internationalization, teacher education, global engagement, pre-service teachers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/atee.v1i0.657
Limitation of phytoplankton species in the ocean off western Africa1

The growth rate of phytoplankton off the west coast of Africa appeared not to be nutrient limited for two reasons. First, most of the species characteristic of nonupwelling regions did not show increased abundance in upwelling or productive regions where nutrient or other species were abundant. Second, in an upwelling region, where diatoms dominated, nutrients exceeded the half-saturation values characteristic of diatoms. A deductive model of the nutrient cycle, covering a complete range of nutrient concentrations, is used to interpret the field data. Since most species in the nonupwelling region were not limited, i.e., were not prevented from being abundant, by the small excess of nitrogen there, the compound statement ''cells in the nonupwelling region were prevented from being abundant and cells in the upwelling region were not prevented from being abundant'' is false. Instead, the statement that ''co-occurrence of cells and excess nitrogen, with small and large amounts in the respective regions, was harmonious'' is true.
Evaluation of brazing techniques for fabricating large ceramic ring assemblies as neutral beam and vacuum pump insulators

Abstract This paper discusses the experimental and analytical work done in evaluating a variety of design configurations for insulator ring assemblies required for the neutral-beam injector and vacuum pumping ports in TFTR. Finite-element analysis indicated that the structural stresses are a function of metal thickness, allowance for metal overlap, and dimensions of the ceramic rings. Successful silver braze joints between copper and porcelain, and 430 stainless steel and porcelain, were achieved on subscale models using the porcelain and metal geometries that were analytically determined to reduce the stresses in the brazed assembly.
The Spectrum and Presentation of Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis

Abstract Purpose Extrapulmonary dissemination of Coccidioides species is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The clinical manifestations vary widely according to the host, the severity of illness, and location of dissemination. The morbidity and mortality can be reduced by early recognition and treatment, which in turn depends on understanding the spectrum and presentation of disease. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 150 cases with extrapulmonary nonmeningeal disease seen from 1996 to 2007 at a referral medical center in an endemic region. Results Hematogenous dissemination was associated with high mortality and occurred primarily in immunocompromised patients, but only 30% of patients with more limited forms of dissemination were immunocompromised. In keeping with prior studies, there was a preponderance of males (nearly 2:1) and people of African or Asian (especially Pacific Islanders) descent. In contrast, Hispanics and diabetics were not at increased risk. Serology was frequently negative in immunocompromised patients, but the diagnosis could be established by isolation of the organism in culture, or in histologic or cytologic specimens. Conclusions Although coccidioidomycosis is a great imitator, the diagnosis can usually be made readily if a high level of suspicion is maintained and appropriate diagnostic testing is performed. In most patients, that will include serologic testing in addition to cultures and histology or cytology of appropriate samples.
Examining the Relationship Between Physical Activity Intensity and Adiposity in Young Women.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between intensity of physical activity (PA) and body composition in 343 young women. Methods: Physical activity was objectively measured using accelerometers worn for 7 days in women 17 to 25 years. Body composition was assessed using the BOD POD. Results: Young women who spent less than 30 minutes a week performing vigorous PA had significantly higher body fat percentages than women who performed more than 30 minutes of vigorous PA per week (F = 4.54, P = .0113). Young women who spent less than 30 minutes per day in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) had significantly higher body fat percentages than those who obtained more than 30 minutes per day of MVPA (F = 7.47, P = .0066). Accumulating more than 90 minutes of MVPA per day was associated with the lowest percent body fat. For every 10 minutes spent in MVPA per day, the odds of having a body fat percentage above 32% decreased by 29% (P = .0002). Conclusion: Vigorous PA and MVPA are associ...
Identification of a Novel Drosophila Opsin Reveals Specific Patterning of the R7 and R8 Photoreceptor Cells

Abstract The function of the compound eye is dependent upon a developmental program that specifies different cell fates and directs the expression of spectrally distinct opsins in different photoreceptor cells. Rh5 is a novel Drosophila opsin gene that encodes a biologically active visual pigment that is expressed in a subset of R8 photoreceptor cells. Rh5 expression in the R8 cell of an individual ommatidium is strictly coordinated with the expression of Rh3, in the overlying R7 cell. In sevenless mutant flies, which lack R7 photoreceptor cells, the expression of the Rh5 protein in R8 cells is disrupted, providing evidence for a specific developmental signal between the R7 and R8 cells that is responsible for the paired expression of opsin genes.
Radar, visual and thermal characteristics of Mars: Rough planar surfaces

High-resolution Viking Orbiter images contain significant information on Martian surface roughness at 25- to 100-m lateral scales, while earth-based radar observations of Mars are sensitive to roughness at lateral scales of 1 to 30 m or more. High-rms slopes predicted for the Tharsis-Memnonia-Amazonis volcanic plains from extremely weak radar returns are qualitatively confirmed by the Viking image data. Large-scale, curvilinear ridges on lava flows in the Memnonia Fossae region are interpreted as innate flow morphology caused by compressional foldover of moving lava sheets of possible rhyolite-dacite composition. The presence or absence of a recent mantle of fine-grained eolian material on the volcanic surfaces studied was determined by the visibility of fresh impact craters with diameters less than 50 m. Lava flows with surfaces modified by eolian erosion and deposition occur west-northwest of Apollinaris Patera at the border of the cratered equatorial uplands and southern Elysium Planitia. Nearby yardangs, for which radar observations indicate very high-rms slopes, are similar to terrestrial features of similar origin.
Braided monoidal 2-categories and Manin-Schechtman higher braid groups

Abstract We study a certain coherence problem for braided monoidal 2-categories. For ordinary braided monoidal categories such a problem is well known to lead to braid groups: If we denote by T(n) the pure braid group on n strands then this group acts naturally on each product A1 ⊗ · ⊗ An. It turns out that in the 2-categorical case we have to consider the so-called higher braid group T(2,n) introduced by Manin and Schechtman. The main result is that T(2,n) naturally acts by 2-automorphisms on the canonical 1-morphism A1 ⊗ · ⊗ An → An⊗ · ⊗ A1 for any objects A1,…, An.
A QUASI-ISOMETRY INVARIANT LOOP SHORTENING PROPERTY FOR GROUPS

We first introduce a loop shortening property for metric spaces, generalizing the property considered by M. Elder on Cayley graphs of finitely generated groups. Then using this metric property, we ...
Complex energies in relativistic quantum theory

A new four-component spin-1/2 wave equation for ordinary mass is discussed. It is shown that this equation has a conserved current not easily identified with a transition probability, only pure imaginary energy states, and is covariant. A tachyon-like Klein-Gordon equation is satisfied by this equation, but rest states are explicitly constructed.