cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial representation in the normal visual field: a study of hemifield line bisection.

Abstract We examined bisection of lines viewed in only one hemifield by normal subjects. Subjects first performed a traditional version of line bisection, by indicating the perceived midpoint of a line on paper with a penmark. Bisection was accurate when they were allowed to shift their gaze over the stimulus, but it was biased towards the central visual field (centripetally) when gaze was fixed so that the line was seen in only one hemifield. In a second experiment, lines with transectors at various locations were presented briefly on a screen and subjects had to indicate on which side of the perceived midpoint the transector was located. A centripetal bias was still found, indicating that it has a perceptual origin. The interaction between bias and effects of tangent line presentation suggested that subjects were performing an angle bisection rather than a line bisection. Also, there was bias in not only right and left hemifields but also upper and lower hemifields. In a third experiment, increasing the width of the stimulus bars peripherally did not eliminate this bias. Bias was size-invariant along the horizontal meridian. This spatial version of Webers law was modeled by a magnification function using an exponential equation. The slope of this function is much shallower than those currently known for V1, V4 and V5. We conclude that a centripetal bias exists for hemifield line bisection and that this bias likely contributes to the contralateral bias of line bisection by hemianopic patients found in other studies.
Structural Characterization of Sulfated Steroids That Activate Mouse Pheromone-Sensing Neurons

In many species, social behavior is organized via chemical signaling. While many of these signals have been identified for insects, the chemical identity of these social cues (often called pheromones) for mammals is largely unknown. We recently isolated these chemical cues that caused firing in the pheromone-sensing neurons of the vomeronasal organ from female mouse urine [Nodari, F., et al. (2008) J. Neurosci. 28, 6407−6418]. Here, we report their structural characterization. Mass spectrometric approaches, including tandem quadrupole, multiple-stage linear ion trap, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and H−D exchange followed by ESI mass spectrometry, along with 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, including two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, total correlation spectroscopy, heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence, and NOE, were used to identify two sulfated steroids, 4-pregnene-11β,20,21-triol-3-one 21-sulfate (I) (the configuration at C20 was not deduced) and 4-pregnene-11β,21-dio...
Technological Innovations in Aquaculture

Abstract Technology in aquaculture has expanded at a phenomenal rate during the last 50 to 100 years. Based on both this past progress and the present technological advances being made in our society, it is reasonable to expect aquaculturists to profit from the rapid technological advances being made in both hardware and biological systems. These advances will result as spinoffs from medicine, from analytical chemistry, and most importantly, from the evolution of new consumer products such as auto-focus cameras, electronic watches, and microprocessor-monitored automobiles. We can expect to use economical, reliable instrumentation capable of environmental monitoring for predictive purposes and instrumentation that will contain alarm and control circuits. Genetic engineering will result in biological organisms that produce hormones, drugs, and other biological materials as well as detoxify pollutants on demand. When we as aquaculturists identify the need for a product, that product will be developed.
The mechanical properties of thin films: A review

Abstract Methods for the determination of thin film mechanical properties will be reviewed with an emphasis on their strengths and liabilities. Seminal investigations are highlighted which have significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of thin film deformation. New developments in thin film mechanical property testing, as embodied in ultramicrohardness measurements, are covered and the significant improvements in thin film mechanical properties brought about by layered microstructures are discussed.
Analysis of glycosphingolipids by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis using ceramide glycanase from Mercenaria mercenaria.

Abstract Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of fluorophore-labeled saccharides is a simple and sensitive separation method for glycan analysis. This method requires an aldehydic reducing carbon on the saccharide in order to react with the amine group of the fluorophore (8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid or 2-aminoacridone). We have used exoglycosidase-free ceramide glycanase from hard-shelled clam to expose the reducing terminal of the glycan in glycosphingolipid by cleaving the linkage between the glycan and the ceramide. The released glycan was used for fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis, in order to qualitatively determine its monosaccharide composition, chain length, and glycosidic linkages using linkage-specific glycosidases, including a β1-3,4 galactosidase from clam.
Experimental determination of torsion angles in the polypeptide backbone of the gramicidin A channel by solid state nuclear magnetic resonance.

Abstract An analytical method for the determination of torsion angles from solid state 15 N nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopic data is demonstrated. Advantage is taken of the 15 N 1 H and 15 N 13 C dipolar interactions as well as the 15 N chemical shift interaction in oriented samples. The membrane-bound channel conformation of gramicidin A has eluded an atomic resolution structure determination by more traditional approaches. Here, the torsion angles for the Ala3 site are determined by obtaining the n.m.r. data for both the Gly2-Ala3 and Ala3-Leu4 peptide linkages. Complete utilization of the orientational constraints derived from these orientation-dependent nuclear spin interactions in restricting the conformational space is most effectively achieved by utilizing spherical trigonometry. Two possible sets of torsion angles for the Ala3 site are obtained (φ, ψ = −129 °, 153 ° and −129 °, 122 °), both of which are consistent with a right-handed β-helix. Other functional and computational evidence strongly supports the set for which the carbonyl oxygen atom of the Ala3-Leu4 linkage is rotated into the channel lumen.
A single locus mass-action model of assortative mating, with comments on the process of speciation

A single locus mass-action model of assortative mating, with comments on the process of speciation
Introducing co-activation pattern metrics to quantify spontaneous brain network dynamics

Recently, fMRI researchers have begun to realize that the brain's intrinsic network patterns may undergo substantial changes during a single resting state (RS) scan. However, despite the growing interest in brain dynamics, metrics that can quantify the variability of network patterns are still quite limited. Here, we first introduce various quantification metrics based on the extension of co-activation pattern (CAP) analysis, a recently proposed point-process analysis that tracks state alternations at each individual time frame and relies on very few assumptions; then apply these proposed metrics to quantify changes of brain dynamics during a sustained 2-back working memory (WM) task compared to rest. We focus on the functional connectivity of two prominent RS networks, the default-mode network (DMN) and executive control network (ECN). We first demonstrate less variability of global Pearson correlations with respect to the two chosen networks using a sliding-window approach during WM task compared to rest; then we show that the macroscopic decrease in variations in correlations during a WM task is also well characterized by the combined effect of a reduced number of dominant CAPs, increased spatial consistency across CAPs, and increased fractional contributions of a few dominant CAPs. These CAP metrics may provide alternative and more straightforward quantitative means of characterizing brain network dynamics than time-windowed correlation analyses.
Limitation of Critical Current Density by Intermetallic Formation in Fine Filament Nb-Ti Superconductors

Two experiments have been performed to investigate the role that the intermetallic reaction between the copper matrix and the Nb-Ti filaments plays in limiting the critical current density (Jc) of Nb 46.5 wt% Ti composites. The first experiment involved composites which were industrially extruded. It was found that as the number of heat treatments increased, the Jc declined, the resistive transition broadened and the filaments sausaged. The filament sausaging was initiated by intermetallic particles at the filament matrix interface. A series of many heat treatment procedures were then applied to composites fabricated in our own laboratories without extrusion. Very high Jc values were obtained at filament sizes of 20 ?m. When the same heat treatment procedures were applied to 4 - 5 ?m conductors, extensive sausaging and degraded Jc values resulted. This degradation was also found to be due to the formation of Cu-Nb-Ti intermetallic compounds. It is concluded that a reliable filament diffusion barrier technology is necessary to permit full flexibility in the heat treatment of 2 - 5 ?m filament Nb-Ti composites.
The Continuous Absorption of Oxygen Between 1750 and 1300A and Its Bearing Upon the Dispersion

In connection with recent measurements of the dispersion of oxygen down to 1920A, the continuous absorption of oxygen between 1750 and 1300A has been investigated quantitatively with a small fluorite spectrograph by the photographic-photometric method. The results are given in a graph, which shows that the absorption co-efficient $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ as function of the wave number $\ensuremath{\nu}$ has a relatively sharp maximum at 6.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ($\ensuremath{\lambda}=1450\mathrm{A}$) and falls off rather symmetrically on both sides. The maximum absorption coefficient reduced to N.P.T. is about 490 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The absorption in this region of the spectrum is so strong that during a few minutes exposure a great part of the oxygen disappears, being dissociated and probably absorbed by the metal walls of the tube. By integration of the absorption curve one gets the corresponding $f$-value according to the equation $\ensuremath{\int}\ensuremath{\alpha}(\ensuremath{\nu})d\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}\mathrm{Nf}{e}^{2}}{m{c}^{2}}=(2.38\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7})f$. The $f$-value calculated from this expression is 0.193 compared with 0.202 calculated from the dispersion measurements. The corresponding resonance wave-length from the dispersion measurements is 1468 in fairly good agreement with the observed position of the maximum of absorption. A dispersion formula which takes into account the distribution of absorption in a continuous band is given, and is applied to the dispersion of oxygen.
An Evolving Model of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Functional Identity

Easily accessed via venipuncture, blood has been an object of study for centuries. Direct sampling of the hematopoietic tissues in the bone marrow also presents a rather low bar for biopsy acquisition from living donors, especially when compared to other systems in the body such as the heart or brain. This relatively straight-forward ability to obtain cells from the primary anatomical locations of blood cell genesis and differentiation combines with a reliable transplantation assay and well-described surface markers to make the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) the best understood of all tissue stem cells. HSC biology has been extensively though incompletely investigated over the years. The field continually refreshes itself as new findings require us to reevaluate our understanding of hematopoiesis. After providing a brief overview of the hematopoietic system in general, this review will touch on recent findings in three areas: (1) the niche, (2) HSC migration, and (3) challenges to the “classical” model of hematopoietic ontogeny.
SRT1720 Induces Lysosomal-Dependent Cell Death of Breast Cancer Cells

SRT1720 is an activator of SIRT1, a NAD+ dependent protein and histone deacetylase that plays an important role in numerous biological processes. Several studies have illustrated that SRT1720 treatment could improve metabolic conditions in mouse models and a study in cancer where SRT1720 caused increased apoptosis of myeloma cells. However, the effect of SRT1720 on cancer may be complex, as some recent studies have demonstrated that SRT1720 may not directly activate SIRT1 and another study showed that SRT1720 treatment could promote lung metastasis. To further investigate the role of SRT1720 in breast cancer, we treated SIRT1 knockdown and control breast cancer cell lines with SRT1720 both in vitro and in vivo. We showed that SRT1720 more effectively decreased the viability of basal type MDA-MB-231 and BT20 cells as compared to luminal type MCF-7 breast cancer cells or non-tumorigenic MCF-10A cells. We demonstrated that SRT1720 induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and necrosis, which could be blocked by lysosomal inhibitors. In contrast, SRT1720-induced cell death occurred in vitro irrespective of SIRT1 status, whereas in nude mice, SRT1720 exhibited a more profound effect in inhibiting the growth of allograft tumors of SIRT1 proficient cells as compared to tumors of SIRT1 deficient cells. Thus, SRT1720 causes lysosomal-dependent necrosis and may be used as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment.
VI.—Woodwardian Museum Notes: on some Anglesey Dykes. No. III

In the first paper of this series were described several dykes from the shores of the Menai Straits, belonging apparently to one system of intrusions, and some of them cutting Carboniferous strata. Their precise age, however, can be fixed only on the supposition that they may fairly be correlated with certain post-Carboniferous but pre-Permian dykes in the Anglesey Coal-field. These latter rocks have a strong general resemblance to the Menai Straits dykes, and as they are by no means easily accessible, they will not be described in detail. Only one will be selected, as offering a rather pronounced type: the specimen is from the Henslow collection.
Free-space optical multi-subcarrier communication employing power-efficient constellations

Multi-subcarrier modulation (MSM), known as a popular free-space optical (FSO) modulation technique, is preferred over the on-off keying (OOK) that typically requires an adaptive threshold and the pulse position modulation (PPM) that relies on accurate synchronisation. MSM is, however, criticized for its low power efficiency, and we thus focus on a power-efficient constellation design to increase its power efficiency with convex optimization tools. Our scheme, termed MSM-JDCM (joint DC and subcarrier modulation), takes advantage of the compactness of sphere packings in a high dimensional space and treats the DC-bias as part of the information basis. Our scheme is shown to greatly outperform previous schemes for most working SNRs with a small number of subcarriers, and the gain is expected to grow with the number of subcarriers. This paper focus on fading channel.
Predictable and configurable component-based scheduling in the Composite OS

This article presents the design of user-level scheduling hierarchies in the Composite component-based system. The motivation for this is centered around the design of a system that is both dependable and predictable, and which is configurable to the needs of specific applications. Untrusted application developers can safely develop services and policies, that are isolated in protection domains outside the kernel. To ensure predictability, Composite enforces timing control over user-space services. Moreover, it must provide a means by which asynchronous events, such as interrupts, are handled in a timely manner without jeopardizing the system. Towards this end, we describe the features of Composite that allow user-defined scheduling policies to be composed for the purposes of combined interrupt and task management. A significant challenge arises from the need to synchronize access to shared data structures (e.g., scheduling queues), without allowing untrusted code to disable interrupts. Additionally, efficient upcall mechanisms are needed to deliver asynchronous event notifications in accordance with policy-specific priorities, without undue recourse to schedulers. We show how these issues are addressed in Composite, by comparing several hierarchies of scheduling polices, to manage both tasks and the interrupts on which they depend. Studies show how it is possible to implement guaranteed differentiated services as part of the handling of I/O requests from a network device while diminishing livelock. Microbenchmarks indicate that the costs of implementing and invoking user-level schedulers in Composite are on par with, or less than, those in other systems, with thread switches more than twice as fast as in Linux.
Resonant electronic states in disordered systems.

Long-lived quasilocalized (resonant) electronic states are predicted to lie above the mobility edge of a disordered system. A modification of the optimum fluctuation method is developed to estimate the density of such states. It is shown that the density of states tails exponentially with energy above the mobility edge and that this tail is almost symmetric to the tail of localized states with respect to the mobility edge. Possible manifestations of the predicted states are discussed.
Evaluation of Perfluorinated Polyalkylether Grease Rheology on Disk Drive Bearing Performance

A matrix of specially formulated greases composed of perfluorinated polyalkylether (PFPE) oil and telomers of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particulate thickener were tested. The PFPE greases were chosen for this evaluation because their oils have a very low vapor pressure and they will not volatilize in the disk drive. Base oil viscosity, PTFE particle size and percentage of oil content were varied. The rheological properties of complex viscosity, storage and loss moduli, and loss factor were measured. Percent oil was determined using thermal gravimetric analysis. The thickener’s PTFE particle sizes were measured and their shapes were imaged using scanning electron microscopy. Bearing low speed torque and bearing noise tests were performed to evaluate the effect of the grease on bearing performance. The head settle track misregistration (TMR) was measured on disk drives to measure the effect of bearing lubrication on the servo performance. Generally, greases with high base oil viscosity had the lowest complex viscosity. Greases with highest viscosity PFPE oils had the highest torque and lowest noise. Greases with large PTFE particles had high loss factors and exhibited high torque and noise levels. High PTFE thickener to PFPE oil ratio (thicker grease) causes the bearings to have fluctuations in torque and noise levels. Actuator bearings lubricated with greases having higher viscosity oil had lower head settle TMR.
Detection and Characterization of an Elm Yellows (16SrV) Group Phytoplasma Infecting Virginia Creeper Plants in Southern Florida.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) employing phytoplasma-specific ribosomal RNA primer pair P1/P7 consistently amplified a product of expected size (1.8 kb) from 29 of 36 symptom-less Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) plants growing in southern Florida. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of P1/P7-primed PCR products indicated that most phytoplasmas detected in Virginia creeper were similar to phytoplasmas composing the elm yellows (16SrV) group. This relationship was verified by reamplification of P1/P7 products using an elm yellows (EY) group-specific rRNA primer pair fB1/rULWS1. rDNA products (1,571 bp) were generated by group-specific PCR from 28 phytoplasma-positive plants and 1 negatively testing plant identified by earlier P1/P7-primed PCR. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences determined the Virginia creeper (VC) phytoplasma to be phylogenetically closest to the European alder yellows (ALY) agent, an established 16SrV-C subgroup strain. However, presence or absence of restriction sites for endonucleases AluI, BfaI, MspI, RsaI, and TaqI in the 16S rRNA and 16-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region of the VC phytoplasma collectively differentiated this strain from ALY and other 16SrV group phytoplasmas. Failure to detect the VC phytoplasma by PCR employing nonribosomal primer pair FD9f/FD9r suggests that this newly characterized agent varies from known European grapevine yellows (flavescence doree) phyto-plasmas previously classified as 16SrV subgroup C or D strains.
Finding passion in work: Media, passion and career guides

Examining career guides, this essay seeks to understand how the notion of passionate work is presently framed as an injunction, a commonsensical good thing we should aspire to find. How does the discourse of passion respond to labor conditions after the crisis, and what are among the possibilities it forecloses? This essay contains three overtures. First, I analyze how career guides change the pain of job loss to a space of empowerment. Directing readers to the optimistic proposal that their work can be better, career guides advise that the negative effect of the present needs only to be endured by the private individual so that a better future can be produced. Second, I consider what meanings passion produced by the instruments of career guides have, thinking about its relationship to neoliberal subjectivity. Last, I examine career guides that provide a counter-discourse of passion, looking into the values it cultivates in readers.
Threshold states in 26Al: (II). Extraction of resonance strengths

Abstract The total width of the Ec.m. = 376 keV resonance in the 25Mg + p system has been measured using the 25Mg(p, γ)26Al reaction and is found to be 460 ± 70 eV. From this information, a resonance strength ωγ = 5.7 × 10−16 eV is obtained for the astrophysically important 37.2 keV resonance in 26Al through an R-matrix parameterization of the relative energy dependence of the resonance width. In a similar manner, an upper limit ωγ ≦ 10 × 10−11 eV is deduced for a possible resonance at Ec.m. = 94.0 keV.
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN.

Abstract : The transport properties of hydrogen are calculated for a pressure range from 10 to the minus 6th power (atm) to 100 (atm), and at temperatures up to 10 to the 6th power (K). The lower temperature limit is taken where the equilibrium gas mixture contains less than 1% molecular hydrogen. The Boltzmann formalism, which assumes binary collisions in the expressions for the transport properties of gas mixtures, is applied. Theoretical values, supported by experimental data whenever possible are used for the atom-atom, atom-ion, and atomelectron collision cross sections. For Coulomb force interactions between charged particles, the Debye length is used as cutoff distance. The collision integrals for all interactions are computed. Values of viscosity, thermal, and electrical transport coefficients, as well as the thermoelectric coefficients are calculated. (Author)
Policy, Reconfigured: Critical Policy Studies And The (False) Beneficence Of Subjects

In this brief essay, I outline a core concern of educational policy research that often is left unattended – the hidden benefits of policy. I then share a host of studies that have taken a critical stance toward policy research, strategically engaging the masked, unacknowledged, and latent ideological consequences of policy texts. These studies help illustrate ways that educational policy has become a normative social practice for securing the status-quo and perpetuating dominant ideological discourses. I conclude by offering thoughts toward a reconfiguration of policy that encourages a compassionate, reflexive, living interrogation of how discourse begets material reality.
Debating the transatlantic relationship: rhetoric and reality

The rhetoric surrounding the crisis in transatlantic relations is overcharged. Although the United States and Europe have reached a turning point, the changes that they need to make are neither fundamental nor controversial. No matter how you polarize the debate, the solution combines more flexibility and more cooperation. Moreover, this solution has been known for some time. Hence the real questions to consider are not about how this crisis came about, but why it persists. At least part of the answer lies in the structure of interdependence. Although both sides in the Atlantic alliance have an interest in flexible cooperation, the United States is much more central to the countries of Europe than ‘Europe’ is to the United States. Because of this asymmetry, a crisis that started from real misunderstanding has been extended as Americans appear neglectful and Europeans oversensitive. Part of the answer also lies in our expectations of the relationship. Some observers suggest that the crisis will only end when both sides realize that it is time to grow up. Perhaps they already have.
Effect of mode II fatigue loading on mode I fatigue growth

Abstract Interim Mode II fatigue loading after Mode I precracking enhanced subsequent Mode I fatigue crack growth. Microscopic examination showed microcracking in the plastic zone. Through this microcrack zone the crack resistance was reduced.
Control Performance Comparison between a Type-2 Fuzzy Controller and a Comparable Conventional Mamdani Fuzzy Controller

Control performance comparison between a type-1 fuzzy controller (Tl-FC) and a comparable type-2 fuzzy controller (T2-FC) was carried out using computer simulation. Our objective was to study whether T2 fuzzy control always had a control performance advantage over its Tl counterpart as claimed in some simulation-based reports. We used a genetic algorithm to optimize the Tl-FC and the T2-FCs that control process models of three different types (i.e., linear, linear with a time-delay, and nonlinear). Controllers' robustness against model parameter variation and capabilities of dealing with random noise were compared as well. The simulation results show that different settings result in different comparison outcomes: (1) the Tl-FC and the T2-FC performed (almost) identically, and (2) the T2-FC outperformed its Tl counterpart, and (3) the T1-FC was superior. These results are theoretically sensible because from the controllers' input-output mapping standpoint, their ability to produce continuous nonlinear control functions should be similar and no inherent advantage likely exists. Thus, one controller can appear to be better than, worse than, or equal to its counterpart depending on the specific configuration of the whole control system. Consequently, no one should claim that T2 fuzzy control is generally better than T1 fuzzy control.
Alcian blue and colloidal iron staining methods adapted to filter paper electrophoresis.

Filter paper moistened with solutions used in electro-chromatography was spotted with 0.5-1.0μl of solutions of mucopolysaccharides and allowed to air dry. Substances tested with respect to their staining reaction were as follows: (a) From commercial sources: hyaluronic acid, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, ovomucoid and gastric mucin, (b) From natural sources: blood serum, saliva, tears, vitreous filtrate and aqueous humor. Alcian blue was found to be a good general stain for mucopolysaccharides and for locating such material on filter paper, especially when more specific means were used subsequently for identifying the kind of mucopolysaccharide present. Staining by colloidal iron of materials on filter paper was similar to that by the periodic acid-Schiff reaction. However, heparin and chondroitin sulfate were not stained by iron when on filter paper but were stained when placed on glass slides.
Simple approximation algorithms and PTASs for various problems in wireless ad hoc networks

A wireless ad hoc network is often composed of a set V of n wireless devices distributed in a two-dimensional domain. For each wireless device (also called node) [email protected]?V, there is a transmission region within which signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) is at least a threshold @c so that the signal transmitted by u can be correctly received by other nodes with high probability. The transmission region is often modeled as a disk centered at the node u. In addition, for each node u, there is an interference region within which the transmission from u makes the signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR) of the legitimate receiver smaller than the threshold @c so that the legitimate receiver cannot correctly receive the message from the legitimate transmitter. In this paper, we first present new graph models to model the communication graphs and the interference graphs defined by wireless ad hoc networks with attention to interference-free channel assignment or scheduling. Then we propose some simple approximation algorithms and/or PTASs (polynomial time approximation scheme) to approximate several classical graph problems such as maximum independent set, minimum vertex cover and minimum vertex coloring in these graph models. In addition, we also discuss various possible applications for these simple approximation algorithms and/or PTASs in wireless ad hoc networks.
An Area and Power Efficient Radiation Hardened by Design Flip-Flop

A radiation hardened by design flip-flop with high single event effect immunity is described. Circuit size and power are reduced by a combination of proven SEE hard techniques, i.e., a temporal latch master and DICE slave are used. Two shift register chains each comprised of 1920 flip-flops have been implemented in the IBM 0.13 mum bulk CMOS process. Measured SEE immunity in accelerated heavy ion testing, and power results are described. A threshold LET over 45 LET (MeV-cm2 /mg) at VDD=1.5 V is demonstrated. High layout density and the likely high LET failure mechanisms are described
Designing effective writing-for-translation intranet sites

A writing-for-translation intranet site can provide technical writers with the information and training needed to meet their particular goals at any given time. By using systems theory as a design concept, such a site would make information easy to find and could allow technical writers to review training materials at their own pace. Organizations using such a mechanism can, in turn, cut translation costs by reducing the amount of time translators spend reviewing documents and querying authors for clarification.
Opportunities and challenges of modern communication architectures: case study with QsNet

Summary form only given. We describe our efforts to scale message driven applications to a large number of processors on an Alpha cluster interconnected by QsNet. The clustering technology QsNet has a network interface with a communication coprocessor. The presence of the coprocessor minimizes main processor participation in message passing. We show the advantages of the communication coprocessor for message driven applications. To scale fine-grained message driven applications to a large number of processors we had to overcome several hardware, software and operating system hindrances. We describe them in detail and present solutions for them. We use NAMD, a molecular dynamics program, as a case study for many of our performance optimizations.
Fault-isolation in portable electronics subjected to drop and shock

In this paper, a new technique has been developed for health monitoring and failure mode classification based on measured damage pre-cursors. A feature extraction technique in the joint-time frequency domain has been developed along with pattern classifiers for fault diagnosis of electronics at product-level. The Karhunen Loeve transform (KLT) has been used for feature reduction and de-correlation of the feature vectors for fault mode classification in electronic assemblies. Euclidean, and Mahalanobis, and Bayesian distance classifiers based on joint-time frequency analysis, have been used for classification of the resulting feature space. In this paper, various fault modes such as solder inter-connect failure, inter-connect missing, chip delamination chip cracking etc in various packaging architectures have been classified using clustering of feature vectors based on the KLT approach. The clustered damage pre-cursors have been correlated with underlying damage. Several chip-scale packages have been studied, with leadfree second-level interconnects including SAC105, SAC305 alloys. Transient strain has been measured during the drop-event using digital image correlation and high-speed cameras operating at 100,000 fps. Continuity has been monitored simultaneously for failure identification. Fault-mode classification has been done using KLT and joint-time- frequency analysis of the experimental data. In addition, explicit finite element models have been developed and various kinds of failure modes have been simulated such as solder ball cracking, trace fracture, package falloff and solder ball failure. Models using cohesive elements present at the solder joint-copper pad interface at both the PCB and package side have also been created to study the traction-separation behavior of solder. Fault modes predicted by simulation based pre-cursors have been correlated with those from experimental data.
Glycerol Utilization by Facilitated Diffusion Coupled to Phosphorylation in Bacteria

Escherichia coli and probably most other bacteria entrap glycerol by the tandem action of a cytoplasmic membrane protein which catalyzes facilitated diffusion and an ATP-dependent kinase subject to feedback inhibition. The facilitator protein behaves as though it provides an aqueous channel with an effective pore diameter of about 0.4 nm. The kinase is also not highly specific, since, in addition to glycerol, the enzyme can phosphorylate dihydroxyacetone and Lglyceraldehye. Under physiological conditions, however, the two proteins appear to function as a complex, and together they impose a more stringent substrate specificity.
Design of good low-rate coding schemes for ISI channels based on spectral shaping

This paper proposes two low-complexity coding schemes for intersymbol interference (ISI) channels that perform close to the channel capacity. The first scheme is a serial concatenation of an outer code and a spectral shaping inner code. The second scheme is a parallel concatenation of two component trellis codes that are designed to be spectrally matched to the channel. Analysis using extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) functions and bit-error-rate (BER) simulations shows that both schemes surpass the independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) channel capacity and outperform other existing schemes.
Mechanisches Verhalten Plastischer Tragwerke

Als besonders einfaches Beispiel eines elastisch-plastischen Tragwerks behandeln wir das in Abbildung 13a dargestellte einfach-statisch unbestimmte Fachwerk, das aus elastisch-plastischen Staben bestehen soll. Als Belastungen lassen wir nur positive oder negative Vielfache der in Abbildung 13a angegebenen Lastengruppe zu, so dass alle zu betrachtenden Belastungszustande eine ein-parametrige Schar bilden.
Exercise Physiology (1918–1944)

In 1918 little was known about the supply of energy to working muscles and nothing was known about the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in muscle contraction. Neither was it known that the partial breakdown of sugars (glycolysis) can release energy when oxygen is lacking (via the formation of ATP). While studying oxygen uptake during exercise, Krogh and Lindhard came to wonder about the source of energy for muscular work. At the time, there were two schools of thought. In Germany, Nathan Zuntz and his students had found that muscles can utilize and convert into mechanical work a constant fraction of the energy liberated by combustion from any available substance—provided the substance can be oxidized in the body.1 In contrast, the Cambridge school, represented by Walter M. Fletcher, Frederick G. Hopkins, Archibald V. Hill, and others, suggested that muscular contraction depended on the splitting of a definite molecule (unknown but closely allied to carbohydrate), resulting in the formation of lactic acid.2 If the Cambridge school were correct, it seemed inconceivable to Krogh that substances such as fat could be utilized by the muscles without a chemical transformation involving the loss of energy.
Multi-Tier Targeting of Social Assistance

Albania provides a small amount of social assistance to nearly 20 percent of its population through a system that allows some community discretion in determining distribution. This study investigat...
Prickle1 mutation causes planar cell polarity and directional cell migration defects associated with cardiac outflow tract anomalies and other structural birth defects

Planar cell polarity (PCP) is controlled by a conserved pathway that regulates directional cell behavior. Here, we show that mutant mice harboring a newly described mutation termed Beetlejuice (Bj) in Prickle1 (Pk1), a PCP component, exhibit developmental phenotypes involving cell polarity defects, including skeletal, cochlear and congenital cardiac anomalies. Bj mutants die neonatally with cardiac outflow tract (OFT) malalignment. This is associated with OFT shortening due to loss of polarized cell orientation and failure of second heart field cell intercalation mediating OFT lengthening. OFT myocardialization was disrupted with cardiomyocytes failing to align with the direction of cell invasion into the outflow cushions. The expression of genes mediating Wnt signaling was altered. Also noted were shortened but widened bile ducts and disruption in canonical Wnt signaling. Using an in vitro wound closure assay, we showed Bj mutant fibroblasts cannot establish polarized cell morphology or engage in directional cell migration, and their actin cytoskeleton failed to align with the direction of wound closure. Unexpectedly, Pk1 mutants exhibited primary and motile cilia defects. Given Bj mutant phenotypes are reminiscent of ciliopathies, these findings suggest Pk1 may also regulate ciliogenesis. Together these findings show Pk1 plays an essential role in regulating cell polarity and directional cell migration during development.
Do Sexually Oriented Massage Parlors Cluster in Specific Neighborhoods? A Spatial Analysis of Indoor Sex Work in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California.

Objective.Social determinants of health may be substantially affected by spatial factors, which together may explain the persistence of health inequities. Clustering of possible sources of negative...
A Psychological Success Cycle And Goal Setting: Goals, Performance, And Attitudes

Based upon a model of the causes and effects of psychological success, the following series of relationships was predicted for participants in a simulated management exercise: goals → efforts → per...
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ruthenium and Osmium Films from Mono- and bis-(Cyclopentadienyl) Complexes as Precursors

We have investigated cyclopentadienyl (Cp) complexes of Ru and Os as precursors for low temperature CVD of pure ruthenium and osmium films. Films were grown on a variety of substrates in a warm-walled CVD reactor, equipped with a resistively heated wafer chuck, mass- flow controllers for carrier gas regulation, and a mechanically-backed oil-vapor diffusion pump. Typical depositions were done under ca. 1 Torr total pressure. Use of air or oxygen as a carrier gas and Cp2M (M = Ru or Os) as precursors gave high purity, conformai films of ruthenium and osmium at temperatures as low as 275°C and 350°C, respectively. Under these conditions, the only observable by-products were CO2 and H2O, indicating that surface-catalyzed, complete oxidation of the ligands was involved in the decomposition process. Growth rates, film purities, resistivities and conformality were measured.
Blood pressure interacts with APOE ε4 to predict memory performance in a midlife sample.

OBJECTIVE Elevated blood pressure and the Apolipoprotein e4 allele (APOE e4) are independent risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. We sought to determine whether the combined presence of the APOE e4 allele and elevated blood pressure is associated with lower cognitive performance in cognitively healthy middle-aged adults. METHODS A total of 975 participants aged 30-54 (mean age = 44.47) were genotyped for APOE. Cardiometabolic risk factors including blood pressure, lipids, and glucose were assessed and cognitive function was measured using the Trail Making Test and the Visual Reproduction and Logical Memory subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale. RESULTS Multivariable regression analysis showed that the association between APOE e4 and episodic memory performance varied as a function of systolic blood pressure (SBP), such that elevated SBP was predictive of poorer episodic memory performance only in APOE e4 carriers (β = -.092; t = -2.614; p = .009). Notably, this association was apparent at prehypertensive levels (≥130 mmHg), even after adjusting for physical activity, depression, smoking, and other cardiometabolic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The joint presence of APOE e4 and elevated SBP, even at prehypertensive levels, is associated with lower cognitive performance in healthy, middle-aged adults. Results of this study suggest that the combination of APOE e4 and elevated SBP may synergistically compromise memory function well before the appearance of clinically significant impairments. Interventions targeting blood pressure control in APOE e4 carriers during midlife should be studied as a possible means to reduce the risk of cognitive decline in genetically susceptible samples.
Aminotroponate/Aminotroponiminate Zinc Complexes Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Catalysts for Intramolecular Hydroamination of Non-Activated Alkenes with Varied Steric and Electronic Properties

Various aminotroponiminate-/aminotroponate-zinc complexes functionalized mesoporous silica catalysts were synthesized. These included [N-propyl-2-(propylamino)troponiminato] zinc methyl (ZnDPRT), [...
Simultaneous Orbit and Atmospheric Density Estimation for a Satellite Constellation

A method is defined for simultaneous atmospheric density calibration and satellite orbit determination for a satellite constellation, and a linearized observability analysis is performed to evaluate the feasibility of the approach. Such an estimation scheme will provide data-based estimates of upper atmosphere density that improve on existing models, e.g. the Jacchia models, along with enhanced accuracy of the associated satellites’ orbits. A new spline-based atmospheric density parameterization is developed that meshes well with the structure of the orbit determination problem and can be initialized so as to match the outputs of a traditional model. While conceptually similar to previous atmospheric calibration efforts, the proposed constellation approach restricts its global density estimates to the relevant satellite altitude range and thus reduces the complexity of the estimation problem. Measurements include dual-one-way-ranging between pairs of adjacent satellites in the same orbital plane, and carrier phase and pseudorange measurements between ground stations and satellites. Equations for a linearized observability analysis are derived and shown to be equivalent to the covariance calculations of an extended square-root information filter. In addition to the system observability evaluation, the impact of incorporating some a priori density information is explored. The results show that atmospheric density can be observed, but a reasonable amount of a priori information is necessary to obtain useful estimates. Degree of observability depends on the constellation configuration and dynamic model parameter values.
Granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease as the first manifestation of common variable immunodeficiency

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the most common primary immunodeficiencies, which is characterized by reduced serum immunoglobulin levels and B-lymphocyte dysfunction. There are many clinical manifestations of this disease, the most common of which are recurrent respiratory tract infections. Among the most recently recognized autoimmune manifestation of CVID is a disease described as granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD), where CVID coexists with a small airway lymphoproliferative disorder, mimicking follicular bronchiolitis, or lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) on histology specimens. We herein describe the clinical and radiological features of GLILD in a 55-year-old woman where the diagnosis of CVID was actively pursued and eventually confirmed after her lung biopsy showed characteristic features of GLILD. The patient had dramatic response to treatment with IVIG and corticosteroids for 3 months followed by Mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance therapy.
Adverse Reactions to Clonidine in ADHD

Four cases of adverse reactions to clonidine, administered alone or with methylphenidate MPH), in children aged 8 to 10 years, are reported from the University of California, LA.
High-resolution ultrasound-aided biophotonic imaging

Optical contrast is sensitive to functional parameters, including the oxygen saturation and total concentration of hemoglobin, in biological tissues. However, due to the overwhelming scattering encountered by light in tissues, traditional optical modalities cannot provide satisfactory spatial resolution beyond the ballistic (a few hundred microns) and quasiballistic (1-2 mm) regimes. Photoacoustic tomography is based on the high optical contrast yet utilizing the high ultrasonic resolution. Our work in this emerging area of research will be summarized in this invited talk. In this technology, a diffraction-based inverse-source problem is solved in the image reconstruction, for which we developed the rigorous reconstruction theory. We implemented a prototype and accomplished noninvasive transdermal and transcranial functional imaging of small-animal brains in vivo. Change in the cerebral blood oxygenation of a rat, as a result of the alternation from hyperoxia to hypoxia, was imaged successfully.