cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reflections on Language and Social Psychology Research From ICLASP11, Tucson, Arizona

This introductory essay outlines the rationale for this special issue. It reports on the background to the International Conferences on Language and Social Psychology (ICLASPs) and establishes the importance of a special issue representing the work from ICLASP11, held in Tucson, Arizona, in the summer of 2008. After describing the keynote presentations at the conference, specific articles making up the special issue are introduced. Finally, the future of the conferences is addressed with the announcement of the location for ICLASP12 (Brisbane, Australia).
Designing for deep conversation in a scenarios-based e-learning environment

While synchronous and asynchronous applications such as chat and email effectively foster casual communication, such applications are less successful in facilitating deep, insightful conversation. This is a particular challenge when asynchronous threaded discussion forums are used in e-learning settings. This paper examines the implementation of discussion forums in the context of WisdomTools Scenarios/spl trade/, an e-learning tool which exploits case-based narrative to provide authentic contexts for asynchronous, collaborative persistent conversations. An analysis of usage from two independent scenarios, one used in an academic context and the other in a corporate context, shows that embedding forums within narrative scenes encouraged learner involvement and focused conversation. At the same time, we identify directions for improving the interaction design of these forums, including the ability for learners to join and "catch up" in ongoing conversations, tools to view summarization postings and track learner participation, and the use of social proxies. Ultimately, our goal is to understand how narrative-based e-tools may lead to deeper learner insights, smarter strategies, and better judgments.
A revision of the genus Linum in southern Africa

Fourteen native species of Linum are recognized in southern Africa, all of which belong to sect. Linopsis. Four are commonly accepted species; four were described more than a century ago but have not been recognized in recent treatments; six are newly described. Thirteen species are endemic; one ranges as far north as Angola and Tanzania. Among the new species two are heterostylous, the first described for the genus from this region. The section Linopsis ranges broadly from the Mediterranean region to southern Africa and to both North and South America. The occurrence in the Mediterranean region of species exhibiting such features as heterostyly and chromosome numbers of 2n = 18 or 20, the only diploids known in the section, seems to indicate that in that region are to be found the most primitive species of the section. The close similarity between species of southern Africa and a number of South American and North American species appears to place the southern African species in an intermediate evolutionary position with respect to the Old and New World species of the section.
Bio-inspired passive actuator simulating an abalone shell mechanism for structural control

An energy dispersion mechanism called 'sacrificial bonds and hidden length', which is found in some biological systems, such as abalone shells and bones, is the inspiration for new strategies for structural control. Sacrificial bonds and hidden length can substantially increase the stiffness and enhance energy dissipation in the constituent molecules of abalone shells and bone. Having been inspired by the usefulness and effectiveness of such a mechanism, which has evolved over millions of years and countless cycles of evolutions, the authors employ the conceptual underpinnings of this mechanism to develop a bio-inspired passive actuator. This paper presents a fundamental method for optimally designing such bio-inspired passive actuators for structural control. To optimize the bio-inspired passive actuator, a simple method utilizing the force–displacement–velocity (FDV) plots based on LQR control is proposed. A linear regression approach is adopted in this research to find the initial values of the desired parameters for the bio-inspired passive actuator. The illustrative examples, conducted by numerical simulation with experimental validation, suggest that the bio-inspired passive actuator based on sacrificial bonds and hidden length may be comparable in performance to state-of-the-art semi-active actuators.
The phoenician inscription of Azatiwada. An integrated reading

Il y a un demi siecle (1946-7), une inscription bilingue ecrite en phenicien et en louvite hieroglyphique a ete decouverte sur les fortifications de l'âge de fer a Karatepe, sur la rive occidentale de la riviere Ceyhan, dans l'anciennce region de Cilicia, la province moderne d'Adana, en Turquie. Dans cet article, l'A. rassemble les resultats de la recherche sur le phenicien et le louvite hieroglyphique, et apporte des observations structurales particulieres, afin de produire une interpretation plus adequate que ce qui a ete effectue jusqu'a present sur ce texte important
Tryptophan Synthetic Pathway and Its Regulation in Chromobacterium violaceum

Extracts of Chromobacterium violaceum catalyzed all of the reactions involved in synthesizing tryptophan from chorismic acid. Tryptophan auxotrophs which had lost any of these activities did not produce the characteristic purple pigment, violacein, when grown on a medium in which tryptophan was limiting. Gel filtration of extracts allowed us to estimate molecular weights for the tryptophan enzymes. All of the enzymes appeared to have molecular weights below 100,000. No enzymes were observed to occur in aggregates. The specific activities of the enzymes of the tryptophan pathway did not change when mutants were grown under conditions of limiting or excess tryptophan. The first enzyme in the pathway, anthranilate synthetase, was subject to feedback control by the end product, tryptophan. Tryptophan acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to glutamine, one of the substrates for anthranilate synthetase, and as a competitive inhibitor of the reaction when chorismate, the other substrate, was varied. The nonlinearity observed in the Lineweaver-Burk plot in the latter case suggests that there may be more than one chorismate-binding site on anthranilate synthetase.
Alternative structural concepts for the Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE)

The baseline toroidal field coil system of the FIRE tokamak utilizes inertially cooled, copper alloy Bitter plate type magnets which are LN/sub 2/ cooled between shots. The TF configuration is wedged and uses C17510 high strength, high conductivity beryllium copper alloy which was developed for BPX in the inner leg, where the stress is highest. In FY 01, a slightly larger design was adopted (R=2.14 m. compared to the previous 2.0 m.)which affords better physics performance with lower TF field, and thus lower TF stresses. Bucked and wedged (B&W) TF designs have also been considered. The B&W design results in lower coil stresses in the inner leg that may be used to increase field or design margin, or alternatively could allow the use of high conductivity OFHC copper which would allow longer pulse lengths. B&W designs require good fit-up, and effects of fit-up uncertainties, friction factor variations, and methods of evaluating primary load paths are presented. The effects of the size change and possible changes in structural concept are summarized.
Drug use in pregnancy: to test, to tell--legal implications for the physician.

Confidentiality underlies the physician-patient relationship. It lodges in the Hippocratic oath, codes of medical ethics, and state laws and serves to instill trust in the physician-patient relationship. Without this confidentiality, a patient will less likely pursue help or be candid with the doctor; diagnosis and treatment is thereby undermined. Few medical situations raise greater confidentiality concerns than those involving substance abuse. Confidentiality breaches could lead to criminal prosecution or public ridicule. Congress, accordingly, has enacted strict confidentiality requirements applicable to most drug and alcohol treatment programs,’ lest “fear of public disclosure of any drug abuse . . . will attach for life [and] will discourage thousands from seeking treatment.“2 When dealing with substance abuse by pregnant women, the need for confidentiality grows stronger. Fewer substance-abusing pregnant women, the argument goes, would seek prenatal care or even hospital deliveries if they were fearful of being prosecuted or of losing their children.’ Confidentiality, although preferred, is not absolute. A patient may waive confidentiality; laws and codes of ethics may recognize nonconsensual exceptions.4 Such exceptions arise when a societal interest outweighs the benefit of confidentiality,
High volume hydraulic fracturing operations: potential impacts on surface water and human health

High volume, hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) processes, used to extract natural gas and oil from underground shale deposits, pose many potential hazards to the environment and human health. HVHF can negatively affect the environment by contaminating soil, water, and air matrices with potential pollutants. Due to the relatively novel nature of the process, hazards to surface waters and human health are not well known. The purpose of this article is to link the impacts of HVHF operations on surface water integrity, with human health consequences. Surface water contamination risks include: increased structural failure rates of unconventional wells, issues with wastewater treatment, and accidental discharge of contaminated fluids. Human health risks associated with exposure to surface water contaminated with HVHF chemicals include increased cancer risk and turbidity of water, leading to increased pathogen survival time. Future research should focus on modeling contamination spread throughout the environment, and minimizing occupational exposure to harmful chemicals.
Mechanoelectrical feedback effects of altering preload, afterload, and ventricular shortening.

Electrophysiological consequences of altering ventricular load (mechanoelectrical feedback) were characterized in an isolated canine heart preparation. A computerized servo pump system controlled left ventricular volume and allowed ventricular ejection against a simulated arterial load (3-element Windkessel model). In 12 ventricles, end-diastolic volume (Ved) was held constant (end-diastolic pressure 6-12 mmHg) as arterial resistance (R) was varied (0.5-12 mmHg.s.ml-1), but afterload-dependent changes in the monophasic action potential (MAP) were not observed despite a large stroke volume effect. In contrast, when R was held constant in eight ventricles while Ved was increased from 20 to 40 ml, the plateau phase of the MAP was abbreviated, the terminal portion of phase 3 repolarization was delayed, and MAP duration measured at 20, 70, and 90% repolarization decreased (P < 0.05). In six ventricles, immediate transitions from isovolumic to ejecting mode at constant Ved did not alter MAP duration, but the magnitude of early afterdepolarizations (EADs), observed during isovolumic beats at high Ved, was reduced with resumption of ventricular ejection. As stroke volume of the initial ejecting contraction was increased by stepwise reductions of R, the magnitude of the EADs decreased progressively. Thus altering ventricular afterload does not modulate action potential duration in ventricles subjected to elevated, physiological, or even greatly reduced levels of afterload, whereas diastolic filling to high Ved does. Under conditions that lead to reduced stroke volume and high end-systolic volume, EADs are produced that are virtually abolished when ventricular ejection fraction is normalized.
Developing Online Peer-to-peer Mentoring Programs for Distance Degree Programs

Students’ successes in online learning programs relate directly to their sensibility of a community of learning and support services that help mediate this learning environment. This article addresses four focused areas: the academic and social challenges to online learning; defining online peer mentoring and provides a rationale for further online student support development. In addition, ethical and legal considerations in establishing online peer mentoring programs are discussed with the integration of two case scenarios for further analysis. Recommendations for future program development and an online peer-to-peer mentoring program development checklist for administrators to consider in program development are shared. Introduction "Help your brother's boat across and your own will reach the shore." Proverb-Hindu For many students initially embarking on the journey of online learning, this intimidating adventure requires the sojourner to be not only open and flexible, but willing to secure guided help if necessary to be successful. Students must not fear forging ahead alone in their educational travels. With the growth of many programs’ student populations, student success and efficacy has moved to be a central consideration amongst online program administrators and developers. Online degree programs continue to grow due to the flexibility and accessibility of the learning environment (Allen & Seaman, 2007; Maguire, 2005). As the number of colleges and universities providing distance learning continue to expand, students now have an extensive marketplace from which to select those programs that match to their educational interests, lifestyles, and learning styles. As well, students may consider distance programs based on their establishment of services to help their adjustment to online learning. TCC 2008 Proceedings
Annexin A1 Deficiency does not Affect Myofiber Repair but Delays Regeneration of Injured Muscles

Repair and regeneration of the injured skeletal myofiber involves fusion of intracellular vesicles with sarcolemma and fusion of the muscle progenitor cells respectively. In vitro experiments have identified involvement of Annexin A1 (Anx A1) in both these fusion processes. To determine if Anx A1 contributes to these processes during muscle repair in vivo, we have assessed muscle growth and repair in Anx A1-deficient mouse (AnxA1−/−). We found that the lack of Anx A1 does not affect the muscle size and repair of myofibers following focal sarcolemmal injury and lengthening contraction injury. However, the lack of Anx A1 delayed muscle regeneration after notexin-induced injury. This delay in muscle regeneration was not caused by a slowdown in proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells. Instead, lack of Anx A1 lowered the proportion of differentiating myoblasts that managed to fuse with the injured myofibers by days 5 and 7 after notexin injury as compared to the wild type (w.t.) mice. Despite this early slowdown in fusion of Anx A1−/− myoblasts, regeneration caught up at later times post injury. These results establish in vivo role of Anx A1 in cell fusion required for myofiber regeneration and not in intracellular vesicle fusion needed for repair of myofiber sarcolemma.
The biology of chronic myeloid leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative expansion of transformed, primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells. It involves myeloid, monocytic, erythroid, megakaryocytic, B-lymphoid, and occasionally T-lymphoid lineages.1 CML was the first human disease in which a specific abnormality of the karyotype — the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome — could be linked to pathogenetic events of leukemogenesis.2 It was among the first neoplastic diseases in which therapy with a biologic agent (interferon) was found to suppress the leukemic clone and prolong survival.3 Although heterogeneous, CML is the best-characterized leukemia at a molecular level, and studies in recent years have helped to define further . . .
Bribery and Firm Performance in Different Institutional Environments

How does bribery affect firm performance? Is this effect uniform across different institutional set-ups? We utilize a firm-level dataset of 27 transition economies to examine the effect of bribery ...
New insights into cell non-autonomous mechanisms of the C. elegans hypoxic response.

ABSTRACTThe hypoxic response is a well-studied and highly conserved biological response to low oxygen availability. First described more than 20 y ago, the traditional model for this response is that declining oxygen levels lead to stabilization of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs), which then bind to hypoxia responsive elements (HREs) in target genes to mediate the transcriptional changes collectively known as the hypoxic response.1,2 Recent work in C. elegans has forced a re-evaluation of this model by indicating that the worm HIF (HIF-1) can mediate effects in a cell non-autonomous fashion and, in at least one case, increase expression of an intestinal hypoxic response target gene in cells lacking HIF-1.
Goethite deironization process for cobaltiferous bioleaching solution by central composite design

The central composite design experimental method was employed to establish and optimize the model of iron removal process on the basis of the single factor experiment.Meanwhile,the influencing factors of the iron removal rate and the cobalt recovery were also discussed.The results show that,E.Z goethite method is suitable for the iron removal process from the cobaltiferous bioleaching solution,and its mathematical model is well fitted with the trial result.Their absolute deviation is less than 1%.The results of model variance analysis show that,when the pH value is in the range of 3.5 4.5.Temperature,the amount of seed crystal and the interaction between them are the main control factors for the iron removal rate.The interaction between the amount of seed crystal and pH value affects the iron removal rate weakly.It is also found that the cobalt recovery changes markedly with pH value,and the interaction between pH value and the amount of seed crystal.Besides,the model can be used to optimize the control parameters of the iron removal process.
Combining Phage and Yeast Cell Surface Antibody Display to Identify Novel Cell Type-Selective Internalizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies

Using phage antibody display, large libraries can be generated and screened to identify monoclonal antibodies with affinity for target antigens. However, while library size and diversity is an advantage of the phage display method, there is limited ability to quantitatively enrich for specific binding properties such as affinity. One way of overcoming this limitation is to combine the scale of phage display selections with the flexibility and quantitativeness of FACS-based yeast surface display selections. In this chapter we describe protocols for generating yeast surface antibody display libraries using phage antibody display selection outputs as starting material and FACS-based enrichment of target antigen-binding clones from these libraries. These methods should be widely applicable for the identification of monoclonal antibodies with specific binding properties.
THE SUBCELLULAR LOCATION OF H3 VITAMIN D3 IN KIDNEY AND INTESTINE.

Abstract An investigation of the subcellular distribution of vitamin D 3 in rat kidney, liver, and intestinal mucosa was carried out utilizing radiochemically pure H 3 -vitamin D 3 All tissues were examined 24 hours following the oral administration of 500 IU of H 3 -vitamin D 3 to vitamin D-deficient rats. The tissues were fractionated into nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal, and cytoplasmic fractions via conventional differential centrifugation techniques. Approximately equal amounts of radioactivity were found in the nuclear, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions, while very little was found in the cytoplasmic fraction. When the radioactivity was expressed on a weight basis (dpm/100 mg dry weight of fraction), the microsomal fractions from the kidney and intestinal mucosa, but not that from the liver, were significantly higher than the corresponding mitochondrial fractions which in turn were significantly higher than the nuclear fractions. The radioactivity in mitochondria and microsomes was shown by thin layer chromatography to be predominantly in a material indistinguishable from crystalline vitamin D 3 . Sonication or mild deoxycholate treatment of mitochondria and microsomes failed to release any of the H 3 -vitamin D from these particles. Instead the vitamin D remained with “membrane-rich” fragments which are recovered by centrifugation at 105,000 g for 90 minutes. These results indicate that the vitamin D present in kidney and intestine following a physiological dose of the vitamin is tightly bound to subcellular membranes.
Disciplines Associated with Food Safety: Parasitology

Traditional parasitology includes the study of any eukaryotic organism that lives on, off, and at the expense of another organism. With the development of mathematical models describing parasite population biology, however, conventional exceptions such as bacteria and viruses are now included as parasites. Balkanized subdisciplines were thus combined with the one dealing with eukaryotic parasites, creating a more unified approach to parasitism. The overdispersion concept emerged as a quantitative assessment for the distribution of certain parasites within host populations. Mathematical modeling of parasite population biology and overdispersion were responsible for developing an innovative methodology for interpreting the dynamic nature of host–parasite interactions. Other new concepts and the application of some older ones, in addition to modeling and dispersion, included codification of parasite population and community biology, competition, colonization strategies, host and site specificity, emerging infectious disease, and food web ecology.
Stochastic Models of Peak-load Pricing

So far, in setting out the classic peak-load model and its extensions, we have retained the assumption of that model that demand is deterministic. Many public utilities face demands that have not only the strong periodic element of the peak-load model, but also an important random element. Stochastic demand creates various complications which typically are not considered in the deterministic case. It is necessary to decide whether demand is to be met, and what happens, by way of rationing, when demand is not met.1 The analysis which follows is directed at answering these questions. In Section 4.1 we describe briefly some of the main contributions to the literature on peak-load pricing under uncertainty. In Section 4.2 we provide a general framework for analysing the problems of stochastic demand, comparing the results with the deterministic solutions derived in Chapter 3. Section 4.3 is concerned with examining some major issues of the stochastic problem, namely dealing with excess demand and rationing, Section 4.4 presents illustrative examples and Section 4.5 is a brief summary of stochastic peak-load pricing.
The Psychophysiology of Hypnotic Susceptibility

Despite a rich literature of anecdotal and clinical material on the relationship of hypnosis to physiological functions, especially to events in the central nervous system, the research findings are highly equivocal. Most relevant studies have been concerned with shifts in brain wave patterns, as measured by the electroencephalogram (EEG). The studies have attempted to identify the underlying processes which accompany the observed or reported events characteristic of passage between waking and hypnotic states of consciousness. With some exceptions, however, most studies have failed to demonstrate EEG correlates of the hypnotic state (Weitzenhoffer, 1953; True and Stephenson, 1963). Similarly, most studies of physiological functioning have failed to find clear-cut changes in the autonomic nervous system resulting from “hypnosis per se, that is, without further verbal instructions” (Edmonston, 1967).
Performance of ovarian cyst fluid fine-needle aspiration cytology.

BACKGROUND Although ovarian fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is not commonly used as a primary modality of diagnosis for patients with ovarian lesions, many ovarian cysts are aspirated intraoperatively and occasionally for diagnostic purposes. Therefore, the ability to interpret these specimens remains critical. Previous studies have suggested a high specificity but low sensitivity as a limitation. The objective of the current study was to further explore the use and performance of ovarian cyst FNA for diagnosing malignancy at the study institution. METHODS The electronic database was searched from 1998 through 2016 for ovarian cyst fluid cytology specimens; any concurrent or follow-up surgical pathology; and clinical information including patient age, radiology findings, and procedure type. Test performance was calculated using the surgical pathology diagnosis as the gold standard. RESULTS A total of 459 ovarian cyst FNA specimens had the following diagnoses: 416 (90.6%) were diagnosed as benign, 32 (7.0%) as atypical, 4 (0.9%) as suspicious, and 7 (1.5%) as malignant. Overall, 300 specimens (65.4%) had a corresponding surgical pathology specimen. On follow-up, the rate of malignancy (including borderline neoplasms) for benign FNA was 10 of 264 specimens (3.8%), that for atypical FNA was 0 of 24 specimens (0%), that for suspicious FNA was 5 of 5 specimens (100%), and that for malignant FNA was 7 of 7 specimens (100%). Test sensitivity was 54.0% and test specificity was 100%. The positive predictive value was 1.00 and the negative predictive value was 0.97, with a disease (malignancy) prevalence of 7.33%. CONCLUSIONS Ovarian cyst fluid cytology is highly specific and moderately sensitive for the detection of ovarian malignancies. A negative FNA is reassuring for patients with a low pretest probability of malignancy. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Team Development Among Physician-Leaders: A Case Study at the Cleveland Clinic

It is widely established that a breakdown in team functions adversely impact patient care and experience (e.g., patient safety, quality of care, patient experience). While formal and informal parti...
Baseline and outcome assessment in pediatric status epilepticus

Abstract Purpose To summarize different aspects of short and long-term outcomes associated with SE, including mortality, recurrence, subsequent epilepsy, neurocognitive dysfunction, imaging abnormalities, and health-related quality of life. Methods We searched MEDLINE for studies that assessed the short-term and long-term outcome of status epilepticus in pediatric population, including mortality, recurrence of seizure and status epilepticus, neurological, cognitive, or behavioral impairment, and health-related quality of life. We excluded studies that exclusively assessed the adult population. Results Mortality in pediatric SE is relatively low, while morbidity poses more challenges. The underlying cause of SE has been shown to be a major determinant in the outcome after SE. However, it is difficult to establish the net effect of SE on outcome due to the heterogeneity of the studies. Notably, this review highlights that health-related quality of life, an important aspect of long-term outcome in pediatric SE, is under-addressed and merits further investigation. Conclusion There is a need to acquire high-quality long-term data evaluating QoL, neuroimaging, use of continuous infusions, and cognitive and behavioral outcome of children who experience SE.
Time and temperature sensitivity of the Hybrid III neck

The Hybrid III (HIII) dummy is one of the most widely used anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) in the world, and researchers have found a variety of uses for it outside of its original purpose as a...
“What does curious even mean do you know?”: Orientations to word meanings in family interactions

Abstract In family interactions, children's proper language use often becomes the focus of conversation. Drawing on a primary corpus of nearly 31 h of video recordings of family interactions from 20 families with at least one child between 3 and 6 years of age, this article uses the methodology of conversation analysis to examine how parents and children orient to issues of word meanings. Findings indicate that family members display a K− epistemic stance towards word meanings through repair and candidate understandings, and accomplish other actions by displaying a K+ epistemic stance towards word meanings. This study shows how these orientations to word meanings are not always didactic in nature, but simply part of everyday family life.
Sales and Market Share Response Models

The relation between sales response and marketing variables is the core of the theory and practice of marketing management. In making decisions, marketing managers must have some ideas about how their actions will influence sales and profits. Usually these ideas concerning the link between apparent causes (marketing decision variables, the actions of competitors, and certain environmental factors) and measurable market responses (sales or market share) are based on experience—a “feel” for the implications of a firm’s marketing decisions. Such casual interpretations of market response may be expedient, serving managers as guides to marketing planning, but they are severely limited in their ability to provide managers with more objective evidence on how to improve the quality of their decisions. Sales response models are formal ways of describing the complex relation between a firm and its market. They are designed to overcome as much uncertainty as possible regarding the nature of sales response and, in addition, to provide the behavioral mechanism in a decision model that allows management to explore optimal policies.
Empowerment in the Clinical Setting

In Professional Ethics: Power and Paradox [17], I proposed that the power of the professional person is morally relevant to determining what should be done in the practice setting and that justice or empowerment of the client becomes a central norm for professional practice.1 The time has now come to see what justice as empowerment means for the clinical setting. The task is particularly crucial in light of Kapp’s recent definition of empowerment as advocating for oneself and participating maximally in one’s own significant decisions ([14], p. 5). Under this definition, to choose dependence upon others is to “forego” empowerment ([14], p. 6). I will explore below the adequacy of this definition.
Tadpole electromagnetic effects σ-commutator terms and η PCAC

Abstract A simple chiral model is studied for including the effects of σ-commutator terms in single-meson matrix elements of the conventional second-order electromagnetic Hamiltonian and it is conclude that they cannot be quantitatively identified with tadpole electromagnetic effects. In justifying the model, a new procedure is discussed for doing PCAC calculations with a pure octet η meson. The results of tadpole electromagnetic effects in K → 2 π decays are illustrated in the appendix.
Capillary Isoelectric Focusing-Mass Spectrometry of Proteins and Protein Complexes

Complex proteome samples require efficient separation and detection methods in order to characterize their protein components. On-line combination of capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) is shown as an effective method to analyze complex protein mixtures. Our experience with several microorganisms allowed us to establish successful experimental protocol. Here we use the example of E. coli whole cell lysate for the CIEF separation and MS detection on the intact protein level. The protocol was further adapted for the analysis of the mixture of non-covalent complexes on the intact complex level.
NMR and Molecular Modeling of Complex Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions. Applications to Anti-Bacteria Vaccines

In order to characterize the conformational epitope of the group B meningococcal polysaccharide and of the type III group B Streptococcus capsular polysaccharide NMR measurements were done on a wide variety of native and modified polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. Since these saccharides are highly mobile and exist as random coils in solution, the analysis of the NMR data and molecular modeling was done to take into account this inherent flexibility. The conformational model of extended high-order helices being selected upon binding to a protein, although still hypothetical at this stage, has proven useful in explaining the serology for the conformational epitopes for polysaccharides of group B Neisseria meningitidis, group B Streptococcus type III and Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14.
The Influence of Gas Environments on Fatigue Crack Growth Rates in Types 316 and 321 Stainless Steel

AbstractFatigue crack growth rates of Types 316 and 321 stainless steel were studied as a function of stress intensity, temperature, relative humidity, and gas environment. At 25°C it was shown tha...
ELECTROWINNING OF BERYLLIUM

A method was developed in which beryllium metal was electrowon from BeO in a 60 mole % LiF-40 mole % BeF2 electrolyte at an applied voltage of 2.6 v and a temperature of 700°C. After electrolysis, the metal product and salt were briefly heated at 1300°C to coalesce the beryllium into spheres, then cooled to 900°C and poured through a stainless steel screen for recovery of the metal.
Out-of-pocket costs are on the rise for commonly prescribed neurologic medications.

Objective To determine out-of-pocket costs for neurologic medications in 5 common neurologic diseases. Methods Utilizing a large, privately insured, health care claims database from 2004 to 2016, we captured out-of-pocket medication costs for patients seen by outpatient neurologists with multiple sclerosis (MS), peripheral neuropathy, epilepsy, dementia, and Parkinson disease (PD). We compared out-of-pocket costs for those in high-deductible health plans compared to traditional plans and explored cumulative out-of-pocket costs over the first 2 years after diagnosis across conditions with high- (MS) and low/medium-cost (epilepsy) medications. Results The population consisted of 105,355 patients with MS, 314,530 with peripheral neuropathy, 281,073 with epilepsy, 120,720 with dementia, and 90,801 with PD. MS medications had the fastest rise in monthly out-of-pocket expenses (mean [SD] $15 [$23] in 2004, $309 [$593] in 2016) with minimal differences between medications. Out-of-pocket costs for brand name medications in the other conditions also rose considerably. Patients in high-deductible health plans incurred approximately twice the monthly out-of-pocket expense as compared to those not in these plans ($661 [$964] vs $246 [$472] in MS, $40 [$94] vs $18 [$46] in epilepsy in 2016). Cumulative 2-year out-of-pocket costs rose almost linearly over time in MS ($2,238 [$3,342]) and epilepsy ($230 [$443]). Conclusions Out-of-pocket costs for neurologic medications have increased considerably over the last 12 years, particularly for those in high-deductible health plans. Out-of-pocket costs vary widely both across and within conditions. To minimize patient financial burden, neurologists require access to precise cost information when making treatment decisions.
Cytologic evaluation of p16 staining in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in CytoLyt versus formalin-fixed material.

BACKGROUND The management of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-related oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are distinct from HNSCC linked to smoking and alcohol use. HR-HPV-positive HNSCC frequently presents as a cervical lymph node metastasis. Because fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is often the initial diagnostic procedure, evaluating HR-HPV status in cytology specimens is important. The overexpression of p16 is a surrogate for HR-HPV; however, the evaluation of p16 in FNAs remains controversial. METHODS From September 2015 to December 2016, cytopathologists performed 25 FNAs of neck lymph nodes that were suspicious for HR-HPV-positive HNSCC. Initial passes produced smears for on-site evaluation and CytoLyt material. Additional passes were formalin-fixed. A CytoLyt cell block (CCB) and a formalin-fixed cell block (FFCB) were prepared, and p16 immunocytochemistry was performed. RESULTS In 24 of 25 cases, the FFCB had diffuse (≥70% of cells), strong nuclear/cytoplasmic p16 staining. In all 24 of these cases, HR-HPV was detected by in situ hybridization. The corresponding CCB had weak-to-moderate p16 staining in <70% of cells (range, 5%-60% of cells) in 17 cases, 4 had weak-to-moderate diffuse staining, and 4 were acellular. The percentage of p16-positive cells was significantly higher with FFCB than with CCB (formalin: 94% ± 2%; CytoLyt, 38% ± 7%; 2-tailed, paired Student t test; P < .001; Fisher exact test, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The fixative used had a drastic impact on p16 staining, which explained the staining variability reported in the literature. FFCBs show a diffuse staining pattern, which correlates with HR-HPV status, whereas CCBs show a weaker and inconsistent staining pattern, which is more difficult to interpret.
Sorority flow: the rhetoric of sisterhood in post-network television

This essay examines the use of sororal discourse and imagery in post-network television, and situates this “rhetoric of sisterhood” within the broader traditions of both female-driven network progr...
Nano-scale Defect Analysis Through K-Means Clustering of CuInSe 2 Solar Cells with Ag and K Incorporation

Nano-X-ray fluorescence microscopy is used to correlate elemental inhomogeneity to device performance measured through X-ray beam induced current (XBIC). Unsupervised machine learning techniques can be useful in the processing and correlation of XRF/XBIC data. A case study using CuInSe 2 solar cells treated with Ag-alloying and KF-post- deposition treatment (PDT) is presented. The implementation of K-means clustering is studied for its ability to identify statistically meaningful results from XRF/XBIC data. The procedure described may be applied to datasets of a similar nature.
The quartz α↔β phase transition: Does it drive damage and reaction in continental crust?

Abstract The α ↔ β phase transition in quartz is accompanied by relatively large, anisotropic changes in cell volume and elastic stiffness properties. Because quartz is among the most abundant minerals in Earth's continental crust, these changes have the potential to profoundly influence the state of stress, mechanical properties, metamorphism, and rheology of crustal rocks. Laboratory experiments confirm strongly enhanced microcracking as rocks cross the transition. In addition, limited seismological studies suggest that the α ↔ β transition may cause extensive microcracking in the crust. However, the micromechanical basis for potential transition-induced damage has not been quantitatively explored. Here we use numerical methods to show that elastic stresses arising from the transition can greatly exceed the brittle tensile and shear strengths of common crustal rocks and minerals at various confining pressures. In particular, we show that contraction during the down-temperature β → α transition is far more effective than expansion during the up-temperature α → β transition at promoting possible brittle failure and/or recrystallization (damage). Our results suggest that the α ↔ β transition may play an important role in damaging the continental crust, particularly in rock volumes that experience geologically rapid changes in temperature or pressure. In these environments, the transition may weaken rocks, establish transient permeability, facilitate advective mass transport and metamorphic reactions, and potentially nucleate earthquakes.
Determining Detection Thresholds for Fixed Positional Offsets for Virtual Hand Remapping in Virtual Reality

Virtual reality commonly makes use of tracked hand interactions for user input. Interaction techniques sometimes alter the mapping between the real and virtual coordinate systems to modify interaction possibilities. This paper studies fixed positional offsets applied to the location of the virtual hand. We present a controlled experiment in which users’ hands were subject to fixed positional offsets of varying magnitudes while completing target-touching tasks. The study provides estimations for detection thresholds for positional hand offsets in six directions relative to the real-world location of the hand and provides evidence performance using offset virtual hands can vary based on offset parameters. Significant differences in offset detection were identified based on offset direction, indicating that positional adjustments made to virtual hands should consider directionality when limiting techniques rather than just a constant value. Hand offsets kept within the threshold value resulted in comparable performance to unmodified hand registration, while offsets beyond the threshold resulted in larger completion times.
Locally exact asymptotic homogenization of viscoelastic composites under anti-plane shear loading

Abstract The recently developed elasticity-based locally exact asymptotic homogenization theory is extended to accommodate non-ageing linearly viscoelastic composites under anti-plane shear loading. The theory is based on transforming the problem to the Laplace domain using the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle, solving it in the transformed domain and transforming it back to time domain using an efficient and accurate inversion technique. In the Laplace domain, the microscale unit cell interior problems are solved exactly up to the third order through Fourier series expansions, whereas the inseparable exterior periodic boundary value problems are tackled by asymptotic extensions of a balanced variational principle. Numerical examples of microscale solutions are presented and compared with the finite element method in support of the theory's accuracy. The effectiveness of the theory is assessed through a solution of a viscoelastic composite structural problem with finite-sized microstructures, illustrating good comparison with the results of a direct numerical solution. The theory is also applied to the microscale analysis of composites reinforced by viscoelastic fibers with different relaxation rates rarely reported in the literature. The analytical solution methodology in the Laplace domain is unique among the existing higher-order asymptotic homogenization methods employed in the solution of viscoelastic composite structural problems with non-vanishing microstructural scales. It serves as a gold standard for validating strictly numerical approaches.
Risk Sharing in a Politically Divided Monetary Union

We document stark asynchronicity across U.S. states, particularly across groups of states whose populations have voted consistently Democrat or consistently Republican in national elections; and we show that the risk-sharing channels of these groups of states differ substantially. However, we find that these groups of states–even swing states, where the role of fiscal flows is small (on par with Europe’s)–do share risk. Indeed, we halve previous estimates of states’ residual risk by using new data to account for sharing risk through changes in population, prices, and durable goods consumption. These findings indicate that political differences alone do not themselves preclude macroeconomic risk sharing within a monetary union.
Helping People Denied Disability Benefits for a Mental Health Impairment: The Supported Employment Demonstration

Social Security Administration demonstration projects that are intended to help people receiving disability benefits have increased employment but not the number of exits from disability programs. The Supported Employment Demonstration (SED) is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of services for individuals with mental health problems before they enter disability programs. The SED aims to provide health, employment, and other support services that help them become self-sufficient and avoid entering disability programs. The target population is people who have been denied Social Security disability benefits for a presumed psychiatric impairment. Thirty community-based programs across the United States serve as treatment sites; inclusion in the SED was based on the existence of high-fidelity employment programs that use the individual placement and support model, the ability to implement team-based care, and the willingness to participate in a three-armed RCT. In the SED trial, one-third of 2,960 participants receive services as usual, one-third receive services from a multidisciplinary team that includes integrated supported employment, and one-third receive services from a similar team that also includes a nurse care coordinator for medication management support and medical care. The goals of the study are to help people find employment, attain better health, and delay or avoid disability program entry. This article introduces the SED.
Scalable Cross Validation Losses for Gaussian Process Models.

We introduce a simple and scalable method for training Gaussian process (GP) models that exploits cross-validation and nearest neighbor truncation. To accommodate binary and multi-class classification we leverage Polya-Gamma auxiliary variables and variational inference. In an extensive empirical comparison with a number of alternative methods for scalable GP regression and classification, we find that our method offers fast training and excellent predictive performance. We argue that the good predictive performance can be traced to the non-parametric nature of the resulting predictive distributions as well as to the cross-validation loss, which provides robustness against model mis-specification.
Clinical Biomarkers in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: Autoimmune Diseases.

Objective:The purpose of this article is to review the literature and compile promising and clinically relevant biomarkers in autoimmune disease related to otolaryngology—head and neck surgery.Stud...
Evaluating the impacts of driver’s pre-warning cognitive state on takeover performance under conditional automation

Abstract To design better fallback procedures and enhance road safety for conditionally automated vehicles (SAE Level 3), it is important to understand the factors that affect driver’s takeover performance (i.e., driving performance while resuming manual control). This study investigates the impacts of driver’s pre-warning cognitive state (i.e., before the issuance of a takeover warning) on takeover performance. Most existing studies assess takeover performance by independently analyzing driving performance indicators (e.g., minimum time-to-collision and maximum deceleration), and thereby ignore their associated interdependencies. This study proposes a novel comprehensive takeover performance metric, Takeover Performance Index (TOPI), that combines multiple driving performance indicators representing three aspects of takeover performance: risk of collision, the intensity of the driver’s response, and trajectory quality. Further, the driver’s pre-warning cognitive state is estimated by analyzing neurophysiological data (i.e., brain electrical activity) measured using an electroencephalogram (EEG) for 118 participants in driving simulator experiments. Linear mixed models are estimated for takeover performance to analyze its linkages to the driver’s pre-warning cognitive state, novelty in takeover experience (i.e., prior experience with a takeover situation), type of takeover warning (i.e., non-mandatory takeover vs. mandatory takeover), age, and driving experience. In this study, most drivers intervened in non-mandatory takeover scenarios and exhibited poor takeover performance. We observed three crashes across 287 runs. The study results show that takeover performance decreases with age but increases with driving experience when the driver is under certain pre-warning cognitive states, including fatigue, drowsiness, passive attention, and low level of alertness. They also illustrate that the novelty in takeover experience and mandatory takeover warning negatively affects takeover performance. The study findings provide insights for developing operator training and licensing strategies, designing regulations for the use of automated vehicles, and factoring driver cognition in designing fallback procedures in automated vehicles.