cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Check dam agriculture on the mesa verde cuesta

Abstract Prehistoric water management in the northern US Southwest was integral to successful subsistence. On the Mesa Verde cuesta in southwestern Colorado, several types of water management features have been identified in the archaeological record, but research into these features has typically focused on the efficacy of reservoirs—a large-scale, labor-intensive, and community-oriented means of collecting and storing water. This focus on large-scale water management features has largely ignored the productive potential of small-scale and low-cost strategies for water management executed by individual households. There is considerable evidence, for example, that extensive check dam networks were constructed and used on the Mesa Verde cuesta, but their actual utility as a small-scale risk-aversion strategy to resource stress has not systematically been explored. This paper identifies all ephemeral drainages on the Mesa Verde cuesta where check dam construction was possible, then applies a maize growing niche model to estimate total yields from check dam farming plots for each year from AD 890–1285. A demographic reconstruction is then used to estimate the percentage of the total cuesta population that could have been supported using only check dam maize yields through time. Results suggest that check dam farming could have supplied a reliable source of surplus annual maize sufficient for household storage needs even during the most populous time periods across the cuesta landscape.
How the Study of Speech Motor Control Can Inform Assessment and Intervention in Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Purpose The study of speech motor control has led to great advancements in the current understanding of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). There remains a significant need to bridge the gap between...
Compensation and Benefits

In this chapter, the author explores the compensation framework in the pornography industry. Using recent data, the reader will get a sense as to the remuneration of different jobs within the industry. For example, a recent CNBC survey of pornography workers that the more extreme acts command higher rates, and the most extreme acts can go for $1800–$2500. Some performers intentionally wait on performing extreme or taboo acts as they develop their brand and fan base. The author also discusses passive income that adult performers receive, as well as access to healthcare is discussed.
The Multidimensionality of Racial/Ethnic Socialization: Scale Construction for the Cultural and Racial Experiences of Socialization (CARES)

Negotiating racial politics in the United States is a rapidly transforming and dynamic matter. As a result, racial/ethnic socialization (R/ES) measurement must match this transformation to reflect the current processes utilized by Black Americans to manage racial conflict. We describe the scale construction of the Cultural and Racial Experiences of Socialization (CARES), a multidimensional assessment of R/ES based on Racial Encounter Coping Appraisal and Socialization theory. Additionally, we tested the CARES for its relation with gender and perceived racism. Utilizing a national sample of 373 Black college students, Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed the CARES to have 35 items and a 5 factor-solution. The CARES demonstrated strong overall internal consistency and its factors had moderate to strong internal consistency coefficients. The CARES factors allude to the complex role of R/ES as a social cognitive strategy for managing racial conflict. New concepts include both racism and bicultural coping strategies. We move beyond traditional concepts of cultural mistrust, which focus on a suspicion of the motives of White people, with the Racial Stereotyping factor that includes messages conveying cynical views of other Black people based on social class, gender and colorism. Gender differences in R/ES indicate that parents may perceive the consequences of racial conflict and miscues to be more dismal for their sons than their daughters. Interaction effects were found between R/ES and perceived racism. Family practitioners can use the findings to guide parents that are vacillating on the importance of discussing racial hierarchies with their children.
Evaluation of Neuropathy, Glycemic Control, and Revascularization as Risk Factors for Future Lower Extremity Amputation among Diabetic Patients.

Background Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for progression to lower extremity amputation (LEA) due to progressive neuropathy and glycemia-induced vasculopathy. In this study, we evaluated risk factors for incident LEA type 2 diabetics during a randomized controlled trial and extended post-trial follow-up. Methods The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes trial randomized 10,251 type 2 diabetics to intensive glycemic control (Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) target Results 9,746 patients were followed for a mean of 7.9 +/−3.1 (median 8.9) years after randomization. Ninety-eight (1%) participants underwent an incident LEA during the trial or post-trial follow-up period. Baseline demographics and traditional risk factors were examined by incident amputation status. Multivariable models revealed that abnormal 10 gm filament test (HR 4.50, 95% CI 2.92–6.95, P Conclusions In this post hoc analysis of a large randomized controlled population of diabetic patients, we found that components of the MNSI score including presence of ulceration, abnormal appearance of the foot, and 10 gm filament monofilament scoring were strongly predictive of LEA. This adds a valuable clinical tool in the risk stratification of diabetic patients for LEA.
Identification of distinct immune landscapes using an automated nine-color multiplex immunofluorescence staining panel and image analysis in paraffin tumor tissues

Immune profiling is becoming a vital tool for identifying predictive and prognostic markers for translational studies. The study of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in paraffin tumor tissues such as malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) could yield insights to actionable targets to improve patient outcome. Here, we optimized and tested a new immune-profiling method to characterize immune cell phenotypes in paraffin tissues and explore the co-localization and spatial distribution between the immune cells within the TME and the stromal or tumor compartments. Tonsil tissues and tissue microarray (TMA) were used to optimize an automated nine-color multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) panel to study the TME using eight antibodies: PD-L1, PD-1, CD3, CD8, Foxp3, CD68, KI67, and pancytokeratin. To explore the potential role of the cells into the TME with this mIF panel we applied this panel in twelve MPM cases to assess the multiple cell phenotypes obtained from the image analysis and well as their spatial distribution in this cohort. We successful optimized and applied an automated nine-color mIF panel to explore a small set of MPM cases. Image analysis showed a high degree of cell phenotype diversity with immunosuppression patterns in the TME of the MPM cases. Mapping the geographic cell phenotype distribution in the TME, we were able to identify two distinct, complex immune landscapes characterized by specific patterns of cellular distribution as well as cell phenotype interactions with malignant cells. Successful we showed the optimization and reproducibility of our mIF panel and their incorporation for comprehensive TME immune profiling into translational studies that could refine our ability to correlate immunologic phenotypes with specific patterns of cells distribution and distance analysis. Overall, this will improve our ability to understand the behavior of cells within the TME and predict new treatment strategies to improve patient outcome.
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function following a 100-km Ultramarathon: A Case Study in Monozygotic Twins.

Purpose Very little research has investigated the effects of ultra-endurance exercise on the bioenergetic status of muscle. The primary objective of this case study was to characterize the changes that occur in skeletal muscle mitochondria in response to a 100-km ultramarathon in monozygotic twins. A second objective was to determine whether mitochondrial function is altered by consuming a periodized low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (LCHFD) during training compared to a high-carbohydrate diet. Methods One pair of male monozygotic twins ran 100 km on treadmills following 4 weeks of training on either a high carbohydrate or periodized LCHFD. Muscle biopsies were collected 4 weeks prior to the run, as well as 4- and 52-hours post-run. Blood draws were also performed immediately before, as well as 4- and 52-hours post-run. Results Four hours post-run, respiratory capacity, citrate synthase activity and mitochondrial complex protein content were decreased. Two days later, both twins showed signs of rapid recovery in several of these measures. Furthermore, blood levels of creatine phosphokinase, C-reactive protein, and aspartate transaminase were elevated 4 hours after the run, but partially recovered two days later. Conclusion Although there were some differences between the twins, the primary finding is that there is significant mitochondrial impairment induced by running 100 km, which rapidly recovers within 2 days. These results provide ample rationale for future investigations of the effects of ultra-endurance activity on mitochondrial function.
Traditional uses and beneficial effects of various species of berry-producing plants in eastern Canada1

There are many different types of berry-producing plants that grow throughout North America. These various species of plants produce berries, known by their common names, such as blueberry, lingonb...
Monte Carlo simulations of periodic pulsed reactor with moving geometry parts

In a periodic pulsed reactor, the reactor state varies periodically from slightly subcritical to slightly prompt supercritical for producing periodic power pulses. Such periodic state change is accomplished by a periodic movement of specific reactor parts, such as control rods or reflector sections. The analysis of such reactor is difficult to perform with the current reactor physics computer programs. Based on past experience, the utilization of the point kinetics approximations gives considerable errors in predicting the magnitude and the shape of the power pulse if the reactor has significantly different neutron life times in different zones. To accurately simulate the dynamics of this type of reactor, a Monte Carlo procedure using the transfer function TRCL/TR of the MCNP/MCNPX computer programs is utilized to model the movable reactor parts. In this paper, two algorithms simulating the geometry part movements during a neutron history tracking have been developed. Several test cases have been developed to evaluate these procedures. The numerical test cases have shown that the developed algorithms can be utilized to simulate the reactor dynamics with movable geometry parts.
PENAL INSTITUTIONS Probation: Provide Confinement Requirement of Ninety Days for Certain Probationers to be Fulfilled at Special Alternative Incarceration Boot Camps

The Act provides that probationers who are not less than seventeen years old and not more than thirty years old, and who are sentenced to at least one year on probation, may be required to complete a period of ninety days of confinement in a special alternative incarceration boot camp. This will apply only to probationers not suffering any mental or physical handicaps which would prevent them from engaging in strenuous activity. At least five days prior to the probationer's release from the special alternative incarceration boot camp, the Department of Corrections will certify to the trial court as to whether the individual has satisfactorily completed this condition of probation. An unsatisfactory report will be grounds for revocation of the probated sentence.
Normal means revisited

The problem of ranking and selecting normal means as originally studied by Shanti Gupta is approached herein from a robust Bayesian perspective. This model uses the usual hierarchical Bayesian setup but does not require complete specifications of the hyperpriors. Instead, elicited prior information about the population of means as a group is used to specify a quantile class for the hyperpriors. Two criteria are suggested for ranking and selecting which provide insight not only to which population is best, but in addition give quantitative methods for deciding how much better one population is than another. Using these criteria, minimum and maximum values are calculated for the derived quantile class. Relative sizes of these evaluations and the distance between the max and min give insight as to the quality of the data and the sufficiency of the sample size. These concepts are illustrated with a numerical example.
Explosives and other Nitro Compounds Determined By Liquid Chromatography with Photolysis-Electrochemical Detection

Post-column photolysis has long been used in HPLC to confer UV or fluorescence detectability, but very little has been described for electrochemical detection (LCEC) [1—3]. A commercial photoconductivity detector has a built-in high-intensity UV source whereby the column effluent can be irradiated [4]; the ionic species thus generated are detected non-specifically by conductivity. Photohydrolytic methods have already been described for trace analysis of N-nitroso compounds. However, reports are lacking on photolytic studies with LCEC using commercially available flow-through cells of thin-layer type [5].
Sufficient dimension reduction and graphics in regression

In this article, we review, consolidate and extend a theory for sufficient dimension reduction in regression settings. This theory provides a powerful context for the construction, characterization and interpretation of low-dimensional displays of the data, and allows us to turn graphics into a consistent and theoretically motivated methodological body. In this spirit, we propose an iterative graphical procedure for estimating the meta-parameter which lies at the core of sufficient dimension reduction; namely, the central dimension-reduction subspace.
Abstracting stack to detect obfuscated calls in binaries

Information about calls to the operating system (or kernel libraries) made by a binary executable may be used to determine whether the binary is malicious. Being aware of this approach, malicious programmers hide this information by making such calls without using the call instruction. For instance, the `call addr' instruction may be replaced by two push instructions and a return instruction, the first push pushes the address of the instruction after the return instruction, and the second push pushes the address addr. The code may be further obfuscated by spreading the three instructions and by splitting each instruction into multiple instructions. This paper presents a method to statically detect obfuscated calls in binary code. The notion of abstract stack is introduced to associate each element in the stack to the instruction that pushes the element. An abstract stack graph is a concise representation of all abstract stacks at every point in the program. An abstract stack graph, created by abstract interpretation of the binary executables, may be used to detect obfuscated calls and other stack related obfuscations
Cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of a neuronal acetylcholine receptor alpha-type subunit

Chick ciliary ganglion neurons have nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) that mediate synaptic transmission through the ganglion. A cAMP- dependent process has previously been shown to enhance the ACh response of the neurons 2- to 3-fold without requiring the synthesis of new receptors. We show here that the receptors can be phosphorylated in situ by a cAMP-dependent process. The phosphorylation occurs predominantly on components of 50 and 58 kDa. Both derive from putative ligand-binding alpha 3 subunits, with the smaller phosphorylated species probably representing a degradation product of the larger. The increase in receptor phosphorylation caused by incubating the neurons with a cAMP analog parallels the increase observed in the ACh response, with respect to both time course and relative extent. The phosphorylation of ciliary ganglion AChRs differs from that reported for electric organ AChRs, which occurs primarily on the non-ligand- binding gamma and delta subunits and increases the rate of agonist- induced receptor desensitization.
Better care for people with diabetes and endocrine diseases.

With this issue, we launch Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology (CDE), a new journal for health researchers and professionals involved in the care of people with diabetes and endocrine diseases. CDE is published collaboratively by the University of Michigan and our partners at BioMed Central. Our vision is to share new research and clinical knowledge in diabetes and endocrine diseases with the health professional community, so that ultimately, our patients can have better care. Each year, new knowledge and treatments for diabetes and endocrine diseases are uncovered in many parts of the world. In diabetes, discovery and development of the 11 classes of anti-hyperglycemia medications available today has spanned over nine decades [Table 1]. These medications have helped to improve glycemic control, but we need continued advances in understanding diabetes so that the burden of disease can be decreased both for individual patients and for society as a whole. From idea to patient, translational research spans the spectrum from basic science, to clinical research, to clinical trials, to approval by regulatory agencies. Because as many as 387 million patients worldwide have been diagnosed with diabetes in 2013 [1], we need progress in all of these areas. Among other endocrine disorders, genomics will unquestionably enhance our understanding and management of disease. The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing steadily [2]. In 2014, it was estimated there were 62,980 new cases of thyroid cancer in the US alone. New knowledge in molecular diagnosis [3] of thyroid cancer may greatly influence the choice of treatments and would benefit those affected. In adrenocortical carcinoma, genomic studies have allowed us to distinguish two groups of patients–one with poor prognosis and another with a far more favorable prognosis [4]. Translational research from mouse to human studies may lead to new ways to treat metastatic thyroid cancer [5].
Image Databases Are Not Databases with Images

In this paper, we discuss a number of new problems that arise in image databases, and that set them apart from traditional databases. The fact that image databases are based on similarity, rather than matching, creates a whose set of new issues.Most noticeably, while matching is, by and large, a well defined concept, there are many possible types of similarities. In this paper, we consider the problem of simulating human similarity perception. We argue that a satisfactory solution is possible for preattentive similarity, and we present a general and comprehensive geometric similarity model.
Numerical analysis: an introduction

This is a text in numerical analysis which is taken to mean the branch of mathematics that develops and analyzes computational methods dealing with problems arising in classical analysis, approximations theory, the theory of equations, and ordinary differential equations. The topics in this book are presented with a view towards stressing basic principles and maintaining simplicity and teachability as far as possible. Topics that require a level of technicality that goes beyond the standard of simplicity imposed are referenced in bibliographic notes at the end of each chapter. This book does not cover numerical linear algebra, nor the numerical solution of partial differential equations, as the author takes the view that these are now separate disciplines. It is intended that the student has a good background in calculus and advanced calculus and some knowledge of linear algebra, complex analysis, and differential equations.
Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and repair: the role of sterile inflammation and innate immunity

Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity because of overdose is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the western world. Metabolic activation of APAP and protein adduct formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidant stress, peroxynitrite formation and nuclear DNA fragmentation are critical intracellular events in hepatocytes. However, the early cell necrosis causes the release of a number of mediators such as high-mobility group box 1 protein, DNA fragments, heat shock proteins (HSPs) and others (collectively named damage-associated molecular patterns), which can be recognized by toll-like receptors on macrophages, and leads to their activation with cytokine and chemokine formation. Although pro-inflammatory mediators recruit inflammatory cells (neutrophils, monocytes) into the liver, neither the infiltrating cells nor the activated resident macrophages cause any direct cytotoxicity. In contrast, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can directly promote intracellular injury mechanisms by inducing nitric oxide synthase or inhibit cell death mechanisms by the expression of acute-phase proteins (HSPs, heme oxygenase-1) and promote hepatocyte proliferation. In addition, the newly recruited macrophages (M2) and potentially neutrophils are involved in the removal of necrotic cell debris in preparation for tissue repair and resolution of the inflammatory response. Thus, as discussed in detail in this review, the preponderance of experimental evidence suggests that the extensive sterile inflammatory response during APAP hepatotoxicity is predominantly beneficial by limiting the formation and the impact of pro-inflammatory mediators and by promoting tissue repair.
Comment on ‘Robust error on magnetotelluric impedance estimates’ by P. Wawrzyniak, P. Sailhac and G. Marquis, Geophysical Prospecting, 61, 533–546

Comment on ‘Robust error on magnetotelluric impedance estimates’ by P Wawrzyniak, P Sailhac and G Marquis, Geophysical Prospecting, doi: 10.1111/j.1365–2478.2012.01094.x
Educating Pharmacists on a Prescription Drug Monitoring Program.

Objective:To provide education to community pharmacists regarding the registration and use of the Texas prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) and to assess the impact of the education on pharmacists’ perceptions of the PDMP.Method:The study design was a descriptive, pre and post, cross-sectional survey conducted among community pharmacists attending a PDMP education program. The program was designed to present the PDMP as a public health tool available to assist pharmacists with dispensing decisions related to controlled prescription drugs.Results:Of the 24 pharmacists who completed the survey, 23 were already registered to use the PDMP. However, all 23 felt that the program successfully educated users regarding the PDMP and agreed that other community pharmacists would benefit from the program presented. After the program, 14 participants responded they would very likely use the PDMP in the next 30 days. Recognition of the use of PDMPs as a program for both pharmacists and physicians was increased ...
Evaluation of Coli-Count Samplers for Possible Use in Standard Counting of Total and Fecal Coliforms in Recreational Waters

Millipore Coli-Count Samplers were used to enumerate colonies of laboratory cultures of coliform bacteria. The samplers gave significantly lower counts than standard membrane-filter procedures for both total and fecal coliforms. Although the samplers are useful for semiquantitative analysis as indicated by the manufacturer, they are not suitable for standard examinations of recreational waters.
Modified half-edge data structure and its applications to 3D mesh generation for complex tube networks.

IV TABLE OF CONTENTS V LIST OF FIGURES VII LIST OF TABLES VIII LIST OF ALGORITHMS IX I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. 3D MODELING APPLICATIONS AND REPRESENTATIONS 6 A. MEDICAL TUBE STRUCTURES 8 B. PROCEDURALLY GENERATED LEVELS 9 C. PHYSICS SIMULATIONS 12 III. OVERVIEW OF TRIANGULAR MESHES 15 A. TRIANGULAR MESH DATA STRUCTURES 17 B. HALF EDGE DATA STRUCTURE 20 C. METRICS OF HALF EDGE DATA STRUCTURE 24 IV. HALF EDGE DATA STRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS 28 A. HASH TABLE FOR UNLINKED HALF EDGES 28 1. Subdivision 29 2. Mesh Conversion 32 3. Boundary Tracing 33
Inhibition of M13 phage synthesis by rifampicin in some rifampicin-resistant Escherichia coli mutants

Abstract In certain Escherichia coli strains that have altered RNA polymerases and are resistant to low levels of rifampicin, M13 phage synthesis is almost totally inhibited by the drug at concentrations that do not affect significantly the bacterial growth rate. Rifampicin does not prevent release of progeny phage particles from the cells, and its effect is reversible. The inhibition of phage synthesis is due to inhibition of phage mRNA synthesis by the drug.
Inside Out: Narrative Autoethnography as a Path Toward Rapport:

This article addresses the connection of rapport and autoethnography. Focusing on her own ethnographic work, the author explores how including her own stories in her ethnographies complexifies the narratives told about the field and increases rapport between her and her participants. The author addresses the benefits and ethical implications of this method, using descriptions and examples not only from her work but from work others have done. The author’s hope is to show not only how an autoethnographic method allows her to be more empathic toward those engaged in her study but also how sharing her stories with her field participants fosters their openness as well.
A neural network process model for abrasive flow machining operations

Abstract This paper describes the development of a predictive process modeling system for the abrasive flow machining (AFM) process. This process is used for polishing and surface removal of workpieces with an internal flow path. The core of the process modeling system is a set of neural network models that predicts surface finish and dimensional change. These neural network models are then paired with a heuristic search algorithm to select sets of machine setup parameters for the AFM process. The heuristic search is specifically designed to avoid allowing the neural networks to extrapolate. The completed system was validated using several test pieces, and the results were very promising. The system is currently planned for implementation into the production process. The system has the potential to significantly reduce the development time for new applications of the process and can also be used to suggest alternative machine setup parameters when certain media types are unavailable.
The effects of season, pretraining, and scent on the efficiency of traps for capturing recruited honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

A portable trap was designed to capture honey bees recruited to the field by dancers. An infrared phototransistor placed in the entrance tunnel of the trap sensed an incoming bee and turned on a talking clock, which in turn activated a voice-actuated audio tape recorder that recorded the time. We tested the effectiveness of traps for capturing bees recruited by four dancer bees (1) during two seasons when local flower densities differed, (2) with or without a group of bees pretrained to enter traps for food, and (3) when the scent used in traps and at the dancers' feeding station was changed just prior to recruitment trials or was not changed. One trap was put out at each of four distances (50, 100, 150, and 200 m) from the hive, while dancers fed on concentrated sucrose at the feeding station located at 150 m in the same direction. Recruited bees that approached the traps but did not enter were counted by observers. More bees were recruited and captured in traps when the local flora was sparse (fall) than when flowers were abundant (summer), when bees were pretrained versus not pretrained, and when the scent was not changed just prior to recruitment trials versus changed. The distributions of number of bees counted at the four distances at scented recruit stations and trapped were similar only when bees were pretrained and the scent was not changed during recruitment trials. However, the highest proportion of bees trapped in a trial at 150 m (distance to dancers' feeding station) was when bees were pretrained and the scent was changed.
Proliferative Gill Disease of Fish from the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, Mississippi

Abstract Proliferative gill disease (PGD), a condition not previously reported in wild fish, was found in two channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus sampled from the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway in Mississippi during June and July 1989. The parasite thought to cause PGD was observed in only one of the fish, but the distinctive lesions associated with this disease were prominent in both of the channel catfish. Organisms resembling the PGD parasite were also found in the gills of 4 of 18 largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and 6 of 20 bluegills Lepomis macrochirus, but there was little or no host response to these parasites.
FPGA memory testing technique using BIST

The wide use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) in critical applications including, military and airborne applications require fault free operation of the FPGA. In FPGAs, faults can occur in the memory resources, logic blocks, or the interconnects. In this paper, memory faults including Stuck-at, Transition, Address Decoder, Incorrect Read, Deceptive Read Destructive, and Data Retention Faults are analyzed using an optimized March C- algorithm. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this algorithm, a novel Built-in Self Test (BIST) technique to test the embedded SRAM memory of the FPGA is proposed. The proposed technique reduces the test time by approximately half as compared to previously published schemes. The FPGA is modeled in VHDL at the equivalent gate level and the simulations results are generated using ModelSim.
The Mind-Bladder Connection: Current Understanding of the Relationship of Psychological Stress and Overactive Bladder Symptoms

Voiding behavior can be quite sensitive to emotionally traumatic events. Emotional and psychological stress or anxiety are intimately associated with disorders of bowel and bladder function. The exact pathophysiologic mechanism remains unknown. This paper will review the current understanding of the relationship between psychological stress and overactive bladder symptoms.
Plasticity length scale in LIGA nickel MEMS structures

The plasticity length scale parameters associated with rotational and stretch gradients in LIGA nickel MEMS structures plated from sulfamate bath are presented in this paper. These are obtained from micro-bend and micro-tensile experiments on LIGA nickel films with different thicknesses. The composite length-scale parameter, l c is measured to be ∼ 4.8 νm for as-plated films (25, 50, 100 and 175 νm thick). The implications of the results are then discussed for the modeling of plasticity in LIGA nickel structures.
Disorder solutions for gauge systems

Abstract Lattice gauge systems with an exactly computable partition function are presented. These models are analouges of the disorder points of spin systems. They could be used for testing Monte Carlo procedures.
Identification of a genomic DNA fragment containing the Drosophila melanogaster ovarian tumor gene (otu) and localization of regions governing its expression.

Abstract We have identified a genomic DNA fragment which restores fertility to mutants of the ovarian tumor locus ( otu ) of Drosophila melanogaster . Germ-line transformants bearing this fragment express otu mRNA with the same tissue specificity as, and at levels comparable to, the wild-type otu gene. Transcription from the otu promoter, P otu , which lacks a TATA element, appears to be initiated at multiple transcription start points ( tsp ) within an 80-bp region. Deletion of sequences upstream of the tsp indicates that a region between nucleotides −190 and −310 is required for proper expression from the otu gene. A DNA fragment containing 452 bp upstream and 126 bp downstream from the tsp is able to direct expression of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene in the germ cells of the ovary and testis, indicating that cis -acting regulatory elements governing these expression patterns are located in a 578-bp region surrounding the multiple tsp .
Intracavitary Cardiac Extension of Hepatoma

Acute right atrial obstruction in a 62-year-old man was demonstrated angiographically to be due to a tumor, which was later proved to be metastatic hepatoma. Resection of the tumor resulted in total symptomatic relief.
Liouvillian solutions of irreducible second order linear difference equations

In this paper we give a new algorithm to compute Liouvillian solutions of linear difference equations. The first algorithm for this was given by Hendriks in 1998, and Hendriks and Singer in 1999. Several improvements have been published, including a paper by Cha and van Hoeij that reduces the combinatorial problem. But the number of combinations still depended exponentially on the number of singularities. For irreducible second order equations, we give a short and very efficient algorithm; the number of combinations is 1.
On the design and development of attitude stabilization, vision-based navigation, and aerial gripping for a low-cost quadrotor

This paper presents the design and development of autonomous attitude stabilization, navigation in unstructured, GPS-denied environments, aggressive landing on inclined surfaces, and aerial gripping using onboard sensors on a low-cost, custom-built quadrotor. The development of a multi-functional micro air vehicle (MAV) that utilizes inexpensive off-the-shelf components presents multiple challenges due to noise and sensor accuracy, and there are control challenges involved with achieving various capabilities beyond navigation. This paper addresses these issues by developing a complete system from the ground up, addressing the attitude stabilization problem using extensive filtering and an attitude estimation filter recently developed in the literature. Navigation in both indoor and outdoor environments is achieved using a visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm that relies on an onboard monocular camera. The system utilizes nested controllers for attitude stabilization, vision-based navigation, and guidance, with the navigation controller implemented using a nonlinear controller based on the sigmoid function. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated by maintaining a stable hover even in the presence of wind gusts and when manually hitting and pulling on the quadrotor. Precision landing on inclined surfaces is demonstrated as an example of an aggressive maneuver, and is performed using only onboard sensing. Aerial gripping is accomplished with the addition of a secondary camera, capable of detecting infrared light sources, which is used to estimate the 3D location of an object, while an under-actuated and passively compliant manipulator is designed for effective gripping under uncertainty. The quadrotor is therefore able to autonomously navigate inside and outside, in the presence of disturbances, and perform tasks such as aggressively landing on inclined surfaces and locating and grasping an object, using only inexpensive, onboard sensors.
Solid-State NMR Study of the Charge-Transfer Complex between Ubiquinone-8 and Disulfide Bond Generating Membrane Protein DsbB

Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) plays an important role in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and also acts as an antioxidant in its reduced form, protecting cellular membranes from peroxidation. De novo ...
Vincent Pouliot, International Security in Practice: The Politics of NATO-Russia Diplomacy

Vincent Pouliot (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), Pp.306, £17.99. Pb. ISBN 978-0-521-12203-0 In Vincent Pouliot's new book, the author uses a sociological/constructivist approach to ex...
Does quantum probability predict frequency

In probability theory an event is characterized by a set of outcomes. The probability of an event is a prediction of the relative frequency of the outcomes that lie in the set, when the experiment is repeated independently. In quantum mechanics an event is identified with a closed subspace of Hilbert space. Do the probabilities of quantum events predict relative frequencies in the same way? The famous analysis of Bell shows that this cannot happen in general, for all quantum events. Nevertheless the probabilities must predict something, and if not relative frequencies then what? There are several answers to the question of how to interpret quantum probabilities as relative frequencies, but they all involve restrictions on the events that are considered. This article surveys three such interpretations, which correspond to three possible choices: measured events, macroscopic events, and position events. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 65: 389–398, 1997
Periapical Implant Pathology

Periapical implant pathology, a distinct dental lesion, is the coalescence of adjacent periapical pathology with the apical segment of a dental implant that results in a common lesion. I present four cases to document two proposed case types: type 1, implant to tooth, which occurs during osteotomy preparation either by direct trauma or through indirect damage and causes adjacent pulp to undergo devitalization; and type 2, tooth to implant, which occurs shortly after placement of the implant when an adjacent tooth develops periapical pathology, either by operative damage to the pulp or through reactivation of a prior apical lesion. In both types, the resulting periapical pathology contaminates the fixture and inhibits osseointegration of the implant during stage 1 healing. These two case types are presented to help clarify the use of etiology as the basis of a classification system.
Extinction and stabilization of a diffusion flame on a flat combustible surface with emphasis on thermal controlling mechanisms

Abstract The process of extinction and stabilization of a diffusion flame on a flat combustible surface in a mixed convective, oxidizing, gas flow parallel to the fuel surface is studied theoretically in detail and in a more simplified approach experimentally. The Navier-Stokes elliptic set of conservation equations, including finite rate kinetics, is solved numerically to analyse the structure of the flame near its leading edge and to calculate the extinction or stabilization distance as a function of the velocity and oxygen concentration of the gas flow. A global one-step chemical reaction is used to describe the chemical kinetic mechanisms. The analysis, therefore, emphasizes the thermo-physical mechanisms controlling the extinction process. The calculations are performed for a representative solid combustible (PMMA) and liquid fuel (heptane). The experiments are performed in a small scale combustion tunnel. The extinction distance for a Heptane flame, stabilized on a porous, vertical surface, is measu...
Ischemia with intermittent reperfusion reduces functional and morphologic damage following renal ischemia in the rat

Attempts to minimize ischemic injury by interrupting a given ischemic period might be compromised if repeated bouts of reperfusion injury occurred. To determine whether intermittent ischemia improved or worsened functional and morphologic outcome of renal ischemia, halothaneanesthetized rats underwent a right nephrectomy and placement of a snare about the left renal vascular pedicle at 37° C. Eleven animals underwent 45 minutes of continuous renal ischemia (C-ISC), whereas 10 animals received 45 minutes of vessel occlusion interrupted (I-ISC) at 15 and 30 minutes by snare release and 5 minutes of reperfusion. A group of three sham rats underwent the above procedure but did not have the snare tightened. Blood samples were drawn preoperatively and 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively for creatinine analysis. At 72 hours the animals were sacrificed and their kidneys morphologically evaluated. The C-ISC group had a significantly higher mean postoperative plasma creatinine (p<0.01) as well as significantly higher plasma creatinine levels at 24 (p<0.005) and 48 hours (p<0.05) than did the I-ISC group. The C-ISC group also demonstrated significantly greater histologic damage than the I-ISC group (p<0.002) when assessed by a pathologist blinded to the intervention. Sham rats did not demonstrate functional or morphologic damage. These data demonstrate a significantly improved outcome when 45 minutes of renal ischemia is interrupted by periods of reperfusion. We are led to conclude that in this setting reperfusion injury did not overwhelm the salutary effects of interrupting the 45-minute ischemic event.
Nebalia kensleyi, a new species of leptostracan (Crustacea: Phyllocarida) from Tomales Bay, California

A new species of leptostracan, Nebalia kensleyi, is described from the coast of central California. It differs from other species of Nebalia most notably in the shape and color of the pigmented region of the eyes, armature of the antennule and antenna, extent that the carapace covers the abdominal somites, epimeron of pereonite 4, dentition of the protopod of the third and fourth pleopod, details of the pleonite border spination, and length of the terminal seta of the caudal furca.
Base composition and thermal denaturation of DNA isolated from Anaplasma marginale.

SummaryDNA, isolated by 2 methods from purified A. marginale, was found to possess average molar ratios of A/T and G/C of 1.9 and 2.65, respectively. There was also a lack of increase in hyperchromicity of isolated DNA in thermal denaturation studies. Attempts to isolate RNA or to detect U were unsuccessful.
Comparison of CALPUFF and ISCST3 models for predicting downwind odor and source emission rates

CALPUFF model and ISCST3 Gaussian dispersion models were evaluated for predicting downwind odor concentrations and back-calculating area source odor emission rates. The comparison between the predicted and field-sampled downwind concentrations indicates that the CALPUFF model could fairly well predict average downwind odor concentrations. However, ISCST3 tended to under predict downwind odor concentrations as compared to the measured concentrations. Both the CALPUFF and ISCST3 models failed to predict peak odor concentrations using the constant average emission rate. Odor emission rates obtained by back-calculating fluxes using CALPUFF and ISC models with the same field measurements of downwind odor concentrations are significantly different. It indicates that back-calculated emission rates are model specific. The modeled emission rates tended to be higher than flux chamber source sampling results. The flux chamber protocol may under-estimate odor emission rates.
Modal identification of simple structures with high-speed video using motion magnification

Abstract Video cameras offer the unique capability of collecting high density spatial data from a distant scene of interest. They can be employed as remote monitoring or inspection sensors for structures because of their commonplace availability, simplicity, and potentially low cost. An issue is that video data is difficult to interpret into a format familiar to engineers such as displacement. A methodology called motion magnification has been developed for visualizing exaggerated versions of small displacements with an extension of the methodology to obtain the optical flow to measure displacements. In this paper, these methods are extended to modal identification in structures and the measurement of structural vibrations. Camera-based measurements of displacement are compared against laser vibrometer and accelerometer measurements for verification. The methodology is demonstrated on simple structures, a cantilever beam and a pipe, to identify and visualize the operational deflection shapes. Suggestions for applications of this methodology and challenges in real-world implementation are given.
CATHEPTIC ENZYME ACTIVITY IN AGED COUNTRY‐STYLE HAMS AS INFLUENCED BY PRE‐CURING TREATMENT

Chemical composition and catheptic activity were determined in fresh chilled hams and four lots of cured hams subjected to different pre-curing treatments. Hams were sampled after aging (storage) of 2, 4 and 6 months at 29 °C. Moisture decreased, while protein, salt and free amino acid concentrations increased with aging time of cured hams, but treatment effects were similar. Frozen, thawed cured hams aged for 2 months exhibited the highest specific enzyme activity but decreased in enzyme activity after 4 and 6 months of aging. Free amino acid concentration after aging was higher in hams frozen 1–3 yr (X= 2.3) at −29 °C than for those frozen 0 or 2 days.
O04.4 Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 United States, 1999–2010

Background Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are common infections with serious sequelae. HSV-1 is an increasingly important cause of genital herpes in industrialised countries, potentially due to less acquisition of HSV-1 during childhood or to changes in sexual behaviour. Methods Using nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), we examined change in seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 among 14–49 year olds in the United States. We compared seroprevalence in 1999–2004 with 2005–2010, and examined seroprevalence among 14–19 and 20–29 year-olds stratified by socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behaviours. We also reviewed HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence from 1976–1980 to 2005–2010. Results In 2005–2010, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 was 53.9%, and the seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 15.7%. From 1999–2004 to 2005–2010, HSV-1 seroprevalence declined by nearly 7% (P Conclusions An increasing number of adolescents lack HSV-1 antibodies at sexual debut and are susceptible to genital HSV-1 infection. In the absence of declines in HSV-2 infections, the prevalence of genital herpes may increase.
Evaluating Regional Policy in Yugoslavia, 1966–1990

This paper measures the redistribution of financial and physical resources to different regions is Yugoslavia that arise from tax exemptions, interest-rate subsidies, and price distortions. Despite, or perhaps because of the lower marginal productivity of capital in less-developed regions, the result of policies adopted between 1966 and 1990 has been a substantial net flow to these regions. To equalize the marginal product of capital across regions in 1972, a one-time transfer of 45% of the capital stock from the less-developed regions would have been required. Yet the appropriate regional policy to realize this objective was not fully adopted by Yugoslav leaders.
Teaching Science with Web-Based Inquiry Projects: An Exploratory Investigation

The purpose of this research is to explore a new computer-based interactive learning approach to assess the impact on student learning and attitudes toward science in a large university ecology classroom. A comparison was done with an established program to measure the relative impact of the new approach. The first inquiry project, BearCam, gives learners the freedom to navigate bear images and videos online to complete a scientific report. The new program, Virtual Ecological Inquiry (VEI), is based in the Second-Life platform and allows students to create an avatar and explore the Wolong Nature Reserve, collecting plant and environmental data in virtual form. Both inquiry projects show potential to engage learners and promote the acquisition of investigative practices and processes within inquiry. Inquiry assessment methods and changes to the VEI program are shared.