cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Further Validation of the Ford Human Body FE Model and Use of the Model to Investigate the Effects of Shoulder Belt Force Limiting of 3-Point and 4-Point Restraints in Frontal Impact

Ford Motor Company human body FE model was validated against 3-point & 4-point belted PMHS tests in frontal impact and PMHS knee impact. The chest deflection, chest acceleration, and belt force in frontal impact simulations were compared with the PMHS test data, while the impact force, femur acceleration, pelvis acceleration, and sacrum acceleration of the knee impact simulations were compared with the respective corridors from PMHS tests. The model used represents a 50th percentile adult male. It was used to study the effects of shoulder belt force limit on 3-point and 4-point restrained occupants in frontal impacts without airbags. A 25 g pulse and a shoulder belt load limit of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kN were used for the 3-point and 4-point restraint systems with a rigid steering wheel, front header, and windshield of a stiffer larger vehicle structure. The results showed that the head acceleration and the chest deflection of the 4-point belt system are less than the respective cases of the 3-point system while the chest acceleration levels were about the same in 3-point and 4-point belt. The mid-shaft femur forces were always higher in the 4-point belt than those of the 3-point belt.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Model Based Data Transmission: Analysis of Link Budget Requirement Reduction

Communications capability can be a significant constraint on the utility of a spacecraft. While conventionally enhanced through the use of a larger transmitting or receiving antenna or through augmenting transmission power, communications capability can also be enhanced via incorporating more data in every unit of transmission. Model Based Transmission Reduction (MBTR) increases the mission utility of spacecraft via sending higher-level messages which rely on preshared (or, in some cases, co-transmitted) data. Because of this a priori knowledge, the amount of information contained in a MBTR message significantly exceeds the amount the amount of information in a conventional message. MBTR has multiple levels of operation; the lowest, Model Based Data Transmission (MBDT), utilizes a pre-shared lower-resolution data frame, which is augmented in areas of significant discrepancy with data from the higher-resolution source. MBDT is examined, in detail, herein and several approaches to minimizing the required bandwidth for conveying data required to conform to a minimum level of accuracy are considered. Also considered are ways of minimizing transmission requirements when both a model and change data required to attain a desired minimum discrepancy threshold must be transmitted. These possible solutions are compared to alternate transmission techniques including several forms of image compression.
Close encounters of the ‘CA’ kind: a review of literature analysing talk in research interviews

Findings from ethnonmethodological (EM) and conversation analytic (CA) studies have contributed significantly to an understanding of how social order is produced on a moment-by-moment basis. Recent...
Preparation of Allenoyltrmethylsilanes

Abstract Dehydrochlorination of 3-chloro-2- or -3-alkenoyltrimethylsilanes with DBU affords the parent 2,3-butadienoyltrimethylsilane, as well as 4-monoalkyl- and 4,4-dialkyl homologues.
PACAP protects against TNFα-induced cell death in olfactory epithelium and olfactory placodal cell lines

In mouse olfactory epithelium (OE), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) protects against axotomy-induced apoptosis. We used mouse OE to determine whether PACAP protects neurons during exposure to the inflammatory cytokine TNFα. Live slices of neonatal mouse OE were treated with 40 ng/ml TNFα ± 40nM PACAP for 6h and dying cells were live-labeled with 0.5% propidium iodide. TNFα significantly increased the percentage of dying cells while co-incubation with PACAP prevented cell death. PACAP also prevented TNFα-mediated cell death in the olfactory placodal (OP) cell lines, OP6 and OP27. Although OP cell lines express all three PACAP receptors (PAC1, VPAC1,VPAC2), PACAP's protection of these cells from TNFα was mimicked by the specific PAC1 receptor agonist maxadilan and abolished by the PAC1 antagonist PACAP6-38. Treatment of OP cell lines with blockers or activators of the PLC and AC/MAPKK pathways revealed that PACAP-mediated protection from TNFα involved both pathways. PACAP may therefore function through PAC1 receptors to protect neurons from cell death during inflammatory cytokine release in vivo as would occur upon viral infection or allergic rhinitis-associated injury.
Genes that control neuromuscular specificity in Drosophila

In each abdominal hemisegment of the Drosophila embryo, an array of 30 muscle fibers is innervated by about 34 motoneurons in a highly stereotyped and cell-specific fashion. To begin to elucidate the molecular basis of neural specificity in this system, we conducted a genetic screen for mutations affecting neuromuscular connectivity. We focus on 5 genes required for specific aspects of pathway (beaten path, stranded, and short stop) and target (walkabout and clueless) recognition. The different classes of mutant phenotypes suggest that neural specificity is controlled by a hierarchy of molecular mechanisms: motoneurons are guided toward the correct region of mesoderm, in many cases navigating a series of choice points along the way; they then display an affinity for a particular domain of neighboring muscles; and finally, they recognize their specific muscle target from within this domain.
Perceived Situational Moderators of the Relationship between Role Ambiguity, Job Satisfaction, and Effectiveness

Summary The moderating effect of situational factors on the relationship between role ambiguity, job satisfaction, and effectiveness was tested in a sample of 138 nurses. Results indicated that the negative relationships generally reported between role ambiguity, satisfaction, and effectiveness were less substantial for individuals who perceived higher levels of interdepartmental information flow, decision making involvement, and teamwork in their units. It is suggested that variations in organizational structure may be an important strategy for reducing the negative impact of role ambiguity.
Validation analysis of mirror descent stochastic approximation method

The main goal of this paper is to develop accuracy estimates for stochastic programming problems by employing stochastic approximation (SA) type algorithms. To this end we show that while running a Mirror Descent Stochastic Approximation procedure one can compute, with a small additional effort, lower and upper statistical bounds for the optimal objective value. We demonstrate that for a certain class of convex stochastic programs these bounds are comparable in quality with similar bounds computed by the sample average approximation method, while their computational cost is considerably smaller.
Vibrational dynamics in isotopically substituted vitreous Ge O 2

We report the polarized Raman spectra of vitreous Ge $^{16}\mathrm{O}_{2}$, Ge $^{18}\mathrm{O}_{2}$, $^{70}\mathrm{Ge}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, and $^{74}\mathrm{Ge}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. This yields the $^{16}\mathrm{O}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$^{18}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{70}\mathrm{Ge}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$^{74}\mathrm{Ge}$ isotopic shifts for nearly all vibrational modes of the pure glassy material. The shifts of the broad high-frequency (infrared-active) modes are as predicted by a nearest-neighbor central-force ideal continuous---random-network model. The shift of the broad dominant Raman line indicates a small but significant dependence on the Ge mass, and this suggests an effect of disorder not included in the central-force theory. The narrow "defect" line at 530 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ appears to be all oxygen motion, and is tentatively identified with a regular ring of bonds. The narrow line at 345 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is unique in that it exhibits very little oxygen shift; it seems to consist largely of Ge motion, for which we have no firm explanation.
Evidence for a glutamatergic pathway from the guinea pig auditory cortex to the inferior colliculus.

We attempt to provide evidence that the projection from the guinea pig auditory cortex (AC) to the inferior colliculus (IC) may contain glutamatergic or GABAergic fibers. Seven days after unilateral AC aspiration, histological studies indicated almost complete AC destruction and preterminal degeneration of fibers and terminal fields in the dorsal cortex (DCIC), external cortex (ECIC), and central nucleus (CNIC) of the IC ipsilateral to the ablated AC. Contralaterally, degeneration appeared in the DCIC. AC ablation depressed the electrically evoked Ca 2+ -dependent release of D-[ 3 H]aspartate (D-[ 3 H]Asp) in the ipsilateral DCIC, ECIC, and CNIC, and D-[ 3 H]Asp uptake in the CNIC. Together with other evidence that the corticocollicular pathway is excitatory, these findings suggest that this projection may contain glutamatergic and/or aspartatergic (Glu/Asp-ergic) fibers. Glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity was not apparent in presumed pyramidal cells of layer V of the AC retrogradely labeled with biotinylated dextran injected into the ipsilateral IC. Thus, corticocollicular neurons probably do not synthesize GABA and may not be GABAergic. However, AC ablation depressed [ 14 C]GABA release from the ipsilateral DCIC and ECIC, and [ 14 C]GABA uptake in the DCIC. These findings are consistent with the atrophy or down-regulation of some subcortical neurons that mediate GABAergic transmission in the IC.
Long-Term Residual Musculoskeletal Deficits after Femoral Shaft Fractures Treated with Intramedullary Nailing

BackgroundLocked intramedullary (IM) nailing has been recognized as one of the most reliable methods for treatment of femoral shaft fractures. Although IM nails are routinely used in the treatment of these fractures, the long-term effects of retained IM nails are unknown.MethodsSeventeen patients wi
Nanoscale Conducting Channels at the Surface of Organic Semiconductors Formed by Decoration of Molecular Steps with Self‐Assembled Molecules

Under certain conditions, self-assembling molecules preferentially bind to molecular steps at the surface of crystalline organic semiconductors, inducing a strong local doping effect. This creates macroscopically long conducting paths of nanoscale width (a single crystalline analogue of organic nanowires) that can span distances of up to 1 cm between electrical contacts. The observed effect of molecular step decoration opens intriguing possibilities for visualization, passivation, and selective doping of surface and interfacial defects in organic electronic devices and provides a novel system for research on nanoscale charge transport in organic semiconductors. In addition, this effect sheds light on the microscopic origin of nucleation and growth of self-assembled monolayers at organic surfaces. It can also have implications in electronic patterning, nanoscale chemical sensors, integrated interconnects and charge-transfer interfaces in organic transistors and solar cells.
EGFL7: a unique angiogenic signaling factor in vascular development and disease

EGFL7 is a secreted angiogenic factor that is highly conserved in vertebrates. Most secreted angiogenic signaling molecules, including VEGF and fibroblast growth factor-2, are mainly expressed by nonendothelial cell types such as fibroblasts. In contrast, EGFL7 is unique because it is almost exclusively expressed by and acts on endothelial cells. Egfl7 expression is highest when the endothelium is in an active, proliferating state. This factor acts as a chemoattractant for endothelial cells and binds to components of the extracellular matrix. In vivo, Egfl7 is important for regulating tubulogenesis in zebrafish and for controlling vascular patterning and integrity in mice. Its function in blood vessel development is mediated, at least in part, through modulation of Notch signaling. In this review, we summarize the findings that support a role for Egfl7 in developmental and postnatal angiogenesis and describe the EGFL7-signaling pathways that underlie these processes. In addition, we discuss a potential role for EGFL7 in vascular repair and its possible use as a therapeutic target for treatment of hypoxia-induced injury. Finally, we consider EGFL7 action during tumorigenesis and its potential as an antiangiogenic agent.
Video display terminal worker safety ordinance, San Francisco, California, USA

Abstract The City of San Francisco, Colifornia, has passed an ordinance to regulate the ergonomic design of Visual Display Terminal (VDT) operator workplaces. The following summary briefly describes its genesis, outlines the nature and extent of its provisions, and comments on its quality and impact. Even though lacking in specificity and uneven in coverage, it is the only extant VDT ergonomics regulation in the US, and represents an interesting test of the workability of such ordinances.
Characterization of the adipocyte cellular lineage in vivo

Adipocytes have been suggested to arise from prospective progenitors of endothelial or haematopoietic origin. Rodeheffer and colleagues use lineage tracing to rule out that this is the case for white adipocytes, and show that they instead arise from CD24+ cells that are characterized by the expression of PdgfR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor).
Ectopia cordis, a successful single stage thoracoabdominal repair

This is a report of a case of the rare ectopia cordis malformation of the thoracoabdominal type without intracardiac anomalies. The patient had a successful single stage repair with reduction of the herniating heart and reconstruction of a cartilaginous cover to protect the heart. The result was very good and the follow up for 13 months was very satisfactory.
Lysophosphatidylcholine is Generated by Spontaneous Deacylation of Oxidized Phospholipids

Elevated levels of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), present in oxidatively damaged low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), are implicated in cardiovascular complications. LysoPC is generated by free radi...
Low speed wind tunnel investigation of the flow about delta wing, oscillating in pitch to very high angle of attack

Six-component airload histories were obtained for models of aspect ratio 1, 1.5, and 2. Examples are given from data obtained over a range of 'reduced frequency' parameters from 0.01 to 0.08. They include the unsteady response of the leading-edge vortices, as evidenced both by the time-dependent airloads and motion pictures of smoke released from the leading edge and illuminated by a thin sheet of laser light.
Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) and Ni(II) complexes of maleic hydrazide

Abstract The binding of 3d transition metals to maleic hydrazide (3,6-dihydroxypyridazine) has been investigated. Cobalt(II), copper(II), manganese(II) and nickel(II) complexes of maleic hydrazide have been prepared, crystallized and studied by various spectroscopic techniques. X-ray crystallographic structures of ML2·nH2O complexes with all four metal ions have been obtained. In all of the complexes two maleic hydrazides bind as unidentate ligands. Water molecules occupy the remaining coordination sites. In the cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes, which are isomorphous, the ligand binds through a single ligand nitrogen atom whereas in the manganese(II) and copper(II) complexes the ligand binds through a ligand oxygen atom. The metal ions all have six coordinate octahedral geometries except the copper(II) complex which has a five-coordinate square pyramidal geometry.
Testing the amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease in vivo.

In the current issue, Rinne and colleagues1 report something of a breakthrough by demonstrating the feasibility of eventually testing the “amyloid hypothesis” of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease in vivo. According to their analysis, a passive immunotherapy protocol employing an anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody (bapineuzumab) was associated with a diminution in the cerebral positron emisson tomography (PET) signal following administration of the amyloid plaque imaging compound [11C]Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) (Figure 1). Heretofore, no one has shown any change in PiB signal over time, and the interpretation favored by the authors is that the new results indicate that bapineuzumab has promoted the clearance of cerebral Aβ. This is a logical deduction extrapolating from the dramatic changes in cerebral amyloid burden that have been consistently demonstrated in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice following either active or passive immunotherapy2. While it is conceivable that some other explanation exists (e.g., perhaps bapineuzumab-coated Aβ binds PiB poorly), the authors’ conclusion is the most parsimonious when one considers the postmortem studies of Nicoll and colleagues3 showing surprisingly low plaque density in the cerebral cortex of subjects in an earlier active immunization trial.
Cost - Effectiveness of Prophylactic AZT Following Neediestick Injury in Health Care Workers:

In response to health care workers' concerns about contracting infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the workplace, several institutions now offer prophylactic azido-deoxythymidine (AZT) for needlesticks sustained while exposed to HIV-infected pa tients. The authors designed a model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of AZT prophylaxis. If AZT were 100% effective, prophylaxis would cost $2,388 per life-year gained and $66,876 per life saved using a societal perspective. For each $100 increase in the cost of AZT, the cost per life-year saved increased $1,190. Reducing the efficacy of AZT to 75, 50, and 25% raised the costs per life-year gained to $3,184, $4,775, and $9,551, respectively If AZT were given for all needlesticks without regard to the HIV status of the source, the costs of prophylaxis would rise substantially. It is concluded that AZT, if moderately effective, can be cost-effective as a prophylactic agent but only if used in instances where the source is known to have an HIV ...
Liver disease in recipients of long-functioning renalallografts

Liver disease in recipients of long-functioning renal allografts. After noting that hepatic failure was the leading cause of death in our transplant recipients whose renal allografts had functioned for more than five years, we reviewed retrospectively the post-transplant course of these patients to assess the long-term effect of liver disease in this population. Sufficient data was available to evaluate 184 of 217 long-term survivors (85%). Twenty-six patients (14%) experienced a doubling of SGOT and/or SGPT of greater than six months' duration and were defined as having chronic liver disease. The etiology of chronic liver disease was identified in 14 patients (54%), of whom 11 were HBsAg positive. Evidence of chronic hepatitis developed in only six of 26 patients (22%) during the first four years post transplant. Once enzyme abnormalities occurred, they were unremitting until death or end of the study in 73% of patients. Actuarial survival of patients with chronic liver disease was markedly decreased compared to long-surviving transplanted controls. Ten of the 12 deaths in patients with hepatocellular abnormalities were due to hepatic failure, of which eight occurred in the setting of extrahepatic sepsis. Chronic liver disease is a late complication of transplantation and is associated with significant mortality due to an increased susceptibility to overwhelming sepsis.
Nicotine-1′-oxide: A metabolite of nicotine in animal tissues

Abstract Incubation of nicotine with an enzymatic rabbit liver preparation showed the formation of a new nicotine metabolite, nicotine-1′-oxide. This metabolite was isolated by chromatographic procedures and characterized by physical, chemical, and radioisotopic methods. A simple chemical procedure for the preparation of nicotine-1′-oxide in crystalline form is also described.
The status quo of situation-specific theories

The purpose of this article is to explore the status quo of situation-specific theories through an integrated literature review on situation-specific theories that have been published since 1999. The literature was searched through multiple databases including PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO and analyzed in terms of purpose of theorizing, types of theorizing, sources of theorizing, and linkages to research or practice. Four themes reflecting the current status of situation-specific theories were extracted: (a) explicitly claimed and not explicitly claimed situation-specific theories; (b) multiple philosophical bases; (c) unique theorizing process; and (d) providing clear directions for nursing interventions but rarely evaluated. Nurses need to continuously make their efforts to develop theoretical bases that could closely link theory, research, and practice in nursing and that could adequately serve new nursing needs and challenges.
Sex Differences in Achievement/Career Motivation of Iranian Boys and Girls.

The relationships of early socialization, socioeconomic status (SES), religion, community discrimination, and community resources (all as possible predictor variables) to achievement/career motivation (the criterion variables) for 200 Iranian high school senior girls and boys were studied. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify how much variance was accounted for by each predictor variable. In addition, a discriminant function analysis based on four linear combinations of the predictors for high and low SES, and for males and females, was performed to identify the best and strongest predictors. Through content analysis of the projective protocols representing achievement motivation, no significant achieving imagery was found for these Iranian subjects. The measure did, however, provoke imagery indicative of the subjects' preoccupation with marriage and/or affiliation with the opposite sex. Consistent with research findings in the United States, Iranian females scored lower in career motivation and expressed less belief in sex discriminatory myths than did males. The upper SES subjects of both sexes showed a higher level of career aspiration, and perceived more community resources for their careers, than did the lower SES groups. Sex, SES, community discrimination, and heterosexual interest contributed more heavily than the other predictors in predicting the variance of career motivation. Possible implications of the results for improving Iranian women's achievement/career motivation are discussed. A need for a more cross-culturally appropriate measure of achievement motivation is suggested.
Changes in logging injury rates associated with use of feller-bunchers in West Virginia.

Abstract Problem: It is well documented that logging is one of the most dangerous occupations and industries in which to work, and trees fellers are at greatest risk of injury. The objective of this study was to determine whether West Virginia (WV) logging companies experienced a reduction in injuries after beginning to use feller-bunchers (tree cutting machines, which replace some of the work done with a chainsaw) during harvesting operations. Methods: WV workers compensation claims and employment data from 1995 to 2000 were used to calculate injury rates. Injury trends in the rest of the WV logging industry, not using feller-bunchers, were also assessed. Results: For 11 companies, the pre-feller-buncher injury claims rate was 19.4 per 100 workers and the post-feller-buncher rate was 5.2 per 100 workers. This was a significant difference, with an adjusted rate ratio of 2.8 (95% CI: 1.8–4.5) of pre to post claims. Struck by injuries also showed significant decline, with the pre-feller-buncher injury rate being 3.8 (95% CI: 1.8–8.2) times as great as post-feller-buncher rate. During the time of the study, the injury rate rose in the rest of the WV logging industry. The average cost of a workers compensation claim in the WV logging industry during the time of the study was approximately $10,400. Impact on industry: As mechanization of logging tasks becomes more widespread, the WV logging industry as a whole may see substantial injury declines and a reduction in the total cost of injury claims. Struck by injuries, the most common and potentially fatal of logging injury types, appear to be particularly affected. However, logging operations in areas of very steep terrain where it is not possible to use these machines may need to rely on strategies other than feller-bunchers to reduce injuries.
Regulation of hypoxic gene expression in yeast.

Regulation of hypoxic gene expression in yeast. Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , can adapt to growth under severe oxygen limitation. Two regulatory systems are described here that control this adaptation. The first involves a heme-dependent repression mechanism. Cells sense hypoxia through the inability to maintain oxygen-dependent heme biosynthesis. Under aerobic conditions, heme accumulates and serves as an effector for the transcriptional activator Hapl. The heme-Hapl complex activates transcription of the ROX1 gene that encodes a repressor of one set of hypoxic genes. Under hypoxic conditions, heme levels fall, and a heme-deficient Hapl complex represses ROX1 expression. As a consequence, the hypoxic genes are derepressed. The second regulatory system activates gene expression in response to a variety of stress conditions, including oxygen limitation. Oxygen sensing in this system is heme-independent. The same DNA sequence mediates transcriptional activation of each stress signal
Promoting Healthy Competition Using Modified Rules and Sports from Other Cultures

A great controversy around the concept of competition exists, not only among researchers but also among teachers, parents, and even the participants themselves. An overemphasis on competitive sports and unhealthy competition has overshadowed the positive benefits of sport participation, including character and moral development and self-improvement, which are traditionally associated with competition. An increasing number of educators argue that collaborative skills, rather than competitive skills, are more essential in today's society. Cooperative learning is promoted as a suitable approach to prepare students for the demands of the 21st century. On the other hand, there are those who believe competition is a big part of adult life in any culture and that it should therefore be incorporated into the educational system. This article looks at the original meaning of “competition” and how it has evolved to the present day. It presents ideas for modifying rules and implementing activities from other cultures...
Optimum fully cavitated hydrofoils at zero cavitation number.

Optimum fully cavitated hydrofoils having analytic profiles, which have either minimum drag for a given lift or maximum lift for a given drag, are investigated. The case of zero cavitation number is considered using the conformal mapping procedure of Levi-Civita, a method ideally suited for the optimization process. The results indicate that profiles with maximum lift for a given drag do not exist, whereas profiles with minimum drag for a given lift exist, but are not unique. The latter optimal profiles have zero drag. It is found further that these profiles have wetted pressures that are not everywhere greater than the cavity pressure or, in this case, greater than the freestream pressure. If the latter condition is imposed a a constraint, it is found that optimum profiles cease to exist. The optimum profiles as found on the other hand, have a significance as ventilated profiles where one has realistic cavitatio pressures (much less than the freestream pressures), but where the cavity pressure lias bee increased artificially to the freestream value by mass addition. Three examples have beei calculated, and the resulting profile shape, the wetted pressure distribution, and the cavity streamlines are given. Lastly, a modification of the Levi-Civita method is indicated for application to nonzero cavitation numbers.
Mechanisms of immunization against cancer using chimeric antigens.

Successful approaches to tumor immunotherapy must overcome the physiological state of tolerance of the immune system to self-tumor antigens. Immunization with appropriate variants of syngeneic antigens can achieve this. However, improvements in vaccine design are needed for efficient cancer immunotherapy. Here we explore nine different chimeric vaccine designs, in which the antigen of interest is expressed as an in-frame fusion with polypeptides that impact antigen processing or presentation. In DNA immunization experiments in mice, three of nine fusions elevated relevant CD8+ T-cell responses and tumor protection relative to an unfused melanoma antigen. These fusions were: Escherichia coli outer membrane protein A (OmpA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, and VP22 protein of herpes simplex virus-1. The gains of immunogenicity conferred by the latter two are independent of epitope presentation by major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II). This finding has positive implications for immunotherapy in individuals with CD4+ T-cell deficiencies. We present evidence that antigen instability is not a sine qua non condition for immunogenicity. Experiments using two additional melanoma antigens identified different optimal fusion partners, thereby indicating that the benefits of fusion vectors remain antigen specific. Therefore large fusion vector panels such as those presented here can provide information to promote the successful advancement of gene-based vaccines.
An Implementation of Intellignt Energy Saving System

This study was constructed an intelligent energy saving system that based on the components of Zigbee. We proposed a modular design to adapt various utilized environments, such as the lighting, air condition, office automation devices etc. We also implemented a networking monitoring system with wireless sensor network (WSN) technology simultaneously. We integrated the collected information which from different sensors in a monitoring environment with WSN and provided the necessary control motion to produce an efficient power usage condition with the recorded database concurrently.
Micro-magnetic susceptometer for the actinides

A D.C. magnetic susceptometer incorporating a SQUID as a magnetic flux sensor has been constructed with sensitivity to measure the magnetic susceptibility of submicrogram actinide samples as a function of temperature. For a two microgram actinide sample the minimum measurable dimensionless susceptibility is approximately 10/sup -7/ CGS in a 2000 gauss field. The sensitivity has been determined in a series of calibration experiments using samples of lead spheres at 4.2/sup 0/K. Pick-up coils insensitive to changes in spatially uniform fields and fields with a constant first derivative were used to reduce noise. The field was trapped in a niobium cylinder to produce a uniform stable applied field. The flux produced by the sample in the pick-up coils is proportional to the magnetic susceptivility of the sample and is a function of the sample position.
Effect of cold on metaphase cells. Extended generation times and aberrant cytokineses.

Abstract When mitotic populations of CHO cells were stored at 0 °C, the generation times of the subsequent cell cycle were extended in the amount of 0.2 h for each hour in the cold. The major part of this extension in generation time reflects a lengthening of the G1 phase of the cycle. Increasing length of cold storage also resulted in an increasing proportion of the cells showing cytological abnormalities. These were usually expressed by fusion of the daughters at the zero-th division to give giant cells and extension of such difficulties to subsequent divisions e.g., division into 3 or 4 cells. There is a high probability that the cells exhibiting such abnormal symptoms did not give rise to viable colonies. Caution must be observed when using accumulated mitotic shake populations in experiments to measure the temporal sequence of metabolic events in the cell cycle.
The Zeolite Cage Structure

Zeolites are typically aluminosilicates whose framework structures have pores of molecular dimensions. They are widely used as ion exchangers and sorbents and in hydrocarbons conversion catalysis and separations. Recent zeolite research has focused on widening the scope of synthetic procedures, on further exploiting zeolites in commercial processes, and on applying modern characterization techniques to unraveling the complexities of zeolite structural properties.
REINVESTIGATION OF THE PHOTOPHYSICS OF 2-(2′-HYDROXY-4′-DIETHYLAMINOPHENYL)BENZOTHIAZOLE

— The photophysical properties of 2-(2′-hydroxy-4′-diethylaminophenyl) benzothiazole (HABT) have been investigated by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies. In n-heptane HABT exhibits both normal and tautomer emissions with ∼equal fluorescence intensity at room temperature, in contrast to a previous report in which negligible tautomer emission was observed. The normal/tautomer (400/500 nm) ratio of emission intensity increases as the temperature decreases. Two possible excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanisms are proposed, which cannot be resolved at the present stage. One proposed mechanism incorporates state mixing between -OH and -N(C2H5)2 charge transfer states, resulting in a significant energy barrier for ESIPT. An alternative mechanism is also proposed in which fast proton tunneling may take place between enol and keto forms, which are in equilibrium in the excited singlet state.
The effect of traumatic brain injury on sustained attention and working memory

Primary objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate working memory (WM) and sustained attention (SA) following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).Research design: The study was a quasi-experimental design with two dependent measures.Methods and procedures: Nine individuals with severe TBI and nine non-injured controls completed two visual tasks containing alphabetic stimuli: a WM task (2-back task) and a 10-minute SA task.Main outcomes and results: Participants with TBI had lower hit rates and higher false alarm rates than controls on the WM task. Quantitative analysis of the group data did not reveal a differential deficit in SA; however, post-hoc qualitative visual analysis of individual data revealed considerable variability in four participants with TBI, indicating evidence of impaired SA in select individuals. The hit rates for both tasks were positively correlated, supporting the contention that WM and SA are inter-related.Conclusions: This study provides further evidence of WM deficits followi...
Endoparasites of the Eastern Narrowmouth Toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis (Anura: Microhylidae), from Northwestern Louisiana and Northeastern Texas, U.S.A.

Abstract Three new distributional records and a new host record are reported for protozoan and nematode parasites of the eastern narrowmouth toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis, from northwestern Louisiana and northeastern Texas, U.S.A. Nine of 24 (38%) G. carolinensis harbored 1 or more of 3 parasite species, including 1 (4%) with the myxozoan, Myxidium serotinum, 9 (38%) with the opalinid, Protoopalina allisteri, and 4 (14%) with the nematode, Cosmocercoides variabilis. A new host record is documented for M. serotinum, new geographic records for Louisiana and Texas are reported for P. allisteri, and a new geographic record for Louisiana is reported for C. variabilis.
Tube-in-a-tube anterolateral thigh flap for reconstruction of a complex esophageal and anterior neck defect

Restoration of a functional digestive track along with acceptable external neck coverage traditionally requires 2 separate flaps. We present a case of a 65-year-old man with a large cervical and esophageal defect treated successfully with a single anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap. This patient had been treated with primary chemoradiation for laryngeal cancer, and subsequently, developed a severe esophageal stricture. He had undergone prior multiple attempts at reconstruction with a pectoralis major, radial forearm, and deltopectoral flaps, skin grafts, and gastric pull-up, which had all failed. We used an ALT free flap that was designed in a "tube-in-a-tube" fashion to simultaneously reconstruct the cervical esophagus while resurfacing the anterior neck. The patient successfully restarted a liquid diet on the 19th postoperative day. Tube-in-a-tube ALT flap design is a reliable and efficient way to concurrently restore esophageal continuity and provide anterior neck coverage in a single-stage procedure.
Leakage Current Reduction in a Single-Phase Bidirectional AC–DC Full-Bridge Inverter

The leakage current in grid-interface converter systems presents a considerable issue in regard to safety and efficiency. The full-bridge inverter is a well-accepted topology in single-phase power conversion applications. The high-frequency pulsewidth modulation (PWM) modulation schemes are normally applied to the full-bridge topology for smaller ac filter size, which, however, generates a high-frequency dc-side leakage current, resulting in an enormous negative impact on dc components, such as photovoltaic panels and energy storage elements. In this paper, a modified full-bridge inverter topology to reduce the dc-side leakage current as well as to mitigate the ac-side common-mode electromagnetic interference noise is presented. Several considerations are discussed, such as the PWM modulation and filter design. Compared to the other existing methods, the proposed solution provides a reliable performance for bidirectional operation, minimum additional components, low cost, and a simple design process.
Nonlinear programming without differentiability in banach spaces: necessary and sufficient constraint qualification

The problem under consideration is a maximization problem over a constraint set defined by a finite number of inequality and equality constraints over an arbitrary set in a reflexive Banach space. A generalization of the Kuhn-Tucker necessary conditions is developed where neither the objective function nor the constraint functions are required to be differentiable. A new constraint qualification is imposed in order to validate the optimality criteria. It is shown that this qualification is the weakest possible in the sense that it is necessary for the optimality criteria to hold at the point under investigation for all families of objective functions having a constrained local maximum at this point
Alterations of p53 and Bcl-2 protein expression in the laryngeal intraepithelial neoplasia.

BACKGROUND: The squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (SCC) is a common head and neck malignancy. I hypothesize that the development of laryngeal intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN) involves alterations of tumor suppressor genes (p53) and protooncogenes (Bcl-2). METHODS: To test this hypothesis, 40 vocal cord biopsy specimens were examined for p53 and Bcl-2 protein expression using immunoperoxidase staining methods and mouse monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: The lesions appeared as localized , flat or papillary areas with white (leukoplakic) red (erythroplakic), or gray appearance. Histologically, the lesions entailed variable associations of mild (LIN I), moderate (LIN II), sever dysplasia (LIN III or in situ carcinoma) and superficially invasive SCC. As compared to the normal mucosa, the average weighted immunoreactivity scores for p53 and Bcl-2 proteins showed significant upregulation with the transitions from LIN I to LIN II to LIN III to superficially invasive SCC , respectively (0.0± 0.0, 0.0± 0.0, 1.8 ± ...
Quantum Darwinism in an everyday environment: huge redundancy in scattered photons.

We study quantum Darwinism---the redundant recording of information about the preferred states of a decohering system by its environment---for an object illuminated by a blackbody. In the cases of point-source and isotropic illumination, we calculate the quantum mutual information between the object and its photon environment. We demonstrate that this realistic model exhibits fast and extensive proliferation of information about the object into the environment and results in redundancies orders of magnitude larger than the exactly soluble models considered to date.
Evaluation of few-view reconstruction parameters for illicit substance detection using fast-neutron transmission spectroscopy

We have evaluated the performance of an illicit substance detection system that performs image reconstruction using the maximum likelihood algebraic reconstruction algorithm, a few number of projections, and relatively coarse projection and pixel resolution. This evaluation was done using receiver operator curves and simulated data from the fast-neutron transmission spectroscopy system operated in a mode to detect explosives in luggage. The results show that increasing the number of projection angles is more important than increasing the projection resolution, the reconstructed pixel resolution, or the number of iterations in the maximum likelihood algorithm. A 100% detection efficiency with essentially no false positives is possible for a square block of RDX explosive, a projection resolution of 2 cm, a reconstructed pixel size of 2/spl times/2 cm, and five projection angles. For rectangular shaped explosives more angles are required to obtain the same system performance.
Testing as a Mental Discipline: Practical Methods for Affecting Developer Behavior

Testing is traditionally defined as "the execution of a program with the intent of finding errors."[1] This core definition, though useful, does not provide educators with an effective means to communicate either the goals or the value of software testing. "Testing and test design, as part of quality assurance, should also focus on bug prevention." [2] Similarly, the related mantra to "test, then code' has found a resonant home in the agile software development community (e.g., TDD: Test-Driven Development). [3]
Pi-mode structures - results and implications for operation

Pi-mode structures are the type chosen for high-energy synchrotrons and for medium- and high-beta accelerating superconducting structures. A coupled-circuit analysis, allowing for errors in cell frequencies and cell coupling constants, has been used to determine relative on-axis fields between cells, operating frequencies, end-cell tuning, relative on-axis field phase shifts and field tilts when operated off resonance. Formulae are given for the above information as well as specific examples to show sensitivities and machining/assembly/control tolerances.
Phase II Trial of Erlotinib in Gastroesophageal Junction and Gastric Adenocarcinomas: SWOG 0127

Purpose A phase II trial of the oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib in patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas stratified according to primary tumor location into two groups: gastroesophageal junction (GEJ)/cardia and distal gastric adenocarcinomas. Patients and Methods Patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the GEJ or stomach (ST) that was unresectable or metastatic; presence of measurable disease; no prior chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic cancer; Zubrod performance status (PS) of 0 to 1; and adequate renal, hepatic, and hematologic function were treated with erlotinib 150 mg/d orally. Patient characteristics were median age, GEJ—63 years, ST—64 years; sex, GEJ—84% male and 16% female, ST—60 male and 40 female; Zubrod PS, GEJ—25 had a PS of 0 and 18 had a PS 1, ST—13 had a PS of 0 and 12 had a PS of 1. Results Percentage of common toxicities were skin rash, 86% and 72%; fatigue, 51% and 44%; and AST/ALT elevation, 28% and 28%, respe...
Epitope‐Tagged Constructs of the Yeast Plasma‐Membrane H+‐ATPase

In this study, two different epitope tags (HA, c-myc) were introduced near the N terminus of the yeast PMA1 H(+)-ATPase. The resulting proteins were indistinguishable from the wild-type ATPase in their ability to travel through the secretory pathway, as judged by quantitative immunoblotting of isolated secretory vesicles. Furthermore, there were no significant abnormalities in ATPase activity (including K(m) for MgATP, Vmax, pH optimum, and IC50 for inhibition by vanadate) or in ATP-dependent proton pumping. Finally, the epitope-tagged ATPases could support normal growth and displayed the expected activation by glucose.
Quantitative surface wave method for measuring local viscoelasticity of lungs

Certain lung diseases, particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, are associated with altered lung mechanical properties. While adequate techniques exist to measure the lung functions, current methods only provide global measurements of lung stiffness. We have developed a novel surface wave method for noninvasively measuring the viscoelasticity of lungs. In this paper, three types of experiments were carried out on an ex vivo pig lung. The lung was pressurized through a connecting tube to its trachea. The first experiment measured the pressure-volume relation of the lung during the inspiration and expiration. The second experiment measured the surface wave speed of the lung at different pressures. The surface wave was generated by an electromechanical shaker, and the surface wave propagation on the lung surface was measured by a laser vibrometer. The third experiment measured the surface wave speed with an ultrasound linear array transducer.
Predicting social adjustment in middle childhood: The role of preschool attachment security and maternal style.

Children's social and emotional adjustment at age 8 were examined in relation to attachment security, parenting style, setting conditions, and social and emotional adjustment at age 4. Seventy-nine children participated in videotaped interaction sessions with their mothers and with unfamiliar peers at the two ages. Data were derived from videotape coding, mother questionnaires, and child sociometric ratings. Results indicted that internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and social engagement were related at the two ages. After removing the variance due to the relationship between child behaviors at the two ages, a comparison of mother-child relationship predictors indicated that attachment security at age 4 was the strongest predictor of internalizing problems and social engagement/acceptance at age 8, while maternal style was the strongest predictor of externalizing difficulties. Results point to the importance of both aspects of the mother-child relationship, and indicate that the nature of family and peer links may vary depending upon the specific social domain assessed.
Achieving optimality in adaptive control: the "bet on the best" approach

Over the last two decades, the certainty equivalence principle has been the fundamental paradigm in the design of adaptive control laws. It is well known, however, that for general control criterions the performance achieved through its use is strictly suboptimal. In this paper, we introduce a new general philosophy based on the certainty equivalence idea-so as to ensure optimality in adaptive control problems under general conditions. Rather than focusing on a particular control scheme, we present the method in a general control setting. Specific control algorithms to cope with different situations can be derived from this general method.