cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects on Freezing Point of Carbohydrates Commonly Used in Frozen Desserts

Abstract A large diversity of sweeteners is available, and frozen dessert manufacturers need to understand the effect of each sweetener on the freezing point of their finished product. Freezing points of various sweeteners were found over a range of concentrations so that a manufacturer could calculate the effect each had at any given concentration in frozen dessert mixes. Freezing point depression caused by lactose hydrolysis was considered also. Sweeteners assayed were monosaccharides-glucose, galactose, and fructose; disaccharides-lactose, maltose, and sucrose; fructose-42, 55, and 90; maltodextrin-10 D. E.; and corn syrups-36, 42, and 62 D. E. Results were graphed and a line of best fit was drawn. Slopes for each curve were computed from the original freezing points in Celsius, and a mean was obtained. These data and conclusions allow interchange of sweeteners in frozen dessert mixes. Sweeteners with approximately the same slope may be substituted for one another on a solids basis with little if any effect on freezing point. Sweeteners with a slope of less than 1 (sucrose = 1) will raise the mix freezing point compared to sucrose. These may be used to balance the effect of the large freezing point depression of monosaccharides. The freezing-point-depressing effect of hydrolyzed lactose can be calculated with consideration to the amount of lactose in the mix and the degree of hydrolysis desired.
Looking Back on Teaching in Detroit

Their eyes were locked onto the formula on the board and riveted by the model we created at the beginning of class. As we progressed through the first period of the day, I was watching my students’ eyes. I was watching my students’ body language.
A Postmodern Resolution to Leadership Conceptual Ambiguities

The authors’ meta-analysis identified salient characteristics found in the selected leadership research, allowing for a disambiguation of the transformational and charismatic leadership operational traits tied to the scientific management theories first espoused by Frederick Taylor (1911). The meta-analysis comprised selected research studies from 1999 to 2008, and revealed 10 distinctive intrapersonal and interpersonal referents that map the heuristic tools leading to emergent leader and follower behaviors. We propose a postmodern evaluation matrix that reveals structural systematic biases and eliminates modernist conceptual ambiguities tied to the leader-worker dyadic in varying organizational contexts. The findings suggest that leadership researchers should consider complex behavioral decision-making processes that result in emergent group performances instead of focusing on a leader’s ephemeral behavioral traits. A postmodern approach also helps researchers identify a group’s performance on a continuum that would demonstrate their willingness to act in a way that tests individual limits, stretches group boundaries, and exceeds company goals, what the authors term a Star Trek Affective State.
Unsolicited Narratives from the Internet: A Rich Source of Qualitative Data:

Recently, the Internet has become a forum for informal communication. Many--whose voices may have been unheard--can now express themselves through this medium. Rich narratives are available to the qualitative researcher from bulletin boards, guestbooks, Web pages, and listservs on the Internet. In this article, these data sources are defined and described. Strategies for using these data are discussed. One concern with using unsolicited data from the Internet is the protection of human subjects and the requirement for consent. A proposed model describing the process for deciding when such data are publicly available, as defined by the Office for the Protection of Rights of Research Subjects, and when the use of the data requires consent is presented.
Summarization of large scale social network activity

This paper presents a novel social media summarization framework. Summarizing media created and shared in large scale online social networks unfolds challenging research problems. The networks exhibit heterogeneous social interactions and temporal dynamics. Our proposed framework relies on the co-presence of multiple important facets: who (users), what (concepts and media), how (actions) and when (time). First, we impose a syntactic structure of the social activity (relating users, media and concepts via specific actions) in our temporal multi-graph mining algorithm. Second, important activities along each facet are extracted as activity themes over time. Experiments on Flickr datasets demonstrate that our technique captures nontrivial evolution of media use in social networks.
A robotic visual servoing system

Visual feedback is used in this paper to control the position of a robot which has a camera mounted on its end-effector, which is referred to as an eye-in-hand system. A static "look and move" system has been implemented to track a moving object. The vision system updates the object's location and the robot then moves to this updated location. The entire cycle of finding the object and moving the robot takes approximately 167 milliseconds to complete. >
Particle filters in robotics

In recent years, particle filters have solved several hard perceptual problems in robotics. Early successes of particle filters were limited to low-dimensional estimation problems, such as the problem of robot localization in environments with known maps. More recently, researchers have begun exploiting structural properties of robotic domains that have led to successful particle filter applications in spaces with as many as 100,000 dimensions. The fact that every model--no mater how detailed--fails to capture the full complexity of even the most simple robotic environments has lead to specific tricks and techniques essential for the success of particle filters in robotic domains. This article surveys some of these recent innovations, and provides pointers to in-depth articles on the use of particle filters in robotics.
Examining the Concentration of Registered Sex Offenders in Upstate New York Census Tracts

This study examined the census tract characteristics associated with the spatial concentration of registered sex offender (RSO) residences in 1,823 census tracts across 53 counties in upstate New York. The concentration of RSOs for each tract was measured using excess risk scores that essentially measure disproportionate concentrations of RSOs based on the resident population of the county and tract. The tract characteristics examined included structural characteristics from the 2010 Census, such as indicators of social disorganization, housing availability and affordability, and population density, legal characteristics describing the presence of residence restrictions, and controls for spatial autocorrelation and regional differences. Results indicate that registered sex offenders (RSOs) are disproportionately more likely to be found in tracts exhibiting high levels of concentrated disadvantage, available housing, and affordable housing, and disproportionately less likely to be found in tracts with high...
Bosutinib: a dual SRC/ABL kinase inhibitor for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (IM) set new standards in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, emergence of resistance to IM became a major therapeutic challenge. Bosutinib (SKI-606), a 7-alkoxy-3-quinolinecarbonitrile, functions as a dual inhibitor of SRC and ABL kinases, and preclinical studies demonstrated a high antiproliferative activity in human and murine CML cell lines. In ongoing Phase I/II clinical trials, bosutinib yielded promising results revealing high clinical efficacy, good tolerability and reduced toxicity in IM-resistant or -intolerant CML patients. In this article, we provide an overview on the mechanism of action, and the preclinical and currently available clinical data for bosutinib. Owing to its favorable toxicity profile and its high antileukemic activity, bosutinib is a promising novel treatment option for patients with CML. A recently initiated, randomized open-label Phase III clinical study will clarify its role in first-line therapy of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic-phase CML.
Food safety for the solid organ transplant patient: preventing foodborne illness while on chronic immunosuppressive drugs

Issues regarding food safety are seen increasingly in the news; outbreaks of foodborne illness have been associated with public health concerns ranging from mild illness to death. For the solid organ transplant patient, immunosuppressive and antibacterial drugs, which maintain transplant organ function, can expose the transplant patient to increased risk of foodborne illness from bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. This review article describes the clinical consequences, sources of foodborne illness, and food safety practices needed to minimize risks to the solid organ transplant patient who must take lifelong immunosuppressive drugs. All members of the transplant team share responsibility for education of the solid organ transplant patient in preventing infections. The registered dietitian, as part of the transplant team, is the recognized expert in providing food safety education in the context of medical nutrition therapy to solid organ transplant patients, the patients' caregivers, and other healthcare providers.
The Role of PTIP in Maintaining Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency

Pax transactivation domain-interacting protein (PTIP) is a ubiquitously expressed, nuclear protein that is part of a histone H3K4 methyltransferase complex and is essential for embryonic development. Methylation of H3K4 is an epigenetic mark found on many critical developmental regulatory genes in embryonic stem (ES) cells and, together with H3K27 methylation, constitutes a bivalent epigenetic signature. To address the function of PTIP in ES cells, we generated ES cell lines from a floxed ptip allele and deleted PTIP function with Cre recombinase. The ptip(-/-) ES cell lines exhibited a high degree of spontaneous differentiation to trophectoderm and a loss of pluripotency. Reduced levels of Oct4 expression and H3K4 methylation were observed. Upon differentiation, ptip(-/-) embryoid bodies showed reduced levels of marker gene expression for all three primary germ layers. These results suggest that the maintenance of H3K4 methylation is essential and requires PTIP function during the in vitro propagation of pluripotent ES cells.
A Device-Level Vacuum-Packaging Scheme for Microbolometers on Rigid and Flexible Substrates

This paper reports on the design, fabrication, and characterization of device-level vacuum-packaged microbolometers on rigid Si wafers and flexible polyimide substrates. Semiconducting yttrium barium copper oxide (commonly referred to as YBCO) serves as the bolometric material. Operating micromachined bolometers in vacuum reduces the thermal conductance Gth from the detector to the substrate. If flexibility of the substrate is not to be sacrificed, then the vacuum packaging needs to be done at the device level. Here, the microbolometers are fabricated on a silicon nitride support membrane, isolated from the substrate using surface micromachining. Suitable materials as well as various dimensions in the vacuum cavity are determined using finite-element method (FEM)-based CoventorWARE. A vacuum cavity made of Al2O3 has been designed. The thermal conductance Gth of bolometers with the geometry implemented in this work is the same for devices on rigid and flexible substrates. The theoretical value of Gth was calculated to be 4.0 x 10-6 W/K for devices operating in vacuum and 1.4 x 10-4 W/K for devices operating at atmospheric pressure. Device-level vacuum-packaged microbolometers on both rigid Si and flexible polyimide substrates have been fabricated and characterized for optical and electrical properties. A low thermal conductance of 1.1 X 10-6 W/K has been measured six months after fabrication, which implies an intact vacuum cavity.
Flow cytometric isolation and phenotypic characterization of two subsets of ED2(+) (CD163) hepatic macrophages in rats.

AIMS: Macrophages in the liver are well known for their functional heterogeneity. However, subpopulations of the hepatic macrophages are not well defined. METHODS: Two subsets of hepatic macrophages isolated from rats via FACS with immunolabeling of ED2 (anti-CD163) antibody were studied for phenotypic and functional characteristics. RESULTS: A subset showed an ED2(high) and autofluorescence(high) (ED2(high)/AF(high)) phenotype, exhibiting characteristics consistent with the description of the Kupffer cells (KC). A second subset, displaying an ED2(dim)/AF(dim) phenotype, was smaller in size, monocyte-like and weak in phagocytosis. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that both subsets are phagocytes. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that in addition to expression of macrophage-related surface markers such as CD14, ED1 (CD68), fucose receptor, and CD163, the ED2(dim)/ AF(dim) cells expressed mRNA encoding for myeloid lineage differentiation markers ERMP12 (PECAM) and ERMP20 (Ly-6C). These two subsets exhibited differential in gene expression of selected cytokines, extracellular matrix proteinases, and Toll-like receptor in normal livers, as well as significantly upregulated expression in cholestatic livers induced by bile duct ligation. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that the ED2(high)/AF(high) population of the liver cells represent the conventional Kupffer cells. The ED2(dim)/AF(dim) cells, however, are small hepatic resident macrophages characteristically different from the conventional Kupffer cells.
Correlates of anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and association with perinatal outcomes: a meta-analysis

Objective The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and determine the strength of the relationship between anxiety symptoms and adverse perinatal outcomes. Study Design A meta-analytic review was conducted of studies that evaluated the relationship between self-reported anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and potential correlates or perinatal outcomes. Results Fifty studies of 48 samples of women met inclusion criteria. Anxiety symptoms during pregnancy were associated with a number of psychosocial variables including depressive symptoms ( r = 0.66), stress ( r = 0.40), and self-esteem/self-worth ( r = −0.47). There were no significant associations of anxiety symptoms with perinatal outcomes (all r s Conclusion Anxiety symptoms during pregnancy appear to be associated with similar psychosocial variables as anxiety at other times. There is no evidence of an association of anxiety symptoms with adverse perinatal outcomes among those studied thus far. However, significant gaps still exist in the literature in this area.
Gas hydrate measurements at Hydrate Ridge using Raman spectroscopy

Abstract Oceanic gas hydrates have been measured near the seafloor for the first time using a seagoing Raman spectrometer at Hydrate Ridge, Oregon, where extensive layers of hydrates have been found to occur near the seafloor. All of the hydrates analyzed were liberated from the upper meter of the sediment column near active gas venting sites in water depths of 770–780 m. Hydrate properties, such as structure and composition, were measured with significantly less disturbance to the sample than would be realized with core recovery. The natural hydrates measured were sI, with methane as the predominant guest component, and minor/trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide present in three of the twelve samples measured. Methane large-to-small cage occupancy ratios of the hydrates varied from 1.01 to 1.30, in good agreement with measurements of laboratory synthesized and recovered natural hydrates. Although the samples visually appeared to be solid, varying quantities of free methane gas were detected, indicating the possible presence of occluded gas in a hydrate bubble fabric.
Spatial structure of forest lepidopteran communities in oak hickory forests of Indiana.

The response of forest insect communities to disturbances such as timber harvest will likely depend on the underlying spatial structure of species assemblages before the disturbance occurs. Unfortunately, many studies of forest management implicitly assume homogeneity of community structure before harvest; postlogging communities are inferred to be a direct product of the imposed management. The goal of this study is to examine variation in the community structure of forest Lepidoptera using the pretimber harvest data on Lepidoptera from 20 forest sites within three watersheds at Morgan Monroe State Forest, IN. A total of 14,537 individuals representing 324 species of Lepidoptera were sampled from Morgan-Monroe State Forest in 2007. Sampling efficiency was not a function of management unit, and, surprisingly, we found little evidence that management units differed in overall community composition. Diversity partitioning suggested that >99% of Simpson diversity (species dominance) was determined at the local scale, and each site contained the same 10 dominant taxa in rank order. Variation in species richness seemed to be more a problem of sampling bias than underlying differences in habitat preference by moth feeding guilds. Finally, Mantel tests suggested that forest moth communities at Morgan-Monroe are not spatially autocorrelated. The results here are encouraging because they strongly suggest that shifts in lepidopteran community structure should reflect the community response to disturbance rather than inherent spatial heterogeneity of species composition.
Predicting Oral Drug Absorption in Humans: A Macroscopic Mass Balance Approach for Passive and Carrier-Mediated Compounds

There are several models for estimating drug absorption in humans [1–8]. Both physicochemical properties of the drug and physiological/biochemical properties of the gastrointestinal tract affect the extent and/or rate of oral drug absorption. Some of these factors include: pKa, solubility and dissolution rate, aqueous diffusivity, partition coefficient, chemical and enzymatic stability, intestinal pH, transit time, gastrointestinal motility, endogenous substances such as bile salts, and exogenous substances such as nutrients (food). The systemic availability can be further reduced by first-pass hepatic metabolism. Consequently, prediction of absorption is semi-quantitative.
Will Accountants Become Purveyors Of All Information

When computers first appeared in organizations, accountants had an opportunity to enlarge their information-providing responsibilities by embracing the new technology and the people who made it work. They elected not to pursue this opportunity and, perhaps unwittingly, launched not only a new group of information professionals, but also a new and sometimes competitive information function in organizations. Now some accountants are suggesting that the profession expand its boundaries to include all information. A second opportunity for accountants to become the purveyors of all information may exist due to a different set of circumstances that are more favorable to acting on the opportunity. Unlike the earlier situation, accountants would not have to deal with management responsibility for the technology and its related information professionals. Further, the continuing move toward integrated systems lends itself to a more global approach. Ultimately, whether accountants become the purveyors of all information will depend upon whether accountants move to meet the new demands for information in organizations. Accountants who are effective in advising managers in matters that combine both financial and non-financial, as well as internal and external information, should be successful in expanding their role as information providers.
Disability Identity Politics: Curing or Celebrating Neurological Differences

Of all of the agenda types in disability policy subsystems, celebration and cure might seem to fall into the most natural of tensions. Taking pride in the presence of something is difficult to do while simultaneously attempting to eradicate it. In considering cure oriented agendas, it is important to keep in mind that curing something is fundamentally an all or nothing preposition. Curing, at least as usually discussed in political and public discourse, typically implies elimination of all traces of a neurological difference, not just characteristics considered undesirable. On the other hand, celebration tends toward the opposite interpretation of neurological differences, focusing as much attention as possible on positive aspects of atypicality, including possible benefits derived from both suffering and overcoming challenges. Given this natural opposition, it is hardly surprising that these two agenda types might wind up in conflict with one another in public and political discourse. There are, nevertheless, instances in which the politics of these agenda types work in (or can be made to work in) symbiosis as well. This paper examines how the interaction between cure and celebration oriented political discourse plays out in disability policy subsystems of modern democracies.
Clinical interpretation of the Spinal Cord Injury Functional Index (SCI-FI)

Objective: To provide validation of functional ability levels for the Spinal Cord Injury – Functional Index (SCI-FI).Design: Cross-sectional.Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation hospital and community settings.Participants: A sample of 855 individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury enrolled in 6 rehabilitation centers participating in the National Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Network.Interventions: Not Applicable.Main Outcome Measures: Spinal Cord Injury-Functional Index (SCI-FI).Results: Cluster analyses identified three distinct groups that represent low, mid-range and high SCI-FI functional ability levels. Comparison of clusters on personal and other injury characteristics suggested some significant differences between groups.Conclusions: These results strongly support the use of SCI-FI functional ability levels to document the perceived functional abilities of persons with SCI. Results of the cluster analysis suggest that the SCI-FI functional ability levels capture function by injury characterist...
CRT-400.29 Right Ventricular Function Association With Long-Term Mortality Among Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Patients

Right ventricular (RV) function was shown to be associated with adverse outcomes in a variety of cardiac patients and is considered a risk factor for adverse outcome according the updated Valve Academic Consortium Criteria. Our goal was to assess the impact of RV function at baseline on 1-year
Experimental Evaluation of a Markov Multizone Model of Particulate Contaminant Transport

The performance of a Markov chain model of the three-dimensional transport of particulates in indoor environments is evaluated against experimentally measured supermicrometer particle deposition. Previously, the model was found to replicate the predictions of relatively simple particle transport and fate models; and this work represents the next step in model evaluation. The experiments modeled were (i) the release of polydispersed particles inside a building lobby, and (ii) the release of monodispersed fluorescein-tagged particles inside an experimental chamber under natural and forced mixing. The Markov model was able to reproduce the spatial patterns of particle deposition in both experiments, though the model predictions were sensitive to the parameterization of the particle release mechanism in the second experiment. Overall, the results indicate that the Markov model is a plausible tool for modeling the fate and transport of supermicrometer particles.
The Seventh Year of the Permanent Court of International Justice1

Several important events have marked the seventh year in the history of the Permanent Court of International Justice. The court was in session at The Hague from February 6, 1928, to April 26, 1928 (thirteenth session); from June 15, 1928, to September 13, 1928 (fourteenth session); and from November 12, 1928, to November 21, 1928 (fifteenth session). It handed down two advisory opinions (Nos. 15 and 16) and two judgments (Nos. 12 and 13), and several important orders. It lost the services of two eminent judges through the resignation of Judge John Bassett Moore and the death of Judge Andre Weiss. A settlement was reached with the Netherlands Government of the long-standing question as to the privileges and immunities of the judges and registry officials; and, what is perhaps more important for the court’s future, the signatories of the court’s protocol of signature began the consideration of changes in the court’s statute in the light of seven years’ experience. The seventh year marks progress in the establishment of the court’s position as the chief agency in the world for the international administration of justice, as it marks also changes which will affect the future of the court.
47 REVERSING THE FETAL GENE PROGRAM IN THE SETTING OF PATHOLOGIC STIMULI IMPROVES CARDIOMYOCYTE FUNCTION.

Background Previously we found that abrogating activator protein 1 (AP-1) in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes subjected to pathologic stimuli resulted in reversal of the pathologic/fetal gene profile while maintaining agonist-induced myocyte hypertrophy. We now extend these observations to the adult rat cardiomyocyte (ARVM) and further investigate if reversing the gene program toward a physiologic profile in a pathologic model results in improved myocyte function. Methods and Results Hypertrophy was induced in cultured ARVMs using norepinephrine with propranolol pretreatment. Induction of the pathologic gene profile was observed, ie, expression of beta-myosin heavy chain (betaMHC), and atrial/brain natriuretic peptides (ANP/BNP) was increased, whereas expression for the alpha-myosin heavy chain (alphaMHC) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) genes was repressed. As with the neonatal cardiomyocyte experiments, the role of AP-1 in the hypertrophic phenotype was evaluated with the use of an adenoviral construct expressing a dominant negative mutant of the c-Fos proto-oncogene (AdAFos). Although AdAFos infection did not change the myocyte growth response, it resulted in the reversal of the gene profile to alpha-adrenergic stimulation, ie, up-regulation of alphaMHC/SERCA and repression of betaMHC and ANP/BNP. Translation of both MHC and SERCA proteins corresponded with their gene expression. Further, ARVM infected with Ad-AFos showed improved myocyte shortening, a surrogate marker for contractile function. Conclusion Abrogation of AP-1 transcription factor in the setting of alpha-adrenergic stimulation results in improved cardiomyocyte function.
Sporadic Retroperitoneal Hemangioblastoma: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

We report a case of sporadic isolated hemangioblastoma arising from the retroperitoneum and provide a review of the scarce literature regarding this very rare tumor. Furthermore, we thoroughly describe the pathologic features and the broad differential diagnosis that should always be included in the study of any retroperitoneal soft tissue mass to arrive at the final diagnosis.
CARBON FILMS FROM CARBON SUBOXIDE DECOMPOSITION. FORMATION KINETICS

Very pure C3O2 at low concentration in pure helium carrier gas decomposes at a convenient rate at temperatures between 600°C and 800°C, producing a tenacious and hard carbon film on a glazed porcelain surface. Physical characteristics of the film place it in the polycrystalline graphite class. The rate of film formation is measured by recording the resistance of a film of specified length as a function of time. The measuring section occupies a small fraction in length of a uniform temperature zone. By keeping the extent of C3O2 decomposition low, a steady decomposition rate is achieved along the uniform zone, of which the measuring section constitutes a representative sample. Deposition kinetics are examined with respect to C3O2 concentration, temperature, gas flow rate, and surface-to-volume ratio. Computation of rate constants then permits deductions to be made concerning the mechanism and energetics of the decomposition of C3O2 and the deposition of carbon.
Social Attachment, Brain Function, Aggression and Violence

In primates intraspecies aggression can be viewed as a purposeful social behavior. Many species of nonhuman primates establish relatively stable social groups. Intragroup aggressive encounters generally occur when the intragroup dominance hierarchy is not stable, and such encounters more often than not have the effect of restoring stability. Hence, aggression is usually both socially regulated and regulatory as far as intragroup and interindividual interactions are concerned. “Violence” can be defined as unregulated aggression, and it is lack of regulation that distinguishes violence as being disruptive and anti-social. One way to address and understand the causes of violence is to investigate the mechanisms by which social behavior per se usually comes to be regulated. “Attachment” has been traditionally viewed as being the process by which the infant bonds to a caregiver and thereafter develops and maintains affiliative intraspecies relationships. An implication of this view is that social behavior is ultimately both caused and regulated by guided internal motivations to develop affiliative social relationships. Investigations of the psychobiology of attachment mechanisms indicate, however, that the neurobiological development of the primate infant is considerably more plastic and less internally guided than previously thought. While past theories suggested that species specific .neurobiological mechanisms develop autonomously and enable the infant to engage in regulated social interactions, the more current view is that neurobiological systems that regulate behavior develop their usual mature stature as a result of experiencing affiliative interactions. Disruption of usual affiliative attachments produces what amounts to neurobiological dysregulation. This translates to failure to regulate usual social behaviors, and one result of this may be violence.
A caballo regalao no se le mira el colmillo: Colonial mentality and puerto rican depression

Dignifying the colonizer and depreciating the colonized is a reflection of internalized colonial oppression (i.e., colonial mentality). The current study examined the effect of colonial mentality on depression symptoms in a sample of mainland Puerto Ricans (N = 352). A structural equation model was examined, in which colonial mentality was hypothesized to be directly and positively associated with depression symptoms. The proposed model also tested the indirect effect of colonial mentality on depression symptoms via acculturative stress. Results indicated that a full mediation structural equation model (SEM) had a better fit to the data than our hypothesized partial mediation model. Bias-corrected bootstrapping indicated that the effect of colonial mentality on depressive symptoms was mediated by acculturative stress. That is, colonial mentality increased the risk of experiencing depression symptoms in Puerto Ricans when they felt pressured to maintaining a connection with Puerto Rican culture and society and when they experienced rejection by the society they want to emulate (acculturative stress). The current results underscore the need for researchers and clinicians to consider and assess colonial mentality when conceptualizing depression symptoms among mainland Puerto Ricans. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Brief Motivational Interventions Are Associated with Reductions in Alcohol-Induced Blackouts Among Heavy Drinking College Students.

Author(s): Acuff, Samuel F; Voss, Andrew T; Dennhardt, Ashley A; Borsari, Brian; Martens, Matthew P; Murphy, James G | Abstract: BackgroundAlcohol-induced blackouts, a form of anterograde amnesia that restricts the encoding of short-term memories into long-term ones, are among the most severe alcohol-related consequences. College students are at high risk of experiencing alcohol-induced blackouts, and there is a need to determine whether alcohol interventions can effectively reduce blackouts in this population. The current study uses data from 3 randomized clinical trials to examine the effect of various intervention approaches on alcohol-induced blackouts.MethodsFour interventions were compared over 3 studies: (i) a computerized feedback intervention (electronic Check-Up To Go [e-Chug]; Study 1); (ii) a single-session brief motivational intervention (BMI; Study 1); (iii) a BMI plus behavioral economic session focused on increasing substance-free activities (BMI + Substance-Free Activity Session [SFAS]; Studies 2 and 3); and (iv) a BMI plus supplemental Relaxation Training session (BMI + Relaxation Training; Studies 2 and 3). Studies 1 and 3 also included an assessment-only control condition. For each study, participants reported whether they had experienced an alcohol-induced blackout at each time point; binary logistic regressions examined differential likelihood of experiencing an alcohol-induced blackout over time.ResultsNeither the single-session BMI nor e-Chug reduced alcohol-induced blackouts over assessment only; however, participants in the BMI + SFAS or BMI + Relaxation Training condition were significantly less likely to experience an alcohol-induced blackout compared to assessment only at 1-month (Wald = 4.77, odds ratio [OR] = 0.53, p = 0.03) and 6-month follow-ups (Wald = 5.72, OR = 0.52, p = 0.02). Study 2 also revealed a larger effect for the BMI + SFAS over the BMI + Relaxation Training condition at 6 months (Wald = 4.11 OR = 0.22, p = 0.043), although this was not replicated in Study 3. The effects for the 2-session BMIs lasted 6 months, at which point maturation effects diminished differences between assessment-only and intervention conditions.ConclusionsTwo sessions of BMI are a substantial enough dose to result in reductions in alcohol-induced blackouts among college student heavy drinkers.
Neuromodulation for Ventricular Tachycardia and Atrial Fibrillation: A Clinical Scenario-Based Review

Autonomic dysregulation in cardiovascular disease plays a major role in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias. Cardiac neural control relies on complex feedback loops consisting of efferent and afferent limbs, which carry sympathetic and parasympathetic signals from the brain to the heart and sensory signals from the heart to the brain. Cardiac disease leads to neural remodeling and sympathovagal imbalances with arrhythmogenic effects. Preclinical studies of modulation at central and peripheral levels of the cardiac autonomic nervous system have yielded promising results, leading to early stage clinical studies of these techniques in atrial fibrillation and refractory ventricular arrhythmias, particularly in patients with inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes and structural heart disease. However, significant knowledge gaps in basic cardiac neurophysiology limit the success of these neuromodulatory therapies. This review discusses the recent advances in neuromodulation for cardiac arrhythmia management, with a clinical scenario-based approach aimed at bringing neurocardiology closer to the realm of the clinical electrophysiologist.
Understanding students’ ethical reasoning and fallacies through asynchronous online discussion: lessons for teaching evaluation ethics

Evaluations are practiced in political contexts, posing ethical dilemmas to evaluators. It is important, therefore, to prepare evaluation students for ethical decision-making in their future evalua...
Emotion Recognition and Analysis Using ADMM-Based Sparse Group Lasso

This study presents an efficient sparse learning-based pattern recognition framework to recognize the discrete states of three emotions-happy, angry, and neutral emotion-using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. In affective computing with massive spatiotemporal brainwave signals, a large number of features can be extracted to capture various information from multivariate brain data. However, it is often a challenge to model high-dimensional features efficiently in consideration of the intrinsic structure, such as channel location, feature group, time epoch, etc. In this study, features were extensively extracted from EEG signals and were applied on a structured sparse learning model to perform feature selection and classification simultaneously. An efficient ADMM-based algorithm with a closed-form solution was developed to solve the sparse group model. Experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of selecting a small number of important neural features to discriminate the three emotion states with high classification accuracy. With greatly enhanced interpretability and efficiency to learn neural signatures of brain activity from high-dimensional-feature, low-sample-size brain imaging data, the presented computational framework is promising for handling emotion recognition problems with high-dimensional brain imaging data.
Disappearance of the rock-boring urchin Echinometra lucunter (Echinoidea: Echinodermata) in urchin-burrows along an extensive rock wall of Grotto Beach, San Salvador, Bahamas

The disappearance of a population of the rock-boring sea urchin Echinometra lucunter is documented along a vertical rock wall off Grotto Beach on the island of San Salvador, Bahamas. 9,960 urchin burrows were counted along a 332 m × 1 m length of the rock wall. Only one E. lucunter was found to occur per 664 available urchin holes. Likely factors that may have contributed to the disappearance of urchins include circulation patterns and elevated temperature.
Indian Made: Museum Valuation of American Indian Identity through Aesthetics

Ethnographic museums create a taste for American Indian art through the acquisition of art with a narrow type, scope, and preference for particular Native artists. The taste created by museums is than communicated to their publics through the valuation of contemporary art and presenting the art through “rhetorics of value” (Kratz 22). I argue these “rhetorics of value” are creating rigid standards for what constitutes American Indian art worthy for museum display that excludes traditional art forms and contemporary motifs deemed important by tribal nations and individual American Indian artists. This article traces the process of creating contemporary American Indian art taste that valuates not only the art itself, but also the artist’s Native identity when considering good Indian art. I also track how this taste is imparted to museum publics and finally how these processes are exclusionary through a discussion of a museum passing on a truly unique piece of contemporary American Indian art in favor for a standard piece of beadwork. It concludes by exploring how tribal museums are employing tribal sovereign authority and citizenship standards to determine what art to acquire. Though reliant on citizenship standards, the art the Oneida Nation Museum (ONM) is acquiring is more inclusive than its ethnographic museum counterparts in terms of medium, motif, and message. And it is to tribal museums like the ONM, that ethnographic museums should be looking to for inspiration of what art to acquire to broaden the taste for American Indian art.
Length of stay and readmission in older adults hospitalized for heart failure.

Author(s): Arundel, Cherinne; Lam, Phillip H; Faselis, Charles; Sheriff, Helen M; Dooley, Daniel J; Morgan, Charity; Fonarow, Gregg C; Aronow, Wilbert S; Allman, Richard M; Ahmed, Ali | Abstract: IntroductionHospital length of stay (LoS) and hospital readmissions are metrics of healthcare performance. We examined the association between these two metrics in older patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure (HF).Material and methodsEight thousand and forty-nine patients hospitalized for HF in 106 U.S. hospitals had a median LoS of 5 days; among them, 3777 had a LoS g 5 days. Using propensity scores for LoS g 5 days, we assembled 2723 pairs of patients with LoS 1-5 vs. g 5 days. The matched cohort of 5446 patients was balanced on 40 baseline characteristics. We repeated the above process in 7045 patients after excluding those with LoS g 10 days, thus assembling a second matched cohort of 2399 pairs of patients with LoS 1-5 vs. 6-10 days. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for outcomes associated with longer LoS were estimated in matched cohorts.ResultsIn the primary matched cohort (n = 5446), LoS g 5 days was associated with a higher risk of all-cause readmission at 30 days (HR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.04-1.31; p = 0.010), but not during longer follow-up. A longer LoS was also associated with a higher risk of mortality during 8.8 years of follow-up (HR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06-1.21; p l 0.001). LoS had no association with HF readmission. Similar associations were observed among the matched sensitivity cohort (n = 4798) that excluded patients with LoS g 10 days.ConclusionsIn propensity score-matched balanced cohorts of patients with HF, a longer LoS was independently associated with poor outcomes, which persisted when LoS g 10 days were excluded.
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead revision following left ventricular assist device implantation.

Introduction Lead dysfunction can lead to serious consequences including failure to treat ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF). The incidence and mechanisms of lead dysfunction following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation are not well-described. We sought to determine the incidence, mechanisms, timing, and complications of right ventricular lead dysfunction requiring revision following LVAD implantation. Methods Retrospective observational chart review of all LVAD recipients with pre-existing implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) from 2009 to 2018 was performed including device interrogation reports, laboratory and imaging data, procedural reports, and clinical outcomes. Results Among 583 patients with an ICD in situ undergoing LVAD implant, the median (interquartile range) age was 62.5 (15.7) years, 21% were female, and the types of LVADs included HeartWare HVAD (26%), HeartMate II (52%), and HeartMate III (22%). Right ventricular lead revision was performed in 38 patients (6.5%) at a median (25th, 75th) of 16.4 (3.6, 29.2) months following LVAD. Mechanisms of lead dysfunction included macrodislodgement (n = 4), surgical lead injury (n = 4), recall (n = 3), insulation failure (n = 8) or conductor fracture (n = 7), and alterations in the lead-myocardial interface (n = 12). Undersensing requiring revision occurred in 22 (58%) cases. Clinical sequelae of undersensing included failure to detect VT/VF (n = 4) and pacing-induced torsade de pointes (n = 1). Oversensing occurred in 12 (32%) and sequelae included inappropriate antitachycardia pacing ([ATP], n = 8), inappropriate ICD shock (n = 6), and ATP-induced VT (n = 1). Conclusion The incidence of right ventricular lead dysfunction following LVAD implantation is significant and has important clinical sequelae. Physicians should remain vigilant for lead dysfunction after LVAD surgery and test lead function before discharge.
Mythical metrics and methods: Needed paradigm shift in disease recognition and therapy.

Abstract Current medicine is practiced in an organ-based, function-appraised manner with less attention paid to the tissue characteristics of the appraised organs. The fundamentals of this paradigm have been the product of an oversimplified and often layman-based perceptions of the studied organ over the years. These perceptions drove the current definitions of normality and abnormality, parameters used in the diagnosis of the disease, goals of treatment and studied outcomes. Despite the explosive advancement in technology that could have potentially changed our ‘upstream’ thinking, practitioners remain captives of these old beliefs and have streamlined current technology in a ‘downstream’ fashion; in the form of goal-directed protocols, and engineering systems that would study their implementations. As a result, diseases continue to evolve, become more resistant to therapy, late to diagnose, and with a persistent worsening of outcomes. With a primarily focus on the heart and from an anesthesiologist prospective, we challenge the fundamentals of the current paradigm from an ‘upstream’ prospective. We challenge the current ‘territorial’ definitions of the organs studied, the current terminology of some diseases, the parameters used in their diagnosis, the diagnostic modalities used and their goals of treatment. We illustrate some examples when the current collective ‘myth’ meets the ‘reality’ in an acute care setting, further clarifying the limitations of the current paradigm. We also, provide a theoretical hypothesis of what we believe to be a potential substitute of the current paradigm. Our theory redefines disease from an organ-based functional phenomenon to a structural-based tissue phenomenon, calling for an integrative and holistic approach of tissue assessment rather than a discrete approach that may potentially obscure the interaction of non-appraised organs. We also believe in redirecting technology in an upstream direction to better redefine and early detect diseases rather than submitting to generationally inherited beliefs. Whereas we have started some of our research on our proposed paradigm, our theoretical framework remains to be thought-provoking, and hypothesis-generating at the present time.
Improved Search Strategies with Application to Estimating Facial Blendshape Parameters

It is well known that popular optimization techniques can lead to overfitting or even a lack of convergence altogether; thus, practitioners often utilize ad hoc regularization terms added to the energy functional. When carefully crafted, these regularizations can produce compelling results. However, regularization changes both the energy landscape and the solution to the optimization problem, which can result in underfitting. Surprisingly, many practitioners both add regularization and claim that their model lacks the expressivity to fit the data. Motivated by a geometric interpretation of the linearized search space, we propose an approach that ameliorates overfitting without the need for regularization terms that restrict the expressiveness of the underlying model. We illustrate the efficacy of our approach on minimization problems related to three-dimensional facial expression estimation where overfitting clouds semantic understanding and regularization may lead to underfitting that misses or misinterprets subtle expressions.
Menstruation and homelessness: Challenges faced living in shelters and on the street in New York City.

A growing literature attests to menstrual management difficulties of girls, women and other people who menstruate. Largely ignored are the menstruation-management needs of people experiencing homelessness. We explored these realities in New York City through in-depth interviews with individuals living on the street and in shelters (n = 22), key informant interviews with staff at government agencies, shelters and service provider organizations (n = 15), and field audits of public toilets. This paper explores both pragmatic difficulties presented by inadequate access to toilets, bathing spaces, and laundering services, and pervasive menstrual stigma. Amplifying the difficulties was near-constant pressure "to pass," as someone who was not homeless in order to enable increased access to toilets, and as someone who was not menstruating, in order to engage in the activities of daily living. Our findings highlight the need for improved quality and accessibility of bathrooms for sheltered and street-dwelling homeless, and expedited access to bathing and laundering. Such actions are essential given the steady increase in homelessness in NYC and - under the long shadow of COVID - especially timely.