cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Normal hearing tests: is a further appointment really necessary?

We read the article ‘When a normal hearing test is just the beginning’, by Kennedy et al., with great interest.1 The authors mention King Kopetzky syndrome, which is both a rare diagnosis and a diagnosis by exclusion. Patients complaining of repeated hearing loss but with normal pure tone audiogram should have their social and psychological issues explored rather than being labelled as suffering from this syndrome. Patients with a normal pure tone audiogram without any audio-vestibular symptoms need no follow up. Our department examines 4000 patients a year complaining of hearing loss. Ten per cent of these patients have normal pure tone audiometry. Each follow up appointment costs £65-£70.2 At present, when so many NHS trusts are in debt, regular follow up or open appointments for patients with normal pure tone audiograms are not cost effective. It is our departmental policy that such patients should return to their General Practitioner for a new referral to the local ENT department if they develop further hearing loss or new symptoms.
Synthesis and characterization of composite of gold nanoparticles attached ZnO nanorods

We report on the growth and characterization of ZnO nanorods using chemical vapor deposition (CVP) with and without graphite, wet chemical reaction and gold attached ZnO nanorods called nanocomposites. Various novel arrangements of growth of uniform one dimensional ZnO nanostructures were observed. The ZnO nanostructures and the composite materials were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), The results of characterization demonstrated that ZnO nanostructures are one dimensional, the nanocomposites consist of both gold nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods. The result also shows that the gold nanoparticles were tightly attached on the nanorod surface. Our results suggest that ZnO nanostructures and nanocomposites are useful for solar cell, sensor applications. The detail of the results will be presented.
An Empirical Study of Computer Maintenance Policies

This paper reports the findings of the study of maintenance policies for the IBM 1620 system installed at the university's computing center. Three Maintenance policies were investigated by studying the operating characteristics of the system's two functional units, IBM 1620 Processor and IBM 1622 Card-Punch, covering the period of twenty-nine months. Cost minimization approach is used to determine the optimum policy among three alternatives. These three alternatives are: 1 repairs only; 2 scheduled maintenance at a time interval of t hours of operation without failure; 3 performing maintenance procedures at t, 2t, 3t,... regardless of intervening repairs. The problems of gathering information and the condition of optimum for the alternatives 2 and 3 are discussed. The empirical result of this study is in favor of alternative 1 for servicing both functional units, 1622 and 1620.
Application of a human resource value model: A field study☆

Abstract This paper reports the results of an application of a human resource value model. The study was conducted in six offices of a regional certified public accounting firm. Forty-five members of the firm were included in the assessment of adjusted and weighted net present values of individual employees. The uses of the human resource value data include monitoring the inputs as well as the outputs of the model. Suggested data evaluation and use involve establishment of a human resource accounting system, preparation of a statement of value change and plotting of a human resource value life curve.
Being a terrorist: Video game simulations of the other side of the War on Terror

Some of the most theoretically significant moments of video games set in the War on Terror occur in the rare instances when these games allow players to assume a terrorist’s point of view. This per...
Studies of the effect of the sugars ribose, xylose and fructose on the retrogradation of wheat starch gels by x-ray diffraction

Abstract The effects of the sugars ribose, xylose and fructose on the retrogradation of wheat starch gels were investigated by measuring the area under the strong 0·516 nm diffraction peak (characteristic of B-type crystalline retrograded starch) as a function of storage time for a series of gels containing different amounts of added sugars. Retrogradation was monitored as the increase in peak area with storage time. The results obtained suggested that all three sugars altered crystallisation and hence retrogradation of the gels. For the concentration regimes studied, xylose and ribose acted by progressively reducing crystallisation with increasing sugar concentration. In the case of fructose two effects were noted. The fructose led to an increase in both thermally reversible and thermally irreversible crystallisation upon storage. For xylose and ribose the increase in crystallisation upon storage was almost totally thermoreversible suggesting that the retrogradation upon storage was dominated by amylopectin crystallisation.
Progress with type-II superlattice IR detector arrays

We report progress in the development of long wavelength infrared (LWIR) focal plane arrays (FPAs) built on type-II strained layer InAs/GaSb superlattice materials. Work at Raytheon Vision Systems and Jet Propulsion Laboratory has led to successful devices with cutoff wavelengths in the 10 to 12 μm range. Pixels have been formed by wet etching and surface passivation by plasma-deposited silicon dioxide. We present test results on arrays hybridized with indium bump bonding to silicon readout integrated circuits, as well as analyses of current-voltage characteristics of individual diodes. In particular, we find that, at temperatures below about 70 K the leakage current is dominated by generation-recombination effects near zero bias and by trap-assisted tunneling in reverse bias. Although other authors have demonstrated imaging for SWIR and MWIR type-II superlattice devices, to our knowledge no one has done so prior to 2006 in the LWIR range. We have obtained both still and video imaging with 256×256 arrays with 30-μm pixels operating at 78 K, having high operability and a cutoff wavelength of 10.5 μm.
Height-dependent nucleation and ideal layer by layer growth in Pb/Pb(111)/Si(111)

It has been puzzling why for Pb/Si(111), oscillations have been observed at temperatures as low as 18 K and were found to improve with decreasing temperature. With scanning tunneling microscope we have directly observed this ideal layer by layer growth. A dramatic dependence of the second layer island morphology on island height, expected from quantum size effects (QSE), is also found. Low density of fractal islands on stable vs high density on unstable Pb islands on a mixed height island confirms the role of QSE in kinetics. The low diffusion barrier and the fractal island morphology can explain the unusual layer by layer growth.
Office Environment Index '88: A Poll of Workers, Executives, and Facility Managers on Life and Work in Today's Offices:

With the advent of the information age, increasing numbers of workers are now engaged in office work. There is much to learn about this new majority in the workforce, but few vehicles for gathering information. The Office Environment Index (OEI) is an on-going effort to address this informational need. Conducted by Lou Harris and Associates with the collaboration of Steelcase and several professional organizations, the OEI surveys office workers, their management, and others concerning issues which impact quality of work life and effectiveness. This latest survey included 1031 office workers, 150 facility managers, 150 executives, and 150 interior designers. The focus of this analysis is on job satisfaction and perceived productivity and the variables which influence them. In particular, the role of job characteristics, the environment, and computer usage were examined. The results indicate that people who judge themselves good performers tend also to be satisfied. However, not all those who judge themsel...
Transcatheter snare removal of acute middle cerebral artery thromboembolism: technical case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE We describe the case of a patient in whom a snare designed for the removal of foreign bodies was successfully used to retrieve a thromboembolism from the middle cerebral artery. This technique can be used to reestablish blood flow when maximal pharmacological therapies have failed. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 38-year-old man with scrotal squamous cell carcinoma presented with the abrupt onset of left hemiparesis and numbness. Computed tomography of the head showed no hemorrhage or hypodensity, and right middle cerebral artery thrombosis was suspected. INTERVENTION Cerebral angiography demonstrated a near-total occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery at the M1-M2 junction. The administration of intra-arterial urokinase, systemic heparin, and systemic abciximab, and mechanical maceration failed to lyse the clot. A 4-mm goose-neck snare was guided through a microcatheter, and the clot was snared and withdrawn. Immediate postoperative angiography demonstrated the reconstitution of normal flow. Pathological examination of the snared material was consistent with clot. By postoperative Day 5, the patient had regained full strength, except for the fingers of the left hand, which remained moderately weak. Computed tomography demonstrated a right insular and extreme capsular infarct. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of a snare to remove clot in the setting of thromboembolic stroke. As the use of intra-arterial thrombolysis increases, transcatheter snare removal of pharmacologically resistant clot may be considered as a salvage strategy.
Alkyl Propoxy Ethoxylate “Graded” Surfactants: Micelle Formation and Structure in Aqueous Solutions

The self-assembly of alkyl propoxy ethoxylate surfactants in aqueous solutions has been investigated with a focus on the (i) thermodynamics of micellization (critical micellization concentration; free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of micellization) and (ii) structure of the micelles (overall shape and size; local environment in the micelle core and corona) as affected by the surfactant composition (variation of degree of ethoxylation). The various results are compared to those for alkyl ethoxylate and poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide) amphiphiles with the aim to elucidate the role of the middle, propoxy, block in the novel alkyl propoxy ethoxylate surfactants which exhibit a “graded” hydrophobic−hydrophilic character.
Toxoplasma gondii inhibits granzyme B-mediated apoptosis by the inhibition of granzyme B function in host cells

Host defense to the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is critically dependent on CD8+ T cells, whose effector functions include the induction of apoptosis in target cells following the secretion of granzyme proteases. Here we demonstrate that T. gondii induces resistance of host cells to apoptosis induced by recombinant granzyme B. Granzyme B induction of caspase-independent cytochrome c release was blocked in T. gondii-infected cells. Prevention of apoptosis could not be attributed to altered expression of the Bcl-2 family of apoptotic regulatory proteins, but was instead associated with reduced granzyme B-mediated, caspase-independent cleavage of procaspase 3 to the p20 form in T. gondii-infected cells, as well as reduced granzyme B-mediated cleavage of the artificial granzyme B substrate, GranToxiLux. The reduction in granzyme B proteolytic function in T. gondii-infected cells could not be attributed to altered granzyme B uptake or reduced trafficking of granzyme B to the cytosol, implying a T. gondii-mediated inhibition of granzyme B activity. Apoptosis and GranToxiLux cleavage were similarly inhibited in T. gondii-infected cells exposed to the natural killer-like cell line YT-1. The endogenous granzyme B inhibitor PI-9 was not up-regulated in infected cells. We believe these findings represent the first demonstration of granzyme B inhibition by a cellular pathogen and indicate a new modality for host cell protection by T. gondii that may contribute to parasite immune evasion.
A note on Biedenharn's triple correlation-angle functions

Abstract Two tables of triple correlation-angle functions (also known as Biedenharn functions) have been constructed by using a specially designed FORTRAN program for a VAX running under VMS version 5.1-1. We designed this program for the purpose of computing exactly Biedenharn functions of any order between 0 ≤ v 0 , v 1 , v 2 ≤ 30.
Reframing protected species interactions with commercial fishing gear: Moving toward estimating the unobservable

Abstract Traditional methods for estimating sea turtle, marine mammal, and seabird bycatch in commercial fisheries risk underestimating the number of “takes,” or “interactions,” as defined by protective legislation. We propose a conceptual framework within which fisheries interactions can be classified as “observable” and can be quantified through fisheries observer data, or as “unobservable” and can sometimes be quantified through fisheries observer data or experimental research. Some unobservable interactions will remain unquantifiable. We describe the research goal to develop methods of quantifying those interactions that are currently unquantifiable, and to assess the rate of serious injury or mortality associated with all types of fisheries interactions.
Ab initio configuration interaction study of the structure and magnetic properties of radicals and radical ions derived from group 13–15 trihydrides

Abstract The structures, characteristic vibrations and magnetic properties of two isoelectronic series of radicals and radical ions derived from group 13–15 trihydrides have been investigated by post-Hartree-Fock theoretical techniques. Moller-Plesset perturbation theory based on an unrestricted Hartree-Fock determinant has been employed to determine the structures and vibrational frequencies in the 9-electron series, BH−3, CH3, and NH+3. These species are found to be planar. Spin density distributions and ionization energetics have been estimated using a variational configuration interaction procedure. A positive electron affinity for BH3 has not been demonstrated. The effect of out-of-plane vibrations on the hyperfine coupling constants is determined at a similar level of theory. In the 17-electron series AlH−3, SiH3, and PH+3, pyramidal structures are found by using and extended split-valence basis at the SCF level. The computed harmonic force field suggests that a tentative assignment of a matrix isolated infrared spectrum to SiH3 is incorrect. This conclusion is reinforced by calculation of the vibrational intensity patterns. Hyperfine interaction tensors computed at the optimized geometries from the UHF wavefunction with a more complete polarized double-zeta basis set are in accord with experiment. Vibrational effects are estimated by averaging the UHF spin density over an energy surface determined by second-order perturbation theory. Corrections due to vibrations are smaller than in the carbon series and single-point configuration interaction calculations confirm the reliability of the UHF spin densities.
Authentic Assessment in Action: A “R-E-A-L” Solution

Authentic assessment is a growing alternative to conventional testing. This research-to-practice article describes a framework for implementing authentic assessment. The R-E-A-L framework shows how r oles, e quipment, a ssessment tools, and l ocation can be incorporated into early childhood practices.
The resonance theory for stochastic layers in nonlinear dynamic systems

Abstract A theory of stochastic layers is developed for a better understanding of the resonant mechanism of stochastic layers in nonlinear Hamiltonian systems. A criterion based on an accurate whisker map and resonant conditions is developed for prediction of the onset of resonance in the stochastic layer. The onset of a specific primary resonance between the periodic forcing and periodic orbit of the integrable Hamiltonian system in the stochastic layer is predicted analytically. A forced, twin-well Duffing oscillator is investigated as a sample problem for prediction of a specified resonance in the stochastic layer. Verification of the analytical prediction is carried out through a symplectic numerical integration scheme. The analytical and numerical results are in good agreement.
Efficient two-write WOM-codes

A Write Once Memory (WOM) is a storage medium with binary memory elements, called cells, that can change from the zero state to the one state only once. Examples of WOMs are punch cards, optical disks, and more recently flash memories. A t-write WOM-code is a coding scheme for storing t messages in n cells in such a way that each cell can change its value only from the zero state to the one state. The WOM-rate of a t-write WOM-code is the ratio of the total amount of information written to the WOM in t writes to the number of cells. In this paper we present a family of 2-write WOM-codes. It is shown how to construct from each linear code C a 2-write WOM-code. Then, we find 2-write WOM-codes that improve the best known WOM-rate with two writes. This scheme is proved to be capacity achieving when the parity check matrix of the linear code C is chosen uniformly at random. Finally, we show how to take advantage of 2-write WOM-codes in order to construct codes for the Blackwell channel.
Regulation of GP63 mRNA stability in promastigotes of virulent and attenuated Leishmania chagasi.

Abstract GP63 is a 63-kDa glycoprotein that is abundantly expressed on the surface of all Leishmania species and is involved in several steps of promastigote infection of host cells. Leishmania chagasi has at least 18 haploid msp (major surface protease) genes encoding GP63 that are divided into three classes, mspS, mspL or mspC, according to their unique 3′ UTR sequences and differential expression. All three msp classes are constitutively transcribed during virulent promastigote growth in vitro, although mspL mRNA is most abundant during logarithmic phase and mspS mRNA predominates in stationary phase. Thus, the steady state levels of the mspL and mspS mRNAs are post-transcriptionally regulated. Using Actinomycin D to arrest transcription, we found that in virulent promastigotes the half-life (t1/2) of mspL mRNA is coordinately modulated with growth phase, decreasing from a mean of 84 min during early logarithmic growth to a mean of 17 min at a stage intermediate between logarithmic and stationary phase. However, in attenuated promastigotes, the t1/2 of mspL RNA remains the same throughout parasite growth. In contrast to mspL RNA, the t1/2 of mspS and mspC RNA is constant throughout all growth phases of both virulent and attenuated promastigote growth. The presence of the translation inhibitor cycloheximide increases the t1/2 of mspL RNA 4–6-fold in both virulent and attenuated promastigotes at all growth phases. These results indicate that the t1/2 of mspL RNA is maintained by at least two distinct mechanisms — one activated during growth to stationary phase and the other dependent on a labile negative regulatory protein factor(s).
The Relationship between Parental Social Class and Endorsement of Items on the Protestant Ethic and Conservatism Scales

The influence of family background, especially parental social class on offsprings' value orientations has led to much debate. The correlations between parental social class and endorsement of the Mirels and Garrett Protestant Ethic Scale and Wilson and Patterson's Conservatism Scale for a sample of 108 undergraduates were significant between lower-class background and endorsement on both scales.
Calculation of the hidden symmetry operator in -symmetric quantum mechanics

In a recent paper it was shown that if a Hamiltonian H has an unbroken symmetry, then it also possesses a hidden symmetry represented by the linear operator . The operator commutes with both H and . The inner product with respect to is associated with a positive norm and the quantum theory built on the associated Hilbert space is unitary. In this paper it is shown how to construct the operator for the non-Hermitian -symmetric Hamiltonian H = 1/2p2 + 1/2x2 + ix3 using perturbative techniques. It is also shown how to construct the operator for H = 1/2p2 + 1/2x2 − x4 using nonperturbative methods.
Reaction Hamiltonian method for chemical reactions: Effect of indistinguishable nuclei

Abstract The treatment of chemical reactions based on the theory of quantum transitions developed by the authors is generalized to include indistinguishable nuclei. The reaction HI+H→H2+I, for which an effect due to indistinguishable nuclei has been recently observed, is analyzed.
Frequent rearrangements of rRNA-encoding chromosomes in Giardia lamblia

The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes in Giardia lamblia are present as short tandem arrays of a 5.6 Kb repeat unit on at least six telomeres. Four of these telomeres have the same overall organisation comprising a domain ranging in size from 25 to 300 Kb, delineated chromosome internally by a conserved island of restriction enzyme sites. Cloned lines of G. lamblia derived from the WB strain contain polymorphic subsets of chromosomes encoding rRNA genes. However, changes in the size of the rRNA telomere domains of these polymorphic chromosomes alone cannot account for the total size changes in the chromosomes. The rearrangement events are very frequent: 60% of subcloned lines had discrete rearranged karyotypes that differed from each other, suggesting either an estimated rearrangement rate that may be as high as 3% per division or a cloning-induced rearrangement event. The extreme plasticity of the genome has obvious implications for the maintenance of a functional genome and the control of gene expression in Giardia.
Blood orchestrates a leukocyte integrin trio

[Comment on Gupta et al, page 3513,][1][comment on Eisenhardt et al, page 3521, and][2][comment on Kuijpers et al, page 3529][3]The regulated activation of leukocyte integrins is essential for normal host defense because it restricts their activity to sites of bacterial invasion and inflammation and
Experiences of African American adolescent fathers

Social and cultural factors influence the experience of fatherhood. This descriptive focus-group study describes the lived experience of fatherhood from the perspectives of 5 unmarried, low-income, African American adolescent fathers in a Midwestern urban area. Naturalistic inquiry approach guided the study. Seven themes of fatherhood emerged: barriers to fatherhood, value of fatherhood, introduction to fatherhood, competencies of fatherhood, role-set relationships, social norms of fatherhood, and father-child contact. This study suggests that nurses should support the involvement of adolescent fathers with their children. Future study may determine the influence of adult female family members on the decisions of adolescent fathers to remain involved with their children.
Control and alignment of segmented-mirror telescopes: matrices, modes, and error propagation

Starting from the successful Keck telescope design, we construct and analyze the control matrix for the active control system of the primary mirror of a generalized segmented-mirror telescope, with up to 1000 segments and including an alternative sensor geometry to the one used at Keck. In particular we examine the noise propagation of the matrix and its consequences for both seeing-limited and diffraction-limited observations. The associated problem of optical alignment of such a primary mirror is also analyzed in terms of the distinct but related matrices that govern this latter problem.
Metabolism of arachidonate in rat testis: Characterization of 26–30 carbon polyenoic acids

Fatty acid methyl esters of long-chain polyenoic fatty acids (LCPA) from rat testis injected with [1-14C] arachidonate were analyzed and separated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Earlier, all previously identified LCPA were prepared in high purity along with 4 previously unidentified fatty acids, which were further characterized by capillary gas chromatography (GC), catalytic hydrogenation and alkaline isomerization. Unidentified fatty acids proved to be 26∶4, 26∶5, 28∶5 and 30∶5. All of these LCPA incorporated14C from arachidonate (20∶4) to specific activities that were comparable to that of 20∶4 and previously identified metabolites of 20∶4 and much greater than specific activities of 18∶1n−9 or 22∶6n−3. LCPA were analyzed on a capillary GC system capable of resolving knowncis-trans and positional isomers of the n−3, n−6, n−7 and n−9 families of unsaturated fatty acids. Log plots of isothermal retention times and normal plots of temperature programmed retention times were linear (r=0.999) in carbon number when values for known and previously unidentified LCPA of 4 or 5 double bonds, respectively, were coplotted. Thus, the newly identified fatty acids belong to the n−6 family of fatty acids synthesized from arachidonic acid.
A Low-Resolution Unchopped Radiometer for Satellites

The blackbody temperature and the albedo of a planet, and the variation of both parameters with latitude, longitude, and time, are of great value in understanding the climatic and meteorological conditions of the planet. An unchopped radiometer with a wide but restricted field of view is capable of such temperature and albedo measurements. Coated thermistors mounted in highly reflective cones serve as detectors. Their performance as sensor elements is analyzed in detail herein to prove the feasibility of the measurement. The simplicity of the instrumentation and the low information bandwidth required make the experiment equally attractive for earth satellites and space probes.
Sensitivity analysis of statistical crop—weather models

Abstract A sensitivity analysis of statistical crop—weather models has been performed. The models considered in this study are of the type developed by Thompson, which predict yields from climatic variables using empirical relations derived from historical yields and weather. Ridge regression is used to perform the sensitivity analysis. The results of this sensitivity analysis indicate that the estimated coefficients for these models can be quite variable. These results have significant implications concerning: (1) the appropriate statistical methodology for developing yield models; and (2) the limitations inherent in using these models to assess the impact of climatic variability or change on food production.
Can magma-injection and groundwater forces cause massive landslides on Hawaiian volcanoes?

Landslides with volumes exceeding 1000 km3 have occurred on the flanks of Hawaiian volcanoes. Because the flanks typically slope seaward no more than 12 °, the mechanics of slope failure are problematic. Limit-equilibrium analyses of wedge-shaped slices of the volcano flanks show that magma injection at prospective headscarps might trigger the landslides, but only under very restrictive conditions. If static magma weight is the sole source of magma pressure, hypothetical flank failures can have any size, but can occur only if slip-surface friction angles are less than about 16 °. If slip surfaces have friction angles more typical of fragmented or intact rocks (30–40 °), flank failures can occur only if mean magma pressures exceed static equilibrium pressures. Landslide length then scales with the excess magma pressure divided by the buoyant unit weight of the volcano flank. For typical excess magma pressures, buoyant unit weights and rock friction angles, the largest landslides that might be triggered in this manner have lengths of only several kilometers. This is at least an order of magnitude too small to explain the occurrence of giant Hawaiian landslides. The growing mass of active Hawaiian volcanoes can compress the edifice and substrate rocks and consequently produce groundwater head gradients that might destabilize larger sectors of the volcano flanks. However, calculations show that volcano growth at an estimated long-term vertical rate of 0.02 m/yr can generate significant head gradients only if an areally extensive, buried clay layer exists that has a great thickness (~ 200 m) or very low hydraulic diffusivity (~ 10−11 m2/s). Additional calculations show that groundwater head gradients associated with topographically induced flow and sea-level change are less likely to be important. Thus a simple, quantitative explanation for failure of Hawaiian volcano flanks remains elusive, and more complex scenarios may merit investigation.
Synaptic Mechanisms of Associative Memory in the Amygdala

Do associative learning and synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) depend on the same cellular mechanisms? Recent work in the amygdala reveals that LTP and Pavlovian fear conditioning induce similar changes in postsynaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors and that occluding these changes by viral-mediated overexpression of a dominant-negative GluR1 construct attenuates both LTP and fear memory in rats. Novel forms of presynaptic plasticity in the lateral nucleus may also contribute to fear memory formation, bolstering the connection between synaptic plasticity mechanisms and associative learning and memory.
CONTINUOUS IV AND SC DESFERRIOXAMINE THERAPY IN β-THALASSEMIA

Desferrioxamine (DF) has recently proven to be extremely efficacious in inducing iron excretion when administered as an IV or SC infusion. To determine appropriate IV drug doses for thalassemic children of different ages, we performed 17 dose-response studies on patients from 5 to 26 years old. Each child received 4 one-week courses of IV DF at doses of 20, 40, 60 and 80mg/kg. Three patients received SC DF by portable infusion pump at 20 mg/kg over 8 hours for one week and 16 hours another week. At 20 mg/kg, drug efficiency (urinary Iron excretion/theoretical maximum excretion) was 55% in the youngest group but fell rapidly as the dose was increased. In contrast, drug efficiency was 86% in patients over 11 years and dropped off slowly to 62% at 80 mg/kg. At the same dose, SC DF given over 8 hours was shown to be almost as effective as 16 hours SC and 24 hours IV DF, permitting over-night SC administration. Thus, drug dose and route of administration should be adjusted according to age and requirements.
Maltreatment prevention through early childhood intervention: A confirmatory evaluation of the Chicago Child-Parent Center preschool program

Abstract Increased recognition of the consequences associated with child maltreatment has led to greater emphasis on its prevention. Promising maltreatment prevention strategies have been identified, but research continues to suffer from methodological limitations and a narrow focus on select prevention models. This investigation uses data from the Chicago Longitudinal Study to examine mediating mechanisms that link the Chicago Child–Parent Center preschool program to a reduction in overall child maltreatment and, more specifically, child neglect. We use structural equation modeling to test child, family, and school measures hypothesized to mediate the effects of CPC participation on maltreatment and neglect. Results indicate that a substantial proportion of the program's impacts can be accounted for by family support processes, including increased parent involvement in school and maternal educational attainment as well as decreased family problems. The CPC program's association with reduced school mobility and increased attendance in higher-quality schools also significantly mediated its effects on maltreatment and neglect. Further, a decrease in troublemaking behavior contributed modestly to mediating the program's association with maltreatment but not neglect. We discuss the implications of these results for the field of maltreatment prevention.
Molecular Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Differentiation

The heart is the first organ to form during embryonic development. Given the complex nature of cardiac differentiation and morphogenesis, it is not surprising that some form of congenital heart disease is present in ≈1 percent of newborns. The molecular determinants of heart development have received much attention over the past several decades. This has been driven in large part by an interest in understanding the causes of congenital heart disease coupled with the potential of using knowledge from developmental biology to generate functional cells and tissues that could be used for regenerative medicine purposes. In this review, we highlight the critical signaling pathways and transcription factor networks that regulate cardiomyocyte lineage specification in both in vivo and in vitro models. Special focus will be given to epigenetic regulators that drive the commitment of cardiomyogenic cells from nascent mesoderm and their differentiation into chamber-specific myocytes, as well as regulation of myocardial trabeculation.
Modeling and performance of polysilicon thin film transistor circuits on stainless steel foil substrates

We have successfully fabricated a variety of analog and digital thin film transistor circuits on a flexible stainless steel foil substrate, the majority of which serve display driver purposes. We have modeled the operation of a number of different circuits, in order to determine how the substrate affects their performance. We have verified that a major performance-limiting factor in this type of circuits is the parasitic capacitance to the conductive substrate. The results of our analysis can also provide for some basic guidelines to aid future design and development.
MODELING INTEROCCUPATIONAL RELATIONS IN A REGIONAL LABOR MARKET

Interoccupational relations are discussed in terms of the formation, interoccupational transfer and absorption of vacant job opportunities as first explored by White (1970a). This article proceeds through several steps to develop Markov and Leontief models of the vacancy transfer process. It explores their use in simulating impacts of economic and demographic events on occupational mobility, and their interpretation and use as linear programs. A numerical illustration based on U.S. Census (1973) data for Utah is presented. Application of well-known mathematical theorems to analyze the job vacancy transfer process within a regional labor market provides a means to explore previously unidentified relationships between economics, demographics and occupational mobility.
Larval age affects resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

We evaluated responses of neonates and 3rd instars from susceptible and resistant colonies of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), to leaf residues of formulated Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. In both susceptible and resistant colonies, neonates were significantly less susceptible than 3rd instars. This difference may be caused by the leaf-mining habit of neonates, greater physiological tolerance of neonates to B. thuringiensis, or both. Stronger expression of resistance in 3rd instars than in neonates was indicated by a significant colony X instar interaction in mortality and by higher resistmlce ratios for 3rd instars than for neonates. For both neonates and 3rd instars, mortality between 2 and 5 days after treatment was significantly lower for resistant larvae than for susceptible larvae. Susceptible and resistant neonates had similar feeding behavior.
Carbon mesophase-substrate interactions

Abstract The formation, growth and coalescence of mesophase materials have been followed by hot stage microscopy and by room temperature examination of polished surfaces for various mesophase-forming materials and in the presence of various substrates. The appearance of mesophase particles should be preceded by polymerization of isotropic material into sheet-like molecules, followed by orientation of the sheet-like molecules into ordered regions. Precipitation, growth and coalescence should require ordering of small molecules in a viscous medium. Our results indicate that dynamic motion in the fluid, rather than the presence of nucleating particles, is the controlling factor, very likely reflecting a small mesophase-isotropic liquid interfacial energy. Where dynamic motion is restricted, as in the interstices of a yarn, mesophase formation and growth are also restricted. Alignment of mesophase material with a substrate is primarily controlled by the motion of the mesophase droplets as they flow across the substrate. In general, substrates are not wetted by mesophase in the presence of isotropic material. Certain surfaces are wetted by the mesophase droplets but alignment appears to be controlled more by flow orientation than by surface energy interaction.
Indicators of a Successful Naturally Occurring Retirement Community: A Case Study

A naturally occurring retirement community (NORC) with supportive service programs holds great promise for providing cost-effective services to enable seniors to age in place. This article describes program activities, services, partnerships, and indicators for a successful 3-mile suburban neighborhood NORC. Program evaluation of participation and exit data are powerful indicators of success: St. Louis NORC's nursing home placement rate is 2% compared to the national average of 4.5%, and its state average of 4.8%. A case study demonstrates the importance of resident awareness of availability of NORC services and home modifications.
TU‐C‐BRB‐07: Comparison of Preclinical and Clinical Conformal Radiation Therapy Techniques and Protocols to Establish a Translational Pathway

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the techniques and protocols used in clinical radiation therapy and recently developed preclinical image guided micro irradiation to establish a link between small animal conformal irradiation and clinical treatment protocols. This work will establish protocols that, according to treatment site, will facilitate the translation of conclusions from radiobiological experiments to clinical applications, fostering the advancement of radiotherapy.Methods: Data was gathered using our small animal image guided micro irradiation device, the microIGRT, as an example of preclinical techniques which mimic equivalent clinical treatment protocols. The microIGRT utilizes fractionated treatments, multibeam irradiations, modulated beams, image guided treatment verification, and doses to emulate clinical protocols. Consequently, it is well suited to establish parametric comparisons between clinical and preclinical techniques. In this study, we concentrated on two treatment sites, brain and lung, to define treatment conformality index, homogeneity, penumbra, PDD, and fractionated doses to establish a link to guide radiobiological experiments using clinical protocols as a gold standard. Results: Three and five beam irradiations were delivered to a small animal body and head phantom with radiochromic film to simulate lung and braintreatment. A three beam irradiation to the lung yielded a 625 um penumbra. Compare this value with a human treatment penumbra of 1 cm, and penumbra scales as the ratio between body sizes. The homogeneity of our system is similar to the 10% typically used in clinical treatment planning.Conclusions: By comparing preclinical and clinical treatment metrics, the extent of translation can be determined and improved, leading to better understanding of preclinical results and improved correlation with clinical procedures. This will lead to more clinically based preclinical experiments and improve translation efficiency between the two testing environments, thus providing new clinical treatment strategies and improved human cancer treatment.
Tanzanian newspaper poetry: political commentary in verse

By the 1910s, swahiliphone newspapers in what was then Deutsch-Ostafrika featured poetry as a mainstay of the newspaper form. Swahili poetry, mostly written by nonprofessional poets, remains a standard element of contemporary Swahili language newspapers throughout Tanzania today. This essay, featuring numerous newspaper poems translated by the author in collaboration with master Kenyan poet Abdilatif Abdalla, offers an overview of the genre from its emergence in the colonial era to the end of the twentieth century with an emphasis on praise poems about three political rulers: (1) German colonial-era poems about Kaiser Wilhelm II; (2) British colonial-era poems about King George V; and (3) post-independence poems about first president Julius Nyerere published at various points in his political career and following his death. By examining these poems within their political and historical contexts, I seek to construct a poetry-driven, citizens' narrative of Nyerere's political career and explore the poetics ...
Failure of operative cholangiography to prevent retained common duct stones.

Abstract In a survey of all explorations of the common bile duct for stones in three Syracuse hospitals between 1963 and 1970, we selected 302 patients who had had T tube cholangiograms before discharge. Retained stones were identified in forty-one patients (14 per cent). In thirty of these forty-one patients operative cholangiography performed after surgical exploration failed to disclose the stones. (In eleven patients no operative study was performed.) Operative cholangiography also disclosed stones that would have been overlooked. However, in this series, it seems that undue reliance had been placed on cholangiography and that some surgeons were unaware of one or more of the following pitfalls in the procedure, each of which is illustrated in this report: (1) Contrast material too dense: If the limbs of the T tube cannot be seen within the duct, stones may also be obscured by the contrast material. Laboratory tests have led us to use two parts saline solution to one part 50 per cent Hypaque or its equivalent. (2) Stone in motion: If all exposures are made during injection, the stone may be rolling and not visualized. (3) Incomplete filling: Finger occlusion of the distal duct will assure complete proximal filling. Dilute contrast medium allows filling without obscuring stones. (4) Failure to get cassette properly positioned or to use proper exposure: We have found that Polaroid film with the ducts filled serves equally as well as an early preliminary film to avoid these errors. (5) Duct over spine: We position the patient on the table with the left side elevated 15 to 20 degrees, which rotates the duct off the vertebra. (6) Superimposition of ducts: Exposures must be made in at least two projections to avoid this pitfall. (7) Failure to consult (or heed) the radiologist: Confidence in inadequate studies is inappropriate and, even if excellent cholangiograms can be obtained, the completeness of surgical exploration must in no way be lessened. Only then will the surgical and radiographic searches for retained stones be additive.
The Possible Role of GPI-Ceruloplasmin in Hypoxia De Novo Creation and Maintenance

Ceruloplasmin is a member of the multicopper oxidases family (MCOs), multidomain proteins capable of oxidizing many structurally unrelated compounds reducing oxygen to water. While MCOs show great oxidative versatility, they can only transfer electrons to molecular oxygen, which is the obligate electron acceptor. Therefore, MCOs should also be considered as ‘‘O2 consuming enzymes’’. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored ceruloplasmin (GPI-Cp) isoform present on the surface of the plasma membrane, does not seem to be involved in copper and iron metabolism. Since hypoxia is also a common feature of many rapidly growing solid tumors, we postulate that the regulation of GPI-Cp could be the molecular event in the creation and the maintenance of hypoxia in tumor cells. By inhibiting the GPI-Cp expression, it would appear possible to attempt to overcome tumor hypoxia, thus improving the efficiency of radiotherapy.
Experience with Touch Panel Control at SLAC

The touch panel man-machine interface system was developed at SLAC to help implement control room consolidation. The decision to consolidate the two accelerator-research area control rooms was made in 1970 in order to increase operating efficiency. 1 An acoustical touch-panel was proposed and developed. 2 A cross-wire touch panel was implemented when it appeared that it could be produced more quickly and at a lower cost. We now have eight cross-wire systems and one acoustic system installed as control surfaces in our Main Control Center. These control surfaces are mounted over standard C.R.T. video monitors to form the control-display unit. We chose this method of control and display over competing systems such as light-penunits because of the ease of control. Lightpens become a burden when several displays are mounted side-by-side. The operator is required to make many changes on all three units of a group and the use of lightpens would be too time consuming. ’
Theoretical investigation of intermediate phases between Li 2 NH and LiNH 2

Lithium imide $({\text{Li}}_{2}\text{NH})$ has been considered as a promising medium for hydrogen storage with the following reaction: ${\text{LiNH}}_{2}+\text{LiH}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{\text{Li}}_{2}\text{NH}+{\text{H}}_{2}$. All possible phases involved in the reaction need to be fully characterized in order to understand the right pathway connecting the two end compounds ${\text{LiNH}}_{2}$ and ${\text{Li}}_{2}\text{NH}$ and to further improve its reaction condition to meet the requirements of practical applications. We study from first-principles calculations the possible intermediate compounds ${\text{Li}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{NH}}_{1+x}$ between ${\text{Li}}_{2}\text{NH}$ and ${\text{LiNH}}_{2}$. Based on the energetics results, possible intermediate phases are identified for $0lx\ensuremath{\le}1/4$. On the other hand, the intermediate phases are not thermodynamically favorable for $3/4\ensuremath{\le}xl1$ with respect to phase separation into ${\text{Li}}_{2}\text{NH}$ and ${\text{LiNH}}_{2}$. The NH and ${\text{NH}}_{2}$ anions coexist in the intermediate compounds, but the electronic states derived from these two units are well separated in energy. The band gap of the intermediate compounds is also smaller than that of both ${\text{Li}}_{2}\text{NH}$ and ${\text{LiNH}}_{2}$. These signatures from the electronic structure will provide useful guidelines for experimental efforts to search for the intermediate phases.
Multiple-Packet Recovery Technique using Partially-Overlapped Block Codes

We present a multiple-packet recovery technique using a set of partially-overlapped nonbinary block codes. By reusing otherwise wasted information in the neighboring frames, it can recover a larger number of lost packets than the number of redundant packets in a frame, without increasing the asymptotic complexity of its decoding algorithm. A sample encoder/decoder pair is implemented as a soft IP to demonstrate a practical use of the proposed technique.