cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recoverin Undergoes Light-dependent Intracellular Translocation in Rod Photoreceptors *

Photoreceptor cells have a remarkable capacity to adapt the sensitivity and speed of their responses to ever changing conditions of ambient illumination. Recent studies have revealed that a major contributor to this adaptation is the phenomenon of light-driven translocation of key signaling proteins into and out of the photoreceptor outer segment, the cellular compartment where phototransduction takes place. So far, only two such proteins, transducin and arrestin, have been established to be involved in this mechanism. To investigate the extent of this phenomenon we examined additional photoreceptor proteins that might undergo light-driven translocation, focusing on three Ca(2+)-binding proteins, recoverin and guanylate cyclase activating proteins 1 (GCAP1) and GCAP2. The changes in the subcellular distribution of each protein were assessed quantitatively using a recently developed technique combining serial tangential sectioning of mouse retinas with Western blot analysis of the proteins in the individual sections. Our major finding is that light causes a significant reduction of recoverin in rod outer segments, accompanied by its redistribution toward rod synaptic terminals. In both cases the majority of recoverin was found in rod inner segments, with approximately 12% present in the outer segments in the dark and less than 2% remaining in that compartment in the light. We suggest that recoverin translocation is adaptive because it may reduce the inhibitory constraint that recoverin imposes on rhodopsin kinase, an enzyme responsible for quenching the photo-excited rhodopsin during the photoresponse. To the contrary, no translocation of rhodopsin kinase itself or either GCAP was identified.
Spontaneous Neural Activity Is Required for the Establishment and Maintenance of the Olfactory Sensory Map

We have developed a genetic approach to examine the role of spontaneous activity and synaptic release in the establishment and maintenance of an olfactory sensory map. Conditional expression of tetanus toxin light chain, a molecule that inhibits synaptic release, does not perturb targeting during development, but neurons that express this molecule in a competitive environment fail to maintain appropriate synaptic connections and disappear. Overexpression of the inward rectifying potassium channel, Kir2.1, diminishes the excitability of sensory neurons and more severely disrupts the formation of an olfactory map. These studies suggest that spontaneous neural activity is required for the establishment and maintenance of the precise connectivity inherent in an olfactory sensory map.
Generalized Kubas Complexes as a Novel Means for Room Temperature Molecular Hydrogen Storage

We propose that generalized Kubas complexes of molecular hydrogen with light metal elements, such as B and Be embedded in carbon nanostructures, or related Be and B materials, could offer breakthrough performance in room temperature hydrogen storage. First-principles local-density functional calculations show that hydrogen bound to these materials are intact, in similarity to physisorbed H 2 , but with a greatly enhanced adsorption energy in the range of 0.2–0.7 eV. The metal-H 2 binding is attributed to the Coulombic interaction between holes created at the metal sites and Σ electrons of the H 2 . Management of the hole density and electron-hole orbital overlap thus enables us to control the binding strength of H 2 for optimal storage properties.
Seasonal variability in mesopause region temperatures over Fort Collins, CO (41°N, 105°W) based on lidar observations, 1990 through 2007

Abstract Nearly 900 nocturnal temperature profiles (85–105 km) from the Colorado State University Na lidar at Fort Collins, CO (40.59N, 105.14W) from 1990 to 2007. After the removal of an episodic warming attributable to Mt. Pinatubo eruption, the time series is analyzed as the sum of the climatological mean, annual and semiannual oscillation, solar cycle effect and trends along with possible annual/semiannual modulation of the latter two. The direct seasonal variation is consistent with the concept of the two-level mesopause. The trends in summer and winter are comparable 90–96 km at ∼−0.15±0.1 K/year. The summer trend turns positive above 96 km. The winter trend is negative with minimum of ∼−0.3 K/year at ∼100 km but positive at ∼104 km. The negative trend values are a factor of five smaller than an earlier analysis of the early part of this data due to removal of an episodic event.
Abutment stress in overdentures

Abstract Using a three-dimensional photoelastic model, the relative merits of five overdenture retainers were compared. The soft liner system produced the highest stress concentrations. The retainer systems with intimate contact between the denture base and the abutment tooth showed similar stress concentrations. Relieving the denture base adjacent to the male portion of the retainer could reduce the stress pattern materially and thereby provide a vertical space between the denture base and the abutment tooth. The resultant vertical stress-breaking effect did not affect the edentulous ridge-bearing area in any manner.
Movement adaptation in the peripheral retina.

Abstract With strict fixation, the eye quickly adapts to moving periodic stimuli presented to the peripheral retina. A slowly spinning sector disk, 7° in diameter, will rapidly appear to slow down and come to a standstill (within 5–25 sec). The time required for this full motion adaptation decreases with (a) increasing retinal eccentricity (30–70°); (b) increasing number of sectors (16–60); and (c) decreasing speed of rotation (0.3–0.05 rev/sec). After the standstill, the disk fades from view in much the same way as a stationary stimulus (Troxler effect). A spinning disk presented to the temporal retina appears to stop about 2.5 times faster than a disk presented to the nasal side. Adapting one eye reduces the time of adaptation for the other eye by 70%. If an aperiodic sector disk is used, no standstill is perceived.
The path ahead: future trends in the assessment and treatment of TBI in the pediatric population

The current article serves as the concluding remarks to this special issue on the assessment and treatment of traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents. The article provides a brief discussion of the changing landscape of clinical and research endeavors within this population and potential directions for the future.
Neutrophil-like low-density granulocytes are elevated in patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma

Abstract Background Elevations in neutrophil-like low-density granulocytes (LDGs) are observed in association with disease severity in some autoimmune and other disorders. This study evaluated whether a similar association with disease severity is observed in asthma. Objective To determine LDG levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of subjects with intermittent or mild persistent asthma, subjects with moderate persistent or severe persistent (SP) asthma, and control subjects without a history or allergy or asthma. Methods A brief medical history and physical examination, spirometry, and measurement of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide were performed. The LDGs were quantified by polychromatic flow cytometry. Results The LDGs displaying the same phenotype as those described previously for LDGs in other diseases were significantly elevated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of subjects with moderate persistent or SP asthma. The LDGs comprised up to 39% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with elevated LDG levels most prevalent in subjects with SP asthma. The highest LDG levels were observed in 4 subjects with SP asthma. Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide levels and body mass were significantly increased in subjects with low LDG levels compared with control subjects, whereas fraction of exhaled nitric oxide levels and body mass were not elevated in subjects with moderate persistent or SP asthma and high LDG levels compared with control subjects. Conclusion These findings identify a previously unrecognized association between LDG levels and asthma severity. Identification of the factor(s) responsible for the increased LDG levels in moderate persistent or SP asthma may provide a serum biomarker to aid in the identification of neutrophil-associated phenotypes of severe asthma.
Distribution of cholesterol, cholesterol esters and phospholipid phosphorus in blood in thyroid disease.

Summary1. The distribution of total cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and phospho-lipid phosphorus was studied in the blood cells and plasma of thyroid patients. 2. The plasma cholesterol, plasma cholesterol ester, and plasma phospholipid phosphorus were found to be significantly increased in hypo-ihyroid patients. 3. The changes of the plasma lipids were less consistent in hyper-Ihyroidism. The plasma phospholipid phosphorus alone showed a significant decrease.4. The cell lipid values were found relatively constant both in hypo- and hypsrthyroidism.5. Definite changes were also found in the different lipid ratios in hypothyroidism. The plasma cholesterol ester/total cholesterol ratio and the plasma cholesterol/plasma phospholipid phosphorus ratio were significantly increased. The cell cholesterol/plasma cholesterol and the cell phospholipid phosphorus/plasma phospholipid phosphorus ratios were significantly decreased. Only the cell cholesterol/cell phospholipid phosphorus ratio remained unchanged. 6. In h...
Energy use, technical progress and productivity growth: A survey of economic issues

In this paper I survey and interpret several of the most important aspects underlying relationships among technical progress, productivity growth, and energy use, viewed from the vantage of an economist. The first portion of the paper provides a noneconomist with a nontechnical summary of the economic theory of cost and production, and defines single-factor and multi-factor productivity growth. In the second half of the paper, four examples are presented that highlight the special role of energy consumption in inducing and reflecting the effects of technical progress and productivity growth. A common theme in the four examples is that the concepts of embodiment, diffusion and learning are critical to understanding the forces linking energy usage, technical progress and productivity growth.
A Computational Investigation of a Molecular Switch

We have developed and implemented a computational experiment that explores the behavior of a [2]catenane as a molecular switch. The experiment introduces mechanically interlocked molecules and discusses their potential as artificial molecular machines. The relaxation rate and lifetime, as well as the ratio of the ground state and the metastable state configurations, are calculated in the gas phase as well as solvents of varying polarity using semiempirical quantum chemical calculations. The π–π donor–acceptor interactions between the two macrocycles comprising the catenane are probed via Hartree–Fock calculations of the frontier molecular orbitals. It is shown that NMR calculations may be employed to aid in the identification of various chemical species. The graphical user interface of the open-source molecular editor Avogadro was employed to visualize the crystal structure of the catenane, followed by quantum chemical calculations using the WebMO graphical interface.
Detachment of colloidal hydrous oxide spheres from flat solids exposed to flow 4. Effect of polyelectrolytes

Abstract Pretreatment of cellulose and glass surfaces with cationic polyelectrolytes greatly increased the force needed to detach titanium hydrous oxide spheres. The force of adhesion was as much as 30 times greater than the highest values obtained in the absence of polymers. The hydrodynamic shear stress required for detachment increased with pretreatment level, molecular mass, and decreasing cationic charge of the polymer. The results are consistent with the presence of polymeric bridging between the solids.
A system for automatically analyzing and correcting real-time experiment control programs

A system is described that automatically analyzes the time constraints in a real-time experiment control program and automatically makes corrections to that program to provide any degree of temporal accuracy desired by the experimenter within the capabilities of the hardware. A generalized procedure is presented to allow similar systems to be developed for most common languages and hardware platforms.
Amyloid-β induces disulfide bonding and aggregation of GAPDH in Alzheimer’s disease

SPECIFIC AIMSThe aims of this research were to 1) determine whether increased disulfide bonding of GAPDH occurs in brain tissue from both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and transgenic AD mice; 2...
Efficient resource management in OFDMA Femto cells

Femto cells are a cost-effective means of providing ubiquitous connectivity in future broadband wireless networks. While their primary purpose has been to improve coverage in current solutions, their decreased cell sizes in turn also provide improved cell capacity through increased spatial reuse. The demand for bandwidth-intensive IP services will soon necessitate the need to tap into this improved capacity. However, the lack of direct coordination between the macro and femto cells, and the completely distributed nature of femto cells make this an extremely challenging task. In this work, we address this challenge by providing efficient resource management solutions for OFDMA-based femto cells along with performance guarantees. In the process, we consider two models that tradeoff performance and overhead. We also propose a novel location-based resource management solution for leveraging maximal spatial reuse from femto cells. Our comprehensive evaluations indicate that in addition to providing improved coverage indoors, with carefully designed resource management solutions that leverage spatial reuse, femto cells have a great potential to increase the system performance by two folds.
Convolution engine: balancing efficiency & flexibility in specialized computing

This paper focuses on the trade-off between flexibility and efficiency in specialized computing. We observe that specialized units achieve most of their efficiency gains by tuning data storage and compute structures and their connectivity to the data-flow and data-locality patterns in the kernels. Hence, by identifying key data-flow patterns used in a domain, we can create efficient engines that can be programmed and reused across a wide range of applications.We present an example, the Convolution Engine (CE), specialized for the convolution-like data-flow that is common in computational photography, image processing, and video processing applications. CE achieves energy efficiency by capturing data reuse patterns, eliminating data transfer overheads, and enabling a large number of operations per memory access. We quantify the tradeoffs in efficiency and flexibility and demonstrate that CE is within a factor of 2-3x of the energy and area efficiency of custom units optimized for a single kernel. CE improves energy and area efficiency by 8-15x over a SIMD engine for most applications.
Management of Neuropathic Pain in Hospitalized Patients

1. Neuropathic pain is “pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system”. It can arise from either the peripheral or central nervous system. 2. Attempt to identify the underlying disease process that supports the diagnosis of neuropathic pain. 3. Invasivetesting (nerve conduction, electromyography, and so forth) and neuroimaging are rarely indicated in the hospital setting. If the diagnosis is uncertain or thought to be secondary to another confirmed diagnosis (malignancy, Parkinson, and so forth), then the respective specialist should be involved in care. 4. Neuropathic pain can be difficult to treat in the hospital setting. Assess pain severity and establish realistic expectations of treatment. 5. Identify comorbidities (eg, renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and other prescribed medications) that could be affected by treatment. 6. Initiate appropriate treatment with first-line agents, bearing in mind the side effect profiles and rate of onset. 7. Acute neuropathic pain can quickly be alleviated with opioid receptor agonists. Opioids can rapidly be titrated to effects and alleviate neuropathic pain of many causes. However, side effects and abuse potential can limit use. 8. Topical lidocaine is effective for localized neuropathic pain and has a rapid rate of onset, few systemic side effects, and can limit the doses of additional medications. 9. Tricyclics, other antidepressants, and gabapentin can take weeks to titrate to effect.
Bootheel lineament: A possible coseismic fault of the great New Madrid earthquakes

A remote sensing examination of the New Madrid seismic zone has revealed a feature, the Bootheel lineament, that may be the surface expression of one of the coseismic faults of the great New Madrid earthquakes of 1811 and 1812. The lineament extends about 135 km in a north-northeast direction through northeastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri. The morphology and pattern of the lineament suggest that it reflects a fault with strike-slip displacement. Field data indicate that liquefied sand was injected along the lineament, probably in 1811 and 1812. The Bootheel lineament does not coincide with any of the major arms of New Madrid seismicity, possibly indicating that the current seismicity does not precisely reflect the faults that ruptured in 1811 and 1812.
The Mind As Black Box: A Simulation of Theory Building in Psychology

This activity gives students a collaborative, hands-on experience in theory building. Using the metaphor "the mind is a black box," students work together in small groups to discover what is inside a sealed, black, plastic box. In all, 63 undergraduate and 11 graduate students evaluated the activity. Students reported that they enjoyed the activity and that it helped them learn more about the development of scientific theories; the existence of conflicting theories; and the value of logical thinking, imagination, and social collaboration in the process of scientific investigation.
Stroke: from observation to intervention

Steven R Levine speaks to Sarah Freeston, Commissioning Editor. Dr Steven R Levine is a tenured Professor of Neurology and Emergency Medicine and Vice Chairman of Neurology. He is also an Associate Dean for Clinical Research and Faculty Development. Dr Levine’s Research interests are in cerebrovascular disease and stroke. He completed his undergraduate education and Neurology Residency at the University of Michigan, Medical School at the Medical College of Wisconsin (WI, USA) and Fellowship in Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke at the Henry Ford Health Sciences Center/NIH Designated Center for Stroke Research (MI, USA). He was the Detroit area principal investigator for the NIH-funded National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Trial that led to the US FDA approval of the first treatment for acute ischemic stroke – tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Dr Levine’s research has been continuously NIH funded for the past 23 years; active in acute and preventive stroke clinical trials. Curre...
Ceramic Crucible for Melting Titanium

Research studies have resulted in the development of an oxygen-deficient zirconia material modified in a novel way to make it thermally stable and inert to molten titanium. It is possible to melt titanium in crucibles of this material with no significant increase in hardness. However, limitations regarding overheating and soaking must be taken into account.
Multiple hologram recording in a photopolymer with induced birefringence

Summary form only given. Polymer-based holographic recording materials are promising media for data storage applications. Among these, poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)-based materials have a long history. We present new results with one such material, consisting of PMMA with phenanthrenequinone (PQ) molecules. Specifically, the suitability of this material for holographic data storage will be discussed, as well as characterization of a novel optically induced birefringence.
Poor correlation between physician and patient assessment of quality of life in palliative care.

Poor correlation between physician and patient assessment of quality of life in palliative care
The therapeutic value of low-energy laser (LLLT) for enthesitis in children with juvenile spondyloarthropathies

In this pilot study we report 20 children with jSpA, diag-nosed based on both ESSG and ILAR criteria, which wetreated, in addition to standard NSAID therapy, withLLLT. We used gallium-aluminium-arsenide (Ga-Al-As)continued laser (Iskra Medical, Slovenia). The usual loca-tion of treatment was AC joints, infrapatelar and/or Achil-les' tendon insertions. The effects of therapy weredetermined using the 100 mm VAS scale for pain reportedby patient, before, and 1 month after the therapy. Usualtherapy consisted of 10-minute sessions on 10 consecu-tive days.
Chemical, Functional, and Nutritional Properties of Egusi (Colocynthis citrullus L.) Seed Protein Products

Egusi (Colocynthis citrullus L.) kernels contain 52.0% oil, 28.4% protein (60% in defatted flour), 2.7% fiber, 3.6% ash, and 8.2% carbohydrate. They are good sources of essential amino acids, especially arginine, tryptophan and methionine, vitamins B1, B2, and niacin, and S, Ca, Mg, Mn, K, P, Fe, and Zn. The oil contains mostly oleic (15.9%) and linoleic (62.8%) acids. Protein isolates that differ in gel electrophoretic patterns and amino acid content can be prepared from the flour in one- or two-step water and sodium hydroxide extractions. The water and oil holding capacities of the flour are 0.7 and 2.6 ml/g, respectively. Thick (mayonnaise-type) emulsions form in the alkaline pH range and a stable foam forms at pH 5.0. Nutritionally, lysine is the most limiting amino acid (chemical score, 52.4).
Secular Trends in Hip Fracture Occurrence and Survival Age and Sex Differences

The National Hospital Discharge Survey was used to analyze secular trends from 1965 to 1993 in hip fracture incidence and in-hospital survival in the White U.S. population 50 years of age and older. Age-specific fracture rates increased significantly for males in age groups 80-84 years and 85 years and older but not for younger males. For females, age-specific rates did not change significantly over the time period. Age-specific survival rates increased for both older males and females, but the increase was greatest for the older men. Why hip fracture incidence is increasing in older males but not in females and younger males is not clear. But the high lifetime prevalence of smoking in the older cohort of males may be a factor. With rising incidence rates in elderly males, prevention efforts, which have focused primarily on women because of their high fracture rates, should target both sexes.
The functions of self-injury in young adults who cut themselves: clarifying the evidence for affect regulation

The functions of non-suicidal self-injury were examined in 39 young adults with a history of skin-cutting and other self-injurious behaviors including banging, burning, and severe scratching. Consequences, affect-states, and reasons associated with self-injury were assessed by a structured interview. Results indicate that self-injury is associated with improvements in affective valence and decreases in affective arousal. Specifically, participants tended to feel overwhelmed, sad, and frustrated before self-injury, and relieved and calm after self-injury. Further, these affective changes predict lifetime frequency of self-injury, suggesting that they reinforce the behavior. Finally, although reasons for self-injury related to both affect-regulation (e.g., to release emotional pressure that builds up inside of me) and self-punishment (e.g., to express anger at myself) were endorsed by a majority of participants, affect-regulation reasons were overwhelmingly rated as primary and self-punishment reasons as secondary.
Grazing incidence telescopes for x-ray astronomy

With grazing incidence telescopes, x-ray astronomy became a major branch of astrophysics. They are an indispensable tool in the study of >10 6 K thermal and non-thermal high energy phenomena occurring in objects from the solar system to the most distant sites in the universe. They have shed light upon dark matter and dark energy. Four cosmic mis- sions with focusing grazing incidence x-ray telescopes based upon the Wolter 1 geometry are currently in space. They include two observatory class facilities launched in 1999, NASA's high resolution x-ray and ESA's high throughput XMM-Newton. Two others are Japan's Suzaku, perform- ing a variety of studies, and the Swift XRT, which finds precise positions for the x-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts. Four new cosmic missions with Wolter-like focusing telescopes are scheduled for launch. They will pro- vide much broader bandwidth (NuSTAR and Astro-H), perform a new sky survey with more exposure time and a broader energy range than previous surveys (eROSITA), have an imaging detector with much better energy resolution (Astro-H), and measure polarization (GEMS). The Kirkpatrick-Baez and the lobster-eye are two types of potentially useful grazing incidence telescopes that have not yet been in orbit. It may not be possible to improve upon Chandra's 0.5 arcsec resolution without new technology. © 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). (DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.51.1.011010)
A fuzzy edge-weighted centroidal Voronoi tessellation model for image segmentation

The centroidal Voronoi tessellation (CVT) is a special Voronoi tessellation whose generators are also the centers of mass of the corresponding Voronoi regions. The edge-weighted centroidal Voronoi tessellation (EWCVT) greatly improves the classic CVT model by adding an edge energy term in the energy functional, and has been proven to be very effective and efficient for image segmentation. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy edge-weighted centroidal Voronoi tessellation (FEWCVT) model which generalizes the EWCVT clustering with fuzzy membership information. The FEWCVT model novelly introduces an edge energy based on fuzzy clustering and naturally combines it into the EWCVT model, and thus appropriately combines the image intensity information with the length of cluster boundaries in a fuzzy form. In its simplest form, FEWCVT model reduces to the classic EWCVT model. An iterative algorithm is proposed for the FEWCVT model based on energy minimization. In the experiments, we apply the FEWCVT method to segment various types of images and also compare it with several existing fuzzy clustering methods to demonstrate its performance.
Development of a microparticulate HPV vaccine for oral delivery

Current HPV vaccines are effective in preventing infection with the vaccine types. However, the cost of the vaccine, infrastructure for cold chain and trained personnel, is a major barrier to its i...
Confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges

Observed stratigraphic ranges almost always underestimate true longevities. Strauss and Sadler (1987, 1989) provide a method for calculating confidence intervals on the endpoints of local stratigraphic ranges. Their method can also be applied to composite sections; confidence intervals may be placed on times of origin and extinction for entire species or lineages. Confidence interval sizes depend only on the length of the stratigraphic range and the number of fossil horizons. The technique's most important assumptions are that fossil horizons are distributed randomly and that collecting intensity has been uniform over the stratigraphic range. These assumptions are more difficult to test and less likely to be fulfilled for composite sections than for local sections.Confidence intervals give useful baseline estimates of the incompleteness of the fossil record, even if the underlying assumptions cannot be tested. Confidence intervals, which can be very large, should be calculated when the fossil record is used to assess absolute rates of molecular or morphological evolution, especially for poorly preserved groups. Confidence intervals have other functions: to determine how rich the fossil record has to be before radiometric dating errors become the dominant source of error in estimated times of origin or extinction; to predict future fossil finds; to predict which species with fossil records should be extant; and to assess phylogenetic hypotheses and taxonomic assignments.
Internal medicine resident knowledge, attitudes, and barriers to naloxone prescription in hospital and clinic settings

ABSTRACTBackground: The United States is facing an epidemic of opioid use and misuse leading to historically high rates of overdose. Community-based overdose education and naloxone distribution has effectively trained lay bystanders to recognize signs of overdose and administer naloxone for reversal. There has been a movement to encourage physicians to prescribe naloxone to all patients at risk of overdose; however, the rate of physician prescribing remains low. This study aims to describe resident knowledge of overdose risk assessment, naloxone prescribing practices, attitudes related to naloxone, and barriers to overdose prevention and naloxone prescription. Methods: The HOPE (Hospital-based Overdose Prevention and Education) Initiative is an educational campaign to teach internal medicine residents to assess overdose risk, provide risk reduction counseling, and prescribe naloxone. As part of a needs assessment, internal medicine residents at an academic medical center in Baltimore, Maryland, were surve...
SURGICAL TACTICS FOR INTESTINAL MALROTATION IN CHILDREN

Abstract: Many aspects of surgical treatment of intestinal malrotation in children remain to be debatable. In the opinion of the majority of the specialists, surgical treatment is required after the diagnosis taking into account serious complications of intestinal malrotation. Purpose. The purpose of this research was to conduct an analysis of surgical tactics and operative treatment method for isolated and associated intestinal malrotations in children. Material and methods. We observed 123 children at the age of one day to 15 years with malrotation during the period of 2002 to 2013. Results. We presented the data from observing 123 children at the age of one day to 15 years with various clinical-anatomic forms of intestinal malrotation over from 2002 to 2013. In 62 patients (50.4%), the evidences of the high intestinal obstruction were prevalent, while 61 (49.6%) showed signs of low intestinal obstruction. 116 patients (94,3%) were given operative intervention: radical – 95(81,9%) and palliative – 21 (18,1%). In 56 % of the cases, various simultaneous surgeries were required. There are proposed differential approaches in relation to anatomic form of malrotation and possibility of the fixation of large intestine in the physiological position. Conclusion. The results obtained from the operative treatment are presented. The lethal outcomes could be reduced from 54.7%, among the patients being observed from 2002 to 2010, to 16,7% in patients being operated during 2011 to 2013.
Production possibility frontiers and socioecological tradeoffs for restoration of fire adapted forests

We used spatial optimization to analyze alternative restoration scenarios and quantify tradeoffs for a large, multifaceted restoration program to restore resiliency to forest landscapes in the western US. We specifically examined tradeoffs between provisional ecosystem services, fire protection, and the amelioration of key ecological stressors. The results revealed that attainment of multiple restoration objectives was constrained due to the joint spatial patterns of ecological conditions and socioeconomic values. We also found that current restoration projects are substantially suboptimal, perhaps the result of compromises in the collaborative planning process used by federal planners, or operational constraints on forest management activities. The juxtaposition of ecological settings with human values generated sharp tradeoffs, especially with respect to community wildfire protection versus generating revenue to support restoration and fire protection activities. The analysis and methods can be leveraged by ongoing restoration programs in many ways including: 1) integrated prioritization of restoration activities at multiple scales on public and adjoining private lands, 2) identification and mapping of conflicts between ecological restoration and socioeconomic objectives, 3) measuring the efficiency of ongoing restoration projects compared to the optimal production possibility frontier, 4) consideration of fire transmission among public and private land parcels as a prioritization metric, and 5) finding socially optimal regions along the production frontier as part of collaborative restoration planning.
Single-Molecule Perspective on Mass Transport in Condensed Water Layers over Gradient Self-Assembled Monolayers

The mass transport of hydrophobic probe molecules on gradient self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is investigated in the presence of nanometer-thick layers of water condensed from the ambient atmosphere at low, moderate, and high relative humidity (RH). SAM gradients are prepared by vapor-phase deposition of 3-cyanopropyltrichlorosilane (CN) and octyltrichlorosilane (C8) onto silica and silicon substrates. The two-component gradients thus obtained run in opposite directions, with high CN coverage where C8 coverage is low. Gradient formation is confirmed by static water contact angle measurements. Ellipsometry is used to measure the thickness of both the gradient film and the condensed water layer. Atomic force microscopy demonstrates that the water layer comprises micrometer-sized islands of nanometer thickness over hydrophilic regions but is difficult to observe over hydrophobic regions. The diffusion of dye molecules along the gradient is studied by single-molecule tracking using a fluorescent perylene dii...
Analysis of crashes occurring on Florida six-lane roadways

The review of crashes occurring on the Florida state highway system revealed that non-limited access roadways with six or more lanes had fatality rates higher than 4-lane roadways. A number of factors including the variation of roadway geometrics and traffic characteristics on six-lane highways compared to four and two-lane highways are suspected to be the source of the difference. The purpose of this study was to build crash prediction models that would reveal significant variables that influence crashes on six-lane roadways and compare the design, maintenance and operational characteristics of these variables to those found on four-lane roadways. A Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) crash prediction model was developed based on crash frequency as a response variable and a number of roadway geometrics and traffic characteristics as independent variables. The model indicated that section AADT, number of access points, percentage of trucks in the traffic stream, and the width of the sidewalk had positive correlation with the crash frequency. In addition, the model showed that median width, shoulder width, surface width, roadway curvature, and posted speed limit were negatively correlated with the crash frequency. The additive change in the expected crash frequency caused by each independent variable was also determined while holding all other variables in the model at their mean values. The results showed that section AADT was the most positively correlated variable with crash frequency while the posted speed limit was the most negatively correlated based on the variable levels that were analyzed.
Analysis of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Jurassic Penglaizhen Formation in the Baimamiao gas field,Qionglai County,Western Sichuan

Under the guidance of the theory and techniques of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy,through a comprehensive analysis of the outcrops,rock cores,well logs and seismic data,3 sequence boundaries of different genetic types and growth scales and 3 orders of lacustrine flooding surfaces are recognized in the Upper Jurassic Penglaizhen Formation in the Baimamiao gas field,and in addition,2 long-term base-level cycles,6 middle-term base-level cycles and 38-40 short-term base-level cycles are distinguished and their characteristics are discussed in detail.The thin-bedded limestone and calcareous shale close to the top of the middle-term base-level cycle can be regarded as one of the important indicator for recognizing the middle-term base-level cycle.On the basis of the above,using the method of cycle isochronostratigraphic correlation,different orders of base-level cycles are correlated and 3 isochronostratigraphic stratigraphic frameworks with different time-scales are established.The high-resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis has great significance for further exploration and development of the gas accumulations in the Penglaizhen Formation of the Baimamiao gas field.
Virulence Gene PCR and PFGE Genotyping analysis of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from cholera epidemics in Hunan province from 2005 to 2010

Objective:To understand the pathogenic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O139 strains isolated from Vibrio cholerae epidemics in Hunan province from 2005 to 2010;to study the colone relations among the strains.Methods:K-B method was employed to test drug sensitivity;ctxAB virulence gene was tested by PCR,and finally molecular typing was carried out by pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) for representative strains isolated from Vibrio cholerae epidemics.Results:33 Vibrio cholerae O139 stains presented a higher drug resistance rate against doxycycline and sulphame-thoxazole of 39.39% and 75.76%,while a sensitivity of 100% to ciprofloxacin,norfloxacin and amikacin;The virulence gene PCR results showed all the Vibrio cholerae O139 strains were cholera toxin genes ctxAB-positive;24 Vibrio cholerae O139 strains isolated from Vibrio cholerae epidemics in 2005 and 2010 showed 3 PFGE banding types,and all the strains were homology of 83%-100% by cluster analysis.Conclusion:Vibrio cholerae O139 strains isolated from cholera epidemic in Hunan province from 2005 to 2010 were all ctxAB positive.The strains from different years and regions were found the closely related epidemic clone group strains of cholera;Resistance monitoring and further molecular typing analysis of Cholera strains contribute to the efficient surveillance of cholera and infectious source tracking.
A generalized heat-transfer model for shielded-fire household cookstoves

Abstract This paper presents an experimentally validated steady-state heat transfer model of a shielded-fire, natural-draft biomass cookstove suitable for conceptual design of the small household cookstoves used in developing countries. The input variables for the model included 10 geometrical design variables, 2 material design variables, and 3 operating conditions. This model was validated using data from three previously published studies including 63 distinct combinations of the 15 design variables. The model results for thermal efficiency are within ± 5% for 59 of the 63 designs and have an L2 norm error of 3.0%. Parametric variations of design variables can assist in the conceptual phase of design. In addition, the temperature and velocity profiles, location and magnitude of losses, and heat transfer contributions through various modes and regions of the pot provide sufficient detail to improve the understanding of a cookstove system and support detailed design.
Methodology and Development of a Large-Scale Sediment Basin for Performance Testing

AbstractStormwater regulations require construction-generated pollution to be controlled on-site prior to discharge to avoid impairment of receiving waterbodies. Sediment basins are stormwater detention practices commonly used to capture and treat sediment-laden runoff prior to discharging from a construction site. Federal and state highway and environmental protection agencies have developed standardized guidance on the design of sediment basins, however further research is necessary to understand basin performance under various design conditions using large-scale testing techniques. This study details the design and construction of a 79.0 m3 (2,790 ft3), large-scale sediment basin at the Auburn University Erosion and Sediment Control Testing Facility (AU-ESCTF). A testing methodology and phased experimental regime were developed to allow for future testing of various sediment basin design configurations and high-rate lamella plate settler technology within the basin. Data collection efforts including w...
The Role of Simulation in Improving Patient Safety

This chapter will discuss how simulation-based technology and techniques can be used to make patients safer. The chapter starts with a primer on patient safety terminology, followed by a discussion of the use of simulation to improve patient safety at the individual and team levels, and an exploration of the application of simulation to improve patient safety at system levels. Many of the existing simulation-based medical education interventions in the pediatric community can be adapted to maximize their impact on patient safety. Additionally, novel applications of simulation with a specific focus on patient safety have great potential to increase the value proposition of healthcare simulation. This value includes both soft dollars in savings related to traditional simulation-based training and hard dollars related to increased efficiency and reductions in serious safety events and potential litigation.
Metaphoricity in “Eumaeus” and “Ithaca”

Perhaps if we apply the recent terminology of story (the chronological sequence of actions or events, independent of artistic form) and discourse (the formally organized discursive presentation or narration of events), we can understand how the metaphorical union of Stephen and Bloom which is established by the discourse is not sustained by the story; for Stephen and Bloom form no lasting bond, and they separate at the end with little possibility of renewing their relationship. Stephen declines Bloom’s offer of lodging and disappears into the night. Is it too much to say that while the discourse or metaphorical level affirms Stephen’s acceptance of Bloom as the necessary father figure and implies his future maturation, the story does not substantiate this?
Lung Cancer Imaging

Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and in developed countries worldwide. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer will continue to be of major importance in the coming decades. Appropriate therapy depends on accurate staging to determine those cases amenable to surgery and to define the appropriate role for chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Imaging plays a critical role in staging patients with lung cancer. Data from screening trials have shown that the risk of death from lung cancer can be reduced by approximately 20% when CT screening is applied to higher-risk patients. The iterative emergence of more probing, sensitive imaging technologies has allowed the biologic behavior of lung cancer to be better understood and therapeutic recommendations to be apportioned accordingly. Interventional radiology now offers radiofrequency ablation of specific lesions as a beneficial addition to the therapeutic armamentarium. Another critical piece of this new lung cancer paradigm is an intensely interactive, collaborative, multidisciplinary team approach. This book was written by current and former faculties at the Medical University of South Carolina, who actively participate as a multidisciplinary thoracic oncology team. The book provides a guide to the diagnosis, staging, and management of lung cancer that can aid in discussions of the therapeutic plan and help patients understand the next steps and what to expect when they come for treatment. The 15 chapters present the epidemiology and classification of lung cancer, screening protocols, imaging in non–small cell lung cancer, preoperative evaluation for lung cancer resection, staging and imaging of small cell lung cancer, surgical treatment of non–small cell lung cancer, the use of radiotherapy in lung cancer, and imaging after lung cancer treatment. Each chapter is well informed, clinically focused, and user-friendly, with current data sources. Unfortunately, several chest radiographs and CT scans presented in chapters 7, 9, 13, and 14 are dark and printed on mat paper. The tables and index are helpful. This book fulfills its intended purpose and meets the needs of its intended audience. It is an authoritative resource for radiologists, oncologists, thoracic surgeons, and pulmonologists. It also will be helpful to general practitioners and to trainees in imaging and thoracic medicine.
Dr. S.R. Ranganathan in anglo-american cataloguing rules, 2nd edition: a survey and observations

Analyses the concepts of the Canons of Cataloguing in Classified Catalogue Code: Ascer-tainability, Prepotence, Individualisation, Currency, Consistency, Laws of Interpretation, Principle of Local Variation, Principle of Osmosis, Centralised Cataloguing and Printing of Cards, and Prenatal Cataloguing. Sludies the Canon of Individualisation and its application to the names of persons, corporate bodies and conferences, geographic names, uniform titles, monographic series and serials. Analyses the concepts of classic, isolates, types of references, book index entry, multi-volumed book, union catalogue, national bibliography, indexing, tracing, and new kinds of documents. Highlights the striking parallels between the CCC and AA2.
Phonetic Symbolism and Memory for Advertisements

Summary This study investigated whether phonetic symbolism within brand names influences the memory of advertisements. Participants both saw and heard brand names with front vs. back vowels paired with small vs. large products in a congruent vs. incongruent fashion. When later given several unexpected memory tasks, it was found that congruent (vs. incongruent) pairings led to enhanced brand name and product recall as well as the efficiency of both brand name and paired recognition. These findings are consistent with a theory of cross-modal processing involving perceptual unification. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychometric Summary of the Technology-Delivered Tension Scales for Weight Management.

The purpose of this article is to summarize the psychometric results from studies of the last 25 years of the Overeating Tension Scale, Exercise Tension Scale, Feelings Tension Scale, and Feelings About Weight Tension Scale. These reliable and valid technology-delivered weight management scales can be used by clinicians independently or in combination to longitudinally identify specific triggers of overeating, skipping exercise, feeling low or down, and strong feelings about one’s body weight; motivational states, and related tension levels. Through cognitive behavior therapy, individuals can learn to shift to another motivational state and employ healthy coping mechanisms to avoid related negative behaviors. Psychometric results from seven developmental studies are described, including technology-delivery adaptation results from the original paper and pencil versions. Future tension scale development priorities also are discussed.
Next Composition of n into k Parts (NEXCOM)

This chapter discusses an algorithm for generating next composition of n into k part. For fixed positive integers n and k , the chapter defines composition of c into k parts. The chapter presents a derivation for the formula for J ( n, k ), the number of compositions of n into k parts. The derivation shows how to construct a simple algorithm for generating all the compositions. The chapter discusses subroutine specifications and presents sample output. The program NEXCOM was called, repeatedly, with N = 6, K = 3, until termination. The chapter also presents 28 output vectors R (1), R (2), R (3).