cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discovering health-related knowledge in social media using ensembles of heterogeneous features

Social media is emerging as a powerful source of communication, information dissemination and mining. Being colloquial and ubiquitous in nature makes it easier for users to express their opinions and preferences in a seamless, dynamic manner. Epidemic surveillance systems that utilize social media to detect the emergence of diseases have been proposed in the literature. These systems mostly employ traditional document classification techniques that represent a document with a bag of N-grams. However, such techniques are not optimal for social media where sparsity and noise are norms. The authors address the limitations posed by the traditional N-gram based methods and propose to use features that represent different semantic aspects of the data in combination with ensemble machine learning techniques to identify health-related messages in a heterogenous pool of social media data. Furthermore, the results reveal significant improvement in identifying health related social media content which can be critical in the emergence of a novel, unknown disease epidemic.
Hecke-Clifford Algebras and Spin Hecke Algebras IV: Odd Double Affine Type

We introduce an odd double affine Hecke algebra (DaHa) generated by a classical Weyl group W and two skew-polynomial subalgebras of anticommuting generators. This algebra is shown to be Morita equivalent to another new DaHa which are generated by W and two polynomial-Clifford subalgebras. There is yet a third algebra containing a spin Weyl group algebra which is Morita (super)equivalent to the above two algebras. We establish the PBW properties and construct Verma-type representations via Dunkl operators for these algebras.
The Oil Waste History of Smackover Field, Arkansas

Smackover Field, discovered in 1922, is an excellent example of the methodology of heavy oil handling and loss in early 20th century flush production fields. Emulsion problems and waste were severe; millions of barrels of heavy oil were stored in earthen pits for up to a decade, and millions of barrels of oil were lost to land and water. The largest quantity of crude oil waste was from the inadequate handling and treatment of waterin- oil emulsions. Crude oil loss was also associated with earthen storage both on leases and in large tank farms. Lease storage pits served numerous purposes and had the most complex fluid history. Many were used for decades as saltwater disposal pits following the flush oil period. Large earthen tank farms on the field edge stored millions of barrels of heavy oil in the 1920s and 1930s but were not used for saltwater storage. Today the farms exist within young forests where the ground is hardened by asphaltic deposits associated with both earthen construction and seepage loss. Drainage areas also provide a record of the extensive waste oil history. Asphaltic layers are most prominent in creek areas that did not burn, but degraded oil exists to some extent in almost all field drainage areas.
Self-Organizing Approximation-Based Control for Higher Order Systems

Adaptive approximation-based control typically uses approximators with a predefined set of basis functions. Recently, spatially dependent methods have defined self-organizing approximators where new locally supported basis elements were incorporated when existing basis elements were insufficiently excited. In this paper, performance-dependent self-organizing approximators will be defined. The designer specifies a positive tracking error criteria. The self-organizing approximation-based controller then monitors the tracking performance and adds basis elements only as needed to achieve the tracking specification. The method of this paper is applicable to general th-order input-state feedback linearizable systems. This paper includes a complete stability analysis and a detailed simulation example.
Contribution of β-globin cluster polymorphisms to raise fetal hemoglobin levels in normal adults.

Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) is a group of genetically heterogeneous conditions characterized by continued expression of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in adulthood. HPFH may be due not only to point mutations or large deletions in different regions of the cluster β globin, but also to variations in several polymorphic sequences in this cluster. The objective of this work was to evaluate effects of polymorphic markers within cluster β globin on HbF expression. For the purpose, we have explored in this first study of Tunisian HPFH four polymorphic regions of β globin cluster in 68 healthy adults (34 subjects with high levels of HbF and 34 with normal HbF levels). Our results showed that the increase of HbF levels is associated with the −158 Gγ C → T polymorphism, the TG18CG2CACG, TC TG9AG TG2CG2 and TG11CG4 configurations in the second intron of Gγ gene and the −540 β (AT)6T9 and (AT)7T8 repeated sequences. Among the 34 subjects with raised levels of HbF, approximately 97% carried one or more of these six markers. This study suggests that there is a significant association between certain polymorphic configurations of the β globin cluster and the increase of HbF levels in healthy individuals.
Caller ID and the meaning of privacy

Caller ID service continues to be a controversial issue in the U.S. because of its privacy implications. State and federal regulators, legislators, scholars, and the courts have examined and responded to the privacy issue from a policy perspective, but perhaps without a complete understanding of the meaning of privacy in the context of the debate. What types of privacy are involved, how significant are these interests, and how might privacy needs compare and be balanced? This article explores privacy in the context of the Caller ID debate from a social science perspective. It examines motives for seeking and preserving privacy and explores the dynamic relationship between the caller and called party positions. It then provides an analysis of current and proposed Caller ID features and policies with a view toward understanding how these proposals balance competing privacy needs. This article establishes an analytic framework and a foundation for further study of caller and called party privacy that should ...
Anticoagulation in hospitalized patients with renal insufficiency: a comparison of bleeding rates with unfractionated heparin vs enoxaparin.

Objectives To compare the rates of bleeding complications in patients with renal insufficiency who receive anticoagulation therapy with the full therapeutic dose, unfractionated heparin (UFH), or with twice-daily enoxaparin. Setting A 325-bed community teaching hospital. Study type Retrospective cohort study. Methods The medical records of all patients with renal insufficiency who received anticoagulation therapy with UFH or enoxaparin during a 13-month period were reviewed for the occurrence of major and minor bleeding. Incidence rates were computed per 1,000-person days of anticoagulation therapy. Comparisons were made across categories of renal insufficiency and other potential confounders. Results A total of 620 patients with estimated glomerular filtration rates of Conclusion Both the twice-daily enoxaparin and UFH regimens are associated with comparable increases in major bleeding complications in patients with renal dysfunction receiving full-dose anticoagulation therapy. Both agents should be used with caution in anticoagulation therapy for patients with renal insufficiency.
A simple method for calculating counterterms

A method for simplifying the evaluation of the infinite parts of Feynman diagrams is presented. It is based on the observation that counterterms are local functions. All integrals are reduced to logarithmically divergent ones with no masses or external momenta. The method is particularly useful for many-point Green's functions at more than one loop. Here a pedagogical approach is taken, using the example of a massiveϕ3 theory in six dimensions.
Individual differences in children’s knowledge of expository text structures: A review of literature

In this review of literature we examine empirical research of individual differences in younger readers’ knowledge and use of expository text structures. The goal of this review is to explore the influence of reader and text characteristics in order to better understand the instructional needs of elementary school readers. First we review research which has examined the influence of two textual characteristics: the hierarchical organization of macro-and micro-level propositions and the type of text structure (e.g. collection, comparison, problem-and-solution). Then we review research of three reader characteristics: overall comprehension skill, age, and prior knowledge and how their influences may vary in relation to the aforementioned text characteristics. Our review of research suggests that readers of all ages may benefit from explicit instruction in text structure, particularly less-skilled comprehenders. Text structure instruction should focus on highly structured texts like comparison, causation, and problem-and-solution.
The Multiple Dimensions of Tunnel Vision in Criminal Cases

The 170-plus postconviction DNA exonerations of the last 15 years have exposed numerous problems that have contributed to convicting the innocent. The specific problems include eyewitness error and flawed eyewitness procedures, false confessions, forensic error or fraud, police and prosecutor misconduct, inadequate defense counsel, jailhouse snitch testimony, and others. A theme running through almost every case, that touches each of these individual causes, is the problem of tunnel vision. Tunnel vision is a natural human tendency with particularly pernicious effects in the criminal justice system. This Article analyzes tunnel vision at various points in the criminal process, from police investigation through trial, appeal, and postconviction review. The Article examines the causes of tunnel vision in three domains. First, tunnel vision is the product of natural human tendencies - cognitive distortions that make it difficult for human beings in any setting to remain open-minded. Second, institutional or role pressures inherent in the adversary system can exacerbate the natural cognitive biases, and induce actors to pursue a particular suspect too soon or with too much zeal. Finally, in some ways the criminal justice system embraces tunnel vision as a normative matter; it demands or teaches tunnel vision overtly, as a matter of policy or rule. This Article concludes by examining possible corrective measures that might be adopted to mitigate the effects of tunnel vision.
Preirradiation osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption plus combination chemotherapy in gliomas: Quantitation of tumor response to assess chemosensitivity

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) may prevent increased delivery of chemotherapeutic agents despite increased systemic blood concentrations. To increase drug delivery intra-arterial (i.a.) cisplatin has been administered at tumor recurrence by Mahaley et al. (20) and concurrent with radiotherapy by Calvo et al. (4). More recently, Dropcha gave i.a. cisplatin prior to radiation to better assess drug sensitivity in glioma patients (6). Osmotic disruption of the BBB (BBBD) further increases transfer of intravascularly administered chemotherapeutic agents to both tumor and brain around tumor (12, 23-25).
Many neighborhoods: Phonological and perceptual neighborhood density in lexical production and perception

Abstract We examine the relationship of lexical representations, pronunciation variation, and word recognition, by investigating effects of two lexical variables: Phonological Neighborhood Density (the number of words that can be formed by a single phoneme substitution, addition, or deletion from the target word), as well as a measure of the perceptual similarity of a target word to other words in the lexicon. We show that perceptual similarity to other words affects recognition, but not production. Phonological Neighborhood Density, on the other hand, affects both word durations and recognition accuracy (words with many neighbors shorten and are difficult recognition targets). We interpret our results as indicating that effects of Phonological Neighborhood Density on pronunciation are not generally due to perceptual similarity of the target to other words. Our results are consistent with a more general line of research demonstrating effects of ‘central’ processes on ‘peripheral’ processes such as articulation, as well as effects of modality-specific properties, such as auditory similarity and motor movements, on measures thought to tap central processes.
A Case for the Theory of Familial Role Differentiation in Small Groups

and involving parents and children. This type of counseling aims toward favorable changes in the personalities and behaviors of clients who seek help in the management of their marital and family affairs. Hence, marriage and family counseling needs to be socially based on a valid theory of personality and behavior. It is suggested that role theory, with its heavy emphasis on the social self and on social acts, provides a reliable basis for counseling practice and for empirical research related to this type of practice. The utility of a valid theoretical orientation is outlined in this paper, and the central ideas of role theory are delineated. Human conduct is organized and goal-directed. Activities of any given person are organized in terms of the reciprocal activities of other significant persons in his life. These activities are generally channeled in ways that the person perceives to be consistent with his concept of himself in relation to those who paricipate with him in social situations. Hence, significant changes in maladaptive behaviors require basic changes in the person's self-concept. This is the prime objective of marriage and family counseling, if not of all personality counseling and psychotherapy. The social origins of the conceptual self are explained in terms of internalization of role expectations. At the same time it is emphasized that the total personality includes a reactive organism, and a perceiving, judging, creative, autonomous self. On the basis of the role theory approach to human conduct, certain clinical and research hypotheses pertaining to marriage and family life are suggested. The integrative quality of a marriage, for example, is viewed as a function of role perception, role expectation, and role performance of marital partners. A reliable method of role conflict analysis is indicated for research purposes, and counseling methods consistent with role theory are suggested.
Evaluation of Sampling Techniques and Development of Sequential Sampling Plans for Threecornered Alfalfa Hoppers (Homoptera: Membracidae) on Soybeans

Vertical-beat-sheet, ground-cloth, and beat-net techniques for sampling threecornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), nymphs in soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, were evaluated in field experiments using systematic and random sampling. Beat-net and ground-cloth techniques were best for sampling S. festinus nymphs. Field surveys were also used to determine localization and spatial distribution of S. festinus nymphs and adults. No localization of individuals was detected. Distribution of nymphs appeared clumped with ground-cloth and vertical-beat-sheet sampling throughout the season and early in the season with beat-net sampling; however, beat-net sampling indicated that data from nymphs fit a Poisson distribution during the second field generation. Distribution of adults was clumped at the beginning of each generation’s adult emergence but was generally random (Poisson)on subsequent sample dates. Data collected were used to develop threshold measurements for S. festinus nymphal populations and sequential sampling plans for adults based on sweep-net sampling and for nymphs based on beat-net and ground-cloth sampling techniques.
Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Awareness of Knowledge about Tuberculosis Control among Close Contacts in some Schools in Shijiazhuang

[Objective]To understand prevalence of tuberculosis(TB) and awareness of knowledge about TB control among students who have been in close contact with a person who has TB,provide the basis for making TB control measures in school.[Methods]The epidemiological survey was conducted among TB patients(students and teachers) who were regarded as the clue.TB screening was performed in close contacts,and other students were selected as the control group.The purified protein derivative of tuberculin(PPD) test was conducted firstly,and the students with strong positive results were given chest X-ray inspection.The students who had the TB-like symptoms were given sputum mycobacterium tuberculosis detection and chest X-ray inspection.The awareness rate of Five Core Tips about TB Control was investigated.[Results]The TB prevalence of close contacts in 2 years was 9.95%,which was higher than that of other students(0.46%).The awareness rate of Five Core Tips about TB Control of students was lower than that of TB patients.[Conclusion]The low awareness rate of knowledge and policy about TB control of students is main reason of epidemic of TB in schools.The essential and effective measure for controlling TB in schools is the chest X-ray inspection in people with strong positive results of PPD screening.
Apical root resorption in patients treated with comprehensive orthodontics.

External apical root resorption (EARR) is a common--but seldom extreme--consequence of orthodontic treatment. Incisors are most at risk, perhaps because of their single roots and because they typically are moved farther than other teeth. We followed a cohort of patients (n = 153) treated with comprehensive orthodontics. EARR was scored on the upper incisors with a qualitative five-grade ordinal scale. There was no EARR at the start of treatment, but most (> 80%) exhibited slight-to-moderate EARR by the end of treatment (i.e., a loss of 1-2 mm). Cases treated with premolar extractions experienced more EARR because their incisors were retracted farther; however, the sum of the effects of patients' sex and age, and severity of the malocclusion, and the kind of mechanics used accounts for little of the overall variation in EARR. Instead, it appears that genetically-based inter-individual variation in susceptibility to EARR is the most influential factor. Research should be directed at understanding the biochemical nature of susceptibility so prospective patients can be screened to identify those at particular risk.
High-throughput and sensitive analysis of urinary heterocyclic aromatic amines using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and robotic sample preparation system.

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAA) are listed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as harmful or potentially harmful constituents of tobacco smoke. However, quantifying HCAA exposure is challenging. In this study, we developed a sensitive, precise, and accurate isotope dilution, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method to quantify urinary HCAAs in smokers and nonsmokers. The high-throughput robotic sample preparation system could handle a throughput of over 300 samples per day, while maintaining intra-day and inter-day imprecision and bias ≤10 %. The limits of detection of carcinogenic HCAAs ranged from 0.31 to 0.83 pg/mL. The validated method was applied to measure HCAAs in urine collected from smokers and non-smokers. This sensitive and efficient analytical method is ideal to support large-scale biomonitoring studies of HCAA exposure.
Moral Judgments and Values

This article presents the structure of a moral judgment and the various assumptions behind the term ‘value’. Detailed consideration is given to various methods for choosing a moral judgment, the possible subjects who may act on such judgments, alternative sources for the moral term ‘should’, and the beneficiaries of the judgment. Inherent values are taken to be created by sacrifices. The crucial judgments about nuclear weapons are considered, as are the issues between nationalism and internationalism. In every section, alternative examples are given.
Environmentally Performative Design for High-Rise Buildings in North America

Due to current rise of environmental concerns, and interest in high-performance and energy-efficient buildings, the question of “what is sustainable high-rise building” has been raised. Increase of the number of tall buildings worldwide and relatively high energy consumption in building operation create a significant impact of high-rise buildings on overall targets set by the environmental agenda.
Analysis of Ethylene Receptors: Assay for Histidine Kinase Activity

The ethylene receptors of plants exist in two subfamilies. Members of subfamily-1 have functional histidine kinase domains, whereas members of subfamily-2 have diverged histidine-kinase-like domains that in some cases have been shown to exhibit Ser/Thr kinase activity. Here, we describe a method to biochemically characterize the enzymatic activity of these kinase domains in vitro. For this purpose, the histidine kinase domain of the receptors is transgenically expressed in yeast as a fusion to glutathione-S-transferase (GST) for subsequent affinity purification. Autophosphorylation activity is assessed by the use of an in vitro kinase assay with the purified protein. Acid/base stability of the incorporated phosphate can then be used as a diagnostic for whether His, Asp, or Ser/Thr/Tyr is phosphorylated.
Corrosion of femtosecond laser surface textured aluminium alloy

ABSTRACTWith superhydrophobic properties being extended to a variety of metallic substrates through the process of ablation due to femtosecond laser surface processing (FLSP), it is important to understand corrosion behaviour of such a processed material. The material was tested through the use of an accelerated corrosion fog chamber using both treated and untreated aluminium alloy samples. During the accelerated corrosion testing, the FLSP-treated sample suffered from pitting corrosion at a rate faster than the untreated sample, effectively removing the surface treatment. While there are significant hydrodynamic benefits to this material, the elevated corrosion rates raise concerns about the resiliency of this surface treatment.
Earlier Goals of Care Discussions in Hospitalized Terminally Ill Patients and the Quality of End-of-Life Care: A Retrospective Study.

Background:The association between physician-directed goals of care discussions (GOCDs) and the use of aggressive interventions in terminally ill patients has not been well characterized in the lit...
Occurrence and seasonal dynamics of RNA viral genotypes in three contrasting temperate lakes.

Decades of research have demonstrated the crucial importance of viruses in freshwater ecosystems. However, few studies have focused on the seasonal dynamics and potential hosts of RNA viruses. We surveyed microbial-sized (i.e. 5-0.2 μm) mixed community plankton transcriptomes for RNA viral genomes and investigated their distribution between microbial and macrobial plankton over a seasonal cycle across three temperate lakes by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 30 contigs bearing similarity to RNA viral genomes were recovered from a global assembly of 30 plankton RNA libraries. Of these, only 13 were found in >2 libraries and recruited >100 reads (of 9.13 x 107 total reads), representing several picornaviruses, two tobamoviruses and a reovirus. We quantified the abundance of four picornaviruses and the reovirus monthly from August 2014 to May 2015. Patterns of viral abundance in the >5 μm size fraction and representation in microbial-sized community RNA libraries over time suggest that one picornavirus genotype (TS24835) and the reovirus (TS148892) may infect small ( 5 μm) eukaryotic microorganisms or metazoa. Our data also suggest that picornavirus TS152062 may originate from an allochthonous host. All five viral genotypes were present in at least one size fraction across all 3 lakes during the year, suggesting that RNA viruses may easily disperse between adjacent aquatic habitats. Our data therefore demonstrate that RNA viruses are widespread in temperate lacustrine ecosystems, and may provide evidence of viral infection in larger eukaryotes (including metazoa) inhabiting the lakes.
Pancreaticobiliary Tract Cytology

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the primary modality for obtaining tissue diagnosis of pancreatic masses. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with bile duct brushings for cytology is an additional minimally invasive modality to obtain material for tissue diagnosis, which can be helpful in the assessment of pancreatic neoplasms, particularly ductal adenocarcinomas. This chapter includes more than 50 images demonstrating the key cytologic features of the commonly encountered neoplasms of the pancreas. The role of ancillary studies as an adjunct to cytology is also discussed.
Creation of transgenic animals to study development and as models for human disease.

Publisher Summary The mechanism of cells to regulate gene expression is a question of great importance in modern biology because the unique features of each cell and ultimately complex tissues are by and large determined by their unique patterns of gene expression. This chapter discusses the genetic basis of development and differentiation by transforming entire mammalian organisms. The technique is to inject the foreign gene into a very early mouse embryo and then return the embryo to a foster mother mouse to complete its development. The data strongly suggests that the altered phenotype of the mice is a direct result of the integration and expression of the metallothionein-growth hormone fusion gene. The elevated level of growth hormone (GH) present in some of these mice corresponds to a high level of MGH messenger RNA (mRNA) in the liver. The high level of MGH gene expression in transgenic mice greatly facilitates direct comparison of MGH and MT-I mRNA production in different tissues, thus determining whether chromosomal location has an important effect on tissue-specific expression of the MT-I promoter. GH levels in some of the transgenic mice are as much as 800-fold higher than in normal mice, resulting in animals nearly twice the weight of their unaffected littermates. This greater than normal accumulation of GH reflects both the lack of normal feedback mechanisms and expression of this gene in many large organs including liver, kidney, and intestine.
An Imaging Pulse Oximeter Based on a Multi-Aperture Camera

This paper presents an imaging arterial pulse oximeter based on the acquisition of two images respectively at the peak and trough a local arterial pulse. Spectroscopic sensitive images are obtained using a multi-aperture system synchronized to a point pulse oximeter. Each acquired image consists of 16 spectroscopic images of the same field of view. By subtracting the images obtained at the peak and trough of the arterial pulse one is able to eliminate common absorbers and scatterers and ultimately focus only on the metric of interest.
Common Sense Radiation Protection in the Radiopharmacy: Utilization of Existing Resources

A radiopharmacy generates a multitude of radioactive waste products including syringes, gloves, needles, absorbent paper, and expired and unused radiopharmaceuticals. We describe how lead delivery containers furnished by commercial manufacturers can be used to build storage containers for radioactive waste, which can reduce background radiation levels in a radiopharmaceutical manufacturing area. Shields from Squibb generators can be cut and joined to make decay pots, syringe and glove receptables, and vial containers. One-quarter in. sheet lead can be held in place by home-made supports to build side shields for drawing stations. The use of these shielding devices and storage containers has decreased the radiation exposure we receive despite handling multicurie quantities of activity daily.
CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

An outline is given of the IPCC and its role in helping to lay out options and consequences of actions or lack thereof related to anthropogenic climate change. A description is provided of how the IPCC is set up and functions, the scientific assessment process, who participates, and the intergovernmental linkages, all of which lead to the IPCC reports every 5–7 years. The procedures are designed to provide policy relevant but not policy prescriptive scientific advice to policy makers and the public. The main findings are briefly described along with the recent controversy involving IPCC.
Issues of Cultural Bias in the Assessment of Minority Handicapped Children

This chapter is based on an invited address to the American Psychological Association Division of Evaluation and Measurement at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, August, 1981, and a subsequent article appearing in the Journal of Special Education in 1983.
Detection and identification of solids, surfaces, and solutions of uranium using vibrational spectroscopy.

Abstract The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of uranium speciation using vibrational spectroscopy methods including Raman and IR. Uranium is a naturally occurring, radioactive element that is utilized in the nuclear energy and national security sectors. Fundamental uranium chemistry is also an active area of investigation due to ongoing questions regarding the participation of 5f orbitals in bonding, variation in oxidation states and coordination environments, and unique chemical and physical properties. Importantly, uranium speciation affects fate and transportation in the environment, influences bioavailability and toxicity to human health, controls separation processes for nuclear waste, and impacts isotopic partitioning and geochronological dating. This review article provides a thorough discussion of the vibrational modes for U(IV), U(V), and U(VI) and applications of infrared absorption and Raman scattering spectroscopies in the identification and detection of both naturally occurring and synthetic uranium species in solid and solution states. The vibrational frequencies of the uranyl moiety, including both symmetric and asymmetric stretches are sensitive to the coordinating ligands and used to identify individual species in water, organic solvents, and ionic liquids or on the surface of materials. Additionally, vibrational spectroscopy allows for the in situ detection and real-time monitoring of chemical reactions involving uranium. Finally, techniques to enhance uranium species signals with vibrational modes are discussed to expand the application of vibrational spectroscopy to biological, environmental, inorganic, and materials scientists and engineers.
Simultaneous nitrosylation and N-nitrosation of a Ni-thiolate model complex of Ni-containing SOD.

Nitric oxide (NO) is used as a substrate analogue/spectroscopic probe of metal sites that bind and activate oxygen and its derivatives. To assess the interaction of superoxide with the Ni center in Ni-containing superoxide dismutase (NiSOD), we studied the reaction of NO+ and NO with the model complex, Et4N[Ni(nmp)(SPh-o-NH2-p-CF3)] (1; nmp2− = dianion of N-(2-mercaptoethyl)picolinamide; −SPh-o-NH2-p-CF3 = 2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenethiolate) and its oxidized analogue 1ox, respectively. The ultimate products of these reactions are the disulfide of −SPh-o-NH2-p-CF3 and the S,S-bridged tetrameric complex [Ni4(nmp)4], a result of S-based redox activity. However, introduction of NO to 1 affords the green dimeric {NiNO}10 complex (Et4N)2[{Ni(κ2-SPh-o-NNO-p-CF3)(NO)}2] (2) via NO-induced loss of nmp2− as the disulfide and N-nitrosation of the aromatic thiolate. Complex 2 was characterized by X-ray crystallography and several spectroscopies. These measurements are in-line with other tetrahedral complexes in the {NiNO}10 classification. In contrast to the established stability of this metal-nitrosyl class, the Ni–NO bond of 2 is labile and release of NO from this unit was quantified by trapping the NO with a CoII–porphyrin (70–80% yield). In the process, the Ni ends up coordinated by two o-nitrosaminobenzenethiolato ligands to result in the structurally characterized trans-(Et4N)2[Ni(SPh-o-NNO-p-CF3)2] (3), likely by a disproportionation mechanism. The isolation and characterization of 2 and 3 suggest that: (i) the strongly donating thiolates dominate the electronic structure of Ni-nitrosyls that result in less covalent Ni–NO bonds, and (ii) superoxide undergoes disproportionation via an outer-sphere mechanism in NiSOD as complexes in the {NiNO}9/8 state have yet to be isolated.
Towards a more precise and individualized assessment of breast cancer risk

Many clinically based models are available for breast cancer risk assessment; however, these models are not particularly useful at the individual level, despite being designed with that intent. There is, therefore, a significant need for improved, precise individualized risk assessment. In this Research Perspective, we highlight commonly used clinical risk assessment models and recent scientific advances to individualize risk assessment using precision biomarkers. Genome-wide association studies have identified >100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer risk, and polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been developed by several groups using this information. The ability of a PRS to improve risk assessment is promising; however, validation in both genetically and ethnically diverse populations is needed. Additionally, novel classes of biomarkers, such as microRNAs, may capture clinically relevant information based on epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Our group has recently identified a circulating-microRNA signature predictive of long-term breast cancer in a prospective cohort of high-risk women. While progress has been made, the importance of accurate risk assessment cannot be understated. Precision risk assessment will identify those women at greatest risk of developing breast cancer, thus avoiding overtreatment of women at average risk and identifying the most appropriate candidates for chemoprevention or surgical prevention.
Stakeholders' mental models of soil food value chain in the Everglades

Abstract Peri-urban environments, where agriculture and urbanization interact, pose unique challenges for soil management. In Miami-Dade County, Florida USA, this interaction is especially important; a population of 2.7 million lives in an urban county with only 6% of the area zoned agriculture. Miami-Dade County is a major producer of tropical fruit and winter vegetables for the U.S., and is located within the Everglades ecosystem. Relatively little information is known about research and extension within peri-urban environments concerning soil health and management. Ethnopedological work has contributed to ethno-scientific knowledge by bridging the communication gap between scientists and locals concerning soil taxonomies, soil health, and soil fertility management. This study explores mental models of farmers and experts, examining the communication gap concerning soil health and food security. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from farmers (n = 19) and experts (n = 13). All stakeholders perceived pressures from urbanization as the main barrier to farmers' ability to continue to produce food, maintain their soil health, and contribute to national food security. The mental models of farmers reveal their ability to continue farming depends on their ability to construct and sustain a system—the soil food value chain. In this system, the farmer generates farm capital from a combination of high quality products, lower quality produce, and culls. This farm capital includes value-added products or soil amendments. However, experts did not perceive their responsibility to include maintaining a system, rather, only improving production. Experts' research and extension focused on improving product quality, increasing yield, decreasing cost of production, and minimizing the environmental impact of production. The mental models of farmers suggest research and extension related to building and maintaining the entire soil food value chain would increase the likelihood the farmers would better care for their soil and be profitable. This research contributes to the literature by recognizing the importance of examining the barriers to soil communication between stakeholders, as well as the importance to include examining soil within the larger food system.
Light-Induced Convective Segregation of Different Sized Microparticles

Using computational modeling, we design a facile method for sorting particles of different sizes in a fluid-filled microchamber. The microchamber is inclined at an angle with respect to the horizontal direction and contains suspended gold nanoparticles as well as the microparticles. With the application of ultraviolet light, the heat generated by illuminating the gold nanoparticles gives rise to thermal buoyancy effects, which drive the flow of the fluid in the chamber. This thermally driven, convective flow can be tailored by varying the intensity of the imposed light and the concentration of the gold nanoparticles in the solution. The competition between the drag force imposed by the fluid flows and the gravitational forces acting on the different sized particles produces the separation of the particles along the chamber's bottom, inclined wall. The separation distance between the particles can be increased by increasing the angle of inclination and the relative difference in the particle sizes. This system provides a label-free, membrane-less, and low-cost approach for sorting particles vital to a wide range of applications.
Distribution of a Boronated Porphyrin in Murine Tumors

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) as an effective therapeutic technique in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme, a malignant and lethal brain disease, is largely dependent upon the availability of boronated compounds which demonstrate high tumor-to-normal tissue concentration ratios. The 10boron-thermal neutron reaction [10B(n,α)7Li] can successfully induce tumor cell reproductive death provided that the 10B atoms are distributed within or around the cell so that the resultant α-particle will traverse the cell nucleus at least to some extent. It is generally thought that 20–30 μg of 10B/g of tumor could achieve therapeutic results when irradiated with a thermal neutron fluence of 5×1012 n/cm2.1,7
Kriging-enhanced ensemble variational data assimilation for scalar-source identification in turbulent environments

Abstract Various ensemble-based variational (EnVar) data assimilation (DA) techniques are developed to reconstruct the spatial distribution of a scalar source in a turbulent channel flow resolved by direct numerical simulation (DNS). In order to decrease the computational cost of the DA procedure and improve its performance, Kriging-based interpolation is combined with EnVar DA, which enables the consideration of relatively large ensembles with moderate computational resources. The performance of the proposed Kriging-EnVar (KEnVar) DA scheme is assessed and favorably compared to that of standard EnVar and adjoint-based variational DA in various scenarios. Sparse regularization is implemented in the framework of EnVar DA in order to better tackle the case of concentrated scalar emissions. The problem of optimal sensor placement is also addressed, and it is shown that significant improvement in the quality of the reconstructed source can be obtained without supplementary computational cost once the ensemble required by the DA procedure is formed.
Urbano: A Tool to Promote Active Mobility Modeling and Amenity Analysis in Urban Design

Modern planning paradigms promote the design of walkable neighborhoods. To allow urban designers to understand the consequences of design choices regarding the street network and the allocation of ...
A Diversity Ideology Intervention: Multiculturalism Reduces the Racial Achievement Gap

In the United States, underrepresented racial minority (URM) students continue to face psychological barriers that undermine their achievement and fuel disparities in academic outcomes. In the curr...
Holographic imaging boosts machine learning for accurate micro-plastics recognition in seawater sample

An effective strategy, that combines Digital Holography with machine learning, for achieving accurate and automatic identification of microplastics in filtered water sample, is proposed, reaching over 99% in classification performance among microplastics and diatoms.
Verrucosamide, a Cytotoxic 1,4-Thiazepane-Containing Thiodepsipeptide from a Marine-Derived Actinomycete

A new cytotoxic thiodepsipeptide, verrucosamide (1), was isolated along with the known, related cyclic peptide thiocoraline, from the extract of a marine-derived actinomycete, a Verrucosispora sp., our strain CNX-026. The new peptide, which is composed of two rare seven-membered 1,4-thiazepane rings, was elucidated by a combination of spectral methods and the absolute configuration was determined by a single X-ray diffraction study. Verrucosamide (1) showed moderate cytotoxicity and selectivity in the NCI 60 cell line bioassay. The most susceptible cell lines were MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma with an LD50 of 1.26 µM, and COLO 205 colon adenocarcinoma with an LD50 of 1.4 µM. Also isolated along with verrucosamide were three small 3-hydroxy(alkoxy)-quinaldic acid derivatives that appear to be products of the same biosynthetic pathway.
Network Group Testing

We consider the problem of identifying infected individuals in a population of size $N$. Group testing provides an approach to test the entire population using significantly fewer than $N$ tests when infection prevalence is low. The original and most commonly utilized form of group testing, called Dorfman testing, treats each individual's infection probability as independent and homogenous. However, as communicable diseases spread from individual to individual through underlying social networks, an individual's network location affects their infection probability. In this work, we utilize network information to improve group testing. Specifically, we group individuals by community and demonstrate the performance gain over Dorfman testing. After introducing a network and epidemic model, we derive the number of tests used under network grouping. We prove the expected number of tests is upper bounded by Dorfman testing. In addition, we demonstrate network grouping successfully achieves the theoretical lower bound for two-stage testing procedures when networks have strong community structure. On the other hand, network grouping is equivalent to Dorfman testing when networks have no structure. We end by demonstrating network grouping outperforms Dorfman testing in the scenario of a university testing its population for COVID-19 cases.
Occupational Outcomes and Revision Rates for Medial Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty in U.S. Military Servicemembers.

This study evaluates return to work and revision rates for medial unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) in a high-demand military cohort. Patient demographic and clinical variables were isolated from the medical records of active-duty military servicemembers with at least 2 years of postoperative follow-up and correlated with return to work, medial UKA survivorship, and perioperative complications. The medial UKA annual revision rate was calculated as the percentage of implants revised per observed component year. A total of 39 servicemembers underwent 46 primary medial UKAs (32 unilateral and 7 bilateral) with a mean follow-up of 3.9 (2.0–6.6) years. At a minimum of 2 years postoperatively, 33 (85%) servicemembers returned to military service or successfully completed their service obligation. Older servicemembers (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45, 0.99) had a significantly decreased OR for knee-related medical separation. Nine servicemembers (20%) had conversion to TKA at an average of 2.4 (range, 0.6–5.6) years with a medial UKA annual revision rate of 5%. When compared with Navy/Air Force, Army/Marine servicemembers had an increased TKA conversion rate (OR = 5.40; 95% CI: 1.13, 25.81). Older age decreased the likelihood of medical separation and Army/Marines service was the sole risk factor associated with conversion to TKA. The level of evidence is IV, therapeutic case series.
A Battery-Connected Inductor-First Flying Capacitor Multilevel Converter Achieving 0.77W/mm 2 and 97.1% Peak Efficiency

Modern mobile and IoT devices require power management solutions that are efficient, compact, and can operate directly from Li-ion battery voltages (2.8-4.5V). Unfortunately, it is difficult to achieve both high power density and high efficiency from a conventional buck converter, in part since the inductor, which must be miniaturized for power density reasons, has a large DCR and thus has large conduction losses when placed on the high-current side of the converter (Fig. 1, top left). To reduce inductor DCR losses, an inductor-first buck was shown in [1] that split the output inductor into two half-sized inductors placed in series with the input, where they process lower current and thus have lower net conduction losses (Fig. 1, bottom left). Importantly, this arrangement provides a continuous, non-chopped input current, and thus reduces EMI which is an important concern in power management [2], [3]. However, processing Li-ion voltages with conventional or inductor-first buck structures require either ~5V transistors, which are not available in all CMOS processes, or requires transistor stacking. It is now well known that if transistor stacking is needed, then a flying capacitor multilevel (FCML) structure can reduce the voltage swing seen by the inductor, which offers size, ripple, and loss advantages (Fig. 1, top right) [4], [5]. Despite the advantages, however, the FCML structure still places the inductor at the high-current side of the converter, where its high DCR can contribute significant losses. In addition, the pulsated input current results in the same EMI issues as conventional buck converters.
The Alleged ‘Letter Allegedly from Us’: The Parallel Function of ὡς δι’ ἡμῶν in 2 Thessalonians 2.2

The nearly unanimous consensus of modern scholarship is that 2 Thess. 2.2 refers to a letter either written or alleged to have been written by Paul, as captured in the most common rendering of the ...
New Chelating Ligands with Potential for Pharmaceutical Applications

2-hydroxybenzylaminomethylphosphonic acid (HBAMPA) has been synthesized from commercially available chemicals and its aqueous coordination chemistry involving Al 3 + , Ga 3 + and Fe 3 + is described. At 25°C and 0.1 M ionic strength KNO3, both Al 3 + and Ga 3 + formed dinuclear complexes while Fe 3 + formed the simple 1:1 complex (FeL) along with a mono-protonated complex (FeLH). HBAMPA formed neutral complexes with these trivalent metal ions, which lead to an early precipitation. The solution mixtures precipitated at ∼ pH 6.0 for Al 3 + , ∼ pH 4.0 for Fe 3 + , and ∼ pH 3.0 for the Ga 3 + ion. The carboxylic acid analogue of HBAMPA, 2-hydroxybenzylalanine (HBA) also has been tested with Al 3 + and Fe 3 + . It appeared that HBA solubilized the Al 3 + ion at pH 7.4. However, the Fe 3 + -HBA solution mixture formed a complex of a very minimum solubility and an early pH precipitation prevailed. HBA and HBAMPA are multi-dentate, phenol-containing ligands capable of binding a variety of metal ions with very hig...
Patent dispute hangs over kringle 5.

Sir — In June you published a News brief relating to a suit brought by Abbott Laboratories against Children's Hospital in Boston and against me and two of my younger associates1. The suit asserted rights to a patent assigned to Children's Hospital on an endothelial and angiogenesis inhibitor called kringle 5 which was discovered in the hospital's laboratories.