cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drained Residual Shear Strength of Some Claystones from Front Range, Colorado

Drained residual shear strength data on claystone (shale) bedrock samples from seven sites along the Front Range in Colorado collected from various sources are summarized. The claystone bedrock specimens from these sites were from Dawson, Laramie, Arapahoe, and Denver formations. The testing procedures included reversal direct shear and torsional ring shear tests. Upper bound, lower bound, and average residual shear strength envelopes were developed using the data from the seven sites. The secant residual friction angle varied from an upper limit of about 30° to a lower limit of about 5.5° for effective normal stress ranging from 30 to 960 kPa. Selected published correlations relating the drained residual friction angle to the liquid limit, plasticity index, clay fraction, and effective normal stress were also compared to the data set. For this particular data set, the plasticity index-based correlations compared better than the liquid limit-based correlations. It is recommended that if any published corr...
Multiple Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Attempts in a Community Hospital: Evaluation of the Futility Assessment.

Background:In hospital settings, inadequate recognition of futility of aggressive medical management in patients with terminal disease and lack of the timely transition to palliative care may lead to both excessive and potentially harmful treatment and unnecessary burden on hospital resources. In order to better understand the outcomes of futile medical management and recognize the need for more appropriate end-of-life care, we evaluated the survival of particularly vulnerable cohort of patients in a community hospital who had survived at least 1 cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) but whose medical problems led to subsequent arrests.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, we have reviewed the annual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) data in a community hospital in urban settings.Results:Analyzing the population of all patients who had CRA, 22.4% had more than 1 CRA episode and had multiple CPRs (42% of all inpatient CPR were performed on this group of patients). Overall survival at the discharge of pati...
17-Epiestriol, an Estrogen Metabolite, Is More Potent Than Estradiol in Inhibiting Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1) mRNA Expression

17- estradiol (17- E2) attenuates the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in vivo at physiological levels (pg/ml), whereas supraphysiological concentrations of 17- E2 (ng/ml) are required in vitro. We assessed whether a metabolite of estrogen, which could only be generated in vivo, might be a more potent inhibitor of VCAM-1 expression and thereby explain this discrepancy. We report here that 17-epiestriol, an estrogen metabolite and a selective estrogen receptor (ER) agonist, is 400 more potent than 17- E2 in suppressing tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -induced VCAM-1 mRNA as well as protein expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Genistein, an ER agonist, at low concentrations (1 and 10 nM) also suppressed TNF-induced VCAM-1 mRNA expression. These actions of 17epiestriol and genistein were significantly attenuated in the presence of the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI182780. Other estrogenic compounds such as ethinyl estradiol and estrone did not have any effect on TNFinduced VCAM-1 expression at the concentrations tested. We further show that, 1) 17-epiestriol induces the expression of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase mRNA and protein, 2) 17-epiestriol prevents TNF-induced migration of NFB into the nucleus, 3) N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of NO synthesis, abolishes 17-epiestriol-mediated inhibition of TNF-induced VCAM-1 expression and migration of NFB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Our results indicate that 17epiestriol is more potent than 17- E2 in suppressing TNF-induced VCAM-1 expression and that this action is modulated at least in part through NO.
Connection Strategies: Social Capital Implications of Facebook-enabled Communication Practices

This study assesses whether Facebook users have different ‘connection strategies,’ a term which describes a suite of Facebook-related relational communication activities, and explores the relationship between these connection strategies and social capital. Survey data (N = 450) from a random sample of undergraduate students reveal that only social information-seeking behaviors contribute to perceptions of social capital; connection strategies that focus on strangers or close friends do not. We also find that reporting more ‘actual’ friends on the site is predictive of social capital, but only to a point. We believe the explanation for these findings may be that the identity information in Facebook serves as a social lubricant, encouraging individuals to convert latent to weak ties and enabling them to broadcast requests for support or information.
Stimulated Raman scattering in silicon waveguides

The use of the Raman effect in silicon to create optical amplification in silicon-on-insulator waveguides is investigated. The analysis shows that when using stimulated Raman scattering, it is possible to achieve up to 10 dB of signal gain in optically pumped silicon waveguides with lengths <2 cm.
Methanoregula Boonei Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., An Acidiphilic Methanogen Isolated From An Acidic Peat Bog

A novel acidiphilic, hydrogenotrophic methanogen, designated strain 6A8T, was isolated from an acidic (pH 4.0–4.5) and ombrotrophic (rain-fed) bog located near Ithaca, NY, USA. Cultures were dimorphic, containing thin rods (0.2–0.3 μm in diameter and 0.8–3.0 μm long) and irregular cocci (0.2–0.8 μm in diameter). The culture utilized H2/CO2 to produce methane but did not utilize formate, acetate, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, butanol or trimethylamine. Optimal growth conditions were near pH 5.1 and 35 °C. The culture grew in basal medium containing as little as 0.43 mM Na+ and growth was inhibited completely by 50 mM NaCl. To our knowledge, strain 6A8T is one of the most acidiphilic (lowest pH optimum) and salt-sensitive methanogens in pure culture. Acetate, coenzyme M, vitamins and yeast extract were required for growth. It is proposed that a new genus and species be established for this organism, Methanoregula boonei gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Methanoregula boonei is 6A8T (=DSM 21154T =JCM 14090T).
A Novel CDK9 Inhibitor Shows Potent Antitumor Efficacy in Preclinical Hematologic Tumor Models

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) largest subunit RPB1 C-terminal domain (CTD) kinases, including CDK9, are serine/threonine kinases known to regulate transcriptional initiation and elongation by phosphorylating Ser 2, 5, and 7 residues on CTD. Given the reported dysregulation of these kinases in some cancers, we asked whether inhibiting CDK9 may induce stress response and preferentially kill tumor cells. Herein, we describe a potent CDK9 inhibitor, LY2857785, that significantly reduces RNAP II CTD phosphorylation and dramatically decreases MCL1 protein levels to result in apoptosis in a variety of leukemia and solid tumor cell lines. This molecule inhibits the growth of a broad panel of cancer cell lines, and is particularly efficacious in leukemia cells, including orthotopic leukemia preclinical models as well as in ex vivo acute myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient tumor samples. Thus, inhibition of CDK9 may represent an interesting approach as a cancer therapeutic target, especially in hematologic malignancies.
Alaska sentinel surveillance study of Helicobacter pylori isolates from Alaska Native persons from 2000 to 2008

Helicobacter pylori infection is more common in Alaska Native persons than in the general U.S. population, with seroprevalence to H. pylori approaching 75%. Previous studies in Alaska have demonstrated elevated proportions of antimicrobial resistance among H. pylori isolates. We analyzed H. pylori data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's sentinel surveillance in Alaska from January 2000 to December 2008 to determine the proportion of culture-positive biopsy specimens with antimicrobial resistance from Alaska Native persons undergoing endoscopy. The aim of the present study was to monitor antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori isolates over time and by region in Alaska Native persons. Susceptibility testing of H. pylori isolates to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline was performed using agar dilution. Susceptibility testing for levofloxacin was performed by Etest. Overall, 45% (532/1,181) of persons undergoing upper endoscopy were culture positive for H. pylori. Metronidazole resistance was demonstrated in isolates from 222/531 (42%) persons, clarithromycin resistance in 159/531 (30%) persons, amoxicillin resistance in 10/531 (2%) persons, and levofloxacin resistance in 30/155 (19%) persons; no tetracycline resistance was documented. The prevalence of metronidazole, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin resistance varied by region. Female patients were more likely than male patients to demonstrate metronidazole (P < 0.05) and clarithromycin (P < 0.05) resistance. No substantial change in the proportion of persons with resistant isolates was observed over time. Resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin is more common among H. pylori isolates from Alaska Native persons than those from elsewhere in the United States.
An integrated architecture for robot motion planning and control in the presence of obstacles with unknown trajectories

We present an integrated architecture for real-time planning and control of robot motions, for a robot operating in the presence of moving obstacles whose trajectories are not known a priori. The architecture comprises three control loops: an inner loop to linearize the robot dynamics, and two outer loops to implement the attractive and repulsive forces used by an artificial potential field motion planning algorithm. From a control theory perspective, our approach is unique in that the outer control loops are used to effect both desirable transient response and collision avoidance. From a motion planning perspective, our approach is unique in that the dynamic characteristics of both the robot and the moving obstacles are considered. Several simulations are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the planner/controller combination. >
Motion of Nanoparticles in Nanofluids Under an Electric Field

Nanofluids — fluids with unprecedented stability of suspension nanoparticles — have attractive features such as high thermal conductivities at very low nanoparticle concentrations, strongly temperature-dependent conductivity, and three-fold higher critical heat flux compared to base fluids. These features are not explained by traditional theories of solid/liquid suspensions, such as Maxwell’s theory or other macroscale approaches. Recently, Jang and Choi’s model has led to the discovery, primarily by extending Einstein’s theory of Brownian motion to energy transport in nanofluids, that Brownian motion of nanoparticles at the molecular and nanoscale level is a dominant mechanism governing their thermal behavior. In this paper we describe a theoretical model for controlling the motion of nanoparticles in nanofluids by means of an electric field and an analytical solution for particle motions in nanofluids. We show that the motion of nanoparticles can be controlled by use of an AC field and that the size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles are the key parameters to control nanoparticle motion beyond Brownian motion.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Time-domain sensing of targets buried under a rough air-ground interface

We consider plane wave time-domain scattering from a fixed target in the presence of a rough (random) surface with application to ground penetrating radar. The time-domain scattering data are computed via a two-dimensional (2-D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm. In addition to examining the statistics of the time-domain fields scattered from such a surface, we investigate subsurface target detection by employing a (commonly used) matched-filter detector. The results of such a detector are characterized by their receiver operating characteristic (ROC), which quantifies the probability of detection and probability of false alarm. Such ROC studies allow us to investigate fundamental assumptions in the matched-filter detector: that the target response is deterministic and the clutter signal stochastic, with the two signals treated as additive and independent.
Project Time in Silicon Valley

This article explores the pace of work for highly skilled workers who are employed in the high-tech industry of Silicon Valley. I link the temporal experiences of these workers to systems of domination at work, and to the particular characteristics of flexible specialization in the region. I ask four questions: How can the temporal rhythms of work be described? What factors shape these rhythms? Why do workers comply? How does this pace of work impact on other aspects of individuals' lives? I focus on the organization of work through project cycles, the de-linking of workers and organizations, and the ideology of individualism that constructs workers as entrepreneurs of their own careers as key factors that shape the erratic and quickened pace of work in Silicon Valley. I also show how this pace of work negatively affects other temporal spheres that individuals negotiate, most notably “bodily time” and the “interaction time” of social relationships.
How nonprofits matter in american medicine, and what to do about it

Skeptics question nonprofit health care on the grounds that nonprofits fail to distinguish themselves from their for-profit counterparts and do not reliably provide community benefits commensurate with their tax subsidies. Drawing on the most recent and comprehensive evidence, we assess these charges, judging them to be either wrong or incomplete. Although conventional critiques are therefore unconvincing, there are nonetheless important challenges facing the nonprofit sector in American medicine. To address these, we propose reformulating ownership-related policies to define both the appropriate forms of community benefit and the appropriate mix of ownership in terms of local markets and communities.
Factors Affecting Enzymatic Solubilization of Beef Proteins

SUMMARY Investigation was made of the effect of pH, enzyme concentration, cysteine, sodium chloride, and temperature on the extent of solubilization of 0.10N sodium hydroxide-soluble proteins, elastin, and collagen of biceps femoris muscle of beef by ficin and bromelain. All protein fractions of beef are solu-biked maximally at pH 7 and 80°C by both ficin and bromelain. Ficin is particularly effective in the solubilization of elastin, even at 20°C. Cysteine and sodium chloride increase the extent of solubilization, especially of collagen and elastin (sodium chloride only). The available data indicate that collagen must be denatured before ficin and bromelain can solubilize it.
The Economics of WTO Rules on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures

This paper evaluates the WTO rules relating to subsidies and countervailing measures from a welfare economics perspective. It concludes that the rules relating to "nonviolation" subsidies, export subsidies and certain agricultural subsidies have sound economic justification. The rules governing domestic subsidies generally, by contrast, do little to identify or police undesirable subsidies. Further, as has been argued elsewhere, countervailing measures are economically undesirable.
Chandra monitoring, trends, and response

The Chandra X-ray Observatory was launched in July, 1999 and has yielded extraordinary scientific results. Behind the scenes, our Monitoring and Trends Analysis (MTA) system has proven to be a valuable resource. With three years worth of on-orbit data, we have available a vast array of both telescope diagnostic information and analysis of scientific data to access Observatory performance. As part of Chandra's Science Operations Team (SOT), the primary goal of MTA is to provide tools for effective decision making leading to the most efficient production of quality science output from the Observatory. We occupy a middle ground between flight operations, chiefly concerned with the health and safety of the spacecraft, and validation and verification, concerned with the scientific validity of the data taken and whether or not they fulfill the observer's requirements. In that role we provide and receive support from systems engineers, instrument experts, operations managers, and scientific users. MTA tools, products, and services include real-time monitoring and alert generation for the most mission critical components, long term trending of all spacecraft systems, detailed analysis of various subsystems for life expectancy or anomaly resolution, and creating and maintaining a large SQL database of relevant information. This is accomplished through the use of a wide variety of input data sources and flexible, accessible programming and analysis techniques. This paper will discuss the overall design of the system, its evolution and the resources available.
Effects of non-uniform stiffness on the swimming performance of a passively-flexing, fish-like foil model

Simple mechanical models emulating fish have been used recently to enable targeted study of individual factors contributing to swimming locomotion without the confounding complexity of the whole fish body. Yet, unlike these uniform models, the fish body is notable for its non-uniform material properties. In particular, flexural stiffness decreases along the fish's anterior-posterior axis. To identify the role of non-uniform bending stiffness during fish-like propulsion, we studied four foil model configurations made by adhering layers of plastic sheets to produce discrete regions of high (5.5 × 10(-5) Nm(2)) and low (1.9 × 10(-5) Nm(2)) flexural stiffness of biologically-relevant magnitudes. This resulted in two uniform control foils and two foils with anterior regions of high stiffness and posterior regions of low stiffness. With a mechanical flapping foil controller, we measured forces and torques in three directions and quantified swimming performance under both heaving (no pitch) and constant 0° angle of attack programs. Foils self-propelled at Reynolds number 21 000-115 000 and Strouhal number ∼0.20-0.25, values characteristic of fish locomotion. Although previous models have emphasized uniform distributions and heaving motions, the combination of non-uniform stiffness distributions and 0° angle of attack pitching program was better able to reproduce the kinematics of freely-swimming fish. This combination was likewise crucial in maximizing swimming performance and resulted in high self-propelled speeds at low costs of transport and large thrust coefficients at relatively high efficiency. Because these metrics were not all maximized together, selection of the 'best' stiffness distribution will depend on actuation constraints and performance goals. These improved models enable more detailed, accurate analyses of fish-like swimming.
Mechanisms of autoregulation in isolated perfused kidney.

SummaryThe present investigation has been concerned with mechanisms explaining autoregulation of renal blood flow. Data from experiments on the isolated perfused dog kidney suggest that as renal artery pressure is elevated, blood flow regulation is brought about by (a) combined effects of increased tissue pressure and Bowman capsule extravascular pressure, and (b) increases in post-glomerular viscosity resulting from glomerular filtration.
Doubly-Curved Anisotropic Sandwich Panels Impacted by an Explosive Blast: Modeling and Response Behavior

Problems related with the modeling and dynamic response to blast loadings of doublycurved sandwich panels with laminated face sheets are developed. In this respect, the implications the panel curvature, of anisotropy and stacking sequence of face sheets, as well as of transverse orthotropy of the core, and of structural damping ratio are highlighted. As concerns that blast pulses considered in this analysis, these are due to either in-air explosions or of traveling shock-waves. Other parameters, mainly geometrical ones are also considered in the numerical simulations, and their implications on the dynamic response are put into evidence. Due to the absence of similar results in the specialized literature, this paper is likely to ll a gap in the state of the art of this problem, and provide pertinent results that are instrumental in the design of advanced sandwich shells operating in a dynamic environment.
AN NMR STUDY OF THE PROTONS IN α-ALKYLTHIOSULFOXIDES, RS(O)CH2SR

Abstract By means of nmr studies, including lanthanide shift experiments, the two ‘R's’ in Structure (I) (a, R = Methyl; b, R = tert-Butyl) have been assigned. The alkyl group at lower field in each case is attributed to the one adjacent to the sulfoxide. The diastereotopic protons in (Ia) are less well resolved than those in (Ib), and their separation is concentration-dependent, an observation suggesting the importance of association in (Ia). On the basis of a simple conformational analysis, the diastereotopic protons in (Ib) can be assigned in relationship to the chiral sulfoxide center.
An Uncommon Variant of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Acute Erythroid Leukemia

Patient: A 65-year-old Asian/Caucasian female. Chief Complaint: The patient complained of general malaise for several weeks duration. She felt generally healthy but thought that she was becoming increasingly short of breath and easily fatigued. History of Present Illness: Diagnostic studies were conducted on this patient on an outpatient basis. She was determined to be markedly anemic with combined leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. There was concern for the possibility of an underlying leukemia or myeloproliferative disorder, so she was admitted to the hospital for a more thorough evaluation and hematologic consultation. Past Medical and Surgical History: The patient has a long history of stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Family History: Unremarkable. Social History: Patient admitted to occasional social alcohol intake, denied tobacco and recreational drug use. Physical Examination Vital signs: temperature, 98.1°F; pulse 93 beats per minute; respiratory rate, 16 breaths per minute; blood pressure, 141/84 mmHg. The patient was a well-nourished Asian/Caucasian woman of normal weight. The patient was not in any acute distress, but she felt generally unwell, which was a condition of longstanding duration. Principal Laboratory Findings: Table 1 Results of Additional Diagnostic Procedures and Tests: Table 2 1. How has the classification of this leukemia been recently revised by the WHO? 2. What are this patient’s most striking clinical and laboratory findings? 3. What additional tests were done to establish a diagnosis? Would additional immunophenotyping be beneficial? 4. Could molecular testing help establish a diagnosis? What aberrant molecular mechanisms might underlie the etiology and pathophysiology of this leukemia? 5. Lenalidomide was chosen to treat this patient. What are some other novel treatments for refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML)? 1. Acute erythroid leukemia (AEL) is a rare variant of AML affecting primarily older adults (>50 years). After several revisions by the WHO, AML with predominantly erythroid features can be classified either as erythroleukemia or …
Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccine Against Fungal Infection

Several pathogenic fungi, including Cryptococcus gattii, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Penicillium marneffei, cause serious infectious diseases in immunocompetent humans. However, currently, prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines are not clinically used. In particular, C. gattii is an emerging pathogen and thus far protective immunity against this pathogen has not been well characterized. Experimental vaccines such as component and attenuated live vaccines have been used as tools to study protective immunity against fungal infection. Recently, we developed a dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine to study protective immunity against pulmonary infection by highly virulent C. gattii strain R265 that was clinically isolated from bronchial washings of infected patients during the Vancouver Island outbreak. In this approach, bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) are pulsed with heat-killed C. gattii and then transferred into mice prior to intratracheal infection. This DC vaccine significantly increases interleukin 17A (IL-17A)-, interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-producing T cells in the lungs and spleen and ameliorates the pathology, fungal burden, and mortality following C. gattii infection. This approach may result in the development of a new means of controlling lethal fungal infections. In this chapter, we describe the procedures of DC vaccine preparation and murine pulmonary infection model for analysis of immune response against C. gattii.
Influence of Clinically Relevant Mechanical Forces on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Under Chronic High Glucose: An In Vitro Dynamic Disease Model.

Background In this study, we subjected vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to acute and chronic high glucose conditions under physiologically relevant levels of cyclic strain and low wall shear forces to compare phenotypic modulation and thus conceptualize a dynamic-disease test model which captures cellular response more accurately in comparison with static cultures. Methods P2–P6 rat aortic smooth muscle cells were seeded on type I collagen-coated silicone membranes and subjected to 0–7% cyclic strain at 1 Hz and 0.3 dynes/cm2 shear stress from flow for 24 hr under acute (25 mM d -glucose, 84 hr) and chronic high glucose conditions (25 mM d -glucose, 3–4 weeks). Samples were analyzed for cell proliferation, percent apoptosis, cellular hypertrophy, and expression levels of smooth muscle contractile state-associated markers with 0.05 level of significance. Results Concomitant application of cyclic strain and flow shear resulted in an overall increase in proliferation of VSMCs under both acute and chronic high glucose conditions as compared with normal glucose control (P Conclusions Concomitant application of cyclic strain and low wall shear stress resulted in greater phenotypic modulation of VSMCs due to chronic high glucose treatment as compared with normal glucose controls, thus implicating cellular-response differences which may impact progression of in-stent restenosis in diabetic patients with poorly controlled hyperglycemia. Similarity of VSMC response from our study to existing preclinical models of diabetes and reports of altered phenotype of VSMCs isolated from diabetic patients substantiate the relevance of our dynamic disease test model.
The Quiet Classroom Game: A Class-Wide Intervention to Increase Academic Engagement and Reduce Disruptive Behavior

Abstract The current study investigated the effectiveness of the Quiet Classroom Game, an interdependent group contingency using an iPad loaded with a decibel meter app, for increasing academically engaged behavior. Three first-grade classrooms in the southeastern United States, identified as displaying high levels of noise and disruptive behavior, were included in the study. A multiple-baseline design with an embedded ABAB condition sequence was used to evaluate the effect of implementation of the Quiet Classroom Game on academically engaged behavior, disruptive behavior, and classroom decibel level. Implementation of the intervention resulted in large increases in academically engaged behavior, moderate to large reductions in disruptive behavior, and large decreases in classroom noise. Results of social validity checklists administered to teachers and students indicated acceptability and utility of the intervention. Findings of the study suggest that the Quiet Classroom Game may be an effective method f...
Dreaming in the depressed.

On entreprit une etude sur l'histoire des reves des patients deprimes et l'on constata que leur depression contribuait a diminuer le souvenir des reves qu'ils faisaient mais qu'elle n'en alterait pas la frequence. Le materiel contenu dans les reves de ces patients etait sensiblement different de celui des patients non-deprimes en ce qu'ils representaient plus de symboles d'evasion, de desespoir et d'abattement. On nota que l'histoire des reves demeura essentiellement la meme a la suite de progres dans l'etat clinique des patients, du moins, au cours de la periode d'observation etendue sur quatre semaines, mais que la tendance vers des symboles de desespoir-abattement s'ac-centuait durant les stages aigus de la depression.
Is the Library’s Online Orientation Program Effective with English Language Learners?

In this paper, the author examines four years of assessment data (N=4,786) from Brooklyn College’s Library Online Orientation Program (LOOP; url: https://library.brooklyn.cuny.edu/resources/loop/loop.php ), which is used to provide all English 1010 students with an orientation to the library, to see if English language learners (ELLs) are performing as well as their non-ELL peers. This paper also reports on how useful the LOOP is to ELLs when compared to non-ELLs. By comparing data from ELL and non-ELL students using several independent samples T-tests, this paper shows that ELLs on the average scored lower on the quiz component of the LOOP than non-ELLs, though they found the LOOP tutorial more useful. In addition to reporting these assessment results, this paper includes a review of the different kinds of English language learners, discusses how to statistically operationalize this population for further quantitative studies for other libraries who would like to include these additional independent variables in their assessment data collection, and provides suggestions for making the LOOP more useful to ELL students in the future.
Parasitic castration of the crab, Tumidocarcinus giganteus Glaessner, from the Miocene of New Zealand: Coevolution within the Crustacea

Feminization of adult male xanthid crabs, Tumidocarcinus giganteus Glaessner, from the Miocene of New Zealand, represents the first notice of the phenomenon in the fossil record. Marked broadening of the abdomen of adult males, to assume a form much like that of mature females and limitation in the size of the major claw likely result from parasitic castration by rhizocephalan, probably kentrogonid, barnacles. A sexually aberrant dakoticancrid, Dakoticancer overanus Rathbun, from the Late Cretaceous of South Dakota (Bishop, 1983) may extend this coevolutionary relationship between parasitic barnacles and decapod crustaceans into the Mesozoic.
Stars, Moon, and Spirits Bright Beings of the Night in Sino-Tibetan

1.0 Introduction. 2.0 Angami Naga labiodentals and earlier labiovelars. 2.1 BEE 2.2 DOG 2.3 MONKEY 2.4 BITTER 2.5 NINE 2.6 TWENTY 2.7 GOAT/CATTLE 3.0 Angami STAR and Chinese MOON. 3.1 Putative Tibeto-Burman cognates to Angami themve 'star.' 3.2 Phonetic, graphic, and semantic affiliations of Chinese 月 MOON/MONTH. 3.21 NIGHT 3.22 MEAT 3.23 NEW MOON 3.24 CUT/SLICED/BROKEN OFF/DEFECTIVE/INCONSTANT 3.25 PASS/ELAPSE and SEPARATED/EXTENDED
Eisenstein Series Second Part

In Chap. 5, we already saw the Epstein zeta function, actually two zeta functions, one primitive and the other one completed by a Riemann zeta function. Indeed, let Y ∈ Posn. We may form the two series
Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of acute kidney injury in adults undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease.

Background Acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery is a frequent and serious complication among children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and adults with acquired heart disease; however, the significance of kidney injury in adults after congenital heart surgery is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to determine the incidence of acute kidney injury after surgery for adult CHD. Secondary objectives included determination of risk factors and associations with clinical outcomes. Methods This single-centre, retrospective cohort study was performed in a quaternary cardiovascular ICU in a paediatric hospital including all consecutive patients ⩾18 years between 2010 and 2013. Results Data from 118 patients with a median age of 29 years undergoing cardiac surgery were analysed. Using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome creatinine criteria, 36% of patients developed kidney injury, with 5% being moderate to severe (stage 2/3). Among higher-complexity surgeries, incidence was 59%. Age ⩾35 years, preoperative left ventricular dysfunction, preoperative arrhythmia, longer bypass time, higher Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery-1 category, and perioperative vancomycin use were significant risk factors for kidney injury development. In multivariable analysis, age ⩾35 years and vancomycin use were significant predictors. Those with kidney injury were more likely to have prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and cardiovascular ICU stay in the univariable regression analysis. Conclusions We demonstrated that acute kidney injury is a frequent complication in adults after surgery for CHD and is associated with poor outcomes. Risk factors for development were identified but largely not modifiable. Further investigation within this cohort is necessary to better understand the problem of kidney injury.
Unstable fronts and motile structures formed by microrollers

Collections of rolling colloids are shown to pinch off into motile clusters resembling droplets sliding down a windshield. These stable dynamic structures are formed through a fingering instability that relies on hydrodynamic interactions alone. Condensation of objects into stable clusters occurs naturally in equilibrium1 and driven systems2,3,4,5. It is commonly held that potential interactions6, depletion forces7, or sensing8 are the only mechanisms which can create long-lived compact structures. Here we show that persistent motile structures can form spontaneously from hydrodynamic interactions alone, with no sensing or potential interactions. We study this structure formation in a system of colloidal rollers suspended and translating above a floor, using both experiments and large-scale three-dimensional simulations. In this system, clusters originate from a previously unreported fingering instability, where fingers pinch off from an unstable front to form autonomous ‘critters’, whose size is selected by the height of the particles above the floor. These critters are a stable state of the system, move much faster than individual particles, and quickly respond to a changing drive. With speed and direction set by a rotating magnetic field, these active structures offer interesting possibilities for guided transport, flow generation, and mixing at the microscale.
Use of Satellite and In Situ Reflectance Data for Lake Water Color Characterization in the Everest Himalayan Region

This study applied remote sensing techniques to the study of water color in Himalayan glacial lakes as a proxy of suspended solid load. In situ measurements gathered in 5 lakes in October 2014 during satellite data acquisition enabled the characterization of water reflectance and clarity and supported image processing. Field data analysis led to a distinction between 3 water colors and a consequent lake water color classification on a regional scale from Landsat-8 data previously corrected for atmospheric and adjacency effects. Several morphometric parameters (lake size and shape, distance between lake and glacier) were also computed for the lakes thus classified. The results showed spatial and temporal variations in lake water color, suggestive of relationships between glacier shrinkage and the presence of brighter and more turbid water. A finer-scale analysis of the spatial variability of water reflectance on Chola Lake (based on GeoEye-1 data captured on 18 October 2014) showed the contribution of water component absorption from the inflow. Overall, the findings support further research to monitor Himalayan lakes using both Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 (with its improved resolutions).
Abstract 956: Novel oral small molecule CXCR4 inhibitor improves activity of immune checkpoint blockade in ovarian cancer mouse model

Ovarian cancer continues to be the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with no real cure for patients presenting with advanced stage disease. Immune check point blockade showed modest clinical response in patient with recurrent ovarian cancer, thus additional therapeutic strategies for combination therapy are needed. As chemokines and their receptors drive both immune cell migration and tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis formation, they are an attractive target for combinatorial cancer therapy. CXCR4 is the most highly expressed chemokine receptor in advanced stage high grade serous ovarian cancer, thus the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel oral small molecule CXCR4 inhibitor (X4-136) alone and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition and the anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab, and characterize the changes in circulating immune cells during treatment in murine ovarian cancer model. The ID8 cell line was used in C57BL/6J mice to establish an immune competent murine model and to compare single agent and combination therapy with oral X4-136 CXCR4 inhibitor, bevacizumab, and anti-PD1. During treatment blood sampling was performed and immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results demonstrated that single agent therapies alone with either drug had no significant effect on tumor progression or survival. Combination therapy with the CXCR4 inhibitor and anti-PD1 improved survival compared to control animals and the other combination therapy groups. The addition of bevacizumab to the dual combination did not further prolong survival. Analysis of circulating immune cells revealed elevations in CD11b+Ly6C+ and the ratio of CD11b+Ly6C+ to CD11b+Ly6G+ in groups treated with the CXCR4 inhibitor, indicating an increase in circulating myeloid cells. Bevacizumab had no activity in this mouse model as a single agent, and did not have synergistic effect in combination therapy. For the first time we demonstrated that novel CXCR4 inhibitor X4-136 in combination therapy with anti-PD1 showed improved survival in murine ovarian cancer model. CXCR4 blockade increased the proportion of circulating myeloid cells during active treatment, thus further investigation into this novel therapeutic approach is warranted. Citation Format: Kristen Starbuck, Robert McGray, Samar Masoumi-Moghaddam, Ariel Francois, Kunle Odunsi, Emese Zsiros. Novel oral small molecule CXCR4 inhibitor improves activity of immune checkpoint blockade in ovarian cancer mouse model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 956. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-956
A new physics-based model for equilibrium saturation determination in binder jetting additive manufacturing process

Abstract In binder jetting additive manufacturing (BJ-AM) process, the features are created through the interaction between droplets of the liquid binding agent and the layered powder bed. The amount of binder, which is termed binder saturation, depends strongly on the liquid binder and powder bed interaction including the spreading (i.e. lateral migration) and penetration (vertical migration) of the binder in powder bed, and is of crucial importance for determining the accuracy and strength of the printed parts. In the present study, a new physics-based model is developed to predict the optimal saturation levels for the green part printing, which is realized via capillary pressure estimation that is based on the binder and powder bed interactions in the equilibrium state. The proposed model was evaluated by both the Ti-6Al-4V and 420 stainless steel powders that exhibit different powder characteristics and packing densities. In order to estimate the equilibrium saturation using the proposed model, the physical characteristics such as average contact angle between the binder and powder material, specific surface area of powder particles, saturation and capillary pressure characterization curve were determined. Features with various degrees of dimensions (1-D, 2-D, 3-D) were printed out using M-Lab ExOne printer for determining the equilibrium saturation. Good agreement was observed between the theoretical predictions and experimentally measured saturation levels for the Ti-6Al-4V powder. On the other hand, the model underestimated the optimal saturation level for the 420 stainless steel powder, which was likely caused by the micro-surface areas from powder particle surface that do not contribute to the binder-powder bed interactions.
Editorial team changes in 2018.

December 31, 2017 will mark the final day of Dr. Alastair V. Ferguson’s term as Associate Editor of the American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology . Dr. Ferguson has been a member of our Editorial Team since we replaced Curt Sigmund’s team in 2013, and
Validation of extended magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the HIT-SI3 experiment using the NIMROD code

The HIT-SI3 experiment uses a set of inductively driven helicity injectors to apply a non-axisymmetric current drive on the edge of the plasma, driving an axisymmetric spheromak equilibrium in a central confinement volume. These helicity injectors drive a non-axisymmetric perturbation that oscillates in time, with relative temporal phasing of the injectors modifying the mode structure of the applied perturbation. A set of three experimental discharges with different perturbation spectra are modelled using the NIMROD extended magnetohydrodynamics code, and comparisons are made to both magnetic and fluid measurements. These models successfully capture the bulk dynamics of both the perturbation and the equilibrium, though disagreements related to the pressure gradients experimentally measured exist.
The Effects of an Oral Taurine Dose and Supplementation Period on Endurance Exercise Performance in Humans: A Meta-Analysis

Taurine is central to many physiological processes, some of which are augmented by exogenous supply and have the potential to facilitate endurance performance; however, its independent effects on performance have not been systematically analysed. To evaluate the effects of isolated oral taurine ingestion on endurance performance and to assess the contribution of (1) the dose and (2) the supplementation period to the ergogenic effect. A search was performed using various databases in September 2017. The studies were screened using search criteria for eligibility. Ten peer-reviewed articles were identified for inclusion. A sub-analysis of time-to-exhaustion (TTE) trials (n = 7) was also performed. The effects of (1) dose and (2) the acute (single dose) or chronic (> 1 day) supplementation periods were assessed using meta-regression. The doses of taurine ranged from 1 to 6 g/day and were provided in single doses and for up to 2 weeks among a range of subjects. Taurine ingestion improved overall endurance performance (Hedges’ g = 0.40, 95% CI 0.12–0.67, P = 0.004), which was similar in TTE trials (Hedges’ g = 0.43, 95% CI 0.12–0.75, P = 0.007). There were no differences between acute or chronic supplementation for the full sample (P = 0.897) or the TTE group (P = 0.896). The dose of taurine did not moderate its effect on endurance performance (P > 0.05). Human endurance performance can be improved by orally ingesting a single dose of taurine in varying amounts (1–6 g).
Nerve Terminals and the Need to Use Quantum Theory

Many neuroscientists who study the relationship of consciousness to brain processes want to believe that classical physics will provide an adequate rational foundation for that task. But classical physics has bottom-up causation, and the direct rational basis for the claim that classical physics is applicable to the full workings of the brain rests on the basic presumption that it is applicable at the microscopic level. However, empirical evidence about what is actually happening at the trillions of synapses on the billions of neurons in a conscious brain is virtually nonexistent, and, according to the uncertainty principle, empirical evidence is in principle unable to justify the claim that deterministic behavior actually holds in the brain at the microscopic (ionic) scale. Thus the claim that classical determinism holds in living brains is empirically indefensible: sufficient evidence neither does, nor can in principle, exist.
Ectomycorrhizal Associations Function to Maintain Tropical Monodominance

Tropical rain forests are the epicenters of tree diversity. Nonetheless, tropical monodominance should be defined as >60%, rather than >50% of the tree species, co-occur in matrices of high-diversity, mixed rain forest. Several alternative mechanisms could produce this pattern, but one frequently cited observation is that most tropical monodominant trees form ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations. The majority of other trees in mixed rain forest form arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations, suggesting that ECM associations provide advantages to their monodominant trees; however, the mechanisms underlying this hypothesis have not been fully explored. This chapter will explore recent research in the tropical forests that has revealed evidence for positive feedbacks between ECM fungi, ECM monodominant trees and con-specific ECM seedlings. These positive feedbacks provide advantages to the ECM hosts that are not observed with AM and non-mycorrhizal trees. These advantages include linkages of seedlings to common ECM networks and interactions between ECM fungi and other saprotrophic microorganisms in forest soil that provide the ECM host with preferential access to limiting soil nutrients. These positive-feedback mechanisms may explain the local monodominance of an ECM tree species within the matrix of a typical high-diversity, predominantly AM rain forest community. Since tropical rain forests are currently threatened by human activities such as logging, development and industrial agriculture, understanding how mycorrhizal fungi function in maintaining tree diversity patterns is critical for managing and restoring these valuable ecosystems.
Vector projection on lyrics and user comments for a lightweight emotion-aware chinese music recommendation system

With the development of modern internet, information explodes exponentially, which makes people hard to find out what information they really want in a huge data set. In many famous music platforms in China, such as QQ Music, Wangyi Cloud Music, Xiami Music, how to recommend appropriate music to users is a very challenging issue. Most of these recommendation systems are using collaborative filtering method to recommend music. In our paper, we propose a light-weight emotion-aware approach which can analyze emotion based on the song lyric and user comments, via vector projection to decide which song can be recommended to the users in order to maximize their experiences. Two emotion lexicons had been adopted for such purposes. To validate our system, a small-scale user study has been conducted with mixed and interesting results. We offer suggestions on the adoption of each lexicon in the context of user satisfaction and use.