cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systems of Na‐Fe‐SiO2 Glasses and Steel: I, Wetting and Adherence

Wetting behavior of molten Na2O-Fe2O3-SiO2 and Na2O-FeO-SiO2 glasses on very-low-carbon steel at 900°C in purified Ar was studied. The steel surface was dry-polished and cleaned by ion bombardment. Glass frit was then placed on the metal, and the system was introduced into the furnace without exposure to air. Dynamic advancing and receding contact angles were measured. Shear (push-off) tests were performed on the glass-steel composite at room temperature to determine adherence. The equilibrium contact angles were obtained from the arithmetic mean of the final advancing and receding angles. As the Fe oxide content of the glasses increased, the degree of wetting improved; Fe3+ was more effective than a combination of Fe3+ and Fe2+ in improving the wettability. Glasses very nearly saturated with Fe oxide exhibited high adherence values and chemically adhered to steel.
Residual DNA analysis in biologics development: Review of measurement and quantitation technologies and future directions

Residual DNA (rDNA) is comprised of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments and longer length molecules originating from the host organism that may be present in samples from recombinant biological processes. Although similar in basic structural base pair units, rDNA may exist in different sizes and physical forms. Interest in measuring rDNA in recombinant products is based primarily on demonstration of effective purification during manufacturing, but also on some hypothetical concerns that, in rare cases, depending on the host expression system, some DNA sequences may be potentially infectious or oncogenic (e.g., HIV virus and the Ras oncogene, respectively). Recent studies suggest that a sequence known as long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1), widely distributed in the mammalian genome, is active as a retrotransposon that can be transcribed to RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA and inserts into a new site in genome. This integration process could potentially disrupt critical gene functions or induce tumorigenesis in mammals. Genomic DNA from microbial sources, on the other hand, could add to risk of immunogenicity to the target recombinant protein being expressed, due to the high CpG content and unmethylated DNA sequence. For these and other reasons, it is necessary for manufacturers to show clearance of DNA throughout production processes and to confirm low levels in the final drug substance using an appropriately specific and quantitative analytical method. The heterogeneity of potential rDNA sequences that might be makes the testing of all potential analytes challenging. The most common methodology for rDNA quantitation used currently is real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a robust and proven technology. Like most rDNA quantitation methods, the specificity of RT-PCR is limited by the sequences to which the primers are directed. To address this, primase-based whole genome amplification is introduced herein. This paper will review the recent advancement in rDNA quantitation and recent findings regarding potential risks of immunogenicity, infectivity, and oncogenicity of rDNA.
Quality measures and the individual physician.

The quarterly “report card” sits on my desk. Only 33% of my patients with diabetes have glycated hemoglobin levels that are at goal. Only 44% have cholesterol levels at goal. A measly 26% have blood pressure at goal. All my grades are well below my institution's targets. It's hard not to feel like a failure when the numbers are so abysmal. We've been getting these reports for more than 2 years now, and my numbers never budge. It's wholly dispiriting. When I voice concern about the reports, I'm told that these are simply data, not criticisms, and that any feedback . . .
Spherical complexes and radial projections of polytopes

Using the techniques of Gale diagrams a simple criterion is given for determining when a given spherical complex onSn−1 ⊂En is the radial projection, from the centre ofSn−1, of a convex polytope. Previously a criterion was known only for the casen=2.
Is public infrastructure productive? A metropolitan perspective using new capital stock estimates

Abstract This paper studies the productivity of public investment within the context of a neoclassical growth model. We use recently developed estimates of public infrastructure from Crihfield-Panggabean, Holtz-Eakin, Munnell, and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) to calculate public and private-sector investment rates. These infrastructure measures are combined with disaggregated data for the states and 282 metropolitan areas in order to estimate the growth model. The estimations show that public infrastructure, however measured, has at most a modest effect on factor markets, and an even smaller impact on growth in per-capita income. Public infrastructure surely plays an important role in metropolitan economies. However, its marginal contribution is no more than, and may be less than, other forms of investment.
Continuing quality improvement procedures for a clinical PACS.

The University of California at San Francisco (USCF) Department of Radiology currently has a clinically operational picture archiving and communication system (PACS) that is thirty-five percent filmless, with the goal of becoming seventy-five percent filmless within the year. The design and implementation of the clinical PACS has been a collaborative effort between an academic research laboratory and a commercial vendor partner. Images are digitally acquired from three computed radiography (CR) scanners, five computed tomography (CT) scanners, five magnetic resonance (MR) imagers, three digital fluoroscopic rooms, an ultrasound mini-PACS and a nuclear medicine mini-PACS. The DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard communications protocol and image format is adhered to throughout the PACS. Images are archived in hierarchical staged fashion, on a RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks) and on magneto-optical disk jukeboxes. The clinical PACS uses an object-oriented Oracle SQL (systems query language) database, and interfaces to the Radiology Information System using the HL7 (Health Languages 7) standard. Components are networked using a combination of switched and fast ethernet, and ATM (asynchronous transfer mode), all over fiber optics. The wide area network links six UCSF sites in San Francisco. A combination of high and medium resolution dual-monitor display stations have been placed throughout the Department of Radiology, the Emergency Department (ED) and Intensive Care Units (ICU). A continuing quality improvement (CQI) committee has been formed to facilitate the PACS installation and training, workflow modifications, quality assurance and clinical acceptance. This committee includes radiologists at all levels (resident, fellow, attending), radiology technologists, film library personnel, ED and ICU clinian end-users, and PACS team members. The CQI committee has proved vital in the creation of new management procedures, providing a means for user feedback and education, and contributing to the overall acceptance of, and user satisfaction with the system. Well developed CQI procedures have been essential to the successful clinical operation of the PACS as UCSF Radiology moves toward, a filmless department.
Two Theoretical Approaches in Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

We present the theories used in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and the expansion schemes used as numerical integrators for solving the time dependent Schrodinger Equation. We highlight potential future theoretical and numerical directions in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonancesuch as the Chebychev expansion and the transformation of Cayley.
A tool for designing high-confidence implantable biosensor networks for medical monitoring

In this work we describe a software tool for designing implantable biosensor network (BSN) applications. BSNs are next generation medical monitoring systems, which provide continuous monitoring and actuation capabilities to medical personnel. They usually form a wireless network on a subject's body and can be controlled remotely. Before deploying any mission critical systems, it is important to be able to evaluate their performnce in the appropriate settings, and fine tune the design choices made. This is especially important for BSNs which are cyber-physical in nature --- they interact and influence their environment of deployment. Toward this goal we present the development of a software tool which can be used by developers and medical personnel to emulate an actual deployment of biosensor applications and evaluate its performance in different scenarios. We use Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) in order to implement our tool as it provides an easy to use interface for specifying complex systems, and their environments. In this paper we discuss various aspects of developing such a tool including prinicipal characteristics of BSNs that need to be considered by it along with its functional architecture. We also provide an example scenario of how the tool can be used to evlauate a specific biosensor application.
GPS Application to Time Transfer and Dissemination

The Global Positioning System (GPS), in addition to providing precise navigation and positioning information, produces precise time and frequency measurements. These measurements result from the atomic clocks in the GPS satellites, which are closely coupled to Universal Coordinated Time as maintained by the U. S. Naval Observatory [UTC(USNO)]. The application of these measurements to timekeeping and other systems requiring precise time and frequency is distinct from the navigation/positioning mission. This article will describe the differences in application of GPS to time and frequency uses. These uses will be described in the major areas of timekeeping; stationary uses, such as communications networking; and mobile use for aircraft and shipboard applications. The major considerations in application and operation with precise and less-capable oscilators will be described. Examples and data will be presented to illustrate the applications. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The effects of arachidonic acid, PGI2, and 6-keto-PGF1α on cylic nucleotide concentrations in a ventilated and artificially perfused isolated dog lung

Abstract In 35 isolated dog lung preparations, the pulmonary circulation of the right lung was completely separated from that of the left so that 1 lung of each preparation could serve as a control. The lungs were ventilated with 14% O 2 , 6% CO 2 and 80% N 2 and the pulmonary circulations were perfused with a dextran-salt-bicarbonate solution containing theophylline. Samples of perfusate were assayed for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP (radioimmunoassay). Infusions of arachidonic acid (n=6) and PGI 2 (n=4) but not 6-keto-PGF 1α (n=3) into the pulmonary circulation led to increases in cyclic AMP compared to control. Cyclic GMP levels were unchanged by the various infusions. Indomethacin (n=4) and acetylsalicylic acid (n=4) (prostaglandin (PG) synthesis inhibitors), and tranylcypromine (n=4) (a PGI 2 synthetase inhibitor), prevented the cyclic AMP increases from arachidonic acid. This prevention was not the result of interference with the ability of cells to produce or release cyclic AMP since indomethacin (n=3), acetylsalicylic acid (n=3), and tranylcypromine (n=4) did not prevent cyclic AMP increases from PGI 2 . We conclude that infusion of arachidonic acid into the canine lung elevated pulmonary cyclic AMP but not cyclic GMP; that part or all of this increase most likely resulted from conversion of arachidonic acid to products of PG synthesis, particularly PGI 2 ; that infusion of PGI 2 mimicked arachidonic acid in that pulmonary cyclic AMP but not cyclic GMP was elevated, and that 6-keto-PGF 1α , a metabolite of PGI 2 , is unlikely to account for the cyclic AMP increases in this study.
A lytic factor associated with brucellaphage causing "lysis-from-without".

Des bacteriophages de Brucella se sont montres capables de provoquer une lyse extra-cellulaire, en cultures liquides deB. abortus, en presence de glycine et d'acide ethylene-diamine-tetraacetique. Des traitements au serum anti-bacteriophage, aux enzymes proteolytiques, ou la centrifugation differentielle dans le chlorure de cesium n'ont pu separer l'activite lytique de la particule infectieuse elle-meme.
Structure of the inflorescence and flower of Petalonyx linearis (Loasaceae)

Inflorescence and floral structure ofPetalonyx linearis are described to assist in understanding homologies among the diverse flowers ofLoasaceae. The inflorescence consists of racemose axes, along which each individual flower is recaulescent with its subtending leaf. Both floral vascularization and appendage initiations show a set of variations. The pseudomonomerous gynoecium may be derived from a triplacental condition. Nectary position, on a collar on which the perianth and androecium are inserted, appears homologous to the ovarian dome position of the nectary among otherLoasaceae.
Tuning Quantum‐Dot Organization in Liquid Crystals for Robust Photonic Applications

Mesogenic ligands have the potential to provide control over the dispersion and stabilization of nanoparticles in liquid crystal (LC) phases. The creation of such hybrid materials is an important goal for the creation of soft tunable photonic devices, such as the LC laser. Herein, we present a comparison of isotropic and mesogenic ligands attached to the surface of CdSe (core-only) and CdSe/ZnS (core/shell) quantum dots (QDs). The mesogenic ligand's flexible arm structure enhances ligand alignment, with the local LC director promoting QD dispersion in the isotropic and nematic phases. To characterize QD dispersion on different length scales, we apply fluorescence microscopy, X-ray scattering, and scanning confocal photoluminescent imaging. These combined techniques demonstrate that the LC-modified QDs do not aggregate into the dense clusters observed for dots with simple isotropic ligands when dispersed in liquid crystal, but loosely associate in a fluid-like droplet with an average interparticle spacing >10 nm. Embedding the QDs in a cholesteric cavity, we observe comparable coupling effects to those reported for more closely packed isotropic ligands.
Restenosis after successful coronary angioplasty. Pathophysiology and prevention.

OVER the past decade, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has gained wide acceptance as the procedure of choice in many patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. As experience with the procedure has grown, its rate of success has risen to approximately 90 percent and the incidence of acute complications has fallen; as a result, emergency coronary-artery bypass surgery is required in less than 4 percent of patients.1 2 3 Despite these improvements, re-Stenosis in the days, weeks, or months after successful angioplasty of a narrowed coronary artery occurs in 25 to 35 percent of patients,3 4 5 6 7 or 45 to 55 percent of those with . . .
Echocardiography on the neonatal unit: a job for the neonatologist or the cardiologist?

Over recent years echocardiography has changed from a purely research tool to an essential part of adequate management of the critically ill newborn. In the hypotensive or shocked infant, there is no better way to find a treatable underlying cause of their circulatory failure such as myocardial dysfunction, a large ductal shunt, pericardial effusion, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infants of mothers with diabetes. A large ductal shunt sufficient to cause severe reduction in effective cardiac output and even cardiorespiratory collapse after extubation can be clinically silent and may only be revealed by echocardiography.1 Similarly, septic vegetations or thrombi on valves or central lines can only be seen this way, and it is feasible to assess pulmonary arterial pressure non-invasively in most ill newborns. Therefore, someone needs to be available 24 hours a day in all neonatal units to do echocardiography. There are about 60 paediatric cardiologists in the UK, about one per million of the population; this is simply not enough to provide a 24 hour service for all neonatal units, many of which are long distances from big cities. Some …
Inclusion properties for random relations under the hypotheses of stochastic independence and non-interactivity

This paper investigates whether random set inclusion is preserved by non-interactivity and by stochastic independence. Let (&#x1d4b3;1, x 1), (&#x1d4b3;2, x 2) be two random sets on U 1 and U 2, respectively, and let (&#x1d4b4;1, y 1), (&#x1d4b4;2, y 2) be two consonant inclusions of theirs. Let (&#x1d4b5;1, z 1) be the random relation on U 1 × U 2 obtained from (&#x1d4b3;1, x 1) and (&#x1d4b3;2, x 2) under the hypothesis of stochastic independence, and let (&#x1d4b5;2, z 2) ((&#x1d4b5;3, z 3), respectively) be the random relation on U 1 × U 2 obtained from (&#x1d4b4;1, y 1), (&#x1d4b4;2, y 2) under the hypothesis of non-interactivity (stochastic independence, respectively). We prove that these hypotheses do not imply that (&#x1d4b5;1, z 1) ⊆ (&#x1d4b5;2, z 2), but imply that (&#x1d4b5;1, z 1) ⊆ (&#x1d4b5;3, z 3).
Relationship between bitter-taste receptor genotype and solid medication formulation usage among young children: a retrospective analysis.

Background Children often refuse to take medication in liquid formulation because of its unpleasant taste. Recent advances in taste genetics have provided some insight into individual differences in taste among children: due to their genotype, some prefer more intense sweetness and are more sensitive to bitter tastes and thus may have different needs for medication formulation.
The influence of thumb metacarpophalangeal joint rotation on the evaluation of ulnar collateral ligament injuries: a biomechanical study in a cadaver model.

Purpose To determine whether variation in thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint pronosupination influences perceived ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) stability during clinical stress testing. Methods Twelve fresh-frozen specimens underwent sequential evaluation for the following conditions: ligament intact (LI), proper UCL deficient (-pUCL), and proper and accessory UCL deficient (*UCL). Valgus stress testing was completed in both 0° and 30° MCP joint flexion for thumb pronation, neutral, and supination. Results Compared with neutral MCP joint rotation, supination decreased and pronation increased stability such that established treatment guidelines could be incorrectly applied. During evaluation in supination and 0° flexion, 9/12 -pUCL had greater than 35° laxity and, similarly, the mean laxity of -pUCL was similar to the *UCL group in neutral rotation and 0° flexion, incorrectly suggesting a complete ligament tear. In comparison, mean laxity of the *UCL in pronation and 0° flexion was not different than -pUCL in neutral rotation and 0° flexion, emphasizing the stabilizing effect of pronation. Conclusions Thumb MCP joint pronosupination significantly influenced the evaluation of joint stability, where pronation improved valgus stability in contrast to supination that tended to increase joint instability, In pronation and 0° flexion, a complete UCL injury could be misdiagnosed as a partial injury. In supination and 30° flexion, an intact UCL could be misdiagnosed as a partial UCL injury. In supination and 0°, a partial UCL injury could be misdiagnosed as a complete UCL injury. Clinical relevance Accurate evaluation of thumb UCL stability is critical for guiding treatment. Variations in thumb MCP joint rotation during stress testing may influence clinical interpretation and, therefore, we recommend standardization of testing with the thumb MCP joint in neutral rotation.
Focus Groups and the Development of New Products by Technologically Driven Companies: Some Guidelines

Manufacturers of consumer goods frequently have used focus group discussions to learn about consumers' reactions to both new and existing products. Typically, results of these discussions have led to the exploration of new concepts and the identification of new opportunities. Edward McQuarrie and Shelby McIntyre have developed a series of practical guidelines to help industrial and technological companies use focus groups during the process of concept development and refinement. The group's discussion provides insight into how the product may be received by buyers in the marketplace.
Chemical differences of aquatic humic substances extracted by XAD-8 and DEAE-cellulose

Abstract Chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from an ombrotrophic bog in northern Minnesota by two methods – XAD-8 and DEAE-cellulose – were compared using 13C NMR spectroscopy, excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMS), and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). DOM extracted with XAD-8, a relatively hydrophobic sorbent, had a larger 13C NMR signal in the aromatic carbon region, but DOM extracted by DEAE-cellulose, a weak anion exchanger, had a larger signal in the carboxylic carbon region. DOM extracts prepared by the two methods were similar in their overall chemical characteristics that serve as proxies for organic matter sources. For example, only small differences were observed in the fluorescence index (FI) values of the extracts, and all values were within the range expected for terrestrially-derived DOM. EEMS spectra of both extracts had “humic-like” peak A areas smaller than that of standard reference Suwannee River fulvic acid. Of 2801 distinct chemical formulas assigned during FT-ICR MS analysis of the two extracts, 66% were present in both; 15% were unique to the XAD-8 extract, and 19% were unique to the DEAE-cellulose extract. Van Krevelen plots showed that the DEAE-cellulose extract had more tannin-like and condensed aromatic entities and formulas with higher O/C ratios, whereas the XAD-8 extract had more lignin-like material and formulas with higher H/C ratios. Overall, differences in chemical characteristics of the extracts reflect the mechanisms by which the extractants operate.
Technical Writing Tools for Engineers and Scientists

Technical writing poses specific challenges; to meet them, LaTeX goes beyond business-oriented word processors and makes it easier to create complex documents. Here, I'll compare a typical LaTeX installation to a generic business-oriented word processor-specifically, Microsoft Word (part of the Office suite), but it could just as easily be Corel WordPerfect or OpenOffice Writer (a free software package). This isn't an exhaustive list of word processors, nor is it intended to be due to space limitations. Some of the newer free online writing tools-such as Google Docs or Zoho Writer-are basically online variations of more traditional business-oriented word processors, and they're not specifically aimed at technical writing. Finally, it's not my intention here to disparage business-oriented word processors; they're sophisticated tools that are very good at their intended purpose: producing business documents.
Recent lake ice-out phenology within and among lake districts of Alaska, U.S.A

The timing of ice-out in high latitudes is a fundamental threshold for lake ecosystems and an indicator of climate change. In lake-rich regions, the loss of ice cover also plays a key role in landscape and climatic processes. Thus, there is a need to understand lake ice phenology at multiple scales. In this study, we observed ice-out timing on 55 large lakes in 11 lake districts across Alaska from 2007 to 2012 using satellite imagery. Sensor networks in two lake districts validated satellite observations and provided comparison with smaller lakes. Over this 6 yr period, the mean lake ice-out for all lakes was 27 May and ranged from 07 May in Kenai to 06 July in Arctic Coastal Plain lake districts with relatively low inter-annual variability. Approximately 80% of the variation in ice-out timing was explained by the date of 0°C air temperature isotherm and lake area. Shoreline irregularity, watershed area, and river connectivity explained additional variation in some districts. Coherence in ice-out timing within the lakes of each district was consistently strong over this 6 yr period, ranging from r-values of 0.5 to 0.9. Inter-district analysis of coherence also showed synchronous ice-out patterns with the exception of the two arctic coastal districts where ice-out occurs later (June-July) and climatology is sea-ice influenced. These patterns of lake ice phenology provide a spatially extensive baseline describing short-term temporal variability, which will help decipher longer term trends in ice phenology and aid in representing the role of lake ice in land and climate models in northern landscapes.
Prediction of a pure-carbon planar covalent metal.

Carbon is well-known as an insulator, a semimetal, a molecular solid, and a one-dimensional semiconductor or low-density-of-states metal. We propose a pure-carbon planar structure composed of pentagons and heptagons that is metallic with a density of states at the Fermi level of \ensuremath{\sim}0.1 state per eV per atom. This structure, planar carbon pentaheptite, is metastable with a total energy per carbon atom comparable to that of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$. The structure can be rolled into tubes in a manner similar to graphite. Possible synthetic pathways are discussed.
Indirect Optical Absorption of AgCl-AgBr Alloys

High-resolution measurements of the optical absorption edge of pure crystals of AgBr and AgCl are in good agreement with the theory of phonon-assisted indirect transitions. The indirect optical absorption of AgCl-AgBr mixed crystals has been studied between 4.2 and 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the addition of AgBr to AgCl causes the absorption edge to shift continuously from the pure AgCl threshold at 3.252 eV to the pure AgBr threshold at 2.691 eV. Above 5.7 mole% AgBr in AgCl, the absorption coefficient increases steeply to values considerably greater than that of pure AgBr at the same wavelength. The effect of the alloying on the pure-crystal absorption spectra is somewhat different for the two extremes of mixing. In AgBr-rich mixed crystals (g90 mole% AgBr in AgCl), a temperature-independent component with a sharp threshold is observed at an energy precisely halfway between the indirect phonon-emission and phonon-absorption thresholds (which still appear with phonon energy 0.0082 eV as in pure AgBr). This suggests that nonvertical transitions can occur in the alloy without the aid of phonons to conserve crystal momentum. The zero-phonon threshold is not so evident for dilute concentrations of AgBr in AgCl, where a weak shoulder and tail extends approximately 0.07 eV to longer wavelengths. Some comparison with theory is given, but present understanding of the band structure of alloys is rather incomplete.
Control of drug concentration-time profiles in vivo by zero-order transdermal delivery systems

Abstract Control of 9-β-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) and ara-A-2',3'-diacetate (ara-ADA) concentrations in blood from zero-order transdermal delivery systems was achieved using newly designed transdermal patches with rate-limiting membranes. Membrane permeability coefficients were altered by changing copolymer compositions of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with styrene (St) or N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP). The copolymers compositions were chosen according to the hydration properties of the membrane. In vitro permeability coefficients of 5 × 10−6, 1 × 10−6, 5 × 10−7and 1 × 10−7 cm/s were obtained for ara-A and ara-ADA with the membranes used in the transdermal patches. In vivo blood levels of the total drug (i.e., drug plus metabolites) were monitored following application of the patch on Azone pretreated abdominal sites of hairless mice. The drug concentration-time profiles agreed with the values predicted from the theoretical model developed from the in vitro studies.
Diagnosis in abdominal trauma

Abstract 1. 1. Diagnosis in traumatic lesions of the abdomen includes investigation in respect to shock, hemorrhage and other associated conditions, as well as determinations of the location and extent of abdominal injury. 2. 2. Even in obscure cases with either penetrating wounds, or visceral injuries caused by blunt force, diagnosis is usually possible before shock and hemorrhage, or extravasation of gastrointestinal contents have been fatally prolonged or extensive. 3. 3. The clinical manifestations as well as the findings obtained by clinical laboratory, x -ray and endoscopic methods of study, which permit early diagnosis and serve as a guide to therapy are presented. 4. 4. The indications for and methods of exploring the abdominal wall wound as well as the peritoneal cavity are detailed. 5. 5. Criteria for the selection of cases requiring operative treatment, and for the timing of surgical intervention are given. 6. 6. The incidence and character of lesions as revealed at the time of operation is reviewed. 7. 7. Methods of determining the presence and extent of hidden lesions at the time of operation are discussed. 8. 8. The complications which frequently follow abdominal injuries are considered in respect to the importance of their early recognition.
Highly coherent injection-seeded 13.2 nm tabletop soft x-ray laser

We report a dramatic improvement of the spatial coherence and beam divergence (0.66 mrad) of a 13.2 nm wavelength Ni-like Cd tabletop laser by injection seeding the soft x-ray laser amplifier with high-harmonics pulses generated in a Ne gas jet. This phase coherent laser is an attractive light source for at-wavelength interferometry of extreme ultraviolet lithography optics and other applications.
Myxomycetes of the Radnor Lake State Natural Area, Davidson County, Tennessee

Abstract A survey for myxomycetes was conducted within the Radnor Lake State Natural Area, Davidson County, Tennessee from May 5 to October 2, 1994. Fruiting bodies that developed on samples of bark and plant debris placed in moist chamber cultures were used to supplement field collections. The present report deals with 225 specimens representing 57 species of myxomycetes. Three of these (Diderma floriforme, Physarella oblonga, and Comatricha longa) are new reports from Tennessee.
The involvement of low-income African American fathers in their children's lives, and the barriers they face.

Objective.—To examine the involvement of fathers in the lives of low-income African American 8-year-old children, and the barriers they face. Methods.—The sample was comprised of 117 fathers or father figures of 8-year-olds in families participating in a longitudinal study of child development and maltreatment. The men were asked a series of open-ended questions pertaining to their involvement in the children's lives. Their responses were audiotaped and transcribed. Major themes and subthemes were identified and coded on NVIVO software. Results.—The men conveyed a strong sense of commitment to the children, identifying many issues reported by white and middle class men, such as providing support and affection and teaching values and skills. They raised the need to protect the children and help take care of them when sick, some adding that they did not feel confident doing so. They saw discipline as one of their roles, but described this as difficult for them. The men faced challenges of not having financial resources, not living with the child, and lacking knowledge or skills. Conclusions.—This group of fathers appears to be clearly committed to their children, despite significant challenges. There are a variety of ways that pediatricians can help facilitate their positive involvement in children's lives, and they may well contribute to the health and development of such high-risk children.
Abstract 1049: DNMT3b increases transformation efficiency and accelerates carcinogen induced transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Malignant tumors and cell lines are characterized by increased expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b. While evidence suggests that DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b co-operate in methylation and gene silencing during carcinogenesis, very little is known regarding gene targets for DNMT3a and DNMT3b and their impact on the development of adenocarcinoma. We developed an in vitro model using human telomerase/cyclin dependent kinase 4-immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBECs) to identify key molecular changes that drive transformation and clonal outgrowth of preneoplastic lung epithelial cells during exposure to tobacco carcinogens. Carcinogen exposure (0.5mM MNU and 0.05µM BPDE) for 12 weeks induced transformation of HBEC2 cells and transformation efficiency was associated with DNA repair capacity. A significant increase in DNMT1 protein was observed during carcinogen exposure while moderate increases in DNMT3a and DNMT3b were observed in transformed cells. Increased DNMT3a and DNMT3b levels have been reported in several cancers. We observed 5-20 fold increased expression of DNMT3a and DNMT3b in tumor derived lung cancer cell lines. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that over expressing DNMT3a and DNMT3b would accelerate transformation by targeting specific genes for methylation and promote full malignancy in carcinogen-treated HBECs. Over expression of DNMT3a or DNMT3b did not affect DNA repair capacity and was not sufficient to drive spontaneous transformation as evidenced by inability to form colonies on soft agar. Transformation efficiency was increased 2-2.5 fold in the two HBEC2 cell lines over expressing DNMT3b after 12 weeks of carcinogen treatment relative to treated parental HBEC2. In addition, after 8 weeks, colony formation was evident in the DNMT3b over expressing, but not in parental HBECs indicating that increased expression of this de novo DNMT accelerates transformation. Over expressing DNMT3a had no effect on carcinogen-induced transformation. Current studies are evaluating global re-programming of the epigenome in transformed clones using the Illumina 450k promoter array and the effect of over expression of DNMT3b on stem cell markers. This study was supported by R01 ES008801 to S.A.B. and 1F32 CA157082 to I.T. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1049. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1049
450 ASSOCIATION OF CUSHING'S SYNDROME CAUSED BY PRIMARY ADRENOCORTICAL NODULAR DYSPLASIA WITH ATRIAL MYXOMA

Association of Gushing's syndrome caused by primary adrenocortical nodular dysplasia (PAND) with atrial myxoma was recently reported by Schweizer-Cagianut, Salomon and Hedinger in a Swiss family. We have recently studied a female who presented at age 13 with clinical signs of Gushing's syndrome. Serum cortisol was markedly elevated, and there was no suppression with low and high doses of dexamethasone. Arteriogram indicated an enlarged left adrenal gland. On surgical removal of the left adrenal, PAND was found. After a one year remission Cushing's syndrome recurred, and the other adrenal was excised, also revealing PAND. Three years later a systolic ejection murmur with a mid-systolic click was detected. Echocardiogram revealed a large right atrial mass. Serum hyaluronic acid level was 30.8 μg/ml (normal 0-5). Two myxomas, one attached to the RA septum and the other to the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve, were removed, with recovery of the patient. A genetic basis for the association of PAND with atrial myxoma is postulated. Determination of serum hyaluronic acid levels is helpful in the diagnosis of atrial myxomas.
Geriatric renal palliative care is coming of age.

In 2003, Oreopoulos and Dimkovic called attention to the growing geriatric renal population, the need for a re-assessment of their management and aptly stated that ‘‘Geriatric nephrology is coming of age’’ [1]. Since that prescient observation, the dialysis experience in the elderly population has produced some somber facts. Understanding how to best treat these patients has assumed primary importance since dialysis units will soon be overpopulated by those older than 75 years, and the great majority will not receive transplants. The course for an individual patient remains uncertain even with the best prognostic tools. The future predicts an increasing elderly renal population whose main desire is to maintain independence and quality of life (QOL) through optimal mental capacity and physical functioning despite mounting comorbidities, geriatric syndromes and a shrinking personal world. How can we best prepare to meet this challenge? Is there an approach that engenders hope? A shift in perspective provides a starting point. The landscape of geriatric CKD and dialysis is a model of chronic progressive illness
The Development and Structure of Personal Control in Teachers

AbstractIt is unclear how the degree to which teachers perceive themselves as responsible for student achievement is developed. Teacher personal control was investigated by comparing the responses of teacher trainees with the responses of practicing teachers on the I-E Scale. Teacher trainees responded in a manner somewhat different from other reported groups of undergraduate students. The responses of teachers with more than 5 years experience indicated a significantly higher sense of personal control than either teacher trainees or teachers with less than 5 years experience. Other identified differences and their implications are discussed.
Short Communication: A method for discovering transmembrane beta-barrel proteins in Gram-negative bacterial proteomes

Transmembrane @b-barrel (TMB) proteins play pivotal roles in many aspects of bacterial functions. This paper presents a k-nearest neighbor (K-NN) method for discriminating TMB and non-TMB proteins. We start with a method that makes predictions based on a distance computed from residue composition and gradually improve the prediction performance by including homologous sequences and searching for a set of residues and di-peptides for calculating the distance. The final method achieves an accuracy of 97.1%, with 0.876 MCC, 86.4% sensitivity and 98.8% specificity. A web server based on the proposed method is available at http://yanbioinformatics.cs.usu.edu:8080/TMBKNNsubmit.
Whole-Genome Sequencing to Identify Mutants and Polymorphisms in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides a new platform for the identification of mutations that produce a mutant phenotype. We used Illumina sequencing to identify the mutational profile of three Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant strains. The three strains have more than 38,000 changes from the reference genome. NG6 is aflagellate and maps to 269 kb with only one nonsynonymous change; the V12E mutation falls in the FLA8 gene. Evidence that NG6 is a fla8 allele comes from swimming revertants that are either true or pseudorevertants. NG30 is aflagellate and maps to 458 kb that has six nonsynonomous changes. Evidence that NG30 has a causative nonsense allele in IFT80 comes from rescue of the nonswimming phenotype with a fragment bearing only this gene. This gene has been implicated in Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. Electron microscopy of ift80-1 (NG30) shows a novel basal body phenotype. A bar or cap is observed over the distal end of the transition zone, which may be an intermediate in preparing the basal body for flagellar assembly. In the acetate-requiring mutant ac17, we failed to find a nonsynonymous change in the 676 kb mapped region, which is incompletely assembled. In these strains, 43% of the changes occur on two of the 17 chromosomes. The excess on chromosome 6 surrounds the mating-type locus, which has numerous rearrangements and suppressed recombination, and the changes extend beyond the mating-type locus. Unexpectedly, chromosome 16 shows an unexplained excess of single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels. Overall, WGS in combination with limited mapping allows fast and accurate identification of point mutations in Chlamydomonas.
Characterization of pathogenic bacteria by automated headspace concentration—gas chromatography

Abstract Automated headspace concentration—gas chromatography (AHC—GC) was used to profile the volatile metabolites produced by Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial cultures were incubated in trypticase soy broth and examined at 24 h. The profiles were consistent for each genus examined and variation observed among the different strains of each species was chiefly quantitative. The volatiles were identified by concurrent headspace concentration—gas chromatography—mass spectrometry and consisted mainly of isobutanol, isopentanol, isopentyl acetate, 1-undecene and methyl ketones. There were sufficient differences in the profiles in the 4-6 min elution period to distinguish P. aeruginosa and S. aureus from each other and from the other two bacteria. P. mirabilis and K. pneumoniae typically showed three intense peaks which corresponded to isobutanol, isopentyl acetate and isopentanol. The determination of volatiles by AHC—GC is sensitive, rapid and offers a possible alternative for automatic detection and characterization of pathogenic bacteria.
Fast and efficient parallel solution of dense linear systems

The most efficient previously known parallel algorithms for the inversion of a nonsingular n × n matrix A or solving a linear system Ax = b over the rational numbers require O(log2n) time and M(n)n processors [provided that M(n) processors suffice in order to multiply two n × n rational matrices in time O(logn)]. Furthermore, the known polylog arithmetic time algorithms for those problems are numerically unstable. In this paper we apply Newton's iteration and initially choose an approximate inverse matrix by following Ben-Israel. This quadratically convergent and numerically stable iterative method takes O(log2n) parallel time using M(n) processors to compute the inverse (within the relative precision 2−nc for a positive constant c) of an n × n rational matrix A with the condition number at most nd for a constant d. This is the optimum processor bound and by a factor of n improvement of the previously known processor bounds for polylogarithmic time matrix inversion. The algorithm does not require to precompute the condition number of the input matrix, but it just converges slower for ill-conditioned input matrices.
Estimation of Input-Output Coefficients by Means of Employment Data

A new procedure is presented for estimating input-output tables with limited survey data. Its significance lies in two areas: it demonstrates the efficacy of adjusting biproportionally the Leontief inverse rather than the matrix of technical coefficients and it shows the potential of utilizing independently gathered, less expensive, employment data in the column constraint. This procedure is tested by use of Washington input-output tables; the results compare favorably with conventional RAS adjustments.
Simple debugging techniques for embedded subsystems

Abstract This paper describes some of the tools and methods used for developing and debugging embedded subsystems at Fermilab. Specifically, these tools have been used for the Flying Wire project and are currently being employed for the New TECAR upgrade. The Flying Wire is a subsystem that swings a wire through the beam in order to measure luminosity and beam density distribution, and TECAR (Tevatron excitation controller and regulator) controls the power-supply ramp generation for the superconducting Tevatron accelerator at Fermilab. In both instances the subsystem hardware consists of a VME crate with one or more processors, shared memory and a network connection to the accelerator control system. Two real-time-operating systems are currently being used: VRTX for the Flying Wire system, and MTOS for New TECAR. The code which runs in these subsystems is a combination of C and assembler and is developed using the Microtec cross-development tools on a VAX 8650 running VMS. This paper explains how multiple debuggers are used to give the greatest possible flexibility from assembly to high-level debugging. Also discussed is how network debugging and network downloading can make a very effective and efficient means of finding bugs in the subsystem environment. The debuggers used are PROBE1, TRACER and the MTOS debugger.
Simulated professional poster session as a (semi-) authentic learning experience

One of the major forms of scientific and technical communication is a poster session found at many scientific and technical conferences. Most students are not exposed to this type of communication early in their academic careers, and those who choose to enter into a non-technical major may never be exposed to this style of presentation. We report the results of a program to increase scientific literacy through the wide-scale implementation of a professional poster session-style presentation in an introductory physics course. Student groups were required to complete a term project and produce a poster that was displayed in a poster-style setting. In addition, student groups were required to make a ten-minute presentation to faculty teams as well as peer-review other posters. Both faculty and students overwhelmingly supported the initial implementation of this program.
AGN in the GOODS Fields: Variability and Multiwavelength Detection

Active galactic nuclei can be identified in deep HST surveys using different selection techniques and multiwavelength data. We aim to produce a complete sample of AGN in the GOODS South and North fields by combining X-ray, optical and mid-IR selection criteria, including galaxies displaying nuclear optical variability.
September 11th related stress and trauma in New Yorkers

Exposure to trauma and stress has been linked with poor health, while forgiveness appears to be positively associated with health outcomes. The current study investigates whether traits such as forgiveness and ruminative tendencies predict levels of trauma and stress experienced by New York City residents on the 1-year anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attack. Seventy-one students and staff members (57 females, 14 males) of a graduate school in New York City were administered the Impact of Events Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and questionnaires designed for the purpose of this study to measure ruminative tendencies and forgiveness on September 11, 2002. Rumination predicted levels of trauma (p < 0.05) and perceived stress (p < 0.01). Lower levels of forgiveness predicted perceived stress (p < 0.05), but not trauma. Rumination mediated the relationship between forgiveness and perceived stress. These findings suggest that individuals with higher levels of rumination have an elevated risk of experiencing trauma and stress-related symptoms following a traumatic event. Forgiveness is associated with lower levels of stress, but not trauma, perhaps because trauma is an extreme form of stress. Forgiveness appears to serve as a buffer against stress more so in individuals with low levels of rumination than in individuals with high levels of rumination. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.