cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pitch Analysis of a Space Module After Water Landing

Dynamic pitch response of a water landing space module (WLSM) during a postsplashdown situation was investigated. Analysis of test results using a one-fifth scale model are reported. Tests were performed for various center of gravity (c.g.) locations with and without use of flotation/stabilization aids. These aids were in the form of attitude spheres attached to the model just below the water line. Data and information obtained from testing established trends for different model configurations. Pitch oscillation increases resulted as the c.g. was offset horizontally. Less significant pitch oscillation increases were observed with an increasing vertical c.g. offset. The application of attitude spheres reduced the pitch oscillations for all c.g. configurations investigated. Measuring the pitch motion of the WLSM in different configurations identifies design parameters useful in smoothing the ride for the sick or injured crewmember in the postsplashdown environment. The results obtained are suggested design considerations for a full-scale WLSM.
Ring-cleaving cyanuric acid amidohydrolase activity in the atrazine-mineralizing Ralstonia basilensis M91-3

The purpose of this study was to characterize the cyanuric acid amidohydrolase reaction in Ralstonia basilensis M91-3, an atrazine-mineralizing soil bacterium. This ring fission reaction is the last aromatic step in the degradative pathway of atrazine and other s-triazines. The products and molar stoichiometry of the cyanuric acid amidohydrolase reaction were one mol biuret (H2N·CO·NH·CO·NH2) and one mol CO2 per mol cyanuric acid hydrolyzed, as confirmed by 13C-NMR and gas chromatography. The optimum pH and temperature, substrate specificity, and kinetic parameters were also characterized for the purified enzyme. The native enzyme had two forms of different sizes, 204 kDa and 160 kDa. Each was a tetramer or pentamer of 44 kDa and 33 kDa, respectively.
A new die profile with high process efficiency

A new technique is used to design die profiles which yield high process efficiency during axi-symmetric extrusion and wire drawing. These profiles have a convex shape.
Diminished Medium-Range Order Observed in Annealed Amorphous Germanium

We use variable coherence transmission electron microscopy to examine medium-range ordering in vacuum-deposited amorphous germanium. The method accesses higher-order atomic correlations through statistical analysis of hollow-cone dark-field image speckle. This yields greater sensitivity to medium-range order than the familiar pair correlation function obtained from diffraction. We find that thermal annealing of amorphous germanium reduces the degree of medium-range order, affirming the thermodynamic stability of the random network.
Adrenergic Nerve Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Buffering Declines with Age

Calcium buffering capacity declines with age in sympathetic nerves of rat tail artery. To test whether smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) calcium buffering declines with age, effects of two SER calcium-ATPase inhibitors on norepinephrine release and intracellular calcium were determined. Thapsigargin or cyclopiazonic acid caused a significant increase in stimulation-evoked norepinephrine release from 6 month tail arteries with much less effect in 20 months. In isolated superior cervical ganglion cells, the rate of rise of calcium with K+-depolarization increased only in young cells with either cyclopiazonic acid or thapsigargin, with no effect in the old. In young cells, cyclopiazonic acid significantly influenced time to peak, rate of decline, and time to basal of K+-evoked calcium transients, but had no effect in old cells. Thapsigargin caused a significant increase in rate of decline in young, but not old, cells. These differential effects suggest an age-related decline in function of SER calcium buffering mechanisms in the sympathetic nervous system causing older nerves to become more reliant on mitochondria to buffer calcium.
Deep Infiltration of Emissive Polymers into Mesoporous Silicon Microcavities: Nanoscale Confinement and Advanced Vapor Sensing

We present the study of a nanohybrid composite with superior sensing performance consisting of an emissive sensory polymer infiltrated into a mesoporous Si one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal with a microcavity (MC). It was found that the critical condition for deep polymer infiltration is the presence of an initial low porosity layer (porosity of 45%) in contrast to shallow infiltration governed by an initial high porosity layer (porosity of 58%). This results in a narrow fluorescence peak (due to deep infiltration) or a spectral “hole” in the fluorescence band (shallow infiltration). Such a unique effect is in agreement with the model based on capillary filling and confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) data analyzing the profile of polymer infiltration along the MC depth. In the case of deep infiltration, the characteristic filling length exceeds 2 μm, allowing the polymer to impregnate the MC layer. The infiltrated polymer is spatially confined and exists as quasi- isolated chains witho...
Actinidiaceae endémicas del Perú

La familia Actinidiaceae es reconocida en el Peru con un genero, Saurauia, y 11 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993), mayormente arbustos. En este trabajo reconocemos tres especies endemicas. Estos taxones endemicos ocupan los bosques de la region Bosques Muy Humedos Montanos, entre los 1800 y 3000 m de altitud. Solamente una especie esta representada en un area protegida.
Yukichi Fukuzawa: A promulgator of western rhetoric in Japan

The most influential thinker in Meiji Japan was Yukichi Fukuzawa (1834–1905). Among his enduring contributions is one of particular relevance to students of speech communication: his strenuous efforts to introduce western rhetoric into Japan. This case study in cross‐cultural rhetoric attempts to shed some light on the achievements and frustrations that Fukuzawa experienced in his pioneering endeavors to promulgate western speech in Japan.
Critical processing factors in desolventizing‐toasting soybean meal for feed

Even though it is well established that both underheated and overheated meals are of inferior nutritive value, comparatively little is known of the fundamental nature of the changes brought about in the protein and how these correlate with the processing conditions during toasting. In the present study we examined the interrelation of several factors in the commercial desolventizing-toasting process for toasting soybean meal and determined how these relate to protein quality of the meal. A total of 48 test runs were made in the pilot plant from two cultivars of soybeans (one high and one low in protein) that were dehulled, flaked, and defatted in a continuous extractor using hexane. The solvent-wet flakes were desolventized and toasted under a variety of conditions. In a simulation of commercial operation, independent variables such as moisture, temperature and time of toasting were mathematically converted to equations for computer fitting of the data, which were used to predict several dependent measurements. Quality of the meal was improved by increasing heating time, jacket steam pressure and moisture content. Moisture level in the toasting operation was directly affected by the hexane level in the feed material to the toaster.
Modeling and simulation techniques in extreme nonlinear optics of gaseous and condensed media

Computer simulation techniques for extreme nonlinear optics are reviewed with emphasis on the high light-intensity regimes in which both bound and freed electronic states contribute to the medium response and thus affect the optical pulse dynamics. The first part concentrates on the optical pulse propagation modeling, and provides a classification of various approaches to optical-field evolution equations. Light–matter interaction models are reviewed in the second part, which concentrates on methods that can be integrated with time- and space-resolved simulations encompassing realistic experimental scenarios.
Quality and appropriateness of surgical care

Revue de ce qui n'est pas approprie dans le demantie de la chirurgie buccale et maxillofaciale
Glucagon influences the expression of thyroid hormone action: discrepancy between nuclear triiodothyronine receptor number and enzyme responses.

Studies were undertaken to evaluate the influence of elevated plasma glucagon on the maximal nuclear T3- binding capacity (MBC) and the expression of thyroid hormone action. Infusion of 1 μg glucagon/100 g BW-h for 16–65 h led to plasma glucagon levels of 990 ± 110 pg/ml from baseline levels of 248 ± 32 pg/ml. This degree of increase in plasma glucagon has been reported to occur in hepatectomized and starved animals. The maximal nuclear binding capacity was decreased by approximately 30% within 17–65 h after the start of the glucagon infusion. Administration of 0.5 mg T3/100 g BW 41 h after the start of the glucagon infusion led to a normal rise in a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase over the subsequent 24 h. The response of malic enzyme, however, was completely inhibited. Infusion of 5 μg glucagon/100 g BW-h resulted in a fall in the MBC to 46% of control values 17 h after the start of the infusion. Despite continuation of the infusio, the MBC returned to near normal values at 41 h (MBC, 86% of control) and...
Prevalence of Respiratory Diseases Among Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom: Results From the National Health Study for a New Generation of U.S. Veterans

This study investigated the population prevalence of asthma, bronchitis, and sinusitis among veterans deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq compared to nondeployed veterans. A 2009-2011 population-based health survey of 60,000 veterans (34% response rate) asked about the history of doctor-diagnosed respiratory disease. Analyses included smoking history, deployment status, and year of diagnosis. The prevalence of asthma, bronchitis, and sinusitis among those diagnosed during or after 2001 was 3.3%, 5.9%, and 6.9%, respectively, among the deployed veterans and 3.4%, 5.3%, and 5.6%, respectively, among the nondeployed veterans. Deployed veterans were 29% more likely to have been diagnosed with sinusitis during and after 2001 compared to nondeployed veterans (adjusted odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.13, 1.49). Deployed veterans are at increased risk for sinusitis compared to nondeployed. There was no significant difference in asthma or bronchitis risk between deployed and nondeployed veterans.
Analytical solutions to steady state unsaturated flow in layered, randomly heterogeneous soils via Kirchhoff transformation

Abstract In this study, we derive analytical solutions of the first two moments (mean and variance) of pressure head for one-dimensional steady state unsaturated flow in a randomly heterogeneous layered soil column under random boundary conditions. We first linearize the steady state unsaturated flow equations by Kirchhoff transformation and solve the moments of the transformed variable up to second order in terms of σY and σβ, the standard deviations of log hydraulic conductivity Y=ln(Ks) and of the log pore size distribution parameter β=ln(α). In addition, we also give solutions for the mean and variance of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. The analytical solutions of moment equations are validated via Monte Carlo simulations.
Why Do Private Companies Demand Auditing

The objective of this paper is to explain the motivation for owners of private companies to voluntarily demand audit (positive) assurance. It is hypothesized that the owner/manager seeks audits as compensatory control systems for the organizational loss of control inherent in hierarchical organizations. Thus, the expected value of wealth at risk due to loss of control sets a lower limit on the amount owners would be willing to pay for audits to compensate for that loss. The hypothesized relationship was tested using information for 103 private companies demanding audit (positive) assurance. The obtained relationships were basically unaltered by the introduction of lenders' requirement of audits (n = 40). Furthermore, the hypothesized compensatory aspect of audit assurance was absent for the demand for negative assurance (reviews) in a sample of 31 companies. This is consistent with the fact that negative assurance is not viewed as a way of providing confidence so as to compensate owners for loss of direct supervision and control.
A quasi-optical oscillator/modulator for wireless transmission

A quasi-optical active antenna circuit with class-C amplifier characteristics can be modulated for broadband communication applications. Results from a 10 GHz planar quasi-optical oscillator/modulator circuit with a 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 1.4 GHz (/spl plusmn/700 MHz) are presented. The oscillator/modulator is linear up to a modulation index of 100%. >
Influence of gate dielectrics on electrical properties of F8T2 polyfluorene thin film transistors

The electrical properties of polymeric thin film transisitors (P-TFTs) based on poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bithiophene) alternating copolymer (F8T2) have been studied. Device performance was compared for amorphous silicon nitride deposited by LPCVD and PECVD techniques, aluminum oxide deposited by sputtering, titanium oxide deposited by sputtering, and thermal silicon oxide gate dielectrics. A heavily n-type doped crystalline silicon wafer coated with the desired gate dielectric was used. Photolithographic patterning of source/drain electrodes directly on top of the F8T2 layer is also discussed. The main conclusion from this work is that traps within the F8T2 define the conduction process within the device.
Gesture in the developing brain

Speakers convey meaning not only through words, but also through gestures. Although children are exposed to co-speech gestures from birth, we do not know how the developing brain comes to connect meaning conveyed in gesture with speech. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to address this question and scanned 8- to 11-year-old children and adults listening to stories accompanied by hand movements, either meaningful co-speech gestures or meaningless self-adaptors. When listening to stories accompanied by both types of hand movement, both children and adults recruited inferior frontal, inferior parietal, and posterior temporal brain regions known to be involved in processing language not accompanied by hand movements. There were, however, age-related differences in activity in posterior superior temporal sulcus (STSp), inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis (IFGTr), and posterior middle temporal gyrus (MTGp) regions previously implicated in processing gesture. Both children and adults showed sensitivity to the meaning of hand movements in IFGTr and MTGp, but in different ways. Finally, we found that hand movement meaning modulates interactions between STSp and other posterior temporal and inferior parietal regions for adults, but not for children. These results shed light on the developing neural substrate for understanding meaning contributed by co-speech gesture.
Diversifying Kinesiology: Untapped Potential of Historically Black Colleges and Universities

Increasing the involvement of African Americans in the field of kinesiology has been an ever present issue. While many colleges and universities are making attempts to diversify their undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty, many are finding this a difficult task due to the lack of minority undergraduate kinesiology majors pursuing advanced degrees. There is a body of evidence that suggests that kinesiology programs should find ways to recruit African American students to undergraduate and graduate programs as a basis for diversifying the field. The three related problems discussed in this article are: (a) how to attract quality African American physical education teacher education students to the field of kinesiology; (b) how to identify African American students with the potential to thrive in graduate level coursework; and (c) how to recruit exceptional African American students to participate in professional organizations, such as the National Association for Kinesiology in Higher Educa...
Kidney-related Diseases and Quality Improvement: AHRQ's Role

Providing consistently high-quality care to people with chronic disease is one of the most serious challenges facing the U.S. healthcare system. Our system was not organized to provide care around patients' needs, so the net product for people with chronic illnesses too often is less than the sum of
A naturally occurring brominated furanone covalently modifies and inactivates LuxS

Halogenated furanones, a group of natural products initially isolated from marine red algae, are known to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, swarming, and quorum sensing. However, their molecular targets and the precise mode of action remain elusive. Herein, we show that a naturally occurring brominated furanone covalently modifies and inactivates LuxS (S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase, EC 4.4.1.21), the enzyme which produces autoinducer-2 (AI-2).
The relationship between employees' perceptions of safety and organizational culture.

Abstract Problem : With limited resources to help reduce occupational injuries, companies struggle with how to best focus these resources to achieve the greatest reduction in injuries for the optimal cost. Safety culture has been identified as a critical factor that sets the tone for importance of safety within an organization. Method : An employee safety perception survey was conducted, and injury data were collected over a 45-month period from a large ready-mix concrete producer located in the southwest region of the United States. Results : The results of this preliminary study suggest that the reductions in injuries experienced at the company locations was strongly impacted by the positive employee perceptions on several key factors. Management's commitment to safety was the factor with the greatest positive perception by employees taking the survey. Discussion : This study was set up as a pilot project and did not unitize an experimental design. That weakness reduces the strength of these findings but adds to the importance of expanding the pilot project with an appropriate experimental design. Summary : Management leadership has been identified, along with several other factors, to influence employee perceptions of the safety management system. Those perceptions, in turn, appear to influence employee decisions that relate to at-risk behaviors and decisions on the job. Impact on Industry : The results suggest that employee perceptions of the safety system are related to management's commitment to safety, which, in turn, appear to be related to injury rates. Management should focus on how to best leverage these key factors to more positively impact injury rates within their companies.
A description of the frustular morphology of Frustulia creuzburgensis (Krasske) Hustedt, with comments on its systematic position

Frustulia creuzburgensis was originally assigned to the genus Navicula and later transferred to Frustulia due to its unilaterally deflected external proximal raphe ends resembling those of F. weinholdii. Unlike most members of the genus, F. creuzburgensis is found in saline waters, and has been reported from Europe, North America, South Africa and Hawaii. Light and scanning electron microscopy of F. creuzburgensis from coastal streams in California indicate the presence of a ‘porte-crayon’ arrangement around the external distal raphe ends, a feature used to diagnose Frustulia. However, there is also a lack of ribs bordering the raphe system, which is inconsistent with other members of Frustulia. A notch in the girdle bands at about mid-valve, accompanied by girdle band protuberances, is described for the first time in this species. Populations of this taxon produce both cis and trans frustules in a 1:2.5 proportion, respectively. Enlarged external areolae openings near the external proximal raphe ends are...
Pemphigus foliaceus–like, immunologically negative dermatosis in a patient with T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A 56-year-old black man developed a pemphigus foliaceus–like bullous eruption as the initial presentation of chronic T cell lymphocytic leukemia. Histologic examination disclosed superficial acantholysis consistent with pemphigus foliaceus and an infiltrate of atypical lymphoid cells in the papillary dermis. Repeated direct and indirect immunofluorescence studies yielded negative results. Acantholysis could be reproduced in vitro by incubation of normal human skin with the patient's serum and plasma but not with blister fluid. In the following months, the course of the bullous eruption paralleled that of the leukemia.
Rise of the nanomachine: the evolution of a revolution in medicine.

Although the current array of nanomachines mostly comprises simple devices (at least from a mechanical viewpoint), the underlying physical and chemical interactions that play key roles in the ‘assembly’ of these machines have required decades of research to ascertain a fundamental understanding of how such processes can be manipulated at the nanoscale. In this review, we wish to convey a realistic picture of the current developments in the design and implementation of nanomachines, with an emphasis on how these developments are leading to practical applications in medicine, including a sense of how such simple devices are rapidly becoming the building blocks for assembling the nanorobots of tomorrow.
Dielectric resonator used as a probe for high T/sub c/ superconductor measurements

A novel probe for high-T/sub c/ superconductor measurements based on the post dielectric resonator is described. Advantages of the device and the method of measurements include high sensitivity, simplicity, ability to measure small superconductor samples, and nondestructive measurements of selected areas of larger samples including thin-film superconductors. The technique and selected results are presented. >
Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Internal Combustion Engine Deposits

The problem of Octane Requirement Increase, or ORI, has emerged as an important consideration in optimizing the use of internal combustion engines for automotive transportation. Studies in our laboratories and elsewhere have linked the increased octane requirement of an engine after ~10,000 miles of operation (see Figure 1a) to the formation of carbonaceous deposits in the engine cylinders. The presence of the deposits causes knock — i.e. preignition of the gasoline in the end gas region of the engine cylinder prior to the arrival of the combustion flame front.1 While a totally quantitative description of the “knock” process is still not available, it is believed that poor heat transfer across this carbonaceous layer is primarily responsible for the preignition. This problem has broad implications on engine operation and fuel quality. To reduce knocking, a higher quality, more expensive fuel must be used, the engine’s compression ratio must be reduced, or the engine’s spark must be retarded. The latter two options reduce the engine’s efficiency and therefore carry an associated cost.
The Relation between Multiple Births and Maternal Risk of Breast Cancer

Data from two case-control studies conducted in New York State during 1982-1986 were used to examine the relation between multiple births and the maternal risk of breast cancer. The cases were 2,561 women between 20 and 79 years of age with a diagnosis of primary breast cancer. Controls (n = 2,616) were selected from driver's license files and matched to cases by year of birth and county of residence. The odds ratio for any multiple birth was 0.94 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-1.56) in women less than 55 years of age and 0.95 (95% CI 0.62-1.46) in women aged 55-79 years. A previous study had shown a multiple last birth to be protective against breast cancer in women less than 55 years of age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.60, 95% CI 0.43-0.85). A decreased risk of breast cancer was also observed for this age group in the present study, but the magnitude of the effect was not as strong and the confidence interval included unity (OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.43-1.68). A logistic model that controlled for age at first pregnancy, number of live births, age, and county of residence increased the odds ratio to 0.97 for a multiple last birth. The current study does not support an association between multiple births and maternal risk of breast cancer.
Perceptions of a Primary Nursing Care Model in a Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit:

The primary nursing care model optimizes relationship-based care. Despite using a primary nursing model on a pediatric hematology/oncology inpatient unit, it was hypothesized patients and nurses were dissatisfied with the structure of primary care teams and inconsistency of primary assignments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient/family and nurse perceptions of our current care model through assessing gaps in its operationalization and satisfaction. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design featuring patient/family and nurse surveys. Of the 59 patient/family respondents, 93.2% prefer to have a primary nurse care for them and 85% are satisfied with how often they are assigned a primary care team member. Similarly, 63% of the 57 nurse respondents are satisfied with the current implementation of our primary nursing model and 61% state the model reflects good continuity of care. Yet 80.7% of nurses believe safety would improve for a patient whose nurse works shifts consecutively even if not a primary nurse. Overall, patients, families, and nurses value care continuity and meaningful nurse-patient relationships, which is fundamental to primary nursing.
Conjointly well localized modulated lapped orthogonal transforms

This paper proposes the particle swarm optimization method to determine conjointly time-frequency well localized filters that constitute a multi-channel perfect reconstruction filterbank. The time- frequency measure to determine optimality is the product of a filter's time and frequency variances. The optimization process involving multiple free parameters is computationally expensive. Optimization methods require long computation time that increases exponentially with the number of free parameters to achieve good results. The particle swarm optimization provides an effective and efficient method to determine optimality. We propose the use of the particle swarm optimization method to determine optimal complex modulated lapped transform filters.
Korean word frequency and commonality study for augmentative and alternative communication.

Background Vocabulary frequency results have been reported to design and support augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions. A few studies exist for adult speakers and for other natural languages. With the increasing demand on AAC treatment for Korean adults, identification of high-frequency or core vocabulary (CV) becomes essential. Aims The overall objective was to identify the frequency and commonality of spoken Korean words that occurred in spontaneous conversations for the development of AAC interventions. The specific aims were: (1) to generate a Korean CV list based on the conversations of Korean adults; (2) to address the characteristics of the identified words; and (3) to determine whether a quantitative data analysis procedure, based on a grouped frequency distribution, would support identifying high- and low-frequency words. Methods & Procedures Language samples were collected from 12 native Korean-speaking adults during conversation. CV words were identified based on a grouped frequency distribution analysis and a word commonality analysis. Outcomes & Results Results established a Korean CV list of 219 words with high frequency and commonality accounting for 60.82% of the total sample. Analysis of word types showed a wide range of particles and verb endings in the CV list. Finally, a distinct distribution pattern was identified from a frequency of 0.2‰ to support high-frequency word selection. Conclusions & Implications The CV list and consideration of the linguistic characteristics of Korean are expected to be used to develop Korean AAC interventions. The grouped frequency distribution revealed a robust method to distinguish high-frequency words and to improve AAC vocabulary selection and organization.
Data Base of Glaze Test Pieces

A lot of test pieces are usually produced in glaze studies. Data base is useful for an efficient utilization of them. Construction of two data base systems was attempted for several hundred thousand glaze test pieces accumulated during many years of ceramic studies at the National Industrial Research Institute of Nagoya. One system was for filing of glaze test pieces data as a library catalogue, while the other was opened to the public on Internet WWW. The data items of the systems were reference number, glaze name, firing temperature, firing type, color, surface conditions, Seger formula, coloring element, picture of test pieces, and so on. Construction of data items, evaluation method of color, classification of glaze, and treatment of pictures were discussed in both the systems.
Analytic energy gradient in combined second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory and polarizable force field calculation.

Second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) is used to describe electronic correlation on the basis of Hartree–Fock (HF) variational calculations that incorporate induced dipole polarizable force fields (i.e., QM/MMpol style HF and MP2). The Z-vector equations for regular closed shell and open shell MP2 methods (RMP2, ZAPT2, and UMP2) are extended to include induced dipole contributions to determine the MP2 response density so that nuclear gradient and other properties can be efficiently evaluated. A better estimation of the induced dipole polarization energy can be obtained using the MP2 relaxed density. QM/MMpol style MP2 molecular dynamics simulations are performed for the ground state and first triplet state of acetone solvated by 1024 polarizable water molecules. A switching function is used to ensure energy conservation in QM/MM simulation under periodic boundary condition.
Polyimide-mica composite materials for extreme condition applications

Electrical insulation requirements have been raised considerably over the past few years as applications have been developed that feature extreme conditions which could not be handled by older insulation systems. Typical of the more stringent requirements is the area of high temperature applications which become more numerous each year because of performance, physical space, and other factors.
Role of GRP78 in alteration of myocardium induced by intestinal endotoxemia in cirrhotic rats

AIM: To explore the role of glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78) in the alteration of myocardium induced by intestinal endotoxemia in cirrhotic rats. METHODS: Fifty-one male Wistar rats were randomly divided into liver cirrhosis groups of 4-week,6-week and 8-week,and normal control groups at corresponding time points.The cardiac functions of the 8-week rats were measured.Tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in myocardial tissues were detected.The number of myocardial cells and the collagen volume fraction(CVF) were determined with toluidine blue and van Giesan staining,respectively.The expression of GRP78 and hypoxia-inducible facotr 1α(HIF-1α) was analyzed by the method of immnunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group at corresponding time point,left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP) and ±LV dp/dtmax in 8-week group were significantly decreased(P0.05).The levels of TNF-α,MDA and CVF,the protein expression of GRP78 and HIF-1α in the myocardial tissues were significantly increased in every model group(P0.05),and the number of myocardial cells was gradually decreased(P0.05).Elevated levels of endotoxin in plasma were positively correlated with the levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),homocysteine(Hcy) and TNF-α in plasma,the levels of TNF-α,MDA and CVF,and protein levels of GRP78 and HIF-1α in the myocardial tissues(P0.05).Elevated protein expression of GRP78 in the myocardial tissues was positively correlated with the levels of ALT,Hcy in plasma and MDA,CVF,HIF-1α protein in the myocardial tissues(P0.05). CONCLUSION: Intestinal endotoxemia induced by liver cirrhosis may directly or indirectly lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress and overexpression of GRP78.GRP78 may be a key molecule in the pathogenesis of myocardial remodeling and functional alteration induced by liver cirrhosis.
Noise monitoring results of some factories in Jieyang City from 2008-2010

[Objective]To understand the hazardous effect of noise on the health of the workers in enterprises of Jieyang urban area,and provide the scientific basic for adopting better noise prevention and control measures by the occupational health supervision and regulation department in the future.[Methods]With the stratified sampling method,a total of 25 enterprises were chosen from different categories(hardware,shoemaking,chemical industry,electric power,mine,textile and so on).The obtained data from 2008-2010 were analyzed statistically.[Results] ]The noise intensity was qualified in 85.0%-88.5% of noise monitoring points in 25 enterprises.The proportion of employees to take personal protection increased annually.The proportion of workers suffering from hearing loss did not change significantly.[Conclusion]The noise intensity extracted from the noise monitoring points in 25 enterprises from the year 2008 to 2010 was generally high.Achievements was gained in the noise prevention and control in production enterprises of Jieyang urban area.However,there are still some problems.The noise working environment still needs improvement and the situation of the workers' hearing loss is still severe..So it is urgent and important to continue to strengthen the supervision and education as well as establishment of occupational health surveillance system
Quantitative and Comprehensive Analysis of TP304H Steel Pipe Precipitated Phase Feature

This paper grade the damage of TP304H steel by test,and study the metallurgical structure.intergranular feature.carbide precipitated phase feature.mechanical property of every grade.
Chapter 34 The cholinergic system in Alzheimer disease

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the cholinergic system in Alzheimer disease (AD). Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the synthetic enzyme for acetylcholine (ACh), is consistently reduced by 50%–95% in cortex and hippocampus of AD patients compared to age-matched controls. Reductions are also observed in high-affinity choline uptake (HACU), in in vitro synthesis of ACh and release during depolarization, in presynaptic muscarinic and nicotinic receptor binding, in ACh and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in cortex and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The reduction of these presynaptic cholinergic markers is associated with a marked loss of cells in the nucleus basalis of Meynert, which project to cortex. The postsynaptic muscarinic receptor mechanisms appear to be relatively spared in AD patients. The reductions of cortical and CSF cholinergic markers are closely correlated with the extent of neuropathology and with the severity of cognitive impairment. The chapter also discusses the changes in ACh and Ch metabolism in aging animals and in the CSF of AD patients, which may be related to neuronal membrane breakdown and reduced uptake of Ch by cholinergic neurons.
THE SECOND-ORDER PREDICATE LOGIC. THEORY OF DEFINITION

This chapter discusses the second-order predicate logic. The distinctive feature of the second-order predicate logic or the functional calculus of second order is that there are not only individual variables but also predicate variables, with both individual and predicate variables being quantifiable, within that logic. Because of the presence of quantified predicate variables, the second-order predicate logic has, in a certain sense, more expressive power than the first-order predicate logic. Within the limits of the first-order logic, there is no way to say that for every two properties of integers, there is a property of integers that applies just to those integers to which the first of these two properties, but not the second, applies. Second-order theories contain only finitely many axioms of a specifically mathematical nature, while the corresponding first-order theories require an infinite number of such axioms. Second-order theories possess the very important property of being categorical, in the sense that all of their principal models are alike in structure; the corresponding first-order theories are not categorical.
Finance and Administration

One of the recurring themes of this study is that a decision to adopt a human development strategy does not imply an unusually large state or an unusually heavy burden of taxation. Human development is more concerned about spending priorities than about the total volume of expenditure. How the state spends its money is more important than how much money the state spends. Given that the total resources available to the government in most developing countries is a fifth to a quarter of total income, it should be possible to finance the state’s contribution to human development by reallocating expenditure within existing revenue ceilings, without the necessity to raise additional revenues through taxation.
Monetary Policy in Models with Capital

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses monetary policy in models with capital. The introduction of optimizing government initially seemed to offer the possibility of similar scientific benefits. The nature of monetary policy with or without commitment, including the possibility of commitment arising endogenously, basically two types of models has been used in the literature. For the evaluation of policies, including both the optimal and the time-consistent ones, it is necessary to be able to determine the competitive equilibrium, given a policy rule that generally is a function of the aggregate state of the economy. Kehoe (1987) showed in a public-finance model with utility-maximizing consumers and benevolent governments that, without commitment versus private agents, the cooperative solution may be inferior for reasons similar to those explaining why the time-consistent solution can be very suboptimal within a given country. In contrast with this type of model of monetary policy-making, models of fiscal policy have been much more explicit in their specification of what decisions people make and what problems they solve. Incentives for capital accumulation are at the heart of time inconsistency. In particular, while most people may accept that view in the context of fiscal policy, it is less common in discussions of monetary policy.
Education, identity, and community: lessons from Jewish emancipation

Why do some minority communities take up opportunities for education while others reject them? To shed light on this, we study the impact of Jewish Emancipation in nineteenth century Europe on patterns of education. In Germany, non-religious and Reform Jews dramatically increased their rates of education. In the less developed parts of Eastern Europe, Orthodox and ultra-Orthodox communities imposed unprecedented restrictions on secular education and isolated themselves from society. Explaining this bifurcation requires a model of education that is different from the standard human capital approach. In our model, education not only confers economic benefits but also transmits values that undermine the cultural identity of minority groups. We show that it is individually rational for agents who benefit least from rising returns to education to respond by reducing their investment in education. Group-level sanctions for high levels of education piggyback upon this effect and amplify it.
Medial rectus pulley posterior fixation for esotropia with a high AC/A ratio.

Many different surgical approaches have been advocated for the treatment of esotropia with a high ratio of accommodative convergence to accommodation, most involving increasing the magnitude of medial rectus recessions over than the amount recommended for the distance esotropia to either partially or fully correct the larger near esotropia. Maximal medial rectus recessions are relatively successful in correcting the excess near esotropia without overcorrecting the distance esotropia, but the expected loss of excess convergence over time raises the possibility of late overcorrections. Posterior fixation sutures have been shown to reduce the excess near esotropia without utilizing very large medial rectus recessions. The pulley posterior fixation technique takes advantage of an improved understanding of the biomechanics underlying the surgical effects of posterior fixation sutures. Because posterior fixation creates its effect through the creation of a collision between the suture and muscle pulley, not through the loss of the arc of contact between muscle belly and globe, the suture can be placed through the pulley tissue itself instead of the posterior sclera. This technique has been shown to be very effective in reducing the excess near esotropia without overcorrecting the distance esotropia.
Miseducation: A history of ignorance-making in America and abroad, edited by A.J. Angulo

A. J. Angulo’s goal is fairly straightforward: assemble a coterie of distinguished scholars to describe the construction of ignorance. In three sections comprising a total of 14 chapters, Angulo’s ...
Synthesis of 11-cis-Retinol and Its Incorporation with FeO Nano Particle

The light sensitivity of 11-cis-retinoid makes it an ideal chromophore. Since retinoids are not synthesized in human, eyes have evolved a unique recycling mechanism for generating 11-cis-retinal at retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). The goals of my research are to synthesize 11-cis-retinol, attach it to phosphoric acid derivatives, and bind this complex to FeO Nanoparticles directly in order to deliver 11-cis-retinol as a therapeutic for eye diseases like macular degeneration and Leber's Congenital Amaurosis (LCA).
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Readmissions and Other Measures of Hospital Quality

Rationale: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services recently implemented financial penalties to reduce hospital readmissions for select conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite growing pressure to reduce COPD readmissions, it is unclear how COPD readmission rates are related to other measures of quality, which could inform efforts on common organizational factors that affect high-quality care.Objectives: To examine the association between COPD readmissions and other quality measures.Methods: We analyzed data from the 2015 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services annual files, downloaded from the Hospital Compare website. We included 3,705 hospitals nationwide that had publically reported data on COPD readmissions. We compared COPD readmission rates to other risk-adjusted measures of quality, including readmission and mortality rates for other conditions, and patient reports about care experiences.Measurements and Main Results: There were modest correlations betwe...
3C-SiC microdisk mechanical resonators with multimode resonances at radio frequencies

We report on the design, modeling, fabrication and measurement of single-crystal 3C-silicon carbide (SiC) microdisk mechanical resonators with multimode resonances operating at radio frequencies (RF). These microdisk resonators (center-clamped on a vertical stem pedestal) offer multiple flexural-mode resonances with frequencies dependent on both disk and anchor dimensions. The resonators are made using a novel fabrication method comprised of focused ion beam nanomachining and hydroflouic : nitric : acetic (HNA) acid etching. Resonance peaks (in the frequency spectrum) are detected through laser-interferometry measurements. Resonators with different dimensions are tested, and multimode resonances, mode splitting, energy dissipation (in the form of quality factor measurement) are investigated. Further, we demonstrate a feedback oscillator based on a passive 3C-SiC resonator. This investigation provides important guidelines for microdisk resonator development, ranging from an analytical prediction of frequency scaling law to fabrication, suggesting RF microdisk resonators can be good candidates for future sensing applications in harsh environments.
Soft SUSY Breaking Mechanisms

The MSSM was introduced in the previous chapter. Of course, supersymmetry must be spontaneously broken to agree with data. In this chapter we discuss the all important point of supersymmetry breaking mechanisms. More about this subject is also presented in later chapters.
Current and future trend of energy/bit for high speed uncool optical links (50 Gb/s and 75°C)

VCSEL bandwidth is limited by slow e-h recombination lifetime nanosecond to ∼ 30 GHz (60Gb/s). The transistor laser (TL) has picosecond radiative recombination lifetime; thus, it will have modulation bandwidth higher than VCSELs toward 150 GHz to achieve 300 Gb/s error free transmission and low power operation of energy/bit toward 10 fJ/bit.
End of semester software problem solving and design projects in a first-year engineering course

Introductory program courses often have a final project. The development of a game using programming languages learned is possible choice for this project. A large Midwestern public university has been assigning a programming project at the end of it's first semester, first-year engineering course. Previous projects have included an IR detection program and programming a train scenario. Recently, faculty have been piloting a game software design project in these courses. Student survey results have demonstrated that students prefer the game project to the other projects for many reasons including they are more enjoyable and they help develop necessary engineering skills. The results from this pilot have lead to many questions that will be explored in future studies.
Online condition monitoring based dead-time compensation for high frequency SiC voltage source inverter

Dead-time, device output capacitance, and other non-ideal characteristics cause voltage error for the midpoint PWM voltage of the semiconductor phase-leg employed in a voltage-source inverter (VSI). Voltage-second balancing is a well-known concept to mitigate this distortion and improve converter power quality. This paper proposes a unique voltage-second balancing scheme for a SiC based voltage source inverter using online condition monitoring of turn-off delay time and drain-source voltage rise/fall time. This data is sent to the micro-controller to be used in an algorithm to actively adjust the duty cycle of the input PWM gate signals to match the voltage-second of the non-ideal output voltage with an ideal output voltage-second. The monitoring system also allows for this implementation to eliminate the need for precise current sensing and allows for the implementation to be load independent. Dynamic current sensing is still a developing technology, and each load has a unique effect on the output voltage distortion. Test results for a 1 kW half-bridge inverter implementing this monitoring system and voltage-second balancing scheme show a 70% enhancement on the error against the ideal fundamental current value of the output current and a 2% THD improvement on the output current low frequency harmonics.
Strategies and Interlanguage Pragmatics: Explicit and Comprehensive.

Explicit instruction in strategies for interlanguage pragmatic learning is fundamental to the development of a comprehensive set of pragmatic abilities in the target language. In this article, we begin by providing an overview of previous work in the area of language learner strategies directed at the teaching and learning of pragmatics. We then offer an extension of Cohen’s (2005, 2014) framework of strategies for learning, using, and evaluating the use of interlanguage pragmatics in four domains: knowledge, analysis, subjectivity, and awareness (Sykes, Malone, Forrest, & Sadgic, forthcoming). Examples from current projects are provided to exemplify the critical importance of a strategies-based approach to the teaching and learning of interlanguage pragmatics. The article concludes with ideas for future research and implementation.