cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
VOLVULUS OF THE KOCK POUCH WITH OBSTRUCTION AND PERFORATION: A CASE REPORT

A case of volvulus of a continent ileostomy reservoir with secondary obstruction and perforation of the efferent limb is presented. This unusual complication may be avoided by securely anchoring the pouch to the undersurface of the abdominal wall and closing the para-ileal gutter.
Primer Extension Enrichment Reaction (PEER): a new subtraction method for identification of genetic differences between biological specimens

We developed a conceptually new subtraction strategy for the detection and isolation of target DNA and/or RNA from complex nucleic acid mixtures, called Primer Extension Enrichment Reaction (PEER). PEER uses adapters and class IIS restriction enzymes to generate tagged oligonucleotides from dsDNA fragments derived from specimens containing an unknown target (‘tester’). Subtraction is achieved by selectively disabling these oligonucleotides by extension reaction using ddNTPs and a double stranded DNA template generated from a pool of normal specimens (‘driver’). Primers that do not acquire ddNTP are used to capture and amplify the unique target DNA from the original tester dsDNA. We successfully applied PEER to specimens containing known infectious agents (Hepatitis B Virus and Walrus Calicivirus) and demonstrated that it has higher efficiency than the best comparable technique. The strategy used for PEER is versatile and can be adapted for the identification of known and unknown pathogens and mutations, differential expression studies and other applications that allow the use of subtractive strategies.
Effects of a dynamic stability approach in conservative intervention of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb: A retrospective study

Abstract Study design Retrospective cohort. Introduction Conservative intervention of carpometacarpal joint (CMC) thumb pain, caused by osteoarthritis and ligament laxity, is frequently seen in hand therapy. Traditional intervention for pain and disability reduction includes orthoses, exercises, and joint protection education. The literature on conservative management is unclear which design or program of exercises create an effective result. Results of a conservative dynamic stability interventional model for thumb pain are presented as a design which positively effects pain and disability. Purpose of the study The purposes were to primarily investigate change in pain and disability in persons with CMC pain in a dynamic stability modeled approach to intervention, and secondarily, to assess the average number of visits and the duration of total visits in this model. Methods A retrospective chart review was completed on 35 charts of those seen at a multicenter hand therapy clinic. The pain and disability scores from the QuickDASH were used as outcome measures. Results The average group pain and disability scores improved by 17.9% ( p p Conclusion Significant reduction in pain and disability is noted with a conservative dynamic stability modeled approach to intervention, with information on average visits and duration in this model of care for individuals with thumb pain at the CMC joint. Level of evidence 4.
Incidence of Campylobacter jejuni in Processed Egg Products

Abstract Egg samples were obtained from two commercial egg-processing facilities to determine if Campylobacter jejuni could be isolated from the raw product or from further-processed egg products intended for human consumption. No C. jejuni were detected in any of the egg or egg-product samples or from water samples collected from the overflow of the egg washer. Campylobacter jejuni was recovered from all control samples, which had been inoculated at the plants. These findings suggest that properly processed egg products are an extremely unlikely source of C. jejuni contamination.
Dispelling Some Misconceptions about Agricultural Trade Liberalization

There has been a great deal of public discussion over the impact that agricultural trade liberalization would likely have, especially on low-income countries. Unfortunately, the public discussion has been characterized by a number of misconceptions. This paper provides a clarifying discussion of the issues involved. Among the key points addressed are 1) agricultural "subsidies" are not nearly as large as has been portrayed; 2) tariffs are actually far more distortionary than subsidies and some low-income countries actually benefit from rich country subsides; and 3) widespread tariff reductions will not inflict large damage on developing countries as a result of preference erosion. The case for removing agricultural trade barriers remains compelling, even without the exaggerations and misconceptions.
Photodissociation Spectroscopy: Symmetry and Lifetime of the Excited State

Photodissociation of a molecular beam with polarized light produces an angular distribution of photofragments of the form 1 + β (3/2 cos2 θ − 1/2) where θ is the angle between the electric vector of the light wave and the direction of dissociation. β is a product of a symmetry factor and a lifetime factor. The symmetry factor depends upon the orientation of the transition dipole with respect to the dissociation direction and the lifetime factor becomes small as the lifetime increases. Experiments show that alkyl iodides dissociate directly in a time comparable to a vibration period but that aryl iodides and bromides predissociate via an intermediate state. The lifetime of the intermediate state is of the order of a picosecond for aryl iodides but much longer for aryl bromides.
Ceftaroline: a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin.

Purpose The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and safety of ceftaroline are reviewed. Summary Ceftaroline, a new broad- spectrum antibiotic, is approved for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs) and community- acquired pneumonia (CAP). This β-lactam antibiotic has extended activity against gram-positive organisms and has activity against common gram-negative organisms. The drug’s spectrum of activity includes both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae . However, its activity against extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria is limited. These bacteria, particularly those that express AmpC β-lactamase, greatly reduce the activity of ceftaroline. The prodrug of ceftaroline (ceftaroline fosamil) is rapidly converted to its active form (ceftaroline) in plasma. This dose-linear drug has been found to be pharmacodynamically best correlated with the percentage of time that free drug concentrations remain above the minimum inhibitory concentration. Ceftaroline’s safety profile is similar to that of the other cephalosporins, with minimal adverse drug reactions, most of which are considered mild. Currently available pharmacokinetic, animal, and clinical studies have found that ceftaroline has reasonable efficacy and tolerability but have also revealed that dosing regimen modifications may be needed in patients with moderate-to-severe renal impairment. The recommended dosage of ceftaroline for the treatment of cSSSIs and CAP is 600 mg infused intravenously over 60 minutes every 12 hours. The recommended duration of therapy is 5–14 and 5–7 days for cSSSIs and CAP, respectively. Additional Phase III studies are currently underway. Conclusion Ceftaroline is a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin indicated for the treatment of cSSSIs and CAP caused by susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
Mortality after trauma laparotomy in geriatric patients

abstract Background: Geriatric patients are at higher risk for adverse outcomes after injury becauseof their altered physiological reserve. Mortality after trauma laparotomy remains high;however, outcomes in geriatric patients after trauma laparotomy have not been wellestablished. The aim of our study was to identify factors predicting mortality in geriatrictrauma patients undergoing laparotomy.Methods: A retrospective study was performed of all trauma patients undergoing a lapa-rotomy at our level 1 trauma center over a 6-y period (2006e2012). Patients with age 55 ywho underwent a trauma laparotomy were included. Patients with head abbreviated injuryscale (AIS) score 3 or thorax AIS 3 were excluded. Our primary outcome measure wasmortality. Signiﬁcant factors in univariate regression model were used in multivariateregression analysis to evaluate the factors predicting mortality.Results: A total of 1150 patients underwent a trauma laparotomy. Of which 90 patients metinclusion criteria. The mean age was 67 10 y, 63% were male, and median abdominal AISwas 3 (2e4). Overall mortality rate was 23.3% (21/90) and progressively increased with age(P ¼ 0.013). Age (P ¼ 0.02) and lactate (P ¼ 0.02) were the independent predictors of mortalityin geriatric patients undergoing laparotomy.Conclusions: Mortality rate after trauma laparotomy increases with increasing age. Age andadmission lactate were the predictors of mortality in geriatric population undergoingtrauma laparotomies.a 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Nerve Growth Factor-independent Reduction in Choline Acetyltransferase Activity in PC12 Cells Expressing Mutant Presenilin-1

Mutations in the presenilin genes (PS-1 and PS-2) are linked to early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms by which these mutations cause the cognitive impairment characteristic of AD are unknown. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are involved in learning and memory processes, and reductions in choline acetyl-transferase (ChAT) activity are a characteristic feature of AD brain. We therefore hypothesized that presenilin mutations suppress expression of the cholinergic phenotype. In rat PC12 cells stably transfected with the human PS-1 gene containing the Leu → Val mutation at codon 286 (L286V), we observed a drastic reduction (>90%) in basal ChAT activity compared with cells transfected with vector alone. By immunocytochemistry, a similar decrease in ChAT protein levels was found in the mutant transfectants. In cells differentiated with nerve growth factor, ChAT activity was again markedly lower in L286V-expressing cells than in control cells. We also observed reductions in ChAT activity in PC12 cells expressing the wild-type human PS-1 gene but to a lesser extent than in L286V-expressing cells. The viability of cells transfected with either the wild-type or the mutant PS-1 gene was not compromised. Our results suggest that PS-1 mutations may contribute to the cognitive impairment in AD by causing a nontoxic suppression of the cholinergic phenotype.
Angular momentum analysis of a composite particle scattering problem and its cross channel analog

Abstract We investigate the solutions, by a determinental method, for a partial wave Bethe-Salpeter equation describing composite particle scattering and for its cross channel analog. We compare the behavior at s = −∞ of the leading angular momentum singularity from the Bethe-Salpeter equation with that of the leading Regge singularity of the cross channel equation. We mention the effect of the general properties of the kernel of the Bethe-Salpeter equation on the angular momentum structure of the solution.
Observation of the phosphatidyl ethanolamine amino proton magnetic resonance in phospholipid vesicles: inside/outside ratios and proton transport.

The amino proton resonance of phosphatidyl ethanolamine in sonicated mixed phospholipid vesicles is observed 3.3 ppm downfield from H2O. Above pH ∼ 5 it is broadened beyond detectability as a result of exchange with H2O protons. In low salt, resonances of amino protons inside the vesicles appear to persist as the pH is raised, while those on the outside disappear. Solvent catalized proton conduction along the surface is proposed, with an effective -NH2 to -NH3 transfer rate of about 8 × 105 sec−1 at 25°C.
A Logical Approach to Asymptotic Combinatorics I. First Order Properties

We shall present a general framework for dealing with an extensive set of problems from asymptotic combinatorics; this framework provides methods for determining the probability that a large, finite structure, ran- domly chosen from a given class, will have a given property. Our main concern is the asymptotic probability: the limiting value as the size of the structure increases. For example, a common problem in elementary probability texts is to show that the asymptotic probabity that a per- mutation will have no fixed point is l/e. We shall say nothing about the closely related problem of determining rates of convergence, although the methods presented here may extend to such problems. To develop a general approach we must fix a language for specifying properties of structures. Thus, our approach is logical; logic is the branch of mathematics that deals with problems of language. In this paper we con- sider properties expressible in the language of first order logic and speak of probabilities of first order sentences rather than properties. In the sequel to this paper we consider properties expressible in the more general language of monadic second order logic. Clearly, we must restrict the classes of structures we consider in order for questions about asymptotic probabilities to be meaningful and significant. Therefore, we choose to consider only classes closed under disjoint unions and components (see Sect. 1 for definitions). This condition is general enough to include the classes of graphs, permutations, unary functions, and many other important examples. The main theorems of the paper are about classes satisfying this condition: Theorems 5.7 and 5.8 state that the existence of asymptotic probabilities for a special set of sentences called component-bounded sentences (defined in Sect. 5) is equivalent to a con- dition on the growth of such a class; Theorem 5.9 gives necessary and suf- ficient conditions for every first order sentence to have an asymptotic probability of 0 or 1 in nonfast growing classes. In Section 8 we present a long list of examples from the literature.
Histochemical differentiation of motor neurones and interneurones in the anterior horn of the cat spinal cord.

THE neurones of the anterior horn are a heterogeneous population of physiologically different cells. Alpha and gamma motor neurones, Renshaw cells and interneurones are recognized components1. Alpha motor neurones have been divided further into F and S types according to the fast and slow contractile properties of the muscle fibres that they innervate2. Anatomic investigations, largely by retrograde chromatolysis, have shown that the different neurones are intermingled, and that the larger are mainly alpha motor neurones while the smaller are a heterologous group of gamma motor neurones, Renshaw cells and interneurones3,4. Staining techniques selective for the Golgi body differentiate motor neurones from interneurones by the direction of their axons, but standard histological methods result in uniform staining without significant morphological distinction. We have used histochemical staining reactions to attempt neuronal differentiation in the anterior horn.
Protein composition and synthesis in the adult mouse spinal cord

Properties of spinal cord proteins were studied in adult mice subjected to unilateral crush or electrical stimulation of sciatic nerve. The protein composition of spinal tissue was determined using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with subcellular fractionation. Comparisons of mouse spinal cord and brain revealed similarities in the types but differences in the concentrations of myelin associated proteins, nuclear histones and other proteins. Comparisons with sciatic nerve proteins demonstrated differences in types of proteins but similarities in the concentration of myelin proteins and nuclear histones. The short term (less than 2 hrs.) incorporation of radioactive amino acids into spinal cord proteins revealed heterogeneous rates of incorporation. Neither nerve crush six days prior to testing nor sciatic nerve stimulation had a significant effect on the protein composition or amino acid incorporation rates of spinal cord tissue. These observations suggest that known differences in spinal cord function following alterations in nerve input may be dependent upon different mechanisms than have been found in the brain.
Heat treatment effects on creep and rupture behavior of annealed 2.25 Cr-1 Mo steel

The strength of 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel depends on the microstructure, which, in turn, de-pends on the heat treatment. In the fully annealed and isothermally annealed conditions, the microstructure is primarily proeutectoid ferrite with varying amounts of bainite and pearlite. The relative amounts of the latter constituents depend on the cooling rates during the anneal. The creep and rupture properties were determined for steel plates (from a single heat) given three different annealing treatments: two were fully annealed, but cooled at different rates from the austenitizing temperature, and the third was iso-thermally annealed. Properties were determined at 454, 510, and 566°C. At 454 and 510°C, the cooling rate had a significant effect on the creep and rupture properties, with the ma-terial cooled fastest being the strongest. Although at 510°C strengths at short rupture times differed widely, the properties approached a common value at longer rupture times. The properties differed very little at 566°C, even for short rupture times. The effect of heat treatment was concluded to be the result of interaction solid solution hardening, a dislocation-drag process. This process gave rise to nonclassical creep curves (as op-posed to classical curves with single primary, secondary, and tertiary stages). By examining the creep-curve shape, it was possible to interpret the heat treatment effects on the creep-rupture properties.
MEMBRANE REACTIONS DURING FERTILIZATION AND 1‐METHYLADENINE STIMULATION IN IMMATURE STARFISH OOCYTES

Immature oocytes from starfishes were obtained during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. The oocytes were “fertilized” without previous induction of maturation by 1-methyladenine (1-MA) or germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB). Elevation of the fertilization membrane (FM) was observed with eggs obtained during the breeding season, but not observed with eggs obtained during the non-breeding season. Abnormal development was observed when these “fertilized” eggs with a FM were subsequently treated with 1-MA. The results of these experiments indicated that the elevation of FM was independent of GVB or the mixing of nuclear and cytoplasmic components.
Veterans service organization engagement in 'POWER,' a peer-led hypertension intervention

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of program factors on participant engagement in POWER, a peer-led intervention designed to reduce hypertension, increase hypertension knowledge, and improve other relevant health behaviors, such as diet and exercise, among US veterans involved in veterans service organizations throughout Southeastern Wisconsin.Methods: Two hundred and nineteen hypertensive members from 58 VSOs participated in a year-long peer-led intervention designed to improve hypertension knowledge, disease self-management behaviors, and health outcomes. This study represents a qualitative evaluation of post and participant engagement in this intervention. We triangulated data collected via three qualitative approaches (observations, focus groups, and in-depth interviews) from intervention posts to derive a model of engagement.Results: Our findings indicate that discrete characteristics of the peer leaders, post members, posts, and the intervention itself contributed ...
Geometry-based deconvolution of geophysical data

A seismic trace can be modeled as a convolution of a source wavelet and the reflectivity sequence of the Earth at a common depth point midway between the source and receiver. In a common depth point gather, the reflectivity sequence associated with each source-receiver pair is a compressed version of the zero-offset reflectivity sequence at that point. The process of normal moveout correction to align the traces to the zero-offset trace, stretches both the reflectivity sequences and wavelet simultaneously. While stretching the compressed reflectivity sequences is desirable, stretching the wavelet is not. If an inverse operator is applied to spike the wavelet prior to the normal moveout correction, the amount of stretch encountered by the wavelet will be reduced. If the wavelet has been perfectly spiked, the amount of stretch will be reduced to zero. This suggests that the zero-offset trace along with a non-zero offset trace could provide two nonlinear simultaneous equations that can be solved to determine the deconvolution filter. That is, a filter to spike the wavelet before normal moveout. Additional traces, however, will be needed to minimize the effect of noise and random errors. In the present paper the author formulates this deconvolution problem and shows that it can be solved using a constrained least square minimization technique. The solution process can be shown to reduce to an eigenvalue problem. A generalization of this work to data is also discussed where the stretch in the reflectivity sequences is introduced in the recorded data because of the geometry of the propagation medium relative to the array data acquisition system. This geometry-based deconvolution approach could be very effective in numerous remote sensing applications.
A characterisation of optimal channel assignments for cellular and square grid wireless networks

In this paper we first present a uniformity property that characterises optimal channel assignments for networks arranged as cellular or square grids. Then, we present optimal channel assignments for cellular and square grids; these assignments exhibit a high value for δ1 - the separation between channels assigned to adjacent stations. We prove an upper bound on δ1 for such optimal channel assignments. This upper bound is greater than the value of δ1 exhibited by our assignments. Based on empirical evidence, we conjecture that the value our assignments exhibit is a tight upper bound on δ1.
Using the Think Aloud Method to Observe Students' Help-seeking Behavior in Math Tutoring Software

This qualitative study presented high school students' help-seeking behavior and how they interacted with hints while they solved math problems on an intelligent tutoring system for math.
Sexual Diergism of Hypothalamo-Pituitary–Adrenal Cortical Responses to Low-Dose Physotigmine in Elderly vs. Young Women and Men

We previously demonstrated that the reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine (PHYSO), administered to normal young adult women and men (average age 35 years) at a dose that produced few or no side effects, resulted in a sex difference (sexual diergism) in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal cortical (HPA) axis responses: Plasma ACTH1–39, cortisol, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations increased to a significantly greater extent in the men than in the women. To explore the effect of age on these sexually diergic hormone responses, in the present study we used the same dose of PHYSO (8 μg/kg IV) to stimulate ACTH1–39, cortisol, and AVP secretion in normal elderly, non-estrogen-replaced women and elderly men (average ages 73 years and 70 years, respectively). The subjects underwent three test sessions 5–7 days apart: PHYSO, saline control, and a second session of PHYSO. Serial blood samples were taken for hormone analyses before and after pharmacologic challenge. As with the previously studied younger subjects, PHYSO administration produced no side effects in about half the elderly subjects and mild side effects in the other half, with no significant female-male differences. The hormone responses were 2–5 fold greater in the elderly subjects than in the younger subjects, but in contrast to the younger subjects, the elderly men did not have significantly greater hormone responses to PHYSO administration than did the elderly women. The ACTH1–39 and AVP responses to PHYSO for the two sessions were significantly positively correlated in the men (+0.96, +0.91) but not in the women. None of the hormone responses was significantly correlated with the presence or absence of side effects in either group of subjects. These results indicate a greater sensitivity of the HPA axis to low-dose PHYSO, and a loss of overall sex differences in hormone responses, in elderly compared with younger subjects. The lack of a difference in side effects between the elderly women and men and the lack of significant correlations between presence or absence of side effects and hormone responses suggest that the increase in hormone responses with aging is due to correspondingly increased responsiveness of central cholinergic systems and/or the HPA axis, and not to a nonspecific stress response.
Visual Exploration Strategies and the Development of Infants’ Facial Emotion Discrimination

We examined the role of visual exploration strategies in infants’ discrimination between facial emotion expressions. Twenty-eight 6-11-month-olds were habituated to alternating models posing the same expression (happy N =14 /fearful N = 14) as eye gaze data were collected with a corneal reflection eye tracker. Gaze behavior analyses indicated that duration of gaze to the eyes and mouth was similar, consistent with what would be expected based on area subtended by those regions, and negatively correlated. This pattern did not differ as a function of age, sex, or habituation condition. There were no posthabituation performance differences as a function of age group (6-8 month- versus 9-11 month-olds). Only infants habituated to happy faces showed longer looking at the novel emotion (fear) when the model was held constant from habituation to test. We found no reliable correlation between this performance and proportion of gaze directed at any one facial region. Consistent with previous work, the group habituated to fear faces showed no reliable posthabituation novelty preference. Individual differences in gaze behavior shed light on this finding. Greater proportion of gaze directed at the eyes correlated positively with preference for the novel emotion (happy). These data suggest that, as in other object classes, visual exploration strategies are an important agent of change in infants’ capacity to learn about emotion expressions. (218 words)
Etanercept therapy for psoriasis in a patient with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents are effective treatments for psoriasis. However, the use of these agents is associatedwith an increased risk of tuberculosis reactivation. An algorithmic approach to screening for latent tuberculosis infection has been recommended tominimize the risk of tuberculosis reactivation. However, clinical suspicion should override the results of screening tests. This report describes the case of a 49-year-old man who experienced reactivation of latent tuberculosis during treatment with etanercept, despite a negative tuberculin skin test and chest radiograph showing no abnormalities before the commencement of etanercept therapy; this patient was able to receive further treatment with etanercept following treatment for tuberculosis.
Ultrawideband radar images of the surface disturbance produced by a submerged, mine-like object

This paper describes an ultrawideband, imaging radar designed to image the fine structure of the surface disturbances caused by submerged objects and presents images of the surface wake generated by a sphere immersed in a current. The system was deployed on a research pier on the Outer Banks of North Carolina as part of the Mine Surface Effects (MISE) program, a program designed to investigate the feasibility of using microwave radar to detect submerged mines. The radar achieves extremely high range resolution, approximately 4 cm, through the use of a short pulse with a 3 dB bandwidth of 3 GHz and a center frequency of 9 GHz. Azimuthal imaging is achieved through the use of a linear array of receive antennas and a time-domain beam-forming technique. Radar images from the MISE program are presented which show the surface disturbance generated by a 91 cm-diameter sphere immersed in a 40-60 cm/s current. A surface wake is clearly visible in the imagery, both during the low phase of the tide, when the sphere broached the surface, and during high tide, when the sphere was completely submerged. Closer examination of the imagery reveals that when the target was fully submerged, the backscatter from the wake was primarily composed of long-lived (>1.5 s), isolated echoes that translated downstream at a velocity close to that of the measured surface current. Photographs of the wake suggest that these echoes are generated by sharp-crested surface features that form where the slow moving water of the turbulent, subsurface wake impinges the surface.
The RootChip: An Integrated Microfluidic Chip for Plant Science

Studying development and physiology of growing roots is challenging due to limitations regarding cellular and subcellular analysis under controlled environmental conditions. We describe a microfluidic chip platform, called RootChip, that integrates live-cell imaging of growth and metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana roots with rapid modulation of environmental conditions. The RootChip has separate chambers for individual regulation of the microenvironment of multiple roots from multiple seedlings in parallel. We demonstrate the utility of The RootChip by monitoring time-resolved growth and cytosolic sugar levels at subcellular resolution in plants by a genetically encoded fluorescence sensor for glucose and galactose. The RootChip can be modified for use with roots from other plant species by adapting the chamber geometry and facilitates the systematic analysis of root growth and metabolism from multiple seedlings, paving the way for large-scale phenotyping of root metabolism and signaling.
A role for myosin IXb, a motor–RhoGAP chimera, in epithelial wound healing and tight junction regulation

Polymorphisms in the gene encoding the heavy chain of myosin IXb (Myo9b) have been linked to several forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Given that Myo9b contains a RhoGTPase-activating protein domain within its tail, it may play key roles in Rho-mediated actin cytoskeletal modifications critical to intestinal barrier function. In wounded monolayers of the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco2(BBe) (BBe), Myo9b localizes to the extreme leading edge of lamellipodia of migrating cells. BBe cells exhibiting loss of Myo9b expression with RNA interference or Myo9b C-terminal dominant-negative (DN) tail-tip expression lack lamellipodia, fail to migrate into the wound, and form stress fiber-like arrays of actin at the free edges of cells facing the wound. These cells also exhibit disruption of tight junction (TJ) protein localization, including ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1. Torsional motility and junctional permeability to dextran are greatly increased in cells expressing DN-tail-tip. Of interest, this effect is propagated to neighboring cells. Consistent with a role for Myo9b in regulating levels of active Rho, localization of both RhoGTP and myosin light chain phosphorylation corresponds to Myo9b-knockdown regions of BBe monolayers. These data reveal critical roles for Myo9b during epithelial wound healing and maintenance of TJ integrity-key functions that may be altered in patients with Myo9b-linked IBD.
Highly distributed resource discovery and allocation in the grid

We introduce a distributed protocol for resource allocation and scheduling in the computational grid using programmable networking hardware. The proposed protocol eliminates the current resource broker system and gives autonomy to the task packets. Thus, resource allocation responsibility is distributed over the routers on the Internet.
Evaluation of an Oral Prolonged-Release Antibiotic Formulation

The antibiotic cephalexin was formulated as an oral prolonged-release tablet and evaluated by in vitro dissolution testing as well as in vivo in 10 human subjects. Comparisons were made of the time course of the blood levels among the prolonged-release formulation, the commercially available capsule, and intravenous administration. Even though lower peak blood levels were attained in the prolonged-release tablet, absorption continued for at least 6 hr. Comparison with in vitro dissolution data showed that absorption was dissolution rate limited. Bioavailability comparisons showed that the prolonged-release formulation was completely available, as was the commercial oral capsule.
Living in two worlds: the plant and insect lifestyles of Xylella fastidiosa.

Diseases caused by Xylella fastidiosa have attained great importance worldwide as the pathogen and its insect vectors have been disseminated. Since this is the first plant pathogenic bacterium for which a complete genome sequence was determined, much progress has been made in understanding the process by which it spreads within the xylem vessels of susceptible plants as well as the traits that contribute to its acquisition and transmission by sharpshooter vectors. Athough this pathogen shares many similarities with Xanthomonas species, such as its use of a small fatty acid signal molecule to coordinate virulence gene expression, the traits that it utilizes to cause disease and the manner in which they are regulated differ substantially from those of related plant pathogens. Its complex lifestyle as both a plant and insect colonist involves traits that are in conflict with these stages, thus apparently necessitating the use of a gene regulatory scheme that allows cells expressing different traits to co-occur in the plant.
Cobblestone-Area Forming Cells Derived from Patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma Are Enriched for CD133+ Tumor-Initiating Cells

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is associated with a significant risk of therapeutic failure and disease relapse, but the biological origin of relapse is poorly understood. Here, we prospectively identify subpopulations of primary MCL cells with different biologic and immunophenotypic features. Using a simple culture system, we demonstrate that a subset of primary MCL cells co-cultured with either primary human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) or murine MS-5 cells form in cobblestone-areas consisting of cells with a primitive immunophenotype (CD19−CD133+) containing the chromosomal translocation t (11;14)(q13;q32) characteristic of MCL. Limiting dilution serial transplantation experiments utilizing immunodeficient mice revealed that primary MCL engraftment was only observed when either unsorted or CD19−CD133+ cells were utilized. No engraftment was seen using the CD19+CD133− subpopulation. Our results establish that primary CD19−CD133+ MCL cells are a functionally distinct subpopulation of primary MCL cells enriched for MCL-initiating activity in immunodeficient mice. This rare subpopulation of MCL-initiating cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MCL.
Atdn: Toward a uniform color space†

To derive a uniform chromaticity space for small color differences, we applied compressive intensity-response functions of the form ρ = In/(σ + In) to each of the four color signals from the T (red vs. green) and D (blue vs. yellow) mechanisms of the ATD vector model for color vision. The values of σ and n for each response were optimized by computer iteration to provide reasonably uniform color spaces (ATDN) for describing the color-discrimination data of MacAdam [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 32, 246-274 (1942)] and Pointer [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 750–759 (1974)]. To determine how well ATDN accounts for large color differences, we transformed the coordinates of the Munsell renotation system to ATDN space. Origin-bound radial lines and origin-centered circles in ATDN are about equivalent to those of CIELAB in approximating iso-hue and iso-sat-uration contours of the Munsell system. A computer program written in BASIC that can be used to transform 1931 CIE X, Y, Z values to points in ATDN space is included as an appendix.
Pyrrolo [2,3-d]Pyrimidines

The synthesis of a series of 4-alkylamino-7-methyl analogs of tubercidin from 4-chloro-7-methyl-7 H -pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidine is described.
Convergence of Vocational Interests and Personality: Examples in an Adolescent Gifted Sample

Abstract This investigation explored the convergence between vocational interests as measured by the Strong Interest Inventory (Hansen & Campbell, 1985) and two competing personality models: the Big Five as measured by the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised (NEO-PI-R) (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and the Big Three as measured by the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) (Tellegen, 1982; Tellegen & Waller, in press). The participants were 323 gifted adolescents. The authors predicted that specific NEO-PI-R facet scales and specific MPQ primary scales would add meaningful variance to the prediction of hypothesized Basic Interest Scales (BISs) on the Strong after the variation due to the respective Big Five or Big Three factors was removed. The predictions were largely supported. Moreover, this study provided additional evidence regarding convergence of Holland's Big Six and the Big Five model of personality. This study could serve to prompt a new generation of studies relating vocational interests and personality.
Chemotaxis of chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the human neutrophil formyl peptide receptor: role of signal transduction molecules and alpha5beta1 integrin

Activation of the N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) of human neutrophils by ligands such as N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP) induces mobilization of intracellular calcium, cell adhesion, chemotaxis, superoxide production and degranulation. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are normally devoid of FPR and unresponsive to fMLP, but when stably transfected with a human FPR cDNA, exhibited some of these same responses. Specifically, stimulation with fMLP resulted in release of intracellular calcium and chemotactic migration toward a gradient of fMLP. As in neutrophils, both processes were inhibited through receptor desensitization by prior exposure to a higher or equal concentration of ligand or by treatment with pertussis toxin. Soluble and membrane-bound fibronectin greatly increased fMLP-induced chemotaxis of CHO cells expressing FPR, but not of wild-type CHO cells, suggesting a role for FPR in activation of integrin function. Evidence for this hypothesis was obtained by demonstrating that CHO cells expressing FPR rapidly increased their adhesion to a fibronectin-coated surface after stimulation with fMLP. Both chemotaxis and adhesion were largely inhibited by RGDS peptide and a function-blocking antibody against alpha5 integrin. FPR-mediated chemotaxis of the CHO transfectants was partly inhibited by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A, and blocked by a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin. These data suggest that stimulation of CHO FPR transfectants with a gradient of fMLP results in phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent chemotactic migration, which is enhanced by binding of activated alpha5beta1 to fibronectin. This non-myeloid, non-lymphoid fibroblastic cell line will thus serve as a useful model to investigate additional requirements of signal transduction molecules, adhesion molecules and cytoskeletal elements in FPR-mediated chemotaxis.
The Economic Analysis of Evidence, Procedure, and Litigation

This paper concatenates the introductions to two volumes of collected articles on the economic analysis of evidence, procedure, and litigation. These introductions survey, assess, and contextualize the most important economic research in the field.
Normative and Empirical Justice Research: A Preliminary Exploration of Public Administrators in the Health Care Context

Social equity and social justice have been a fundamental concern for public administration scholars and practitioners. So far the literature is largely normative in nature and centered on John Rawls’ theory of justice, paying less attention to how public administrators actually think about justice. This article reviews the background of justice theories and debates, compares three empirical justice beliefs, and explores public health administrators’ principles of justice. Drawing from an online survey of a convenience sample, the authors find both merit-based and equality-based beliefs among public administrators in the heath care context. The results show that respondents’ justice beliefs affect their attitudes toward government spending on health care, and the respondents’ justice beliefs are not affected by their factual knowledge about inequalities.
Ryanodine receptor-2: a necessity for gating store-operated Ca2+ channels.

This editorial refers to ‘Conformation of ryanodine receptor-2 gates store-operated calcium entry in rat pulmonary arterial myocytes’ by A.H.Y. Lin et al ., pp. 94–104. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is an important regulator of vascular tone as it is linked to a variety of functions including contraction, proliferation, and migration.1,2 It is well established that plasma membrane store-operated Ca2+ channel (SOCs) activation induces SOCE. Stimulation of surface receptors G protein and tyrosine kinase by extracellular agonists activates the phospholipase C (PLC)/phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) pathway that leads to IP3-mediated depletion of endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) Ca2+ stores and subsequent activation of SOCs. Stromal interaction molecule (STIM1-2) and Orai (Orai1-3) proteins are identified as critical components in SOCs activation. Of these proteins, structure models for STIM1 and Orai have begun to illustrate the molecular mechanisms controlling activation of SOCs in many cell types including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).3–5 It has been shown that SOCE is driven by physical contact between STIM1 and Orai1 through the cytosolic CAD domain of STIM1, which binds directly to Orai1 inducing tetrameric channel formation in ER–PM junction.6 Members of the canonical transient receptor potential family (TRPC) have also been proposed to act as SOCs; in particular, TRPC1 is associated with SOCE in VSMCs.7,8 Similar to Orai1, STIM1 is also needed for TRPC1 channel formation in response to ER/SR Ca2+ store depletion. It has been suggested, however, that STIM1-dependent gating of TRPC1 is different from Orai1. Instead of binding directly, an electrostatic model proposed that gating is mediated by an intermolecular electrostatic …
Systematic Screening at the Elementary Level: Considerations for Exploring and Installing Universal Behavior Screening.

ABSTRACTThis descriptive study reports data from one elementary school whose leadership team explored and installed systematic behavior screening as part of their tiered model of prevention. The authors compared student performance on two school-selected screening tools: the Student Risk Screening Scale for Internalizing and Externalizing (SRSS-IE) and the Social Skills Improvement System—Performance Screening Guide (SSiS-PSG). Then, the authors reported teachers' perspectives of social validity of the tools after completing the initial screening time point. Results indicated that 68.06% of students scored at low risk on the SRSS-IE and 60% scored with adequate progress on the SSiS-PSG Prosocial Behavior domain. Screening measures were similar in detecting students' behavioral and social performance. Mean scores suggested teachers' acceptability of both tools, with strengths related to feasibility for the SRSS-IE and utility for the SSiS-PSG.
Waste Treatment in Wetlands and Agriculture

Municipal and animal waste can be treated in ponds, wetlands, and agricultural fields. The sizing of ponds, wetlands, and field application areas is based on waste characteristics and volume. Wetland and pond areas are calculated based on standard treatment times, such as 5 day hydraulic retention time, or based on decay rate equations. The decay rate constant is primarily a function of temperature. Application of animal waste to soils by solids spreading (vehicle), liquid spreading (vehicle) or through a sprinkler system requires a series of calculations: the nutrient content in the wastewater, nutrient needs of the crop, the degradation and volatilization of nutrients in storage, mineralization, denitrification, and plant uptake in soils. The rate of application by sprinklers is dependent on percent solids in the waste and soil texture. This chapter includes an NRCS example calculation of dairy waste application to cropped fields. The soil salinization hazard from animal waste is calculated from the manure salinity load. Finally, an example shows how to calculate the blended ratio of wastewater to fresh water when wastewater concentration of nitrogen exceeds the crop nitrogen requirements.
Disturbance During Steady and Unsteady Motion of a Two-Dimensional Pressure Distribution

A two-dimensional study of flow due to a moving pressure distribution in subcritical Froude numbers over finite-depth water was conducted by a linearized ideal flow approach. A numerical integration algorithm was developed to evaluate the analytical solution given by Cauchy principal-value integrals. The surface elevation, bottom pressure profiles, and wave resistance were computed as functions of speed and water depth. The calculated results agreed well with published values.
Multiphoton double ionization of helium using femtosecond laser pulses

A time-dependent close-coupling method is used to calculate the multiphoton double ionization of He using femtosecond laser pulses. Total double ionization probabilities are calculated for 2, 3, 4, and 5 photon absorption in the photon energy range from 10 to 60 eV. Single and triple differential probabilities are calculated for 2, 3, 4, and 5 photon absorption at energies where the total ionization probability is near a maximum. For circular polarization the total and differential probabilities are consistently smaller compared to linear polarization as the number of photons absorbed is increased while keeping the radiation field intensity constant. For linear polarization, the total and differential probabilities vary substantially as a function of photons absorbed due to the presence of more absorption pathways.
On optimal Ḧolder regularity of solutions to the equation $Δ u+b⋅∇ u=0$ in two dimensions

We show that for an L2 drift b in two dimensions, if the Hardy norm of divb is small, then the weak solutions to Δu+b⋅∇u=0 have the same optimal Holder regularity as in the case of divergence-free drift, that is, u∈Clocα for all α∈(0,1).
Abstract 13676: Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases in Cardiac Amyloidosis

Background: Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is characterized by amyloid infiltration resulting in extracellular matrix (ECM) disruption. Cardiomyopathy (CMP) and symptomatic heart failure (HF) due to card...