cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decreased Mortality in 1-Year Survivors of Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant vs. Matched Related or Matched Unrelated Donor Transplant in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) has the potential to cure hematologic malignancies but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although deaths during the first year after transplantation are often attributable to treatment toxicities and complications, death after the first year may be due to sequelae of accelerated aging caused by cellular senescence. Cytotoxic therapies and radiation used in cancer treatments and conditioning regimens for HCT can induce aging at the molecular level; HCT patients experience time-dependent effects, such as frailty and aging-associated diseases, more rapidly than people who have not been exposed to these treatments. Consistent with this, recipients of younger cells tend to have decreased markers of aging and improved survival, decreased graft-versus-host disease, and lower relapse rates. Given that umbilical cord blood (UCB) is the youngest donor source available, we studied the outcomes after the first year of UCB transplantation versus matched related donor (MRD) and matched unrelated donor (MUD) transplantation in patients with hematologic malignancies over a 20-year period. In this single-center, retrospective study, we examined the outcomes of all adult patients who underwent their first allogeneic HCT through the Duke Adult Bone Marrow Transplant program from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2015, to allow for at least 3 years of follow-up. Patients were excluded if they died or were lost to follow-up before day 365 after HCT, received an allogeneic HCT for a disease other than a hematologic malignancy, or received cells from a haploidentical or mismatched adult donor. UCB recipients experienced a better unadjusted overall survival than MRD/MUD recipients (log rank P = .03, median overall survival: UCB not reached, MRD/MUD 7.4 years). After adjusting for selected covariates, UCB recipients who survived at least 1 year after HCT had a hazard of death that was 31% lower than that of MRD/MUD recipients (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.99; P = .049). This trend held true in a subset analysis of subjects with acute leukemia. UCB recipients also experienced lower rates of moderate or severe chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and nonrelapse mortality, and slower time to relapse. UCB and MRD/MUD recipients experienced similar rates of grade 2-4 acute GVHD, chronic GHVD, secondary malignancy, and subsequent allogeneic HCT. UCB is already widely used as a donor source in pediatric HCT; however, adult outcomes and adoption have historically lagged behind in comparison. Recent advancements in UCB transplantation such as the implementation of lower-intensity conditioning regimens, double unit transplants, and ex vivo expansion have improved early mortality, making UCB an increasingly attractive donor source for adults; furthermore, our findings suggest that UCB may actually be a preferred donor source for mitigating late effects of HCT.
Distribution and simultaneous local control of the optical hysteresis shape

We experimentally demonstrate the distribution of a bistable optical signal to two locations, and then independently and simultaneously control the hysteresis shape at each location using local sets of linear optical components.
Analysis of resonance production using relativistic Gamow vectors

The calculation of an amplitude involving resonance production is presented. This calculation employs for the resonance state a relativistic Gamow vector. It is used for investigating the question of compatibility of the relativistic Gamow vectors kinematics, defined by real 4-velocities and complex mass, with the stable particle kinematics; or in other words, the integration of the Gamow vectors with the conventional Dirac bra-ket formalism. The calculation demonstrates a consistent framework comprising stable and Gamow vectors.
Candy, Points, and Highlighters: Why Librarians, Not Vendors, Should Teach CALR to First-Year Students

Computer-assisted legal research (CALR) is an essential legal research tool. Despite that fact, most first-year law students are still being trained to conduct CALR by the representatives of commercial vendors. This article contends that in the legal research environment of 2007, first-year students need the guidance of law librarians to effectively learn CALR. Among other benefits, law librarians can provide first-years with unbiased guidance in evaluating CALR systems, can teach CALR within a comprehensive research approach, and will not perpetuate the idea that CALR is a quick and easy solution to legal research.
Design of H/sub infinity /-optimal compensators for singularly perturbed systems

The two-Riccati-equation formulation of compensator design is used to design stabilizing compensators that achieve a prescribed bound on the H/sub infinity /-norm of the disturbance-to-error transfer function of singularly perturbed systems. Approximate solutions for the Riccati equations are obtained based on the solutions of the Riccati equations of the fast subsystem and those of a system which is of the order of the slow subsystem. Approximate stabilizing compensators are designed and shown to be singularly perturbed systems. >
Use of a photoessay to teach low‐income African American women about mammography

Abstract Background. Although incidence rates of breast cancer are lower among African American women than white women, mortality rates among African American women are higher, especially for women of lower socioeconomic levels. Reasons for this situation include the lesser use of breast cancer screening examinations by low‐income, primarily African American women, late stage of diagnosis, and delays in treatment. Methods. As part of community outreach and public health clinic in‐reach programs for the Forsyth County Cancer Screening Project, approximately 908 African American women who reside in low‐income housing communities were targeted for educational efforts related to breast cancer screening. Early in the project, it was discovered that many of the women were unfamiliar with mammography and had very little awareness of how the entire examination was conducted. This low level of knowledge was particularly important because it was a barrier for obtaining regular mammography. A photoessay depicting th...
Dasatinib promotes an expanded and therapeutically-superior T cell repertoire in response to vaccination against melanoma (VAC12P.1014)

Dasatinib (DAS) is a potent inhibitor of the BCR-ABL, SRC, c-KIT, PDGFR and ephrin tyrosine kinases that has demonstrated only modest clinical efficacy in patients with melanoma. Given reports suggesting that DAS enhances T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment (TME), we analyzed whether therapy employing the combination of DAS plus specific active vaccination (VAC) would promote superior anti-melanoma efficacy in mice bearing s.c. M05 (B16.OVA) melanomas. We observed that a 7-day course of orally-administered DAS (0.1 mg/day) combined with VAC against the OVA (257-264) peptide epitope resulted in extended overall survival versus either single modality. Immunotherapeutic benefits associated with the DAS + VAC protocol included reduced levels of suppressor cell (MDSC and Treg) populations in the TME, enhanced production of CXCR3 ligand chemokines in the tumor stroma, recruitment of Type-1, vaccine-induced CXCR3+CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and IL12p70+CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) into the TME, and profound “spreading” in the repertoire of tumor-associated antigens recognized by CD8+ TIL. These results have fueled the development of UPCI 12-048 (NCT01876212), a randomized phase II pilot clinical trial of type I-polarized autologous DC vaccines incorporating tumor blood vessel antigen-derived peptides in combination with DAS that is currently enrolling HLA-A2+ patients with metastatic melanoma.
Ultrasound phased array control of thermal dose: High efficient constrained MPC

In this paper, a novel model-based treatment control system that manipulates the focal zone trajectory and intensity of ultrasound phased arrays to safely deliver prescribed thermal dose to the target in the minimum-time was developed. The system is characterized by its time-optimal performance, direct incorporation of normal tissue constraints, and computationally efficient implementation even in the presence of massive amount of magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry measurement data. A set of empirical basis functions is identified during pre-treatment planning using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). Using the same reduced-order basis, thermal images are compressed and used in the feedback of the treatment controller. The controller has a cascaded structure, with a nonlinear thermal dose controller in the outer loop and a low-dimensional model predictive controller (MPC) in the inner loop. The controller solves on-line optimization problem, which allows for robust delivery of the desired thermal dose despite modeling errors and disturbances. The feasibility and performance of the developed control system were tested in a computer simulated treatment of a three-dimensional (3D) inhomogeneous tissue with ultrasound transducer arrays.
Libraries, archives, and museums: Connecting educational communities and cultures

The convergence of libraries, archives, and museums (LAM) presents critical challenges to professional education. This panel introduces early results of a survey that explores the formal and informal relationships among LIS, archival studies, and museum studies programs. These results will serve as a starting point for a discussion about the qualitative dimensions of these relationships and how they present opportunities and challenges for students, faculty, and the field of LAM education.
Alternative evacuation strategies for nuclear power accidents

Abstract In the U.S., current protective-action strategies to safeguard the public following a nuclear power accident have remained largely unchanged since their implementation in the early 1980s. In the past thirty years, new technologies have been introduced, allowing faster computations, better modeling of predicted radiological consequences, and improved accident mapping using geographic information systems (GIS). Utilizing these new technologies, we evaluate the efficacy of alternative strategies, called adaptive protective action zones (APAZs), that use site-specific and event-specific data to dynamically determine evacuation boundaries with simple heuristics in order to better inform protective action decisions (rather than relying on pre-event regulatory bright lines). Several candidate APAZs were developed and then compared to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s keyhole evacuation strategy (and full evacuation of the emergency planning zone). Two of the APAZs were better on average than existing NRC strategies at reducing either the radiological exposure, the population evacuated, or both. These APAZs are especially effective for larger radioactive plumes and at high population sites; one of them is better at reducing radiation exposure, while the other is better at reducing the size of the population evacuated.
A note on the impossibility of rationalizing desire

9 . . action-tendencies are a multiplicative function of valences (occurrent desires and aversions), and hence . . . an action-tendency is always zero in magnitude if there is no valence attached to the contemplated action itself or its expected o u t c o m e . . , no intentional action will occur without desire or aversion directed at it or its outcome, and hence no rational, ideally criticized action will take place without desire or aversion. (If some philosophers have thought, as some seem to have done, that a person, can do his duty even if so doing is not positively valenced for him . . . . perhaps 'out of respect' for duty in some sense, they were wrong; and their psychology of morality needs basic revision.) 1
Perception of Stimulus Intensity by Migraine and Non‐migraine Subjects

SYNOPSIS Migraineurs and non-migraineurs performed a weight judgment task designed to measure stimulus intensity modulation style. The study revealed that migraineurs were more likely than non-migraineurs to increase their estimate of a weight's heaviness following stimulation with a similar weight. This tendency to increase the perceived intensity of stimuli may be one factor underlying the reported vaso constriction of migraineurs to low or moderate intensity stimuli that elicit vaso dilation in non-migraineurs. Questionnaire data is also described showing that migraineurs have a generalized preference for activities involving less intense levels of stimulation than those preferred by non-migraineurs. Implications of these findings for understanding the complex etiology of migraine are discussed.
RIBAVIRIN SMALL-PARTICLE AEROSOL TREATMENT OF INFLUENZA

Abstract In an outbreak of influenza virus A/England/333/80(H1N1) infections in college students, 14 randomly selected patients were treated by inhalation of ribavirin small-particle aerosol through a face mask. They retained an average estimated 1·15 g of drug in 23 h of treatment given over 3 days. 17 patients served as controls. Ribavirin aerosol treatment had a therapeutic effect judged by the highly significant reduction in height and duration of fever, reduction in systemic illness, and disappearance of influenza virus from respiratory secretions. 1 additional patient with influenzal pneumonia caused by a strain of influenza virus A/Bangkok/79(H3N2) recovered promptly with ribavirin aerosol treatment.
Drug uptake and ribonucleotide profiles of blast-enriched and blast-depleted human bone marrow cell populations.

SUMMARY. A density cut method was used to prepare two subpopulations of bone marrow cells which were enriched (BE) and depleted (BD) respectively of blast cells. Marrow aspirates were obtained from 32 patients, 26 of whom had acute leukaemia. The uptake of a variety of chemotherapeutic agents by these two subpopulations and the acid-soluble ribonucleotide profiles of the populations were compared and significant differences were found in drug uptake by BE and BD subpopulations. For some drugs such as cytosine arabinoside, uptake was greatest by the BE cells, while for 5-azacytidine the BD subpopulation took up the greatest amount of the drug. The preparation of the BE subpopulation also permitted the recognition of several patients with acute leukaemia whose blast cells possess nondetectable levels of ATP, UTP, and GTP components, in their acid-soluble fractions. The studies presented demonstrate the necessity of using purified cell populations when characterizing the drug uptake patterns and the soluble ribonucleotide profiles of the leukaemic cells. A simple method for enriching bone marrow aspirates for leukaemic cells is also presented.
Modulation of temporal precision in thalamic population responses to natural visual stimuli.

Natural visual stimuli have highly structured spatial and temporal properties which influence the way visual information is encoded in the visual pathway. In response to natural scene stimuli, neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) are temporally precise—on a time scale of 10-25 ms—both within single cells and across cells within a population. This time scale, established by non stimulus-driven elements of neuronal firing, is significantly shorter than that of natural scenes, yet is critical for the neural representation of the spatial and temporal structure of the scene. Here, a generalized linear model (GLM) that combines stimulus-driven elements with spike-history dependence associated with intrinsic cellular dynamics is shown to predict the fine timing precision of LGN responses to natural scene stimuli, the corresponding correlation structure across nearby neurons in the population, and the continuous modulation of spike timing precision and latency across neurons. A single model captured the experimentally observed neural response, across different levels of contrasts and different classes of visual stimuli, through interactions between the stimulus correlation structure and the nonlinearity in spike generation and spike history dependence. Given the sensitivity of the thalamocortical synapse to closely timed spikes and the importance of fine timing precision for the faithful representation of natural scenes, the modulation of thalamic population timing over these time scales is likely important for cortical representations of the dynamic natural visual environment.
Teaching dancercise to persons who are mentally handicapped: Programming transfer of stimulus control to a community setting

This study demonstrated procedures to promote the acquisition and transfer of stimulus control of an age-appropriate exercise skill. Three young adults diagnosed as mentally handicapped in a residential setting were taught a commercial dancercise routine during individual training sessions using a package of instructional procedures. A combination of a multiple baseline across subjects and a multiple baseline across response groups design showed that skill acquisition occurred only after each subject received training, and that performance did not generalize across exercise response groups. Training progressively incorporated more participants, new teachers, and new settings. Ultimately, subjects performed in a community dancercise class attended by 100 nonhandicapped persons.
Secretory IgA Antibody Responses to Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Genital Secretions of Infected Females

reduced by absorption with an antibody specific for "secretory piece." Similar treatment of serum samples produced no reduction in titers of antibody. The local response was most frequently characterized by the prompt development of a concentration of IgA antibody exceeding that detected in the serum; local IgA levels returned to normal rapidly after the infection was terminated by appropriate antibiotic therapy. In each case studied, the quantitative and chronological features of the local response differed from those observed in the serum, a finding suggesting that the immune response generated in the genital tract was distinct from the systemic response. The possible implications of these findings in the pathogenesis of gonococcal infections were considered. Gonorrhea in females is usually manifested as an infection of epithelial surfaces, most commonly the secretory epithelium of the uterine cervix, the fallopian tubes, the urethra, and the genital exocrine glands. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that such infections stimulate systemic antibody responses which are highly variable in intensity [1] and duration.' Furthermore, whereas antibody responses can usually be demonstrated in females, they are frequently not detected in males [1], in whom early treatment may abort or abrogate systemic antigenic stimulation. We have
Structural and spectroscopic studies of tripodal [MgL]2+ chelates containing only nitrogen donor atoms: alkaline earth metal complexes as potential drug delivery agents

Several tripodal diimine ligands, tris(2-(2-thiazolyl)methyliminoethyl)amine, 2-Tatren, tris(2-(4-(5-methyl)imidazolyl)methyliminoethyl)amine, 5-Me-4-Imtren, tris(2-(4-imidazolyl)methyliminoethyl)amine, 4-Imtren, tris(2-(2-imidazolyl)methyliminoethyl)amine, 2-Imtren, and their Mg(2+) complexes were prepared and characterized. X-ray diffraction studies show that the Mg(2+) ions are six-coordinate, with three acyclic imine N atoms and three imidazolyl or thiazolyl N atoms coordinated with the general formula [Mg(L)](ClO(4))(2) (L=4-Imtren (1), 2-Imtren (2), 2-Tatren (3), and 5-Me-4-Imtren (4)). These complexes are chiral with both Delta and Lambda isomers present in the unit cell. (1)H NMR titrations reveal that complexes also form in solution and that the chirality is maintained. Variable temperature (1)H NMR reveals that the Delta and Lambda isomers interconvert in the intermediate to slow time scale. The interconversion rate slows with increasing pK(a) of the ligand heterocycle, suggesting that interconversion proceeds through a partially dissociated state. These complexes undergo trans-metallation by Zn(2+), indicating that their ligands can be released in a kinetically facile manner to form more stable metal ion complexes.
Another blue neuron in the retina

The diverse population of retinal cell types has now been shown to include one that does a neat trick: an interneuron inverts the sign of the retina's response to blue light, creating the blue-Off output signal to the brain.
High-power red VCSEL arrays

High-power red laser sources are used in many applications such as cosmetics, cancer photodynamic therapy, and DNA sequencing in the medical field, laser-based RGB projection display, and bar-code scanning to name a few. Verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) can be used as high-power laser sources, as efficient single devices can be configured into high-power two-dimensional arrays and scaled into modules of arrays. VCSELs emit in a circular, uniform beam which can greatly reduce the complexity and cost of optics. Other advantages include a narrow and stable emission spectrum, low speckle of the far-field emission, and good reliability. However, developing efficient red VCSEL sources presents some challenges because of the reduced quantum-well carrier confinement and the increased Aluminum content (to avoid absorption) which increases thermal impedance, and also decreases the DBR index contrast resulting in increased penetration length and cavity losses. We have recently developed VCSEL devices lasing in the visible 6xx nm wavelength band, and reaching 30% power conversion efficiency. We fabricated high-power 2D arrays by removing the GaAs substrate entirely and soldered the chips on high thermal conductivity submounts. Such arrays have demonstrated several Watts of output power at room temperature, in continuous-wave (CW) operation. Several tens of Watts are obtained in QCW operation. Results and challenges of these high-power visible VCSEL arrays will be discussed.
Inflammation-induced depression: Evidence and mechanisms

Classically envisioned as a key mediator in allergic reactions, histamine has been recently suggested to play a role in central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune responses occurring in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), animal model for this disease. Studies performed with histamine receptors or histidine-decarboxylase knockout mice have shown that histamine can play promoting or protective roles in EAE depending on the receptors engaged. Moreover, transcript levels of histamine receptors are significantly modulated in peripheral T cells in different stages of EAE. In order to determine whether these findings could be of relevance for the human disease, in the present study we analysed the gene expression of histamine receptor 1 (HRH1), HRH2 and HRH4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing–remitting (RR), secondaryprogressive (SP), primary-progressive (PP) MS, and healthy controls (HC). HRH3 has not been included in our study, as its expression is restricted to the CNS. Histamine receptors were all expressed at mRNA level and HRH2 transcripts were always more abundant than those for HRH4 and HRH1 in the analysed groups. Interestingly, we found that HRH1 transcript was significantly downmodulated in SP-MS compared with HC (p b 0.05), and HRH4 was increased in this group compared to HC (p b 0.05), CIS (p= 0.01) and SM-RR (p b 0.05). No other differences in the expression of histamine receptors were observed between HC, CIS or other clinical forms of definite MS. These results show that histamine receptors are differentially expressed in SP-MS.
Radiology: "killer app" for next generation networks?

The core principles of digital radiology were well developed by the end of the 1980 s. During the following decade tremendous improvements in computer technology enabled realization of those principles at an affordable cost. In this decade work can focus on highly distributed radiology in the context of the integrated health care enterprise. Over the same period computer networking has evolved from a relatively obscure field used by a small number of researchers across low-speed serial links to a pervasive technology that affects nearly all facets of society. Development directions in network technology will ultimately provide end-to-end data paths with speeds that match or exceed the speeds of data paths within the local network and even within workstations. This article describes key developments in Next Generation Networks, potential obstacles, and scenarios in which digital radiology can become a “killer app” that helps to drive deployment of new network infrastructure.
Renin-angiotensin blockade lowers MCP-1 expression in diabetic rats

Renin-angiotensin blockade lowers MCP-1 expression in diabetic rats. Background Glomerular macrophage accumulation in diabetes implicates monocyte recruitment mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. To test the hypothesis that overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a monocyte chemoattractant, is attenuated by renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition, we assessed expression of genes regulating monocyte transmigration in the glomeruli of diabetic rats. Methods Competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to semiquantitate mRNA expression in glomeruli harvested by sieving at serial intervals after the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin in Munich-Wistar rats. Although subject to limitations, competitive RT-PCR provides an objective measure suited to the minute quantities of RNA extractable from glomerular isolates. Results Time-dependent elevation of MCP-1 expression was dramatically suppressed by treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril or the AT1 receptor antagonist candesartan, and was closely associated with effects on proteinuria and glomerular macrophage number. By contrast, no sustained suppression of the cell adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 or the classic MCP-1 stimulators tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-1β followed RAS inhibition, and suppression of transforming growth factor-β1 expression was transient. Conclusion These data suggest that glomerular macrophage recruitment in experimental diabetes is largely determined by angiotensin-stimulated MCP-1 expression. We conclude that the RAS is an important regulator of local MCP-1 expression, either directly or through glomerular hemodynamic effects, and that our data strongly implicate macrophage recruitment and activation in the pathogenesis of early diabetic glomerular injury.
Green alliances: building new business with environmental groups

Abstract ‘Green alliances’, partnerships between businesses and environmental groups, can be effective strategies for integrating corporate environmental responsibilities with market goals. They are an outgrowth of an emerging philosophy called ‘Market-based Environmentalism’ which advocates making ecology attractive to businesses via market incentives. This article describes the conceptual underpinnings of the market-based perspective and illustrates how green alliances, specifically, are helping companies to develop ecologically-protective programmes which can lower costs and build differentiation advantages. A typology of green alliances is presented to explain different ways firms can achieve such advantages. Green alliances are a new strategic domain, and some have encountered positioning and relationship management problems. Recommendations are offered on how corporations can successfully ally with environmentalists to push competitive frontiers into the 21st century.
Assembly and secretion of lipophorin by the larval fat body of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella: An in vitro study

The synthesis, processing, and secretion of lipophorin by the larval fat body of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, was examined using in vitro techniques. Pulse-labeling of lipophorin with [35S]methionine showed that apolipophorin-I and -II were each synthesized and secreted from the fat body into Grace's medium with an intracellular transit time of about 45 min. Secretion of the apolipoproteins from the fat body became insensitive to the presence of monensin, which disrupts protein processing in the Golgi complex, at 30 min, indicating that most of the pulse-labeled apolipoprotein has transited the Golgi complex by this time. Three inhibitors of protein processing, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, monensin, and brefeldin A, inhibited secretion of lipophorin into medium. Puromycin treatment did not appear to result in the secretion into the medium of lipophorin particles containing incomplete translation products of apolipophorin-I or -II. Incubation of fat bodies with [3H]oleate resulted in the secretion of lipophorin containing [3H]glycerides, a process that was inhibited by cycloheximide, puromycin, and monensin, indicating that apolipoprotein synthesis is required for secretion of [3H]glyceride on nascent lipophorin particles. In contrast, suramin, which has been shown to block the binding of lipophorin to plasma membrane receptors, inhibited the synthesis and secretion of lipophorin, but it did not appear to inhibit the transfer of [3H]lipid from the fat body to lipophorin. Inhibitors of protein synthesis and processing, therefore, can be used to distinguish between secretion of lipophorin-associated lipids and secretion of lipids mediated by the lipid-transfer particle outside the plasma membrane of the fat body.
The binding of phosporylcholine-containing antigens from Streptococcus pneumoniae to myeloma immunoglobulins M-603 and H-8

Abstract The association constants ( K a ' s ) for the binding of two macromolecular phosphorylcholine-containing S. pneumoniae antigens, C-teichoic acid and S27 with murine myeloma immunoglobulins M-603 (Fab) and H-8 (fab) have been measured by fluorescence titration. The affinities of these two Fab fragments for the multivalent antigens are compared with that obtained with the smaller haptenic determinant, phosphorylcholine.
Moving industry-guided multimedia technology into the classroom

Given the ubiquity of multimedia technology, it is important that Computer Science students not only learn the basics of multimedia design, but also gain hands-on experience with applications of the technology. This paper describes the integration of multimedia concepts and tools into a Computer Science curriculum. An NSF-sponsored Multimedia Laboratory was established and used to support three senior-level courses: software engineering, computer graphics, and computer networks. Curriculum development, laboratory exercises, and the role of projects are described.
STOCHASTIC TRANSPORTATION NETWORK DESIGN PROBLEM WITH SPATIAL EQUITY CONSTRAINT

Equity issues and demand uncertainty are two important issues in the network design problem (NDP). Spatial equity in NDP is concerned with the benefit distribution among network users. By considering demand uncertainty, a more realistic evaluation of the network performance given a network improvement plan can be obtained. Two stochastic models that consider both spatial equity and demand uncertainty are formulated: an expected-value model and a chance-constrained model. Both models are solved by a simulation-based genetic algorithm procedure. The genetic algorithm is used to solve NDP, and stochastic simulation is used to simulate the demand uncertainty. The results of numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the significance of the equity issue and demand uncertainty in NDP.
Prenatal diagnosis of genital anomalies

Abstract Objectives This is a report of five cases of abnormal fetal genitalia detected by routine prenatal ultrasound. Methods Retrospective review was conducted to identify all cases of abnormal fetal genitalia identified by routine obstetrical ultrasound at our institution in which postpartum follow-up was available. Results Five cases of prenatal sonographically diagnosed abnormal fetal genitalia were confirmed postnatally. The abnormalities include ambiguous genitalia, severe hypospadias with unilateral cryptorchidism, megalourethra, and concealed penis. In all cases, other anomalies were discovered during the prenatal ultrasound. Conclusions Prenatal ultrasound may detect a variety of abnormalities of the fetal genitalia.
Renin-Renin Substrate Kinetic Constants in the Plasma of Normal and Estrogen-Treated Humans

The renin-renin substrate Michaelis constant (Km) and maximal velocity (Vmax) were determined in the plasmas of normal subjects. The mean Km was 0.7 microgram/ml. Under these conditions, the in vitro reaction of renin with physiologic concentrations of renin substrate will proceed at only 70% of its maximal velocity. Following estrogen administration, Km doubled to a value of 1.3 microgram/ml. Vmas increased by 81%. Analysis of the changes induced in the in vitro reaction velocity demonstrated that estrogen-induced acceleration of the renin reaction is dependent upon both an increase in renin substrate concentration as well as an increase in Vmas. The latter appears to be quantitatively more important. These findings suggest the emergence of modifying factors in the renin-renin substrate interaction following estrogen administration.
Modified key agreement protocol based on the digital signature standard

Arazi (1993) proposed a scheme to integrate a key exchange protocol into the DSS (digital signature standard) to authenticate two public keys exchanged between two users. Then one corresponding secret session key can be shared by two parties based on the Diffie-Hellman public-key distribution scheme. Later, Nyberg and Rueppel (1994) pointed out a weakness in the Arazi protocol: if one secret session key is compromised then the others will be disclosed as well. The letter proposes a modified key agreement protocol based on the DSS.
COMPARISON OF MOVEMENT BEHAVIOR OF THREE STRAINS OF GERMAN COCKROACH, BLATTELLA GERMANICA

Few comparisons of dispersal or locomotory ability have been made between field and laboratory-reared German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.). The objective of the research presented here was to compare the nocturnal movement of 3 strains of German cockroach: blackbody mutant (BB), VPI-Normal (WL), and a field strain (F). The movement behavior was studied in an observation chamber where the number of squares entered by an adult coackroach in a given time period was scored. Earned movement points for F strain cockroaches were twice the amount earned by both laboratory-reared strains (BB, WL). Analysis of the movement points indicated that the F strain adults moved significantly more (P ≤ 0.001) than the BB or WL strain adults. The use of BB and WL German cockroach adults to study German cockroach dispersal may require a correction factor to make up the difference between laboratory and field strains. RESUME Comparaison du comportement locomoteur de 3 souches de Blattella germanica Peu de comparaisons ont porte sur la dispersion et l'aptitude a la locomotion des Blattella germanica de la nature et d'elevage. L'objectif de ce travail est de comparer les mouvements nocturnes de 3 souches de B. germanica: mutant au corps noir (BB), normal VPI (WL) et une souche de la nature (F). Le comportement locomoteur a ete etudie dans une cage d'observation ou a ete note le nombre de cases dans lesquelles un adulte est entre en un temps donne. Le nombre obtenu avec la souche F etait le double de ceux des souches de laboratoire BB ou WL. L'analyse a indique que les adultes de la souche F se deplacaient significativement plus (P ≤ 0.001) que ceux des souches BB ou WL. L'utilisation d'adultes des souches BB ou WL pour etudier la dispersion de B. germanica peut necessiter un facteur de correction pour combler la difference entre les souches de laboratoire et des souches de la nature.
Gender differences and the value of choice in intelligent tutoring systems

Students interacted with an intelligent tutoring system to learn grammatical rules for an artificial language. Six tutoring policies were explored. One, based on a Dynamic Bayes' Network model of skills, was learned from the performance of previous students. Overall, this policy and other intelligent policies outperformed random policies. Some policies allowed students to choose one of three problems to work on, while others presented a single problem at each iteration. The benefit of choice was not apparent in group statistics; however, there was a strong interaction with gender. Overall, women learned less than men, but they learned different amounts in the choice and no choice conditions, whereas men seemed unaffected by choice. We explore reasons for these interactions between gender, choice and learning.
An Instructional Program in Comprehension of Narrative Themes for Adolescents with Learning Disabilities

These studies describe and evaluate an instructional program designed to help students with learning disabilities learn about the concept of theme, identify themes in stories, and apply themes to real life. Subjects were fifth- and sixth-grade nondisabled students and students with mild learning disabilities (Study 1) and seventh and eighth graders with more severe disabilities (Study 2). In both studies, the program improved comprehension of theme and identification of a specific theme that had been used in instruction. Instructed students were more successful on both measures than students who received no instruction (Study 1) or traditional instruction (Study 2). Applying a theme to real-life situations and identifying and applying themes not included in instruction were more difficult tasks—especially for Study 2 students. However, these students did show improvement on recall of story detail. These findings indicate that even students with severe disabilities can profit from instruction focused on ab...
Evaluation and use of diagnostic tests in Alzheimer's disease.

PHYSICIANS rely on a complex process of clinical reasoning in order to establish a diagnosis. Rowland (9) quotes an anonymous sage who said that 90% of the neurologic diagnoses, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), depends on the medical history and the remainder comes from the neurologic examination and laboratory tests. However, as new diagnostic tests for neurologic diseases are developed they will be used with increased frequency in clinical research and practice.
Predicting policy attitudes from general prejudice versus specific intergroup emotions

Abstract How are people’s social policy attitudes related to their affective reactions to the social groups affected by those policies? From a threat-based perspective, specific emotions toward a group—above and beyond general prejudice toward that group—should predict attitudes toward a policy affecting the group. To test this, 128 participants reported their support for four social policies, their general and specific affective reactions to each affected group, and the threats ostensibly posed by that group. Although general prejudice failed to predict each policy attitude after controlling for the specific emotions, specific emotions did indeed significantly predict each policy attitude after controlling for general prejudice. Moreover, these specific emotions tended to mediate predicted relationships between perceived threats and policy attitudes. In all, these results highlight the benefits of assessing specific intergroup emotions as they relate to political arenas.
Neoplasms of endometrial stroma: Histopathologic and flow cytometric analysis with clinical correlation

Abstract Ten neoplasms of endometrial stroma (one stromal nodule, four endolymphatic stromal myoses, and five stromal sarcomas) were compared using clinical data as well as histopathologic and flow cytometric parameters. None of the patients with stromal nodules or endolymphatic stromal myosis had extrauterine disease at presentation or tumors displaying a mitotic rate >1010 hpf (high-power fields), nuclear pleomorphism, atypical mitotic figures, DNA aneuploidy, or a high proliferative index (> 10% S phase cells). The stromal nodules were circumscribed and behaved in a benign fashion. The patients with endolymphatic stromal myosis had infiltrative tumors that behaved as low-grade cancers with good responses to therapy. Four of the five patients with stromal sarcoma had extrauterine disease at presentation as well as tumors characterized by a mitotic rate much >10 mitoses10 hpf, nuclear pleomorphism, atypical mitotic figures, DNA aneuploidy, and a high proliferative index. These four patients had aggressive disease with poor response to therapy. The fifth of the stromal sarcomas had a high mitotic rate, but lacked the other features linked with aggressive behavior; this patient has responded well to treatment. The mitotic count may not be the most useful criterion for predicting biologic behavior in endometrial stromal tumors since it does not always reflect an increased rate of cell turnover as demonstrated by the percentage of cells in the S phase. DNA analysis by flow cytometry yields a more accurate picture of tumor behavior.
Intake of ethanol and reinforcing fluids in rats bred for susceptibility to stress

Rats have been selectively bred in our laboratory based on how swim-test behavior is affected by stress. Following exposure to an acute stressor, active swim-test behavior is reduced in the swim-test susceptible (SUS) line but is not reduced in the swim-test resistant (RES) line. Earlier findings indicate that SUS rats have reduced central serotonin and dopamine levels relative to normal, random-bred (i.e., nonselected [NS]) rats and RES rats, suggesting that SUS rats might respond differently to reinforcing substances, particularly ethanol. We report here comparison of SUS, NS, and RES rats regarding consumption of ethanol. Also examined was consumption of saccharin, sucrose, and quinine. Testing involved a two-bottle, free-choice method of measuring intake of substances in a home cage. Intake of each substance was tested across a range of concentrations. The results indicate that the SUS rats, tested across 14 generations, consume markedly more ethanol than the other two lines; in fact, SUS rats consume amounts similar to that ingested by lines/strains of rats bred specifically for ethanol intake. Similar to other alcohol-preferring rats, SUS rats show an increased affinity for saccharin solutions and a marked increase in their total daily fluid intake when a sweet-tasting saccharin or sucrose solution is available. These results indicate that a propensity to drink alcohol occurs in a line of rats that were selectively bred, not for alcohol intake, but for vulnerability to stress.
Ultrasonic identification of a new spin-ordering phase transition in holmium☆

Abstract A new tilted spiral phase has been identified in holmium by associating it with an anomalous peak in the shear wave attenuation at 24°K. When a magnetic field is applied in the basal plane the peak moves up in temperature; when it is applied parallel to the c-axis the peak moves down. We propose a model which predicts the observed experimental results.
Analysis of nickel (II) in particulate matter by Raman microspectroscopy

Abstract A Raman microspectroscopy-based method utilizing sample derivatization is developed for determination of soluble and low solubility nickel (II) compounds in size-resolved samples of atmospheric particulate matter (PM). In this method, particles are collected in a cascade impactor on an aluminum substrate which has been pre-treated with dimethylglyoxime (dmg) to form [Ni(dmgH)2]. This Ni complex has strong characteristic Raman features at 1352 and 1510 cm−1, ascribed to contributions of normal modes ν(C−CH3)+ν(NO) and ν(CN), respectively. The method is tested using submicron-sized aerosols generated in the laboratory by atomization of solutions/suspensions of individual water-soluble NiSO4 and low-solubility NiCO3, Ni(OH)2, and NiO as model compounds. Additionally, Raman spectra of particles containing NiSO4 internally mixed with ammonium sulfate, oxalic acid, and humic acid are obtained. The presence of these atmospherically abundant inorganic and organic compounds does not interfere with the detection of Ni(II).
Global de-correlation of the topography of transition zone discontinuities

Analysis of long-period shear-wave underside reflections from upper mantle discontinuities shows the shape of the 410 km discontinuity to be neither globally nor locally correlated with that of the 660-km discontinuity. The long wavelength pattern of 410 topography is dominated by degree-1 spherical harmonics and has a reasonable correlation with the seismic velocity perturbations in the mantle above it. The global topography of 660, dominated by degree-2 spherical harmonics, is strongly correlated with shear-wave velocity variations in the transition zone. The poor correlation between the observed topography of the 410- and 660-km discontinuities is inconsistent with a simple model of large scale, whole mantle flow, thus implying a more complex pattern, which includes at least temporary accumulation of subducted material in the transition zone [Ringwood and Irifune, Nature 331 (1988) 131–136; Tackley et al., Nature 361 (1993) 699–704]. The modest seismic discontinuity at 520 km is well observed when the reflections are under mid-age oceans, but is not observed when they are under continental shields. Interpretation of this observation in terms of olivine depletion in the deep continental mantle indicates the possible existence of continent-ocean chemical heterogeneity at depths exceeding 500 km.
An unusual case of Campylobacter jejuni pericarditis in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia.

INTRODUCTION X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), also called Bruton agammaglobulinemia, is a relatively rare form of antibody deficiency seen in young males presenting with recurrent sinopulmonary infections. There have been several case reports of patients with XLA having refractory Campylobacter jejuni infections. There are also rare case reports of pericarditis because of Campylobacter organisms, and these have been reported in the elderly, AIDS patients, and other disease states. We report a case of C. jejuni pericarditis in a 32-yearold man with confirmed XLA and bronchiectasis that presented with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. He then developed progressive hypotension and signs suggestive of pericardial tamponade requiring emergent transthoracic pericardiocentesis, and later required placement of a pericardial window. Cultures from his pericardial fluid grew out a Gramnegative filamentous rod, which was later identified as C. jejuni. Several years later during an admission for pneumonia, he was found to have Campylobacter bacteremia. Subsequent blind colonic biopsies yielded positive specimens for C. jejuni in 6 of 6 specimens. Currently, he remains reasonably well, but despite a regimen of alternating macrolide/ fluoroquinolone antibiotics and intravenous immunoglobulin (Ig), he continues to grow Campylobacter from his stool.
Student Perceptions of Self-Plagiarism: A Multi-University Exploratory Study

The purpose of this study was to assess student perceptions of self-plagiarism. Students at three university campuses offering graduate and undergraduate classes in a residential and online format were queried; 284 students responded. Overwhelmingly, students perceived they owned their own previous published works and over half reported they believed self-plagiarism should not be considered an academic honesty offense. Most faculty members did not provide information about self-plagiarism to their students. Only about one-fourth of the students reported recycling parts of an assignment in the past. Students who took online courses were more likely to have been educated about self-plagiarism than those who took residential courses. Understanding students’ perceptions about academic honesty offenses such as plagiarism can help institutions develop effective policies and interventions.