cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinearity in the relationship between political skill and work outcomes: Convergent evidence from three studies

Abstract The current investigation examined the form and magnitude of the relationship between political skill and two intrapersonal worker reactions—job satisfaction and job tension. Political skill was hypothesized to demonstrate an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship with job satisfaction and a U-shaped relationship with job tension. Data from three separate studies supported the hypothesized relationships. Specifically, moderate levels of political skill were associated with higher levels of job satisfaction (Studies 1–3) and lower levels of job tension (Studies 1 and 2). Conversely, in comparison to more moderate levels, higher and lower levels of political skill were adversely related to these outcomes. Implications, strengths and limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Polarized Enhanced Backscattering Spectroscopy for Characterization of Biological Tissues at Subdiffusion Length Scales

Since the early 1980s, the enhanced backscattering (EBS) phenomenon has been well-studied in a large variety of nonbiological materials. Yet, until recently, the use of conventional EBS for the characterization of biological tissue has been fairly limited. In this study, we detail the unique ability of EBS to provide spectroscopic, polarimetric, and depth-resolved characterization of biological tissue using a simple backscattering instrument. We first explain the experimental and numerical procedures used to accurately measure and model the full azimuthal EBS peak shape in biological tissue. Next, we explore the peak shape and height dependencies for different polarization channels and spatial coherence of illumination. We then illustrate the extraordinary sensitivity of EBS to the shape of the scattering phase function using suspensions of latex microspheres. Finally, we apply EBS to biological tissue samples in order to measure optical properties and observe the spatial length scales at which backscattering is altered in early colon carcinogenesis.
Clinical trials. Concerns of the patient and the public

This paper reviews what is known about attitudes toward clinical trials among patients and the public, the use of surrogates (physicians and patients) to determine whether a clinical trial is acceptable, and other empiric data available on this issue. Other concerns related to the conduct of clinical trials are explored including strategies for assuring the best quality of care for patients involved in these studies. The author suggests several actions to improve public understanding and participation in clinical trials including the development of new educational strategies for presenting information to the public, development of mechanisms for documenting and communicating the quality of care received by patients in clinical trials, and the implementation of quality-of-life assessments in clinical trials to provide an additional outcome measure for clinical situations in which the survival differences between treatments are insignificant. The limited information that is available suggests that the concerns of patients and the public must be addressed if clinical trials are to be successful in recruitment of adequate numbers of subjects to answer important clinical research questions.
The genealogy of some recently evolved vertebrate proteins

Abstract Many vertebrate proteins can now be assigned to family groups. In most cases ‘new’ proteins have evolved from ‘old’ ones after total gene duplications, but some other relationships are clearly the results of exon shuffling and may offer a clue to the origin of introns.
Primary prevention of conduct disorder

Conduct disorders represent one of the most troubling and persistent childhood psychiatric disorders. This serious condition has a poor long-term prognosis and entails a wide range of negative consequences over the life span. No single intervention strategy has been identified that successfully alters its negative course. This article reviews developmental findings and previous intervention efforts and provides a rationale for approaching the problem of Conduct Disorder through primary preventive intervention. A comprehensive, family-based prevention model and specific clinical strategies for intervention are described. A case example is used to illustrate the integration of program components.
Identification of QTL regions and SSR markers associated with resistance to reniform nematode in Gossypium barbadense L. accession GB713

The identification of molecular markers that are closely linked to gene(s) in Gossypium barbadense L. accession GB713 that confer a high level of resistance to reniform nematode (RN), Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira, would be very useful in cotton breeding programs. Our objectives were to determine the inheritance of RN resistance in the accession GB713, to identify SSR markers linked with RN resistance QTLs, and to map these linked markers to specific chromosomes. We grew and scored plants for RN reproduction in the P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2 generations from the cross of GB713 × Acala Nem-X. The generation means analysis using the six generations indicated that one or more genes were involved in the RN resistance of GB713. The interspecific F2 population of 300 plants was genotyped with SSR molecular markers that covered most of the chromosomes of Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.). Results showed two QTLs on chromosome 21 and one QTL on chromosome 18. One QTL on chromosome 21 was at map position 168.6 (LOD 28.0) flanked by SSR markers, BNL 1551_162 and GH 132_199 at positions 154.2 and 177.3, respectively. A second QTL on chromosome 21 was at map position 182.7 (LOD 24.6) flanked by SSR markers BNL 4011_155 and BNL 3279_106 at positions 180.6 and 184.5, respectively. Our chromosome 21 map had 61 SSR markers covering 219 cM. One QTL with smaller genetic effects was localized to chromosome 18 at map position 39.6 (LOD 4.0) and flanked by SSR markers BNL 1721_178 and BNL 569_131 at positions 27.6 and 42.9, respectively. The two QTLs on chromosome 21 had significant additive and dominance effects, which were about equal for each QTL. The QTL on chromosome 18 showed larger additive than dominance effects. Following the precedent set by the naming of the G. longicalyx Hutchinson & Lee and G. aridum [(Rose & Standley) Skovsted] sources of resistance, we suggest the usage of Ren barb1 and Ren barb2 to designate these QTLs on chromosome 21 and Ren barb3 on chromosome 18.
X-ray structure and photoluminescence of copper(I) 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoate

Abstract This report describes synthesis, X-ray crystallographic characterization, and photoluminescence of copper(I) 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoate, [Cu(O2C(2,6-CF3)2C6H3)] (1). Complex 1 has a polymeric structure comprised of axially bound dinuclear [Cu2(O2C(2,6-CF3)2C6H3)2] units that is reminiscent of the well-known structure of copper(I) acetate, [Cu2(O2CMe)2] (2). However, a close comparison of two analogues revealed a non-planarity of 1D chains and their orthogonal disposition in the crystal structure of 1 versus parallel alignment of planar chains in 2. Complex 1 exhibits green photoluminescence at ca. 560 nm upon UV-radiation (λex = 350 nm) in the solid state.
The role of temporal and dynamic signal components in the perception of syllable-final stop voicing by children and adults

Adults whose native languages permit syllable-final obstruents, and show a vocalic length distinction based on the voicing of those obstruents, consistently weight vocalic duration strongly in their perceptual decisions about the voicing of final stops, at least in laboratory studies using synthetic speech. Children, on the other hand, generally disregard such signal properties in their speech perception, favoring formant transitions instead. These age-related differences led to the prediction that children learning English as a native language would weight vocalic duration less than adults, but weight syllable-final transitions more in decisions of final-consonant voicing. This study tested that prediction. In the first experiment, adults and children (eight and six years olds) labeled synthetic and natural CVC words with voiced or voiceless stops in final C position. Predictions were strictly supported for synthetic stimuli only. With natural stimuli it appeared that adults and children alike weighted syllable-offset transitions strongly in their voicing decisions. The predicted age-related difference in the weighting of vocalic duration was seen for these natural stimuli almost exclusively when syllable-final transitions signaled a voiced final stop. A second experiment with adults and children (seven and five years old) replicated these results for natural stimuli with four new sets of natural stimuli. It was concluded that acoustic properties other than vocalic duration might play more important roles in voicing decisions for final stops than commonly asserted, sometimes even taking precedence over vocalic duration.
Modeling fracture of resin matrix composites

Characteristics of the fracture of resin matrix fibrous composites are discussed with emphasis on the physical parameters influencing fracture and the requirements of a suitable model for predicting crack growth. The influences of notch geometry, fiber orientation, specimen geometry, and far field loading on crack growth in unidirectional resin matrix composites are discussed. The normal stress ratio theory is reviewed and its applicability for crack initiation in unidirectional resin matrix composites is considered. Experimental results from a variety of tests on resin matrix composites are reviewed and compared with theoretical predictions. It is shown that the normal stress ratio theory correctly predicts the initiation site and direction of crack growth from an existing notch. Predictions of critical stress are less consistent being quite accurate in some cases, but less accurate in others.
The nucleotide sequence preceding and including the beginning of the ilvE gene of the ilvGEDA operon of Escherichia coli K12

The DNA sequence of the 570 base pairs that precedes and includes the beginning of the ilvE gene shows no evidence of a leader-attenuator region. Instead, the sequence shows that the ilvE gene is preceded by another structural gene, presumably the normally cryptic ilvG gene. In vitro transcription of the two plasmids (pLC26-3 and pRL5) containing the regulatory region of the ilvEDA operon results in the formation of two "leader" RNAs. These results are consistent with the suggestion that the ilvEDA operon is regulated by an attenuator mechanism and that the attenuator region lies before the ilvG gene.
ErbB/EGF Signaling and EMT in Mammary Development and Breast Cancer

Activation of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases via cognate Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like peptide ligands constitutes a major group of related signaling pathways that control proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. In this respect, clinical trials with various ErbB receptor blocking antibodies and specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors have proven to be partially efficacious in the treatment of this heterogeneous disease. Induction of an embryonic program of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer, whereupon epithelial tumor cells convert to a more mesenchymal-like phenotype, facilitates the migration, intravasation, and extravasation of tumor cells during metastasis. Breast cancers which exhibit properties of EMT are highly aggressive and resistant to therapy. Activation of ErbB signaling can regulate EMT-associated invasion and migration in normal and malignant mammary epithelial cells, as well as modulating discrete stages of mammary gland development. The purpose of this review is to summarize current information regarding the role of ErbB signaling in aspects of EMT that influence epithelial cell plasticity during mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. How this information may contribute to the improvement of therapeutic approaches in breast cancer will also be addressed.
EXOGENOUS SURFACTANT PREPARATION INITIATES SINGLE CHANNEL CURRENT FLOW IN ARTIFICAL LIPID BILAYERS. † 2047

EXOGENOUS SURFACTANT PREPARATION INITIATES SINGLE CHANNEL CURRENT FLOW IN ARTIFICAL LIPID BILAYERS. † 2047
Fed-batch fermentation and supercritical fluid extraction of heterotrophic microalgal Chlorella protothecoides lipids.

Abstract Lipids obtained from Chlorella protothecoides in heterotrophic cultivation are considered a suitable feedstock for biodiesel production. In this study, glucose fed-batch fermentation was performed to increase final biomass and lipid production. The biomass productivity and lipid productivity were 6.28 and 2.06 g/L day, respectively. Biomass/glucose conversion and the lipid/glucose conversion were 43.3% and 14.2%, respectively. Extraction of lipids from algae has been identified as a key bottleneck in bioprocessing operations. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) was applied for neutral lipids extraction and the SC-CO 2 kinetics was investigated by the Goto et al. model. The modeling showed a good fit with experimental data. Additionally, neutral lipids extracted by SC-CO 2 displayed a suitable fatty acid profile for biodiesel [mainly C18:1 (60.0%), C18:2 (18.7%) and C16:0 (11.5%)]. Our study demonstrated the ability to produce high levels of neutral lipids through heterotrophic algal culture and subsequent extraction of lipids with SC-CO 2 method developed.
Principles of problem solving

Changed paradigms of human thought are needed to adapt modes of computer problem solving and truth to evolving computational technology.
Use of the Clark-Madison Test of Oral Language with the hearing-impaired: a content validity and comparative study.

Abstract This study examined the content validity of the Clark-Madison Test of Oral Language (CMTOL) as a measure of nonwritten expressive language with hearing-impaired children. Twenty severely hearing-impaired children were administered the CMTOL using total communication. All test administrations were considered valid. The content of the test was generally found to be valid. The content validity of selected items is discussed. A comparison of the performance of the hearing-impaired to a group of normal-hearing respondents revealed a different profile of strengths and weakness than did intragroup analysis.
Prostaglandin E2 antagonizes gingival fibroblast proliferation stimulated by interleukin-1β

Treatment of human gingival fibroblasts with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) resulted in significant concentration-dependent inhibition in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis (8.40-37.89%), while indomethacin (INDO) (PG inhibitor), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) or IL-1 beta+INDO caused a significant and dose-dependent increase in DNA synthesis. Addition of PGE2 to culture media containing IL-1 beta and INDO caused a significant concentration-dependent reduction in IL-1 beta- and INDO-induced stimulation of DNA synthesis. The findings suggest that IL-1 beta and PGE2, which are also produced by fibroblasts, could play an important role in regulation of gingival tissue development and wound healing, and their modulation may have therapeutic potential.
Expression of nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and apoptosis in loose total hip replacements.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an effector molecule associated with inflammation, immune function, bone metabolism, and the induction of apoptosis. This study examined the role of NO, peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), and apoptosis in cases of revision total hip replacements (THRs). We hypothesized that apoptosis and excess production of NO contribute to the inflammatory reaction to orthopedic biomaterial wear debris that is associated with loosening and osteolysis. Periprosthetic membranous specimens were collected from revised cemented acetabular components with simple loosening and ballooning osteolysis. Synovial samples from patients undergoing primary THR were used as controls. The presence of macrophages (CD68(+)) and levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (EcNOS), ONOO(-) (Nitro, assayed by the amount of nitrated tyrosine residues), and apoptosis (TUNEL staining) were examined using immunohistochemistry. Increased expression for INOS, EcNOS, and ONOO(-) in both the loose/osteolytic and the loose/non-osteolytic groups was observed when compared to the synovium group. There were no significant differences between the loose/osteolytic group and loose/non-osteolytic group for these biologic markers. TUNEL staining showed a significant increase in apoptosis in the loose/osteolytic group compared to the loose/non-osteolytic group and synovial tissues. These findings suggest that NO and NO-derived molecules, such as ONOO(-), may be involved in sustaining the foreign-body reaction to wear debris. NO and ONOO(-) may prove to be useful markers of prosthetic loosening whereas apoptosis may be a marker distinguishing ballooning from simple osteolysis.
Synthesis of a docosapeptide comprising the hydrophobic membrane spanning region of glycophorin A.

The docosapeptide which constitutes the membrane spanning region (amino acid residues 73-94) of the human red blood cell protein glycophorin A has been synthesized. This may be the first example of the synthesis of the entire membrane embedded domain of a membrane spanning protein. Three fully protected fragments were prepared by stepwise elongation using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and p-nitrophenyl ester activation of N alpha-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl amino acids. The three fragments represent amino acid residues 73-79, 80-86, and 87-94 in the sequence of glycophorin A and contain a large proportion of valine, leucine, and isoleucine residues but contain no amino acids with ionizable side chain functional groups. The three fragments were condensed using both the azide method and the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide method to give fully protected docosapeptide. Benzyl groups protecting the side chains of the docosapeptide were removed by prolonged hydrogenolysis to give the desired product N alpha-tert.-butyloxycarbonyldocosapeptide ethyl ester. High resolution proton n.m.r. spectra of the protected fragments in 100% deuterochloroform showed all resonances to be broadened with the amide resonances broadened beyond recognition. In perdeuterodimethylsulfoxide all resonances were relatively sharp with all amide resonances visible and showing coupling constants of 7-8 Hz. Solvent titration of the proton spectra of two of the fragments from 100% perdeuterodimethylsulfoxide to 100% deuterochloroform demonstrated a transition to the broadened spectrum, accompanied by a decrease in the coupling constant of the amide protons (JNH-CH alpha) suggesting solvent dependent onset of intramolecular secondary structure, possibly accompanied by aggregation. A proton n.m.r. spectrum of the docosapeptide in perdeuterodimethylsulfoxide shows a few resolved amide resonances with coupling constants of 7-9 Hz. Solvent titration with perdeuterochloroform again suggests a transition to a rigid intramolecular secondary structure.
Anchoring the Panic Disorder Severity Scale

The Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) is a clinician-administered measure of panic disorder symptom severity widely used in clinical research. This investigation sought to provide clinically meaningful anchor points for the PDSS both in terms of clinical severity as measured by the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) and to extend its clinical meaningfulness by examining its association with quality of life. A total of 63 individuals with a primary diagnosis of panic disorder were assessed on completion of a 6- or 8-week psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy trial for the treatment of panic disorder. As expected, the PDSS was correlated with both the CGI-S and quality of life. These results provide further support for the validity and clinical utility of the PDSS and provide simple anchors to help guide the potential use of the PDSS scale to measure treatment progress in clinical practice.
“You Just Don’t See Enough Normal”: Critical Perspectives on Infant-Feeding Discourse and Practice

Building on Herndl’s concept of critical practice, this article presents a case study of attempts to change the discourse practices surrounding breast-feeding in today’s medical environment. To complicate readers’ understanding of rhetorical agency, resistance, and discursive change, the author considers the rhetorical efforts of two high-profile physicians alongside those of the nonphysician breast-feeding advocates she interviewed. Ultimately, this dual perspective shows that discursive efforts to change medical practices can fail, even when supported by powerful figures within the medical establishment, if the new ideas communicated in such efforts conflict with long-established material conditions.
Deconstructing the “stakes” in high stakes gatekeeping interviews: Battered women and narration

While gatekeeping encounters imply risk in as much as the gatekeeper acts as an actuary who controls entry into desired spaces and/or access to necessary resources, this article examines some of the less obvious stakes that are put at risk in gatekeeping encounters. Through a discourse analysis, Latina women narrators, in the context of producing testimony in the high stakes gatekeeping encounter of the protective order interview, are shown to put at risk: (1) both their positive and negative face; (2) their ability to control constructions of their identity; (3) their credibility and sincerity as perceived by interviewers, members of their community or even the public at large; and (4) their control over their case. I discuss how these concepts are related to the "second assault" or "victim-blaming" that survivors sometimes report to find within sociolegal settings. To know what it means to "advocate" for battered women, it is necessary to understand the more obscure dangers involved in narrating taboo subjects.
THREE COMPARATIVE MAPS OF THE HUMAN

. This article is a response to the 1994 Star Island conference on the “Decade of the Brain” from a Jewish perspective. After a brief introduction about the logical function of models and maps, I compare and contrast three models of the human: Ezekiel's vision of the chariot in the Hebrew Scriptures, Franz Rosenzweig's geometry of the human face in Der Stern der Erlosung (the Star of Redemption), and a standard anatomical picture of the human brain. Whereas Rosenzweigs face is seen to be compatible with Ezekiel's chariot, both are seen to be radically distinct from the implicit conception of what a human being is in modern medical science. I conclude with a suggestion that the differences are to be understood in terms of their different intended functions and express my hope for some new kind of model that will incorporate the functional advantages of both.
The Human Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme, UBE2E3, Is Required for Proliferation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Purpose Cell cycle progression is governed by the coordinated activities of kinases, phosphatases, and the ubiquitin system. The entire complement of ubiquitin pathway components that mediate this process in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells remains to be identified. This study was undertaken to determine whether the human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, UBE2E3, is essential for RPE cell proliferation.
Effect of storage temperature on storage losses of Russet Burbank potatoes

Three storage trials involving Idaho-grown Russet Burbank potatoes showed that storage at 45 F resulted in less weight loss than storage at 38 or 52 F. Unwashed potatoes stored at 45 F had less storage loss throughout a 345-day storage period than tubers from the same source stored at 38 or 52 F. Washed tubers destined for the fresh market and treated with various inhibitors in April had less loss after 90 days of storage at 45 F than at 38, 52, or 59 F, but after 130 days of storage, 38 F showed the least loss. Washed and unwashed potatoes stored at 45 F in CIPC treated bags for 92 days showed less loss than those stored at 38, 52, 59, or 68 F.
Development of a rotary inchworm piezoelectric motor

The development of a rotary inchworm-motor using piezoelectric actuators is presented. The motor design has the advantage of a macro and micro stepper motor with high torque and speed. The design is capable of fast angular positioning with micro level accuracy. The rotary motor, as designed, can also be used as a clutch/brake mechanism. A constructed prototype motor along with its characteristics are presented. The motor consists of a torsional section that provides angular displacement and torque, and two alternating clamping sections which provide the holding force. The motor relies on the principal piezoelectric coupling coefficient (d33) with no torsional piezoelectric elements used. The design eliminates bending moment and shear applied to the actuator elements, increasing its torque capability. An innovative flexure design has been introduced, and consideration has been given to contact elements which affect the performance of the motor; these issues are explored and discussed. Experiments are performed demonstrating a motor prototype based on the aforementioned design considerations.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The NCI Biomedical Imaging Program: five-year progress report.

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) established the Biomedical Imaging Program (BIP) in October 1996 with David Bragg, MD, as the first acting director. Daniel C. Sullivan, MD, became the first full-time director in September 1997. During the subsequent 5-year period, the number of full-time staff members has grown from two in 1996 to 21 in 2001. The total amount of grant money administered by the BIP has expanded from $47 million in fiscal year 1996 to $126 million in fiscal year 2001. The staff members and administered grants are divided among four branches: the Diagnostic Imaging Branch, the Molecular Imaging Branch, the Image-guided Therapy Branch, and the Imaging Technology Development Branch. The overall activities of any institute within the National Institutes of Health can be thought of in terms of three general categories: application review, program development, and grants financial management. The BIP deals with the second of these categories, program development. The mission of the BIP is to promote and support outstanding basic, translational, and clinical research in the biomedical imaging sciences and technologies and to apply any new discoveries related to solving national health care needs, such as treatment for cancer. We seek to identify and exploit the most promising areas of science and technology that will lead, with the use of imaging, to better diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for cancer. We do this by several means: 1. Investigator-initiated research. BIP staff facilitates investigator-initiated research that has been identified as meritorious at the competitive peer-review process. When areas of particular importance are not being fully developed with the unaided investigator-initiated process, BIP staff conceptualizes and identifies special initiatives to target funds for specific purposes. Examples of these initiatives are the In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Centers (ICMICs) and the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN). 2. Directed research and development. In some cases, there are substantial obstacles that impede research and development of important devices or agents. We have begun to develop programs in which BIP staff will direct clinical trials or initiate other developmental steps necessary for the evaluation of devices or agents that are identified as potentially important for research or clinical needs. For example, a request for proposals has recently been announced for sites to perform, under contract, clinical trials of imaging agents. 3. Industrial collaborations. The imaging device and pharmaceutical (imaging agent) industries are major sources of innovation and product development. Therefore, BIP collaborates with companies when, in our judgment, promising new products would otherwise not be developed or would not develop as quickly or as adeAcad Radiol 2002; 9:122–125
Effect of organic surface agents on properties of hydrated cement compacts

This paper reports the treatment of bottle-hydrated portland cement with organosilanes, oleic acid and octadecylamine intended to reduce the sorption of water and the corresponding dimensional changes. Compacts were made from the treated hydrated cement powder to simulate cement paste and allow measurements of sorption-dimensional change characteristics and microhardness. It was found that organochlorosilanes are not suitable for the treatment because the HCl released during the reaction produced undesirable side effects and in some cases increased the adsorption and expansion of the cement. Hexamethyldisilazane was more effective, reducing odsorption by 10 to 20%. Oleic acid was effective at concentrations as high as 25% by weight, but serious loss in mechanical property of microhardness was experienced.
Molecular Mapping and Confirmation of QTLs Associated with Oleic Acid Content in N00-3350 Soybean

The fatty acid composition of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seed affects the fl avor, nutri- tional value, and stability of the oil. Increasing oleic acid content in soybean oil would reduce the need for hydrogenation, a process that cre- ates unhealthy trans fatty acids. The objective of this study was to map and confi rm the areas of the soybean genome associated with oleic acid content from the soybean line N00-3350 (~583 g kg -1 oleic acid) using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. An F 2:3 population of 259 lines from the cross of G99-G725 × N00-3350 was used as a mapping population, and an F 2:3 population of 231 lines from the cross of G99- G3438 × N00-3350 was used for confi rmation. Using single-factor analysis of variance, interval mapping, and composite interval mapping, six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for oleic acid content were found on linkage groups LG-A1 (Satt211, R 2 = 4%), LG-D2 (Satt389, R 2 = 6%), LG-G (Satt394, R 2 = 13%), LG-G (Satt191, R 2 = 7%), LG-L (Satt418, R 2 = 9%), and LG-L (Satt561, R 2 = 25%) in the G99-G725 × N00-3350 population. All six QTLs for oleic acid were confi rmed in the G99- 3438 × N00-3350 population. The designations cqOle-001, cqOle-002, cqOle-003, cqOle-004, cqOle-005, and cqOle-006 have been assigned to these confi rmed QTLs by the Soybean Genet- ics Committee. The identifi cation of SSR markers linked to the oleic acid QTLs will facilitate the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in soybean breeding programs to increase the oleic acid content in soybean seed.
Coverage of confidence intervals based on conditional probability

We consider the Roe-Woodroofe construction of confidence intervals for the case of a Poisson distributed variate, where the mean is the sum of a known background and an unknown non-negative signal. The RW construction is based on a conditional pdf and posseses conditional coverage such that the intervals contain the true value of the signal with prescribed probability only for subsets of the full set of repeated experiments. The intervals do not have coverage in the usual sense but can be made to have such with a modification that does not affect the believability and other desirable features of this attractive construction. A similar modification can be used to provide coverage to a recently discussed application of this method to the gaussian-with-boundary problem. In both cases the result is equivalent to a construction in which the defining contour is the bayesian upper limit (uniform prior) for observations near the physical bound and the bayesian (or frequentist) central confidence interval asymptotically.
Reagent Residues of DMEU on Cotton Fabric as a Function of Pad-Bath pH and Storage Period of the Treated Fabric

The effect of pad-bath pH and storage of padded fabric on the stability of DMEU was investigated. In addition to the expected demethylolation products, MMEU and EU, other oligomeric/polymeric materials were generated. Since the latter were not quantifiable by liquid chromatography, they were measured by nitrogen analysis. Some of the oligomeric residues were water soluble and were extracted along with the DMEU, MMEU, and EU, while others were water insoluble and remained on the fabric. When padded from a bath of pH 6-10, DMEU was stable on the fabric for about two days. As pH was decreased from 6 to 3, formation of water-soluble oligomers and water-insoluble polymers increased significantly. At pH 10, even after 15 days, no oligomer/polymer was observed as the total residue was accounted for by the DMEU, MMEU, and EU. Differences between DMEU and DMDHEU under similar pH and storage conditions are discussed.
On the molecular structure of receptors for co-carcinogens and some anti-cancer drugs.

Abstract (1) A general theory of the molecular structure of receptors published previously is adapted to the problem of prostaglandin (PG) receptors. (2) On a basis of the molecular structure of PGs a tentative ‘model receptor’ in protein is specified. (3) We have discovered that other biologically active agents are also complementary to this molecular structure. (4) Possible naturally occurring PG agonists comprise the so-called violent cathartics (e.g. rhein, ricinoleic acid, emodin, chrysophanic acid, colocynthin, gambogic acid and others) and the co-carcinogens anthralin and phorbol myristate acetate. (5) Possible naturally occurring PG antagonists comprise the anti-tumor agents maytansine, acromycine, datiscoside, hellebriginin 3-acetate, hymenoflorin and mycophenolic acid. (6) Experiments to test the hypothesis are suggested.
Drift parameter estimation for a reflected fractional Brownian motion based on its local time

We consider a drift parameter estimation problem when the state process is a reflected fractional Brownian motion (RFBM) with a nonzero drift parameter and the observation is the associated local time process. The RFBM process arises as the key approximating process for queueing systems with long-range dependent and self-similar input processes, where the drift parameter carries the physical meaning of the surplus service rate and plays a central role in the heavy-traffic approximation theory for queueing systems. We study a statistical estimator based on the cumulative local time process and establish its strong consistency and asymptotic normality.
Identification of antibody in beta 2-globulins of mouse serum and ascitic fluid.

MICE given intraperitoneal injections of antigen–adjuvant mixture1–3 produce large amounts of ascitic fluid which contains specific antibodies. Inbred AKR mice injected intraperitoneally with isologous tumour cell fragments in modified Freund's adjuvant developed large amounts of peritoneal fluid which contained specific cytotoxic and neutralizing antibodies2,4. These observations had immediate practical importance since immunological studies have been limited by the small amount of antiserum obtainable from each mouse. Since little or no information on the biophysical properties of mouse ascitic fluid is available, an investigation was made of its electrophoretic and immunological characteristics.
Dielectric fluid in inhomogeneous pulsed electric field

We consider the dynamics of a compressible fluid under the influence of electrostrictive ponderomotive forces in strong inhomogeneous nonstationary electric fields. It is shown that if the fronts of the voltage rise at a sharp, needlelike electrode are rather steep (less than or about nanoseconds), the region of negative pressure arises, which can reach values at which the fluid loses its continuity with the formation of cavitation ruptures. If the voltage on the electrode is not large enough or the front is flatter, the cavitation in the liquid does not occur. However, a sudden shutdown of the field results in a reverse flow of liquid from the electrode, which leads to appearance of negative pressure, and, possibly, cavitation.
Computational holographic 3D imaging for object recognition and classification

Object recognition and identification is one of essential parts for Homeland Security. There have been numerous researches dealing with object recognition using two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) imaging. In this paper, we address 3D object classification with computational holographic imaging. A 3D object can be reconstructed at different planes using a single hologram. We apply Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Fisher Linear Discriminant (FLD) analysis based on Gabor-wavelet feature vectors to classify 3D objects measured by digital interferometry. The presented technique substantially reduces the dimensionality of the 3D classification problem. Experimental and simulation results are presented for regional filtering concentrated at specific positions, and for overall grid filtering.
Deep Entomophthora Phycomycotic Infection Reported for the First Time in the United States

A mediastinal phycomycotic infection in a Caucasian infant caused by Entomophthora was confirmed by culture and histologic examination of biopsy material. The patient had heart failure resulting from the invasive mediastinal mass, eosinophilia, and hyperglobulinemia. Unlike other cases of Entomophthora disease, usually confined to subcutaneous areas and limited to the tropics, this present case involved a deep infection in a patient who lived in a temperate zone. The disease was amenable to amphotericin B therapy.
Identity of Monomorium occidaneum Crawley, a species inquirenda, and status of Monomorium micron Crawley (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Because the original type material has been made available, Monomorium occidaneum Crawley, a species inquirenda in Heterick's revision of the Australian Monomorium, can now be regarded as a junior synonym of Monomorium leae Forel. In addition, the status of a primary type specimen of Monomorium micron Crawley cited in the same publication is altered from ‘holotype’ to ‘syntype’. This specimen has now been designated a lectotype to ensure stability of the name.
Sex, status, and reproductive success in the contemporary United States

This paper reexamines the relationship between status and reproductive success (at the ultimate and proximate levels) using data on sex frequency and number of biological children from representative samples of the U.S. population. An ordered probit analysis of data from the 1989–2000 General Social Survey (GSS) shows that high-income men report greater frequency of sex than all others do. An OLS regression of data from the 1994 GSS shows that high-income men have more biological children than do low-income men and high-income women. Furthermore, more educated men have more biological children than do more educated women. Results also show that intelligence decreases the number of offspring and frequency of sex for both men and women.
Experimental characterization of adhesion between micro-size polymer particles and silicon substrates

Understanding the adhesion between a micro/nano-size particle and a substrate is of both scientific and technological interest. Recently we developed a rolling resistance moment based particle adhesion characterization technique. The particle-substrate adhesion was deduced from the response of the adhered particle to a lateral pushing force. With a custom-made nanomanipulator, lateral pushing tests on microsize polymer spheres were performed in the vacuum chamber of a scanning electron microscope and also in the ambient environment. An increasing lateral force was applied to the micro-particle, and the displacement of the particle in response to the lateral force was recorded. From the force-displacement relationship, the work of adhesion between the particle and the substrate was obtained. Experimental results were compared with the available data, and good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experimental values was found.
Effect of pyridine aldoximes on response of frog rectus muscle to acetylcholine

The effects of pyridine-2, 3- and 4-aldoxime methiodide (PAM) on the isotonic contracture of the isolated frog rectus abdominis muscle elicited by acetylcholine have been studied. The potentiation to acetylcholine resulting from incubation with PAM isomers is reversible and may be related to the weak anticholinesterase property of these compounds. Concentrations of the isomers higher than those needed for maximal potentiation produce a reversible block of the muscle to acetylcholine. pH studies suggest that cations are responsible for the potentiating and blocking properties of the PAM isomers.
The Lived Experiences of Evangelical Christian Men Who Self-Identify as Sexual Addicts: An Existential-Phenomenological Study

This existential-phenomenological investigation examines the lived experiences of evangelical Christian men who self-identify as sexual addicts. Individual interviews and follow-up individual interviews of six self-identified evangelical male sexual addicts were analyzed. The results of the study indicate that the male evangelical self-identified sexual addict lives through compartmentalized worlds. Only through the forced convergence of these spaces due to exposure along with the risk of extreme consequences do self-identified evangelical men surrender to change. After surrendering to change, these men willingly grasp the concept of sexual addiction, an identity that gives them a sense of relief. A growing dependence on a recovery program emerges along with a necessary and renewed reliance, appreciation, and understanding of God. The findings of this investigation illuminate the need for counselors to recognize the inextricable link between evangelicals and their relationship with God.
Endogenous U2·U5·U6 snRNA complexes in S. pombe are intron lariat spliceosomes

Excision of introns from pre-mRNAs is mediated by the spliceosome, a multi-megadalton complex consisting of U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 snRNPs plus scores of associated proteins. Spliceosome assembly and disassembly are highly dynamic processes involving multiple stable intermediates. In this study, we utilized a split TAP-tag approach for large-scale purification of an abundant endogenous U2·U5·U6 complex from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. RNAseq revealed this complex to largely contain excised introns, indicating that it is primarily ILS (intron lariat spliceosome) complexes. These endogenous ILS complexes are remarkably resistant to both high-salt and nuclease digestion. Mass spectrometry analysis identified 68, 45, and 43 proteins in low-salt-, high-salt-, and micrococcal nuclease-treated preps, respectively. The protein content of a S. pombe ILS complex strongly resembles that previously reported for human spliced product (P) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ILS complexes assembled on single pre-mRNAs in vitro. However, the ATP-dependent RNA helicase Brr2 was either substoichiometric in low-salt preps or completely absent from high-salt and MNase preps. Because Brr2 facilitates spliceosome disassembly, its relative absence may explain why the ILS complex accumulates logarithmically growing cultures and the inability of S. pombe extracts to support in vitro splicing.
Finite element modeling reveals complex strain mechanics in the aponeuroses of contracting skeletal muscle.

A finite element model was used to investigate the counter-intuitive experimental observation that some regions of the aponeuroses of a loaded and contracting muscle may shorten rather than undergo an expected lengthening. The model confirms the experimental findings and suggests that pennation angle plays a significant role in determining whether regions of the aponeuroses stretch or shorten. A smaller pennation angles (25°) was accompanied by aponeurosis lengthening whereas a larger pennation angle (47°) was accompanied by mixed strain effects depending upon location along the length of the aponeurosis. This can be explained by the Poisson effect during muscle contraction and a Mohr’s circle analogy. Constant volume constraint requires that fiber cross sectional dimensions increase when a fiber shortens. The opposing influences of these two strains upon the aponeurosis combine in proportion to the pennation angle. Lower pennation angles emphasize the influence of fiber shortening upon the aponeurosis and thus favor aponeurosis compression, whereas higher pennation angles increase the influence of cross sectional changes and therefore favor aponeurosis stretch. The distance separating the aponeuroses was also found to depend upon pennation angle during simulated contractions. Smaller pennation angles favored increased aponeurosis separation larger pennation angles favored decreased separation. These findings caution that measures of the mechanical properties of aponeuroses in intact muscle may be affected by contributions from adjacent muscle fibers and that the influence of muscle fibers on aponeurosis strain will depend upon the fiber pennation angle.
Design of a compact coaxial magnetized plasma gun for magnetic bubble expansion experiments

The design of a compact coaxial magnetized plasma gun and its associated hardware systems are discussed in detail. The plasma gun is used for experimental studies of magnetic bubble expansion into a lower pressure background plasma as a laboratory model for extragalactic radio lobe expansion into the interstellar medium. The gun is powered by a 120µF, 10kV ignitron-switched capacitor bank. High-pressure gas is puffed into an annular gap between inner and outer coaxial electrodes. The applied high voltage ionizes the gas and creates a radial current sheet. The ∼100kA discharge current generates toroidal flux and poloidal flux is provided by an external bias magnetic field. Axial J×B force then ejects plasma out of the gun. If the J×B force exceeds the magnetic tension of the poloidal flux by a sufficient amount then a detached magnetized plasma bubble will be formed. Using a multi-tip Langmuir probe array, a high speed camera and a B-dot probe array, the evolution of this plasma “bubble” as it interacts with pre-existing low pressure background plasma, is studied. In particular, details of the plasma bubble formation system including the main gun cap-bank power system, gas valve control system, bias flux cap-bank power system, and experimental data are provided.
Evolution of genome size and complexity in Pinus.

Background: Genome evolution in the gymnosperm lineage of seed plants has given rise to many of the most complex and largest plant genomes, however the elements involved are poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings: Gymny is a previously undescribed retrotransposon family in Pinus that is related to Athila elements in Arabidopsis. Gymny elements are dispersed throughout the modern Pinus genome and occupy a physical space at least the size of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. In contrast to previously described retroelements in Pinus, the Gymny family was amplified or introduced after the divergence of pine and spruce (Picea). If retrotransposon expansions are responsible for genome size differences within the Pinaceae, as they are in angiosperms, then they have yet to be identified. In contrast, molecular divergence of Gymny retrotransposons together with other families of retrotransposons can account for the large genome complexity of pines along with protein-coding genic DNA, as revealed by massively parallel DNA sequence analysis of Cot fractionated genomic DNA. Conclusions/Significance: Most of the enormous genome complexity of pines can be explained by divergence of retrotransposons, however the elements responsible for genome size variation are yet to be identified. Genomic resources for Pinus including those reported here should assist in further defining whether and how the roles of retrotransposons differ in the evolution of angiosperm and gymnosperm genomes.
Spheres, cubes and boxes: Graph dimensionality and network structure

Abstract This is an examination of a set of dimensional conceptions of graphs that might be used to shed light on the structural complexity of social networks. Problems of characterizing various conceptions are explored and computational methods are reviewed.