cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Variability on a Zonally Symmetric Land Planet

Abstract Atmospheric variability an a zonally symmetric planet in the absence of external forcing anomalies is studied. With idealized boundary conditions such as the absence of ocean and topography, and by using perpetual equinox solar forcing, a 15-year long stationary time series of the atmosphere is simulated with the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM0). This provides sufficient time samples for realistic study of the properties of the atmosphere. Zonally averaged and space-time statistics for the surface air temperature field on this planet are presented. Such statistics can serve as noise climatologies for climate sensitivity experiments, allowing the effects of changes of external forcing on the atmosphere to be asssessed. In search of a simple statistical model for atmospheric variability, the space-time spectra obtained from the CCM simulation are fitted statistically with a stochastic energy balance model. The space-time spectra for three zonal wavenumbers are found to be fitted satisfactorily b...
A broad-band short-pulse plasma diagnostic technique for measuring electroacoustic resonances

A method is described for obtaining the frequency-dependent amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficient of a plasma electron density profile. This is accomplished by measuring the response of the plasma to a fast-rising voltage pulse. The waveform of the pulse is Fourier transformed using a small computer.
The Analysis of Rod Derivatives of an Unstable Ring Chromosome of Drosophila Melanogaster.

In contrast to those of corn, the ring chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster are, with one exception, relatively stable. This exceptional Drosophila ring, called wVC, is derived from a stable ring-X chromosome, and its instability is manifested through the frequent production of gynandromorphs, XO males, and dominant lethals among prospective wuc/rod progeny. It has been proposed that these manifestations of wvC instability are a consequence of anaphase bridge formation by the wvc chromosome, whereby gynandromorphs and XO males arise from bridge loss, and dominant lethals owe their origin to bridge breakage (HINTON 1955). Since the work of RICCLINTOCK (1938) and SCHWARTZ (1953) suggests that sister-strand exchange is responsible for anaphase bridge formation by the ring chromosomes of corn, it appears that the same process might be the cause of wVc instability. If this is true, the manifestations of instability should disappear upon conversion of the unstable wvc ring chromosome to a rod chromosome because ring structure is a prerequisite for anaphase bridge formation as a consequence of sister-strand exchange. Studies on rod-wUC chromosomes derived from unstable ring-wvc chromosomes, as will be described in this paper, show that these rods are unstable. Although the manifestations of instability by wuc rods are qualitatively different from those of the unstable ring-wvc chromosome, they nevertheless are capable of interpretation in terms of anaphase bridge formation.
How do we teach graphics with OpenGL

Recent changes in the OpenGL API have made a substantial impact on the way that we teach computer graphics. If an instructor wishes to teach using only non-deprecated API, it may require a major change in the course structure, and may also require additional supporting code to help students get started. This paper presents some thoughts regarding how to structure a computer graphics course using modern OpenGL, and presents a small, compact, and simple set of supporting tools called OpenGL Training Wheels (GLTW) to aid students when learning modern OpenGL.
An LSC epigenetic signature is largely mutation independent and implicates the HOXA cluster in AML pathogenesis

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is characterized by subpopulations of leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) that are defined by their ability to engraft in immunodeficient mice. Here we show an LSC DNA methylation signature, derived from xenografts and integration with gene expression that is comprised of 71 genes and identifies a key role for the HOXA cluster. Most of the genes are epigenetically regulated independently of underlying mutations, although several are downstream targets of epigenetic modifier genes mutated in AML. The LSC epigenetic signature is associated with poor prognosis independent of known risk factors such as age and cytogenetics. Analysis of early haematopoietic progenitors from normal individuals reveals two distinct clusters of AML LSC resembling either lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors or granulocyte/macrophage progenitors. These results provide evidence for DNA methylation variation between AML LSCs and their blast progeny, and identify epigenetically distinct subgroups of AML likely reflecting the cell of origin.
Dealing with Histories of Oppression: Black and Jewish Reactions to Passivity and Collaboration in William Styron's 'Confessions of Nat Turner' and Hannah Arendt's 'Eichmann in Jerusalem'

The Arendt and Styron episodes discussed here represented a kind of "critical race studies" avant le lettre. At a very inopportune time in the "civil rights moment" two important minority groups asserted a very particularist epistemology, one demanding empathy and narrative, among other restrictive devices, as prerequisites for judging both historical events and legal processes. The universalism, egalitarianism, and color-blindness of minority struggles came under siege. The Eichmann trial moved Jews toward a type of inward-directedness while the Nat Turner debate eroded integrationist impulses. Something was signalled by these episodes that later came to be manifest in the demands for affirmative action and holocaust studies. Not only did these two books generate similar controversies, but the two controversies actually intertwined. The "Nat Turner" episode played a notable role in the rapid deterioration of relations between Black and Jewish intellectuals after the Six Day War (of the same year), while the "Eichmann in Jerusalem" episode contributed to both a greater sense of confidence about Jewish life in America and to the perceived rightness of Israel. Jewish struggles and problems were thereby further distinguished from those of their erstwhile allies, the African-Americans.
Biology of Psyllaphycus diaphorinae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a Hyperparasitoid of Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

The biology and ecology of Psyllaphycus diaphorinae Hayat, a potential natural enemy of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is poorly understood. In April 2013, six P. diaphorinae females collected from Punjab, Pakistan emerged from parasitized Asian citrus psyllid nymphs in quarantine at the University of California, Riverside and were used to initiate colonies. Contrary to previous claims, P. diaphorinae was found to be an obligate hyperparasitoid and not a primary parasitoid attacking Asian citrus psyllid nymphs. P. diaphorinae was able to successfully reproduce on both Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam, and Agarwal) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) pupae, both primary parasitoids of Asian citrus psyllid. No reproduction on unparasitized Asian citrus psyllid nymphs was observed. D. aligarhensis appears to be a preferred host in comparison to T. radiata , as P. diaphorinae produced a higher number of offspring and a higher proportion of females on D. aligarhensis .
Development of A New Type of Rapid Sand Filters

A research program was initiated to design a rapid sand filter for water treatment in which the media would remain of uniform thickness indefinitely and could be cleaned easily under normal operating conditions, thereby permitting increased filtration rates. Tests indicated that the system should be hydraulically controlled by orifices in plates at the top of the filter rather than in the underdrain system. Conventional wash troughs and surface wash equipment are eliminated by such a system. On this basis, a 2-ft square unit or "module" was developed and operated as a pilot over a 3 yr period. Both the pilot plant and a later full size test model confirmed the earlier findings. Filters consisting of multiple units have been installed and successfully operated at municipal water treatment plants.
Food and habitat use by two sympatric Sciurus species in central Panama

L'etude porte sur Sc. granatensis et Sc. variegatoides. Leur regime presentent une grande difference ainsi que le choix de l'habitat
Legal Briefs: Iatrogenesis: Prolapsed Umbilical Cord After Artificial Rupture of the Membranes and Unskilled Stabilization

* Abbreviations: AROM, : artificial rupture of the membrane ETT, : endotracheal tube FP, : family practitioner HR, : heart rate PPHN, : pulmonary hypertension of the newborn PPV, : positive pressure ventilation A 3,530-g term infant was delivered to a 22-year-old G1P0 mother who had an unremarkable prenatal course. She smoked during pregnancy and had a placenta previa that resolved by mid-gestation. A family practitioner (FP) was the treating physician during pregnancy. He decided at 39 1/2 weeks’ gestation to induce because of “uterine irritability.” When asked during the deposition why he induced labor, he said that the mother complained of abdominal discomfort, and she was at high risk because of her smoking. The plaintiff obstetrician was critical of the decision to induce because a valid reason was lacking, in his opinion. The defense obstetrician countered by saying 39 weeks is an acceptable gestation to induce. The plaintiff obstetrician said it was very unlikely that a successful induction would occur because the mother was a prima gravida, the fetus was large, and the cervix was unfavorable. Induction was by dinoprostone, followed by oxytocin (Pitocin®, JHP Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Rochester, MI) augmentation. When the cervix was 70% effaced and 2 cm dilated, and the fetus was at a −2 station, the FP decided to rupture the membranes. A few minutes after artificial rupture of the membranes (AROMs), multiple severe variable decelerations occurred, and 8 minutes after AROMs a prolapsed cord was discovered; the fetal heart rate (HR) became 50 beats per minute. The plaintiff obstetrician was critical of the decision to rupture the membranes because the fetal head was not engaged. The FP defendant said that the head was “well applied” to the cervix. The defense obstetrician said that because the FP said the head was well applied to the cervix, it was within standard of care to perform AROM even if the head was not technically engaged. All agreed that engagement of the head meant that in cephalic presentations …
Distribution in Soil and Spring Moth Emergence of the Pink Bollworm Related to Various Tillage Practices

Larval distribution of the pink bollworm was determined by moth emergence from various soil depths at Yuma, AZ. In shredded check plots, 52.2 % of the emergence was calculated to arise from below 10 cm. A delay in spring emergence was as noted in the upper compared to lower soil strata. Total emergence was not signtficantly different where plots were plowed on Nov. 16 immediately after harvest or plowing was delayed to Dec. 12. However, there was a reduction in emergence occurring from the upper 10 cm in the immediate-plowed treatment.
Providing Services in an Intelligent Environment Conflict Management in Smart Home

Smart house aims to improve the lives of people by meeting their needs and providing them with the comfort and well-being they desire. On the other hand, it should ensure good energy management by controlling all equipment of home. And to do this, it must allow the delegation of service between these equipment, example, if the heating is down it is replaced with the air conditioner. But the residents of this house have not necessarily the same needs or the same vision of comfort, which often created conflicts. In the following, we propose a service conflict management for detecting and resolving conflicts of multi-users in a smart home. The conflict occurs when users access to the same service remotely via the Web or being in the house. We describe house's services and define the types of conflicts. Then we introduce the concept of the necessary and preferred profiles to resolve conflict.
Commercialization of OCT: Some Views on the Past, Present, and Future

This talk will review some of the history, current status, and speculate on what looks like a very exciting future for OCT.
Erythropoietin-stimulating agents: new data yield new insights.

In cancer patients, anemia is multifactorial, resulting from cancer treatment, anemia of malignancy, blood loss, impaired production of or response to erythropoietin, and dysregulation of iron metabolism (decreased dietary iron intake, absorption, and utilization). Clinical studies have found that erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs) increase hemoglobin (Hb) levels and reduce the need for blood transfusions by 40%, with ESA-treated patients receiving an average of 1 unit less of red blood cells (RBCs) than non-ESA-treated anemic cancer patients.
Pentobarbital-Induced Myocardial Stunning in Status Epilepticus Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction. Mild hypotension is a well-recognized complication of intravenous pentobarbital; however fulminant cardiopulmonary failure has not been previously reported. Case Report. A 28-year-old woman developed pentobarbital-induced cardiopulmonary failure that was successfully treated with maximal medical management including arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. She made an excellent cardiopulmonary and neurological recovery. Discussion and Conclusion. Pentobarbital is underrecognized as a potential cause of myocardial stunning. The mechanism involves direct myocardial depression and inhibition of autonomic neuroanatomical structures including the medulla and hypothalamus. Early recognition and implementation of aggressive cardiopulmonary support are essential to optimize the likelihood of a favorable outcome.
The Bone Health Team: A Team-Based Approach to Improving Osteoporosis Care for Primary Care Patients.

Background: Significant improvements in secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures have been noted with fracture liaison services. However, similar models for the primary prevention of such fractures have not been reported. Objective: To determine the impact of a Bone Health Team (BHT) on osteoporosis screening and treatment rates in U.S. veterans in primary care practices. Design: Historical cohort study of a primary care–based intervention of a BHT from February 2013 to February 2015. Setting: Community-based outpatient clinics of the Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Health Care System. Participants: Men aged 70 years and older and women aged 65 years and older. Intervention: Enrollment in the BHT. Measurements: Rates of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) completion, chart diagnosis of osteoporosis or osteopenia, completion of vitamin D measurement, and initiation of fracture reducing medication. Results: Our cohort consisted of 7644 individuals, 975 of whom were exposed to the BHT and 6669 of wh...
Adiabatic Spray Vaporization with Droplet Temperature Transient

Abstract Abstract – Adiabatic spray vaporization is investigated by analyzing the coupled problem of the vaporization of an ensemble of droplets in a gaseous medium whose properties are continuously being modified by the vaporization process. A criterion on the mixture properties for achieving complete spray vaporization is established. By further showing that the droplet emperature rapidly approaches a constant, characteristic, value after vaporization is initiated, simplified solutions are obtained for the transport of monodisperse, as well as polydisperse, sprays in quasi-one-dimensional chambers.
Financial Reporting and Product Markets: Learning from Competitors

Financial reporting influences competing firms by revealing information about efficient organization. It therefore plays an important role in product markets, in addition to its well-known role in share, debt and labor markets. The paper investigates the relation between the cost of disclosure and degree of competition. The model indicates that as the degree of competition intensifies the cost of disclosure rises at first but then it starts to decline and becomes almost flat with respect to the degree of competition. This relation does not vary significantly when the model is extended to include cost uncertainty (regardless of whether the reporting decision was made ex post or ex ante). However, in an ex post setting including both cost uncertainty and learning between competitors, the relation between reporting decisions and degree of competition is positive (excluding the case of monopolies). The model further suggests that publication of financial reports increases social welfare. The paper briefly explores additional implications of its approach to proprietary costs, such as the relation between disclosure, development of capital markets and investment decisions.
Older Adults' Health Care Utilization a Year After Experiencing Fear or Distress from Hurricane Sandy.

ObjectiveTo determine whether self-reports of disaster-related psychological distress predict older adults’ health care utilization during the year after Hurricane Sandy, which hit New Jersey on October 29, 2012.MethodsRespondents were from the ORANJ BOWL Study, a random-digit dialed sample from New Jersey recruited from 2006 to 2008. Medicare hospital, emergency department (ED) and outpatient claims data from 2012 and 2013 were matched to 1607 people age 65 and older in 2012 who responded to follow-up surveys conducted from July 2013 to July 2015 to determine their hurricane-related experiences.ResultsIn total, 7% (107) of respondents reported they experienced a lot versus 93% (1493) respondents reported they experienced little or no fear and distress from Hurricane Sandy. Those who experienced a lot versus little or no fear and distress had higher probability of all-cause hospital admissions and more ED visits through 3 months (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.03-4.63; incidence ratio [IR]: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.21-5.35), and ED and outpatient visits (IR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.44-3.37; IR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.02-1.87) through the year after the hurricane.ConclusionsA self-reported assessment of disaster-related psychological distress is a strong predictor of older adults’ health care needs the year after the disaster. The results indicate that disaster preparedness should extend beyond acute health care needs to address longer-term health consequences of disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:578–581)
Light on the path

Discerning the precise mechanisms of photocatalytic energy conversion has long been a challenge. A computational multiscale approach reveals insights into the reaction pathways and rate-limiting steps of the oxygen evolution reaction, the bottleneck for water splitting on TiO2 surfaces.
A carrier magnitude varying modulation for distributed static series compensator to achieve a maximum reactive power generating capability

Conventional single-phase H-bridge applications have second-order harmonic ripple power on the dc bus. However, in applications like a voltage source inverter (VSI) module of a Distributed Static Series Compensator (DSSC), a larger dc bus voltage fluctuation is acceptable since the dc bus connects to no load. This paper releases the constraints on dc bus voltage ripples so that the dc-bus capacitor can be fully utilized. Based on this idea, a carrier magnitude varying modulation is proposed, in which the VSI can generate ten times the reactive power of a conventional SPWM based VSI. The system reactive power generating capability is assessed to compare with the conventional SPWM based VSI and the constant duty cycle control based VSI. A PI controller is applied to the system to regulate the ac current. The analysis and design are validated by simulation and experiments.
Mechanical properties of large TiC-Mo-Ni cermet tiles

Abstract The mechanical properties of large, commercially produced plates of a 14 vol% nickel bonded TixMo1-xC cermet have been assessed in order to determine their viability for impact and structural applications. Keene et al. (Agnew et al., 2017 [ 6 ]) have recently characterized the phase fractions and composition, microstructure (particle size and contiguity), density, and residual stress. Samples tested in the as processed, stress relieved and hot isostatic pressed (HIP) conditions revealed no discernible trends with post-processing. Pulse-echo ultrasonic velocity measurements indicated the Young's and shear elastic moduli of the cermet to be 382 and 155 GPa respectively; consistent with Hill composite estimates. The combination of a moderately low theoretical density of 5520 kg/m3, combined with a high compressive strength of 2.7 GPa and fracture toughness of 16.1 ± 1.7 MPa m , indicated the material holds promise for some structural applications. However, the low bend strength of only 538 ± 109 MPa, combined a with a low Weibull modulus of approximately 6.3 were indicative of a highly stochastic material that seriously impedes its use in such applications. The random occurrence of large pockets of insufficient binder (a form of shrinkage porosity) between essentially spherical carbide particles contributed to the low Weibull modulus, but did not account for the low average flexural strength. Instead, a high carbide particle contiguity factor was shown to be responsible for the low local toughness and decrease of the critical flaw length to that of cracked carbide particle crack. The structure-property relationships shown to describe the present material were used to construct a graphical Pareto optimization map to examine the strength – toughness relationships of this material system as the hard particle diameter and volume fraction were varied. The development of improved processing approaches that reduce contiguity and porosity are necessary for this material to fulfill its significant potential.
Ultra-low loss silica core fiber for long haul transmission

We review recent advances in optical fiber technologies that realize ultra-low losses as low as 0.142 dB/km including pure-silica core and reduction of microscopic density fluctuation.
Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis Patients Refractory to or Intolerant of Standard Therapies

Autoimmune hepatitis is a progressive T cell-dependent inflammatory process characterized by elevated autoantibodies, serum globulins, and interface hepatitis. Pharmacologic treatment focuses on achievement of complete biochemical remission. The goal of this paper is to describe the unique features that guide treatment in difficult-to-control cases of autoimmune hepatitis. Recently published retrospective reviews have noted the efficacy of multiple second- and third-line agents in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. There has been no widely accepted approach regarding which agents to use in specific patient populations. This paper attempts to summarize recent evidence regarding treatment efficacy of second- and third-line therapies and addresses patient-specific considerations when deciding which therapies to choose.
Begleitpersonen während der Narkoseeinleitung von Kindern

There is a high level of evidence that parental presence during induction of anesthesia in children does not lead to a reduction of fear and better cooperation of the child. However, pediatric anesthetists often encounter the request of parents to be present during the induction of anesthesia which is current practice in many countries. This article explains the grounds and the premises for this practice and describes those factors which might be important to support parental presence during induction of anesthesia in children. Some practical advice and tips on how parental presence in the clinic can be practically implemented are given at the end of the article.
Ultrahigh-resolution LCDs with oxide semiconductor TFTs

Along with the development of liquid crystal displays, semiconductor technology for driving these screens has advanced dramatically. This chapter explains the latest technology, the oxide semiconductor thin-film transistor (TFT), and its display application. The oxide semiconductor TFT features low leakage current and high electron mobility, which are not found in conventional amorphous silicon (a-Si) and low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) semiconductors. These characteristics are effective for liquid crystal displays with high definition, a narrow frame and low power consumption, and the oxide semiconductor TFT is widely used in small high-definition displays such as smartphones up to large nextgeneration 8K TVs (7,680 × 4,320 pixel).
Fever and reversible laboratory abnormalities associated with prolonged use of piperacillin-tazobactam in children

Abstract Piperacillin-tazobactam is used frequently in pediatric patients with complicated appendicitis and other intra-abdominal infections. We report 10 pediatric patients who developed a piperacillin-tazobactam-associated adverse reaction characterized by fever, rash, hematologic abnormalities and transaminitis. Physicians should be aware of this entity in patients treated with a prolonged course of piperacillin-tazobactam. Prompt identification can obviate unnecessary diagnostic testing and treatment.
Innovative Telecommunications Training through Flexible Radio Platforms

The everchanging telecommunication industry is in severe need of a highly skilled workforce to shape and deploy future generation communication systems. This article presents innovative telecommunication training that is designed to satisfy this need. The training focuses on hardware layers of the open systems interconnection model. It integrates theory, numerical modeling, and hardware implementation to ensure complete and long-lasting understanding. The key telecommunication concepts that are covered in the fundamental training phase are detailed along with best teaching practices. In addition, methods that enrich the learning experience, such as gamified microtasks and interactive use of daily telecommunication devices, are featured. The project development case studies that cultivate creative thinking and scientific interest are highlighted. Also, a well-established guideline to compose the teaching environment that emphasizes hands-on experience is provided. Therefore, the presented training can be exemplary to other institutions that share the same mission to educate the distinguished engineers of the future.
Exploring substance use and mental health for minority transgender youth: Implications for advanced practice nurses.

BACKGROUND Transgender youth, particularly if they are transgender female and of a minority racial or ethnic group (i.e., minority transgender youth [MTY]), are known to have higher incidence of new HIV infections, substance abuse, and suicidality when compared with cisgender youth. Mental health disparities and substance use among MTY, between the ages of 13-24 years, have been underexplored in the United States, although they have serious public health concerns contributing to morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES To examine the US literature to discover what is known about the intersection of substance use, mental health disorders, and associated health risks for MTY. DATA SOURCES An integrative review exploring experimental and nonexperimental research was conducted from 2010 to 2018 using Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), PsycINFO, and PubMed. Articles were selected if the research identified MTY, mental health and/or substance use risks, data-driven outcomes, or considerations that could potentially influence MTY outcomes. Ten articles were included in the final selection. CONCLUSIONS All studies addressed mental health, substance use, and/or health risks, although many of the articles explored all transgender youth outcomes without a particular focus on MTY. Identified factors linked to poor health outcomes included socioeconomic vulnerability, substance use, mood disorders, self-harm, and risky sexual behaviors. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The authors have provided recommendations regarding culturally appropriate, compassionate, evidence-informed practices for engaging MTY and their families to promote greater well-being for all youth, regardless of gender identity.
Incidence of Corrective Procedures After Nonoperatively Managed Distal Radius Fractures in the Elderly.

Author(s): Satariano, Nicholas P; Lalchandani, Gopal R; Menchaca, Sarah E; Immerman, Igor | Abstract: Although the majority distal radius fractures in the elderly are initially managed nonoperatively, the true incidence of subsequent corrective surgery is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of corrective surgery after conservative management. Methods:ICD-9 and Current Procedural Terminology codes were queried from the Medicare 5% sample to select patients aged 65 years and older undergoing nonsurgical treatment of distal radius fractures with a minimum 5-year follow-up. Rates of subsequent ipsilateral wrist surgery were correlated against patient age, sex, geographic region, and initial closed reduction. Results:Five thousand eighty patients with a mean age of 78.3 years were included. Fifty-five patients (1.1%) had undergone subsequent wrist surgery at a median time of 182 days after injury. The youngest cohort (65 to 69 years) had a significantly higher operation rate (1.9%, P = 0.007) than the oldest cohort (80+ years) (0.5%, P = 0.004). There was no notable difference in corrective procedures between sex, geographic region, and initial closed reduction. Discussion:Once surgical intervention is deemed unnecessary per standard guidelines, the data support successful nonsurgical management in a large majority of patients but highlight a small subset of younger patients who remain at increased risk of requiring additional surgery.
A comprehensive logic-based model of the human immune system to study the dynamics responses to mono- and coinfections

The human immune system, which protects against pathogens and diseases, is a complex network of cells and molecules. The effects of complex dynamical interactions of pathogens and immune cells on the immune response can be studied using computational models. However, a model of the entire immune system is still lacking. Here, we developed a comprehensive computational model that integrates innate and adaptive immune cells, cytokines, immunoglobulins, and nine common pathogens from different classes of virus, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. This model was used to investigate the dynamics of the immune system under two scenarios: (1) single infection with pathogens, and (2) various medically relevant pathogen coinfections. In coinfections, we found that the order of infecting pathogens has a significant impact on the dynamics of cytokines and immunoglobulins. Thus, our model provides a tool to simulate immune responses under different dosage of pathogens and their combinations, which can be further extended and used as a tool for drug discovery and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the model provides a comprehensive and simulatable blueprint of the human immune system as a result of the synthesis of the vast knowledge about the network-like interactions of various components of the system.
A Statistical Analysis of Error in MPI Reduction Operations

This work explores the effects of nonassociativity of floating-point addition on Message Passing Interface (MPI) reduction operations. Previous work indicates floating-point summation error is comprised of two independent factors: error based on the summation algorithm and error based on the summands themselves. We find evidence to suggest, for MPI reductions, the error based on summands has a much greater effect than the error based on the summation algorithm. We begin by sampling from the state space of all possible summation orders for MPI reduction algorithms. Next, we show the effect of different random number distributions on summation error, taking a 1000-digit precision floating-point accumulator as ground truth. Our results show empirical error bounds that are much tighter than existing analytical bounds. Last, we simulate different allreduce algorithms on the high performance computing (HPC) proxy application Nekbone and find that the error is relatively stable across algorithms. Our approach provides HPC application developers with more realistic error bounds of MPI reduction operations. Quantifying the small-but nonzero-discrepancies between reduction algorithms can help developers ensure correctness and aid reproducibility across MPI implementations and cluster topologies.
Effect of spiral scan strategy on microstructure for additively manufactured stainless steel 17–4

Abstract The effect of the scan strategy on microstructure is investigated using a custom-built laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing testbed. Eight stainless steel cubic parts were built to compare two different scan strategies: raster and spiral. The processes were monitored in-situ by a high-speed camera coaxially aligned to the heating laser, and the parts built were characterized by micro-indentation and optical microscopy. The spiral scan strategy creates a much larger meltpool area and the resulting parts exhibit an equiaxed grain structure with 54% higher hardness value compared to the raster scan strategy.
Longitudinal monitoring of individual infection progression in Drosophila melanogaster

The innate immune system is critical for host survival of infection. Infection models in organisms like Drosophila melanogaster are key for understanding evolution and dynamics of innate immunity. However, current toolsets for fly infection studies are limited in their ability to resolve changes in pathogen load on the hours time-scale, along with stochastic responses to infection in individuals. Here we report a novel bioluminescent imaging strategy enabling non-invasive characterization of pathogen load over time. We demonstrate that photon flux from autobioluminescent reporter bacteria can be used to estimate pathogen count. Escherichia coli expressing the ilux operon were imaged in whole, living flies at relevant concentrations for immune study. Because animal sacrifice was not necessary to estimate pathogen load, stochastic responses to infection were characterized in individuals for the first time. The high temporal resolution of bioluminescence imaging also enabled visualization of the fine dynamics of microbial clearance on the hours time-scale. Overall, this non-invasive imaging strategy provides a simple and scalable platform to observe changes in pathogen load in vivo over time.
7 – Static Analysis of Plane Trusses

A truss is an assembly of slender members that are pin-connected together at their ends, and it is used to support roofs and bridges. The joints where members are interconnected are called nodes and the external loads are only applied to the nodes. A truss member only undergoes longitudinal deformation (tension or compression) along its axis. The chapter analyzes trusses lying and deforming in a plane. A member is modeled as a longitudinal bar that is subjected to external loads only at its two ends. The longitudinal displacement of the bar is governed by a given differential equation. The three types of static disturbances are external forces—concentrated (pointwise) external forces applied to nodes; settlement of supports—deflections of supports in the directions of reactions; and fabrication errors and thermal effects—an increase or decrease of member length because of fabrication errors and thermal changes. A fundamental problem for a plane truss is determining its static response—displacements at nodes, internal forces of members, and reactions at supports—subjected to external loads, support settlement, fabrication errors, and thermal changes. The chapter provides a toolbox of MATLAB functions for obtaining the solution of the problem.
Performance characterization of dynamic allocation schemes for multi-frequency TDMA SATCOM-on-the-move

Future military networks will make significant use of transponding satellites to carry converged Internet protocol (IP) traffic to on-the-move communication nodes, which suffer frequent, short signal blockage events. Multi-frequency time-division multiple access (MF-TDMA) with dynamic resource allocation is a leading approach to efficiently use satellite resources under these conditions. The dynamic resource allocation protocol interacts with the dynamics of the blockage channel, the network traffic, and other protocols. We compare a range of protocols from fixed allocation to genie-aided approaches where optimistic assumptions about the information available to the algorithm provide an intuitive upper bound on performance. Specific quantitative metrics for user traffic quality are defined and compared for various algorithms and traffic loads
Reseña a Shamans of the foye Tree: Gender power and healing among Chilean Mapuche

Shamans of the foye Tree: Gender power and healing among Chilean Mapuchees unafascinante y bien lograda etnografia sobre las politicas culturales de las machio chamanes mapuche del sur de Chile.
Influences of microplasma generated microbubble by moderate environmental pressure

A microplasma and a spherical microbubble can be generated simultaneously in liquid. The microbubble dynamics and energy give insight into energy deposited by the plasma. A DC high voltage source in combination with spark gaps were used for pulsing power. The pulsing microsecond or nanosecond discharge was used to generate the microdischarges, and the rise time of the pulsing power was around 15 ns. The magnitude of pulsing voltage, hereafter refer to as the applied peak voltage (APV), and the duration of discharges were varied in this research to control the energy input. The APVs were tuned from −3 kV to −9 kV with 2 kV as interval. The initiation of microplasma and microbubbles have been addressed [1] in our previous research, and the hydrodynamics of microplasma generated microbubble at ambient pressure (0 psig) was studied by using Rayleigh-Plesset (RP) model. With the consideration of the coexistence of condensable and incondensable gases in the microbubble, the RP model matched well with our experimental results. In this paper, the hydrodynamics of microplasma generated microbubble in a pressure controlled environment is studied parametrically. The environmental pressure was adjusted from 0 psig to 80 psig. Two different surface tensions were prepared (71 mN/m and 35 mN/m at 25° C) as well, since the surface tension component in RP model contributes to the surface momentum balance. The generation and the oscillation of microbubbles were recorded by a CCD high speed camera (300 k fps). The radius change of microbubbles corresponding to time under different pressures was depicted. The RP model with different ambient water pressures and surface tensions were studied and compared with our experimental results. One of the advantages of RP model, which is built up on momentum balance, is to allow the estimation of the thermodynamic states and the energy of microplasmas and microbubbles. It was observed that the pressure of the microplasma and microbubble at the initiation stage was very high and decreased significantly in first hundreds of nanoseconds. It is concluded that the moderate environmental pressure won't affect this initiation significantly, but it does affect the hydrodynamics of microplasma generated microbubble after it expands in microsecond scale.
Solid state stepped transmission line transformer for spark gap triggering

Spark gap switched transmission line pulse generators can achieve faster switching by overvolting the spark gap with high amplitude nanosecond pulses. A solid-state driven stepped transmission line transformer (TLT) is presented for triggering spark gaps in the overvoltage mode. The spark gap trigger source is simple and compact for integration with pulse generator systems. A totem pole MOSFET pulse source drives a four section discrete element TLT, each section stepped to three times the impedance of the previous stage. The line is designed with each section as 1/8 wavelength of the excitation pulse. The output pulse has a high transfer ratio of 6.9 into an open load, achieved in few step sections by driving the TLT with a low impedance source rather than a transmission line. Internal reflections are analyzed and timed to add constructively to form the output pulse.
Recent deposition of 210Pb on the Greenland ice sheet: variations in space and time

Detailed 210Pb profiles were determined for four "Chernobyl dated" snowpits sampled during a wide-ranging survey of the Greenland ice sheet during the 1988 season. The profiles from widely separated pits show little or no coherence; even for two pits only 40 km apart the profiles differ in detail. There does not appear to have been any seasonality in the deposition of 210Pb onto the ice sheet in the two years since the Chernobyl accident. The total d eposition of 210Pb during this period (10-20 bq m-2) was about 20 times less than has been observed at mid-latitude sites in the eastern United States. The three pits west of th e ice- sheet divide recorded very similar depositional f1uxe s, while the one eastern pit had only two-thirds the a verage of the others, suggesting a west-to-east gradient in the d eposition of 210Pb, and perhaps other continentall y­ derived s ubmicron aerosols, onto the Greenland ice sheet.
Kinematic dispersion in stream networks 2. Scale issues and self‐similar network organization

[1] When the flow parameters, such as celerity and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, are allowed to vary spatially within a basin, three mechanisms, namely, geomorphologic, kinematic, and hydrodynamic dispersion, contribute to the variance of the instantaneous response function. The relative contributions of the three dispersion mechanisms as a function of scale, or Strahler order of the basin, are studied. This analysis is performed for two study basins, the Vermilion and the Mackinaw river basins, in central Illinois. Log linear trends for all the dispersion coefficients as a function of scale are observed. These trends can be cast in the form of Horton law type of relations. The asymptotic behavior of the dispersion coefficients of basins with self-similar network structure is consistent with the observations.
Study of the effects of vacuuming on the concentration of dust mite antigen and endotoxin

Background Dust mite antigens are major sources of allergens in house dust and together with endotoxin, a proinflammatory component of gram negative bacteria also found in house dust, are important causes of tissue injury involved in the pathogenesis and severity of allergic diseases, eg, asthma. Objective To determine the effectiveness of vacuuming in reducing the quantity of dust mite antigens, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p1 and Der p2) and endotoxin using a quantitative ELISA assay and to correlate results with those obtained using a qualitative rapid dipstick method for Der p2. Methods Four specimens of house dust were collected using a Kirby Model G5 vacuum cleaner with a Micron Magic Filtration system from an approximately 54″ × 18″ standardized area of rug from each of 20 homes at 4 time intervals over a 6-week period, ie, a baseline specimen #1 at 0 week; specimen #2 at 1 week; specimen #3 at 5 weeks (1 month after specimen #2); specimen #4 at 6 weeks (1 week after specimen #3). Three intervals were compared, ie, period 1–2 (1 week), period 2–3 (1 month), and period 3 to 4 (1 week). The concentrations of Der p1 and Der p2 were determined in dust samples using a standard ELISA assay and the concentration of endotoxin was detected using a limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Concentrations of Der p2, determined by the standard ELISA assay, were compared to those in the same samples determined by a rapid dipstick method. Results A wide range of values for total weight of unprocessed dust (0.3 to 59 g, X = 8.7) and finely sieved dust (0.1 to 19 g, X = 3) from all specimens were found. In finely sieved dust specimens the mean concentrations of Der p1, Der p2 and endotoxin were 775, 1310, and 3836 ng/g of dust, respectively. Following weekly vacuuming there was an increase in concentration of Der p1, Der p2, and endotoxin in 20%, 35%, and 63% of the houses, respectively, compared to in monthly vacuuming in which increases were seen in 65%, 50%, and 63% of the houses, respectively. In contrast, there was a decrease in concentration of Der p1, Der p2 and endotoxin with weekly vacuuming in 43%, 60%, and 37% of the houses respectively versus in monthly vacuuming in 15%, 35%, and 37% of the houses respectively. A correlation coefficient of 0.7 was found for the concentration of Der p2 in 37/40 samples tested detected using the ELISA method compared with rapid dipstick assay. Conclusion The results of this study support the effectiveness of vacuuming on the reduction of dust mite antigens (Der p1 and Der p2) ie, Der p2> Der p1. This reduction was more pronounced with weekly compared with monthly vacuuming. No reduction in the concentration of endotoxin was found. A good correlation was found between results obtained by ELISA and rapid dipstick assay for Der p2.
Productive Helping in Cooperative Groups.

(2002). Productive Helping in Cooperative Groups. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 41, Promoting Thinking Through Peer Learning, pp. 13-20.
Transient temperature distributions in end caps of plate fuel elements

Abstract The transient temperature distribution in bonded end caps of plate-type fuel elements submitted to sudden temperature change resulting from unsteady-state reactor operation is analytically determined. The solution for the temperature distribution is represented by products of circular function, exponential functions and coupling relations between the end caps and the fuel material of the fuel elements. From the calculated results of a numerical example given for a ceramic dispersion fuel element with zircaloy end caps, the following points of primary interest are found: 1. (a) For a given end-cap material, the temperature distribution for end caps of various depths (or thicknesses) is the same, if the time of heat conducting is proportional to the square of the depth. 2. (b) The temperature distribution in the end cap decreases with increasing end-cap length and Fourier number. 3. (c) Repeated sudden temperature changes that induce severe thermal shock, cycling, fatigue, and temperature excess can seriously affect the corrosion rates and impair the structural integrity of the end caps as well as the fuel elements. Further, the corrosion temperature limit and thermal fatigue of the end cap (or cap of a fuel can) can be much more serious than that of the fuel material.
An examination of the means used in defining and expressing the concentrations of the molar and normal solutions

For many years three philosophical perspectives — stipulation, operationalism and nominalism — have been used to provide the fundamental bases for the concentration definitions used for the description of the solutions used in chemistry. Each of the three perspectives in certain situations, and to the exclusion of the others, has been the intellectual tool of choice. The molar and normal solutions are discussed in terms of the history, the meaning and the applications of these philosophical perspectives.
Improvement of the exercise test after therapy in thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.

The diagnosis of periodic paralysis (PP) can be aided by demonstrating a decrease in compound motor action potential (CMAP) amplitude after several minutes of exercise. We report a case of secondary hypokalemic PP due to thyrotoxicosis in which the decrease in the CMAP amplitude after exercise dramatically improved after treatment, when a euthyroid state was achieved. The exercise test is a useful electropghysiologic means of monitoring the neuromuscular status of patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis prior to, and after treatment of the thyrotoxicosis.