cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Health and Income on Control Orientation and Life Satisfaction among Aged Public Housing Residents

Researchers have recently begun to focus to a greater degree on personality factors in old age. One such factor is locus of control. This investigation examines the relationship between life satisfaction and locus of control within the context of health and income, two variables that pervade numerous aspects of the older person's life. The data are derived from a randomly selected sample of people sixty-five years of age and older residing in high-rise public housing complexes (N = 74). The findings of the investigation are consistent with most of the previous research, which had shown internal locus of control and higher life satisfaction to be significantly associated. This association remained stable and significant when controlling on the effects of self-rated health and income, suggesting that internal control is related to life satisfaction independent of health level or monetary resources.
Innovative technique for Norplant® implants removal

Abstract This study evaluates a unique and completely different approach from the original removal technique. The main objective of this technique is to facilitate removal of widely-spaced, deeply-positioned, and misplaced Norplant ® capsules. A local anesthetic is injected deep and perpendicular to the long axis of the Norplant ® rods. The hypodermic needle is left in place underneath the six silicone rods for the entire removal procedure. One or two 3–4mm vertical incisions were made between the capsules over the needle. The Norplant ® rods were dissected free from the fibrous tissue and the skin with a #11 blade. A curved mosquito forceps was inserted between the skin and the Norplant ® rod, to hook and deliver the capsule through the incision, from where it can be easily removed. This method resulted in far less time, effort, and skill from the health care provider, no damage to the capsules, and much less trauma to the clients.
The thermal structure of sunspots from ring diagram analysis

We present a large sample of 264 active regions from solar cycle 23, analysed using ring diagrams. The frequencies of these rings are inverted to determine the thermal structure (sound speed and adiabatic index) of these regions as a function of radius. The large sample allows us to describe in a statistically significant way how the thermal properties of the outer layers of the Sun change in the presence of magnetic fields.
In Vitro Characterization of Salmochelin and Enterobactin Trilactone Hydrolases IroD, IroE, and Fes

The iroA locus encodes five genes (iroB, iroC, iroD, iroE, iroN) that are found in pathogenic Salmonella and Escherichia coli strains. We recently reported that IroB is an enterobactin (Ent) C-glucosyltransferase, converting the siderophore into mono-, di-, and triglucosyl enterobactins (MGE, DGE, and TGE, respectively). Here, we report the characterization of IroD and IroE as esterases for the apo and Fe(3+)-bound forms of Ent, MGE, DGE, and TGE, and we compare their activities with those of Fes, the previously characterized enterobactin esterase. IroD hydrolyzes both apo and Fe(3+)-bound siderophores distributively to generate DHB-Ser and/or Glc-DHB-Ser, with higher catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/K(m)) on Fe(3+)-bound forms, suggesting that IroD is the ferric MGE/DGE esterase responsible for cytoplasmic iron release. Similarly, Fes hydrolyzes ferric Ent more efficiently than apo Ent, confirming Fes is the ferric Ent esterase responsible for Fe(3+) release from ferric Ent. Although each enzyme exhibits lower k(cat)'s processing ferric siderophores, dramatic decreases in K(m)'s for ferric siderophores result in increased catalytic efficiencies. The inability of Fes to efficiently hydrolyze ferric MGE, ferric DGE, or ferric TGE explains the requirement for IroD in the iroA cluster. IroE, in contrast, prefers apo siderophores as substrates and tends to hydrolyze the trilactone just once to produce linearized trimers. These data and the periplasmic location of IroE suggest that it hydrolyzes apo enterobactins while they are being exported. IroD hydrolyzes apo MGE (and DGE) regioselectively to give a single linear trimer product and a single linear dimer product as determined by NMR.
Measurements of a Simulated Rocket Exhaust Plume near the Prandtl-Meyer Limiting Angle,

Abstract : Direct measurements of the mass flux level and estimates of the mass velocity have been made in the side flow field of a small axisymmetric rocket nozzle operated in hard vacuum. A shock tube provided nitrogen and simulated rocket propellant (nitrogen tetroxide and Aerozene 50) sources for the nozzle. Data were recorded in the plume far field, for angles ranging from 0 to 90 degrees relative to the nozzle centerline. In all cases, substantial mass flux levels were observed in the neighborhood of the limiting Prandtl-Meyer characteristic. At an angle of 90 degrees to the nozzle centerline, the density levels were typically three orders of magnitude below centerline values and the mass velocities were approximately one-half of the centerline values. (Modified author abstract)
Micropapillary serous ovarian carcinoma: surgical management and clinical outcome.

Abstract Objectives. The objectives of this study were to characterize the prognostic features of micropapillary serous ovarian carcinoma (MPSC), examine the clinical impact of surgical staging, and define the role of cytoreductive surgery for patients with advanced disease. Methods. Fifty-one patients with MPSC were identified from hospital and tumor registry databases. Demographic, operative, pathologic, and follow-up data were abstracted retrospectively. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and statistical comparisons were performed using the log rank test, logistic regression analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results. The median age at diagnosis was 45 years, and follow-up extended to a median of 43.0 months. Stage I/II disease was present in 25.5% of patients and no disease-related deaths were observed in this group. Stage III disease was discovered in 29.4% of patients with tumor clinically confined to the ovaries. Stage III/IV disease (74.5% of cases) was associated with median progression-free and overall survival times of 32.8 and 114.2 months, respectively. Menopausal status and the anatomic extent of disease were significantly associated with survival outcome. However, the strongest independent predictor of survival for patients with advanced disease was the amount of residual tumor. Median overall survival for patients with optimal cytoreduction (residual disease ≤1 cm) was 115.4 months compared to 43.1 months for those with >1 cm residual tumor ( P Conclusions. MPSC carries a significant risk of extraovarian spread; however, adequately sampled Stage I/II disease is associated with a favorable prognosis. Optimal cytoreduction is associated with improved survival and should be the primary therapeutic objective for patients with advanced-stage MPSC.
Ice-age simulations with a calving ice-sheet model

Abstract Variations of ice-sheet volume during the Quaternary ice ages are simulated using a simple ice-sheet model for the Northern Hemisphere. The basic model predicts ice thickness and bedrock deformation in a north-south cross section, with a prescribed snow-budget distribution shifted uniformly in space to represent the orbital perturbations. An ice calving parameterization crudely representing proglacial lakes or marine incursions can attack the ice whenever the tip drops below sea level. The model produces a large ∼ 100,000-yr response in fair agreement (correlation coefficient up to 0.8) with the δ18O deep-sea core records. To increase confidence in the results, several of the more uncertain model components are extended or replaced, using an alternative treatment of bedrock deformation, a more realistic ice-shelf model of ice calving, and a generalized parameterization for such features as the North Atlantic deglacial meltwater layer. Much the same ice-age simulations and agreement with the δ18O records, as with the original model, are still obtained. The model is run with different types of forcing to identify which aspect of the orbital forcing controls the phase of the 100,000-yr cycles. First, the model is shown to give a ∼ 100,000-yr response to nearly any kind of higher-frequency forcing. Although over the last 2-million yrs the model phase is mainly controlled by the precessional modulation due to eccentricity, over just the last 500,000 yr the observed phase can also be simulated with eccentricity held constant. A definite conclusion on the phase control of the real 100,000-yr cycles is prevented by uncertainty in the deep-sea core time scales before ∼600,000 yr B.P. The model is adapted to represent West Antarctica, and yields unforced internal oscillations with periods of about 50,000 yr.
Induction of cytomegalovirus specific t-lymphocytes from seropositive and -negative donors using dendritic cells grown in autologous plasma

Abstract We have an induction protocol for CMV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) using the immunodominant pp65 peptide 495–503 and dendritic cells (DCs). Monocyte derived DCs were cultured in media supplemented with autologous plasma (AP-DCs), IL4, GM-CSF & TNFα. Use of fetal calf serum (FCS) was avoided since it is immunogenic and may be infectious. The AP-DCs had similar morphology, immunophenotype, and functional activity as FCS-DCs Mature AP-DCs (2×10 5 ) were pulsed with pp65 495–503 and β2 microglobulin, and added to 2×10 6 CD8+ cells or 2×10 6 CD14 depleted PBLs. Cultures were restimulated (R/S) on day 7 & 14 with peptide-pulsed monocytes at a ratio of 1 monocyte to 3 CTLs, and cytotoxicity to peptide-pulsed autologous PHA-blasts and CMV infected fibroblasts was measured. Peptide specific cells were quantitated by pp65 peptide 495–503 /tetramers. Specific lines were produced in 17 of 19 (89%) cultures derived from seropositive donors. Higher specific lysis was observed for cultures derived from CD8+ cells. In contrast, using the same induction protocol for seronegative donors, we found that 4 R/S were necessary to obtain specific lysis and we observed success only when cultures were initiated with both CD4+ & CD8+ cells. CTL induction for seronegative donors is more difficult presumably due to the absence of primed/memory T-cells. Our data suggests that CMV-specific CTL induction from seronegative donors is not consistent using the protocol developed for seropositive donors. We only generated CMV specific cultures when we did not use purified CD8+ cells as responders indicating that CD4+ help is crucial for CTL induction from CMV seronegative donors.
Untersuchungen über die Petrographie kulmischer Kieselschiefer

Profile von kulmischen Kieselschiefern des hessischen Hinterlandes wurden optisch, rontgenographisch, chemisch, spektralanalytisch und differential-thermoanalytisch untersucht. Die nicht-lyditischen Bestandteile wurden besonders berlicksichtigt.
CALCULATION OF AXISYMMETRIC TURBULENT CONFINED DIFFUSION FLAMES.

On developpe une methode de calcul efficace pour la solution des equations partielles differentielles non lineaires couplees gouvernant les ecoulements reactifs turbulents confines axisymetriques
Mothers and Fathers of Young Children: Comparison of Parenting Styles

This study compared the developmental expectations and parenting behaviors of 52 mothers and fathers with children between the ages of 1 and 4 years, using the Parenting Inventory: Young Children. While both mothers and fathers were nurturing parents, mothers obtained significantly higher nurturing scores. Possible reasons for this difference were discussed. Developmental expectations and discipline strategies did not differ between mothers and fathers.
Structural configuration for the Terrestrial Planet Finder structurally connected interferometer concept

This paper describes the basic structural design of the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) Structurally Connected Interferometer concept developed within the Jet Propulsion Laboratory design team. Descriptions of the key structural components, optical elements, and basic load paths are included. Key structural requirements related to launch loads and on-orbit stability and alignment are identified. The analysis results for the baseline design are shown for both launch configuration and the deployed, on-orbit configuration. The finite element models are described with preliminary results shown. Excitation of the structure and the optical train caused by assumed external disturbances are shown for a preliminary analysis. Future work is identified.
Point determination in graphs

A point determining graph is defined to be a graph in which distinct nonadjacent points have distinct neighborhoods. Those graphs which are critical with respect to this property are studied. We show that a graph is complete if and only if it is connected, point determining, but fails to remain point determining upon the removal of any edge. We also show that every connected, point determining graph contains at least two points, the removal of either of which will result again in a point determining graph. Graphs which are point determining and contain exactly two such points are shown to have the property that every point is adjacent to exactly one of these two points.
The DinI Protein Stabilizes RecA Protein Filaments

When DinI is present at concentrations that are stoichiometric with those of RecA or somewhat greater, DinI has a substantial stabilizing effect on RecA filaments bound to DNA. Exchange of RecA between free and bound forms was almost entirely suppressed, and highly stable filaments were documented with several different experimental methods. DinI-mediated stabilization did not affect RecA-mediated ATP hydrolysis and LexA co-protease activities. Initiation of DNA strand exchange was affected in a DNA structure-dependent manner, whereas ongoing strand exchange was not affected. Destabilization of RecA filaments occurred as reported in earlier work but only when DinI protein was present at very high concentrations, generally superstoichiometric, relative to the RecA protein concentration. DinI did not facilitate RecA filament formation but stabilized the filaments only after they were formed. The interaction between the RecA protein and DinI was modulated by the C terminus of RecA. We discuss these results in the context of a new hypothesis for the role of DinI in the regulation of recombination and the SOS response.
Pathology of Experimental Compression Neuropathy Producing Hyperesthesia

An experimental neuropathy in rats produced by tying loosely constrictive ligatures around one sciatic nerve has recently been shown to produce pain-related behavior that follows a reproducible time course. In the present study, we assessed the degree of thermal hyperesthesia and examined the sciatic nerves by light and electron microscopy at different time points from 1 day to 12 weeks after surgery. Edema was the initial pathologic change seen in the neuropathy and was associated with early Wallerian degeneration on day 1. Injury to the connective tissue sheaths with interruption of the perineurial layer, infiltration of macrophages into the endoneurium, and proliferation of endothelial cells were observed during the first week. Endothelial cells hypertrophied and changed to a rhomboid shape with gaps between adjacent cells. Most large myelinated and many small myelinated fibers underwent Wallerian degeneration. Unmyelinated fiber numbers were reduced to one-third of the normal value from day 5 to day 14. Axonal sprouts were numerous after 1 week and grew into the segment distal to the ligatures by 4 weeks. Aberrant sprouts in minifascicles outside the perineurium were present from 4 weeks on. The original ligatures were rapidly surrounded by large amounts of fibrous tissue and mostly absorbed by 12 weeks; the initial fascicular compression caused by the ligatures was maintained by the fibrous tissue. We conclude that, whereas neuroma formation may contribute to the pain-related behavior in the later stages of this neuropathy, acute changes in the endoneurial micro-environment are important for its initial development.
Assessing the distributed nature of home-based heart failure medication management in older adults

Non-adherence to medications in older adult chronic heart failure (CHF) patients suggests the difficulty these patients experience with medication management tasks. This qualitative study explored home-based medication management and how activities were distributed across persons, artifacts, time and space using a distributed cognition framework. Interviews with CHF patients (N = 27) and their informal caregivers (N=11) were content analyzed for cross-cutting themes about distributed task performance. Results illustrated problem areas within this distributed system such as representational discordance, communication difficulties, and lack of portability of information across environments. Implications for future design of interventions include the need for portability and exchange of information, portability of medications and reminder devices, and improved communication across the distributed system.
Oceanographic research at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, April 1932 To April 1933

The buildings and equipment of the Institution mentioned in the first, part of my report for last year were completed near the end of the summer, 1932, and after that date the increased facilities for research immediately began to bear fruit. The work in chemistry, experimental biology, and the study of marine bottom-deposits have profited greatly during the past 12 months, and evidence of this is shown in the statements which follow. The general program of the Institution has not changed. Therefore, the topics under which accounts of the researches at the Institution are given remain as they were in the report for last year.
The role of individual bargaining behavior in the pay setting process: A pilot study

A model of initial salary detemination for professional and managerial employees is developed. That part of the model which concentrates on the role of employee salary negotiation behaviors and attitudes was investigated using a sample of 117 individuals. Significant variance in salary bargaining attitudes and behaviors was found; attitudinal and demographic differences between negotiators and non-negotiators were determined. Additionally, negotiating behavior was found to be positively related to salary, but only slightly related to salary growth.
The uniqueness of the Butler matrix as a commutating switch

It is shown that the Butler matrix is the only N input, N output network with the property that its output currents can be permuted cyclically by varying the phases of its input currents.
Effect of processing on uniaxial creep behavior and environmental stress-crack resistance of a linear low-density polyethylene

This paper describes characterizations performed on two types of polyethylene T-Joints as well as the starting resin from which they were manufactured. It was found that the melt flow rate of material taken from the two types of joints differed from that of the starting resin and differed from each other by as much as a factor of two. Investigation of the environmental stress-crack resistance (ESCR) and uniaxial creep behavior of material from the two joints revealed further significant differences in behavior between the two joints. These observations lead to the conclusion that subtle differences in the processing conditions can result in significant differences in the long-term mechanical behavior.
X-RAY TECHNIQUE IN THE INDUSTRIAL LABORATORY

THERE are two main ways in which X-rays have become of immense practical importance in the industrial field. The great penetrating power has been utilized in the technique of radiography for the examination of what may be described as the macro-structure of solid bodies and objects. In X-ray crystal analysis the diffraction of X-rays by the regular pattern of atoms in a crystal has been utilized to elaborate and supplement chemical and other physical methods of examining the nature and properties of a material.
Radio-Frequency Tracking of Respiratory Equipment: Rationale and Early Experience at the Cleveland Clinic

BACKGROUND: When respiratory therapists (RTs) seek respiratory care equipment, finding it quickly is desirable, both to expedite patient care and to avert RTs wasting time. To optimize RTs’ ability to quickly locate ventilators, we developed and implemented a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tagging system called eTrak. METHODS: The Clinical Engineering and Information Technology groups at Cleveland Clinic collaboratively developed a Wi-Fi-based RFID program that used active RFID tags. Altogether, 218 ventilators, 82 noninvasive ventilators, and various nonrespiratory equipment were tagged, beginning in March 2010. We calculated the difference in time required to locate equipment before versus after implementation. RESULTS: The eTrak system had a mean 145 log-ons per week over the first year of use, and was associated with a decreased time required for RTs to locate ventilators: median 18 min (range 1–45 min) versus 3 min (range 1–6 min) (P < .001). Surveys of RTs regarding whether equipment was hard to find before versus after implementing eTrak showed a non-significant trend toward improvement. CONCLUSIONS: An RFID tracking system for respiratory equipment shortened the time to locate ventilators and non-significantly improved RT satisfaction with finding equipment. RFID tagging of equipment
Lower-Complexity Layered Belief-Propagation Decoding of LDPC Codes

The design of LDPC decoders with low complexity, high throughput, and good performance is a critical task. A well-known strategy is to design structured codes such as quasi- cyclic LDPC (QC-LDPC) that allow partially-parallel decoders. Sequential schedules, such as Layered Belief-Propagation (LBP), converge faster than the traditional flooding schedule while allowing parallel decoding of QC-LDPC codes. In this paper, we propose a novel low-complexity sequential schedule called Zigzag LBP (Z-LBP). Current LBP schedules do not allow partially- parallel architectures in the regime of high-rate codes with small- to-medium blocklengths. Our proposed algorithm can still be implemented in a partially-parallel manner in this regime. Z-LBP provides the same benefits as LBP including faster convergence speed and lower frame error rates than flooding.
THE EXTERNAL PROVISION OF BUSINESS SERVICES BY MANUFACTURING: A COMPARISON OF EVIDENCE FROM DENVER, SALT LAKE CITY, AND CHICAGO

The work of Williamson and others shows how increasing complexity of hierarchical structures within business organizations may lead to transactions failures, resulting in the provision of certain activities outside the firm. In this context, a recent paper by Esparza discusses the importance of age and employment size of manufacturing firms to the externalization of certain low-order business services in Chicago. In this paper the authors compare Esparza`s results with recent evidence of the external provision of certain business services by manufacturing establishments in Denver and Salt Lake City. They also explore the significance of occupational structure and plant type variables to the explanation of patterns in the external provision of a selection of low- and high-order services.
UHF-1: a high speed complementary bipolar analog process on SOI

A complementary silicon bipolar process has been developed for high-performance analog applications. The process features high-frequency PNP and NPN transistors with transition frequencies above 5 GHz and 9 GHz, respectively. The transistors have a double polysilicon, self-aligned structure which is isolated by using bonded wafer silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology and vertical trenches. The circuit components are interconnected with two levels of metallization. The UHF-1 process has been used to create several advanced analog high-frequency integrated circuits in a monolithic form. >
Hankel determinants of sums of consecutive Motzkin numbers

Abstract We use combinatorial methods to evaluate Hankel determinants for the sequence of sums of consecutive t-Motzkin numbers. More specifically, we consider the following determinant: det m i + j + r t + m i + j + r + 1 t 0 ⩽ i , j ⩽ n - 1 , where t is a real number and m k t is the total weight of all paths from ( 0 , 0 ) to ( k , 0 ) that stay above the x-axis and use up and down steps of weight one and level steps of weight t.
A comparison of ProOsteon, DBX, and collagraft in a rabbit model

Many bone graft substitutes (BGSs) have been developed and are commercially available. These products differ in the tailoring of their properties, including size, form, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and resorption kinetics. Differential enhancement of these properties may optimize the performance of these materials for varying applications. BGSs offer an opportunity to lessen morbidity of harvesting and use of autogenous and/or allograft bone. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively compare the magnitude of bony ingrowth and biodegradation of different commercially available BGS materials in a rabbit femoral defect model. BGSs from each of three classes (ceramic (ProOsteon), demineralized bone matrix (DBX), and composite (Collagraft)) were implanted in cylindrical defects in bilateral femoral condyles of 12 adult New Zealand White rabbits. Each of the three BGS materials and the empty controls were compared. The specimens were harvested at 3 months postimplantation for radiographic and histologic evaluation. Histomorphometry yielded resorption of graft material remaining in the index defect. Magnitude of bony ingrowth was assessed based on an 8-bit 256 densitometry model. Histomorphometric analysis of the data demonstrated statistical differences in the resorption and magnitude of bony ingrowth of the three BGS materials. The three BGS were significantly different for ingrowth (p = 0.046) when using the Wilcoxon Test. The ceramic graft material averaged 47% bony ingrowth. Rabbit-based DBX material showed extensive osseous ingrowth (35%) and the composite graft material demonstrated significant bony ingrowth (56%). The control, as anticipated, showed the least amount of bony ingrowth (29%). Fisher's Exact Test yielded statistical differences (p = 0.0003) when comparisons for resorption were conducted. An ideal BGS material should be biocompatible, be able to withstand the local load environment for a given application, degrade in concert with bony replacement, and be both osteoinductive and osteoconductive. This in-vivo, head-to-head comparison of three commercially available BGS materials in an animal model compares these characteristics and demonstrates differences between them, which may act as a guide in the use of these products in human applications.
Antiplatelet and Antithrombin Therapy for Early Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are defined as either unstable angina (UA), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), or ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Their management is continuously evolving in terms of pharmacologic therapy. The usual cause of ACS is the disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque leading to formation of a thrombus within a coronary artery. Initial antiplatelet and antithrombin therapy for patients with ST-segment elevation (STE) ACS includes aspirin and unfractionated heparin (UFH). Patients presenting to the hospital early may undergo percutaneous intervention (PCI) with administration of additional medications such as clopidogrel and abciximab or may receive a fibrinolytic agent. Patients with non-ST-segment elevation (NSTE) ACS receive aspirin, clopidogrel, either a low-molecular-weight heparin or UFH, and, in selected patients, a glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor blocker. All of these agents have shown benefit when administered to patients with AC...
Modifiable lifestyle risks, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality

This is a commentary on article Carlsson AC, Wandell PE, Gigante B, Leander K, Hellenius ML, de Faire U. Seven modifiable lifestyle factors predict reduced risk for ischemic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality regardless of body mass index: a cohort study. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(2):946-52.
Electromechanical nonlinearities and losses in piezoelectric sonar transducer materials

Next-generation sonar projectors rely on piezoelectric single crystals such as lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate to induce mechanical strain and generate ever greater acoustic output, but the performance of these materials under high-power operation is not well understood. As the electrical driving force increases, the linear piezoelectric relationships give way to nonlinear, amplitude-dependent properties. Such behavior is impossible to predict solely from small signal, linear measurements. This work has characterized the behavior of single crystals by examining the dynamic relaxation from initial strain levels of 0.1 to 0.2%. Strain-dependent values of the mechanical quality factor and resonance frequency are reported for single crystals, and these properties are compared with conventional high-power piezoceramics.
Role of CSL Boundaries on Displacement Cascades in β-SiC

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to understand the mechanisms of damage production and recovery near grain boundaries in β-SiC under neutron irradiation. Our investigations show that the damage generated by radiation is reduced by the presence of a ∑9{122}[110] tilt grain boundary. Directional displacements which are averaged over an isoconfigurational ensemble are used to characterize the statistical nature of atomic mobility near the grain boundary.
Videotater: an approach for pen-based digital video segmentation and tagging

The continuous growth of media databases necessitates development of novel visualization and interaction techniques to support management of these collections. We present Videotater, an experimental tool for a Tablet PC that supports the efficient and intuitive navigation, selection, segmentation, and tagging of video. Our veridical representation immediately signals to the user where appropriate segment boundaries should be placed and allows for rapid review and refinement of manually or automatically generated segments. Finally, we explore a distribution of modalities in the interface by using multiple timeline representations, pressure sensing, and a tag painting/erasing metaphor with the pen.
Antagonism between Notch and bone morphogenetic protein receptor signaling regulates neurogenesis in the cerebellar rhombic lip.

Background During the embryonic development of the cerebellum, neurons are produced from progenitor cells located along a ventricular zone within dorsal rhombomere 1 that extends caudally to the roof plate of the fourth ventricle. The apposition of the caudal neuroepithelium and roof plate results in a unique inductive region termed the cerebellar rhombic lip, which gives rise to granule cell precursors and other glutamatergic neuronal lineages. Recently, we and others have shown that, at early embryonic stages prior to the emergence of granule cell precursors (E12), waves of neurogenesis in the cerebellar rhombic lip produce specific hindbrain nuclei followed by deep cerebellar neurons. How the induction of rhombic lip-derived neurons from cerebellar progenitors is regulated during this phase of cerebellar development to produce these temporally discrete neuronal populations while maintaining a progenitor pool for subsequent neurogenesis is not known.
Meiotic chromosomes: it takes two to tango

Meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces haploid gametes from diploid parental cells. Chromosome number is reduced during meiosis because a single round of DNA replication is followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation (Fig. 1). Fusion of two gametes during sexual reproduction restores the diploid chromosome complement. The second division of meiosis (the equational division) resembles mitosis: Sister chromatids separate and segregate. The first division, however, is unique. Reductional chromosome segregation at meiosis I differs from mitosis and meiosis II in a number of respects. First, sister chromatids remain associated with each other. Second, the two copies of the same chromosome (called homologous chromosomes or homologs) behave in a coordinate fashion, such that one chromosome moves to one pole of the spindle apparatus and its homolog moves to the opposite pole. This coordination in chromosome behavior depends on complex processes and elaborate structures that bring homologs together during meiotic prophase and hold them together until the transition between metaphase I and anaphase I. In most organisms, the relevant processes include alignment of homologs, assembly of the synaptonemal complex (SC, described below), genetic recombination, and the formation of chiasmata (stable connections between homologs formed at the sites of crossovers). These events occur during a very lengthy prophase that is divided into a series of substages based on changes in chromosome morphology (Table 1). This article reviews our current knowledge of the processes and structures that promote and maintain interactions between homologs and thereby ensure proper reductional chromosome segregation. Emphasis is placed on observations made in recent years, particularly those that have enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying meiotic chromosome behavior.
Fire and Ice in Marital Communication: Hostile and Distancing Behaviors as Predictors of Marital Distress

This study examined the relationship between partner hostile responsiveness, as well as three types of withdrawing responses (intimacy avoidance, conflict avoidance and angry withdrawal) and both concurrent and prospective marital satisfaction in a community sample of couples. The primary predictor of marital outcomes for wives was partner hostile responsiveness, whereas for husbands it was partner withdrawal. Wives' intimacy avoidance contributed unique variance to the prediction of husbands' marital distress; husbands' conflict avoidance provided a buffering effect for wives in the context of high husband hostile responsiveness. Results underscore the importance of differentiating hostile and distancing behaviors and, further, assessing withdrawal outside of the context of marital conflict. Language: en
The role of small redundant actuators in precise manipulation

With the goal of developing human-like dextrous manipulation, we investigate how the central nervous system uses the redundant control space of the human hand to perform tasks with force-stiffness requirements. Specifically, while the human hand is actuated by several muscles with varying mechanical advantage (called the moment arm), it is unclear how each muscle is used. Using the Anatomically Correct Testbed (ACT) robotic hand to compute the control solution space and human-subject experiments with surface electromyography to measure biological control strategy, we identified that there is significant redundancy in the control spaces of both muscles with large moment arms and muscles with small moment arms. However, the central nervous system was selective about the solution for muscles with large moment arms, while it chose to span large regions of the available control space for muscles with small moment arms. Furthermore, the biological solution used low-moment-arm muscles at relatively high actuation levels. We summarize by making inferences on why the central nervous system chooses such a strategy and how this can help robotic manipulation.
Dislocation-Based Approximate Solution of the Plastic Zone of the Mode II Crack in an Elastic Perfectly Plastic Solid

A dislocation-based (approximate) solution is found for the stress-strain field of the plastic zone (in small-scale yielding) of the stationary mode II crack in an elastic perfectly plastic and incompressible solid. General dislocation equations applicable for plane strain elastic-plastic conditions are presented and used to solve the problem. These equations have broader application than to the particular problem of the paper. The solution is obtained with use of dislocation crack tip shielding and the dislocation crack extension force. Derived dislocation boundary conditions which play an important role in the analysis are B t = 0 at an elastic–plastic boundary and, at elastic–plastic, plastic–plastic and crack plane boundaries, the jump condition [(1 – v )/2 G ) {∂σ tt /∂ x n } jump = { t· B } jump + ∂ B n /∂ x t , where G is the shear modulus, σ tt is the non-traction stress, v is Poisson’s ratio. B is the (area) dislocation density vector. B is the surface dislocation density vector and t and n are the tangential and normal directions to a boundary. The strain compatibility equation is [ G /(1 – v )] (∇ x B ) z = ∇ 2 ½(σ nn + σ tt ). The near tip strain and stress contours of fan sectors are given by the equation r = r c h(θ) , where r c is a constant and the azimuthal function h(θ) is given by the equation h9" + 9 h9 = ( p 0 – 2 θ ) ( h" + h ), where p 0 is a constant and a prime denotes ∂/∂ θ . The (approximate) elastic region stress field solution is presented in the companion paper to this one. A mode I crack solution, similar in its structure to the mode II crack solution, also is presented in the paper. This latter solution is shown in the companion paper to be flawed.
Compressing Functional Tests for Microprocessors

In the past, test data volume reduction techniques have concentrated heavily on scan test data content. However, functional vectors continue to be utilized because they target unique defects and failure modes. Hence, functional vector compression can help alleviate the cost of functional test. Scan vector compression techniques are generally unsuitable in the functional domain and techniques specially tailored for functional test compression are required. Additionally, it may be possible to perform compression and decompression using software techniques without incurring the overhead of dedicated hardware. This paper proposes a set of software techniques targeted towards functional test compression.
On the Concept of Damage in Creep and in the Brittle-Elastic Range:

A comparative examination of the concept of damage in creep and in the brittle-elastic range is given. Differences between these two classes of problems are dis cussed. It is pointed out, in partic...
Field calibration unit for ultraviolet spectroradiometers

Horizontal standard lamps calibrate the spectral irradiance responsivity of spectroradiometers that measure solar ultraviolet irradiance. A field calibration unit and power supply developed to meet the requirements for using these standards in the field are described and their operation and associated uncertainties are detailed. Results from assessments obtained at two field instrument intercomparisons indicate that the horizontal standard, field calibration unit, and power supply operate within the design tolerances, making them suitable for performing routine calibrations in the field on most ultraviolet spectroradiometers.
Randomized, prospective, observational simulation study comparing residents' needle-guided vs free-hand ultrasound techniques for central venous catheter access

Background Short-axis ultrasound-guided placement of central venous catheters (CVCs) is widely accepted as safe practice. However, utilizing the long-axis approach could further improve safety, as it allows for better visualization of the needle as it is advanced to the target vessel. However, the long-axis approach has not widely been used due to the technical difficulty. Recently, a new needle guidance device has become available to aid in the long-axis approach. We hypothesized that the use of a needle guide paired with the long-axis approach would facilitate puncture of the target vessel in a simulation model more effectively than similar free-hand techniques. Methods A prospective observational study of anaesthesia residents using a CVC partial-task training device was conducted. Each resident performed needle puncture of the target vessel with three different techniques, assigned in random order: short-axis free hand (S-FH), long-axis free hand (L-FH), and long-axis needle guide (NG). To prove the effectiveness of the needle guide, the fraction of time the needle tip remained in view of the ultrasound was recorded and compared. Time required for completing the task and the number of needle sticks and needle re-directions were compared. Results Thirty-three residents participated in the study. The fraction of time the needle tip remained in view of the ultrasound was significantly higher for the residents using NG [0.90 (0.10)] compared with residents using the other techniques [L-FH: 0.36 (0.20), S-FH: 0.18 (0.10)] (P Conclusions The needle guide device used in the long-axis approach improved the needle visualization compared with free-hand techniques. The needle guide used in the long-axis technique, however, did not facilitate puncture of the target vessel in this simulation model when compared with free-hand techniques.
Expression of MMP-13 (collagenase-3) in long-term cultures of human dental pulp cells.

Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13 or collagenase-3) is a member of the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced in high amounts by cells with mineralising potential. Human dental pulp has been shown to express high levels of MMP-13 RNA. Objective: Since human dental pulp derived cells (HDPC) are known to possess osteoprogenitor properties, we investigated the pattern of expression of MMP-13 in long-term cultures of those cells under conditions that support mineralisation in vitro. Design: Impacted teeth or teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes were used to obtain dental pulp explants and HDPC were cultured for approximately 5 weeks. Pro- and active MMP-13 levels were determined in the cell culture supernatants by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell growth was evaluated through DNA content and osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red staining. Results: Mineralising cultures of HDPC produced significantly higher levels of pro-MMP-13 compared to control cultures. Both pro- and active MMP-13 levels displayed a characteristic peak that was found to coincide with the peak in alkaline phosphataseactivity and the onset of mineralisation. Once mineralisation was firmly established, MMP-13 expression was significantly reduced. Conclusions: Evidence from this study suggests a role for MMP-13 in the transition of human dental pulp cells to a mature mineralising phenotype and points to MMP-13 as a possible marker in HDPC differentiation.
A Web-Services Framework for 1451 Sensor Networks

The following paper provides an architectural proposal and integrate common Web-services methodologies (XML based messaging, XML based transformation tools, Web-service tools and platforms) in order to facilitate the development of a Web-services based 1451.1 NCAP information model. A distinct separation exists within the 1451.1 NCAP model based on an internal service structure (characterized as internal methods/functions for representation of the 1451.1 object-oriented models) and an external service structure (characterized as 1451 standards based interfaces to transducer components and external network communications). Network visible operations, such as publishing sensory data-readings, are facilitated via a Web-services communication platform, based on WSDL interfaces and WS-eventing services bound to the SOAP protocol. This work entails in the development of a software/Web-services based tool which can expose internal NCAP function-block operations/methods as network visible operations to a remote HMI. The NCAP's data-model is modelled via an XML data representation which complies with the integrity of the proposed IEEE 1451.1 standard's object-oriented model
The Use of Neutralized Soybean Oil Soapstock for Broilers

Abstract Comparative broiler feeding experiments were conducted with a neutralized, dried soybean soapstock (N.D.S.S.) and an animal and vegetable commercial feed fat (C.F.F.), fed at 4% of diet. In the first experiment, four replicates of 20 chicks each were fed the C.F.F. and four replicates of 20 chicks each were given the same type of diet in which N.D.S.S. was substituted for the C.F.F. This format was repeated in the second experiment. The results of both experiments showed no significant differences in body weights or feed conversion between the groups fed either the N.D.S.S. or the C.F.F. No differences in rate of mortality were observed with either treatment. N.D.S.S. produced a shank pigmentation score significantly greater than that obtained with feeding C.F.F. These results demonstrate that N.D.S.S. can be used successfully in broiler feeds as a source of energy and a pigmenter. The production of N.D.S.S. does not present a problem of waste disposal.
Multigenerational epigenetic inheritance in humans: DNA methylation changes associated with maternal exposure to lead can be transmitted to the grandchildren

We report that the DNA methylation profile of a child's neonatal whole blood can be significantly influenced by his or her mother's neonatal blood lead levels (BLL). We recruited 35 mother-infant pairs in Detroit and measured the whole blood lead (Pb) levels and DNA methylation levels at over 450,000 loci from current blood and neonatal blood from both the mother and the child. We found that mothers with high neonatal BLL correlate with altered DNA methylation at 564 loci in their children's neonatal blood. Our results suggest that Pb exposure during pregnancy affects the DNA methylation status of the fetal germ cells, which leads to altered DNA methylation in grandchildren's neonatal dried blood spots. This is the first demonstration that an environmental exposure in pregnant mothers can have an epigenetic effect on the DNA methylation pattern in the grandchildren.
Torsional Dynamic Response of Solid Media

A new, practical method is proposed for solving the partial differential equations describing the dynamic behavior of either linear elastic or nonlinear inelastic multi-dimensional continua. The ultimate application of the method is the prediction of the dynamic response of foundations to loads having a broad range of intensities. Stresses, particle velocities and partial derivatives are computed numerically for points within the medium giving a detailed description of dynamic response. Since few approximations are introduced, solutions are accurate. The method is applied to the equations describing the axisymmetric torsional behavior of a three-dimensinal medium. Multi-dimensional linear and nonlinear torsional solutions are obtained. Examples in which one-dimensional behavior is approximated are discussed. Linear solutions agree with theory. Nonlinear solutions, for which theoretical solutions are not found, satisfy energy balance requirements. The effects of shearing nonlinear inelasticity on dynamic response are found to be significant.
Receptive fields and response properties of neurons in the star-nosed mole's somatosensory fovea.

Star-nosed moles have an extraordinary mechanosensory system consisting of 22 densely innervated nasal appendages covered with thousands of sensitive touch domes. A single appendage acts as the fov...