cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thymoglobulin (Polyclonal Rabbit Anti Thymocyte Globulin) Has In Vivo Activity in a Mouse Model of Myeloma.

Background: Multiple myeloma remains incurable with current approaches and newer therapies are needed to improve the outcome of these patients. While monoclonal antibody based therapies have been successful in some of the hematological malignancies, such approaches have had limited efficacy in the setting of myeloma. Thymoglobulin (polyclonal rabbit antithymocyte globulin, Genzyme) (Thymo) has been extensively evaluated in the setting of allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation and solid organ transplants. Given the polyclonal nature of this product, with antibodies against different B cell antigens, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of Thymo in myeloma. Methods: MM cell lines were cultured in RPMI 1640 containing 10% fetal bovine serum supplemented with L-Glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin. The KAS-6/1 cell line was also supplemented with 1 ng/ml IL-6. Cytotoxicity following drug treatment was measured using the MTT viability assay. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI in cell lines and Apo 2.7 in primary patient plasma cells. Shifts in expression of a variety of different B cell and plasma cell antigens were examined on several different myeloma cell lines following Thymo treatment in order to identify the potential antigenic targets. In vivo activity of thymo was evaluated in a SCID plasmacytoma model injected with RPMI myeloma cell lines. Results: rATG was cytotoxic in vitro to several MM cell lines (RPMI 8226, U266, OPM1, OPM2) including the IL-6 dependent cell line Kas6/1 with LC50 of around 1 mg/mL. Additionally, thymo was cytotoxic MM cell lines resistant to conventional agents such as doxorubicin (Dox40), melphalan (LR5) and dexamethasone (MM1R). Thymo induced apoptosis in MM cell lines and in patient derived primary myeloma cells. When tested in combination with other anti-myeloma agents an additive effect was seen with doxorubicin, PS341 and melphalan. Using competitive flow cytometry, we identified CD138, CD38, Cd45, CD126, CD49d (VLA4), as well as CD20 as antigens likely to be targeted by Thymo. Tumor bearing mice injected with Thymo at two different doses (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for five days) had significantly delayed tumor growth compared to non-injected mice, and this translated into a better survival for these mice. Mice receiving 10 mg/kg dose had a slower tumor growth compared to 5 mg/kg dose (Figure). Conclusions: Thymoglobulin has promising in vitro and in vivo activity in the setting of myeloma. These studies will provide the rational for future clinical development of this agent in myeloma alone or in combination with other agents. Based on these results, we are in the process of initiating a clinical trial combining Thymo with Melphalan.
Trapping of an NiII Sulfide by a CoI Fulvene Complex

The reaction of [LtBuNiII(SCPh3)] (LtBu = {(2,6-iPr2C6H3)NC(tBu)}2CH) with Cp*2Co yields a NiI cobaltocenium thiolate complex, [LtBuNiI(SCH2Me4C5)Co(Cp*)] (1), along with HCPh3. Formation of this complex is proposed to occur via the reaction of a transient NiII sulfide, [Cp*2Co][LtBuNiII(S)], with a CoI fulvene complex, [CoCp*(C5Me4CH2)]. The latter complex is formed in situ by reaction of [Cp*2Co]+ with [CPh3]−. Control experiments, as well as cyclic voltammetry measurements of 1, are used to support the proposed mechanism.
A Programmable Hardware Accelerator for Simulating Dynamical Systems

The fast and energy-efficient simulation of dynamical systems defined by coupled ordinary/partial differential equations has emerged as an important problem. The accelerated simulation of coupled ODE/PDE is critical for analysis of physical systems as well as computing with dynamical systems. This paper presents a fast and programmable accelerator for simulating dynamical systems. The computing model of the proposed platform is based on multilayer cellular nonlinear network (CeNN) augmented with nonlinear function evaluation engines. The platform can be programmed to accelerate wide classes of ODEs/PDEs by modulating the connectivity within the multilayer CeNN engine. An innovative hardware architecture including data reuse, memory hierarchy, and near-memory processing is designed to accelerate the augmented multilayer CeNN. A dataflow model is presented which is supported by optimized memory hierarchy for efficient function evaluation. The proposed solver is designed and synthesized in 15nm technology for the hardware analysis. The performance is evaluated and compared to GPU nodes when solving wide classes of differential equations and the power consumption is analyzed to show orders of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency.
Estimating aftershock collapse vulnerability using mainshock intensity, structural response and physical damage indicators

Abstract This paper describes statistical models for estimating aftershock collapse vulnerability of buildings using mainshock intensity, structural response and physical damage indicators. The performance of mainshock-damaged buildings is assessed by performing Incremental Dynamic Analyses to collapse using sequential ground motions. Alternative dependent variables are suggested including the ratio of the conditional collapse probability for the damaged and intact buildings. Challenges arising from strong correlation among predictors are addressed using more advanced methods, including Best Subset Regression, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, Principal Components Analysis and Gaussian Kernel Ridge Regression. The models are evaluated based on their accuracy and stability while dealing with issues stemming from high dimensionality. Overall, Gaussian Kernel Ridge Regression is the most favorable model based on the accuracy and stability of its predictions. Of the three types of predictors, those related to observable physical damage to key structural components produced the most accurate and stable estimates of aftershock collapse vulnerability.
Alcohol’s Role in Social Reactions to Sexual Assault Disclosures: A Qualitative Study of Informal Support Dyads:

Studies of informal support dyads are lacking to understand the disclosure of sexual assaults and social reactions informal supporters make to survivors. This study of 19 informal support dyads using interview data examined how three relationship types-significant others (i.e., romantic partners), family, and friends-differ in social reactions to sexual assaults in the context of drinking or alcohol problems. It was expected that alcohol's role in responses to such disclosures would differ depending on relationship type as well as role alcohol played in the assault and/or in the survivor's life or those in her social network, including the perpetrator. Results show that alcohol has mixed effects and that alcohol-related assaults as well as contexts where survivors, perpetrators, and/or their support networks have alcohol problems need further study to understand how such disclosures and social reactions occur and the impact they have on survivors, their relationships, and recovery.
Arion: A Model-Driven Middleware for Minimizing Data Loss in Stream Data Storage

In large-scale data stream management systems, sampling rate of different sensors can change quickly in response to changed execution environment. However, such changes can cause significant load imbalance on the back-end servers, leading towards performance degradation and data loss. To address this challenge, in this paper, we present a model-driven middleware service (i.e., Arion) that uses a two-step approach to minimize data loss. Specifically, Arion constructs models and algorithms for overload prediction for heterogeneous systems (where different streams can have different sampling rates and message sizes) leveraging limited execution traces from homogeneous systems (where each stream has the same sampling rate and message size). Subsequently, when an overload condition is predicted (or detected), Arion first leverages the a priori constructed models to identify the streams (if any) that can be split into multiple substreams to scale up the performance and minimize data loss without allocating additional servers. If the software based solution turns out to be inadequate, in the second stage, the system allocates additional servers and redirects streams to stabilize the system leveraging the models. Extensive evaluation on a 6 node cluster using Apache Cassandra for various scenarios shows that our approach can predict the potential overload condition with high accuracy (81.9%) while minimizing data loss and the number of additional servers significantly.
Encore Adulthood: A Time to Reimagine (Again):

Over the course of her career, Phyllis Moen has contributed important insights about the experiences of older adults, at work and at home. She has investigated topics such as the gendered nature of...
Implementation of a Hermitian decoder IC in 0.35μm CMOS

This paper presents t,he first integrated circuit implementation of a Hermitian dwoder thereby proving its practical viability. Hermitian codes provide much larger block lengths (n = 4080) compared to that of the popular Reed-Solomon (RS) codes (n = 256) over the same field (GF(256)). This translates to a coding gain of 0.6 dB for the same rate. However, Hermitian codes were deemed to be too complex to implement until the emergence of a recent algorithmic breakthrough which made the complexity of Hermitian decoders comparable to that of RS codes. Based on Koetter's decoding algorithm, the chip architecture consists of an array of sixteen interdependent Berlekamp-Massey algorithin (BMA) blocks. Thus, the same IC can be used for decoding RS codes as well. The decoder IC is designed in a 3.3V, 0.35pm, four-metal CMOS process and can correct up to t = 60 errors per block of n = 4080 words at a rate of 400 Mb/s. The IC prototype consumes 3.0 W with a 50 MHz clock.
Maximum QTc on Holter electrocardiography in children.

Background Corrected QT interval (QTc) on electrocardiography (ECG) at rest and after exercise in a short daytime recording period may be insufficient for the diagnosis and management of long QT syndrome (LQTS), especially for LQTS type 2 and 3. Therefore, examination of QTc on Holter ECG is important. We designed a method of analyzing QTc on Holter ECG that can be performed in daily clinical practice by combining automatic and manual measurements. Methods We reviewed the charts of healthy children (n = 210) and LQTS patients (n = 35) aged Results The QTc (Fridericia's correction) of most controls and LQTS patients reached the maximum at night or early in the morning. QTc differed according to sex and age. In the control group, QTc on ECG of all three types tended to lengthen with age. QTc after exercise was slightly longer than QTc at rest, and the maximum QTc on Holter ECG was much longer than both, reaching >450 ms in boys and 500 ms in girls. In most LQTS type 1 patients, QTc after exercise and that on Holter ECG tended to be long. In most LQTS type 2 and 3 patients, QTc at rest and that after exercise was long, and that on Holter ECG tended to be much longer. Conclusions The present method of analyzing QTc on Holter ECG, in which automatic and manual measurements are combined, is practical and may be useful for diagnosis and risk stratification of LQTS.
Constituting the ‘sexually violent predator’: Law, forensic psychology, and the adjudication of risk

Considerable socio-legal scholarship demonstrates law’s constitutive power, and much criminological research has considered the effects of actuarial risk assessment. However, these strands have rar...
Increasing the Use of Palliative and Hospice Services

Abstract Palliative and hospice services are underutilized as medical interventions. There is a stigma attached to these types of care. People synonymously use phrases such as “giving up” or “ending the fight” to describe palliative and hospice practices. However, research has proven many benefits to including these types of services in the care of those battling cancer regardless of how close they are to death. They can prolong life and increase quality of life at the end of life for both the patient and family. However, there are barriers to these practices that need to be addressed. Uncertain prognosis, misunderstanding of services, and difficulty initiating emotional conversations are just some of the obstacles that block the benefits of palliative and hospice care from being obtained. To increase services, the negative connotation associated with “palliative care” and “hospice care” must be overcome. Conversations about prognosis and treatment options must take place upon a cancer diagnosis. If palli...
The effect of oral dexamethasone on the circadian rhythm of aqueous humor flow in humans

PURPOSE: To determine if the circadian rhythm of plasma corticosteroid activity is necessary for the circadian rhythm of aqueous humor flow to occur in humans. METHODS: Twenty normal volunteers were recruited for this randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study. Oral dexamethasone was given at a dose of 0.5 mg every 6 hours; this is equivalent to more than two times the normal 24-hour endogenous adrenal corticosteroid production. This dosage schedule will maintain a relatively constant level of corticosteroid action throughout a 24-hour period. Topical fluorescein and a scanning fluorophotometer were used to measure the rate of aqueous humor flow. Subjects were studied on two separate days. On one study day, the subject took 0.5 mg of dexamethasone every 6 hours; on the other study day, the same subject took a placebo every 6 hours. RESULTS: During the morning, aqueous flow was 4.06 +/- 0.70 microliters/min (mean +/- SD) in subjects taking dexamethasone and 3.82 +/- 0.85 in subjects taking a placebo. This 6% higher dexamethasone flow was not significant (P = 0.10). During the afternoon, aqueous flow was 3.83 +/- 0.78 in subjects taking dexamethasone and 3.52 +/- 0.77 in subjects taking a placebo. This 9% higher dexamethasone flow was statistically significant (P = 0.02). The nighttime aqueous flow was 1.38 +/- 0.45 in subjects taking dexamethasone and 1.43 +/- 0.34 in subjects taking the placebo. There was not a significant difference between placebo and dexamethasone during the night (P = 0.40). On each day, intraocular pressure was measured at 8:00 AM, 4:00 PM, and 6:00 AM. When comparing dexamethasone to placebo, no significant difference was observed in any of the intraocular pressures. CONCLUSIONS: The study is interpreted as showing that the reduction of aqueous humor flow during sleep can occur in the absence of a comparable fall in plasma corticosteroid pathway.
Serum Antibodies Against Desipramine as a Possible Cause for Thrombocytopenia

In vitro tests were done on the serum and platelets of two patients who had thrombocytopenia while taking desipramine (Pertofrane®), the active metabolite of imipramine (Tofranil®). The indirect agglutination test with barium sulfate demonstrated the presence of antibodies against desipramine (titer of 1:256). Follow-up studies showed decreasing antibody titers in both patients after discontinuation of the drug. By complete inhibition of clot retraction and by platelet agglutination, the platelets were shown to be involved in the antigen-antibody reaction. The antibodies against desipramine were characterized as 7S-IgG types for both patients. The characterization of antibodies may prove to be a useful step in clarifying the mechanisms involved in drug-induced blood dyscrasias.
Gastroenteropancreatic and Bronchopulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms, Genetics of

Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) and bronchopulmonary (BP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) represent the second most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy and exhibit a poor prognosis, but their etiopathogenesis is unknown. This article explores the mechanisms and genetic basis for the etiopathogenesis of this heterogeneous disease, highlighting the significantly different genetic abnormalities that occur in each tumor subtype.
The Role of Onabotulinum Toxin Type A in the Management of Chronic Non-Migraine Headaches (P4.137)

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of onabotulinum toxin type A (Botox®) in treating multiple, chronic non-migraine headaches Background: FDA has approved Botox® for the prophylactic treatment of chronic migraines. Recent studies have explored its potential new indications, like treating post-traumatic headaches. Design/Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of 717 patients, who had failed at least two prophylactic treatments and received Botox® at University of Missouri Hospital from July 2014 to June 2017. Patient demographics, headache type, associated symptoms, prophylaxes tried were reported. Patient’s pain severity (numeric pain scale) and frequency (number of headache days/month) pretreatment, at 6 months, and at 12 months were collected. Results: 53 patients (14 male, 39 female) age 42.5±1.9 (range 17–73) were included. Post-traumatic (20.8%), mixed headaches with post-traumatic and migraine (22.6%), and pseudotumor cerebri (9.4%) were common. Compared to pretreatment (7.0±0.3), pain severity for all headache types reduced at both 6 months (3.1±0.3, p Conclusions: Onabotulinum toxin type A is effective in treating multiple types of chronic non-migraine headaches. Disclosure: Dr. Jia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lucchese has nothing to disclose. Dr. Scheitler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Govindarajan has nothing to disclose.
Facebook v. Sullivan: Public Figures and Newsworthiness in Online Speech

In the United States, there are now two systems to adjudicate disputes about harmful speech. The first is older and more established: the legal system in which judges apply constitutional law to limit tort claims alleging injuries caused by speech. The second is newer and less familiar: the content-moderation system in which platforms like Facebook implement the rules that govern online speech. These platforms are not bound by the First Amendment. But, as it turns out, they rely on many of the tools used by courts to resolve tensions between regulating harmful speech and preserving free expression—particularly the entangled concepts of “public figures” and “newsworthiness.” This Article offers the first empirical analysis of how judges and content moderators have used these two concepts to shape the boundaries of free speech. It first introduces the legal doctrines developed by the “Old Governors,” exploring how courts have shaped the constitutional concepts of public figures and newsworthiness in the face of tort claims for defamation, invasion of privacy, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. The Article then turns to the “New Governors” and examines how Facebook’s content-moderation system channeled elements of the courts’ reasoning for imposing First Amendment limits on tort liability. By exposing the similarities and differences between how the two systems have understood these concepts, this Article offers lessons for both courts and platforms as they confront new challenges posed by online speech. It exposes the pitfalls of using algorithms to identify public figures; explores the diminished utility of setting rules based on voluntary involvement in public debate; and analyzes the dangers of ad hoc and unaccountable newsworthiness determinations. Both courts and platforms must adapt to the new speech ecosystem that companies like Facebook have helped create, particularly the way that viral content has shifted normative intuitions about who deserves harsher rules in disputes about harmful speech, be it in law or content moderation. Finally, the Article concludes by exploring what this comparison reveals about the structural role platforms play in today’s speech ecosystem and how it illuminates new solutions. These platforms act as legislature, executive, judiciary, and press—but without any separation of powers to establish checks and balances. A change to this model is already occurring at one platform: Facebook is creating a new Oversight Board that will hopefully provide due process to users on the platform’s speech decisions and transparency about how content-moderation policy is made, including how concepts related to newsworthiness and public figures are applied.
Exploratory factor analysis of The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) in a low-income hispanic sample of preschool aged children.

The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) is an important measure to assess parent feeding practices as it encompasses a broad range of feeding behaviors, not just behaviors negatively associated with child weight outcomes. However, parent feeding practices have been shown to differ across ethnicities and the CFPQ has not been tested among low-income, Hispanic-American parents with preschool-aged children, a group at elevated risk for developing obesity. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the present Hispanic-American sample of Head Start mothers with preschoolers to confirm the original 12-factor, 49-item structure of the CFPQ. Because the original factor structure was not confirmed in the present Hispanic-American sample, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the CFPQ in this sample (n = 187). Among this sample, a five-factor model with 34 items was found to more appropriately assess parent feeding practices than the original 12-factor, 49-item CFPQ. This study provides preliminary validation of the CFPQ for use among low income, Hispanic-American families. Although future research is needed to replicate findings among a larger sample, this study takes an important first step toward more accurately assessing parent feeding practices among this high-risk population to inform tailored interventions that aim to reduce economic and ethnic disparities in child obesity.
An analysis of the changing social bases of America's political parties: Group support in the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections

Abstract In this note I address two questions: 1.) what were the group bases of the U.S. electoral coalitions in 2012 and 2016? 2.) how have the group bases of support changed in the past decades? I determine social group memberships significantly influence individual partisanship with a multivariate analysis using ANES data. I then measure how many votes each politically relevant social group contributed to the party coalitions in each presidential election between 1972 to 2016. I go on to discuss how group contributions have changed and discuss the demographic and behavioral forces driving these changes. The defection of college educated whites from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party was the most pronounced change from 2012 to 2016, but the Democratic Party's steadily increasing reliance on ethnic and racial minority groups remains the most important long-term trend. Overall, I find that the party coalitions in 2012 and 2016 were relatively stable and most changes were continuations of decades long trends, despite perceptions there has been a sudden realignment.
Rapid cold hardening protects against sublethal freezing injury in an Antarctic insect

ABSTRACT Rapid cold hardening (RCH) is a type of beneficial phenotypic plasticity that occurs on extremely short time scales (minutes to hours) to enhance insects9 ability to cope with cold snaps and diurnal temperature fluctuations. RCH has a well-established role in extending lower lethal limits, but its ability to prevent sublethal cold injury has received less attention. The Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica, is Antarctica9s only endemic insect and has a well-studied RCH response that extends freeze tolerance in laboratory conditions. However, the discriminating temperatures used in previous studies of RCH are far below those ever experienced in the field. Here, we tested the hypothesis that RCH protects against non-lethal freezing injury. Larvae of B. antarctica were exposed to control (2°C), direct freezing (−9°C for 24 h) or RCH (−5°C for 2 h followed by −9°C for 24 h). All larvae survived both freezing treatments, but RCH larvae recovered more quickly from freezing stress and had a significantly higher metabolic rate during recovery. RCH larvae also sustained less damage to fat body and midgut tissue and had lower expression of two heat shock protein transcripts (hsp60 and hsp90), which is consistent with RCH protecting against protein denaturation. The protection afforded by RCH resulted in energy savings; directly frozen larvae experienced a significant depletion in glycogen energy stores that was not observed in RCH larvae. Together, these results provide strong evidence that RCH protects against a variety of sublethal freezing injuries and allows insects to rapidly fine-tune their performance in thermally variable environments.
Uterine tachysystole: a survey of CAOG members suggests persistent ambiguity.

Objectives: Uterine tachysystole (TS) has been defined by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists (ACOG) as “more than five contractions in 10 minutes, averaged over a 30-minute window...
Concomitant symptoms and etiology analysis of mental retardation children

Objective To investigate the relationship in the concomitant symptoms, etiology and classification of mental retardation(MR) children. Methods 1329 children in Capital Institute of Pediatrics with the clinical diagnosis of MR from January 2003 to December 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The ration between male and female was 1.88 to 1.0. The mean age was 3.15±3.12 years old. The youngest patient was 6 months old. The oldest one was 15 years old. The MR children classification of known causes in non-specific mental retardation children were mostly severe in disease severity (P 0.05). The incidence of convulsion and abnormal posture/muscular tone in non-specific MR chil- dren was significantly higher than that in MR children with dysmorphism (P 0.05). Severe MR children and unknown causes with dysmorphism were significantly higher than that in non-specific MR children (P 0.05). However, in MR children with dysmorphism, the classification of known causes and unknown causes showed no significant differences (P 0.05). Chromosome disorder was most common in MR children with dysmorphism; the cause of 65.37% cases was unknown. Conclusions For MR children with dysmorphism, karyotype analysis should be done as the first step examination. For mental retardation children with convulsion and abnormal posture/muscular tone, other disorders besides chromosome disorder should be considered. The possibility of discovering the etiology of MR is high in children with severe MR of non-specific MR children.
Dietary Supplement Use among Adult Cancer Survivors in the United States.

BACKGROUND Many cancer patients initiate dietary supplement use after cancer diagnosis. How dietary supplement use contributes to the total nutrient intake among cancer survivors as compared with individuals without cancer needs to be determined. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate nutrient intakes from dietary supplements among cancer survivors in relation to their total nutrient intake and compare those with individuals without cancer. METHODS We evaluated the prevalence, dose, and reason for using dietary supplements among 2772 adult cancer survivors and 31,310 individuals without cancer who participated in the NHANES 2003-2016. RESULTS Cancer survivors reported a higher prevalence of any (70.4% vs. 51.2%) and multivitamin/mineral (48.9% vs. 36.6%) supplement use and supplement use of 11 individual vitamins and 8 minerals than individuals without cancer. Overall, cancer survivors had significantly higher amounts of nutrient intake from supplements but lower nutrient intakes from foods for the majority of the nutrients. Compared with individuals without cancer, cancer survivors had a higher percentage of individuals with inadequate intake (total nutrient intake <Estimated Average Requirement or Adequate Intake) for folate, vitamin B-6, niacin, calcium, copper, and phosphorus, due to lower intakes of these nutrients from foods. Cancer survivors also had a higher proportion of individuals with excess intake (total nutrient intake ≥Tolerable Upper Intake Level) for vitamin D, vitamin B-6, niacin, calcium, magnesium, and zinc, contributed by higher intakes of these nutrients from dietary supplements. Nearly half (46.1%) used dietary supplements on their own without consulting health care providers. CONCLUSIONS Cancer survivors reported a higher prevalence and dose of dietary supplement use but lower amounts of nutrient intake from foods than individuals without cancer. The inadequate nutrient intake from foods and the short-term and long-term health impact of dietary supplement use, especially at high doses, need to be further evaluated among cancer survivors.
Provably and Efficiently Approximating Near-cliques using the Tur\'an Shadow: PEANUTS

Clique and near-clique counts are important graph properties with applications in graph generation, graph modeling, graph analytics, community detection among others. They are the archetypal examples of dense subgraphs. While there are several different definitions of near-cliques, most of them share the attribute that they are cliques that are missing a small number of edges. Clique counting is itself considered a challenging problem. Counting near-cliques is significantly harder more so since the search space for near-cliques is orders of magnitude larger than that of cliques. We give a formulation of a near-clique as a clique that is missing a constant number of edges. We exploit the fact that a near-clique contains a smaller clique, and use techniques for clique sampling to count near-cliques. This method allows us to count near-cliques with 1 or 2 missing edges, in graphs with tens of millions of edges. To the best of our knowledge, there was no known efficient method for this problem, and we obtain a 10x - 100x speedup over existing algorithms for counting near-cliques. Our main technique is a space-efficient adaptation of the Turan Shadow sampling approach, recently introduced by Jain and Seshadhri (WWW 2017). This approach constructs a large recursion tree (called the Turan Shadow) that represents cliques in a graph. We design a novel algorithm that builds an estimator for near-cliques, using an online, compact construction of the Turan Shadow.
Electrons in a Magnetic Field

In this chapter we shall describe the behavior of free nonrelativistic electrons in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. First we shall give the classical description of the motion and then present the quantum mechanical treatment. We hope that this presentation will be of some use to those interested in this subject, treatment of which is presently scattered piecemeal through many books and original publications.
Abstract 1390: Inhibition of the catalytic activity of hUNG2 sensitizes multiple cancer cell lines to 5-FdUrd killing

Previously reported shRNA knockdown studies have established that expression of the DNA repair enzyme human uracil DNA glycosylase (hUNG2) is protective against 5-flourodeoxyuridine (5FdUrd) cell killing in p53 mutated cancer cell lines, but not in cell lines with functional p53. Here we take a different approach to understanding the role of hUNG2 in 5FdUrd chemotherapy by selectively inhibiting the catalytic activity of hUNG2 using the small bacterial inhibitor protein UGI. UGI binds extremely tightly to the DNA binding and catalytic site of hUNG2, effectively mimicking the impact of a small molecule inhibitor and allowing us to explore the potential therapeutic vulnerabilities that loss of hUNG2 activity produces in p53 mutated and wild-type cancer cells. Accordingly, we used lentiviral transduction to introduce UGI, under control of a doxycycline-inducible promoter, into a large panel of cancer cell lines. In vitro hUNG2 activity measurements using cell extracts established that all lines had robust activity before induction of UGI and undetectable activity after induction. We find that some wild-type and mutant p53 cancer lines from different tissues show significant increases in drug sensitivity. For instance, the p53 wild-type MCF7 breast cancer line showed a 10,000-fold increase in sensitivity, while the p53 mutant HT29 colorectal cancer line showed a 50-fold increased sensitivity. Overall, the results do not support the proposal that p53 status itself determines whether a cancer cell will be sensitized to 5FdUrd in the presence of hUNG2 inhibition. Ongoing studies are focused on identifying the cellular factors that contribute to drug sensitivity under conditions of hUNG2 inhibition. Realizing the full therapeutic benefit of 5FdUrd requires identification of the cancer cell phenotypes that are sensitized upon hUNG2 inhibition. Citation Format: Eric S. Christenson, Junru Cui, Anthony Gizzi, Mesfin Meshesha, James T. Stivers. Inhibition of the catalytic activity of hUNG2 sensitizes multiple cancer cell lines to 5-FdUrd killing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1390.
Advancing understanding of actinide(III) (Ac, Am, Cm) aqueous complexation chemistry

The positive impact of having access to well-defined starting materials for applied actinide technologies – and for technologies based on other elements – cannot be overstated. Of numerous relevant 5f-element starting materials, those in complexing aqueous media find widespread use. Consider acetic acid/acetate buffered solutions as an example. These solutions provide entry into diverse technologies, from small-scale production of actinide metal to preparing radiolabeled chelates for medical applications. However, like so many aqueous solutions that contain actinides and complexing agents, 5f-element speciation in acetic acid/acetate cocktails is poorly defined. Herein, we address this problem and characterize Ac3+ and Cm3+ speciation as a function of increasing acetic acid/acetate concentrations (0.1 to 15 M, pH = 5.5). Results obtained via X-ray absorption and optical spectroscopy show the aquo ion dominated in dilute acetic acid/acetate solutions (0.1 M). Increasing acetic acid/acetate concentrations to 15 M increased complexation and revealed divergent reactivity between early and late actinides. A neutral Ac(H2O)6(1)(O2CMe)3(1) compound was the major species in solution for the large Ac3+. In contrast, smaller Cm3+ preferred forming an anion. There were approximately four bound O2CMe1− ligands and one to two inner sphere H2O ligands. The conclusion that increasing acetic acid/acetate concentrations increased acetate complexation was corroborated by characterizing (NH4)2M(O2CMe)5 (M = Eu3+, Am3+ and Cm3+) using single crystal X-ray diffraction and optical spectroscopy (absorption, emission, excitation, and excited state lifetime measurements).
Access Without Limits? Revisiting Barriers and Boundaries in the Post-Affordable Care World

In the United States, the understanding of health care and relationships in health care and health insurance settings has evolved over the last century. In the past, care for one’s own health and the relationships between physicians and patients, hospitals and patients, and health insurers and insureds were understood as matters of private concern. Consequently, individuals were responsible for their own care, and parties voluntarily entered into such relationships relying upon private law, especially contract and tort law, to structure the relationships and define rights and duties. Treating health care as a matter of private concern and these relationships as a matter of private ordering did not, however, ensure sufficiently broad access to health care throughout American society. With the passage of time, public law has become an increasingly employed means of increasing access to care, reducing economic and noneconomic barriers, and securing an environment in which individual can pursue their own goods (including their own lives and health). Consequently, health care and provider-patient and health insurer-insured relationships have been redefined as matters of both private and public concern, and both private and public law now govern the complex, hybrid blend of private and public ordering that exists in health care and health insurance settings. Like other public law initiatives enacted in the last century, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) put forward an array of initiatives to increase access to health care, reduce economic and noneconomic barriers, and secure an environment in which individuals can pursue their own goods. In putting forward these initiatives, Congress was cognizant of this hybrid blend of private and public ordering. If the ACA represents something of a culmination of efforts to increase access and reduce barriers to care, the present moment is a good time to revisit some of the fundamental considerations, values, and principles that place legitimate limits on the scope of access to care. These considerations, values, and principles suggest that there are boundaries that should be observed in both private and public law. This Article puts forward two boundaries for consideration: (1) the professional provider’s judgment about medical necessity, effectiveness, and appropriateness; and (2) the provider’s judgment on matters of conscience in the provision of care.
Data driven fuel efficient driving behavior feedback for fleet vehicles

Dependency of the transport sector on fossil fuels is encouraging a significant amount of research in to improving fuel efficiency in vehicles. Three primary techniques are identified for vehicle fuel efficiency improvement: 1) vehicle technology improvements such as drivetrain improvements, 2) traffic infrastructure improvements such as traffic flow management and route selection, and 3) driver behavior changes such as acceleration and deceleration profiles. Out of the 3 techniques, driver behavior changing has the least implementation cost and is able to provide immediate results. Thus, this paper presents a fuel efficient driving behavior identification and feedback architecture that is specific to fleet vehicles. The presented method utilizes historical data from fleet drivers on specific routes and generates fuel optimal velocity profiles that do not affect travel time. The identified velocity profile is the prompted to the driver via a low-cost plug-and-play style un-obstructive display. The display uses an intuitive and easily understandable visualization to prompt drivers on fuel efficient velocity. The presented architecture was tested on the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) bus fleet in real-world driving conditions and was shown to be able to increase the fuel economy by 9% and 20% in two different driving scenarios.
Internal-external control and social reinforcement effects on motor performance.

Abstract The effect of praise and reproof as social reinforcers on the performance of a motor task among young boys high in internal control as compared to external control was determined. Thirty internal control and 30 external control subjects, as selected by the Bialer Locus of Control Scale, were randomly divided into a praise, reproof, and control group. Results failed to support the hypothesis that social reinforcement has greater influence on the motor performance of internal control subjects than for external control subjects. Results were discussed in relation to social learning theory and previous research. An attempt was made to show that the equivocal social reinforcement literature contained some consistency when distinguishing between accuracy and speed motor responses and between learning and performance.
Differentiating Between Arthur Andersen and the Surviving Big Four on the Basis of Auditor Quality: An Empirical Investigation of the Decision to Criminally Prosecute Arthur Andersen

Criminal prosecution of financial reporting-related corporate misconduct is generally acknowledged to be sometimes warranted. The decision to seek an indictment of Arthur Andersen remains controversial, however. Eisenberg and Macey (2004) posit that because the resulting increased concentration (from the Big Five to the Big Four) in the large public company auditing services market was detrimental to consumers of auditing services, criminal prosecution of Arthur Andersen can only be justified if empirical evidence is provided that indicates that Arthur Andersen was a lower quality auditor than the surviving Big Four. In my analysis of 1125 auditees of their litigation commenced 1996 through 2002, I find empirical evidence that the auditor quality of Arthur Andersen was lower than that of the surviving Big Four CPA firms. This finding suggests that there was justification for the exercise of the prosecutorial discretion of the United States Department of Justice in seeking an indictment of Arthur Andersen.
Global Responsibilities and Bioethics: Reflections on the Council of Europe' s Bioethics Convention

Dale Jamieson's article raises the ethical challenges facing humankind in relation to global climate change.1 His thought-provoking analysis also raises the need to confront other ethical challenges facing public health in the global era. This article focuses on the current controversies surrounding bioethics, and concentrates on how the Council of Europe's Bioethics Convention, adopted in November 1996 and signed in April 1997, handles these ethical controversies.2 While global climate change and destruction of ecosystems may have adverse impacts on the world's genetic resources, human manipulation of genes generates many different ethical concerns that people approach with often fundamentally opposite perspectives. The Bioethics Convention provides an excellent case study of the ethical difficulties states and peoples will face in coming to grips with the moral implications of the advances in scientific technologies. Generally, bioethics concerns the reasoned comments and evaluation of human interventions of all kinds into life processes, be they plant, animal, or human. Bioethics does not consist of a school of ethics, or even of special rules and principles for physicians and biologists. Bioethics combines ethical questions relevant to interventions into life processes of all kinds. Thus, it embraces the classical categories of biomedical ethics, animal ethics, and environmental ethics, but also ethical questions relating to gene technology. The recent successful cloning of Dolly the sheep in Scotland in 1997 brought
Evaluación de acero galvanizado estructural frente a la corrosión en atmósfera marina. Parte 1. Resultados después de 1 año de exposición

En esta investigacion se estudia el comportamiento de acero galvanizado en caliente frente a la corrosion en atmosfera marina, como tambien el correspondiente proceso runoff que presenta en el medio. Para el logro del objetivo, se expusieron muestras de acero galvanizado de 10x10x0.6cm, con un espesor de recubrimiento de Zn de 114 μm, en la ciudad de Valparaiso, V Region, Chile. El deterioro del galvanizado fue evaluado por medidas de potencial de corrosion y disminucion del espesor del recubrimiento de cinc “in situ” y morfologia del ataque por microscopia electronica de barrido (MEB). La composicion de los productos de corrosion se determino por difraccion de rayos-X (DRX). Las soluciones runoff recolectadas despues de los eventos de lluvias se analizaron por diferentes tecnicas para determinar pH, contenido de iones Cl- y concentracion de iones Zn+2. Los resultados despues de 1 ano de exposicion de las probetas muestran que el potencial de corrosion del galvanizado aumento en el tiempo, lo que corrobora la formacion de una pelicula protectora de productos de corrosion de cinc, los cuales fueron identificados como cincita (ZnO) y simonkoleita (Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O). Por otra parte, la velocidad de corrosion determinada en el tiempo fue de 16,4 μm/ano. Con respecto a los eventos de lluvia, los valores de pH de las soluciones runoff son similares al pH del agua de lluvia. El contenido de cloruro tambien muestr una tendencia a disminuir y a estabilizarse en el tiempo y la cantidad total de cinc perdida como producto soluble es fuertemente influenciada por la cantidad de lluvia caida, de su duracion y periodicidad entre periodos secos. Palabras clave: Corrosion atmosferica, acero galvanizado en caliente, cloruro, perdida de espesor, runoff.
Pseudomonas Putrefaciens in Dairy Plant Equipment

Summary Ps. putrefaciens was isolated from churns and from the insulation of a leaky vat. At certain points the organism was present in considerable numbers. In addition to Ps. putrefaciens , micrococci, spore-forming bacteria, gram-negative rods and often yeasts and molds were present.
Pain as a symptom of peripheral nerve sheath tumors: clinical significance and future therapeutic directions

Tumors arising from the supporting cells of peripheral nerve sheaths are relatively uncommon neoplasms, and as such many clinicians are unfamiliar with the details of their presentation, diagnosis and management. Further, little is known regarding the pathogenesis of these tumors, how they cause symptoms, and how to treat these symptoms. One classic symptom of peripheral nerve tumors is pain, however there has been little formal discussion regarding the significance of pain in this setting. Here we present a brief review of the clinical significance of pain, its relevance in pre-operative planning for the treatment of these tumors, and what is known regarding the molecular mechanisms of pain generation by these tumors.
Optical interconnections based on elastic spatial-spectral interworking

Optical interconnections can be employed in multidimensional schemes that incorporate ultra-dense arrangements of optical subcarriers in the spectral domain and a multitude of independent modes in the spatial domain, all within the same optical fiber. In this paper we further explore the concept of dynamic optical spatial-spectral interconnections enabling elastic bandwidth arrangement.
ECOLOGICAL FACTORS IN WOOD EVOLUTION: A FLORISTIC APPROACH

Wood florulas from southwestern Australia were analyzed to determine whether wood anatomy is sufficiently correlated with ecology so that vessel element features can be said to have a predictive value. Indices for vulnerability (vessel diam: vessels per sq. mm) and mesomorphy (vulnerability X vessel element length) were calculated for each species in the following florulas: karri forest understory, coastal granitic slopes, bogs, sand heaths, and desert. Wood indices for the species studied and for each florula show that these florulas form a sequence in increasing xeromorphy in the order listed. Genera represented in more than one florula validate the trends. Data for Gyrostemonaceae, Loranthaceae, and Cupressaceae are calculated separately because these are succulents, epiparasites, and conifers, respectively. Comparison with categories from floras elsewhere in the world shows the flora of Western Australia as a whole to be relatively xeromorphic. The indices devised show promise of great reliability because correlations with rainfall, temperature, and other factors are very close. Functional nature of the vessel element is thereby believed to be clarified.
Cigarette Smoking Accelerates Carotid Artery Intimal Hyperplasia in a Dose-Dependent Manner

Background and Purpose Intimal hyperplasia is the single most important cause of early restenosis after carotid endarterectomy. Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor associated with peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular accidents. We undertook a dose-response experiment to determine the effect of cigarette smoke on development of intimal hyperplasia in a rat carotid artery intimal injury model. Methods Seventy-two rats were divided into six equal groups and underwent standardized balloon injury to the carotid artery. Each group received 0 (controls), 1, 2, 3, 6, or 8 cigarettes per day for 4 weeks. Resultant intimal hyperplasia was expressed as a percentage of original lumen replaced by intimal hyperplasia. Results Percent intimal hyperplasia development (±SD) was as follows: controls (0 cigarettes per day), 17.7±13.2; 1 cigarette per day, 22.8±15.0; 2 cigarettes per day, 20.0±14.7; 3 cigarettes per day, 19.2±12.1; 6 cigarettes per day, 43.5±15.5; and 8 cigarettes per day, 36.7±9.8. Si...