cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic and static pressure sensitivities of AQP SAW oscillators

The dynamic and static pressure sensitivities of two "all quartz package" (AQP) surface acoustic wave (SAW) hybrid circuit oscillators, one at 375 MHz and one at 935 MHz, have been evaluated. Dynamic pressure sensitivity measurements were made from 50 Hz to 7 kHz, with pressure levels ranging from 20 to 500 Pa. For the static pressure sensitivity measurements, the pressure varied over the range from zero to two atmospheres in one atmosphere steps. Considerable care was taken in the measurement procedures to identify and minimize the effects of other competing environmental factors such as vibration and temperature changes. The oscillators were tested both with and without alumina stiffeners on the hybrid package's base and cover. The observed dynamic pressure sensitivity at 50 Hz agreed with the static pressure sensitivity within approximately a factor of three or four. The measured dynamic pressure sensitivities were in the range of 1/spl times/10/sup -13/ to 6/spl times/10/sup -12/ fractional frequency change per Pa, while the measured static pressure sensitivities were on the order of 1/spl times/10/sup -13/ fractional frequency change per Pa. Details of the measurement techniques are included and the results described. >
Personality, Suicidal Ideation, and Reasons for Living among Older Adults

Objectives. This study examined associations between diverse types of personality disorder (PD) features, personality traits, suicidal ideation, and protective factors against suicide among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Participants (N = 109, M age = 71.4 years, 61% female) completed the Coolidge Axis II Inventory, NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale, and Reasons for Living Inventory. RESULTS: PD features had positive correlations with suicidal ideation and mixed relationships with aspects of reasons for living. Personality traits had negative correlations with suicidal ideation, with the exception of neuroticism, which had a positive relationship, and were mostly unrelated to reasons for living. In regression analyses, borderline and histrionic were the only PD features that contributed significant variance in suicidal ideation, whereas neuroticism was the only personality trait that contributed significant variance in suicidal ideation. No individual PD features or personality traits contributed significant variance in reasons for living. Discussion. The findings highlight the complexity of risk and protective factors for suicide and suggest that a thorough assessment of suicidal potential among older adults should include attention to their underlying personality traits. Language: en
Modeling and measurement of the acoustic lead sensitivity in sagnac fiber sensor arrays

In this study, a theoretical model of the lead (delay coil and array buses) sensitivity in Sagnac sensor arrays (SSA) for underwater acoustic detection, which induces a spurious pickup and thus a sensor error, is described. In the worst-case scenario, the pickup in a 20-km coil is predicted to be reasonable in deep waters (quietest) (about 17 dB higher than the hydrophone signal) but fairly high (/spl sim/ 52 dB) in shallow waters (noisiest). We show that this pickup can be eliminated for the first few hydrophones in the array by optically folding or double winding the coil, although these approaches are not as effective for the most distant hydrophones in long arrays (/spl ges/ 1 km). These figures are confirmed experimentally in an SSA: Folding a 5-km coil decreased the relative pickup from /spl sim/-42 dB for the first hydrophone and by /spl sim/-8 dB for a hydrophone 1 km down the array. These results concur that for most practical arrays, it is imperative to isolate the coil in an acoustically shielded enclosure, which will reduce the coil pickup to an arbitrarily low level for all hydrophones. Theory and experiment also agree that the pickup in the array buses increases in proportion to the distance along the array. In the worst-case scenario (spherical acoustic wave incident normal to the array), the pickup in a 1-km bus is predicted to be /spl sim/-7 dB in quiet waters and /spl sim/-40 dB in noisy waters. However, in the field, the probability of this event is expected to be extremely low, and these values will be typically at least 15 dB weaker. Nevertheless, in long arrays, the bus pickup must be reduced, which can be achieved by desensitizing the bus fiber and/or pickup subtraction. Combined, these two techniques are expected to make the bus pickup under normal conditions negligible in deep-water applications (/spl sim/-48 dB) and acceptable in noisier shallow-water applications (/spl sim/-15 dB).
HIV Envelope gp120-mediated Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis via Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand (RANKL) Secretion and Its Modulation by Certain HIV Protease Inhibitors through Interferon-γ/RANKL Cross-talk

Accelerated bone resorption leading to osteopenia and osteoporosis has been noted in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive, treatment-naive patients, but it may be greatly increased in incidence in those receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapies that incorporate certain protease inhibitors (PI). The pathophysiology of these processes is unclear. We have documented the induction of the primary cytokine responsible for osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), in T cells exposed to soluble HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. Using a murine osteoclast precursor cell line as well as primary human osteoclast precursors, we demonstrate that pharmacologic levels of two PIs that are linked clinically to osteopenia, ritonavir and saquinavir, abrogate a physiological block to RANKL activity, interferon-γ-mediated degradation of the RANKL signaling adapter protein, TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 6) in proteasomes. In contrast, indinavir and nelfinavir, PIs that may promote or stabilize bone formation in vivo, had no impact on this system. These findings offer a molecular basis for the acceleration of bone resorption by certain PIs and provide the first example of clinically useful drugs that can interfere with the cross-talk between RANKL and interferon-γ via the proteasome. They also suggest a novel therapeutic approach to HIV osteopenia through modulation of these two molecules.
Modality and Self-Reference

Publisher Summary Some self-applied protosyntactical systems related to various modal systems are considered in this chapter . Each of these systems contains one predicate variable P , ranging over properties of the expressions of the system. When an interpretation is provided to the symbol P , each sentence becomes true or false. On selecting an arbitrary set of sentences as axioms and an arbitrary set of inference rules, P can be interpreted to mean provability within the very axiom system. This is essentially referred to self-referential interpretation of the axiom system. The chapter considers only those systems in which this self-referential phenomenon occurs—commonly called as “self-referentially correct.” The chapter also describes δ * , which is an analog of the modal system K4 with certain substitution axioms added, which provides enough fixed-points for the arguments of Godel's second-incompleteness theorem and Lob's theorem to go through the full power of the modal system G. Further, the chapter presents a brief description of some self-referential systems related to modal systems other than K4.
Behind the scenes but not behind the times: Technical services support for New Service Model initiatives

This article demonstrates the importance of bringing technical service support to the forefront of planning major shifts in library collections or services and discusses the impact innovative technical services work can have in reshaping the library landscape. Though technical service work is often performed outside of public view, and, in fact, is often overlooked as the resource it can be within the library, the potential is there for technical services to provide invaluable support in adopting new programs and services in direct support of patron needs and campus priorities. Several examples of recent initiatives are used as case studies to illustrate these points.
International Academy of Commercial and Consumer Law Changing Law for Changing Times, 13th Biennial Meeting: Avoidance of Pre-Bankruptcy Transactions in Multinational Bankruptcy Cases

From the perspective of planning commercial transactions, the application of the avoiding powers may be the single most important aspect of multinational insolvency/bankruptcy cases. The French case is a Court of Appeals case that applies United States law to avoid a pre-bankruptcy transfer of real estate in Bermuda. Being reluctant to litigate the question of the debtor's status as a trader, the trustee wanted to use Cayman avoidance law which applied whether the debtor was a trader or not. Thus in Al Sabah, if the Cayman Islands settlement-avoidance law was not part of its bankruptcy law, and if the Cayman courts had interpreted their law to permit its use by a trustee in bankruptcy, a United States trustee could avoid the settlement under Cayman law and distribute the proceeds in the United States proceeding without the policy anomalies I have asserted above. The analysis is different from the earlier one because the Cayman nonbankruptcy avoidance law would be intended to benefit any creditor, not to protect the creditors specified in a bankruptcy distribution scheme. As things stand, a creditor or other transferee of a cross-border transfer faces a risk of action under a law with seemingly little contact with the transaction or the debtor.
EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF COLD AGGLUTININS IN RABBITS.

The kinetics, serologic and immunochemical characteristics of cold agglutinins (CA) produced in rabbits by the intravenous injection of HKLM serotype 4b have been studied. The cold agglutinin was a γM-immunoglobulin. It agglutinated autologous, allogeneic and human erythrocytes at 4 C. In the presence of complement the CA was hemolytic in vitro and in vivo. The relevance of these observations to concepts of autoimmunity is discussed.
Definition of AC-130H Gunship Energy Maneuvering Capability

The Special Operations Program Office at Warner-Robbins Air Force Base requested that the Air Force Academy Department of Aeronautics develop energy maneuverability charts for the AC-130H gunship. These charts show the relationship between velocity, turn rate, and specific excess power. While these charts exist for the C-130H and other “clean” variants of the C-130 at sea level, they were never developed for the AC-130H. The addition of external weaponry and avionics necessary for the gunship mission adversely impact the drag characteristics of the aircraft and consequently energy maneuverability charts unique to the AC130H were needed. The energy maneuverability charts for the AC-130H were developed using existing C-130H energy maneuverability chart for sea level as well as past wind tunnel research conducted at the United States Air Force Academy. These charts were developed for multiple weights and altitudes and reflected expected trends. Limited in-flight validation of these charts was conducted, allowing the charts to be refined. It is recommended that additional in-flight evaluations be performed.
How to leak test sealed packages.

The third in a series of guides intended to help medical device engineers in specific problem areas.
Effect of inversion on thermoelastic and thermal transport properties of MgAl2O4 spinel by atomistic simulation

MgAl2O4 is commonly found in the normal spinel structure with the Mg2+ ions located in tetrahedral sites and the Al3+ ions occupying octahedral sites. We use atomic-level simulation to characterize the effect of inversion on the elastic and thermal properties. Cation ordering and volumetric changes tend to affect the structure and properties in opposite ways, thereby compensating each other up for up to 50% inversion. For higher inversions, volumetric effects dominate. In the case of the thermal conductivity, the effects of changes in the elastic properties and thermal expansion essentially cancel over the entire range of inversion.
A process for surviving survey design and sailing through survey deployment

Abstract In the Odyssey, Odysseus and his crew must confront Persephone’s Sirens, creatures that sang in irresistible voices and lured sailors to their deaths. Still, adventurers risked the journey for the promise of knowledge, for through the Sirens’ song, “[o]ver all the generous earth [the adventurers] know everything that happens.” With guidance from Circe, the goddess of magic, Odysseus instructed his crew to plug their ears to deafen them from the song. He then had his crew tie him to the mast and commanded them not to release him under any circumstances. And so Odysseus and his crew navigated safely past the Sirens. Odysseus, having heard the Sirens’ song, sailed away a wiser man. Surveys, as with Persephone’s Sirens, are an attractive instrument that offer a similar lure of knowledge. Like Circe, we offer guidance, grounded in our own experiences, on a successful process for understanding the practice of software engineering through surveys.
The Responsibilities of Europe vis-a-vis the NIEO: A Minority View

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a minority view of the responsibilities of Europe vis-a-vis the New International Economic Order. The crisis in relations between the West and the Third World, which has led all parties to have recourse to some form of a new international economic order, arose during this century from the consequences of colonialism, practiced by the three oldest European nation-states, that subjected the peoples conquered by them not only to their own laws but also to their manner of thinking, their mentality, and their modes of work. This is what the kings of the Ile-de-France, of Castile and Aragon, and of England have done to the nations they conquered in the rest of France, in the Iberian Peninsula, and in the British Isles, that is, the Bretons, the Basques, the Catalans and the Iberians, the Scotch, the Irish, and the Gauls. Then they used the same methods on the peoples of the Americas, Southeast Asia, and Africa.
Effects of Coping on Psychological and Physical Health

Stress can adversely affect both psychological and physical health when environmental demands outweigh an individual's psychological and physical resources. Coping strategies are evoked in response to stress and refer to how a person manages and adapts to external and internal difficulties associated with stress. The popularity of coping research coincided with increased attention to stress in the second half of the 20th century because coping is thought to be a major factor in individual differences in psychological and physical response to stress. This entry briefly describes the development of three basic approaches to research in coping (psychoanalytic defense mechanisms, personality-based coping styles, and coping processes), the changes in coping as people age, and the effects of coping on psychological and physical health. Keywords: aging and development psychology; coping; health; stress
Schizophrenia and Affective Psychotic Disorders – Inputs from a Genetic Perspective

A person once walked into my inner city, county hospital, psychiatry office wearing clothing that he had sewn together out of old rubber inner tubes. He explained that he made this outfit to protect himself from infections – a suit of armor for the age of communicable disease. It was a hot day; the person appeared flushed and dehydrated with a dry mouth, absence of perspiration, and pulse of 130. His efforts to protect himself had actually placed him in jeopardy of heat stroke, even more probable because his psychiatric medications had the side effect of altering temperature regulation. How did this person’s behavior become so maladaptive? What happens to the human brain/mind during the development of psychotic behaviors remains one of greatest puzzles confronting both the sciences and the humanities. The human genome and nervous system were “designed” by evolution and by experience to perceive the environment accurately and respond to the environment to enhance the adaptation of both the individual and the species. With so much at stake, how can the brain and mind go so far awry? This chapter will explore some of the behavioral genetic data and theory about the origins of psychoses, termed insanity by the legal system and the public. The key feature of psychoses involves a loss of contact with reality for long periods while remaining fully alert and oriented to one’s surroundings. Delirium, by contrast, involves loss of contact with reality but also involves disturbances where consciousness waxes and wanes, and people become confused. The distinction is crucial since deliria are often the result of severe physiological problems that can be rapidly medically dangerous or fatal. Deliria and psychoses both may involve hallucinations, delusions, and
Entrainment of bed sediment by density underflows

The erosion caused by a density-driven underflow has been studied experimentally. The observations indicate that a strong density current can entrain substantial amounts of bed sediment.
Fictitious Freedom: A Polanyian Critique of the Republican Revival

Prominent republican theorists invoke anonymous orders such as the market as mechanisms that secure freedom as non-domination. Drawing on Karl Polanyi's account of fictitious commodities and demonstration of the impossibility of a just and rational market society, this article critically scrutinizes neo-republican assumptions regarding the market, develops an alternate social theory within which to situate the ideal of non-domination, and illustrates the importance of this reconfiguration for the kind of collective agents and political strategies that can be expected to advance republican freedom in the economy.
Ultra-high conductivity and metallic conduction mechanism of scale-up continuous carbon nanotube sheets by mechanical stretching and stable chemical doping

Abstract Carbon nanotube (CNT) electrically conductive cables, fibers, or tapes are undergoing extensive research. However, the research conducted on these materials with high conductivity has been primarily limited to small samples, such as fibers around 5–10 μm in diameter or sheets less than 1 μm thick. The need for scaling up these samples to manufacture CNT lightweight conducting materials is urgent, yet challenging. This paper reports on our study to produce large-scale continuous CNT sheets with ultra-high electrical conductivity. After mechanical stretching to achieve a high degree of CNT alignment, iodine doping and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) capping was performed, resulting in high electrical conductivity in the range of 10,000 S/cm (the highest value achieved as ∼13,000 S/cm). High CNT alignment and carrier concentration after iodine doping significantly improved the overall conductivity. The superior open air stability of samples, benefiting from the capping layer of PEDOT:PSS, was demonstrated by the very small changes of the conductivity during test period. Additionally, this doping process is scalable for producing continuous highly conductive and lightweight CNT sheets. Metallic conduction behaviors of the aligned and doped large size CNT sheets could provide lightweight conductor applications of CNT materials.
Motivations of Young Adults for Improving Dietary Choices: Focus Group Findings Prior to the MENU GenY Dietary Change Trial.

Background. Young adulthood is often associated with poor dietary habits that may increase risk of obesity and chronic diseases. As independence grows, little is known about strategies to help bala...
Nicotine Receptors in the Central Nervous System

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the evidence supporting the existence of central nicotine receptors and to implicate their role in the central nervous system (CNS). Nicotine has pharmacological effects on the CNS, many of which are marked by the stimulant and depressant phases of action. Nicotine stimulates the CNS, including tremors and convulsions. Central effects include bradycardia and hypotension, antidiuresis, and antinociception as well as alterations in behavior and learning. The central effects of nicotine following intracerebral administration include alterations in body temperature, cardiovascular system, respiration, salivation, motor reflexes, release of vasopressin and corticosteroids, sleep and arousal, nociception, muricide, water intake, neurotransmitter release, and behavior. These myriad effects have created interest in understanding the mechanisms of action of nicotine. It has been shown that nicotine alters all the neurotransmitter systems in the CNS. In addition, nicotine may interact with central receptors that may or may not be directly involved with neurotransmission.
Series expansions and approximations

Chapter 12 dealt with infinite series of numbers and criteria for their convergence. In the same way one can study infinite series of functions $$\sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {{u_k}\left( x \right)} $$ where the functions uk (x) are all defined on a common interval.
On the Counterverbality of ‘Nonverbal’ as a Verbal Term

Those who have studied the folklore of language must certainly have encountered ‘popular etymology’,1 in which “an irregular or semantically obscure [linguistic] form is replaced by a new form of more normal structure and some semantic content—though the latter is often far-fetched” (Bloomfield, 1933, p. 423). So, for instance, “forlorn hope” came into English because the Dutch expression verloren hoop (which means “lost troop”) looked (to the eyes of readers of English) as though it meant “forlorn hope”. Popular etymology may also be illustrated in another way. We could point out (and, we daresay, without untoward redundancy or without restating what might be presumed to be “common knowledge”) that ‘noisome’ is not a variant of ‘noisy’, that ‘fulsome’ (despite its looking like ‘handsome’, ‘toothsome’, and ‘winsome’) is not a synonym for ‘lavish’, and that ‘machination’ has nothing to do with machines. These words may look or sound (or be made to sound) like well-known, similar-looking words. Common sense (whose commonality, despite the order of its words, commonly comes after the sense) then “tells” us (i.e., presumably forewarns us) that such “strong family resemblances” in the appearance of these words must indicate equally strong family resemblances in their meaning as well. But there really is no justification (beyond popular belief—and, hence, popular etymology) to assume that because of similarities in their appearance (i.e., their surface structure) words must somehow be etymologically or semantically related in their deep structure as well. Mark Twain summed all this up in his etymology of ‘Massachusetts’. It was, he insisted, derived from ‘Moses’. Over the years, he explained, the “oses” somehow got lost, and there was added the “assachusetts”!
High capacity aqueous periodate batteries featuring a nine-electron transfer process

We present sodium manganese periodate (NaMnIO6) as a novel cathode material, which exhibited a nine-electron discharge process, for the development of high-performance aqueous battery systems. Purified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were selected as conductive cathode additive. Along with an anion exchange membrane, acid-salt water dual electrolytes were used to reduce anode corrosion. NaMnIO6 showed a specific capacity as high as 750 mAh g-1 in prototype batteries, which was nearly 94% of the theoretical capacity. Different anode metals were studied and the Mg system showed the highest specific energy of 746Wh kg-1. Furthermore, these batteries fabricated using 3D-printed casings also feature replaceable electrodes once they are consumed.
Modeling ex-situ thermal impulse sensor responses to non-isothermal heating profiles

Ex-situ thermal impulse sensing based on irreversible phase transitions has been a developing field over the past two decades. Typically, these techniques determine thermal impulses assuming a perfect isothermal heating profile, which is not the case for real-life temperature profiles in extreme environments (e.g., structural fires, explosions, gas turbines). To better understand how real-world temperature profiles influence the sensors thermal impulse determinations, we perform phenomenological modeling of a thermal impulse sensor’s response to non-isothermal heating with four-key profile characteristics: finite heating rate, nonzero cooling time constant, temperature spikes, and non-isothermal heating due to the finite size of sensors. We find that in all cases, these effects result in the corresponding equivalent isothermal temperature being lower than the peak temperature, while the equivalent isothermal duration is found to either be lengthened or shortened depending on the effect of interest. These results have important implications for the interpretation of thermal impulse calculations from a wide range of ex-situ thermal impulse sensors.
Symptom persistence after vascular ring repair in children

Abstract Purpose Vascular rings are often diagnosed after evaluation for swallowing and breathing difficulties. Data regarding symptoms following vascular ring repair is sparse. We sought to determine whether symptoms persist using chart review and a survey. Methods Sixty-three patients underwent open vascular ring repair from July 2007 to May 2018. Data regarding vascular anatomy, demographics, pre- and postoperative symptoms, and chromosomal abnormalities were collected. Freedom from reoperation, 30-day mortality, and complications were assessed. Patient families were contacted for a symptom focused survey. Results The median age of surgical intervention was 14.4 months (IQR 5.8–34.7 months) for single aortic arches with an aberrant subclavian artery (SAA), and 5.3 months (IQR 1.3–10.1 months) for double aortic arches (DAA) (Table). Prior to surgery, all but two SAA were symptomatic. There was no operative mortality. Three patients required re-exploration for chylothorax, and three required late aortopexy. At last follow-up, 45% (18/40) SAA and 65% (15/23) DAA had post-operative symptoms. Fourteen patient families completed the symptom survey (10 SAA, 4 DAA). Five SAA had breathing and swallowing symptoms, and 3 SAA and 3 DAA had breathing difficulties. Conclusions Open vascular ring repair remains a safe repair. However, further investigation of the persistent symptoms in these patients is merited. Study Type / Level of Evidence Retrospective Comparative Study, Level III
Toward an integrative framework for understanding multimodal L2 writing in the content areas

Abstract Second language (L2) learners in content area classes are expected to perform a range of writing tasks that involve multiple modes beyond language. Traditionally, however, research on multimodality with L2 learners has been approached differently in content versus L2 teaching and learning contexts. In this issue statement, we propose the need for an integrative framework for understanding multimodal L2 writing in the content areas that capitalizes on the complementary nature of these two research areas. After situating this need within U.S. K-12 education policy, we provide a brief overview of theoretical perspectives that have informed research in each area. Then, we identify key differences between these research areas in terms of (a) what modes are considered (i.e., multiple modes vs. linguistic mode) and (b) how those modes are analyzed (i.e., meaning-focused vs. feature-focused). Using a writing sample from an English learner in an elementary science classroom, we illustrate the potential of an integrative framework for providing a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of multimodal L2 writing in the content areas. Implications of an integrative framework and promising directions for future research are also discussed.
Exploring How Nigerian Banks Regulators Enforce Compliance with the Code of Corporate Governance

Frequent bank failures in Nigeria, resulting in enormous losses of investments and jobs, have raised questions about the banks' compliance with the code of corporate governance. This single exploratory qualitative case study focused on the regulators of banks in Nigeria, the CBN, to find out the problems they may be encountering. Purposeful sampling was used to select 25 participants, and data were collected through Semistructured interviews. The agency theory served as the conceptual framework. Findings showed that the CBN had put measures in place to ensure full compliance. Some of which included the installation of robust IT architecture, the recruitment of highly skilled IT personnel, in-depth monthly e-examinations of the banks, application of steep penalties, enforcement of the omnibus clause, and continuous staff training. Findings revealed in this paper show that the Central Bank of Nigeria had implemented several measures that would forestall future bank failures among Nigerian banks.
Third-Person Effect and Hate Speech Censorship on Facebook:

By recruiting 368 US university students, this study adopted an online posttest-only between-subjects experiment to analyze the impact of several types of hate speech on their attitudes toward hate...
Consequences of Repeated Critical Versus Neutral Body Checking in Women With High Shape or Weight Concern.

Abstract Body checking is a repeated behavior conducted in an attempt to gain information about one’s shape, weight, size, or body composition. Body checking is associated with negative behavioral, emotional, and cognitive outcomes and may maintain body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. The precise function and consequences of body checking remain less well understood. Specifically, immediate and delayed impacts of repeated critical body checking (CBC) have not been determined. The current study randomly assigned 142 young women with high shape/weight concern to daily 10-min CBC, neutral body checking (NBC), or a non-body critical checking (NBCC) comparison condition, examining their immediate and delayed (one-week follow-up) effects on body satisfaction, self-esteem, and negative affect. Multilevel modeling and follow-up planned comparisons found that compared to NBCC, CBC participants’ body satisfaction and self-esteem immediately decreased, but negative affect improved from baseline to follow-up. Compared to CBC, NBC participants’ self-esteem and negative affect improved immediately, and their self-esteem improved over time compared to NBCC. Over time, all participants’ state body satisfaction improved, regardless of condition. Our findings suggest a 10-min CBC session may function differently than typical (harmful) in vivo body checking. However, reasons for this difference are unclear. Additional research is needed to distinguish (harmful) in vivo body checking from CBC procedures such as this and other mirror exposure interventions. Research is needed to examine the effects of varying CBC duration and instructions during body exposure to further clarify mechanisms of change during body exposures.
Normal Mode Functions and Initialization

The problem of initialization in numerical weather prediction had its birth with the very first attempt by Richardson (1922) to use numerical computations to predict the weather. As is well-known, Richardson’s forecast was a failure predicting surface pressure changes larger that 1000 hPa over a six hour interval.
Methodological reflections on geographies of blackness

This article argues that work on geographies of Blackness and Black Geographies emphasizes different aspects of Black experiences and relies on different methodologies in making these emphases. I f...
Psychological processes and mechanisms to explain associations between personality traits and outcomes

Abstract Personality traits are associated with important life outcomes, including health and happiness. Personality mechanisms, which combine to form personality processes unfolding over time, provide explanations for the associations between traits and outcomes. Mediating mechanisms identify mediators such as behaviors through which a trait affects an outcome. Moderating mechanisms identify variables, such as other traits or contexts, which moderate the association between a trait and an outcome. Studies illustrating mediating and moderating mechanisms are discussed. A more complete account of a trait-outcome association may involve a combination of mediation and moderation, and examples of studies of these conditional processes, in which the effects of mediators are amplified or attenuated by moderators, are given. The study of personality processes and mechanisms draws on many different aspects of psychology, demanding broad and creative thinking from researchers.
Infectious complications among patients with AML treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Abstract Background: The incidence and spectrum of infections in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in combination with a hypomethylating agents (HMAs) is not known. Nivolumab is a PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor approved in many solid tumors and lymphoma. Materials/Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 75 adult patients at MD Anderson Cancer Center with relapsed/refractory AML treated with azacitidine and nivolumab or with nivolumab and ipilimumab from March 2016 through March 2020 and described the infectious complications that occurred during their treatment. Results: Sixty-four (85%) patients developed an infection during the study period, and bacterial infections were by far the most common type of infection. A comparison of risk factors and characteristic between the 75 patients on CPIs who developed infection and those who did not found that corticosteroid use (odds ratio [OR], 28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-490; P=.02) and lymphopenia (OR, 4; 95% CI, 1-15.5; P=.04) were significantly associated with infections. Conclusion: Patient with relapsed/refractory AML treated with salvage CPI-based therapy were more likely to develop infections when treated with corticosteroids in the setting of an immune-related adverse event, compared to those who were not.
[AnI3(THF)4] (An = Np, Pu) Preparation Bypassing An0 Metal Precursors: Access to Np3+/Pu3+ Nonaqueous and Organometallic Complexes

Direct comparison of homologous molecules provides a foundation from which to elucidate both subtle and patent changes in reactivity patterns, redox processes, and bonding properties across a series of elements. While trivalent molecular U chemistry is richly developed, analogous Np or Pu research has long been hindered by synthetic routes often requiring scarcely available metallic-phase source material, high-temperature solid-state reactions producing poorly soluble binary halides, or the use of pyrophoric reagents. The development of routes to nonaqueous Np3+/Pu3+ from widely available precursors can potentially transform the scope and pace of research into actinide periodicity. Here, aqueous stocks of An4+ (An = Np, Pu) are dehydrated to well-defined [AnCl4(DME)2] (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane), and then a single-step halide exchange/reduction employing Me3SiI produces [AnI3(THF)4] (THF = tetrahydrofuran) in a high to nearly quantitative crystalline yield (with I2 and Me3SiCl as easily removed byproducts). We demonstrate the synthetic utility of these An-iodide molecules, prepared by metal0-free routes, through characterization of archetypal complexes including the tris-silylamide, [Np{N(SiMe3)2}3], and bent metallocenes, [An(C5Me5)2(I)(THF)] (An = Np, Pu)─chosen because both motifs are ubiquitous in Th, U, and lanthanide research. The synthesis of [Np{N(Se═PPh2)2}3] is also reported, completing an isomorphous series that now extends from U to Am and is the first characterized Np3+-Se bond.
I Heard It on the Grapevine --- Blogging, Facebook, YouTube, and Student Self-organization during a Faculty Strike

Before the web, a strike tended to be between two parties and the communication rules for such crises were clear: the employer funneled all messages through a single spokesperson to maintain control of its image while the union focused most of its efforts on maintaining the morale and commitment of its membership. The web enlarges the audiences for a strike and allows stakeholders to build coalitions against both sides. During a faculty strike at Acadia University in 2007, student stakeholders developed their own online channels of communication to respond to faculty and administration actions. While the professors walked the picket line and the administrators remained cloistered in University Hall, a lively discourse was taking place on the web in student blogs, facebook groups, and You-Tube. This reaction to this strike shows how new media can empower outsiders to make sense of events and organize themselves to put pressure on official social structures. In addition, it demonstrates the power of Millennial students to force others to take their views into account.
Improving Inter-level Communication in Cascaded Finite-State Partial Parsers

An improved inter-level communication strategy that enhances the capabilities of cascaded finite-state partial parsing systems is presented. Cascaded automata are allowed to make forward calls to other automata in the cascade as well as backward references to previously identified groupings. The approach is more powerful than a design in which the output of the current level is simply passed to the next level in the cascade. The approach is evaluated on randomly extracted sentences from the Encarta encyclopedia. A discussion of related research is also presented.
Oral health related quality of life: a novel metric targeted to young adults.

Objectives The primary objective of the study was to develop an oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaire for use among adults paralleling previously validated instruments, but addressing important age-specific self-perception issues in addition to physical and social impediments caused as a result of deficient oral health. Methods An initial item pool was generated based on adherence to the three established constructs of OHRQoL: social, psychological, and physical. Experts in the field of oral health provided feedback on this initial item pool. The revised items were administered to 553 adult participants via an online questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the final scale and subscales, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients and correlations coefficients were generated to determine the reliability and validity of the scale. Results The reduced-item questionnaire exhibited excellent psychometric properties (α = 0.902). Final subscales were assessed through factor loading scores and showed high reliability: a) social functioning (α = 0.852), b) physical functioning (α = 0.793), and c) self-perception and anxiety (α = 0.875). Scores on the self-perception and anxiety were the highest of the three subscales, followed by physical and social functioning. Of the exploratory items, tooth color appeared to be the most important concern. Conclusion Our OHRqOL measurement instrument tailored to young adults demonstrates initial psychometric properties of reliability and validity among a social-network derived volunteer population.
Vitamin D supplementation effects on the IGF system in men after acute exercise (828.15)

Conflicting data between the IGF system and exercise may be due to IGF binding proteins. Vit D insufficiency is related to muscle weakness and IGFBP3. To determine if a combination of Vit D and acu...
Microporous membrane reactors

Abstract Microporous membranes were fabricated from nickel powders of nearly uniform particles having mean diameters varying from 5 to 98 μm. These membranes ϵk aD =0.14 ( caseυ aD )0.5 for v/D = 1270 and 20 ⩽ (v/aD) ≤ 500. This is in agreement with correlations obtained
Frequency-correlation properties of optical waveguide intensity patterns

A modal analysis has been used to explain frequency-correlation characteristics in waveguide cross-sectional intensity patterns. It is also shown that the power spectral density of the waveguide impulse response can be obtained from continuous-wave frequency-correlation measurement.
Ontogeny of Fish Capture and Ingestion in Four Species of Garter Snakes (Thamnophis)

The feeding behaviour of four species of garter snakes (Thamnophis butleri, T melanogaster, T. radix, and T sirtalis) was observed in an attempt to determine differences across species and among age groups with respect to capturing, handling and swallowing large and small fish. Although belonging to the same genus, the four species differ widely in habitat and prey preferences (T. butieri being recognized as an earthworm specialist, T melanogaster as an aquatic specialist, and the other two species as generalists). Overall, feeding patterns were quite similar across species following a general sequence of capturing fish, maneuvering the jaws to either the head or tail of the fish (the head being "chosen" more often), and swallowing it. Head-first ingestion was related to prey size: the larger the fish the greater the probability the snake would ingest it head first. When this behaviour was analysed more closely, species and age differences emerged. Adults were more efficient at capturing and ingesting fish head-first and took less time to handle and swallow their prey than did juveniles. This difference was not as marked in the two specialist species as in the two generalist species. Considering differences within species and age classes with respect to their handling behaviour of either a large or a small fish, T melanogaster handled both sizes of prey in a time period that was not significantly different, T. butleri took significantly more time to handle a large fish whereas T radix and T. sirtalis took considerably more time to handle a large fish as newborns but not as adults. These results support field observations that T. melanogaster is an aquatic specialist, T. butleri, an earthworm specialist, and the other two species, generalists. In spite of the similarities between the two generalist species, similarities were also found between T. butleri and T. radix which are believed to the taxonomically related.
Critical Inquiry Across the Disciplines: Strategies for Student-Generated Problem Posing

Problem posing is a higher-order, active-learning task that is important for students to develop. This article describes a series of interdisciplinary learning activities designed to help students strengthen their problem-posing skills, which requires that students become more responsible for their learning and that faculty move to a facilitator role. Developing students’ problem-posing skills and allowing them to grapple with course content can lead to deeper levels of understanding and improved critical thinking. In turn, students are more likely to be able to move their newfound knowledge beyond the classroom.
Bringing Evidence-Based Self-Directed Intervention Practices to the Trenches for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Students with an emotional and behavioral disorder (EBD) often present complex challenges for schools, families, and society. Researchers have indicated that these problems are prevalent across the life span. This article addresses (a) the educational implications of the research-to-practice gap for students identified as having an EBD, (b) effective evidence-based self-directed intervention strategies that can be incorporated into classroom settings, (c) technology integration to assist practitioners in implementing self-directed intervention strategies, and (d) recommendations for integrating technology to enhance academic and social outcomes for students identified as having an EBD.
Deterministic Scheduling with Pipelined Processors

In this paper several results are proven showing a correspondence between problems involving task systems with single-stage processors and similar ones using pipelined processors. For example, an optimal schedule for a task system with arbitrary precedence constraints using a single pipelined processor with two stages is found by the familiar Coffman–Graham algorithm for a system with two single-stage processors. Precedence constraints in the form of inforests, out-forests, and directed acyclic graphs are examined. Task systems with release times and deadlines for each task are also considered.
IgM and IgG direct plaque-forming cells develop during the immune response of miniature swine to sheep erythrocytes☆

Abstract A procedure for the direct determination of the class of antibody produced during the immune response of Minnesota miniature swine was developed by analyzing the distribution of Ig classes of direct hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC). The procedure involved cytoplasmic staining of fixed, direct PFC with class-specific fluorescent antibody reagents, utilizing the plaque assay methodology developed by Kennedy and Axelrad. Mean percentages of cytoplasmic IgM- and IgG-positive direct PFC determined during the immune response of conventional swine were found to be approximately 70% IgM positive and 30% IgG positive. Sheep red blood cell ghosts contained within the plaques stained positive for the same class of immunoglobulin as was expressed intracytoplasmically by the central PFC, indicating a specific correlation between cytoplasmic Ig class and the secreted class of antibody. Pronase treatment of spleen cells prior to assay, a procedure which removes surface Ig, produced no alteration in the frequencies of IgM- or IgG-positive direct PFC, indicating that our staining procedure was detecting genuine cytoplasmic Ig. The lack of significant overlap in the combined percentages of IgM- and IgG-positive PFC suggests that there should be few PFC producing antibody of both IgM and IgG classes simultaneously.
Physics of an Electron Ion Collider

Abstract Deep inelastic scattering (DIS) has been a very effective technique in physics in the discovery and the systematic study of the internal structure of matter. Three proposals for future experimentation employing this technique for the next decade, currently under consideration, are presented in this paper. We give a brief overview of each, and while their physics reach is wider, we present some highlights of physics motivation limited to the field of Quantum Chromodynamics.
Acute stress disorder in diplomats, military, and civilian Americans living abroad following the September 11 terrorist attacks on America.

Can expatriates witnessing the attack of their country from afar develop acute and posttraumatic stress reactions? In Brussels 50 expatriate Americans were surveyed in the 10 weeks following September 11. Of the sample, 10% (n = 5) showed acute stress disorder in the 1st week, and 4% (n = 2) persisted with traumatic stress indications in the following weeks. All participants showed symptoms of distress, including derealization, reexperiencing the event, avoidance, heightened arousal, trouble working, and assault on world assumptions. For most, symptoms diminished over time. Increased psychological readiness in terms of assessment, prevention, and treatment methods is called for in response to mass terrorism.
Instability and predictability in coupled atmosphere-ocean models

We review simple instabilities in linear theories of coupled atmosphere-ocean models in both bounded and unbounded ocean basins and describe the mechanisms for instability in these linear theories. We then review nonlinear coupled atmosphere-ocean simulations of the El Ninio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon and relate the instabilities seen in linear theory to the fully nonlinear ENSO simulations. We present a general discussion of the relation between instability and predictability in the ENSO problem and review some recent work on predictability in coupled models. Finally, we comment on some recent predictions in light of our discussion of predictability.