cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NMR Studies of Drugs. Applications of Lanthanide Shift Reagents to Afloqualone, an Axially Chiral Quinazolinone.

Abstract The skeletal muscle relaxant, aflogualone, 1, has been studied by 1H NMR in CDC13 at 60 and 300 MHz in the presence of added chiral [Eu(HFC)3] or achiral [Eu(FOD)3] lanthanide shift reagents (LSR). With Eu(HFC)3, significant enantiomeric shift differences, ΔΔδ, can be induced for most of the nuclei of 1, with near-baseline resolution obtainable for the H-5 signals of each enantiomer, indicating excellent analytical potential for direct determination of enantiomeric excess of samples of 1. Observation of ΔΔδ directly confirms hindered rotation about the bond between N (3) and the 2-methylphenyl group, i.e., the N (sp2) - C(sp2) bond, leading to axial chirality in 1 with slow rotation on the NMR timescale. Assignments are supported by 2D COSY spectra at 300 MHz. Relative lanthanide-induced shift magnitudes for the protons of 1 are compared.
A Comparison of Techniques for Achieving Fine Azimuth Resolution

In the discussion of techniques for achieving azimuth resolution, it is instructive to compare the achievable resolution for three cases: 1) the conventional case for which ?R Res = k ? D 2) the unfocussed synthetic antenna case for which Res = k??R 3) the focussed synthetic antenna case for which Res = kD where ? is wavelength, D is aperture of physical antenna used, and R is range, and the k's are constants of proportionality. These cases are compared. It is shown for unfocussed synthetic antennas that there is a maximum length which depends on range and wavelength. This restriction on length can be removed by focussing. A number of degrees of freedom exist for the design of a synthetic antenna which are not available for a real linear array. Among these is the ability to focus simultaneously at all ranges.
Cardiac arrest and sudden death in patients treated with amiodarone for sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation: Risk stratification based on clinical variables

Abstract Multivariate analysis of 11 clinical variables was performed in 104 patients with sustained, symptomatic ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation treated with amiodarone to determine variables predictive of subsequent cardiac arrest or sudden death. Twenty-five patients (24%) had fatal or nonfatal cardiac arrest after 7.3 ± 6.2 months (mean ± standard deviation) of therapy. Multivariate analysis identified an ejection fraction of less than 0.40, syncope or cardiac arrest before amiodarone therapy, and VT (3 or more consecutive ventricular premature complexes) during predischarge ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring as variables associated with a high risk of subsequent fatal or nonfatal cardiac arrest (p
Early Adolescent School Adjustment: Associations with Friendship and Peer Victimization

This study investigates shared and unique associations of early adolescent friendship and peer victimization with self reports of school liking and teacher reports of academic competence. Participants were 398 sixth and seventh grade students and their teachers and peers. Measures of friendship included self reports of friendship support and mutual friendship nominations, and measures of peer victimization also included self and peer reports. Regression analyses revealed that friendship support and mutual friendships were uniquely associated with higher school liking and academic competence, and peer-reported victimization was uniquely associated with lower academic competence. Moderation analyses revealed that self-reported victimization was associated with lower school liking among students who reported higher friendship support but not among students who reported lower friendship support. The developmental context of findings and potential mechanisms are discussed.
A Defense of Contingent Logical Truths

A formula is a contingent logical truth when it is true in every model M but, for some model M, false at some world of M. We argue that there are such truths, given the logic of actuality. Our argument turns on defending Tarski’s definition of truth and logical truth, extended so as to apply to modal languages with an actuality operator. We argue that this extension is the philosophically proper account of validity. We counter recent arguments to the contrary presented in Hanson’s ‘Actuality, Necessity, and Logical Truth’ (Philos Stud 130:437–459, 2006).
--chromosome inheritance and the porblem of chromosome "imprinting" in Sciara (Sciaridae, Diptera).

The loss of the L-chromosomes from the germ line of a newly-collected strain of Sciara impatiens was used as a genetic marker to test whether the supernumeraries in this genus obey the rule of origin which governs the behavior of the regular homologues at first meiotic anaphase in the male. Reciprocal crosses between a normal strain which possessed L's and the no-L line yielded F1 males whose germ cells contained L-chromosomes of paternal or of maternal origin. Cytological study of the gonads of these males showed that in all instances, irrespective of their origin, the L-chromosomes were conserved. To demonstrate that the L's thus conserved are not lost subsequently during spermiogenesis, the F1 males derived from normal fathers were bred to females from the no-L line; the gonads of the test-cross progeny showed that these individuals had inherited L-chromosomes. The failure of the paternal L's to obey the rule of origin during spermatogenesis indicates that the supernumeraries in this genus are not subject to the reversible “imprinting” which the regular complement undergoes. And the genetic effects of exclusively paternal or maternal L-chromosomes on germ cell development and maturation are indistinguishable. Concomitant with the loss of L's from the germ line, the newly-collected strain of S. impatiens underwent an abrupt alteration from unisexual families to variable sex ratios. These ratios are discussed in relation to the problem of sex determination in S. ocellaris, a species which sustained L-chromosome loss during the course of evolution. Discussed also are some new unpublished data which reveal, unexpectedly, a genetic affinity between ocellaris and impatiens. The no-L line of impatiens, which has been kept in laboratory culture for approximately four years, provides a unique opportunity to examine the conditions under which the supernumeraries are retained or lost and also to determine more precisely the nature of their genetic effects.
Silicon microring modulator with integrated heater and temperature sensor for thermal control

The first demonstration of a silicon microring modulator with both an integrated resistive heater and diode-based temperature sensor is shown. The temperature-sensor exhibits a linear response for more than an 85 °C external temperature range.
Direct Patterning of Silanized-Biomolecules on Semiconductor Surfaces

A novel approach to pattern silanized-biomolecules directly onto glass (SiOx) substrates via Dip-Pen nanolithography (DPN) and microcontact printing (μCP) is presented. Subsequent hybridization rea...
Distinctive karyotypes and growth patterns in nude mice reveal cross-contamination in an established human cancer cell line.

A human cancer cell line was found to be heterogeneous for expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Clones and variants of this cell line were separated on the basis of EGFR expression level, and those expressing high EGFR had different growth characteristics, in vitro and in vivo, than variants expressing low levels of EGFR. Karyotype analysis revealed that the heterogeneity was the result of mixing of two lines, the 2774 ovarian cancer cell line, and the SW620 colon cancer cell line. Our results reinforce the necessity for accurate identification of cell lines. Also, that measurement of gene expression on a single cell level, for example by flow cytometric analysis, can be more informative than measurements of cell lysates, since the initial indication of 'heterogeneity' would not have been detected by northern or western blotting. The different cell types retained characteristic growth patterns when injected i.p. in nude mice, i.e. peritoneal carcinomatosis and ascites formation by the 2774 ovarian cancer cells, and liver metastasis and growth of discrete abdominal tumors by the SW620 colon cancer.
Effects of Client Bisexuality on Clinical Judgment: When Is Bias Most Likely to Occur?.

In this study, the authors investigated whether psychotherapist bias related to client bisexuality is most likely to occur with respect to judgments about stereotype-relevant clinical issues. Participants were 108 psychotherapists who read a fictitious intake report about a male client who was portrayed as heterosexual, gay, or bisexual. Client sexual orientation was behaviorally operationalized through reference to the sex of the client's present and previous romantic partners. Participants rated the case for the salience of a variety of clinical issues (some of which were related to bisexual stereotypes), global psychological functioning, and anticipated reactions to the client. Client sexual orientation had no effect for outcomes unrelated to bisexual stereotypes. In contrast, clinical issues related to bisexual stereotypes were rated as most salient to the case when the client was portrayed as bisexual rather than when the client was portrayed as heterosexual or gay. This effect remained significant even when participants' self-reported ability to avoid bias, self-presentational concerns, and response set related to perceptions of psychopathology were controlled for. Exploratory analyses suggested that this effect was partially mediated by stereotypes of bisexual men as confused and conflicted.
A 78-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute renal failure.

Patient: Male, 78 Final Diagnosis: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Symptoms: Dyspnea • fatigue Medication: Idarubicin followed by cytarabine Clinical Procedure: Chemotherapy Specialty: Hematology Objective: Unusual clinical course
Lady beetle oviposition behavior in response to the trophic environment

The food available to coccinellid larvae and their exposure to predation is influenced by where they are placed as eggs. This review examines adult distribution and female oviposition strategies which in turn determine the distribution of coccinellid larvae in habitats. Immigration into a habitat can be influenced by visual and olfactory cues related to habitat quality. Adults are retained in a habitat if sufficient food resources are present. The abundance and quality of food in a habitat affects the reproductive output of a female and survival of larvae. Consequently, there is higher retention and oviposition preference for sites with abundant essential prey. Coccinellids also increase reproduction in response to non-prey foods (i.e., pollen), but avoid ovipositing in areas with copious amounts of honeydew. In laboratory studies, many plant-derived chemicals have been demonstrated to be attractants and oviposition stimulants. The need to place eggs in proximity to food for offspring must be weighed against the risk of cannibalism and intraguild predation. Lady beetles avoid egg predation by reducing oviposition where other adults are present, ovipositing on plants associated with less exposure or incidence of intraguild predation, and avoiding areas with tracks and frass of con- and heterospecific larvae. Indeed, deterrent cues for avoiding predation seem stronger than the positive ones associated with food. An understanding of the resources needed for successful reproduction and larval development in a habitat and the sensory cues that signal these resources, and thus elicit oviposition, may enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms affecting coccinellid distribution in habitats.
Increased cardiac calcium channels in hamster cardiomyopathy.

Hamsters have been extensively studied as animal models for cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. 1–3 The Bio 14.6 Syrian hamster is a genetic strain in which histologically identifiable lesions spontaneously develop by 4 months of age and fatal congestive, heart failure by 12 months. Studies of myocardial 45Ca uptake, cardiac action potential and pretreatment with calcium antagonists suggest a defect in calcium channels in this animal model.2–4 We therefore compared calcium channel binding characteristics of myopathie hamsters with their F1B controls.
Evaluating the effectiveness of materials that promote voluntary water conservation

Rapid population growth has significantly increased the magnitude of water shortages in California. Although wildlife is already being threatened by inadequate water supplies, many of the state's utility systems are not providing their residents with financial incentives for water conservation. Instead of using water meters to charge households according to their water usage, they are charging a flat fee for unlimited water service. When the decision to forgo water meters has been made, alternative approaches for promoting voluntary water conservation must be evaluated. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of different water conservation materials within a city that uses a flat fee system.
Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors in Postoperative Pain Management

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors are as efficacious as nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of postoperative pain but have the advantages of a better gastrointestinal side-effect profile as well as a lack of antiplatelet effects. There have been recent concerns regarding the cardiovascular side effects of COX-2 inhibitors. Nonetheless, they remain a valuable option for postoperative pain management. The pharmacology of these agents and available studies are reviewed.
An enhanced frequency-shift-based damage identification method using tunable piezoelectric transducer circuitry

Frequency-shift-based structural damage identification has been explored extensively in recent years. The performance of current practices, however, is still limited for several reasons, one of which is that the number of measurable modal frequencies is usually much smaller than the number of system parameters required to characterize the damage. In this study, the state of the art of frequency-shift-based damage identification is advanced by incorporating a tunable piezoelectric transducer circuitry into the structure to enrich the modal frequency measurements, meanwhile implementing a high-order identification algorithm to sufficiently utilize the enriched information. By integrating tunable piezoelectric transducer circuitry into the structure, we can introduce additional resonant peaks into the system frequency response function, and these additional peaks can be placed/adjusted over the frequency band by tuning the inductance. Clearly, a significantly increased amount of frequency shift information can be expected to reflect the damage effect. An iterative second-order perturbation-based algorithm in conjunction with an optimization scheme is then used to find the damaged-induced stiffness parameter reduction based on the system eigenvalue changes (frequency shift) before and after the structural damage occurrence. The major advantage of using this algorithm is that it takes into account the damage-induced mode shape changes without the actual measurement of the modes. In a benchmark example, a series of analyses using a cantilever beam integrated with a tunable piezoelectric transducer circuitry is carried out to demonstrate this proposed methodology and verify the performance. It is shown that the modal frequencies can be greatly enriched by inductance tuning, which, together with the high-order identification algorithm, leads to a fundamentally improved performance on the identification of single and multiple damages with the usage of only lower-order frequency measurements.
Multipoint and single point non-parametric linkage analysis with imperfect data.

We used simulation to explore the impact of common data imperfections (i.e., missing parents, genotyping error, map error, and missing genotypes) upon the performance of multipoint and single point linkage analysis in the analyses of linkage data from pairs of siblings affected with an idealized complex trait. The performance of single point and multipoint linkage was similar under an unrealistic best case scenario; however, when four data imperfections were combined, the performance of single point linkage analysis appeared to be superior to multipoint. The absence of parental genotypes in the presence of 1% genotype error led to marked degradation of linkage signal, particularly for multipoint analyses.
Enzymatic treatment of lignochemicals; adhesive and resin uses

Abstract The possibility of upgrading lignochemicals for use in the adhesives industry through the application of biotechnology was investigated. It was hypothesized that ligninolytic organisms or isolated ligninolytic enzymes might modify lignin in such a manner as to make it more reactive as a copolymer in adhesive manufacturing. The following discussion takes the form of three sections; the first discusses some background on lignin degradation and describes the isolation and characterization of fungal and recombinant ligninolytic enzymes. The second section describes the making of PVA/lignochemical glues and the results of modifying, both chemically and enzymatically, the lignochemicals used in those glues. Finally, the last section describes the effects observed upon treatment of a variety of lignochemicals, kraft lignins and lignosulfonates, with recombinant H8 (rH8), a lignin peroxidase whose gene was cloned from Phanerochaete chrysosporium .
Resistance to Dieldrin in Larval Whitefringed Beetles

The extent of resistance to dieldrin in larvae of Graphognathus spp. and the geographical distribution of resistant larvae were determined by introducing newly hatched larvae into pots of soil treated with the compound. Resistance to 0.5 pounds per acre of dieldrin was evident in larvae from 12 of 29 collection sites over the southeastern United States. The greatest resistance to a dose of 20 pounds per acre was found in larvae from Semmes, Alabama.
In question answering, two heads are better than one

Motivated by the success of ensemble methods in machine learning and other areas of natural language processing, we developed a multi-strategy and multi-source approach to question answering which is based on combining the results from different answering agents searching for answers in multiple corpora. The answering agents adopt fundamentally different strategies, one utilizing primarily knowledge-based mechanisms and the other adopting statistical techniques. We present our multi-level answer resolution algorithm that combines results from the answering agents at the question, passage, and/or answer levels. Experiments evaluating the effectiveness of our answer resolution algorithm show a 35.0% relative improvement over our baseline system in the number of questions correctly answered, and a 32.8% improvement according to the average precision metric.
Suppression of Raman amplification using large Stokes seeds

We have found the gain of a Raman amplifier to be almost completely suppressed when the amplifier is pumped by a multi-longitudinal mode laser and seeded with an initially uncorrelated Stokes beam that is nearly as intense as the pump.
The Finite Partial Fitted Journal Bearing

An exact solution is found for the finite fitted journal bearing. Numerical calculations are carried out for an arc of 60° and an arc of 120° for various positions of the bearing. A comparison is made of the load, pressure distribution, and friction force for the finite bearing and the infinite bearing (no side flow). It is concluded that in general the neglect of side flow yields a solution that may be in great error. Contributed by the ASLE Technical Committee on Bearings and Bearings Lubrication and presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Lubrication Engineers held in Buffalo, N.Y., April, 1959. This work was supported in part by the Office of Ordnance Research, U.S. Army.
The Attainments of Children in ESN Schools and Remedial Departments.

1An article on ‘Occupational Choice and Occupational Attainment of Educationally Subnormal School Leavers’, by M. O. A. Durojaiye, will be published in Vol. 13, No. 1 of Educational Research.
The effect of capillary bridging on the Janus particle stability at the interface of two immiscible liquids

Molecular aspects of nanoparticle adsorption to the interface between two immiscible liquids are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The effect of particle amphiphilicity on the adsorption and desorption processes is examined by comparing the simulation results of a Janus particle to a plain particle. The force acting on the particle and the free energy of the system as functions of the particle distance from the interface are found to show asymmetry even when the Janus particle is moved quasi-statically. This phenomenon is associated with an asymmetric capillary bridging during the adsorption and desorption processes and the formation of a fluid shell surrounding the Janus cap in the desorbed state.
Prior Learning Assessment: Graduate Prior Learning Assessment: Is the Time Right?

(2007). Prior Learning Assessment: Graduate Prior Learning Assessment: Is the Time Right? The Journal of Continuing Higher Education: Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 46-49.
Central dopamine-peptide interactions: electrophysiological studies.

Abstract A variety of peptides have been shown to have physiological activity, either pre- or post-synaptically in DA systems. Significantly, this has not been true of all the peptides tested and physiological activity has for the most part, correlated with anatomical evidence for the presence of that peptide in the same area as DA and with the presence of specific receptors for the active peptide. In the main, biochemical and behavioral studies of the effects of peptides on the function of DA systems also correlate well with the effects of the various peptides on the activity of DA neurons. However, despite this growing body of knowledge we still know very little about the physiological relevance of most peptides to animal behavior or the interaction between these peptides and DA systems. This is due, in part, to the fact that the functioning of peptide systems is still relatively difficult to study in terms of synthesis, release, metabolism and turnover. The fact that there are very few selective non-peptide antagonists for many of these substances has also hampered the study of their function in the brain. Nevertheless, their proven interaction with midbrain DA systems, regardless of whatever else they may do in the brain, makes them of great potential clinical interest. Given the number of neurological and mental disorders in which malfunction of the DA system is presumed to be involved, any endogenous substance that can modulate activity of the DA cells and thus provide a new mechanism for controlling the functioning of central DA systems may have potential therapeutic value. Furthermore, in many of the CNS disorders in which DA systems are thought to be involved a change in the concentration (in dopamine-containing areas) of one or more of the peptides reviewed here has been found. Such findings provide further support for the idea that these substances and their interaction with dopamine systems may turn out to be clinically relevant.
Evidence from fluid seeps atop serpentine seamounts in the Mariana forearc: Clues for emplacement of the seamounts and their relationship to forearc tectonics

Abstract The Mariana forearc is a non-accretionary forearc with numerous seamounts. Dredge hauls from these seamounts are composed primarily of serpentinite, indicating a non-volcanic origin. In addition, dredged carbonate samples reveal (1) the presence of aragonite in water depths greater than the aragonite compensation depth, (2) unusual porosity and cement types, (3) light carbon and heavy oxygen isotopic compositions, and (4) an unusual trace element geochemistry of aragonite and calcite. These mineralogic, petrologic, and geochemical characteristics formed the basis of a prediction that methane-bearing fluids are venting from these seamounts. Subsequent to this prediction, submersible dives on a Mariana forearc seamount found and sampled chimneys seeping cool water that contains dissolved methane. The serpentine substrate beneath the chimneys appears to form from cold gravitational flows of serpentine material. Fluid inclusion contents of chimney samples also show an earlier history of methane, as well as longer chain hydrocarbons, aromatics and acetate ions. Drilling into the flank and the summit of this seamount by the Ocean Drilling Program during Leg 125 confirmed the presence of methane, other light alkanes, and organic acids in the present-day interstitial pore fluid of the cores. The presence of aromatic compounds and organic acids, if derived from the maturation of organic compounds, indicates a thermogenic origin for these volatiles. Strontium isotopic ratios of the aragonitic chimney samples and of the present-day interstitial waters range from present-day seawater values to significantly lower values. The strontium isotopic ratios of the pore waters within the seamount trend toward a relatively less radiogenic composition with increasing depth below the seafloor. This strontium isotopic signature is probably not the consequence of near-surface processes, but more likely a contribution from an igneous source deeper in the lithosphere. The lack of a large accretionary prism in the Mariana forearc removes the complication of fluid contribution from dewatering of the prism by compression during convergence, as in the Oregon-Washington or Barbados margins. The organic compounds in the fluid inclusions and interstitial pore fluids, as well as the isotopic and the geochemical composition of the carbonates and the dissolved constituents, suggest that fluids are derived from dewatering, compression, and dehydration of subducted sediments and the subducting plate. Furthermore, the composition of the fluid is influenced by thermal maturation of organics in subducted sediments as well as by a contribution from a deep igneous source.
A trial of continuous-infusion vinblastine in refractory endometrial adenocarcinoma

Fourteen patients with refractory or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the endometrium were treated with continuous infusion vinblastine. No patient had a response. One patient had stable disease. Although well tolerated, vinblastine sulfate given by this method has no activity in this malignancy.
Foundational Considerations for Establishing an Integrated Business Common Core Curriculum

Abstract In response to industry demands and accreditation standards, many business schools are creating integrated versions of common body of knowledge (CBOK) courses, with varying degrees of success. Although content and presentation-related decisions are paramount to the success of the programs, other, more subtle issues are of equal importance, including the attitudes, infrastructure, and resources to successfully implement such an extensive and potentially disruptive curricular change. These issues represent the foundation on which the programs will be established. This artcle presents these foundational issues and the influence they have on the success or failure of integration efforts. A short “Readiness Test” is included to facilitate future integration efforts.
Elevated bone collagenolytic activity and hyperplasia of parafollicular light cells of the thyroid gland in parathormone-treated grey-lethal mice

By application of light and electron microscopy, histochemistry, tracer procedures and a collagenolytic assay procedure, it was established that the osteolytic response of grey-lethal mice to acute parathormone (PTH) therapy was decidedly more vigorous than that elicited from their normal littermates. Time and calcium dependency studies conducted on a cell-free extract obtained from PTH-treated grey-lethal mouse bone indicated that the collagenolytic factor present in the preparation was collagenase. The osteoclasts seen in osteopetrotic mouse bone eighteen hours after PTH injection were characteristically intensely basophilic and possessed secretory inclusions apparently derived from their nuclei. Karyorrhexis was of common occurrence in these cells. Histologic evidence indicated that osteocytes promote resorption of bone matrix in anticipation of becoming fused into osteoclasts. A large proportion of the epithelial cells in the thyroid glands of the PTH-treated grey-lethal mice was identified as parafollicular, light cells. Osteopetrosis may be considered a congenital endocrinopathy, the primary lesion of which is hyperplasia of the calcitonin-producing parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland.
Visceral Sensory Inputs to the Endocrine Hypothalamus

Interoceptive feedback signals from the body are transmitted to hypothalamic neurons that control pituitary hormone release. This review article describes the organization of central neural pathways that convey ascending visceral sensory signals to endocrine neurons in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) of the hypothalamus in rats. A special emphasis is placed on viscerosensory inputs to corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-containing PVN neurons that drive the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and on inputs to magnocellular PVN and SON neurons that release vasopressin (AVP) or oxytocin (OT) from the posterior pituitary. The postnatal development of these ascending pathways also is considered.
Friction force microscopy as a probe of molecular relaxation on polymer surfaces

The scan-velocity dependence of friction force microscopy (FFM) is characterized on nominally-dry gelatin films and related to the rate dependence of dissipative molecular relaxations. For a range of scanning-parameter values the measurement itself affects the frictional characteristics of the films: imparted frictional energy populates molecular conformations from which more dissipative relaxations occur. Variations in frictional dissipation tens of nanometers in lateral size are quantified as histograms of the number of image pixels versus frictional force. Histogram breadth and symmetry apparently reflect the energy dispersion of molecular relaxations.
Reactive and non-reactive quenching of O(1D2) by COF2

Abstract Quenching of O( 1 D 2 ) by COF 2 has been investigated by time-resolved resonance fluorescence monitoring of the product O( 3 P J ) following 248 nm pulsed laser photolysis of O 3 . The rate constant for total removal of O( 1 D 2 ) by COF 2 is (7.4 ± 1.2) × 10 −11 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 . 71 ± 7% of the quenching interactions result in formation of O( 3 P J ).
Current Concepts in the Management of Erectile Dysfunction in Men with Prostate Cancer

Development in the management of prostate cancer has placed increased attention on patient quality of life after treatment, particularly sexual function. The incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in men following radical prostatectomy has been estimated to range from 16% to 82%. Several factors determine the postoperative incidence of erectile difficulties; these include patient age, degree of cavernosal nerve sparing during surgery, cancer stage, and associated comorbidities. Early initiation of available treatments after radical prostatectomy, such as phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and intracavernosal alprostadil, may improve the speed and degree of recovery of erectile function. Oral PDE-5 inhibitors are recognized as the first line of therapy for men with ED after radical prostatectomy, with reasonable success rates reported for all commercially available PDE-5 inhibitors. In recognition of the neurogenic basis for erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy, new strategies have been devised, such as cavernous nerve graft interposition procedures, perioperative neuroprotection measures, and postoperative neurotrophic treatments. Hopefully, these efforts will improve quality of life for patients with prostate cancer. The aim of this article is to review the current modalities of ED management for men with prostate cancer.
In Situ processing of LaBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films by laser ablation method

Abstract Thin films of LaBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ on the (100) surfaces of LaAlO 3 , MgO and YSZ (Yttria Stabilized Zirconia) have been deposited by the laser ablation method for the first time at low substrate temperature ⩽650°C. The X-ray measurements showed that these films are textured and have their c -axis perpendicular to the substrate. Thin films deposited from an orthohombic bulk target showed a metallic behavior above the superconducting transition temperature ≈90 K and zero resistance was observed above liquid nitrogen for the films on (100) YSZ, and (100) LaAlO 3 substrates. The zero resistance temperatures for the films on YSZ, LaAlO 3 and MgO were 85, 80 and 70 K, respectively. It was interesting to note that films deposited from a tetragonal bulk target showed semiconducting behavior up to 20 K.
Perceptual and memory components of the superior recall of letters from the right visual half-fields.

Abstract Right-hander's show consistently better recall from the right visual half-field (VHF) when digit sequences are presented simultaneously at fixation and in one of the visual half-fields. This right VHF superiority has been attributed to the more direct connection between the right VHF and the speech areas in the left hemisphere of the brain. The effect of amount of material to be remembered, interstimulas interval, and presentation time was studied in order to assess the importance of short-term memory, backward masking, and perceptual factors on this task. Sequences of five letter pairs were presented at two different interstimulas intervals (165 msec and 330 msec) and three presentation times (165 msec, 280 msec and 330 msec). Increasing the amount of material to be remembered and increasing the interstimulas interval appeared to increase the asymmetry between the VHF's. Changing presentation time (from 330 msec to 165 msec) had little effect on either the VHF asymmetry or recall efficiency. This suggests that the controlled fixation paradigm is a memory and backward masking task with the right VHF superiority resulting primarily from the memory aspect of the task.
Role of pH in partitioning and cation exchange of aromatic amines on water-saturated soils.

Predicting the reversible interactions between aromatic amines and soil is essential for assessing the mobility, bioavailability and exposure from contaminated sites. Reversible sorption mechanisms of aniline and α-naphthylamine were investigated by using single and binary solute sorption to five soils at several pH values, and by applying a distributed parameter (DP) model. The DP model assumes linear partitioning of the neutral species into soil organic matter domains and organic cation binding on negative-charged sites with the exchange coefficients represented by a Gaussian probability distribution. Sorption nonlinearity was attributed to cation exchange with varying site affinities, which was adequately simulated using the DP model. Greater uptake by hydrophobic partitioning and selectivity for cation exchange sites was observed for α-naphthylamine compared to aniline. Sorption of α-naphthylamine was not impacted quantitatively by aniline under those conditions examined; however, aniline sorption was reduced by α-naphthylamine with the largest reduction occurring in the soil with the lowest pH. DP model simulations showed that although hydrophobic partitioning increases with soil–solution pH, cation exchange still contributes significantly to the total sorption even at soil–solution pH values greater than pKa+2.
The Current Status and Roles of State Advisory Commissions on Intergovernmental Relations in the U.S. Federal System

During the 1970s and 1980s, a number of states created entities commonly called advisory commissions on intergovernmental relations (ACIRs). Although as many as half the states at one time or another supported an ACIR, only about 10 do so today. Relying on face-to-face and telephone interviews, e-mail correspondence, website analysis, and mailed surveys of directors and other staff members of active and terminated ACIRs, this study reports on the organization and structure, staffing and finances, and activities and performance characteristics of the state ACIRs still viable today. The study attempts to identify factors that seem most related to successful performance of these agencies, as well as to the termination of the agencies. In conclusion, it speculates on the continued role of state ACIRs.
Galectin-3 interacts with membrane lipids and penetrates the lipid bilayer ☆

The precise mechanism by which galectin-3 and other cytosolic proteins that lack signal peptides are secreted is yet to be elucidated. In the present analyses, we determined that galectin-3, a beta-galactoside binding protein, can interact directly with membrane lipids in solid phase binding assays. More interestingly, we determined by spectrophotometric methods that it can spontaneously penetrate the lipid bilayer of liposomes in either direction. These findings suggest that galectin-3 on its own has the capacity to traverse the lipid bilayer. Whereas the situation is rather simplified in liposomes, the interaction of galectin-3 with the plasma membrane may involve cholesterol-rich membrane domains where galectin-3 can be concentrated and form multimers or interact covalently with other proteins.
In-channel clusters: Rhenium on W(211)

Abstract Observations in the field ion microscope have been made on clusters formed from two or more rhenium adatoms in the same [ 1 11] channel of W(211). The equipment built for the studies is described, together with the techniques for data gathering and analysis. Using these, it is found that 2 Re adatoms in the same diffusion channel associate rapidly once they are 3 spacings apart. The dimer so created is stable to dissociation up to 380 K at least, diffuses as a unit, and has quite unusual imaging properties. From the temperature dependence of dimer diffusion we arrive at an activation energy of 23.3 kcal/mol, considerably higher than for the movement of cross-channel dimers. In-channel trimers do not diffuse even at temperatures as high as 435 K. From these and other observations we arrive at an effective potential between Re adatoms in the same channel considerably stronger than for Re adatoms in adjacent channels.
Influence of tectonic folding on rockfall susceptibility, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA

Abstract. We examine rockfall susceptibility of folded strata in the Sevier fold-thrust belt exposed in American Fork Canyon in north-central Utah. Large-scale geologic mapping, talus production data, rock-mass-quality measurements, and historical rockfall data indicate that rockfall susceptibility is correlated with limb dip and curvature of the folded, cliff-forming Mississippian limestones. On fold limbs, rockfall susceptibility increases as dip increases. This relation is controlled by several factors, including an increase in adverse dip conditions and apertures of discontinuities, and shearing by flexural slip during folding that has reduced the friction angles of discontinuities by smoothing surface asperities. Susceptibility is greater in fold hinge zones than on adjacent limbs primarily because there are greater numbers of discontinuities in hinge zones. We speculate that susceptibility increases in hinge zones as fold curvature becomes tighter.
Simultaneous determination of structural and thermodynamic effects of carbohydrate solutes on the thermal stability of ribonuclease A.

This communication describes a new technique for the study of the effects of carbohydrates on the thermal stability of proteins. This approach combines capillary electrophoresis (CE) and protein charge ladders, collections of proteins that differ incrementally in number of chemically modified charged groups, to provide information on both the thermodynamics (i.e., the free energy, ΔGN-D, of denaturation), and structural changes (i.e., the effective hydrodynamic radius, RH, of proteins in both the native and denatured states) associated with stability. This information, obtained in a single set of electrophoresis experiments, allows a simple microscopic interpretation of the effects of carbohydrate solutes on protein stability. We use this technique to show that the stabilization of ribonuclease A at pH 8.4 by sucrose and fructose can be explained entirely by the contribution these solutes make to the entropy of formation of the protein−solution interface. There is no need, in this case, to refer to quasic...
A New Serial Image Registration Method for Contrast-Enhanced MRI Study

This paper presents a new method for aligning serial images acquired in contrast-enhanced MRI studies. A unique feature of the proposed method is that it uses dynamic references, rather than a single reference image as in the conventional method, to obtain co-registration of serial images. Specifically, each image serves as a reference for its neighboring images and the overall registration of all serial images is derived subsequently. We tested the new method using a digital image phantom and in-vivo contrast-enhanced tumor MRI data, using a least-square registration criterion and a rigid-body spatial transformation. Preliminary results showed that the new method is generally more robust and accurate than the conventional method
Stenting of a left main coronary artery compressed by dilated pulmonary artery

A 54-year-old obese man without comorbidity presented with dyspnea associated with typical angina. Physical examination revealed jugular venous distension, systolic murmur at left parasternal border with a prominent pulmonary component of S2 and S3 gallop. He had ST depression throughout the precordial leads and troponin level of 8. Coronary angiography showed 95% narrowing in the proximal left main coronary artery (LMCA) with TIMI grade 3 flow (Image A, B, C). Echocardiography showed a markedly dilated pulmonary. CT angiography demonstrated compression of the LMCA by the severely enlarged Main pulmonary artery (MPA) (9.8×9.0 cm). Right heart catheterization revealed right ventricle pressure of 69/10 mmHg with mean pressure of 33 mmHg and right pulmonary artery pressure of 66/28 mmHg with mean pressure of 40 mmHg. Work up for the cause of pulmonary hypertension was consistent with primary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PPAH). Stent of the LMCA was performed with 4.5×12 mm bare metal Veriflex™ stent (Boston Scientific Company, Minneapolis, MN) with post-dilation diameter of 5mm.(Image D) Subsequently IVUS revealed adequate expansion of the stent and complete coverage of the lesion.(Image E) After the procedure, the patient reported immediate relief of symptoms. Optimal medical management was continued. Follow-up coronary angiography at 3 months showed a nonstenosed stent (Image F) and at 1 year, he remained asymptomatic. ![Figure][1] Figure 1. Angiographic and IVUS images LMCA compression by dilated MPA in PAH may not be uncommon as previously thought. It is a reversible cause of chest pain associated with PPAH. Traditionally, LMCA stenosis treatment involves coronary bypass graft surgery. However, LMCA stenosis secondary to compression by dilated MPA has been increasingly treated by angioplasty with promising outcome [1]: pending:yes
Recent advances in electrochemical detection in capillary electrophoresis

Recent advances in the design and application of electrochemical (EC) detection systems in capillary electrophoresis (CE) are reviewed, with the objective of providing the nonelectrochemist with a state-of-the-art picture of CEEC instrumentation and an overview of the principal analytes for which CEEC is best suited. The detection schemes considered here include those based both on amperometry and on potentiometry as both kinds of EC systems are being actively developed in CE and have the potential for broad application in analysis. Over the three-year period covered by this review, an important direction that CEEC has taken is the construction of more complex electrode systems beginning with the use of multiple EC electrodes and culminating with the adaptation of EC detection to microfabricated "lab-on-a-chip" analysis devices. In addition, CEEC applications have now grown to include a broad variety of inorganic, organic, and biochemical analytes and samples.
Contributions of survey research to the understanding of memory

This article reviews the results of survey methodological research that illustrate phenomena of potential interest to investigators of memory, and also reviews psychological research designed to explore some of these phenomena under controlled laboratory conditions. We classify the phenomena reviewed into broad categories of remembering what events occurred, remembering when events occurred, and estimation and reconstruction processes used in reporting recurring events. We delineate the contributions of this research for our understanding of memory phenomena and show where this research has revealed gaps in our existing theories and knowledge. These findings present challenges for future collaboration between cognitive psychologists and survey methodologists.
The Token Economy and a Target Behavior

Weight loss and lessening of depression in a 33-yr.-old woman is described following choice of an appropriate plan (earning a private room) for weight loss (target behavior).
Risk assessment in child protective services: An evaluation of the Child at Risk Field System

A major goal of structured risk assessment systems in Child Protective Services (CPS) practice is to predict the likelihood of future child maltreatment. The implementation of such systems by child protective agencies has increased dramatically during the past 10 years. The Child at Risk Field (CARF) System, developed by ACTION for Child Protection, is considered by some to be one of the more comprehensive risk assessment models developed to date. This article presents the results from an independent evaluation of the CARF system. Two hundred and seven indicated cases of child maltreatment were compared pre- and post-CARF implementation. Using a multimethod evaluation process, the authors found that, although the CARF system had been imperfectly implemented, there were statistically significant differences between samples in some of the client services offered or received and in the associations between major casework decisions and the information collected by workers using the CARF system.
Consideration of the absorption characteristics of organic vapors in interpretation of the decay properties of excited vibronic states: Naphthalene

Abstract Pronounced fluctuations of fluorescence decay rates of naphthalene vapors with excitation energy have been observed. The result is most likely due to excitation of sequence bands rather than an effect of vibrational symmetry properties on intersystem crossing rates.
Shadow price of water for irrigation—A case of the High Plains

Abstract The 2011 and 2012 droughts considerably affected the Ogallala Aquifer supplying irrigation water for agricultural production in the US High Plains (HP). Shrinking water resources and growing demand for water create a challenging tradeoff situation. This also poses a question about the value of water and efficient water allocation. Currently, water rates for irrigating crops paid by farmers do not reflect the actual value of water that can be expressed solely as a shadow price. Also studies are missing that would comprehensively compare different states and different crops in one methodological framework. This paper helps to fill this gap. Farm-budget residual valuation is applied to estimate the shadow price of water for irrigation in three High Plains states: Texas, Kansas and Nebraska, for five prevailing crops: corn, cotton, sorghum, soybean, and wheat. Among the analyzed High Plains states the highest shadow price of water was found for wheat production in the Texas Northern High Plains ($865.99/af = $0.70/m 3 ), while the lowest shadow price was found for corn in the Texas Southern High Plains ($5.13/af = $0.004/m 3 ). The study can be helpful to stakeholders and policy makers to evaluate scenarios and tradeoffs between profitable crop production and conservation of water resources.