cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organizational Influences and Constraints on Community College Web-based Media Relations

Various organizational, departmental, and interdepartmental factors influence how an educational institution practices public relations. These factors may enable or hinder the ways in which communication practitioners build and maintain relationships with the media. Higher education institutions are especially in need of public relations efforts. The general public is largely unaware that community colleges enroll nearly half of all students in higher education—more than 11 million annually (Hutchins & Brock, 2006). It is through media relations that community colleges can tell their story. The purpose of this paper is to explore how internal organizational dynamics influence the use of web sites for media relations of community colleges in New Jersey. The findings suggest that the success of the web-based media relations initiatives is largely dependent on two organizational factors: (a) the level of control that the public relations practitioners have over the web site, and (b) whether or not the practi...
Impulse approximation in solid helium

The incoherent dynamic form factor S/sub i/(Q, ..omega..) is evaluated in solid helium for comparison with the impulse approximation (IA). The purpose is to determine the Q values for which the IA is valid for systems such a helium where the atoms interact via a potential having a steeply repulsive but not infinite hard core. For /sup 3/He, S/sub i/(Q, ..omega..) is evaluated from first principles, beginning with the pair potential. The density of states g(..omega..) is evaluated using the self-consistent phonon theory and S/sub i/(Q,..omega..) is expressed in terms of g(..omega..). For solid /sup 4/He resonable models of g(..omega..) using observed input parameters are used to evaluate S/sub i/(Q,..omega..). In both cases S/sub i/(Q, ..omega..) is found to approach the impulse approximation S/sub IA/(Q, ..omega..) closely for wave vector transfers Q> or approx. =20 A/sup -1/. The difference between S/sub i/ and S/sub IA/, which is due to final state interactions of the scattering atom with the remainder of the atoms in the solid, is also predominantly antisymmetric in (..omega..-..omega../sub R/), where ..omega../sub R/ is the recoil frequency. This suggests that the symmetrization procedure proposed by Sears to eliminate final state contributions should work well in solid helium.
The effects of 17α-ethinyloestradiol on boldness and its relationship to decision making in male Siamese fighting fish

Behavioural syndromes have received much attention by behavioural ecologists in recent years. While the relationship between boldness across contexts and between boldness and aggression are frequently investigated, little is known about how these relationships might change because of environmental disturbances such as exposure to endocrine disrupters. 17α-ethinyloestradiol (EE2) is an oestrogen mimic that is prevalent in aquatic ecosystems worldwide and has severe, negative impacts on the behaviour and physiology of exposed organisms. To assess how EE2 affects boldness and decision making, male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, received repeated trials of three boldness assays (novel environment, empty tank and novel object) and one decision-making assay (a dummy male and female presented simultaneously) before and after exposure to acute, nominal doses of EE2. A control group of males received the same number of trials but was not exposed to EE2. When subjects were unexposed, a behavioural syndrome was found for boldness across contexts. In addition, boldness was positively correlated with aggression in the decision-making context. EE2 exposure disrupted this behavioural syndrome. In summary, EE2 exposure reduced overall behavioural response in all contexts, disrupted the behavioural syndrome and reduced behavioural consistency. Thus, even nominal, short-term exposure to EE2 can have dramatic effects on multiple levels of behaviour and potentially generate severe fitness consequences on exposed aquatic species. This study provides the first evidence of a boldness–aggression syndrome in this species and demonstrates that pollution may negatively influence consistent individual differences in behaviour.
Clathrin‐associated proteins contain bound nucleotide

Clathrin-associated proteins purifies from bovine brain exhibited an ultraviolet spectrum with absorbance maximum at 256 nm and were found to contain tightly bound nucleotide. This nucleotide was identified as AMP and/or ADP by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses. The phosphorylation state of the bound nucleotide varied with storage conditions, suggesting that exchange with ATP might occur while a molar ratio of two nucleotides per protein molecule is maintained. This nucleotide binding site may play a role in the functions of clathrin-associated proteins.
Factors influencing intentions to integrate tobacco education among advanced practice nursing faculty.

We report on the findings of a national survey that examined factors that influence faculty's intentions to integrate tobacco education in their advanced practice nursing curricula. The addiction component of tobacco use is taking its toll on the health of 48 million smokers in the United States. Several national health authorities recommend and/or mandate that tobacco prevention and tobacco cessation be addressed at every point of entry in the health care delivery system. However, there is increasing evidence that health care providers may not be adequately prepared to meet national goals and/or standards. One hundred sixty-one advanced practice nursing faculty in the United States completed an 88-item survey regarding external factors (e.g., personal history of tobacco use, clinical practice, and current tobacco topics taught) and components of the Theory of Reasoned Action model (including perceived self-efficacy, behavioral beliefs, subjective norms, and control beliefs related to tobacco education). Descriptive statistics, χ 2 analysis, Pearson correlation, and linear regression were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that sex ( χ 2 = 7.949, P = .024), level of education ( χ 2 = 26.853, P = .0005), years of academic teaching ( χ 2 = 19.418, P = .013), and combined clinical and course responsibility ( χ 2 = 10.430, P = .0236) were significant external (demographic) factors and that behavioral beliefs (attitude about tobacco education) demonstrated the strongest relationship with intention scores ( r = 0.876, P
A role for intermediate filaments in the establishment of the primitive epithelia during mammalian embryogenesis

Abstract Investigations of the cytoskeleton in mammalian eggs and embryos have revealed the existence of an unusual array of crosslinked intermediate filaments composed of cytokeratins 5, 6, 16, and ‘Z’ that are referred to as cytoskeletal sheets. We have been investigating the function of these cytoskeletal sheets during embryogenesis. In this investigation we report the rapid appearance of extensive arrays of tonofilaments extending across blastomeres and in association with intercellular desmosomal junctions appearing at the time the embryo hatches from its zona pellucida, through the time of implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall. Just prior to the time of gastrulation these tonofilaments disappear. Electron microscopy and immunoconfocal microscopy demonstrate that the tonofilaments are composed of cytokeratins characteristic of the type found earlier in development, that is types 5 and 6; whereas, cytokeratin type 8 which has been shown to be synthesized in blastocysts is localized primarily at perinuclear regions. Cytokeratins 8 and 18 are synthesized to about the same extent as actin at the time the tonofilaments appear whereas the synthesis of cytokeratins 5 an 6 is greatly reduced. Our results suggest that cytokeratins 5 and 6 in the tonofilaments may arise from the stored form of cytokeratins in the cytoskeletal sheets. Consequently, our results suggest that the sheets may serve as a maternal reserve of cytokeratin employed by the embryo at the time of implantation to form extensive arrays of tonofilaments in the embryo that likely provide structural integrity to the embryo as it is subjected to mechanical stress during invasion and implantation into the uterine wall.
Capturing basic movements for mobile platforms embedded with motion sensors

A novel experimental setup using accelerometer and gyroscope sensors embedded on a single board along with a distance-based pattern recognition algorithm is presented for accurately identifying basic movements for possible application in gaming using a mobile platform. As an example, we considered some basic step sequences in the popular dance game (e.g., dance dance revolution), and could detect these movements with a reasonably high probability. We envision that the experimental results presented in this paper will motivate future research in the world of mobile gaming applications using advanced smart phones with a dual module design.
Apoptosis is associated with an inhibition of aminophospholipid translocase (APTL) in CNS-derived HN2-5 and HOG cells and phosphatidylserine is a recognition molecule in microglial uptake of the apoptotic HN2-5 cells

A balance of the activities of multiple enzymes maintains the typical asymmetry of plasma membrane lipids in healthy cells. Such enzyme activities are (a) the aminophopholipid translocase (APTL) (a lipid-selective P-type ATPase that catalyzes inward movement of aminophospholipids), (b) the scramblase (a calcium-dependent and ATP-independent enzyme that catalyzes both inward and outward movement of lipids), (c) the floppase (an ATP-dependent enzyme that catalyzes only outward movement of lipids). Activation or inhibition of any one of these enzymes would lead to a loss in this asymmetry. Apoptosis-associated externalization of phophatidylserine has been reported for many different cell-types, but the exact mechanism involved in this loss of membrane asymmetry has not been identified yet. In this report we demonstrate concurrence of APTL inhibition, caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in CNS-derived HN2-5 and HOG cells. Additionally, we provide data to demonstrate that the phagocytosis of apoptotic, CNS-derived HN2-5 cells by the microglial cells requires recognition through phosphatidylserine (PS). Thus the enzyme aminopholipid translocase is inhibited during apoptosis of CNS-derived cells and this alone could account for the loss of plasma membrane lipid-asymmetry observed in these cells.
Synaptotagmin Perturbs Lipid Structure of Membrane Bilayers

The perturbation of lipid acyl chain order by fusion proteins is widely reported in the membrane of viral entry and fertilization process. Synaptotagmin is the Ca2+ trigger for membrane fusion in neuronal exocytosis, and it may act by modulating lipid packing or membrane curvature strain. The effects of soluble synaptotagmin (C2AB) and the individual C2 domains (C2A and C2B) on the lipid order of POPC:POPS (3:1) membrane bilayer were examined with attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Our results show that C2AB and C2B decrease lipid order while C2A increases the lipid order. However, at higher protein concentrations a threshold is reached where, the effect on order is reduced or even reversed. The presence of 1% PIP2 in the lipid bilayer lowers these threshold concentrations. This change in lipid order is largely due to POPS and suggests that the effect on lipid order is due to the demixing of POPS. Interestingly, this effect is not seen in another negatively changed lipid POPG. The effect of synaptotagmin on demixing in PC:PS membrane bilayers was further investigated by fluorescence quenching. Our results show that the C2AB and C2B demix the PS in the presence of Ca2+, while C2A has little effect. Natural abundance 13-C HSQC NMR experiment on POPC:POPS (3:1) vesicles shows that the binding of synaptotagmin changes the chemical shift of PS in the presence of Ca2+, indicating an interaction between the protein and lipid. Taken together, these data suggest that synaptotagmin induces a PS-specific modulation of the acyl chain lipid order as a result of PS-demixing, which may play a role in the mechanism of Ca2+-mediated fusion in the central nervous system.
Gender differences and audit committee diligence

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between the presence of females on the audit committee and the number of audit committee meetings.Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a multivariate regression model to examine the association between gender on the audit committee and the number of audit committee meetings used as a proxy for audit committee diligence. The paper uses a sample of 254 firms from the S&P SmallCap600, with a December 31, 2003 fiscal year‐end.Findings – The author finds consistent evidence to show that audit committees with at least one female director were likely to meet more often than all‐male audit committees.Research limitations/implications – Future research suggests that it may be fruitful to examine the effects of gender on other aspects of audit committee and board activities and the interaction between audit committees, management, and the external auditor. Furthermore, the results of the paper have strong implications for regulators and poli...
Determination of nitrite in soil extracts and water samples by a nitrogen oxide electrode

Abstract Work to evaluate the Orion nitrogen oxide electrode indicated that this electrode can be used satisfactorily for determination of nitrite in soil extracts and water samples. The electrode method of analysis described is simple, rapid, and precise, and its results agree closely with those obtained by the colorimetric method of Griess‐Ilosvay. The electrode method has the advantage that its results are not affected by color or turbidity or by Cu2+ and Hg2+ present in samples under analysis
Choosing to Die: Suicide Bombing and Suicide Protest in South Asia

Scholars tend to attribute the use of suicide protest and suicide bombing to purely rational considerations. In contrast, I argue that conventional understandings of strategy are too narrow and must be expanded to include emotional motivations for political mobilization. “Complex” strategy directly engages both the calculative and emotive understandings of political action. I develop this theory through a comparison of suicide protests and suicide bombings in South Asia, focusing on the emotional content of this extreme tactic. Suicide protests illustrate the importance of pride, sympathy, fear, and shame in political mobilization. I explore the emotional character of suicide in protest through an investigation of two cases: the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in Sri Lanka (LTTE) and the Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) in India.
Chemical Monitoring of Sewage Sludge in Pennsylvania: Variability and Application Uncertainty

Application of sewage sludge to farmland in Pennsylvania (PA) is regulated by crop N needs and the cumulative loading of eight trace elements. A survey of 7746 sewage sludges produced at 177 publicly owned (wastewater) treatment works (POTWs) in PA from 1978 to 1997 was conducted to determine what changes have occurred in nutrient and trace element concentrations, how currently produced sewage sludges compare with regulatory trace element standards, inter- and intra-POTW variability in sewage sludge constituents, and uncertainty estimates for application of nutrients and trace elements. Concentration medians and ranges of nutrients changed very little during the 20-yr period, whereas there were large decreases in Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, and Zn. Rates of decrease for concentrations of these elements and As, Se, and Mo were smaller or not different from zero in the last 5 yr of the survey. Assessment of sewage sludge constituents among a subset of 12 POTWs showed larger inter- than intra-POTW variability. Sewage sludge N content uncertainty showed that the maximum error in determination of plant available N ranged from 0.39 to 1.09 of the intended amount. This uncertainty could be reduced by increased frequency of N analysis prior to sewage sludge application. Application uncertainty for trace elements was large relative to the amount of trace elements added to the soil in a single application, but very small relative to the cumulative loading limit (generally <0.01). Further decreases in trace element variability or increased frequency of analysis would not be expected to decrease error in trace element cumulative loading calculations.
Convexity of the bounds induced by Markov's inequality☆

Abstract X is a nonnegative random variable such that E X t t X is bounded above by [ϵ −1 E X t ] 1⧸t . We show that there exist positive ϵ 1 ≥ ϵ 2 such that for all 0 1 the function g ( t ) = [ ϵ -1 EX t ] 1⧸ t is log-convex in [0, c ] and such that for all 0 2 the function log g ( t ) is nonincreasing in [0, c ].
Standard and robust orthogonal regression

A fast routine for converting regression algorithms into corresponding orthogonal regression (OR) algorithms was introduced in Ammann and Van Ness (1988). The present paper discusses the properties of various ordinary and robust OR procedures created using this routine. OR minimizes the sum of the orthogonal distances from the regression plane to the data points. OR has three types of applications. First, L 2 OR is the maximum likelihood solution of the Gaussian errors-in-variables (EV) regression problem. This L 2 solution is unstable, thus the robust OR algorithms created from robust regression algorithms should prove very useful. Secondly, OR is intimately related to principal components analysis. Therefore, the routine can also be used to create L 1, robust, etc. principal components algorithms. Thirdly, OR treats the x and y variables symmetrically which is important in many modeling problems. Using Monte Carlo studies this paper compares the performance of standard regression, robust regression, OR,...
Renormalisation of the πNN-vertex in a nuclear medium

Abstract Corrections to the πNN vertex in a nuclear medium (from mechanism other than the Lorentz-Lorenz effect) are estimated and found to be relatively small. At nuclear matter density the effective πN coupling constant (at a pion frequency ω = mπ is reduced by less than 6% from its free space value.
Role of Alveolar Macrophage‐ and Lung T Cell‐derived Mediators in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

The process of granuloma formation in the lung is mediated by an intimate interaction between macrophages and T cells, and this interaction provides the appropriate environment for granuloma formation and the development of fibrosis. Much of this process of granuloma formation and fibrosis appears to be triggered by the release of immune mediators by alveolar macrophages and lung T cells.
Construction of Crossing-Symmetric Amplitudes Satisfying Duality

The general problem of constructing crossing-symmetric amplitudes satisfying duality for spinless two-body scattering processes is studied. An integral representation is first given for a sum of direct-channel resonance contributions. When one demands that this sum be dual and crossing-symmetric, the integrand is found to satisfy equations and asymptotic conditions, the general solutions to which are obtained. An infinity of solutions is found, implying that an infinity of amplitudes may then be constructed. The Veneziano amplitude is shown to be among the simplest. The Regge-pole content of these amplitudes is then given, and factorization is shown to be satisfied only at the expense of a degeneracy in the angular momentum spectrum.
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome in Double-Hit Lymphoma

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is a painful condition characterized by hemicranial pain, retroorbital pain, loss of vision, oculomotor nerve paralysis, and sensory loss in distribution of ophthalmic and maxillary division of trigeminal nerve. Lymphomas rarely involve cavernous sinus and simulate Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Here we present a first case of double-hit B cell lymphoma (DHL) relapsing and masquerading as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. The neurological findings were explained by a lymphomatous infiltration of the right Gasserian ganglion which preceded systemic relapse. As part of this report, the diagnostic criteria for Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and double-hit lymphoma are reviewed and updated treatment recommendations are presented.
Prostaglandin Mediates Premature Delivery in Pregnant Sheep Induced by Estradiol at 121 Days of Gestational Age

The experiments reported here were designed for both in vivo and in vitro approaches in the same animals to obtain a better picture of the role of estrogen in the control of parturition. Chronically catheterized pregnant ewes were treated with vehicle (n = 5) or estradiol (n = 6), 5 mg twice a day, im for 2 d starting at d 119 of gestation. Maternal and fetal plasma estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol were measured by RIA and maternal plasma prostaglandin (PG) F2α was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Intrauterine PG H synthase 2 mRNA and protein and placental P450c17α hydroxylase mRNA were determined by Northern, in situ hybridization, Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Five of six estradiol-treated ewes delivered their fetuses within 48 h; however, the placenta was still retained 5–6 h after fetal delivery. Both maternal plasma estradiol and PGF2α increased significantly in the estradiol-treated group. Maternal and fetal plasma progesterone and cortisol were not...
Course Preparation Assignments: A Strategy for Creating Discussion-Based Courses:

Although many of us would like to get beyond lecturing, we often lack con crete strategies for doing so, particularly in our larger classes. This paper sug gests one such strategy for creating a discussion-based course. The success of such a course is predicated on students reading and thinking about the course material (receiving "first exposure") prior to attending class so that class time can be devoted to more substantively engaging activities grounded in guided discussion. The vehicle I propose for achieving this first exposure to the course material is the "Course Preparation Assignment" (CPA). This article explains the rationale for discussion-based courses, describes the development and use of CPAs, and assesses a discussion-based course by comparing it to a traditional lecture course on several outcomes. The assessment reveals that the use of these assignments to create a discussion-based course has been a great success, allowing me to foster student engagement with the course material by spending the majority of class time coordinating, facilitating, and leading discussions, rather than constantly lecturing at the students.
In search of a rational approach to chronic kidney disease detection and management

Rates of incident end-stage renal disease persist above established goals, driving efforts for early identification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to reduce progression. The detection of CKD using existing electronic data sources has been proposed as an efficient identification method; however, this method is not without potential challenges and limitations.
Cautionary note on unbalanced ranked-set sampling

Balanced ranked-set sampling (RSS) offers improved statistical inference in situations where the units to be sampled can be ranked relative to each other prior to formal measurement. Recent work has shown that provided the ranking process is perfect, unbalanced RSS can do even better. In this article, we examine the performance of one unbalanced RSS technique when the ranking process is not perfect. Using an Ohio corn production data set, we show that median-based unbalanced RSS outperforms balanced RSS in estimating a population median if the rankings are nearly perfect. We also show, however, that median-based unbalanced RSS may perform extremely poorly when the ranking process is less than perfect. This effect is particularly pronounced when the variable of interest has a skewed distribution. We thus offer a note of caution for users of unbalanced RSS.
A mathematical analysis of carbon dioxide respiration in man

By means of physico-mathematical models, formulas are obtained for the purpose of making analyses of external carbon dioxide respiration in man under conditions of metabolic equilibrium. The methods evolved are flexible, permitting study of a wide variety of physiological assumptions. Sample calculations relate various factors in the process of external respiration, and show good agreement with experimental data. A quantitative description of the effects of various factors on rate of carbon dioxide output and alveolar tension is given. In particular, this theory gives a quantitative prediction of the fluctuation in alveolar carbon dioxide tension over the period of a single respiratory cycle.
Reevaluation of digoxin-encainide interactions using an animal model

The effects of intravenous encainide on digoxin-induced atrial ectopic tachycardia (AET) were investigated in the rat using 3-channel simultaneous limb-lead electrocardiography. Pentobarbital-anesthetized (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) adult male rats were given digoxin subcutaneously, 30 mg/kg. After onset of AET, rats received either saline (0.5 ml/kg) or encainide; 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg intravenously in repeated doses at 15-min intervals. At all doses, encainide converted digoxin-induced AET to ventricular arrhythmias, prolonged recovery time, and increased mortality in comparison to saline-treated animals. An additional group of anesthetized rats was not given digoxin. These animals received encainide (2.0 mg/kg, intravenously) in repeated doses at 15-min interval and developed dose-related increase in the P-R interval only. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture from 12 additional anesthetized, digoxin-treated rats 5 min after the fourth intravenous dose of saline (0.5 ml/kg, n = 6) or encainide (1.0 mg/kg, n = 6). Serum was prepared and analyzed by affinity column-mediated immunoassay. Digoxin levels were the same in both groups. These results suggest that encainide may exacerbate digoxin-induced arrhythmias (proarrhythmic effect) in this species. In view of our findings of digoxin-encainide interactions in the rat, we recommend caution if these drugs are coadministered in humans.
EFFECT OF STRESS ON GLYCOGEN AND PHOSPHORYLASE IN THE RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY.

The glycogen content of the adenohypophysis, median eminence and hypothalamus was measured by a micromodification of the anthrone method. Stress caused a significant decrease in the glycogen content in both the anterior pituitary and median eminence. Glycogen phosphorylase determinations were performed in the anterior pituitary. The results indicate that most of the phosphorylase exists in the active form in normal rat pituitaries. These observations support concepts of the rapid metabolic response of the pituitary to acute stresses. (Endocrinology 75: 86, 1964)
Temporal evolution of surface ripples on a finite plasma slab subject to the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability

Using the ideal magnetohydrodynamic model, we calculate the temporal evolution of initial ripples on the boundaries of a planar plasma slab that is subjected to the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The plasma slab consists of three regions. We assume that in each region the plasma density is constant with an arbitrary value and the magnetic field is also constant with an arbitrary magnitude and an arbitrary direction parallel to the interfaces. Thus, the instability may be driven by a combination of magnetic pressure and kinetic pressure. The general dispersion relation is derived, together with the feedthrough factor between the two interfaces. The temporal evolution is constructed from the superposition of the eigenmodes. Previously established results are recovered in the various limits. Numerical examples are given on the temporal evolution of ripples on the interfaces of the finite plasma slab.
Development and evaluation of a computer-aided diagnostic scheme for lung nodule detection in chest radiographs by means of two-stage nodule enhancement with support vector classification.

Purpose: To develop a computer-aided detection (CADe) scheme for nodules in chest radiographs (CXRs) with a high sensitivity and a low false-positive (FP) rate. Methods: The authors developed a CADe scheme consisting of five major steps, which were developed for improving the overall performance of CADe schemes. First, to segment the lung fields accurately, the authors developed a multisegment active shape model. Then, a two-stage nodule-enhancement technique was developed for improving the conspicuity of nodules. Initial nodule candidates were detected and segmented by using the clustering watershed algorithm. Thirty-one shape-, gray-level-, surface-, and gradient-based features were extracted from each segmented candidate for determining the feature space, including one of the new features based on the Canny edge detector to eliminate a major FP source caused by rib crossings. Finally, a nonlinear support vector machine (SVM) with a Gaussian kernel was employed for classification of the nodule candidates. Results: To evaluate and compare the scheme to other published CADe schemes, the authors used a publicly available database containing 140 nodules in 140 CXRs and 93 normal CXRs. The CADe scheme based on the SVM classifier achieved sensitivities of 78.6% (110/140) and 71.4% (100/140) with averages of 5.0 (1165/233) FPs/image and 2.0more » (466/233) FPs/image, respectively, in a leave-one-out cross-validation test, whereas the CADe scheme based on a linear discriminant analysis classifier had a sensitivity of 60.7% (85/140) at an FP rate of 5.0 FPs/image. For nodules classified as ''very subtle'' and ''extremely subtle,'' a sensitivity of 57.1% (24/42) was achieved at an FP rate of 5.0 FPs/image. When the authors used a database developed at the University of Chicago, the sensitivities was 83.3% (40/48) and 77.1% (37/48) at an FP rate of 5.0 (240/48) FPs/image and 2.0 (96/48) FPs /image, respectively. Conclusions: These results compare favorably to those described for other commercial and noncommercial CADe nodule detection systems.« less
Gender Differences in Beliefs About the Influence of Ability and Effort in Sport and Physical Activity

The purpose of this study was to explore gender differences in reasoning about the relationships between natural ability, effort/practice, and final skill level/performance across 16 physical activities at both elite and recreational levels. The participants were 153 college students enrolled in 6 physical activity classes. They completed 2 questionnaires. The results indicated that in physical activity domains, male students tended to rate natural ability as more influential for successful skill level or performance than did female students, but the beliefs seemed to vary for activities that are gender-linked. For all the participants, natural ability was viewed as more important at the elite level than at the recreational level. A strategy for practitioners and coaches to use foster beliefs in the efficacy of effort must be developed by challenging the conception of sports as gender-typed and promoting the concept of sports for all.
Economic impact of public programs on a locality

Abstract A model for the general economic impact of a public welfare or service program on a locality is developed. Parameters are estimated for a Manpower Training Program proposed for New Orleans, Louisiana. The results of several analyses are reported and some conclusions drawn. Suggestions for an extension of the analyses are made.
12 Gsample/s wavelength division sampling analogue-to-digital converter

We have demonstrated a 12Gsample/s continuous time ADC system using wavelength division sampling. Three 4Gsample/s optical pulse trains operating at different wavelengths are interleaved in time to achieved a rate of 12Gsample/s. The interleaving and demultiplexing of the samples is performed using only passive optical filters. Three 4Gsample/s electronic ADCs are then used to digitise the data, the complete signal being reconstructed in the digital domain.
A public key system with signature and master key functions

Let K be a finite field of 2m elements. Let O4O3O2O1be tame automorphisms of the n + r-dimensional affine space Kn+r . Let the composition O4O3O2O1 be π. The automorphism π and some of the O i ’S will be hidden. Let the component expression of π be . Let the restriction of π to a subspace be as . The field K and the polynomial map will be announced as the public key. Given a plaintext , then the ciphertext will be . Given O i and , it is easy to find . Therefore the plaintext can be recovered by . The private key will be the set of maps O4O3O2O1. The security of the system rests in part on the difficulty of finding the map π from the partial informations provided by the map and the factorization of the map π into a product (i.e., composition) of tame automorphisms O i 's.
Determination of benzene and toluene in soils and plant material by azeotropic distillation.

The suspected dumping of gasoline near a garden resulted in the need for a method that would measure trace amounts of benzene and toluene in both soil and plant samples. In this report the authors show that a method involving methanolic extraction and azeotropic distillation is a highly sensitive technique that eliminated the contamination of the GC column by non-volatile material.
Contextualized chemistry education : The American experience

This paper is a survey of context‐based chemistry education in the United States. It begins with a very brief overview of twentieth‐century chemistry texts and teaching methods, followed by a short description of a pioneering secondary school text. The major emphasis is on post‐secondary instruction and the central case study is provided by Chemistry in Context, a university text intended for students who are not specializing in science. The paper is more concerned with strategies for curriculum reform than with educational research, and the emphasis is more pragmatic than theoretical. A chronological sequence is used to trace the creation of Chemistry in Context. This developmental account is overlaid with the curricular representations of Goodlad and Van den Akker. The Ideal Curriculum was the goal, but the Formal Curriculum was created and revised as a consequence of iteration involving perceptions of the users, the implementation of the curriculum, the experience of students and teachers, and formal a...
Enalapril, a new nonsulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, does not potentiate morphine analgesia.

Abstract Sprague-Dawley rats received oral doses of enalaril maleate (5 mg/kg), a potent, nonsulfhydryl, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, or saline. Sixty min later, morphine sulfate, 5 mg/kg, or saline was injected subcutaneously. Response to a thermal stimulus was monitored before and up to 5 h ter morphine injection using the rat tail flick test. Serum ACE activity was > 90% inhibited by enalapril throughout the experiment. Enalapril did not exhibit analgesic activity nor did it potentiate morphine analgesia.
The Recipe for Being a Good Military Wife: How Military Wives Managed OIF/OEF Deployment

Interviews with 25 military wives to elicit their lived experience of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom deployment found two main themes: the recipe for being a good military wife and managing split loyalties. Military wives' experience reflected a disenfranchised existence. Their stress was exacerbated by the reality of the composition of their marital relationship—a couple–military threesome—that they bore in silence. Their marginalization did not deter them from supporting their husbands the best they could, reflecting their inherent strength and resilience. The wives had a recipe that helped them manage the stresses inherent in deployment. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator device malfunction: first report of a “high current” condition triggering device failure

A 16-year-old asymptomatic male with idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy underwent implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death after he progressed to massive left ventricular hypertrophy (septal thickness 35 mm, Z=+13.72). A Cameron Health/Boston Scientific (St. Paul, MN) SQ-RX Model 1010 subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) and Model 3010 electrode were implanted uneventfully. The patient’s 2-week and 6-month postimplantation S-ICD evaluations revealed no arrhythmia episodes and satisfactory electrode impedance status and battery longevity. At his 1-year follow-up visit, his S-ICD could not be interrogated even after changing of programmers and magnet reset. Most notably, there were no audible tones with magnet application. Premature battery depletion was suspected, although a review confirmed that his device did not fall within Cameron Health’s field safety advisory in 2011 regarding a specific subset of SQ-RX Model 1010 generators that were prone to this problem. The manufacturer’s safety advisory in 2013 concerning a necessary device software update to prevent the unintentional activation of an internal protective fuse also did not apply. Device explantation was therefore performed. Manufacturer’s analysis of the explanted device revealed the activation of the battery fuse. Microscopic inspection found several damaged solder connections, resulting in small Bflakes^ that likely became dislodged and came into contact with the battery terminals to create a brief high current state. This activated the battery fuse, which serves to shield the patient from exposure to potentially high thermal conditions caused by a sustained short circuit. This, in turn, rendered the S-ICD inoperable.
Technical issues in carotid artery surgery 1995

In reviews in the 1980s, we discussed both indications for and surgical techniques in carotid endarterectomy. Significant changes in the practice of extracranial cerebrovascular reconstruction have occurred over the past few years. The newest indications and cooperative study data have recently been discussed by Camarata and Heros in this topic review series. In this article, we aim to review the advances in operative monitoring and surgical techniques of the last decade. We would be remiss, however, not to note that the latest Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study data, released in September 1994, indicate that carotid endarterectomy is significantly superior to medical therapy for asymptomatic stenosis of > 60%. These data, along with the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial results, will revitalize and lend scientific validity to carotid artery reconstruction.
Work-related peak flow and asthma symptoms in a damp building.

Methods At the beginning of the study, all workers were offered a questionnaire and methacholine challenge testing. Participants were then instructed to perform serial spirometry using handheld spirometers five times per day over a 3 week period. Peak flow data were analysed using OASYS-2 software. We calculated the area between the curves (ABC score) using hours from waking. We considered a score >5.6 L/min/h to be indicative of a work-related pattern. Results All 24 employees participated in the questionnaire. Seven participants (29%) reported physiciandiagnosed asthma with onset after starting work in the building. Almost two-thirds (63%) of participants reported at least one lower respiratory symptom (LRS) occurring one or more times per week in the last 4 weeks. Twenty-two (92%) consented to participate in serial spirometry. Fourteen participants had adequate quality of serial spirometry, five of whom had ABC scores >5.6, ranging from 5.9–23.0. Of these five, two had airways responsiveness, three had current post-hire onset physician-diagnosed asthma and four reported work-related LRS. Conclusions We found evidence of work-related changes in serial peak flows among some occupants of an office building with a history of dampness. Serial peak flows may be a useful measure to determine WRA in office settings.
Analyses of selected variables effecting video streamed over IP

The goal of this study was to understand the impact of certain variables effecting the transmission of video over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, utilizing data from Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Picture Quality Rating (PQR) measurement metrics.
Development of a GIS-based model for extrapolating mesoscale groundwater recharge estimates using integrated geospatial data sets

A geographic information systems (GIS)-based model was used to derive spatially explicit estimates of recharge using the elevation-dependent chloride mass-balance (EDCMB) approach in a 14-basin area in southwestern Nevada, USA. For each of the 14 basins, a non-linear regression equation was developed relating chloride enrichment to the elevation of spring watersheds. The ratio of chloride enrichment as a function of elevation was used in a GIS framework to transform continuous precipitation data to recharge. Spatial masks that represented two definitions of the lower limits of recharge—one definition based on alluvium/non-alluvium boundaries, the other based on both alluvium/non-alluvium boundaries and an elevation threshold—were applied to each basin. Resultant recharge estimates were then summed for each basin. When compared to summaries of previous recharge estimates for the study area, the EDCMB approach produced results that were within 14 and 3% of two studies, but were significantly greater (31%) than a third. GIS proved to be a very effective tool for combining large spatial data with widely different resolutions into an integrated data set, and also proved to be an efficient mechanism for implementing robust statistical models to estimate recharge.
Personal reminiscences of ophthalmology giants of the 20th century.

Abstract This paper records personal reminiscences of seven 20th century ophthalmologists who each in his own way metaphorically split the atom and, thereby, changed ophthalmology forever. In addition to their major contributions, they each shared some very desirable traits. They were gentlemen who were devoted to their families and their families to them.
Investigating Correlations Between Reynolds-Averaged Flowfields and Noise for Forced Mixed Jets

Jet engine manufacturers have known for some time that mixer design has a strong influence on jet noise, but the correlation between the two is unclear. The Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) computed steady-state flowfields of several mixers for which the far-field noise characteristics are known are analyzed. Three mixers with different lobe penetration heights are examined. The WIND computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is used and compared with results from recent experiments conducted at the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field. The Menter shear stress transport turbulence model and computational meshes of 1.9 million grid points are used for the comparisons. The turbulent kinetic energy profiles predicted by CFD are in good qualitative agreement with experimental data. Inferences are also made as to what correlations can be drawn between the RANS computed flowfield and the experimentally determined far-field noise and how this information may be used as an aid in mixer design. Nomenclature
The 5 R’s: An Emerging Bold Standard for Conducting Relevant Research in a Changing World

Research often fails to find its way into practice or policy in a timely way, if at all. Given the current pressure and pace of health care change, many authors have recommended different approaches to make health care research more relevant and rapid. An emerging standard for research, the “5 R’s” is a synthesis of recommendations for care delivery research that (1) is relevant to stakeholders; (2) is rapid and recursive in application; (3) redefines rigor; (4) reports on resources required; and (5) is replicable. Relevance flows from substantive ongoing participation by stakeholders. Rapidity and recursiveness occur through accelerated design and peer reviews followed by short learning/implementation cycles through which questions and answers evolve over time. Rigor is the disciplined conduct of shared learning within the specific changing situations in diverse settings. Resource reporting includes costs of interventions. Replicability involves designing for the factors that may affect subsequent implementation of an intervention or program in different contexts. These R’s of the research process are mutually reinforcing and can be supported by training that fosters collaborative and reciprocal relationships among researchers, implementers, and other stakeholders. In sum, a standard is emerging for research that is both rigorous and relevant. Consistent and bold application will increase the value, timeliness, and applicability of the research enterprise.
Liquid Crystals Anchored on Mixed Monolayers of Chiral versus Achiral Molecules: Continuous Change in Orientation as a Function of Enantiomeric Excess†

The orientations of liquid crystals (LCs) anchored on monolayers formed from mixtures of chiral versus achiral molecules were compared. Changes in the enantiomeric excess of mixed monolayers of chiral dipeptides gave rise to continuous changes in the orientations of nematic LCs, allowing arbitrary tuning of the azimuthal orientations of LCs over a range of ≈100°. In contrast, the same LCs exhibited discontinuous changes in orientation on surfaces presenting mixtures of achiral molecules. These striking differences in the anchoring of LCs on surfaces presenting chiral versus achiral molecules provide insights into the molecular origins of ordering transitions of LCs, and provide new principles based on chiral monolayers for the rational design of surfaces that permit continuous tuning of the orientations of LCs.
Analysis of gas-fluidized solid systems by x-ray absorption

X-ray absorption is presented as a unique tool for the study of the fundamentals of gas fludization. For example, bed-density profiles, valuable indexes of the quality of fluidization, are readily determined by means of X-ray absorption. No internal probes, to interfere with the normal action within a fluidized bed, are involved. As an initial application of X-ray absorption to fluidization, the results of a study of the effect of mode of distribution of gas to a fluidized bed are presented. The importance of this variable, only superficially discussed in previous literature, is clearly shown by these results. Application of X-ray absorption to other chemical engineering operations is readily conceivable.
T cell receptor signal strength in Treg and iNKT cell development demonstrated by a novel fluorescent reporter mouse

The ability of antigen receptors to engage self-ligands with varying affinity is crucial for lymphocyte development. To further explore this concept, we generated transgenic mice expressing GFP from the immediate early gene Nr4a1 (Nur77) locus. GFP was up-regulated in lymphocytes by antigen receptor stimulation but not by inflammatory stimuli. In T cells, GFP was induced during positive selection, required major histocompatibility complex for maintenance, and directly correlated with the strength of T cell receptor (TCR) stimulus. Thus, our results define a novel tool for studying antigen receptor activation in vivo. Using this model, we show that regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and invariant NKT cells (iNKT cells) perceived stronger TCR signals than conventional T cells during development. However, although Treg cells continued to perceive strong TCR signals in the periphery, iNKT cells did not. Finally, we show that Treg cell progenitors compete for recognition of rare stimulatory TCR self-ligands.