cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Personality as a Predictor of College Performance

Total SAT score, average grade earned in high school, and 32 personality variables are examined via forward multiple regression analyses to identify the best combination for predicting GPA in a sample of 201 psychology students. Average grade earned in high school enters first, accounting for 19% of the variance in GPA. Self-control enters second, and SAT third; these account for 9% and 5% of the variance, respectively. No other predictors accounted for substantial portions of variance. This pattern of results converges with findings reported by other investigators using other measures of personality. It was recommended that the global trait of self-control or conscientiousness be systematically assessed and used in college admissions decisions.
Mean Square Performance and Robust Yet Fragile Nature of Torus Networked Average Consensus

This paper addresses the mean square (MS) performance problem for torus networked average consensus under stochastic disturbances. We investigate how a torus networked average consensus will behave when all of the communication links are unreliable and each node is subject to the perturbation of additive noise. We first show that the MS performance problem is equivalent to an MS stability problem, which can be further transformed into a standard ${\cal H}_{2}$ norm computation. Although the analysis complexity does not scale nicely with system size and dimension, based on the spatially invariant structure of torus lattices as well as the decomposition of their Laplacians, we are able to derive an efficiently computable closed-form formula for analysis. That is, we express the MS performance index in terms of the eigenvalues of the 1-D torus Laplacian, making the MS performance analysis efficient. We discover, for a fixed update gain, that the torus networked average consensus of a high dimension performs the best when in the MS stability regime, but it is also the most vulnerable to MS instability. This reflects a tradeoff between MS stability and performance.
Arterial patterns of the rat rhinencephalon and related structures.

Abstract Course and distribution information on arteries in the rat rhinencephalon was not found in the literature. Such data are useful for designing experiments and interpreting findings, tracing nerve fibers on or to intracerebral vessels, and in considering routes for diffusion or transport of intracerebral injected agents. Adult rats were perfused with silicone rubber and many brains were cleared in glycerin. The major arteries to the olfactory bulb stem from the anterior cerebral artery. A middle cerebral arterial ramus could provide a collateral source. The septum receives supply exclusively from the anterior cerebral artery. A rostral lesion in the medial septum would most likely involve arteries supplying more caudal structures including hippocampal afferent and efferent fibers. No anastomoses between septal arteries or with middle or posterior cerebral arterial rami were observed. The cingulate cortex receives anterior cerebral arterial branches with the middle cerebral artery being a collateral source. The amygdala and overlying cortex receive branches of the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries. Transverse arteries in the hippocampal fissure stem from the longitudinal hippocampal artery, a branch of the posterior cerebral artery, to nourish the hippocampus and portions of the fascia dentata. Other branches supply the remainder of the fascia dentata, entorhinal and subicular structures, and certain vessels anastomose with middle cerebral arterial rami. A transverse artery occlusion would probably result in a lesion: No intracerebral arterial anastomoses were observed. Vascular compensation may occur following occlusion of the longitudinal artery via supply from the middle cerebral artery.
Adult child-parent bonds and life course criminality

Abstract Parents and parenting practices are often implicated as predictors of early childhood offending in criminological research, but little is known about the role of parents in adulthood in promoting or inhibiting criminal behavior. As juveniles mature into adult roles, parents also continue to mature and interact with their children in numerous roles throughout the life course. Unlike peers and romantic partners, parents are not easily discarded. Adults who have built a good foundation with their parents, then, possess additional social capital that has the potential to better adult life course outcomes, including criminal behavior. Social bonds formed within romantic relationships and stable employment have been the dominant factors identified within criminological literature in promoting criminal desistance, but in today's society with high rates of divorce and an unstable low-skilled job market, parents of origin may be an important stabilizing force in the lives of adults, particularly those lacking other conventional bonds. Using three waves of data from the Ohio Lifecourse Study, a project that spans some twenty-one years, the findings showed that strong relationships with parents are a significant predictor of criminal desistance for adult children, mainly through the emotional benefits these relationships have for the adult children. Furthermore, the data revealed that the adult child-parent relationship is a stronger predictor of desistance among the subjects with poor romantic relationship bonds. Implications for the life course theory are discussed.
Neomycin inhibits the angiogenic activity of fibroblast and epidermal growth factors.

Neomycin has been shown to block nuclear translocation of angiogenin in endothelial cells, thereby inhibiting its capacity to induce angiogenesis. We report here that neomycin is also an effective inhibitor of angiogenesis induced by acidic fibroblast growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and epidermal growth factor, all of which undergo nuclear translocation, but not that of vascular endothelial growth factor which does not undergo nuclear translocation. Blocking nuclear translocation, therefore, seems to be a general mechanism for the antiangiogenesis action of neomycin applicable to those angiogenic factors that require nuclear translocation for angiogenesis. These results along with the known toxicity and pharmacokinetics profiles make neomycin and its analogues good candidate inhibitors of angiogenesis that might be developed as antitumor agents.
The logical status of the principle of induction

For the purposes of the following discussion, let me assume that there is a statement which may be called the principle of induction. I also want to assume that the proposition has the form, similar objects behave in similar ways. That is certainly a very rough formulation. It could be made a little better by saying, similar objects behave in similar ways under similar circumstances. The process of trying to make the principle suffi ciently precise is probably and endless one. For that reason I do not want to begin it. The problem of induction arises when a philosopher holds three proposi tions. They are: (1) The principle of induction states a fact about the world, (2) The principle is empirically untestable, and (3) The principle is a necessary premise of every inductive argument. It is from the last proposition, that the principle is a necessary premise of every inductive argument, that the problem of induction derives its philosophical importance. The problem itself, however, arises from the first two propositions, that the principle says something about the world but is empirically untestable. Everyone, I think, knows the usual Humean formulation of the problem. If the principle of induction says something about the world, then it can be proved or established only by an inductive argument based on empirical evidence. But, since the principle is a premise of every inductive argument, no inductive argument can establish its truth. Actually, the problem of induction needs one more supposition which is provided by the context of traditional western philosophy stemming from Descartes. Descartes' method was to doubt every proposition until he could find an indubitable proof for it. And, in order to maintain him self in a state of doubt, Descartes decided to regard as false any statement he had not deductively proved from incontrovertible premises. The problem of induction comes from applying the Cartesian attitude to the principle of induction. In asking that acceptance of the principle be justified, philosophers in effect look upon it as initially doubtful. Some
Spin dependence of pp inelasticities at intermediate energies

The asymmetries ${A}_{\mathrm{NN}}$ and ${A}_{\mathrm{LL}}$ have been measured at small angles for the p\ensuremath{\rightarrow} p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ reaction at 650 and 800 MeV. Now complete angular distributions are integrated to obtain the contribution of this channel to \ensuremath{\Delta}${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{L}$. These contributions are combined with those from the elastic channel to determine \ensuremath{\Delta}${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{L}$(p\ensuremath{\rightarrow} p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}NN\ensuremath{\pi}) at 650 (=0.775\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 mb) and 800 (=-1.52\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6 mb) MeV. There is pronounced disagreement between these data and the predictions of conventional theories. ${A}_{\mathrm{NN}}$ and ${A}_{\mathrm{LL}}$ also compared with theoretical predictions and their influence on partial-wave analyses is discussed.
An Analysis of and Commentary on Consultants' Reports on Undergraduate Psychology Programs.

Content analysis of evaluations of 20 psychology departments written by 10 consultants was used to generate a list of 24 categories of evaluation in three areas: issues, problems, and recommendations. In all three of these areas, the 2 categories most frequently included in the reports were requirements for the major and physical and financial resources. In 20 other categories, there was a discrepancy between the number of department reporting problems and the number of consultants making recommendations, Consultants typically assumed the role of experts in undergraduate education. We describe more specific roles for consultants in program planning and evaluation, and we offer recommendations for the effective use of external consultants.
Immunolocalization of the major latex proteins in developing laticifers of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum)

Summary The most abundant protein species in poppy latex is a group of low molecular weight peptides which have been termed the major latex proteins or MLPs. In the present investigation the subcellular distribution of MLPs in developing poppy laticifers is examined using ultrastructural immunolocalization. In mature laticifers the MLPs are localized in a subpopulation of the latex vesicles. In some laticifers the protein appears to be compartmentalized within individual vesicles. Associated with the mature laticifers are cells which also contain MLPs in a large central, apparently protein-filled, vacuole. These cells are interpreted to be developing laticifers. Based on these observations a new model for laticifer vesiculation is presented in which fragmentation of a large central vacuole of immature laticifer elements gives rise to the highly vesiculated cytoplasm observed in the mature latex vessel.
Effects of enzyme induction on microsomal benzene metabolism

The effect of induction by phenobarbital (PB), beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), and benzene on benzene metabolism was studied in hepatic microsomes from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two distinct forms of mixed-function oxidase activity appeared to metabolize benzene. One form was active at all substrate concentrations in microsomes from control, benzene-treated, and BNF-treated animals, and at benzene concentrations of 0.8 mM and below in microsomes from PB-treated animals. It was saturated at benzene concentrations above 0.4 mM, had a pH optimum of approximately 6.6, and was stimulated by fluoride. Pretreatment with benzene, but not BNF, increased benzene metabolism in these preparations. Benzene metabolism in microsomes from PB-induced rats was less active than in controls at benzene concentrations below 0.8 mM, but increased rapidly at higher benzene concentrations. Further characteristics of the PB-induced enzyme activity were that saturation was not observed at benzene concentrations as high as 4 mM, the pH optimum for benzene metabolism in these preparations was 7.1, metabolism was not stimulated by fluoride, and metabolism was inhibited by metyrapone. Both phenol and an unidentified polar component were formed from benzene in all microsomal preparations. Formation of the polar component was increased by PB pretreatment and inhibited by metyrapone, suggesting that formation of the polar component involves a step requiring cytochrome P-450.
Political Education and the History of Political Thought

Texts designed to introduce political science students to the history of political thought or to past political theories have been commonplace in the discipline, as have disputes about their pedagogical utility or justifiability, and methodological debates concerning their adequacy or legitimacy. In an effort to address these disputes and some of these debates, I construct three models of historiographical inquiry. Each model represents a particular approach, and each is defined in terms of three common features. The methodological debates are joined both indirectly and directly: indirectly by identifying clearly the major features and purposes of these approaches, and directly by consideration of such issues as the nature of a historical tradition, the legitimacy of certain interpretive strategies and presuppositions, and the viability of certain conceptions of past political theory. I conclude that each approach can make significant contributions to the education of political science students.
Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with intravenous immunoglobulin.

Summary Background Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is increasingly being used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune disease. Objectives To elucidate the efficacy of IVIG as an adjunct treatment for pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). Patients/methods Ten patients with PG were treated with IVIG at Johns Hopkins Department of Dermatology. All patients had severe mutilating and/or refractory disease requiring multi-agent therapy. The charts were reviewed retrospectively. Results Seven of the ten patients had clearance of PG lesions in the setting of IVIG and six of these patients maintained efficacy with repeated IVIG treatment. Five patients complained of nausea with treatment, and in one case nausea was severe and intractable. One patient developed an immune reaction requiring diphenhydramine and methylprednisolone and another experienced aseptic meningitis. Conclusions IVIG may be an effective adjuvant in the treatment of PG and has an acceptable side-effect profile. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trials are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Graphene-polymer nanocomposites for structural and functional applications

Abstract The introduction of graphene-based nanomaterials has prompted the development of flexible nanocomposites for emerging applications in need of superior mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, and chemical performance. These nanocomposites exhibit outstanding structural performance and multifunctional properties by synergistically combining the characteristics of both components if proper structural and interfacial organization is achieved. Here, we briefly introduce the material designs and basic interfacial interactions in the graphene-polymer nanocomposites and the corresponding theoretical models for predicting the mechanical performances of such nanocomposites. Then, we discuss various assembly techniques available for effectively incorporating the strong and flexible graphene-based components into polymer matrices by utilization of weak and strong interfacial interactions available in functionalized graphene sheets. We discuss mechanical performance and briefly summarize other physical (thermal, electrical, barrier, and optical) properties, which are controlled by processing conditions and interfacial interactions. Finally, we present a brief outlook of the developments in graphene-based polymer nanocomposites by discussing the major progress, opportunities, and challenges.
A MODEL FOR ALLOCATING LIMITED RESOURCES WHEN MAKING SAFETY‐STOCK DECISIONS

This article describes the application of a goal programming model to set safety stocks in a fixed-interval, variable order-quantity inventory system. The firm is constrained by limited storage space and capital in the determination of inventory levels. The costs resulting from the use of the proposed model are contrasted with costs resulting from an alternative method based solely upon a forecasting model. The costs considered are holding costs, stock-out costs, and the costs of acquiring excess resources. Excess resources are required when safety-stock levels, determined by the forecasting model, would utilize more than the available capital and space. The proposed model eliminates the need for acquiring excess resources at the risk of increasing the frequency and size of stock outs. A trade-off occurs between the potential for greater stock-out costs versus the costs of acquiring excess resources-borrowing additional funds or renting additional space. The goal programming model was used to set safety stocks for 15 product groups over a 46 month evaluation period for a multiproduct firm. Significant reductions in costs can be realized if the proposed model is used.
Atypical lipomas, liposarcomas, and other fat-containing sarcomas CT analysis of fat element

Abstract The radiographic appearance of fat in and around soft tissue sarcomas was evaluated to assess the diagnostic potential of this finding. Based on the distribution of fat and other components, these tumors are classified into three types
What Is Empathy, and Can Empathy Be Taught?

Empathy is a commonly used, but poorly understood, concept. It is often confused with related concepts such as sympathy, pity, identification, and self-transposal. The purposes of this article are to clearly distinguish empathy from related terms and to suggest that the act of empathizing cannot be taught. According to Edith Stein, a German phenomenologist, empathy can be facilitated. It also can be interrupted and blocked, but it cannot be forced to occur. What makes empathy unique, according to Stein, is that it happens to us; it is indirectly given to us, "nonprimordially." When empathy occurs, we find ourselves experiencing it, rather than directly causing it to happen. This is the characteristic that makes the act of empathy unteachable. Instead, promoting attitudes and behaviors such as self-awareness, nonjudgmental positive regard for others, good listening skills, and self-confidence are suggested as important in the development of clinicians who will demonstrate an empathic willingness.
Social Mobility, Status Inheritance, and Structural Constraints: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations

This paper examines the new statistical model of social mobility introduced by Hauser. The main contention of this paper is that the conception of status-specific inheritance, employed by Hauser's model and the related model of quasi-independence, ignores the fact that status inheritance is a structural concept. More specifically, these models assume, inappropriately, that the tendency toward a statusspecific inheritance can exist without the converse tendency that individuals of other statuses of origin tend to obtain that status less than expected under a fair allocation of statuses. This paper also demonstrates the need for the clarification of such concepts as inheritance, hierarchy, and rigidity of status system and for a more explicit justification of new statistical models of social mobility with reference to these fundamental conceptions. When new statistical techniques or models are introduced, it is not always clear what the hidden assumptions of those models are and whether those assumptions are compatible with the main substantive ideas to be pursued in a given research. As the model becomes more complicated and the statistics employed more esoteric, the potential disparity between the substantive ideas and the statistical model becomes less obvious and harder to identify. Recent exchanges among Hope (1981), Macdonald (1981), and Hauser (1981) concerning the new mobility ratios introduced by Hauser (1978, 1981) are clear examples of this problem. Each critic has made some valuable points and, overall, Hauser has defended his model ably by both invoking the principle of parsimony and emphasizing the indispensable role that theory and substantive *1 am grateful to Linda A. Jacobsen, Barry Markovsky, Elizabeth Mutran, David Parton, and two anonymous referees for their comments and editorial help. Miera Kim also helped in transforming what we call at home, Kimenglish, into a more commonly used English. Address correspondence to the author, Department of Sociology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. ? 1987 The University of North Carolina Press
Factors Related to Sight-Reading Accuracy: A Meta-Analysis.

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the extent of the overall relationship between previously tested variables and sight-reading. An exhaustive survey of the available research literature was conducted resulting in 92 research studies that reported correlations between sight-reading and another variable. Variables (n = 597) were grouped by construct (e.g., music aptitude, technical ability) and separate meta-analyses were conducted for each construct. Construct had a variable effect on sight-reading, with improvisational skills, ear-training ability, technical ability, and music knowledge correlating most closely with sight-reading, while attitude and personality were unrelated to sight-reading. Additionally, the study examined differences in effect size by type of publication (published study, unpublished thesis), the experience level of the sight-reader (elementary, secondary, college nonmusician, college musician), sight-reading mode (instrumental sight-reading, sight-singing), and type ...
Robustness of the Pearson Correlation against Violations of Assumptions

The purpose of this study was to determine empirically effects of the violation of assumptions of normality and of measurement scales on the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. The effects of such violations were studied separately and in combination for samples of varying size from 5 to 60. Monte Carlo procedures were used to generate populations of scores for four basic distributions: normal, positively skewed, negatively skewed, and leptokurtic. Samples of varying sizes were then randomly selected from specific populations. Results of the study were based on distributions of rs which were calculated on 5,000 sets of samples of n = 5 or n = 15 and 3,000 sets of samples of n = 30 and n = 60. Results indicated that the Pearson r is insensitive to rather extreme violations of the basic assumptions of normality and type of measurement scale. Failure to meet the basic assumptions separately or in combinations had little effect upon the obtained distributions of rs.
In-device enzyme immobilization: wafer-level fabrication of an integrated glucose sensor

Abstract Wafer-level fabrication of integrated enzyme-based BioMEMS usually requires high temperature wafer-bonding techniques such as anodic bonding. Enzymes denature at comparatively low temperatures. Thus, enzymes need to be immobilized after wafer bonding. A convenient in-device immobilization method is presented allowing wafer-level patterning of enzymes inside micro-scale flow channels after wafer bonding. Enzymes are entrapped in a poly(vinyl alcohol)-styrylpyridinium (PVA-SbQ) membrane crosslinked by UV exposure through a transparent top wafer. The reaction kinetics of immobilized glucose oxidase is investigated in more detail. A low apparent Michaelis constant of 3.0 mM is determined indicating a rapid diffusion of glucose into the PVA-SbQ membrane as well as an oxygen-limited maximum catalytic rate. The entrapped glucose oxidase preserves its native properties since it is not chemically modified. Furthermore, the active PVA-SbQ membrane can be dehydrated in a vacuum and later rehydrated in buffer solution without significant loss of enzyme activity. An integrated enzyme-based glucose sensor fabricated on a wafer-level using in-device immobilization is described to demonstrate the potential of this novel technique. The sensor is part of a disposable microneedle-based continuous glucose monitor. The stability of glucose oxidase entrapped in PVA-SbQ is sufficient to continuously operate the sensor at 25 °C for 24 h.
Predictive validity of a Rashevsky-Landahl neural net: Test of a model of masking for form*

The predictive validity of Weisstein’s (1968) Rashevsky-Landahl neural net model was tested in this series of sudies. No U-shaped masking functions were obtained with trained Ss for a recognition task. The implications of this failure to verify the predictions of Weisstein’s model for the whole monotonie vs nonmonotonic masking controversy is discussed. Possible reasons for the predictive failure are also discussed.
A spectrophotometric method for the quantitation of diesel exhaust particles in guinea pig lung

Particulate material in diesel engine exhaust deposits in the lungs of exposed animals. A technique for measuring the amount of soot in the lungs would be useful for determining the rates of the deposition and clearance of the submicron particles. The paper describes the use of light extinction for quantitating diesel particles in aqueous suspension. Particles collected by electrostatic precipitation and finely suspended in 0.01 N NaOH by sonication strongly absorb visible light. The extinction of light at 750 nm is proportional to the mass concentration of particles, with an extinction coefficient of 28 +/- 1 cm2 mg-1. Lungs from guinea pigs exposed to dilute diesel exhaust were dried and digested in potassium hydroxide and ethanol. The insoluble particles were centrifuged and resuspended in water by sonication. The optical density of the suspension was compared to that of suspensions made from lungs of animals not exposed to diesel exhaust, with or without known amounts of particulate added at the beginning of digestion. A concentration-dependent increase in the total amount of particles per lung was found for guinea pigs exposed to 0, 269, 813 and 1530 micrograms m-3 diesel particles for 6 months.
Becoming a Law Professor: A Candidate's Guide

This is the Table of Contents and the Introduction to a forthcoming book from the American Bar Association. The authors provide detailed advice and resources for aspiring law professors, including a description of the categories of law faculty (and what they do), possible paths to careers in the legal academy, and "how to" guides for filling out the AALS's Faculty Appointments Register, interviewing at the Faculty Recruitment Conference (the "meat market"), issues for non-traditional candidates, dealing with callbacks and job offers, and getting ready for the first semester on the job.
A novel approach to microcalcification detection using fuzzy logic technique

Breast cancer continues to be a significant public health problem in the United States. Approximately, 182,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed and 46,000 women die of breast cancer each year. Even more disturbing is the fact that one out of eight women in the United States will develop breast cancer at some point during her lifetime. Since the cause of breast cancer remains unknown, primary prevention becomes impossible. Computer-aided mammography is an important and challenging task in automated diagnosis. It has great potential over traditional interpretation of film-screen mammography in terms of efficiency and accuracy. Microcalcifications are the earliest sign of breast carcinomas and their detection is one of the key issues for breast cancer control. In this study, a novel approach to microcalcification detection based on fuzzy logic technique is presented. Microcalcifications are first enhanced based on their brightness and nonuniformity. Then, the irrelevant breast structures are excluded by a curve detector. Finally, microcalcifications are located using an iterative threshold selection method. The shapes of microcalcifications are reconstructed and the isolated pixels are removed by employing the mathematical morphology technique. The essential idea of the proposed approach is to apply a fuzzified image of a mammogram to locate the suspicious regions and to interact the fuzzified image with the original image to preserve fidelity. The major advantage of the proposed method is its ability to detect microcalcifications even in very dense breast mammograms. A series of clinical mammograms are employed to test the proposed algorithm and the performance is evaluated by the free-response receiver operating characteristic curve. The experiments aptly show that the microcalcifications can be accurately detected even in very dense mammograms using the proposed approach.
Producing Fluorescent Marks on Atlantic Salmon Fin Rays and Scales with Calcein via Osmotic Induction

Abstract Calcified tissues of Atlantic salmon in both larval and postscale developmental life stages became labeled with the fluorochrome dye known as calcein in 7 min by sequential immersion in salt and calcein solutions. I introduce the term “osmotic induction” to describe this process. At 47 d posttreatment, fish that had been exposed to osmotic induction of calcein as nonfeeding larvae exhibited mortality and growth equivalent to that of nonexposed fish (P < 0.05). Atlantic salmon parr (at 5 months posthatch) exposed to osmotic induction of calcein exhibited no mortality during a 120-d posttreatment period. In addition to inducing a calcein mark on fin rays of all larvae and parr, the procedure also produced a distinct calcein mark on scales of parr. A second exposure of parr to osmotic induction 90 d after the first produced a conspicuous 2-band pattern on scales which corresponded to the two separate marking events. Calcein marks are invisible to the unaided eye but were observed without sacrificing...
Cognitive strategy: a research perspective for systems design

The purpose of this empirical study was to examine one of the aspects of cognitive processes, namely, cognitive strategies, for multiple-criteria decisions. The results indicate that there are differences in performance, efficiency, and confidence due to the moderating effects of cognitive strategy, particularly when that strategy is interfered with. Attempts to accommodate decision-makers' cognitive styles may have been unsuccessful because the research focus was too broad. The characteristic processing strategies that individuals display in multicriteria decision-making may, to some extent, be a function of more general limitations in their information processing capabilities. With an understanding of the impacts of cognitive strategies and the relationship linking general and specific influences on information processing, information and decision support systems can be designed that better conform to or accommodate decision makers' dominant cognitive processes. >
Right destination, wrong path.

(2008). Right Destination, Wrong Path. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 77, No. 3, pp. 883-890.
Dobutamine echocardiography and resting-redistribution thallium-201 scintigraphy predicts recovery of hibernating myocardium after coronary revascularization

Abstract The value of dobutamine echocardiography and resting thallium-2-1 scintigraphy to predict reversal of regional left ventricular wall motion dysfunction after revascularization in patients with chronic coronary artery disease was assessed. Improvement in wall motion during dobutamine echocardiography and normal or mildly decreased uptake on thallium-201 scanning are strong predictors of reversible left ventricular dysfunction. Dobutamine echocardiography and resting thallium-201 scanning are simple and safe methods of assessing hibernating myocardium.
Plasma viscosity with mass transport in spherical inertial confinement fusion implosion simulations

The effects of viscosity and small-scale atomic-level mixing on plasmas in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) currently represent challenges in ICF research. Many current ICF hydrodynamic codes ignore the effects of viscosity though recent research indicates viscosity and mixing by classical transport processes may have a substantial impact on implosion dynamics. We have implemented a Lagrangian hydrodynamic code in one-dimensional spherical geometry with plasma viscosity and mass transport and including a three temperature model for ions, electrons, and radiation treated in a gray radiation diffusion approximation. The code is used to study ICF implosion differences with and without plasma viscosity and to determine the impacts of viscosity on temperature histories and neutron yield. It was found that plasma viscosity has substantial impacts on ICF shock dynamics characterized by shock burn timing, maximum burn temperatures, convergence ratio, and time history of neutron production rates. Plasma viscosity reduces the need for artificial viscosity to maintain numerical stability in the Lagrangian formulation and also modifies the flux-limiting needed for electron thermal conduction.
Jane Means Appleton Pierce: U.S. First Lady (1853–1857): Her Family, Life, and Times. By Ann Covell. (Lanham, MD: Hamilton Books, 2013. Pp. xiii, 132. $28.99.)

When she is considered at all, Jane Pierce—the First Lady of President Franklin Pierce—is regarded as a minor character, psychologically troubled to the point of mental instability and certainly a ...
Factors Affecting Climate Sensitivity in Global Coupled Models

Abstract Four global coupled climate models with different combinations of atmosphere, ocean, land surface, and sea ice components are compared in idealized forcing (1% CO2 increase) experiments. The four models are the Climate System Model (CSM), the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), the PCM/CSM Transition Model (PCTM), and the Community Climate System Model (CCSM). The hypothesis is posed that models with similar atmospheric model components should show a similar globally averaged dynamically coupled response to increasing CO2 in spite of different ocean, sea ice, and land formulations. Conversely, models with different atmospheric components should be most different in terms of the coupled globally averaged response. The two models with the same atmosphere and sea ice but different ocean components (PCM and PCTM) have the most similar response to increasing CO2, followed closely by CSM with comparable atmosphere and different ocean and sea ice from either PCM or PCTM. The fourth model, CCSM, has a differen...
Form and Substance

In legal writing, form is substance. If a writer is sloppy about matters like grammar and spelling and citation form, readers will assume the writer is equally sloppy in legal research and analysis. Even worse, readers may find the prose so difficult to read that they simply stop trying. This essay presents four tips to help avoid embarrassing prose. First, use proper case citations, custom-tailored to the local jurisdiction. Second, check spelling, and don't rely on Spellcheck. Third, use impeccable grammar. Fourth, proofread everything.
Modeling Lane Preferences in Agent-Based Multi-Lane Highway Simulation

Simulation of highway driving was traditionally the domain of virtual physics based models. Yet, traffic simulation is incomplete without considering the drivers’ conscious strategic and tactical behavior. These aspects can be naturally simulated through an agent-based driver model. In this paper, we describe a model of the strategic lane preferences of the drivers, with a special attention to the optimal lane positioning for a safe exit. Our experiments show that the simulated traffic of Orlando’s Highway 408 matches well with the real world traffic data. The increased simulation detail can be applied to crash prediction and the control of intelligent transportation system devices, such as variable speed limits.
Pharmacological Enhancement of Human Sexual Behavior

The evidence concerning pharmacological enhancement of sexual function in the human is reviewed. Although there is evidence of enhancement of erectile function with dopaminergic drugs and opioid blockers, most of the available evidence concerns the use of α2-adrenergic antagonists.
CRT-200.67 Gender Disparities in the Vanderbilt Stemi Network: Insights From a Five Year Experience (2009-2014)

Gender disparities have been observed in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with women experiencing lengthier reperfusion times. There is limited data about persistence of these discrepancies in the current era in a real world setting. A retrospective analysis of our institutional
The absorption of cationic surfactants by cellulosic materials: I. The uptake of cation and anion by a variety of substrates☆☆☆

Abstract The interaction between cationic surfactants and cellulosic fibers has been studied. Most of the work involves cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and four substrates: kiered cotton, a medium-high-tenacity viscose rayon, a viscose rayon monofil, and oxycellulose. Absorption isotherms for the cation and anion of the surfactant were measured and some attention was given to rates of absorption and to the effects of temperature, added electrolyte, and solubilized dyes. Two major absorption processes occur in the concentration range studied: cation exchange and ion-pair absorption. The cation exchange is dependent on the exchange capacity of the substrate. The ion-pair absorption begins to become important in the vicinity of the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant and also seems to depend on the cation-exchange capacity of the substrate. If the ion-pair absorption is assumed to consist of a clustering of ions on exchanged long-chain cations, the results for all but very high ionic strengths can be explained. In the presence of large amounts of added electrolyte an additional ion-pair absorption seems to occur.
Maize mutants : Resources for research

Abundance of variation in maize was an im- portant factor that made it a model system to study the principles of inheritance. Additional variation was subse- quently created by mutagenesis. Most of these mutants have been donated to the Maize Genetics Cooperation • Stock Center, where they have become a resource shared by the maize research community. Recent large-scale mu- tagenesis projects have developed resources that are being used to identify new mutants using forward and reverse genetics approaches. These mutants are giving us a basic understanding of maize biology and are useful resources in applied approaches to improve maize as a crop plant.
The Case for Using the General Linear Model as a Unifying Conceptual Framework for Teaching Statistics and Psychometric Theory

The present paper argues for teaching statistics and psychometric theory using the GLM as a unifying conceptual framework. This helps students understand what analyses have in common, and also provides a firm grounding for understanding that more general cases of the GLM (canonical correlation analysis and SEM) can be interpreted with the same rubric used throughout the GLM. And this approach also helps students better understand analyses that are not part of the GLM, such as predictive discriminant analysis (PDA). The approach helps students understand that all GLM analyses (a) are correlational, and thus are all susceptible to sampling error, (b) can yield r2-type effect sizes, and (c) use weights applied to measured variables to estimate the latent variables really of primary interest. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v6i2_thompson
Spatial computation of intratumoral T cells correlates with survival of patients with pancreatic cancer

The exact nature and dynamics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) immune composition remains largely unknown. Desmoplasia is suggested to polarize PDAC immunity. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of the composition and distribution of desmoplastic elements and T-cell infiltration is necessary to delineate their roles. Here we develop a novel computational imaging technology for the simultaneous evaluation of eight distinct markers, allowing for spatial analysis of distinct populations within the same section. We report a heterogeneous population of infiltrating T lymphocytes. Spatial distribution of cytotoxic T cells in proximity to cancer cells correlates with increased overall patient survival. Collagen-I and αSMA+ fibroblasts do not correlate with paucity in T-cell accumulation, suggesting that PDAC desmoplasia may not be a simple physical barrier. Further exploration of this technology may improve our understanding of how specific stromal composition could impact T-cell activity, with potential impact on the optimization of immune-modulatory therapies.
TCA Cycle Models: Implications for Tracer Estimates of Gluconeogenesis

Abstract A fundamental lueasurement in the assessment of the metabolic status of man and experimental animal is the rate of gluconeogenesis. Yet, reliable methods for measaring this important indicator are not available. A common experimental procedure is to expose gluconeogenic tissue to a labeled carbon molecule that is metabolized to glucose (acetate or pyruvate, for example) and measure the rate of appearance of labeled carbon in glucose. This method requires a correction factor for isotope dilution as the labeled carbon intersects with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle en route to glucose. Correction for isotope dilution in this instance requires a modeling approach to evaluate quantitatively the intersection of the two pathways. An important feature of TCA cycle models in current use for estimating isotope dilution is the assumption that no carbon enters the TCA cycle except the gluconeogenic flux from pyruvate to oxaloacetate and the flux of acetyl CoA to citrate that resupplies two carbon units to the cycle. We have evaluated the impact of additional fluxes exchanging carbon with TCA cycle pools in the pathway between citrate and oxaloacetate (example, exchange of glutamate with 2-oxyglutarate). Our major findings are: (1) Estimates of the flux of pyruvate to oxaloacetate (y) derived from the glucose labeling ratio are affected by this assumption. Thus, values of y obtained from the classic model are incorrect if additional exchange of carbon occurs. (2). Estimates of gluconeogenesis from tracer pyruvate are strongly dependent on this assumption that carbon enters the TCA cycle only from pyruvate and acetyl CoA. (3). Estimates of glucoeogenesis from carbon tracers yielding labeled acetyl CoA are not affected by this assumption and no error is introduced due to additional fluxes into and out of the TCA cycle. This work illustrates the value of algebraic models of the TCA cycle and related pathways as an aid in developing improved practical tracer methods for estimating gluconeogenesis.
Parallel Three-Dimensional Tracking of Quantum Rods Using Polarization-Sensitive Spectroscopic Photon Localization Microscopy

Semiconductor nanocrystals and their variants are widely used in biological research as fluorescent probes. Their unique characteristics, such as intense brightness, tunable emission properties, and resistance to photobleaching, make them ideal candidates for single-molecule imaging and tracking with localization precision far beyond the diffraction limit. Their fluorescence polarization states and emission spectra can be further utilized to probe changes in their mechanical properties and residing nanoenvironments. We developed a three-dimensional (3D), polarization-sensitive, spectroscopic photon localization microscopy (3D-Polar-SPLM) that enables parallel 3D tracking of individual quantum rods (QRs) while simultaneously capturing their fluorescence spectra and polarization states. Using 3D-Polar-SPLM, we spatially localized individual QRs with a lateral localization precision of 8 nm and an axial localization precision of 35 nm. In addition, we achieved a spectral resolution of 2 nm and a polarization...
Does Role Balance Influence the Effect of Personality on College Success? A Mediation Model:

While the relationship between individual factors, including personality dimensions, and tertiary academic outcomes is well established, the mechanisms by which these factors influence academic success have been less fully explored. This study tested one potential mechanism, the developmental task of role balance, by which personality may influence college success. During emerging adulthood, young people simultaneously explore and establish both individual and relational role identities. As part of this process, these emerging adults work to balance their individual roles with their relational roles in order to maximize success and satisfaction across domains. Using a college student sample (N = 299), this study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test role balance as a mediator between personality dimensions and multiple indicators of college success. Tests indicated that role balance partially mediates the relationship between conscientiousness and neuroticism and college satisfaction but is not ...
Hematological Changes with Aging

Older patients have a lower baseline hemoglobin and less physiologic reserve to synthesize new blood cells after injury. Older patients have a slightly hypercoagulable state following injury. Older patients may be receiving anticoagulant therapy. Clinicians should be very aware of each medication’s mechanism of action and most efficient reversal strategy.
Designer perceptions of user agency during the development of environmental risk visualization tools

This paper presents initial results of an interview study of designers or developers of interactive tools for visualizing environmental risks (e.g., maps of coastal flooding). It focuses on visualization development as a space in which users can exercise agency via user-centered design practices, thus enhancing user agency during the ultimate context of use. I describe commonalities of user inclusion in the development process, and trends in designer perceptions of the role of users in development. I focus on: 1) how and why environmental risk visualization tool development projects involve users, 2) how and to what extent user participation in design/development helps co-define the design of the visualization tool, and 3) how the literature on user agency may contribute to design practices tailored toward the ultimate context of use of risk visualization tools.
Studies of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), a glycoprotein hormone produced by the placenta that appears in significant quantities in the urine during the first trimester of pregnancy. The mean level of urinary HCG produced during the first trimester is 30,000–50,000 IU in 24 hours, equivalent to a maximum of approximately 3 mg of hormone. The high proline content is of particular interest because proline is an uncommon amino acid in most proteins and only collagen appears to have a higher content than HCG. Equilibrium sedimentation studies of reduced, alkylated HCG in the ultracentrifuge indicated that the molecular weight value had fallen to approximately one-half of that of the native hormone. Interchange of the HCG subunits with other molecules might lead to the appearance of different substances possessing other biological activities. Another possibility is that the pooled urinary material from which the HCG was purified was contaminated with a significant quantity of postmenopausal urine.