cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A mixed FDTD-integral equation approach for on-site safety assessment in complex electromagnetic environments

A mixed finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)-integral equation approach for the evaluation of the power deposition in the human body model immersed in a complex electromagnetic environment is proposed. The advantage of the proposed approach is that safety assessment for exposure to generic sources may be performed on-site, in a few minutes, with high accuracy and without the need of a high-power workstation. The method uses previously stored FDTD-computed impulse responses (Green's functions) of the human body model by integrating them with the complex incident electromagnetic field distribution that can be measured on site. The application of this method to the dosimetry of cellular telephone base station antennas is presented to show its versatility and ease of use.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation for Twelve Weeks Increases Lean Body Mass in Obese Humans

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) alters body composition in animal models, but few studies have examined the effects of CLA supplementation on body composition and clinical safety measures in obese humans. In the present study, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine the changes in body composition and clinical laboratory values following CLA (50:50 ratio of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers) supplementation for 12 wk in otherwise healthy obese humans. Forty-eight participants (13 males and 35 females) were randomized to receive placebo (8 g safflower oil/d), 3.2 g/d CLA, or 6.4 g/d CLA for 12 wk. Changes in body fat mass and lean body mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Resting energy expenditure was assessed by indirect calorimetry. Clinical laboratory values and adverse-event reporting were used to monitor safety. Lean body mass increased by 0.64 kg in the 6.4 g/d CLA group (P < 0.05) after 12 wk of intervention. Significant decreases in serum HDL-cholesterol and sodium, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, and significant increases in serum alkaline phosphatase, C-reactive protein, and IL-6, and white blood cells occurred in the 6.4 g/d CLA group, although all values remained within normal limits. The intervention was well tolerated and no severe adverse events were reported, although mild gastrointestinal adverse events were reported in all treatment groups. In conclusion, whereas CLA may increase lean body mass in obese humans, it may also increase markers of inflammation in the short term.
Mental multiplication and working memory

This paper is concerned with the role of working memory resources in mental multiplication. In two experiments a dual-task paradigm was used. In the first experiment neutral tapping was contrasted to three modalityspecific secondary tasks: Irrelevant speech and articulatory suppression were used to disrupt the phonological loop and a visuo-spatial tapping was used to disrupt the visuo-spatial sketchpad. Multiplication sums needed to be solved mentally and results needed to be spoken aloud. Sums varied in difficulty (easy, e.g., 3 x 4 =, difficult, e.g., 8 x 17 =). Results from the first experiment revealed declines in performance on difficult sums under articulatory suppression but no interference effect for easy sums. To investigate the role of central executive processes, a second experiment extended the range of interference conditions to a central executive interference task (random letter generation). Now articulatory suppression and random generation caused a decrease of performance on difficult sum...
Generalized FDTD-ADI: an unconditionally stable full-wave Maxwell's equations solver for VLSI interconnect modeling

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method of solving the full-wave Maxwell's equations has been recently extended to provide accurate and numerically stable operation for time steps exceeding the Courant limit. The elimination of an upper bound on the size of the time step was achieved using an alternating-implicit direction (ADI) time-stepping scheme. This greatly increases the computational efficiency of the FDTD method for classes of problems where the cell size of the three-dimensional space lattice is constrained to be much smaller than the shortest wavelength in the source spectrum. One such class of problems is the analysis of high-speed VLSI interconnects where full-wave methods are often needed for the accurate analysis of parasitic electromagnetic wave phenomena. In this paper, we present an enhanced FDTD-ADI formulation which permits the modeling of realistic lossy materials such as semiconductor substrates and metal conductors as well as artificial lossy materials needed for perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary conditions. Simulations using our generalized FDTD-ADI formulation are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and extent to which the computational burden is reduced by the ADI scheme.
Torsion Theory of l -Groups

This will undoubtedly turn out as a very biased survey of the subject of torsion classes of l-groups, not accidentally tilted in the direction of questions having to do with extensions of one l-group by another. It is by no means intended to be a complete treatment. Rather, we will incorporate here the central ideas together with a generous list of examples. The chapter will close with some very recent contributions. Almost all proofs will be omitted; nearly all the principal results appear in [Martinez, 1975a; 1980], and [Holland and Martinez, 1979]. The new ones take off on the concept of split subgroups, appearing in [Martinez, a].
Enhanced In Situ Detection of β-Glucuronidase Activity in Murine Tissue:

SUMMARY We outline here a protocol for high-resolution in situ localization of b -glucuronidase in murine tissues processed in glycol methacrylate (GMA). Murine tissues were first stained with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl- b - D -glucuronic acid (x-gluc), followed by histological processing in GMA. Retention of the blue indigo reaction product after overnight incubations in x-gluc allowed high-resolution localization of b -glucuronidase activity by brightfield microscopy. When illuminated under darkfield, the x-gluc signal was enhanced, permitting detection even in cells with low-level enzyme activity. This technique offers for the first time a more sensitive enzyme histochemical method of detecting b -glucuronidase activity in animal tissues and also the opportunity to examine expression at high magnification. (J Histochem Cytochem 47:965‐968, 1999) b - GLUCURONIDASE is an acid hydrolase expressed at
Risk Index in Uncertain Random Risk Analysis

In many systems, randomness and uncertainty are present simultaneously. Uncertain random variables provide a tool to deal with these inexact phenomena. This paper proposes a concept of risk index to quantify the risk of an uncertain random system. In addition, a risk index theorem is proved in order to calculate the risk index, and is applied to series systems, parallel systems and standby systems. Finally, a concept of expected loss is suggested for an uncertain random system.
Meniscal Transplantation in Symptomatic Patients Under Fifty Years of Age: Survivorship Analysis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the long-term results and survivorship of meniscal transplantation in a consecutive series of patients. Methods: Forty cryopreserved menisci were implanted into thirty-eight patients. Survival end points were transplant removal, revision, or tibiofemoral compartment pain with daily activities. A worst-case scenario was also calculated for patients who did not have symptoms related to the transplant; in this scenario, additional end points were grade-3 signal intensity, extrusion (>50% of meniscal width), or tear on magnetic resonance imaging; signs of meniscal tear on examination; or radiographic loss of joint space. The Cincinnati Knee and International Knee Documentation Committee rating systems were used. Results: All patients were followed for a mean postoperative time of eleven years. The estimated probabilities of transplant survival were 88% at five years, 63% at ten years, and 40% at fifteen years. Worst-case survival rate estimates were 73% at five years, 68% at seven years, 48% at ten years, and 15% at fifteen years. The mean time to failure was 8.2 years for medial transplants and 7.6 years for lateral transplants. The functional analysis detected significant improvements for pain, swelling, the patient’s perception of the knee condition, walking, stair-climbing, and squatting (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The survivorship analysis showed that, at ten years, 63% had not required subsequent surgery and were asymptomatic with daily activities. However, this percentage decreased to 40% at fifteen years. Although the data indicated that the majority of cryopreserved meniscal transplants may fail in the long term, the resolution of symptoms and improvement in function for several years justifies the procedure in young patients who are symptomatic after meniscectomy. Patients should be advised that the procedure is not curative in the long term and additional surgery will most likely be required. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
3D image geo-registration using vision-based modeling

Image geo-registration is the process of relating a photograph and its pose to referenced world coordinates. The application is relevant, especially to the social networking, photo-sharing, and intelligence communities, where the locations of objects of interest are to be determined. This paper proposes an algorithm that identifies and geo-registers query photographs in the absence of any meta-data that are spatially co-located with training sets of user-collected images. Training images construct a 3D model using inherent structure from motion between images. Using SIFT features, the 3D model fuses co-located points and generates an averaged SIFT comparison feature. This paper also advises on training set augmentation to mitigate deleterious illumination, seasonal, and weather effects by introducing methods of merging separate point clouds. As such, probability of detection (and therefore, registration performance) is enhanced. After the 3D model is generated, each test photograph is matched to the 3D point cloud and registered using similar camera refinement and positional optimization techniques. The results provide accuracy to within a few meters of the absolute geo-coordinates.
TAK1 is an essential regulator of BMP signalling in cartilage

TGFβ activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the MAPKKK family, controls diverse functions ranging from innate and adaptive immune system activation to vascular development and apoptosis. To analyse the in vivo function of TAK1 in cartilage, we generated mice with a conditional deletion of Tak1 driven by the collagen 2 promoter. Tak1col2 mice displayed severe chondrodysplasia with runting, impaired formation of secondary centres of ossification, and joint abnormalities including elbow dislocation and tarsal fusion. This phenotype resembled that of bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR)1 and Gdf5-deficient mice. BMPR signalling was markedly impaired in TAK1-deficient chondrocytes as evidenced by reduced expression of known BMP target genes as well as reduced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38/Jnk/Erk MAP kinases. TAK1 mediates Smad1 phosphorylation at C-terminal serine residues. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence in a mammalian system that TAK1 is required for BMP signalling and functions as an upstream activating kinase for Smad1/5/8 in addition to its known role in regulating MAP kinase pathways. Our experiments reveal an essential role for TAK1 in the morphogenesis, growth, and maintenance of cartilage.
Kinetics of the Opening and Closing of Individual Excitability-Inducing Material Channels in a Lipid Bilayer

The kinetics of the opening and closing of individual ion-conducting channels in lipid bilayers doped with small amounts of excitability-inducing material (EIM) are determined from discrete fluctuations in ionic current. The kinetics for the approach to steady-state conductance during voltage clamp are determined for lipid bilayers containing many EIM channels. The two sets of measurements are found to be consistent, verifying that the voltage-dependent conductance of the many-channel EIM system arises from the opening and closing of individual EIM channels. The opening and closing of the channels are Poisson processes. Transition rates for these processes vary exponentially with applied potential, implying that the energy difference between the open and closed states of an EIM channel is linearly proportional to the transmembrane electric field. A model incorporating the above properties of the EIM channels predicts the observed voltage dependence of ionic conductance and conductance relaxation time, which are also characteristic of natural electrically excitable membranes.
Shocks versus kinks in a discrete model of displacive phase transitions

We consider dynamics of phase boundaries in a bistable one-dimensional lattice with harmonic long-range interactions. Using Fourier transform and Wiener-Hopf technique, we construct traveling wave solutions that represent both subsonic phase boundaries (kinks) and intersonic ones (shocks). We derive the kinetic relation for kinks that provides a needed closure for the continuum theory. We show that the different structure of the roots of the dispersion relation in the case of shocks introduces an additional free parameter in these solutions, which thus do not require a kinetic relation on the macroscopic level. The case of ferromagnetic second-neighbor interactions is analyzed in detail. We show that the model parameters have a significant effect on the existence, structure, and stability of the traveling waves, as well as their behavior near the sonic limit.
A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Immediate Care of the Cyanotic Neonate Stabilization and Preparation for Transfer to Level III Nursery

The diagnostic and therapeutic strategies described above have been presented sequentially for the sake of clarity, but in practice should be performed as quickly as possible in any infant who remains cyanotic despite receiving 100% oxygen. The practitioner must proceed with emergent stabilization of the infant with specific therapies for identified problems and nonspecific therapies for suspected problems, recognizing that the coexistence of two or more pathophysiologic entities is not uncommon. By the time of transport, the practitioner may have laid the groundwork for further diagnostic procedures and therapies by having already classified the infant into one of four primary pathophysiologic categories, as outlined in Table 4. Although congenital heart disease may be highly suspected, confirmation may not be possible without echocardiography. The practitioner, however, should not be discouraged by failure to achieve a specific etiologic diagnosis, despite careful analysis of all the information obtained from diagnostic evaluations prior to transport. Hypoxemia refractory to oxygen administration and assisted ventilation is found in many clinical conditions and results from a variety of pathophysiological disorders. The pediatrician caring for such an infant has primary responsibility for stabilization and preparation for transport of the infant to a Level III facility, and for communicating information about diagnostic procedures and therapeutic maneuvers that might facilitate extended resuscitative efforts by the neonatologist accepting responsibility for the transport and subsequent care of the infant.
The Relationship Between Returns And Unexpected Earnings: A Comparison Of Australia And The United States

This paper examines a relatively short-term market reaction to unexpected earnings in Australia and the United States (U.S.). Using data from 1987 to 1998, we test the existence of a short-term market reaction to the release of earnings in both countries. Because accounting standards, stock market characteristics and culture are similar in the two countries, we expect similar market responses to earnings releases. The results indicate that both the Australian and the U.S. markets react relatively quickly to earnings releases. We also examine the incremental explanatory power of analysts’ forecast errors over the change in earnings per share. Both the change in earnings per share and analysts’ forecast errors are expected to provide information to the market. The results from this hypothesis conform to expectations, as both pieces of information are associated with market returns in the two countries. Finally, we utilize t-tests to examine if the coefficients between Australia and the U.S. are different. If so, differences in accounting, stock markets, and/or culture alter how information is processed between the two countries. This hypothesis is not supported. In sum, the U.S. and Australian stock markets react similarly to the release of unexpected earnings.
Do neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to the heightened risk of thrombosis in inflammatory diseases

Thrombotic events, both arterial and venous, are a major health concern worldwide. Further, autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, and antiphospholipid syndrome, predispose to thrombosis, and thereby push the risk for these morbid events even higher. In recent years, neutrophils have been identified as important players in both arterial and venous thrombosis. Specifically, chromatin-based structures called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a key role in activating the coagulation cascade, recruiting platelets, and serving as scaffolding upon which the thrombus can be assembled. At the same time, neutrophils and NETs are emerging as important mediators of pathogenic inflammation in the aforementioned autoimmune diseases. Here, we first review the general role of NETs in thrombosis. We then posit that exaggerated NET release contributes to the prothrombotic diatheses of systemic lupus erythematosus, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and antiphospholipid syndrome.
Ice mass loss in Greenland, the Gulf of Alaska, and the Canadian Archipelago: Seasonal cycles and decadal trends

Over the past several decades mountain glaciers and ice caps have been significant contributors to sea level rise. Here we estimate the ice mass changes in the Canadian Archipelago, the Gulf of Alaska, and Greenland since 2003 by analyzing time-varying gravimetry data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment. Prior to 2013, interannual ice mass variability in the Gulf of Alaska and in regions around Greenland remains within the average estimated over the whole data span. Beginning in summer 2013, ice mass in regions around Greenland departs positively from its long-term trend. Over Greenland this anomaly reached almost 500 Gt through the end of 2014. Overall, long-term ice mass loss from Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago continues to accelerate, while losses around the Gulf of Alaska region continue but remain steady with no significant acceleration.
Commercial Airline Altitude Optimization Strategies for Reduced Cruise Fuel Consumption

The economic and environmental ramifications of aviation fuel burn are becoming increasingly more important for airlines, the traveling public, and society as a whole. Many methods are available for reducing fuel impacts. Airline operational adjustments are particularly appealing due to the potential for rapid implementation, significant savings, and relatively low capital expenditure requirements. One such mitigation is cruise speed and altitude optimization given a fixed lateral routing. This paper aims to establish an efficiency benefits pool for achievable systemwide cruise altitude optimization for domestic US operations. A flight-by-flight analysis is conducted using over 200,000 historical operations performed in 2012, accounting for actual winds and temperatures experienced by those flights. Various optimal altitude profiles are generated and compared to the as-flown baseline. A discussion of barriers to implementation accompanies these results. From this analysis, potential systemwide fuel burn reductions of 1.87% (cruise climb), 1.91% (1,000 ft. step climb), 1.75% (2,000 ft. step climb), and 1.96% (flexible climb/descent profiles) are shown to be possible through optimal altitude selection, holding lateral track and speed profiles constant relative to historical records. The comparative benefits of altitude and speed optimization are discussed.
A Distance Method to Reconstruct Species Trees In the Presence of Gene Flow

One of the central tasks in evolutionary biology is to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships among species from sequence data, particularly from multilocus data. In the last ten years, many methods have been proposed to use the variance in the gene histories to estimate species trees by explicitly modeling deep coalescence. However, gene flow, another process that may produce gene history variance, has been less studied. In this paper, we propose a simple yet innovative method for species trees estimation in the presence of gene flow. Our method, called STEST (Species Tree Estimation from Speciation Times), constructs species tree estimates from pairwise speciation time or species divergence time estimates. By using methods that estimate speciation times in the presence of gene flow, (for example, M1 (Yang 2010) or SIM3s (Zhu and Yang 2012)), STEST is able to estimate species trees from data subject to gene flow. We develop two methods, called STEST (M1) and STEST (SIM3s), for this purpose. Additionally, we consider the method STEST (M0), which instead uses the M0 method (Yang 2002), a coalescent-based method that does not assume gene flow, to estimate speciation times. It is therefore devised to estimate species trees in the absence of gene flow. Our simulation studies show that STEST (M0) outperforms STEST(M1), STEST (SIM3s) and STEM in terms of estimation accuracy and outperfroms *BEAST in terms of running time when the degree of gene flow is small. STEST (M1) outperforms STEST (M0), STEST (SIM3s), STEM and *BEAST in term of estimation accuracy when the degree of gene flow is large. An empirical data set analyzed by these methods gives species tree estimates that are consistent with the previous results.
Simulation of Sudden Air Pollution Accident Based on WebGIS and SLAB Model

To upgrade emergency response system for sudden air pollution accident the accidental pollution diffusion model and the visualization technology based on GIS were applied. The basic framework of SLAB model was introduced in this paper,which involved technologies of Silverlight RIA(Rich Internet Application),and WebService,as well as C# and Fortran mixed programming technology. In this way,pollution concentration simulation by SLAB model,map representation and analysis of accidental pollution accident using GIS services which provided by ArcGIS Server could be realized in client end of WebGIS. As an example,different cases of sudden release of CH4were investigated to illustrate the application of the software. The concentration change over time and coverage areas for different concentrations of CH4were analyzed for different types of release source,and the areas related to casualty caused by the accident were visualized in the map. Thus the technologies and the software developed serve as an emergency decision-making tool for environment and safety departments in charge of emergency response.
Quantum hyper-entanglement and angular spectrum decomposition applied to sensors

Hyper-entanglement with an emphasis on mode type is used to extend a previously developed atmospheric imaging system. Angular spectrum expansions combined with second quantization formalism permits many different mode types to be considered using a common formalism. Fundamental Gaussian, standard Hermite-Gaussian, standard Laguerre- Gaussian, and Bessel modes are developed. Hyper-entanglement refers to entanglement in more than one degree of freedom, e.g. polarization, energy-time and orbital angular momentum. The system functions at optical or infrared frequencies. Only the signal photon propagates in the atmosphere, the ancilla photon is retained within the detector. This results in loss being essentially classical, giving rise to stronger forms of entanglement. A simple atomic physics based model of the scattering target is developed. This model permits the derivation in closed form of the loss coefficient for photons with a given mode type scattering from the target. Signal loss models for propagation, transmission, detection, and scattering are developed and applied. The probability of detection of photonic orbital angular momentum is considered in terms of random media theory. A model of generation and detection efficiencies for the different degrees of freedom is also considered. The implications of loss mechanisms for signal to noise ratio (SNR), and other quantum information theoretic quantities are discussed. Techniques for further enhancing the system’s SNR and resolution through adaptive optics are examined. The formalism permits random noise and entangled or nonentangled sources of interference to be modeled.
Shooting to Kill Headshots, Twitch Reflexes, and the Mechropolitics of Video Games

The headshot burst into the cultural imaginary with the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, and it has been remediated from historical anxieties about execution and brain death to the eye-pop...
Gonococcal Conjunctivitis: A Case Report of an Unusual Mode of Transmission.

Abstract Background Outside of the newborn period, development of gonococcal conjunctivitis is rare and predominantly occurs through autoinoculation. We report an unusual case of gonococcal conjunctivitis in a young woman exposed through direct inoculation. Case A 19-year-old woman presented with purulent ocular discharge, severe pain, and decreased vision unresponsive to topical antibiotics or ganciclovir approximately 3 weeks after accidental ocular exposure to seminal fluid during unprotected oral sex. Cultured ocular drainage grew Neisseria gonorrhea ; vaginal and throat cultures were negative. She was successfully treated with ceftriaxone and doxycycline for 10 days. Summary and Conclusion Clinicians should be aware of the potential for vision-threatening gonococcal conjunctivitis from exposure during sexual contact.
Family- and community-related determinants of intimate partner violence among Mexican and Puerto Rican origin mothers in fragile families☆

Abstract Hispanics are frequently categorized under one homogeneous group in existing intimate partner violence research, presenting a challenge for practitioners and researchers interested in assessing potentially unique public health concerns of each subgroup. Using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this study examined the family- and community-related determinants of intimate partner violence experienced by mothers of Mexican and Puerto Rican descent. The respondents' self-reported physical violence and power control are two key measures of IPV. Our study found statistical differences between the Mexican and Puerto Rican origin respondents' experiences with IPV. Specifically, father infidelity and parenting concordance functioned as risk and protective factors, respectively, for the Mexican origin mothers' experiences of relational violence. In the case of the Puerto Rican origin respondents, higher level of spousal support, collective efficacy, and social disorganization were linked to less violence, while increased emotional distance and higher level of baseline education were associated with more violence.
Medicaid, managed care and optometry: a review

Significant changes are restructuring the U.S. health care delivery system. National health reform is now extending itself into the public sector. Increased health and medical costs by federal and state governments are forcing a reevaluation of major entitlement programs, especially Medicaid. Because Medicaid is the single largest item in many state budgets, states are now enrolling Medicaid patients into managed and coordinated care arrangements as a means to control costs and increase access to care. HM0s are not only competing for private patients but also actively seeking the Medicaid population. Nationally, almost one-fourth of all Medicaid patients are now enrolled in managed care plans. Various models and approaches have been developed by individual states. Because managed care enrollment the Medicaid program has increased substantially in recent years, selected services including vision care are no longer rendered by any practitioner willing to accept Medicaid fees. Freedom of choice is now restricted to pre-selected and panel practitioners participating with the managed care program. The rules, regulations, billing procedures, fees, and program requisites will differ under managed care programs. Private optometric practitioners must consider entering economic and organizational relationships and linkages that make them attractive to managed care organizations. Medicaid, managed care, health care reform, optometric services, mandatory enrollment, freedom of choice
The effectiveness of case management interventions for patients suffering from substance use disorders

Introduction Substance use disorder (SUD) is a growing health problem which needs a very complex range of care due to the chronic and relapsing nature of the disorder and the multiple psychosocial problems involved. There are often difficulties in current outpatient programs to deliver and coordinate ongoing care and access to different health care providers. To improve treatment outcomes various case management (CM) models have been developed, at first in other psychiatric domains but also for patients with SUD. Aims The aim was to assess the effectiveness of CM for patients with SUD using existing studies. Methods Systematic review of CM interventions for patients with SUD by analyzing randomized controlled studies on this matter found on the electronic database PubMed published between 1996 and 2016. Results and conclusions Most of the analyzed studies showed improvement on the chosen outcome measures, although, these varied in the different studies. Mainly the treatment adherence improved, but substance use only reduced in a third of the studies. Overall functioning improved in about half of the studies. Further, studies are necessary to determine inclusion criteria for CM treatment for patients suffering from SUD in order to orientate patients most likely to benefit from this approach to the specific CM programs. There are still only few studies on this intervention and SUD. Further, studies are needed to examine the effect of treatment intensity of the CM intervention. Also longitudinal studies are needed to ensure the effectiveness of these treatments.
Social Control and Free Inquiry: Consequences of Foucault for the Pursuit of Knowledge in Higher Education

Key ideas in the work of Michel Foucault are explored and applied to the organized pursuit of knowledge in higher education. His association of power and knowledge accounts for deeply rooted practi...
Uncemented vs Cemented Cruciate Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Body Mass Index Greater Than 30

Abstract Background Aseptic loosening of cemented and uncemented tibial components continues to be a source of implant failure after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the obese population. There is limited literature reviewing uncemented cruciate retaining (CR) components in the obese population. Methods A clinical and radiographic review was performed on 325 patients who underwent a cemented or uncemented TKA with a CR knee prosthesis and body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 between January 2010 and June 2013. Charts were reviewed for the incidence of revision due to aseptic loosening of the tibial baseplate, revision for any reason, incidence of radiolucent lines around the tibial baseplate, range of motion, and patient reported outcomes. Results There was no statistically significant difference between groups in survivorship for aseptic loosening of the tibial component (99.4% uncemented, 99.3% cemented, P = .94) and overall survivorship (98.1% uncemented, 98.3% cemented, P = .90). The Lower Extremity Activity Scale and Forgotten Joint Score-12 clinical outcome measures were similar between groups (10.2 ± 3.7 vs 9.7 ± 3.4 and 66.1 ± 28.2 vs 64.9 ± 24.3, P = .33, P = .78, respectively). Postoperative knee flexion was similar between groups (114.6 ± 9.3 vs 114.1 ± 9.3, P = .67). Conclusion Our study demonstrated similar survivorship of this CR design for aseptic loosening of the tibial baseplate and overall revision rates in obese patients undergoing either an uncemented or cemented TKA. The uncemented and cemented groups had comparable clinical and radiographic short to mid-term outcomes when implanted in good alignment when treating end-stage knee osteoarthritis.
Developments in accounting regulation: A synthesis and annotated bibliography of evidence and commentary in the 2016 academic literature

ABSTRACT In this paper key regulation-related findings and commentaries in the 2016 academic literature are synthesized in annotated form. This paper is one in a series of previously published annotated bibliographies published in this journal. Papers published in academic outlets including The Accounting Review, Journal of Accounting Research, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Contemporary Accounting Research, Accounting Horizons, The Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Journal of Business, Finance & Accounting, The Journal of Financial Reporting, Auditing A Journal of Practice and Theory, and Research in Accounting Regulation were reviewed for potential inclusion. The 2016 literature featured strong regulation-related threads as follows: financial accounting regulation, analysis of individual pronouncements, SEC regulatory activity and its impact, international financial reporting standards, income tax reporting, and auditing.
A Case Study of International Students' Social Adjustment, Friendship Development, and Physical Activity

Previous literature has focused on international student’s social transition and monocultural and bicultural ties. Little research has explored international students’ multicultural friendship development and the role that physical activity plays in their social interaction. The current case study explored a group of international students’ friendship development and the social aspect of physical activity. Data from individual interviews (pre and post), and 5 months of participant observations was used to describe two female international students’ experiences. Results suggested international students faced both language and cultural barriers in their social interactions with American students. Engagement in physical activities served as the context where observations of peer-to-peer social behaviors happened. Researchers argued that the multicultural friendship developed and strengthened by engaging in these physical activities. This paper also discussed implications and limitations of the study as well as future recommendations.
Development and Property Rights

This chapter argues that economic development originates not from the gains from trade and specialization under a division of labor, but fundamentally from an institutional framework of property rights which permits the gains from trade and innovation emerge on a societal wide scale. It is this framework that enables the transition from small scale trading and capital accumulation to medium scale trading and capital accumulation and finally to large scale trading and capital accumulation. All of humanity was once poor; those societies that have been able to escape from poverty are those that were able to get on this development path by adopting the institutional framework of property, contract, and consent. We argue that well-defined and exchangeable private property rights yield economic growth by operating as a filter on economic behavior – the establishment of property rights embedded in the rule of law weeds out unproductive entrepreneurship and the corresponding politicized redistribution of property rights with rent-seeking and predation as its consequence, and engenders instead productive entrepreneurship, and a more efficient allocation of property rights, and with that a realization of the gains from trade and the gains from innovation. The fundamental cause of economic development, we argue, is the institution of private property, as it is this institutional framework that results in productive specialization and peaceful cooperation among diverse and disparate individuals.
Silatrane Anchors for Metal Oxide Surfaces: Optimization for Potential Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Applications.

Silatrane surface anchors are protected siloxanes that are known to bond firmly (from pH 2–11) to metal oxide electrodes under heating. However, these conditions are not always compatible with the other functionality present. A silatrane-containing porphyrin molecule and a silatrane-containing ruthenium complex have now been designed, synthesized and optimized conditions have been identified for surface binding. Two mild, room-temperature surface binding methods were explored: binding with or without an acidic pretreatment; these methods were compared to the traditional, harsher binding conditions involving strong heating. We find that a preacidified electrode gave comparable surface loadings at room temperature compared to sensitization by using the previous strong heating method. This was also true on TiO2, SnO2, and nanoITO electrodes and thus may be generalizable. The new, milder binding methods also resulted in excellent aqueous and electrochemical stability from pH 2–11. Using a water-insoluble porp...
Newer-Generation Ultrathin Strut Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Older Second-Generation Thicker Strut Drug-Eluting Stents for Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: Contemporary second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) have superior efficacy and safety in comparison with early-generation stents in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interv...
Pathogenesis of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Derived from Infection Diseases

Recent improvements in diagnostic techniques and technology have resulted in genome-based studies in lymphoma and new insights into the novel pathway regarding pathoetiology of subclinical and clinical lymphoproliferative disorders.
New Critical Exponents for Spatial and Temporal Fluctuations in Stochastic Growth Phenomena

Scale-invariant structures originating from growth processes have been found to be extremely widespread in nature.1 This observation have led to a number of careful experiments, and various growth models have been suggested to describe the fractal outcome; but why did they become fractal in the first place? To answer this question we must understand the spatio-temporal evolution. Dynamically, the interface is observed to be unstable, and the system eventually reaches a statistically stationary state where a rich ramified pattern is created. A major observation is that this state can be described by power laws — the pattern becomes scale invariant.
20-HETE in the regulation of vascular and cardiac function

20-HETE, the ω-hydroxylation product of arachidonic acid catalyzed by enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A and 4F gene families, is a bioactive lipid mediator with potent effects on the vasculature including stimulation of smooth muscle cell contractility, migration and proliferation as well as activation of endothelial cell dysfunction and inflammation. Clinical studies have shown elevated levels of plasma and urinary 20-HETE in human diseases and conditions such as hypertension, obesity and metabolic syndrome, myocardial infarction, stroke, and chronic kidney diseases. Studies of polymorphic associations also suggest an important role for 20-HETE in hypertension, stroke and myocardial infarction. Animal models of increased 20-HETE production are hypertensive and are more susceptible to cardiovascular injury. The current review summarizes recent findings that focus on the role of 20-HETE in the regulation of vascular and cardiac function and its contribution to the pathology of vascular and cardiac diseases.
Sports Participation Is an Appropriate Expectation for Recreational Athletes Undergoing Shoulder Arthroplasty

Background:Several studies have investigated sports participation in patients who undergo total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). However, there are limited data in the setting of hemiarthroplasty (HA) ...
Explainable Deep Driving by Visualizing Causal Attention

Deep neural perception and control networks are likely to be a key component of self-driving vehicles. These models need to be explainable—they should provide easy-to-interpret rationales for their behavior—so that passengers, insurance companies, law enforcement, developers etc., can understand what triggered a particular behavior. Here, we explore the use of visual explanations. These explanations take the form of real-time highlighted regions of an image that causally influence the network’s output (steering control). Our approach is two-stage. In the first stage, we use a visual attention model to train a convolutional network end-to-end from images to steering angle. The attention model highlights image regions that potentially influence the network’s output. Some of these are true influences, but some are spurious. We then apply a causal filtering step to determine which input regions actually influence the output. This produces more succinct visual explanations and more accurately exposes the network’s behavior. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model on three datasets totaling 16 h of driving. We first show that training with attention does not degrade the performance of the end-to-end network. Then we show that the network highlights interpretable features that are used by humans while driving, and causal filtering achieves a useful reduction in explanation complexity by removing features which do not significantly affect the output.
The impact of insight on post-lobectomy complications.

A library of publications evaluating the association of age with surgical morbidity from pulmonary lobectomy are available to support a surgeon’s decision to offer, or not to offer surgery to the elderly. Some investigators have demonstrated higher surgical morbidity in the elderly, and others have shown no difference in complications between younger and older patients . A number of these articles are appropriately referenced in the article by Kawaguchi et al . Most surgeons have also met the octogenarian who appears younger than their biological age in the clinic preoperatively, and whom later appear older, than their biological age in their postoperative hospital bed.
Arch Surgery and Elephant Trunk Technique and Alternatives for Second Stage

The history of aortic arch surgery began in 1932 when Blalock repaired an ascending aorta that was stabbed by an ice pick. Since then, multiple advances in neuroprotection, surgical techniques and new technologies has made aortic arch surgery a safe and repeatable operation. In this chapter, we will review modern surgical techniques for the treatment of aortic arch pathologies and alternatives for second stage repair of the descending aorta.
Patient Survival and Length of Stay Associated With Delayed Rapid Response System Activation

The objective of this study was to investigate the difference in mortality and length of stay between patients who experienced a delay in rapid response system (RRS) activation and those who did not. A retrospective comparative cohort study investigated all adult inpatient cases that experienced an RRS activation from January 1, 2017, through January 1, 2018. Cases experiencing a delay in RRS activation were compared with cases without delay. During the study period a total of 3580 RRS activations that took place and 1086 RRS activations met inclusion criteria for analysis. Delayed RRS activations occurred in 325 cases (29.8%) and nondelayed RRS activations occurred in 766 cases (70.2%). The mean age was roughly the same for both groups (60 years old) and both groups consisted of approximately 60% males. Delay in activation was significantly associated with an increase in length of hospitalization (19.9 days vs 32.4 days; P < .001) and also a higher likelihood of not surviving hospitalization (hazard ratio = 2.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.96-3.71; P < .001). This study demonstrates that delayed RRS activation occurs frequently and exposes patients to higher mortality and longer length of hospitalization.
Drag coefficient parameter estimation for aquaculture systems

The flow conditions in and around a suspended canopy, resembling those formed by aquaculture structures such as rafts cages and longlines, were modeled using an augmented version of the hydrodynamic model Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code. The model was calibrated using vertical profiles of horizontal velocities, Reynolds stresses, and turbulent kinetic energies obtained from prior laboratory flume experiments. The parameter estimation code, PEST, was used to optimize various model parameters including horizontal momentum diffusivity, vertical eddy viscosity, turbulence closure constants, and, most importantly, depth-dependent drag coefficients. An increasing average drag coefficient was observed with decreasing canopy blockage ratio, and an empirical relationship for the vertical variation of drag coefficient was developed that may be appropriate for use in full-scale models of aquaculture systems. Overall, the calibrated canopy-turbulence parameters and drag-coefficient empiricisms may yield improved predictions of alterations to hydrodynamic and nutrient-transport conditions due to various aquaculture structures. Such predictions will help develop methods to minimize environmental impacts and to increase production from aquaculture farms.
Systematic review: sacral nerve stimulation in the treatment of constipation and fecal incontinence in children with emphasis in anorectal malformation.

Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is frequently used for constipation and fecal incontinence in the adult literature. The purpose of this study is to perform a systemic review of the literature for SNS for constipation and fecal incontinence in children with emphasis in anorectal malformations. Systematic literature review was conducted to include all SNS studies in patients < 19 years of age. Studies were separated into those for (1) constipation, (2) bowel and bladder dysfunction, and (3) anorectal malformations. 28 articles were included in the review: (1) 12 constipation (269 patients) and (2) 16 bowel and bladder dysfunction (441 patients). Some studies overlapped groups, as they included some patients with anorectal malformations (4 articles and 29 patients). Constipation studies included slow transit and retention constipation and showed varying degrees of improvement. For bowel and bladder dysfunction, studies also reported varying degrees of improvement using different measures (number of bowel movements per day, transit times, and soiling improvement). There was no specific description of the results in anorectal malformation (ARM) cases and also information regarding specific ARM type, sacral ratio, or presence of tethered cord. SNS for constipation and urinary problems seems to be promising. Data are limited and heterogeneous, and SNS cannot be definitively encouraged or discouraged in patients with ARM, based on current studies. Future studies should include more objective measurements of bowel outcomes and specify outcomes related to patients with anorectal malformations including information regarding their specific malformation, sacral ratio, and presence of tethered cord. Complications’ rate is considerable high.
Mononuclear, Nonheme, High-Spin {FeNO}7/8 Complexes Supported by a Sterically Encumbered N4S-Thioether Ligand.

The synthesis of a new nonheme iron NO binding complex, [FeII(CH3CN)(N3Py2PhSEtCN)](BF4)2 (1), is reported. Complex 1, which contains two sterically encumbering phenyl substituents, exhibits a high...