cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cervical cytology in folic acid deficiency of pregnancy.

Abstract Abnormal cervical cytology was discovered among pregnant women demonstrating deficient levels of serum folate, neutrophil hypersegmentation, and megaloblastic bone marrow maturation. In a double blind evaluation, the abnormal cells were not seen on smears acquired from a control group of normal pregnant patients. Cytologic preparations obtained later in the developing deficiency state had a greater chance of showing abnormal cytology. Therefore, this cellular change precedes overt folate depletion in pregnancy by many weeks and represents another subclinical manifestation of the disease. With folic acid therapy, the observed cytologic alterations may revert to normal in a period of days. It is apparent that squamous cell alterations in vaginal smears of pregnant patients do not necessarily reflect precancerous lesions. The finding of abnormal cytology in pregnancy, while demanding conventional investigation, should suggest the possibility of associated folic acid deficiency.
Calculating risk and outcome: The society of thoracic surgeons database

Various approaches to the calculation of medical risk are reviewed, including univariate analysis, additive methods, use of Bayes' theorem by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, logistic regression, and neural networks. Strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches are evaluated. The use and importance of observed/expected ratios, the C statistic, and receiver operating curves are discussed. Specific requirements for the building of useful risk-calculation models are discussed, including the importance of the model set/test set method and the role of both numbers of patients and time frames in model building.
Optimal Policies for Multi-Echelon Inventory Problems with Batch Ordering

In many production/distribution systems, materials flow from one stage to another in fixed lot sizes. For example, a retailer orders a full truckload from a manufacturer to qualify for a quantity discount; a factory has a material handling system that moves full containers of parts from one production stage to the next. In this paper, we derive optimal policies for multi-stage serial and assembly systems where materials flow in fixed batches. The optimal policies have a simple structure, and their parameters can be easily determined. This research extends the multi-echelon inventory theory in several ways. It generalizes the Clark-Scarf model by allowing batch transfers of inventories. Rosling (1989) shows that assembly systems can be interpreted as serial systems under the assumption that there are no setup costs. We show that the series interpretation still holds when materials flow in fixed batches which satisfy a certain regularity condition. Finally, Veinott (1965) identifies an optimal policy for a single-location inventory system with batch ordering. This paper generalizes his result to multi-echelon settings.
Coupled gay men, parents, and in-laws: Intergenerational disapproval and the need for a thick skin

This exploratory study applied grounded theory methodology to examine the impacts of parental and in-law disapproval on gay men's relationships. Data were collected from an accidental sample of forty men in twenty homosexual couples using a standardized, open-ended interview. The findings suggest that partnered gay men are almost certain to face antagonism from their parents and in-laws. However, most respondents denied adverse impacts of family of origin hostility. Participants described the deployment of a variety of boundary-setting coping mechanisms to protect their relationships from intergenerational antipathy. According to the results of this research clinicians may want to prepare gay men for the family crisis that is almost sure to result when they come out to their parents. Practitioners would also be advised to assess and, if necessary, help gay male couples strengthen the intergenerational, emotional boundaries around their relationships.
On Probabilistic Data Collection in the NOTICE Architecture

NOTICE is a secure, privacy-preserving architecture for the automatic detection of traffic incidents and the dissemination of related traffic advisories. NOTICE uses belts of piezo-electric elements embedded in the highways to detect variations in the attributes of traffic flow. By using their piezo-electric elements the belts detect passing vehicles and initiate meaningful interaction with them. NOTICE learns about traffic conditions by collecting data from passing vehicles and, as a rule, this data is highly correlated. Thus, there is no need to collect data from all vehicles, especially in dense traffic, and one of the important issues we investigate in this work is probabilistic data collection where instead of collecting traffic-related data from all vehicle, the belt flips a coin and only collects data from a vehicle with some application-dependent probability p. Vehicular Networks and Traffic-related systems are just like mission-oriented sensor networks, both are time-varying systems consist of both humans and sensors that collect, communicate and coordinate to accomplish a near real-time solution or mission. The main contribution of this work is to analyze various parameters of probabilistic data collection in the NOTICE architecture and to reveal how they impact data aggregation and the time to detect traffic-related events. Extensive simulations of various traffic regimens have confirmed the accuracy of our analytical predictions.
Resource choice of social wasps: influence of presence, size and species of resident wasps

The role of visual cues provided by resident wasps on resource choice by yellowjacket and paper wasp foragers was investigated. Large spring queen yellowjackets and small early season yellowjacket foragers (Vespula germanica, Vespula maculifrons, and Vespula vidua) were extracted in hexane to remove odors and posed as though feeding at petri dish feeders bearing daisy-like flower models, equipped with microcapillary feeding tubes, and containing 1:3 honey:water solution. An array of five feeders was presented to foragers at a suburban and a woodland site in Saratoga Springs, New York. The visual cues provided by resident wasps influenced resource choice by approaching social wasp foragers. Vespula germanica, an introduced yellowjacket species that tends to dominate at rich resources, was the only wasp visiting the suburban feeders. Foragers of this species preferentially fed on feeders and flowers with posed wasps and fed most often next to large wasps. Polistes fuscatus foragers at the woodland site similarly preferred to feed on occupied feeders and flowers. Vespula maculifrons and V. consobrina preferentially visited unoccupied feeders. Individual V. maculifrons, V. consobrina and V. vidua foragers that landed on occupied feeders all preferentially visited unoccupied flowers on those feeders. Vespula vidua and V. flavopilosa foragers did not demonstrate a feeder preference based on the presence/absence of posed wasps. Vespula consobrina foragers that visited occupied feeders preferred those occupied by extracted V. maculifrons queens and workers; no other wasps showed species based landing preferences.
Promotion of Microtubule Assembly by Neurofilament-Associated Microtubule-Associated Proteins

Intact neurofilaments (NF) purified from mammalian brain and spinal cord promote the assembly of microtubules in solutions of pure phosphocellulose (PC)-purified tubulin. This assembly is temperature-dependent and is inhibited by mitotic spindle inhibitors. The ability of NF to induce microtubule formation is 20% of that of purified microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), whereas MAPs comprise less than 5% of the protein in the NF preparations. The inducing activity of NF is rapidly lost on boiling. When intact NF are incubated with PC-tubulin and then centrifuged, tubulin is sedimented together with the filaments. This association is inhibited by colchicine and podophyllotoxin and is cold-sensitive. NF purified to homogeneity under denaturing conditions and then reassembled completely lack the ability to promote the assembly of PC-tubulin or to bind tubulin on a centrifugation assay. No MAPs are present in these preparations, though these filaments have the ability to bind exogenous MAPs. While these experiments do not rule out an intrinsic microtubule-assembly-promoting activity, they suggest that this activity is due to nontriplet proteins in the preparation, most likely filament-associated MAPs.
Permeability and Infiltration of Partially Sintered Ceramics

For infiltration of a molten salt into porous zirconia (relative densities = 0.56 to 0.88), the infiltration depth was found to be a function of both infiltration time and initial compact density. The intrinsic liquid permeability of the porous Y-TZP was determined by extrapolation of gas permeability data. Permeability values, which ranged from 0.5 × 10−18 to 25 × 10−18 m2 (∼0.5 to 25 microdarcy), could be used to predict the trend in infiltration depth with compact density, though they underestimated the absolute values. The Carman-Kozeny relationship, which relates the permeability to measurable microstructural parameters, was also evaluated. There was good agreement at relative densities <0.75, but not at the higher densities, likely due to the increasing tortuosity of the flow path as pores shrink and close.
Microstrain investigation of polyethylene

The small-strain mechanical behavior of crystalline polyethylene has been studied by using a microstrain technique with strain resolution on the order of 10−6. The strain rate was varied from 10−6 to 10−4 sec.−1, and a temperature range of 17–28°C. was investigated. A strong dependence on strain rate and temperature has been observed for the following parameters which characterize the mechanical response of polyethylene in the microstrain region: the initial modulus of the stress–strain curve, the deviation in strain from ideal linear elastic behavior at a given stress amplitude, and the energy dissipated in a deformation cycle. The Young's moduli that were observed by means of tensile tests in the microstrain region were only about 20% lower than the values reported in other investigations at kilocycle and megacycle frequencies. The experimental method made it possible to isolate a deformation process which was attributed to a crystallographic shear mechanism corresponding to a yield point of 27 psi. This shear mechanism is discussed in terms of the various shear processes, such as slip, twinning, and the orthorhombic–monoclinic phase change.
Nutrient-Replete Benthic Microalgae as a Source of Dissolved Organic Carbon to Coastal Waters

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) flux dynamics were examined in the context of other biogeochemical cycles in intertidal sediments inhabited by benthic microalgae. In August 2003, gross oxygenic photosynthetic (GOP) rates, oxygen penetration depths, and benthic flux rates were quantified at seven sites along the Duplin River, GA, USA. Sediments contained abundant benthic microalgal (BMA) biomass with a maximum chlorophyll a concentration of 201 mg chl a m−2. Oxygen microelectrodes were used to determine GOP rates and O2 penetration depth, which were tightly correlated with light intensity. Baseline and 15N-nitrate amended benthic flux core incubations were employed to quantify benthic fluxes and to investigate the impact of BMA on sediment water exchange under nitrogen (N)-limited and N-replete conditions. Unamended sediments exhibited tight coupling between GOP and respiration and served as a sink for water column dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and a source of silicate and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The BMA response to the N addition indicated sequential nutrient limitation, with N limitation followed by silicate limitation. In diel (light–dark) incubations, biological assimilation accounted for 83% to 150% of the nitrate uptake, while denitrification (DNF) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) accounted for 40% of the NO3− uptake. The N addition shifted the metabolic status of the sediments from a balance of autotrophy and heterotrophy to net autotrophy under diel conditions, and the sediments served as a sink for water column DIN, silicate, and DIC but became a source of DOC, suggesting that the increased BMA production was decoupled from sediment bacterial consumption of DOC.
Revised transition probabilities for Fe XXV: Relativistic CI calculations

Abstract Revised data are provided for transition probabilities between fine-structure components of levels with n ⩽ 6 in Fe XXV. Earlier published data for transitions between fine-structure levels in Fe XXV are found to be in error, especially for certain classes of transitions. The purpose of the present note is to provide a corrected database for transitions in Fe XXV. Wavefunctions and energies for states with n ⩽ 6 and J = 0, 1, 2, 3 are determined using a relativistic configuration interaction (CI) expansion that includes the Breit interaction. To measure and control the numerical accuracy of the calculations, we compare our CI energies and matrix elements with values calculated using relativistic second-order many-body perturbation theory (MBPT), also including the Breit interaction. We obtain good agreement between our CI and MBPT calculations but disagree with earlier calculations for transitions with Δ L = 2 and for intercombination transitions (Δ S = 1). We provide wavelengths, line strengths, and transitions rates for fine-structure transition between levels with n ⩽ 6 in Fe XXV.
Culture and psychotherapy: Asian perspectives

Background: Associated with the improvement of transportation and increase of migration, contemporary society is becoming more multi-cultural. It becomes a clinical reality that culture relevant and effective psychotherapy need to be provided for patients of diversified ethnic and cultural background.Aims: Based on clinical experiences and a review of the literature, primarily relating to Asian perspectives, it is aimed to elaborate what the issues are that need consideration in modifying the practice of psychotherapy.Method: Review of relevant literature and the clinical experience of Asian psychologists and psychiatrists.Results: Culturally competent psychotherapy requires three levels of adjustments for patients of diversified ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Proper technical adjustments are needed in the area of therapist-patient relationships, communications, therapeutic focus, and choice of therapy models. Relevant theoretical modifications are suggested for issues related to the concepts of “self,”...
The effects of a course in argumentation on critical thinking ability

(1949). The effects of a course in argumentation on critical thinking ability. Speech Monographs: Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 177-189.
Working on Treatment Teams: Educating Social Work Students to Function as Addiction Specialists within Interdisciplinary Groups

Social workers specializing in the addictions field invariably work with multiple disciplines. Any intervention must be organized in consideration of various fields of practice such as mental health, criminal justice, child welfare, and health care. As part of their education, social workers become adept at understanding the influence of factors associated with physical, mental, and social functioning. Thus, they learn to appreciate the need for interdisciplinary collaboration. However, once students become practitioners, they are often left on their own to solidify their specific role as addiction specialists among several other professionals. Working as a member of an interdisciplinary team can be taught in the classroom. The authors apply Bronstein’s model for team collaboration to build a method for teaching interdisciplinary work specific to the role of the addiction specialist. Within the interdisciplinary team model, students take on the various team roles and decide the importance of these roles i...
Anisotropy in hexagonal close-packed structures: improvements to crystal plasticity approaches applied to magnesium alloy

AbstractDue to its polarity, twinning in strongly textured hexagonal close packed (HCP) structures can be maximized or minimized under particular loading conditions. The resulting anisotropy can be dramatically demonstrated for magnesium with a fibre, for example. The stress–strain behaviour from compression loading parallel to the fibre produces a ‘parabolic’ stress–strain curve, but a ‘sigmoidal’ curve when loaded normal to the fibre. When modelling anisotropy in HCP structures with crystal plasticity, contemporary researchers usually fit hardening parameters to only these two extreme cases, i.e., maximized or minimized twinning activity, presuming that the same parameters would interpolate the correct behaviour under any other transitional stress direction. A comparison with experiments presented in this paper demonstrates that this assumption is not fully accurate, whether using the phenomenological Voce hardening model or the dislocation density based hardening model in the VPSC (visco-plastic self-...
Studies of the SEMATECH IDDq test data

In the first part of this paper, we studied a few variations of a current signature method on the SEMATECH test data. We discovered two important facts: (1) many troublesome IDDq behaviors in the present and future technology were found in the SEMATECH data, (2) for those troublesome data, a relation was observed between the mean and the variance of the test data. Based on these findings, we proposed the second order current signature technique which considers both the first order mean and the second order variance information to provide a more robust and more effective mean of die selection. We examined the IDDq testing data from SEMATECH by the proposed second order current signature technique and compared the results to those of traditional single threshold and delta-IDDq techniques. We found that the proposed second order analysis may enable a more robust way to IDDq testing. In particular, the proposed method correctly identified all 12 known bad dies, while the delta-IDDq allows five of them to pass.
Recognizing the Importance of the Social Determinates of Health

All adults once were children. Who we are, how we function, how we think and perform, and many other traits have their beginnings in our earliest years. Although the foundation of the United States is embedded in the concept of equality, it is certainly true that not all children have similar advantages as they move through their first several years of life. Many of the inequalities that affect health in general, and brain health in particular, may be evident to astute pediatricians and their medical home team partners while they are providing primary care visits with families. In their article, “Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well-Child Care Visits: A Cluster RCT,” Garg, Toy, and colleagues address the utility of systematically screening for unmet basic needs at well-child visits and providing “simple” referrals and follow-up. They present their data from a … Address correspondence to Robert W. Block, MD, FAAP, 256 E 27th St, Tulsa, OK 74114. E-mail: rblock{at}aap.net
Incident heat flux measurements in floor and wall furnaces of different sizes

This paper presents the results of incident heat flux experiments in standard (full-scale) and non-standard (intermediate-scale) wall and floor fire resistance furnaces. These experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of full-scale furnace depth (wall and floor furnaces), furnace size (full- and intermediate-scale furnaces) and intermediate-scale furnace orientation (vertical and horizontal positions) on the incident heat flux in fire resistance test furnaces.
Application of flower-like ZnO nanorods Gas sensor detecting SF 6 decomposition products

Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is an important electric power equipment in a substation, and its running state has a significant relationship with stability, security, and reliability of the whole electric power system. Detecting and analyzing the decomposition byproducts of sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6) is an effectivemethod for GIS state assessment and fault diagnosis. This paper proposes a novel gas sensor based on flower-like ZnO nanorods to detect typical SF6 decompositions. Flower-like ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple hydrothermalmethod and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The gas sensor was fabricated with a planar-type structure and applied to detect SF6 decomposition products. It shows excellent sensing properties to SO2, SOF2, and SO2F2 with rapid response and recovery time and long-term stability and repeatability. Moreover, the sensor shows a remarkable discrimination among SO2, SOF2, and SO2F2 with high linearity, which makes the prepared sensor a good candidate and a wide application prospect detecting SF6 decomposition products in the future.
Interaction of nuclear receptor ligands with the Vitamin D signaling pathway in prostate cancer

A number of hormonal ligands and/or the nuclear receptors that mediate their actions have been targeted for prostate cancer therapy. Androgens, the ligands for the androgen receptor (AR), are critical for the growth of prostate cancer. Inhibition of androgen production has been the mainstay of treatment for advanced prostate cancer for decades. Other more recently tested targets include retinoid receptors (RAR and RXR), glucocorticoid receptors (GR), estrogen receptors (ER) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). Calcitriol, acting through the Vitamin D receptor (VDR), has many tumor suppressive activities in the prostate, including inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis and/or differentiation, and reduction of cellular invasion. Because of these properties, calcitriol and its less hypercalcemic analogs are being evaluated as agents to prevent or treat prostate cancer. Androgens, retinoids, glucocorticoids, estrogens and agonists of PPAR directly or indirectly impact Vitamin D signaling pathways, and vice versa. In order to design the most effective strategies to use calcitriol to prevent or treat prostate cancer, the interactions of other nuclear receptors and their ligands with the Vitamin D signaling pathway need to be considered.
Identification of EBP50: A PDZ-containing Phosphoprotein that Associates with Members of the Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin Family

Members of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of membrane–cytoskeletal linking proteins have NH2- and COOH-terminal domains that associate with the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton, respectively. To search for ERM binding partners potentially involved in membrane association, tissue lysates were subjected to affinity chromatography on the immobilized NH2-terminal domains of ezrin and moesin, which comprise the ezrin-radixin-moesin–association domain (N-ERMAD). A collection of polypeptides at 50–53 kD from human placenta and at 58-59 kD from bovine brain bound directly to both N-ERMADs. The 50–53-kD placental proteins migrated as a major 50-kD species after phosphatase treatment, indicating that the heterogeneity is due to different phosphorylation states. We refer to these polypeptides as ERM-binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50). Sequence analysis of human EBP50 was used to identify an ∼2-kb human cDNA that encodes a 357-residue polypeptide. Recombinant EBP50 binds tightly to the N-ERMADs of ezrin and moesin. Peptide sequences from the brain candidate indicated that it is closely related to EBP50. EBP50 has two PSD-95/DlgA/ZO-1–like (PDZ) domains and is most likely a homologue of rabbit protein cofactor, which is involved in the protein kinase A regulation of the renal brush border Na+/H+ exchanger. EBP50 is widely distributed in tissues, and is particularly enriched in those containing polarized epithelia. Immunofluorescence microscopy of cultured cells and tissues revealed that EBP50 colocalizes with actin and ezrin in the apical microvilli of epithelial cells, and immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that it is specifically associated with the microvilli of the placental syncytiotrophoblast. Moreover, EBP50 and ezrin can be coimmunoprecipitated as a complex from isolated human placental microvilli. These findings show that EBP50 is a physiologically relevant ezrin binding protein. Since PDZ domains are known to mediate associations with integral membrane proteins, one mode of membrane attachment of ezrin is likely to be mediated through EBP50.
Selective two-photon microscopy with shaped femtosecond pulses.

Selective two-photon excitation of fluorescent probe molecules using phase-only modulated ultrashort 15-fs laser pulses is demonstrated. The spectral phase required to achieve the maximum contrast in the excitation of different probe molecules or identical probe molecules in different micro-chemical environments is designed according to the principles of multiphoton intrapulse interference (MII). The MII method modulates the probabilities with which specific spectral components in the excitation pulse contribute to the two-photon absorption process due to the dependence of the absorption on the power spectrum of E2(t) [1–3]. Images obtained from a number of samples using the multiphoton microscope are presented.
Developmental reprogramming of IGF signaling and susceptibility to endometrial hyperplasia in the rat

In rodents, a brief neonatal exposure of the developing reproductive tract to the xenoestrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES) reprograms developing tissues to increase susceptibility to tumorigenesis in adult animals, including uterine adenocarcinoma. Progression from a normal endometrium to carcinoma occurs via the intermediate stage of endometrial hyperplasia. We previously reported that endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women is linked to abnormal insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling. To identify early events involved in the development of hyperplasia in the endometrium, we examined expression and activation of IGF-I pathway components in endometrium of rats exposed to DES. By 5 months of age, 36/60 (60%) of rats exposed to DES on days 3–5 after birth developed endometrial hyperplasia compared to 0% of vehicle-treated controls. Consistent with activation of a mitogenic signaling pathway, Ki67-positive cells increased in DES-exposed endometrium despite compromised ovarian function and hypoestrogenic milieu characteristic of DES-exposed animals. The endometrium of DES-exposed rats overexpressed IGF-II and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and exhibited elevated Akt expression and activation (as judged by phosphorylation) and mTOR signaling (phosphorylation of S6) compared to vehicle-treated endometrium. In contrast to vehicle-treated endometrium, in which negative feedback to IRS-1 was observed (phosphorylation of S636/639), negative feedback to IRS-1 was absent in DES-exposed endometrium. These data support a central role for IGF-I signaling in the development of both human and rodent endometrial hyperplasia. Furthermore, both global activation of IGF-IR signaling and abrogation of negative feedback to IRS-1 appear to be reprogrammed by DES in endometrial hyperplasia, implicating for the first time loss of negative feedback to IRS-1 in development of a preneoplastic lesion.
Network coding broadcast delay on erasure channels

We consider a broadcast erasure channel where a single transmitter broadcasts to M receivers, where the channel between the transmitter and each receiver is an independent erasure channel with success probabilities q = (q 1 , …, q M ). Prior work on this model by Cogill, Shrader and Ephremides (2011) established bounds on the expected delays incurred in transmitting a collection of C packets to each of the M receivers using both scheduling and random linear network coding (RLNC). In this work we extend these results in several ways. First, we provide exact expressions and tight upper and lower bounds for the expected delay under uncoded transmissions (UT) for arbitrary q. Second, we provide a recurrence relationship for the expected delay under RLNC that allows one to compute the exact delay for any finite C. Third, we prove convergence in probability and in rth mean of the normalized expected delay under RLNC as C → ∞ to 1/min j q j , with the implication that the normalized delay is solely a function of the quality of the worst erasure channel. Finally, we note our results are of general interest in probability theory as they address the moments of the maximum of (sums of) independent geometric random variables (UT, RLNC) and the convergence of moments of functions of sums of independent geometric random variables (RLNC).
China's Socioeconomic Progress: The Mainland Revisited Shows Evidence of Advance But Its Overpopulation Is a Big Problem

Abstract. An invitation to lecture at a Chinese university in 1986 afforded the writer and his wife an opportunity to revisit China. They had been there in 1975 while the “Cultural Revolution” was still on and again in 1983. Their first visit covered major modern cities and historical capitals, their second more remote areas and their third the rural areas. They were impressed by the economic progress, especially in 1983-86, even in rural areas which are still lagging behind the cities. The ability of the Chinese to cope with overpopulation aroused their admiration but it was clear that the problem would block or handicap development and modernization efforts for decades to come. China's overpopulation problem is a warning to other developing nations which neglect family planning.
Nomenclatural Actions for the New World Cypresses (Cupressaceae)

A new genus, Neocupressus de Laubenfels, is erected for the New World cypresses (Cupressaceae) to separate them from Callitropsis Oersted, where they have recently been placed. This is based on several sharp morphological distinctions. A new hybrid nothogenus, ×Neocupropsis de Laubenfels, is also erected to accommodate hybrid species from various species of Neocupressus and Callitropsis. The new combinations are: Neocupressus arizonica (Greene) de Laubenfels, N. arizonica var. glabra (Sudworth) de Laubenfels, N. arizonica var. nevadensis (Abrams) de Laubenfels, N. arizonica var. montana (Wiggins) de Laubenfels, N. bakeri (Jepson) de Laubenfels, N. goveniana (Gordon) de Laubenfels, N. goveniana var. abramsiana (C. B. Wolf) de Laubenfels, N. goveniana var. pygmaea (Lemmon) de Laubenfels, N. guadalupensis (S. Watson) de Laubenfels, N. guadalupensis var. forbesii (Jepson) de Laubenfels, N. lusitanica (Miller) de Laubenfels, N. lusitanica var. lindleyi (Klotzsch in Endlicher) de Laubenfels, N. macnabiana (A. Murray bis) de Laubenfels, N. macrocarpa (Hartweg) de Laubenfels, N. sargentii (Jepson) de Laubenfels, ×Neocupropsis leylandii (A. B. Jackson & Dallimore) de Laubenfels, ×N. notabilis (A. F. Mitchell) de Laubenfels, and ×N. ovensii (A. F. Mitchell) de Laubenfels. A lectotype is selected for N. lusitanica var. lindleyi.
Urban Youth Workers' Use of “Personal Knowledge” in Resolving Complex Dilemmas of Practice

Using narrative inquiry to analyze accounts of how two experienced youth workers handled the potential for gun violence in their organizations, this article argues that youth worker expertise in part is based on personal knowledge derived from childhood neighborhood-based peer groups and participation in youth programs. Expert youth workers draw on personal and professional craft knowledge and move between the rules of youth organizations and the rules of the streets to read people and situations and address the potential for serious violence. Implications for youth worker professional development are raised.
Dependence of the electron-inelastic-scattering rate on disorder and temperature in a strongly disordered superconductor

The electron-inelastic-scattering rate, 1/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{in}}$, is studied in superconducting amorphous-composite indium oxide films over substantial ranges of resistivity ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{4.2}$ (1.4\ensuremath{\le}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{4.2}$\ensuremath{\le}9.8 m\ensuremath{\Omega} cm), sheet resistance ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\square}}}$ (0.17\ensuremath{\le}${\mathit{R}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\square}}}$\ensuremath{\le}1.8 k\ensuremath{\Omega}), and reduced temperature T/${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}\mathit{o}}$ (0.17\ensuremath{\le}T/${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}\mathit{o}}$\ensuremath{\le}0.6), using an electron tunneling technique. 1/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{in}}$(T) is obtained by a phenomenological analysis of the data. The main result is that 1/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{in}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}2.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{10}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$[${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{4.2}$ (m\ensuremath{\Omega} cm) ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}\mathit{o}}$ (K)${]}^{3/2}$(T/${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}\mathit{o}}$${)}^{3}$. That 1/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{in}}$\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{4.2}^{3/2}$, as opposed to 1/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{in}}$\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathit{R}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\square}}}$, indicates the films are three dimensional (3D) rather than 2D for inelastic scattering. A recent theory explains this result as inelastic electron-phonon scattering that is enhanced by disorder that is strong enough to suppress the normal-state density of states at the Fermi energy significantly.
Molecular analysis of mouse alcohol dehydrogenase: nucleotide sequence of the Adh-1 gene and genetic mapping of a related nucleotide sequence to chromosome 3.

Abstract The mouse has three genes ( Adh ) encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes of different tissue specificity and catalytic properties. Identified regulatory loci are known to affect the expression of Adh-1 and Adh-3 , which are closely linked on chromosome 3. The Adh-1 gene product is expressed predominantly in liver, and its mRNA product is androgen-inducible in kidney. In this study, genomic clones of Adh-1 were obtained from a Balb/cJ DNA library. The nucleotide sequences of all exons, intron/exon boundaries and 5′- and 3′-flanking regions were obtained. The gene spans nearly 13 kbandis divided into nine exons and eight introns. The transcription start point of this gene was determined by Sl nuclease mapping studies and presumptive regulatory regions in the 5′ -flanking regions were identified, including a TATA box and a glucocorticoid-responsive element. A restriction fragment length polymorphism in the Adh-1 gene was identified among inbred strains and mapped at the [ Adh-1,Adh-3 ] complex on chromosome 3. An additional ‘ Adh -Mke’ sequence in the genome was also mapped to chromosome 3 approx. 9 centiMorgans from Adh-1 .
Otologic manifestations in a family with craniometaphyseal dysplasia

Abstract Craniometaphyseal dysplasia is a rare genetic disorder classified as one of the osteochondrodysplasias. Hyperostosis is most evident in craniofacial bones. Diagnosis can be challenging, and relies on clinical and radiographic findings, which includes cranial base sclerosis and metaphyseal widening. Otologic manifestations include mixed to primarily conductive hearing loss. Temporal bone descriptions are scantily described in the literature. This report describes a pedigree of 5 family members seen in our institution with craniometaphyseal dysplasia along with interesting computed tomography images of the temporal bones that are representative of the family's anatomy. To our knowledge it represents one of the largest familial case reports reported in the literature. We discuss the relevant clinical course of the family, which illustrates the difficulty in diagnosis and severe language delays that occur when hearing loss remains unaddressed. In this family, where compliance and a lack of available family history complicated the diagnostic picture, the children remained undiagnosed until myringotomy in the operating room, which revealed a bone-filled middle ear space.
Combating the Assumption of Evolutionary Progress: Lessons from the Decay and Loss of Traits

Contrary to popular belief, evolution is not necessarily progressive. Indeed, traits are often lost or substantially reduced in the process of evolution. In this article, we present several case studies that can be used in the classroom to illustrate both the ubiquity and diversity of cases of trait loss. Our recently acquired knowledge of genetic and developmental processes can provide insight into how traits are gained and lost through evolution. Several practical applications also emerge from studies of trait loss and degeneration, and we focus on those with medical relevance. Examining trait loss also provides perspective on the crucial differences between Darwinian evolution and social Darwinism. We encourage educators to devote greater attention to trait loss in secondary biology and undergraduate evolution courses, and discuss how such information may be best incorporated into evolution curricula.
Integration of succinic acid and ethanol production with potential application in a corn or barley biorefinery.

Production of succinic acid from glucose by Escherichia coli strain AFP184 was studied in a batch fermentor. The bases used for pH control included NaOH, KOH, NH4OH, and Na2CO3. The yield of succinic acid without and with carbon dioxide supplied by an adjacent ethanol fermentor using either corn or barley as feedstock was examined. The carbon dioxide gas from the ethanol fermentor was sparged directly into the liquid media in the succinic acid fermentor without any pretreatment. Without the CO2 supplement, the highest succinic acid yield was observed with Na2CO3, followed by NH4OH, and lowest with the other two bases. When the CO2 produced in the ethanol fermentation was sparged into the media in the succinic acid fermentor, no improvement of succinic acid yield was observed with Na2CO3. However, several-fold increases in succinic acid yield were observed with the other bases, with NH4OH giving the highest yield increase. The yield of succinic acid with CO2 supplement from the ethanol fermentor when NH4OH was used for pH control was equal to that obtained when Na2CO3 was used, with or without CO2 supplementation. The benefit of sparging CO2 from ethanol fermentation on the yield of succinic acid demonstrated the feasibility of integration of succinic acid fermentation with ethanol fermentation in a biorefinery for production of fuels and industrial chemicals.
Footstep-induced sediment displacement in the Grand Canyon

The Glen Canyon Dam has severely altered the riparian zone of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. One result of the controlled river discharge is more efficient prediction of water stages at the major rapids, leading to higher visitor use. Increased visitation results in heavy foot traffic, trampling along the river banks, erosion of the campsite soils, and the destruction of vegetation. Erosion occurs when the surfaces are roughened, exposing them to wind transport and runoff. In addition, each footstep physically displaces sand downhill. The results of a field experiment designed to measure the amount of sand displaced by footsteps show that each year trampling alone displaces 230 m3 of sand downslope and into the river. With the controlled river flow, no natural processes exist to replace the lost sediment.
Movements of the Jaw After Unexpected Contact with a Hard Object

Responses to sudden contact of the teeth with a hard object hidden in soft food were investigated in seven individuals. The result recorded was unexpected stoppage of jaw movement, rather than a jaw opening reflex commonly thought to occur.
Forbidden transitions in homopolar isotopically unsymmetric diatomic molecules and the dipole moment of HD

Abstract The theoretical expressions for the intensities of forbidden rotational and rotation-vibration spectra of homopolar isotopically unsymmetric diatomic molecules, made allowed by the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, are derived. The results are applied to HD and it is shown that among the previously overlooked contributions to the dipole moment of the molecule there is one with a very significant value in the direction H−D+. A rotationally dependent contribution arising from centrifugal distortion is extremely small. The intensities of the fundamental and overtone bands of HD are also considered.
Power and Influence: Russian Energy Behavior in Central Asia

Abstract Russian energy behavior is examined with regard to the oil, electricity and gas sectors in each of the Central Asian states, and each state's responses to that behavior. The contention is that the Central Asian states, in spite of disarray in the energy sectors, have attempted to develop strategies which treat energy as a strategically sensitive commodity, and account for Russia's interests while protecting their own. The adaptive capacity of the Central Asian states varies from state to state – but also from sector to sector, and the article examines why that has been the case. The analysis concludes with an exploration of how Russia's energy strategies in Central Asia may fit into the wider context of Russia's market and political strategies.
The cell-death machine

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is the physiological process whereby individual cells are deliberately eliminated to achieve homeostasis and proper metazoan development. Numerous genes have recently been identified that are involved in apoptosis: some are believed to encode death effectors, whereas others encode positive or negative regulators of the cell-death machine. Precisely how these various proteins interact in the molecular mechanism of apoptosis remains to be discovered.
Tissue- and isoform-specific phytochrome regulation of light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Phytochromes regulate light- and sucrose-dependent anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation in many plants. Mesophyll-specific phyA alone has been linked to the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in response to far-red light in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, multiple mesophyll-localized phytochromes were implicated in the photoregulation of anthocyanin accumulation in red-light conditions. Here, we report a role for mesophyll-specific phyA in blue-light-dependent regulation of anthocyanin levels and novel roles for individual phy isoforms in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation under red illumination. These results provide new insight into spatial- and isoform-specific regulation of pigmentation by phytochromes in A. thaliana.
Parametrization of curves and surfaces

In recent years there has been a renewed interest in concrete aspects of Algebraic Geometry brought on by its applications to engineering and computer science. Especially for modeling problems it is useful to know whether a given algebraic curve or surface can be parametrized by rational or polynomial functions, and if so then how to find such a parametrization.
The Role of Suggestion in the Perception of Satanic Messages in Rock-And-Roll Recordings

Summary This study is an attempt to examine the role of suggestion in perceiving satanic messages in rock-and-roll recordings presented backward. Ss (N = 65) were placed in one of three groups: 1. no suggestion regarding message; 2. suggestion that words could be distinguished in the record; 3. suggestion that satanic messages could be distinguished in the record. A significantly greater proportion of Ss in the second group reported hearing more words than the members of the other groups. A significantly greater proportion of Ss in the third group reported hearing more messages with satanic content than the members of the other groups.
Evaluation of the FrameLock reference-arc fixation device for image-guided surgery

OBJECTIVES: The FrameLock (FL) is a bone anchored, reference arc fixation device for image guided surgery. This study compares the stability of the FL to the FESS frame (FF), a friction fit device.METHODS: The FL and FF were independently applied to a cadaver. Fifteen sequentially larger impulse forces were applied to each device (0.39–5.8 N*s). Following each impulse, anatomic drift was recorded. A 29 patient prospective clinical trial tested the accuracy of each device before and after surgery.RESULTS: The FL showed significantly less anatomic drift for all weights except 0.39 N*s (P < 0.01). The average clinical displacement of the FL was 0.07 mm, and of the FF was 1.02 mm (P < 0.0009). Linear regression analysis of anatomic drift as a function of the procedure duration revealed a positive correlation for the FF (y = 0.61x), but not for the FL (y = 0.02x).CONCLUSIONS: The bone anchored FL is significantly more stable than the friction fit FF.
Fashioning Race for the Free Market on America's Next Top Model

Although reality TV offers more representations of women and racial diversity than most other mainstream television, there are still few studies that investigate gendered racial representation in the genre. I argue that the abundance of discourses about feminine racialization on America's Next Top Model signals a new neoliberal rhetoric of race in popular culture in which instead of silently and superficially representing racial difference, the show's explicit discussions about race and racialized identity transformations are promoted as a valuable commodity. In particular, African American model Danielle's struggle to change her rural Southern accent is a key narrative arc on the show. Positioning feminine racialization as a lucrative flexible personal asset, the show ensures that the women of color are doubly commodified—for their eroticized physical attractiveness and for their marketable personal narratives of racial self-transformation. I contend that the racial rhetoric of Top Model makes race hyper...
Influence of nucleotide sequence adjacent to duplex DNA termini on 3′ terminal labeling by terminal transferase

Abstract We have analyzed the effect of base-pairing at the exposed ends of Hinc II fragments of SV40 DNA on the efficiency of ribonucleotide incorporation catalyzed by terminal transferase. Wide variations in the labeling efficiency of individual DNA fragments have been observed. To elucidate the nature of this variation at the molecular level, we have correlated this effect with nucleotide sequence adjacent to the cleavage site. We found that a G:C base pair right at the exposed end drastically reduces the incorporation of ribonucleotides. Furthermore, the higher the number of G:C base pairs adjacent to the exposed end, the greater the reduction in labeling efficiency. From these results, we conclude that the labeling efficiency is determined by the degree of 'terminal breathing' of the DNA molecule at the exposed end of the duplex.
CHARACTERIZATION OF FREEWAY CAPACITY REDUCTION RESULTING FROM TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

Incidents, defined as unplanned events that temporarily reduce roadway capacity, contribute significantly to urban freeway congestion. Transportation agencies have developed incident management programs in order to support the effective identification and response to incidents. An important element of an effective incident management program is the ability to accurately estimate the freeway capacity remaining following an incident. The objective of this research was to characterize urban freeway capacity reduction resulting from traffic accidents using a large set of traffic flow and accident data. Traffic accidents, a subcategory of incidents, were investigated since they, in particular, result in significant urban freeway congestion due to their frequency and generally substantial reduction of capacity. The results of this effort lead to the following conclusions: (1) Accidents significantly reduce remaining capacity on freeway segments, well beyond the physical blockage of lanes. This research found that an accident blocking one of three freeway lanes resulted in a mean capacity reduction of 63%, while an accident blocking two of three freeway lanes resulted in a mean capacity reduction of 77%; and (2) There is evidence to suggest that accident capacity reduction is best modeled as a random variable, not a deterministic value. The results of this research indicate that the beta distribution provides a good representation of accident capacity reduction for one or two lanes of three lanes blocked.