cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inspirasi Kisah Ayub bagi Seorang Katolik dalam Menghadapi Penderitaan

Job lives as a righteous man before God and he is one of the good models of believer. The Scripture tells about his experiences of severe and extreme sufferings. His wealth is lost, his children die, and he becomes painfully ill. His friends accuse him of being a sinner and they even avoid him. His wife tends to do the same as his friends do. Job is afflicted and lonely in his suffering. But Job responds to his suffering by an attitude of faith. Suffering is interpreted as a way to know and understand more his God. Suffering cannot be comprehended by interpretation, but should be responded by faith. Job walks through the mystery of suffering not merely with critical and rational thought, but eventually with a confession of faith, “I know that you can do all things” (Job 42:2a). But this is yet a ‘rational’ knowing that needs further decision in faith to accept every suffering as part of life in God. It is this decision to respond to suffering that makes the difference to the character of faith as experience, that is, the courage of being religious rather than simply of having a religion.
The first zagreb index and some hamiltonian properties of the line graph of a graph

AbstractThe first Zagreb index of a graph is defined as the sum of the squares of the degrees of the vertices in the graph. Using first Zagreb index of a graph, we in this note present sufficient conditions for some Hamiltonian properties of the line graph of a graph.
Chapter 34 – β-Galactosidase Deficiency: GM1 Gangliosidosis, Morquio B Disease, and Galactosialidosis

This chapter focuses on certain lysosomal diseases, in particular, GM1 gangliosidosis, Morquio B disease, and galactosialidosis, caused by mutations in genes coding for lysosomal β-galactosidases. The chapter discusses certain glycosaminoglycans, their structure and the enzymes required for their degradation, and the disease related to mutations affecting these degradative enzymes. The various lysosomal hydrolases enzymes involved are discussed, as well as their protective proteins, protective protein/cathepsin A (PPCA, known also as PPGB [protective protein for β-galactosidase], or as cathepsin A or lysosomal carboxypeptidase). The clinical phenotypes resulting from damage to these enzymes or protective proteins are discussed in some detail along with the approach to diagnosis and the diagnostic tests required, and the nature and structure of the stored substrates. The rapidly increasing number of mutations is discussed along with their worldwide distribution. Therapy of these disorders is challenging but there have been some successes, and these are discussed. The chapter has been updated and new references added. Six of the 55 references are new, four of them from 2013 and 2014. The work will be useful for a wide variety of readers, including clinicians, biochemists, molecular geneticists and epidemiologists.
Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Suppurative Thyroiditis with Thyrotoxicosis

Intravenous drug use (IVDU) can lead to numerous complications from skin abscesses to bacteremia to endocarditis. Here, we present a rare case of acute suppurative thyroiditis as a complication of IVDU, in which a 26-year-old female with a past medical history of IVDU presented to the emergency department for evaluation of a large right sided neck mass. On exam, she had signs of sepsis and thyrotoxicosis. Fine needle aspiration confirmed suppurative thyroiditis. Blood cultures and culture from fine needle aspiration grew Staphylococcus aureus. Patient was treated with 2 weeks of intravenous antibiotics with good resolution of her symptoms.
Outside the Laboratory

Day in and day out Werner was the first to appear at the institute in the morning and the last to leave at night. He even worked on Sunday mornings, as did his Assistenten, and for many years he rode a bicycle to work both to conserve time and to provide exercise. During summer vacation, he interrupted this almost superhuman schedule for only a few weeks. A short nap in his office at noon was sufficient to allow this veritable powerhouse of a man to recharge his batteries and so maintain his arduous timetable.
Ischemia-Induced Coronary Collateral Angiogenesis

Chronic myocardial ischemia is accompanied by growth of interarterial anastomoses in the coronary circulation (1, 2). These anastomoses, termed coronary collaterals, allow alternate sources of perfusion to supply ischemic myocardium and protect myocardium from reversible and irreversible tissue injury. Although the development of the collateral circulation in response to chronic coronary artery constriction/occlusion has been described (1–5), the mechanisms of and triggers for vascular growth are, at best, poorly understood. A plethora of mitogenic cytokines and growth factors have been implicated as initiators of angiogenesis, but the temporal relationships amongst intensity of ischemia, coronary collateral development/perfusion and growth factor production have not been systematically studied. The purpose of the present investigation was to characterize the time-course of development of the coronary collateral circulation in response to chronic myocardial ischemia in vivo and determine if expression of specific growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) occurs in a well-defined temporal relation. A microdialysis chamber implanted into the myocardium allowed daily sampling of interstitial fluid for subsequent assessment of mitogenic activity in vitro.
Mobile device access to electronic patient portals in oncology: Potential implications for patient and practice experiences.

179Background: Mobile devices provide individuals with rapid and frequent access to electronic patient portals. How patients use this growing and widespread technology to review test results and co...
Efforts toward optimization of aerobic biohydrogen reveal details of secondary regulation of biological nitrogen fixation by nitrogenous compounds in Azotobacter vinelandii

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) through the enzyme nitrogenase is performed by a unique class of organisms known as diazotrophs. One interesting facet of BNF is that it produces molecular hydrogen (H2) as a requisite by-product. In the absence of N2 substrate, or under conditions that limit access of N2 to the enzyme through modifications of amino acids near the active site, nitrogenase activity can be redirected toward a role as a dedicated hydrogenase. In free-living diazotrophs, nitrogenases are tightly regulated to minimize BNF to meet only the growth requirements of the cell, and are often accompanied by uptake hydrogenases that oxidize the H2 by-product to recover the electrons from this product. The wild-type strain of Azotobacter vinelandii performs all of the tasks described above to minimize losses of H2 while also growing as an obligate aerobe. Individual alterations to A. vinelandii have been demonstrated that disrupt key aspects of the N2 reduction cycle, thereby diverting resources and energy toward the production of H2. In this work, we have combined three approaches to override the primary regulation of BNF and redirect metabolism to drive biological H2 production by nitrogenase in A. vinelandii. The resulting H2-producing strain was further utilized as a surrogate to study secondary, post-transcriptional regulation of BNF by several key nitrogen-containing metabolites. The improvement in yields of H2 that were achieved through various combinations of these three approaches was compared and is presented along with the insights into inhibition of BNF by several nitrogen compounds that are common in various waste streams. The findings indicate that both ammonium and nitrite hinder BNF through this secondary inhibition, but urea and nitrate do not. These results provide essential details to inform future biosynthetic approaches to yield nitrogen products that do not inadvertently inhibit BNF.
Refractory Metastatic Insulinoma Treated with Everolimus, Complicated by Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia.

Insulinoma is a rare neuroendocrine pancreatic islet cell tumor of which the majority are benign and solitary. Its estimated incidence is 2 to 4 cases per 1 million person-years. We report the case of an 82-year-old female who presented with metastatic insulinoma to the liver and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. It was diagnosed based on positive Whipple’s triad, elevated insulin, elevated C-peptide, and negative insulin auto-antibody. Her disease was initially managed with diazoxide 100 mg orally every 8 hours, octreotide LAR 30 mg intramuscularly every month, and sunitinib 12.5 mg orally three times a day. However, patient had recurrent symptoms and imaging consistent with worsened metastatic insulinoma; and thus, treatment was changed to everolimus 10 mg PO daily. Over the subsequent 10 months, the patient developed progressive shortness of breath and hypoxemia with and oxygen saturation (SpO2) of 89% on room air. Computerized tomography (CT) and lung biopsy were consistent with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) temporally associated with the initiation of everolimus. She was started on prednisone 1 mg/kg/day and within 48 hours, her symptoms and hypoxemia improved to SpO2 of 98-99% at room air and her repeat CT chest showed marked disease improvement. Given her good response with everolimus, it was continued in conjunction with the prednisone and to this day, patient has had a significant therapeutic response with normoglycemia and stable, well-controlled symptoms. This case is unique because to our knowledge, it is the first reported case of a patient with metastatic insulinoma complicated by the development of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. It reaffirms the causal association between everolimus and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia that has been reported numerous times in literature. However, there has been no reported cases showing that the COP can be managed with prednisone concurrently with everolimus for the metastatic insulinoma without diminished clinical benefit. While pulmonary complications have been cited as reasons for discontinuation of everolimus therapy, our case report highlights the use of steroids as a viable therapeutic strategy that allows successful therapy with everolimus to be continued. In addition to presenting this case, we will also do a thorough review of the literature surrounding the available therapeutic options of metastatic insulinoma. This will include surgery, somatostatin analogs, antimicrobials, potassium channel activators, VEGF-A inhibitors, alkylating agents and mTOR inhibitors to provide a more in-depth picture of how we treat metastatic insulinoma.
Cinderella and the Search for the Missing Shoe

Former President of Tanzania, Julius Nyerere, an adult educator himself, once said that adult education is the Cinderella of government departments (Nyerere 1988). This dictum applies as much to most Latin American countries as it does to Tanzania. Adult education governmental agencies throughout the region are often underfunded, forgotten and marginalized from the education policy realm.
Hyperspectral imaging of FRET-based cGMP probes.

In recent years a variety of fluorescent probes for measurement of cGMP signals have been developed (Nikolaev et al., Nat. Methods 3:23-25, 2006; Honda et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:2437-42, 2001; Nausch et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:365-70, 2008). The probes are comprised of known cGMP binding sites-e.g., from phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) or protein kinase G (PKG)-attached to fluorescent proteins. Binding of cGMP triggers conformational changes that alter the emitted fluorescence. In the case of Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based probes, binding of cGMP alters the distance between the donor and acceptor fluorophores and thus alters FRET. However, FRET-based probes inherently have low signal-to-noise ratios, limiting the utility of these probes. Here we describe the use of hyperspectral imaging and analysis approaches to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of FRET-based cGMP measurements. These approaches are appropriate for monitoring changes in cGMP signals either in cell populations using a spectrofluorimeter or in single cells using spectral microscope systems with appropriate spectral filtering capabilities.
Vinyl Triflate–Aldehyde Reductive Coupling–Redox Isomerization Mediated by Formate: Rhodium-Catalyzed Ketone Synthesis in the Absence of Stoichiometric Metals

Direct conversion of aldehydes to ketones is achieved via rhodium-catalyzed vinyl triflate-aldehyde reductive coupling-redox isomerization mediated by potassium formate. This method circumvents premetalated C-nucleophiles and discrete redox manipulations typically required to form ketones from aldehydes.
Time Is Up: Social Workers Take Your Place at the Climate Table

Climate change and global warming gained attention at the beginning of the twenty-first century; however, it has been debated for centuries. Despite a plethora of scientific evidence to support its...
Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to examine implementation determinants of specialty mental health probation

Specialty mental health probation (SMHP) is designed to improve outcomes for the large number of people with serious mental illnesses who are on probation and/or parole. The evidence for specialty mental health probation is promising; however, little is known about the implementation challenges and facilitators associated with SMHP. To address this gap, we used the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) to analyze 26 interviews with stakeholders representing multiple agencies involved in the implementation of SMHP. Results indicate a number of challenges and facilitators related to the inner setting, outer setting, implementation process, and characteristics of individuals. Findings suggest that complex and cross-sectoral interventions are context-dependent and introduce a number of challenges and facilitators related to multiple CFIR domains. Consequently, agency administrators implementing these types of interventions should consider small pilot studies and develop implementation strategies tailored to the local implementation context.
Tools for Discussing Identity and Privilege Among Medical Students, Trainees, and Faculty

Introduction Physicians and students of all backgrounds should be prepared to interact with patients of various socioeconomic, racial, ethnic, gender, religious, and sexual orientation identities. ...
Error analysis of Runge--Kutta discontinuous Galerkin methods for linear time-dependent partial differential equations

In this paper, we present error estimates of fully discrete Runge--Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (DG) schemes for linear time-dependent partial differential equations. The analysis applies to explicit Runge--Kutta time discretizations of any order. For spatial discretization, a general discrete operator is considered, which covers various DG methods, such as the upwind-biased DG method, the central DG method, the local DG method and the ultra-weak DG method. We obtain error estimates for stable and consistent fully discrete schemes, if the solution is sufficiently smooth and a spatial operator with certain properties exists. Applications to schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws, the heat equation, the dispersive equation and the wave equation are discussed. In particular, we provide an alternative proof of optimal error estimates of local DG methods for equations with high order derivatives in one dimension, which does not rely on energy inequalities of auxiliary unknowns.
Influenza Vaccination and Migration at the US Southern Border

In the past year, at least three children who migrated across the US southern border in the custody of Customs and Border Protection (CBP) died with laboratory-confirmed influenza infection as a co...
Negative Affect Mediates the Association between Posttraumatic Cognitions and Craving in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder.

Objective: The co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common. Individuals with PTSD/AUD commonly drink to cope with PTSD symptoms, which maintains P...
Undocumented Magic: Magical Realism as ‘Aesthetic Turbulence’ in Salvador Plascencia’s The People of Paper

Connecting scholarship on Latin American Magical Realism with debates on “realness” and “Black Girl Magic” in the #blacklivesmatter movement and the simultaneous criminalization and erasure of undocumented immigrants from the Southern hemisphere, Rohrleitner shows how Salvador Plascencia’s 2005 novel The People of Paper reinvents Magical Realism as a mode of active resistance to racialized violence in the United States. Drawing on Glissant’s “aesthetics of turbulence” the chapter focuses on the discursive opposition of Little Merced, the main protagonist’s daughter who is entirely made of paper, to the commodification of her story by an authoritarian narrator/author, highlighting how Plascencia’s specific brand of Magical Realism critiques current immigration policies.
The “Serial Effect” and the True Crime Podcast Ecosystem

Recently, true crime podcasting has exploded. These podcasts organizations mobilize resources, compete with other organizations, gain legitimacy, and focus on sustaining foundings and preventing mo...
The Damping Tail of CMB Anisotropies

By decomposing the damping tail of CMB anisotropies into a series of transfer functions representing individual physical effects, we provide ingredients that will aid in the reconstruction of the cosmological model from small-scale CMB anisotropy data. We accurately calibrate the model-independent effects of diffusion and reionization damping which provide potentially the most robust information on the background cosmology. Removing these effects, we uncover model-dependent processes such as the acoustic peak modulation and gravitational enhancement that can help distinguish between alternate models of structure formation and provide windows into the evolution of fluctuations at various stages in their growth.
Restorying With the Ancestors: Historically Rooted Speculative Composing Practices and Alternative Rhetorics of Queer Futurity:

Within literacy, rhetoric, and composition (LRC) studies, composing practices have been studied as an embedded feature of life, one that manifests histories, imagination, and identities through act...
Relational Justice: Addressing Gender and Power in Clinical Practices for Infidelity

Research has long shown that who has the affair, why an individual has an affair, and how couples respond once the secret is out are related to important socio-contextual variables that are seldom explicitly addressed in therapy sessions. In this chapter, we summarize our research findings on the reasons that most approaches to couple therapy for infidelity do not incorporate attention to gender and power. Then we describe the research-based Relational Justice Approach that addresses these concerns through five core components: (a) attention to power dynamics, (b) attunement to gender context, (c) creating space for alternate gender discourses, (d) pursuing relational responsibility of the more powerful partner, and (e) deepening experience of mutual support. Heavily influenced by Socio-Emotional Relationship Therapy (SERT), the Relational Justice Approach creates scaffolding for a therapeutic process that helps couples reorganize imbalances that limit mutuality and relational options in affair recovery.
Mother-Infant Communication in Primates

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews information available on the use of vocal, visual, and tactile signals by primate mothers and infants in a developmental-interactional perspective. It discusses patterns of mother-infant communication across primate species in a comparative and evolutionary perspective. Primate infants, with the exception of the great apes, appear to display remarkably few visual and tactile signals compared with the richness of their vocal repertoire. In many species, several vocal patterns seem to be already present at birth. In contrast, some visual patterns are related primarily to functions, such as nourishment, and acquire their communicative function secondarily during development. Infant facial expressions, gestures, and postures are frequently used for soliciting contact, grooming, play, and food sharing from mothers. Thus, although both vocal and nonvocal signals may function to re-establish physical contact with the mother, nonvocal signals are also used to request maternal participation in specific activities that may or may not require contact with the maternal body. The chapter also discusses the possible implications of some evolutionary trends across the primate order for the evolution of active information transfer and language in humans.
Multiple Discontinuous Ligand-mimetic Antibody Binding Sites Define a Ligand Binding Pocket in Integrin αIIbβ3

Integrin αIIbβ3, a platelet fibrinogen receptor, is critically involved in thrombosis and hemostasis. However, how ligands interact with αIIbβ3 has been controversial. Ligand-mimetic anti-αIIbβ3 antibodies (PAC-1, LJ-CP3, and OP-G2) contain the RGD-like RYD sequence in their CDR3 in the heavy chain and have structural and functional similarities to native ligands. We have located binding sites for ligand-mimetic antibodies in αIIb and β3 using human-to-mouse chimeras, which we expect to maintain functional integrity of αIIbβ3. Here we report that these antibodies recognize several discontinuous binding sites in both the αIIb and β3 subunits; these binding sites are located in residues 156–162 and 229–230 of αIIb and residues 179–183 of β3. In contrast, several nonligand-mimetic antibodies (e.g. 7E3) recognize single epitopes in either subunit. Thus, binding to several discontinuous sites in both subunits is unique to ligand-mimetic antibodies. Interestingly, these binding sites overlap with several (but not all) of the sequences that have been reported to be critical for fibrinogen binding (e.g. N-terminal repeats 2–3 but not repeats 4–7, of αIIb). These results suggest that ligand-mimetic antibodies and probably native ligands may make direct contact with these discontinuous binding sites in both subunits, which may constitute a ligand-binding pocket.
Causality in Databases

Provenance is often used to validate data, by verifying its origin and explaining its derivation. When searching for “causes” of tuples in the query results or in general observations, the analysis of lineage becomes an essential tool for providing such justifications. However, lineage can quickly grow very large, limiting its immediate use for providing intuitive explanations to the user. The formal notion of causality is a more refined concept that identifies causes for observations based on user-defined criteria, and that assigns to them gradual degrees of responsibility based on their respective contributions. In this paper, we initiate a discussion on causality in databases, give some simple definitions, and motivate this formalism through a number of example applications.
To Buy or Not to Buy: Who are Political Consumers? What do they Think and How Do they Participate?

Political consumerism has recently generated academic interest among political participation researchers. While some scholars underscore political consumerism as an emerging civic and political engagement, others discredit its democratic potentials. Drawing on two national survey samples in 2002 that measured both boycotting and ‘buycotting’, this study examines political consumers' demographic backgrounds, socio-political attitudes, issue orientations and their status of civic and political participation. Findings suggest that: (1) boycotters and buycotters should be distinguished because their demographic backgrounds are substantially different; (2) political consumers possess post-material values and are mainly interested in lifestyle-oriented social issues; and (3) political consumers are more active political participants. Theoretical implications of the findings and an agenda for future studies are also discussed.
Characterization of Ceramic Composite Materials Using Terahertz Non-Destructive Evaluation Techniques

The characterization of defects such as rust, voids, etc. on materials and the analysis and prediction of strain and stress induced breakdown are well known applications of non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. THz radiation has been suggested as an effective NDE tool for use in the field of ceramics and ceramic matrix composite materials (CMC), via THz spectroscopy and imaging. The goal of this research is to monitor the progression of thermal and mechanical damage applied to the CMC materials using terahertz spectroscopic imaging in order to create a predictive model that will correlate THz imaging data of these materials to environmental stress exposure.
Harmonizing Choice-of-Law Rules for International Insolvency Cases: Virtual Territoriality, Virtual Universalism, and the Problem of Local Interests

This paper explores the potential content and feasibility of a set of harmonized choice of law rules (HICOL Rules) that would apply in insolvency proceedings. It contemplates a main insolvency proceeding opened in a debtor’s center of main interests (“COMI”) and the existence of (or possibility of opening) one or more non-main (or secondary) proceedings. It also contemplates the possibility that an insolvency representative in a main or non-main proceeding may seek and be granted recognition in another state under the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency (codified as Chapter 15 of the Bankruptcy Code in the U.S.) Under HICOL Rules, as to any given issue of insolvency law and as it may relate to any particular asset, the same rule of insolvency law would apply regardless of whether the matter is addressed by the court in a debtor’s main proceeding, in a non-main proceeding, or in another forum. HICOL Rules could accommodate the application in a main proceeding of the insolvency law of a jurisdiction other than the COMI (virtual territorialism) and the application in a non-main proceeding of the insolvency law of the COMI (virtual universalism). The HICOL Rules proposed here would embrace the baseline rule that the insolvency law of the COMI applies to a debtor and its assets, wherever located. However, the HICOL Rules would respect appropriate local interests by applying the insolvency law of another jurisdiction to certain assets located in that jurisdiction. In general, under these HICOL Rules the non-COMI insolvency law would apply only to assets related to an establishment of the debtor located outside the COMI. However, even as to those establishment-related assets, the reorganization or rehabilitation provisions of the COMI insolvency law would apply. Finally, in addition to its focus on establishment-related assets as a general proxy for the identification of local interests, the paper offers some tentative suggestions relating to other issues that comprehensive HICOL Rules should address. These include the additional (and sensitive) issues concerning in rem rights, such as security interests and real property (immovables), setoff, reciprocal (i.e., executory) contracts, and employment contacts.
Abnormally large momentum loss in charge pickup by 900-MeV/nucleon Au nuclei.

Using a thin stack of glass detectors to measure $\frac{Z}{\ensuremath{\beta}}$ of forward-projected fast fragments from interactions of 900-MeV/nucleon $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ nuclei, we measure a cross section of 35 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 8 mb for charge pickup ($\ensuremath{\Delta}Z=+1$) from Au to Hg, and we infer a mean velocity downshift $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{-}0.004$ and a mean momentum downshift $\ensuremath{\delta}{p}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{-}6$ GeV/c for Au to Hg, 2 orders of magnitude larger than observed for charge pickup by light nuclei. Implications of this result are discussed.
Rapid solidification of aluminum-rich AlV alloys

Rapidly solidified microstructures and phases of the aluminum-rich AlV binaries were investigated in splat-quenched material. The terminal solid solubility extension of vanadium in aluminum was determined and identifications were made for the phases including the icosahedral phase present in the AlxV (0 at.% < x < 24 at.%) splats. An attempt was made to explain the formation of various phases using the phase diagram.
School Start Time Change: An In‐Depth Examination of School Districts in the United States

In response to the scientific evidence documenting both profound developmental changes in sleep and circadian biology during adolescence and the myriad of negative health, performance, and safety outcomes risks associated with chronic sleep loss, at least 70 public school districts in the United States, representing approximately 1,000 schools, have successfully implemented a delay in high school start times. However, despite the compelling evidence supporting school start time change as a key strategy in addressing the epidemic of adolescent sleep loss, many school districts across the country with early high school start times have not considered the option to implement later bell schedules for adolescents. Moreover, while the current scientific literature has clearly documented the positive outcomes associated with delayed high school start times, these studies contain limited information regarding the process by which school districts consider, approve and implement bell schedule changes. Thus, this in-depth examination of those school districts that have been successful in changing their bell schedules is intended to support the efforts of other districts in various stages of contemplating this measure. We utilized a multi-pronged approach (literature review, case studies, telephone interviews, online survey) to summarize the experiences of school districts across the United States in regard to challenges faced, strategies employed, and lessons learned in the hope that this information will be a useful tool for other school districts looking to chart a course forward to promote the health, safety, and academic opportunities of their students.
Volcanic ash plume identification using polarization lidar: Augustine eruption, Alaska

[1] During mid January to early February 2006, a series of explosive eruptions occurred at the Augustine volcanic island off the southern coast of Alaska. By early February a plume of volcanic ash was transported northward into the interior of Alaska. Satellite imagery and Puff volcanic ash transport model predictions confirm that the aerosol plume passed over a polarization lidar (0.694 μm wavelength) site at the Arctic Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. For the first time, lidar linear depolarization ratios of 0.10–0.15 were measured in a fresh tropospheric volcanic plume, demonstrating that the nonspherical glass and mineral particles typical of volcanic eruptions generate strong laser depolarization. Thus, polarization lidars can identify the volcanic ash plumes that pose a threat to jet air traffic from the ground, aircraft, or potentially from Earth orbit.
Borrowing from the Platypus: Proline Substitution in Cardiac Troponin I

166 million years ago, egg-laying mammals branched off the evolutionary tree from their viviparous counterparts to give rise to the modern order Monotremata. There are only five extant monotremes, the platypus and four species of echidna; consequently the platypus represents a unique divergence in mammalian evolution. We investigated whether unique adaptations in cardiac sarcomere arising in these species confer physiological performance advantages. The heterotrimeric cardiac troponin complex (cTn) is a key regulator of contractile events, and confers calcium-sensitivity to the sarcomere. During ischemic-injury, protons accumulate in the myoplasm and acidify the sarcomere, resulting in markedly reduced calcium-sensitivity. Unlike its adult counterpart, force generation in fetal cardiac tissue is uniquely pH-insensitive. Replacement of the adult cardiac troponin I isoform (cTnI) with the fetal isoform (ssTnI) renders adult cardiac tissue relatively insensitive to acidification. Alignment and function studies have revealed that this insensitivity is derived almost exclusively from the histidine at position 132 in ssTnI. Substitution of histidine at the cognate position 164 in cTnI confers the same pH insensitivity to adult tissue. TNNI3, the gene encoding for cTnI, encodes for an alanine at position 164 in all known mammals, except the Platypus whose TNNI3 encodes for a proline. Prolines are biophysically intriguing due their helix-breaking nature; position 164 occurs in helix 4 of TnI, an important motif belonging to the critical switch region of cTnI. MD simulations of the cTnI switch region interaction with the N-terminal domain of troponin C provide evidence of a conformational change in this region that may play a role in how the switch region interacts with troponin C. The functional and biophysical consequences of a cTnI-A164P replacement in the context of isolated myocytes by acute gene transfer as well as molecular dynamics simulations will be discussed.
Constitutive Behavior of SAC Leadfree Alloys at High Strain Rates

Electronic products are subjected to high G-levels during mechanical shock and vibration. Failure-modes include solder-joint failures, pad cratering, chip-cracking, copper trace fracture, and underfill fillet failures. The second-level interconnects may be experience high-strain rates and accrue damage during repetitive exposure to mechanical shock. Industry migration to leadfree solders has resulted in proliferation of a wide variety of solder alloy compositions. Few of the popular tin-silver-copper alloys include Sn1Ag0.5Cu and Sn3Ag0.5Cu. The high strain rate properties of leadfree solder alloys are scarce. Typical material tests systems are not well suited for measurement of high strain rates typical of mechanical shock. Previously, high strain rates techniques such as the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) can be used for strain rates of 1000 per sec. However, measurement of materials at strain rates of 1–100 per sec which are typical of mechanical shock is difficult to address. In this paper, a new test-technique developed by the authors has been presented for measurement of material constitutive behavior. The instrument enables attaining strain rates in the neighborhood of 1 to 100 per sec. High speed cameras operating at 300,000 fps have been used in conjunction with digital image correlation for the measurement of full-field strain during the test. Constancy of cross-head velocity has been demonstrated during the test from the unloaded state to the specimen failure. Solder alloy constitutive behavior has been measured for SAC105, and SAC305 solders. Constitutive model has been fit to the material data. Samples have been tested at various time under thermal aging at 25°C and 125°C. The constitutive model has been embedded into an explicit finite element framework for the purpose of life-prediction of leadfree interconnects. Test assemblies has been fabricated and tested under JEDEC JESD22-B111 specified condition for mechanical shock. Model predictions have been correlated with experimental data.© 2011 ASME
Salvage coronary angioplasty for symptoms refractory to medical therapy

Coronary angioplasty was used without surgical back-up in eight patients with angina refractory to medical therapy. After careful evaluation, none of these patients was felt to be a candidate for elective or emergent bypass surgery. Angioplasty provided a reasonable means of coronary revascularization. In each patient, extenuating clinical circumstances and reduced left ventricular function led to this approach. Angioplasty was angiographically and clinically successful in each patient.
HOW COMPLETE ARE ASTROPHYSICAL CATALOGS FOR THE MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER SPECTRAL REGION

With the growth in sensitivity and angular resolution of millimeter and submillimeter telescopes, the number of unidentified molecular spectral lines in surveys of the interstellar medium has grown rapidly. While some of these unidentified lines are due to as yet unidentified astrophysical species, it is the general consensus that most are due to lines from a limited number of well-known interstellar species, the interstellar weeds. These unidentified lines do not appear in astrophysical line catalogs, which are based on quantum mechanical models and are incomplete primarily because of the difficulty of performing the usual bootstrap assignment and analysis process in their often highly perturbed low-lying vibrational states. To address this problem, we have proposed and demonstrated an alternative catalog approach that is based on the analysis of intensity-calibrated spectra taken over a range of temperatures in the laboratory. These analyses also make it possible to quantitatively address the astrophysical completeness of existing catalogs. In this Letter, we use extensive new experimental data in the 210-270 GHz window to address this question for eight molecules that are considered to be the leading candidates for astronomical weeds—methyl formate, methanol, dimethyl ether, acetaldehyde, sulfur dioxide, methyl cyanide, vinyl cyanide, and ethyl cyanide. Additionally, for each of the eight molecules, we use these results and knowledge of the molecular vibrational/torsional energy levels to predict completeness as a function of astronomical source temperature.
The Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act

In 2000, Congress passed the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act (EEOICPA). EEOICPA provides compensation to employees of government-owned, contractor-operated facilities in the nuclear weapons complex. Employees of private-sector firms that had contracts with the federal government during the Cold War era may also be covered. EEOICPA establishes presumptive criteria for chronic beryllium disease and silicosis. Most radiation-related cancer claims are evaluated using historical dose reconstruction techniques, in conjunction with the concept of the “probability of causation.” Recent amendments to EEOICPA broaden coverage for illnesses in which exposure to toxic substances was a “significant factor in aggravating, contributing to or causing the illness.” Claims are paid from a federal trust fund, which obviates the need for annual congressional appropriations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative Muscle Activation Patterns of Healthy Control Limbs and Contralateral Limbs in ACL Reconstruction

ACL reconstruction (ACLr) has been found to restore the functionality and mobility of those afflicted with ACL tears. In the process of this restoration, previous work has shown alterations in the activity of the musculature surrounding the reconstructed knee [1]. Specifically, at 5 months post-op, the gastrocnemius, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris demonstrate significantly different activation patterns. These differences raise the question if the reconstructed leg is the only limb affected by ACLr.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Effective Feedback on Written Assignments

The goal of feedback on papers is assumed to be the improvement of future drafts and the improvement of the writing ability of the student. The specificity of comments is a critical variable in providing effective feedback. Comments on student papers should be specific enough to guide students when editing their work, but not so specific that they simply implement the instructor's suggestions. Instructors should minimize corrections of mechanical errors; comments should form a hierarchy of importance that students can easily discern.
Failure criteria for fusion-reactor first-wall structural design

Abstract The fusion reactor first walls will be operated under severe conditions, i. e., high temperature and high radiation damage conditions. Because of the demanding conditions in which they must operate, fusion first walls can fail by various modes. Structural design rules are presented to guard against four major possible modes of failure; excessive deformation, cyclic damage at elevated temperature, propagation of flaws and radiation damage. Lifetime calculations of fusion first walls based on these design rules are presented to demonstrate the application of these rules.
The 3′-terminal sequence of mitochondrial 13S ribosomal RNA

We have examined the 3'-terminal sequence of the "small" structural ribosomal RNA ("13S") of hamster cell mitochondria, using a procedure involving [3H]isoniazide labeling of samples subjected to sequential periodate oxidation and beta-elimination. The terminus was found to be PyUAUUAOH, which is similar, but not identical, to the corresponding terminus of eukaryotic cytoplasmic 18S rRNA.
Unified Theory of Absorption Chromatography: Gas, Liquid, and Supercritical Fluid Mobile Phases

Abstract Based on a simple theoretical model which exploits the isomorphism pervading critical phenomena, a general equation is derived for the solute capacity factor, k′, in a chromatographic system where the stationary phase is an absorbent and the mobile-phase fluid may be an ideal gas, moderately nonideal gas, supercritical fluid or liquid. This comprehensive equation is in the form 2nk′ = 2nk′o + F(TR, ρR), where TR and ρR are the reduced temperature and reduced density of the mobile phase and where 2nk'o, the stationary-phase contribution, corresponds to ideal gas-liquid chromatography (ρR = 0) and F(TR, ρR), the mobile-phase contribution (eqn. 14), is a quadratic function of [sgrave]R and a linear function of TR -1 and solute carbon number (homologous solute series). The limitations and advantages, molecular interpretation, predictions, practical implications and applications, and general utility of this unified theory are discussed, with special emphasis on supercritical fluid chromatography (and ...
The Workshop Program: Demonstrating the Value of the Language Laboratory

Author's summary.— THE WORK SHOP was established by the writer at Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, Alabama at the beginning of the school year 1943–44. Its purpose is to supplement and activate the program of language teaching. Its founding has been justified by proving the truth of its slogan: “It brings languages to life because it brings life to languages!”
Role of the zebrafish trilobite locus in gastrulation movements of convergence and extension.

Summary: Convergence and extension are gastrulation movements that participate in the establishment of the vertebrate body plan. Using new methods for quantifying convergence and extension movements of cell groups, we demonstrate that in wild-type embryos, dorsal convergence of lateral cells is initially slow, but speeds up between the end of the gastrula period and early segmentation. Convergence and extension movements of lateral cells in trilobite mutants are normal during the gastrula period but reduced by early segmentation. Morphometric studies revealed that during epiboly wild-type gastrulae become ovoid, whereas trilobite embryos remain rounder. By segmentation, trilobite embryos exhibit shorter, broader embryonic axes. The timing of these morphological defects correlates well with impaired cell movements, suggesting reduced convergence and extension are the main defects underlying the trilobite phenotype. Our gene expression, genetic, and fate mapping analyses show the trilobite mutation affects movements without altering dorsoventral patterning or cell fates. We propose that trilobite function is required for cell properties that promote increased speed of converging cells and extension movements in the dorsal regions of the zebrafish gastrula. genesis 27:159–173, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
De-choicing of elections: July 1940 in Estonia

D E - C H O I C I N G OF E L E C T I O N S : J U L Y 1940 I N E S T O N I A Rein Taagepera, University of California, Irvine Elections without a choice of candidates have been practiced by many regimes, right and left. The Soviet-organized elections in Estonia in July 1940 offer an extra feature of starting out as multi-candidate elections in a polity used to elections with some choice, but ending with only one can- didate to choose from by the time the polls opened. The procedure through which the elections were gradually de-choiced was at times quite complex and confused. Democratic traditions yielded to the pressure of overwhelm- ing foreign force peacefully, yet tenaciously defending every step in the elec ~ toral procedure. The supplementary Soviet army contingents {to use a standard Soviet expression) ~ had entered Estonia on 17 June. During the 14-15 July elections they were guarding the ballot boxes and offering rides in Soviet army trucks to those voters who otherwise felt too sick to go and cast a vote for the single candidate left on the ballot. 2 The elections in a still formally sovereign and separate state involved outside armed forces as electoral workers. Documentary evidence regarding the July 1940 elections has been one- sided since the archives have remained under Soviet control a Most of the information published in the West has been based on eyewitness and par- ticipant accounts 4 which by no means should be haughtily and pedantical- ly discounted, but which should be complemented with documentary evidence whenever possible. In fact, an important collection of election documents exists, but has largely remained unpublished, untranslated, and unused, with a few exceptions, s It is the purpose of this article to present translations of this collection {in the Appendix}, to summarize their con- tent, and to comment briefly on their meaning and on their agreement or disagreement with the Soviet version of history. How did this collection come about? Soviet control of Estonian archives was interrupted by the German occupation, 1941-1944. Contemptuous of JBS, VoL )(IV, No. 3 (Fall 1983)
Effects of surgical trauma and cardiopulmonary bypass on active thrombin concentrations and the rate of thrombin inhibition in vivo.

The in vivo concentration of active thrombin and the second-order rate constant for the inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin (kinh) were estimated in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary b
Perceptual Evaluation of Voice Quality

The reliability of listeners’ ratings of voice quality is a central issue in voice research because of the clinical primacy of such ratings and because they are the standard against which other mea...
Podcasting made simple

The University of Southern California started a Technology Enhanced Learning initiative in the 2005-06 academic year. In response, two faculty teaching two different courses in the School of Social Work experimented with podcasting as a way of supplementing classroom lectures. In the Spring 2006 semester they used digital recorders to capture their lectures. The recording device -- which connected to a computer via a built-in USB connector -- produced ".WMA" files. The files were edited and converted to ".MP3" files and then posted in two places -- into the respective courses' Blackboard section and on a school web server. Students used the podcasts and other materials for review. This paper will outline the experiences of the faculty and what the School's IT organization did to support the experiment. The presentation will include a live demonstration, including posting to a server if a network connection is available.
Women's health centers: are the National Centers of Excellence in Women's Health a new model?

Abstract This paper describes the characteristics of the clinical centers of the first 12 National Centers of Excellence (CoE) in Women’s Health, designated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office on Women’s Health between 1996 and 1997. These centers are compared with 56 hospital-sponsored primary care women’s health centers identified in the 1994 National Survey of Women’s Health Centers, the only source of nationally representative data on primary care women’s health centers. While analysis demonstrates that some organizational and clinical attributes of primary care women’s health centers were in evidence before the CoE program was initiated, the CoE centers demonstrate further integration of clinical services with research and medical training in women’s health, and the delivery of services to a more diverse population of women.