cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unique Occupational Hazards of Alaska: Animal-Related Injuries☆

Objective During 1992–2000, an average of 40 fatal occupational injuries and 12 400 nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses related to animals were recorded each year in the United States, most involving domestic farm animals. Although Alaska has a relatively small farming industry, it supports several industries that require workers to regularly be in contact with animals. This study examines the pattern and characteristics of animal-related occupational injuries in Alaska. Methods Two data sources were accessed: the Alaska Trauma Registry for nonfatal injuries requiring hospitalization and the Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System for fatal injuries. The case definition included events in which the source of the injury was an animal or animal product ( Occupational Injury and Illness Classification Manual source code 51). Results In Alaska during 1991–2000, there were 43 animal-related occupational injuries requiring hospitalization and 25 animal-related fatalities. There were only 2 fatal events: 1 bird-strike aircraft accident killing 24 military personnel and 1 bear attack. The majority of the nonfatal injury events were related to marine wildlife ( n =20), with the rest related to either domesticated ( n =11) or nondomesticated ( n =12) mammals. Of events reporting a hospital charge (23 of 43), the average cost was over $9700 per person. Conclusions The catastrophic aircraft crash increased bird-control efforts near airports around the state. The nonfatal animal-related injuries have received less notice, although they result in thousands of dollars in hospital costs and lost workdays. Fishing-industry workers in particular should be made aware of potential injuries and educated on how to treat them when away from definitive medical care.
Clinical efficiency of 2% chlorhexidine gel in reducing intracanal bacteria.

This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel on intracanal bacteria reduction during root canal instrumentation. The additional antibacterial effect of an intracanal dressing (Ca[OH]2 mixed with 2% CHX gel) was also assessed. Forty-three patients with apical periodontitis were recruited. Four patients with irreversible pulpitis were included as negative controls. Teeth were instrumented using rotary instruments and 2% CHX gel as the disinfectant. Bacterial samples were taken upon access (S1), after instrumentation (S2), and after 2 weeks of intracanal dressing (S3). Anaerobic culture was performed. Four samples showed no bacteria growth at S1, which were excluded from further analysis. Of the samples cultured positively at S1, 10.3% (4/39) and 8.3% (4/36) sampled bacteria at S2 and S3, respectively. A significant difference in the percentage of positive culture between S1 and S2 (p 0.001) but not between S2 and S3 (p 0.692) was found. These results suggest that 2% CHX gel is an effective root canal disinfectant and additional intracanal dressing did not significantly improve the bacteria reduction on the sampled root canals. (J Endod 2007;33:1283–1289)
Passive multi-modal sensors for the urban environment

The urban environment poses a great many obstacles for the modern soldier, from complex buildings and streets to unknown or hidden combatants and non-combatants. To provide improved situational awareness and short range protection, a variety of sensors and sensor systems are under investigation and development. In order to provide timely information from small, low-cost sensor systems, ARL has been investigating the use of passive multi-modal sensors for the individual soldier. These sensors will combine several different sensing modalities, and combine the information from these sensors at the sensor level. This will improve the sensors ability to discriminate targets, reduce false alarms and minimize the amount of information required to be transmitted to the user. In addition, passive sensors are inherently lower power and more covert than active systems. This report will detail the initial accomplishments, and present early data on several sensing modalities under investigation.
Bachillerato IMPA: Middle School Education for Adults at a Recovered Factory (Argentina 2003)

This chapter chronicles the emergence of Bachillerato IMPA, a middle school for youth and adults in a worker-owned factory in Argentina in the early 2000s. The story of this school is contextualized in the economic and political crisis created by the neoliberal policies of the 1990s that led to the closing and bankruptcy of many companies. IMPA, the factory that houses the school, was one of the many companies in the country “recovered” by its workers. Assisted by the National Movement of Recovered Companies and in collaboration with the Cooperativa de Educadores e Investigadores Populares, a cooperative of teachers and researchers, IMPA workers started a school to address the needs for formal education among the workers and in the community. The chapter focuses on the connections between the principles of the workers’ movement, the cooperative of teachers, and the school’s curriculum. It particularly emphasizes the school practices and pedagogy grounded in the principles shared by these organizations such as monthly assemblies as the main decision making site. The chapter also describes how the principles of self-management and horizontal relationships inform the organization of the school as a cooperative with no principal, and how solidarity defines instructional strategies and evaluation at the school.
Syncretic discourse markers in Kichwa-influenced Spanish: Transfer vs. emergence

In the Andean highlands of South America, the predominant indigenous language, Quechua, frequently produces phonetic and morphosyntactic effects on regional varieties of Spanish. Popular accounts of Quechua-influenced Spanish depict a picturesque jumble of mismatched vowels and erratic morphological agreement, while linguistic descriptions have concentrated on double possessives, O-V word order, and the overuse of gerunds. The underlying assumption is that Quechua-dominant bilinguals inconsistently mix Quechua-like configurations into their imperfectly acquired Spanish, while fluent Andean Spanish retains only slight traces of language contact. The present study draws on data from northern Ecuador, where Quechua-dominant bilinguals exhibit the beginnings of a hybrid morphological system based on two discourse markers that reflect the realities of both Spanish and Quechua: --ca (derived from the Quechua topicalizer -ka), and --tan (apparently derived from Spanish tambien ‘also’). An analysis of the Ecuadoran data reveals that --ca in Quechuainfluenced Spanish often signals topic (assumed information) much as in Quechua. It is also postulated that --ca has its origin in non-fluent bilinguals’ incomplete suppression of Kichwa grammar when producing Spanish. The Ecuadoran data also suggest that -tan has developed into a syncretic marker combining reflexes of Kichwa --pash ‘also, even’ and the validator --mi, variably indicating focus and/or evidentiality as well as embodying innovative characteristics not directly derivable from Quechua sources. Data from a (Quechuainfluenced) Spanish-to-Quechua translation task are used to further explore possible Kichwa sources for --ca and -tan. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Pattern recognition in self-assembly

A common conceptual premise is shared by recognition of chemically patterned surface patches by isolated macromolecules and the self-assembly of diblock copolymer melts and polymer alloys at patterned interfaces. The past year has seen both conceptual and experimental advances in fabricating self-assemblies in a controlled way. These two processes are essential for successful fabrication of materials of order over many length scales.
An overlooked aspect of the wind-driven oceanic circulation

The wind-driven circulation of a simple model of the oceanic circulation (linear and homogeneous) is investigated in detail to delineate the role of the Ekman layer mass flux in driving hitherto overlooked components of the oceanic circulation.The role of upwelling boundary-layer regions in driving interior geostrophic circulations is discussed in detail. Several interesting circulations hidden in the earlier transport theories are described.
Geology of a Miocene collision complex, Buton, eastern Indonesia

The island of Buton in eastern Indonesia is part of a Neogene collision zone that encompasses much of the eastern margin of Sulawesi. Miocene collision of microcontinents with a west-dipping subduction zone emplaced the Tukang Besi platform (TBP) against Buton, and the Sula platform (SP) against the East Arm of Sulawesi, and thrust large ophiolite sheets eastward over the imbricated margins of the platforms. Reconnaissance observations of the resulting collision complex in Buton (Wolio Complex) indicate that imbricate west-dipping thrust sheets and overturned folds are the predominant structural element, although later steep faults offset the imbricate stack and largely control present map patterns. The Wolio Complex consists of the sedimentary Turumbia sequence, peridotite, and two distinct groups of metamorphic rocks. The Turumbia sequence makes up most of the eastern part of the Wolio Complex and consists mostly of deep-water limestone ranging in age from Late Triassic through late Eocene or Oligocene. It is interpreted as a deep-water facies of the western TBP margin. Ophiolitic rocks are represented in present outcrop only by massive peridotite in the western part of the Wolio Complex, but the compositions of clasts in conglomerates overlying the Wolio Complex indicate that a full ophiolite succession was exposed to erosion during the collision. Metabasite and metachert ranging in grade from greenschist to amphibolite facies are found locally in fault contact with peridotite and are interpreted as the remnants of a metamorphic sole developed at the base of the ophiolite. Pelitic phyllite and quartzite in northeastern Buton probably represent a slice of the continental basement of the TBP, for similar rocks have been dredged from the northeast margin of the TBP and also form the pre-Mesozoic basement of the SP. The middle to upper Miocene Tondo Formation in Buton consists of clastic strata derived from uplift and erosion of the Wolio Complex, placing an upper limit on the age of TBP collision. We infer a middle Miocene time of collision, with oblique convergence continuing into late Miocene time. In contrast, sparse biostratigraphic data place the age of the SP-East Arm collision in the late Miocene. Separate microcontinents may have collided successively with different parts of the Buton-Sulawesi convergent margin, or a single large microcontinent may have been fragmented during oblique collision.
Temporal expression of the human alcohol dehydrogenase gene family during liver development correlates with differential promoter activation by hepatocyte nuclear factor 1, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha, liver activator protein, and D-element-binding protein.

The human class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene family consists of ADH1, ADH2, and ADH3, which are sequentially activated in early fetal, late fetal, and postnatal liver, respectively. Analysis of ADH promoters revealed differential activation by several factors previously shown to control liver transcription. In cotransfection assays, the ADH1 promoter, but not the ADH2 or ADH3 promoter, was shown to respond to hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF-1), which has previously been shown to regulate transcription in early liver development. The ADH2 promoter, but not the ADH1 or ADH3 promoter, was shown to respond to CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBP alpha), a transcription factor particularly active during late fetal liver and early postnatal liver development. The ADH1, ADH2, and ADH3 promoters all responded to the liver transcription factors liver activator protein (LAP) and D-element-binding protein (DBP), which are most active in postnatal liver. For all three promoters, the activation by LAP or DBP was higher than that seen by HNF-1 or C/EBP alpha, and a significant synergism between C/EBP alpha and LAP was noticed for the ADH2 and ADH3 promoters when both factors were simultaneously cotransfected. A hierarchy of ADH promoter responsiveness to C/EBP alpha and LAP homo- and heterodimers is suggested. In all three ADH genes, LAP bound to the same four sites previously reported for C/EBP alpha (i.e., -160, -120, -40, and -20 bp), but DBP bound strongly only to the site located at -40 bp relative to the transcriptional start. Mutational analysis of ADH2 indicated that the -40 bp element accounts for most of the promoter regulation by the bZIP factors analyzed. These studies suggest that HNF-1 and C/EBP alpha help establish ADH gene family transcription in fetal liver and that LAP and DBP help maintain high-level ADH gene family transcription in postnatal liver.
Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating

To understand the endogenous components of the event-related brain potential (ERP), we must use data about the components' antecedent conditions to form hypotheses about the information-processing function of the underlying brain activity. These hypotheses, in turn, generate testable predictions about the consequences of the component. We review the application of this approach to the analysis of the P300 component. The amplitude of the P300 is controlled multiplicatively by the subjective probability and the task relevance of the eliciting events, whereas its latency depends on the duration of stimulus evaluation. These and other factors suggest that the P300 is a manifestation of activity occurring whenever one's model of the environment must be revised. Tests of three predictions based on this “context updating” model are reviewed. Verleger's critique is based on a misconstrual of the model as well as a partial and misleading reading of the relevant literature.
Prevention of hypercalciuria and stone-forming propensity during prolonged bedrest by alendronate

The bone loss and hypercalciuria induced by immobilization or the decreased gravitational forces of space are well described. Using a model of bedrest immobilization, the ability of a potent aminobisphosphonate, alendronate, to avert hypercalciuria and stone-forming propensity was tested. Sixteen male subjects participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in which they received either 20 mg of alendronate or placebo 2 weeks prior to and during 3 weeks of strict bedrest. Parameters of bone and calcium metabolism and urinary crystallization of stone-forming salts were measured before and at the end of bedrest. In the placebo group, bedrest increased urinary calcium (209 +/- 47 to 267 +/- 60 mg/day, p < 0.01) and the saturation of calcium phosphate. Before bedrest, the alendronate group had a significantly lower serum calcium (8.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 9.6 +/- 0.5 mg/dl, p < 0.01) and higher serum PTH (62.4 +/- 33.1 vs. 23.1 +/- 7.5 pg/ml, p < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. Moreover, the alendronate group had a lower urinary calcium (75 +/- 41 mg/day) and saturation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. These effects of alendronate were sustained during bedrest. Following bedrest in the alendronate group, urinary calcium rose to 121 +/- 50 mg/day, a value less than that in the placebo group before or during bedrest. Similarly, urinary saturation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate rose with bedrest in the alendronate-treated patients but remained lower than values obtained in placebo-treated patients before or during bedrest. Alendronate inhibits bone mineral loss and averts the hypercalciuria and increased propensity for the crystallization of stone-forming calcium salts which occurs during 3 weeks of strict bedrest.
Mineralocorticoid hypertensive cardiovascular disease induced in hypophysectomized rats.

Reports in the literature to the contrary, hypertensive cardiovascular disease proved to be readily induced by desoxycorticosterone in hypophysectomized rats sensitized to steroid action by partial nephreetomy and high NaCl intake. In the absence of the pituitary, however, hypertension was somewhat slower in onset and progress. Although hypophysectomized animals were able to develop hypertension as severely as did intact animals, they were not, as judged by their better survival and less evident cardiorenal vascular lesions, as severely injured thereby. Contrasted with their exuberant development in hypertensive intact animals, renal lesions in hypertensive hypophysectomized animals were rare. Necrotizing arteritis in the heart was seen in about half of the hypox animals, and periarteritis nodosa of pancreatic and mesenteric arteries was more widespread and severe than in similarly treated intact animals which had, however, died earlier. Steroid treated animals bearing pituitary autotransplants beneath th...
Sonographically guided transvaginal or transrectal pelvic abscess drainage using the trocar method with a new drainage guide attachment.

OBJECTIVE. In this article, we describe a drainage guide attachment that allows trocar catheter placement for abscess drainage using the transvaginal or endorectal route under sonographic control. This drainage guide attachment has a central groove for catheter placement and a removable cover. Thus, the cover may be removed after catheter placement to allow the catheter to stay in place while the rest of the drainage guide attachment and the ultrasound probe are removed from the patient.CONCLUSION. Our findings indicate that a new sonography drainage guide attachment can be used for endorectal or endovaginal trocar catheter drainage of pelvic abscesses.
Metabolites of 2,4′,5-trichlorobiphenyl in rats

Nineteen metabolites of 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl were isolated from rat urine, faeces and bile. These metabolites resulted from one or more of the following transformations: dechlorination, hydroxylation, thiolation, methylthiolation, methylthio oxidation, dihydrodiol formation, mercapturic acid formation and conjugation with glucuronic acid. Mercapturic acid-pathway metabolites were the major metabolites in the bile. Methylthio-, methylsulphinyl- and methylsulphonyl-containing metabolites were the major metabolites in the faeces of control rats. A synthetic pathway for the preparation of sulphur-containing metabolites of trichlorobiphenyl is described.
New relationships in operator-based backward motion compensation

The transmission and storage of digital video at reduced bit rates requires a source coding scheme, which generally contains motion compensated prediction as an essential part. The class of motion estimation algorithms known as backward methods have the advantage of dense motion field sampling, and in coding applications the decoder needs no motion information from the coder. In this paper, we first present an overview of operator based motion compensators with interpolative and non-interpolative kernels. We then proceed with two new results. The first offers a new perspective on the classical pel-recursive methods; one that exposes the weaknesses of traditional approaches and offers an explanation for the improved performance of operator-based algorithms. The second result introduces a minimum norm intra-frame operator and establishes an equivalence relationship between this and the original (least squares) operator. This equivalence induces interesting duality properties that, in addition to offering insights into operator-based motion estimators, can be used to relax either the maximum needed computational power or the frame buffer length.
Distinctions in the specificity of E2F function revealed by gene expression signatures

The E2F family of transcription factors provides essential activities for coordinating the control of cellular proliferation and cell fate. Both E2F1 and E2F3 proteins have been shown to be particularly important for cell proliferation, whereas the E2F1 protein has the capacity to promote apoptosis. To explore the basis for this specificity of function, we used DNA microarray analysis to probe for the distinctions in the two E2F activities. Gene expression profiles that distinguish either E2F1- or E2F3-expressing cells from quiescent cells are enriched in genes encoding cell cycle and DNA replication activities, consistent with many past studies. E2F1 profile is also enriched in genes known to function in apoptosis. We also identified patterns of gene expression that specifically differentiate the activity of E2F1 and E2F3; this profile is enriched in genes known to function in mitosis. The specificity of E2F function has been attributed to protein interactions mediated by the marked box domain, and we now show that chimeric E2F proteins generate expression signatures that reflect the origin of the marked box, thus linking the biochemical mechanism for specificity of function with specificity of gene activation.
THE FIRST RECORD OF CANCELLOCERAS (EARLY PENNSYLVANIAN AMMONOIDEA) FROM SOUTHERN NEVADA: IMPLICATIONS FOR TIMING OF REGIONAL MID-CARBONIFEROUS SEA-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS

IN 1988, the presence of an Early Pennsylvanian ammonoid assemblage within the basal meter of the Callville Formation (Pennsylvanian-Permian), eastern Clark County, Nevada, was brought to the attention of the author by Stephen M. Rowland, University of Nevada-Las Vegas. The ammonoids occur in the Frenchman Mountain section described by Rowland (1987) for the Geological Society of America's Decade of North American Geology (DNAG) field trip compendium. The mid-Carboniferous section at this locality (Figure 1) was discussed in two other field trip guides as well (Langenheim and Webster, 1979; Webster et al., 1984). No ammonoids have been reported previously from this locality. Although this is the first record of Cancelloceras from the Great Basin region, the assemblage also provides a narrowly constrained age for the basal part of the Callville Formation at Frenchman Mountain, which in turn, dates the initiation of carbonate deposition following a major mid-Carboniferous hiatus in the southern Great Basin. The upper part of the Monte Cristo, the Indian Springs, and the lower part of the Callville formations are well-exposed at Frenchman Mountain in a steep, narrow valley striking approximately north-south. The floor of the valley is formed in the Indian Springs Formation, while the east and west slopes consist, respectively, of Callville and Monte Cristo outcrops (Rowland, 1987). The ammonoids occur in a seven-meter wide, 0.3 meter thick lens of oolitic, cortoid-rich grainstone exposed approximately one-third of the way up the valley in a radiotower access roadcut. In spite of the relative abundance of specimens, only a very small number could be freed from their hard matrix (living chambers and broken phragmocones are filled with sediment). Webster et al. (1984) concluded that the Indian Springs and lower part of the Callville formations were deposited in relatively shallow water on a cratonic platform. A high energy shoal environment for the ammonoid bed is indicated by the ooids and cortoids. Some of the shells show evidence of breakage prior to burial, and the ammonoid-bearing deposit probably represents a storm event or an accumulation of post-mortem strandings.
Production of recombineering substrates with standard-size PCR primers

Recombineering is a powerful method for DNA manipulation. It has advantages over restriction endonuclease-based methods and is usually rapid. Typically, recombineering uses long PCR primers (c. 65 bases), each of which contains a small region of target homology (c. 45 bases). We have developed a simple, albeit somewhat less rapid, strategy to create recombineering substrates that can use primers of ≤ 35 bases for all steps. The regions of homology can be several hundred base pairs in length to (1) increase the chance of obtaining the desired clone and/or (2) allow coliphage-based recombineering in some non-Escherichia coli bacteria. The method uses cloning techniques to construct a template for the generation of the recombineering substrate. Because the template is made from cloned DNA segments, the segments (including those for the homology regions) can be readily changed. During construction of the template plasmid, potential background transformants arising from the vector without insert are significantly reduced by cloning each segment with two restriction endonucleases that produce noncompatible ends. We have used this method to change the bla gene of pACYC177 to aadA, to add the MCS-lacZα region from pBBR1MCS to IncQ plasmid vectors, and to make an oriT(IncP) -aacC1 cassette and add it to a plasmid.
A Climatology of Polar Low Cyclogenetic Regions over the North Pacific Ocean

Abstract A climatology of polar low cyclogenesis in the North Pacific Ocean for seven winter seasons (November–March) is presented. The data are collected by the subjective interpretation of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) infrared imagery. The results demonstrate that, on average, the most active polar low cyclogenesis takes place in the western extratropical North Pacific, with the greatest rates of formation found just to the east of northern Japan; few polar lows form east of the date line. Agreeing with theory and earlier observations, comma clouds are by far the most common form of polar low in the North Pacific and spiraliforms are relatively rare. Intra-annual variability is explained by the seasonal cycle of the large scale ocean-atmosphere system, with early winter polar lows forming off the land or ice edge in the more northerly parts of the basin, and midseason cyclones forming southward and increasingly away from land as the circumpolar vortex expands. Late in the season, the ...
Assessing the Impact of Video-based Training on Laceration Repair: A Comparison to the Traditional Workshop Method.

Medical school curricula in the United States have been more recently focusing on the early integration of clinical sciences and clinical experiences into medical students’ pre-clinical years. For many medical students, the common mode of instruction for developing the procedural skill of laceration repair is largely from live workshop training requiring a significant amount of physical resources and physician time to train the students. This study compares the effectiveness of video-based learning (VBL) to traditional live workshop learning (LWL) on student laceration repair performance. Review of literature We performed a review of the literature with searches in PubMed such as video, suturing, medical education, learning, medical students and found several relevant articles published in the last 10 years. Several studies have investigated integrating video modules into medical curriculum and overall, findings have been controversial. One study aimed to identify willingness to learn from video modules in virtual patient encounters. A total of 120 students took a post-encounter survey with majority preferring text-based learning over video. However, the video modules were perceived to be more thorough and with higher detail. In a second study, third-year medical students used VBLs for their pediatrics rotation and video modules were statistically associated with higher recognition of principal symptoms, appropriate diagnosis and consistency between observed symptoms and diagnosis. No studies have been found that used video modules for suturing technique.
Episode of Care Payments in Total Joint Arthroplasty and Cost Minimization Strategies

Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is receiving significant attention in the US health care system for cost containment strategies. Specifically, payer organizations have embraced and are implementing bundled payment schemes in TJA. Consequently, hospitals and providers involved in the TJA care cycle have sought to adapt to the new financial pressures imposed by episode of care payment models by analyzing what components of the total "event" of a TJA are most essential to achieve a good outcome after TJA. As part of this review, we analyze and discuss a health economic study by Snow et al. As part of their study, the authors aimed to understand the association between preoperative physical therapy (PT) and post-acute care resource utilization, and its effect on the total cost of care during total joint arthroplasty. The purpose of this current review therefore is to (1) describe and analyze the findings presented by Snow et al. and (2) provide a framework for analyzing and critiquing economic analyses in orthopedic surgery. The study under review, while having important strengths, has several notable limitations that are important to keep in mind when making policy and coverage decisions. We support cautious interpretation and application of study results, and we encourage maintained attention to economic analysis in orthopedics as well as continued care path redesign to maximize value for patients and health care providers.
Beta-Gamma Directional Correlations in the Decay Sb 124 -->Te 124

We have measured the $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ directional correlations involving the 1.6-Mev $\ensuremath{\beta}$ group of ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{124}$ and the second excited ${2}^{+}$ state (at 1325 kev) of ${\mathrm{Te}}^{124}$. Both of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays (0.72 and 1.32 Mev) de-exciting this state were used. For the 0.72-Mev $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray, the results for the coefficient $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ in $W(\ensuremath{\theta})=1+\ensuremath{\epsilon}{P}_{2}(cos\ensuremath{\theta})$ are: $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=0.20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02, 0.18\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02, 0.19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03, \mathrm{and} 0.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$ for $\ensuremath{\beta}$ energies of 1.02, 1.16, 1.30, and 1.44\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07 Mev, respectively. For the 1.32-Mev $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray, we find $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=\ensuremath{-}0.28\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$ for a $\ensuremath{\beta}$-energy range of 1.0-1.6 Mev. From these results, the mixing ratio for the 0.72-Mev $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray is $\ensuremath{\delta}={{+0.8}_{\ensuremath{-}0.2}}^{+0.7}$. It is shown that the 1.6-Mev $\ensuremath{\beta}$ transition must be due, at least partly, to the ${B}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ matrix element. By assuming $u=x=0$ (in Kotani's notation), our data can be fitted by either $\frac{Y}{z}=0.04$ (i.e., an essentially unique transition), or $\frac{Y}{z}=1.2$. Evidence for the existence of a 1.25-Mev level in ${\mathrm{Te}}^{124}$ is also given.
The mite that jumped, the bee that traveled, the disease that followed

European honeybees are among the best-studied and most widely recognized insect species in the world. Originally kept for honey production, they have become the flagship species for pollination and large-scale agriculture. Since large colony losses were reported across the United States in 2006, researchers have investigated the myriad factors that contribute to the decline in honeybee populations. In particular, the aptly named Varroa destructor mite (see the photo) and the deformed wing virus (DWV) have been clearly linked to colony collapse ( 1 ). On page 594 of this issue, Wilfert et al. use a phylogeographic analysis to examine the evolutionary origin and mechanisms for the global spread of the DWV ( 2 ).
The Fire Next Time?: Ten Haunting Questions Cry Out for Answers and Redress

With a twentieth anniversary just around the corner, it's that awful deja vu time again when I , as one-time editor of the lone English voice of Koreatown, Korea Times Weekly, return to the fiery mob siege of the Los Angeles race riots. I was literally born again the ashes of the nation's first media-fanned minority vs. minority bogus race war. At a time of escalating drive-by gang wars, I got a donor's liver, a “perfect young liver” belonging to a local homicide victim. Korean American call the conflagration Sa-I-Gu (4-2-9 in native pronunciation) to commemorate the three days and four nights of firebombing, looting, and mayhem during which they watched their elusive American Dream go up in smoke in the City of Angels. Hear me out, the Children of Sa-I-Gu. Where were you when South Central L.A. and the adjoining Koreatown burned, choked and wailed? Wherever you were, you are all children of 4/29, young or old born here or there, all bound together by, and mocked by, our unacceptable palja(fate).
Activity Chamber and Computerized Data Acquisition System for Monitoring Crawling Insects

The combination of an insect activity chamber using interrupted infrared light beams and a microcomputer to monitor activity of a crawling insect, adult black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), is described. The microcomputer provides television screen monitoring of the weevil's location and time at each location, and transfers data to a cassette tape recorder.
Psychological impact of Roy-Newman comprehensive care model on prostate cancer patients with castration

Objective:To study the effect of Roy-Newman comprehensive model on quality of life and psychological status of prostate cancer patients after operation.Method:A total of 44 patients with prostate cancer during perioperative period were randomly divided into two groups.Observation group was treated with Roy-Newman comprehensive care model,and the control group was treated with conventional methods of care and health education intervention.Quality of life and psychological status were evaluated by questionnaire in the two groups.Results:The score of quality of life was significantly higher in the observation group than that in the control group(P0.05).The incidences of a number of psychological problems were significantly lower in the observation group than that in the control group,and the difference was significant(P0.05).Conclusions:Roy-Newman comprehensive model can effectively improve the psychological status and quality of life of patients with prostate cancer in perioperative period.
Enantiomeric Separation of Racemic 4-Aryl-1,4-Dihydropyridines and 4-Aryl-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrimidines on a Chiral Tetraproline Stationary Phase

The chromatographic chiral resolution of 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridines (1–32), 4-aryl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines (33–38), and 4-aryl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines (39–41) was studied on a tetraproline-immobilized chiral column synthesized in our lab. This tetraproline chiral stationary phase can resolve most of these compounds. The 4-aryl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines (33–38) and 4-aryl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines (39–41) were more efficiently resolved than the racemic 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridines on the tetraproline chiralstationary phase. Analytes with 5,5-dimethyl groups (39–41) were less efficiently resolved than analytes without 5,5-dimethyl substituents (1–16). The 4-aryl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines (39–41) without a sulfur atom were much more efficiently resolved than 4-aryl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines (33–38). No obvious electronic effects on the resolution of any of these analytes (1–41) were observed on the tetraproline chiral stationary phase. The tetraproline chiral stationary phase separated enantiomers mainly via hydrogen bonding interactions. Chirality, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The ‘imperfective’ in attributive clauses in Korean as a window into the evidential past and the metaphysical future

This article discusses the temporal interpretation of two attributive clause markers in Korean -te-un and -nu-un, which are standardly analyzed as carrying past imperfective and present imperfective meanings, respectively. I show that -te-un and -nu-un carry not only temporal but also modal/evidential meanings and they do so in ways hitherto unnoticed. I claim that -te-un presents an eventuality from a retrospective point of view, providing a window into what I call ‘an evidential past’, whereas -nu-un does so from a projective point of view, providing a window into what I call ‘a metaphysical future’. The findings of this paper suggest that the line between Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Evidentiality can be blurrier in some languages than in others, and that when interpreting attributive clauses, what is construed as the viewpoint holder and in which direction the viewpoint is headed relative to some temporal anchor may matter greatly.
Airborne Sensor Thermal Management Solution

The customer wants to outfit aircraft (de Havilland Twin Otter) with optical sensors. In previous product generations the sensor line-of-sight direction was fixed – the sensor’s direction relied on the orientation of the aircraft. The next generation sensor will be packaged in a rotatable turret so that the line-of-sight is reasonably independent of the aircraft’s orientation. This turret will be mounted on a boom protruding from the side of the aircraft. The customer wants to outfit aircraft (de Havilland Twin Otter) with optical sensors. In previous product generations the sensor line-of-sight direction was fixed – the sensor’s direction relied on the orientation of the aircraft. The next generation sensor will be packaged in a rotatable turret so that the line-of-sight is reasonably independent of the aircraft’s orientation. This turret will be mounted on a boom protruding from the side of the aircraft.
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence by Ku70.

Abstract 3613 Poster Board III-549 Genomic integrity is essential for organism development and longevity, and in large part is mediated by DNA repair proficiency. Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) is essential for DNA double-strand break repair in all cells and for VDJ processing in B and T cells. NHEJ is also critical for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and function, but the mechanisms by which the NHEJ pathway regulates HSC function are not known. Ku70 is a key component of NHEJ; Ku70-deficient mice are hypersensitive to radiation and show a leaky SCID phenotype. Previously we have shown that HSC from Ku70-deficient mice are defective in repopulation, self-renewal and competitive repopulation. Also, mice defective in other NHEJ components, Ku80 or ligase 4, display impaired HSC function and reduced HSC numbers during aging. Here we used Ku70-deficient mice to investigate the role of the NHEJ pathway in HSC function. Ku70-deficient mice show comparable HSC (Sca1+,c-Kit+,Lin-) frequency to Wild-type (WT) mice, and HSCs from Ku70-deficient mice display similar apoptosis rates as HSCs from WT mice. SKL cells from both Ku70-deficient and WT mice proliferate at similar rates in vitro in the presence of IL3, SCF, Flt3-L and Tpo. However, a greater percentage of HSCs from Ku70-deficient mice are actively cycling, and fewer are quiescent than those obtained from WT mice. Further, recipients of Ku70-deficient BM are more sensitive to 5-FU treatment than those receiving WT BM. In addition, WT HSCs efficiently replace endogenous Ku70-deficient HSCs when WT BM cells are transplanted into Ku70-deficient mice in the absence of any conditioning. Together, our data indicate that loss of quiescence in Ku70-deficient HSCs correlates with dramatic defects observed in repopulation, self-renewal and competitive repopulation. These results suggest that the NHEJ pathway, either through the processes of DNA repair and genome maintenance, or through a stress response signaling pathway, is critical for maintaining HSCs in a quiescent state, avoiding age-related physiological stress, and allowing functional stem cell transplantation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Hemothorax after Thoracentesis

A 65-year-old woman with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and renal failure was hospitalized for acute respiratory failure and bilateral pleural effusions. To rule out empyema, thoracentesis was performed. Hemothorax developed shortly after the procedure.
Unravelling the biology of SCLC: implications for therapy

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy associated with a poor prognosis. First-line treatment has remained unchanged for decades, and a paucity of effective treatment options exists for recurrent disease. Nonetheless, advances in our understanding of SCLC biology have led to the development of novel experimental therapies. Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have shown promise in preclinical models, and are under clinical investigation in combination with cytotoxic therapies and inhibitors of cell-cycle checkpoints.Preclinical data indicate that targeting of histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2, a regulator of chromatin remodelling implicated in acquired therapeutic resistance, might augment and prolong chemotherapy responses. High expression of the inhibitory Notch ligand Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3) in most SCLCs has been linked to expression of Achaete-scute homologue 1 (ASCL1; also known as ASH-1), a key transcription factor driving SCLC oncogenesis; encouraging preclinical and clinical activity has been demonstrated for an anti-DLL3-antibody-drug conjugate. The immune microenvironment of SCLC seems to be distinct from that of other solid tumours, with few tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and low levels of the immune-checkpoint protein programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). Nonetheless, immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors holds promise for patients with this disease, independent of PD-L1 status. Herein, we review the progress made in uncovering aspects of the biology of SCLC and its microenvironment that are defining new therapeutic strategies and offering renewed hope for patients.
If you brew it, who will come? Market segments in the U.S. beer market

This article uses data collected from a large number of representative United States beer drinkers to identify potential market segments through consumers' taste perceptions of various beer brands. We use several well-established marketing research methods to show that distinctive segments of the beer market underlie aggregate demand for craft beer. Using exploratory factor analysis, we find that consumers tend to group beers by two underlying factors of taste. We then use cluster analysis to provide a description of how market segments are influenced by brand familiarity. Overall, this article highlights consumer heterogeneity in the modern U.S. beer market and provides an example of how one might use primary data to analyze segmentation in a growing but highly competitive market. [EconLit citations: : C83, M3, Q1]
A Possible Solution for the Boltzmann Equation

Recently there has been an interest in utilizing recent advances in nonlinear partial differential equations solution methods, the equivalent description by stochastic calculus methods, and the state function level of information entropy to the solution of several nonlinear PDEs that are well known in application to problems of gases and fluids and regular to turbulent flow in physics. A recent reported solution has been to the Boltzmann equation. Previously advances were made in solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations of gaseous flow. In this article we derive a possible solution to the 3D Boltzmann equation utilizing transformation methods at the macroscopic functional level, the PDF distribution and stochastic differential equation level. The collision integrals are evaluated utilizing the hypothesis of semiclassical collisions and are obtained from a maximum entropy approach. The collision integral evaluated beyond the molecular chaos approximation, it is 'added' to the phase space variational principle and the Boltzmann equation is transformed to a Fokker-Planck equation which is solved by several known methods both for computational and mathematical analytical applications.
Dynamical Feedbacks between Population Growth and Sociopolitical Instability in Agrarian States

Most preindustrial states experienced recurrent waves of political collapse and internal warfare. One possible explanation of this pattern, the demographic-structural theory, suggests that population growth leads to state instability and breakdown, which in turn causes population decline. Mathematical models incorporating this mechanism predict sustained oscillations in demographic and political dynamics. Here I test these theoretical predictions with time-series data on population dynamics and sociopolitical instability in early modern England, the Han and Tang China, and the Roman Empire. Results suggest that population and instability are dynamically interrelated as predicted by the theory.
Real-time view of liquid-like screening and large polaron formation in lead halide perovskites

Because of their exceptional performance and ease of production, hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are excellent candidate materials for next-generation solar cells. Despite static and dynamic disorder, lead-halide based perovskites demonstrate remarkable optoelectronic properties that rival those of defect-free semiconductors. This unusual defect tolerance is responsible for several properties that make these perovskites promising next-generation solar cell materials, including long carrier lifetimes, long diffusion lengths, and low electron-hole recombination rates. These observations are consistent with a large polaron shielding model, in which dynamic screening of charge carriers minimizes scattering with longitudinal optical phonons, charged defects, and other charges [1]. In addition, the large polaron model also explains the presence of long-lived hot electrons observed in two-photon photoemission experiments of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 thin films and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements of CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 single crystals [2,3].
The Fifth Domain in the G-Quadruplex-Forming Sequence of the Human NEIL3 Promoter Locks DNA Folding in Response to Oxidative Damage.

DNA oxidation is an inevitable and usually detrimental process, but the cell is capable of reversing this state because the cell possesses a highly developed set of DNA repair machineries, including the DNA glycosylase NEIL3 that is encoded by the NEIL3 gene. In this work, the G-rich promoter region of the human NEIL3 gene was shown to fold into a dynamic G-quadruplex (G4) structure under nearly physiological conditions using spectroscopic techniques (e.g., nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism, fluorescence, and ultraviolet–visible) and DNA polymerase stop assays. The presence of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG) modified the properties of the NEIL3 G4 and entailed the recruitment of the fifth domain to function as a “spare tire”, in which an undamaged fifth G-track is swapped for the damaged section of the G4. The polymerase stop assay findings also revealed that owing to its dynamic polymorphism, the NEIL3 G4 is more readily bypassed by DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment) than well-known oncogene G...
Iliac Artery Chronic Total Occlusions

The abdominal aorta most commonly divides at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra into the two common iliac arteries. The common iliac artery then divides into the external iliac, internal iliac, and hypogastric arteries. The external iliac artery supplies the lower extremity, whereas the hypogastric artery supplies the buttock, viscera of the pelvis, the medial thigh, as well as either the uterus and vagina or the testicles and penis.
Applications: Proofs of Convergence

In this chapter, we apply the main techniques of Chapter 8 to examples from Chapters 2 and 3, and illustrate the flexibility and usefulness of the weak convergence approach. Sections 1 to 3 are concerned with function minimization, where the function is of the ergodic or average cost per unit time (over the infinite time interval) type. In such cases, one can only get estimates of derivatives over finite time intervals, and it needs to be shown that the averaging implicit in stochastic approximation yields the convergence of reasonable algorithms. In these sections, the results of Section 8.4 are applied to continuous time and discrete event dynamical systems that are of interest over a long time period. For example, one might wish to optimize or improve the average cost per unit time performance by sequentially adjusting the parameter θ. The variety of such applications and the literature connected with them are rapidly increasing. The examples will demonstrate the power of the basic ideas as well as the relative ease of using them in difficult problems. Section 1 is a general introduction to some of the key issues. The step sizes will generally be constant, but virtually the same conditions are needed for the case e n → 0.