cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Robert Hawes and the Millenium Press: A Political Micro-Culture of Late Eighteenth-Century Spitalfields

The micro-cultures of late eighteenth-century London are bewilder- ingly complex. The wider master narratives directed by perspectives such as those offered by Linda Colley or James Chandler, stressing patterns of conformities dictated by Protestant integration, or an apparently infinitely extendable “Spirit of the Age,” have promoted a fairly stratospheric and imperial view of history that is not much help at the level of ground- zero local contemporary culture. For example, unlikely though it may seem, London in 1789 accommodated at least two anti-Swedenborgian visionary authors who both worked in the city’s engraving trade. One of them was William Blake, the “mad” make-weight of respectable Romantic canonicity The other was William Bryan, a copper-plate printer, Society of Avignon illumine, receiver of visionary dictation and, with the ex-Swedenborgian carpenter John Wright, in later years a prominent follower of the prophet Richard Brothers. However finely they overlapped in 1789 by virtue of temporal location and common mentality, thereafter Blake’s and Bryan’s lives went in divergent directions. Whether we consider them marginal or central to their moment, both of them have to be regarded not only as symptomatic but also as constitutive of contemporary historical culture. Unfortunately, to adapt E. P. Thompson’s riposte to modern economic historians, they do not appear to have known they were only following the tram-lines of historical inevitability.3
Southern Chile's Archipelago of Chiloé: Shifting Identities in a New Economy

Resumen Este articulo examina la historia del Archipielago de Chiloe del sur de Chile. Se enfatizan los cambios economicos de los ultimos cuarenta anos, en particular el cambio del trabajo rural de subsistencia al trabajo asalariado, y el impacto que este ha tenido en como los islenos hablan de si mismos y de su cultura. El argumento de este articulo esta enmarcado en la literatura de identidad, sugiriendo una aproximacion conceptual de identidad que incorpora los elementos del esencialismo y del constructivismo. [Chile, globalizacion, historia, identidad]
ACCESS, USE AND REPAYMENT OF MICRO-CREDIT IN KERALA - AN ANALYSIS

Kerala is the South Asian leader in achievements in women's education and health, especially reproductive health. Nine out of every ten women can read and write and the State produces the largest number of women post-graduates in India. But, Kerala is a society where patriarchal values are so deep-rooted restraining involvement of women in social and political spheres. Acute unemployment among women makes the matters worse. While the total work participation increased during the last decade (Census 2001) in both urban and rural areas of the State, in the case of women, a reverse trend has set in. The female work participation rate decreased from 15.9 per cent in 1991 to 15.3 per cent in 2001 (2001 census). Moreover, poverty has become a serious evil both in the rural and urban subsets of the population of Kerala. Micro-credit programmes targeting women have been a welcome corrective to the above neglect of women's productive role. The present study can justify its significance on the ground that there is now mounting hope that micro-credit can be a large scale poverty alleviation tool and also an empowerment mechanism especially for the rural households. Moreover, in the present day specific situation of Kerala characterised by rampant unemployment, falling income from cultivation, agony experienced by the lease cultivators, escalating costs of health needs, increased education costs, and the steady withdrawal of State from public sphere, the entry of micro-credit was a safety valve in providing livelihood to the poor. Noticeably, banks and other financial institutions too are shedding their old reluctance to lend to the poor, and are looking to tap the expertise of micro-credit groups to create a new market. In this context, the present study is a pragmatic effort to review the characteristics of beneficiaries and to assess the access, use and repayment of micro-credit by them.
The Protective State: A Grave Threat to Liberty

James Buchanan’s protective state emerges at the constitutional level and protects the core rights of citizens via internal security, contract enforcement, and defense against external threats. This paper focuses on the potential for the protective state to produce anti-liberty outcomes. I identify five specific channels through which the activities of the protective state may yield anti-liberty results. They include: (1) interpretation in an open-ended system, (2) institutional changes within constraints, (3) the centralization of state power, (4) the emergence of coercion-enabling human capital, and (5) the emergence of coercion-enabling physical capital. These channels are endogenous to the legitimate operations of the protective state and do not require any nefarious motivations by those involved.
Catholic priests’ beliefs of the use of power by their bishop

Responses from randomly sampled U.S. Catholic priests were analyzed to determine how they perceived their bishop’s use of his power and status as he related to subordinates. Respondents had a moder...
Production and Cost

Firms exist because they can increase efficiency in production. Firms are organized in many different ways according to the size of the firm and the number of owners that a firm might have. The principal motive of the firm is to earn profits, although several other motives might also affect business decisions. Firms encounter fixed and variable costs in production in the short run. In the long run, all costs are variable. The firm bears the explicit costs of fixed and variable inputs and the opportunity costs of production decisions foregone. As production increases, the total cost of production increases. The marginal cost of output rises showing that greater levels of production can be obtained, in the short run, at ever increasing costs. Rising marginal costs mean that average costs display a “U-shaped” relationship, first falling as production increases, and then rising with greater levels of output. In the short run, with some variables fixed, rising production means rising marginal and average costs. In the long run, all inputs can be viewed as variable and rising average costs are not the case, depending upon the nature of returns to scale for the individual firm.
Online seismic event picking via sequential change-point detection

Seismic event picking plays a key role in seismology studies. The goal of seismic event picking is to detect the onset of a seismic event, which typically causes an increase in the amplitude of the recorded signal. In this paper, we present a sequential change-point detection method for online seismic event detection, based on the generalized maximum likelihood statistic. We assume that the signals prior to the event are i.i.d. Gaussian random variables with zero mean and known variance, and after the event are i.i.d. Gaussian with zero mean and an increased unknown variance. We form a generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) based statistic by replacing the unknown variance with its maximum likelihood estimate, which takes a simple form and has a recursive implementation. An event is detected whenever the statistic exceeds a prescribed threshold. We compare the performance of our GLR procedure relative to the commonly used short-term-average/long-term-average (STA/LTA) algorithm, which is the state-of-the-art for seismic event detection, using large-scale seismic dataset and demonstrate the benefits of our GLR statistic. We also present a joint detection method to utilize the capability of seismic sensors to record signals through three independent channels, to achieve much better detection performance. We also present a method to combine GLR procedure with P-wave and S-wave filtering.
Complex Skull Base Reconstructions in Kadish D Esthesioneuroblastoma: Case Report

Introduction Advanced Kadish stage esthesioneuroblastoma requires more extensive resections and aggressive adjuvant therapy to obtain adequate disease-free control, which can lead to higher complication rates. We describe the case of a patient with Kadish D esthesioneuroblastoma who underwent multiple surgeries for infectious, neurologic, and wound complications, highlighting potential preventative and salvage techniques. Case Presentation A 61-year-old man who presented with a large left-sided esthesioneuroblastoma, extending into the orbit, frontal lobe, and parapharyngeal nodes. He underwent margin-free endoscopic-assisted craniofacial resection with adjuvant craniofacial and cervical radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy. He then returned with breakdown of his skull base reconstruction and subsequent frontal infections and ultimately received 10 surgical procedures with surgeries for infection-related issues including craniectomy and abscess evacuation. He also had surgeries for skull base reconstruction and CSF leak, repaired with vascularized and free autologous grafts and flaps, synthetic tissues, and CSF diversion. Discussion Extensive, high Kadish stage tumors necessitate radical surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, which can lead to complications. Ultimately, there are several options available to surgeons, and although precautions should be taken whenever possible, risk of wound breakdown, leak, or infection should not preclude radical surgical resection and aggressive adjuvant therapies in the treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma.
Coherent supercontinuum generation with picosecond pulses

We theoretically show the possibility of generating a coherent, octave-spanning supercontinuum with >1-ps pulses. Our proof-of-principle experiments demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing long waveguides and multiple cross sections for supercontinuum generation at ultralow pulse energies.
Solar System constraints on massless scalar-tensor gravity with positive coupling constant upon cosmological evolution of the scalar field

Scalar-tensor theories of gravity modify General Relativity by introducing a scalar field that couples non-minimally to the metric tensor, while satisfying the weak-equivalence principle. These theories are interesting because they have the potential to simultaneously suppress modifications to Einstein's theory on Solar System scales, while introducing large deviations in the strong field of neutron stars. Scalar-tensor theories can be classified through the choice of conformal factor, a scalar that regulates the coupling between matter and the metric in the Einstein frame. The class defined by a Gaussian conformal factor with negative exponent has been studied the most because it leads to spontaneous scalarization (i.e. the sudden activation of the scalar field in neutron stars), which consequently leads to large deviations from General Relativity in the strong field. This class, however, has recently been shown to be in conflict with Solar System observations when accounting for the cosmological evolution of the scalar field. We study whether this remains the case when the exponent of the conformal factor is positive, as well as in another class of theories defined by a hyperbolic conformal factor. We find that in both of these scalar-tensor theories, Solar System tests are passed only in a very small subset of parameter space, for a large set of initial conditions compatible with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. However, while we find that it is possible for neutron stars to scalarize, one must carefully select the coupling parameter to do so, and even then, the scalar charge is typically two orders of magnitude smaller than in the negative exponent case. Our study suggests that future work on scalar-tensor gravity, for example in the context of tests of General Relativity with gravitational waves from neutron star binaries, should be carried out within the positive coupling parameter class.
The Questionable Value of Having a Choice of Levels of Health Insurance Coverage.

In most health insurance markets in the United States, consumers have substantial choice about their health insurance plan. However additional choice is not an unmixed blessing as it creates challenges related to both consumer confusion and adverse selection. There is mounting evidence that many people have difficulty understanding the value of insurance coverage, like evaluating the relative benefits of lower premiums versus lower deductibles. Also, in most US health insurance markets, people cannot be charged different prices for insurance based on their individual level of health risk. This creates the potential for well-known problems of adverse selection because people will often base the level of health insurance coverage they choose partly on their health status. In this essay, we examine how the forces of consumer confusion and adverse selection interact with each other and with market institutions to affect how valuable it is to have multiple levels of health insurance coverage available in the market.
KLF5 induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells

4928 KLF5 is a transcription factor that has been linked to enhanced proliferation in multiple non-transformed cell types. In contrast to its growth promoting role in non-transformed cells, KLF5 has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in epithelial tissues including the intestine. An explanation for this paradox comes from the observation that, while KLF5 promotes colony formation in non-transformed intestinal epithelial cells, it inhibits this process in colon cancer cells. These opposing effects were further characterized by manipulating KLF5 expression in various intestinal epithelial cell lines. Retroviral mediated overexpression of KLF5 in HCT-116 and HCT-116b colon cancer cells, but not in non-transformed IEC-18 cells, led to cell death characterized by the appearance of blebbing and shrunken cells, that was not seen in control virus transduced cells. This cells death was due to apoptosis, as indicated by its inhibition by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and by annexin V staining. A link between the observed apoptosis and KLF5 expression was further established by the finding that siRNA-mediated knockdown of KLF5 expression reduced the level of spontaneous apoptosis/annexin V staining in HCT-116b cells (colon carcinoma cells that express relatively high levels of KLF5). The differential ability of KLF5 to induce apoptosis cannot be attributed to genetic differences between the cell lines examined because, in contrast to parental IEC-18 cells, KLF5 induced apoptosis in IEC-18 cells which had been transformed with oncogenic H-Ras (IEC-Ras cells). Notably, the farnesyl-transferase inhibitor L-744,832 blocked the ability of KLF5 to induce apoptosis in Ras-transformed IEC-18 cells. By inhibiting signaling from oncogenic H-Ras but not endogenous K-Ras, this inhibitor reverses the transformed phenotype without appreciable affects on survival or proliferation of H-Ras transformed IEC-18 cells; thus, this finding links both the transformed phenotype and Ras signaling to the differential ability of KLF5 to induce apoptosis in non-transformed and transformed intestinal epithelial cells. Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying KLF5-induced apoptosis point to the involvement of alterations in inhibitor of apoptosis proteins XIAP and survivin. This work was supported by NIH grant CA16056.
EVIDENCE OF TWO COCIRCULATING CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS STRAINS IN MESOCARNIVORES FROM NORTHERN COLORADO, USA

Abstract: Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen that principally infects wildlife and domestic carnivores. Peridomestic species such as raccoons (Procyon lotor) experience outbreaks with high mortality. Clinical signs of infection include anorexia, fever, respiratory infection, and neurologic complications. Although not zoonotic, CDV poses a high risk to unvaccinated domestic animals and the conservation of endangered species. During 2013–16, we opportunistically collected wild and domestic carnivore specimens through a rabies surveillance program in northern Colorado, US. Brainstem and cerebellar tissue samples were independently tested for rabies and CDV by fluorescent antibody test. We tested a total of 478 animals for CDV, comprised of 10 wild and domestic carnivore species. A total of 15% (72/478) of all animals sampled tested positive for CDV, consisting of 24% (71/300) of raccoons and 4% (1/26) of coyotes (Canis latrans), but coinfection with rabies virus was not observed am...
Dreaming big and living small: examining motivations and satisfaction in tiny house living

In America, the average house size has increased from 1660 to 2596 ft2 from 1973 to 2013 with home prices rising to more than nine times the average price in 1970. Additionally, the increase in urban sprawl and city dwelling has caused a 50% increase in the negative environmental impact of housing since the 1950s. Given these concerns, many people have reevaluated their needs and desires leading to the tiny house movement. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to examine tiny house dwellers’ motivations and understanding whether they are correlated to tiny house satisfaction. The Tiny House Community Survey was an online survey to assesses tiny house residents’ motivations for living tiny through seven diverse items (e.g., simpler life, sustainability, cost, etc.). Overall tiny house satisfaction was also measured by asking if the respondent was satisfied with his or her tiny house, captured on a five-point scale. Descriptive and multivariate analyses within SPSS 22.0 compared the motivations of tiny house dwellers according to a variety of socio-demographic and structural factors (e.g., gender, location, house size). Decreased costs, a simplified lifestyle, and increased freedom were salient motivations for more than half of the surveyed population. In examining the association between motivations and housing satisfaction, a simplified lifestyle was the only motivation held by respondents with significant relationship. Increased knowledge regarding tiny homes and their impact could help overcome some of the challenges faced by the tiny house community such as lack of awareness, legality concerns, and financing opportunities.
First-Generation Students in Pursuit of the PhD: Comparing Socialization Experiences and Outcomes to Continuing-Generation Peers

Although first-generation students represent a substantial proportion of doctoral students, few studies have examined their experiences and outcomes. We contribute to this nascent area of inquiry b...
Effect of Fourier transform on the streaming in quantum lattice gas algorithms

ABSTRACTAll our previous quantum lattice gas algorithms for nonlinear physics have approximated the kinetic energy operator by streaming sequences to neighboring lattice sites. Here, the kinetic energy can be treated to all orders by Fourier transforming the kinetic energy operator with interlaced Dirac-based unitary collision operators. Benchmarking against exact solutions for the 1D nonlinear Schrodinger equation shows an extended range of parameters (soliton speeds and amplitudes) over the Dirac-based near-lattice-site streaming quantum algorithm.
Droplet Digital™ PCR Next-Generation Sequencing Library QC Assay

Digital PCR is a valuable tool to quantify next-generation sequencing (NGS) libraries precisely and accurately. Accurately quantifying NGS libraries enable accurate loading of the libraries on to the sequencer and thus improve sequencing performance by reducing under and overloading error. Accurate quantification also benefits users by enabling uniform loading of indexed/barcoded libraries which in turn greatly improves sequencing uniformity of the indexed/barcoded samples. The advantages gained by employing the Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR™) library QC assay includes the precise and accurate quantification in addition to size quality assessment, enabling users to QC their sequencing libraries with confidence.
Cost-Effective Error Detection Through Mersenne Modulo Shadow Datapaths

With technology scaling leading to reliability problems and a proliferation of hardware accelerators, there is a need for cost-effective techniques to detect errors in complex datapaths. Modulo (residue) arithmetic is useful for creating a shadow datapath to check the computation of an arithmetic datapath and involves three key steps: 1) reduction of the inputs to modulo shadow values; 2) computation with those shadow values; and 3) checking the outputs for consistency with the shadow outputs. The focus of this paper is new gate-level architectures and algorithms to reduce the cost of modulo shadow datapaths. We introduce new low-cost architectures for the functional units performing the aforementioned reduction, shadow computation, and checking operations. We compare our functional units to the previous state-of-the-art approach, observing a 12.5% reduction in area and a 47.1% reduction in delay for a 32-bit mod-3 reducer; that our reducer costs, which tend to dominate shadow datapath costs, do not increase with larger modulo bases; and that for modulo-15 and above, all of our functional units have better area and delay than their previous counterparts. To demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of our approach in computation-intensive accelerator applications, we design custom pipelined shadow datapaths for five compound functional units implementing a variety of vector and matrix operations. For a 32-bit main datapath and 2-bit shadow datapath, we observe area costs of 6%–10% and reliability improvements against single event transient errors of 3–61 $\times$ . For an 8-bit shadow datapath, we observe area costs of 15%–20% and reliability gains of 121–2477 $\times$ .
Four-Corner Bladder and Urethral Suspension for Moderate Cystocele

AbstractThe classical approach to cystocele repair involves the approximation of lax pubocervical fascia through the anterior vaginal wall with narrowing of the bladder neck and proximal urethra by the Kelly-type plication. This procedure corrects the prolapse but when performed for the treatment of incontinence it has a high failure rate because the bladder neck and urethra are not placed into a high, supported, nonobstructed retropubic position. Furthermore, due to elevation of the bladder base without simultaneous elevation of the bladder neck and urethra, de novo stress urinary incontinence may occur. We developed a transvaginal needle suspension operation for the bladder and urethra that repairs anterior vaginal wall prolapse with excellent support of the bladder base and repositions the bladder neck in the high retropubic position, all during a simple and rapid operation that is tolerated well by the patient.
Time-Dependent Structure in Wing-Body Junction Flows

The time-dependent and time-averaged features of a wing-body junction flow formed around a cylindrical wing with a 1.5:1 elliptical nose and NACA 0020 tail are being studied. In this paper, velocity and skin friction measurements made in the nose region are presented and discussed. These measurements show that a turbulent coherent junction vortex is a feature of both the instantaneous and time-mean flows. Away from the wing, fluctuations in the instantaneous size and position of this vortex produce bimodal (double-peaked) histograms of velocity fluctuations. Adjacent to the wing, this vortex appears to be associated with a region of laminarescent flow.
Quality of Convergence

The previous chapters contain information characterizing possible limit distributions for extremes and also discuss domain of attraction criteria.
Acculturation, Social Support, and Maternal Parenting Stress among U.S. Hispanic Mothers

Few studies have examined racial-ethnic differences in parenting stress and findings have been inconsistent on how Hispanics fare on this issue. This paper is the first to examine these differences among US Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black mothers, as well as the mediating role of acculturation and social support. Using nationally-representative data from the first two waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, our analysis employs multivariate ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models of 1096 Hispanic and Black mothers. We find that both foreign-born and native-born Hispanic mothers have significantly lower levels of maternal parenting stress compared to Black mothers. Using multidimensional measures, we provide evidence that both acculturation and social support influence maternal parenting stress. However, neither of these fully mediate the relationship between race-ethnicity and maternal parenting stress. Thus, this study demonstrates support for a Hispanic paradox for maternal parenting stress that is unexplained by acculturation or social support.
Institutions, Extreme Weather, and Urbanization in the Greater Mekong Region

Climate change threatens many developing countries with more frequent and intense extreme weather events. Researchers, however, have not comprehensively examined how extreme weather influences urba...
Improved perioperative outcomes with direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty in a Veteran's Affairs patient population

Abstract Background A trend toward improved perioperative outcomes with direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty (DAA THA) in comparison to posterior approach THA has been described. The benefits of the DAA THA have not been examined in the Veteran's Affairs (VA), a health system unique in its highly comorbid patient demographic and federally subsidized budget. Optimizing outcomes in this population could help reduce costs, readmissions, and complications. This study sought to compare the perioperative and radiographic outcomes of veterans who underwent a DAA THA versus a posterior approach THA. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 110 primary posterior approach THAs and 93 primary DAA THAs performed for primary osteoarthritis by a single surgeon at a VA hospital between 2012 and 2018. We compared mean surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative blood transfusion requirements, discharge disposition, hospital length of stay, as well as acetabular component inclination, femoral offset discrepancy, and leg length discrepancy using postoperative anteroposterior pelvis radiographs. Results The DAA group demonstrated significantly lower perioperative blood transfusion rates (5% vs. 20%), increased likelihood of discharge prior to postoperative day three (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.02–4.44), and higher rate of discharge to home (65% vs. 40%). Acceptable acetabular inclination rate was higher in the DAA group (83% vs. 37%). Conclusion Among veterans undergoing primary THA at a VA hospital, patients undergoing DAA THA had better perioperative outcomes than patients treated with the posterior approach despite similar demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and the DAA learning curve.
Long Term Cost of using Active ITA's

Rapidly developed test solutions meant for early prototyping and initial design verification tend to make their way into the production and field and repair processes. This results in excessive sustainment costs over the product's life cycle. Whether meant as a short-term prototype or as a quick and easy lab experiment for a development engineer, these solutions do not have the test instrument methodology embedded into their core that is required for long-term sustainment. Short term solutions significantly drive up costs for DoD programs.
Abstract 16148: Serum Gdf-15 Identifies Patients at Risk for Acute Heart Failure but Not Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Death

Introduction: GDF-15 (Growth Differentiation Factor 15), a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, has been shown to be a biomarker of mitochondrial diseases. Additionally, incre...
Internal dose of vanadium in rats following repeated exposure to vanadyl sulfate and sodium orthovanadate via drinking water

Vanadium is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that exists in multiple oxidation states. Humans are exposed to vanadyl (V4+) and vanadate (V5+) from dietary supplements, food, and drinking water and hence there is a concern for adverse human health. The current investigation is aimed at identifying vanadium oxidation states in vitro and in vivo and internal concentrations following exposure of rats to vanadyl sulfate (V4+) or sodium metavanadate (V5+) via drinking water for 14 d. Investigations in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids showed that V4+ was stable in gastric fluid while V5+ was stable in intestinal fluid. Analysis of rodent plasma showed that the only vanadium present was V4+, regardless of the exposed compound suggesting conversion of V5+ to V4+ in vivo and/or instability of V5+ species in biological matrices. Plasma, blood, and liver concentrations of total vanadium, after normalizing for vanadium dose consumed, were higher in male and female rats following exposure to V5+ than to V4+. Following exposure to either V4+ or V5+, the total vanadium concentration in plasma was 2- to 3-fold higher than in blood suggesting plasma as a better matrix than blood for measuring vanadium in future work. Liver to blood ratios were 4-7 demonstrating significant tissue retention following exposure to both compounds. In conclusion, these data point to potential differences in absorption and disposition properties of V4+ and V5+ salts and may explain the higher sensitivity in rats following drinking water exposure to V5+ than V4+ and highlights the importance of internal dose determination in toxicology studies.
Mechanisms of synaptic transmission dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex: pathophysiological implications

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) serves as the chief executive officer of the brain, controlling the highest level cognitive and emotional processes. Its local circuits among glutamatergic principal neurons and GABAergic interneurons, as well as its long-range connections with other brain regions, have been functionally linked to specific behaviors, ranging from working memory to reward seeking. The efficacy of synaptic signaling in the PFC network is profundedly influenced by monoaminergic inputs via the activation of dopamine, adrenergic, or serotonin receptors. Stress hormones and neuropeptides also exert complex effects on the synaptic structure and function of PFC neurons. Dysregulation of PFC synaptic transmission is strongly linked to social deficits, affective disturbance, and memory loss in brain disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. Critical neural circuits, biological pathways, and molecular players that go awry in these mental illnesses have been revealed by integrated electrophysiological, optogenetic, biochemical, and transcriptomic studies of PFC. Novel epigenetic mechanism-based strategies are proposed as potential avenues of therapeutic intervention for PFC-involved diseases. This review provides an overview of PFC network organization and synaptic modulation, as well as the mechanisms linking PFC dysfunction to the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases. Insights from the preclinical studies offer the potential for discovering new medical treatments for human patients with these brain disorders.
Formalized control logic fault definition with ontological reasoning for air handling units

Abstract Control logic programs determine the behavior of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems under different operating conditions. Faults in control logic account for more than 15% of all HVAC system problems, causing energy waste and occupancy discomfort. The first step towards systematically detecting and diagnosing control logic faults is to have an unambiguous control logic fault definition so that the existence of control logic faults in an HVAC system can be discovered from its operational data. In order to have high level of fault detection accuracy, the control logic fault definition needs to be customized for different HVAC systems as they have different components and control sequences. In this paper, we propose an object-oriented classification approach to systematically define customized control logic faults in terms of control logic input/output variable expressions. Focusing on air handling unit (AHU) systems, and their general operation objectives of energy efficiency and occupancy comfort, we elaborated four control goals and developed corresponding reasoning mechanisms to derive fault definitions. We also developed an HVAC component and control information ontology to be used in these reasoning mechanisms by extending existing HVAC information models. The prototype of the developed approach was tested with 27 common AHUs specified by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), and the results show that using the developed approach, it is possible to define a customized set of control logic faults applicable to each specific AHU with an overall precision of 94.2% and recall of 83.0%. This demonstrates the generality of our proposed approach in providing customized control logic fault definitions for different types of AHUs.
Improving dermal level images from reflectance confocal microscopy using wavelet-based transformations and adaptive histogram equalization

OBJECTIVES Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) generates scalar image data from serial depths in the skin, allowing in vivo examination of cellular features. The maximum imaging depth of RCM is approximately 250 µm, to the papillary dermis, or upper reticular dermis. Frequently, important diagnostic features are present in the dermis, hence improved visualization of deeper levels is advantageous. METHODS Low contrast and noise in dermal images were improved by employing a combination of wavelet-based transformations and contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization. RESULTS Preserved details, noise reduction, increased contrast, and feature enhancement were observed in the resulting processed images. CONCLUSIONS Complex and combined wavelet-based enhancement approaches for dermal level images yielded reconstructions of higher quality than less sophisticated histogram-based strategies. Image optimization may improve the diagnostic accuracy of RCM, especially for entities with dermal findings.
Vulnerability of a Prey-Predator Model Under Harvesting

Given a limit on the intensity of harvesting, the vulnerability of a renewable resource system is taken to be a measure of how close the resource can be driven to extinction under an arbitrary harvesting schedule. The primary objective of this analysis is to demonstrate how the concept of vulnerability can be used in the development of a practical method for setting a limit on the intensity of harvesting. Necessary conditions associated with controlling a system in the boundary of a reachable set are employed to determine the vulnerability of a system directly.
Genes conserved in bilaterians but jointly lost with Myc during nematode evolution are enriched in cell proliferation and cell migration functions

Animals use a stereotypical set of developmental genes to build body architectures of varying sizes and organizational complexity. Some genes are critical to developmental patterning, while other genes are important to physiological control of growth. However, growth regulator genes may not be as important in small-bodied “micro-metazoans” such as nematodes. Nematodes use a simplified developmental strategy of lineage-based cell fate specifications to produce an adult bilaterian body composed of a few hundreds of cells. Nematodes also lost the MYC proto-oncogenic regulator of cell proliferation. To identify additional regulators of cell proliferation that were lost with MYC, we computationally screened and determined 839 high-confidence genes that are conserved in bilaterians/lost in nematodes (CIBLIN genes). We find that 30 % of all CIBLIN genes encode transcriptional regulators of cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchyme transitions, and other processes. Over 50 % of CIBLIN genes are unnamed genes in Drosophila, suggesting that there are many understudied genes. Interestingly, CIBLIN genes include many Myc synthetic lethal (MycSL) hits from recent screens. CIBLIN genes include key regulators of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) sulfation patterns, and lysyl oxidases involved in cross-linking and modification of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These genes and others suggest the CIBLIN repertoire services critical functions in ECM remodeling and cell migration in large-bodied bilaterians. Correspondingly, CIBLIN genes are co-expressed with Myc in cancer transcriptomes, and include a preponderance of known determinants of cancer progression and tumor aggression. We propose that CIBLIN gene research can improve our understanding of regulatory control of cellular growth in metazoans.
Review of: Principles and Practice of Military Forensic Psychiatry

I served as a psychiatrist in the Air Force during the period of the Korean War. The guideline or manual for forensic psychiatric work at that time was a short bulletin covering a few major issues. Life for physicians then was simple and in many ways much nicer and less stressful than it is today when numerous rules and regulations, complicated and at times conflicting legal and moral principles, and a vast expansion of sociolegal philosophies play a dominant role in one's professional existence.
CW HF Chemical Laser Flow Diagnostic Measurements

Knowledge of local fluid dynamic properties in the flowfield of a continuous supersonic diffusion HF chemical laser is required to characterize its performance. The application of techniques for measuring local pressure and pitot pressure is described with modifications required for the hostile fluorine environment. Spectroscopic measurements of static temperature and relative concentration of HF(1) and HF(2) in the reacting fluorine-hydrogen flow then permit the deduction of crucial local flow properties in the laser medium, such as the mass density. In this report, measurements of the distribution of pitot and static pressure, static temperature, mass density, Mach number, and jet velocity are presented and the limitations in the measurements discussed. The measured concentration ratio [HF(2)]/[HF(1>] reflects the nature of the gain zone.
Cell and Molecular Biology of the Spindle Matrix

The concept of a spindle matrix has long been proposed to account for incompletely understood features of microtubule spindle dynamics and force production during mitosis. In its simplest formulation, the spindle matrix is hypothesized to provide a stationary or elastic molecular matrix that can provide a substrate for motor molecules to interact with during microtubule sliding and which can stabilize the spindle during force production. Although this is an attractive concept with the potential to greatly simplify current models of microtubule spindle behavior, definitive evidence for the molecular nature of a spindle matrix or for its direct role in microtubule spindle function has been lagging. However, as reviewed here multiple studies spanning the evolutionary spectrum from lower eukaryotes to vertebrates have provided new and intriguing evidence that a spindle matrix may be a general feature of mitosis.
Evidence for K+→π+νν̄

The decay K+→π+νν has been observed for the first time. The E787 experiment has presented evidence for the K+→π+νν decay, based on the observation of a single clean event from data collected during the 1995 run of the AGS (Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory). The branching ratio indicated by this observation, B(K+→π+νν)=4.2−3.5+9.7×10−10, is consistent with the Standard Model expectation although the central experimental value is four times larger. The final E787 data sample, from the 1995–99 runs, should reach a sensitivity of about eight times that of the 1995 run alone. A new experiment, E949, has been approved to run, starting in the year 2000, and is expected to achieve a sensitivity of more than an order of magnitude below the prediction of the Standard Model.
Distributing an Online catalog on CDROM...The University of Illinois experience

Au printemps 1985, la Bibliotheque universitaire de l'Illinois recevait une subvention importante pour creer et implanter son catalogue online sur disque optique. Les differentes etapes de cette realisation, et son evolution vers le choix du CD-ROM comme support sont rapportees ainsi que les experiences de deux autres bibliotheques dans le meme domaine. (INTD)
Temporal separation of payments and consumption in online payment systems and their impact on firm strategies

Although practitioner research in Information Systems has touted the relevance of online payment systems as a critical element for success of e-commerce business models, the strategic needs for adopting online payment systems are still unclear to most firms. This dissertation studies how one design feature of online payment systems---pricing scheme or temporal separation of payments and consumption---may be used strategically to compete in the market for information goods. I incorporate consumer "mental accounting" (MA) from Behavioral Economics literature into a firm level model. Contrary to the predictions from traditional microeconomic theories, the results from my game theoretic models show that when consumers are assumed to maintain mental accounts, the choice of pricing schemes does matter to firms in a competitive market. An experiment is conducted to further evaluate the analytical findings. In the experiment, sellers or firms compete against one another in a simulated consumer market exhibiting MA characteristics. The experimental results reveal that the Nash Equilibrium (NE) predictions of the game theoretic models may not hold in practice due to (i) market dominance of one firm over the other (ii) variations in market MA characteristics and (iii) differences in other payment system design features. The results of this dissertation not only offer insights about the strategic importance of online payment systems but also provide an explanation as to how economic and behavioral aspects of digital consumption may interact with one another.
The Dark Side of Leadership: Towards a Mid‐Range Theory of Hubris and Greed in Entrepreneurial Contexts

Much of the research on entrepreneurial behaviour and leadership has emphasized their importance and potentially valuable outcomes, along with the challenges involved in each. Although entrepreneurial activities are essential in all types of organizations, this research focuses on the potential dark side of strategic leaders. Specifically, we examine the potential for and the outcomes of the display of greed and hubris in different entrepreneurial contexts. We present a theoretical model of moderated mediation, focused on the effects of greedy and hubristic behaviour by entrepreneurial leaders on the firm's human and social capital, and consequently venture success. However, the negative relationship manifests differently in the presence of certain firm-level characteristics. We examine the implications of the dark side of entrepreneurial leadership and recommend several avenues for future research. In so doing, this work contributes to the development of a mid-range theory of the dark side of entrepreneurial leadership.
Exploring Outcomes of a Targeted Supervisory Training Curriculum on Developing Multicultural Competency and Social Justice Advocacy

Although there is extensive literature addressing the need to incorporate multicultural competency and social justice advocacy training in school counseling coursework, there are few empirical stud...
Irrelevant speech effects and sequence learning

The irrelevant speech effect is the finding that performance on serial recall tasks is impaired by the presence of irrelevant background speech. According to the object-oriented episodic record (O-OER) model, this impairment is due to a conflict of order information from two different sources: the seriation of the irrelevant speech and the rehearsal of the order of the to-be-remembered items. We tested the model’s prediction that irrelevant speech should impair performance on other tasks that involve seriation. Experiments 1 and 2 verified that both an irrelevant speech effect and a changing state effect would obtain in a between-subjects design in which a standard serial recall measure was used, allowing employment of a between-subjects design in subsequent experiments. Experiment 3 showed that performance on a sequence-learning task was impaired by the presence of irrelevant speech, and Experiment 4 verified that performance is worse when the irrelevant speech changes more (the changing state effect). These findings support the prediction made by the O-OER model that one essential component to the irrelevant speech effect is serial order information.
COMPARISON OF THE USEFULNESS OF ESR AND CRP IN HIV INDETERMINATE AND INFECTED CHILDREN. 597

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and C-reactive protein(CRP) are useful in evaluating normal children for inflammatory or infectious processes. To evaluate the usefulness of these indicators in HIV exposed or infected children, we evaluated 62 patients cared for in our HIV center. All evaluated patients had ESR, CRP and IgG drawn during clinic visits or hospitalizations. The patients' infection status was as follow: Indeterminate(CDC classification E):29 pts(47%), and infected 33 pts [CDC classification: N:2 pts(3%), A:13 pts(21%), B:13 pts(21%), C:5 pts(8%)].
Combination of dasatinib and curcumin eliminates chemo-resistant colon cancer cells

Metastatic colorectal cancer remains a serious health concern with poor patient survival. Although 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) or 5-FU plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) is the standard therapy for colorectal cancer, it has met with limited success. Recurrence of the tumor after chemotherapy could partly be explained by the enrichment of the chemo-resistant sub-population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that possess the ability for self-renewal and differentiation into different lineages in the tumor. Therefore development of therapeutic strategies that target CSCs for successful treatment of this malignancy is warranted. The current investigation was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of the combination therapy of dasatinib (a Src inhibitor) and curcumin (a dietary agent with pleiotropic effect) in inhibiting the growth and other properties of carcinogenesis of chemo-resistant colon cancer cells that are enriched in CSCs sub-population. Remnants of spontaneous adenomas from APCMin +/- mice treated with dasatinib and/or curcumin were analyzed for several cancer stem cell markers (ALDH, CD44, CD133 and CD166). Human colon cancer cells HCT-116 (p53 wild type; K-ras mutant) and HT-29 (p53 mutant; K-ras wild type) were used to generate FOLFOX resistant (referred to as CR) cells. The effectiveness of the combination therapy in inhibiting growth, invasive potential and stemness was examined in colon cancer CR cells. The residual tumors from APCMin +/- mice treated with dasatinib and/or curcumin showed 80-90% decrease in the expression of the CSC markers ALDH, CD44, CD133, CD166. The colon cancer CR cells showed a higher expression of CSCs markers, cell invasion potential and ability to form colonospheres, compared to the corresponding parental cells. The combination therapy of dasatinib and curcumin demonstrated synergistic interactions in CR HCT-116 and CR HT-29 cells, as determined by Calcusyn analysis. The combinatorial therapy inhibited cellular growth, invasion and colonosphere formation and also reduced CSC population as evidenced by the decreased expression of CSC specific markers: CD133, CD44, CD166 and ALDH. Our data suggest that the combination therapy of dasatinib and curcumin may be a therapeutic strategy for re-emergence of chemo-resistant colon cancer by targeting CSC sub-population.