cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laminar flame speeds of transportation-relevant hydrocarbons and jet fuels at elevated temperatures and pressures

Abstract Laminar flame speeds of several fuel/air mixtures were experimentally determined over equivalence ratios of ϕ = 0.7–1.3, preheat temperatures of Tu = 350–470 K, and pressures of P = 1–3 atm in a high-pressure counterflow setup. Fuels investigated in this work included neat components relevant to liquid transportation fuels, such as n-decane, n-dodecane, iso-octane, toluene, n-propylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, a conventional Jet-A labeled as POSF 4658, an alternative jet fuel, S-8, labeled as POSF 4734, and a four-component Jet-A surrogate composed of n-dodecane, iso-octane, n-propylbenzene, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene. The experimental results were also compared with computed values obtained by using various published kinetic models for different fuels. In general, the simulated results are in fair agreement with the experimental data, considering the uncertainties in both experiments and kinetic models. Further analysis on experimental data was conducted to assess the effects of preheat temperature on laminar flame speed and pressure on mass burning flux. From the variation of mass burning flux with pressure, the overall reaction orders of various fuels were extracted. The present flame propagation data at elevated pressures for large hydrocarbons can be used in surrogate formulation and mechanism validation for liquid transportation fuels.
An effective multilevel algorithm for bisecting graphs and hypergraphs

Partitioning is a fundamental problem in diverse fields of study such as data mining, parallel processing, and the design of VLSI circuits. A new approach to partition graphs and hypergraphs is introduced. This new approach combines local and global sampling, clustering, and Tabu search in a multilevel partitioning algorithm (TPART). TPART was implemented in a C program and compared to many state-of-the-art partitioning algorithms using a wide variety of benchmarks. TPART consistently performs well on the various benchmarks used and in comparison with other partitioning algorithms. TPART has a reasonably fast running time and it can produce a high quality partition of a graph of 262,144 nodes and 524,286 edges in less than 2 minutes CPU times on a Compaq Alpha DS20E 67/667 MHZ machine with 1GB of main memory.
"Pseudoendoleak"--residual intrasaccular contrast after endovascular stent-graft repair.

l l Purpose: To present a unique demonstration of postoperative perigraft contrast masquer- ading as an endoleak following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Case Report: A 66-year-old man underwent endovascular stent-graft repair of a 4.6-cm infrarenal AAA. The procedure was uncomplicated, and intraoperative completion angi- ography demonstrated good proximal and distal fixation of the stent-graft without an en- doleak. A spiral computed tomographic (CT) angiogram obtained on postoperative day 2 revealed a large amount of extrastent contrast along the posterior aspect of the aneurysm sac. This defect had the appearance of an endoleak, but it was also present on the non- contrast images. A color-flow duplex examination performed on the same day showed a widely patent stent-graft with no evidence of extrastent flow. Conclusions: Contrast trapped in the aneurysm sac during endovascular aneurysm repair may be misinterpreted as an endoleak on postprocedural CT scans. ''Pseudoendoleaks'' can be distinguished from true endoleaks by examination of prebolus, noncontrast CT images, as well as by duplex ultrasound scanning. J Endovasc Ther 2002;9:119-123
The 2nd Lawrence R. Schehr Memorial Award Winning Essay

The Videotheque de Paris, a moving image archive of the French capital, opened in 1988 in the Forum des Halles, site of the city’s former central food markets. This article analyzes the institution’s placement in this new development, its adoption of new technologies, and its engagement with discussions of history and memory. It argues that the Videotheque’s formation and first years epitomized the play with historical time that defined Paris in the 1970s and 1980s: a simultaneous investment in the past as the bedrock of the capital’s identity and a self-conscious futurism. When the city tore down the Baltard pavilions, it made way for a proliferation of historical reenactments at the city’s heart that culminated in the opening of the Videotheque. Promoted as the city’s “living memory,” the institution placed 2,500 documents from almost a century of Parisian film, television, and advertising at visitors’ disposal at high-tech viewing stations. Videotheque staff employed the most up-to-date audiovisual and...
Turbulent Vertical Kinetic Energy in the Ocean Mixed Layer

Abstract Vertical velocities in the ocean boundary layer were measured for two weeks at an open ocean, wintertime site using neutrally buoyant floats. Simultaneous measurements of the surface meteorology and surface waves showed a large variability in both wind and wave properties and only weak correlations between them. Buoyancy forcing was weak. The mean square vertical velocity in the boundary layer σ2w measured from the vertical motion of the floats was proportional to the squared friction velocity u2∗ estimated from shipboard meteorological measurements using bulk formulas. Thus σ2w = Au2∗ (the rate of momentum transport from the atmosphere to the ocean is ρu2∗, where ρ is the density of the water). The deviations from this relation can be attributed entirely to statistical variation and measurement error. The measured values of σ2w were corrected for measurement biases and the nonturbulent contributions of internal waves. The value of the turbulent part of A is 1.75–2 times that measured in laborato...
Multiple Instance Learning with Manifold Bags

In many machine learning applications, labeling every instance of data is burdensome. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL), in which training data is provided in the form of labeled bags rather than labeled instances, is one approach for a more relaxed form of supervised learning. Though much progress has been made in analyzing MIL problems, existing work considers bags that have a finite number of instances. In this paper we argue that in many applications of MIL (e.g. image, audio, etc.) the bags are better modeled as low dimensional manifolds in high dimensional feature space. We show that the geometric structure of such manifold bags affects PAC-learnability. We discuss how a learning algorithm that is designed for finite sized bags can be adapted to learn from manifold bags. Furthermore, we propose a simple heuristic that reduces the memory requirements of such algorithms. Our experiments on real-world data validate our analysis and show that our approach works well.
A NOVEL ROLE FOR ACTIVIN IN WOUND HEALING AND PSORIASIS: INDUCTION OF A SENSORY NEUROPEPTIDE

Sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are essential for successful healing of injured skin. Neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are released centrally in response to a skin injury to induce pain sensation and are also released at the site of injury to induce vasodilation. The Transforming Growth Factor superfamily member Activin has been proposed to regulate sensory neuropeptide expression during development, but its role in adult DRG neurons is not known. The studies in this thesis focus on a role for activin in modulation of CGRP expression after a skin injury. Although activin is expressed in low levels in normal adult skin, it is elevated in the skin wound margin two days after wounding. CGRP expression is also increased in cutaneous neurons that innervate the wound site. Activin increases CGRP expression in adult DRG neuron in vitro, which suggests that adult neurons are still plastic and are capable of responding to activin with increased CGRP expression. Activin signals through Smad2 in adult neurons, and in vitro isolation of neurites from cell bodies through the use of compartmented cultures suggests that activin signaling at nerve terminals activates Smad2 in cell bodies. Pilot data also suggest that activin is retrogradely transported in vivo, suggesting a model of transport of the activin signal. In addition to an acute skin wound, the chronic skin disease psoriasis was examined for activin expression. Activin is elevated in psoriatic skin and is highly expressed in proliferating skin cells, while activated Smad2 is detectable in differentiating skin cells, suggesting a role for activin in skin differentiation in psoriasis. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that skin-derived activin modulates neuropeptide expression after a skin injury in order to promote wound healing.
Delaying therapy in Pts age >= 65 with untreated AML

6560 186 pts age ≥ 65 with untreated normal karyotype AML given ara-C-containing Rx at MDA from 1996–2005 had course 1(C1) CR and death rates of 57% and 13%, while in 133 pts with abnormalities of ...
Elevation of the serum alkaline phosphatase coincident with ectopic-bone formation in paraplegic patients.

Fifteen paraplegic patients were followed to determine the onset, course, and remissions of ectopic-bone formation. Ectopic-bone formation occurred in seven patients and was accompanied by elevations of the serum alkaline phosphatase. In the eight patients in whom ectopic-bone formation did not occur there were no significant elevations of the serum alkaline phosphatase. It is felt, therefore, that the serum alkaline phosphatase is a reliable sign of the onset and remission of ectopic-bone formation in paraplegic patients.
What is an evidence map? A systematic review of published evidence maps and their definitions, methods, and products

The need for systematic methods for reviewing evidence is continuously increasing. Evidence mapping is one emerging method. There are no authoritative recommendations for what constitutes an evidence map or what methods should be used, and anecdotal evidence suggests heterogeneity in both. Our objectives are to identify published evidence maps and to compare and contrast the presented definitions of evidence mapping, the domains used to classify data in evidence maps, and the form the evidence map takes. We conducted a systematic review of publications that presented results with a process termed “evidence mapping” or included a figure called an “evidence map.” We identified publications from searches of ten databases through 8/21/2015, reference mining, and consulting topic experts. We abstracted the research question, the unit of analysis, the search methods and search period covered, and the country of origin. Data were narratively synthesized. Thirty-nine publications met inclusion criteria. Published evidence maps varied in their definition and the form of the evidence map. Of the 31 definitions provided, 67 % described the purpose as identification of gaps and 58 % referenced a stakeholder engagement process or user-friendly product. All evidence maps explicitly used a systematic approach to evidence synthesis. Twenty-six publications referred to a figure or table explicitly called an “evidence map,” eight referred to an online database as the evidence map, and five stated they used a mapping methodology but did not present a visual depiction of the evidence. The principal conclusion of our evaluation of studies that call themselves “evidence maps” is that the implied definition of what constitutes an evidence map is a systematic search of a broad field to identify gaps in knowledge and/or future research needs that presents results in a user-friendly format, often a visual figure or graph, or a searchable database. Foundational work is needed to better standardize the methods and products of an evidence map so that researchers and policymakers will know what to expect of this new type of evidence review. Although an a priori protocol was developed, no registration was completed; this review did not fit the PROSPERO format.
Using 'Plain English' in Proxy Proposals

Gaining access to a corporation's annual meeting proxy statement is the only practical way to communicate with fellow shareholders on issues of corporate policy. But many proxy proposals make for difficult reading. Shareholders aren't likely to vote in favor of a proposal they can't understand. The author drafted a shareholder proposal in plain-English for inclusion in the annual meeting proxy statement of Michigan's largest bank. On the Flesch readability scale, the proposal scored 51. That's on a par with Time and Newsweek. In contrast, a representative sample of the bank's previous year's proxy statement scored -12 (more difficult than the Harvard Law Review). This article explains the author's drafting considerations and the result he achieved (the bank voluntarily adopted the author's proposal, avoiding a proxy contest).
The Importance of a “Quantitative Genetic” Approach to the Evolution of Artifact Morphological Traits

Recent years have seen substantial growth in the application of evolutionary approaches to spatial and temporal variation exhibited in archaeological data. As is now well known, the application of this approach rests on the basis that artifacts are an expression of a genuine evolutionary system mediated by transmission (via social learning), variation in transmitted elements, and differential replication of transmitted elements across time. While this provides the necessary fundamental basis for the application of an evolutionary approach to artifactual variation, application of the term “evolution” still provides a source of confusion for some archaeologists. Part of this confusion may stem from an underdeveloped body of theory that conceptually makes explicit the link between the evolution of socially transmitted information and the expression of that evolutionary process in terms of physical artifacts. This is especially the case given that artifactual variation is inevitably influenced by several different factors (e.g., raw material properties and/or post manufacture attrition), not all of which are necessarily heritable in systems of social learning. In order to resolve these difficulties and make more clear the case for an evolutionary approach to artifactual variation, there is a need for an explicit quantitative body of theory that links statistical variation in artifactual traits to factors such as selection and drift when (1) sources of artifact variation are multiple and not all necessarily heritable, (2) the proximate socially transmitted elements are unknown, and (3) many artifactual traits will be influenced simultaneously by multiple aspects of socially transmitted practices. Here, it is argued that a “quantitative genetic” approach can resolve these problems.
Effects of Thymol on B16-F10 Melanoma Cells

Aromatic monoterpene, thymol, shows several beneficial activities, such as an antioxidative effect. However, the mechanism of its toxicity remains to be fully defined. In preliminary studies, thymol was characterized as a melanin formation inhibitor in an enzymatic system; however, thymol showed moderate cytotoxicity but not an antimelanogenic effect on B16-F10 melanoma cells. Thymol exhibited cytotoxicity, with an IC(50) value of 400 μM (60.09 μg/mL). This moderate toxic effect was suppressed with the addition of vitamin C and vitamin D, and 20 and 40% of cell viability was increased, respectively. Subsequently, the treatment of L-cysteine on thymol-treated melanoma cells reversed the toxic effect of thymol. Moreover, a significant oxidative stress condition was observed when B16 melanoma cells were cultured with thymol. In conclusion, the antioxidant actions of thymol generate a stable phenoxy radical intermediate, which generates reactive oxygen species and quinone oxide derivatives. Thus, it is proposed that the primary mechanism of thymol toxicity at high doses is due to the formation of antioxidant-related radicals.
Methyl Bromide Fumigation Treatments for Pistachio Nuts to Decrease Residues and Control Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Fumigation of inshell pistachio nuts, Pistacia vera L. ‘Kerman’, with 32 g/m3 methyl bromide (MB) at 15.5°C for 24 h and 16 or 24g/m3 MB at 26.6°C for 24 h resulted in >98.5% mortality of the egg, larval, and pupal stages of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker). Inshell pistachio nuts fumigated three times with MB using the approved schedule of 56g/m3 for 24 h at ≥ 15.5°C had inorganic bromide residues above the United States tolerance of 200 ppm. Pistachios fumigated repeatedly with 16, 24, or 32 g/m3 MB for 24 h at 15.5°C or 8, 16, or 24g/m3 MB for 24 h at 26.6°C had residues well below the tolerance. Organic and inorganic residues were higher in nuts fumigated at 15.5°C than at 26.6°C. Sorption of MB by the nuts was not significantly different at the two temperatures. By the end of 13 days, desorption of MB by the nuts caused organic bromide residues to decrease below 0.50 ppm for all treatments used.
Glomus nanolumen (Endogonaceae), a new species from Hawaii

(1989). Glomus Nanolumen (Endogonaceae), A New Species from Hawaii. Mycologia: Vol. 81, No. 6, pp. 935-938.
Abstract 2865: Characterization of histone deacetylases in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

Histone acetylation and deacetylation are key epigenetic modifications that influence gene expression in both normal and neoplastic cells. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been the target for cancer therapeutics due to their demonstrated role in modulating tumor onset and progression in a subset of cancers. We have shown that treatment with pan HDAC inhibitors leads to reduced tumor growth and increased tumor cell differentiation of cultured Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) cells. However, the role of specific HDACs in ERMS remains unknown. To determine the function specific to each HDAC in ERMS, we have employed the Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindrome Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 nuclease-mediated genome editing technology to enable effective knockout of individual HDAC genes in ERMS. Our CRISPR/Cas9 system uses a transient and multiplex gene targeting approach that induces loss-of-function mutations with high efficiency and allows rapid phenotypic analysis. Combining this system with stable selection of mutant clones with null mutations, we have systematically targeted all class I HDAC genes in ERMS cells. Initial characterization reveals distinct functions of class I HDAC genes in ERMS tumorigenesis. HDAC1 loss-of-function in ERMS cells promotes tumor growth. By contrast, HDAC3 or HDAC8 loss-of-function reduces tumor cell viability. HDAC2 loss-of-function does not affect tumor growth but induces robust differentiation of ERMS cells. In future studies, candidate genes/pathways regulated by HDACs will be identified by an integrated approach of Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and gene expression profiling studies. To validate HDAC mutant phenotypes observed in vitro and assess pre-clinical efficacy of targeted HDAC therapies, CRISPR/Cas9 inducible ERMS lines are currently being developed to facilitate tumor xenograft studies in vivo. Overall, our initial gene targeting results reveal distinct roles of class I HDAC genes in modulating ERMS tumor growth and differentiation. Our results suggest that therapeutic efficacy of pan HDAC inhibitors may be compromised by simultaneously inhibiting tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive functions of HDACs. Targeted HDAC therapies therefore, may have more potent therapeutic benefits. Citation Format: Michael Phelps, Terra Vleeshouwer-Neumann, Jenna Bailey, Nicole Hickman, Eleanor Chen. Characterization of histone deacetylases in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2865. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2865
On Influential Elements and Innovative Measures of Private Colleges and Universities

Quality is the most important element in the construction of private colleges and universities.Choosing the road of improving quality is not only the demand of the society to private colleges and universities,but also the only choice of private colleges and universities for their own development.It is significant to realize the value of private higher educational quality,to solve the problem of how to fix the school's position,to design distinctive professional cultivation plan and curriculum system.To ensure the quality of private colleges and universities and satisfy the demands of the society is to understand the influential elements on private colleges and universities and take corresponding measures,such as accepting advanced management ideas,taking effective management methods and insisting the core position of education,quality and students.
Casually Evolving Creative Technology Systems.

This position paper will describe the early stages of a development effort in which an interactive evolutionary design approach is being applied to the domain of technology-based system development, in a new media art and design context. These systems connect different technologies and techniques in order to process and transform data of one type into another. For example, location data might be used to select a relevant network information feed, the text of which drives geometry generation, which in turn could be sent to a 3D printer that would produce a sculpture. While the flexibility of this problem domain is idiosyncratic to our interdisciplinary new media environment, the target physical context for using a creativity support tool, and the context’s effect on creative output is rather the primary research focus. The goal is to explore the possibilities of what might be termed "casual design", analogous to the “casual gaming” genre in which games are played by anyone, where ever they might find a few spare minutes, rather than requiring significant time and hardware commitments.
The hormonal control of hepatic gluconeogenesis.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the studies of the control of gluconeogenesis. Although the data presented are almost exclusively derived from studies in the isolated perfused rat liver, an attempt has been made to relate them to results obtained in vivo and to relevant investigations in other tissues. The findings indicate that variations in substrate supply are important in the physiological regulation of gluconeogenesis and that insulin, glucagon, glucocorticoids, and catecholamines exert important effects at the hepatic level. They also point to the central role played by adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the control of gluconeogenesis. The chapter describes the technique of rat liver perfusion and the methods of analysis of tissue and medium used in studies described in the chapter. In a study described in the chapter, rat liver was perfused in situ with recirculating or nonrecirculating medium composed of washed bovine erythrocytes suspended in Krebs–Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing 3% bovine albumin. Labeled and unlabeled substrates and hormones were added to the medium in the desired concentrations, and the synthesis of glucose and glycogen was measured by chemical or isotopic means. The method of perfusion was found to be very satisfactory as judged by the gross and electron microscopic appearance of the liver and by the maintenance of steady rates of oxygen consumption and bile flow. The maximum rates of all synthetic processes were equal to or greater than those determined in vivo with the possible exception of glycogen deposition.
Weight trends in United States living kidney donors: Analysis of the UNOS database.

AIM: To analyze the national trends associated with body mass index (BMI) and living kidney donation. METHODS: Forty-seven thousand seven hundred and five adult living kidney donors as reported to the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network from 1999 to 2011 were analyzed using their pre-donation BMI. Predictor variables of interest included age, gender, ethnicity, relationship, education status, and transplant region. RESULTS: Sixteen thousand nine hundred and seventy-one of the living kidney donors were normal weight (35.6%); 19337 were overweight (40.5%); 9007 were mildly obese (18.9%); 1992 were moderate to morbidly obese (4.2%). Overweight and mildly obese kidney donors have increased through time by 12% and 20% every 5 years, respectively (P < 0.05). Donors 35-49 years of age, hispanic males or females and black females, those with high school diploma or general Education Degree, and biologically related or partner/spouses were more likely to be obese. CONCLUSION: Over the past 13 years, the majority of living kidney donors have spanned the overweight to obese categories. Paralleling the national rise is an increase in overweight and mildly obese kidney donors. A fair number of moderate to morbidly obese living kidney donors are still allowed to donate.
Laparoscopic Myomectomy of a Symptomatic Uterine Leiomyoma in a 15-Year-Old Adolescent

Abstract Background Although adnexal masses and ovarian torsion are common causes of acute pain in the female adolescent, fibroids are an uncommon etiology and little is reported in the literature. Because of the rarity of adolescent leiomyomas, the best surgical management is still unknown. Case To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a laparoscopic myomectomy in the adolescent population. The removed fibroid is one of the largest documented cases of uterine leiomyoma in adolescents. Summary and Conclusion Degenerative fibroids, albeit less common, should be kept on the differential diagnosis, as a possible cause of pelvic mass and pain in the adolescent population. Fibroids in the adolescent patient, like the adult, can be managed with minimally invasive surgery with excellent clinical outcomes.
EMS patients and walk-in patients presenting with severe sepsis: differences in management and outcome.

OBJECTIVES Sepsis is a significant problem. The differences between patients with sepsis who walk into the emergency department (ED) and those who are transported via emergency medical services (EMS) have not been clarified. The aim of the study was to determine whether there was a difference in outcome between patients arriving by EMS and those presenting directly to the ED. METHODS We prospectively collected and reviewed a cohort of all cases of severe sepsis and septic shock admitted to the medical intensive care unit from the ED from November 2009 to March 2012. Extracted data were basic demographic information (including mode of ED arrival), clinical data, and treatments. We calculated Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores. The primary outcome was mortality in severely ill patients with sepsis. RESULTS A total of 378 subjects (78%) presented by EMS and 107 subjects were walk-in patients (22%). Patients transported via EMS were older (P 4 (P < 0.02), a more altered mental status (P < 0.01), and higher respiratory rates (P < 0.05) than did walk-in patients. Patients transported by EMS had worse disease severity when measured by an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (P < 0.01) but not by SOFA score. EMS patients had a shorter time to receiving antibiotics (P = 0.02) and central line placement (P < 0.01) than did walk-in patients. In a logistic model, mortality was associated with increasing age (adjusted odds ratio 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-1.4), higher first-measured ED lactates (1.2; 95% CI 1.1-1.2), and increased initial SOFA score (adjusted odds ratio 1.2; 95% CI 1.1-1.3) but not EMS arrival or prehospital fluids. CONCLUSIONS Neither arrival by EMS nor fluid administration by EMS is associated with decreased mortality in severe sepsis.
Robust-LongSAGE (RL-SAGE)

Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is a powerful technique for large-scale transcriptome analysis in eukaryotes. However, technical difficulties in the SAGE library construction, such as low concatemer cloning efficiency, small concatemer size, and a high level of empty clones, has prohibited its widespread use as a routine technique for expression profiling in many laboratories. We recently improved the LongSAGE library construction method considerably and developed a modified version called Robust-LongSAGE, or RL-SAGE. In RL-SAGE, concatemer cloning efficiency and clone insert size were increased significantly. About 20 PCR reactions are sufficient to make a library with more than 150,000 clones. Using RL-SAGE, we have made 10 libraries of rice, maize, and the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea.
Abstract 4854: Bazedoxifene inhibits ESR1 somatic mutants with improved potency compared to tamoxifene and raloxifene

Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA Despite continued administration of antiestrogen therapies, approximately 50% of all estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) positive breast cancers will present new metastatic lesions. The acquisition of secondary hormone-resistant metastatic breast cancers represents a significant clinical barrier towards life-long disease free survival for the patient. Somatic mutations to the ERalpha gene (ESR1) Y537S and D538G represent a novel mechanism of acquired antiestrogen resistance because they confer hormone-free transcriptional activity and reduced selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) potency. Fulvestrant, a SERD, was the only molecule that could completely ablate mutant ERalpha activity. Unfortunately, fulvestrant possesses poor pharmacologic profiles that limit its therapeutic utility. Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a potent mixed SERM/SERD and has improved pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability compared to fulvestrant. We show that BZA inhibits Y537S and D538G ESR1 somatic mutation transcriptional activity with a greater potency than the SERMs 4-hydroxytamoxifen (TOT) and raloxifene (RAL). Further investigations into the biophysical and structural basis for BZA action suggest that BZA increases the conformational dynamics of helix 12, a key molecular switch that governs ERalpha action resulting in SERD-like properties and improved potency against the somatic mutations compared to TOT and RAL. Citation Format: Sean W. Fanning, Venkat Dharmarajan, Christopher G. Mayne, Weiyi Toy, Kathryn E. Carlson, Teresa A. Martin, Jason Nowak, Jerome Nwachukwu, David J. Hosfield, Emad Tajkhorshid, Sarat Chandarlapaty, Patrick Griffin, Yang Shen, John A. Katzenellenbogen, Geoffrey L. Greene. Bazedoxifene inhibits ESR1 somatic mutants with improved potency compared to tamoxifene and raloxifene. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4854.
Critique, Advocacy, and Dissemination: I’ve Got the Data and the Findings, Now What?

While any of the action methods overviewed so far can be considered appropriate for conducting advocacy research, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Action research as social justice research becomes advocacy when the project extends beyond data collection and analysis to answer research questions that also change the current status of conditions impacting teaching, learning, and working. Here, ethics are of the utmost importance, and reciprocity between researcher and participants is emphasized through dialogically based research methods to avoid exploitation. This chapter addresses strategies and avenues for using action research as a path for change and advocacy, drawing upon Augusto Boal’s participatory theater strategies for difficult dialogues, in that a focus on ethics involves mutually educative dialogue, reciprocal reflexivity, and intersubjectivity (Alexander & Mohanty, 2010; Boal, 1985, 1992; Brouwer, Mulder, Nigten, & Martz, 2005; Butler, 2005; Dill & Zambrana, 2009; Fischer, 2010; Lykes & Coquillon, 2006).
Big Data and Disease Prevention: From Quantified Self to Quantified Communities

Big data is often discussed in the context of improving medical care, but it also has a less appreciated but equally important role to play in preventing disease. Big data can facilitate action on the modifiable risk factors that contribute to a large fraction of the chronic disease burden, such as physical activity, diet, tobacco use, and exposure to pollution. It can do so by facilitating the discovery of risk factors for disease at population, subpopulation, and individual levels, and by improving the effectiveness of interventions to help people achieve healthier behaviors in healthier environments. In this article, we describe new sources of big data in population health, explore their applications, and present two case studies illustrating how big data can be leveraged for prevention. We also discuss the many implementation obstacles that must be overcome before this vision can become a reality.
Half-wavelength pitch waveguide superlattice for high-density photonic integration and space-division multiplexing

Silicon photonics can potentially transform the photonics technology owing to its low-cost fabrication and large-scale integration advantages. To this end, integration density will be the key factors for its future development. This talk will review our work on high-density waveguide integration based on waveguide superlattices. Half-wavelength pitch waveguide arrays with very low crosstalk have been demonstrated experimentally. The design principles of such waveguide arrays and the potential impact on high-density photonics integration will be discussed. We will show how physics insight can be employed to overcome some crucial limitations of integrated photonics. The applications of our work in space-division multiplexing, mode-division multiplexing, wavelength-division multiplexing, optical phased arrays, and spatial light modulators will be discussed. Further opportunities in optical interconnects and optical information processing will be presented.
Abstract 2713: Stem cell mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in the colon of wild type and immune compromised mice

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA To test the hypothesis that a role of inflammation in the etiology of cancer is associated with the production of RONS and subsequent DNA damage, we determined the mutation frequency (MF) in colonic stem cells in C57Bl/6 mice exposed to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), an inflammatory agent that is used in combination with azoxymethane (AOM) to produce colon tumors in mice. AOM produces promutagenic O6-methylguanine lesions in DNA but does not induce colon tumors in C57Bl/6 mice as a single agent. The MF's in the untreated and DSS treated WT and TCRβ-/- mice were <10-5 indicating that DSS and subsequent inflammation does not generate stem cell mutations in mice that are WT for DNA repair. AOM yielded mutant crypts in WT and TCRβ-/- mice with MF's of ∼4×10-4 and 2×10-4, respectively, which represents a statistically significance decrease in the MF in the immune compromised mice. These results suggest enhanced survival of AOM damaged stem cells in WT vs. TCRβ-/- mice. The combined treatment of AOM+DSS afforded fully mutated crypts in both strains but with a lower MF than observed with AOM alone indicating that DSS induced inflammation destroyed pre-existing AOM mutated crypts. Using the MF in WT mice, the efficiency for the conversion of an O6-methylguanine lesion into a stem cell mutation was estimated to be 0.03%. The carcinogenicity of AOM and/or DSS was evaluated in WT, TCRβ-/-, TCRδ-/- and TCRβ-/-TCRδ-/- mice. At lower DSS exposure (1.5%), there was a significant reduction in tumor incidence, multiplicity and tumor progression in the TCRβ-/- and TCRβ-/-TCRδ-/- vs. WT B6 mice. However, at higher DSS concentration (2%) the difference between the mouse strains disappeared because of an increase in the TCR null mice without a concomitant increase in the WT mice. Citation Format: Barry Gold, Ryan Whetstone. Stem cell mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in the colon of wild type and immune compromised mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2713. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2713
Targeting B-Cell Lymphoma with Idiotype-Specific Peptibodies: Toward a Personalized and Tumor-Specific Therapy

Abstract Abstract 3713 Background: The complementarity determining region, or idiotype, of the surface immunoglobulin receptor is a tumor-specific marker on B-cell lymphomas that is unique to each patient. Antibodies against idiotype can induce complete regression of lymphoma in patients, but since this therapeutic approach requires the generation of a custom monoclonal antibody for each patient, it has not been practical. Objective: Here we describe a method for targeting the idiotype on the surface of a B-cell lymphoma by using synthetic idiotype-ligands covalently linked to a recombinant IgG Fc domain ( Figure 1 A). These peptide idiotype-ligands can be identified through oligopeptide library screens and produced inexpensively by automated solid-phase synthesis. Linkage of idiotype-ligands to the Fc domain serves two purposes: to enhance their pharmacokinetics and to augment their anti-tumor effect by activating immune effector functions. Since each patient-specific peptide can be chemically linked to a common IgG Fc domain, this modular construct design yields a patient-specific therapeutic that does not require the production of a custom biologic macromolecule for each patient. Results: Idiotype peptide-ligands were produced by solid-phase synthesis and covalently linked to the amino-terminus of a recombinant mouse IgG2a Fc domain by native chemical ligation, a method for site-selective polypeptide ligation. The resulting peptibody demonstrated targeted killing of a human lymphoma cell line in vitro by crosslinking surface immunoglobulin and triggering activation-induced death. Additionally, the peptibody triggered complement-mediated cytotoxicity of opsonized lymphoma cells in vitro and activated natural killer cells co-cultured with opsonized lymphoma cells. The peptibody exhibited a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and peptibody treatment was sufficient to clear tumor in SCID mice challenged intravenously with a luciferase-labeled human lymphoma cell line (p = 0.0018; Figure 1 B-D). Conclusions: Idiotype-specific peptibodies demonstrate multimodal activity against lymphoma cells in vitro and clear human lymphoma in a disseminated xenograft model. The modular design of this therapeutic may enable a personalized and targeted therapy that is feasible to produce for patients with B-cell lymphoma. Download : Download high-res image (17KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Nonspecific Headache Diagnosed as a Brain Colloid Cyst with Hydrocephalus

A 29-year-old male presented to our emergency department with complaints of a left frontal headache, similar to his prior headaches. He also reported about 30 minutes of facial and tongue numbness, left arm weakness, slurred speech and changes in hearing that had resolved prior to his arrival. Despite the short duration of the other neurologic symptoms, he also endorsed persistent “dizziness.” Despite his history of recurrent headaches, he had never had any neuroimaging. This, as well as his reports of new neurological symptoms, prompted his care team to obtain a non-contrast brain computed tomography. The findings were consistent with a mass with mild hydrocephalus. Patient underwent neurosurgical resection of the mass at a tertiary center. He did well after surgery and was discharged on postop day 6 with a diagnosis of colloid cyst.
Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a secondary cause of hypertension (1). RAS causes renal ischemia which leads to renin release from the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys (2). Renin release activates conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and increases adrenal gland release of aldosterone (3). Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction, and aldosterone causes increased retention of sodium and water, both leading to renovascular hypertension (RVHT) (3). RVHT occurs in 1% to 5% of persons with hypertension and in 20% to 40% of persons with severe refractory hypertension or persons having diagnostic coronary angiography (4). Atherosclerotic RAS is the most common cause of RVHT (5).
Skew-Resistant Graph Partitioning

Large graph datasets have caused renewed interest for graph partitioning. However, existing well-studied graph partitioners often assume that vertices of the graph are always active during the computation, which may lead to time-varying skewness for traversal-style graph workloads, like Breadth First Search, since they only explore part of the graph in each superstep. Additionally, existing solutions do not consider what vertices each partition will have, as a result, high-degree vertices may be concentrated into a few partitions, causing imbalance. Towards this, we introduce the idea of skew-resistant graph partitioning, where the objective is to create an initial partitioning that will "hold well" over time without suffering from skewness. Skewresistant graph partitioning tries to mitigate skewness by taking the characteristics of both the target workload and the graph structure into consideration.
A Comparison of the Downstream Predictability Associated with ET and Baroclinic Cyclones

AbstractThe impact of the extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones and baroclinic cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific (WNP), Atlantic, and southern Indian Ocean (SIO) basins on the predictability of the downstream midlatitude flow is assessed using 30 years of cases from the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) Reforecast, version 2. In all three basins, ET is associated with statistically larger 500-hPa geopotential height forecast standard deviation (SD) compared to the forecast climatology. The higher SD values originate from where the TC enters the midlatitudes and spread downstream at the group velocity of the associated wave packet. Of the three basins, WNP ET is associated with the largest amplitude and longest-lasting SD anomalies. Forecasts initialized 2–4 days prior to the onset of ET have larger SD anomalies compared to forecasts initialized during or after the onset of ET. By contrast, the region of positive SD anomaly associated with winter baroclinic cyclones is confined to...
Prompting and Language in Metacognitive Instructional Design for Digital Science Learning: Implications for Teaching in Medical Schools

In science education at all levels, including in medical school, the use of digital technology-based learning has become ubiquitous. While digital learning tools hold much promise for science education, the question arises as to whether or not such technology can serve as an adequate surrogate for the teacher-student interactions that theorists like Lev Vygotsky (1978) underscored as being critical to learning. In response to such concerns, designers of digital curricula often utilize scaffolds to help students as they learn from such programs. Using a simulation designed to teach students about the concept of diffusion as an example, I examine the effect of including prompting language in the learning sequence of the simulation. The use of prompting language in digital curriculum appears to be successful because it elicits science students to reflect and metacognise about their learning, lending support to Vygotskyâ€™s (1978) ideas of teaching and learning involving outer and inner dialog. However, findings from think aloud data continue to underscore the importance of human linguistic exchange as a preferable learning paradigm.
Promoting Generalized Advanced Language Skills of Children in Intensive Behavioral Intervention with Promoting the Emergence of Advanced Knowledge Generalization Module (PEAK–G)

The Promoting the Emergence of Advanced Knowledge Relational Training System Generalization Module (PEAK-G; Dixon, 2014) was used within a community-based intensive behavioral intervention (IBI) program to enhance the generalized advanced language skills of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Four multiple-baseline, across-behaviors designs were used to assess the effectiveness of the PEAK-G "train and test" discrete trial training (DTT) method on directly trained and generalized language skills. After implementing PEAK-G, directly trained language skills increased for all participants, and generalization to test stimuli was observed for two participants, with some generalization observed for a third participant. These data suggest that PEAK-G may be a viable option for community-based practitioners to promote more advanced generalized language skills to children who have mastered early language skills.
Buffered-Interconnect Performance and Power Dissipation in 3D ICs with Temperature Profile

We generate, then analyse and evaluate the buffered interconnect performance and power dissipation in 3DICs with vertical temperature distribution. Wire distribution in all device layers in 3D ICs is generated at the floorplanning level. The floorplanner optimizes simultaneously blocks' and TSV islands' locations to reduce delay and power. We assume a heat sink is located at the bottom of the stack and temperature increases up the stacked layers. We noticed that weak increase in wire delay with temperature reduces the buffer insertion length and rises the number of needed buffers. More buffers with a considerable increase in buffer delay and leakage power impacts interconnect performance. It is shown that without including vertical temperature profile a prediction of 3D ICs performance and power dissipation could be strongly over- or underestimated. It also means that quality of 3D layout solutions generated during early optimization stages of physical design can be questionable. The percentage of overestimation and underestimation depend on location of the heatsink, the temperature profile and the benchmark itself. In tested benchmarks, we noticed up to 55% underestimation of the interconnect delay, 31 % in buffer count and 63% and higher in interconnect power consumption as compared to typically used room-temperature interconnect parameters' values.
VAD therapy 20/20: moving beyond the myopic view of a nascent therapy

The past five years have seen remarkable growth in the use of durable, continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) with associated improvements in mortality, quality of life, functionality and end-organ function. To sustain the growth of this important therapy, the LVAD community must now address key issues focused around the costs of LVAD care, refined patient selection, and reducing complications associated with this therapy. In this perspective piece, we discuss many of these issues.
Feed Ingredients | Feed Supplements: Anionic Salts

Low-calcium diets reduce the risk for milk fever in dairy cattle. However, strict feeding of low-calcium diets is often difficult or impractical in practice. An alternative and often more effective means of milk fever prevention is acidification through diet. Diets may be made acidogenic (lowered dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD)) by selecting feed ingredients that are inherently acidogenic, by feeding or orally dosing anionic salts, or by adding mineral acids to the diet. The potential of a diet to cause either metabolic alkalosis or acidosis can be estimated by calculating its DCAD. The equations used to calculate DCAD and the units used to express it vary among dairy publications and ration evaluation software programs. Recent meta-analyses support the use of the original and simplest DCAD equation, where DCAD (meq) = (Na + K)-(Cl + S). Lowering DCAD linearly reduces the risk for milk fever. Monitoring urinary pH after feeding supplemental anions is a direct approach to establishing the optimal dose of anions within a dairy herd. Dietary acidification has important practical limitations and cannot be fully applied in all feeding management situations.