cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analyzing fMRI data with graph-based visualizations of self-organizing maps

Self-organizing mapping (SOM) is a topology-preserving unsupervised manifold learning technique that maps high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional (often a 2-D) space. SOM has been successfully used as a data-driven approach for model-free functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis. However, effective clustering or interpretation of the prototypes (weight vectors) in the map is necessary to delineate fine cluster structures and features of interest in the data. In this work, we used graph-based visualization techniques to capture neighborhood relations among the SOM prototypes based upon (i) distribution of data across the receptive fields of the prototypes and (ii) temporal similarities (correlations) in the prototypes. These help in advanced visualization of cluster boundaries in fMRI data enabling the separation of regions with small onset differences (delays) in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses in visual cortex and possibly other regions of brain.
COMPLETE RENAL EMBOLIZATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO NEPHRECTOMY

AbstractPurpose: Simple nephrectomy is technically demanding in patients with recurrent inflammation or bleeding. It is also unwise to subject patients in poor health to the rigors of an extensive operative procedure. We report our experience with complete renal embolization as a safe and reliable alternative to surgical nephrectomy.Materials and Methods: Eight patients underwent complete renal embolization as an alternative to nephrectomy. Patients were given antibiotics intravenously before and after embolization. Six patients with indwelling nephrostomy tubes received post-embolization instillation of 80 mg. gentamicin before tube removal. Narcotic analgesics were also given as needed for pain control. Post-embolization hospital course was noted.Results: The indications for embolization included hydronephrotic, poorly functioning kidneys with pain in 5 cases, and recurrent bleeding from angiomyolipoma, bleeding after percutaneous resection of renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma with metastases and...
Sir Hans Sloane's Contributions to Ocular Therapy, Scientific Journalism, and the Creation of the British Museum

Sir Hans Sloane, MD, (1660-1753) is best known today for his collections of books, manuscripts, and curiosities, which formed the nucleus of the British Museum at its creation the year he died. Sloane wrote about the eye from the level of knowledge of the most informed physicians of his day. He was a long-term editor of the first scientific journal published in English and was instrumental in establishing the type of scientific literature we depend on today.
Simplex equations and their solutions

We investigate ann-simplex generalization of the classical and quantum Yang-Baxter equation. For the case ofsl(2) we find the most general solution of the classicaln-simplex equation for alln. These classical solutions can be quantized (in the sense of quantum group theory) forn=2,3 and we exhibit a quantum solution to the tetrahedron equations (n=3). The classical nondegenerate solutions cannot be quantized forn=4.
Contemporary Outcomes for Children With Hearing Loss

Abstract Although outcomes for children with cochlear implants have been the focus of investigation in the past 20 years, children with hearing loss in the mild-to severe range have received much less attention from researchers. This brief article discusses the current state of knowledge regarding children with all degrees of hearing loss.
Source Code Plagiarism Detection Using Biological String Similarity Algorithms

Source code plagiarism is easy to commit but difficult to catch. Many approaches have been proposed in the literature to automate its detection; however there is little consensus on what works best. In this paper, we propose two new measures for determining the accuracy of a given technique and describe an approach to convert code files into strings which can then be compared for similarity in order to detect plagiarism. We then compare several string comparison techniques, heavily utilised in the area of biological sequence alignment, and compare their performance on a large collection of student source code containing various types of plagiarism. Experimental results show that the compared techniques succeed in matching a plagiarised file to its original files upwards of 90% of the time. Finally, we propose a modification for these algorithms that drastically improves their runtimes with little or no effect on accuracy. Even though the ideas presented herein are applicable to most programming languages, we focus on a case study pertaining to an introductory-level Visual Basic programming course offered at our institution.
SGLS/TDRSS waveform comparison

DOD satellite control is currently implemented by several networks including the Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN), the Navy Satellite Control Network (NSCN), and various dedicated networks. Alternative satellite control architectures are being considered to reduce cost. The use of relay satellites in future architectures has the potential for reducing cost and reliance on overseas ground installations. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) is being considered as a potential means of providing the space-ground connectivity that is currently provided by the Space-Ground Link System (SGLS) within the AFSCN. This paper compares the SGLS and TDRSS waveforms for interoperability.
Maturity of human immunodeficiency virus infection and incubation period of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in injecting drug users

Abstract This study was aimed at estimating the maturity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in cohorts of injecting drug users with existing HIV infection at the time of first observation, and using this information to estimate the incubation period of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in this population group. The method imputed the “missing” time from seroconversion to first observation for seroprevalent subjects in a combined cohort including injecting drug users from New York (n = 246) and Baltimore (n = 621). Imputation relied on a probability model predicting time since seroconversion on the basis of two markers of maturity of HIV infection: percent of CD4+ lymphocytes and platelet count. The model was developed from data observed in a combined cohort of subjects from New York (n = 24) and Baltimore (n = 112) who had incident HIV infections. The estimates of median time since seroconversion for the Baltimore and Bronx seroprevalent subcohorts were 28 and 39 months, respectively. The total time from seroconversion to AIDS was then estimated for the incident plus completed-prevalent cohorts using a modified version of the nonparametric product-limit method. The results showed that approximately 95% (95% confidence interval: 90 to 98%) of drug users remained AIDS-free 2 years after seroconversion; 83% (74–91 %), 4 years after seroconversion; and 72% (61–82%), 6 years after seroconversion. Median time to AIDS was 10.2 years, with an estimated 95% confidence interval of 7.9 to 12.3 years. Consistency of these results with those derived from large cohorts of homosexual men indicate that the HIV incubation distributions for drug users and homosexual men are similar.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Cutaneous Wounds

Background: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment of wounds results in accelerated wound closure, increased granulation tissue formation, and increased angiogenesis. These adult stem cells exert their therapeutic effects primarily by secreting soluble factors that regulate cellular responses to cutaneous injury. The Problem: There is an urgent need for novel therapies for the treatment of wounds with delayed healing. Current treatment options for chronic nonhealing wounds and burns are limited and not always effective, despite significant advances in wound care including application of bioengineered skin equivalents and growth factors. Basic/Clinical Science Advances: The three target articles advance the field by addressing critical gaps in knowledge about MSC function and mechanism during wound healing. The first target article provides the first evidence that MSCs regulate macrophage phenotype in wounds. The second target article demonstrates that diabetes mellitus impairs the ability of MSCs to promot...
SUMMARY OF THE WORKSHOP ON THE EARLY UNIVERSE

Some new contributions to the theory of the early universe are summarized, emphasizing possible failures of the standard model as well as connections between cosmology and particle physics. Contributions bearing on the relict photon radiation, on nucleosynthesis, and on baryosynthesis are discussed. Publications bearing on the magnetic monopole problem and on the initial cosmological singularity are evaluated in the context of elementary particle phase transitions, and the effects of low mass neutrinos on the formation of galaxies and other bound systems are discussed.
Noninvasive microwave technique for hemodynamic assessments

Pulmonary edema, accumulation of fluid in the lungs is often measured and analyzed after medical and surgical procedures, since pulmonary edema is commonly linked to cases of congestive heart failure (CHF) and kidney failures. Like pulmonary edema, hemodynamic assessments do not occur until after an acute cardiac episode. Early detection of pulmonary edema and routine monitoring of cardiac functions such as cardiac output (CO) - the product of stroke volume and heart rate, would be beneficial for surgical patients as well as others suffering from acute cardiac and pulmonary illnesses. Available diagnostic tools such as the Pulmonary Artery Catheterization are invasive and diagnostic techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Computerized Active Tomography (CAT) Scans are expensive, cumbersome, and not suitable for continuous monitoring. In addition, techniques such as the double indicator dilution method, the electrical impedance plethysmography, and the re-breathing method are impractical for clinical use because of limitations on sensitivity, consistency, and simplicity [1]. To overcome difficulties with above conventional techniques, an electromagnetic (EM) method has been investigated for this application. Specifically, an EM energy coupler and the associated measurement method have been developed to simultaneously measure breathing rate in addition to the changes in lung water content [2,3]. Specifically, a two-port EM sensor has been developed for animal and phantom experiments [3–5]. In these phantom and animal experiments it is shown that variation of lung water contents and breathing rate can clearly be monitored by the proposed technique.
Spectroscopic investigations of the nonlinear response of poly (4-BCMU) films

Two distinct third-order nonlinear optical techniques, third harmonic generator and four-wave mixing, have been used in three independent experiments to probe the frequency dispersion of the nonlinear optical response of thin solid films of a specific x-electron conjugated polydiacetylene polymer, the red form of poly(CBCMU). Comparison with two molecular models, the essential states and the anharmonic oscillator shows a qualitative agreement, possible reasons for the deviations are discussed. Polymers with n-electron conjugated backbones have been proposed as candidate nonlinear materials for all-optical applications because they exhibit some of the highest ultrafast nonlinear optical coefficients [ 11. Therefore understanding the origin of such large nonlinearities is of paramount importance not only in the field of nonlinear optics but also in biology and quantum physics [ 2 1. Modelling of the nonlinear optical response of one-dimensional n-electron conjugated systems has concentrated on isolated molecules and has evolved into a periodic, one-dimensional, Htickel-like Hamiltonian with electron correlations included [ 3-5 1. It has been shown that the electron correlations are sufficiently strong to affect the positions of the one- (B,) and two-photon (A,) active states. It is in the treatment of electron correlation in the ground and excited states that many of the approximations enter the different theories [ $6 1. Cal
4 Albumin, the natural colloid: experimental data and clinical implications

The fluid replacement chosen for surgical applications and shock resuscitation continues to be debated. Historically, the controversy is centred on the use of colloid versus electrolyte solutions. Studies of electrolyte solutions in resuscitation often utilize a model of haemorrhagic shock, while colloid solution study models generally involve septic or ischaemic shock, with corresponding loss of plasma proteins. Survival variables and resuscitation criteria are main factors in evaluating infusion agents in clinical practice. The colloid dose-volume-concentration relationship is crucial in extrapolating experimental studies to clinical applications, as failure to consider any variable may result in mortality. Principles of albumin dosing, volume and concentration are related to survival variables in experimental plasma loss types of shock. The derivations of these principles have been tested clinically using renal transplantation as a unique single organ clinical shock model, evaluating the importance of colloid administration in early optimization of organ function and graft survival.
The Relevance of African Culture in Building Modern Institutions and the Quest for Legal Pluralism

In light of the continued debate on the relevance and compatibility of traditional institutions to the modern state institutions in Africa, this Article attempts to highlight the significance of traditional institutions to improving governance in Africa and to prospects for improving the democratic features of traditional institutions to meet the demands of modern institutional development. The Article in particular argues that dismissing the relevance of traditional institutions by claiming they are incompatible to modern institutional values is not only inaccurate, but it also may further alienate the role of traditional institutions in Africa. The Article addresses divergent issues that help put the issue in perspective. The Article consists of three parts. Part I of the Article discuses the debate on the universalist versus relativist approach in relation to democratic and human rights principles and the impact of the ongoing debate on the nature of governance needed in Africa. Part II of the Article continues to highlight the features of African traditional institutions that have wider relevance to the principles of modern democracy. The last Part of the Article argues for the emergence of a system of legal pluralism whereby the formal and informal institutions flourish side-by-side until the informal systems are gradually integrated into the formal institutional system.
The metamathematics of Fraïssé's order type conjecture

A well ordering has the property that any non-empty subset has a minimum element. In [Girard (i) ATR0 proves that the collection S n of countable scattered linear orderings at level n of the Hausdorff hierarchy is better quasi ordered (bqo), and (ii) ATR0 proves that "if α is an ordinal and Q is bqo then Q α is bqo".
Studies on Vitamin B12 Binders of Human Serum (I) Isolation and Characterization

SummaryA DEAE-cellulose column chromatographic technique for rapid separation of TC II, TC III and TC I from 0.5 ml of normal human serum is described. The molecular weights of TC II, TC III and TC I, as determined by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200 columns were found to be 40,000, 100,000 and 120,000 respectively. On electrophoresis, TC II moves as a β-globulin, TC I between α1 and α2-globulin, and TC III between β and α2-globulin.
Smart Device and Network Based Control of a Compliant Ankle-Foot-Orthosis

Ankle Foot Orthoses (AFO) are externally applied devices that control the foot and ankle joint complex. The goal of this project is to create a smart device and network based mobile control, communicator and mechanical performance analyzer for a prototype AFO, which is powered by artificial pneumatic muscles to aid walking in patients with ankle and foot injuries. The preliminary proof of concept study of the system to improve comfort and offer settings control will be presented. It can potentially provide a higher computing and analyzing power in the design of medical devices by the combination of smart mobile device technology with microcontrollers and Internet.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Fission and emission of H and He in the reactions of 215 MeV 16 O with 181 Ta, 208 Pb and 238 U

The reactions of 215 MeV16O with12C,181Ta,208Pb and238U have been studied. Inclusive measurements for4He emission are given from each target, and for fission and1,2,3H from Ta, Pb and U. For H/He a high-energy, forward-peaked component is observed with characteristics similar to those reported by others. At backward angles a low-energy, nearly-isotropic component is also observed for4He that cannot be accounted for by emission from fully accelerated fission products. The spectral shapes for this evaporative component are compared with statistical model calculations, and information is obtained concerning the effective barriers to emission. For the reactions of16O with12C, complete fusion seems to be overwhelmed by incomplete fusion. Fission angular distributions and cross sections are also presented and discussed.
Real Time Monitoring of the Optical Properties of CW Laser Annealed Silicon

The surface reflectivity of ion implanted silicon is a function of the entire past history of the material, including the nature of the implanted species and the implant dose. It is influenced by interference effects, arising from discontinuities in index of refraction at the surface and at the boundary between damaged and undamaged material. The reflectivity may be either higher or lower than that of the unimplanted silicon. As the crystalline silicon regrows from below, the reflectivity changes because of variable constructive or destructive interference. This paper describes monitoring of the surface reflectivity during continuous laser annealing. The beam from a continuous argon ion laser is scanned in a raster pattern over the silicon surface. The surface reflectivity for a HeNe laser beam is monitored as a function of time during crystalline regrowth. The reflectivity contains an oscillatory component which arises because of changes in interference due to the decreasing thickness of the noncrystalline layer. The oscillatory behavior produces a signature characteristic of the annealing. The reflectivity monitoring technique is useful for investigating the influence of parameters such as the spatial profile of the laser beam and the implantation dose on the annealing characteristics. The results are correlated with measurements of the depth profile of the implanted ions, as revealed by anodic oxidation and stripping.
On the Relationship between Income Inequality and Economic Development under Credit Constraints of Entrepreneurs

Based on the relationship between entrepreneurial activities and economic development,this paper constructs a unified growth model under an imperfect credit market and analyzes the effect of income inequality on economic development.The analysis shows that the impact of income inequality on economic growth depends on the development stage of the economy.At the early stage of economic development,income inequality promotes the entrepreneurial activities through reducing individual credit constraints,thereby improving the increase in income per capita.At the medium-level development stage at which the economy has surpassed the poverty trap,a more equal income distribution will enable more individuals to dissolve the credit constraints and engage in entrepreneurial activities,thereby improving the increase in income per capita of the whole society.At the high-level development stage,there are no credit constraints in entrepreneurial activities,so income inequality will no longer affect income per capita.
Local Ancestry Inference in a Large US-Based Hispanic/Latino Study: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

We estimated local ancestry on the autosomes and X chromosome in a large US-based study of 12,793 Hispanic/Latino individuals using the RFMix method, and we compared different reference panels and approaches to local ancestry estimation on the X chromosome by means of Mendelian inconsistency rates as a proxy for accuracy. We developed a novel and straightforward approach to performing ancestry-specific PCA after finding artifactual behavior in the results from an existing approach. Using the ancestry-specific PCA, we found significant population structure within African, European, and Amerindian ancestries in the Hispanic/Latino individuals in our study. In the African ancestral component of the admixed individuals, individuals whose grandparents were from Central America clustered separately from individuals whose grandparents were from the Caribbean, and also from reference Yoruba and Mandenka West African individuals. In the European component, individuals whose grandparents were from Puerto Rico diverged partially from other background groups. In the Amerindian ancestral component, individuals clustered into multiple different groups depending on the grandparental country of origin. Therefore, local ancestry estimation provides further insight into the complex genetic structure of US Hispanic/Latino populations, which must be properly accounted for in genotype-phenotype association studies. It also provides a basis for admixture mapping and ancestry-specific allele frequency estimation, which are useful in the identification of risk factors for disease.
Realized Volatility and Mixing Distributions

Stock price densities in an uncorrelated stochastic volatility model can be represented as certain mixtures of Black-Scholes densities. The role of a mixing factor in such a representation is played by the distribution of a realized volatility (a time-average of the volatility process). For a correlated model, mixing distributions may be higher-dimensional. For example, in the correlated Heston model and the correlated Hull-White model with driftless volatility, mixing distributions are two-dimensional, while in the general correlated Hull-White model and in the correlated Stein-Stein model, they are three-dimensional. The higher-dimensional mixing distributions in the models mentioned above are joint distributions of different combinations of the volatility, the variance, the integrated volatility, and the integrated variance. This chapter provides various representations of the stock price density in stochastic volatility models as special integral transforms of mixing distributions.
Abstract 5110: The role of autophagy in the tumor microenvironment

Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic breeding ground for the selection of aggressive tumor cells with an advantage of survival and metastatic potential. Autophagy has emerged as a powerful cellular process that can greatly influence how cancer cells respond to nutrient deprivation and hypoxic stress, the hallmarks of the TME. However, the physiological importance of hypoxia-regulated autophagy remains unknown. Here, we used a novel hypoxia-dependent reversible dominant-negative strategy, which allowed for physiological regulation of autophagy at the cellular level during tumor growth and metastasis and creates a heterogeneous population comprised of autophagy-competent and autophagy-deficient tumor cells. We demonstrate that the suppression of autophagy by HIF1-α dependent ULK1 inhibition within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment enhances the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Functional proteomic and transcriptome analysis indicated that the loss of hypoxia-regulated autophagy promotes metastasis through extracellular remodeling pathways, primarily through induction of the fibronectin-integrin signaling axis, along with LOX-mediated extracellular remodeling and pre-metastatic niche formation. In this way, the role of physiological hypoxia regulated autophagy was assessed for the first time in a triple negative breast cancer model. Currently, we are exploring the interplay between autophagy-competent and autophagy-deficient tumor cells within the TME, and how it relates to metastasis. Although the importance of autophagy in tumor-stromal interactions has recently become appreciated, the role autophagy plays in tumor cell-tumor cell interactions remains unknown. Through investigation of these intra-tumor cell networks, we can elucidate the precise mechanism of how physiologically-regulated autophagy in tumor cells influences the surrounding TME and tumor progression. Citation Format: Christopher M. Dower, Hong-Gang Wang. The role of autophagy in the tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5110.
The Rare Earths as Critical Materials

Abstract The rare-earth elements became the focus of worldwide attention when prices spiked in 2010 and 2011. The underlying causes of the price spike relate to the criticality of these materials in many of their technological applications. We describe the issues that make a material critical, analyze the supplies and potential sources of rare earths, their current and potential uses, and describe the research needs to reduce their supply-chain risks.
Das Rote Meer

Bei Agypten als regionaler Grosmacht denkt man gemeinhin nur an drei vorchristlichen Jahrtausende des Pharaonenreichs. Dabei wird aber vergessen, dass es vor kaum 200 Jahren noch einmal zu einer der Zeit Pharao Ramses dem Grosen vergleichbaren Gebietsausdehnung gelangte. Schon bald nachdem Mehmed Ali die Mamelucken von der Herrschaft verdrangt hatte, brachte er durch Eroberungszuge ab 1813 weite Teile Arabiens bis hinab zum Bab-el-Mandeb, der Tranentor genannten Meerenge zum Arabischen Meer, und ab 1820 den Sudan und Eritraa unter seine Herrschaft. Wahrend Arabien fast vollstandig schon 1841 wieder verloren ging, konnte Agypten doch bis zur kolonialen Aufteilung Afrikas durch die Europaer in den 1880er Jahren seine afrikanischen Eroberungen grosenteils bewahren. Damit war das Rote Meer im 19. Jahrhundert fur einige Jahrzehnte beinahe so etwas wie ein agyptisches Binnenmeer! Allerdings zeichnen alle Berichte das Bild von Hafen, Schiffahrt und Fischerei in vormoderner Stagnation.
Two Hypothetical Citizens

The process of political socialization is illustrated in stories of two fictional citizens. Sam Evans was born in San Francisco in 1936 to a prosperous business executive and his Japanese wife. His parents were staunch conservatives and Republicans. However, his social and education experiences led him to adopt a very different political identity. The impact of his adult career as a journalist, his marriage, and the political socialization of his son are described.
Mechanical verification of SAT refutations with extended resolution

We present a mechanically-verified proof checker developed with the ACL2 theorem-proving system that is general enough to support the growing variety of increasingly complex satisfiability (SAT) solver techniques, including those based on extended resolution. A common approach to assure the correctness of SAT solvers is to emit a proof of unsatisfiability when no solution is reported to exist. Contemporary proof checkers only check logical equivalence using resolution-style inference. However, some state-of-the-art, conflict-driven clause-learning SAT solvers use preprocessing, inprocessing, and learning techniques, that cannot be checked solely by resolution-style inference. We have developed a mechanically-verified proof checker that assures refutation clauses preserve satisfiability. We believe our approach is sufficiently expressive to validate all known SAT-solver techniques.
Retained Antibiotic Spacers After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Resections: High Complication Rates.

Abstract Background Prolonged retention of an antibiotic spacer is occasionally chosen during treatment of periprosthetic joint infections after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the outcome of extended spacer retention. Methods We reviewed 1106 cases of periprosthetic joint infection after THA (n = 308) and TKA (n = 798) and identified 17 (5.5%) retained hip and 34 (4.3%) retained knee spacers. Most patients (35 of 51, 69%) underwent spacer retention because they were medically unfit for further surgery. The remaining patients (16 of 51, 31%) had acceptable function and forewent further surgery. Competing risk analyses, with death as the competing risk, determined the cumulative incidence of reinfection and spacer revision. Radiographic analysis and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results The 2-year cumulative incidence for reinfection was 7% for retained hip and 13% for retained knee spacers. The cumulative incidence for all-cause spacer revision was 28% at 4 years for hips and 21% at 2 years for knees. The most common complications were implant migration and femoral spacer subsidence in the hip cohort, and supracondylar femur fractures and spacer dislocations in the knee cohort. The cumulative incidence for radiographic signs of mechanical failure was 72% and 87% at late follow-up for the hip and knee groups, respectively. The latest Harris Hip Score and Knee Society Score were 62 and 63, respectively. Conclusion Antibiotic spacer retention is a rare event in the course of planned 2-stage treatment of infected THA or TKA. Failure secondary to recurrent infection is uncommon; however, failure for mechanical reasons is frequent and clinical outcomes are relatively poor.
Minor changes in salicylidene/α-hydroxy acid-containing chelates cause major changes in structure and photochemistry of their Fe(III) complexes

Abstract The Sal-AHA chelates, which include a salicylidene moiety and an α-hydroxy acid moiety, have been shown to form trinuclear [Fe 3 (Sal-AHA) 3 (μ 3 -OR)] − clusters with Fe(III) that are photochemically active. Several minor modifications have been made to the chelate structure to evaluate the effects of different aspects of the chelate design on both the structure and the photochemistry of their Fe(III) complexes. Small steric changes have little effect on either overall structure or photochemistry. Shifting the position of the hydroxy group (α vs. β to the carboxylate), which bridges the irons in the cluster, also does not disrupt the trinuclear structure. However, shortening the length of the carbon chain between the salicylidene and the carboxylate results in loss of the trinuclear structure, forming FeL 2 complexes instead. Factors that are important to the quantum yield in the photochemical reaction include both the position of the hydroxy group with respect to the carboxylate and the number of Fe(III) ions in the complex.
Effects of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter on Anthracene Photolysis Kinetics in Aqueous Solution and Ice.

We have measured photolysis kinetics of the PAH anthracene in aqueous solution, in bulk ice, and at ice surfaces in the presence and absence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Self-association, which occurs readily at ice surfaces, may be responsible for the faster anthracene photolysis observed there. Photolysis rate constants in liquid water increased significantly under conditions where significant anthracene self-association was observed. Concomitantly, kinetics changed from first order to second order, indicating that the photolysis mechanism at ice surfaces might be different than that in aqueous solution. Other factors that could lead to faster photolysis at ice surfaces were also investigated. Increased photon fluxes due to scattering in the ice samples can account for at most 20% of the observed rate increase, and other factors including singlet oxygen (1O2*) production and changes in pH and polarity were determined not to be responsible for the faster photolysis. CDOM (in the form ...
Identification of targets of IL-13 and STAT6 signaling in polycystic kidney disease.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a life-threatening, highly prevalent monogenic disease caused by mutations in polycystin-1 (PC1) in 85% of patients. We have previously ident...
Energy dependence of the spatial distribution of inelastically scattered electrons in backscatter electron diffraction

In an electron backscatter diffraction pattern (EBSP), the angular distribution of backscattered electrons (BSEs) depends on their energy. Monte Carlo modeling of their depth and energy distributions suggests that the highest energy BSEs are more likely to hit the bottom of the detector than the top. In this paper, we examine experimental EBSPs to validate the modeled angular BSE distribution. To that end, the Kikuchi bandlet method is employed to measure the width of Kikuchi bands in both modeled and measured EBSPs. The results show that in an EBSP obtained with a 15 keV primary probe, the width of a Kikuchi band varies by about $0.{4}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ from the bottom of the EBSD detector to its top. The same is true for a simulated pattern that is composed of BSEs with 5 keV to 15 keV energies, which validates the Monte Carlo simulations.
Biogeochemical cycling of methylmercury at Barn Island Salt Marsh, Stonington, CT, USA

Monomethylmercury (MMHg) is toxic, and is the primary form of Hg thatbioaccumulates in the food web. An understanding of its distribution,production, and transport is needed. Prior investigations indicate thatmethylation is mediated by sulfate-reducing bacteria, yet limited in highsulfate environments. High rates of microbial respiration and strong oxygengradients are found in salt marshes. It is hypothesized that significant in situ methylation takes place in the redox transition zone of sulfate rich(≥ 28 mM) salt marsh sediment. Results from a water column surveyof Barn Island Salt Marsh in October 1996 showed that ca. 61pmol m-2 d-1 of dissolved MMHg were discharged toadjacent coastal waters, while 16 pmol m-2 d-1 ofparticulate MMHg were entrained in the marsh, implying an in situsource. In-sediment MMHg production rates were determined by203Hg radiotracer studies. At the surface, methylation rates variedover both long (i.e., 100's m; 11–1120 pmol m-2 d-1) andshort (i.e., 10 cm; 11–108 pmol m-2 d-1) spatial scales. Methylation rate profiles from both low and high MMHg production sitesexhibited an exponential decrease below the redox transition zone. Porewater was collected with multi-chambered in situ dialysis (30 kDa)samplers [Peepers] and analyzed for MMHg. Temporal differences in porewater MMHg accumulation (i.e., May > September > November)were found. Results from May showed a significant gradient at thesediment water interface. The transport out of the sediments estimated byFick's Law (ca. 390 pmol MMHg m-2 d-1) suggeststhat MMHg entered the marsh water by diffusion. This workdemonstrates the potential for elevated in situ Hg methylation in highsulfate environments.
The Breathing Bark

It is no wonder that fairytales frequently feature a forest as the place of initiation. Inside a dense dark wood the naive venturer enters the realm of the metaphorical unconscious. Evil lurks, death happens, people get pushed into ovens. There are witches and hunters. Fairytale forests are fantasy places where demonic presences dwell, as they do in nightmare.
Singing Pedagogy in the Twenty-First Century: A Look Toward the Future

This article evaluates the current state of singing pedagogy, and explores some of the directions the profession might take as time moves forward. Primary focus is on three areas: the role of voice science and technology, the burgeoning field of the singing health specialist, and specialized training programs in singing pedagogy. In many ways, contemporary voice science has revolutionized understanding of the human voice, leading to new methods for training the singing voice. These advances are particularly apparent in the application of acoustic voice analysis in teacher education and as biofeedback in singer training. Singing Health Specialists, sometimes called vocologists, are increasingly in demand as liaisons between the medical and artistic communities. Efforts are underway to establish qualifications for this profession, along with criteria and curricula for training and certifying practitioners. Historically, the most important qualification expected of singing teachers was a successful career as a performer: it was assumed that if you could sing, you also could teach. Practical experience often demonstrated the fallacy of this assumption. Teacher training programs are increasingly common in the academy, focusing on the educational needs of singers for whom teaching is the primary career goal, and for professional singers who seek to move from the stage to the teaching studio.
The Role of Interventional Radiology in the Management of Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Abstract This review article is intended to serve as an introductory reference to the clinical management of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) by interventional radiologists. This article focuses on the role of the nursing staff participating alongside the interventional radiologist in the patients' care. A discussion regarding presentation of GIB, workup, and postendoscopic role of interventional radiology (IR) is presented. Special emphasis is placed on the postprocedural care issues that are relevant specifically to nursing staff as they relate IR. Several sample cases are provided to illustrate common etiologies, presentations, and clinical management of GIB, with special emphasis on the role of IR.
OLDER ADULTS DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE: ASSOCIATIONS WITH MARIJUANA USE AND RISK PERCEPTIONS

Despite increasing marijuana use among older adults, little research has been done on marijuana’s impact on their driving under the influence (DUI). Using the 2013 to 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data, this study examined the association of older adults’ (N=15,302, aged 50+) self-reported DUI with marijuana use, marijuana use disorder, and marijuana risk perception. All analyses were conducted with Stata/MP 14’s svy function to account for NSDUH’s complex sampling design. The findings show that 10.75% of the 50–64 age group and 4.12% of the 65+ age group reported DUI in the past year. Of all 50+-year olds, 4.0% of those who did not reported DUI reported past-year marijuana use, but 22.9% of those who reported DUI reported marijuana use (p<.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that marijuana users were seven times more likely to report DUI than nonusers controlling for alcohol use disorder, other illicit drug use, and sociodemographic and health/mental health statuses (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=7.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]=5.00–9.80). Among marijuana users, those with marijuana use disorder were more likely than those without the disorder to report DUI, controlling for the same factors (AOR=2.63; 95% CI=1.03–6.68). Perception of moderate/great risk of marijuana use 1–2 times a week decreased the odds of DUI report (AOR=0.71; 95% CI=0.57–0.88). As safe driving is key to prolonging independence in late life, older marijuana users need education on the risk of marijuana use, alone and with other substances, on their driving capacity and age-appropriate treatment for marijuana use disorder.
A new model of online health care delivery science education for mid-career health care professionals

Health care delivery science focuses on ways to improve health and health care services provided to individuals and populations. Health care professionals must be trained in health care delivery science in order to diagnose and treat the sources of health care system dysfunction and achieve better outcomes while controlling costs. The ideal model for health care delivery science training has not been fully defined, but doing so is critical especially for frontline mid-career health care professionals whose original clinical training omitted these concepts. To better prepare leaders to address the complex challenges of health care, we created a novel hybrid residential/online 18-month master's degree in health care delivery science. Key strengths of the program are the curriculum, pedagogy, teaching team and close-knit cohort. Here, we discuss the program design rationale and six years of evaluation data of a novel master of health care delivery science program. Novel online education in health care delivery science can empower inter-professional leaders in multiple leadership positions throughout health care to improve the United States health care system.
Clinical Outcomes and Persistence of Somatic Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients after Transplantation

Introduction Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplant (HSCT) is a curative treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The persistence of disease-associated somatic mutations following HSCT for myelodysplastic syndrome has been shown to be associated with a high risk of disease progression. While a recent study in AML found that the presence of somatic mutations at day 21 post-HSCT is associated with higher risk of relapse, there is paucity of data at a later time point. We hypothesized that persistence of mutations at day 100 resulted in increased relapse rates and inferior outcomes than in patients who had cleared their mutations. Methods All adult patients with AML, diagnosed in 2016-2017, who underwent allogeneic HSCT, were included in the study. Somatic mutations in diagnostic and post-transplantation bone marrow specimens were detected by a 97-gene next generation sequencing (NGS) assay. Baseline characteristics including age, sex, risk stratification, type of transplant, conditioning regimen and presence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GHVD) were collected. We evaluated somatic mutations in bone marrow samples obtained 100 days after transplantation (T+100). Results We identified 32 patients, four had no detectable mutations in the diagnostic bone marrow NGS and were excluded from the analysis. Most patients were >60 years with male-predominance (68%). Fourteen (50%) patients fell into the poor-risk AML category. Twenty eight (87.5%) patients had at least one mutation in the diagnostic bone marrow; the mean number of mutations at diagnosis was 3 (1-11). FLT3, NPM1, RUNX1, TET2, RAS and ASXL-1 were the most common mutations. Eighteen patients (64%) underwent matched unrelated HSCT and 15 (54%) had reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) chemotherapy. Twenty three (82%) out of 28 patients had no detectable mutations in the day 100 bone marrow. All five patients with persistent mutations at T+ 100 had evidence of disease relapse. The T+100 bone marrow demonstrated evidence of relapse in two patients while the other three relapsed after a median of 6.53 months from transplant. This compared to a relapse rate of 17% in patients with no detectable mutations at T+100 (p=0.001, Fisher-Exact test). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was longer in patients who had no mutations at day 100 compared to those with persistent mutations (15.03 months vs. 5.50 months). Conclusions Our data show, that the persistence of somatic mutations at T+100 after allogeneic HCT can predict relapse. While the number of patients in this study is limited, the signal observed is significant and expansion of this analysis to a larger study is warranted, as identification of this high-risk population for relapse potentially allows for the initiation of early post-transplantation intervention strategies.
Abstract TP376: Barriers and Facilitators to Obtaining the “New” Goal Blood Pressure for Patients With Ischemic Stroke - A Mixed Methods Analysis from the Veterans Health Administration

Introduction: The 2017 ACC/AHA updated hypertension guideline recommends a “new” goal blood pressure (BP) of <130/80 mmHg for stroke survivors. Little is known regarding the perceived barriers and ...
UAB30, A Novel Rexinoid Agonist, Decreases Stemness In Group 3 Medulloblastoma Human Cell Line Xenografts

Abstract PURPOSE: In spite of advances in therapy for some subtypes, group 3 medulloblastoma continues to portend a poor prognosis. A subpopulation of medulloblastoma cells expressing the cell surface marker CD133 have been posited as possible stem cell like cancer cells (SCLCC), a potential source of drug resistance and relapse. Retinoids have been shown to affect SCLCC in other brain tumors. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the CD133-enriched cell population group 3 medulloblastoma cells would be sensitive to the novel rexinoid, UAB30. METHODS: Human medulloblastoma cell lines were studied. Cell sorting based on CD133 expression was performed. Both in vitro and in vivo extreme limiting dilution assays were completed to establish CD133 as a SCLCC marker in these cell lines. Cells were treated with either retinoic acid (RA) or UAB30 and sphere forming capacity and CD133 expression were assessed. Immunoblotting was used to assess changes in stem cell markers. Finally, mice injected with CD133-enriched or CD133-depleted cells were treated with UAB30. RESULTS: CD133-enriched cells more readily formed tumorspheres in vitro at lower cell concentrations and formed tumors in vivo at low cell numbers. Treatment with RA or UAB30 decreased CD133 expression, decreased tumorsphere formation, and decreased expression of cancer stem cell markers. In vivo studies demonstrated that tumors from both CD133-enriched and CD133-depleted cells were sensitive to treatment with UAB30. CONCLUSIONS: CD133 is a marker for medulloblastoma SCLCCs. Both CD133-enriched and CD133-depleted medulloblastoma cell populations demonstrated sensitivity to UAB30, indicating its potential as a therapeutic option for group 3 medulloblastoma.
Blood Safety in the United States: Prevention, Detection, and Pathogen Reduction

Abstract The safety and integrity of the blood supply is of paramount importance for delivering optimal medical care. Additionally, blood safety is of utmost importance to the United States public. Pathogen testing of donated blood products has been adapted and developed with the goal of eliminating the risk of transfusion-transmitted infectious disease. Currently, blood safety interventions are focused on excluding persons at risk for transfusion-transmissible infections from donating blood and on detecting the presence of transfusion-transmissible agents in donated blood. These interventions are intended to be complementary and function to isolate, and ideally, eliminate, the risk of exposure to known pathogenic agents by transfused blood components. We provide an overview of the strategies and techniques utilized to ensure the safety of the blood supply in the U.S.
3D Numerical Limiting Case Analyses of Lateral Spreading in a Column-Supported Embankment

AbstractThis paper presents three-dimensional (3D) numerical analyses of a column-supported embankment case history using the finite-difference method. An undrained end-of-construction analysis is ...
The badness of pain

Why is pain bad? The most straightforward theory of pain's badness, dolorism, appeals to the phenomenal quality of displeasure. In spite of its explanatory appeal, the view is too straightforward to capture two central puzzles, namely pain that is enjoyed and pain that is not painful (e.g. pain asymbolia). These cases can be captured by conditionalism, which makes the badness of displeasure conditional on an agent's attitude. But conditionalism fails where dolorism succeeds with explanatory appeal. A new approach is proposed, reverse conditionalism, which maintains the explanatory appeal of dolorism, but gives attitudes a value-defeating role. It is argued that this view does best in fulfilling the desiderata and capturing the cases.