cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review: Sketches of Frank Gehry by Sydney Pollack

Sydney Pollack, director. Sketches of Frank Gehry . Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, Culver City, 2005, 83 mins., DVD, $19.99, http://www.sonypictures.com/ Frank Gehry (nee Goldberg): a man, a genius, an architect responsible for an entire classification of architectural effect (The Bilbao Effect). This is the Frank Gehry that Sydney Pollack’s 2005 film Sketches of Frank Gehry portrays. Providing a familiar outline of what constitutes artistic genius, from discussions of Gehry’s first job (as a truck driver), to his frustrations in school (including an F in his first class on perspective) to his obstacles in his personal life (notably, a controlling first wife) to his early architectural projects and his later, more extravagant ones, Sketches gives a glimpse of Gehry who, despite his setbacks, defies all odds and carves a singular space for himself and his architecture. His genius, cultivated through personal struggle and revealed through his architecture, lay precisely in his ability to prosper from an exceptional position in which he found himself both in life and in architecture—not quite modern, not quite postmodern, not quite artist, not quite architect. Who, we are led to think, but someone with true genius could look at a model of his work, smile, and say, “That is so stupid looking it’s great.” Sketches of Frank Gehry focuses on the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao as the moment when Gehry burst onto the global scene. A montage of publications …
Approach to Spacecraft Functional Stability in Changes in Moments of Inertia

The paper considers comprehensive solution providing functional stability of the spacecraft with changes in its moments of inertia. There was developed the mathematical description of the spacecraft angular position stabilization system (APSS) in the linear and discrete forms. There was shown the process of obtaining spacecraft APSS diagnostic models for the particular kind and class of failure. There was proved possible to diagnose and restore functionality spacecraft APSS at the systemic level, using the regulator coefficients parametric adjustment
Modifiers of blood, liver, and target activity with FDG vascular imaging and alternate methods of normalization

1691 Objectives For individuals treated for hyperlipidemia with statins, FDG vascular imaging may help guide further cardiovascular risk stratification for more intensified or varied treatment. However, the methods of vascular FDG quantification are currently under question. Division or subtraction with blood pool FDG activity is assumed to normalize for blood activity. However, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is known to modify blood FDG activity; which is potentially also related to glucose at the time of imaging and statin treatment. These relationships will be tested with blood, liver, and target activity along with alternate methods of quantification. Methods 74 PET/CTs from 34 subjects with hyperlipidemia > 55 y/o were prospectively imaged under standard conditions (uptake 136 min, iterative reconstruction with 24 iterations and 3 subsets, 256x256 matrix, 1.5mm slice). Lean body mass (LBM) was used for dosing and for SUV. The descending aorta (DAo) distal to the arch to the bifurcation was segmented (~300 slices) for average SUV max DAo activity. The left jugular and superior/inferior vena cava were segmented for mean blood SUV. Mean liver activity was also calculated. Target to background ratios (TBR) using blood and liver and target-blood subtraction was calculated. The generalized estimating equation was used for multivariate modeling of measurement methods relative to glucose, statin equivalent dose (normalized to simvastatin), and mean blood activity (or GFR, where appropriate). The model was also corrected for gender, age, and body mass index. Normalized beta is reported with p-values. Results Shown in the table, TBR or subtraction using blood retains significant relationships to blood activity while TBR using liver does not. TBR-Blood has a negative relationship to blood while subtraction has a positive relationship. Glucose and statin treatment does not significantly modify blood, liver, or target activity in this model. Conclusions Correction for blood activity is important because maximum vessel SUV is most related to it compared to all other variables considered. TBR or subtraction with blood does not sufficiently correct for blood activity, which is not explained by variation in glucose or statin treatment. Despite the close relationship of liver and blood activity, TBR using liver does not retain any significant relationship to blood activity, glucose or statin treatment; which may make it preferable for FDG vascular imaging. Further analysis is needed in statin naive or more heterogeneous populations.
Large-Scale Implementation of Structured Reporting of Adnexal Masses on Ultrasound.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this article is to describe the development and implementation of structured reporting of adnexal mass findings on pelvic ultrasound in a large integrated health care delivery system. Methods A structured reporting system that includes standardized terminology for describing adnexal masses on ultrasound was developed by a multidisciplinary team of radiologists, gynecologists, and gynecologic oncologists on the basis of literature review and internal data. The system uses a reporting template that requires radiologists to assign abnormal adnexal masses to one of five possible categories on the basis of standardized criteria: category 0, 1, 2, or 3 for masses 10 cm. Unique predefined hashtags were linked to each category to enable electronic data extraction, and a hard stop feature was installed that prevents reports from being finalized without a category designation. In 2014, after a 3-month pilot study, large-scale implementation was supported by an educational campaign consisting of web-based conferences, e-mail announcements, and local presentations. Clinical management recommendations on the basis of category and other clinical factors were provided in a separate practice resource for clinicians. Results Analysis of adherence revealed that 93% of the approximately 12,000 reports describing abnormal adnexal masses in 2016 included category designations. Feedback from referring providers via an anonymous survey indicated high levels of satisfaction with reports. Conclusions Multidisciplinary collaboration and leveraging of technology enabled large-scale implementation of structured reporting with high levels of adherence among radiologists and improved satisfaction among referring providers.
Unique k-SAT is as Hard as k-SAT

In this work we show that Unique k-SAT is as hard as k-SAT for every k 2 N. This settles a conjecture by Calabro, Impagliazzo, Kabanets and Paturi [4]. To provide an affirmative answer to this conjecture, we develop a randomness optimal construction of Isolation Lemma for k-SAT.
GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL FISTULAS : Recognition, Stabilization, and Correction of Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances

Gastrointestinal fistulas are unfortunate complications of a number of disease states, such as inflammatory bowel disease and tumors, or may result from complications of surgical intervention. Fistulas may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, much of which is a result of fluid losses and electrolyte imbalances. Thus, attention to these issues is a critical component of the management of patients with gastrointestinal fistulas. The management of gastrointestinal fistulas is divided into three phases: diagnosis/recognition, stabilization/investigation, and treatment. The major goal of the stabilization phase is the correction of fluid losses and electrolyte abnormalities. This phase must be carried out expeditiously to reduce the associated complications. Knowledge of the electrolyte content of various secretions of the gastrointestinal tract is essential to guide this phase of management. Early control of infectious foci, with drainage of abscesses if present, is of great importance. Esophageal fistulas most commonly result from instrumentation of the esophagus and are diagnosed by radiographic imaging studies. Nonoperative therapy is an option in select patients, but aggressive surgical intervention is often required. Dehydration is often associated with these injuries and must be corrected. Gastric and duodenal fistulas are most commonly iatrogenic and may be associated with significant fluid losses. Careful measurement of the fistula effluent is important. Nutritional support is begun following correction of fluid and electrolyte abnormalities. Pancreatic fistulas are often high volume fistulas and are associated with significant skin breakdown if they are cutaneous. The use of a somatostatin analogue may decrease the volume of the fistula to allow healing. Small intestinal fistulas often result from postoperative complications and require careful attention to electrolyte abnormalities. Spontaneous closure often obviates surgical intervention. Colonic fistulas are less often associated with complications than are other fistulas of the gastrointestinal tract. The stabilization phase in the management of patients with gastrointestinal fistulas is a critical time during which careful attention to fluid and electrolyte losses can result in reduced morbidity and mortality from these difficult management problems.
Role of Dopamine in the Modulation of Norepinephrine Release from the Rat Portal Vein

ABSTRACT The interactions between adrenergic and dopaminergic compounds were examined in the superfused rat portal vein. The release of tritium in response to field stimulation was determined after incubation of the tissues with 1-3H-norepinephrine. Dopamine and N-methyl dopamine (epinine) produced inhibition of tritium overflow only at concentrations greater than 1 × 10–5 M with an accompanying reduction in the stimulation induced contraction of the tissue. Lergotrile and apomorphine enhanced the stimulation induced overflow of tritium while also depressing the postsynaptic response to field stimulation. The enhancement of tritium overflow in the presence of lergotrile or apomorphine was reduced by the concurrent administration of haloperidol. The release of tritium in the presence of 1 × 10−7 M dopamine was attenuated by metaclopromide. The results suggest that activation of presynaptic dopamine receptors produces an enhancement of adrenergic neurotransmission which may have physiological significance.
Expiring Decisions for Stream-based Data Access in a Declarative Privacy Policy Framework

This paper describes how a privacy policy framework can be extended with timing information to not only decide if requests for data are allowed at a given point in time, but also to decide for how long such permission is granted. Augmenting policy decisions with expiration information eliminates the need to reason about access permissions prior to every individual data access operation. This facilitates the application of privacy policy frameworks to protect multimedia streaming data where repeated re-computations of policy decisions are not a viable option. We show how timing information can be integrated into an existing declarative privacy policy framework. In particular, we discuss how to obtain valid expiration information in the presence of complex sets of policies with potentially interacting policies and varying timing information.
Detection of methylated BCAT1 and IKZF1 in stage II/III rectal cancer receiving chemoradiation.

602Background: In liquid biopsy, analyses of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in blood have been used as a tool in cancer screening, identifying tumor mutations and monitoring treatment responses/recu...
Imaging neural activity in zebrafish larvae with adaptive optics and structured illumination light sheet microscopy

Zebrafish are an important vertebrate model used to view the mechanisms underlying seizure disorders. Due to their relatively small size and transparency, larval zebrafish are an excellent model through which to view the occurence of seizure-like neural activity in vivo using light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM). Although LSFM possesses good optical sectioning capability and high speed, the resolution and contrast degrade as the imaging plane is moved deeper into the sample due to refractive index variations. We have developed a system that combines a structured illumination light sheet microscope with adaptive optics in the emission path to correct optical aberrations and increase the resolution when imaging deep into the sample. We show that our system can record neural activity fast enough to capture seizure events, and is able to correct optical aberrations throughout the sample.
Mean Three-Year Survivorship of a New Bicruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty: Are Revisions Still Higher Than Expected?

Abstract Background Given the need for continued post-market surveillance, especially on novel implants, the present study attempts to determine the 3-year survivorship and patient-reported outcomes of a contemporary bicruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty design, and to determine if a learning curve existed which could explain previously reported revision rates. Methods We performed a retrospective review on a consecutive series of 141 bicruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasties performed at our institution between May 2013 and October 2015. Thirty-four knees (19%) missing 2-year follow-up were excluded. Mean follow-up was 3 years (range 0.34-4.9). Patients who died (n = 5) or were revised prior to 2 years (n = 6) were included. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate revision-free survival. Results Survivorship at 3 years was 88% (82%-93%). Revisions were for isolated tibial loosening (5/19), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) impingement (3/19), pain (4/19), unknown reasons (3/19), femoral and tibial loosening (2/19), ACL deficiency (1/19), and arthrofibrosis (1/19). The mean physical function computerized adaptive test T-score was 45 units (range 23-63). The mean T-scores for Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global measures were 49 (range 27-68) for physical health, 50 (range 28-68) for mental health, and a median 3 (interquartile range 1-8) on the numeric pain scale. Conclusion Revision-free survival of 88% at 3 years was lower than existing traditional TKA designs. The primary failure mechanisms were tibial loosening, ACL impingement, and pain. In the setting of higher than anticipated revision rates, despite patient-reported outcomes that are not different than seen in the general population, it is possible that further refinement in implant design or surgical technique may be needed prior to widespread use of this, or similar implant designs.
Chemical reaction and diffusion kinetics during laser-induced submillisecond heating for lithographic applications

Reactions in solid-state chemistry are controlled by both underlying chemical reaction rates and temperature-dependent diffusion of reactants and products. Due to distinctly different activation energies, the relative rates of reaction and diffusion may shift dramatically with temperature. In this work, the acid catalyzed deprotection of acid labile groups of model chemically amplified photopolymers was studied to understand the effects of temperature on diffusion-coupled reactions. In these systems, strong acids form during exposure of photoacid generators (PAGs) to ultraviolet radiation and then diffuse and catalyze deprotection reactions. By using very short duration laser-induced heating for the postexposure bake step, the potential reaction temperature range is extended by several hundred degrees compared to traditional thermal processing temperatures. Thermal degradation at these temperatures is avoided by simultaneously reducing the heating time from minutes to submilliseconds. Both diffusion and reaction rates were measured in this high temperature region for three different photoresists combined with two different PAGs, with activation energies of the key processes determined. The interplay of diffusion and reaction rates was also examined by comparing results of high-resolution pattern formation. The best image formation at high temperature was achieved using photoresists with high deprotection rates combined with PAGs exhibiting low diffusivity.Reactions in solid-state chemistry are controlled by both underlying chemical reaction rates and temperature-dependent diffusion of reactants and products. Due to distinctly different activation energies, the relative rates of reaction and diffusion may shift dramatically with temperature. In this work, the acid catalyzed deprotection of acid labile groups of model chemically amplified photopolymers was studied to understand the effects of temperature on diffusion-coupled reactions. In these systems, strong acids form during exposure of photoacid generators (PAGs) to ultraviolet radiation and then diffuse and catalyze deprotection reactions. By using very short duration laser-induced heating for the postexposure bake step, the potential reaction temperature range is extended by several hundred degrees compared to traditional thermal processing temperatures. Thermal degradation at these temperatures is avoided by simultaneously reducing the heating time from minutes to submilliseconds. Both diffusion and r...
Biocompatible Antennas for Implantable Biosensor Systems

This paper presents a biocompatible antenna for a subcutaneous implantable biosensor. With the large number of Americans who manage chronic diseases, biosensors offer the capability for better management of these diseases. For diabetes, particularly, the most common monitoring system used is a blood finger pricking system only offers snapshots of blood glucose levels and not trends of glucose changes. These limitations yield a demand for a monitoring system that can provide continuous data streams of glucose levels for better dietary and medicinal regimens. Fully implantable systems offer continuous monitoring while not sacrificing normal daily activities that implantable sensors with an external transmitter can pose. One bottleneck is the miniaturization of telecommunication system. Current implantable devices use the MedRadio band, which offer a challenge for antenna miniaturization for subcutaneous implantation. Additionally the use of copper as the radiator is a challenge due to biocompatibility. As a result there is a need for an implantable antenna that utilizes biocompatible materials, such as Titanium Nitrite (TiN). This paper presents the design and fabrication of a TiN antenna for subcutaneous implant operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The simulation and in vivo test data are presented.
An isogeometric continuum shell element for modeling the nonlinear response of functionally graded material structures

Abstract A geometrically nonlinear continuum shell element using a NURBS-based isogeometric analysis (IGA) approach is presented for the analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) structures. IGA offers a computationally efficient and geometrically exact representation of the original shell geometry and its underlying basis functions provide high-order continuity for the solution variables. The use of high-order smooth basis functions also alleviates shear and membrane locking phenomena that commonly occurred in shell structures. In addition, the developed continuum shell element features a precise description of the thickness-varying material properties in FGM in the sense that a set of desired high-order B-spline basis functions with sufficient number of quadrature points are employed for accurate through-thickness numerical integration. A simple power-law distribution function of the FGM is adopted in the current study. The performance of the proposed IGA solid shell element is demonstrated via a variety of nonlinear shell benchmark problems. The effect of the FGM power-law exponent on the geometrically nonlinear response of the shell structures is investigated as well.
When and why is economic inequality seen as fair

Economic inequality is seen as fair when people believe it to be the result of fair processes, or in other words, in accordance with normative rules about resource allocation. As a result, people may support substantial inequalities of outcome as fair. There is broad agreement, within and across societies, on the normative rules that govern resource allocation. However, when people use these rules to evaluate specific instances of inequality, their conclusions are systematically affected by available information, self-interest and group-interest, and system justification. This causes divided opinions regarding the fairness of specific inequalities. Recent evidence suggests that growing economic inequality does not directly impact perceptions of fairness, but may reduce perceptions of meritocracy, thereby indirectly reducing the legitimacy of inequality.
Factors that impact risk management decisions among women with pathogenic variants in moderate penetrance genes associated with hereditary breast cancer

There is limited information known about how women with pathogenic variants (PV) in moderate penetrance genes make decisions to manage their increased risk of breast cancer. This study analyzed factors that may impact decision-making surrounding management for increased breast cancer risk. Women with a PV in a moderate penetrance gene associated with increased risk for breast cancer were identified from an institutional database. Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted to analyze decision-making factors. Themes were developed using deductive codes based on previous literature and inductive codes based on interviewee responses. The 16 participants (mean age = 55.9 years) included 12 women with a breast cancer diagnosis. Six women (37.5%) chose bilateral mastectomy (BM), and 10 women (62.5%) chose surveillance as management. Of the 12 women with a personal history of breast cancer, four chose to have BM (33.3%). Two women without a personal history of breast cancer chose to have BM (50.0%). Transcriptions revealed seven comprehensive themes, as well as themes unique to affected and unaffected women (Cohen's kappa = 0.80). Physician opinion was the only factor present in all interviews reported to influence risk management decision-making. Several themes were consistent with prior BRCA1/BRCA2 research (family history, risk perception, sibling influence, and physician opinions). Autonomy and insurance/finances were also important factors to participants. There were certain differences in decision-making factors between affected and unaffected women, such as partner influence. Results indicate an opportunity for providers to engage their patients in a decision-making process.
Sustainability of Agricultural Systems

Agriculture is a diverse array of production systems that are composed of interconnected physical, biological, and human components, across farm to global scales. Agricultural systems are described in terms of their diversity, that is, different types of systems and their heterogeneity, that is, the variation in the physical, biological, and human components within each type of the system. The diversity and complexity of agricultural systems throughout the world means that a variety of economic, environmental, and social indicators can be used to track and evaluate their performance. We elaborate on the economic rationale for the tradeoff analysis approach to sustainable development. Finally, we discuss the tools—the computer simulation models and data—used to implement the analysis of agricultural system sustainability.
Tolerability and toxicity of pegaspargase in adults 40 years and older with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Pegaspargase is a modified version of asparaginase with prolonged asparagine depletion. It appears to be safe in adults <40 years old, but has a unique spectrum of toxicities, the risks of which ap...
Financial Capability of Student Loan Holders Who are College Students, Graduates, or Dropouts

Effective consumer financial education provides relevant information to meet special needs of targeted audiences. The purpose of this study is to examine differences in financial capability among student loan holders who are college students, graduates, and dropouts. Using data from the 2015 U.S. National Financial Capability Study, the results show that student loan holders who have completed their education program have higher scores in all financial capability indicators than college students and dropouts. Further analyses show differences in specific financial knowledge items among college students, graduates, and dropouts. In addition, college graduates are more likely to perform several specific desirable financial behaviors than college students and dropouts. The findings suggest that financial educators should emphasize action taking when they provide financial education for student loan holders who are college students and dropouts.
Marianist Law Schools: Demonstrating The Courage To Be Catholic

Only two Marianist law schools exist in the United States. These Catholic law schools offer a unique educational experience founded on the fascinating origins of the Marianist order and the well-defined characteristics of a Marianist university. Marianist law schools attempt to educate the whole person in an inclusive, welcoming environment, and the law schools share a commitment to service and the common good. This article describes the lives of the Marianist founders and the origin of the Marianist tradition, the latter of which emerged from the bloody and turbulent French Revolution. This article also discusses the characteristics of a Marianist legal education. This article then articulates how the Marianist law schools live out those characteristics. This article concludes that the Marianist law schools educate their students in a manner consistent with the Marianist tradition and Catholic faith, and other religiously-affiliated law schools can use their efforts as a guide for their own education models. Namely, religiously-affiliated law schools should identify the characteristics that describe their legal education and determine whether they are living out those characteristics. Also, religiously-affiliated law schools can share their faith and traditions with students of all faith backgrounds in an inclusive, respectful, and thoughtful way. Finally, religiously-affiliated law schools can encourage their students, while also providing opportunities to do so, to adapt to changing times, seek justice and peace, and use their gifts and talents to serve the common good.
Abstract CT153: Correlation of CDKN2A genomic alterations with tumor response to palbociclib given before chemoradiation therapy to patients with human papillomavirus-unrelated, locally advanced head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma

The primary aims of this single-arm, phase 2 trial were to determine the objective response rate (ORR) of human papillomavirus (HPV)-unrelated, locally advanced head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) to palbociclib monotherapy, and to correlate responses to somatic genomic alterations in CDKN2A. HPV-unrelated disease was defined as 1) SCC of the larynx, hypopharynx or oral cavity, or 2) SCC of the oropharynx with 38% (alternative hypothesis), using an exact binomial test of one sample proportion comparison with an upper one-sided nominal significance level of 0.05 and null ORR of Citation Format: Peter Oppelt, Jessica Ley, Kevin Palka, Randal C. Paniello, Sidharth V. Puram, Jason Rich, Ryan Jackson, Patrik Pipkorn, Hiram Gay, Jingxia Liu, Wade Thorstad, Jose Zevallos, Douglas R. Adkins. Correlation of CDKN2A genomic alterations with tumor response to palbociclib given before chemoradiation therapy to patients with human papillomavirus-unrelated, locally advanced head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr CT153.
HFlow: A Dynamic and Elastic Multi-Layered I/O Forwarder

Modern applications are highly data-intensive, leading to the well-known I/O bottleneck problem. Scientists have proposed the placement of fast intermediate storage resources which aim to mask the I/O penalties. To manage these resources, three core software abstractions are being used in leadership-class computing facilities: IO Forwarders, Burst Buffers, and Data Stagers. Yet, with the rise of multi-tenant deployment in HPC systems, these software abstractions are: managed and maintained in isolation, leading to inefficient interactions; allocated statically, leading to load imbalance; exclusively bifurcated between the intermediate storage, leading to under-utilization of resources, and, in many cases, do not support in-situ operations. To this end, we present HFlow, a new class of data forwarding system that leverages a real-time data movement paradigm. HFlow introduces a unified data movement abstraction (the ByteFlow) providing data-independent tasks that can be executed anywhere and thus, enabling dynamic resource provisioning. Moreover, the processing elements executing the ByteFlows are designed to be ephemeral and, hence, enable elastic management of intermediate storage resources. Our results show that applications running under HFlow display an increase in performance of 3x when compared with state-of-the-art software solutions.
Breaking the Linear Iteration Cost Barrier for Some Well-known Conditional Gradient Methods Using MaxIP Data-structures.

Conditional gradient methods (CGM) are widely used in modern machine learning. CGM's overall running time usually consists of two parts: the number of iterations and the cost of each iteration. Most efforts focus on reducing the number of iterations as a means to reduce the overall running time. In this work, we focus on improving the per iteration cost of CGM. The bottleneck step in most CGM is maximum inner product search (MaxIP), which requires a linear scan over the parameters. In practice, approximate MaxIP data-structures are found to be helpful heuristics. However, theoretically, nothing is known about the combination of approximate MaxIP data-structures and CGM. In this work, we answer this question positively by providing a formal framework to combine the locality sensitive hashing type approximate MaxIP data-structures with CGM algorithms. As a result, we show the first algorithm, where the cost per iteration is sublinear in the number of parameters, for many fundamental optimization algorithms, e.g., Frank-Wolfe, Herding algorithm, and policy gradient.
Exposure of the rat small intestine to raw kidney beans results in reorganization of absorptive cell microvilli

Background/Aims: A single exposure to raw kidney beans (RKB) results in vesiculation, shortening, and then regrowth of microvilli in the rat small intestine. This study investigated changes that occur in the structure of microvilli 2–10 hours after RKB exposure. Methods: Circumferences of microvilli from absorptive cells obtained sequentially after challenge with RKB or chow were assigned to one of three groups: small, intermediate, or large. The distribution and concentration of actin in intact mucosae or isolated epithelial sheets were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblot analysis with specific probes. Results: Six hours after exposure to RKB, most microvilli were large, abnormal in shape, and contained significantly more actin filaments than large microvilli from control rats. In addition, the fluorescence intensity of F-actin increased within injured microvilli without changes in the total intracellular actin concentration. By 8–10 hours after challenge with RKB, some microvilli remained larger than those of control rats but had resumed their normal shape and contained fewer actin filaments than at 6 hours. Conclusions: Exposure of the rat small intestine to RKB results in enlargement of absorptive cell microvilli and reorganization of membrane and core actin filaments without changes in intracellular actin concentration. Enlarged microvilli are rapidly repaired.
Finiteness Conditions for Modules

The first round of generalities is over, and it is now time for us to apply this formal machinery to the study of specific classes of rings and modules. We begin in this chapter with an investigation of the structure of classes of modules having certain natural finiteness properties. In the next chapter we return to the rings themselves.
Lack of subhourly variations in plasma unconjugated estriol levels in pregnant diabetic patients in the third trimester

Abstract Analysis of 94 samples of blood collected from five pregnant diabetic patients in the third trimester revealed that there were no significant subhourly variations in plasma unconjugated estriol levels. Therefore, single random samples of blood collected at the same time every day are adequate for unconjugated estriol measurements.
PRIVACYGRID: Supporting Anonymous Location Queries in Mobile Environments

Abstract : We present PRIVACYGRID - a framework for supporting anonymous location-based queries in mobile information delivery systems. The PRIVACYGRID framework offers three unique capabilities. First, we provide a location privacy preference profile model, called location P3P, which allows mobile users to explicitly define their preferred location privacy requirements in terms of both location hiding measures "e.g., location k-anonymity and location l-diversity" and location service quality measures "e.g., maximum spatial resolution and maximum temporal resolution". Second, we develop three fast and effective location cloaking algorithms for providing location k-anonymity and location l-diversity in a mobile environment. The Quad Grid cloaking algorithm is fast but has lower anonymization success rate. The dynamic bottom-up or top-down grid cloaking algorithms provide much higher anonymization success rate and yet are efficient in terms of both time complexity and maintenance cost. Finally, we discuss a hybrid approach that combines the top-down and bottom-up search of location cloaking regions to further lower the average anonymization time. In addition, we argue for incorporating temporal cloaking into the location cloaking process to further increase the success rate of location anonymization. We also discuss the PRIVACYGRID mechanisms for anonymous support of range queries. Our experimental evaluation shows that the PRIVACYGRID approach can provide optimal location anonymity as defined by per user location P3P without introducing significant performance penalties.
ANISOTROPY AND STRESS REORIENTATION IN CLAY

When an undrained failure occurs in a deposit of clay in the field, the shear strength mobilized on a failure surface may vary with the orientation of the surface either as a result of anisotropy of the clay or as a result of reorientation of principal stresses. In order to show how these two factors may affect stability, the stability of a cut in normally consolidated clay is considered below.
Hollow fibers as an oral sustained-release delivery system.

Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) bound to ion-exchange resin was encapsulated in hollow fibers made of segmented polyurethane. This system was examined as an oral sustained-release delivery system. The fibers were spun by the phase inversion process and cut into different aspect ratios (length/diameter). The U.S.P. basket dissolution method was used to evaluate the in vitro drug release kinetics and the effect of the aspect ratio on the release. For in vivo evaluation, selected fibers were orally administered to dogs in gelatin capsules. The fiber delivery system provided a sustained-release profile of plasma PPA and a longer terminal half-life when compared to an oral immediate-release formulation.
From the Editor: Educating the “Whole Teacher” in Pre-Service Early Childhood Teacher Preparation Programs

This is not a themed issue, but as I looked over the articles that make it up, I was pleased to realize an interesting thread weaves them together. This is the complexity or richness of high qualit...
top2008 Conference Summary

This is a summary of the talks presented at the International Workshop on Top Quark Physics (top2008) held in Elba, Italy, May 18-24, 2008.
"Many Lands Have I Left Behind Me": E. A. Baratynskii’s Quest for Happiness in Finland, Italy, and the Homeland

This article examines the poetry of E.A. Baratynskii about three specific places: Finland, the homeland (i.e. Russia), and Italy. It is the contention of this article that these place-specific poems form a contrast to Baratynskii's other poetry, and allow his poetic persona to resolve conflicts that remain unresolved in the majority of his oeuvre. In particular, this article discusses the ways in which these three places form three different "realms of the dead" or areas of contact with the divine or the supernatural, thus allowing the poet to transcend the binary conflict between intellect and feeling, and science and nature, that is so problematic for his poetic persona.
Interoperability Case Study: The Bar Code/UPC

This case study is part of an ongoing series developed in support of a larger text on interoperability by John Palfrey and Urs Gasser Interop: The Promise and Perils of Highly Interconnected Systems (Basic Books, forthcoming, June 2012). The book is an extension of their 2007 study and paper, “Breaking Down Digital Barriers: When and How ICT Interoperability Drives Innovation” (Berkman Center Research Publication, 2007). Interop: The Promise and Perils of Highly Interconnected Systems focuses on the relationship between interoperability and innovation in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) environment and beyond. Palfrey and Gasser seek to sharpen the definition of interoperability and identify its relevance for consumers, companies, governments, and the public by examining its driving forces and inhibitors, while considering how it can best be achieved, and why.Authored by research assistants at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society in close collaboration with the authors, the series examines real-world examples where interoperability has played or continues to play a decisive role — in ICT and other sectors, including transportation, retail, and energy. Each case explores how forces such as law, policy, technology, economic incentives, and market innovations drive, or in some cases inhibit, interoperability, and what industry stakeholders seek to achieve via interoperability.Some cases explore well-known innovations, such as the bar code and the UPC system, air traffic control, and the QWERTY keyboard layout. Others touch on more recent examples, including efforts to standardize cell phone chargers in the EU, the evolution of electronic data interchange systems, and digital rights management (DRM) systems. The nature of interoperability and its attendant challenges are also explored in less-traditional contexts, including commons-based knowledge creation models, which require large-scale collective efforts, and complex, next-generation models, like the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and the Smart Grid.
Hope Less: How a Healthy Dose of Realism Can Help in the ICU

The author’s father died recently after a sudden heart attack. This essay discusses how the family’s experiences in the cardiac intensive care unit surprised her, even though she is a member of the Ethics Committee and the Ethics Consult Team at her local hospital, and how this led her to reconsider the ways in which families and hospital physicians communicate about the process of dying. How should doctors balance their messages of hope and realism when the situation is grim? Important judgment calls needed to be made, yet the family did not fully understand what they needed to know to make good decisions, especially the importance of the timing of their decisions. A conversation early on about what would happen if the patient became physically stable—no matter how impaired—while all options remained on the table might usefully (and mercifully) transform hope at the end.
New Roles for MHC Class I Immune Molecules in the Healthy and Diseased Nervous System

Proteins of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) are best known for their central role in the immune response. However, accumulating evidence shows that MHC class I proteins also have nonimmune roles in the healthy nervous system. MHC class I is expressed by developing and adult neurons, and is required for the proper establishment, function and modification of synaptic connections. The newly discovered, critical functions of MHC class I in the healthy nervous system suggest that MHC class I could directly link the immune response to changes in brain structure and function in diverse neurological disorders. Key Concepts: MHC class I is expressed by developing and mature neurons in the healthy nervous system. Endogenous MHC class I limits neurite outgrowth, limits synapse density and promotes synapse elimination in multiple brain regions. MHC class I limits synaptic transmission mediated by NMDA-type glutamate receptors in the hippocampus, regulates NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity, and is required for normal NMDAR-dependent learning and memory. The receptors and signalling pathways that mediate MHC class I's effects on neurons remain largely unknown. Disruption of the nonimmune functions of MHC class I may be an unexpected contributor to diverse neurological disorders. Keywords: major histocompatibility complex class I; synaptic plasticity; synapse elimination; axon remodelling; synapse density; synaptic transmission, NMDA receptor; PirB
Redundancy elimination revisited

This work proposes and evaluates improvements to previously known algorithms for redundancy elimination.Enhanced Scalar Replacement combines two classic techniques, scalar replacement and hash-based value numbering. The former detects redundant array references within and across loop iterations, while the latter detects a large class of redundancies, but only within a single loop iteration. By integrating the two techniques, ESR detects and eliminates a wider range of expression redundancies across loop iterations.We also extend hash-based value numbering to perform reassociation. Classic redundancy elimination techniques operate on an intermediate representation of the program in which operand association and order is of fixed shape. This rigidity in code shape may sometimes obscure redundancies. Our optimizer attempts to shape the code by changing associativity, exposing more redundancies. Opportunities for ESR, in particular, are increased with reassociation.
Identification of micro-organisms through correlation in non-Bragg orders using photorefractive materials

We show that using a simple two-beam coupling geometry and higher (non-Bragg) diffracted orders, one can obtain triple correlation between objects. The objects correlated here are microorganisms such as algae and can be used for identification of these microorganisms and their concentration in the solvent. The material used for correlation is a photorefractive organic polymer with no bias voltage.
Computed Synovial Fluid Flow in a Simple Knee Joint Model

Prediction of shear stress induced by the fluid flow on knee joint cells is the main aim of this study. Oscillatory flow of a Newtonian synovial fluid is examined in two-dimensional joint geometries. The experimental model is a fluid driven shear loader test rig, which features a finite plate oscillating at 1Hz, that is 1mm over a stationary cell culture surface. Oscillating Couette flow in the thin gap is generated by the finite span plate. An incompressible two-dimensional transient and laminar CFD model is developed using the STAR-CD® code. The infinite oscillating plate Couette flow solutions (Stoke’s Second Problem with a finite gap) are reviewed and used in the grid sensitivity and validation tests of the computational finite oscillating plate model. The resulting flow features and vorticity convection are discussed and shear stress induced on the stationary plate due to an oscillating finite plate is compared with its infinite counterpart. As an extension, the effect of articular cartilage curvature is studied in a topologically equivalent model with and without menisci.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Studies of linkage (dis)equilibria in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster1

Populations that were designed for studying the migration of sepia, Est–6–S, and Adh-S alleles into populations of Drosophila melanogaster containing the wild-type allele of sepia and the fast alleles of the two allozyme loci have provided exceptionally clear data on linkage relationships. Se Est-6-S-bearing second chromosomes (the two loci are separated by 10.8 map units) introduced into wild-type populations containing only the Est-6-F allele remained in linkage disequilibrium in generation 24: se F and se S combinations occurred with equal frequency; +F and +S combinations had frequencies of 0.75 and 0.25. Se and Adh-S alleles (located on different autosomes) introduced into wild-type populations containing only the Adh-F allele had attained linkage equilibrium by the 24th generation. The frequency of [se F] and [+ F] gametes was 0.75; that of [se S] and [+ S] gametes was 0.25. The disequilibrium involving the linked loci is discussed in terms of 1. the strong selection known to favor sepia heterozygotes in these populations and 2. the possible inability of initial linkage patterns to break down through recombination because of insufficient time. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen uber Austausch-(Un-)Gleichgewichte in Laborpopulationen von Drosophila melanogaster Populationen, die eigentlich bestimmt waren, die Migration der Allele sepia, Est-6-S und Adh-S in bestimmte Populationen von Drosophila melanogaster, die die entsprechenden Allele sepia, Est-6-F und Adh-F enthielten, zu studieren, lieferten auserordentlich klare Daten uber die Entwicklung von Nichtzufalls-Assoziationen. II-Chromosomen, die die Allele se und Est-6-S trugen (Distant 10.8 Karteneinheiten), wurden in reine Populationen mit den Allelen se+ and Est-6-F eingebracht; das ursprungliche Austauschungleichgewicht blieb durch 24 Generationen bestehen: Die Kombinationm se F und se S erreichten etwa gleiche Haufigkeiten, wahrend das Verhaltnis +F zu +S etwa 0.75: 0.25 erreichte. Die Kombinationen se bzw. se+ mit Adh-F bzw. Adh-S traten nach 24 Generationen hingegen in Haufigkeiten auf, die dem Austauschgleichgewicht entsprachen. Die gemeinsame Frequenz der (se F) und (+F) Gameten war 0.75 and die von (se S) and (+S) zusammen 0.25. Das Austauschungleichgewicht zwischen den gekoppelten Loci se und Est-6 wird diskutiert ureter den Aspekten der 1. in diesen Populationen starken Selektion zugunsten der se/+-Heterozygoten und 2. der Unfahigkeit von Koppelungsmustern, durch Rekombination auseinanderzubrechen, wenn nicht genugend Zeit zur Verfugung steht.
Providing Access to the 1990 U.S. Census Maps.

"The U.S. Bureau of the Census has published on CD-ROM format data for the smallest geographic reporting levels.... Providing access to the maps that define the reporting areas used by the Bureau within a county is one aspect of service that is unique to census files STF1A, STF1B, and STF3A. The paper illustrates the way these reporting levels are defined in the Tract/BNA Maps and Block Maps. The steps taken by one library to develop a link between a geographic area of interest to a patron and the areas defined on these maps are described. These steps include preserving and housing the maps in a way that makes them easy to use and preparing an index to the information contained on the maps using dBASE registered trademark software and information taken from STF1A using Extract software."