cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Innovation support services and commercialisation process of innovation in small technology firms

Commercialisation process of innovation is crucial among small technology firms particularly in a dynamic business environment. Particularly, small high technology firms are dependent on the regional system of innovation (RIS) and its ability to support and supplement the commercialisation process through innovation support services (ISS). Therefore, it is essential to respond to their needs in terms of both the type of service and quality of delivery to develop the support mechanisms for the small technology firms. Using the multiple case study methodology, this research attempts to answer what kind of ISS small healthcare technology firms use during the commercialisation process of innovation. In addition, this paper presents how these services should be developed and contributed in order to enhance the commercialisation process of innovation. Results indicate that small technology firms are using different kind of ISS during their commercialisation process of innovation. In addition, utilisation and the content of the ISS varying between the stages of the commercialisation process. More attention should be paid for increase needs orientation of the process of delivering services and adaptation of innovation services to the respective stage of development of each business.
COMPOSITIONS AND PROPERTIES OF SOME HIGH‐TITANIA CERAMICS*

The compositions are given for high-titania ceramic bodies which mature at cone 10. One series contains calcium titanium silicate as an essential flux, and the other series contains alkali-free titania glasses. Electrical measurements cover the range of 60, 1000, and 1,000,000 cycles for both power factor and dielectric constant. Detailed consideration is given to the type of electrodes used. The properties covering dielectric strength, temperature coefficient of capacity, effect of humidity, and thermal expansion are given for one composition. An X-ray diffraction pattern of this body shows the formation of rutile crystals.
Maximum likelihood analysis of free‐response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) data

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology is widely used in evaluating medical imaging modalities. While appropriate in some cases, it has several drawbacks when the detection task, e.g., nodule detection, involves localizing the abnormality. Free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) methodology offers a more natural framework to describe observer performance in such studies and has other advantages. Due to the lack of a statistical analysis procedure comparable to the maximum likelihood procedure (ROCFIT program) available for ROC studies, the FROC method has not gained widespread acceptance. This work presents and solves a two parameter model for the statistical analysis of FROC data. The model assumes that the probability density of the signal stimuli is normally distributed, as is the probability density for producing one or more false positives per image. A program (FROCFIT) is described for estimating the parameters and their uncertainties from experimental data. An index of performance is proposed to quantify observer performance in FROC experiments. Application of this methodology to several FROC data sets produced good to excellent fits.
Diffusiophoresis of two-dimensional liquid droplets in a phase-separating system

Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637~Received 4 September 1998!The motion of phase-separating liquid drops was simulated in two dimensions following the modelH, whereconvection and diffusion are coupled via a body force, expressing the tendency of demixing systems tominimize their free energy. This driving force depends on the capillary number, i.e., the ratio of viscous tothermal forces, which in a typical case is of order 10
Efflux as a Glutaraldehyde resistance mechanism in Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms

ABSTRACT A major challenge in microbial biofilm control is biocide resistance. Phenotypic adaptations and physical protective effects have been historically thought to be the primary mechanisms for glutaraldehyde resistance in bacterial biofilms. Recent studies indicate the presence of genetic mechanisms for glutaraldehyde resistance, but very little is known about the contributory genetic factors. Here, we demonstrate that efflux pumps contribute to glutaraldehyde resistance in Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. The RNA-seq data show that efflux pumps and phosphonate degradation, lipid biosynthesis, and polyamine biosynthesis metabolic pathways were induced upon glutaraldehyde exposure. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of efflux pumps potentiates glutaraldehyde activity, suggesting that efflux activity contributes to glutaraldehyde resistance. Additionally, induction of known modulators of biofilm formation, including phosphonate degradation, lipid biosynthesis, and polyamine biosynthesis, may contribute to biofilm resistance and resilience. Fundamental understanding of the genetic mechanism of biocide resistance is critical for the optimization of biocide use and development of novel disinfection strategies. Our results reveal genetic components involved in glutaraldehyde resistance and a potential strategy for improved control of biofilms.
Reduced Apaf-1 levels in cardiomyocytes engage strict regulation of apoptosis by endogenous XIAP

Overexpression studies have identified X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) as a potent inhibitor of caspases. However, the exact function of endogenous XIAP in regulating mammalian apoptosis is less clear. Endogenous XIAP strictly regulates cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation in sympathetic neurons but not in many mitotic cells. We report that postmitotic cardiomyocytes, unlike fibroblasts, are remarkably resistant to cytosolic microinjection of cytochrome c. The cardiomyocyte resistance to cytochrome c is mediated by endogenous XIAP, as XIAP-deficient cardiomyocytes die rapidly with cytosolic cytochrome c alone. Importantly, we found that cardiomyocytes, like neurons, have markedly reduced Apaf-1 levels and that this decrease in Apaf-1 is directly linked to the tight regulation of caspase activation by XIAP. These data identify an important function of XIAP in cardiomyocytes and point to a striking similarity in the regulation of apoptosis in postmitotic cells.
Polymerization in the crystalline state. X. Solid‐state conversion of 6‐aminocaproic acid to oriented nylon 6

When single crystals of 6-aminocaproic acid (ACA) are heated about 30°C below their melting point, polycondensation to nylon 6 takes place. The polymer crystallites are biaxially oriented towards each other and the relation between their orientation and that of the parent monomer crystal has been clarified. The kinetics of the process are characterized by three stages, (a) an induction period, (b) a stage in which monomer disappears at a constant rate while polymer of relatively low molecular weight is formed, and (c) a slow polycondensation of the polyamide chains after exhaustion of the monomer. Oligomer concentrations were below detectable limits at all stages of the process. Addition of monomer to the polyamide was retarded when ACA was kept from reaching its equilibrium vapor pressure (0.12 mm Hg at 170°C) by condensation on a cool surface or when an inert gas was admitted to the system. This was interpreted as suggesting that ACA is transported through the vapor phase to the propagating polyamide. A number of surfaces catalyzed the polycondensation of ACA vapor, but nylon 6 formed in this way on KCl crystals exhibited no preferred orientation. The linear dimer and trimer of ACA were also found to condense to nylon 6 in the crystalline state, although at a slower rate than the monomer. The solid-state polycondensation of these oligomers was accelerated when they were exposed to the vapor of the monomer. Solid-state polycondensation of single crystals of the linear dimer led also to biaxially oriented nylon 6.
Presidential coattails: A closer look

This article takes a closer look at how presidential elections affect the fragmentation of the legislative party system. It reviews the theory and conventional empirical modelling strategy; identif...
High voltage CMOS LCD driver using low voltage CMOS process

The authors describe a high-voltage layout usable for output drivers in a standard 5-V CMOS process. These outputs are useful for applications such as vacuum fluorescent displays, motor drivers, automotive equipment. There is no modification of the manufacturing process or additional masking layers needed. An application of this technique to a mux liquid-crystal-display (LCD) driver is also described
Uses and Abuses of Electrophysiologic Testing in the Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias

The use of clinical electrophysiologic studies has evolved dramatically since Scherlag and colleagues [1] first reported His bundle recording in humans in 1969 and Wellens [2] demonstrated that pro grammed electrical stimulation could reproduce clinical ventricular arrhythmias. In addition to ar rhythmia diagnosis and serial drug testing, new mo dalities, including surgical therapy and devices for arrhythmia treatment, have been developed in the past few years.
Axiomatic Analysis and Optimization of Information Retrieval Models

The accuracy of a search engine is mostly determined by the optimality of the retrieval model used in the search engine. Develoing optimal retrieval models has always been a very important fundamental research problem in information retrieval because an improved general retrieval model would enable all search engines to be more useful, thus have immediate broad impact. Extensive research has been done on developing an optimal retrieval model since 1960s, leading to multiple effective retrieval models, including, e.g., Pivoted Normalization Vector Space model, BM25, Dirichlet Prior Query Likelihood, and PL2. However, these state of the art retrieval models were all developed at least a decade ago, suggesting that it has been difficult to further improve them. One reason why we could not easily improve these models is because we do not have a good understanding of their deficiencies and have mostly relied on empirical evaluation to assess the superiority of a retrieval model.Recently, an axiomatic way of analyzing and optimizing retrieval models has been developed and shown great promise in both understanding the deficiencies of retrieval models and developing more effective ones. The basic idea of this axiomatic framework is to specify a number of formal constraints that an optimal retrieval model is expected to satisfy, and use them to assess the optimality of a retrieval model. Such an axiomatic way of modeling relevance provides a theoretical way to study how to develop an ultimately optimal retrieval model, enables analytical comparison of different retrieval models without necessarily requiring empirical evaluation, and has led to the development of multiple more effective retrieval models.The purpose of this tutorial is to systematically explain this emerging axiomatic approach to developing optimal retrieval models, review and summarize the research progress achieved so far on this topic, and discuss promising future research directions in optimizing general retrieval models. Tutorial attendees can expect to learn, among others, (1) the basic methodology of axiomatic analysis and optimization of retrieval models, (2) how to formalize retrieval heuristics with mathematical constraints, (3) the major retrieval constraints proposed so far, (4) the new retrieval functions derived by using the axiomatic approaches, (5) specific research directions to further develop more effective retrieval models, and (6) general open challenges in developing an ultimately optimal retrieval model. The tutorial should appeal to those who work on information retrieval models and those who are interested in applying axiomatic analysis to optimize specific retrieval functions in real applications. The tutorial should also be interesting to researchers who work on ranking problems in general. Attendees will be assumed to know the basic concepts in information retrieval models.
Water Resources Management in the Public Interest

. The water resources manager, concerned with providing for citizen needs for water in all its varied aspects, is obliged to consider the public interest in his decision making. But the public interest, although inferring the superiority of public over purely private interests, is more of a concept of political ethics than an operational objective. Recent attacks on water resources developments place in question just how responsive the water resources manager has been to the public at large during the planning process. The recent broadening of planning objectives beyond economic efficiency to include greater attention to social goals is an encouraging development. Efforts should be expanded toward greater citizen participation and more attention should be given to sampling surveys to determine citizen attitudes on water resources proposals. In the last analysis, the decision-making process must combine the expertise of the water resources manager and the participation of the people through the political process.
Evaluating Sedimentary Geochemical Lake-Level Tracers in Walker Lake, Nevada, Over the Last 200 Years

Walker Lake, a hydrologically closed, saline, alkaline lake located along the western margin of the Great Basin of western United States, has experienced a 77% reduction in volume and commitment drop in lake level as a result of anthropogenic perturbations and climatic fluctuations over the last century. The history of lake-level change in Walker Lake has been recorded instrumentally since 1860. A high-resolution multi-proxy sediment core record from Walker Lake has been generated through analysis of total inorganic carbon (TIC), total organic carbon (TOC), and oxygen and carbon isotope ratios (δ18O and δ13 C) of both downcore bulk TIC and ostracods over the last 200 yr. This allows us to examine how these sediment indices respond to actual changes in this lake’s hydrologic balance at interannual to decadal timescales. In Walker Lake sediments, changes in %TIC, %TOC, and δ13C and δ18O of TIC and ostracods are all associated to varying degrees with changes in the lake’s hydrologic balance, with δ18O of the TIC fraction (δ18OTIC) being the most highly correlated and the most effective hydrologic indicator in this closed-basin lake. The δ18OTIC record from Walker Lake nearly parallels the instrumental lake-level record back to 1860. However, comparison with sporadic lake-water δ18O and dissolved inorganic carbon δ13C (δ13CDIC) results spanning the last several decades suggests that the isotopic values of downcore carbonate sediments may not be readily translated into absolute or even relative values of corresponding lake-water δ18O and δ13CDIC. Changes in the lake’s hydrologic balance usually lead to changes in isotopic composition of lake waters and downcore sediments, but not all the variations in downcore isotopic composition are necessarily caused by hydrologic changes.
Optimizing information efficiency in a direct-sequence mobile packet radio network

We consider a direct-sequence multihop packet radio network using slotted ALOHA in a Rayleigh fading environment. We are interested in optimally choosing the transmission range, code rate, and slotted ALOHA transmission probability to be used by each node. We use a new performance measure, information efficiency, to analyze the network and show that the information efficiency of the low-cost mobile packet radio network can be improved approximately 20 fold by using the optimum parameters. We suggest a practical trellis-coded modulation scheme which comes close to realizing the theoretic limits found.
Improving Outcomes in Cerebral Aspergillosis

solated intracerebral aspergillosis without a focus of disease in the sinuses or the lungs and in the absence of immunoI compromise due to disease or medications is extremely rare. A confirmatory absence of systemic aspergillosis can be obtained using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), both of which are significantly more sensitive than conventional x-rays for detecting infection in either the sinuses or the lungs. Because of the uncommon occurrence of this infection in healthy individuals, most articles represent case reports demonstrating a successful clinical outcome after a combination of surgical and medical management. In the current issue of WORLD NEUROSURGERY is one of the few series that contains several patients that were identified over a 15-year interval. The clinical course of central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis is distinctly different in immunocompetent patients when compared to their immunosuppressed counterparts. The clinical course for a patient with CNS aspergillosis is much more benign when an intact immune system is present with recoveries being uneventful in contrast to the horrific experience endured by those with immune compromise. In addition, the survival rates for the immunocompetent patients without systemic involvement are in the range of 80%e90% in contrast to the 5%e30% rates that are often seen in immunocompromised patients.
Comparison of Snap Freezing versus Ethanol Fixation for Gene Expression Profiling of Tissue Specimens

Frozen tissue specimens are the gold standard for molecular analysis. However, snap freezing presents several challenges regarding collection and storage of tissue, and preservation of histological detail. We evaluate an alternative preservation method, ethanol fixation followed by paraffin embedding, by analyzing expression profiles of microdissected cells on Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays of three matched benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and tumor samples processed with each preservation method. Frozen samples generated an average present call of 26% of the probe sets, compared to 4.5% in ethanol-paraffin samples. Eighty-eight percent of the probe sets called present in the ethanol-paraffin samples were also present in the frozen specimens. Comparing ethanol-paraffin BPH to tumor, 52 probe sets showed a twofold differential expression or higher in at least two cases, 23 of which were also differentially expressed in at least one frozen case. Despite a significant drop in the number of transcripts detectable, the data suggests that the obtainable information in ethanol-fixed samples may be useful for molecular profiling where frozen tissue is not available. However, ethanol fixation and paraffin embedding of tissue specimens is not optimal for high-throughput mRNA expression analysis. Improved methods for transcript profiling of archival samples, and/or tissue processing are still required.
Constituency Homogeneity, Economic Risk, and Support for Quebec Sovereignty: A Research Note

This article presents a test of the argument that vulnerability to economic dislocation, primarily as it is represented by economic homogeneity in communities, exercises a constraint on levels of support for Quebec nationalism. The guiding hypothesis is that residents of economically vulnerable ridings will be reluctant to accept the risks attached with political moves toward independence. The authors employ data on the level of support for the Bloc Quebecois in the federal elections of 1993 and 1997, and the proportion voting "Yes" in the 1995 sovereignty referendum in Quebec, in the province's 75 federal electoral districts as their measures of support for sovereignty. Results suggest that there is a relationship between the geographies of potential economic vulnerability and the level of nationalist support, particularly evident in the 1995 referendum voting and the 1997 election. Calculations involving perceived economic vulnerability and risk remain as powerful defenders of the political status quo in Quebec.
Neurovascular alignment in adult mouse skeletal muscles.

Objective: Muscle blood flow increases with motor unit recruitment. The physical relationships between somatic motor nerves, which control muscle fiber contraction, and arterioles, which control microvascular perfusion, are unexplored. The authors tested the hypothesis that motor axons align with arterioles in adult skeletal muscle.Methods: Transgenic mice (C57BL/6 background, n = 5; 10 months of age) expressing yellow fluorescent protein in all motor nerves underwent vascular casting (Microfil). Excised epitrochlearis, gracilis, gluteus maximus, and spinotrapezius muscles were imaged at 380× and 760× and a computer-integrated tracing system (Neurolucida) was used to acquire 3-dimensional digital renderings of entire arteriolar and neural networks within each muscle.Results: Arteriolar networks were typically ∼3-fold longer than neural networks. Nerves coursed with arterioles until terminating at motor endplates. Across muscles, proximity analyses revealed that ∼ 75% of total nerve length (9.8–48.8 mm) la...
Full-wave vector Maxwell equation modeling of the self-focusing of ultrashort optical pulses in a nonlinear Kerr medium exhibiting a finite response time

The extension of the conventional finite-difference time-domain solution of the full vector Maxwell equations to modeling femtosecond optical-pulse propagation in a nonlinear Kerr medium that exhibits a finite response time is presented. Numerical results are given for nonlinear self-focusing in two space dimensions and time; the technique can be generalized to three space dimensions with adequate computer resources. Comparisons with previously reported and anticipated results are made. Several novel phenomena that are not observed with scalar models of self-focusing and that can be attributed only to the complete solution of the vector Maxwell equations are discussed.
New evaluation of potential methylmercury scavengers

A biological assay was developed to evaluate rapidly the relative efficacy of marketed and experimental mercurial scavengers. Rat liver mitochondrial protein (1.0 mg) was titrated against methylmercuric chloride to the inhibitory level of mitochondrial respiration. Respiration induced by adenosine 5′-diphosphate with succinate (plus rotenone) as the substrate was inhibited consistently by 20.7 ± 3.9 nmoles of methylmercury/mg of protein. Adenosine 5′-diphosphate-stimulated respiration (State 3) was restored with dimercaprol, penicillamine, and cysteine but not with serine. The antagonists glutathione, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, thioglucose, mercaptosuccinic acid, and thiosalicylic acid were effective. Glutathione was significantly superior to thiosalicylic acid and mercaptosuccinic acid. Sodium sulfide, thioacetamide, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were completely inactive. Substitution of glutamate (plus malate) for succinate (plus rotenone) as the substrate did not alter the responses significantly. The rat liver mitochondrial assay provides preliminary information about the efficacy and toxicity of water-soluble thiols. Investigations utilizing encapsulated water- and lipid-soluble mercaptans are in progress.
FURTHER PURIFICATION OF THE GROWTH HORMONE OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY1

ALTHOUGH EXPERIMENTALLY produced overgrowth and undergrowth of the body gave convincing proof of the endocrine ‘control’ of growth by the anterior pituitary, the existence of a ‘growth hormone’ as a specific chemical entity has been challenged. The unquestioned increases in body weights and dimensions which follow the administration of certain anterior pituitary extracts have been looked upon as additive or synergistic effects from other specific pituitary hormones. One of us (1) has answered this contention elsewhere but it must be admitted that final proof that the growth hormone represents a separate entity can be obtained only by chemical separation of this hormone from the other hormones of the gland. The present paper reports a partial solution of this problem. A method of extraction and fractionation of beef anterior pituitaries has been described (2) which removes the follicle stimulating factor with the albumins and retains the growth potency in the globulin fraction.
Behavior-Specific Social Support for Healthy Behaviors Among African American Church Members: Applying Optimal Matching Theory

This study used data from 850 African Americans to test optimal matching theory (OMT). OMT predicts that 1) the most important dimensions of social support depend on the controllability of the behavior and 2) different network members often provide support across health behaviors. Data were gathered on social support source for physical activity, healthy diet, and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening; perceived levels of informational, instrumental, and emotional support specific to these behaviors; self-efficacy around the behaviors; and engagement in the behaviors. Within individuals, the primary support source varied considerably across the behaviors under consideration. Multivariate models regressing behaviors on dimension-specific support indicated partial support for OMT: Informational support was associated with a healthy diet and CRC screening; instrumental support was associated with a healthy diet and CRC screening; and emotional support was associated with CRC screening and, among women, physical activity. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of developing more effective interventions.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Flexible Rotating Shafts With Centrifugal Pendulum Vibration Absorbers

We consider the nonlinear vibration response of rotating flexible shafts fitted with centrifugally driven pendulum vibration absorbers (CPVAs) that are used to address engine-order torsional vibrations. The model used to represent the behavior of the flexible shaft consists of two lumped inertial elements with an interconnecting stiffness element, which captures the rigid body and fundamental torsional vibration modes of the rotor. The absorbers are centrifugally driven pendulums fitted to a rotor element, such that their natural frequencies scale with the rotor speed, and can thus tuned to a given order of rotation. Previous analysis of a linearized version of this coupled rotor-absorber system revealed frequency veering behavior as the rotation speed varies, and showed that one can detune the absorber to eliminate key system resonances. In this paper the behavior of the system is analyzed for large absorber amplitudes using perturbation methods and numerical simulations. It is shown that the absorbers remain effective in reducing torsional vibration when moving through large amplitudes, and that the resonance avoidance is similarly robust. This has practical implications for the tuning of absorbers in certain applications.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Has Psychiatric Medication Reduced Crime and Delinquency

Several strands of research are consistent with the possibility that expansions in psychiatric medication usage have reduced crime and delinquency. Estimates suggest that medication usage has increased to as much as 9% of the youth population and up to 20% of the adult population in the United States and is high among populations associated with the criminal justice system. Studies show that four classes of commonly used psychiatric medication do reduce aggressive behavior, and crime rates are lower among diagnosed patients receiving such medications compared to those not. Prescriptions for medication increased fivefold for youth during the time that crime has declined in the United States and elsewhere, and two population-level analyses find some association between prescription rates and crime trends over time. However, true experimental studies are lacking, and one of the better trend studies does not show strong associations. This article proposes a research agenda for this issue.
HIP-JOINT INVOLVEMENT IN GAUCHER'S DISEASE

From a study of eight cases of Gaucher's disease with hip-joint involvement, classified on the basis of age group and roentgenograms, it appears that treatment by prolonged rest is indicated to minimize deformity in the patient in the younger age group.
Immunology of the inner ear: response of the inner ear to antigen challenge

The relationship of the inner ear to host immunity and the immunoresponsiveness of the inner ear to antigen challenge were investigated. A radioimmunoassay was used to quantitate antibody titers to keyhole-limpet hemocyanin generated in the serum, perilymph, and CSF of guinea pigs following systemic or inner ear immunizations. The results of these experiments demonstrate (1) the blood-labyrinth barrier is analogous to the blood-brain barrier with respect to immunoglobulin equilibrium, (2) the inner ear is capable of responding to antigen challenge, and (3) the inner ear is an effective route for systemic immunization.
Fuel Cell Vehicles as Back-Up Power Options

Gasoline or diesel-powered backup generators have typically been used to provide energy to homes during emergencies. The increase in electrification of vehicles means that vehicle and residential energy needs can now be combined, and a vehicle can potentially provide electricity to a home during a power outage. Because commercially available electric vehicles cannot provide more than a few hours of energy, this article proposes a fuel cell-powered range-extended electric vehicle that can offer energy for significantly longer than battery electric vehicles.
PO-0725a Neonatal Screening Of Aminoglycoside Ototoxicity Related Genetic Factors In Chinese Neonates

Hearing loss is one of the commonest genetic disease which impact human health. There are about 60% hearing loss patient because of the genetic facters. result of the overlapping factors of genetic predisposition and environmental impact. Mutations in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, particularly the m.1555A >G have been repeatedly associated with increased susceptibility to the ototoxic effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamycin, tobramycin, amikacin, kanamycin, or streptomycin. The Chinese government suggest the children blow 12-years old do not to use the aminoglycosides. But the aminoglycoside antimicrobials is the first-line Antimicrobial agents. Aminoglycosides,typically tobramycin, in conjunction with a β-lactam are the preferred treatment, because there is some evidens indicating that 20% of Pseudomonas infections are resistant to quinolones (e.g., ciprofloxicin), whereas 4% are resistant to tobramycin. The mt.1555A >G mutation is reported to have 100% penetrance when patients are exposed to aminoglycosides. We screened the total 17097 neonatal children were included in this study,who were mainly Beijing register and all born in Beijing. 810(4.73%) children showed the mutation, 51(0.29%) showed the mutation in mitochondrial 12S rRNA. Among them, 47(0.27%) showed the A1555G mutation and 36/47 appeared to be homoplasmic for this mutation; 3 showed the C1494T mutation and all of them appeared homogeneous mutation. In conclusion, by neonatal screening we considered that screening deafness gene mutations for neonatal before using the aminoglycoside antibiotics is very necessary, that not only avoid the ototoxic, but also make the aminoglycoside antibiotics play a vital role in the clinic.
Finite Linear Groups, the Commodore 64, Euler and Sylvester

(1986). Finite Linear Groups, the Commodore 64, Euler and Sylvester. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 93, No. 9, pp. 717-719.
The Shareholder's Delight: companies that achieve competitive advantage from process innovation

Process innovation strategies are rare in traditionally 'non–process' industries. Why do non–process industries appear to be so slow to learn from successful innovation in the process industries. What are the principal concepts and practices of process innovation? This paper examines some examples of success in process innovation strategies in several process industries. Similar successes in non–process industries are also described. Managerial policies in the two types of industry are compared, and a number of ideas for the management of process innovation in the non–process industries are offered.
A Phase-Leg Power Module Packaged With Optimized Planar Interconnections and Integrated Double-Sided Cooling

A multilayer planar interconnection structure was used for the packaging of liquid-cooled automotive power modules. The power semiconductor switch dies are sandwiched between two symmetric substrates, providing planar electrical interconnections and insulation. Two minicoolers are directly bonded to the outside of these substrates, allowing double-sided, integrated cooling. The power switch dies are orientated in a face-up/face-down 3-D interconnection configuration to form a phase leg. The bonding areas between the dies and substrates, and the substrates and coolers are designed to use identical materials and are formed in one heating process. A special packaging process has been developed so that high-efficiency production can be implemented. Incorporating high-efficiency cooling and low-loss electrical interconnections allows dramatic improvements in systems' cost, and electrical conversion efficiency. These features are demonstrated in a planar bond-packaged prototype of a 200 A/1200 V phase-leg power module made of silicon (Si) insulated gate bipolar transistor and PiN diodes.
A note on Using regression models to analyze randomized trials: asymptotically valid hypothesis tests despite incorrectly specified models.

Summary In the context of randomized trials, Rosenblum and van der Laan (2009, Biometrics 63, 937–945) considered the null hypothesis of no treatment effect on the mean outcome within strata of baseline variables. They showed that hypothesis tests based on linear regression models and generalized linear regression models are guaranteed to have asymptotically correct Type I error regardless of the actual data generating distribution, assuming the treatment assignment is independent of covariates. We consider another important outcome in randomized trials, the time from randomization until failure, and the null hypothesis of no treatment effect on the survivor function conditional on a set of baseline variables. By a direct application of arguments in Rosenblum and van der Laan (2009), we show that hypothesis tests based on multiplicative hazards models with an exponential link, i.e., proportional hazards models, and multiplicative hazards models with linear link functions where the baseline hazard is parameterized, are asymptotically valid under model misspecification provided that the censoring distribution is independent of the treatment assignment given the covariates. In the case of the Cox model and linear link model with unspecified baseline hazard function, the arguments in Rosenblum and van der Laan (2009) cannot be applied to show the robustness of a misspecified model. Instead, we adopt an approach used in previous literature (Struthers and Kalbfleisch, 1986, Biometrika 73, 363–369) to show that hypothesis tests based on these models, including models with interaction terms, have correct type I error.
Probing into the Models for Students' Psychological Health Education

The psychological health education of higher learning in our country started in the early 1980s .At that time, this work was also adopted in our university. On the precondition of fulfilling the spirit of the related papers of education and based on the reality in our university, this article intends to discuss the psychological health education model of the students in our university by learning from some experience and actions. We are striving to find a new way that not only meets the actual condition in our university, but also is feasible to psychological health education in our university.
Continuous peripheral nerve blocks in the ambulatory setting: An update of the published evidence

© 2015 YEAR Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the evidence recently published involving the use of continuous peripheral nerve blocks (cPNBs) in the ambulatory setting. RECENT FINDINGS: New evidence exists involving the risks and benefits of cPNB in ambulatory patient populations such as pediatric ambulatory and postmastectomy patients. In addition, new related equipment is now available to facilitate ambulatory cPNB. SUMMARY: Recent advancements in equipment for cPNB facilitate the usage in the ambulatory setting. Research-supported ambulatory cPNB indications have expanded to include pediatric subpopulations and major breast surgery, while further evidence mounts for its efficacy in patient populations with previously demonstrated benefits, such as foot, ankle and shoulder surgery.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assays

Gene expression pattern in cancer cells differ significantly from their normal counter parts, owing to mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, their downstream targets, or owing to increased proliferation, and altered apoptotic potential. Various microarray based techniques have been widely utilized to study the differential expression of genes in cancer in recent years. Along with this, attempts have been made to study the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and chromatin modifications facilitating such differential gene expression. One of the widely used assays for this purpose is the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, which enables the analysis of the association of regulatory molecules with specific promoters or changes in histone modifications in vivo, without overexpressing any component. This has been of immense value, because ChIP assays can provide a snapshot of the regulatory mechanisms involved in the expression of a single gene, or a variety of genes at the same time. This review article outlines the general strategies and protocols used to carry out ChIP assays to study the differential recruitment of transcription factors, based on the experience in studying E2F1 and histone modifications as well as other published protocols. In addition, the use of ChIP assays to carry out global analysis of transcription factor recruitment is also addressed.
Dynamics of electrically driven sub-nanosecond switching in vanadium dioxide

The switching dynamics of electrically driven insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) and metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) in vanadium dioxide are investigated. The transient response of time domain measurements are modeled using a domain based 2-D heterogeneous resistive network, taking into account local electronic potential and local Joule heating. It reveals, the switching time is dominated by a spatially non-uniform percolation of the metallic phase during the IMT driven by electro-thermal forces. We demonstrate an IMT switching time of 793ps in scaled VO 2 devices and project IMT and MIT switching speed for scaled devices.
A vitamin-B2-sensing mechanism that regulates gut protease activity to impact animal’s food behavior and growth

To survive challenging environments, animals acquired the ability to evaluate food quality in the intestine and respond to nutrient deficiencies with changes in food-response behavior, metabolism and development. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying intestinal sensing of specific nutrients, especially micronutrients such as vitamins, and the connections to downstream physiological responses in animals remain underexplored. We have established a system to analyze the intestinal response to vitamin B2 (VB2) deficiency in Caenorhabditis elegans, and demonstrated that VB2 level critically impacts food uptake and foraging behavior by regulating specific protease gene expression and intestinal protease activity. We show that this impact is mediated by TORC1 signaling through reading the FAD-dependent ATP level. Thus, our study in live animals uncovers a VB2-sensing/response pathway that regulates food-uptake, a mechanism by which a common signaling pathway translates a specific nutrient signal into physiological activities, and the importance of gut microbiota in supplying micronutrients to animals.
Would Technology Obliterate Medical Transcription?: The Antecedents and Consequences of Technology-driven Obsolescence Perceptions on Turnover Intentions of Medical Transcriptionists

Increasingly, the adoption of speech recognition technology (SRT ) by various hospitals has posed a threat to the medical transcription profession. As turnover intentions among medical transcriptionists are on the rise, understanding the role of technology in shaping turnover intentions requires attention, and yet is a significant gap in the literature. Drawing upon the theories of stress and turnover intentions, and prior work on professional obsolescence, we propose a new construct called technology-driven obsolescence perceptions in the medical transcription domain. We posit that technology-driven obsolescence perceptions positively impact turnover intentions, and antecedents such as work-family conflict, fairness of rewards, work excellence and job commitment have differential impacts on technology-driven obsolescence perceptions. Results indicate that all the hypotheses in the study are supported. Our study makes important contributions to the obsolescence and turnover intentions literature, and has important implications for research and practice alike.
Multimodality Image-Guided Cryoablation for Inoperable Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia.

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a debilitating paraneoplastic condition caused by small phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMTs) that secrete large amounts of the phosphate-regulating and vitamin D-regulating hormone, FGF23. Tumor removal results in cure. However, because of high perioperative comorbidity, either from tumor location or host factors, surgery is sometimes not an option. Tumor destruction via cryoablation may be an effective option for inoperable PMTs. Three subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of TIO were studied. All three underwent cryoablation of suspected PMTs rather than surgery due to significant medical comorbidities or challenging anatomical location. Subject 3 had tumor embolization 24 hours prior to cryoablation because of the size and hypervascularity of the tumor. The success of the tumor cryoablation was defined by normalization of serum phosphate and FGF23. Cryoablation resulted in a rapid decrease in plasma intact FGF23 by 24 hours postprocedure in all three subjects (0, 2, and 9 pg/mL, respectively) with normalization of blood phosphate by postprocedure day 3. Three-day renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate increased to 76%, 94%, and 95.2%, respectively; 1, 25(OH)2 vitamin D increased to 84, 138, and 196 pg/ml, respectively. All three had dramatic clinical improvement in pain and weakness. Two subjects tolerated the procedure well with no complications; one had significant prolonged procedure-related localized pain. Although surgery remains the treatment of choice, cryoablation may be an effective, less invasive, and safe treatment for patients with difficult to remove tumors or who are poor surgical candidates. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Short-Term Evaluation of Transition from Differential to Uniform Speed Limit for Trucks and Buses on Two-Lane Highways

As of November 2016, Montana was the only state to maintain a differential speed limit on two-lane two-way rural highways, with a daytime statutory speed limit of 70 mph for cars and light trucks and 60 mph for trucks exceeding a 1-ton payload capacity. Although differential speed limits are common on freeways, the use of differential limits on two-lane roadways presents unique safety and operational issues because of passing limitations and the resultant platooning that occurs. Given these concerns, the speed limit was changed from the differential 70 mph to 60 mph speed limit to a uniform 65 mph limit for all vehicles along 55 mi of two-lane highway in April 2013. This study evaluated the short-term operational and safety impacts associated with this transition. Given the limited time period over which data were available following the speed limit change, surrogate safety measures were investigated to provide immediate feedback as to these impacts. A series of field studies was performed on two-lane rur...
Family Victim: Encountering Deviance and Representing Intersubjectivity

The ethnographic film Family Victim explores the bi-directionality of cultural and family context in the development of someone behaviorally quite different from the norm. Estu is the so-called “bad coconut” of a respected Javanese family. His disruptive patterns of conduct have stressed his relationships and threatened his marriage, eliciting multiple explanatory models for his “troubled and troubling” life course, including the Indonesian idioms of distress amok/ngamuk and spirit possession, and the globalized folk diagnosis of psychopathy. By tracking the anthropologist’s attempts to understand Estu’s deviance and his family’s response to it, the film and the chapter demonstrate the forms of analytic consciousness an anthropologist goes through in making sense of a subject, and illustrate how the intersubjective reality that takes shape influences relationships, the filmmaking process, and the finished film.
Punch design for floating based micro-tube hydroforming die assembly

Abstract Conventional punches used in tube hydroforming (THF) are hollow to facilitate supply of pressurized fluid to the die cavity. The fabrication of hollow micro-punches for micro-THF which can sustain punch loads presents a challenge. This study proposes different types of micro punch designs that can be used in conjunction with floating based micro-tube hydroforming (THF) die set-up. Finite element analysis was carried out to determine the feasibility of the proposed punch design variants followed by Micro-THF experiments. The experiments were carried out to hydroform Y, T, and bulge shaped parts from SS 304 1 mm and 2 mm tubular blanks. The study has demonstrated that notched punches can effectively be used in micro-THF. The major benefit of using notched punches is that, longer micro-punches with the desired strength can be fabricated with ease using electrical discharge machining (EDM).
Using S-STEP to Understand Faculty Roles in Establishing Teachers of Color

While I have used multiple forms of qualitative research (e.g., case study, grounded theory, etc.), I have only recently been exposed to S-STEP as a methodology. Its utility provided a structure for the messiness that came with exploring how I as a faculty member might create change, personally and systematically, in getting more males of color into early childhood education (ECE). The following sections provide a framework of my initiation into teacher education and S-STEP as a methodology, guided by “Background as a Teacher Educator and Researcher,” “The Evolution of My Understanding of the Nature of S-STEP Methodology,” “A Current Study Using S-STEP,” and “Strengths and Limitations of S-STEP for the Current Study.”
Use of Nitrous Oxide in Dermatology: A Systematic Review.

Background Many dermatologic procedures are painful and can be distressing to patients. Objective To determine whether nitrous oxide has been used in dermatology and whether literature supports its use in terms of providing analgesia and anxiety associated with dermatologic procedures. Methods A search of PubMed and Cochrane databases was conducted through July 15, 2016, to identify studies involving nitrous oxide use in dermatology. Results Eight studies were identified and reviewed. The use of nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture resulted in a significant reduction in pain when used for photodynamic therapy, botulinum toxin therapy for hyperhidrosis of both the palms and axilla, aesthetic procedures involving various laser procedures, and in the treatment of bed sores and leg ulcers. However, pain scores were higher when nitrous oxide/oxygen was used in the debridement of chronic ulcers when compared with the use of topical anesthesia. In addition, nitrous oxide has been reported effective at reducing pain in hair transplants, dermabrasion, excision and repairs, and pediatric procedures. Conclusion Current literature provides some evidence that nitrous oxide, used alone or as adjunct anesthesia, is effective at providing analgesia for many dermatologic procedures. Nitrous oxide has many potential applications in dermatology; however, further evidence from randomized controlled trials is needed.