cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance Modeling of Algebraic Multigrid on Blue Gene/Q: Lessons Learned

The IBM Blue Gene/Q represents a large step in the evolution of massively parallel machines. It features 16-core compute nodes, with additional parallelism in the form of four simultaneous hardware threads per core, connected together by a five-dimensional torus network. Machines are being built with core counts in the hundreds of thousands, with the largest, Sequoia, featuring over 1.5 million cores. In this paper, we develop a performance model for the solve cycle of algebraic multigrid on Blue Gene/Q to help us understand the issues this popular linear solver for large, sparse linear systems faces on this architecture. We validate the model on a Blue Gene/Q at IBM, and conclude with a discussion of the implications of our results.
Beam Attenuation And Absorption Meters

The calibration of beam attenuation meters by means of a water standard measured with a two-pathlengths device is discussed. It is shown that the particulate scattering to attenuation ratio can be assumed to be constant to the same accuracy that the shape of the volume scattering function can be assumed to be constant in sea water. This observation allows one to correct beam attenuation meters without the need to measure forward scattering. An equation for this correction is derived and a table of values for the correction at a wavelength of 665 nm is given. The principles of construction as well as potential errors and their corrections are shown fora reflecting tube light absorption meter. Preliminary results for such a device are also shown.
Structure and activity of largazole, a potent antiproliferative agent from the Floridian marine cyanobacterium Symploca sp.

A novel cytotoxic cyclodepsipeptide, termed largazole (1), has been isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Symploca sp. collected in the Florida Keys. Its planar structure was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by chemical degradation followed by chiral HPLC analysis. Largazole (1) possesses densely assembled unusual structural features, including a rare 4-methylthiazoline linearly fused to a thiazole in its cyclic core and a hitherto undescribed 3-hydroxy-7-mercaptohept-4-enoic acid unit incorporated in an ester, thioester, and amide framework. Largazole (1) exhibits potent antiproliferative activity and preferentially targets cancer cells over nontransformed cells.
The Effects of Glutamine-Supplemented Parenteral Nutrition in Premature Infants

Background: Glutamine (GLN) is the primary fuel for rapidly dividing cells, yet it is not a constituent of parenteral nutritional formulas administered to newborns. The aims of this prospective, randomized, double-blind trial were (1) to confirm the safety of glutamine supplementation for premature infants and (2) to examine the effects of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition on length of stay, days on total parenteral nutrition (TPN), days on the ventilator, and other clinical outcomes. Methods: Premature infants received either standard or glutamine-supplemented TPN and were monitored throughout length of stay for various health and biochemical indices. The group was examined as a whole (n = 44; birth weight range: 530 to 1250 g) and in two weight subgroups, <800 and ≥800 g. Results: Serum ammonia, blood urea nitrogen, and glutamate tended to be higher in the GLN groups, but the levels were well within normal limits. In the <800-g cohort (n = 24), glutamine-supplemented infants required fewer day...
The effects of insulin and anterior pituitary extract on the blood amino nitrogen in eviscerated rats.

IT IS well recognized that the intact animal maintains the concentration of blood amino acids at a fairly constant level and that in only very few circumstances do the values vary significantly from normal. Since the liver is the chief organ of deamination in the body, it seemed that observations on the blood amino acid levels in the liverless animal should afford a good opportunity for a study of the regulation by different agents of amino acid metabolism. The first successful hepatectomies were reported in dogs by Mann (1921); and Bollman, Mann and Magath (1926) showed that such an operation was followed within a few hours by a marked rise in the blood amino acid nitrogen level. This observation has been confirmed for the monkey by Maddock and Drury (1938), and for the rabbit by Svedberg, Maddock and Drury (1938). The effects of evisceration on blood amino acid levels were studied by Svedberg et al.
Computer algorithm for the tomographic image reconstruction with X-ray transmission scans.

Abstract The detailed computer algorithm for multiple scan X-ray transmission three-dimensional image reconstruction is illustrated along with a technique which compensation (LSC) technique with weighing factors and transfer function concepts. Computer implementation and simulation results will be presented together with associated physical and electronic problems.
Reverse intersystem crossing from a triplet state of rose bengal populated by sequential 532- +1064-nm laser excitation

A previously unstudied triplet state of rose bengal has been identified by near-infrared laser flash photolysis measurements. Its absorption peaks between 1050 and 1075 nm with a cross-section of (1.1±0.1)×10−16 cm2 in phosphate-buffered saline. This state, denoted as T2, was further characterized through two-step laser-induced fluorescence measurements. The photophysical parameters describing the higher-lying triplet populated by the two-step, two-color excitation were determined from fits of a model of the kinetics to the experimental data. This model allows reverse intersystem crossing from T2 to S1 followed by S1→S0 fluorescence. On the basis of this analysis T2 has a quantum yield of reverse intersystem crossing of 0.0142±0.0003, a lifetime of 5.8±1.6 ps, and a thermalization rate constant of 1.30±0.18 ps−1.
The use of earthworms in environmental management.

Abstract During the past 25 yr, research by the authors at Rothamsted Experimental Station investigated many aspects of the utilization of earthworms in land improvement and environmental management. Results of some of these investigations are summarized in this paper with the aim of illustrating the general principles of how earthworm populations can be manipulated and managed for environmental improvement. The use of earthworms in land improvement and reclamation: we investigated the effects of inoculating earthworms of the species Lumbricus terrestris L., Aporrectodea longa (Ude), Aporrectodea caliginosa (Sav.) and Allolobophora chlorotica (Sav.) into intact soil profiles in the laboratory, plots on direct-drilled, arable land in the field and newly-capped waste disposal sites that had few or no earthworms. In all these studies the earthworms increased significantly in number and rate of growth and yield of plants growing on the inoculated sites. Earthworms for inoculation were obtained by field collection after watering soil with dilute formaldehyde solution. The use of earthworms in organic waste management: the life cycles and productivity of Eisenia fetida (Sav.), Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg), Perionyx excavatus (Michaelsen) and Dendrobaena veneta (Rosa), and their potential in processing animal and plant wastes, from sewage, agricultural, domestic, urban and industrial sources are summarized. The preprocessing of wastes, their population ecology, optimum stocking rates, the mechanization of processing and utilization of the product are discussed. Results of experiments on the effects of temperatures of 10, 15, 20 and 25°C and a range of soil moisture contents of 70, 75, 80, 85 and 90% on the growth, cocoon production and cocoon hatching of the four species are summarized. The use of earthworms in assessment of the environmental effects of chemicals: earthworms can be used as key indicators to predict the effects of chemicals on other soil invertebrates. Methods of testing chemicals against earthworms in field and laboratory are reviewed. Two standardized laboratory test methods, one exposing earthworms to chemicals on filter paper and one to chemicals in artificial soils are described, and the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) for chloracetamide, pentachlorophenol, chlordane, carbaryl, potassium bromide, copper sulfate and trichloracetic acid calculated, based on assays done in 34 laboratories. The relevancy of the two tests in environmental toxicity testing is reviewed.
Remaining problems in nuclear dynamics

Abstract Several aspects of nuclear collective motion are explored. A unified shell-model picture of nuclear deformation valid throughout the periodic table is outlined. Some open problems related to the development of a unified microscopic theory of nuclear collective motion are discussed.
ABSORPTION OF METHYLBACTERIOPHEOPHORBIDE a SINGLE CRYSTALS: SPECTRAL SHIFTS DUE TO π‐π INTERACTIONS

— Polarized absorption spectra were obtained for a single crystal of methylbacteriophorbide a (MeBPhide a). The Qy band is red-shifted ? 1660 cm-1 (? 110 nm) relative to MeBPhide a in a CH2Cl2/benzene solution. This is equivalent to the largest red shifts observed for in vivo bacteriochlorophyll a. The Soret band exhibits a smaller red shift and a significant reduction in intensity, and the Qx band is not observed. The crystal spectra are qualitatively similar to spectra reported for several other aggregated (bacterio)chlorophyll and bacteriopheophytin systems. Since crystalline MeBPhide a contains no Mg, water or hydrogen bonding (Barkigia etal., 1981), these results demonstrate that the spectral changes associated with the aggregation of photosynthetic chromophores can arise solely from IT-IT interactions between macrocycles.
Endoscope-assisted retrosigmoid resection of a medium size vestibular schwannoma tumor model: a cadaveric study.

Abstract Objective To demonstrate a flexible endoscope assisted technique to perform microsurgical resection using a retrosigmoid approach of an artificial polymer tumor model that mimics a medium size (15–20 mm diameter) vestibular schwannoma. Methods Twelve bilateral retrosigmoid dissections were performed in 6 glutaraldehyde embalmed, colored silicone injected, adult cadaveric heads. Using a standard retrosigmoid approach, we first implanted the tumor model at the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and then we resected the tumor under simultaneous endoscopic and microscopic visualizations. The resection was performed by first creating a corridor by removing the lower portion of the tumor and then by inserting through the same corridor the flexible endoscope mounted on a surgical instrument in order to accomplish early visualization of the VII-VIII complex. This early visualization of the VII-VIII complex made possible expeditious removal of the model with preservation of the VII-VIII complex. Results We were able to successfully implant the artificial tumor in all the specimens. The post-tumor implantation CT scan confirmed the optimal CPA location of the model with its intra-porus extension. The exposure of the facial and the adjoining neuro-vascular structures was excellent during all stages of the surgical removal and was accomplished with minimal cerebellar retraction, under intermittent endoscopic-assisted control. Early visualization of the facial and vestibular cochlear nerves complex led to unhindered removal of the tumor model. Conclusions The endoscopic-assisted microsurgical removal of a tumor model simulating a medium size vestibular schwannoma was feasible in our tumor model study emulating real surgery. Visualization of the acousticofacial bundle at the early stage of the surgical removal should theoretically decrease the risk of its inadvertent injuries as well as facilitate complete removal of the tumor. Clinical studies to validate this laboratory study are necessary.
Out of Control: Palestinian News Satire and Government Power in the Age of Social Media

This article analyzes the Palestinian sketch comedy show Watan Ala Watar, placing the groundbreaking program in the context of theories of satire, government control, and popular resistance. Detailing the show's tumultuous relationship with the Palestinian Authority, the article argues that despite publicly supporting Watan Ala Watar so as to create the impression of a liberal media regime, the government ultimately could not accept the existence of uncensored political comedy. However, the article shows that through the use of new media, the program has continued to have an impact despite the government's refusal to put it on air.
Mitochondrial Complex III: Tuner of Autophagy

Using chemical approaches, Ma et al. in this issue of Chemistry & Biology identify mitochondrial complex III as a specific positive regulator of autophagy. This study brings us a step closer to understanding the mechanism by which basal autophagy is coupled to cellular energy flux.
FAD-Mediated enzymatic conversion of NAD+ to NADH: Application to chiral synthesis of L-lactate

Abstract Electroenzymatic reduction of NAD+ to NADH for subsequent use in enzymatic synthesis has been carried out at carbon electrodes bearing lipoamide dehydrogenase (LiDH) immobilized under a NafionR film. The self-mediated electron transfer was made possible by an excess of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) entrapped together with LiDH. Results were compared to those obtained with a similar electrode containing both LiDH and a polymeric form of FAD (pFAD) prepared by anodic polymerization of FAD. Electroenzymatic regeneration of NAD+ to NADH coupled to enzymatic synthesis of l -lactate has been done using FAD or a polymeric FAD (prepared by anodic polymerization) as mediators.
Sarcomere reorganization in mite muscle

Abstract The number of sarcomeres in a given muscle of the mite Tarsonemus randsi was constant in both larval and adult stages, with the exception of the two medial dorsal metapodosomal muscles in males. These muscles have three sarcomeres in larvae and one sarcomere in adults. This change in sarcomere number within a muscle was observed in the living animal by polarized light microscopy using parthenogenetically derived male larvae. Initially the transforming muscles shortened slowly (hours) and the appearance of the sarcomeres was comparable to that seen during normal contraction. With continued shortening there was apposition of adjacent A bands and disappearance of clearly visible Z lines, but no loss of birefringence. Over the next 12 hr there was further shortening of the muscle and loss of birefringence. This was apparent as shortening of the three apposed A regions to the length of a single A band with a small increase in muscle width and no increase in the peak retardation of the birefringent region. The observations are discussed in terms of differential loss of the A filaments of the two terminal sarcomeres.
Where does the confusion lief: Comments on the Wiseman and Tulving paper

Abstract The Wiseman and Tulving paper is criticized on both methodological and theoretical grounds. First, we argue that their paper does not meet the primary criticisms of encoding specificity raised in the Santa and Lamwers (1974) paper. A number of difficulties in their paradigm are then noted, followed by a general critique of recall-recognition contrasts. Finally, we conclude that the Wiseman and Tulving data have no relevance either to the principle of encoding specificity or to two-stage models of recall.
Decrease in the period of Pulsar PSR 0833-45

A DECREASE of 196 ns in the period of pulsar PSR 0833–45 has recently been observed1,2; I suggest that this decrease results from the addition of mass to the pulsar. A remnant of the supernova explosion forming the pulsar may not have escaped the gravitational field and may now have fallen back on the pulsar.
Pioneering a learning partnership: the University of Texas, SPIE, and the federal government together extend a hand to semiconductor manufacturers

Semiconductors (the process of making computer chips) is the most competitive component of the electronics industry. To stay competitive, semiconductor manufacturers need employees who continually learn. In an industry in which the knowledge base turns over every three years, keeping engineering professionals on the cutting edge is a challenge. This paper specifically examines the first year activity and outcomes of a regionally based pilot program serving the continuing eduction needs of semiconductor manufacturing engineers. The experimental program's success depends on effective partnering among The University of Texas, The International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), the Federal Government, organizations representing displaced engineers, and semiconductor manufacturers in the Southwest.
Measurements of Lattice Constant, Thermal Expansion, and Isothermal Compressibility of Neon Single Crystals

Single crystals of 99.995% purity neon were grown by directional solidification from the liquid, and the x-ray lattice constant was measured by means of a rotating-camera method. The volume coefficient of thermal expansion was determined over the interval 2.5 to 23.9\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K with a precision ranging from 5 ppm \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at low temperatures to 18 ppm \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at the highest temperature. The lattice constant extrapolated to 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is 4.46368\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00009 \AA{}*. Lattice-constant measurements of a crystal under hydrostatic helium pressure gave values of the isothermal compressibility over the temperature range 4.2 to 20.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The compressibility extrapolated to 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is (0.89\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$${\mathrm{dyn}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. This result is compared with the predicted values of several theoretical models. The isothermal compressibility and the volume coefficient of thermal expansion are combined with the heat capacity at constant pressure to determine the temperature variation of the thermal Gr\"uneisen parameter and the caloric Debye characteristic temperature. Existing theoretical treatments of the lattice dynamics of neon appear to be inadequate at finite temperatures.
On the control of wave energy devices in multi-frequency waves*

This paper presents a method for controlling a wave energy device to ensure high performance in random seas. The method is developed theoretically and a design proposed and analysed for an oscillating water column device. A PID (proportional integral differential) circuit and a digital filter are used in the feedback to drive a DC linear motor, maintaining zero phase shift between the wave excitation force and the velocity of the moving part of the device for nonharmonic motions. A practical design is worked out for a model oscillating water column and it is shown that the energy spent in achieving control can be made considerably less than that gained through control.
Synthesis and evaluation of pteroic acid-conjugated nitroheterocyclic phosphoramidates as folate receptor-targeted alkylating agents

A novel nitroheterocyclic bis(haloethyl)phosphoramidate prodrug linked through lysine to a pteroic acid has been prepared and evaluated as a potential alkylating agent to target tumor cells that overexpress the folate receptor. The prodrug exhibited IC(50) values in the micromolar range and was 10-400-fold less cytotoxic in vitro than the phosphoramidate that lacks the lysine-pteroyl moiety. The data does not support a contribution of the folate receptor to cytotoxicity. In an attempt to determine the basis for the decreased cytotoxicity in the pteroyl-lysyl analogue, compounds were prepared in which the lysine-pteroyl moiety was replaced with lysine alone or with an n-propyl group. The n-propyl and the lysyl analogues were on average 3.8- and 21-fold less potent than the unsubstituted bis(haloethyl)phosphoramidate, respectively. Chemical reduction of the prodrugs followed by (31)P NMR kinetics demonstrated that all of the phosphoramidate anions cyclized to the aziridinium ion at similar rates and gave comparable product distributions, suggesting that changes in chemical activation did not account for the differences in cytotoxicity. It is likely that folate receptor-mediated transport is not sufficient to deliver adequate intracellular concentrations of the cytotoxic phosphoramide mustard.
Evidence that homocysteine is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic patients

Abstract In 482 patients sequentially referred for diagnosis and therapy of hyperlipidemia, our specific aim was to determine the prevalence of homocysteinemia, to assess whether it was independently associated with atherosclerotic vascular disease, and to determine how effectively high homocysteine could be treated with folic acid and pyridoxine. Of the 482 patients, 18 (3.7%) had high homocysteine (≥16.2 μmol/L, median = 19), 31 had high cystathionine (≥342 nmol/L) with normal homocysteine (median = 12), and 433 had normal cystathionine and homocysteine (median = 9). Of the 18 patients with high homocysteine, 13 (72%) had atherosclerotic vascular disease, much higher than the 44% (192 of 433 patients) with normal homocysteine (chisquare = 5.4, p = 0.02). In the 18 kindreds with a homocysteinemic proband, 14 (78%) had ≥1 firstdegree relatives with atherosclerotic vascular disease before age 65, compared with 50% (215 of 433) of the families where the proband had normal homocysteine (chi-square = 5.5, p = 0.02). In the 482 patients already at high risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease by virtue of hyperlipidemia, when assessed by logistic regression, homocysteine was an independent positive predictor of atherosclerotic vascular disease (p = 0.007); relative risk for atherosclerotic events was 2.8 times higher (p = 0.0004) in patients with top (≥11.4 μmol/L) than with bottom (
"Shaping the tourist's gaze: Representing ethnic difference in a Nepali village."

Une pratique associee a l'industrie du tourisme dans le district de Chitwan au Nepal, le tour du village est devenue une forme d'expression des positions ethniques et une source de revendications de modernite par la population locale. Ce phenomene illustre le renforcement des traits locaux particuliers par la globalisation en tant qu'elle offre de nouveaux cadres dans lequels les gens peuvent interpreter leurs propres societes. Ainsi l'ideologie de modernite a remplace celle de caste comme le mode par lequel les Tharu et les Bhramanes du Nepal rural interpretent leurs relations inter-ethniques. Les touristes etrangers servent de repoussoir pour cette nouvelle interpretation par le biais du tour du village, au cours duquel des guides touristiques de haute caste conduisent les touristes pour les visites guidees des villages tharu. La representation des Tharu comme primitifs, peuple de la jungle vivant dans un autre temps, satisfait a la fois le desir d'experiences exotiques des touristes et l'ambition des Nepalais de haute caste qui souhaitent se representer comme appartenant au monde moderne d'ou les touristes sont presumes venir.
Mechanisms of glomerular injury in immune-complex disease.

Case presentation A 27-year-old black woman was admitted to Harborview Medical Center, a component of the Warren G. Magnuson Health Services Center at the University of Washington, complaining of midepigastric pain, chills, and sweats for the previous two days. She had been hospitalized several times previously for similar complaints, Each time the pain resolved spontaneously and no cause was found. The patient also had a history of intravenous drug abuse including heroin and amphetamines over a period of 7 years, but she denied drug use in the 2 months preceding admission. Her most recent medical evaluation was carried out 4 months prior to the present admission. At that time her serum creatinine was 0.9 mg/dl, BUN was 24 mg/dl, urinalysis was negative for protein, and urine sediment was unremarkable. Physical examination revealed a blood pressure of 160/110 mm Hg, temperature of 38°C, and pulse of 90/mm. Multiple healed needle tracks were present on both arms. The ocular fundi were normal. Dental hygiene was poor. Mild, nontender cervical adenopathy was present. The lungs were clear. A grade IlI/VI crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur was noted at the left sternal border radiating to the apex. The liver was palpable 1 cm below the right costal margin, but the spleen was not felt. Bilateral I + pretibial edema was present. No Roth spots or splinter hemorrhages were noted. Laboratory studies demonstrated an iron deficiency anemia, with a hematocrit of 30% and a reticulocyte count of 2.0%. The corrected erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 48 mm/hr. The white blood cell count was 21,600/mm3 with 81 neutrophils, 3 bands, 10 lymphocytes, 5 monocytes, and 1 eosinophil. The platelet count was 460,000/mm3. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was normal. Urinalysis disclosed 4+ protein with no glucose; the urine sediment contained 10 to 20 red blood cells and 5 to 10 white blood cells per high-power field, numerous
Identification of Hydroxysteroid (17β) Dehydrogenase Type 12 (HSD17B12) as a CD8+ T-cell-defined Human Tumor Antigen of Human Carcinomas

Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase type 12 (HSD17B12) is a multifunctional isoenzyme functional in the conversion of estrone to estradiol (E2), and elongation of long-chain fatty acids, in particular the conversion of palmitic to archadonic (AA) acid, the precursor of sterols and the inflammatory mediator, prostaglandin E2. Its overexpression together with that of COX-2 in breast carcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis. We have identified the HSD17B12114–122 peptide (IYDKIKTGL) as a naturally presented HLA-A*0201 (HLA-A2)-restricted CD8+ T-cell-defined epitope. The HSD17B12114–122 peptide, however, is poorly immunogenic in its in vitro ability to induce peptide-specific CD8+ T cells. Acting as an “optimized peptide”, a peptide (TYDKIKTGL), which is identical to the HSD17B12114–122 peptide except for threonine at residue 1, was required for inducing in vitro the expansion of CD8+ T-cell effectors cross-reactive against the HSD17B12114–122 peptide. In IFN-γ ELISPOT assays, these effector cells recognize HSD17B12114–122 peptide-pulsed target cells, as well as HLA-A2+ squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and breast carcinoma cell lines overexpressing HSD17B12 and naturally presenting the epitope. Whereas growth inhibition of a breast carcinoma cell line induced by HSD17B12 knockdown was only reversed by AA, in a similar manner, the growth inhibition of the SCCHN PCI-13 cell line by HSD17B12 knockdown was reversed by E2 and AA. Our findings provide the basis for future studies aimed at developing cancer vaccines for targeting HSD17B12, which apparently can be functional in critical metabolic pathways involved in inflammation and cancer.
Computational modeling of mixed oxidation-carburization processes: Part 1

Heat-resistant alloys used in mixed-oxidant environments rely on the formation of a chromia, alumina, or silica surface film for corrosion resistance and the presence of second-phase precipitates in the matrix often for their strength properties. The growth of the oxide film on such alloys is often accompanied by the dissolution of precipitates in the alloy subsurface region. Continued oxidation combined with oxide-scale spallation tends to decrease the content of the oxide-forming constituent to such a level that protective scaling can no longer occur and severe degradation can develop. In the present work, the initial corrosion processes involving the complex coupling between oxide scale growth and precipitate dissolution is simulated computationally. As an example, a Ni-Cr alloy containing Cr 23 C 6 precipitates was exposed to an oxidizing-carburizing environment. An approach combining finite difference and Newton-Raphson methodologies is developed to model this diffusion/ dissolution process, incorporating the point-defect-chemistry aspects of the oxide scale. The model is able to predict the chemical and microstructural evolution of high-chromium austenitic alloys during the initial stages of oxidation-carburization.
Fetotoxicity and cataractogenicity of mirex in rats and mice with notes on Kepone

Abstract The fetotoxic potential of mirex in the rat and the cataractogenic potential of mirex and Kepone in the rat and mouse have been studied. Signs of fetal toxicity including edema, undescended testes, and reduced weight were seen in litters of CD rats treated with 7 mg/kg/day of mirex on Days 7–16 of gestation. The postpartum administration of mirex to both rat and mouse dams resulted in dose-related incidences of irreversible cataracts. Outlined lenses were also noted in pups in treated litters. A total dose of 10 mg/kg mirex administered either singly or over 4 days during the first week after birth was cataractogenic in both albino (CD, Sherman strains) and nonalbino (Long-Evans) rats. A total dose of 12 mg/kg was cataractogenic in the CD-1 mouse. Cataracts were present by Day 13 (eye-opening) in the rat pups and generally appeared after Day 20 in the mouse. The maternal administration of mirex also resulted in dose-related decreases in weight and viability in their litters. The postpartum administration of Kepone to maternal rats and mice did not result in any alterations in the lenses of the pups.
Postanesthetic hyperthermia in cats: a retrospective comparison between hydromorphone and buprenorphine.

Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of postanesthetic hyperthermia [rectal temperature >40 °C (104 °F)] in a clinical population of cats. Study design Retrospective study. Animal population One hundred and twenty-five cats with an age range of 2 months to 16.1 years, and weighing 3.9 ± 1.5 kg. Materials and methods Data were obtained from the medical records of 125 cats that underwent general anesthesia. Information on perioperative rectal temperatures, breed, sex, weight, surgical procedure, anesthetic time, surgery time, anesthetic and analgesic drugs were retrieved. Statistical analyses Five groups of cats were compared; group 1 ( n = 15) received acepromazine and no opioids; group 2 ( n = 17) received acepromazine and buprenorphine; group 3 ( n = 19) received acepromazine, buprenorphine and ketoprofen; group 4 ( n = 45) received acepromazine and hydromorphone and group 5 ( n = 29) received acepromazine, hydromorphone and ketoprofen. Data conformed to a split-plot repeated measures analysis of variance and was analyzed using SAS PROC MIXED. Post hoc tests were by means of Bonferroni t -test; ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results Rectal temperature was significantly decreased in all groups at the end of anesthesia. Rectal temperature was significantly elevated at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours after the end of anesthesia in group 4, and at 2, 3 and 4 hours in group 5. Sixty-four percent of cats in group 4 and 69% in group 5 had rectal temperatures >40 °C (104 °F) at one or more times in the postanesthetic period. The highest temperature recorded was 42.5 °C (108.5 °F) in one cat in group 4. Mean rectal temperature did not exceed the preoperative temperature at any time during the postanesthetic period in group 1, 2 and 3 animals. Conclusions This study indicates an association between hyperthermia and perioperative administration of hydromorphone in cats. Clinical relevance When hydromorphone is used in cats their body temperature should be closely monitored.
Spaces of Hope

Spaces of Hope. David Harvey. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. viii. 293 pp., appendix, bibliography, index.
The Tale of Two Cultures: Attitudes towards Affirmative Action in the United States and India

Abstract This study seeks to inform multinational corporations as they integrate domestic and international affirmative action policies and strategies. Improvement of these abilities can have important implications for human resource management and organizational productivity outcomes. To increase our understanding of the international perspectives of affirmative action, we examine employee perceptions of the structure of affirmative action plans in the United States and India. The differences in affirmative action plans implemented in these countries as well as country cultural differences offer interesting backdrops for examining cross-country differences in employee perceptions of affirmative action.
Public argument in the new media ecology: Implications of temporality, spatiality, and cognition

This article argues that argumentation studies need to engage contemporary theories of new media technologies and culture in order to understand how public argument is empirically embedded. The article discusses the new media ecology with regard to contemporary scholarship and theory around digital cultural subjectivity and cognition, affect, professional political communication, information overload, diffusion, cybernetics and biopower — all arguably essential to understanding public argument today. It then demonstrates one way of studying popular forms of public argument by analyzing rumor bombs. Finally, it proposes that contemporary public argument has a new spatiality and temporality and is thus fundamentally different that what was considered public argument in pre-Web 2.0 culture.
Very Low-Complexity Hardware Interleaver for Turbo Decoding

This brief presents a very low complexity hardware interleaver implementation for turbo code in wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) systems. Algorithmic transformations are extensively exploited to reduce the computation complexity and latency. Novel VLSI architectures are developed. The hardware implementation results show that an entire turbo interleave pattern generation unit consumes only 4 k gates, which is an order of magnitude smaller than conventional designs.
APPLICATION OF THE RECIPROCAL THEOREM TO SOME PROBLEMS FOR THE ELASTIC HALF-SPACE

Abstract Betti 's reciprocal theorem is used to determine the normal displacements due to a normal point force at the plane surface of a generally-anisotropic half-space or a transversely-isotropic general elastic foundation, using a state of plane sinusoidal loading as auxiliary solution. The method is also extended to give a dual integral equation formulation of the axisymmetric contact problem for an inhomogeneous half-space in which the elastic moduli are arbitrary functions of depth.
Constitutional Limits on Private Policing and the State's Allocation of Force

This note argues that a variety of “private police” forces, such as university patrols and residential security guards, should be held to the constitutional limitations found in the Bill of Rights. These private police act as arms of the state by supplying force in response to a public demand for order and security. The state, as sovereign, retains responsibility to allocate force, in the form of either public or private police, in response to public demand. This state responsibility — a facet of its police power — is evidenced throughout English and American history. When this force responds to a public demand for order and security, existing state action doctrine case law places both public and private force under constitutional scrutiny.
Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease: How Much Is Enough?

Physical inactivity is an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, although physical activity is recommended as a component of healthy lifestyle, the amount (intensity, duration, and frequency) of physical activity required to protect against coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease (ie, stroke) is unclear. In general, there is a graded inverse association of physical activity with CHD and total cardiovascular disease (the combination of CHD and stroke). The patterns of association between physical activity dose and stroke are less clear; individual studies suggest a threshold effect for benefits, whereas meta-analytic studies report a graded inverse association. Despite known differences in physical activity behaviors between men and women, the patterns of association between dose of activity and cardiovascular diseases are similar by gender. Observational studies of walking behaviors and one recent clinical trial suggest that lower “doses” of physical activity are as...
A generalized fock space model for nonlinear systems driven by random inputs

A general nonparametric model for a non-linear dynamical system driven by a second-order random process is proposed. The model is based on the best approximation of the nonlinear system structure in a generalized Fock space as well as on the mean square estimation of the output given the input-output statistics. The model is realized by a cascade of a linear dynamical system L1, a nonlinear zero-memory system N, and a linear dynamical system L2.
Absence of Significant Short-Term Electromagnetic Bioeffects in Giant Algal Cells Exposed to CW and Pulse-Modulated X-Band Bursts

Giant cells of the algae Chara brauni and Nitella flexilis were exposed to continuous wave and pulse-modulated bursts of X-band microwaves and the vacuolar potential was monitored for immediate radiation-correlated offsets. No such offsets were observed despite a resolution of approximately 5 in 10/sup 5/, and despite the wide variety of frequencies, power levels, and pulse protocols employed.
An Analysis of Long-Term Instructional Plans in Reading for Elementary Resource Room Students

Long-term instructional plans for one academic year for 62 elementary resource room students were examined to determine the type of reading instruction planned with respect to the number and type of activities per day, duration of the activities, and changes made in the plan. Also of interest were the motivational strategies, teaching arrangements, and degree of overlap of plans written by the same teacher for two or more students. The plans written by 22 teachers indicated that students spend about half of their resource room time in a one-to-one situation reading aloud to the teacher and about one-third of the time working independently. There is little instruction unique for individual students. Implications for teacher training and directions for future research are included.
Perinatal outcomes in women with preeclampsia and superimposed preeclampsia: do they differ?

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether superimposed preeclampsia results in worse perinatal outcomes than preeclampsia. Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study using our perinatal database (1990-2008). Perinatal outcomes among women with chronic hypertension (n = 1032), superimposed preeclampsia (n = 489), and preeclampsia (n = 4217) were compared with outcomes of control subjects (n = 57,103). Outcomes among women with superimposed preeclampsia were also compared with outcomes of women with preeclampsia. Multivariable analysis was used to control for confounders. Results Rates of small-for-gestational age, abruption, stillbirth, and eclampsia were not significantly different with superimposed preeclampsia compared with preeclampsia. Delivery at P P P Conclusion Women with superimposed preeclampsia have higher risks of intervention-related events compared with those with preeclampsia.
Traveling pulses in a stochastic neural field model of direction selectivity

We analyze the effects of extrinsic noise on traveling pulses in a neural field model of direction selectivity. The model consists of a one-dimensional scalar neural field with an asymmetric weight distribution consisting of an offset Mexican hat function. We first show how, in the absence of any noise, the system supports spontaneously propagating traveling pulses that can lock to externally moving stimuli. Using a separation of time scales and perturbation methods previously developed for stochastic reaction-diffusion equations, we then show how extrinsic noise in the activity variables leads to a diffusive-like displacement (wandering) of the wave from its uniformly translating position at long time scales, and fluctuations in the wave profile around its instantaneous position at short time scales. In the case of freely propagating pulses, the wandering is characterized by pure Brownian motion, whereas in the case of stimulus-locked pulses, it is given by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. This establishes that stimulus-locked pulses are more robust to noise.
Methane overtone absorption by intracavity laser spectroscopy

Abstract The line intensity and self-broadening coefficient of the 619.68 nm overtone absorption line of methane are measured at room temperature using intracavity laser spectroscopy (ILS). The methodology appropriate for quantitative analysis of absorption lineshapes with ILS is determined by data recorded for several absorption lines of the well-studied oxygen γ-band. The values for methane line intensity ( S =0.119±0.009 cm −1 atm −1 km −1 ) and self-broadening coefficient (γ c =0.090±0.007 cm −1 atm −1 ) found in this study are in agreement with previously published values obtained with other experimental techniques.
The ring magnets for the SSRL SPEAR injector

A 3-GeV injector has been built at SSRL (Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory) to replace the SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) linear accelerator as an electron source for the SPEAR (Stanford Proton-Electron Asymmetric Ring) storage ring. The authors describe the 133-M circumference injector ring AC magnet system, composed of 32 dipoles, 40 quadrupoles and 24 sextupoles, the support girders, and the power circuit. Magnet specifications, primary design and fabrication considerations, alignment tolerances, and performance data are presented. >
NIS05-2: An Efficient Proactive Share Refreshing Scheme for Secret Sharing in Distributed Systems

In this paper, we propose a proactive share refreshing scheme for secret share in a distributed system. It enjoys a strong secrecy property against both static and adaptive adversaries. It employs bit commitment technique to make the refreshing process efficient, and the key refreshing cost is less than 50% of the key generation time with key length at 163 bits while the public key is kept intact after share refreshing, which is a nice features of our scheme.
Collective Oscillations in the Visual Cortex

The firing patterns of populations of cells in the cat visual cortex can exhibit oscillatory responses in the range of 35 - 85 Hz. Furthermore, groups of neurons many mm's apart can be highly synchronized as long as the cells have similar orientation tuning. We investigate two basic network architectures that incorporate either nearest-neighbor or global feedback interactions and conclude that non-local feedback plays a fundamental role in the initial synchronization and dynamic stability of the oscillations.
Electrically conductive composites via infiltration of single-walled carbon nanotube-based aerogels

Many challenges remain in the effort to realize the exceptional properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in composite materials. Here, we report on electrically conductive composites fabricated via infiltration of CNT-based aerogels. The ultra low-density, high conductivity, and extraordinary robustness of the CNT aerogels make them ideal scaffolds around which to create conductive composites. Infiltrating the aerogels with various insulating materials (e.g. epoxy and SiO2) resulted in composites with electrical conductivities over 1 Scm−1 with as little as 1 vol% nanotube content. The electrical conductivity observed in the composites was remarkably close to that of the CNT scaffold in all cases.
Classification of U(1)-vortices with target ℂN

We study the symplectic vortex equation over the complex plane, for the target space ℂN (N ≥ 2) with diagonal U(1)-action. Using adiabatic limit argument, we classify all solutions with finite energy and identify their moduli spaces, which generalizes Taubes’ result for N = 1.
A Simple Method to Measure the Twist Elastic Constant of a Nematic Liquid Crystal

We demonstrate a simple method for measuring the twist elastic constant (K22) of a nematic liquid crystal (LC). By adding some chiral dopant to an LC host, the LC directors rotate 180° in a homogeneous cell, which is known as 180° super-twisted nematic (STN) cell. By preparing two such STN cells with different chiral concentrations and measuring their Freedericksz threshold voltages, we can obtain the K22 and helical twisting power simultaneously. In the whole process, there is no need to measure the pitch length. Our obtained K22 values agree well with those reported by using other methods.
Progress in implementing recommendations in the National Academy of Sciences reports: "protecting those who serve: strategies to protect the health of deployed U.S. Forces".

ABSTRACTSince the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the National Research Council (NRC) published their recommendations to develop a national strategy to better protect the health of U.S. Forces, the Department of Defense has made efforts to achieve the goals and recommendations of the IOM and NRC in the four main areas identified in their reports: assessment of health risks during deployments; technologies and methods for detection and tracking of exposures; physical protection and decontamination; and medical protection, health consequences and treatment, and medical record keeping. However, much more remains to be done and this underscores the need for a continued commitment to implement the long-term strategy for force health protection. This article summarizes some of the major improvements, highlights areas where more work is necessary, and identifies obstacles that must be overcome to achieve the recommendations of the IOM and the NRC.
Computation of Porous Media Natural Convection Flow and Phase Change

The computation of multi-dimensional phase change in porous media has been a long standing interest of researchers in hydrology, geophysics, and geochemistry. Chemical and mechanical engineers as well have had to concern themselves with the challenges of simulating the complexities of coupled heat and fluid flow in chemical processes and heat exchangers. More recently interest in this domain has developed strongly among civil, petroleum, and geotechnical engineers. This has been stimulated by many developments, including an increased recognition of the continual cost of winter related soil problems, increased exploration and exploitation of northern regions, use of combustion in reservoir engineering, and increased use of ground freezing techniques for mining and construction purposes.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Carbonyl Addition Reactivity of a Terminal Cerium(III) Acetylide Complex

We report the first structurally characterized terminal Ce(III) acetylide complex, Na[Ce(C≡CPh)(bdmmp)3] (2), isolated from the salt metathesis of NaC≡CPh with Na[Ce(OTf)(bdmmp)3] (1; bdmmp– = 2,6-bis(dimethylamino)-4-methylphenolate). Compound 2 inserted acetophenone to form the tertiary alkoxide complex Na[Ce(OC(Me)(Ph)C≡CPh)(bdmmp)3] (4), rather than forming an enolate product. To the best of our knowledge, complexes 2 and 4 are the first structurally characterized products that exhibit carbonyl group insertion into a Ce–C bond, affording new information on an important class of organocerium reagents.
Reaction of Anterior Hypophysis of Immature Rat to Placental Hormones.

Lehmann1 has reported that injection of placental extracts brings about pregnancy changes in the anterior hypophysis of the female rat. Collip and his associates2 have recently reported that long term injection of the anterior-pituitary-like hormone of the placenta brings about an enlargement of the anterior hypophysis, which is later followed by a decrease.We have carried out a series of experiments in which we have studied the histological changes in the anterior pituitaries of immature rats which had received injections of a relatively crude oestrin-free extract of placenta. The method of preparation of this extract has been described.3 We have used litters of immature female rats, 25 to 35 days old. Half of the animals in each litter received 2 subcutaneous injections daily for 6 to 8 days. The remaining animals in the litter served as controls.The results of the injections were constant and definite. Table I illustrates some of our findings and shows that the ovaries of the injected animals were mark...