cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patterns of treatment for early stage breast cancers at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center from 1997 to 2004

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to examine the patterns of use for adjuvant therapy and the changes in surgical practice for patients with early stage breast cancer and to describe how recent large clinical trial results impacted the patterns of care at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC). METHODS: The study included 5486 women who were diagnosed with stage I through IIIA breast cancer between 1997 and 2004 and received their treatment at MDACC. A chi-square trend test and multivariate logistic regression model were used to assess changes in treatment patterns over time. RESULTS: Among lymph node-positive patients, the use of anthracycline plus taxane chemotherapy increased from 17% in 1997 to 81% in 2004 (P < .001). Meanwhile, the use of anthracyclines without taxanes dropped from 76% to 20% (P < .001) between 1997 and 2000. For postmenopausal patients who received endocrine therapy, the use of tamoxifen was replaced increasingly by the use of aromatase inhibitors (from 100% on tamoxifen in 1997 to 14% in 2004; P < .001). The percentage of women who underwent initial sentinel lymph node biopsy increased significantly during the period from 1997 to 2004 (from 1.8% to 69.7%, respectively, among patients who underwent mastectomy; and from 18.1% to 87.1%, respectively, among patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study suggested that key findings from adjuvant therapy and surgical procedures from large clinical trials often prompt immediate changes in the patient care practices of research hospitals like MDACC. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
High performance data management and analysis for tomography

The Advanced Light Source (ALS) is a third-generation synchrotron X-ray source that operates as a user facility with more than 40 beamlines hosting over 2000 users per year from around the world. Users of the Hard X-ray Micro-Tomography Beamline (8.3.2) often collect more than 1 Terabyte of raw data per day that in turn generates additional Terabytes of processed data. The data rate continues to increase rapidly due to faster detectors and new sample automation capabilities. We will present the development and deployment of a computational pipeline, fed by data from the ALS, and powered by the storage, networking, and computing resources of the local National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) and the Energy Sciences Network (ESNET). After one year of operation, the system contained 70,000 datasets and 350 TB of data from 85 users. All datasets now collected at the Hard X-ray Tomography Beamline are automatically reconstructed using parameters set by users and/or that are automatically detected from the data acquisition control system. Results are presented to users for visualization through a secure web portal. Users can then download their data or launch a (currently limited but) growing number of operations based on the data-such as filtering, segmentation, and simulation. The massive computational resources of NERSC are thus made available on a level that is easily accessible to the full range of micro-tomography users.
Structural transition on W(100).

In this paper we study the structural phase transition on W(100) through Monte Carlo simulations of two-dimensional model Hamiltonians. Our results confirm that the transition is of an order-disorder nature. The anisotropy of line shapes found in a recent x-ray study is explained in terms of the intrinsic difference between longitudinal and transverse susceptibilities. Finally, the critical properties of the models are examined and compared with the experimental peak-intensity data.
Cytoarchitecture of the extranuclear and commissural dendrites of hypoglossal nucleus neurons as revealed by conjugates of horseradish peroxidase with cholera toxin.

Abstract The ipsilateral extranuclear dendrites of hypoglossal nucleus (HN) neurons of the rat, as revealed by conjugates of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with cholera toxin (CTHRP), were distributed to four distinct regions: (i) to the reticular formation proper (“external dendrites” of Cajal); (ii) to the solitary nucleus and tract; (iii) to the medial longitudinal fasciculus; and (iv) to the nucleus raphe obscurus. The latter two distributions are described for the first time. They were best revealed by CTHRP; and less adequately by a wheat germ agglutinin HRP conjugate (WGHRP). They could not be demonstrated by free HRP. Furthermore, CTHRP best revealed the distribution of commissural dendrites of HN neurons, the tuftlike structures at the termination of some external dendrites of Cajal, and the few dorsal protoplasmic commissural dendrites coursing dorsal to the central canal and to the contralateral solitary nucleus and the area postrema. To further clarify the distribution of the commissural dendrites of the HN, cholera toxin HRP was injected into the tongue of rats after one hypoglossal nerve had been severed. We found that the retrogradely labeled commissural dendrites crossed the midline horizontally to enter the contralateral HN and the solitary nucleus and tract as well as the reticular formation and the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The method greatly expanded our knowledge of the course and terminations of the commissural dendrites of the “protoplasmic commissure” of Van Gehuchten. We conclude that the cholera toxin HRP conjugate was a sensitive probe for the demonstration of the dendritic arborization of retrogradely labeled neurons.
Drosophila Ric-8 interacts with the Gα12/13 subunit, Concertina, during activation of the Folded gastrulation pathway

Heterotrimeric G proteins, composed of α, β, and γ subunits, are activated by exchange of GDP for GTP on the Gα subunit. Canonically, Gα is stimulated by the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity of ligand-bound G protein-coupled receptors. However, Gα subunits may also be activated in a noncanonical manner by members of the Ric-8 family, cytoplasmic proteins that also act as GEFs for Gα subunits. We used a signaling pathway active during Drosophila gastrulation as a model system to study Ric-8/Gα interactions. A component of this pathway, the Drosophila Gα12/13 subunit, Concertina (Cta), is necessary to trigger actomyosin contractility during gastrulation events. Ric-8 mutants exhibit similar gastrulation defects to Cta mutants. Here we use a novel tissue culture system to study a signaling pathway that controls cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for cellular morphogenesis. We show that Ric-8 regulates this pathway through physical interaction with Cta and preferentially interacts with inactive Cta and directs its localization within the cell. We also use this system to conduct a structure-function analysis of Ric-8 and identify key residues required for both Cta interaction and cellular contractility.
Hormone receptor-coupling factor-adenylate cyclase interaction: theoretical considerations.

The steady-state response properties of two current models for receptor/nucleotide coupling protein/adenylate cyclase systems are examined by computer modeling techniques. In the model of Levitzki (Trends Pharmac. Sci., May, 1982, pp. 203–208), a ligand may give rise to full or partial agonist behavior only. In the model of Stadel, DeLean, and Lefkowitz (1982) configurations of the rate constants can be found which lead not only to full or partial agonist behavior, but also to varying degrees of inhibition at sufficiently high concentrations of ligand, as observed experimentally in a variety of adenylate cyclase systems. In the latter model, it is also possible to find configurations of the rate constants for which addition of a ligand will lead to inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. The nature of partial agonism and reasons as to why it may be expected to occur for a wide variety of ligands are discussed.
Estimation of the Parameter n in the Binomial Distribution

Let Xi, … Xr, be independent B(n,p) random variables. In this paper n is estimated with known p. The MLE is developed and shown to be consistent in a relative sense and asymptotically normal. Motivated by Yi = Xi/q we consider Y1, … Yr independent N(μ,μ) and examine three estimates of μ; (i) the MVUE, (ii) the MLE, and (iii) . These are shown to be asymptotically equivalent.
A somatotopic organization of groups of afferents in insect peripheral nerves.

Abstract Sensory axon projections in the main leg nerves of two orthopteran insects, the cockroach Periplaneta americana and the grasshopper Melanoplus bivittatus , were studied by observing patterns of axonal degeneration after ablation of different leg segments. The pattern of degeneration seen in transverse sections of the nerves, close to their entrance to the central nervous system (thoracic ganglion) show that sensory axons occur in constant positions in the leg nerves. When distal leg segments are removed, a discrete area of degeneration is found in the leg nerve along its posterior edge. More proximal ablations produce larger areas of degeneration that progressively extend into the anterior half of the nerve. A comparison of the patterns of degeneration produced by different leg ablations shows a posterior to anterior laminar arrangement of groups of sensory axons that corresponds to a distal to proximal map of the leg. This mapping has been confirmed by localized ablations of small groups of leg sensory receptors.
Hollow fiber-encapsulated pituitary cells for the study of adenohypophyseal regulation of growth in poultry: 1. Preparation and use.

Abstract A technique for transplantation of viable, functionally active pituitary cells was adapted for use in poultry. Enzymatically dispersed adenohypophyseal cells were prepared from broiler strain donor chicks and loaded into hollow fiber capsules; ultrafiltration membranes consisting of an open-celled, spongy outer layer of polymer material with an internal lumen which is surrounded by a thin skin of tightly controlled pore size. Cell-filled capsules were surgically implanted intracranially into pituitary-intact, recipient birds for extended time periods. Immunoreactive growth hormone (I-GH)-containing cells persisted in hollow fiber capsules for up to 30 days of implantation. Final capsule I-GH reflected starting cell densities. Capsules implanted intracranially became highly vascularized, with capillary endings imbedded in the spongy, open-celled outer surface of the capsule. This provides a means for hormones secreted by cells contained within the capsule to reach the peripheral circulation. Mean plasma I-GH concentration of birds implanted at 10 weeks of age with capsules containing donor cells from 2 to 3-week-old chicks was significantly higher than sham-implanted controls by 2 weeks postimplantation. Thus, hollow fiber-encapsulated pituitary cells remain viable for extended time periods when implanted intracranially in pituitary-intact chickens. These capsules provide a means by which naturally secreted pituitary hormones may be administered in vivo and provide a viable model system for studies of adenohypophyseal hormone action.
Family volunteering: Making a difference together.

Abstract This paper discusses the implementation and evaluation of a family volunteering program. This initiative uses a broad definition of family working together to enrich the lives of others, strengthen family ties, and improve the quality of community life. Two families participated by volunteering together at a seniors’ centre. Summative evaluation of the pilot, and interviews conducted one year later, suggests that the participants experienced beneficial effects. Their experiences were described as enjoyable, meaningful, and integrative; as well, it inspired motivation to incorporate volunteering into the lives of others. This pilot confirms family volunteering successfully combines community service and leisure into a gratifying and worthwhile activity for participants of all ages, extending the customary boundaries of the concept of family recreation.
Frequency Dependence of Binaural Interaction in the Auditory Brainstem and Middle Latency Responses

Purpose The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative frequency representation of binaural function in the brainstem and cortex of adults. The secondary purpose was to com...
Design and designability of protein-based assemblies.

Design of protein-based assemblies is an exciting frontier in molecular engineering. It can be seen as an extension of the protein design problem, but with some added hurdles. In recent years, much of the focus in the field has been on patterning existing protein structural units (proteins, oligomers, or structural motifs) to design diverse assembly geometries, focusing on symmetry to encode both “infinite” lattices and finite-sized supramolecular particles. Despite impressive successes, several key challenges remain. Among these are the specificity problem the need to engineer preference for the intended assembly geometry over all alternatives, and the folding problem — understanding what thermodynamic or kinetic features of assembly subunits and inter-subunit interfaces lead to successfully folding superstructures and how to encode these in the amino-acid sequence. Here we focus on recent results in the context of these two problems, summarizing commonalities in successful approaches. We find that natural designability of assembly elements (i.e., their compatibility with diverse populations of natural amino-acid sequences) may be a unifying property of successful designs.
Comparative study of staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma in 428 patients treated with radioembolization

Abstract Purpose To compare the utility of different staging systems and analyze independent predictors of survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with yttrium-90 ( 90 Y) radioembolization. Materials and Methods During the period 2004–2011, 428 patients with HCC were treated with 90 Y radioembolization. All patients were staged prospectively by the following staging systems: Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP), United Network for Organ Sharing, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC), Okuda classification, Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP), Groupe d'Etude et de Traitement du Carcinome Hepatocellulaire, Chinese University Prognostic Index, and Japan Integrated Staging. The ability of the staging systems to predict survival was assessed. The staging systems were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression model, linear regression, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and concordance index (C-index). Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to assess independent predictors of survival. Results When tested independently, all staging systems exhibited significant ability to discriminate early (long survival) from advanced (worse survival) disease. CLIP provided the most accurate information in predicting survival outcomes (AIC = 2,993, C-index = 0.8503); CTP was least informative (AIC = 3,074, C-index = 0.6445). Independent predictors of survival included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status grade 0 (hazard ration [HR], 0.56; confidence interval [CI], 0.34–0.93), noninfiltrative tumors (HR, 0.62; CI, 0.44–0.89), absence of portal venous thrombosis (HR, 0.60; CI, 0.40–0.89), absence of ascites (HR, 0.56; CI, 0.40–0.76), albumin ≥ 2.8 g/dL (HR, 0.72; CI, 0.55–0.94), alkaline phosphatase ≤ 200 U/L (HR, 0.68; CI, 0.50–0.92), and α-fetoprotein ≤ 200 ng/mL (HR, 0.67; CI, 0.51–0.86). Conclusions CLIP was most accurate in predicting survival in patients with HCC. Given that not all patients receive the recommended BCLC treatment strategy, this information is relevant for clinical trial design and predicting long-term outcomes after 90 Y radioembolization.
Application of deuteron-deuteron (D-D) fusion neutrons to 40Ar/39Ar geochronology.

Abstract Neutron irradiation of samples for 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating in a 235 U fission reactor requires error-producing corrections for the argon isotopes created from Ca, K, and, to a lesser extent, Cl. The fission spectrum includes neutrons with energies above 2–3 MeV, which are not optimal for the 39 K(n,p) 39 Ar reaction. These higher-energy neutrons are responsible for the largest recoil displacements, which may introduce age artifacts in the case of fine-grained samples. Both interference corrections and recoil displacements would be significantly reduced by irradiation with 2.45 MeV neutrons, which are produced by the deuteron–deuteron (D–D) fusion reaction 2 H(d,n) 3 He. A new generation of D–D reactors should yield sufficiently high neutron fluxes (>10 12 n cm −2 s −1 ) to be useful for 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating. Modeling indicates that irradiation with D–D neutrons would result in scientific benefits of improved accuracy and broader applicability to fine-grained materials. In addition, radiological safety would be improved, while both maintenance and operational costs would be reduced. Thus, development of high-flux D–D fusion reactors is a worthy goal for 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology.
Strongyloides stercoralis: parasitological, immunological and pathological observations in immunosuppressed dogs

Abstract Four specific pathogen-free, two to three-month-old, laboratory-raised beagles were infected with Strongyloides stercoralis and monitored by thrice-weekly faecal examinations. Larvae were not detected in the faeces after the 11th week. During the 14th week, daily oral prednisolone (2·2 mg/kg) was given. This led to weak recrudescence of the infection. During the 21st week, the daily dose of prednisolone was doubled and thereafter two of the four dogs developed severe hyperinfective strongyloidiasis with their adult worm populations markedly exceeding the number of larvae inoculated, as did one dog which remained asymptomatic. One dog died during the 15th week, i.e., before there was time for a marked increase in the parasite population. Three of the four dogs provided evidence of disseminated infection with adult worms occurring in ectopic sites. Parasite-specific cellular and humoral immune responses were monitored weekly. All dogs developed a significant rise in specific IgM titres lasting until the fifth week. From the fourth week, all dogs had detectable parasite-specific IgG antibody levels that persisted throughout the experiment in spite of the immunosuppression. Strongyloides-induced lymphocytic responses in vitro were demonstrated in three dogs from the second to the fifth week of infection, but returned to pre-infection levels thereafter. All animals were necropsied. Relevant pathological lesions were found in the small intestine, the colon and the lungs. Larvae were seen in such ectopic sites as mesenteric nodes and prostate. The observations provide further evidence that canine S. stercoralis infections can be manipulated to reproduce with great fidelity the parasitological and clinico-pathological events occurring in human disseminated strongyloidiasis.
Phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth control in severely retarded children

Nineteen severely retarded children were studied to evaluate distribution, severity and control of phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth (PIGO). Observations included the Plaque Index, the Gingival Index and the PIGO Index. Eighteen of these patients had gingival overgrowth with 47% having the severest type of involvement and all having severe overgrowth in the posterior regions. Elimination of topical, oral contact of phenytoin did not appear to alter gingival overgrowth. Use of SnF2 as an antiplaque agent significantly decreased plaque and overgrowth scores. Use of an electric toothbrush quite significantly decreased gingival inflammation, plaque scores and gingival overgrowth.
Learning through Virtual Product Experience: The Role of Imagery on True versus False Memories

Two experiments examined the effect of interacting with a virtual object (object interactivity) on true and false memories. Although object interactivity may improve memory of associations compared to static pictures and text, it may lead to the creation of vivid internally generated recollections that pose as real memories. Consequently, compared to information conveyed via static pictures and text, object interactivity may cause people to falsely recognize more nonpresented features. The results support these hypotheses and provide converging evidence that this false-recognition effect is due to using imagery during retrieval and is robust, emerging regardless of individuals' goals (to search or browse) or learning intent.
Placental Hofbauer cells and complications of pregnancy

Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are placental macrophages that are present in the villus across gestation. Despite their identification more than 100 years ago, their specific role in placental function remains largely unelucidated. We initially review aspects of their history and biology as well as evidence for putative sites of origin. To gain insight into their potential function, we then describe complications of pregnancy including villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) and histological chorioamnionitis (HCA), in which alterations in numbers, gene expression, or other characteristics of HBCs have been documented to occur. We further review methods for isolation of HBCs and in vitro studies that explore their role in relation to other major cell types in the placenta and examine their actions in cytokine-mediated inflammation. We conclude that HBCs play a key role in placental pathophysiology, and future advances in their isolation and culture would enable mechanistic insight into their villus function.
Circuit and Platform Design Challenges in Technologies beyond 90nm

There are already a huge number of problems for silicon designers and it is likely to just get worse. Many of these problems are technical associated with shrinking geometries and increasing architecture complexities, but there are a significant number that seem to be caused by procedurally related mistakes and issues. Many of the technical problems are solved and re-solved on a piece-meal basis, focusing on local optimizations of small design-space problems. Unfortunately, many of these local solutions really create a less apparent but larger inefficiency in the whole design flow. The reason for this is that a few ever look at the whole design methodology, especially as it applies to large design teams. As a consequence, this lack of oversight for the whole methodology is causing project procedural problems and inefficiencies.
Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Men Who Sustain Intimate Partner Violence: A Study of Helpseeking and Community Samples.

Extensive work has documented an association between sustaining intimate partner violence (IPV) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among women, yet little research has documented the same association in men, even though men comprise 25–50% of all IPV victims in a given year. Previous studies also show that women who sustain intimate terrorism (IT), a form of IPV that is characterized by much violence and controlling behavior, are at even greater risk for PTSD than women who sustain common couple violence (CCV), a lower level of more minor, reciprocal IPV. However, no research has documented this trend in men who sustain IT versus CCV. The present study investigates the associations among sustaining IPV and PTSD among both a clinical and community sample of men. The clinical sample is comprised of 302 men who sustained IT from their female partners and sought help. The community sample is comprised of 520 men, 16% of whom sustained CCV. Analyses showed that in both samples, the associations between sustaining several types of IPV and PTSD were significant, and that men who sustained IT were at exponentially increased risk of exceeding the clinical cut-off on the PTSD measure than men who sustained CCV or no violence. The path models predicting PTSD symptoms differed for both samples, indicating that perhaps treatment implications differ by group as well.
Analysis of thinning algorithms using mathematical morphology

A precise definition of digital skeletons and a mathematical framework for the analysis of a class of thinning algorithms, based on morphological set transformation, are presented. A particular thinning algorithm (algorithm A) is used as an example in the analysis. Precise definitions and analyses associated with the thinning process are presented, including the proof of convergence, the condition for one-pixel-thick skeletons, and the connectedness of skeletons. In addition, a necessary and sufficient condition for the thinning process in general is derived, and an algorithm (algorithm B) based on this condition is developed. Experimental results are used to compare the two thinning algorithms, and issues involving noise immunity and skeletal bias are addressed. >
Progression of Hydroxychloroquine Toxic Effects After Drug Therapy Cessation: New Evidence From Multimodal Imaging

Importance Given the infrequent occurrence of hydroxychloroquine toxic effects, few data are available about the presenting features and long-term follow-up of patients with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy, making it difficult to surmise the clinical course of patients after cessation of drug treatment. Objective To report functional and structural findings of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxic effects after drug therapy discontinuation. Design A retrospective medical record review was performed to identify patients taking hydroxychloroquine who were screened for toxic effects from January 1, 2009, through August 31, 2012, in the eye centers of Northwestern University and the University of Southern California. Setting Northwestern University Sorrel Rosin Eye Center, Chicago, Illinois, and the Doheny Eye Institute at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Participants Seven consecutive patients diagnosed as having hydroxychloroquine retinal toxic effects. Main outcome and measure Retinal toxic effects. Results Seven patients (1 man and 6 women) with a mean age of 55.9 years (age range, 25-74 years) developed retinal toxic effects after using hydroxychloroquine for a mean of 10.4 years (range, 3-19 years). Fundus examination revealed macular pigmentary changes in all 7 patients, corresponding to abnormal fundus autofluorescence (FAF). On spectral domain optical coherence tomography, there was outer retinal foveal resistance (preservation of the external limiting membrane and the photoreceptor layer) in 6 patients. After drug therapy discontinuation, 5 patients experienced outer retinal regeneration (3 subfoveally and 2 parafoveally), with associated functional visual improvement on static perimetry in 2 patients. Over time, FAF remained stable in 3 patients, whereas the remaining patients had a pattern of hypoautofluorescence that replaced areas of initial hyperautofluorescence (2 patients) and enlargement of the total area of abnormal FAF (2 patients). Conclusions and relevance Preservation of the external limiting membrane carries a positive prognostic value in hydroxychloroquine toxic effects because it may be associated with regeneration of the photoreceptor layer and with potential functional visual improvement on static perimetry. The patterns of abnormal FAF persist despite cessation of the medication, with enlargement of the total area of abnormal FAF being the hallmark of severe toxic effects. Relative foveal resistance in hydroxychloroquine toxic effects was supported by this case series. These findings emphasize the importance of early detection and the need for correlating clinical observations with multimodal imaging, particularly FAF and spectral domain optical coherence tomography.
Use of BCB in high frequency MCM interconnects

Multichip modules (MCMs) are increasingly used for high frequency, microwave, and millimeter wave applications. This has prompted the need for low loss dielectrics to meet the performance requirements of multilayer interconnects used in MCMs. In the GE high density interconnect (HDI) process, adhesives are used to bond dielectric film layers over bare chips and components. After vias are formed in the dielectric and adhesive, patterned metal is fabricated, and additional layers of dielectric are bonded and additional patterned metal is fabricated to complete the interconnect structure. In this study, we evaluated the electrical performance of selected adhesives used to bond one dielectric film layer to another. The use of a low loss thermoset polymer such as benzocyclobutene (BCB) as the adhesive resulted in lower dielectric losses compared to an epoxy-based adhesive evaluated over the 10-20 GHz regime tested. Based on the experimental data derived in this study, the electrical performance improvement should be even more significant at higher frequencies.
Surveillance for West Nile Virus in Clinic-admitted Raptors, Colorado

In 2005, 13.5% of clinic-admitted raptors in northern Colorado tested positive for West Nile virus (WNV). Clinic-admitted–raptor surveillance detected WNV activity nearly 14 weeks earlier than other surveillance systems. WNV surveillance using live raptor admissions to rehabilitation clinics may offer a novel surveillance method and should be considered along with other techniques already in use.
Minimally invasive temporalis tendon transposition.

Objective To describe a minimally invasive approach of the temporalis tendon transposition technique for dynamic reanimation in patients with long-standing facial paralysis. Methods We report a case series of 17 consecutive patients with facial paralysis who underwent minimally invasive temporalis tendon transposition surgery for dynamic facial reanimation between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2008. The minimally invasive technique is described. Preoperative and postoperative records, photographs, and videos were reviewed for feasibility of the technique, symmetry, oral competence, and dynamic oral commissure movement. Results All the patients tolerated the procedure well, and none developed procedure-related complications. All the patients achieved improved symmetry at rest and voluntary motion of the oral commissure. In all the patients, the temporalis tendon was transposed to the modiolus without the need for fascial extension or lengthening myoplasty. Conclusions The temporalis tendon can be transposed for immediate dynamic reanimation of the paralyzed lower face using a minimally invasive approach. This procedure involves a single small incision and minimal dissection, with no major osteotomies. Acquisition of desired facial movement requires intensive physiotherapy and a motivated patient.
Individual differences in the hemispheric specialization of dual route variables.

The dual route model suggests that reading of letter strings can occur through both a lexical and a nonlexical route. Hemispheric specialization of these routes has also been posited, suggesting that the left hemisphere has both lexical and nonlexical routes while the right hemisphere has only a lexical route. However, some recent data conflict with this hemispheric dual route model, suggesting that both hemispheres may have access to both routes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate individual differences in the hemispheric specialization of these routes and to determine whether these group differences in their specialization might explain conflicts in the literature. The effect of four individual difference factors was explored: handedness, biological sex, menstrual stage (i.e., fluctuations in estrogen), and self-rated degree of masculinity (i.e., sexual attribution). We looked at the interaction of these individual differences with the following dual route variables: (i) string length, (ii) word frequency, (iii) regularity of grapheme‐phoneme correspondences of words, and (iv) the interaction of frequency and regularity using a bilateral lexical decision task. We observed that sex, menstrual stage, and masculinity each affected hemispheric specialization of the dual route variables, but did so in different ways. We posit that both hemispheres have orthographical (lexical) access as well as phonological (nonlexical) access to words. Further, we suggest that the presence of phonological processing in the right hemisphere depends on available resources and the strategies used, which are subject to individual differences. ≈ 1999 Academic Press
Infants' behavior with their mothers and grandmothers☆

Abstract Grandparents are a relatively neglected part of children's social network. In order to look at attachment behavior of young children toward their grandmothers, the present study examined infants' behavior in a play-separation situation with their mothers and maternal grandmothers. In a series of 13 3-min segments, mothers, grandmothers, and strangers were signaled in turn to leave the room and to return. The infants' (N=30) playroom behavior was examined by measuring duration of play, cry, proximity to each adult, hold by each adult, and proximity to the door. In this situation, mothers and grandmothers were treated almost interchangeably, while strangers were treated as strangers. These findings did not vary by amount of contact (from daily to twice a month), age of infant (12 to 24 months), or “birth order” of the grandchild. The findings may be specific to middle-class, stable families in which the grandmother lives nearby and has frequent contact with the grandchild. From these data, grandmother is seen as one who can serve some of the same functions as an attachment figure and who is able to play an important role in the young child's social development.
Wavefront reconstruction using smartphone based wavefront sensors

Smartphone camera system has the capability of being integrated into powerful field-sensing tools, capturing data and sharing these data with computing servers or cloud experts. The purpose of this work is to implement a wavefront sensor based on the smartphone platform, which has many potential applications in thin-films and bio-related sensing areas. To overcome problems caused by traditional wavefront curvature sensing setups, distorted micro-gratings are designed and introduced into the system in the dual role of both beam splitter and defocuser. The new design is capable of capturing two images of different levels of defocus in a single shot, which are then used as the input data to reconstruct the wavefront. Through testing with generated known spherical wavefronts, the smartphone based wavefront sensor has demonstrated decent system resolution and wavefront sensing accuracy.
Isolation and Characterization of Cells by Dielectrophoretic Field-Flow Fractionation

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a spatially inhomogeneous force field phenomenon that arises when dielectrically-polarizable particles are subjected to a spatially inhomogeneous, alternating electric field. DEP may be applied by a microelectrode array and, with appropriate choices of suspending medium and electric field voltage and frequency conditions, can be used to impose differential forces according to the properties of different microparticle types in a mixture. Because the intensity and direction of the DEP force may be controlled electronically, it is versatile in FFF applications. The physical principles of DEP-FFF fractionation involving the balance of DEP, sedimentation and hydrodynamic lift forces, are described with special emphasis on applications to living cells. It is shown how batch-mode DEP-FFF elution profiles obtained under appropriate operating conditions may be used to profile the density, mechanical flexibility and membrane capacitance properties of cells. Finally, the principles of high throughput isolation of target particle types by continuous-flow DEP-FFF are treated. This method is applicable to clinical applications including the antigen-independent isolation of rare circulating tumor cells from blood.
The Dynamics of Candidate Behavior in Britain

Over the past twenty years, British politics has witnessed dramatic policy convergence between the two dominant political parties, Labour and the Conservatives. An emerging literature documents a parallel convergence in the policy beliefs and the partisan loyalties of the British mass public. I investigate convergence at the candidate-level and attempt to determine the extent to which changes over time in the type and extremity of the candidates reflect the patterns of convergence found at other levels of analysis. Using data from the British Representation Study 1992-2005, I find evidence systematic variation in candidate behavior within parties and over time. My findings contribute to a growing body of literature pointing to often ignored variation at the candidate-level in Britain, which exists despite the constraint of party discipline.
Component skills affecting elementary students’ informational text comprehension

This study was conducted to examine the factors that influence informational text comprehension and to determine how these vary for students with higher and lower component skills. The sample included 177 students in grades 3–5. Regression analyses were used to predict informational text comprehension with decoding efficiency, vocabulary knowledge, prior knowledge, and intrinsic motivation. This model, that also included age and grade as control variables, explained 62.5 % of the variance in informational text comprehension. Each component skill explained unique variance, and vocabulary knowledge accounted for the largest portion. Next, we examined whether the factors contributed differently to informational text comprehension for students with higher and lower component skills. Overall, the regressions were better predictors for students with higher than those with lower component skills. For students with lower component skills, motivation and vocabulary were consistent predictors, whereas vocabulary and decoding efficiency were consistent predictors for students with higher component skills. The findings indicate multiple factors are important for informational text comprehension, particularly vocabulary, and research should examine this topic for different types of readers.
First record of Fiorinia phoenicis Balachowsky, 1967, in Europe (Hemiptera, Diaspididae)

Premier signalement de Fiorinia phoenicis Balachowsky, 1967, en Europe (Hemiptera, Diaspididae). La presence de la cochenille diaspine Fiorinia phoenicis Balachowsky, 1967, est signalee pour la premiere fois en Europe (Valence, Espagne). Ses caracteres morphologiques sont brievement compares a l'espece voisine F. fioriniae (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1867).
Testicular histology following chronic gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment

The histologic appearance of the testes of men exposed to chronic gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-A) therapy has not been previously documented. Herein, we report on the histologic features of the testes of four patients with disseminated prostatic carcinoma who received at least 1 year of daily treatment with (D-Leu 6 , des-Gly-(Equation presented), proethylamide 9 )-GnRH (leuprolide, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) for their disease, and subsequently underwent bilateral orchiectomy. In marked contrast to the testes from five control patients, the testes of these agonist-treated patients demonstrated absence of spermatogenesis, Leydig cell hypoplasia, and Leydig cell inactivity. These data provide direct histologic evidence that the chronic administration of GnRH agonists may be suitable as a potential male contraceptive.
Use of lithium for treatment of estrogen-induced bone marrow hypoplasia in a dog

Marrow hypoplasia and consequent pancytopenia caused by simultaneous administration of estradiol cyclopentylpropionate and diethylstilbestrol were diagnosed in a 6-year-old Old English Sheep-dog. The dog was treated with lithium carbonate (11 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 12 h) for 6 weeks. Despite the generally grave prognosis associated with estrogen toxicosis, lithium treatment was apparently successful in inducing regeneration of the bone marrow. Side effects of lithium treatment were not noticed.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Glenoid Version and Dislocation Direction on the Influence of Anterior Shoulder Instability and Development of Hill-Sachs Lesions:

Background:Abnormal glenoid version is a risk factor for shoulder instability. However, the degree to which the variance in version (both anteversion and retroversion) affects one’s predisposition for instability is not well understood.Purpose:To determine the influence of glenoid version on anterior shoulder joint stability and to determine if the direction of the humeral head dislocation is a stimulus for the development of Hill-Sachs lesions.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Ten human cadaveric shoulders (mean age, 59.4 ± 4.3 years) were tested using a custom shoulder dislocation device placed in a position of apprehension (90° of abduction with 90° of external rotation). Glenoid version was adjusted in 5° increments for a total of 6 version angles tested: +10°, +5°, 0°, −5°, −10°, and −15° (anteversion angles are positive, and retroversion angles are negative). Two humeral dislocation directions were tested. The first direction was true anterior through the anterior-posterior glenoid ax...
Movement Disorder Emergencies

Movement disorders can be the source of significant occupational, social, and functional disability. In most circumstances the progression of these disabilities is gradual, but there are circumstances when onset is acute or progression of a known movement disorders is unexpectedly rapid. These sudden appearances or worsening of abnormal involuntary movements can be so severe as to be frightening to the patient and his family, and disabling, or even fatal, if left untreated. This chapter reviews movement disorder syndromes that rise to this level of concern and that require an accurate diagnosis that will allow appropriate therapy that is sufficient to allay anxiety and prevent unnecessary morbidity.
Exploring Faculty Knowledge and Perceptions of Copyright at U.S. Dental Schools: A Pilot Study

The aims of this pilot study were to investigate current copyright training and support provided to faculty at North American dental schools and to examine faculty members' knowledge and attitudes related to specific copyright issues. In 2015, a survey with questions about faculty members' comfort about their own and their colleagues' knowledge and application of various copyright issues was designed and distributed. True/false questions were asked to determine the extent of knowledge about copyright. Participants were given eight scenarios depicting examples of behavior related to copyright issues and asked to indicate whether the behavior in the scenario was ethical or unethical and compliant with or infringing upon copyright. A total of 104 participants completed the survey, all at U.S. dental schools; the numbers in the non-faculty groups were small, so the analysis was limited to the 61 faculty respondents (approximately 0.5% of U.S. dental faculty members in 2015). The results showed that these dental faculty members were less confident in their colleagues' knowledge and application of copyright and fair use than they were in their own knowledge and application. Both knowledge and attitude were found to be important factors in the respondents' decision making related to copyright and fair use, although it appeared that in some contexts faculty members relied on either knowledge or attitude more strongly than the other. A large percentage (88%, n=53) said they would be open to receiving additional training in copyright from their institution. Faculty development on this topic should address attitudes about the ethics regarding application of copyright law in addition to providing factual information and should emphasize what is permissible under current copyright law rather than simply discussing actions that constitute violations.
Abstract 3167: CCL2 recruits inflammatory monocytes to facilitate perineural invasion

Perineural invasion (PNI) by cancer cells is associated with significant patient morbidity and poor prognosis. Despite recognition of the clinical significance of PNI, the mechanisms underlying it remain poorly understood and no targeted therapies exist to date. Modern theories of PNI pathogenesis have placed significant focus on the active role of the nerve microenvironment with PNI resulting from well-orchestrated interactions between cancer and host. Inflammatory monocytes (IMs) play a critical role in mediating peripheral nerve repair and facilitating cancer metastases by differentiating into tumor-associated macrophages. Here we explore their role in PNI. CCR2 expressed by IMs is a receptor for ligands CCL2 and CCL7, and mediates IM recruitment in infections and other cancer models. A murine model of nerve invasion in which pancreatic cancer (Panc02) is injected into the distal sciatic nerve, was utilized in mice genetically deficient in CCL2, CCL7, or CCR2. Validated functional and histopatholgic endpoints were used to quantify PNI. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed on specimens to assess IM and macrophage recruitment. Adoptive transfer experiments with labeled IMs were performed to elucidate the signaling pathways involved in homing to the nerve. Genetically modified green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged reporter mice were utilized to identify cellular sources of the relevant chemokines. IHC was performed on human tumors with PNI to assess for macrophage recruitment. The recruitment of IMs is dependent on CCL2 synthesized within the nerve. IMs recruited to the nerve differentiate into macrophages within 24-72 hours upon arrival. Mice deficient in CCL2 or CCR2 have impaired IM recruitment and reduced macrophage differentiation in the nerve at the site of PNI, and significantly impaired invasion. Furthermore, PNI was restored in CCR2 KO mice after multiple adoptive transfers of wild type IMs with intact CCR2. By contrast, CCL7 KO mice have only a modest, non-significant decrease in PNI. In the presence of cancer, CCL2 but not CCL7, is expressed locally in the nerve, likely by Schwann cells responding to the cancer invasion. IMs recruited to the nerve serve as an alternate source of CCL2. Human tumors with PNI demonstrate CD68+ macrophages at the site of nerve invasion. These results implicate the immune response as a key mediator of PNI and thereby further our mechanistic understanding of this ominous cancer behavior. Our data identify potential novel therapeutic targets for treating PNI. Citation Format: Richard Bakst, Huizhong Xiong, Chun-Hao Chen, Sylvie Deborde, Yi Zhou, William McNamara, Sei Young Lee, Eric Pamer, Richard J. Wong. CCL2 recruits inflammatory monocytes to facilitate perineural invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3167. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3167
A tensor based framework for community detection in dynamic networks

Many systems from human brain to the networks on social media, can be modeled as graphs. The network structure helps us understand, predict and optimize the behavior of dynamical systems. One of the important tools in understanding network topology is community detection. Even though community detection methods are well developed for static networks, the extensions to the dynamic case are more limited. In this paper, we introduce two tensor based frameworks, windowed and running time, for identifying and tracking the network community structure across time. The frameworks take the history of the networks into account. The proposed approach relies on determining the subspace across time using the Tucker decomposition of a tensor constructed from networks across time. We also propose a computationally efficient way to update the subspace estimates across time to track changes in community structure. The proposed approach is evaluated on both simulated and real dynamic networks.