cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approaches to Performing Metabolite Elucidation: One Key to Success in Drug Discovery and Development

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology (ADMET) studies are widely used in drug discovery and development. Drug discovery efforts have been aimed at identifying and addressing drug metabolism issues at the earliest possible stage. Metabolite identification is crucial to the drug discovery and development process. The article discusses approaches to performing metabolite elucidation at various drug development stages. Keywords: drug metabolism; absorption; drug development; metabolite identification
Computerized proof techniques for undergraduates

The use of computer algebra systems such as Maple and Mathematica is becoming increasingly important and widespread in mathematics learning, teaching and research. In this article, we present computerized proof techniques of Gosper, Wilf–Zeilberger and Zeilberger that can be used for enhancing the teaching and learning of topics in discrete mathematics. We demonstrate by examples how one can use these computerized proof techniques to raise students' interests in the discovery and proof of mathematical identities and enhance their problem-solving skills.
ERBB3/HER2 signaling promotes resistance to EGFR blockade in head and neck and colorectal cancer models

EGFR blocking antibodies are approved for the treatment of colorectal cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Although ERBB3 signaling has been proposed to limit the effectiveness of EGFR inhibitors, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we generated potent blocking antibodies against ERBB3 (REGN1400) and EGFR (REGN955). We show that EGFR and ERBB3 are coactivated in multiple HNSCC cell lines and that combined blockade of EGFR and ERBB3 inhibits growth of these cell lines more effectively than blockade of either receptor alone. Blockade of EGFR with REGN955 strongly inhibited activation of ERK in HNSCC cell lines, whereas blockade of ERBB3 with REGN1400 strongly inhibited activation of Akt; only the combination of the 2 antibodies blocked both of these essential downstream pathways. We used a HER2 blocking antibody to show that ERBB3 phosphorylation in HNSCC and colorectal cancer cells is strictly dependent on association with HER2, but not EGFR, and that neuregulin 1 activates ERBB3/HER2 signaling to reverse the effect of EGFR blockade on colorectal cancer cell growth. Finally, although REGN1400 and REGN955 as single agents slowed the growth of HNSCC and colorectal cancer xenografts, the combination of REGN1400 plus REGN955 caused significant tumor regression. Our results indicate that activation of the Akt survival pathway by ERBB3/HER2 limits the effectiveness of EGFR inhibition, suggesting that REGN1400, which is currently in a phase I clinical trial, could provide benefit when combined with EGFR blocking antibodies.
R3: resilient routing reconfiguration

Network resiliency is crucial to IP network operations. Existing techniques to recover from one or a series of failures do not offer performance predictability and may cause serious congestion. In this paper, we propose Resilient Routing Reconfiguration (R3), a novel routing protection scheme that is (i) provably congestion-free under a large number of failure scenarios; (ii) efficient by having low router processing overhead and memory requirements; (iii) flexible in accommodating different performance requirements (e.g., handling realistic failure scenarios, prioritized traffic, and the trade-off between performance and resilience); and (iv) robust to both topology failures and traffic variations. We implement R3 on Linux using a simple extension of MPLS, called MPLS-ff. We then conduct extensive Emulab experiments and simulations using realistic network topologies and traffic demands. Our results show that R3 achieves near-optimal performance and is at least 50% better than the existing schemes under a wide range of failure scenarios.
Characterization and evaluation of the underfill encapsulants for flip chip assembly

Studies of solder-bumped flip chip on organic substrates reported in the literature so far suggested the necessity of a polymeric underfill to compensate for the large thermal mismatch between the silicon and the substrate. In our target applications of this process, the underfill not only has to meet the much published mechanical and chemical requirements, it also has to flow through a vertical clearance of 0.020 to 0.0375 mm quickly and also be cured in a relatively short time. Our evaluation of the underfill materials starts with some basic understanding of how the different ingredients in the underfill formulation might affect its physical and chemical properties. The flow characteristics of the underfills have been on first priority in the selection. Then a detailed thermal-mechanical analysis helped us to determine the optimal cure schedule with the desired physical properties. A simple test die/test board system has been designed to evaluate how the underfill might work in a quasi-production process and to allow for our subsequent reliability evaluation. This paper highlights the "pluses and minuses" of the currently available commercial underfills in relation to the optimization of a high-volume production process. >
Effect of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on Pulmonary Influenza Virus Titer and Natural Killer (NK) Activity in Rats

Abstract Effect of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on Pulmonary Influenza Virus Titer and Natural Killer (NK) Activity in Rats. Yang, Y. G., Lebrec, H., and Burleson, G. R. (1994). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 23, 125-131. Suppression of immune function and enhanced susceptibility to infection in mice is one of the more sensitive indicators of TCDD toxicity. Recent efforts to demonstrate similar effects in the rat have shown that there are considerable differences between the two species. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of TCDD exposure on (a) an influenza virus host resistance model in rats and (b) natural killer cell activity in the lung and spleen. Fischer 344 rats were treated with 10 μg TCDD/kg body weight via gavage and infected intranasally with rat-adapted influenza virus (RAIV) 7 days later. Virus-augmented NK activity assessed at 48 hr postinfection in the lung was significantly suppressed in rats treated with 3, 10, or 30 μg TCDD/kg body weight. Spontaneous NK activity in either lung or spleen was not affected by TCDD exposure. Significantly higher virus titers were observed on Days 2, 3, and 4 postinfection in the lungs of rats treated with TCDD (10 μg/kg). TCDD had no effect on the amount of virus recovered from nasal lavage. Acute exposure to TCDD did not significantly affect lung and body weights in rats infected with RAIV except in the highest dose (30 μg/kg) treated rats. Rats exposed to repeated doses of TCDD showed a significant increase of lung weights and L/B ratios when rats were infected with RAIV after TCDD exposure. Virus-augmented pulmonary NK activity in these rats was significantly suppressed; however, the suppression was not more profound than that in rats exposed to a single dose of TCDD. However, an increase of lung weights and lung/body weight ratios was observed in RAIV infected rats which were exposed to repeated doses of TCDD (cumulative dose of 10 μ/kg). Virus-augmented NK activity was significantly suppressed in rats exposed to repeated doses of TCDD. Our results showed that TCDD suppressed virus-augmented pulmonary NK activity and this effect may at least in part be related to enhanced susceptibility of rats to influenza virus.
Anti-Semitism in America: The Dynamics of Prejudice

The authors explore the relation among social demographic characteristics, occupational prestige, and anti-Semitism in America. The National Opinion Research Center's General Social Survey (1986) data are used to assess Americans' attitudes toward Jews. The results suggest that respondents' age, gender, and educational level are important predictors of anti-Jewish sentiment. The influence of age, however, contravenes previous research in that young Americans report themselves to be anti-Semitic. Reanalysis of these same data, focusing on Americans' attitudes toward Israel, suggests that age is an important factor for explaining anti-Zionism. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Social Security: Restoring Solvency

The Social Security system, established in 1933, was intended to alleviate some of the hardships Americans faced in the great Depression. The plan worked very well in the middle part of the 20th century; however that is not longer the case. The authors investigate the differences between then and now to ascertain the viability of today’s Social Security system and its continued effectiveness. The authors will show how a combined set of changes to the administration of the system can actually lead to greater financial relief afforded to middle class wage earners while adding needed funds to the overall budget of the Social Security system. A new program, the Secured Transparent Retirement Account Program (STRAP), is also proposed. This program, which creates individual retirement accounts managed by the Federal government, allow every American 1) to better understand the growth of their retirement funds and 2) to have direct control in planning for their retirement years.
Abstract 20061: Towards Predicting the Rate and Rhythm of Rearrest After Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest

Background/Aims: Rearrest (RA) after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has been shown to be an independent predictor of death before hospital discharge. The aim of this study was to understand how heart rate and rhythm transitions relate to the timing and presentation of rearrest. Methods: Case data for emergency medical services (EMS)-treated OHCA were obtained from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) for the period 2006-2008. Cases with analyzable electrocardiogram (ECG) signals were included in the study. RA events were ascertained by an inferential scheme involving the presence of a life-threatening ECG rhythm and/or presence of chest compressions. ROSC-RA ECG intervals were extracted from defibrillator source files and imported into custom software for calculation of several heart rate characteristics for 30s, 1min, 3min, and 5min epochs beginning at the onset of ROSC, including: mean heart rate, standard deviation for heart rate (SD-HR), root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), and approximate entropy of heart rate (ApEn). Frequency-based heart rate variability measures including normalized high frequency power (HFN), normalized low frequency power (LFN), and ratio of low and high frequency power (LFHF) were calculated. Multivariable generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to assess the relationship between heart rate characteristics and time-to-RA while controlling for RA event number, presenting OHCA ECG rhythm, and RA ECG rhythm. Rhythm transitions were assessed and compared with Fisher’s exact test. Results: In univariate analyses RMSSD in the 30s and 1-minute epoch epochs, SD-HR in the 5-minute epoch, ApEn in the 5-minute epoch, presenting ECG rhythm ventricular fibrillation / ventricular tachycardia (VF/VT), and RA event number were predictive of time-to-RA. In a multivariable model, only SD-HR in the 5-minute epoch was related to time-to-RA (coeff. = -764.16; 95%CI: -1405.92 , -122.40; p = 0.020). The most common first rhythm transition was from VF/VT to VF/VT. Conclusions: At least one heart rate-derived measure, SD-HR, was related to time-to-RA event, independent of RA ECG rhythm, presenting OHCA ECG rhythm or RA event number.
Hempa and metepa as chemosterilants of imagos of the European corn borer.

When 0- to 24-hr-old adult Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) were dipped for 2 seconds in a 1% aqueous solution of metepa, the males were completely sterilized, showed little additional mortality compared with the controls, and had only a 34% reduction in the incidence of mating; only 4% of the eggs of the females were viable. Sterilizing doses for similar adult male borers treated topically with metepa (0.05 μliter) or hempa (0.20 μliter) caused excessive mortality and greatly reduced the incidence of mating, but the viability of eggs of female borers treated with 0.2 μliter hempa was not affected.
Abstract PL03-07: Obesity and mTOR signaling

The recent epidemic in obesity is the chief cause of the dramatic increase in a number of associated pathologies including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease and, most recently, cancer. Moreover, it is the chief cause behind the explosion in healthcare costs and the disquieting observation that for the first time in decades, human lifespan is decreasing for North Americans. The role of diet in cancer is particularly pertinent in the United States, where more than 60% of adults have been diagnosed as either clinically overweight or obese. The generally accepted explanation for the striking increase in obesity is that, during evolution, the scarcity of food led to the development of dominant genetic traits that favor the securing and storage of calories, which are now accentuated by the increased availability, tastefulness, abundance, and relatively low cost of food. The link between obesity and cancer is not specific for any one cancer, but is applicable to a number of cancer types including breast, colon, and prostate. The specific role of diet in mediating these effects has been difficult to resolve through epidemiological studies because such data rely on estimations of food intake, food sources, and the appropriate time periods to include in the study. In addition, endpoints in epidemiological studies are limited to factors such as tumor incidence and mortality, and little can be learned about the underlying biochemical and cellular mechanisms. Such studies are best dissected at the cellular level, then integrated with mouse models to determine the impact of specific phenomenon on human cancer. Validation for such an approach has come from studies on caloric restriction, which has been noted for some time to blunt cancer progression. Initially it was thought that the effects of caloric restriction on tumor progression were a secondary response to decreased cell growth; however, it is now recognized that this process actually impinges on key intracellular signaling pathways, particularly that of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1). In turn this pathway is opposed by a large tumor suppressor genes including phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1/2), neurofibromin (NF1), LKB1, initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4E-BP1) and programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4). In our laboratory we have been particularly interested in the role of two key downstream effectors of mTORC1 in obesity and cancer: 4E-BP1 and 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1). In this talk we will particularly focus on the role of these signaling components in mediating the effects of nutrient overload in obesity and cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):PL03-07.
Exponentiated power Lindley–Poisson distribution: Properties and applications

ABSTRACTA new four-parameter distribution called the exponentiated power Lindley–Poisson distribution which is an extension of the power Lindley and Lindley–Poisson distributions is introduced. Statistical properties of the distribution including the shapes of the density and hazard functions, moments, entropy measures, and distribution of order statistics are given. Maximum likelihood estimation technique is used to estimate the parameters. A simulation study is conducted to examine the bias, mean square error of the maximum likelihood estimators, and width of the confidence interval for each parameter. Finally, applications to real data sets are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed distribution.
"Think nerve" in upper extremity reconstruction.

Upper extremity reconstruction may be greatly facilitated by “thinking nerve” in the initial evaluation. Frequently, the obvious soft tissue deformity or bone or joint pathology distracts the reconstructive surgeon from an underlying nerve problem. When pain is a portion of the presenting complaints, thinking nerve becomes more obvious. This article attempts to direct the reconstructive surgeon approaching the upper extremity to look for underlying nerve injury in the region of a damaged wrist capsule, neuromas of the cutaneous nerve, and sites of nerve entrapment.
Abstract IA07: Metabolic heterogeneity in cancer cells and tumors

Most diseases are accompanied by altered metabolism at the cellular level. In cancer, metabolic reprogramming that is, the regulated alteration of metabolism as a consequence of tumorigenic mutations and other factors is viewed as an essential component of malignant transformation. It is unknown to what extent cell-autonomous vs. non-cell autonomous factors influence metabolic pathway choice. We performed metabolic profiling in a large panel of molecularly annotated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines grown in standard monolayer culture in order to define the scope of cell-autonomous metabolic variability in this disease and to understand the mechanisms by which metabolic phenotypes are established. We then identified a new pathway that allows cells to tolerate a cell-extrinsic stress: the loss of anchorage dependence. Regardless of the intrinsic metabolic preferences in monolayer culture, NSCLC cells activated an unconventional pathway allowing reducing equivalents to shuttle from the cytosol to the mitochondria to counteract oxidative stress during anchorage loss. Finally, we performed clinical studies involving a combination of pre-surgical imaging and intra-operative 13C infusions to assess metabolic heterogeneity between individual NSCLC tumors in human patients, and to characterize the extent of metabolic heterogeneity within individual tumors. These studies revealed enhanced glycolysis and glucose oxidation in tumors compared to adjacent lung, regardless of driver mutation. Surprisingly, we also found that regional metabolic heterogeneity could be mapped prior to surgery by examining tissue perfusion using contrast MRI, and that glucose’s contribution to central carbon metabolism is inversely proportional to tumor perfusion. Together, these efforts identify a complex but finite set of metabolic phenotypes that support cell growth and may predict therapeutic vulnerabilities. They also underscore the potential for both existing and novel imaging approaches to inform about metabolic phenotypes in vivo, including phenotypes specified by both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors. Citation Format: Ralph J. DeBerardinis. Metabolic heterogeneity in cancer cells and tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA07.
Focus Group Discussions

Contents Acknowledgements Chapter 1 Introducing Focus Group Discussions Chapter 2 Designing and Conducting Focus Group Research Chapter 3 Writing Focus Group Methods Chapter 4 Writing Focus Group Results Chapter 5 Assessing Focus Group Research Chapter 6 Further Reading and Resources References Index
Outbreak of group A Streptococcus infections in an outpatient wound clinic-Colorado, 2014.

Background In September 2014, wound clinic A reported a cluster of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections to public health authorities. Although clinic providers were individually licensed, the clinic, affiliated with hospital A, was not licensed or subject to regulation. We investigated to identify cases, determine risk factors, and implement control measures. Methods A case was defined as GAS isolation from a wound or blood specimen during March 28-November 19, 2014, from a patient treated at wound clinic A or by a wound clinic A provider within the previous 7 days. All wound clinic A staff were screened for GAS carriage. Wound care procedures were assessed for adherence to infection control principles and possible GAS transmission routes. Results We identified 16 patients with 19 unique infections: 9 (56%) patients required hospitalization, and 7 (44%) required surgical debridement procedures. One patient died. Six (37%) patients received negative pressure wound therapy at GAS onset. Staff self-screening found no GAS carriers. Breaches in infection control and poor wound care practices were widespread. Conclusions This GAS outbreak was associated with a wound care clinic not subject to state or federal regulation. Lapses in infection control practices and inadequate oversight contributed to the outbreak.
Triplet Energy Transfer from PbS(Se) Nanocrystals to Rubrene: the Relationship between the Upconversion Quantum Yield and Size

Photon upconversion has attracted enormous attention due to its wide range of applications in biological imaging, photocatalysis, and especially photovoltaics. Here, the effect of quantum confinement on the efficiency of Dexter energy transfer from PbS and PbSe nanocrystals (NCs) to a rubrene acceptor is studied. A series of experiments exploring the relationship between NC size and the upconversion quantum yield (QY) in this hybrid platform show that energy transfer occurs in the Marcus normal regime. By decreasing the NC diameter from 3.5 to 2.9 nm for PbS and from 3.2 to 2.5 nm for PbSe, the relative upconversion QY is enhanced about 700 and 250-fold respectively. In addition, the dynamic Stern–Volmer constant (KSV) for the quenching of PbSe NCs by rubrene increases approximately fivefold with a decrease in NC diameter from 3.2 to 2.5 nm to a value of 200 m−1. This work shows that high quality, well-passivated, small NCs are critical for efficient triplet energy transfer to molecular acceptors.
The Phosphatic Mode of Calcification in Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Integument and Skeleton of Vertebrates

The earliest known fossil vertebrates, the ostracoderms, had already evolved the principal vertebrate hard tissues of calcified cartilage, bone, dentine and enamel (enameloid). These tissues develop with the calcium phosphate mineral hydroxyapatite as the inorganic constituent of their matrices. As suggested by Gans & Northcutt (1983), adoption of this phosphatic mode of mineralization may have resulted from evolution of a new type of head featuring the emergence of neural crest tissue and epidermal placodes as the vertebrate progenitors diverged from protochordate ancestors. Mineral crystallites in the hard tissues undergo nucleation and growth in close association with protein fibrils or tubular sheaths polymerized either from collagen as in the dermal or endoskeletal matrix of scleroblasts in calcified cartilage, bone, dentine and tooth cementum, or from the amelogenins and enamelins of the enameline matrix secreted by ameloblastic epithelial cells.
Uh-Oh, Tiger Is in Trouble: Empirical Analysis of Consumers’ Moral Reasoning Strategies and Their Implications for Endorsed Brands

Celebrity athlete endorsers are often engaged in immoral transgressions that cannot be controlled by marketers. While previous research on celebrity endorsement has emphasized how utilizing athletes could enhance persuasiveness of marketing communications, empirical research on consumer responses to athletes’ transgression and their associated brands remains sparse in the literature. In the present study, we focus on moral reasoning strategy (e.g., moral decoupling referring to exclusion of immorality in evaluation process: Bhattacharjee et al. 2012; moral rationalization referring to justification of immorality in evaluation process: Bandura et al. 1996) as a main processing mechanism. In two experimental studies, we identified the existence of a distinct moral reasoning process (i.e., moral coupling) which allows consumers to integrate judgments of morality and performance of a transgressed athlete. Study 1 examined the effect of moral reasoning priming on consumers’ judgments of a transgressed athlete’s morality and performance. Study 2 utilized path analyses to examine causal relations between different types of moral reasoning choices, attitude toward the athlete (AAth), attitude toward the endorsed brand (ABrd), and purchase intent (PI).
Global weak solutions for the two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equations with partial dissipation and diffusion

Abstract In this paper, we consider the two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equations. We establish global weak solution for MHD equations with partial dissipation and vertical diffusion. We also obtain a regularity condition.
Standardized assessment of cognitive development: Instruments and issues.

A standardized measure of cognitive functioning is often a primary component of a comprehensive early childhood psychological evaluation. Children’s performance on cognitive assessments can have significant immediate and long-term implications. Treatment decisions and access to services or resources may be predicated on the information gained from a particular measure. This chapter will describe the applications of standardized instruments commonly used to measure cognitive development in infants, toddlers, and young children. It begins with a discussion of cognitive development theory to provide a foundation of the background and structure of these instruments. Second, factors associated with appropriate instrument selection are presented, including consideration of psychometric properties, norms, and limitations. The chapter also provides a framework for conducting and interpreting an assessment using these measures, including a practical checklist for clinicians. Finally, the chapter provides specific descriptions of standardized cognitive measures that are commonly used with infants, toddlers, and young children.
Influence of hydrodynamic stress on the frictional drag of biofouling communities

The role of hydrodynamic wall shear stresses on the development of the fouling community structure and resulting frictional drag were examined using a commercially available fouling release coating. Immersed test panels were exposed to three different hydrodynamic treatments, one static and two dynamic (corresponding to an estimated wall shear stress of 7.0 and 25.5 Pa). The drag of the panels was measured in a hydrodynamic test chamber at discrete time intervals over 35 days. The fouling community composition on the static panels was significantly different from the organisms observed on the dynamic panels. Despite different fouling community composition, the drag forces measured on the panels were very similar. This suggests that the frictional drag of low form and soft fouling communities are similar and that there may be a stepwise increase in frictional drag associated with the presence of mature calcareous organisms.
Grease fires turn up the heat in autoimmune disease.

Restoring reverse cholesterol transport ameliorates the B cell hyperexpansion and autoimmune disease found to be associated with accumulation of cholesterol in CD11c+ antigen–presenting cells.
Outcome-wide Epidemiology.

The author proposes that epidemiologic studies should more often assess the associations of a single exposure with multiple outcomes simultaneously. Such “outcome-wide epidemiology” will be especially important for exposures that may be beneficial for some outcomes but harmful for others. Outcome-wi
Development of a Holistic Health Economic Evaluation Tool Leveraging Patient Self-Report

As the prevalence of long term conditions increases, there is a demand for transformation from reactive health care systems, to prevention and self-care in the community. Patient reported outcome measures are growing in popularity as a method of obtaining health status and response to intervention. However, they are primarily focused on physical health, collecting less information about important mental and social determinants of health. Today technology presents a platform for patients to track these outcomes remotely and frequently, gathering rich information about oneself which could not comparably be collected in such depth during physician consultations. This paper discusses the importance of health reporting tools for promotion of enhanced clinical and self-care. Secondly it demonstrates a case study of how the determinants of physical, mental and social health were selected in the development of a health reporting tool, and associated events and interventions.
Improvement in Quality Metrics Outcomes and Patient and Family Satisfaction in a Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit after Creation of a Dedicated Neurocritical Care Team

Introduction. Dedicated neurointensivists have been shown to improve outcome measurements in the neurosciences intensive care unit (NSICU). Quality outcome data in relation to patient and family satisfaction is lacking. This study evaluated the impact of newly appointed neurointensivists and creation of a neurocritical care team on quality outcome measures including patient satisfaction in a NSICU. Methods. This is a retrospective study of data over 36 months from a 14-bed NSICU evaluating quality outcome measures and anonymous patient satisfaction questionnaires before and after neurointensivists appointment. Results. After appointment of neurointensivists, patient acuity of the NSICU increased by 33.4% while LOS decreased by 3.5%. There was a decrease in neurosciences mortality (35.8%), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (50%), central line associated bloodstream infection (100%), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (50%). During the same time, patient satisfaction increased by 28.3% on physicians/nurses consistency ( ), by 69.5% in confidence/trust in physicians ( ), by 78.3% on physicians treated me with courtesy/respect ( ), and by 46.4% on physicians’ attentiveness ( ). Ultimately, patients recommending the hospital to others increased by 67.5% ( ). Conclusion. Dedicated neurointensivists and the subsequent development of a neurocritical care team positively impacted quality outcome metrics, particularly significantly improving patient satisfaction.
Effects of agent transparency and communication framing on human-agent teaming

Communication of the inner workings of an intelligent agent, or agent transparency, is important for human operators' calibration of their trust in the agent. Recent work has focused on methods of communicating this information in the context of agent-assisted mission planning. This investigation looked at the framing of agent communication and how it might interact with level of agent transparency. Results showed that critical framing improved operator's perception and trust of the agent regardless of the agent's transparency level. Further, findings suggest that the effects of framing are especially pronounced in low transparency applications.
Eicosanoids mediate insect cellular immune reactions to bacterial infections.

The occurrence of eicosanoids in invertebrate tissues has been recognized for nearly thirty years, beginning with the discovery of certain prostaglandins (PGs) in some species of octacorals1. This discovery attracted more commercial than zoological attention because the large amounts of PGs in the corals represented a natural source of material for research and other pharmaceutical interests2. The initial finding prompted efforts to locate other natural sources of PGs and other eicosanoids, and it is now commonly thought that eicosanoids occur in the tissues of virtually every animal taken under appropriate scrutiny. This idea carries considerable significance, because it suggests eicosanoids were recruited into biological signaling systems before evolution of the Metazoa. I suppose eicosanoids occur in most, if not all, animals, and eicosanoids exert important biological actions in animals. Some eicosanoid actions are limited to a few species. For example, PGs release egg-laying behavior in some, but not all, cricket species3. Similarly, F-series PGs serve as sex pheromone in some, by no means all, fish species4. On the other hand, other eicosanoid actions may be fundamental to animal systems. Eicosanoids seem to be involved in ion transport physiology in every vertebrate and invertebrate suitably studied5. Regulating ion transport physiology may be a fundamental eicosanoid action. In a similar vein, we will suggest in this chapter that mediating cellular defense reactions may also be a fundamental eicosanoid action.
Die Anscheinsvollmacht im Bürgerlichen Recht

Nach den Grundsatzen uber die Anscheinsvollmacht kann sich der „Vertretene im Interesse der Rechtssicherheit auf den Mangel der Vollmacht seines angeblichen Vertreters dann nicht berufen, wenn er dessen Verhalten zwar nicht kannte, es aber bei pflichtgemaser Sorgfalt hatte kennen und verhindern konnen, und wenn ferner der Geschaftsgegner das Verhalten des Vertreters nach Treu und Glauben und mit Rucksicht auf die Verkehrssitte dahin auffassen durfte, das es dem Vertretenen bei verkehrsgemaser Sorgfalt nicht habe verborgen bleiben konnen, das dieser es also dulde“1. Die Anscheinsvollmacht unterscheidet sich somit von der im vorhergehenden Kapitel behandelten Duldungsvollmacht lediglich hinsichtlich der subjektiven Voraussetzungen, die beim Geschaftsherrn vorliegen mussen: Wahrend bei der Duldungsvollmacht Kenntnis und Duldung des Vertreterhandelns auf Seiten des Vertretenen gefordert werden, sind im Bereich der Anscheinsvollmacht insoweit Kennenmussen und Verhindernkonnen ausreichend.
Community Organizations and Active Peer Effects in the Adoption of Residential Solar PV

Solar Community Organizations (SCOs) are formal or informal organizations and citizen groups that help reduce the barriers to the adoption of residential solar photovoltaic (PV) by (1) providing access to credible and transparent information about the localized benefits of residential PV and (2) actively campaigning to encourage adoption within their operational boundaries. We study the peer effect, or social interaction, process catalyzed by SCOs to understand the impact of these organizations on the residential PV market. Using a standardized search methodology across spatial scales (state; city; neighborhoods), we identify and characterize the operations of 228 SCOs formed in the U.S. between 1970 and 2012. We also present case studies of four successful SCOs and find that a common thread of why these SCOs are successful involves effectively leveraging trusted community networks combined with putting together a complete information and financial-tools package for use by interested communities. Finally, our findings suggest that empirical studies that attempt statistical identification and estimation of peer effects should pay close attention to the role of SCOs, as the social interactions engendered by SCOs may be correlated both with the level of social learning as well the socio-demographic characteristics of the communities of interest.
Reduced Rank Least Squares for Real-Time Short Term Estimation of Mean Arterial Blood Pressure in Septic Patients Receiving Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine (NE), an endogenous catecholamine, is a mainstay treatment for septic shock, which is a life-threatening manifestation of severe infection. NE counteracts the loss in blood pressure associated with septic shock. However, an NE infusion that is too low fails to counteract the blood pressure drop, and an NE infusion that is too high can cause a hypertensive crisis and heart attack. Ideally, the NE infusion rate should maintain a patient’s mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) above 65 mmHg. There are a few data-driven, quantitative models to predict the MAP, and incorporate NE effects. This paper presents a model, driven by intensive care unit (ICU) measurable data and known NE inputs, to predict the future MAP of an ICU patient. We derive a least square estimation model for MAP based on available ICU data, including heart period, NE infusion rate, and respiration wave. We learn the parameters of our model from initial patient data and then use this information to predict future MAP data. We assess our model with data from 12 septic patients. Our model successfully predicts and tracks MAP when the NE infusion rate changes. Specifically, we predict MAP 3 to 20 min in the future with the mean error of less than 4 to 7 mmHg over 12 patients. Conclusion: this new approach creates the potential to advance methods for predicting NE infusion rate in septic patients. Significance: successfully predicted patients’ MAP could reduce catastrophic human error and lessen clinicians’ workload.
Treatment of Multiple Myeloma With Daratumumab in a Kidney Transplant Patient.

Clinical features A middle-aged man with history of kidney transplantation was diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM); he was treated with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (CyBorD) for induction therapy. However, a repeat bone marrow biopsy after treatment revealed 10% clonal plasma cell involvement. Given residual disease, his treatment regimen was changed to daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in an attempt to achieve minimal residual disease. Therapeutic challenge Daratumumab was recently approved for treatment of relapsed or refractory MM; there are no data regarding the safety and effectiveness in solid organ transplant patients. Solution Our patient was treated with a daratumumab-based regimen for MM. His renal function was monitored closely along with donor-specific antibody to assess for risk of graft rejection. His renal function remained stable with minimal proteinuria and negative donor-specific antibody during the treatment course.
Future Proofing Your Department

Many forces are impacting the academic landscape such as increasing competition, the inability of American families to pay for college, and the growth of for-profit universities. Accountability to external stakeholders also remains at the forefront of this discourse. Through the lens of upper administration, this paper presents an overview of the changing textile and apparel industries,discusses demographic shifts in higher education, highlights the challenges of inertia of change and provides a checklist for textile and apparel programs to future proof their discipline at their respective institutions.
Rate of Learning in Relation to Spacing of Practice Periods in Archery and Badminton

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of learning between two distributions of practice in archery and badminton classes. Each activity was divided into two groups based on the distribution of practice used. The “t” test of the significance of the difference between means was used to make comparisons between groups relative to the effectiveness of the two practice distributions of learning as measured by gain in selected criteria. The results seemed to indicate that more effective learning in archery took place under relatively massed practice while in badminton wider distribution of practice produced more rapid learning.
Electronic structure of technologically important interfaces and heterostructures

From thin film solar cells to metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) devices in leading edge integrated circuits, the electronic structure at and near the interfaces between component materials determines the most important fundamental operating characteristics of those devices such as turn-on voltage, power dissipation, and off-state current leakage. Fermi level location at buried interfaces, semiconductor (SC) band bending, charge transfer, oxide defects, and work functions of the constituent materials all contribute to device performance. This paper describes how these important parameters can be determined by employing femtosecond photovoltage spectroscopy, an extension of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) using ultrafast lasers. While standard UPS is fundamentally a surface-sensitive spectroscopy, pump/probe techniques add a new dimension to this venerable spectroscopy, permitting the accurate extraction of the underlying band bending in SCs. When combined with the valence band edge location of the SC and oxide, and determination of the system Fermi level, full characterization of the electronic structure of a MOS stack can be obtained providing key insights on device operating properties. This approach can be extended to study key device materials in emerging areas of artificial intelligence and quantum computing. In each case, surprising new details were uncovered that led to performance optimization of these technologically important devices.
HVAC Scheduling based on Wi-Fi derived Occupancy

This poster showcases the integration of building management system data with Wi-Fi derived occupancy data to calibrate a building energy model for energy performance prediction and analysis. Our results show an overall improved building energy savings and unmet hours by the Wi-Fi derived schedules compared to the baseline and at 4% occupied threshold, similar energy consumption as baseline is achieved but with reduced unmet hours.
Documented Reasons of Cancellation and Rescheduling of Telehealth Appointments During the Pandemic.

Background and Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the use of telehealth around the world. The aim is to minimize health care service disruption as well as reducing COVID-19 exposure. However, one of the major operational concerns is cancellations and rescheduling (C/Rs). C/Rs may create additional burden and cost to the patient, provider, and the health system. Our aim is to understand the reasons for C/Rs of the telehealth session after the scheduled start time. Materials and Methods: We reviewed electronic health records (EHRs) to identify the C/R reasons for behavioral health and speech language pathology departments. Documented C/Rs in the medical charts were identified from EHR by using a keyword-based and Natural Language Processing (NLP)-supported EHR search engine. From the search results, we randomly selected 200 notes and conducted a thematic analysis. Results: We identified four themes explaining C/R reasons. Most frequent theme was "technicality" (47, 36%), followed by "engagement" (34, 25%), "scheduling" (31, 24%), and "unspecified" (20, 15%). The findings showed that technical reasons are the leading cause of C/Rs, constituting 36% of the cases (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29-43%). Notably, "engagement" constituted a sizeable 25% (95% CI: 19-31%) of C/Rs, as a result of the inability to engage a patient to complete the telehealth session. Conclusions: The study shows that engagement is one of the new challenges to the pediatric telehealth visits. Future studies of new engagement models are needed for the success of telehealth. Our findings will help fill the literature gaps and may help with enhancing the digital experience for both caregivers and providers, reducing wasted time and resources due to preventable C/Rs, improving clinical operation efficiency, and treatment adherence.
Synthesis and hydrodesulfurization properties of silica-supported nickel-ruthenium phosphide catalysts

Abstract A series of Ni2-xRuxP/SiO2 catalysts spanning the full composition space (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) were prepared from hypophosphite-based precursors (P/M = 0.72, M = Ni + Ru). The Ni2-xRuxP/SiO2 catalysts having Ni-rich compositions (x
Rural-urban differences in antibiotic prescribing for uncomplicated urinary tract infection.

Objective To examine rural-urban differences in temporal trends and risk of inappropriate antibiotic use by agent and duration among women with uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). Design Observational cohort study. Methods Using the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database (2010-2015), we identified US commercially insured women aged 18-44 years coded for uncomplicated UTI and prescribed an oral antibiotic agent. We classified antibiotic agents and durations as appropriate versus inappropriate based on clinical guidelines. Rural-urban status was defined by residence in a metropolitan statistical area. We used modified Poisson regression to determine the association between rural-urban status and inappropriate antibiotic receipt, accounting for patient- and provider-level characteristics. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate trends in antibiotic use by rural-urban status. Results Of 670,450 women with uncomplicated UTI, a large proportion received antibiotic prescriptions for inappropriate agents (46.7%) or durations (76.1%). Compared to urban women, rural women were more likely to receive prescriptions with inappropriately long durations (adjusted risk ratio 1.10, 95% CI, 1.10-1.10), which was consistent across subgroups. From 2011 to 2015, there was slight decline in the quarterly proportion of patients who received inappropriate agents (48.5% to 43.7%) and durations (78.3% to 73.4%). Rural-urban differences varied over time by agent (duration outcome only), geographic region, and provider specialty. Conclusions Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing is quite common for the treatment of uncomplicated UTI. Rural women are more likely to receive inappropriately long antibiotic durations. Antimicrobial stewardship interventions are needed to improve outpatient UTI antibiotic prescribing and to reduce unnecessary exposure to antibiotics, particularly in rural settings.
APSA Teaching and Learning Conference: A Summary of Four Tracks: Track Four: Diversity and Global Perspectives

Combining the presentations on diversity and global perspectives turned out to be very productive. We discovered a natural affinity between the conference's goal of creating a collaborative teaching and learning environment that bridges the cosmopolitan and local knowledge teachers and students bring together in the classroom and the substance of what we wanted students to learn about diversity within and among countries in a period of accelerating globalization. While the contexts and stakes could not be more different, the challenges of combining a professor's “cosmopolitan knowledge” with students' “local knowledge” are theoretically analogous to the political challenges of honoring the local knowledge that grows out of our diversity while simultaneously nurturing a more shared, cosmopolitan knowledge that can connect us in mutually acceptable ways. Put differently, when it comes to understanding the politics of diversity and globalization, the classroom can be used both as an example and as an application of political theory. Working within this broad theme, we discussed a variety of very specific ideas to promote collaborative and active learning about diversity and world politics.
A search for right-handed w bosons with the D0 detector

A search for right-handed charged bosons (W{sub R}) was done with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron p{bar p} collider at {radical}s = 1.8 TeV. These heavy gauge bosons arise in left-right symmetric extensions of the Standard Model along with massive right-handed neutrinos (N). The authors look for p{bar p} {yields} W{sub R}{sup {+-}} {yields} e{sup {+-}} + N with a subsequent neutrino decay N {yields} e{sup {+-}} + jj inside the detector, leading to e{sup {+-}}e{sup {+-}}jj in the final state. In addition, they look for a Jacobian peak in the transverse momentum of the single e{sup {+-}} spectrum, characteristic of the two body decay of the W{sub R}.
Adian Groups and Pregroups

Let ℙ be a cycle-free presentation of a semigroup. Adian showed that the semigroup S of ℙ is embedded in the group G of ℙ. Let Q = S•S-1 ⊂ G. In this paper we give a geometric argument, using diagrams, to prove a result, due basically to O. A. Sarkisian, which says: If n > 1, and q1 ∈ Q for i = 1,…,n, and if 1 = q1•q2…qn is true in G, the there exists i such that q1•q1+1 ∈ Q. This gives a set of examples of a concept invented by Baer. related to pregroups, about which little is known. A number of questions and conjectures are discussed, about the relations between these “S-pregroups,” cycle-free groups, left-ordered groups, and vector fields.
Femtosecond coherent nano-spectroscopy of coupled molecular dynamics

We isolate the vibrational free-induction decay of a homogeneous molecular subensemble using ultrafast infrared vibrational scattering-scanning near-field microscopy. The observed long-lived few picosecond vibrational coherences, intramolecular coherence transfer, and spatial variations in vibrational modes indicate non-ergodic behavior.