cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding Health Talk in Behavioral Health Encounters: A Qualitative Analysis.

Although physical and behavioral health conditions commonly cooccur, best practices making behavioral health treatment responsive to clients’ health needs are limited. Particularly little is known about how physical health is addressed by clinicians within routine therapeutic treatment. This study describes the frequency and type of health talk occurring within integrated behavioral health sessions, and explores how this talk functions within ongoing therapeutic work. Participants in this study included 51 dyads of clinical social workers (n = 13) and clients (n = 51) receiving therapy within an integrated community health and behavioral health center. Therapy sessions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis determined the frequency and content of health talk in sessions. Thematic analysis was used to understand the function of health talk within these visits. Health talk occurred in 92% (n = 47) of sessions. Clients initiated the majority of discussions. Talk about sleep (40%, n = 19), diet/exercise (35%, n = 16), and chronic health conditions (28%, n = 13) were most common. Health talk either complimented or conflicted with therapeutic work, depending on the topic discussed and when it occurred during session. Health talk changed the scope of therapeutic work by integrating care coordination into routine practice. Health talk was pervasive and was frequently initiated by clients, signaling its relevance to clients’ recovery. Providers leveraged heath talk to complement their therapeutic work, but these strategies were not universally applied. Care coordination activities were a part of routine therapy. Practice and policy changes that support a more interdisciplinary approach to clinical work are needed.
Effects of gamma irradiation on mechanical properties of 3D-printed carbon fiber–reinforced ABS

3D-printed samples of carbon fiber–reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (CF-ABS) are exposed to radiation doses of up to 15 kGy with a Cobalt-60 gamma irradiator. The effects of irradiation, the choice of material (CF-ABS or ABS), and the order of fabrication (before or after irradiation) are examined. CF-ABS has a smaller ultimate tensile strength and a larger elastic modulus than ABS alone regardless of the radiation dose or the order of printing. At zero dose, flexural moduli for CF-ABS are 66% larger than those in ABS. Several properties of CF-ABS show almost a 20% decrease after 1 kGy of irradiation when it is printed with pre-irradiated filament, which does not occur in ABS or when CF-ABS samples are printed prior to irradiation.
Isotope Exchange Measurements of the Interfacial Reaction Rate Constant of Nitrogen on Fe-Mn alloys and an Advanced High-Strength Steel

Precise control of dissolved nitrogen is required for producing Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steels (AHSS). Compared with well-documented thermodynamic data, the data on the kinetics of nitrogen dissolution in these steels are limited. The isotope exchange technique (15N–14N exchange reaction) was applied to measure the nitrogen reaction rate at different temperatures, on pure liquid iron, liquid iron containing different levels of manganese, and liquid Fe-Mn-Al-Si steel with a Third-Generation AHSS composition. The increase in the interfacial reaction rate with increased temperature corresponded to an activation energy of 144.2 kJ/mol for pure iron. For Fe-Mn alloy, the interfacial reaction rate increased with the increased temperature and increased manganese content. For liquid AHSS (Fe-Mn-Al-Si), the interfacial reaction rate was approximately one third of the rate for pure liquid iron, at the same temperature, with a corresponding activation energy of 160.5 kJ/mol.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some amides compound derivative of oxazole carboxylic acids

In this present a new series of amides from 4, 5 di benzoic acid oxazole, 4-benzoic acid -5- phenyl oxazole, 2-methyl 4,5 – di benzoic acid oxazole, 2-methyl-4 benzoic acid- 5-phenyl oxazole, 2-benzyl – 4.5 – di benzoic acid oxazole with aniline. The structures of the synthesized compounds were determined by their infra-red, H- nuclear magnetic resonance and analysis elemental analysis spectral data and were tested for their antibacterial activity. The newly amides characterized by spectral IR table (2) spectral shown disappearance pf – COOH at 3500 cm and NH2 3320-3410 cm Absorption band in the other new derivative at (1770-1760) cm-1 to –C-NH) group of new amides because of mesomeric effect and characterized by C-H-N and H NMR. In this study of the effect of the prepared compound in the two types of bacteria isolated from a medical condition (human) and it has studied and diagnosed and proved their attributes. It has identified its resistance of different antibiotic that is also carried out the development operations and increased the numbers of these bacteria in temperature (37°C).
Analysis of Mortality in Patients Treated With Phenylephrine in Septic Shock

Background:Phenylephrine is a selective α1-receptor agonist used to manage shock. Current guidelines for septic shock recommend limited utilization of phenylephrine due to the lack of evidence avai...
Chapter 9 – Ultraviolet radiation (UVA, UVB) and skin antioxidants

This chapter focuses on ultraviolet (UV) radiation and skin antioxidants. The free radical hypothesis of UV-induced damage provides a unifying model for various cutaneous effects of UV light: (1) free radicals are formed by the action of UV light on skin, (2) skin contains antioxidant defenses, which nullify free radicals, but these defenses will be overwhelmed if the dose of UV light is great enough, and (3) the result will be free radical damage to cellular components—such as proteins, lipids, and DNA—altering cell function and eventually inducing pathology. The chapter uses hairless mouse as model. Initial experiments utilized excised skin while later studies used an in vivo system. These systems were irradiated with either UVA (320–400 nm), UVB (290–320 nm), or simulated sunlight in a pattern of UVA and UVB, which closely matched natural sunlight. The chapter illustrates the measurement of UV-induced changes in antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and the effects of dietary supplementation with the major chain-breaking lipophilic antioxidant, α-tocopherol, on UV-induced skin damage.
Combined syngeneic bone marrow transplantation and immunotherapy of a murine B-cell lymphoma: active immunization with tumor-derived idiotypic immunoglobulin

Recurrence of the underlying malignancy remains a major cause of treatment failure after autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for patients with lymphoma. In this regard, we have developed an immunotherapeutic approach designed to induce resistance against residual tumor cells persisting after BMT. Previous studies in the model system of 38C13, a lethal B-cell lymphoma of C3H origin, have shown that active immunization with purified tumor-derived surface immunoglobulin (Id), as a tumor-associated antigen, produces resistance to tumor growth. Id immunization of lethally irradiated mice at 3 or 5 weeks after reconstitution with syngeneic bone marrow resulted in significantly prolonged survival after tumor challenge compared with nonspecifically immunized controls. Low levels of idiotype-specific antibody were also demonstrated in the sera of specifically immunized mice at this early time, when other functional studies in the literature of immunocompetence after syngeneic reconstitution might have predicted incomplete recovery. Immunization of mice before lethal irradiation and syngeneic marrow reconstitution also induced significant resistance to tumor challenge, suggesting the persistence of established host antitumor immunity through total body irradiation. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of id immunization in conjunction with bone marrow transplantation.
Differential Uptake of cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) by Sensitive and Resistant Murine L1210 Leukemia Cells

The uptake of cis -[14C]dichloro(ethylenediamine)platinum(II) ( cis -DEP) is reduced in cis -diamminedichloroplatinum(II) ( cis -DDP)-resistant L1210 cells [L1210/DDP (SRI)] in comparison to cis -DDP-sensitive L1210 cells (L1210/0). A difference in uptake is observed as early as 6 min after addition of cis -[14C]DEP and increases to approximately 3-fold after 30 min. This reduction in uptake is reflected in a decrease in the binding of platinum to DNA isolated from cis -DDP-treated cells as measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy and in the quantity of intracellular cis -DEP metabolites as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Similar differences in uptake are observed between ascitic L1210/0 and L1210/DDP (SRI) cells in vitro and in vivo , showing that the differences in uptake are not due to an artifact of the culturing process. The differences in cis -DEP uptake between the two cell lines were relatively unchanged during 7 mo in culture; however, both cell lines exhibited altered sensitivities to cis -DEP during extended culturing. No difference was observed in the efflux of cis -DEP by the two cell lines. Similarly, no difference in nonprotein and total sulfhydryl contents was observed between L1210/0 and L1210/DDP (SRI) cells. The difference in uptake (3-fold) of cis -DEP between L1210/0 and L1210/DDP (SRI) cells may not account fully for the observed differences in sensitivity of the two cell lines to cis -DDP (18-fold) and cis -DEP (19-fold). A portion of the resistance may be due to differences in the capacity of the two cell lines to survive in the presence of platinum damage.
Localization and expression profile of activator of G-protein signaling proteins in the kidney (690.6)

Activator of G-protein signaling (AGS) are a family of accessory proteins that regulate heterotrimeric G-protein function in a receptor-independent mechanism. Recent studies in our lab have identif...
Non-fusogenic measles virus for cancer gene therapy

4018 Replication-competent attenuated Edmonston B vaccine strains of measles virus (MV-Edm) are promising oncolytic agents and are currently being evaluated in phase I clinical trials at Mayo clinic and elsewhere. These viruses are selectively cytotoxic for human tumor cells, infecting and fusing them through the measles receptor CD46, a complement regulatory protein that is expressed at high levels on human tumor cell surfaces. One of the current limitations of oncolytic MV therapy is that the maximal titer of a MV stock is usually 10 7 –10 8 plaque forming unit/ml, which is much lower than other species of oncolytic virus used in the clinic (eg. Adenovirus 10 10 –10 12 ). This relatively low titer limits our ability to deliver high doses in clinical trials, which may be required to achieve efficient virus delivery to disseminated tumor sites, particularly in the face of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies. We recently isolated a non-fusogenic measles virus that grows to a higher titer (10 9 p.f.u./ml) than its parent (MV-GFP, 10 7 p.f.u./ml) while still retaining oncolytic activity. Sequencing of the genome of this virus indicated that the altered phenotype of the nonfusogenic virus was probably due to a single mutation in the viral attachment protein, H, at the 97th amino acid position within the stem region. We therefore introduced this mutation into a full length clone of MV-GFP, and rescued the corresponding virus, MV-H97. MV-H97 was nonfusogenic and grew to very high titer but retained specificity for CD46 and SLAM receptors. Incorporation of the viral glycoproteins H and F was compared by immunoblotting sucrose purified MV-H97 and MV-GFP virions. Interestingly, H was ten-fold more abundant in MV-H97 than in MV-GFP and the ratio of H to F incorporation was increased approximately one hundred fold. Comparison of cell entry kinetics by MV-GFP and MV-H97 revealed that the entry of MV-H97 is significantly slower than the parental virus. Overall, these data suggest that the H97 mutation causes impaired transmission of the fusion triggering signal from H to F upon receptor binding. To test our assumption that the oncolytic activity of attenuated measles viruses is a consequence of tumor cell fusion, we compared the antitumor activity of MV-GFP and MV-H97 in an ovarian cancer (SKOV3ip.1) xenograft model. Contrary to our predictions and expectations, the non-fusogenic MV-H97 and fusogenic MV-GFP viruses showed nearly equivalent oncolytic activity both in arresting tumor growth and in prolonging survival. Based on these findings, we are conducting further studies to determine the mechanism of in vivo tumor cell killing by MV-H97. We are also constructing fully retargeted retargeted non-fusogenic measles viruses for targeted tumor therapy.
A Procedure for Predicting Underachievement in Mathematics Among Female College Students

This study was designed to identify those females who are predicted to fall substantially below their male counterparts in mathematical participation and performance (female potential underachievers) and who are most in need of intervention procedures early in their college career. The subjects were 457 college graduates. A battery of high school variables was used to predict the students’ college experience as measured by two separate variables: (a) the number of college mathematics courses (participation) and (b) the mathematics grade point average with each course weighted by its difficulty (performance). If the levels of mathematical performance of females and males with the same high school background were equal, one would expect the difference in their predicted performance to be close to zero. However, significant differences between the sexes were observed in their regression equations of prediction. Therefore, the differences between the male and female equations of prediction can be considered the vehicles for identifying female potential underachievers. Should colleges institute intervention procedures, this study provides an objective measure of their success. INCREASED female exposure to mathematics is deemed essential to the equalization of educational and career opportunities between the sexes (Carnegie Commission on Higher Education, 1973). Historically, one of the problems in the mathematical education of females has been the lack of female participation in mathematics at both the high school and college levels (Ernest, 1976; Sherman and Fennema, 1977). Colleges, therefore, are confronted with the prob
Does nutritional counseling in telemedicine improve treatment outcomes for diabetes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of results from 92 studies

BackgroundA growing number of studies and reviews have documented the impact of telemedicine on diabetes management. However, no meta-analysis has assessed whether including nutritional counseling as part of a telemedicine program has a significant impact on diabetes outcomes or what kind of nutritional counseling is most effective.MethodsOriginal research articles examining the effect of telemedicine interventions on HbA1c levels in patients with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes were included in this study. A literature search was performed and 92 studies were retained for analysis. We examined stratified results by differentiating interventions using no nutritional counseling from those that used nutritional counseling. We further compared between nutritional counseling administered via short message systems (SMS) such as email and text messages, and nutritional counseling administered via telephone or videoconference.ResultsTelemedicine programs that include a nutritional component show similar effect in diab...
Impact of Advocacy Initiatives on Nurses' Motivation to Sustain Momentum in Public Policy Advocacy

Purpose The purpose of this study is to elicit insight from the public policy leaders of 2 regional professional nursing organizations on key qualities of their current advocacy initiatives that motivate nurses to sustain momentum in public policy advocacy beyond a single episode. The goal is to inform quality improvement in the development of future advocacy initiatives to increase sustained engagement of nurses. Methods Social cognitive theory was used as the rationale for this qualitative, descriptive study. A purposive convenience sample of executive leadership and board committee members from 2 regional professional nursing organizations were recruited to complete an initial Web-based electronic survey, followed by separate semistructured interview focus groups. One organization was composed primarily of advanced practice registered nurses, and the other group composed of diverse, multispecialty nursing members with varied educational levels. Results Nine themes emerged, categorized as facilitators or challenges to the positive impact of advocacy initiatives on nurses' motivation. Conclusion Highlighting and marketing facilitators to the positive impact of advocacy initiatives on nurses' motivation to sustain momentum in public policy advocacy, while designing and testing new initiatives that address the challenges, may increase the number of nurses who sustain engagement in the policy advocacy process.
Vaccines as instruments of foreign policy. The new vaccines for tropical infectious diseases may have unanticipated uses beyond fighting diseases.

Nearly a century ago, in 1913, the International Health Board of the Rockefeller Foundation in New York City almost single‐handedly created American tropical medicine research. Through a focused programme of philanthropic support for research on the treatment and prevention of infections such as malaria, yellow fever and hookworm, they initiated efforts to fight those diseases that affect the world's poorest nations. Simultaneous funding for The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, new institutions of public health at Johns Hopkins and Harvard University, and overseas research and educational institutions in Brazil and China further created an infrastructure by which American tropical disease research and development was supported and sustained. > The dwindling resources for developing world health in the context of a booming stock market and economic growth and prosperity threatened to tarnish the 1990s as a decade of moral outrage The development of the yellow fever vaccine and the eradication of malaria in many parts of the world are among the many achievements that resulted from the Rockefeller initiative. But the last two decades have witnessed a decrease in clinical and laboratory tropical disease research. During this period, the Rockefeller Foundation gradually moved away from funding biomedical research and left this task to organisations without experience in tropical disease research, such as the MacArthur Foundation. Unfortunately, these foundations were not prepared or committed to support work in this difficult field in the long term. Moreover, both the Tropical Disease Research programme of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the international programmes of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) suffered from chronic under‐funding. Thus, during the late 1980s and early 1990s, American scientists began leaving research on tropical diseases at an alarming rate. This scientific exodus occurred at a time when 2 million children were dying each year from malaria, when children's …
Alternating current electrophoresis of human red blood cells.

An a.c. electrophoretic technique in the frequency range between 2–10 Hz, using a rectangular chamber design, has been developed for measuring the surface electric charge density of human red blood cells. With the a.c. approach, mobility can be determined rapidly, electrode polarization is minimized and the construction of the chamber simplified. For frequencies under 10 Hz and a chamber thickness of 150 μm, a theoretical analysis of the electroosmotic flow profile shows that it is almost identical to the d.c. case. With the a.c. method and using a 0.145 N NaCl solution buffered with NaHCO3, the mobility of red cells measured at the lower stationary level is found to be −1.07±0.02 (S.D.) μmsec−1 V−1 cm. The zeta potential and charge density calculated from the mobility are −14.03±0.26 (S.D.) mV and −3603±69 (S.D.) esu cm−2, respectively.
Preclinical prediction of Alzheimer's disease using SPECT

Background Regional cerebral perfusion measured by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was examined as a preclinical predictor of the development of Alzheimer9s disease (AD). Methods Singular value decomposition was used to produce 20 SPECT factors (known as vectors) (n = 152). Vector scores were then computed for four groups (n = 136), differing in cognitive status: Group 1-normal controls at both baseline and follow-up; Group 2-subjects with “questionable” AD at both baseline and follow-up; Group 3-subjects with questionable AD at baseline who converted to AD on follow-up (Converters); Group 4-subjects with AD at baseline. All SPECT data in the analyses were gathered at baseline. Results The four groups could be distinguished on the basis of their baseline SPECT data (p Conclusions SPECT data gathered and analyzed in this manner may be useful as one aspect of the preclinical prediction of AD. Three of the four brain regions important for discriminating Converters from normal controls involve a distributed brain network pertaining to memory, suggesting that this network may be selectively affected in the earliest stages of AD.
P‐162: Distinguished Student Poster Paper: Sunlight Readable Transmissive LCDs

We propose a novel sunlight readable transmissive LCD embedded with a transflective film. Such a transflective film has high transmittance to the backlight and high reflectance to the ambient light. This new display is particularly suitable for mobile displays under strong ambient light condition.
Care of Postoperative Patients With Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Providing care to the postanesthesia patient requires precise and continual assessment in conjunction with prompt and aggressive intervention. This article discusses the cause, pathology, diagnosis, and management of adult respiratory distress syndrome in the PACU.
The optimal dosage and window of opportunity to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis following traumatic brain injury using the uncoupler FCCP

Experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to a rapid and extensive necrosis at the primary site of injury that appears to be driven in part by significant mitochondrial dysfunction. The present study is based on the hypothesis that TBI-induced, aberrant glutamate release increases mitochondrial Ca(2+) cycling/overload ultimately leading to mitochondrial damage. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrates that mitochondrial uncoupling during the acute phases of TBI-induced excitotoxicity can reduce mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake (cycling), ROS production and mitochondrial damage resulting in neuroprotection and improved behavioral outcome. The current study was designed to determine the optimal dosage and therapeutic window of opportunity for the potent mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP following moderate TBI. For this study, we used young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 g); either sham-operated or moderately (1.5 mm) injured using the controlled cortical impactor (CCI) model of TBI. In the first set of studies animals were injected with either vehicle (100% DMSO) or different concentrations of FCCP (0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg in 100% DMSO) intraperitoneally at 5 min post-injury; tested behaviorally at 10 days and cortical sparing assessed at 18 days post-injury. The results demonstrate that of all the dosages tested, 2.5 mg/kg rendered the maximum improvement in behavioral outcomes and tissue spared. Using this optimal dose (2.5 mg/kg) and time point for intervention (5 min post-injury), we assessed mitochondrial bioenergetics and mitochondrial structural integrity 24 h post-injury. Furthermore, using this dosage we assessed mitochondrial bioenergetics and Ca(2+) loading at 3 and 6 h post-injury to further verify our target mechanism and establish these assessments as a valid endpoint to use as a means to determine the therapeutic window of FCCP. To begin to address the window of opportunity for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, the optimal dose of FCCP was then administered at 5 min, 3, 6, or 24 h post-injury and several parameters of mitochondrial function were used as outcome measures. The results demonstrate that a prolonged window of opportunity exists for targeting mitochondrial dysfunction using uncouplers following TBI and give insight into the cellular pathology associated with TBI.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies of the human mirror neuron system

Abstract In a portion of the premotor area of the macaque brain named F5 (human homologue of Brodmann's Area 44), there are neurons that are called “mirror neurons”, which fire when a primate performs or observes another person/animal performing a goal-oriented action. These neurons are active when performing and observing the same action, hence the term is “action observation/execution matching system”. This system may be a fundamental component of imitation, learning and social behavior since observing and understanding the actions of others is a way to understand their intentions and motivations. This paper will review studies that were recently conducted in our laboratory using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate the characteristics and specificity of this action observation/execution matching system in humans. In this series of studies, we addressed the following issues: effects of (1) visual-experience (i.e., when the subjects observe natural versus unnatural actions of their own hands or of other unknown hands), (2) perspective-taking, and (3) presence of a “goal” in action observation. The results show that motor facilitation during action observation is indeed due to the modulatory role of mirror neurons and studies of action observation have some implications in understanding social communication.
Crossbridge kinetics in chemically skinned rabbit psoas fibres when the actin-myosin lattice spacing is altered by dextran T-500.

The action-myosin lattice spacing of chemically skinned rabbit psoas fibres was osmotically altered by dextran T500, and the transient kinetic response of tension arising from maximally cycling crossbridges was measured by sinuosidal length perturbations. The lattice spacing was estimated from the width of the fibres measured under a light microscope. As the dextran concentration was increased, the widths during both relaxation and Ca-activation decreased monotonically. The tension increased to a maximum at 7% dextran, and decreased again at further increases in dextran. Dynamic modulus (stiffness) increased monotonically with compression by dextran; this increase is primarily due to the elastic modulus. The rate constants slightly decreased between 0% and 4% dextran, then decreased rapidly at higher concentrations. The rate of oscillatory work output stayed approximately constant between 0% and 4% dextran, and sharply decreased at higher concentrations. apparently, two indpendent effect occur as the lattice is compressed by dextran: (1) a compensation for the spacing change through an increase in tension and a decrease in the rate constants (this takes place at low dextran concentrations); and (2) an alteration of the crossbridge kinetics by grossly decreasing both the tension and the rate constants (at high dextran concentrations). The first effect is interpreted as a decrease in the detachment rate, while the second effect is interpreted as a decrase in the rate of the ‘power stroke’ reaction.
Increased MAPK Expression and Activity in Primary Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

We investigated the expression and activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MAPK expression was determined in five human tumors and five normal tissues (adjacent non-neoplastic liver) by Western blotting using specific antisera raised against four MAPK pathway intermediates: Erk-1, Erk-2 (extracellular-signal regulated kinases), Mek-1 and Mek-2 (mitogen activated protein kinase kinases). There was a significant increase in Erk-1, Erk-2, Mek-1 and Mek-2 expression in particulate and cytosolic fractions prepared from tumor specimens as compared with the adjacent normal control tissues. The functional activity of both membrane and cytosolic Erk-2, determined by phosphorylation of myelin basic protein (MBP), was significantly increased in tumor specimens as compared to normal (membrane: 321%+/-50%, p<0.05; and cytosol: 597%+/-233%, p<0.05 percent of normal tissue). These data demonstrate for the first time a significant increase in MAPK expression and functional activity in human HCC. Because of the important role that the MAPK pathway plays in cellular growth and differentiation, overexpression of MAPK may be of critical importance to the formation and maintenance of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Nuclear swelling in Asterias eggs and its relation to the passage of materials into and out of nuclei.

Abstract 1. 1. Asterias eggs in the germinal vesicle stage swelled in hypotonic solutions of polyhydric alcohols and of sucrose but their nuclei did not swell. 2. 2. In hypertonic solutions of these alcohols and of sucrose, the cytoplasm of these eggs swelled. The nuclei also swelled in hypertonic propane triol, butane tetrol, and sucrose solutions but not in solutions of the ethane or propane diols. 3. 3. Loss of the vitelline and plasma membranes resulted in failure of the cytoplasm to swell in 4.8 M propane triol solutions but the nuclei of these denuded cells swelled at about the same rate as did those of cells which had retained their membranes. 4. 4. In order for nuclear swelling to occur it was necessary that the nucleus retain its connection with the contiguous cytoplasm over a portion but not all of its surface. Nuclei extruded from the cells so that they were no longer in contact with cytoplasm invariably failed to swell. 5. 5. The rate of penetration of fluid into the eggs from 4.8 M propane triol was found to be much greater than the rates obtained by other investigators for the entry of water by osmosis into these and other echinoderm eggs. The rate of entry of fluid per square micron of surface was greater for the cytoplasm than for the nucleus. However, the relative volume increment of the nucleus was greater than that of the cytoplasm. 6. 6. The capacity of the nuclei to swell in buffered 4.8 M propane triol solutions varied with the pH of the solution. At approximately pH 7.4 there was a sharp minimum in the mean nuclear diameter and in the percentage of nuclei with diameters significantly greater than controls in sea water. This pH corresponds approximately with the value obtained by previous investigators for the intranuclear pH by micrurgical colorimetric methods. 7. 7. It is deduced from these observations that the swelling of the nuclei in 4.8 M propane triol is produced by an electroosmotic process which requires the coordinated interaction of the material of the nuclear surface and the contiguous cytoplasmic substance. 8. 8. Preliminary data are presented which indicate that the Asterias egg nucleus may enlarge in size not only by opening up of folds in the nuclear membrane but also by extension of both the intrapore and interpore portions of the nuclear envelope. 9. 9. Because of the difference in behavior of the free nuclei and those retaining some contact with the cytoplasm, it is considered that the properties of nuclei as determined from the behavior of isolated nuclei are not necessarily representative of nuclei in situ . 10. 10. It is concluded that in the normal egg the movement of some substances between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm is governed not by the nuclear membrane alone but by the coordinated activity of the nuclear envelope and cytoplasmic components contiguous to or connected with it.
Centroid wavelength of LEDs determined by broadband measurement

The centroid wavelength of a spectrum can be determined directly from the ratio of quantum and radiant flux values. This method is a fundamental spectral measurement since it satisfies the mathematical definition of centroid wavelength. Using broad-band methods for measuring quantum and radiant flux, the centroid wavelength can be determined from a ratio of photocurrents. This simple technique yields spectral information, which is normally available only by spectroradiometry. The technique is extendable beyond the visible spectrum, and has useful applications beyond LED measurements. LEDs are used to demonstrate this method for determining centroid wavelength. The LEDs are characterized by both broad band methods and spectroradiometry. The results are discussed and evaluated. The measured LEDs range from red to blue and also include white. The broad-band measurements are made without prior knowledge of the spectral distribution. For LEDs, the accuracy can be improved by using correction techniques. The broad-band centroid wavelength is within +/- 5 nm of the value determined by spectroradiometry.
Let This Voice Be Heard: Anthony Benezet, Father of Atlantic Abolitionism

Let This Voice Be Heard: Anthony Benezet, Father of Atlantic Abolitionism, by Maurice Jackson, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009, xvi+374 pp., $45.00, ISBN 0-780-812-24129-7 Anth...
Multidimensional Frameworks Assembled from Silver(I) Coordination Polymers Containing Flexible Bis(thioquinolyl) Ligands: Role of the Intra- and Intermolecular Aromatic Stacking Interactions

The two flexible multidentate ligands 1,3-bis(8-thioquinolyl)propane (C3TQ) and 1,4-bis(8-thioquinolyl)butane (C4TQ) were reacted with AgX (X = CF3SO3- or ClO4-) to give four new complexes: {[Ag(C3TQ)](ClO4)}n 1, {[Ag(C3TQ)](CF3SO3)}n 2, {[Ag2(C4TQ)(CF3SO3)(CH3CN)](CF3SO3)}n 3, and {[Ag(C4TQ)](ClO4)}n 4. All complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray analysis showed that chain structures form for all complexes in which the quinoline rings interact via various intra- (1) or intermolecular (2, 3, and 4) π−π aromatic stacking interactions, which in the latter cases results in multidimensional structures. Additional weak interactions, such as Ag···O and Ag···S contacts and C−H···O hydrogen bonding, are also present and help form stable, crystalline materials. It was found that the (CH2)n spacers (n = 3 or 4) affect the orientation of the two terminal quinolyl rings, thereby significantly influencing the specific framework structure that forms. I...
Efficient stable isotope labeling and purification of vitamin D receptor from inclusion bodies

Abstract Vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a crucial role in many cellular processes including calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Previous purification methods from prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems were challenged by low protein solubility accompanied by multi purification steps resulting in poor protein recovery. The full-length VDR and its ligand binding domain (LBD) were mostly (>90%) insoluble even when expressed at low temperatures in the bacterial system. We describe a one-step procedure that results in the purification of rat VDR and LBD proteins in high-yield from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies. The heterologously expressed protein constructs retained full function as demonstrated by ligand binding and DNA binding assays. Furthermore, we describe an efficient strategy for labeling these proteins with 2H, 13C, and 15N for structural and functional studies by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This efficient production system will facilitate future studies on the mechanism of vitamin D action including characterization of the large number of synthetic vitamin D analogs that have been developed.
DNA binding sites for the transcriptional activator/repressor YY1

YY1 is ubiquitously expressed zinc finger DNA binding protein. It can act as a transcriptional repressor or activator and, when binding at the initiator element, as a component of the basal transcription complex. Binding sites for YY1 have been reported in a wide variety of promoters and they exhibit substantial diversity in their sequence. To better understand how YY1 interacts with DNA and to be able to predict the presence of YY1 sites in a more comprehensive fashion, we have selected YY1 binding sites from a random pool of oligonucleotides. The sites display considerable heterogeneity, but contain a conserved 5'-CAT-3' core flanked by variable regions, generating the consensus 5'-(C/g/a)(G/t)(C/t/a)CATN(T/a)(T/g/c)-3', where the upper case letters represent the preferred base. This high degree of flexibility in DNA recognition can be predicted by modeling the interaction of the four YY1 zinc fingers with DNA and a detailed model for this interaction is presented and discussed.
Dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program: A preliminary dismantling investigation

Objective A dissonance-based program aimed at reducing thin-ideal internalization has been found to significantly decrease levels of bulimic symptoms in young adult and adolescent females. Because this program is multifaceted, containing psychoeducation, counterattitudinal advocacy, and behavioral exposure components, the current study sought to investigate the mechanisms involved in symptom reduction. Method The current study compared the original treatment program with a dismantled version of the full package, which consisted solely of the specific dissonance component (i.e., the counterattitudinal advocacy procedure). Seventy-eight women were randomly assigned to either the full treatment condition or the counterattitudinal advocacy condition. Results Findings suggest that both interventions significantly reduced established risk factors for eating pathology as well as bulimic symptoms at termination and at 1-month follow-up. Conclusion Both treatments appear to be equally effective at reducing eating pathology in at-risk college women. Limitations of the study are discussed, and directions for future research are offered. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long Simulation of Regional Climate as a Sequence of Short Segments

Regional climate simulations are long time integrations over an open system where the atmosphere over part of the model domain (boundary zones) is updated periodically. Model reinitialization after a long period of integration can allow several segments of a long simulation to be run in parallel and also minimize possible drift caused by accumulated model errors. However, the spinup problems introduced by each additional restart must be addressed. The necessity and feasibility of subdividing long integrations is investigated by means of a series of experiments in which the authors examine the effects of reinitialization frequency and the relative importance of surface forcing and atmospheric forcing. It is found that for integrations that continued without reinitialization, locations of specific meteorological features drifted downstream because simulated winds were too strong, implying the need for periodic reinitialization of the model. The results indicate also that when the model reinitialization interval is relatively long, simulated domain-averaged variables, including rainfall, were not very sensitive to model reinitialization since they are largely constrained by transient boundary conditions, suggesting the feasibility of dividing long regional climate simulations into a set of shorter ones that could be run in parallel.
Bergmann's rule near the equator: latitudinal clines in body size of an Andean passerine bird.

Abstract Critical correlative support for Bergmann's ecogeographic rule is provided by symmetrical patterns of size variation in Diglossa carbonaria, a tropical passerine bird whose geographic range in the Andes Mountains of South America straddles the equator. Body size is positively correlated with latitude both north and south of the equator. Moreover, parapatric taxa that exhibit either partial (north-western Bolivia) or complete (northern Peru) reproductive isolation converge in body size. Relative uniformity in the length of the highly modified flower-piercing bill among populations of D. carbonaria that differ significantly in body size suggests that character displacement or interspecific competition is not responsible for these patterns. These findings support the hypothesis that climate, particularly temperature seasonality, is an important environmental determinant of geographic size variation in homeotherms. In addition they demonstrate that clinal variation correlated with subtle climatic gradients can occur in tropical environments.
Lateral asymmetry of neurotransmitters in human brain

Summary Data recently published as indicating little or no evidence of neurotransmitter asymmetries in post-mortem human brain were analyzed by correlational and Chi-square procedures. Although handedness data were not available and it was not possible to determine the functional significance of asymmetries, our analysis shows that asymmetries in several brain structures and transmitter systems do indeed exist. The major findings are: (1) correlations of left-right asymmetries between and within structures and transmitters yielded a non-random distribution of significant correlations; (2) left-right asymmetries in glutamic acid decar☐ylase (GAD) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were positively correlated in all 9 structures examined; (3) correlations between left-right asymmetries of different neurotransmitters within the same structure tended to be positive whereas correlations between different structures tended to be negative: both trends were significant; (4) choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and dopamine (DA) were both significantly left-biased, by Chi-square tests, in globus pallidus; left-right asymmetries in ChAT and DA were positively correlated in globus pallidus, as well as in caudate nucleus and putamen; (5) left-right asymmetries in ChAT and GAD were positively correlated in all cortical areas and negatively correlated in all nigrostriatal structures; (6) in caudate, putamen and globus pallidus, there was a significant trend for brains with lower dopamine levels to be left-biased and vice-versa; (7) there was a highly significant inverse correlation of age with the absolute asymmetry in globus pallidus ChAT; (8) correlations of absolute asymmetries between the same or different neurotransmitters in different structures were usually positive, indicating that a greater or lesser degree of asymmetry probably characterizes each particular brain; (9) lastly, there were several similarities between the human data and those previously reported in rats, demonstrating that studies in the rat may reveal mechanisms and functions of brain asymmetry that are relevant to man.
Starter Fertilizer and Planting Date Effects on Corn Rotated with Cotton

Corn (Zea mays L.) has become an important crop used in rotation with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the mid-South region of the USA, but there has been little research on cultural practices for corn in this cropping system. The objective of this study was to determine if starter fertilizer has beneficial effects on corn growth and grain yield at different planting dates. Starter fertilizer and planting date effects were evaluated for corn in field experiments on a Commerce silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, nonacid, thermic Aeric Fluvaquent) for 3 yr (1991 through 1993). Six hybrids were evaluated with two starter fertilizer treatments at four planting dates. Starter treatments were (i) ammonium polyphosphate (11-37-0 N-P-K) applied in-furrow and (ii) a control with no starter fertilizer. Planting dates were mid-March, early April, mid-April and late April or early May. Yield response to planting date was not consistent across years; in two of three years, however, planting later than early April decreased yield. The starter fertilizer increased grain yield in two of the three years. Yield response to starter fertilizer was not consistent across years, hybrids, or planting dates. The planting date × starter interaction for yield was significant in two of three years and the hybrid × starter interaction for yield was significant in one of three years. Starter fertilizer increased early-season plant height by 2 to 36% and increased grain yield across planting dates from 0.5 to 1.4 Mg ha⁻¹ in 1991 and 0.4 to 1.0 Mg ha⁻¹ in 1993. There was no yield response to starter in 1992. Application of starter fertilizer, averaged across hybrids and years, reduced harvest grain moisture 5% and days to silking by 3 to 5 d. In this mid-South study, in-furrow N-P starter fertilizer increased early-season corn plant height and grain yield and decreased the number of days to silking of corn rotated with cotton. Approved for publication by the director of the Louisiana Agric. Exp. Stn. as Manuscript no. 95-76-9250.
Tolerance and Buoyancy of Aquatic Insect Larvae Exposed to Gas Supersaturated Water

Larvae of nonbiting midgeflies, mayflies and caddisflies, and stonefly nymphs were highly tolerant to dissolved gas supersaturation in laboratory bioassays. However, most larvae and nymphs lost some buoyancy control and floated, which could indirectly cause death. The immature insects tested became buoyant when exposed to water containing large quantities of fine air bubbles, simulating conditions that occur in a stilling basin below a dam.
Surfactant dysfunction develops when the immunized guinea-pig is challenged with ovalbumin aerosol

Summary Background The cause of the airway resistance developing during an asthma attack is not completely understood. Besides bronchospastn and airway oedema a surfactant dysfunction has been suggested as a reason for an increased airway resistance. Objective This paper airns at exatnining if itideed surfactant dysfunction develops when an asthma attack is induced in guinea-pigs. Methods Guinea-pigs, immunized against ovalbumin and ihcn challenged (by inhal-ing the antigen) underwent lung function tests (n=7) and were compared with seven animals challenged, but not immunized. Lung lavage was carried out in three groups of guinea-pigs: controls. never immunized nor challenged (n=7), not immunized but challenged (n=6), immunized and challenged, no lung function test (n=6). After concctUruting the tavage fluit 10 times the surface activity was evaluated wilh the pulsatitig bubble surfactometer. The fluid's concentration of phospholipids and proteins was determined as was ihe phospholipid composition. Results The 19 immunized and challenged animals all developed severe respiratory distress, six so seriously that they died. Lung function tests showed significantly increased airway resistance and decreased tidal volume, minute volume, and dynamic compliance. Surface activity of lavage fluid from immunized and challenged animals was significantly reduced when compared with fluid from control animals (p<0.01). Immunization and challenge had no effect on the lavage fluid's phospholipid concen-tration or composition, but the proteins were at a higher concentration that in ihe fluid of the controls (P<0.01). Conclusion Proteins leaking into the airways inhibited the surfactant. This, in turn might have caused conducting airways to become blocked by liquid columns, which would increase airway resistance.