cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Schizotypal personality disorder and the insanity defense.

What constitutes a “mental disorder” for purposes of the insanity defense? Does mental disorder denote any diagnosable condition listed in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders? Is a mental disorder a disturbance wherein the functional criteria of the appropriate insanity law appear to be met? Or does insanity law define mental disorder apart from functional criteria of insanity? The answer to the last question is that some insanity laws attempt to define or qualify mental disorder, but many do not. Unclarities in the law leave room for unnecessary disagreements between expert witnesses even before the functional criteria for insanity are to be addressed. The potential for confusion is compounded when the defendant's disturbance is ambiguous, amphibious, or both. Schizotypal personality disorder is offered as an example of such a disturbance, and inferences are discussed.
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-selective stimulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors mediates hypoxic mobilization of calcium

To evaluate the relationship of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor-mediated signal transduction and cellular energy dynamics, we have characterized effects of nucleotides on IP3 receptor (IP3R)- mediated calcium (Ca2+) flux in purified IP3 receptors reconstituted in lipid vesicles (IP3RV) and examined hypoxia-induced augmentation of intracellular Ca2+ in intact cells. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) increases IP3-mediated Ca2+ flux in IP3RV. This effect is highly specific for NADH. Hypoxia elicited by brief exposure of nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells or cerebellar Purkinje cells to cyanide elicits rapid increased in internal [Ca2+], which derives from IP3-sensitive stores. Blockade of this effect by 2- deoxyglucose and inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase implicates enhanced glycolytic production of NADH in the Ca2+ stimulation. Internal [Ca2+] is markedly and specifically increased by direct intracellular injection of NADH, and this effect is blocked by heparin, further implicating IP3R stores. These findings indicate that direct regulation of IP3R by NADH is responsible for elevated cytoplasmic [Ca2+] occurring in the earliest phase of hypoxia. This link of IP3R activity with cellular energy dynamics may be relevant to both hypoxic damage and metabolic regulation of IP3 signaling processes.
A model of emotion and computer abuse

Abstract Internal computer abuse has received considerable research attention as a significant source of IS security incidents in organizations. We examine the effects of both organizational and individual factors on individuals’ computer abuse intent. A theoretical model is developed based on two theories: abuse opportunity structure and emotion process. We empirically tested the model with 205 working professionals. We found that the abuse opportunity structure in organizations affects an individual's goal conduciveness, which in turn affects their abuse-positive affect. We also found that morality affects the abuse-positive affect, which in turn mediates the relationship between morality and abuse intent.
Acceptance of the 2006 Kober medal.

Thank you so much Ed. You have successfully appropriated my Good Citizenship Award. In all fairness, you and this tolerant assemblage should know that I lost the election for that award by a vote of twenty-two to two. My best friend voted for me and I voted for myself. The class was outraged when the teacher decided to “give it to the boy who came in second.” This was their first exposure to a fixed election (Florida in 2000 was their second). I can only hope that the proceedings that led to the Kober Medal were more wholesome.
Resident Aesthetic Surgery Training: The University of South Florida Model

Abstract The University of South Florida has established a 3-year plastic surgery residency that includes a 4-month formal clinical rotation in aesthetic surgery with the Division of Plastic Surgery clinical faculty and a 4-month rotation as a chief resident who oversees the resident aesthetic surgery clinic. This report introduces the University of South Florida resident aesthetic training model and reviews the operative experience of each chief resident who completed the residency program. The total number of aesthetic surgery cases involving the 5 chief residents who completed the program in 1997 and 1998 was obtained from the Residency Review Committee operative logs. Each chief resident who completed the program first-assisted with 201 ± 97 (mean ± SD) aesthetic surgery cases, mainly during the 4-month clinical rotation, and then performed 114 ± 21 aesthetic surgery cases as a primary surgeon, mainly during the chief-resident rotation. The program’s 2 rotations—both the clinical faculty and the aesthetic surgery clinic experiences—provided complementary and intensive training opportunities in aesthetic surgery.
Pulsating X-ray sources: slowly rotating neutron stars?

The origin of the slowly pulsating X-ray sources is considered. It is shown that tidal forces in a presupernova binary system will lead to synchronization of the stellar rotation with the orbital period. Consideration of the structure of the presupernova star then indicates that X-ray periods of the correct order of magnitude will be produced in these systems.
Sensitivity between photolytic aerosol kinetics and solar radiative field

Chemistry and transport models for trace species are detailed numerical formulations intended to represent the atmospheric system as a whole, accounting for all the individual processes and phenomena that influence climate changes. The development of computer resources and the retrieval of emission inventories and observational data of the species of interest have enhanced the model evolution towards three-dimensional global models that account for more complicated chemical mechanisms, wet and dry deposition phenomena, and interactions and feedback mechanisms between meteorology and atmospheric chemistry. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the sensitivity of the solar radiative field in the atmosphere to absorption and scattering by aerosols. This effort is preliminary to the study of feedback mechanisms between photolytic processes that create and destroy aerosols and the radiation field itself. In the study a cloud of water-soluble aerosols, randomly distributed in space within hypothetical 1-cm cubes of atmosphere, is generated. A random radius is assigned to each aerosol according to a lognormal size distribution function. The radiative field characterization is analyzed using a Mie scattering code to determine the scattering phase function and the absorption and scattering coefficients of sulfate aerosols, and a Monte Carlo ray- trace code is used to evaluate the radiative exchange. The ultimate goal of the effort is to create a tool to analyze the vertical distribution of absorption by aerosols in order to determine whether or not feedback between photolytic processes and the radiation field needs to be included in a Third Generation Chemistry and Transport model.
On Sharp Jensen's Inequality and Some Unusual Applications

The purpose of this article is two-fold. First, we find it very interesting to explore a kind of notion of optimality of the customary Jensen-bound among all Jensen-type bounds. Without this result, the customary Jensen-bound stood alone simply as just another bound. The proposed notion and the associated optimality are important given that in some situations the Jensen's inequality does leave us empty handed. When it comes to highlighting Jensen's inequality, unfortunately only a handful of nearly routine applications continues to recycle time after time. Such encounters rarely produce any excitement. This article may change that outlook given its second underlying purpose, which is to introduce a variety of unusual applications of Jensen's inequality. The collection of our important and useful applications and their derivations are new.
Combustion growth of large diamond crystals

This paper reports the successful growth of optically transparent, individual diamond crystals up to millimeter diameters on silicon substrates by oxygen-acetylene combustion flames at atmospheric pressure. The growth process consisted of three steps: (i) achieve a suitable nucleation density by pretreating the as-received Si substrate in an acetylene-rich flame (oxygen-to-acetylene ratio Rf = 0.95) for about 30 min at a downstream position (7–10 mm away from the tip of the flame inner cone); (ii) grow crystals up to ∼ 200 μm in diameter in an annular area on the substrate at Rf = 0.98 and a substrate-to-tip of the flame inner cone distance of 2 mm; (iii) move the preferred crystals from the annular region into either the central core region of the flame feather or near the edge of the flame feather for further growth up to millimeter diameters under carefully controlled conditions. The final step of moving the crystals into a different growth region was necessary to avoid extensive secondary nucleation and structural defects. The key factor for diamond crystals to grow up to millimeter diameters was to maintain the growth conditions at the growing surface constant throughout the process. It was found that the crystal surface temperature, which was the most sensitive and also one of the most critical parameters, could be effectively maintained constant by decreasing the total gas flow rate as growth continued. Both the crystal growth orientations and the amount of nitrogen impurity incorporated in the diamond lattice were closely related to the crystal surface temperature. It is believed that the gas flow dynamics, or more specifically, the boundary layer thickness, played an important role in the growth and morphological development of large diamond crystals.
Blood levels of insulin-like growth factors I and II in neonates of non-insulin-dependent diabetic rats.

Circulating levels of insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin like growth factor II (IGF-II) were evaluated in plasma samples during the first 72 h of life in neonates of diabetic and control mother rats. Diabetes had been induced in the diabetic dams by streptozotocin at 2 days of age. The rats developed non-insulin dependent diabetes (at 6 weeks of age) and became pregnant at 11 weeks of age. Maternal blood glucose levels were higher in the diabetic mothers (P<0.05) during the last two-thirds of gestation. Complications occurred at the end of 7.1% of the diabetic pregnancies but none of the controls. Analysis of neonates plasma glucose, IGF-I, and IGF-II concentrations in the first 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after birth revealed higher glucose levels in neonates of diabetic mothers at 72 h compared with controls (118±7 vs 85±5 mg/dl,P<0.05) but there was no difference in IGF-I or IGF-II levels between the groups at any time point. Thus, acquired impaired glucose homeostasis may be seen in neonates of mildly diabetic mothers at early stages of their life but their circulating insulin-like growth factors levels are normal. These data do not support the proposition that fetal IGF-I and —II affect the outcome of pregnancies complicated by mild diabetes in the rodent.
Copper currency in central Africa: The archaeological evidence

Abstract This paper argues that the concepts of general purpose money and special purpose money are useful in the study of prehistoric copper ingots from central Africa. It is assumed that general purpose money will often be associated with more complex cultural systems than special purpose money. Thus, the identification of general purpose money in the archaeological record may be an approximate index of the level of political and social evolution. Ethnographic and archaeological data from central Africa show that copper was used to make status symbols, decorative objects and media of exchange throughout the Iron Age. In most archaeological sites copper ingots probably represent special purpose money. Two sites which may contain general purpose money are Ingombe Ilede and Sanga. The implications of these findings to African history are discussed and the hypothesis that long‐distance trade was the primary force in the formation of the savanna states is questioned.
Metabolic regulation of collagen I in fibroblasts isolated from normal peritoneum and adhesions by dichloroacetic acid.

Abstract Objective: We have previously demonstrated that collagen I, a major component of postoperative adhesions, is differentially regulated in fibroblasts isolated from normal human peritoneum and adhesions. Collagen I messenger RNA (mRNA) levels are significantly lower in fibroblasts from normal peritoneum compared with levels from adhesion fibroblasts. This variation is further accentuated by hypoxia. Because adhesions provide a means of supplying oxygen and nutrients to postsurgical ischemic tissue, we sought to examine the role of aerobic metabolism in the differential expression of collagen I. To examine this issue, we used a compound, dichloroacetic acid (DCA), that stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase, causing pyruvate to be metabolized in the Kreb's cycle rather than converted into lactate, thereby switching anaerobic to aerobic metabolism. Specifically, we have exposed human fibroblast cultures from normal peritoneum and adhesions to DCA (0, 50, and 100 μg/mL) for 24 hours under normal and hypoxic (2% oxygen) conditions. Study Design: Multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of collagen I and β-actin was performed by using mRNA extracted from all treatment points. Analysis of PCR-amplified products was performed by fractionation over a 2% agarose gel, followed by ethidium bromide staining of DNA bands. A scanning densimeter was used to determine the ratio of intensity of each band relative to β-actin. Densimetric analysis of gel bands was performed by using the National Institutes of Health image analysis program. Results: Although DCA stimulated peritoneal fibroblast collagen I mRNA expression under normoxic conditions, its expression was reduced during hypoxia. In adhesion fibroblasts, DCA treatment consistently lowered collagen I mRNA expression; this effect was manifested to a greater extent under hypoxic conditions. Conclusion: In summary, these findings confirm that fibroblasts from adhesions are characterized by excessive collagen I production, which is further accentuated by hypoxia. These observations are extended to show the stimulation of oxidative metabolism by DCA increases collagen I production; in contrast DCA inhibits collagen I production by normoxic adhesion fibroblasts as well as under hypoxic conditions in both types of fibroblasts. Thus, regulation of metabolic activity of peritoneal cells may provide a target for future interventions for reduction of postoperative adhesions. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:1456-61.)
Microwave Pyrolysis of Corn Cob and Characteristics of the Pyrolytic Chars

Abstract Microwave pyrolysis is a new process for converting biomass to bio-oil, syngas, and solid char. In this study, pyrolysis of corn cob was performed in an inert environment at atmospheric pressure and temperatures ranging from 300 to 600°C. The aim of this work was to study the effect of pyrolysis conditions on the characteristics of the solid char residue. The char was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analyzer, BET surface area analysis, and inductive coupled plasma. The char yield from pyrolysis decreased significantly to 23% with an increase in temperature to 600°C. SEM analysis indicated that pyrolysis of corn cob led to a stepwise accumulation of inorganic matter onto the exposed surface, and some organic matter melted, resulting in the formation of hollow cavities by the evolving volatiles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed a continuous decrease in the intensity of the hydroxyl group stretch with temperat...
Causes of Variable Biomass Density and Its Effects on Settleability in Full-Scale Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems

Both variable biomass density and floc structure were determined to affect the settleability of microbial biomass produced during biological wastewater treatment (activated sludge). Average biomass density varied from 1.022 to 1.056 g/mL in a survey of 17 full-scale biological wastewater treatment systems with a variety of configurations. Biomass settleability was correlated with density in samples with higher filament contents and/or more open floc structures, but settleability was independent of density in biomass with lower filament contents and more rounded floc structures. Biomass density increased with polyphosphate content, and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) plants had higher density and better settleability than non-EBPR plants, including two systems that converted to EBPR during the course of this study. Density also increased with increasing nonvolatile suspended solids content, which was linked both to polyphosphate and to increasing solids residence times. Both density and floc structure should be considered in future analyses of activated sludge settleability, and it may be possible to improve system performance by adopting a new set of operational and design strategies to increase density.
Numerical evaluation of RF gas ionization effects in micro-and nano-scale devices

Micro- and nano-scale gaps are likely to occur in miniaturized and high frequency devices. Large electric fields (∼10s V/μm) may result in such gaps even for relatively small voltages commonly found in existing electronics. These strong fields can potentially induce gas discharge, which may lead to performance degradation or even device failure. Gas discharge is due to generation and movement of charged species as a result of impact ionization, secondary electron emission, and field emission phenomena. In this paper, the importance of field emission in gas discharge in small gaps for both DC and RF regimes is investigated by using a numerical-based comparison technique.
In vitro polypeptide synthesis in brain.

Abstract An in vitro amino acid polymerization system from brain is described in the present study. Using 14 C-phe-tRNA as substrate, complete dependencies on poly-U, soluble enzymes and GTP have been obtained. The activity of brain ribosomes compares favorably with E. coli ribosomes and the brain system lends itself to studies on the mechanism of polypeptide synthesis in mammalian tissues. Oxidized catecholamines in low concentrations inhibit the polymerization reaction under the conditions used.
Reentrant behavior of an in-plane antiferromagnet in a magnetic field

We introduce an "in-plane antiferromagnet" model, which is an Ising cubic lattice with nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic couplings in the $x$ and $y$ directions, and nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic couplings in the $z$ direction. The in-plane antiferromagnet in a uniform magnetic field is studied by an extended mean-field method. In this method, the lattice is divided into "bundles" of spins along the $z$ direction. Each bundle is composed of four columns (lines) of spins along the $z$ direction and each of them is imbedded in the mean field of its neighboring bundles. The interactions within the bundle and the mean field due to the neighbors are solved exactly using the transfer-matrix method along the $z$ direction. Within this extended mean-field calculation, the system exhibits a reentrant second-order phase boundary which separates the disordered phase from the antiferromagnetic phase. In the reentrant region, the system approaches a picture of effectively one-dimensional disordered Ising models surrounded by fully magnetized lines of spins.
Manual movement coordination adapted to spinal cord injury and low back pain

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) and low back pain (LBP) significantly limit personal and occupational activities. Since upper body movements are crucial to extend hand reach envelopes and maintain postural balance, coordinated control of torso and hand movements is essential. In this study, adapted patterns of coordination were investigated in SCI, LBP and control participants performing seated manual material handling tasks, in which a load was transferred with both hands from a home location to one of 4 targets in the mid-sagittal plane. Torso peak velocities are larger and delayed for the SCI when compared to the control group, while hand peak velocities are comparable. However, hand peak velocities are smaller in the LBP than control group. Hand movements generally precede torso movements for all groups, but more prominently for the SCI than the other groups. Furthermore, for SCIs torso movements were suppressed until the hands were aligned with target elevation. These results indicate that SCI individuals have developed a unique coordination pattern to compensate for their limited balance control, although this strategy may reduce their effective workspace and overload the upper extremities. In contrast, LBPs seem to have reduced movement speed while their coordination patterns are generally similar to those in the control group. Relevance to industry This study analyzed movements of persons with spinal cord injury or low back pain in manual material handling tasks. Assessing their adapted movement strategies would help to improve workspace design to accommodate workers with limited capacities and to provide quantifiable evidence and guidelines on the effectiveness of occupational rehabilitation programs.
Advanced Nursing Interventions and Length of Stay in the Emergency Department

Introduction Over the past 15 years, emergency departments have become overcrowded, with prolonged wait times and an extended length of stay (LOS). These factors cause delay in treatment, which reduces quality of care and increases the potential for adverse events. One suggestion to decrease LOS in the emergency department is to implement advanced nursing interventions (ANIs) at triage. The study purpose was to determine whether there was a difference in ED LOS between patients presenting with a chief complaint of abdominal pain who received ANIs at triage and patients who did not receive ANIs at triage. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed to determine the ED LOS (mean time in department and mean time in room [TIR]). The convenience sample included ED patients who presented to a large Midwestern academic medical center's emergency department with a chief complaint of abdominal pain and Emergency Severity Index level 3. Independent-samples t tests were used to determine whether there was any statistical difference in LOS between the two groups. Cohen's d statistic was used to determine effect size. Results Implementation of ANIs at triage for patients with low-acuity abdominal pain resulted in an increased time in department and a decreased TIR with a medium effect size. Conclusion A reduction in TIR optimizes bed availability in the emergency department. Low-acuity patients spend less time occupying an ED bed, which preserves limited bed space for the sickest patients. Results of diagnostic tests are often available by the time the patient is placed in a room, facilitating early medical decision making and decreasing treatment time.
TYPE I ON (GENERALIZED) VOISIN–BORCEA ORBIFOLDS AND NONPERTURBATIVE ORIENTIFOLDS

We consider nonperturbative four-dimensional space–time supersymmetric orientifolds corresponding to Type I compactifications on (generalized) Voisin–Borcea orbifolds. Some states in such compactifications arise in "twisted" open string sectors which lack world sheet description in terms of D-branes. Using Type I-heterotic duality as well as the map between Type IIB orientifolds and F theory we are able to obtain the massless spectra of such orientifolds. The four-dimensional compactifications we discuss in this context are examples of chiral supersymmetric string vacua which are nonperturbative from both orientifold and heterotic points of view. In particular, they contain both D9- and D5-branes as well as nonperturbative "twisted" open string sector states. We also explain the origins of various inconsistencies arising in such compactifications for certain choices of the gauge bundle.
Specificity and Determinants of Sam68 RNA Binding: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF K HOMOLOGY DOMAINS *

Sam68, a specific target of the Src tyrosine kinase in mitosis, possesses features common to RNA-binding proteins, including a K homology (KH) domain. To elucidate its biological function, we first set out to identify RNA species that bound to Sam68 with high affinity using in vitro selection. From a degenerate 40-mer pool, 15 RNA sequences were selected that bound to Sam68 with K d values of 12–140 nm. The highest affinity RNA sequences (K d ∼12–40 nm) contained a UAAA motif; mutation to UACA abolished binding to Sam68. Binding of the highest affinity ligand, G8-5, was assessed to explore the role of different regions of Sam68 in RNA binding. The KH domain alone did not bind G8-5, but a fragment containing the KH domain and a region of homology within the Sam68 subgroup of KH-containing proteins was sufficient for G8-5 binding. Deletion of the KH domain or mutation of KH domain residues analogous to loss-of-function mutations in the human Fragile X syndrome gene product and the Caenorhabditis elegans tumor suppressor protein Gld-1 abolished G8-5 binding. Our results establish that a KH domain-containing protein can bind RNA with specificity and high affinity and suggest that specific RNA binding is integral to the functions of some regulatory proteins in growth and development.
Laboratory Cross-Borehole Imaging of Unconsolidated Sediments

Cross-borehole elastic wave tomography offers great potential for subsurface imaging of sediments and associated fluids. Using this method we created a high resolution tomographic image of velocity structure obtained from laboratory generated compressional wave traveltimes in unconsolidated sediments. The image shows three layers and a water filled container located in the center of the middle layer. An image obtained from computer simulated traveltimes shows good agreement with the image from laboratory data. Source frequency was 135 kHz, velocities ranged from 1.4 to 1.8 km/s, and thus wavelengths were 1.0 to 1.4 cm. Distance between boreholes was 30 cm with about 60 cm of vertical coverage. Over 900 raypaths were used in the image. The seismic quality factor Q ranged from 11 to 25 in the two saturated sediments. Our immediate application of this method is to ecological problems. However, such a method could be applied to small scale hydrological problems and other areas of interest where fluid content is of interest. 2 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Consumerism, Sweets, and Self-Determined Choice

Protectionism paralyzes discourse that might otherwise enable progress for children, and instead further marginalizes them. In light of this problem I investigate conflicting attitudes toward child consumer choice, especially through the trope of manipulative sweets.
Removal and biosorption of C60 from water by an aquatic plant, Ceratophyllum sp.

Abstract The fate of fullerene water suspension (FWS) in an aquatic system of Ceratophyllum sp., a rootless submerged plant, under non-sterile sediment-free conditions was investigated. Fast removal of FWS from water by the plants was observed and irreversible adsorption of C60 onto plants and increasing C60 mass on the plant surface with prolonged exposure durations were confirmed. An intact plant extraction procedure was developed and the majority (>80%) of C60 removed from water was extracted from the plants. C60 remained aggregated after being associated with the plants, which was verified by 13C NMR spectroscopy. Light micrographs showed association of FWS on and in the cuticle layers.
Electrical Properties of Recycled Plastic Nanocomposites Produced by Injection Molding

Plastic recycling is a recovery process of waste plastics to make new products into different forms. Plastics are usually sorted based on their resin identification codes before the recycling and melting processes. Although the recycling rate of plastics is significantly high, properties and economical value of the recycled plastics are fairly low, which in turn limits the use of recycled plastics in the market. In the present study, high density polyethylene (HDPE) in the form of pellets was dissolved in toluene, and then nanoscale graphene inclusions at different loadings (e.g., 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4%) were added into the polymeric solutions. The remaining solvent was removed from the nanocomposite before the injection molding process. The injection molding process was conducted on the chopped recycled plastics associated with graphene loadings. The dielectric and electric properties of plastic nanocomposites were studied in detail. The test results showed that the dielectric properties were slightly improved by the addition of inclusions, which may be due to the non-polar nature of HDPE and/or residues in the recycled plastics. However, electrical conductivities of nanocomposites were significantly increased because of the improved electrical conduction, polarization and electron mobility at room temperature.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Winter cover crops influence Amaranthus palmeri establishment

Winter cover crops were evaluated for their effect on Amaranthus palmeri establishment and growth in cotton production. Cover crops examined included rye and four winter legumes: narrow-leaf lupine, crimson clover, Austrian winter pea, and cahaba vetch. Each legume was evaluated alone and in a mixture with rye. Cover crop biomass in monoculture was greatest for rye and lupine (>6750 kg ha−1), while clover, pea, and vetch were less and ranged from 2810 to 4610 kg ha−1. Cover crop biomass was more than doubled when rye was mixed with clover or vetch relative to the legume monoculture. In early-June, A. palmeri densities were 46 seedlings m−2 in the non-disturbed areas between cotton rows in the fallow, while populations were 80% relative to the non-cover crop fallow treatment, while control from clover, vetch and lupine ranged from 64 to 70%. The relationship between A. palmeri control in between cotton rows and cover crop biomass was described by a log-logistic regression model with 4530 kg ha−1 providing median weed control (Bio50); predicted A. palmeri control was 25, 50, and 75% from 2950, 4900, and 8600 kg ha−1 cover crop biomass, respectively. However, A. palmeri plants in the cotton rows prevented yield production in the absence of herbicides. Where A. palmeri was controlled with herbicides, the highest yields occurred following rye, with lower yields following lupin/rye mixture and treatments including pea. Management of herbicide resistant weed species requires diverse management tactics; this may include high-biomass cover crops to reduce weed establishment between crop rows. However, greater research effort is needed to devise weed management options for the crop row that do not rely exclusively on the diminishing array of herbicide tools.
Influenza B virus: alpha-amanitin sensitivity of replication and primer-dependence of in vitro transcription.

The replication of influenza B/Lee/40 virus in MDCK (canine kidney) cells was sensitive to α-amanitin and actinomycin D.In vitro, virion transcriptase activity was stimulated by dinucleotide primers such as ApG. The above characteristics are shared by A/WSN virus.
National Institute of Standards and Technology detector-based photometric scale.

The Systeme International base unit for photometry, the candela, has been realized by using absolute detectors rather than absolute sources. This change in method permits luminous intensity calibrations of standard lamps with an expanded uncertainty of 0.46%, almost a factor-of-2 improvement. A group of eight reference photometers has been constructed with silicon photodiodes, matched with filters to mimic the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic vision. The design, characterization, calibration, evaluation, and further application of the photometers are discussed.
Anaphylactic reaction to cytarabine: In vitro evidence that the response is immunoglobulin e mediated

A 48-year-old female developed significant bronchospasm on two occasions after being treated with cytarabine (Ara-C) by the intraperitoneal route. In this report we present the first in vitro evidence that such a reaction to cytarabine can be associated with the release of histamine and therefore might be immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated. In addition, this report emphasizes the fact that, while uncommon, severe allergic reactions to this useful chemotherapeutic agent do occur and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of anaphylaxis and related symptoms in patients receiving this drug.
Megakaryocytes put a foot through the door

Megakaryocytes in the hematopoietic niche extrude thin proplatelet processes or “arms” that pass through blood vessel walls, enter their lumen, and release platelets into the circulation. Precisely how proplatelet arms work their way into blood vessels is poorly understood. In this issue of
Scapular dysfunction in high school baseball players sustaining throwing-related upper extremity injury: a prospective study.

Hypothesis and background Though commonly suggested as an injury risk factor, scapular dysfunction has not been established as a prospective cause of throwing-related upper extremity injury in baseball players. The purpose is to determine whether scapular dysfunction identified during preseason screening is predictive of increased risk of throwing-related shoulder and elbow injuries in high school baseball players. Materials and methods The presence or absence of scapular dysfunction was obtained prospectively during preseason screenings in 246 high school baseball players over the 2010 and 2011 seasons. Exposure and injury surveillance data were then obtained weekly over the course of each season to determine whether scapular dysfunction was predictive of subsequent throwing-related upper extremities sustained. Results There were 12 throwing-related upper extremity injuries sustained in the 246 participants, yielding an injury rate of 1.0 per 1,000 athlete exposures. There were no significant differences in injury rates between the participants with normal scapular function versus subtle scapular dysfunction ( P = .62), normal scapular function versus obvious scapular dysfunction ( P = .26), or subtle versus obvious scapular dysfunction ( P = .45). Conclusion This study showed that scapular dysfunction identified during preseason screenings is not associated with subsequent throwing-related upper extremity injury.
A new stereo vision model based upon the Binocular fusion concept

Abstract In computer vision, the idea of using stereo cameras for depth perception has been motivated by the fact that in human vision one percept can arise from two retinal images as a result of the process called “fusion”. Nevertheless, most of the stereo algorithms are generally concerned with finding a solution to obtaining depth and three-dimensional shape irrespective of its relevance to the human system. Recent progress in the study of the brain mechanisms of vision has opened new vistas in computer vision research. This paper investigates this knowledge base and its applicability to improving the technique of computer stereo vision. In this regard, (1) a stereo vision model in conjunction with evidences from neurophysiology of the human binocular system is established herein; (2) a computationally efficient algorithm to implement this model is developed. This algorithm has been tested on both computer generated and real scene images. The results from all directional subimages are combined to obtain a complete description of the target surface from disparity measurements.
Socioaffective factors modulate working memory in schizophrenia patients

Working memory deficit in schizophrenia is a core cognitive feature of the disorder and is reliably associated with abnormalities of the prefrontal circuitry. Working memory deficits are also associated with impaired social functioning and present a major obstacle toward successful rehabilitation in schizophrenia. Although the role of prefrontal cortex in working memory has been extensively investigated, the intricate relations among the prefrontal circuitry, working memory and social behaviors are not clearly understood. In this study, we manipulated social context and observed its effects on spatial working memory. In experiment 1, the effects of social and asocial reinforcements on spatial working memory were examined in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. The results show that social but not asocial reinforcements facilitated spatial working memory in schizophrenic patients. In experiment 2, the effects of human voice reinforcements (with or without affect) on working memory was investigated. Voice reinforcements did not facilitate working memory relative to the no-reinforcement condition. There was no difference between high-affect vs flat-affect voice conditions. In experiment 3, the effects of direct and indirect social interactions on spatial working memory were studied. Direct but not indirect social interaction facilitated working memory in schizophrenic patients. These results suggest that social context might facilitate working memory in schizophrenic patients perhaps by activating frontal lobe systems. In addition, the possibility of improving cognitive functions such as working memory using seemingly non-cognitive methods might lead to potential remediation strategies.
Graph attribution as a specification paradigm

An interactive software development environment can be viewed as a structure-based editor, provided that structure is broadly interpreted. The user sees and manipulates complex objects at various levels of detail. Many of the implications of changes are analyzed and made available to the user as frequently as the user wishes, without a mode change from editing to compiling or linking. To help provide these services in a uniform way that can readily respond to changes in the programming language(s) supported or in the preferences of individual users, some programming environments use attribute grammars.The attributed graph specifications (AGS's) defined here are inspired by attribute grammars but are free of their restriction to structures expressible by parse trees generated by context-free grammars. An AGS deals with whatever structure is appropriate in a given application. The graph concept here is not tied to any decision about pictorial representation. Indeed, we do not care whether the user sees pictures or text or a combination of the two. The AGS formalism is a uniform paradigm for specifying the desired relations among many and varied chunks of information, some of which are changed by the user. The benefits of the original attribute grammar formalism were confined to parse trees and severely restricted manipulations of parse trees. The AGS paradigm extends those benefits to software development on a larger scale.
BRIDGING THE DISCHARGE GAP EFFECTIVELY (BRIDGE): FOLLOW-UP RESULTS ON THE EFFECT OF THE BRIDGE CLINIC TRANSITIONAL CARE MODEL ON PREVENTING EARLY READMISSIONS AND ED VISITS -6 MONTH OUTCOMES

BRIDGE is a nurse practitioner (NP) based post-discharge cardiac transitional care program aimed at ensuring prompt follow-up (f/u) and facilitation of care. Pilot studies demonstrated improved 30 day outcomes for attendees. We expand our observations to a larger updated cohort referred to BRIDGE
American agriculture and trade policymaking: Two-level bargaining in the North American Free Trade Agreement

This paper has employed Putnam's two-level bargaining framework to analyze the negotiations leading to the North American Free Trade Agreement. The particular focus has been on agricultural aspects of the negotiations between the U.S. and Mexico, identifying the distribution of coalitions and preferences across the U.S. polity that influenced the drafting and ultimate ratification of the agreement. Special emphasis has been given to how the negotiations were influenced by the intersecting of agricultural interests and strategies at both domestic and international levels.
The sources and size distributions of organonitrates in Los Angeles aerosol

Abstract The size distributions of organic nitrate groups in ambient Los Angeles aerosol were measured at two sites during the Southern California Air Quality Study. The organonitrate size distributions were typically bimodal. During periods of high photochemical activity, the maxima in the mass loadings were in the 0.05–0.075 μm and the 0.12–0.26 μm size fractions. During periods of low-moderate ozone concentrations the size distributions were shifted to slightly larger sizes, with maxima appearing in the 0.075–0.12 μm and the 0.5–1.0 μm size fractions. Total loadings of molecules containing organic nitrate functional groups were estimated to be from 0.8 to 4 μg m −3 . A principal component analysis of the organonitrate loadings revealed strong correlations with ozone concentrations and with aerosol phase carbonyl loadings.
Essential Oils and Antioxidants Derived From Citrus By-Products in Food Protection and Medicine: An Introduction and Review of Recent Literature

After a brief overview of the general production, market value, and uses of citrus by-products, this literature review will focus on the most highly refined “pharmaceutical grade” citrus oils and antioxidants that have been derived from peels or other fruit parts. Citrus oils have been used as a part of the perfume industry and in the practice of alternative medicine for a long time, but now there is a great deal of mainstream food processing and drug industry interest in them owing to the rediscovery or confirmation of some of their beneficial properties, as well their development for entirely new applications. Their roles as antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and cancer chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents appear promising.
Accelerated volatilization rates of selenium from different soils.

Selenium (Se), an element found naturally in a variety of soils, can accumulate in drainage water of lands under intensive irrigation, even reaching levels that are toxic to mammals and birds. Volatilization of Se by soil microorganisms into dimethylselenide (DMSe) can be enhanced by certain soil amendments and, thus, be used as a soil remediation process. In an 8-wk laboratory study, five soils from California and one from Germany were spiked with75SeO3 2- (22.3 mg/kg Se). Two amino acids (DL-homocysteine and L-methionine), a carbohydrate (pectin), and a protein (zein) were tested as soil amendments. Gaseous75Se emissions were trapped with activated carbon and measured in a gamma counter. Depending on soil type, the cumulative volatilization from the control flasks varied between 1.2% and 9.0% of applied75Se. Both zein and L-methionine strongly increased volatilization (max. 43% of75Se applied), whereas DL-homocysteine had a much smaller stimulating effect. Pectin showed a moderate effect, but enhanced Se volatilization rates were sustained much longer when compared to the zein amendment. Volatilization rates of Se followed a simple first-order reaction. Gaseous Se emission in the soils treated with L-methionine yielded an S-shaped curve, which fit a growth-modified first-order rate model. Although zein and L-methionine were the most favorable treatments enhancing Se volatilization, all six soils responded differently to the soil amendments.
Diagnosis of Lung Cancer in Tuberculous Patients: Use of Tuberculin Skin Test and Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Therapy of lung cancer in tuberculous patients is often impaired by delayed recognition. A series of 98 patients with lung cancer, of whom 28 also had tuberculosis, was reviewed to identify the most accurate diagnostic methods. In particular, tuberculin skin tests and serum protein electrophoretic patterns were assessed. Previous studies have suggested that carcinoma can cause reversion of positive skin tests to negative, while failing to cause the characteristic serum protein changes associated with tuberculosis. Two of 28 patients with proved tuberculosis and lung cancer had documented reversions of tuberculin skin tests from positive to negative. This phenomenon is thus infrequent, but valuable. Serum protein electrophoretic patterns were of no value. Traditional methods of bronchoscopy, examinations of sputum cytology, frequent chest x-ray examinations, and early thoracotomy remain the most effective methods for diagnosing lung cancer in patients with or without tuberculosis.
Antisense knockdown of the β1 integrin subunit in the chicken embryo results in abnormal neural crest cell development

Neural crest cells escape the neural tube by undergoing an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). This is followed by extensive migration along specific pathways that are lined with extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we have examined the roles of matrix receptors containing beta1 integrin subunits in neural crest cell morphogenesis using antisense morpholino oligos electroporated in ovo into avian neural crest cell precursors. Our results show that reduced levels of expression of beta1 integrin subunits in the dorsal neural tube results in an abnormal epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In approximately half of the experimental embryos, however, some neural crest cells filled with beta1 antisense are able to escape the neural tube and migrate ventrally, indicating that grossly normal migration of trunk neural crest cells can take place after beta1 integrin expression is reduced. This study shows the potential of this novel method for investigating the roles of genes that are required for the survival of early mouse embryos in later development events.
Effect of Intraportal Glucose Infusion on Hepatic Glycogen Content and Degradation, and Outcome of Liver Transplantation R. CYWES, P. D. GREIG, J. R. SANABRIA, ET AL Annals of Surgery 216:235–247, 1992

The authors conducted a prospective, randomized study to investigate the effects of an intraportal glucose-insulin infusion during the donor operation for ortho-topic human liver transplantation on hepatic glycogen deposition before cold preservation as well as on hepatic glycogen utilization and liver function after transplantation. Control donors received no special treatment, whereas donors in the experimental group received an infusion of 20% dextrose containing 20 mEq of potassium chloride and 100 IU of Humulin (Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN) via the inferior mesenteric vein initiated at the beginning of the donor operation. The infusion rate was started at 10 mL/kg per hour for 6 minutes. Then another 100 IU of Humulin was added to the remaining solution and the infusion rate halved to 5 mL/kg per hour throughout the remainder of the procedure until the time of vascular cross clamping. Arterial blood glucose concentrations were monitored every 15 minutes by glucometer and maintained between 12 and 14 ...
Variable temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon in North American forests

We investigated mean residence time (MRT) for soil organic carbon (SOC) sampled from paired hardwood and pine forests located along a 221C mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient in North America. We used acid hydrolysis fractionation, radiocarbon analyses, long-term laboratory incubations (525-d), and a three-pool model to describe the size and kinetics of the acid insoluble C (AIC), active and slow SOC fractions in soil. We found