cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Small-Particle Aerosols of Rimantadine and Ribavirin on Arterial Blood pH and Gas Tensions and Lung Water Content of A2 Influenza-Infected Mice

Abstract The respiratory pathophysiology of A2 influenza infection was studied in mice treated with small-particle aerosols (SPA) of rimantadine or ribavirin. Untreated infections in mice resulted in survival rates of 15% or less and were characterized by (i) severe hypoventilation (decreased PO2 and increased PCO2), (ii) compensated respiratory acidosis (increased PCO2 and HCO3−, with normal pH), (iii) pneumonia with increased ratio of wet/dry lung weight, and (iv) hypothermia. Treatment with SPA of rimantadine (21 mg/kg per day for 4 days) beginning 72 h after virus challenge significantly improved survival rate (80%) but failed to alter lung pathology from that found in infected, untreated mice. Rimantadine treatment decreased somewhat the severity of hypoventilation, respiratory acidosis, lung wet weight, hypothermia, and lung virus titers from that observed in infected, untreated mice. SPA of ribavirin (26 mg/kg per day for 4 days) initiated 6 h after SPA exposure of mice to virus significantly improved survival rate (95%) and reduced lung virus titers and lung pathology. Gas exchange and pulmonary edema in ribavirin-treated, infected mice were significantly improved over those of infected, untreated controls. The mechanisms for increased survival rates induced by SPA of rimantadine remain uncertain, since increased survival rates could not be ascribed entirely to improvements in lung functions. In contrast, however, ribavirin treatment appeared to improve survival rates by reducing major lung pathology and pulmonary dysfunction. This was probably mediated through the antiviral effects of ribavirin.
Algorithms for air traffic flow management under stochastic environments

A major portion of the delay in air traffic management systems (ATMS) in the US arises from stochastic disturbances such as convective weather. However, in current practice, the predicted storm zones are completely avoided as if they are deterministic obstacles. As a result, the current strategy is too conservative and incurs a high delay. In this paper, we seek to reduce the system delay through explicitly modelling the dynamic and stochastic nature of the storms and adding recourse in the routing and flow management problem. We address the multi-aircraft flow management problem using a stochastic dynamic programming algorithm, where the evolution of the weather is modelled as a stationary Markov chain. Our solution provides a dynamic routing strategy for "N-aircraft" that minimizes the expected delay of the overall system while taking into consideration the constraints obtained by the sector capacities, as well as avoidance of conflicts among the aircraft. Our simulation suggests that a significant improvement in delay can be obtained by using our methods over the existing methods.
Reciprocity Based Cooperation in a Limited Resource Environment

We have investigated interaction strategies to promote cooperation in groups of self-interested agents [1, 2]. In this paper, we propose a help-giving decision mechanism for agents in scenarios where agents have limited resources. We show that the new decision mechanism prevents strategic exploitation by selfish agents and outperforms them.
A 60 GHz BiFET constructive wave power amplifier

A V-band BiFET Constructive Wave Power Amplifier (BiFET CWPA) is presented that allows for a graceful degradation in operation. The four-stage amplifier operates from 52–62 GHz with a peak small-signal gain of 10.7 dB at 60 GHz. Peak output saturation power (P sat ) is 16.4 dBm with associated power-added efficiency (PAE) of 15.3%. The amplifier nominally consumes 52 mW (4 V × 0.13 mA) and the active area occupies only 0.074 mm2 of die space.
Gate-level synthesis for low-power using new transformations

A new logic optimization method of multi-level combinational CMOS circuits is presented, which minimizes both power as well as power dissipation per unit area. The method described here uses Boolean transformations which exploit implications at the gate-level, based on both controllability and observability relationships. New transformations which form the basis of our synthesis method are presented. The emphasis is on power consumption rather than on area. Experimental results demonstrate that circuits synthesized by our method consume less power with a comparable area than those synthesized by state-of-the-art tools.
Subcostal Approach to Replacement of a HeartMate II Device: Indications and Technique

LVAD therapy has provided an adjunct to pharmacotherapy in the management of heart failure. Despite great success, these particular devices carry their own risks including pump thrombosis, hemolysis, infection or device malfunction. At times, it is necessary to exchange these devices and to approach this surgically requires careful preoperative assessment and a diligent surgical approach. We describe our approach to exchanging the HeartMate II LVAD device through a left subcostal incision.
The Role of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule in the Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorders in School and Community Settings

Autism diagnostic practices among school and clinical psychologists, particularly those using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), were examined using national survey results (N = 132). School and clinical psychologists were similar in following the Best Practice Guidelines for screening, diagnosis and assessment, School psychologists were more likely to include a school or home observation and teacher report than clinical psychologists but evaluated significantly fewer children with autism spectrum disorders per year compared to clinical psychologists. School psychologists who were ADOS users were more likely to consider themselves autism experts and include a review of records than ADOS non-users. Perceived advantages of the ADOS included its strength in capturing ASD-specific behaviors and the standardized structure provided for observation, while diagnostic discrimination and required resources were the most commonly identified disadvantages.
Design and its discontents

The design argument was rebutted by David Hume. He argued that the world and its contents (such as organisms) were not analogous to human artifacts. Hume further suggested that there were equally plausible alternatives to design to explain the organized complexity of the cosmos, such as random processes in multiple universes, or that matter could have inherent properties to self-organize, absent any external crafting. William Paley, writing after Hume, argued that the functional complexity of living beings, however, defied naturalistic explanations. In effect he dared anyone to come up with an alternative to his inference to design, and hence a designer, outside of nature. Charles Darwin explained the apparent design of functional complexity by his theory of natural selection. Asa Gray, however, in essays as well as in correspondence with Darwin argued that natural selection allowed for a type of ‘evolutionary teleology’ in which design at most could be considered the result of universal principles. F.E. Hicks updated Hume by specifically objecting to the use of design arguments by Paley. Hicks argued that the apparent design seen in nature reflected order at a deep level in nature. The design argument was briefly revived by Lawrence Henderson early in the twentieth century but he ultimately concluded that design and teleology were not necessarily mutually entailing and he retracted his design argument in favor of one that he termed ‘natural teleology’. The current claims of ‘intelligent design’ have the same logical problems that have beset previous design arguments. If design is divorced from teleology and its discontents put behind us, then there is a possibility that the latter can have a place in the development of theories to explain the phenomena of emergent complexity.
Secondary structure and gating rearrangements of transmembrane segments in rat P2X4 receptor channels.

P2X receptors are cation selective channels that are activated by extracellular nucleotides. These channels are likely formed by three identical or related subunits, each having two transmembrane segments (TM1 and TM2). To identify regions that undergo rearrangement during gating and to probe their secondary structure, we performed tryptophan scanning mutagenesis on the two putative TMs of the rat P2X4 receptor channel. Mutant channels were expressed in Xenopus oocytes, concentration–response relationships constructed for ATP, and the EC50 estimated by fitting the Hill equation to the data. Of the 22 mutations in TM1 and 24 in TM2, all but one in TM1 and seven in TM2 result in functional channels. Interestingly, the majority of the functional mutants display an increased sensitivity to ATP, and in general these perturbations are more pronounced for TM2 when compared with TM1. For TM1 and for the outer half of TM2, the perturbations are consistent with these regions adopting α-helical secondary structures. In addition, the greatest perturbations in the gating equilibrium occur for mutations near the outer ends of both TM1 and TM2. Surface biotinylation experiments reveal that all the nonfunctional mutants traffic to the surface membrane at levels comparable to the WT channel, suggesting that these mutations likely disrupt ion conduction or gating. Taken together, these results suggest that the outer parts of TM1 and TM2 are helical and that they move during activation. The observation that the majority of nonconducting mutations are clustered toward the inner end of TM2 suggests a critical functional role for this region.
Building Human Capital Through Public-Private Cooperation: The Case of Metropolitan College:

Metropolitan College was created to induce United Parcel Service (UPS) not to close its hub operation in Louisville, Kentucky. Participants in the program work the third shift at UPS and attend one of three local colleges tuition-free. Stakeholders agree that Metropolitan College has accomplished the goals laid out at its inception. This article evaluates the effects of the program from the perspective of one of the participating colleges. A cohort of Metropolitan College students enrolled at the University of Louisville is compared with traditional students at the institution. Inferences are made regarding the effect of Metropolitan College on key university “quality” indicators, including retention and academic performance. This article also assesses Metropolitan College from the perspective of human capital development. It tests the assertion that the program contributes to human capital development by accessing a cohort of students with different sociodemographic characteristics from those typically f...
Ossifying fibroma of the mandible and maxilla: review of 18 cases

A clinical, radiographic, histologic and follow up study of 18 cases of ossifying fibroma involving the mandible and maxilla was performed. Differences in behavior and management according to age, location, radiographic appearance and histopathology were not evident. A wide range of microscopic findings within and between cases was evident, while the radiographic finding consisting of sharp delineation was consistent in all cases. The presence or absence of cementum or cementum-like material and various types of formed elements was likewise of little clinical significance. Finally, a potential source of the neoplastic cell from the periodontal apparatus may help explain the range of histologic findings.
Effects of calcium and magnesium hardness on acute copper toxicity to juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of calcium or magnesium hardness on the acute toxicity of copper sulfate to juvenile channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) in low alkalinity environments. A preliminary bioassay determined the 48-h LC 50 of copper sulfate to be 1.25 mg l −1 for juvenile catfish placed in water with calcium hardness and total alkalinity set at 20 mg l −1 CaCO 3 . In the first experiment, catfish were exposed to 1.25 mg l −1 copper sulfate in environments where calcium hardness was varied from 10–400 mg l −1 CaCO 3 . Total alkalinity was 20 mg l −1 CaCO 3 . As calcium hardness increased, copper-induced catfish mortalities decreased significantly from 90% at 10 mg l −1 CaCO 3 to 5% at 400 mg l −1 CaCO 3 . In the second experiment, catfish were exposed to 1.25 mg l −1 copper sulfate in environments containing either calcium or magnesium hardness, 20 and 400 mg l −1 CaCO 3 , with total alkalinity set at 20 mg l −1 CaCO 3 . Survival rates in calcium hardness treatments were consistent with those in the first experiment. However, 100% mortality was observed in both treatments containing magnesium-based hardness. These data suggest a calcium-specific mechanism with respect to acute copper toxicity in channel catfish.
Energetic electrons in dipolarization events: Spatial properties and anisotropy

Using the electromagnetic fields of an MHD simulation of magnetotail reconnection, flow bursts, and dipolarization, we further investigate the acceleration of electrons to suprathermal energies. Particular emphasis is on spatial properties and anisotropies as functions of energy and time. The simulation results are compared with Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms observations. The test particle approach successfully reproduces several observed injection features and puts them into a context of spatial maps of the injection region(s): a dominance of perpendicular anisotropies farther down the tail and closer to the equatorial plane, an increasing importance of parallel anisotropy closer to Earth and at higher latitudes, a drop in energy fluxes at energies below approximately 10 keV, coinciding with the plasma density drop, together with increases at higher energy, a triple peak structure of flux increases near 0 deg, 90 deg, and 180 deg, and a tendency of flux increases to extend to higher energy closer to Earth and at lower latitudes. We identified the plasma sheet boundary layers and adjacent lobes as a main source region for both increased and decreased energetic electron fluxes, related to the different effects of adiabatic acceleration at high and low energies. The simulated anisotropies tend to exceed the observed ones, particularly for perpendicular fluxes at high energies. The most plausible reason is that the MHD simulation lacks the effects of anisotropy-driven microinstabilities and waves, which would reduce anisotropies.
Light scattering behavior of oxide nanoparticles

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has high optical refractive index and is transparent to visible light. No strong reflection is expected from a single layer of continuous TiO2 film. In this work, we report the unusually high reflection from a thick layer of TiO2 nanoparticles. TiO2 nanoparticles of different sizes (~ 21 nm and ~ 400 nm) were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate by electrophoretic process in atmosphere. It was observed that the film characteristics such as morphology and thickness were affected by the electrophoretic process conditions like voltage, deposition time, and electrolyte concentration. The electrolyte had the most significant effect on the deposition rate of the nanoparticles. The film thickness was proportional to the deposition time, which in turn determined the diffused reflectance of the TiO2 particle films. It was observed that the 400 nm TiO2 nanoparticle films lead to much stronger light scattering as compared to the 21 nm particles. The diffuse reflectance was compared to sputtering deposited Ag/ZnO back reflectors that are used in thin film solar cells. The TiO2 nanoparticle film showed higher reflectance, making it a potential candidate to replace the unstable Ag/ZnO back reflector.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition in MoSi2

We have studied the mechanical behavior of two fine grained MoSi2 alloys containing 0.61 at% (0.19 wt%) and 0.29 at% (0.09 wt%) oxygen, respectively. By preparing these alloys in almost identical fashion, their only difference was their oxygen content. The mechanical behavior was studied by four-point flexure tests in unnotched specimens between 800°C and 1400°C. We interpret the mechanical behavior data in terms of Davidenkov diagrams which describe the dependence of the apparent ductile-to-brittle transition temperature on the SiO2 content in the alloys.
Groundwater Flow, Late Cementation, and Petroleum Accumulation in the Permian Lyons Sandstone, Denver Basin

The gray diagenetic facies of the Permian Lyons Sandstone, which is associated with all known petroleum accumulations in the formation, formed late in the history of the Denver basin as an alteration product of the formation's red facies. The red facies that makes up most of the sandstone contains iron oxide coatings, quartz overgrowths and calcite cements. The gray facies, which occurs locally in the deep basin, is distinguished by pore-filling dolomite and anhydrite cements and by a lack of iron oxide and calcite. The dolomite and anhydrite cements overlie bitumen that was deposited by migrating oil, and hence formed after oil was first generated in the basin, late in the Cretaceous or early in the Tertiary. The isotopic composition of oxygen in the dolomite ranges to s ch light values that the cement must have formed deep in the basin in the presence of meteoric water. The gray facies likely formed in a regime of groundwater flow resulting from Laramide uplift of the Front Range during the Tertiary. In our model, saline groundwater flowed eastward through the Pennsylvanian Fountain Formation and then upwelled along the basin axis, where it discharged into the Lyons Sandstone. The saline water mixed with more dilute groundwater in the Lyons, driving a reaction that dissolved calcite and, by a common-ion effect, precipitated dolomite and anhydrite. The facies' gray color resulted from reduction of ferric oxide in the presence of migrating oil or the Fountain brine. Underlying source beds by this time had begun to generate petroleum, which migrated by buoyancy into the Lyons. The association of the gray facies with petroleum accumulations can be explai ed if the Fountain brines discharged across aquitards along the same fractures that transmitted oil. As petroleum accumulated in the Lyons, the newly formed cements prevented continued migration, as is observed in shallower strata, by sealing oil into the reservoirs from which it is produced today.
An integrated multiple-substream unequal error protection and error concealment algorithm for Internet video applications

This paper presents a coordinated multiple-substream unequal error protection and error concealment algorithm for SPIHT-coded bitstreams transmitted over lossy channels. In the proposed scheme, we divide the video sequence corresponding to a group of pictures into two sub-sequences in the temporal domain and independently encode each sub-sequence with a 3-D SPIHT algorithm to generate two independent substreams. Each substream is protected by an FEC-based unequal error protection algorithm that assigns unequal forward error correction codes for each substream with bit-plane granularity. The information that is lost during transmission for one substream is estimated at the receiver by using the correlation between the two substreams and the smoothness of the video signal. Simulation results show that the proposed multiple-substream UEP algorithm is simple, fast, and robust in hostile network conditions, and that the proposed error concealment algorithm achieves about 1-3 dB PSNR gain over the case where there is no error concealment at high packet loss rates.
Automatic analysis of double coronal mass ejections from coronagraph images

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can have major impacts on man-made technology and humans, both in space and on Earth. These impacts have created a high interest in the study of CMEs in an effort to detect and track events and forecast the CME arrival time to provide time for proper mitigation. A robust automatic real-time CME processing pipeline is greatly desired to avoid laborious and subjective manual processing. Automatic methods have been proposed to segment CMEs from coronagraph images and estimate CME parameters such as their heliocentric location and velocity. However, existing methods suffered from several shortcomings such as the use of hard thresholding and an inability to handle two or more CMEs occurring within the same coronagraph image. Double-CME analysis is a necessity for forecasting the many CME events that occur within short time frames. Robust forecasts for all CME events are required to fully understand space weather impacts. This paper presents a new method to segment CME masses and pattern recognition approaches to differentiate two CMEs in a single coronagraph image. The proposed method is validated on a data set of 30 halo CMEs, with results showing comparable ability in transient arrival time prediction accuracy and the new ability to automatically predict the arrival time of a double-CME event. The proposed method is the first automatic method to successfully calculate CME parameters from double-CME events, making this automatic method applicable to a wider range of CME events.
Zoosporic fungi of Oceania: III. Monocentric chytrids

In a further study of the zoosporic fungi of Oceania three new species of Rhizophydium, R. rarotonganensis, R. angulosum, and R. condylosum were isolated on various substrata from soil. Rhizophydium rarotonganensis is a parasite of Nowakowskiella profusa and causes marked local hypertrophy of the rhizomycelium. Rhizophydium angulosum occured on bleached corn leaves and pollen grains and is characterized by predominantly angular sporangia with bush-like, finely branched rhizoids, and small zoospores. It differs from R. subangulosum by its saprophytic nature, inability to infect blue-green and green algae, and its ability to grow in axenic culture on synthetic media. Rhizophydium condylosum is keratinophilic and develops in great abundance on human hair, snake skin and other keratinic substrata. It is characterized primarily by spherical to ovoid sporangia with 1 to 30 exit pepillae which give them a knobby appearance.
Coalbed Methane Development: The Cost and Benefit of an Emerging Energy Resource

Coalbed methane has rapidly become an important source of natural gas, particularly in the Intermountain West. The rapidity of its development has resulted in significant pressure on communities to deal with its environmental consequences. Coalbed methane production often results in large quantities of water that are released as byproducts of production; in some cases, the water may inundate sensitive arid ecosystems, worsen surface water quality, and diminish underground water supplies. Noise, dust, and increased traffic; impairment of visibility and conflicts with recreation and other land use; impacts on wildlife and ecosystems; and other consequences of development have generated opposition in many communities. Particularly vexing has been development on split estates, where surface owners do not own the mineral rights underneath their property and are required to cooperate with development that may disrupt the use and control of their land. This article examines the problems associated with coalbed methane development and offers a variety of suggestions for how conflicts could be reduced and how development could proceed in ways that are ecologically sustainable.
Effect of androgen on concentration of certain amino acids in the rat prostate.

SummaryA decrease in the amounts and numbers of free amino acids determinable by paper chromatography is associated with prostatic atrophy after castration. Replacement therapy in the castrated animal is followed by a progressive increase toward normal. The relation of these findings to growth processes is briefly discussed.
Further studies on renal toxicity of PGA.

Summary1. The photolytic oxidation products of PGA could not be implicated in the production in guinea pigs of renal lesions by large parenteral doses of PGA. 2. These lesions were uniformly produced in guinea pigs by the daily administration of 8 mg of PGA (20 mg of PGA/kg) for periods of 6-10 days, and they occurred in occasional animals at a daily dosage of 2 mg (8 mg/kg). 3. Ascorbic acid did not appear to be a factor in the production of the lesions.
Impulsivity and its Relationship to Risk Taking

In an attempt to demonstrate a relationship between impulsivity and risk taking, the risk-taking behavior of 40 highly impulsive institutionalized children was compared with that of 40 children rated low on impulsivity. Analysis yielded 35 comparisons, only one of which was significant at .05. As none of the seven Pearson correlations was significant data did not support the often assumed relationship between impulsivity and risk taking.
Undergraduate Public Health Capstone Course: Teaching Evidence-Based Public Health.

The University at Albany School of Public Health has offered a bachelor of science in public health (BSPH) degree for the past seven years. The final requirement of the BSPH degree is a capstone evidence-based public health class designed to cumulate the degree program. This capstone course is framed by identifying a public health problem and creating a literature review based on this problem. The issues are selected through collaboration between the students and instructors. Developmental and analytical tools necessary to complete the literature review are provided throughout the semester. By the end of the course students achieved the necessary competencies and skills to identify a public health problem, analyze information from peer-reviewed literature and synthesize the relationship between a health issue and its correlated outcome. Successes were measured through achievement of core BSPH competencies, quality of final paper and presentation, and qualitative data gleaned from end of semester self-reported student surveys.
Study on hybrid system of MH/Ni battery and carbon-based supercapacitor

The pulse discharge performance of MH/Ni battery when hybridized with an carbon -based supercapacitor was examined.The results indicated that the hybridization greatly improved the behavior of the battery.The important role of supercapacit or in the hybrid system was experimentally confirmed.
The clinical dropout: a view from the client's perspective.

When a client discontinues treatment after a short period, a common response is to consider treatment a failure and to blame the client, therapist, or agency. Results of this study indicate that dr...
Health insurance mandates in a model with consumer bankruptcy

We study insurance take-up choices by consumers who face medical expense risk and who know they can default on medical bills by filing for bankruptcy. For a given bankruptcy system, we explore the total and distributional welfare effects of health insurance mandates compared with the pre-mandate market equilibrium. We consider different combinations of premium subsidies and out-of-insurance penalties, confining attention to budget-neutral policies. We show that when insurance mandates are enforced only through penalties, the efficient take-up level may be incomplete. However, if mandates are also supported with premium subsidies, full insurance coverage is efficient and can also be Pareto improving. Such policies are consistent with the incentive structure for insurance take-up set in the ACA. Pareto improvement is possible because the legal requirement that medical providers dispense acute care on credit, together with the bankruptcy option, yields effective subsidies for medical care utilized by the uninsured. Those subsidy funds, however, can serve the initially uninsured better when they are given as ex ante subsidies on insurance premiums.
Hugh Owen Thomas: bone-setter and pioneer orthopaedist.

Hugh Owen Thomas (1834-1891) was descended from a long line of Welsh bone-setters. He stressed the importance of rest in treatment and was responsible for many landmark contributions to orthopaedic surgery. He was especially celebrated for his design and use of splints; the famous Thomas knee splint was still in wide use at the end of World War II. Although he performed little open surgery, his logical and original principles and methods revolutionized orthopaedic practice. His ideas were disseminated throughout the United States by John Ridlon and others and there is continued interest and respect here for all facets of his life and teachings. He and his nephew, Robert Jones, have been called "the Fathers of Orthopaedic Surgery."
Molecular profiling of the epidermis: a proteomics approach.

Abstract Mouse skin has been used extensively as a model system to study the development of cancer. Recent emphasis has been focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which chemical carcinogens or tumor promoters cause the growth of cutaneous malignancies. In this regard, many transgenic or knockout mouse models have been generated in order to have a particular gene of interest overexpressed or knocked out in the epidermis of the skin. We have used a proteomics approach of protein separation using 2D gel electrophoresis and protein identification using mass spectrometry to study the molecular profiles of the epidermis in several transgenic mouse skin models. Identification of altered expression of proteins can shed light on the molecular processes that have been perturbed in these mouse models.
High-Resolution, Cross-Sectional Computed Tomography of the Normal Spine

CT has proved to be an excellent method of studying the spine in cross section. The osseous axial skeleton may be imaged without the need for contrast media. Analysis of the contents of the spinal canal requires administration of intrathecal contrast material, except in the lumbar region, where epidural fat serves as a natural contrast agent. This article illustrates and discusses normal axial CT anatomy of the spine.
Mechanisms, Bayesianism, and process tracing

ABSTRACTThis essay examines the role of mechanisms and Bayesian inference in process tracing. With respect to mechanisms, I argue that the core of process tracing with causal inference is the identification of mechanisms understood as intervening events. Events are different from standard intervening variables when used with process tracing, because events are treated as sets in which cases can have membership. With respect to Bayesian analysis, I concur with recent writings that suggest Bayesian inference is at the heart of process tracing. The Bayesian nature of process tracing explains why it is inappropriate to view qualitative research as suffering from a small-N problem and certain standard causal identification problems. More generally, the paper shows how the power of process tracing as a qualitative methodology depends on and grows from its set-theoretic underpinnings.
Measuring Nursing Value From the Electronic Health Record

We report the findings of a big data nursing value expert group made up of 14 members of the nursing informatics, leadership, academic and research communities within the United States tasked with 1. Defining nursing value, 2. Developing a common data model and metrics for nursing care value, and 3. Developing nursing business intelligence tools using the nursing value data set. This work is a component of the Big Data and Nursing Knowledge Development conference series sponsored by the University Of Minnesota School Of Nursing. The panel met by conference calls for fourteen 1.5 hour sessions for a total of 21 total hours of interaction from August 2014 through May 2015. Primary deliverables from the bit data expert group were: development and publication of definitions and metrics for nursing value; construction of a common data model to extract key data from electronic health records; and measures of nursing costs and finance to provide a basis for developing nursing business intelligence and analysis systems.
Remote-sensing gas measurements with coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering

We measure the coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering (CRBS) signal integral as a function of the recorded gas pressure in He, Co2, SF6, and air, and we confirm the already established quadratic dependence of the signal on the gas density. We propose the use of CRBS as an effective diagnostic for the remote measurement of gas' density (pressure) and temperature, as well as polarizability, for gases of known composition.
Dual Outcomes of Psychology Assignments: Perceived Learning and Feelings of Prideful Accomplishment

Two studies explored properties of psychology assignments from an atypical perspective: students’ own perceptions of what they learned and their emotional reactions to the assignments, specifically...
The Distances to RR Lyrae Variables

Of all the different methods employed to estimate the mean absolute magnitude of RR Lyrae variables, only an analysis of the Baade-Wesselink type can determine this quantity directly. The distance to a globular cluster can therefore be measured by determining RR for that cluster instead of being forced to assume that RR is tne same as that of the nearby field variables. This is important in that the field stars may have a different luminosity than cluster variables. In addition, since RR should depend on the composition (especially helium) and history of mass loss of these stars, this quantity may vary from cluster to cluster.
Macrovascular and microvascular cerebral blood flow in adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Introduction Capillary hypoperfusion is reported in asymptomatic adults at-risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the extent that can be explained by reduced flow in intracranial arteries is unknown. Methods One hundred fifty-five asymptomatic adults enriched for AD risk (mean age 61 years) completed arterial spin labeling (pcASL) and 4D-flow MRI sequences. Voxel-wise regression models investigated the relationship between mean flow in bilateral cerebral arteries and capillary perfusion, and tested potential moderators of this relationship. Results Mean arterial blood flow through middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) and internal carotid arteries was positively associated with perfusion in large cortical clusters ( P P Discussion These findings provide evidence that capillary perfusion measured via pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling is strongly dependent on inflow from larger cerebral arteries. Further studies are warranted to investigate possible alterations between macrovascular and microvascular flow in advanced age and elevated cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic adults at risk for AD.
A support vector machine approach to identification of proteins relevant to learning in a mouse model of Down Syndrome

Down Syndrome is a common disorder which causes intellectual disability among other symptoms. To date, no treatment exists for the learning difficulties associated with Down Syndrome. However, the pharmaceutical drug memantine has been shown to improve learning ability in a Down Syndrome model of mice (Ts65Dn) exposed to Context Fear Conditioning (CFC), an existing technique used in determining the extent of learning capability of mice. While the effect of memantine on learning capability in Ts65Dn mice is significant, the biological mechanism responsible for restoration of learning capability by memantine is poorly understood. One possible way to characterize this mechanism is by analyzing the neural protein profile data of normal and Down Syndrome mice with and without memantine treatment. In this work, we use a series of linear support vector machines to model the differential expression of 77 proteins obtained from the nuclear cortex of normal and Ts65Dn mice, with and without memantine treatment and with and without CFC stimulation. We use feature selection by weight threshold to select those proteins which play a significant role in characterizing each model. Per our findings, these subsets of proteins can be used to build more accurate classification models of the data than those subsets chosen using unsupervised learning or statistical analyses in previous studies. We recommend that the subsets of proteins selected using our proposed method be utilized in further biological study aiming to understand the effects of memantine on learning restoration.
Relationship between Somatotype and Motor Fitness in Women

Abstract In this study four motor fitness tests were given to 83 physical education majors and approximately 100 non-majors who had been somatotyped by Sheldon. Correlations between test scores and somatotype components were computed using the Pearson product moment method. The two groups were compared by determining the means and standard deviations of each component. It was found that the physical education major group tended to have slightly more dominant mesomorphic traits. Significant relationships were indicated between mesomorphy and strength and power. Inverse relationships were indicated between endomorphy and strength and power.
Association Of A Regional Health Improvement Collaborative With Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Hospitalizations.

Although regional health improvement collaboratives have been adopted nationwide to improve primary care quality, their effects on avoidable hospitalizations and costs remain unclear. We quantified the association of the Better Health Partnership, a primary care–led regional health improvement collaborative operating in Cuyahoga County, Ohio (Cleveland and surrounding suburbs), with hospitalization rates for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions. The partnership uses a positive deviance approach to identify, disseminate publicly, and accelerate adoption of best practices for care of patients with diabetes, heart failure, and hypertension. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we compared rates of hospitalizations for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions in six Ohio counties before (2003–08) and after (2009–14) the establishment of the partnership. Age- and sex-adjusted hospitalization rates for targeted ambulatory care–sensitive conditions in Cuyahoga County declined significantly more than the rates...
Postoperative Blindness Due to Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Following Spine Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Spine surgery is the leading cause of postoperative visual loss; the incidence has been reported to be as high as 0.20%1. The most common etiologies include ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), central retinal vascular occlusion, or a posterior cerebral infarction2. We describe a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) that caused an acute onset of blindness following spinal deformity surgery in an adult. We also provide a review of the literature on PRES and various treatment strategies. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and she provided consent. A fifty-six-year-old woman with a complex multiplanar thoracolumbar spinal deformity presented to our tertiary care spine center with severe back pain that was not responsive to conservative management (Figs. 1-A and 1-B). After careful review of the risks and benefits of surgery with the patient, she was scheduled for a three-stage instrumented fusion from T3 to the pelvis. The past medical history was noteworthy for well-controlled hypertension, hypothyroidism, and a lacunar cerebrovascular accident, which had caused transient aphasia and facial numbness fifteen years prior. Preoperative anteroposterior ( Fig. 1-A ) and lateral ( Fig. 1-B) full spine radiographs show a left lumbar degenerative scoliosis apex curve (Cobb angle, 85°), a right adolescent scoliosis apex curve (Cobb angle, 70°), and a coronal imbalance of 1.6 cm to the right. Fig. 1-A Fig. 1-B The three-stage surgical procedure was scheduled to be completed consecutively over one day. The first stage was an anterior lumbar fusion of L4-L5 and L5-S1; the second stage was the placement of extreme lateral interbody fusions of L2-L3 and L3-L4; and the third stage was a posterior spinal fusion from T3 to the pelvis. The first two stages of the surgery proceeded uneventfully. During the third stage, after bilateral iliac bolts had been placed, facetectomies had been completed from L1-S1, and pedicle screws had been placed from L1-S1, it was noted that the patient’s cumulative blood loss from the three procedures was substantial. The decision was made to place temporary fixation from L1 to the pelvis and …
Markov chain-based feature extraction for anomaly detection in time series and its industrial application

Different time series often represent different meanings, especially when time series are anomalous, carrying out the research of time series is of great significance. Unlike traditional anomaly detection methods, we propose a special feature extraction method based on transfer probability of Markov chain, so as to deep mining information of the raw time series. Firstly, time series is transformed into forms of Markov chain by a simple rule. Then, the transfer probability matrix of Markov chain can be calculated, we name it as Markov feature. Importantly, key parameters occurred during process of features extraction will be studied. And then, taking the extracted Markov feature and two simple statistical features(mean and variance) as the feature vector. Last, to verify effectiveness of the proposed method, we use four machine learning methods(i.e. k-NN, RF, DT and SVM) and oil pipeline pressure data in experiment section. Meanwhile, comparatives between the proposed features extraction with other three methods are done. Experimental results show that the proposed anomaly detection method is more accurate and effective.
Disorders of Cranial Volume and Shape

T he volumes of the three compartments that fill the skull (brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood) determine the size of the skull during infancy. Expansion of one compartment comes at the expense of another. In this way, intracranial volume and pressure remain constant (see Chapter 4 ). The extracerebral spaces (epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid) may expand with blood and significantly affect cranial volume. Less important factors contributing to head size are the thickness of the skull bones and the rate of their fusion.
Research on Design-Conscious Cultivation in Basic Art Education

This paper, talking about the design concept, clearly indicates that the design in the field of art refers to a kind of creative activities such as vision, planning and programs etc. from the practical and aesthetic point of view to realize certain purpose in the creation process. It, from the educational value of traditional craftsmanship and modern design as well as the cultural point of view, explains the importance of cultivating design-conscious and describes its theories and methods by classroom DIY and design criticism and teaching methods, with the purpose of let others know more about the issues related to design-conscious cultivation in the basic art education.
Lattice Multiplication and Division.

problems in older methods. This pattern may hold for the use of a newly revised algorithm for multiplication and division. The original historical algorithm was the lattice method of multiplication used in Europe as early as the fifteenth century and later made more useful by John Napier and his bones in the sixteenth century. Lattice algorithms are easy to teach, and students are fairly successful with
More evidence for shortening antibiotic therapy in peritonitis: the DURAPOP trial.

Recently, Montravers et al . published the DURAPOP randomised clinical trial of duration of antimicrobial therapy for patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) for post-operative peritonitis (1). The investigators should be lauded for a carefully conceived and executed trial in a very challenging and sick patient population
Multiple simultaneous head and neck cancers in Lynch syndrome: Case report and literature review

Head and neck cancers account for a significant proportion of reported malignancies in the United States; however, multiple concurrent primary malignancies from different sites are rare. We describe the case of a 44-year-old man simultaneously diagnosed with three independent head and neck malignancies (adenocarcinoma in minor salivary gland, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma) in the setting of Lynch syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first case of multiple head and neck malignancies arising simultaneously from Lynch syndrome. This case highlights the need for diligent workup in patients with hereditary conditions that predispose to malignancies. Laryngoscope, 128:2759-2761, 2018.
Animal Models for Studies of Keloid Scarring

Significance: Keloid scarring is a disfiguring fibroproliferative disorder that can significantly impair the quality of life in affected individuals. The mechanisms that initiate keloid scarring are incompletely understood, and keloids remain one of the most challenging skin conditions to treat. Keloids are unique to humans; thus, the lack of adequate animal models has hindered research efforts aimed at prevention and effective therapeutic intervention. Recent Advances: In the absence of a suitable animal model, keloid researchers often rely on studying excised keloid scar tissue and keloid-derived cultured cells. Recently, in vivo models have been described that involve transplantation to mice of reconstructed skin containing keloid-derived fibroblasts and/or keratinocytes. These mouse-human hybrid animal models display some similarities with keloids and may enable investigation of novel therapies, although no model yet recapitulates all the features of human keloid scarring. Critical Issues: Differences in skin physiology and modes of healing contribute to challenges in modeling keloids in laboratory animals. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that cells of the immune system contribute to keloid pathology. The need to use immunodeficient hosts for transplanted human keloid cells in recently described animal models precludes studying the role of the immune system in keloid scarring. Future Directions: Future animal models may take advantage of humanized mice with immune systems reconstituted using human immune cells. Such models, when combined with grafted tissues prepared using keloid-derived cells, might enable investigation of complex interactions between systemic and local factors that combine to promote keloid scar formation and may aid in the development of novel therapies.