cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bounding Communication Energy Overhead in Parallel Networks with Power-Delay Scalability

We propose the energy scalability and power-delay product scalability as new metrics for calculating and estimating boundaries on the energy overhead of parallel processing systems. Because both properties consider network topology and the algorithm to be implemented, they are shown to be effective in predicting the energy scalability of a multiprocessor in the most general case. Power-delay scalability is then shown to provide upper bound and lower bound estimates when analyzing the energy scalability of a multiprocessor while significantly reducing the computational cost of directly calculating the energy scalability. Energy scalability is an effective metric for predicting the energy overhead cost when using a parallel processor versus a single processor. Power-delay scalability is a means for estimating energy scalability on a system when exact calculation may be difficult due to variation in power levels which have become common with dynamic voltage frequency scaling.
Microcontact printing of polyelectrolytes on PEG using an unmodified PDMS stamp for micropatterning nanoparticles, DNA, proteins and cells

A facile microcontact printing method has been developed based on directly printing polyelectrolytes on a glass or polystyrene surface coated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) silane using an unmodified poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) stamp. The method is applicable to a variety of polyelectrolytes including poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDAC), branched and linear poly(ethylene imine) (PEI), poly-L-lysine (PLL), chitosan, double stranded DNA, and poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS). The printed polyelectrolyte structures, which include monolayer, bilayer, and stretched molecular bundles, are stable in aqueous solutions and have been used as templates for micropatterning quantum dot nanoparticles, DNA, proteins, and live cells.
“Ceremonial Rooms” at Pottery Mound, New Mexico

Excavations at Pottery Mound, a Pueblo IV site on the Rio Puerco south of Albuquerque, New Mexico, exposed three types of rooms: kivas, domestic rooms for both habitation and storage, and “ceremonial rooms.” One of the last was sealed and contained ceremonial artifacts. Others were rooms whose internal features (and possibly also artifacts) differed from those of kivas and domestic rooms. The presence of “ceremonial rooms” at Pottery Mound may have to do with its probable multi-ethnic composition, or perhaps with the transformation of lineage-based to sodality-based ritual and social organization in the Eastern Pueblo world.
On the alexandroff-bakelman-pucci estimate and the reversed hölder inequality for solutions of elliptic and parabolic equations

The constant appearing in the classical Alexandroff-Bakelman-Pucci estimate for subsolutions of second-order uniformly elliptic equations in nondivergence form was known to depend on the diameter of the domain. Using the Krylov-Safonov boundary weak Harnack inequality due to Trudinger, we show that the dependence on the diameter may be replaced by dependence on a more precise geometric quantity of the domain. As a consequence, we get dependence on the measure instead of the diameter. We also give new bounds for subsolutions in some unbounded domains, such as domains contained in cones. We apply the Fabes and Stroock reversed Holder inequality for the Green's function to improve our estimates. We also give a new proof of the reversed Holder inequality for the Green's function based on the Krylov-Safonov Harnack inequality. Finally, we find new bounds for subsolutions of uniformly parabolic equations in cylindrical and noncylindrical domains. The constant in the (Alexandroff-Bakelman-Pucci-) Krylov-Tso estimate was known to depend on the diameter of the base of the cylinder. We get dependence either on the measure of the base or on the height of the cylinder. We also give bounds for subsolutions in noncylindrical domains. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Soliton theory for realistic magnetic domain-wall dynamics.

The dynamics of a 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} ferromagnetic domain wall subject only to uniaxial anisotropy and exchange potentials can be described by the sine-Gordon equation. We extend these treatments to more realistic cases by adding terms due to an external magnetic field, Gilbert damping, and magnetoelastic interaction. The dynamical response of the above added physical couplings, which disturb the soliton's motion as well as modify the soliton's profile, can then be studied in detail via perturbation theory. Results concerning field driving and Gilbert damping are found to coincide with Walker's solution up to the second perturbation order, whereas magnetoelastic coupling modifies the shape of the domain wall in a way which reveals the possibility of a resonant dependence on the wall's traveling velocity.
Proximal Jejunal Intussusception Associated with a Long Tube

An intussusception of the small intestine in association with a long tube usually occurs in the vicinity of the mercury-filled bag and can be visualized radiographically by instilling barium directly into the tube. On rare occasions, an intussusception develops in the proximal jejunum and is difficult to recognize. We report the fifth and sixth cases of a proximal jejunal intussusception with a long tube in situ and outline a clinical approach that facilitates a prompt, accurate diagnosis. A proximal jejunal intussusception should be suspected if copious bilious vomiting and abdominal pain occur following intubation of the small intestine with a long tube.
The limited usefulness of external beam radiotherapy in the control of superficial bladder cancer.

Summary— Thirty-seven patients with superficial bladder cancer (Ta, T1) who failed local control were treated with external beam radiotherapy: 22 received full dose radiotherapy without interval cystoscopic monitoring and 15 followed a protocol in an attempt to select a subgroup of radiosensitive tumours. Both the unselected and protocol treated patients demonstrated the limited usefulness of external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer.
Application of HPLC and Dual Wavelength Detection to the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Apples

Abstract High-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with a programmable UV/visible detector, was applied to the identification and quantification of the phenolic compounds of apple tissue. The identity and purity of unknown components eluted from the HPLC column were established by comparing retention times and absorbance ratios with those of authentic compounds. In Golden Delicious apples, components with retention times agreeing with those of authentic catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid were found. However, comparison of absorbance ratios with those of authentic compounds suggested that many of the components that eluted in this system as single, symmetrical peaks were mixtures rather than individual compounds. This method helped to eliminate inaccurate identifications or faulty assumptions about homogeneity of HPLC “peaks”, errors that can occur when traditional HPLC methods that rely solely on detect...
Unobtrusive indoor surveillance of patients at home using multiple Kinect sensors

In this paper we propose a system for unobtrusive automated indoor surveillance of subjects in indoor environment using the Kinect sensor. We demonstrate that the features of identity, location and activity of a person can be detected with considerable accuracy using the system. Further, we show how existing design patterns can be used to create a data parallel and scalable architecture for such surveillance in real-time.
Dynein-Dynactin Complex Is Essential for Dendritic Restriction of TM1-Containing Drosophila Dscam

Background Many membrane proteins, including Drosophila Dscam, are enriched in dendrites or axons within neurons. However, little is known about how the differential distribution is established and maintained. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we investigated the mechanisms underlying the dendritic targeting of Dscam[TM1]. Through forward genetic mosaic screens and by silencing specific genes via targeted RNAi, we found that several genes, encoding various components of the dynein-dynactin complex, are required for restricting Dscam[TM1] to the mushroom body dendrites. In contrast, compromising dynein/dynactin function did not affect dendritic targeting of two other dendritic markers, Nod and Rdl. Tracing newly synthesized Dscam[TM1] further revealed that compromising dynein/dynactin function did not affect the initial dendritic targeting of Dscam[TM1], but disrupted the maintenance of its restriction to dendrites. Conclusions/Significance The results of this study suggest multiple mechanisms of dendritic protein targeting. Notably, dynein-dynactin plays a role in excluding dendritic Dscam, but not Rdl, from axons by retrograde transport.
Direct and discriminative detection of organophosphate neurotoxins for food and agriculture products

Organophosphate neurotoxins are well known as a class of acute toxins with significant immediate and delayed impacts on human health. There is a growing need for the development of simple and reliable methods for the identification and detection of neurotoxins (both pesticides and agents of warfare or terrorist activity) in agriculture and food industry. We used the ability of the class of enzymes known as organophosphate hydrolases (OPH) to selectively hydrolyze the various phosphotriester neurotoxins to develop “kinetic-mode” biosensors for specific detection and discrimination of these compounds. Here we presented an example of organophosphorus hydrolase functionalized CNT conjugates provided the platform for direct amperometric detection of paraoxon, a model organophosphate. For biosensor development we used an easily renewable nanocomposite interface based on layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled cationic/anionic layers of carbon nanotubes customized with biopolymers. A simple approach was developed to fabricate a nano-scale structure composed of alternating layers of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes upon which was immobilized either the cationic enzyme organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) (MWNT-OPH) or the anionic DNA (MWNT-DNA). This approach results in a biosensor with excellent sensitivity, a reliable calibration profile, and stable electrochemical response. Additionally, organophosphate hydrolase may be used in combination with acetylcholine esterase (AChE), to realize a new strategy for the detection and discrimination of neurotoxins from different classes.
Program practices, caregiver stability, and child-caregiver relationships

Abstract In this article, we examine program practices, caregiver behaviors, and classroom climates associated with positive child–caregiver relationships. We used the presence or absence of these practices and our independent observations of child–caregiver interactions and classroom climates to predict children's attachment security. Two hundred and fifty-six children (48% girls) from 22 programs serving underrepresented children and families in Los Angeles and rural North Carolina participated in this research. Three of the programs served only children from difficult life circumstances. Over half of the children experienced basic stability and uniform/consistent caregiving, while primary caregiver assignment and looping were rare. Programs specifically serving only children from difficult life circumstances were more likely to use relationship practices; 74% of them experienced all four practices, in programs for the other children, none of them experienced all four practices. The children from difficult life circumstances were in less acrimonious classrooms, and were more likely to be with teachers who interacted with them intensely and sensitively. Intense and sensitive interactions, and spending more time with the primary caregiver were most important in predicting child–caregiver attachment security. Secondary and negative predictors were membership in a caregiver direction cluster and being assigned to a caregiver.
Mechanisms Limiting Body Growth in Mammals

Recent studies have begun to provide insight into a long-standing mystery in biology—why body growth in animals is rapid in early life but then progressively slows, thus imposing a limit on adult body size. This growth deceleration in mammals is caused by potent suppression of cell proliferation in multiple tissues and is driven primarily by local, rather than systemic, mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that this progressive decline in proliferation results from a genetic program that occurs in multiple organs and involves the down-regulation of a large set of growth-promoting genes. This program does not appear to be driven simply by time, but rather depends on growth itself, suggesting that the limit on adult body size is imposed by a negative feedback loop. Different organs appear to use different types of information to precisely target their adult size. For example, skeletal and cardiac muscle growth are negatively regulated by myostatin, the concentration of which depends on muscle mass itself. Liver growth appears to be modulated by bile acid flux, a parameter that reflects organ function. In pancreas, organ size appears to be limited by the initial number of progenitor cells, suggesting a mechanism based on cell-cycle counting. Further elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms suppressing juvenile growth is likely to yield important insights into the pathophysiology of childhood growth disorders and of the unrestrained growth of cancer. In addition, improved understanding of these growth-suppressing mechanisms may someday allow their therapeutic suspension in adult tissues to facilitate tissue regeneration.
Properties of Supercritical Fluid Extrusion-Based Crosslinked Starch Extrudates

Starch microcellular foam was produced by supercritical fluid extrusion (SCFX) using native and pre- gelatinized starch mixtures. The starch solution was reacted with epichlorohydrin (EPI) under alkaline condi- tions in a continuous twin-screw extruder in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide. The relationship between crosslinking density and cell size and their distribution in the foamed extrudates was studied. An increase in the EPI concentration from 0 to 0.5% was accompanied by an increase in the degree of crosslinking as measured by dif- ferential scanning calorimetry and confirmed by diffusion coefficient measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. The diffusion coefficient of crosslinked sample was observed to be 12.5 times lower than that of non crosslinked control. The average cell size of the microporous structure, observed by scanning electron microscopy, showed a decrease from 147 to 61 lm as the concentration of EPI was increased. The cell size distribution of the crosslinked samples was significantly improved but the total expan- sion was lowered. The results obtained to date indicate, for the first time, that reactive extrusion of starch with EPI with supercritical carbon dioxide as a blowing agent offers a promising new technique to generate microporous foams for use in various applications. 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 107: 3663-3671, 2008
Racial Differences in Depressive Symptoms and Self-Rated Health Among Breast Cancer Survivors on Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy

The goal of this survey-based study was to examine whether aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy was associated with depressive symptoms and self-rated health among Black and White breast cancer survivors (N = 761). Results showed that among Black, but not White, breast cancer survivors current AI therapy was associated with a significant increase in the odds of both depressive symptoms (OR 3.59; 95% CI 1.01, 13.00) and poorer self-rated health (OR 3.16; 95% CI 1.06, 9.46). Presence of pain was significantly associated with increased odds of both outcomes among both groups. The findings underscore the importance of addressing not only physical but mental health among breast cancer survivors on AIs, especially those of Black race.
On the formation of Io’s inner torus

Abstract In December 1995 and November 2002, the Galileo spacecraft traversed the inner Io plasma torus on the J0 and A34 passes, respectively. Observations of electron density showed a steep drop off at the inner boundary located between 4.5RJ and 5RJ on the two passes, and a much more gradual decrease in the outer torus. The [Wang, Y.-L., Russell, C.T., Raeder, J. The Io mass loading disk: model calculations. Journal of Geophysical Research 106, 26243–26260, 2001] model of torus formation considers multiple ionization and neutralization stages for the pickup ions, and predicts an inner torus boundary location which depends on the local plasma velocity at Io. For an inner torus boundary at ∼4.7RJ, ions are picked up into a plasma flowing at ∼37 km/s (74 km/s is the corotation velocity at 5.9RJ). The steepness of the boundary and the double peaked density structure seen on the two Galileo passes is not reproduced by the [Wang, Y.-L., Russell, C.T., Raeder, J. The Io mass loading disk: model calculations. Journal of Geophysical Research 106, 26243–26260, 2001] model, which considers the source of mass loading at Io to be uniformly distributed around the moon and does not include outward radial convection. Adding this convection to the model, as would be required to maintain a steady state magnetodisk, steepens the inner torus boundary, but does so over very long timescales. The different inner torus density structure observed on the J0 and A34 passes is not reproduced by either the [Wang, Y.-L., Russell, C.T., Raeder, J. The Io mass loading disk: model calculations. Journal of Geophysical Research 106, 26243–26260, 2001] or outward radial convection models and indicates the possible occurrence of a large mass loading event in the 7 years between the passes or longitudinal asymmetry in the torus structure.
Temperature dependence of backbone dynamics in loops of human mitochondrial heat shock protein 10.

A highly flexible, yet conserved polypeptide loop of Hsp10 mediates binding to Hsp60 in the course of chaperonin-dependent protein folding. Previous transferred nuclear Overhauser effect (trNOE) studies with peptides based on the mobile loop of the Escherichia coli and bacteriophage T4 Hsp10s suggested that the mobile loop adopts a characteristic hairpin turn upon binding to the E. coli Hsp60 GroEL. In this paper, we identify the sequence and characterize the nascent structure and dynamics of the 18-residue mobile loop in the 15N-enriched human Hsp10. We also identify four residues of another flexible loop, the roof β hairpin. The mobile loop and/or roof β hairpin of several subunits are absent from the X-ray crystal structure of human Hsp10. NMR data suggest that the mobile loop of Hsp10 preferentially samples a hairpin conformation despite the fact that the backbone motion resembles that of a disordered polypeptide. Analysis of backbone dynamics by measurement of 15N relaxation times, T1 and T2, and the...
Craniofacial morphology of the tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome

Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome (TDO) is characterized by abnormal bone, hair, and tooth morphology. However, the reported craniofacial abnormalities are not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to compare the craniofacial parameters of 25 subjects affected with TDO (A) with those of 15 unaffected relatives (U). Standardized lateral cephalograms were traced and digitized. Each subject's data were compared by age and sex to cephalometric standards (Bolton, Behrents); severity was scored by standard deviations from the standard mean, and then grouped into A vs. U. All cephalograms were evaluated for frontal sinuses, mastoid pneumatization, diploe, and bone density, and cranial thickness was measured. Cranial base length (SN; NBa), cranial base angle (BaSN), and mandibular body length (GoPg) were greater in A than in U (p < or = 0.05). Both groups had longer total and lower facial heights (NMe; ANSMe) compared with normal standards. Frontal sinuses, mastoid pneumatization and diploe were visible less often in A than in U (p < or = 0.05). Parietal bone and bone at lambda was significantly thicker (p < or = 0.05) in A than in U. Variability was substantial in many measures in both A and U. The major TDO craniofacial features involve the cranial base, mandibular body length, absence of visible pneumatized mastoids, frontal sinuses and diploe, and thicker cranial bone.
Visual system of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): III. Fiber order in the optic nerve and optic tract

In channel catfish the ganglion cell axons leave the retina via a ring of approximately 13 separate optic papillae. Each papilla serves an area of retina extending from the central zone of the retina to the periphery. Papillae located at a dorsal position in the ring serve exclusively dorsal retina. Ventrally located papillae, however, have an exaggerated peripheral retinal representation, so that they serve mostly ventral retina but also some areas of peripheral retina dorsal to the nasal and temporal poles. The ganglion cell axon bundles departing from the retina via individual papillae were labelled with horseradish peroxidase, and sections of the optic pathway were examined to reveal the topographic organization of the fibers. The topographic order of the optic nerve was dissimilar to that of cichlids and goldfish. Fibers from individual papillae remained together throughout the optic nerve. Close to the optic nerve head, the papillae were arranged as a continuum around the U-shaped optic nerve, without the discontinuity in the representation of the ventral retina seen in other fish. Fibers associated with the dorsal papillae were located at the tip of the caudolateral arm of the U, and fibers from ventral papillae were on the rostromedial arm. Fibers from nasally and temporally located papillae were found on the base of the U. By the level of the optic chiasm the U shape had flattened out but retained the relative ordering of the papillae. Rotation of the nerve as it became the optic tract brought the representation of the ventral papillae to the dorsal pole of the tract, and the dorsal papillae to the ventral tract. It was only in the optic tract that rearrangement of fibers became apparent. As described above, the axons of some ganglion cells in dorsal, peripheral retina left the retina and travelled through the optic nerve with axons from extreme ventral retina. In the optic tract, these dorsal fibers joined the main body of fibers from the dorsal retina. The significance of these observations for theories of fiber rearrangement is discussed.
SEGMENTATION ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC AIRLINE PASSENGER MARKETS

The authors focus on market and behavioral factors involved in the choice of type of airline. Specifically, the paper addresses the extent to which price, income, occupation, sex, education, and several behavioral attitudes affect this choice. The data were analyzed using linear discriminant analysis. The results support the view that both economic as well as behavioral factors work to segment the airline travel market into several sets.
Spousal Communication, Power, and Contraceptive Use in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Abstract In most developing countries, despite increased knowledge and approval of family planning, contraceptive use is still low. Lack of spousal communication was identified as an important explanatory factor in the low level contraceptive use by spouses. This study describes the pathways of influence between spousal communication, power, and contraceptive use in Burkina Faso, West Africaa high fertility country with low prevalence of contraceptive use. The Burkina Faso society is patriarchal in which husbands have control over sexual and fertility matters and they extend authority over their wives on these issues and, therefore, the power dimension of the spousal communication model needs clarification. The data source for this paper was the 2003 Burkina Faso Demographic and Health Survey. From the individual recode file, married respondents were selected for inclusion in the sample (n = 9,537) and for analysis. The independent variables were spousal communication and relative power. The dependent var...
All-Arthroscopic Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Repair: Safety and Biomechanical Comparison With a Traditional Outside-in Technique in Cadavers

Purpose To compare the biomechanical strength and safety of an all-arthroscopic triangular fibrocartilage (TFCC) repair technique with an outside-in technique in cadavers. Methods Ten matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric wrists were used for this study. The control group TFCC tears were treated with an outside-in technique using 2-0 polydioxane (PDS) sutures. The experimental group was treated with two FasT-Fix suture devices. I measured the location of the implants in relation to the neurovascular structures using a digital caliper. The strength of the repairs was then determined using a tensile testing machine with the load placed across the repair site. I compared results using the Student's t -test. Results The most volar FasT-Fix block averaged 1.8 cm from the ulnar neurovascular bundle, whereas the PDS knots averaged 1.9 cm from it. The most dorsal FasT-Fix averaged 17.1 mm from the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve, whereas the PDS knot was 4.6 mm. The average load to failure for the FasT-Fix repairs was 3.7 N, compared with 2.4 N for the PDS repairs (p Conclusions This all-arthroscopic technique of TFCC repair is faster and stronger than the inside-out technique and is equally safe. Benefits of this repair are decreased operative time, reduced postoperative immobilization, and decreased irritation from prominent suture knots below the skin. For these reasons, it may be desirable to perform this technique to improve patient satisfaction.
Gastrointestinal immunopathology and food allergy

Objective To review the current data that support the pivotal function of the gastrointestinal immune system in health and disease and its critical role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of clinical disorders associated with food allergy (FA). Data Sources Internet-based literature search and our own data. Study Selection The studies included in this review were selected based on the expert opinion of the authors. Results In contrast to the beneficial expressions of gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue, which are seen with relevance to newer methods of delivery of vaccines directly applied to the gastrointestinal mucosal surfaces (eg, oral poliovirus, rotavirus, Salmonella typhi vaccines), the adverse consequences of a mucosal immune response gone astray are evidenced in many diseases such as FA. A classification of clinical disorders associated with FA based on classic mechanisms of immunologic injury is presented, which includes the following: (1) IgE-mediated, (2) non-IgE-mediated, and (3) mixed IgE- and non-IgE-mediated disorders. Our study of immunologic disturbance in patients with non-IgE FA revealed a pattern of increased CD4 + and decreased T H 1 cell counts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in contrast to patients with celiac disease, where a pattern of increased CD8 + and T H 1 cell counts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and increased CD8 + cell counts was seen. Conclusions The gastrointestinal immune response thus plays a pivotal role in maintaining protective immunity in health and a critical role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of clinical disorders associated with FA.
Antigenic determinants in fragments of gamma globulin from rabbit serum.

Peptic digestion of fraction III from papain-digested rabbit serum γ-globulin produces a variety of smaller fragments. Some are too large to pass through a dialysis bag, and these retain the capacity to precipitate with antiserum to rabbit γ-globulin. Others pass through the bag and fail to precipitate with antibody, but they can inhibit the precipitation of antibody with fraction III. This indicates that antigenic determinants of the γ-globulin molecule are carried in these fragments.
Distribution and ecology of freshwater sponges in Connecticut

A survey of Connecticut lakes and rivers revealed the presence of 7 species of freshwater sponge: Spongilla lacustris, Ephydatia muelleri, Eunapius fragilis, Anheteromeyenia ryderi, A. argyrosperma, Corvomeyenia carolinensis, and Corvospongilla novaeterrae in order of decreasing frequency of occurrence. Corvomeyenia carolinensis has not been reported previously beyond its type locality in South Carolina. In addition, microscleres of Spongilla lacustris, Anheteromeyenia-like megascleres, Ephydatia muelleri-like megascleres, and smooth megascleres (amphioxeas), which could not be assigned to a particular species, were found in surface sediments from lake cores. Spongilla lacustris inhabiting small rivers produced brown, thick-capsuled gemmules during the summer and yellow, thin-capsuled gemmules during the fall. The thick-capsuled gemmules, but not the thin-capsuled gemmules, are tolerant of desiccation; and populations of Spongilla lacustris and Ephydatia muelleri survived severe drying of their habitats during the summer.
General population theory in the age-time continuum

Abstract A linear first-order partial differential equation is derived for the age density k(x,t) of a biological population. It contains factors which are time-dependent functions defining attrition and immigration. Emigration may be included in the attrition function. The general solution k(x,t) of the differential equation contains an arbitrary function that is identified as the birth rate B(t) of the community. A Volterra integral equation for B(t) arises if the total population N of the community is planned to be a prescribed function of time. Also, projection of the population on the basis of a given net maternity function and a given immigration function requires the solution B(t) of a linear integral equation. This equation can be transformed to a Volterra type, but another form in which the limits of integration are constant bounds of the fertility period has some advantages. Some properties of solutions of the integral equation are discussed, and effects of stepwise discontinuities in the kernel are considered.
Fusion of symbolic and feature information for high-level object recognition

In this paper, we present an algorithm which uses symbolic as well as physical labels on the edges and surfaces to constrain the scene-model matching process. Symbolic labels are used to distinguish between curved and planar objects, occluding edges, background surface, etc. These are used along with physical labels such as distances and angles to prune the matching graph. This paper describes a real time object recognition environment that integrates the pruning method described above with low level image processing and high level object recognition algorithms. Results are reported for synthetic and real range images. Our results show that inclusion of symbolic labels improves the accuracy and efficiency of matching.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Translational diffusion of polystyrene in 1,4‐dioxane at infinite dilution determined with the extended Taylor dispersion method

The extended Taylor dispersion method was used to determine the translational diffusion coefficients of a series of polystyrene standards in 1,4-dioxane at infinite dilution at temperatures from 323.2 to 378.2 K. The experimental data suggest that in the context of Kirkwood's theory the Monte Carlo chain represents real polystyrene molecules better than does the Guassian chain with physically reasonable values for the hydrodynamic interaction parameter h*. The feasibility and accuracy of the simultaneous determination of the diffusivities of several polystyrene standards from a single dispersion measurement were also analyzed using a binary mixture of polystyrenes with molecular weights of 2000 and 100,000 as an example.
Persistent inflammation alters the density and distribution of voltage-activated calcium channels in subpopulations of rat cutaneous DRG neurons.

Abstract The impact of persistent inflammation on voltage-activated Ca2+ channels in cutaneous DRG neurons from adult rats was assessed with whole cell patch clamp techniques, sqRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Inflammation was induced with a subcutaneous injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). DiI was used to identify DRG neurons innervating the site of inflammation. Three days after CFA injection, high threshold Ca2+ current (HVA) density was significantly reduced in small and medium, but not large diameter neurons, reflecting a decrease in N-, L- and P/Q-type currents. This decrease in HVA current was associated with an increase in mRNA encoding the α2δ1-subunit complex, but no detectable change in N-type subunit (CaV2.2) mRNA. An increase in both α2δ1 and CaV2.2 protein was detected in the central nerves arising from L4 and L5 ganglia ipsilateral to the site of inflammation. In current clamp experiments on small and medium diameter cutaneous DRG neurons from naive rats, blocking ∼40% of HVA current with Cd2+ (5 μM), had opposite effects on subpopulations of cutaneous DRG neurons (increasing excitability and action potential duration in some and decreasing excitability in others). The alterations in the density and distribution of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels in subpopulations of cutaneous DRG neurons that develop following CFA injection should contribute to changes in sensory transmission observed in the presence of inflammation.
Effects of feeding glandless or glanded cottonseed products and gossypol to Tilapia aurea

Abstract Seven isocaloric and isonitrogenous practical diets in which either glanded or glandless cottonseed products were substituted for soybean and/or peanut meals, and three purified diets containing graded levels of gossypol were fed to fingerling Tilapia aurea for a period of 10 weeks. Growth, feed conversion and survival data indicated that glanded and glandless cottonseed products were not as high in nutritive value for tilapia as are soybean and peanut meals. The inferior performance of fish fed cottonseed protein did not appear to be related to dietary gossypol. Carcass fatty acids generally reflected dietary fatty acids. An increase in palmitic and linoleic fatty acids was observed in fish fed fullfat, glandless cottonseed flour.
Optimal Power Flow Based Upon P-Q Decomposition

The optimal power flow problem is formulated based upon the decoupling principle well recognized in bulk power transmission loadflow. This principle is exploited by decomposing the OPF formulation into a P-Problem (P-?real power model) and a Q-Problem (Q-V reactive power model); which simplifies the formulation, improves computation time and permits a certain flexibility in the types of calculations desired (i.e., P-Problem, Q-Problem or both).
Eigenvalue Solution of Thermoelastic Damping in Beam Resonators Using a Finite Element Analysis

A finite element formulation is developed for solving the problem related to thermoelastic damping in beam resonator systems. The perturbation analysis on the governing equations of heat conduction, thermoleasticity, and dynamic motion leads to a linear eigenvalue equation for the exponential growth rate of temperature, displacement, and velocity. The numerical solutions for a simply supported beam have been obtained and shown in agreement with the analytical solutions found in the literature. Parametric studies on a variety of geometrical and material properties demonstrate their effects on the frequency and the quality factor of resonance. The finite element formulation presented in this work has advantages over the existing analytical approaches in that the method can be easily extended to general geometries without extensive computations associated with the numerical iterations and the analytical expressions of the solution under various boundary conditions. DOI: 10.1115/1.2748472
Large strain time-dependent behavior of filled elastomers

Abstract The stress–strain behavior of elastomeric materials is known to be rate-dependent and to exhibit hysteresis upon cyclic loading. Although these features of the rubbery constitutive response are well-recognized and important to its function, few models attempt to quantify these aspects of response. Experiments have acted to isolate the time-dependent and long term equilibrium components of the stress–strain behavior (Bergstrom, J.S., Boyce, M.C., 1998. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 46, 931–954). These data formed the foundation of a constitutive model for the time-dependent, hysteretic stress–strain behavior of elastomers where the behavior is decomposed into an equilibrium molecular network acting in parallel with a rate-dependent network (cf. loc. cit.). In this paper, the Bergstrom and Boyce constitutive model is extended to specifically account for the effect of filler particles such as carbon black on the time-dependent, hysteretic stress–strain behavior. The influence of filler particles is found to be well-modeled by amplification of scalar equivalent values of the stretch and the shear stress thus providing effective measures of matrix stretch and matrix shear stress. The amplification factor is dependent on the volume fraction and distribution of filler particles; three-dimensional stochastic micromechanical models are presented and verify the proposed amplification of stretch and stress. A direct comparison between the new model and experimental data for two series of filled elastomers (a chloroprene rubber series and a natural rubber series) indicates that the new model framework successfully captures the observed behavior. The success of the model implies that the effects of filler particles on the equilibrium, rate and hysteresis behavior of elastomers mainly requires a treatment of the composite nature of the microstructure and not micro-level concepts such as alteration of mobility or effective crosslinking density of the elastomeric phase of the material.
Acarbose Attenuates Basal and Postprandial Insulin Concentrations but Fails to Lower Blood Pressure in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

Background: Patients with essential hypertension and the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) are insulin-resistant and hyperinsulinemic. These findings suggest the possibility that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia may play a pivotal role in blood pressure regulation. Acarbose, an oral antihyperglycemic drug, decreases hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of acarbose on basal and postprandial insulin and glucose levels and whether changes in beta-cell function result in a change in blood pressure measurements. Methods: SHRs were fed custom diets ad libitum, six with and six without acarbose (40mg/100g of chow). Fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin levels were analyzed following glucose administration (1.75 g/kg body weight). Blood pressure was determined by the tail cuff method. Results: Fasting glucose values were similar, but fasting insulin levels declined 23% in the acarbose treated group (P < .05). Postprandial glucose and insulin le...
Gametogenesis, gametes and zygotes: An ecological perspective on sexual reproduction in the algae

Ecological aspects of sexual reproduction in freshwater and marine algae are reviewed in the context of reproductive seasonality, gamete release, pheromones, fertilization success, polyspermy, part...
Centralised integration of multisensor noisy and fuzzy data

The paper discusses centralised integration of multisensor noisy and fuzzy data, which employs both Kalman filtering and fuzzy arithmetic. Because of the property of fuzzy arithmetic, the parameter fuzziness in a system under extended operation will increase without limit and finally reach an unacceptable range. Hong and Wang adopted a new compression technique to solve this problem. This paper extends their work on single sensor noisy and fuzzy data filtering to multisensor noisy and fuzzy data filtering. An example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm presented.
On electron attachment to HBO2

Abstract Recently reported laboratory data are reanalyzed. The data are shown to be consistent with the premise that the rate coefficient of the reaction HBO 2 + e − → H + BO − 2 is greater than 2 × 10 −12 cm 3 /s at 1980 K and greater than 5 × 10 −11 cm 3 /s at 2250 K.
Assay for Vitamins D2 and D3 in the Presence of Tocopherols (Vitamin E) and Vitamin A

Abstract A GLC procedure for determination of vitamins D 2 and D 3 is described. By pretreatment consisting of saponification and subsequent esterification of all free hydroxyl groups to their respective propionates, vitamins D 2 and D 3 can be isolated from the interference usually encountered from other oil‐soluble vitamins during GLC analysis. The procedure described, including the "internal standard" technique, supplies precise data rapidly, with accuracy comparable to that obtained by the vitamin Dassay method given in USP XVII.
Colloidal Iron Pyrite (FeS2) Nanocrystal Inks for Thin-Film Photovoltaics

Iron pyrite (FeS2) is a promising earth-abundant semiconductor for thin-film solar cells. In this work, phase-pure, single-crystalline, and well-dispersed colloidal FeS2 nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized in high yield by a simple hot-injection route in octadecylamine and then were subjected to partial ligand exchange with octadecylxanthate to yield stable pyrite NC inks. Polycrystalline pyrite thin films were fabricated by sintering layers of these NCs at 500−600 °C under a sulfur atmosphere.
Comparative thermal metabolic patterns in Euterpina acutifrons dimorphic males

Thermal metabolic acclimation patterns have been determined for cold-and warm-acclimated dimorphic males of the copepod Euterpina acutifrons. The copepods were acclimated either to 15° or 25°C. Metabolic measurements were made at the two acclimation temperatures. At 25 °C, the small males had a higher rate than the large ones. At 15 °C, the large males had the higher rate. The metabolic pattern of thermal acclimation is also distinctive in the two forms. Small males showed metabolic adaptation at the lower acclimation temperature (15 °C), but not at the higher acclimation temperature (25 °C). In the large males the acclimation patterns were reversed, i. e., these males acclimated at the higher temperature, not at the lower. The acclimation patterns based on Precht's (1958) scheme of acclimation are entirely different in the two forms.
Effect of Stem Cell Transplantation on the Calcium Signaling in Adult Ventricular Myocytes

Bone marrow derived stem cells (MSCs) are often discussed as a potential source for cardiac replacement tissue. Transplantation of undifferentiated cells into cardiac infarct regions has been shown to decrease infarct size and preserve cardiac function but the impact the cells have through paracrine effects or intercellular coupling remains to be determined. To determine how MSCs influence the excitability of cardiac myocytes we established a co-culture between freshly isolated mouse ventricular myocytes and dissociated MSCs. After 3 hrs of co-culture the cells were loaded with the Ca2+ indicator Fluo-4/AM and the Ca2+ handling properties of ventricular myocytes were analyzed at a stimulation frequency of 0.5 Hz. In comparison to control myocytes (ctrl) cardiomyocytes that co-localized with MSCs (co-MSC) exhibited a significantly increased Ca2+-transient amplitude (F/Fo: ctrl: 2.3 ± 0.5, n =8; co-MSC: 3.5 ± 1.2, n=4). In addition, the transient duration at 50% (APD50: ctrl: 457 ± 61 ms to co-MSC: 360 ± 33 ms); and 90% inactivation (APD90: ctrl: 1.31 ± 0.15 s; co-MSC: 1.08 ± 0.16 s) was significantly shortened. We have previously demonstrated that stem cell derived cardiomyocytes and adult myocytes can establish intercellular coupling within 1 hour of co-culture. However, in heterocellular pairs of ventricular myocytes and MSCs no change MSC [Ca2+]i could be determined upon stimulation of the myocyte. The data indicate that MSCs modulate substantially the Ca2+ signaling properties of adult ventricular myocytes and therefore could have as substantial anti-arrhythmic effect upon transplantation. It remains to be determined if intercellular coupling is necessary to establish this effect.
A framework for infusing multicultural curriculum into gifted education

Gifted education, like all of education, faces critical issues as the nation becomes increasingly diverse. School districts everywhere are challenged to more effectively meet the needs of their gifted and diverse student population, while maintaining high standards. This dilemma epitomizes the ongoing debate between excellence and equity. In particular, our field struggles with finding solutions to the persistent and pervasive under‐representation of minority students in gifted education (Ford, 1996, 1998). And once these students are recruited (i.e., identified and placed), schools are faced with a new set of questions; How do we serve gifted minority students? What are their needs? What are their interests?
The Ongoing Development of Teacher Evaluation and Curriculum Reform in the People’s Republic of China

This article addresses the joint issues of teacher evaluation and curriculum reform in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The PRC presents a unique context for teacher evaluation and development from both historical and contemporary points of view. This article has four parts: Recommendations for developing a teacher evaluation and development system are made with caution, however, since there are significant context differences between the PRC and Western countries.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis of bone: MR imaging

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 12 pathologically proven lesions of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of bone were reviewed retrospectively. MR identified all lesions, three of which were not identified on plain radiographs. In all cases, MR showed greater abnormality than did plain radiographs. With one exception, all lesions were hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. The lesions and associated soft tissue abnormalities were very conspicuous on short TI inversion sequences and T1-weighted post-contrast images. Follow-up MR studies in two patients after chemotherapy showed decreased size and enhancement of lesions compared with baseline studies.