cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure of the α1β1 Integrin I Domain in Complex with an Antibody Fab Fragment

The α1β1 (VLA-1) integrin is a cell-surface receptor for collagen and laminin and has been implicated in biological pathways involved in several pathological processes. These processes may be inhibited by the monoclonal antibody AQC2, which binds with high affinity to human α1β1 integrin. To understand the structural basis of the inhibition we determined the crystal structure of the complex of a chimeric rat/human I domain of the α1β1 integrin and the Fab fragment of humanized AQC2 antibody. The structure of the complex shows that the antibody blocks the collagen binding site of the I domain. An aspartate residue, from the CDR3 loop of the antibody heavy chain, coordinates the MIDAS metal ion in a manner similar to that of a glutamate residue from collagen. Substitution of the aspartate residue by alanine or arginine results in significant reduction of antibody binding affinity. Interestingly, although the mode of metal ion coordination resembles that of the open conformation, the I domain maintains an overall closed conformation previously observed only for unliganded I domains.
Cell–Matrix De-Adhesion Dynamics Reflect Contractile Mechanics

Measurement of the mechanical properties of single cells is of increasing interest both from a fundamental cell biological perspective and in the context of disease diagnostics. In this study, we show that tracking cell shape dynamics during trypsin-induced de-adhesion can serve as a simple but extremely useful tool for probing the contractility of adherent cells. When treated with trypsin, both SW13−/− epithelial cells and U373 MG glioma cells exhibit a brief lag period followed by a concerted retraction to a rounded shape. The time–response of the normalized cell area can be fit to a sigmoidal curve with two characteristic time constants that rise and fall when cells are treated with blebbistatin and nocodazole, respectively. These differences can be attributed to actomyosin-based cytoskeletal remodeling, as evidenced by the prominent buildup of stress fibers in nocodazole-treated SW13−/− cells, which are also two-fold stiffer than untreated cells. Similar results observed in U373 MG cells highlights the direct association between cell stiffness and the de-adhesion response. Faster de-adhesion is obtained with higher trypsin concentration, with nocodazole treatment further expediting the process and blebbistatin treatment blunting the response. A simple finite element model confirms that faster contraction is achieved with increased stiffness.
Should Mom go back to school? Post-natal educational attainment and parenting practices.

Abstract Although the relationship between educational attainment and parenting practices is well documented, it is typically examined at only one point in time. What happens if mothers acquire more education after the birth of their children: do they alter their parenting practices? Panel data models based on longitudinal data from ECLS-K indicate that changes in mother’s educational attainment are positively associated with increases in parental school involvement, having books in the home, and participating in non-academic family activities, but not with attitudes toward discipline. Although post-natal maternal education does not change all aspects of parenting, our findings are broadly consistent with the theory of cultural mobility and provide insights into the extent of socio-cultural mobility in contemporary American society.
Trust, Confidence, and Expertise in a Judge-Advisor System.

The relationship between trust, confidence, and expertise in Judge-Advisor Systems is examined in two experiments with Judge-Advisor pairs, one with strangers and another with participants in ongoing relationships. There was expertise asymmetry so that Judges had less expertise than their Advisors. The dyads could receive money for accurate Judge decisions. Either the Judge or Advisor had the power to allocate this money between dyad members, before task interaction in study one and after task completion in study two. Because Judges were more dependent on Advisors than vice versa, it was predicted that trust would be more important to Judges. Results were supportive. Judges had higher and more variable ratings of trust in their partner than did Advisors, suggesting that Judges were more motivated to evaluate trust. High confidence by Advisors had a positive impact on Judges' ratings of trust and tendency to follow their advice. Judges' trust in their Advisors was significantly related their taking the advice and being confident in their final decisions. Although participants in study two had higher levels of trust in their partners, they allocated less money to them. The implications for establishing trust are discussed.
Two approaches to determining the sea-to-air flux of dimethyl sulfide: Satellite ocean color and a photochemical model with atmospheric measurements

The feasibility of using remotely sensed data to map the marine sources of a photoreactive trace gas was investigated by comparing satellite ocean color data with result of a photochemical model with atmospheric measurements of dimethyl sulfide (DMS). A mean DMS flux for a region in the tropical North Atlantic for October 1980 was derived, using an empirical relationship between DMS and chlorophyll a data obtained by the CZCS instrument, and was compared with the sea-to-air flux derived from a one-dimensional photochemical model that reproduces boundary layer concentrations of ozone, CO, NO, and hydrocarbons measured by an experimental vessel cruising at the same location and time. Results suggest that surface sensing of DMS sources is feasible but only in regions and seasons where phytoplankton pigment is a meaningful marker for biogenic emissions.
Validating model predictions of MRT measurements on LWIR imaging systems

The predicted Minimum Resolvable Temperature (MRT) values from five MRT models are compared to the measured MRT values for eighteen long-wave thermal imaging systems. The most accurate model, which is based upon the output of NVTherm IP, has an advantage over the other candidate models because it accounts for performance degradations due to blur and bar sampling. Models based upon the FLIR 92 model tended to predict overly optimistic values for all frequencies. The earliest models for MRT's for staring arrays did not incorporate advanced eye effects and had the tendency to provide pessimistic estimates as the frequency approached the Nyquist limit.
Massive deliberation [Web agents]

Agents are proliferating on the Web, making it conceivable that their collective reasoning ability might someday be harnessed for robust decision-making. The hope is that massive deliberation power can soon help solve problems that require knowledge, reasoning, and intelligence. Until recently, working individually or in small groups, agents across the Web could barely communicate and could only reason under conditions of severely bounded rationality. Projects such as Agentcities showed that widespread heterogeneous agents could collaborate on specific predefined tasks and provide diverse agent-based services. When the tasks are dynamic, of long duration, and ill defined, however, success requires planning that is continual, distributed, and accounts for the social fabric into which the plans and their execution must fit. The authors discusses distributed planning and societal agents.
Metabolism of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) in human placentae trophoblasts and Hofbauer cells

3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) is currently under clinical investigation to assess its potential to inhibit maternal-fetal HIV transmission. To determine the activation of AZT to its phosphorylated metabolites by placental cells, we characterized the intracellular phosphorylation of AZT in two major cell types of the placenta, namely trophoblasts and Hofbauer cells. Although phosphorylation of AZT in trophoblast and Hofbauer cells is 50- to 100-fold lower than that in human lymphocytic cell lines or activated lymphocytes, both cell types are capable of activating AZT to AZT triphosphate (AZTTP) at a level comparable to that of resting lymphocytes. We found that AZT monophosphate (AZTMP) was the major phosphorylated AZT metabolite, while AZT diphosphate (AZTDP) and AZTTP constituted less than 4% of the intracellular phosphorylated AZT pool. This result was independent of AZT concentration and exposure time in both types of placental cells. The rate-limiting step in the conversion of AZT to AZTTP was determined to be thymidylate kinase-catalyzed conversion of AZTMP to AZTDP. Trophoblasts and Hofbauer cells exhibited different time-course and concentration-dependent profiles of intracellular AZT phosphorylation, suggesting that these two placental cells may have anabolic or catabolic enzymes of different composition or efficiency. AZTTP decayed in both trophoblasts and Hofbauer cells with a half-life of 4-6 hr. These results should be useful in rationally designing AZT dosage regimens to treat HIV-infected women for prevention of maternal-fetal HIV transmission.
Marine Geologic Aspects of American Mediterranean: ABSTRACT

The Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, also known as the American Mediterranean, contain examples representative of most of the types of geologic phenomena present in the world's oceans. Although these water bodies are relatively small and accessible to many research vessels, major geologic problems are still unanswered, in spite of the many data that have been collected. The tectonic complexity of the region apparently does not fit seafloor-spreading ideas. The major tectonic trends and the present position of Cuba, partly sandwiched between the carbonate areas of Florida and Yucatan, strongly influence the different genetic interpretations of the American Mediterranean. The extensive salt diapirism and its influence on the history of a major part of the Gulf of Mexico continental margin, as well as on the knolls and ridges, have resulted in many opinions on the origin of salt and the various mechanisms. Sedimentologically, major observations can be undertaken, ranging from coastal and sea-level variations, aspects of carbonate deposition and pelagic sedimentation, to origin and structure of submarine canyons and the processes of basin filling by turbidity currents. The part of each basin covered by fan deposits is large, and Holocene deposition is still impressive. Combination of geologic and geophysical studies in these natural laboratories should be promoted by the various government agencies which have jurisdiction over ocean research. End_of_Article - Last_Page 770------------
The signal processor system for the NASA Dual-Frequency Dual-Polarized Doppler Radar

NASA Dual-Frequency Dual-Polarized Doppler Radar (D3R) is a ground-based system developed to enable ground validation for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission. The radar makes measurements at both Ku- and Kaband frequencies in order to gain higher sensitivity towards light rain, drizzle and snow. D3R capitalizes on a solid-state transceiver which can considerably enhance the sensitivity of the radar by allowing implementation of pulse compression waveforms. However, the use of pulse compression techniques is accompanied by challenges to mitigate the blind zone, suppress range side-lobes and unavailability of wider bandwidth. D3R therefore employs a programmable wideband multi-channel digital receiver which implements a novel waveform to check the undesired consequences of pulse compression and meet unique requirements of D3R system. This paper discusses various considerations and challenges for design and realization of system requirements for the D3R system by employing several novel radar signal processing algorithms.
Quantity and Quality of Free Oil Recovered from Enzymatically Disrupted Soybean Oleosomes

The operational variables impacting the quantity and quality of free oil recovered from isolated soybean oleosomes by enzymatic extraction were evaluated to optimize this process. Those variables were: protease concentration (0–2.5%), protease hydrolysis time (3 vs. 18 h), and slurry destabilization time (30 min vs. 3 h). Analysis of interactions between these variables and the yield of free oil revealed that the protease concentration was the most significant variable. The quantity of free oil extracted by using 3 h of oleosomes hydrolysis and 30 min of slurry destabilization was not significantly different from that using 18 h of oleosomes hydrolysis and 3 h of slurry destabilization. The optimum conditions, 0.5% Protex 6L, 3 h of hydrolysis, and 30 min of destabilization, resulted in 90% free oil. Oils extracted by the aqueous process had a fatty acid composition similar to conventional hexane-based process with oxidative stability indices ranging from 9 to 12 h. Enzyme assisted aqueous extraction resulted in a high quality oil which has 88% less free fatty acids than hexane-extracted oil. The optimal conditions generated 85.5% soybean storage proteins in skim with peptides smaller than 6.5 kDa and the degree of hydrolysis of 19.5%. The present study demonstrates that oil can be extracted from soybeans efficiently without hexane or other petroleum solvents.
The effect of strain of rats on the acquisition of discriminated avoidance response

Twenty naive female hooded rats were trained in a lever-pressing apparatus under a discriminated avoidance procedure in a single 4 hr. session. Ten Ss were derived from a laboratory where brother-sister mating had been enforced for 45 generations over 19 years (Group G); 10 Ss were derived from a laboratory where random within-colony breeding had been used for 37 years (Group MRC). The groups differed in terms of variance between Ss but not in terms of the mean rate of acquiring the avoidance response, the pure strain showing a significantly smaller between-S variance. (p <.01)
Physical Compatibility of Sodium Glycerophosphate and Calcium Gluconate in Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition Solutions.

Background: The solubility of inorganic calcium and phosphate in parenteral solutions can be complicated in pediatrics due to the dosing of calcium and phosphorus at the saturation point. The purpose of this study was to test the solubility of sodium glycerophosphate (NaGP) with calcium gluconate in pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions. Methods: Five PN solutions were compounded by adding calcium gluconate at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mEq/L and corresponding concentrations of NaGP at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mmol/L. Each of the 5 solutions was compounded using 1.5% and 4% amino acids, cysteines, and lipids. Compatibility was evaluated by visual inspection (precipitation, haze, and color change). Solutions were evaluated microscopically for any microcrystals and measured by a turbidimeter for changes in turbidity. Solutions were further analyzed using United States Pharmacopeia 788 standards. Six hundred seventy-one PN solutions were compounded at various concentrations and evaluated for visual stabili...
Understanding Human–Landscape Interactions in the “Anthropocene”

This article summarizes the primary outcomes of an interdisciplinary workshop in 2010, sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation, focused on developing key questions and integrative themes for advancing the science of human–landscape systems. The workshop was a response to a grand challenge identified recently by the U.S. National Research Council (2010a)—“How will Earth’s surface evolve in the “Anthropocene?”—suggesting that new theories and methodological approaches are needed to tackle increasingly complex human–landscape interactions in the new era. A new science of human–landscape systems recognizes the interdependence of hydro-geomorphological, ecological, and human processes and functions. Advances within a range of disciplines spanning the physical, biological, and social sciences are therefore needed to contribute toward interdisciplinary research that lies at the heart of the science. Four integrative research themes were identified—thresholds/tipping points, time scales and time lags, spatial scales and boundaries, and feedback loops—serving as potential focal points around which theory can be built for human–landscape systems. Implementing the integrative themes requires that the research communities: (1) establish common metrics to describe and quantify human, biological, and geomorphological systems; (2) develop new ways to integrate diverse data and methods; and (3) focus on synthesis, generalization, and meta-analyses, as individual case studies continue to accumulate. Challenges to meeting these needs center on effective communication and collaboration across diverse disciplines spanning the natural and social scientific divide. Creating venues and mechanisms for sustained focused interdisciplinary collaborations, such as synthesis centers, becomes extraordinarily important for advancing the science.
Properties of buckytubes and derivatives

Abstract The structural, magnetic, and transport properties of bundles of buckytubes (buckybundles) have been studied. High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) images have revealed the detailed structural properties and the growth pattern of buckytubes and their derivatives. The magnetic susceptibility of a bulk sample of buckybundles is −10.75 × 10 −6 emu/g for the magnetic field parallel to the bundle axes, which is approximately 1.1 times the perpendicular value and 30 times larger than that of C 60 . The magnetoresistance (MR) and Hall coefficient measurements on the buckybundles show a negative MR at low temperature and a positive MR at a temperature above 60 K and a nearly linear increase in conductivity with temperature. The results show that a buckybundle may best be described as a semimetal. Using a stable glow discharge, buckybundles with remarkably large diameters (up to 200 μm) have been synthesized. These bundles are evenly spaced, parallel, and occupy the entire central region of a deposited rod. HREM images revealed higher yield and improved quality buckytubes produced by this technique compared to those produced by a conventional arc discharge.
Response Properties of a Sensory Hair Excised from Venus's Flytrap

Multicellular sensory hairs were excised from the leaf of Venus's flytrap, and the sensory cells were identified by a destructive dissection technique. The sensory layer includes a radially symmetrical rosette of 20–30 apparently identical cells, and the sensory cells are organized in a plane normal to the long axis of the sensory hair. The sensory cells were probed with intracellular glass electrodes. The resting membrane potential was about -80 mv, and the response to a mechanical stimulus consisted of a graded response and an "action potential." The action potential appears to be similar to the action potential which propagates over the surface of the leaf. In the absence of stimulation, the upper and lower membranes of a single sensory cell behave in an electrically symmetrical fashion. Upon stimulation, however, the upper and lower membranes become electrically asymmetrical. Limiting values for the response asymmetry were calculated on the hypothesis of an electrical model consistent with the histology of the sensory cells.
Entering and exiting a teacher preparation program: What happens in between?

In determining whether graduates of the Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) Program at Southern Oregon University were developing the necessary knowledge, skills, and dispositions to teach, faculty members found themselves examining their own practice. This is just what Goodlad (1988) suggested we do: clarify our own beliefs in order to better understand our teacher preparation program. We discovered that the development of the MAT program is primarily shaped by the people who teach within the program. Who we are as people, influences who we are as teachers and, who we are as teachers influences the nature of the teacher preparation program. This discovery underscored the importance of our efforts to steward the development of our students’ personhood as well as their knowledge and skills.
Treatment of experimental osteomyelitis with antibiotic‐impregnated bone graft substitute

The model of Norden was used to induce osteomyelitis in the left tibia of New Zealand White rabbits. Twenty-one days following inoculation, the animals had primary debridement and then were randomized into one of three treatment groups. Group I received no additional treatment; in Group II, plain hydroxyapatite beads were packed into the defect; and in Group III, gentamicin crobefat-loaded hydroxyapatite beads were packed into the defect. The animals were observed for 40 days after the primary debridement and then were killed. The intensity of infection was determined by swab cultures and quantitative bacterial cultures of the debrided material. At primary debridement, all of the animals in each group were equally infected. At the time of secondary debridement, only the animals in Group III had a statistically significant reduction in infection (p < 0.001). In this study, we demonstrated that an antibiotic-loaded osteoinductive ceramic bead can effectively eliminate bacteria from an osteomyelitic cavity.
Aberrant dolichol chain lengths as biomarkers for retinitis pigmentosa caused by impaired dolichol biosynthesis

We observed a characteristic shortening of plasma and urinary dolichols in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients carrying K42E and T206A mutations in the dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthase (DHDDS) gene, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Dolichol-18 (D18) became the dominant dolichol species in patients instead of dolichol-19 (D19) in normal individuals. The D18/D19 ratio was calculated and used as an index of dolichol length distribution. K42E/K42E and K42E/T206A patients have significantly higher plasma and urinary D18/D19 ratios than K42E and T206A carriers. The ratios of carriers are significantly higher than normal individuals. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis shows that plasma and urinary D18/D19 ratios can unambiguously discriminate patients from carriers, and carriers from normal individuals. Dolichol analysis also provides evidence that the T206A mutation is RP-causative. The methodologies and procedures used for dolichol profiling are reliable, high throughput, and cost effective. Dolichol profiling, complementary to genotyping, can be readily adapted as a test in the clinic not only for the diagnosis of patients but also for identification of carriers with DHDDS or other genetic mutations that may impair dolichol biosynthesis.
Learning, positioning, and tracking visual appearance

The problem of vision-based robot positioning and tracking is addressed. A general learning algorithm is presented for determining the mapping between robot position and object appearance. The robot is first moved through several displacements with respect to its desired position, and a large set of object images is acquired. This image set is compressed using principal component analysis to obtain a four-dimensional subspace. Variations in object images due to robot displacements are represented as a compact parametrized manifold in the subspace. While positioning or tracking, errors in end-effector coordinates are efficiently computed from a single brightness image using the parametric manifold representation. The learning component enables accurate visual control without any prior hand-eye calibration. Several experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the practical feasibility of the proposed positioning/tracking approach and its relevance to industrial applications. >
Amounts of Aortic Atherosclerosis in Patients With Aortic Stenosis as Determined by Transesophageal Echocardiography

We quantified the graded amounts of aortic atherosclerosis (AA) in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) to better delineate the need for preprocedural risk stratification. Complex AA is strongly related to embolic events, especially during open heart surgery and catheterization. Despite the frequency of these procedures in patients with AS and the increased prevalence of atherosclerosis, current guidelines do not recommend screening for AA. Patients with concomitant transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiograms were retrospectively identified. AS and AA were graded by expert reviewers as mild, moderate, and severe according to established guidelines. Three hundred sixty patients (212 men, mean age 69 ± 14 years) were identified, 186 (52%) without AS, 82 (23%) with mild AS, 55 (15%) with moderate AS, and 37 (10%) with severe AS. There was a strong graded positive association between AA and AS (p
Silicon VLSI trends - what else besides scaling CMOS to its limit?

Silicon CMOS is fast reaching its scaling limits. Nonetheless, silicon CMOS will remain the backbone technology for all digital designs. While attempts to extend the limits of CMOS will continue, there will also be increasing focus on other silicon technologies that can contribute significantly to system performance. Large amounts of high-performance on-chip memory are needed to minimize the performance penalty caused by the finite size of the cache memory. Large amounts of low-power NVRAM are needed for data storage in systems where magnetic disk storage is not available. High-performance and low-power mixed-signal technology is needed for wireless systems. Also, a truly non-volatile RAM could be a game changer to system designers.
Particle impact on metal substrates with application to foreign object damage to aircraft engines

Foreign object damage (FOD) occurs when hard, millimeter-sized objects such as gravel or sand are ingested into aircraft jet engines. Particles impacting turbine blades at velocities up to about 300 m=s produce small indentation craters which can become sites for fatigue crack initiation, severely limiting the lifetime of the blade. A framework for analyzing FOD and its e5ect on fatigue cracking is established in this paper. Finite element analysis is used to determine the residual stresses and geometric stress concentration resulting from FOD. The roles of material rate sensitivity and inertia are delineated. The most important non-dimensional parameters governing impact indents are identi7ed, signi7cantly reducing the set of independent parameters. The second step in the analysis focuses on the potency of cracks emerging from critical locations at the indents. The results have been used to address the question: When and to what extent do the residual stresses and stress concentration caused by FOD reduce the critical crack size associated with threshold fatigue crack growth? For deep indents, it is found that elastic stress concentration is the dominant factor in reducing critical crack threshold when the applied cyclic load ratio, R, is large, otherwise the residual stresses are also important. Comparisons with a set of experiments conducted in parallel with the theory show that the numerical approach can account for various phenomena observed in practice. ? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Networks of Action in Catastrophic Events: The 11 March 2011 Tohoku-Oki Disasters

The 11 March 2011 Tohoku-oki, Japan, earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear reactor disasters shattered existing plans for decision making, preparedness, and response operations under conditions of uncer...
Occupant Pose and Location Detect for Intelligent Airbag System Based on Computer Vision

Airbag deployments during automobile accidents can cause injury and even death if the occupant is an improper size or in an improper position. Because of this, steps have been taken to make airbag deployment safer by adding adaptive deployment decision capabilities. This paper presents a new method to obtain occupants' pose and location by using a CCD camera fixed in a cabin. The face location is the target of our initial focus, as it provides a good estimate of the occupant's head position and is the most critical part of the body in airbag deployment. The occupants' head locations are detected through obtaining their face position. First, establish criterion templates to represent different size of occupants, that is, children, the 5th percentage of female, the 50th percentage of male and the 90th percentage of male. Then compare the occupants' stature with the criterion templates. The airbag can be fully deployed, partially deployed or nor deployed at all according to occupants' size and location. This arithmetic has the advantage of simple, accuracy, real time and less sensitive to illumination. Experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the proposed approach is better. The total correct classification rate is 96.5%. It has great significance to maximum protect occupants' lives according to occupants' stature to control the deployment of airbag.
A Penalized Likelihood Approach for Bivariate Conditional Normal Models for Dynamic Co-expression Analysis

Gene co-expressions have been widely used in the analysis of microarray gene expression data. However, the co-expression patterns between two genes can be mediated by cellular states, as reflected by expression of other genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and activity of protein kinases. In this paper, we introduce a bivariate conditional normal model for identifying the variables that can mediate the co-expression patterns between two genes. Based on this model, we introduce a likelihood ratio test and a penalized likelihood procedure for identifying the mediators that affect gene co-expression patterns. We propose an efficient computational algorithm based on iterative reweighted least squares and cyclic coordinate descent and have shown that when the tuning parameter in the penalized likelihood is appropriately selected, such a procedure has the oracle property in selecting the variables. We present simulation results to compare with existing methods and show that the likelihood ratio-based approach can perform similarly or better than the existing method of liquid association and the penalized likelihood procedure can be quite effective in selecting the mediators. We apply the proposed method to yeast gene expression data in order to identify the kinases or single nucleotide polymorphisms that mediate the co-expression patterns between genes.
Self-Assembly Processes for Organic Led Transport Layers and Electrode Passivation

This contribution describes the use of self-limiting siloxane chemisoroption processes to self-assemble building blocks for the modification of vacuum-deposited organic LED (OLED) devices. One approach consists of the use of self-assembling OLED hole transport materials for application in hybrid self-assembled + vapor deposited two-layer devices. Another approach involves the application of self-limiting, chemisorptive self-assembly techniques to introduce thin dielectric films between the anode and hole transport layer of a vapor deposited two-layer OLED device.
Orthotics and Prosthetics in Rehabilitation, ed 2

Lusardi MM, Nielsen CC, eds. St Louis, MO 63146, Saunders, 2007, hardcover, 903 pp, illus, ISBN: 0-7506-7479-2, $89. This comprehensive text on the use of orthoses and prostheses is designed for physical therapists and occupational therapists. Contributors include physical therapists, occupational therapists, orthotists, prosthetists, and physicians. The book provides learning objectives for each chapter. Each chapter is well referenced and provides the current evidence, where available. A variety of case studies that use an evidence-based approach are interspersed in many of the chapters to demonstrate various concepts. The text is divided into 3 parts. Part …
Preparation and Use of Lithium Acetylide: 1‐Methyl‐2‐ethynyl‐endo‐3,3‐dimethyl‐2‐norbornanol

Preparation and use of lithium acetylide: 1-methyl-2-ethynyl-endo-3,3-dimethyl-2-norbornanol product: 1-Methyl-2-ethynyl-endo-3,3-dimethyl-2-norbornanol Keywords: addition, to CO; grignard and related reactions; grignard and related reactions; metalation reactions, lithium; assay methods, for butyllithium, with 2,5-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol; lithium acetylide; tetrahydrofuran; acetylene, purifying and handling; acetylene, purifying and handling; benzene; apparatus, to prepare solution of acetylene in THF
The core and unique proteins of haloarchaea

Since the first genome of a halophilic archaeon was sequenced in 2000, biologists have been advancing the understanding of genomic characteristics that allow for survival in the harsh natural environments of these organisms. An increase in protein acidity and GC-bias in the genome have been implicated as factors in tolerance to extreme salinity, desiccation, and high solar radiation. However, few previous attempts have been made to identify novel genes that would permit survival in such extreme conditions. With the recent release of several new complete haloarchaeal genome sequences, we have conducted a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis focusing on the identification of unique haloarchaeal conserved proteins that likely play key roles in environmental adaptation. Using bioinformatic methods, we have clustered 31,312 predicted proteins from nine haloarchaeal genomes into 4,455 haloarchaeal orthologous groups (HOGs). We assigned likely functions by association with established COG and KOG databases in NCBI. After identifying homologs in four additional haloarchaeal genomes, we determined that there were 784 core haloarchaeal protein clusters (cHOGs), of which 83 clusters were found primarily in haloarchaea. Further analysis found that 55 clusters were truly unique (tucHOGs) to haloarchaea and qualify as signature proteins while 28 were nearly unique (nucHOGs), the vast majority of which were coded for on the haloarchaeal chromosomes. Of the signature proteins, only one example with any predicted function, Ral, involved in desiccation/radiation tolerance in Halobacterium sp. NRC-1, was identified. Among the core clusters, 33% was predicted to function in metabolism, 25% in information transfer and storage, 10% in cell processes and signaling, and 22% belong to poorly characterized or general function groups. Our studies have established conserved groups of nearly 800 protein clusters present in all haloarchaea, with a subset of 55 which are predicted to be accessory proteins that may be critical or essential for success in an extreme environment. These studies support core and signature genes and proteins as valuable concepts for understanding phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of coherent groups of organisms.
Patterns of Competence and Adjustment among Adolescents from Authoritative, Authoritarian, Indulgent, and Neglectful Families

In order to test Maccoby and Martin's revision of Baumrind's conceptual framework, the families of approximately 4,100 14-18-year-olds were classified into 1 of 4 groups (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful) on the basis of the adolescents' ratings of their parents on 2 dimensions: acceptance/involvement and strictness/supervision. The youngsters were then contrasted along 4 sets of outcomes: psychosocial development, school achievement, internalized distress, and problem behavior. Results indicate that adolescents who characterize their parents as authoritative score highest on measures of psychosocial competence and lowest on measures of psychological and behavioral dysfunction; the reverse is true for adolescents who describe their parents as neglectful. Adolescents whose parents are characterized as authoritarian score reasonably well on measures indexing obedience and conformity to the standards of adults but have relatively poorer self-conceptions than other youngsters. In contrast, adolescents from indulgent homes evidence a strong sense of self-confidence but report a higher frequency of substance abuse and school misconduct and are less engaged in school. The results provide support for Maccoby and Martin's framework and indicate the need to distinguish between two types of "permissive" families: those that are indulgent and those that are neglectful.
COMMUTATIVE RINGS WHOSE ELEMENTS ARE A SUM OF A UNIT AND IDEMPOTENT

ABSTRACT As defined by Nicholson a (noncommutative) ring is a clean ring if every element of is a sum of a unit and an idempotent. Let be a commutative ring with identity. We define to be a uniquely clean ring if every element of can be written uniquely as the sum of a unit and an idempotent. Examples of clean rings (uniquely clean rings) include von Neumann regular rings (Boolean rings) and quasilocal rings (with residue field ). A ring is a clean ring or uniquely clean ring if and only if is. So every zero-dimensional ring is a clean ring, but a zero-dimensional ring is a uniquely clean ring if and only if is a Boolean ring.
A computational infrastructure for reliable computer simulations

The reliability of computer simulations of physical events or of engineering systems has emerged as the single most critical issue facing advancements in computational engineering and science. Without concrete and quantifiable measures of reliability, the confidence and usefulness of computer predictions are severely limited and the value of computer simulation, in general, is greatly diminished. This paper describes a mathematical and computational infrastructure for the systematic validation of computer simulations of complex physical systems and presents procedures for the integration of computer-based verification and validation processes into simulations. A general class of applications characterized by variational boundary-value problems in continuum mechanics is considered, but the approach is valid for virtually all types of models used in simulations. To simulate a particular feature or attribute of a physical event, four basic concepts are used: 1) hierarchical modeling and a posteriori estimation of modeling error, 2) a posteriori error estimation of approximation error, 3) quantification of uncertainty in the data and in the predicted response, and 4) the development of dynamic a data management paradigm, based on code composition of associated code interfaces and use of annotated source code. The result is a computational framework for computing bounds on, and estimating accuracy of, computer predictions of user-specified features of the response of physical systems.
A Case of Insanity: Diagnostic Relevance in the Shadow of Columbine

> What is naming? Is it an event which we can study as we study other events in natural history, such as solar eclipses, glandular secretions … ? In leaving it at that, we only succeed in concealing, rather than clarifying, a most mysterious happening.[1][1]—Walker Percy As director of a
Prolonged antibiotic treatment did not relieve chronic symptoms in Lyme disease.

Source Citation Klempner MS, Hu LT, Evans J, et al. Two controlled trials of antibiotic treatment in patients with persistent symptoms and a history of Lyme disease. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jul 12;345:8...
Logical Analysis of Tentative Seismic Provisions

A study is described of the format and expression of the Tentative Provisions for the Development of Seismic Regulations for Buildings developed by the Applied Technology Council. The methods of analysis employed provide objective measures of clarity, completeness and consistency, as well as an alternative formal representation with which to examine the correctness of the provisions. The formal representation of the seismic provisions and the findings of the analysis will assist those concerned with the future development of the provisions and their implementation within the various national standards and model codes.
Bear Stearns and the Seeds of its Demise

This case is suitable for courses on corporate finance at the graduate or advanced undergraduate level that cover banking, financing, security design, capital structure, or capital markets. The case covers the events that led to the collapse of Bear Stearns’s (Bear’s) hedge funds in July 2007 and traces management’s response to the situation through January 2008. These events include macroeconomic factors that fueled the housing boom, the growth of securitization, structured products, and credit default swaps, and the maturity mismatch of financial institutions’ funding strategies. The case provides a rich setting for students to understand the increasingly interrelated nature of banking activities, which poses large systemic risk to the financial sector. Two key questions are posed: “What factors were responsible for the collapse of Bear’s hedge funds?” and “Was the response by Bear’s management adequate in light of the collapse and the credit problems that ensued?” John Corso is a hedge fund manager with large cash balances in a prime brokerage account at Bear. In January 2008, he receives a call from a senior Bear executive reassuring him that the firm is in good hands following a shakeup of top management. The previous summer, two Bear hedge funds collapsed as a result of their investments in collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) that were backed by subprime mortgages. As a longtime client of Bear, Corso must evaluate whether the steps taken by management have been sufficient to resolve its credit problems or whether now is the time to remove his funds from the firm.
Intelligent Data Acquisition Blends Targeted and Discovery Methods

A mass spectrometry (MS) method is described here that can reproducibly identify hundreds of peptides across multiple experiments. The method uses intelligent data acquisition to precisely target peptides while simultaneously identifying thousands of other, nontargeted peptides in a single nano-LC-MS/MS experiment. We introduce an online peptide elution order alignment algorithm that targets peptides based on their relative elution order, eliminating the need for retention-time-based scheduling. We have applied this method to target 500 mouse peptides across six technical replicate nano-LC-MS/MS experiments and were able to identify 440 of these in all six, compared with only 256 peptides using data-dependent acquisition (DDA). A total of 3757 other peptides were also identified within the same experiment, illustrating that this hybrid method does not eliminate the novel discovery advantages of DDA. The method was also tested on a set of mice in biological quadruplicate and increased the number of identified target peptides in all four mice by over 80% (826 vs 459) compared with the standard DDA method. We envision real-time data analysis as a powerful tool to improve the quality and reproducibility of proteomic data sets.
Orchopeas fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) of the western gray squirrel, Sciurus griseus.

Three species of Orchopeas fleas have been recorded as true parasites of the Western Gray Squirrel, Sciurus griseus , in California, USA. As a result of the brevity of the original descriptions, the specific distinctiveness of these fleas has been in doubt. Our study of a long series of California tree squirrel fleas indicates that 3 recognizable taxa are present. Descriptions and figures showing characters of taxonomic significance are presented for 0. nepos, 0. latens , and 0. dieteri.
Modeling and Controlling During Microwave and Thermal Processing of Composites

A process model was developed and coded in FORTRAN to simulate the temperature and the extent of cure profiles across the thickness of the composite during microwave and thermal processing. A simplified five-parameter microwave power absorption model was developed for microwave processing. The computer code was used to predict the behavior of Hercules AS4/3501-6 prepreg during thermal processing using various laminate thickness and boundary conditions. The simulation results show that 4.0 cm is the thickest composite that can be processed with the manufacture’s cure cycle. The advantages of microwave processing over thermal processing are fully demonstrated.
Electrical conductivity and mechanical performance of multiwalled CNT‐filled polyvinyl chloride composites subjected to tensile load

This article reports a study on the strain-sensitive conductivity (tensoresistivity) and mechanical properties of polyvinyl chloride/multiwalled carbon nanotube (PVC/MWCNT) composites subjected to tensile loading at different strain rates for potential use in sensor-enabled geosynthetics and other applications involving electrically conductive polymer composites. Results indicate that adding 0.5 wt % MWCNT to the composite results in 57% reduction in its ultimate (failure) strain and a fivefold increase in its tensile modulus while leaving its ultimate strength almost unchanged. Laser scanning confocal microscopy is used to investigate the microscopic failure mechanism of the composite and how it contributes to the strain-sensitive conductivity of the composites. It is observed that tensile fractures are initiated from inside the largest bundles between 18% and 36% strain and continue through further fractal-like fracturing in smaller bundles. Gauge factors (e.g., 3.17) comparable to or exceeding those of typical strain gauges are obtained for the composite, indicating its strong potential for structural performance monitoring and damage detection applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43665.
Dynamic Shake-Table Testing and Analytical Investigation of Self-Centering Steel Plate Shear Walls

AbstractRecent research has shown that self-centering steel plate shear walls (SC-SPSWs) offer an enhanced seismic performance over conventional steel plate shear walls by providing an additional self-centering capability using steel frames detailed with posttensioned (PT) beam-to-column rocking connections. As with other previously proposed self-centering frames detailed with similar beam-to-column connections, this detailing facilitates the incorporation of replaceable energy dissipation components, as part of the lateral force resisting system (LFRS). In doing so, by design, the gravity frame components of the LFRS are also protected from damage during an earthquake. To investigate the dynamic seismic response of this proposed structural system, one-third scaled SC-SPSW specimens were subjected to ground motions during a series of dynamic shake-table tests. The experimental investigation results presented in this paper are the first shake-table tests conducted on SC-SPSWs. This test program was compose...
PMOS contact resistance solution compatible to CMOS integration for 7 nm node and beyond

We report a PMOS contact resistivity (pc) improvement strategy by forming Ge-rich contact interface which is compatible to Ti/Si(Ge) system and CMOS integration flow. Short pulsed (nsec) laser anneal and advanced treatment during pre-clean have shown to be effective to segregate Ge towards SiGe surface resulting in PMOS ρc improvement. With Ge% increasing from 45 to 100%, pc improved three-fold, from 1.2e−8 to 2.8e−9 Ωcm2, due to bandgap modulation and preferred Fermi-level pinning [1]. In the end, we propose a CMOS-integration-compatible contact flow which addresses ρc optimization for both PMOS and NMOS contact.
Management of Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Papillary thyroid cancer is predominantly a sporadic disease that usually presents as an asymptomatic thyroid mass in a euthyroid patient. Irradiation to the neck during childhood significantly increases the subsequent risk of
Application of Higher-Order Adaptive Method to Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Test Cases

An output-based adaptive, higher-order discontinuous Galerkin finite element method is applied to the solution of standard turbulence modeling test cases drawn from the NASA Turbulence Modeling Resource website, specifically subsonic flow over a flat plate and a NACA 0012 airfoil. Results are presented for the current solver using linear, quadratic, and cubic solution approximations on both structured grids and adapted grids. Comparisons are also made with NASA Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solvers FUN3D and CFL3D. Analysis is presented for the adaptive grids, particularly concerning grid refinement in the vicinity of flowfield singularities for both test cases.