cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vdd programmability to reduce FPGA interconnect power

Power is an increasingly important design constraint for FPGAs in nanometer technologies. Because interconnect power is dominant in FPGAs, we design Vdd-programmable interconnect fabric to reduce FPGA interconnect power. There are three Vdd states for interconnect switches: high Vdd, low Vdd and power-gating. We develop a simple design flow to apply high Vdd to critical paths and low Vdd to non-critical paths and to power gate unused interconnect switches. We carry out a highly quantitative study by placing and routing benchmark circuits in 100 nm technology to illustrate the power saving. Compared to single-Vdd FPGAs with optimized but nonprogrammable Vdd level for the same target clock frequency, our new FPGA fabric on average reduces interconnect power by 56.51% and total FPGA power by 50.55%. Due to the highly low utilization rate of routing switches, majority of the power reduction is achieved by power gating unused routing buffers. In contrast, recent work that considers Vdd programmability only for logic fabric reduces total FPGA power merely by 14.29%. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first in-depth study on Vdd programmability for FPGA interconnect power reduction.
Causative factors and trends in Florida pedestrian crashes

A case study review of 353 fatal pedestrian crashes that occurred in Florida, primarily in 2000, identified contributing causes and trends of predominant pedestrian crash types. Researchers reviewed state records, traffic crash reports, traffic homicide investigative report narratives, diagrams, and photographs and incorporated select accident reconstructions and site visits. Results indicate that the most significant causes of pedestrian crashes are pedestrian behavior, alcohol use by pedestrians and drivers, poor pedestrian visibility at night coupled with violation of driver expectation, and lack of compliance with state laws. Some form of pedestrian behavior was the primary contributing factor in more than three-fourths of the pedestrian crashes reviewed. Alcohol use by the pedestrian or the driver was determined as the primary factor in 45% of the cases. Where alcohol use was determinable, 69% of pedestrians crossing not in crosswalks were under the influence. Dark conditions or insufficient lighting...
A semantic web framework to integrate cancer omics data with biological knowledge

The RDF triple provides a simple linguistic means of describing limitless types of information. Triples can be flexibly combined into a unified data source we call a semantic model. Semantic models open new possibilities for the integration of variegated biological data. We use Semantic Web technology to explicate high throughput clinical data in the context of fundamental biological knowledge. We have extended Corvus, a data warehouse which provides a uniform interface to various forms of Omics data, by providing a SPARQL endpoint. With the querying and reasoning tools made possible by the Semantic Web, we were able to explore quantitative semantic models retrieved from Corvus in the light of systematic biological knowledge. For this paper, we merged semantic models containing genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic data from melanoma samples with two semantic models of functional data - one containing Gene Ontology (GO) data, the other, regulatory networks constructed from transcription factor binding information. These two semantic models were created in an ad hoc manner but support a common interface for integration with the quantitative semantic models. Such combined semantic models allow us to pose significant translational medicine questions. Here, we study the interplay between a cell's molecular state and its response to anti-cancer therapy by exploring the resistance of cancer cells to Decitabine, a demethylating agent. We were able to generate a testable hypothesis to explain how Decitabine fights cancer - namely, that it targets apoptosis-related gene promoters predominantly in Decitabine-sensitive cell lines, thus conveying its cytotoxic effect by activating the apoptosis pathway. Our research provides a framework whereby similar hypotheses can be developed easily.
They Call It like They See It: Spontaneous Naming and Attention to Shape.

Two experiments explore children's spontaneous labeling of novel objects as a method to study early lexical access. The experiments also provide new evidence on children's attention to object shape when labeling objects. In Experiment 1, the spontaneous productions of 21 23- to 28-month-olds (mean 26;28) shown a set of novel, unnamed objects were analyzed both in terms of the specific words said and, via adult judgments, their likely perceptual basis. We found that children's spontaneous names were cued by the perceptual feature of shape. Experiment 2 examines the relation between spontaneous productions, name generalizations in a structured task, and vocabulary development in a group of children between 17 and 24 months of age (mean 21;6). Results indicate that object shape plays an important role in both spontaneous productions and novel noun generalization, but contrary to current hypotheses, children may name objects by shape from the earliest points of productive vocabulary development and this tendency may not be lexically specific.
Thermal cycling and critical current density of BSCCO/Ag-sheathed wire and tape

The effect of thermal cycling between 4.3 K and 298 K within a He atmosphere, and ambient magnetic field, on the J/sub c/ of a Bi-2223/Ag-sheathed monocore tape and two Bi-2212/Ag-sheathed multifilament wire straight samples was studied. The J/sub c/ of the tape and wire samples did not degrade as a result of thermal cycling. There was also no degradation of J/sub c/ of these samples by thermal cycling between 77.4 K and 298 K by immersion in LN/sub 2/ within air. >
Presidents, Public Opinion, and Diversionary Behavior: The Role of Partisan Support Reconsidered

Numerous works have studied the relationship between public approval and the propensity of United States presidents to use force abroad. One of these ([Morgan and Bickers 1992][1]) relies upon a refined view of internalization–externalization processes to reformulate the diversionary theory of conflict. The authors postulate that, as presidents are concerned with maintaining popularity among individuals upon whose support their continued power rests, they are more inclined to use diversionary force when approval among members of their party declines. Using more extensive and comprehensive measures of militarized actions, we find no support for Morgan and Bickers' original hypothesis, indicating that the results of one of the very few works that finds any evidence of diversion from low public approval may not be valid. In fact, event count analyses reveal that precisely the opposite relationship is operative. Additionally, Morgan and Bickers' formulation fails to account for potential differences in conflict propensity stemming from differences in political parties. We hypothesize that presidents whose partisan supporters are expected to react favorably to “hawkish” actions (Republicans) are more likely to use force abroad when faced with declining partisan support than those leaders whose partisan supporters are generally “dovish” (Democrats). Our results yield little support for this hypothesis. We conclude the article by exploring some possible explanations for our findings. [1]: #ref-56
Aortic Transection and Diverting Bypass as Treatment of Repetitive Recurrent Abdominal Aortic False Aneurysm Rupture in a Patient With Behcet’s Disease

Abdominal aortic false aneurysms in patients with Behcet’s disease have been reported frequently and repaired successfully by various procedures; however, anastomotic false aneurysms have often been reported to occur after the operation. In this article, we report a case of four-time repetitive, recurrent suprarenal abdominal aortic false aneurysm ruptures that lasted for 7 years. The location of this aneurysm was not easy to repair not only by open surgical procedures but by endovascular stent because the aortic defect was too close to the visceral arterial branches. The last operation consisted of primary repair of aortic defect, transection of abdominal aorta at the level of supraceliac aorta with end closure, and a thoracic aorta to abdominal aorta bypass with Dacron graft. An 8-year follow-up revealed no more abdominal aortic aneurysm recurrence.
Dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels in human glomerular mesangial cells

In mesangial cells (MC), the response of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) to a contractile agonist is biphasic with a large, transient increase in [Ca2+]i followed by a smaller but sustai...
Partial purification of a 6-methyladenine mRNA methyltransferase which modifies internal adenine residues.

Two forms of a 6-methyladenine mRNA methyltransferase have been partially purified using a T7 transcript coding for mouse dihydrofolate reductase as an RNA substrate. Both enzyme forms modify internal adenine residues within the RNA substrate. The enzymes were purified 357- and 37-fold respectively from nuclear salt extracts prepared from HeLa cells using DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose chromatography. The activity of the first form of the enzyme eluted from DEAE-cellulose (major form) was at least 3-fold greater than that of the second (minor form). H.p.l.c. analysis of the hydrolysed, methylated mRNA substrates demonstrated that both forms of the enzyme produced only 6-methyladenine. The two forms of the enzyme differed in their RNA substrate specificity as well as in the dependence for a 5' cap structure. The 6-methyladenine mRNA methyltransferase activity was found to be elevated in HeLa nuclei as compared with nuclear extracts from rat kidney and brain. Enzymic activity could not be detected in nuclei from either normal rat liver or regenerating rat liver. In the case of the HeLa cell, activity could only be detected in nuclear extracts, with a small amount in the ribosomal fraction. Other HeLa subcellular fractions were void of activity.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A CRISE DO ESTADO DIANTE DA COMPLEXIDADE DOS CONFLITOS NO CONTEXTO SOCIAL ATUAL

O conflito e inerente a especie humana, uma vez que e natural do ser humano impor seus desejos e a sua maneira de pensar. A existencia de conflitos nas relacoes sociais possibilita a evolucao humana e as transformacoes na sociedade. Assim, a complexidade das relacoes conflituosas e a diversidade cultural presente na sociedade brasileira tornam evidente a necessidade da utilizacao de praticas resolutivas alternativas ao sistema estatal de jurisdicao. O presente trabalho tem como escopo analisar os elementos constitutivos do conflito no sentido generico do termo, com o intuito de compreender a atuacao do Estado em sua resolucao. Por meio de pesquisa bibliografica e com a aplicacao dos metodos fenomenologico e comparativo, concluiu-se que o Estado demonstra-se ineficaz no tratamento dos conflitos, diante da complexidade das relacoes sociais. Palavras-Chave: Conflito; Sociedade complexas; Crise do Estado; Poder Judiciario.
A Latent Class Analysis of Smokeless Tobacco Use in the United States

While there has been an escalating trend in the number of smokeless tobacco uses, mainly snuff, in the United States, it is unclear whether smokeless tobacco users are a homogenous class. The present investigation examines this question and identifies subtypes of smokeless tobacco users in order to better understand the characteristics of these individuals and guide appropriate intervention. Data on smokeless tobacco users (N = 2504) derived from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions was employed. A range of antisocial behaviors, from reflecting non-violent deviant acts, irresponsibility, and a disengaged lifestyle, to aggression and violence were used to estimate the number of subtypes of smokeless tobacco users using latent class analysis. Four latent classes emerged: Normative Class (50.2 %), Deviant Class (21.9 %), Disengaging Class (17.2 %), and Antisocial Class (10.5 %). Logistic regression shows that major depression, alcohol use disorder, and marijuana use disorder were associated with Deviant Class (OR's from 2.0 to 10.5). The same array of psychiatric disorders and general anxiety disorder were associated with greater odds of membership in the Disengaging Class (OR's from 2.6 to 7.4). Aforementioned psychiatric disorders and illicit drug use disorder were associated with the Antisocial Class (OR's from 3.8 to 38.1). Findings indicate that smokeless tobacco users are a heterogeneous population that may benefit from differential intervention strategies.
Increase in Tiagabine Serum Concentration with Coadministration of Gemfibrozil

Objective:To report a case of possible acute tiagabine toxicity secondary to administration of gemfibrozil.Case Summary:A 39-year-old male was taking tiagabine 16 mg orally 3 times per day and carbamazepine 500 mg orally twice per day for complex partial seizures secondary to mesial temporal sclerosis. He was found to have type IV hypertriglyceridemia and was prescribed gemfibrozil. Because he reported severe confusion and altered consciousness shortly after a single 600-mg dose of gemfibrozil, he was admitted for controlled challenge with that drug. A single 300-mg dose of gemfibrozil resulted in lightheadedness and led to a 59% and 75% increase in total tiagabine serum concentrations at 2 and 5 hours, respectively, without significant change in baseline carbamazepine concentrations.Discussion:This is the first report of an interaction between the widely used antihyperlipidemic drug gemfibrozil and tiagabine. Since tiagabine, which was originally developed as an antiepileptic medication, is now being use...
Lead Retention by Broiler Litter Biochars in Small Arms Range Soil: Impact of Pyrolysis Temperature

Phosphorus-rich manure biochar has a potential for stabilizing Pb and other heavy metal contaminants, as well as serving as a sterile fertilizer. In this study, broiler litter biochars produced at 350 and 650 °C were employed to understand how biochar’s elemental composition (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn) affects the extent of heavy metal stabilization. Soil incubation experiments were conducted using a sandy, slightly acidic (pH 6.11) Pb-contaminated (19906 mg kg–1 total Pb primarily as PbCO3) small arms range (SAR) soil fraction (<250 μm) amended with 2–20 wt % biochar. The Pb stabilization in pH 4.9 acetate buffer reached maximum at lower (2–10 wt %) biochar amendment rate, and 350 °C biochar containing more soluble P was better able to stabilize Pb than the 650 °C biochar. The 350 °C biochar consistently released greater amounts of P, K, Mg, Na, and Ca than 650 °C biochar in both unbuffered (pH 4.5 sulfuric acid) and buffered (pH 4.9 acetate) systems, despite 1.9–4.5-fold greater total content...
Stability of Boundary Layers in Binary Mixtures of Oxygen and Nitrogen

An inviscid stability analysis of binary mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen in thermal equilibrium is presented. The boundary-layer equations for a chemically reacting gas are solved using second-order finite differences in the streamwise and wall normal directions. The linearized stability equations in the inviscid limit are solved using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with a constant step size. Examples of flows with an equilibrium state at the boundary layer edge and considering either an adiabatic, non-catalytic wall or a cold wall are reported for free stream conditions corresponding to Mach number 5. In the considered examples, the real gas effects have a stabilizing effect on the first mode and destabilizing effect on the second mode.
Interactive effects of seasonal-demand characteristics on manufacturing systems

In this paper, we identify different characteristics of seasonal demands and analyse their impact on manufacturing systems. In particular, we consider a single-stage production facility that has flexibility to adjust its production rates or inventory target levels. Using Markov decision process formulation, we analyse a model that minimises the total cost under infinite horizon discounted and average cost criteria. Through extensive numerical studies, we reveal several insights related to the individual and joint impact of seasonal demand characteristics that are of practical interests to manufacturers.
A Numerical Computing Optimization Method to Overcome the Thickness Effect to Dual-energy Transmission Imaging

Dual-energy X-ray imaging system combining the high and low transmission signal to serve the method of object classification(calculate R related with effective atomic number) at present.But(object's) thickness has great effect on dual-energy transmission imaging.Videlicet,(object's) thickness influences the veracity of object classification.This paper put forward an improving numerical optimized method by the ratio of two transmission signal to eliminate the effect of the thickness,with optimized area absorption coefficient transmission signal to replace the transmission signal.This method can weaken the effect of(object's) thickness on R,decrease the probability of inaccuracy and improve the veracity of classification by analyzing and evaluating experimental data.
Evaluation of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Cases Surveillance System During 2006-2011 in A City

Objective To understand the prevalence of acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)in Zhoukou.Explore the measures of AFP surveillance after the elimination of poliomyelitis.Methods To study the performance of monitoring system of Acute Flaccid Paralysis(AFP)in Zhoukou during 2006~2011,provide scientific evidence for improving the report quality of monitoring system.Results During2006~2011,353 AFP cases were reported in Zhoukou City,no wild poliovirus was detected.These AFP cases were distributed in 10 countries.The age of AFP cases was mainly 0-4years old,accounting for 77.34%,higher incidence in male than in female,the rate is 2.84∶1.All AFP cases were discarded poliomyelitis cases by the diagnoses group of Henan Province.The rate of Guillan Barre syndrome(GBS)in these cases was 36.26%.The reported incidence of non—polio AFP cases of children under15 years old has been over 1/100000 since 2003.Other indexes have been above 80%.Conclusion The performance of monitoring system of AFP in Zhoukou city is well.The system reports Cases sensitively-duly and accurately.The quality of reports enhances continuously.But some problems remain to be improved further.
Skeletal muscle overload upregulates the sarcoplasmic reticulum slow calcium pump gene

Functional data suggest that the kinetics of force production and relaxation are slowed in hypertrophied skeletal muscle because of chronic overload. The purpose of this study was to determine whet...
Circulating siderocytes in human subjects.

The number of circulating erythrocytes containing reticulum and no siderotic granules (R cells), both reticulum and siderotic granules (R-S cells), and siderotic granules and no reticulum (S cells) was determined in 80 normal adults, 7 normal newborns and 486 patients with hematologic disorders. Few R-S cells (maximum 0.3 per cent) or S cells (maximum 0.2 per cent) were observed in the blood of normal adults. The number of siderocytes as observed in the direct Prussian blue method (direct-total siderocytes) did not exceed 0.7 per cent. R-S cells greater than 1.0 per cent and direct-total siderocytes greater than 2.0 per cent were observed in each of 7 normal newborns. Among the 486 patients, R-S cells more numerous than 1.0 per cent, S cells greater than 1.0 per cent, or direct-total siderocytes greater than 2.0 per cent were observed only in four conditions. Increases in R-S cells were seen in patients with severe hemolytic anemia and in patients with sideroblastic anemia associated with mild hemolysis. Increases in S cells were seen in splenectomized patients in the absence of hemolysis. Increases both in R-S cells and S cells were seen in patients with splenic atrophy or replacement and in splenectomized patients in the presence of hemolysis.
Real-Time Assessment of Wellness and Disease in Daily Life

The next frontier in medicine involves better quantifying human traits, known as "phenotypes." Biological markers have been directly associated with disease risks, but poor measurement of behaviors such as diet and exercise limits our understanding of preventive measures. By joining together an uncommonly wide range of disciplines and expertise, the Kavli HUMAN Project will advance measurement of behavioral phenotypes, as well as environmental factors that impact behavior. By following the same individuals over time, KHP will liberate new understanding of dynamic links between behavioral phenotypes, disease, and the broader environment. As KHP advances understanding of the bio-behavioral complex, it will seed new approaches to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human disease.
Library Policies for Research in Monetary Economics

A sketch of the questions dealt with in monetary economics is followed by a delineation of a hierarchy of libraries for the optimal use of library resources for research in the subfield. Different roles for four types of libraries are distinguished. In the future, materials that libraries will be expected to provide will include computer-based bibliographies, time-series data banks, and magnetic-tape cross-section data. Interlibrary exchanges will become essential Indiscriminate duplication of titles will give way to shared responsibility among types of libraries for collecting research materials in monetary economics, and for providing access to a collective pool of research titles.
Self-Reported Time in Bed and Sleep Quality in Association with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in School-Age Youth

This study investigated the relationship between self-reported time in bed and sleep quality in association with self-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms in a sample of 285 elementary school students (52 % female) recruited from a rural Midwestern elementary school. Path models were used to estimate proposed associations, controlling for grade level and gender. Curvilinear associations were found between time in bed and anxiety, depressive symptoms, and irritability. Marginal curvilinear trends were found between time in bed and emotion dysregulation, reactive aggression, and proactive aggression. Sleep quality was negatively associated with anxiety, depressive symptoms, irritability, reactive aggression, and delinquency engagement. Gender and grade differences were found across models. Findings suggest that examining self-reported time in bed (both linear and quadratic) and sleep quality is important for understanding internalizing and externalizing symptoms associated with sleep in school-age youth. Incorporating self-reported sleep assessments into clinical practice and school-based evaluations may have implications for a child’s adjustment.
Security basics

Presents a collection of slides covering the topic of system security. Covers the following topics: discusses the special features of security; security threat models; security design methodology; access control practices; cryptograhy; and security protocols.
WITHDRAWAL: Safety and Efficacy of Catheter Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia in Elderly Patients With Structural Heart Disease

This article has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate. The correct published version of the article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2015.03.005 . The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy .
A calibration technique for active phased array antennas

In active phased array antennas, transmit and receive functions are distributed at the aperture using transmit and receive (T/R) modules. Active phased arrays are typically calibrated in a near-field antenna range at the factory. The performance of active phased array antennas would degrade over time due to changes in the characteristics of active devices and would require recalibration in the field. In this paper, we present a calibration technique for active phased array antennas that uses a small number of passive array elements dedicated to calibration. The dedicated calibration elements are passive in that they do not have T/R modules behind them. The measured mutual coupling data in the field are compared with the measured data at the factory.
The impact of overweight/obesity duration and physical activity on telomere length: An application of the WATCH paradigm

Summary Introduction Physical activity may protect against health consequences associated with obesity, yet less is known on how the duration of obesity alters this association, specifically as it relates to leukocyte telomere length. Methods The 1999–2002 NHANES was used to place individuals into 6 mutually exclusive groups based on physical activity status and weight status/duration. Results All active individuals, except for those overweight/obese for longer durations, were associated with longer telomeres in comparison to sedentary individuals. Conclusions Physical activity may attenuate the decline in telomere length associated with obesity, but this protective effect may be negated by prolonged periods of overweight/obesity.
Nonmaturing Fistulae: Epidemiology, Possible Interventions, and Outcomes

Autogenous arteriovenous fistulae are the best method for prolonged, successful dialysis access. However, a substantial limitation of dialysis fistulae is their high primary failure rate, estimated to be as high as 70% for radiocephalic fistulae. Fistula maturation is influenced by demographic risk factors as well as anatomical barriers, the latter of which can be readily identified by noninvasive ultrasound imaging and physical examination. These barriers can be categorized as inflow problems (native arterial disease, arteriovenous anastomotic stenosis, and juxta-anastomotic stenosis) or outflow problems (proximal venous stenosis or collateral veins). Venous stenoses represent the most commonly observed barrier to fistula maturation. By treating these barriers with a systematic approach, interventionalists can significantly improve the likelihood of a fistula's usability for dialysis.
Barriers and enablers of health system adoption of kangaroo mother care: a systematic review of caregiver perspectives

Despite improvements in child survival in the past four decades, an estimated 6.3 million children under the age of five die each year, and more than 40% of these deaths occur in the neonatal period. Interventions to reduce neonatal mortality are needed. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is one such life-saving intervention; however it has not yet been fully integrated into health systems around the world. Utilizing a conceptual framework for integration of targeted health interventions into health systems, we hypothesize that caregivers play a critical role in the adoption, diffusion, and assimilation of KMC. The objective of this research was to identify barriers and enablers of implementation and scale up of KMC from caregivers’ perspective. We searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and WHO regional databases using search terms ‘kangaroo mother care’ or ‘kangaroo care’ or ‘skin to skin care’. Studies published between January 1, 1960 and August 19, 2015 were included. To be eligible, published work had to be based on primary data collection regarding barriers or enablers of KMC implementation from the family perspective. Abstracted data were linked to the conceptual framework using a deductive approach, and themes were identified within each of the five framework areas using Nvivo software. We identified a total of 2875 abstracts. After removing duplicates and ineligible studies, 98 were included in the analysis. The majority of publications were published within the past 5 years, had a sample size less than 50, and recruited participants from health facilities. Approximately one-third of the studies were conducted in the Americas, and 26.5% were conducted in Africa. We identified four themes surrounding the interaction between families and the KMC intervention: buy in and bonding (i.e. benefits of KMC to mothers and infants and perceptions of bonding between mother and infant), social support (i.e. assistance from other people to perform KMC), sufficient time to perform KMC, and medical concerns about mother or newborn health. Furthermore, we identified barriers and enablers of KMC adoption by caregivers within the context of the health system regarding financing and service delivery. Embedded within the broad social context, barriers to KMC adoption by caregivers included adherence to traditional newborn practices, stigma surrounding having a preterm infant, and gender roles regarding childcare. Efforts to scale up and integrate KMC into health systems must reduce barriers in order to promote the uptake of the intervention by caregivers.
An analysis of the relation between resilience and reduced audit quality within the role stress paradigm

Abstract This study examines the relation between individual resilience levels and reduced audit quality practices (RAQP) within the context of an expanded role stress model. The premise for this investigation is that while role stressors, stress arousal, and burnout may enhance the likelihood of RAQP, resilience has the potential to directly and indirectly reduce RAQP. This reduction in RAQP is hypothesized to be a consequence of resilience serving as an attenuating influence on the other factors. The sample consisted of 258 auditors from seven of the 10 largest US accounting firms in 2015. The expanded role stress model includes resilience, role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload as exogenous antecedents, stress arousal and burnout as mediators, and RAQP as the dependent variable. Our findings show that higher levels of resilience are associated with lower reported levels of RAQP, as well as decreases in both stress arousal and burnout tendencies. The data also indicate that reduced audit quality practices still represent a serious issue for the profession, but also identify ways by which firms may be able to reduce their occurrence. Emanating from these findings, we suggest future research to investigate viable intervention strategies designed to counteract the damaging effects of stress before they manifest in negative consequences to the individual and the firm.
Re)Building Bridges in and with Family and Community

Forgiveness, acceptance and, in some cases, reconciliation are key to repairing relationships in both the context of family and community. This chapter expands on the discussion of forgiveness begun in Chaps. 13 and 14 with an examination of the concept of forgiveness in the psychological literature and various religions and extends the discussion to examine reconciliation and the reforging of relationships at the community level.
Conversion of a Dehalogenase into a Nitroreductase by Swapping its Flavin Cofactor with a 5-Deazaflavin Analogue.

Natural and engineered nitroreductases have rarely supported full reduction of nitroaromatics to their amine products and more typically transformations are limited to formation of the hydroxylamine intermediates. Efficient use of these enzymes also requires a regenerating system for NAD(P)H to avoid the costs associated with this natural reductant. Iodotyrosine deiodinase is a member of the same structural superfamily of many nitroreductases but does not directly consume reducing equivalents from NAD(P)H nor demonstrates a nitroreductase activity. However, exchange of its flavin cofactor with a 5-deazaflavin analog dramatically suppresses its native deiodinase activity and gains a significant nitroreductase activity that supports full reduction to an amine product in the presence of the convenient and inexpensive NaBH₄.
National Survey of Educational Programs for Adolescents with Serious Emotional Disturbance.

Despite an increasing national and local emphasis on special education for adolescents identified as seriously emotionally disturbed, little information is available on the nature of actual educati...
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics Research: A New Online Paradigm

Our knowledge of a wide range of astrophysical processes depends crucially on nuclear physics data. While new nuclear information is being generated at an ever-increasing rate, the methods to process this information into astrophysical simulations have changed little over the decades and cannot keep pace. Working online, 'cloud computing', may be the methodology breakthrough needed to ensure that the latest nuclear data quickly gets into astrophysics codes. The successes of the first utilization of cloud computing for nuclear astrophysics will be described. The advantages of cloud computing for the broader nuclear data community are also discussed.
Commentary on the Chapter by Dowling and Burke, “Shall We Do Politics or Learn Some Maths Today? Representing and Interrogating Social Inequality”

This chapter posits the following conundrum: Is it possible to structure a mathematics lesson that integrates questioning of social inequality with worthwhile mathematical material? Dowling and Burke answer this question negatively. They conclude that a lesson must either privilege mathematics, providing all students with appropriate and rigorous mathematical content, or a lesson must privilege political motivations, providing for a full and extensive discussion of critical issues; according to the authors, it is not possible to accomplish both goals at the same time.
Magnesium Depletion and Parathyroid Function

The fundamental mechanisms by which Mg depletion leads to hypocalcemic hypoparathyroidism remain unidentified. Evidence points to either an up-regulation of the parathyroid CaSR by either a specific Mg-dependent mechanism or by associated inflammatory changes, in either case leading to PTH suppression and end-organ “resistance” to the effects of exogenous PTH. The consequences of the PTH suppression are also manifested as a reduction in circulating levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, possibly due to impairment of the renal converting enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase. Low circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D with a consequent reduction in CaSR transcription is an attempt to provide feedback inhibition and to temper the deleterious effects of Mg deficiency.
Extinction of the Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Nicotine with a Devalued Reinforcer: Recovery Following Revaluation

Extinction and recovery of the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine (0.3 mg/kg) was investigated with a devalued food reinforcer (rats sated). Sixteen rats were trained in a counterbalanced one manipulandum (nose-poke) drug discrimination procedure with the roles of nicotine and saline counterbalanced as SD and SΔ. Discrimination training was maintained and then extinguished with the devalued reinforcer. Devaluation of the reinforcer diminished SD response rates during discrimination training but not discriminative control. Following delays after extinction, recovery of responding occurred with the revalued but not devalued reinforcer. These data demonstrate that (a) discriminative control by nicotine is temporally stable with a devalued reinforcer following acquisition and extinction, (b) revaluation of the reinforcer promotes recovery of discriminative control, and (c) recovery of interoceptive discriminative control by nicotine following extinction is affected by changes in motivation. Theoretical implications regarding drug replacement therapy and cue-exposure therapy are discussed.
Using data-driven sublanguage pattern mining to induce knowledge models: application in medical image reports knowledge representation

The use of knowledge models facilitates information retrieval, knowledge base development, and therefore supports new knowledge discovery that ultimately enables decision support applications. Most existing works have employed machine learning techniques to construct a knowledge base. However, they often suffer from low precision in extracting entity and relationships. In this paper, we described a data-driven sublanguage pattern mining method that can be used to create a knowledge model. We combined natural language processing (NLP) and semantic network analysis in our model generation pipeline. As a use case of our pipeline, we utilized data from an open source imaging case repository, , to generate a knowledge model that represents the contents of medical imaging reports. We extracted entities and relationships using the Stanford part-of-speech parser and the “Subject:Relationship:Object” syntactic data schema. The identified noun phrases were tagged with the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) semantic types. An evaluation was done on a dataset comprised of 83 image notes from four data sources. A semantic type network was built based on the co-occurrence of 135 UMLS semantic types in 23,410 medical image reports. By regrouping the semantic types and generalizing the semantic network, we created a knowledge model that contains 14 semantic categories. Our knowledge model was able to cover 98% of the content in the evaluation corpus and revealed 97% of the relationships. Machine annotation achieved a precision of 87%, recall of 79%, and F-score of 82%. The results indicated that our pipeline was able to produce a comprehensive content-based knowledge model that could represent context from various sources in the same domain.
Unpacking Implicit Disagreements Among Early Childhood Standards for Statistics and Probability

Numerous recent curriculum documents around the world recommend that children begin to develop understanding of probability and statistics during early childhood and primary school. Although there is widespread agreement that such learning should occur, standards documents are not uniform in their specific recommendations. In particular, there are implicit disagreements about the roles of student-posed statistical questions, probability language, and variability in children’s learning. Unpacking these implicit disagreements is in the interest of teachers, researchers, and curriculum developers because it can stimulate thought and debate about the proper emphasis for the concepts in standards documents. This chapter will help define the space for such thought and debate by summarizing how some key concepts are addressed differently in various early learning standards for probability and statistics. Defensible interpretations of the research literature are considered. Strategies teachers and curriculum developers can use to cope with situations in which standards documents conflict with desirable learning goals for children are also described. Boundary objects, which allow related communities of practice to operate jointly in absence of consensus, are discussed as a means for advancing teaching and research despite the existence of disagreement. Suggestions for working toward a greater degree of consensus across early childhood standards for statistics and probability are also offered.
Cardiac Biomarkers Predict Large Vessel Occlusion in Patients with Ischemic Stroke.

Abstract Background and Purpose Cardiac biomarkers may help identify stroke mechanisms and may aid in improving stroke prevention strategies. There is limited data on the association between these biomarkers and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO). We hypothesized that cardiac biomarkers (cardiac troponin and left atrial diameter [LAD]) would be associated with the presence of LVO. Methods Data were abstracted from a single center prospective AIS database over 18 months and included all patients with AIS with CT angiography of the head and neck. The presence of LVO was defined as proximal LVO of the internal carotid artery terminus, middle cerebral artery (M1 or proximal M2), or basilar artery. Univariate analyses and predefined multivariable models were performed to determine the association between cardiac biomarkers (positive troponin [troponin ≥0.1 ng/mL] and LAD on transthoracic echocardiogram) and LVO adjusting for demographic factors (age and sex), risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, history of stroke, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, and smoking), and atrial fibrillation (AF). Results We identified 1234 patients admitted with AIS; 886 patients (71.8%) had vascular imaging to detect LVO. Of those with imaging available, 374 patients (42.2%) had LVO and 207 patients (23.4%) underwent thrombectomy. There was an association between positive troponin and LVO after adjusting for age, sex and other risk factors (adjusted OR 1.69 [1.08-2.63], P = .022) and this association persisted after including AF in the model (adjusted OR 1.60 [1.02-2.53], P = 0.043). There was an association between LAD and LVO after adjusting for age, sex, and risk factors (adjusted OR per mm 1.03 [1.01-1.05], P = 0.013) but this association was not present when AF was added to the model (adjusted OR 1.01 [0.99-1.04], P = .346). Sensitivity analyses using thrombectomy as an outcome yielded similar findings. Conclusions Cardiac biomarkers, particularly serum troponin levels, are associated with acute LVO in patients with ischemic stroke. Prospective studies are ongoing to confirm this association and to test whether anticoagulation reduces the risk of recurrent embolism in this patient population.
A Component Analysis of an Electronic Data Collection Package

Data collection is essential to the practice of behavior analysis, but human error in collection can lead to inaccuracies. One variable demonstrated to increase inaccuracies in human collected data...
Factors Associated With Clinical Deterioration Among Patients Hospitalized on the Wards at a Tertiary Cancer Hospital.

PURPOSE:Patients hospitalized outside the intensive care unit (ICU) frequently experience clinical deterioration. Little has been done to describe the landscape of clinical deterioration among inpa...
Copyright vs. copywrong: teaching copyright ethically

We live in a world of digital content. Everyone has access to a myriad of online resources: images, sounds, music, videos, and text. Whether we are operating as content creators or content consumers, copyright considerations touch us all daily. Copyright is not merely the sum of its legal parts, but also has ethical implications, particularly when combined with technology. Teaching copyright, therefore, should focus not only on the legal and economic aspects, but also the ethical aspects, including moral rights of attribution, integrity, and privacy. Workshop participants will leave with a practical strategy for teaching copyright in all its aspects.
Developing Traps for the Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae).

The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White), an invasive, phloem-feeding fulgorid generalist, was recently discovered in the United States. Current trapping methods include placing glue-covered sticky bands around trunks of host trees to exploit the lanternfly's behavior of climbing up tree trunks. These bands are messy and need to be replaced often as they become covered in both target and nontarget insects and debris. Fourth instar nymphs and adults have also shown an ability to escape from traditional tree bands or avoid capture. A promising commercially available tree band (BugBarrier) design that faces inward to the trunk and targets larger developmental stages was tested. A modified pecan weevil trap (circle trunk trap) was also compared with tree bands. This design does not require the use of insect-trapping adhesive. Circle trunk traps caught more third and fourth instar and adult L. delicatula than BugBarrier bands. Flight intercept traps caught fewer adult L. delicatula than trunk-based tree bands. In a separate comparison, more spotted lanternflies were caught on adhesive-coated ‘tree mimicking’ traps placed along the edges of Ailanthus altissima Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) stands than away from hosts in an open field. Circle trunk traps are recommended for their effectiveness at capturing L. delicatula as well as their relative ease-of-use and reusability.
Evidentiary Irony and the Incomplete Rule of Completeness: A Proposal to Amend Federal Rule of Evidence 106

In recent years, there have been many calls and suggestions for a more equitable criminal justice system. Although sometimes overlooked in that dialogue, the fair operation of the Federal Rules of Evidence is a crucial component in ensuring such an equitable system. Unfortunately, the interpretation of Federal Rule of Evidence 106 in some jurisdictions permits unjust results, particularly for criminal defendants seeking to rely upon the Rule. Rule 106, also known as the “rule of completeness,” is premised upon notions of fundamental fairness and ostensibly permits a party to force its adversary to introduce the remainder of a written or recorded statement when the adversary has offered a portion in a selective and misleading manner. This Rule, designed to prevent unfair cherry-picking presentation of out-of-court statements, is a critical tool necessary to achieving the fundamental goals of the Federal Rules of Evidence to “ascertain truth” and “secure just determinations.” But inconsistent and unfair application of Rule 106 has plagued the Rule since its adoption in 1975 and has frustrated its core purpose of demanding fair presentation of out-of-court statements. Most significantly, criminal defendants often run headlong into a prosecutorial hearsay objection when they attempt to utilize Rule 106 to introduce the remainders of their own statements presented in a fragmented and distorted manner by the government. Alternatively, prosecutors object to defense attempts to offer completing evidence of statements made orally because Rule 106 permits completion only of written or recorded statements. When such objections are sustained, the fact-finder is left with a distorted scrap of the truth. The unfair application of a rule designed to promote fairness was made possible because the original drafters of Rule 106 chose to craft a rule of completeness that only “partially” codified the common law doctrine of completeness, leaving the admissibility of hearsay and oral statements unresolved. This incomplete rule of completeness has left federal courts struggling for decades with objections to oral statements and otherwise inadmissible hearsay offered to correct a misleading partial presentation of a statement. Although the federal courts have been wrestling with the proper operation of Rule 106 since its adoption, they are no closer to a uniform and just interpretation of the provision than they were forty-five years ago. Accordingly, Rule 106 should be reconstructed to allow completion of oral statements and to permit completion with otherwise inadmissible hearsay whenever necessary to prevent distorted evidence from influencing the fact-finder improperly. Only then will the “rule of completeness” be truly complete.
Academic Motherhood During COVID-19: Navigating Our Dual Roles as Educators and Mothers.

During the COVID‐19 crisis, being a working mother has taken on a whole new meaning, as mothers navigate working from home while juggling childcare, as well as coming to terms with their intersecting identities. The current article is a feminist, heartful autoethnographic account, couched in Relational‐Cultural Theory, surrounding our authentic experiences working from home and raising children during the worldwide pandemic. We explore academic motherhood, working from home, mental health, and coping during coronavirus and stay‐at‐home orders through engaged dialogue. We hope that showcasing our vulnerability can lead to change in the expectations we put on mothers in academia, while at the same time connect with readers who may be going through similar challenges.