cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role body-esteem plays in impairment associated with hair-pulling and skin picking in adolescents

Abstract Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder, HPD) and pathological skin picking (PSP) are associated with significant rates of psychosocial impairment and distress. Little research has addressed the physical consequences and associated impairment in youth (e.g., poor body-esteem). The present study explores the relationship between body-esteem, skin picking (SP), and pulling-related impairment in a sample of adolescents with primary HPD. Ninety four adolescents who pull their hair, 40 of whom also pick their skin, were recruited via internet-sampling as part of the Child and Adolescent Trichotillomania Impact Study (CA-TIP). All youth and a parent completed anonymous questionnaires online assessing psychiatric symptoms, repetitive behaviors, and psychosocial impairment, among other variables. Appearance-based body-esteem was not found to be predictive of more severe psychosocial impairment in these youth. However, SP, in combination with HPD, contributed to worse appearance-based body-esteem above and beyond symptoms of HPD alone. The current study suggests that psychosocial functioning in youth with HPD is less impacted by body-esteem or pulling than other factors (e.g., depression and anxiety), and that SP contributes to lowered body-esteem. These findings suggest the importance of addressing body-esteem in case conceptualization for youth with both HPD and SP. Further research is required to confirm these suggestions.
Discovery of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators Marks the Dawn of Resolution Physiology and Pharmacology

It is with great pleasure that I write this foreword and introduction to this Special Issue dedicated to the protective actions of the pro-resolving mediators and edited by my colleague Dr. Jesmond Dalli. Many of my collaborators and colleagues that helped to uncover the actions and clinical potential of the resolvins and other specialized proresolving mediators (SPM), namely, the superfamily of pro-resolving mediators that includes the resolvin (E-series, D-series and DPA-derived), protectin and maresin families, as well as the arachidonic acid-derived lipoxins, join me in this special issue. They have given contributions that present exciting new results on the remarkable actions and potency of these unique molecules, the SPM moving forward the importance of their mediators and pathways in human biology. Each contribution to this issue is presented by world authorities in their respective fields covering discoveries that demonstrate the importance and impact of resolution mediators in biology, medicine and surgery. While some of the authors were students and/or fellows with me and others, they are today the founding "resolutionists" of a new era of appreciation of autacoid biosynthesis and metabolomics in human health and disease with their rigorous attention to experimental detail and discovery. The chapters of this issue are filled with exciting new discoveries demonstrating the dynamics and potential of resolution mediators.
Transcatheter Treatment of Subaortic Stenosis Via Transcaval Access.

A 34-year-old woman with Down syndrome with a history of an atrioventricular canal repair and a mechanical mitral valve replacement came to our hospital due to worsening symptoms of heart failure. Echocardiography and computed tomography imagings revealed a thickened bicuspid aortic valve without
Introduction to Component Design

The first nine chapters in this text dealt exclusively with the development and use of the tools required to analyze members subjected to axial and transverse forces, to torques, and to bending moments as well as to combinations of these effects. In all instances, methods were developed to compute the stresses and deformations resulting from a given set of loading conditions.
Insect Community Diversity Tracks Degradation and Recovery of a Wastewater Assimilation Marsh in Southeast Louisiana

The assimilation of wastewater effluent into wetlands is used to combat land loss in Southeast Louisiana. This study reports on changes in benthic insect diversity at a wetland assimilation site over the course of multiple years of sampling, during which time an initially healthy marsh degraded to open water and subsequently partially-revegetated. Insects are commonly used to monitor the health of streams and rivers, but have rarely been used to study wetlands. Three year-long sampling bouts resulted in a collection of 3984 individuals, representing 33 families and 86 species. Insect diversity tracked the overall condition of the marsh over time. Simpson’s diversity was highest before degradation occurred, lowest at the height of degradation, and intermediate during the period of partial recovery. Species richness, however, was highest in the partially revegetated marsh community. Although this community included species characteristic of both the intact and degraded communities, it shared greatest affinity with the intact marsh. The dominant taxa present in these communities shifted from various beetles to chironomid flies and then back to beetles. Our finding that insect families readily track wetland condition will be a valuable management tool given the dramatically decreased time and expertise needed to identify specimens to family versus species.
Interlanguage and Cross-Generational Assimilation: Past Tense Unmarking in Hispanicized English:

This study analyzes an emerging variety of North Carolina Hispanicized English in terms of the grammatical variable of past tense marking. It compares variation in Durham, North Carolina, Hispanici...
High-Water Mark Fees with Stochastic Benchmark

A hedge fund manager receives high-water mark fees when the fund's relative return over a stochastic benchmark reaches a new maximum, and investments the fund in a constant investment opportunity, aiming to maximize the expected utility from fees in the long run. The manager chooses a Merton portfolio, like an investor who owns the fund if the Sharpe ratio $\nu$ of the fund investment opportunity is low. As $\nu$ increases and exceeds an endogenous threshold $\underline \nu$, the manager's effective risk aversion is shifted towards one, and the hedging component against the benchmark emerges and becomes larger, until it reaches the maximum if $\nu = \bar \nu > \underline \nu$, and keeps constant for $\nu >\bar{\nu}$. A stochastic benchmark in high-water mark fees introduces the moral hazard of risky fund investment with hedging motives, but also provides a possibility of regulating the manager's risk taking with a carefully chosen benchmark. Furthermore, the resulting optimal strategy confirms the empirical results that fund performance does not necessarily increase with the rate of performance fees.
A Marriage-Market Perspective of the College Gender Gap

I construct a tractable investments-and-marriage model where college and career investments, income distribution, marriage matching and marriage surplus division are simultaneously determined in the unique equilibrium. Evidence supports the model's prediction about the rise in women's college enrollment due to labor-market, marriage-market and social changes. Most importantly, a new equilibrium marriage-market channel explains the reversed college gender gap: more women than men go to college despite their shorter reproductive length that tampers with career investment incentive, because marginal college-investing women's marriage-market returns to college are endogenously higher. Finally I question the commonly predicted continued widening of the college gender gap.
Contrast Enema Examination: Technique and Essential Findings: RadioGraphics Fundamentals | Online Presentation

Barium enema studies continue to provide important and unique information to clinicians in an era of more advanced cross-sectional imaging.
Nocturnal behavior by a diurnal ape, the West African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus), in a savanna environment at Fongoli, Senegal

Objectives I report on the nocturnal behavior of Fongoli chimpanzees in a savanna mosaic during different seasons and lunar phases and test the hypothesis that hot daytime temperatures influence activity at night. I predicted that apes would be more active at night during periods of greater lunar illuminosity given diurnal primates' lack of visual specializations for low-light conditions and in dry season months when water scarcity exacerbated heat stress. Materials and methods I observed chimpanzees for 403 hrs on 40 nights between 2007 and 2013 and categorized their activity as social, movement, or vocalization. I scored their activity as occurring after moonrise or before moonset and considered the influence of moon phase (fuller versus darker phases) as well as season on chimpanzee nocturnal behavior in the analyses. Results Results indicate that apes were more active after moonrise or before moonset during fuller moon phases in the dry season but not the wet season. Most night-time activity involved movement (travel or forage), followed by social behavior, and long-distance vocal communication. Discussion Animals in highly seasonal habitats often exhibit thermoregulatory adaptations but, like other primates, chimpanzees lack physiological mechanisms to combat thermal stress. This study provides evidence that they may exhibit behaviors that allow them to avoid high temperatures in a savanna environment, such as feeding and socializing at night during the hottest time of year and in the brightest moon phases. The results support theories invoking thermal stress as a selective pressure for hominins in open environments where heat would constrain temporal foraging niches, and suggest an adaptability of sleeping patterns in response to external factors.
Explicit Speech Modeling for Microphone Array Applications

In this chapter we address the limitations of current approaches to using microphone arrays for speech acquisition and advocate the development of multi-channel techniques which employ an explicit model of the speech signal. The goal is to combine the advantages of spatial filtering achieved through beamforming with knowledge of the desired time-series attributes. We offer two examples of algorithms which incorporate this principle. The first is a frequency domain approach illustrating the utility of model-based microphone array processing for improved speech spectral analysis. The second is a time domain procedure which highlights the benefits of speech modeling/spatial filtering fusion for the purpose of improving speech quality.
Some Remarks on Practice of Flood Frequency and Risk Analysis by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, formerly the Federal Power Commission, has been in dam safety regulation since 1920. As of October 1, 1985, there were about 2,050 dams under our jurisdiction. Almost all of our spillway inflow design floods creep higher and higher with passing years. Mathematical probability methods provide no guidance to the shape and magnitude of the hydrographs of rare floods which would be substantially above the measured data. Risk analysis should include the probability of engineering, administrative, or other human error. Therefore, we require that the adequacy of both new and existing dams be evaluated by considering the hazard potential which would result from failure of the project works during flood flows. If structural failure would present a hazard to human life or cause significant property damage, the dam must withstand the loading or overtopping which may occur from a flood up to the probable maximum (risk analysis that involves loss of life is not permitted). We do in most cases, allow the dam owner to use risk analysis, if the failure will not cause loss of life or significant property damage.
Autonomic Dysfunction Versus Neuropathy

Unfortunately the “autonomic neuropathy” has inherited the misperception that it is not treatable. While this may be true due to a lack of sufficient information, it is no longer the case. This then begs the question, when does autonomic dysfunction become autonomic neuropathy. While neuropathy may now be treatable, given more information, it still leaves the physician with few therapy options. Autonomic dysfunction has more therapy options but is asymptomatic. In this chapter, we will discuss a recent study to highlight the difference between autonomic neuropathy and dysfunction, and provide another approach to differentiating stages of autonomic decline. There is actually two schools of thought: five stages of decline or six. The six stages of decline include a brief second stage which is early in the progression. It is not often observed. However, it may provide the insight needed to understand the etiology of high BP or hypertension secondary to many chronic diseases.
Heritable disorders of connective tissue: Description of a data repository and initial cohort characterization.

We describe a data repository on the heritable disorders of connective tissue (HDCT) assembled by the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program between 2001 and 2013. Participants included affected persons with a wide range of heritable connective tissue phenotypes, with clinical diagnoses updated in 2015, and unaffected family members. Elements include a comprehensive history and physical examination, standardized laboratory data, physiologic measures and imaging, standardized patient-reported outcome measures centered on overall health, pain, sleep and fatigue and an extensive linked biorepository. The NIA made a commitment to make the repository available to extramural investigators and deposited samples at the Coriell Tissue Repository (N=126) and GenTAC registry (N=132). The clinical dataset (“HDCT NIA Dataset v.2016”) was transferred to Penn State University College of Medicine Clinical and Translational Science Institute in 2016, and data elements and structure inventoried. The consented cohort of 1009 participants averaged 39 ± 18 years (mean ±SD, range 2-95) at consent; gender distribution is 71% F and 29% M, and 83% self-report Caucasian ethnicity. Diagnostic categories include Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (Classical N=50, Hypermobile N=99, Vascular N=101, Rare Types and Unclassified N=178), Marfan Syndrome (N=33), Stickler Syndrome (N=60), Fibromuscular Dysplasia (N=135), Other HDCT (N=72). Unaffected family members (N=218) contributed DNA for the molecular archive only. We aim to develop further discrete data from unstructured elements, analyze multi-symptom HDCT manifestations, encourage data use by other researchers and thereby better understand the complexity of these high-morbidity conditions and their multifaceted effects on affected persons.
Mixed reality deictic gesture for multi-modal robot communication

In previous work, researchers have repeatedly demonstrated that robots' use of deictic gestures enables effective and natural human-robot interaction. However, new technologies such as augmented reality head mounted displays enable environments in which mixed-reality becomes possible, and in such environments, physical gestures become but one category among many different types of mixed reality deictic gestures. In this paper, we present the first experimental exploration of the effectiveness of mixed reality deictic gestures beyond physical gestures. Specifically, we investigate human perception of videos simulating the display of allocentric gestures, in which robots circle their targets in users' fields of view. Our results suggest that this is an effective communication strategy, both in terms of objective accuracy and subjective perception, especially when paired with complex natural language references.
Retirement, Economics of

Abstract This article summarizes theory and evidence regarding the economics of retirement, a field that has experienced a surge of new research during the past two decades, due in part to the availability of new longitudinal data. Topics reviewed include the definition of retirement, retirement trends and patterns, and economic factors affecting retirement, including public and private pensions, wealth and savings, health and health insurance, and labor demand. The findings on these topics will be of use to policy makers around the world as they confront the opportunities and challenges posed by an aging population.
Gas transfer through the skin: a two-layer model relating transcutaneous flux to arterial tension.

Recent developments in clinical application of transcutaneous blood-gas sensors show promise for continuous, noninvasive monitoring of arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions (Huch et al., 1975). In practice, a probe placed in contact with the skin is used to measure the flux of gas between the skin and the gas space within the probe. The probe or skin electrode is calibrated to relate measured gas flux to arterial tension. Since the flux through the skin depends on many variables an accurate correlation between measured flux and blood-gas tension requires a basic understanding of the overall skin permeation process.
Impact of international entry choices on the nature and type of innovation: Evidence from emerging economy firms from the Indian bio-pharmaceutical industry

Abstract As emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) enter foreign countries in search of new markets, seeking to expand their knowledge bases, research on the type and nature of innovation activity is needed to address the impact of EMNEs’ choices related to international expansion. Building on prior literature on entry mode and location choices, as well as on organizational learning, we argue that how and where an EMNE expands internationally will impact the nature of its innovation. We carry out empirical analysis on a sample of 167 Indian bio-pharmaceutical firms for the period from 1997–2017. Our findings suggest that greenfield ventures foster innovation in core technologies, while cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) foster innovation in non-core technologies. In addition, locating subsidiaries in high income countries encourages product innovations, while locating in low income countries encourages process innovations. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on differences in learning outcomes of EMNE internationalization.
Happy today, satisfied tomorrow: emotion—satisfaction dynamics in a multi-week transit user smartphone survey

Travel well-being encompasses three dimensions: cognitive satisfaction judgments, positive emotions, and negative emotions. Most previous literature on transit users focused either on satisfaction or emotions, but not both, and generally relied on data from one day. This study explores the day-to-day dynamics of travel satisfaction and emotions using a panel data set collected over several weeks from transit users in San Francisco using a smartphone survey. First, we compared emotions and satisfaction experienced during travel to measurements from retrospective surveys conducted at the beginning and the end of the study. Average levels of negative emotions were lower on a daily basis than in retrospective surveys, and the latter align more with the highest reported levels of negative emotions. Second, our dynamic panel models show lagged effects of satisfaction and emotions from the previous day on daily satisfaction, suggesting that dissatisfaction and emotions experienced while riding transit may carry over to the following day, with the effects of satisfaction and emotions having opposite signs. Third, when comparing retrospective emotions for transit travel and car travel, we found that car travel evokes higher positive emotions and lower negative emotions; however car trips are also more frustrating and stressful. Our study provides evidence for the influence of emotions on satisfaction, and advances the survey methods literature on measuring satisfaction in real-time and retrospectively. It also illustrates the need to enhance satisfaction and subjective well-being of transit riders, who are often found to be the least satisfied among all transportation users.
Hacia una poética de la obsesión en Borges: formas e identidades rizomáticas

En el trabajo presente se examina la poesia tardia del escritor argentino Jorge Luis Borges y la manera en que la obsesion con la identidad se manifiesta no solamente como un tema principal, sino tambien la manera en que esta obsesion se desdobla en preocupaciones tanto temporales como formales. A la vez, la obsesion con la identidad y el interes en como se constituye el yo afirma una identidad no estable y un yo que esta en flujo continuo; lo que Deleuze y Guattari llaman una produccion nomada y rizomatica. El estudio de estas obsesiones de identidades y formas rizomaticas ofrece una nueva mirada hacia la poetica borgeana como una metapoetica de fugas. Al analizar la poesia de Borges dentro de tal esquema esquizoanalitico se puede comprobar y destacar las preocupaciones de identidad y como el desarrollo de tales obsesiones constituye la esencia indefinible y fugaz de la poetica borgeana.
Women's Work, Women's Knowing: Intellectual Property and the Recognition of Women's Traditional Knowledge

This Comment inserts a new question into the intellectual property academy's dialogue on traditional knowledge: Where are the women? Political scientist Cynthia Enloe insists that this is the crucial question for any feminist examination of global law and politics, and it is taken up here in order to apply a gendered lens to traditional knowledge-a perspective which, until now, has been largely absent. The Comment identifies the knowledge that women have possessed for generations as a gendered cultural possession deserving of a place in the international intellectual property rights framework. Women should not have to inhabit the largely Westernand male-dominated paradigm of the scientific inventor in order to gain recognition for and avoid exploitation of their knowledge by commercial actors in the international marketplace. However, legal protections for women's traditional knowledge must be extended in keeping with feminist values of equality and dignity; thus the Comment presents principles to be used in deciding how best to bring attention to women's traditional knowledge and applies them to three frameworks of international property rights. Finally, the Comment makes suggestions for future policy goals to further the recognition of women's traditional knowledge. IN TRO DUCTION 373 I. INVENTION, INNOVATIVE KNOWLEDGE, AND THE WOMAN OF SCIENCE ..... 374 A. Innovative Knowledge and the Scientific Ideal 375 B. Women and the Invention Paradigm 378 II. TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND THE VALUE OF "WOMEN'S WORK" ...... 380 * University of Pennsylvania, B.A. 2007; Yale Law School, J.D. expected 2010. This Comment was originally written for a class entitled "International Intellectual Property and Development" at the Yale Law School in Spring 2008, taught by Professor Madhavi Sunder. Many thanks to the brilliant Professor Sunder and my International IP classmates for their comments and insights, to Kamila Lis at the Yale Journal of Law and Feminism for her editorial guidance, and to my mother and sisters for just generally being fantastic. All errors or inaccuracies are, of course, my own. Copyright (D 2010 by the Yale Journal of Law and Feminism Women's Work, Women's Knowing A. Traditional Knowledge Generally 381 B. The Intersection of Traditional Knowledge and Women's K now ledge 385 C. Women's Knowledge in Feminist Perspective 388 III. PROTECTING WOMEN'S KNOWLEDGE IN PRACTICE 390 A. Women's Knowledge in Context: The Global Gender Agenda .... 390 B . Principles and Protections 392 1. The Pubic D om ain 395 2. Patents and Licensing 398 3. Geographical Indications 401 C O N CLU SIO N 403
Examining the Service Provider: Challenges (and Successes) in Assisting Victims of Violence and the Need for Self-Care

This chapter addresses the experiences of staff at agencies whose mission it is to assist the victims of family violence. Staff who work with perpetrators of family violence and their victims typically have high caseloads and difficult work situations. Although most of these staff have college degrees, few are trained in social work. Many have a bachelor’s degree in another field, where their education has included very little information directly relevant to their work. Frustration is generated because the staff may feel they are not helping abused children, battered women or victims of elder abuse. They may experience aggression or even violence from clients or other family members. As a result of this workplace frustration, staff may experience burnout or compassion fatigue. This is especially found for those in child welfare. Job turnover is very high in this area, especially, but also for staff in adult protective services and battered women’s shelters. However, in spite of these frustrations and difficult work settings, some staff find great satisfaction in their work. For those whose burnout is high, self-care of various types are often recommended. The agencies themselves may provide training in self-care. Many have suggested that agencies need to do more to assist staff.
The impact of strategic partnerships on crowdfunding outcomes: Which ties really matter?

The nascent research on crowdfunding has highlighted the importance of social capital for entrepreneurs seeking to finance their ventures. However, the question of whether social capital can be lev...
Feminist global decadence

To conceive of modernist feminist decadence without rehashing, let alone reinscribing, the primacy of the historical movement demands particularly malleable approaches to feminism, including fresh ...
Clinical utility of 18 F-Fluciclovine PET/CT in recurrent prostate cancer with very low (≤0.3 ng/mL) prostate-specific antigen levels.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT detection rates in the evaluation of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients with very low (≤0.3 ng/mL) serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels following definitive treatment. Prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence and very low serum PSA (≤0.3 ng/mL) who underwent clinical 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT were included in this single-institution retrospective study. PET/CT clinical reports at the time of interpretation were reviewed and categorized as positive or negative. In patients who had further evaluation with imaging and/or biopsy, the results were recorded to determine the true detection rate. Of the 64 eligible patients with very low serum PSA (median serum PSA of 0.17 ng/mL), 57.8% (37/64) scans were categorized as positive. Stratified by PSA levels, positivity rates were 43.8% (7/16), 60.0% (15/25) and 65.2% (15/23) for PSA<0.1 ng/mL, 0.1-<0.2 ng/mL and 0.2-≤0.3 ng/mL, respectively. The most common location of disease was the prostate bed (73%), followed by pelvic lymph nodes (22%) and distant disease (14%). In the small subset of patients who had further evaluation after a positive study (n=7), all had confirmed disease with a positive predictive value of 100%. In conclusion, among prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence, 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT is useful in patients with very low serum PSA of ≤0.3 ng/mL, with a 57.8% positivity rate, higher than previously reported. Though standard of truth could only be ascertained in 19% (7/37) of patients with a positive study, the positive predictive value was 100%.
Centrifugal ovule inception

Nine samples from Sattler (1973) were found to exhibit a remarkable correlation between the sequence of ovule inception and ovary structure. In every case, the sequence of ovule inception is centrifugal from its supposed final position of the floral apex. Thus, it is hypothesized that ovules are initiated centrifugally from their floral apex and that this is regulated in some mechanical way. To prove this hypothesis, ontogenetical development of the ovary was reexamined inSilene cucubalus, where the sequence of ovule inception was expected to be not simply basipetal but basipetal on the central column and acropetal on the septal protuberances. The results appear to support the hypothesis. A basipetal sequence is clearly visible on the central column. Although the ovule number is very small on the septal placenta, an acropetal sequence can be recognized, i.e., the distal primordia are obviously initiated later than the proximal ones. Two possible mechanisms for centrifugal ovule inception are suggested: (1) that it is regulated by chemical information diffusing from the floral apex or (2) that it is dependent on gradation of cell age in the placenta. The second mechanism is discussed and supporting evidence is suggested in the epidermal cell arrangement of the septal wall.
Opportunistic Infections in Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation

Advances in supportive care have led to significant improvements in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) outcomes over the last decade. This has led to performance of significantly more alternative donor HCTs for a wide variety of nonmalignant diseases, including T-cell and phagocyte primary immunodeficiencies, hemoglobinopathies, bone marrow failure syndromes, and metabolic syndromes. However, these children often have relatively intact immune systems at the time of HCT and thus require increased pre-HCT immunoablation to prevent graft rejection. This often leads to delays in post-HCT immune reconstitution, which in turn is associated with significant opportunistic infections. There is also evidence that certain opportunistic infections may play a role in the triggering of alloreactivity and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Since GVHD is another significant component of TRM following allogeneic HCT, further understanding of the interplay between opportunistic infections and initiation of GVHD may provide another avenue towards making HCT a safer procedure with improved overall outcomes. The wide spectrum of opportunistic infections encountered in HCT patients, including bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal infections, as well as recommendations for post-HCT vaccinations, are discussed here.
Can abstract state machines be useful in language theory

Abstract state machines (originally called evolving algebras) constitute a modern computation model [8]. ASMs describe algorithms without compromising the abstraction level. ASMs and ASM based tools have been used in academia and industry to give precise semantics for computing artifacts and to specify software and hardware [1, 2, 6]. In connection to the conference on Developments in Language Theory, we consider how and whether ASMs could be useful in language theory.
Extremely Red Galaxies in the Phoenix Deep Survey

The Phoenix Deep Survey (PDS) is a multiwavelength survey based on deep 1.4 GHz radio observations used to identify a large sample of star forming galaxies to z=1. Here we present an exploration of the evolutionary constraints on the star-forming population imposed by the 1.4 GHz source counts, followed by an analysis of the average properties of extremely red galaxies in the PDS, by using the “stacking” technique.
Simple Rules for Monetary Policy

What is a good monetary policy rule for stabilizing the economy? In this paper, efficient policy rules are computed using the FRB/US large-scale open-economy macroeconometric model. Simple three-parameter policy rules are found to be very effective at minimizing fluctuations in inflation, output, and interest rates: Increases in rule complexity yield only trivial reductions in aggregate variability. Under rational expectations, efficient policies smooth the interest rate response to shocks and use the feedback from anticipated policy actions to stabilize inflation and output and to moderate movements in short-term interest rates. Policy should react to a multi-period inflation rate rather than the current quarter inflation rate; in fact, targeting the price level, as opposed to the inflation rate, involves only small additional stabilization costs. These results are robust to parameter and model uncertainty and the imposition of the non-negativity constraint on nominal interest rates. However, if expectations formation is invariant to policy, as in backward-looking models, the expectations channel is shut off and the performance of policies that are efficient under rational expectations may, as a result, deteriorate markedly; efficient policies, in contrast, exploit systematic expectational errors.
Transfer RNA Synthetase Proofreading of Amino Acids

In many cases, the intrinsic binding energies of amino acids to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are inadequate to give the required accuracy of translation. This has necessitated the evolution of a second determinant of specificity, proofreading or editing mechanisms that involve the expenditure of energy to remove errors in amino acid selection. Keywords: translational editing; homocysteine thiolactone; homoserine lactone; ornithine lactam; methionyl-coenzyme A thioester
The structure of a sulfated glycoprotein of chick allantoic fluid.

Abstract The molecular structure of a sulfated glycoprotein from chick chorioallantoic fluid has been investigated. The effect of alkali and alkali-borohydride under various conditions has been shown to lead to quantitatively and qualitatively different products of elimination and reduction. The carbohydrate chains of the products, by gel filtration, were heterogeneous, ranging from an average molecular weight of 1,100 to 2,600. The purified glycoprotein (mol wt 26,000 by gel filtration) contained a series of fatty acids bound to carbohydrate in ester linkage. The sialic acid of the glycoprotein was characterized as N-acetylneuraminic acid.
Symbolic Finite Differencing - Part I

Programming practice is limited by labor costs such as implementation design, program development, debugging, and maintenance (including evolution and integration). Because resource utilization is often difficult to predict precisely, the economics of software developement also depends on the risk of the implementation failing to meet its performance requirements. Consequently, complex algorithms are frequently avoided in large systems — even in optimizing compilers, where run-time performance of the compiled code is so important.
Mutations in a conserved region of RNA polymerase II influence the accuracy of mRNA start site selection

A sensitive phenotypic assay has been used to identify mutations affecting transcription initiation in the genes encoding the two large subunits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2). The rpb1 and rpb2 mutations alter the ratio of transcripts initiated at two adjacent start sites of a delta-insertion promoter. Of a large number of rpb1 and rpb2 mutations screened, only a few affect transcription initiation patterns at delta-insertion promoters, and these mutations are in close proximity to each other within both RPB1 and RPB2. The two rpb1 mutations alter amino acid residues within homology block G, a region conserved in the large subunits of all RNA polymerases. The three strong rpb2 mutations alter adjacent amino acids. At a wild-type promoter, the rpb1 mutations affect the accuracy of mRNA start site selection by producing a small but detectable increase in the 5'-end heterogeneity of transcripts. These RNA polymerase II mutations implicate specific portions of the enzyme in aspects of transcription initiation.
Hyperspherical Description of Two-Electron Systems

While the use of hyperspherical coordinates to describe two-electron systems is quite old,1–8 it was Macek’s9 introduction of a quasi-separable approximation in hyperspherical coordinates which made possible a host of theoretical studies elucidating the symmetries of doubly-excited states and the dynamics of processes involving two-electron atoms and ions. This work, up to about mid 1982, has been reviewed by Fano.10 However, much additional progress has been made since 1982, particularly on the symmetries of doubly excited electronic states, on the correspondences with molecular descriptions of two-electron systems, on the limitations of the quasi-separable approximation at small and at large distances, and on the hyperspherical descriptions of systems with an arbitrary number of electrons. It is the purpose of this and the next three papers, then, to present an updated review of our current theoretical understanding of electron correlations.
Folylpoly-γ-Glutamate Synthetases: Properties and Regulation

The substrate specificities of folylpolyglutamate synthetases from Corynebacterium species, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecalis, and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)** cells are described. The purified Corynebacterium enzyme catalyzes the addition of glutamate moieties to reduced pteroylmonoglutamates, and to 5,10-methylenetetra-hydropteroyldi- and triglutamates. The purified protein also possesses a separate dihydrofolate synthetase activity. Binding of pteroate substrates to dihydrofolate synthetase impairs folate binding to folylpolyglutamate synthetase. The in vivo distribution of folylpoly-glutamates in bacteria and mammalian cells, which differs from source to source, appears to be a reflection of the ability of folylpolyglut-amates to act as substrates for folylpolyglutamate synthetases from different sources. Bacterial synthetases use a variety of pteroylmonoglutamates as their preferred monoglutamate substrate, but use 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroyl polyglutamates as their preferred, and sometimes only, polyglutamate substrates. Mono- and polyglutamyl forms of tetrahydrofolate are the preferred substrates of the CHO cell synthetase. Products of one carbon metabolism do not affect the in vivo distribution of folylpolyglutamates in CHO cells. Although adenine changes the distribution of folylpolyglutamates in bacteria, this effect is mediated by changing the substrate availability for the synthetase reaction, and not by regulating the levels of the synthetase per se.
Conceptual Implicit Memory in Advertising Research

Summary A growing body of research examines the effect of advertising on implicit (unconscious or unintentional) forms of memory, in contrast with typical advertising research focusing on explicit (conscious or recollective) measures. This research primarily examines perceptual implicit memory, but conceptual implicit tests also have clear relevance for advertising research. The present experiments use a conceptual implicit test to determine if conceptual priming is obtained with brand materials and to assess the degree of explicit contamination (using a post-test awareness questionnaire). The experiments first demonstrated that awareness is a threat to conceptual implicit measures within the advertising context. Steps were taken to reduce awareness, which were successful. Results suggest that brands can be conceptually primed when presented as text or as images but that awareness has to be accounted for as aware participants did show significantly more priming than those who were unaware (Experiment 3). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probability of occurrence and habitat features for oriental bittersweet in an oak forest in the southern Appalachian mountains, USA

Abstract Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), an introduced vine from southeast Asia, has become a serious threat to native forests in the eastern United States. It is typical of many exotic species in that quantitative ecological relationships are unavailable for assessment or management. We devised a rapid survey technique useful for hazard rating and modeled the probability of occurrence of oriental bittersweet in relation to environment, competition, and disturbance in stands of deciduous hardwoods in mountainous terrain. Oriental bittersweet was present on 39% of the study area, which has been managed by the selection system of silviculture and was recently disturbed by hurricane-force winds. Bittersweet was significantly associated with (1) topographic variables indicative of mesic environments, (2) density of midstory arborescent vegetation, (3) overstory canopy gaps, (4) past silvicultural harvests, (5) overstory canopy composition, and (5) scarification of the forest floor. Search distance from plot center to the first individual of bittersweet was significantly less (P=0.04) on mesic than xeric sites. We developed a logistic regression model with five significant (P
The Electrification of the Mexican Railway

The Mexican Railway Company, Ltd., locally known as Ferrocarril Mexicano, was the first railway built in Mexico, having been opened to traffic January 1, 1873. The main line runs between Mexico City and Vera Cruz and is 264 mi. in length. There are six branch lines which increase the route miles to a total of 482. The most difficult portion of the line consists of 19 mi. of 4.7 per cent grade between Encinar and Boca del Monte where the table-land is reached. In 1921, when the road was returned to its owners, following five years of government operation, the property was found to be in an unsatisfactory condition, with operating expenses more than doubled, thereby increasing the operating ratio from 0.51 in 1914 to 0.79 in 1920. Higher wages and new working agreements were largely responsible and continued to become more difficult. The mountain division had about reached its maximum capacity with the existing equipment, making it necessary to consider improvements. A study of the operating costs of this section was made in 1921 from which it was apparent that the electrification of that section would readily relieve the congestion and make it possible to more than double the capacity of the line and at the same time accomplish a yearly saving of $523,000 in operating expense. The electrification was estimated to cost $2,420,000, thus indicating a return of 21 per cent on the gross investment including electric locomotives, in addition to the increased capacity and many other advantages.
Dose escalation in prostate cancer using intensity modulated neutron radiotherapy

Abstract Background and purpose Initial promising results of 3D conformal neutron radiotherapy (3D-CNRT) were subsequently limited by high normal tissue toxicities. It is now possible to deliver intensity modulated neutron radiotherapy (IMNRT). The present work compares photon IMRT, 3D-CNRT and IMNRT for three prostate patients to quantify the benefits of IMNRT. Materials and methods We compare updated 3D-CNRT plans, IMNRT plans, and conventional IMRT plans by translating neutron DVHs into effective photon DVHs using the dose dependent radiobiological effectiveness ( RBE ) for each structure. RBE curves are parameterized for a range of normal tissue and prostate tumor values. Generalized equivalent uniform dose ( gEUD ) and gEUD in 2Gy fractions ( gEUD 2 ) is calculated for each structure, plan, and parameterization. Rectal sparing and dose to prostate-GTV are compared for 3D-CNRT, IMNRT, and IMRT as a function of normal tissue and prostate RBE . Results The closer the RBE values of prostate tumor and normal tissue, the greater the advantage of IMNRT over 3D-CNRT. The rectal sparing achieved using IMNRT ranged from ∼5% to 13% depending upon the choice of RBE for rectum and the α / β value of prostate tumor. IMNRT may provide a theoretical dose advantage over photon IMRT if the α / β value of prostate is 1.5 and the RBEs of prostate and rectum differ by more than 5%. For higher values of prostate α / β any advantages of IMNRT over IMRT could require that the RBEs of prostate and rectum differ by as much as 20%. Conclusions IMNRT provides a clear normal tissue sparing advantage over 3D-CNRT. The advantage increases when the RBEs of the target structure and the normal tissue are similar. This RBE translation method could help identify clinical sites where the dose sparing advantages of IMNRT would allow for the exploitation of the radiobiological advantages of high-LET neutron radiotherapy.
Determining the Number of Primitive Shocks in Factor Models

A widely held but untested assumption underlying macroeconomic analysis is that the number of shocks driving economic fluctuations, q, is small. In this article we associate q with the number of dynamic factors in a large panel of data. We propose a methodology to determineq without having to estimate the dynamic factors. We first estimate a VAR in r static factors, where the factors are obtained by applying the method of principal components to a large panel of data, then compute the eigenvalues of the residual covariance or correlation matrix. We then test whether their eigenvalues satisfy an asymptotically shrinking bound that reflects sampling error. We apply the procedure to determine the number of primitive shocks in a large number of macroeconomic time series. An important aspect of the present analysis is to make precise the relationship between the dynamic factors and the static factors, which is a result of independent interest.
A COMPARITIVE STUDY OF W-CDMA CELL SEARCH DESIGNS

In this letter an Improved Cell Search Design using cyclic codes (Improved CSD) is compared with the 3GPP Cell Search Design using comma free codes (3GPP-comma free CSD) in terms of (1) hardware utilization on a field programmable gate array and (2) acquisition time measures for different probabilities of false alarm rates. Our results indicate that for an additive white Gaussian noise channel in a high signal-to-noise ratio the Improved CSD achieves faster synchronization with the base station and has lower hardware utilization when compared with the 3GPP-comma free CSD scheme under the same design constraints.
Nuclear spectroscopy of 50Cr

Abstract The nuclear excited states of 50 Cr were studied by means of the decay of 1.7 min 50 Mn, the 50 Cr(p, p' γ) and 52 Cr(p, t) reactions and Coulomb excitation with 35 Cl ions. Gamma-ray branching ratios and precise level energies were obtained for 23 excited states in 50 Cr. The L -values from the (p, t) reaction are employed to suggest or confirm the spin and parity assignments for eight excited states. The mean lifetime of the 783.3 keV 2 + state was determined as 12.1 ± 1.2ps from the measured B (E2)↑ value and as 10 ± 2ps from Doppler-shift measurements. The experimental level scheme for 50 Cr is compared with that for the cross-conjugate nucleus 46 Ti and with a calculated level scheme.
Capillary gas chromatographic analysis with electron capture detection of mononitroglycerins following intravenous administration of dinitroglycerins to beagles: Isomer-specific metabolism

Using a capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection assay method capable of measuring all the nitrated glycerins, we examined the metabolic conversion of the pure dinitroglycerins to their mononitrometabolites in beagles.
SOME REFLECTIONS CONCERNING FEMINIST PEDAGOGY

: This paper reflects on some of the risks and requirements of engagingin feminist pedagogy. Feminist pedagogy seeks to promote an interactive classroom, encourage a de-centered approach to the teaching and learning process, and take differences seriously. Some of these practices may pose risks for the practitioner in an established academic environment where one may be expected to make “pobjective” judgments and assign grades without regard for difference; where pedagogy designed to encourage an interactive classroom may be taken as indicating lack of “expertise” which is often only recognized as such in authoritative assertiveness. If there is a backlash against critiques of the canon and experimentalism in pedagogy, can feminist pedagogy be a coherent practice in today's academic institutions?