cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
It Takes Two: The Incidence and Effectiveness of Co‐CEOs

This study examines the phenomenon of co-CEOs within publicly traded firms. Although shared executive leadership is not widespread, it occurs within some very prominent firms. We find that co-CEOs generally complement each other in terms of educational background or executive responsibilities. Our results show that firms most likely to appoint co-CEOs have lower leverage, a more limited firm focus, less independent board structure, fewer advising directors, lower institutional ownership, and greater levels of merger activity. The governance structure of co-CEO firms suggests that co-CEOships can serve as an alternative governance mechanism, with co-CEO mutual monitoring substituting for board or external monitoring and co-CEO complementary skills substituting for board advising. An event study indicates that the market reacts positively to appointments of co-CEOs while a propensity score analysis shows that the presence of co-CEOs increases firm valuation.
Long-Term Global Heating From Energy Usage

Even if civilization on Earth stops polluting the biosphere with greenhouse gases, humanity could eventually be awash in too much heat, namely, the dissipated heat by-product generated by any nonrenewable energy source. Apart from the Sun's natural aging—which causes an approximately 1% luminosity rise for each 108 years and thus about 1°C increase in Earths surface temperature—well within 1000 years our technological society could find itself up against a fundamental limit to growth: an unavoidable global heating of roughly 3°C dictated solely by the second law of thermodynamics, a biogeophysical effect often ignored when estimating future planetary warming scenarios.
Case 35: Hypotension on Induction of Anesthesia in a Trauma Patient

A 12-year-old boy (50 kg) is admitted to the emergency room after a fall of 30 m while climbing in the local mountains. On admission he is pale, drowsy but conscious, and oriented for time and place. On examination, multiple abrasions are found all over his body. A large hematoma is found on the back of his head. His neurologic examination is normal. He has a compound fracture dislocation of his right ankle. His upper lumbar vertebrae are tender and so is the front of his sternum, but rib springing is pain free. His vital signs are stable (pulse 96 beats per minute (bpm), sinus rhythm, blood pressure [BP] 110/70, and hematocrit [Hct] 30 %). An intravenous (IV) line is started and crystalloids given. His chest and skull X-rays are normal. A compression wedge fracture of the body of the tenth thoracic vertebrae is found. The surgeon wants to proceed with internal fixation of the ankle fracture, and the patient is taken to the operating room. After all monitors are placed on the child, anesthesia is induced with a rapid-sequence technique consisting of ketamine, 75 mg, and succinylcholine, 80 mg. A 6-mm cuffed oral endotracheal tube (ETT) is inserted into the trachea and the lungs ventilated via a Narkomed 2B machine. The tidal volume is 500 ml. Shortly after induction of anesthesia, with no change in electrocardiogram (ECG) shape and form, the BP rapidly falls to 40 mmHg but the pulse remains unchanged. No other drugs have been given. The chest is seen to expand equally, and bilateral air entry is good, with no evidence of bronchospasm. The inflation pressure remains unchanged, there is no cutaneous manifestation of any allergy, and no abdominal distension is seen.
Rejoinder to Catherine Cornbleth

Catherine Cornbleth's response was a pleasant surprise. After a few passing ad hominem remarks, the response offered a notable restatement-or reinterpretation-of the theory underlying The Great Speckled Bird. The book the authors wrote, and I reviewed, provides an anxious analysis of the interethnic tensions that have occurred sporadically in the long, complex history of the United States. The book's tone is urgent and Manichean. For example, chapter 2 is a theoretical essay, designed to set the stage for the book's discourse; it is pervaded with a painful focus on apparent exploitation and resentment. In one chapter the word "power" is used seven times (47). Such a stress on raw force can eventually be selffulfilling; people and groups characterized in such hostile ways eventually feel driven to mobilize in self-defense.
Human and biophysical factors influencing modern fire disturbance in northern Wisconsin

Humans cause most wildfires in northern Wisconsin, but interactions between human and biophysical variables affecting fire starts and size are not well understood. We applied classification tree analyses to a 16-year fire database from northern Wisconsin to evaluate the relative importance of human v. biophysical variables affecting fire occurrence within (1) all cover types, and (2) within forest types in each of four different fire size groupings (all fires; fires ≥0.4 ha (1 acre); fires ≥4 ha (10 acres); fires ≥16 ha (40 acres)). Housing density was the most important indicator of fire observations. Increasing minimum fire size increased the relative importance of biophysical variables. Key biophysical variables included land cover type, soil moisture indicators, and an index of presettlement fire rotation associated with glacial landforms. Our results indicate the likelihood of fire starts is primarily influenced by human activity in northern Wisconsin, whereas biophysical factors determine whether those fire starts become large fires. Important interactions between human and biophysical variables were observed for nearly all fire types and size thresholds examined. Our results have implications for both ecological restoration and the management of fire risk within historically fire-prone systems currently experiencing rapid rural development.
Molecular Phylogeny of Grouse: Individual and Combined Performance of W-Linked, Autosomal, and Mitochondrial Loci

The phylogeny of grouse (Aves: Tetraoninae) was reconstructed using four noncoding loci: two were W-linked, one was autosomal, and one was the mitochondrial control region (CR). The rapidly evolving CR provided resolution throughout the tree, whereas the slowly evolving nuclear loci failed to resolve deeper nodes. The tree based on all four loci combined was almost identical to the CR tree and did not improve resolution or bootstrap support. The stemminess and imbalance of the trees were good determinants of the quality of the phylogenetic signal. The skewness of the tree score distribution (g(1)) behaved contrary to prediction; loci that had a more symmetric tree score distribution produced trees that had greater stemminess and balance. The quality of the phylogenetic signal was related to the evolutionary rate. Four clades of grouse were discovered. Two of these clades corresponded to currently recognized genera Bonasa and Lagopus. Bonasa was the sister to other grouse and Lagopus was the sister to the other two non-Bonasa clades. The third clade included Falcipennis, Tetrao, and Lyrurus. The fourth clade included the genera Centrocercus, Dendragapus, and Tympanuchus. The data support recognition of Falcipennis canadensis franklinii and Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus as species.
Selected Contribution: Variation in acute hypoxic ventilatory response is linked to mouse chromosome 9

Genetic determinants confer variation among inbred mouse strains with respect to the magnitude and pattern of breathing during acute hypoxic challenge. Specifically, inheritance patterns derived fr...
Non-Citizen Residents and Their Enjoyment of Republican Freedom

What is owed to long-term resident "aliens" and others in society who fall short of citizenship? I articulate a global republican framework for understanding the obligations of states to such non-citizen residents. Neo-republican freedom as non-domination has an inherently institutional existence, in the sense that the state provides the necessary context for its enjoyment. When it is properly checked by its citizens, the state functions as non-dominating "public power", protecting its citizens from private domination without becoming a source of domination itself. The non-citizens who reside in republican states, however, do not have the capacity to hold their state of residence to account, and they are thus denied the full enjoyment of republican freedom. I ask under which conditions non-citizen residents may be denied their voting and other political rights, given that these comprise the key to their freedom, and I argue that restrictions on civil and political freedoms can be justified only to the extent that republican states promise to empower non-citizen residents when their state of citizenship falls short.
Catatonia secondary to synthetic cannabinoid use in two patients with no previous psychosis

Background and Objectives Synthetic cannabinoids (SC) have become widely abused as recreational drugs, and are now known to carry risk of severe mental and physical health effects. Catatonia, spanning the gamut from motor retardation to agitation, can constitute a psychiatric emergency for which benzodiazepines are the mainstay of treatment. The purpose of this paper is to report on an unusual occurrence of catatonia in the context of synthetic cannabinoid use, and a discussion of treatment options that have been helpful as adjuncts to benzodiazepines. Methods We present two cases of catatonia occurring in context of SC use. The first patient was using SC quasi-daily for 18 months. The second patient used a large quantity over a two-week period. Both patients were admitted to our emergency center with catatonia and no overt psychosis or mood symptoms. Results The absence of pre-existing mood or psychotic disorder and the severity of catatonic symptoms separates these cases from other cases reported in the literature. Additionally, pharmacological management targeting gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin neurotransmitter systems were used, specifically aripiprazole and valproic acid, supplementing benzodiazepine administration; these were needed for optimal symptom control. Conclusions and Scientific Significance The above-reported cases are highly significant because of the severity of catatonic symptoms requiring inpatient hospitalization, the potential for rapid and severe decompensation with catatonia, and the atypical/unexpected development of catatonia with SC use. (Am J Addict 2016;25:25–27)
Analysis of The Judgments in República Democrática De Timor-Leste, Dili District Court, the Special Panels for Serious Crimes

This is a case analysis for publication in the multi-volume series Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals, Volume XVI. The contribution analyzes The Prosecutor v. Januario Da Costa and Mateus Punef, Judgement, The Prosecutor v. Francisco Perreira and Final Judgement, Deputy General Prosecutor for Serious Crimes v. Sisto Barros aka Xisto Barros and Cesar Mendonca. Issues analyzed include, command responsibility and presence, deportation, sufficiency of an indictment, joint criminal enterprise, specificity of conduct and theory of individual criminal responsibility in an indictment, pleading persecution, admissibility of statements of defendant and compliance with norms of other tribunals.
Pregnancy: its effects on blood pressure, heart rate and sympatho-adrenal activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

SummaryBlood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamine levels were compared in non-pregnant and term-pregnant SP-SHR, SHR, and WKY female rats. Rats were anesthetized with halothane and the ventral caudal artery was cannulated. The pregnancy success rate for hypertensive females (SP-SHR and SHR) was significantly lower than for WKY females (P < 0.01). Pregnancy was associated with an increase in heart rate for females of each strain (P < 0.05). No differences were observed between pregnant and control females of the three strains with regard to blood pressure or levels of circulating catecholamines. These findings indicate that pregnancy is not attended by further increases in blood pressure or sympatho-adrenal activity in SP-SHR, SHR, or WKY females. Additional studies of SHR females may provide an experimental model for the evaluation and treatment of complications arising during pregnancy in patients with chronic hypertension.
Biomimic Light Trapping Silicon Nanowire Arrays for Laser Desorption/Ionization of Peptides

This article describes a low cost method of generating silicon nanowire arrays that have similar structure and light trapping ability as moth-eye for matrix-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of small molecules without matrix peak interference. The nanowire array is produced by combining low cost nanosphere lithography and metal nanoparticle-assisted chemical etching of silicon. Owing to their excellent light trapping ability over broad spectral range, silicon nanowire arrays can absorb incoming laser light efficiently, and convert laser energy to heat, which allows efficient desorption/ionization of intact peptide/proteins without matrix. Compared to existing matrix-free substrate such as porous silicon substrates, the biomimic silicon nanowire arrays are better in terms of lower laser energy, structural tunability, and low spatial resistance.
Abstract LB-183: Identification of anti-cancer activity in structural components of ancestral wheat

In 2009 the average American consumed 134.9 lbs of wheat, making this staple crop a primary source of calories, fiber, and nutrients in the human diet; however little is known about the anti-cancer activity of small molecules present in wheat. In this study, more than 75 wild and less domesticated wheat varieties were extracted using a modified Bligh Dyer technique for in vitro screening. Dried extracts were dissolved in DMSO, diluted with cell culture medium, and evaluated for anticancer activity against MDA-MB-468 (ER- & PR-) and T47D (ER+ & PR+) human breast cancer cell lines in 96-well plate format as assessed by crystal violet staining. The results showed that diploid species of Middle Eastern origin, where human cultivation of wheat began 9000 years ago, have a remarkable ability to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells compared to the domesticated species of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, which have little or no effect. Furthermore, this anti-cancer activity resides exclusively in the straw-like fibrous hull surrounding the wheat seed, which is not consumed by humans. Principal components analysis of wheat metabolites, analyzed via UPLC-TOF-MS, demonstrated that wheat varieties capable of inhibiting the growth of human breast cancer cells in vitro are chemically distinct from the varieties that do not have inhibitory capability, suggesting that small molecules may be associated with the inhibitory effect. Taken together, these data suggest that ancestral diploid wheat, which is now rarely grown and even more rarely consumed, may possess significant anti-cancer potential in the hulls, and that this anti-cancer potential is an opportunity for advancement of breast cancer prevention through identification of bioactive components and wheat varieties. This work was supported by a grant from the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-183. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-183
The reacting transverse jet in supersonic crossflow: physics and properties (invited)

Combustion in the supersonic regime presents several challenges when compared to its low-speed counterpart. Here we review some of these challenges, and we describe some of the key features of one of the canonical flow fields in supersonic combustion: the reacting transverse jet in a supersonic crossflow (JISCF). From a practical standpoint, the key challenges that limit the control of this combustion regime are fast mixing, robust flame holding and stability. In turn, these aspects are controlled by the complex effects introduced by chemistry, compressibility, shocks and shock/flow interactions, turbulence and the underlying coupling among them. Some of their properties are discussed here. In particular, for a JISCF in a Mach 2.4 high enthalpy crossflow, the reaction zone structure, its dependence on near-wall events, boundary layer, and shock/boundary layer interaction are described. We demonstrate the paramount importance of the coupling between boundary layers and compressibility to provide mechanisms for flame stabilization at the wall. Mixing characteristics, overall structure, and the link to global parameters (momentum flux, velocity and density ratios) that characterize the JISCF, and possibly free shear supersonic flows in general, is also highlighted from non-reacting experiments.
Optimization algorithm for approximate curve of point-clouds base on curvature distribution and error distribution

To improve accuracy of shape information so as to optimize the approximate curve of point-clouds,an optimization algorithm was proposed based on curvature distribution and error distribution.Firstly,a non-optimal B-spline curve within the error limit was rapidly established to obtain more accurate curvature distribution.And then,the corner-points which were greater than the curvature threshold were chosen as the seed points.The cubic spline approximate curve with sequence number parameters was established by this seed points.If the error of approximate curve was greater than the error limit,the added position of a new dominant point was determined based on the error distribution so as to decrease the maximum error after adding every time.Experiments showed that the control points number of approximate curves was remarkably decreased.
Relationship of myocardial metabolism and coronary flow: dependence on extracellular calcium.

The hypothesis that extracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]e) influences the transmission of vasoregulatory information from the heart to coronary smooth muscle was examined. The isolated, retrogradely perfused rat heart was used to evaluate vascular reactivity to transient infusion of either 0.88 mM Amytal (amobarbital), hypoxia (95% N2-5% CO2), or 12 microM adenosine in the presence and absence of 2.5 microM verapamil. Amytal alone enhanced coronary flow by 78% and lactate efflux by 10-fold, whereas it decreased O2 consumption by 40% and the ratio of the free cytosolic concentrations of ATP-to-ADP times the intracellular concentration of inorganic phosphate ([ATP]f/[ADP]f[Pi]) by 10-fold. These responses were attenuated by preperfusion with verapamil, i.e., flow and lactate efflux increased by 4% and fourfold, respectively, and O2 consumption and [ATP]f/[ADP]f/[Pi] decreased by 8% and threefold, respectively, as compared with values attained with verapamil at steady state. Washout of the calcium channel antagonist by perfusion for 55 min with a verapamil-free medium resulted in a return of metabolic variables to control levels. Subsequent infusion of Amytal induced metabolic changes that were similar to those obtained before exposure to the calcium antagonist, but flow rose only by 26%. Vascular responses to hypoxia were similarly modified, whereas those to adenosine were unaffected. Hearts perfused with media containing either low [Ca2+]e or 10 microM diltiazem and exposed to Amytal produced flow patterns analogous to those perfused with verapamil. These data, in part, distinguish changes in vascular resistance that occur in response to cardiac metabolism from those which result from agents with direct action on smooth muscle, in particular, adenosine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
T-cell antigen receptors.

The current knowledge of the human T-cell antigen receptor in genetic, biochemical, and functional terms is reviewed. The application of that knowledge, along with that of recombinant DNA methodology, to the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases is discussed.
Effects of Metaphylactic Antibiotics on Behavior of Feedlot Calves

Three 21-d trials were conducted at a commercial feedlot near Wellton, Arizona to determine the effects of metaphylactic injectable antibiotics on feeding and watering behavior and on animal health and growth performance of feedlot calves. Newly received male calves (n = 150, 150, and 148 for Trials 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1) no injectable antibiotic (control), 2) tilmicosin (TIL) subcutaneously (s.c.) 3) florfenicol i.m. (FIM), or 4) florfenicol s.c. (FSC). Throughout the 21-d trials, calves were observed and documented as morbid or healthy. Daily feeding and watering behaviors were collected for trials 2 and 3. A smaller (P=0.001) percentage of TIL, FIM, and FSC calves were identified as morbid (average, 27%) compared with control calves (47%), and ADG was greater (P=0.04) for TIL, FIM, and FSC calves (average, 0.42 kg/d) than for control calves (0.23 kg/d). Calves castrated before arrival had greater (P=0.001) ADG (0.53 vs 0.21 kg/d) and lower (P=0.05) mortality (0 vs 3.5%) during the first 21 d than did calves castrated upon arrival at the feedlot. Calves that remained healthy had greater (P=0.001) ADG than did calves that became morbid (0.78 vs−0.03 kg/d). Calves treated with TIL, FIM, or FSC had increased (P=0.02) feeding bouts per day in Trial 3 compared with control calves (average, 11 vs 9 bouts/d). Total feeding time was increased (P=0.005) for FIM calves compared with control, TIL, and FSC calves in Trial 3. No differences (P>0.10) were observed in watering behavior because of antibiotic treatment. Metaphylactic injectable antibiotics administered upon calves’ arrival at the feedlot did not reduce the total time newly received feedlot calves spent feeding, decreased the incidence of morbidity by 43%, and improved growth performance during the 21-d receiving period.
Big Data and Analytics in the Modern Audit Engagement: Research Needs

SUMMARY: Modern audit engagements often involve examination of clients that are using Big Data and analytics to remain competitive and relevant in today's business environment. Client systems now are integrated with the cloud, the Internet of Things, and external data sources such as social media. Furthermore, many engagement clients are now integrating this Big Data with new and complex business analytical approaches to generate intelligence for decision making. This scenario provides almost limitless opportunities and the urgency for the external auditor to utilize advanced analytics. This paper first positions the need for the external audit profession to move toward Big Data and audit analytics. It then reviews the regulations regarding audit evidence and analytical procedures, in contrast to the emerging environment of Big Data and advanced analytics. In a Big Data environment, the audit profession has the potential to undertake more advanced predictive and prescriptive-oriented analytics. The next s...
A Novel Collaboration to Reduce the Travel-Related Cost of Residency Interviewing.

Introduction: Interviewing for residency is a complicated and often expensive endeavor. Literature has estimated interview costs of $4,000 to $15,000 per applicant, mostly attributable to travel and lodging. The authors sought to reduce these costs and improve the applicant interview experience by coordinating interview dates between two residency programs in . Methods: Two emergency medicine residency programs scheduled contiguous interview dates for the 2015-2016 interview season. A survey was used to assess applicant experiences interviewing in and attitudes regarding coordinated scheduling. Data on utilization of coordinated dates were obtained from interview scheduling software. The target group for this intervention consisted of applicants from medical schools outside that completed interviews at both programs. Results: Of the 158 applicants invited to both programs, 84 (53%) responded to the survey. Scheduling data was available for all applicants. The total estimated cost savings for target applicants coordinating interview dates was $18,600. The majority of target applicants reported that this intervention increased the ease of scheduling (84%), made them less likely to cancel the interview (82%) and saved them money (71%). Conclusions: Coordinated scheduling of interview dates was associated with significant estimated cost savings and was reviewed favorably by applicants across all measures of experience. Expanding use of this practice geographically and across specialties may further reduce the cost of interviewing for applicants.
Association of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) with inferior progression-free survival with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer.

3633 Background: Deranged epigenetic regulation is thought to play an important role in pathogenesis and behavior of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is associated with distinct tumor biology, which may have differential sensitivity to targeted drug therapy. We hypothesized that methylation status affects susceptibility to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Methods: 195 mCRC patients initially tested as KRAS wild-type had tumor tissue successfully tested for CIMP status via bisulfite pyrosequencing and PCR amplification of MINT1, MINT2, and MINT31 loci and promoter sequences of p14, p16, and hMLH1. Next generation sequencing for KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS mutations was done. The duration of the first anti-EGFR mAb treatment and reason for cessation was retrospectively determined, and log-rank test was used for comparisons of progression-free survival (PFS). Cox regression analysis was performed. Results: 162 patients received...
Evaluation of biosecurity measures to prevent indirect transmission of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

The effectiveness of biosecurity methods to mitigate the transmission of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) via farm personnel or contaminated fomites is poorly understood. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of biosecurity procedures directed at minimizing transmission via personnel following different biosecurity protocols using a controlled experimental setting. PEDV RNA was detected from rectal swabs of experimentally infected (INF) and sentinel pigs by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Virus shedding in INF pigs peaked at 1 day post infection (dpi) and viral RNA levels remained elevated through 19 dpi. Sentinel pigs in the low biosecurity group (LB) became PEDV positive after the first movement of study personnel from the INF group. However, rectal swabs from pigs in the medium biosecurity (MB) and high biosecurity (HB) groups were negative during the 10 consecutive days of movements and remained negative through 24 days post movement (dpm) when the first trial was terminated. Viral RNA was detected at 1 dpm through 3 dpm from the personal protective equipment (PPE) of LB personnel. In addition, at 1 dpm, 2 hair/face swabs from MB personnel were positive; however, transmission of virus was not detected. All swabs of fomite from the HB study personnel were negative. These results indicate that indirect PEDV transmission through contaminated PPE occurs rapidly (within 24 h) under modeled conditions. Biosecurity procedures such as changing PPE, washing exposed skin areas, or taking a shower are recommended for pig production systems and appear to be an effective option for lowering the risk of PEDV transmission between groups of pigs.
Courting Abolition (Book Review)

This Review of Courting Death offers a different take on two of Professor Carol Steiker and Professor Jordan Steiker's major themes: (1) the tension between effecting meaningful reform and legitimatizing legal facades, and (2) the future of the American death penalty. The Review argues several points, one being that the Model Penal Code may have had a larger pre-Furman impact than the Steikers acknowledge. In addition, the Review expands on some key contributors to the death penalty’s decline that may have been obscured by the all-encompassing nature of the Steikers’ regulation argument — for example, the emergence of unforeseeable exogenous variables (similar to the introduction of DNA evidence into criminal trials in the 1980s), as well as pressure points that exist largely outside of the constitutional regulatory framework, such as lethal injection litigation. Despite these influences, the Review finds the Steikers’ prediction — that, when abolition seems right, it will come by way of a “Furman II” Supreme Court decision — to readily comport with the death penalty’s trajectory over the last fifty years.
TIME-DEPENDENT RESPONSE OF HIGHLY DUCTILE FIBER-REINFORCED CEMENT-BASED COMPOSITES

ABSTRACT The time-dependent response of a ductile fiber-reinforced cementitious composite referred to as Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) has been investigated. A series of compressive creep and shrinkage experiments has been conducted on ECC specimens as well as unreinforced specimens (i.e. no fibers). Two different ECC mix designs were investigated along with two corresponding unreinforced mix designs. Experimental results include information about shrinkage, basic creep, drying creep, and creep recovery of the ECC material. It was found that ECC developed greater creep strains than an identical cementitious mix without fibers. Two possible causes for the difference observed in creep response were surface cracking and permeability. Surface cracking was measured and taken into account for an additional assessment of the creep response of the materials. A small set of permeability tests on ECC and unreinforced specimens were also conducted.
Betting on the Coachable Entrepreneur: Signaling and Social Exchange in Entrepreneurial Pitches:

Given that stakeholders often commit more than capital to a startup, they commonly stress how important it is for entrepreneurs to be “coachable.” To date, however, coachability has received little...
Relating the Firm’s Global Production Network to Its Strategy

This chapter provides a high-level review of the literature on global production networks and suggests that this area offers a fertile ground for future research. An important issue deserving attention is the relationship between the firm’s strategy (particularly its manufacturing strategy) and the structure of its global production network. The chapter offers a model for this analysis. The model allows delayering the production network into clusters of plants based on the characteristics of the products they produce and the production processes they use to produce them, and gauges whether each cluster has the appropriate level of resources to carry out its strategic mission. The chapter also reviews the literature on transfer of know-how in global production networks. This is another area that deserves attention, particularly the choice of appropriate mechanism for this transfer under different conditions.
Review of “Space and spatial cognition: a multidisciplinary perspective”

The new book by Michel Denis, Space and Spatial Cognition: A Multidisciplinary Perspective (2018, Routledge) delivers what it promises, covering almost all topics on spatial phenomena, not just on ...
Forschungsfrage und Forschungsdesign

Der Forschungsfokus richtet sich auf die indivdiuelle Genese von Sozialer Identitat in Hinsicht auf die Peers durch den Ubergang von der Grundschule auf die weiterfuhrenden Schulen und deren Effekte fur den einzelnen Schuler auf den drei Transitionsebenen, d. h. dem indivdiuellen, interaktionalen und kontextuellen Niveau. Zudem interessiert, ob die Soziale Identitat im Sinne einer protektiven Ressource nutzen kann.
Existence Theorems for Linear Systems

This chapter is concerned with the existence of solutions to dual homogeneous linear systems. In this regard, we shall deal with pairs of finite systems of homogeneous linear equations and/or inequalities in which the variables are either nonnegative or unrestricted in sign. Specifically, these systems are structured in a fashion such that there is a one-to-one correspondence between unrestricted variables in one system and equations in the other; and between nonnegative variables in one system and inequalities in the other. Moreover, the coefficient matrix in one system is the negative transpose of the coefficient matrix of the other.
The Metaphysics of American Law

s from the infinite data of everyday life to provide a structure that determines which particular details are relevant in her story, the interpretive constructs of an ideology abstract from the thick texture of the world to provide a structure that determines which particular aspects of the world are seen as meaningful, and finally which aspects are seen. When particular representational categories for dividing up the world are reified and achieve a hegemony in a particular community, description is taken as fact rather than "mere" opinion or ideology. In such a context, the social conventions for representing the world are viewed as flowing from the way the world really is. Their contingent and provisional status is supressed. Fiction is presented as truth.
Transfection and cloning of genes for membrane antigens using the FACS

In order to facilitate cloning of genes for cell surface molecules, we cotransfected LTK− mouse fibroblasts with thymidine kinase (TK) genes and total human or mouse DNA. TK+ cells, selected by growth in HAT medium, were stained with fluorochrome conjugated monoclonal antibodies or other fluorescent ligands which bind to one or another membrane differentiation antigen or receptor. We isolated fluorescent transfectants expressing these molecules using a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). For some antigens, spontaneous gene amplification occurred. By repeated cycles of FACS sorting and regrowth we obtained high expressing clones. We then isolatedcDNA and genomic clones using selectedcDNA probes to screen phage withcDNA inserts. DNA from virtually any tissue source transfected equally well for the various molecules except for DNA from a trophoblast derived choriocarcinoma cell line which did not transfect for Leu-2.
The Quality of Online Resources Available to Patients Interested in Knee Biologic Therapies Is Poor.

As the use of biologic therapies for the management of knee pathology continues to expand, it is more likely that patients will turn to the Internet to gather information on this topic. Given the lack of scientific consensus on the use of biologics, care providers must understand what information is available online. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of websites that patients may use to educate themselves on knee biologics. Websites were identified using search terms relevant to multiple biologic therapies available for knee pathology. Websites were scored based on an author-derived grading rubric, with a total of 25 possible points relating to the role of knee biologics in the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of knee pathology. Websites were categorized based on the source (e.g., physician-operated website vs. industry-related website). Reading level was assessed with the Flesch-Kincaid readability test. The initial search yielded 375 results, with 96 websites meeting final inclusion criteria. Mean website score was poor, at 6.01 of the 25 possible points (24.0%). Physician websites were the most common, with 60% of the articles identified. Industry-related websites scored the lowest (mean, 3.2 ± 0.97) while hospital-related websites scored the highest (mean, 8.3 ± 2.93). Overall, websites published from hospitals or orthopedic professional societies had significantly higher scores than other websites. The search term “knee PRP” yielded higher-quality results than “knee platelet rich plasma.” Similarly, “knee BMAC” led to better results than “knee bone marrow aspirate concentrate.” The average reading level was 11.4. Many online resources are available for patients seeking information about knee biologic therapies, but the quality of websites identified was very poor. Patients should be counseled that the information available online for knee biologic therapy is unreliable. Surgeons should play an increased role in providing resources to patients and educating them on biologic options.
Dance Trends: Contemporary or Modern: What Do We Teach?

For many years the conversation about how to name our current teaching practices in what is sometimes named modern dance and sometimes named contemporary dance has both students and faculty alike p...
A Novel, Non-Invasive Approach to Diagnosing Urinary Tract Obstruction Using CFD.

Aims Urinary tract obstruction is a common clinical problem involving narrowing anywhere along the ureters or urethra. Current diagnostic methods are invasive and costly, and urologists are constantly seeking new, inexpensive, non-invasive measures to diagnose obstruction. The present study investigates diagnostic applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to urinary tract obstruction for the first time. Methods Various hypothetical models were initially created in Gambit 2.1.6, in which the physics of flow was evaluated based on varying geometries and conditions. These models presented short segments of the tract and possible effects of obstruction. Flow analysis was conducted in Fluent 6.1.22 by comparing contours of velocity, static pressure, dynamic pressure, total pressure, and wall shear stress to results predicted by flow theory. Realistic models of both healthy and obstructed urethras and ureters were then similarly created and simulated. Results CFD equations accurately predicted the expected flow characteristics through both hypothetical and realistic models. Comparison of modeled urethral outlet velocity to human uroflowmetry data shows that the simulated conditions are almost identical to realistic human flow. Conclusions The accuracy of the models suggests clinical potential of using CFD with current techniques in human tract analysis, secondary flow effects, disease prevention, and non-invasive diagnosis.
Optimization of Tongue Gesture Processing Algorithm for Standalone Multimodal Tongue Drive System

Multimodal tongue drive system (mTDS) is an assistive technology, which uses speech, tongue, and head movements of people with tetraplegia to help them control devices such as wheelchairs, PCs, or smartphones. In order to process tongue gestures, it is required to solve the magnetic dipole equation, which is computationally expensive to execute in a wearable embedded hardware. In this paper, a support vector machine with linear kernel-based algorithm is proposed, which uses an additional magnetometer that has 96.1% accuracy with a 2.2% sensitivity and 1.8% specificity among 15 participants, is computationally efficient for mTDS, generates high-performance classification results despite small changes of magnet positions (−5 to 5 mm) and orientations (−10° to 10°) from a four-dimensional robot emulated tongue movement data compared to five other algorithms. This algorithm generates more accurate results to control devices independently despite the Midas-touch problem between speech and tongue movements.
A Hypervisor-Based Privacy Agent for Mobile and IoT Systems

We present a design for a mobile and IoT data privacy agent that lives in software on end devices. Our privacy agent learns and enforces a user's privacy policy across all devices that he manages. Implemented as a hypervisor onboard the end device, our privacy agent sits between the device's hardware and its application software. It can inspect, modify, block, and inject I/O traffic between the device's main CPU and its peripherals. The key advantage of our architecture is that, unlike network middleboxes, the hypervisor can track all I/O transactions in unencrypted form. This makes our privacy agent potentially much more effective than those that only monitor network traffic because it can track and modify plaintext data. Our privacy agent also gives users the ability to impose a uniform privacy policy across all devices that they manage, which minimizes the burden and possibility of error that arise when setting privacy policy on individual devices. Since the notion of per-user (as opposed to per-app) privacy policy is relatively new, there has not been much opportunity for researchers to think about how to define and implement policy on that scale. We propose a method for learning a user's privacy policy one time and automatically implementing it in a context-aware fashion on multiple devices.
Afterword: Rethinking Ethnographic Entanglements of Care and Control

This afterword highlights the importance of these articles in relation to care and control in Asian migration. The collection introduces new areas for ethnographic research and new analytic approac...
A model of electrodiffusion and osmotic water flow and its energetic structure

We introduce a model for ionic electrodiffusion and osmotic water flow through cells and tissues. The model consists of a system of partial differential equations for ionic concentration and fluid flow with interface conditions at deforming membrane boundaries. The model satisfies a natural energy equality, in which the sum of the entropic, elastic and electrostatic free energies are dissipated through viscous, electrodiffusive and osmotic flows. We discuss limiting models when certain dimensionless parameters are small. Finally, we develop a numerical scheme for the one-dimensional case and present some simple applications of our model to cell volume control.
Turbulence in Stratified Fluids

Turbulence and stratification are common features of environmental flows, and their interactions lead to a myriad of flow phenomena of dynamical interest. These flow phenomena are described based on a dynamical framework provided by the equations of motion. Various broad categories of stratified turbulent flows are identified and their characteristics are briefly reviewed.
Implementation of a Reading Program in the Intensive Care Nursery Decreases Socio-economic and Racial Disparities in Parent-infant Verbal Interactions: A Pilot Model for Early Language Intervention Among High Risk Preterm Infants

"Background": Preterm infants in the intensive care unit (ICN) are often deprived of the consistent parent-infant verbal interactions needed for normal language development. The effectiveness of an inpatient reading program in increasing these verbal interactions while bridging previously reported socio-economic and racial disparities among parents of high risk preterm infants remains unknown. "Objective": To assess the effectiveness and sustainability of an inpatient reading program aimed at increasing parent-infant verbal interactions among families of premature infants of various socio-demographic backgrounds. "Methods": A prospective, qualitative pilot study of reading practices among parents …
Model-free pose estimation using point cloud data

Abstract A model-free pose (relative attitude and position) estimation process using point cloud data is developed to support envisioned autonomous satellite servicing missions. Unlike model-based pose estimation that typically requires a three-dimensional geometric model of a satellite to be serviced, the model-free pose estimation presented in this paper employs object features detected in situ using point cloud data. Its overall process is similar to existing model-free pose estimation algorithms in that it requires edge detection, object boundary identification, edge vector determination to form an orthogonal triad for attitude estimation, and object area and centroid calculation for position estimation with respect to the sensor. However, significant improvements have been made toward fully autonomous, model-free pose estimation by employing the Hough transform that allows robust line fitting of jagged edges resulting from object rotations and the discrete nature of point cloud data. In addition, a plane fitting algorithm using the homogeneous transformation was developed to compute plane normal vectors to help improve attitude estimation accuracy. Using both measured and simulated point cloud data of test objects, the performance of the developed model-free pose estimation process was examined. It was able to produce accurate position and attitude of the objects. Future effort will be needed to include more general geometric features such as circles, ellipses, and arcs to provide capabilities needed toward fully autonomous model-free pose estimation process.
LAZER CIDADÃO: VIVÊNCIAS DA CULTURA LÚDICA E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA INSERÇÃO SOCIAL

O presente artigo apresenta as acoes e atividades realizadas no projeto de extensao: “Lazer cidadao: vivencias da cultura ludica e suas contribuicoes para insercao social” realizado pelo curso de Educacao Fisica da URI – Santo Ângelo. O objetivo foi desenvolver atividades de lazer para criancas, adolescentes, jovens em situacao de risco e vulnerabilidade social e idosos institucionalizados, atraves de vivencias de atividades recreativas estimulando o gosto pelo lazer ativo visando a sua insercao social. Participaram 80 criancas, adolescentes/jovens de 6 a 12 anos e 18 idosas institucionalizados (acima de 60 anos) e aproximadamente 3000 pessoas de diferentes faixas etarias na Rua de Lazer. Foram realizadas atividades de recreacao em tres instituicoes, levando uma nova percepcao sobre o mundo em que estao inseridos. Com a de atividades ludicas estimulamos o gosto pela pratica do lazer ativo, visando principalmente sua insercao social. Tambem foi realizada uma Rua de lazer envolvendo as instituicoes participantes foi aberto ao publico e o objetivo foi realizar atividades de lazer e recreacao visando mobilizar e informar a comunidade sobre a importância do lazer ativo. Dessa forma, acreditamos aproximar a Universidade e o Curso de Educacao Fisica da comunidade, refirmando seu compromisso social, bem como fortalecer a linha de extensao.
Zelfverwonding in penitentiaire omgevingen

Zelfverwondend gedrag in gevangenissen heeft veel overeenkomsten met zelfverwondend gedrag in de reguliere maatschappij. Andere hoofdstukken geven gedetailleerde informatie over zaken als definitie, evaluatie en behandeling die dus ook relevantie hebben voor zelfverwondend gedrag in penitentiaire omgevingen. In dit hoofdstuk worden echter een aantal belangrijke contextuele verschillen besproken, waaronder unieke aspecten op het gebied van motivatie en beheersing.
Environmental chemicals and metabolic disruption in primary and secondary human parathyroid tumors.

Abstract Background The incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism has increased 300% in the United States in the past 30 years, and secondary hyperparathyroidism is almost universal in patients with end-stage renal disease. We assessed the presence of environmental chemicals in human hyperplastic parathyroid tumors as possible contributing factors to this increase. Methods Cryopreserved hyperplastic parathyroid tumors and normal human parathyroids were analyzed by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry, bioinformatics, and biostatistics. Results Detected environmental chemicals included polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane derivatives, and other insecticides. A total of 99% had p,p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene. More than 50% contained other environmental chemicals, and many classified as endocrine disruptors. Polychlorinated biphenyl-28 and polychlorinated biphenyl-49 levels correlated positively with parathyroid tumor mass. Polybrominated diphenyl ether-47 concentrations in tumors were inversely correlated with patients’ serum calcium levels. Cellular metabolites in pathways of purine and pyrimidine synthesis and mitochondrial energy production were associated with tumor growth and with p,p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in primary hyperparathyroidism tumors. In normal parathyroids, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene , polychlorinated biphenyl-28, polychlorinated biphenyl-74, and polychlorinated biphenyl-153, but not p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene or polychlorinated biphenyl-49, were detected. Conclusion Environmental chemicals are present in human parathyroid tumors and warrant detailed epidemiologic and mechanistic studies to test for causal links to the growth of human parathyroid tumors.