cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of Social Media in the Diabetes Community: An Exploratory Analysis of Diabetes-Related Tweets.

Background: Use of social media is becoming ubiquitous, and disease-related communities are forming online, including communities of interest around diabetes. Objective: Our objective was to examine diabetes-related participation on Twitter by describing the frequency and timing of diabetes-related tweets, the geography of tweets, and the types of participants over a 2-year sample of 10% of all tweets. Methods: We identified tweets with diabetes-related search terms and hashtags in a dataset of 29.6 billion tweets for the years 2013 and 2014 and extracted the text, time, location, retweet, and user information. We assessed the frequencies of tweets used across different search terms and hashtags by month and day of week and, for tweets that provided location information, by country. We also performed these analyses for a subset of tweets that used the hashtag #dsma, a social media advocacy community focused on diabetes. Random samples of user profiles in the 2 groups were also drawn and reviewed to understand the types of stakeholders participating online. Results: We found 1,368,575 diabetes-related tweets based on diabetes-related terms and hashtags. There was a seasonality to tweets; a higher proportion occurred during the month of November, which is when World Diabetes Day occurs. The subset of tweets with the #dsma were most frequent on Thursdays (coordinated universal time), which is consistent with the timing of a weekly chat organized by this online community. Approximately 2% of tweets carried geolocation information and were most prominent in the United States (on the east and west coasts), followed by Indonesia and the United Kingdom. For the user profiles randomly selected among overall tweets, we could not identify a relationship to diabetes for the majority of users; for the profiles using the #dsma hashtag, we found that patients with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers represented the largest proportion of individuals. Conclusions: Twitter is increasingly becoming a space for online conversations about diabetes. Further qualitative and quantitative content analysis is needed to understand the nature and purpose of these conversations. [JMIR Diabetes 2016;1(2):e4]
Measurement of Cross Sections for the 23Na(n, n′γ)23Na Reaction near Threshold

Cross-section ratios for production of 0.439-MeV gamma rays near 55 deg by the 23Na(n, n′γ)23Na reaction relative to fast-neutron fission of 235U have been measured with an error of ±8% at interval...
Ensemble Subspace Segmentation Under Blockwise Constraints

The graph-based subspace segmentation technique has garnered a lot of attention in the visual data representation problem. In general, data (e.g., tracks of moving objects) are drawn from multiple linear subspaces. Thus, how to build a block-diagonal affinity matrix is the critical problem. In this paper, we propose a novel graph-based method, Ensemble Subspace Segmentation under Blockwise constraints (ESSB), which unifies least squares regression and a locality preserving graph regularizer into an ensemble learning framework. Specifically, compact encoding using least squares regression coefficients helps achieve a block-diagonal representation matrix among all samples. Meanwhile, the locality preserving regularizer tends to capture the intrinsic local structure, which further enhances the block-diagonal property. Both the blockwise efforts, i.e., least squares regression and the sparse regularizer, work jointly and are formulated in the ensemble learning framework, making ESSB more robust and efficient, especially when handling high-dimensional data. Finally, an efficient optimization solution based on inexact augmented Lagrange multiplier is derived with theoretical time complexity analysis. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we consider three different applications: face clustering, object clustering, and motion segmentation. Extensive results of both accuracy and normalized mutual information on four benchmarks, i.e., YaleB, ORL, COIL and Hopkins155, are reported. Also, the evaluations of computational cost are provided, based on which the superiority of our proposed method in both accuracy and efficiency is demonstrated compared with 12 baseline algorithms.
The effects of increasing and decreasing orders of monetary incentive on resistance to extinction in children

Grade school students were trained with an increasing or a decreasing order of monetary incentives. All 20 Ss received a total of 15 pennies on 5 reinforced trials. The effects of these treatments were tested by the number of trials following the last reinforcement. The results indicated that the increasing order produced a greater resistance to extinction than the decreasing order. This difference was explained in terms of increased motivation which resulted from S’s perceiving the order of the incentives.
Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Improved Control May Reduce Stone Risk

Some patients who form kidney stones also have diabetes. Many patients with diabetes also have metabolic syndrome. As the incidence of prediabetes and diabetes continues to increase, we can only expect that an increasing number of patients seen for kidney stones will also have these sequelae. Dietary recommendations play a prominent role in the management of prediabetes and diabetes, the major and most agreed-upon criteria for defining metabolic syndrome (when it exists in concert with certain additional factors). Depending on stone type and etiology, diet also plays a role in kidney stone prevention. Diabetes and kidney stone prevention are two sides of the same coin with respect to dietary management. In this chapter, diabetes in the context of metabolic syndrome is described, dietary recommendations for diabetes management are reviewed, and major dietary recommendations for patients with both diabetes and at risk for urinary stone formation and/or growth are presented.
Effect of Frequent Dialysis on Renal Recovery: Results From the Acute Renal Failure Trial Network Study.

Introduction The optimal frequency of intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) in the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. Increasing the frequency of IHD, while offering the possible advantage of reduced ultrafiltration requirement and less hemodynamic instability per session, amplifies patient contact with an extracorporeal circuit with possible deleterious cardiovascular and immunological consequences. A recent study suggested that intensive renal replacement therapy (RRT) is associated with a decrease in urine output during AKI. We hypothesized that increased frequency of IHD may be associated with delayed renal recovery. Methods This is a post hoc analysis of the Acute Renal Failure Trial Network (ATN) study. The ATN study was a large randomized multicenter trial of intensive versus less-intensive RRT in critically ill patients with AKI. This study used either continuous RRT or IHD, depending on the hemodynamic status of the patient. Of 1124 patients, 246 were treated solely with IHD during the study period and were included in this analysis. The participants were randomized to receive IHD 3 days per week (L-IntRRT) or 6 days per week (IntRRT). The primary outcome of interest was renal recovery at day 28. Results L-IntRRT was associated with higher number of RRT-free days through day 28 than IntRRT (mean difference 2.5 days; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −4.79 to −0.27 days; P = 0.028). The likelihood for renal recovery at day 28 was lower in the IntRRT group (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28–0.87; P = 0.016). Conclusion In hemodynamically stable patients with AKI, intensifying the frequency of IHD from 3 to 6 days per week may be associated with impaired renal recovery.
Nietzsche’s account of self-conscious agency

This essay is an overview of Nietzsche’s philosophy of action. I discuss the central features of Nietzsche’s account and the ways in which it departs from standard accounts. Section 1 discusses Nie...
Larval digestion of different manure types by the black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) impacts associated volatile emissions.

Abstract Volatile emissions from decomposing animal waste are known environmental pollutants. The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), is being evaluated for industrialization as a means to recycle wastes and produce protein for use as food and feed. We examined the ability of black soldier fly larvae to reduce odorous compounds associated with animal wastes. Black soldier fly larvae were reared under laboratory conditions on poultry, swine, and dairy manure at feed rates of 18.0 and 27.0 g every other day until 40% reached the prepupal stage. Volatile emissions were collected and analyzed from freshly thawed as well as the digested waste when 90% of the black soldier fly larvae reached the prepupal stage. Volatiles were also collected simultaneously from manure not inoculated with black soldier fly larvae (non-digested) and held under similar conditions. Manure samples were analyzed for relative amounts of nine select odorous volatile organic compounds: phenol, 4-methylphenol, indole, 3-methylindole, propanoic acid, 2-methylpropanoic acid, butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid and pentanoic acid. Black soldier fly larvae reduced emissions of all volatile organic compounds by 87% or greater. Complete reductions were observed for 2-methly propanoic acid in digested poultry manure, phenol, 4-methylphenol, indole and all five fatty acids in digested swine manure, and 4-methylphenol, indole, 3-methylindole and all five acids in digested dairy manure. This study is the first to identify volatile emissions from manure digested by black soldier fly larvae and compare to those found in non-digested manure. These data demonstrate additional benefits of using black soldier fly larvae as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly means of livestock manure management in comparison to current methods. Capsule Black soldier fly larvae are capable of altering the overall profile of volatile organic compounds and reducing levels of targeted odorous compounds in livestock manure.
Forces in the Distal Radius During a Pushup or Active Wrist Motions.

Purpose To determine the 6 degrees of freedom forces and moments in the distal radius that occur during a pushup or other active wrist motions. Methods Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric wrists were moved through 6 physiological motions and held at 1 static pushup position while the force through the distal radius was measured with a 6 degrees of freedom load cell. Three levels of compressive force were applied at the pushup position. Results Active wrist motions caused axial forces up to 283 N and moments up to 0.7 N-m. Those motions with a smaller range had significantly smaller axial forces than the larger flexion-extension or dart-thrower’s motions. With an 89-N pushup force applied, the average maximum axial force was 69 N, the radially directed force was 12 N, and the moment about the radioulnar axis was 2.3 N-m. Linear extrapolation of the forces to 100% body weight indicate that the axial force going through the distal radius would be 663 N, the radial force would be 147 N, and the moment about the radioulnar axis would be 18.6 N-m. Conclusions Large distal radius forces and moments can occur during pushup and active wrist motions. There are not only large axial compressive forces but also nontrivial radially directed forces. Clinical relevance This study may help surgeons and therapists better treat complicated distal radius fractures as well as provide for better comparisons of existing or new distal radius plates and constructs that are designed to treat these complicated loading patterns.
Art, Craft, and Assimilation: Curriculum for Native Students during the Boarding School Era

This article sets out to compare and contrast language and rhetoric espoused by Richard Pratt, founder and Superintendent of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School until 1904, and Estelle Reel, author of Course of Study for Indian Schools and Superintendent of Indian Schools between 1898-1910, pertaining to the educational philosophy of the Native peoples. The author contextualizes rhetoric of both Pratt and Reel in terms of mechanical and industrial education movements of the late 19th and early 20th centuries while highlighting implications pertinent to both craft and artwork practices at Carlisle as embedded in Reel’s curriculum guide. The article employs critical social, economic, and racial lenses to analyze the gathered textual and pictorial data. Ultimately, the historical data elicit snapshots of events that worked to deculturalize the Native students. Both Reel’s curriculum and Pratt’s approach at the Carlisle school were paradoxical in their rhetoric: claiming to educate for independence while se...
Slowing Global Warming: Benefits for Patients and the Planet

Global warming will cause significant harm to the health of persons and their communities by compromising food and water supplies; increasing risks of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases and heat stress; changing social determinants of health resulting from extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and expanding flood plains; and worsening air quality, resulting in additional morbidity and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Vulnerable populations such as children, older persons, persons living at or below the poverty level, and minorities will be affected earliest and greatest, but everyone likely will be affected at some point. Family physicians can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, stabilize the climate, and reduce the risks of climate change while also directly improving the health of their patients. Health interventions that have a beneficial effect on climate change include encouraging patients to reduce the amount of red meat in their diets and to replace some vehicular transportation with walking or bicycling. Patients are more likely to make such lifestyle changes if their physician asks them to and leads by example. Medical offices and hospitals can become more energy efficient by recycling, purchasing wind-generated electricity, and turning off appliances, computers, and lights when not in use. Moreover, physicians can play an important role in improving air quality and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by advocating for enforcement of existing air quality regulations and working with local and national policy makers to further improve air quality standards, thereby improving the health of their patients and slowing global climate change.
Subjective social status is associated with compensation for large meals - A prospective pilot study.

Abstract Objectives Subjective social status (SSS) is known to be inversely associated with obesity. Our objective was to determine if SSS is associated with eating behaviors that would predispose to weight gain, specifically, with inadequate compensation for excess energy consumed during a single large meal. Therefore, we conducted a pilot study to determine the association of SSS with 24-h energy balance, 24-h and post-lunch energy intake, changes in body composition and changes in adjusted resting energy expenditure on days when a high-energy lunch was consumed in free-living human subjects. Method Female participants (7 normal weight and 10 overweight) consumed 60% of’ estimated 24-h energy requirements as a lunchtime meal in the laboratory for 14 days. Subjective social status was measured at baseline using the MacArthur Scale. Remote Food Photography Method was used to record food intake outside of the lab on days 1–2, 7–8, and 12–13. Associations of 24-h energy balance, 24-h and post-lunch energy intake, changes in adjusted resting energy expenditure and changes in percent body fat (measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry) with SSS were studied. Results Mean (standard deviation) age and BMI were 36.29 (8.25) years and 26.43 (2.32) kg/m2, respectively. Lower SSS was significantly associated with positive energy balance (p for trend 0.002), and higher post-lunch energy intake (p = 0.02) when controlled for age and initial body mass index. Conclusions Our pilot data show that lower SSS is associated with higher post-lunch energy intake, which is indicative of poor energy compensation following a large meal. Over a longer time period, this could result in fat mass gain. Studies that are of longer duration and well-powered are warranted to confirm our findings.
Examination of the structures, energetics, and vibrational frequencies of small sulfur-containing prototypical dimers, (H 2 S) 2 and H 2 O/H 2 S.

The optimized geometries, vibrational frequencies, and dissociation energies from MP2 and CCSD(T) computations with large correlation consistent basis sets are reported for (H2 S)2 and H2 O/H2 S. Anharmonic vibrational frequencies have also been computed with second-order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2). As such, the fundamental frequencies, overtones, and combination bands reported in this study should also provide a useful road map for future spectroscopic studies of the simple but important heterogeneous H2 O/H2 S dimer in which the hydrogen bond donor and acceptor can interchange, leading to two unique minima with very similar energies. Near the CCSD(T) complete basis set limit, the HOH⋯SH2 configuration (H2 O donor) lies only 0.2 kcal mol-1 below the HSH⋯OH2 structure (H2 S donor). When the zero-point vibrational energy is included, however, the latter configuration becomes slightly lower in energy than the former by <0.1 kcal mol-1 . © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Nonlinear Hierarchical Model for Forecasting Crop Growth in the US Corn Belt

The European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite has recently been shown to measure variables containing information relevant to agronomists. SMOS was initially intended to monitor the water content of soil. However, a combination of SMOS's antenna technology and data processing algorithms make it possible to estimate the mass of water contained in vegetation tissue. Recent work by Hornbuckle et al., as well as Lawrence et al., suggest $\tau$ roughly mirrors the growth and senescence of crops [1], [2]. In this paper we analyze SMOS data from an intensively cultivated agricultural region in the Midwest to provide new information about crop phenology. In addition to modeling the seasonal pattern of crop growth, we estimate the day of the year when $\tau$ reaches its peak. Because SMOS has a fine temporal resolution, the ability to model $\tau$ during a growing season could be useful to understanding changes in crop development, climate conditions, as well as forecasting future growth cycles.
The Impact of an Online Scholarly Writing Tutorial for RN-BSN Students

Scholarly writing has been documented by nursing leaders and faculty as vitally important to nursing education and professional development. However, a lack of standardized guidelines on the use of tutorials and resources for promoting effective scholarly writing in RN-BSN completion programs remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a scholarly writing tutorial on scholarly writing assignment rubric scores in an online, RN-BSN completion program. The study hypothesized the use of an interactive, online scholarly writing tutorial could impact rubric score grades, spelling and grammar, and APA style, on a writing assignment with the use of Knowles’ Adult Learning Theory as the theoretical framework. The study used a quantitative, non-experimental, before and after design to compare median rubric scores between a pre-intervention group (n = 108) and a post-intervention group (n = 56) at a major metropolitan university in the southern U.S. A Mann-Whitney U test revealed a statistically significant difference in both the median spelling and grammar rubric scores (p = .03; r = .15) and APA style rubric scores (p = .02; r = .11) of RN-BSN nursing students between the pre-intervention and post-intervention groups. The study results strongly support the use of an interactive, online scholarly writing tutorial structured with Knowles’ Adult Learning Theory to enhance student success with writing mechanics and APA style.
Greening the Goddess: Sacred Landscape, History and Legislation on the Cāmuṇḍī Hills of Mysore

Within Hinduism’s vast collection of mythology, the landscape of India plays a crucial role in the epic stories of divine struggle. The entire subcontinent becomes the playground and battlefield in which the devas (gods) and the asuras (demons) struggle for supremacy. The landscape itself becomes an integral part of the cosmic narrative and is established as a locus of the sacred. As transportation becomes easier and cheaper, these sacred centers become popular sites of religious pilgrimage and tourism; however, they lack the infrastructure to accommodate the hundreds of thousands of devotees every year. The hills and sacred groves are often littered with plastic bags and discarded paper wrappers along with the human waste. The sacrality of landscape gives way to the sheer number of devotees. I explore the modern history of ecological concern in the Cāmuṇḍī Hills 17 km outside Mysore. The Cāmuṇḍeśvarī Temple, which is believed to be the site of the epic battle between the Great Goddess of Hinduism and the great buffalo-demon king, Mahiṣa, had over 700,000 people tour the grounds in 2005 making it one of the largest pilgrimage sites in South India. I discuss the steps being taken to protect the environment of the hill. In the case of Cāmuṇḍeśvarī, a distinctly secular discourse is produced that effectively implements legislation to protect the region. Only after regulations were ratified did changes occur. Therefore, the relationship between religious and secular concerns in the upkeep of sacred sites will be central to the study.
Cognitive Usability Evaluation of Electronic Health Record Systems (CUE-E):

This project’s purpose was to develop cognitively-focused usability evaluation methods for electronic health records (EHRs). This research involved developing a conceptual framework for evaluating ...
Tibial osteotomy for the treatment of varus gonarthrosis. Survival and failure analysis to twenty-two years.

Background: The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the long-term results after the treatment of medial compartment gonarthrosis with a proximal tibial osteotomy to determine whether various clinical and radiographic factors relate to the outcome. Methods: From 1972 to 1990, seventy-six valgus-producing high tibial osteotomies were performed in sixty-six patients with medial compartment gonarthrosis. Stabilization was achieved with use of a plate on the lateral side of the proximal part of the tibia and a figure-of-eight wire on the medial side. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was sixty-nine years, and the mean duration of follow-up was 10.8 years. The factors that were analyzed included postoperative valgus alignment; the age, gender, and weight of the patient; preoperative Ahlback radiographic grade; adverse events; Workers' Compensation status; and public liability. Survivorship outcome end points were conversion to arthroplasty, a Hospital for Special Surgery knee score of <70 points, and patient dissatisfaction with the procedure. Results: Ten-year survival, according to the life-table method, was 74%, 70%, and 65% with conversion to arthroplasty, a Hospital for Special Surgery knee score of <70 points, and patient dissatisfaction, respectively, as the end points. Radiographic valgus alignment that ranged between 8° and 16° at one year after the osteotomy had the most significant positive effect on survivorship for all end points (p < 0.01) compared with the other parameters. Complications occurred in sixteen (21%) of the seventy-six procedures, and they had a significant effect on survival, with all three end points (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We found that survival at ten years was 90% (95% confidence interval, 80% to 99%) when the radiographic valgus angle at one year was between 8° and 16° with arthroplasty as the end point. We believe that there is a role for tibial osteotomy, as an alternative to total knee arthroplasty, in patients who are less than sixty years old. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level III-2 (retrospective cohort study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Nasal Skin and Soft Tissue Thickness Variation Among Differing Races and Ethnicities: An Objective Radiographic Analysis

Importance: Nasal skin and soft tissue envelope (SSTE) thickness has considerable effects on procedural planning and postoperative outcomes in rhinoplasty surgery. Objective understanding of relative SSTE thickness in patients is essential to optimal outcomes in rhinoplasty, and knowledge of its variation by demographic group is of aid to surgeons. Objective: To measure and compare nasal SSTE thickness across different races and nasal subsites and to determine whether objective variability exists for these parameters. Design, Setting, Participants: Retrospective cross-sectional radiographic analysis was carried out on 200 adult patients, without nasal deformity, presenting to an academic otolaryngology clinic at a tertiary care academic referral center. Blinded evaluators measured nasal SSTE thickness at six sites on maxillofacial computed tomography (CT) scans and comparisons were made based on patient-reported race/ethnicity categories available in the electronic medical record. Intervention: N/A Main Outcomes and Measures: Nasal SSTE thickness was measured at six predefined anatomic sites using high-resolution CT imaging. Statistical comparisons between races/ethnicities were made based on these measurements. Results: Mean age of patients was 48.8 years, and 47% were male. Nasal SSTE showed thicker soft tissue at the sellion in Latin American (LA; mean (SD) 6.1 (1.8) mm) and white (5.8 (1.8) mm) patients vs. African American (AfA) and Asian American (AsA) patients. The supratip was thicker in AfA patients (5.2 (1.3) mm) vs. all other races. The tip SSTE was thinner in white patients (2.4 (0.7) mm) vs. all other races. Composite nasal SSTE thickness was thinner in AsA patients (3.22 (0.8) mm) relative to AfA and LA patients. Conclusions and Relevance: SSTE thickness influences surgical planning and postoperative outcomes in rhinoplasty patients. This study supports varied thickness of the nasal SSTE among patients of different races. These data are foundational in providing a framework for developing treatment strategies specific to the SSTE properties of a multicultural patient population.
Rehabilitation of Individuals with Limb Loss due to Trauma

To provide a comprehensive overview of care and rehabilitation of those with traumatic limb loss, from preoperative to lifelong care. Comprehensive care including peer support and monitoring for the development of secondary conditions which compound disability is essential after traumatic amputation. Conditions that commonly develop after traumatic limb loss include heterotopic ossification, intact limb knee osteoarthritis, low back pain, and reduction in cardiopulmonary reserve. Optimal care for people after traumatic limb loss requires a multidisciplinary team to provide perioperative and lifelong care. In addition to ensuring optimal rehabilitation based on the individual’s vocational and avocational goals, current function, concomitant injuries, and amputation level, their psychological recovery must not be overlooked. To optimize quality of life and independence, lifelong follow-up with a physiatrist is essential to care for complications and secondary conditions, as well as to promote an active lifestyle.
Clinical Documentation as End-User Programming

As healthcare providers have transitioned from paper to electronic health records they have gained access to increasingly sophisticated documentation aids such as custom note templates. However, little is known about how providers use these aids. To address this gap, we examine how 48 ophthalmologists and their staff create and use content-importing phrases  a customizable and composable form of note template  to document office visits across two years. In this case study, we find 1) content-importing phrases were used to document the vast majority of visits (95%), 2) most content imported by these phrases was structured data imported by data-links rather than boilerplate text, and 3) providers primarily used phrases they had created while staff largely used phrases created by other people. We conclude by discussing how framing clinical documentation as end-user programming can inform the design of electronic health records and other documentation systems mixing data and narrative text.
Perioperative risk factors associated with delayed graft function following deceased donor kidney transplantation: A retrospective, single center study.

Perioperative risk factors associated with delayed graft function following deceased donor kidney transplantation: A retrospective, single center study
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Patch Size Affects Fish Communities in a Turbid-Algal Lake

Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) is declining worldwide, leading to subsequent reductions in the ecological functions associated with SAV in shallow aquatic ecosystems, including providing habitat for fishes. Extensive restoration efforts are required to reverse this trend, but studies focusing on aquatic vegetation have been uncommon in recent years relative to other primary producers. Evaluations of the most beneficial SAV species and characteristics for fishes are especially rare. Because of the potentially complex and inconsistent responses of fish to different management actions, further research is necessary to evaluate the species-specific and community-level effects of SAV to inform restoration decision-making. To examine what SAV characteristics increase fish habitat use in a turbid-algal lake undergoing restoration, we sampled 29 areas around Lake Apopka, Florida (USA) with fyke nets and trotlines. We examined the impact of eight environmental variables on fish abundance, biomass, community structure, and predation potential. For each approximated 0.6 m2 increase in SAV patch size, total fish biomass catch increased 6.5 g hr-1. Fish community composition based on abundance also changed with an increase in SAV patch size. The number of bait items missing from trotlines, a measure of predation potential, was most affected by water temperature, wind speed, and time of day, but not by the SAV variables tested. These results expand existing knowledge of fish habitat use of SAV and will inform future management efforts to conserve and restore fish communities by focusing on specific SAV characteristics such as patch size.
Cultural Adaptations to Youth Mental Health Interventions: A Systematic Review

Disparities in mental health care access and use are a serious public health concern for racial and ethnic minority (REM) youth populations across the United States (US). Numerous evidence-based interventions (EBIs) have been developed to address youth mental health concerns; however, evidence suggests that EBIs may require cultural adaptations to have greater efficacy with REM populations. The following study engaged in a systematic review of the existing culturally-adapted EBIs for REM youth in the US. A three-stage systematic review was performed. A total of 52 studies describing the development or evaluation of culturally-adapted EBIs with REM youth populations were included. Information from studies was then abstracted via a rigorous coding process. Specifically, participant characteristics (e.g., age, population risk, race/ethnicity of target audience), intervention characteristics (e.g., name of the original program, target mental health outcome(s), delivery setting, intervention format, intervention orientation, interventionist), and cultural adaptation characteristics (e.g., guiding theory, individuals involved, cultural adaptation content, participatory methods used) were cataloged. Implications for current and future research regarding cultural adaptation of EBIs are presented.
The Analyst’s Vision of the Patient and the Dialectic of Interpretation

Often neglected in analytic discourse is the fact that the analyst inevitably forms a vision of the patient. Loewald was a lone voice in illuminating the fact that the analyst could not treat the p...
Effect of different organic matters on flocculation of Chlorella sorokiniana and optimization of flocculation conditions in swine manure wastewater.

Abstract In this study, flocculation of Chlorella sorokiniana cultivated in swine manure wastewater, BG-11 medium and BG-11 medium supplemented with different organic matters (glucose, urea and tryptone) was investigated. The results demonstrated that the minimum amount of Al 3+ required for complete flocculation in wastewater would increase substantially, and flocculation efficiency became highly sensitive to pH. Tryptone could cause similar extent of inhibition on flocculation as in wastewater. Meanwhile, glucose could increase concentrations of Algogenic Organic Matter (AOM), inhibiting flocculation strongly at higher pH, including flocculation induced by Al 3+ and autoflocculation. However, urea had little effect on flocculation of C. sorokiniana . Moreover, the major factors: dilution times, pH and flocculants dosage, which had significant impact on flocculation efficiency of C. sorokiniana in piggery wastewater, were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal flocculation efficiency (100%) was achieved at pH 8.5, 7-folds of dilution and 52.14 mg L −1 of Al 3+ .
Amino Acid Incorporation and Aminoacyl Transfer in an Insect Pupal System

An amino acid-incorporating system which has very high endogenous activity has been obtained from insect pupae. It is similar to those from other sources in that it requires microsomal particles, transfer ribonucleic acid, adenosine triphosphate, guanosine triphosphate, a nucleoside triphosphate-regenerating system, and magnesium ions. Supernatant fluid from Escherichia coli or rabbit liver can stimulate the system 5-fold because of the supply of aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid. The requirement for a high concentration of K+ can be abolished by the addition of a GTP-regenerating system. In high potassium, partial inhibition of GTPase activity was observed. Incorporation of leucine from leucyl transfer ribonucleic acid requires ribosomes, Mg++, and GTP. Puromycin and ribonuclease cause almost complete inhibition of leucine incorporation. The complementary enzymes for incorporation of free amino acids into polypeptide and for the transfer of amino acids from aminoacyl-tRNA into protein are bound tightly to the microsomes. These enzymes can be stripped from the microsomes with a high concentration of KCl. When ribosomes obtained from 1st day pupae were incubated with enzyme and tRNA prepared from 7th day pupae, a 5-fold increase in the ratio of tryosine incorporation to leucine incorporation was observed, suggesting control of cuticular protein synthesis at the translation level.
Surface display of a parasite antigen in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila.

The ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena thermophila, offers an attractive medium for the expression of heterologous proteins and could prove particularly useful for the display of foreign proteins on the cell surface. Although progress has been made in transformation of Tetrahymena with heterologous DNA, methods that permit reliable expression of foreign genes have been lacking. Using a mutant strain of T. thermophila carrying a negatively selectable allele of a β-tubulin gene, we have been able to direct foreign genes to this locus by homologous recombination. Transformed cell lines producing foreign proteins were readily identified and, in at least one case, targeting of proteins to the plasma membrane was accomplished.
Rapid, continuous streaking of tremor in Cascadia

Nonvolcanic tremor is a recently discovered weak seismic signal associated with slow slip on a fault plane and has potential to answer many questions about how faults move. Its spatiotemporal distribution, however, is complex and varies over different time scales, and the causal physical mechanisms remain unclear. Here we use a beam backprojection method to show rapid, continuous, slip-parallel streaking of tremor over time scales of several minutes to an hour during the May 2008 episodic tremor and slip event in the Cascadia subduction zone. The streaks propagate across distances up to 65 km, primarily parallel to the slip direction of the subduction zone, both updip and downdip at velocities ranging from 30 to 200 km/h. We explore mainly two models that may explain such continuous tremor streaking. The first involves interaction of slowly migrating creep front with slip-parallel linear structures on the fault. The second is pressure-driven fluid flow through structurally controlled conduits on the fault. Both can be consistent with the observed propagation velocities and geometries, although the second one requires unlikely condition. In addition, we put this new observation in the context of the overall variability of tremor behavior observed over different time scales.
Tools for reuse of HUMS architectures: a survey

Reuse of architectures is needed both for economic reasons as well as for faster turnaround times. For the past two years, we have been working in the area of reuse of architectures to support Health Usage and Monitoring Systems, especially for avionics systems. Our primary concern in this regard has been the development of techniques to select the right granularity for architectural modules so the reuse is maximized. For example, smaller the modules that are stored, greater is the potential for their reuse. However, smaller the reuse module, greater is the cost of integrating the modules. In this paper, we provide a survey of reuse techniques that could be used for reuse of Health Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) architectures.
Analysis and Characterization of Synthetic Peptides

The molecular weight of most synthetic organic compounds is well below 1000 daltons. The products of peptide synthesis, however, frequently have molecular weights that exceed this number. Calculating with an average residue weight of 115, even a nonapeptide’s molecular weight is more than 1000 and a further increase is caused by the acids (e.g. acetic acid) associated with cations in the side chain of basic residues. In protected intermediates blocking groups contribute in a major way to the size of the molecule. While high molecular weight in itself could be the cause of some difficulties in analysis, the problem is compounded by the similar elemental composition of the amino acid constituents. Thus, incorporation of an additional residue might lead to only minor changes in the values of elemental analysis of an intermediate, or in its physical properties. Moreover, the by-products formed in various operations of synthesis are often quite similar in their composition to the desired peptide derivatives. These complexities obviously increase the need for thorough scrutiny of synthetic peptides, if possible by a battery of tests. In the following paragraphs we will attempt to point out some well established methods of analysis that are useful in this area.
Mechanisms of steroid oxidation by microorganisms. X. Oxidative cleavage of estrone.

Exposure of estrone to Nocardia sp. (E 110) resulted in the formation of three degradative products. These have been characterized as 3aα-H-4α-[3'-propanoic acid]-5β-[2-ketopropyl]-7aβ-methyl-1-indanone (Ia), 3aα-H-4α-[3'-propanoic acid]-5β-[4'-but-3-enoic acid]-7aβ-methyl-1-indanone (IIa), and 2-carboxy-7aβ-methyl-7-keto-9aα-H-indano-[5,4f]-5aα,10,10aβ,11-tetrahydroquinoline (IIIa). A plausible mechanism for their formation from estrone is presented.
3 Mutational analyses of protein farnesyltransferase

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses deletion studies that defined the minimal size of farnesyltransferase (FTase) subunits critical for the structural integrity and function of the enzyme. The chapter describes the identification and characterization of a variety of FTase mutants that exhibit altered zinc binding, substrate affinity, and catalysis. The chapter also discusses different approaches that led to the identification of FTase mutants possessing altered substrate specificity. Some FTase mutants obtained by mutational analyses may provide valuable tools with which to evaluate the physiological function of FTase. For example, mutants resistant to farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) could be used to determine whether any biological effects of FTI are indeed because of the inhibition of FTase. Both mammalian and yeast FTase mutants are discussed in the chapter, as there are striking similarities in the behavior of yeast and mammalian enzymes carrying analogous mutations.
Lower System Reliability Bounds from Binary Failure Data Using Bootstrapping

Binary failure data are collected for each of the independent components in a coherent system. Bootstrapping is used to determine a (1 - α)100% lower confidence bound on the system reliability. When a component with perfect test results is encountered, a beta prior distribution is used to avoid an overly optimistic lower bound.
The reaction of atomic oxygen with Si(100) and Si(111): I. Oxide decomposition, active oxidation and the transition to passive oxidation

The reactions of atomic oxygen with the (100) and (111) surfaces of silicon have been investigated by employing supersonic molecular beam techniques and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The kinetics and mechanism of the active oxidation reaction, i.e., Ox(g) + Si(s) → SiO(g) where x = 1 or 2, has been evaluated by employing modulated molecular beam reactive scattering (MMBRS). On both surfaces, the reaction of atomic oxygen involves the formation of a single stable surface intermediate, which reacts via first-order kinetics to produce SiO(g). The reaction of molecular oxygen, however, involves two stable surface intermediates that are formed sequentially, the second of which is identical to that formed by the reaction with atomic oxygen. We propose that the first intermediate formed in the molecular oxygen reaction is chemisorbed O2(a), e.g., a peroxy radical or a peroxide bridge. The intermediate formed in the atomic oxygen reaction is assigned to either an isolated oxygen adatom or adsorbed SiO (a surface silanone complex). Oxide decomposition in the mono- and multi-layer regime has been examined with temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Both increasing oxygen coverages and higher adsorption temperatures lead to higher decomposition temperatures for the oxygen adlayers formed. Above the monolayer regime, adlayers formed on Si(100) decompose at higher temperatures than those on Si(111). On Si(100), simple first-order decomposition kinetics is only observed in the monolayer regime, and in the limit of low coverage (θ < 0.3 ML). The implied rate coefficient for desorption in this regime is at least 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that measured by MMBRS at the same temperature. At higher coverages (θ ⩾ 4 ML) and on both surfaces, the decomposition reaction appears to be heterogeneous, involving void nucleation and growth. The transition between active and passive oxidation has been examined employing in situ, real-time mass spectrometric and XPS measurements. The transition involves a competition between highly activated (Ed ∼ 80 kcal mol−1) desorption of SiO, and nearly unactivated nucleation of surface oxide.
Adaptive numerical algorithms in space weather modeling

Space weather describes the various processes in the Sun-Earth system that present danger to human health and technology. The goal of space weather forecasting is to provide an opportunity to mitigate these negative effects. Physics-based space weather modeling is characterized by disparate temporal and spatial scales as well as by different relevant physics in different domains. A multi-physics system can be modeled by a software framework comprising several components. Each component corresponds to a physics domain, and each component is represented by one or more numerical models. The publicly available Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) can execute and couple together several components distributed over a parallel machine in a flexible and efficient manner. The framework also allows resolving disparate spatial and temporal scales with independent spatial and temporal discretizations in the various models. Several of the computationally most expensive domains of the framework are modeled by the Block-Adaptive Tree Solarwind Roe-type Upwind Scheme (BATS-R-US) code that can solve various forms of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations, including Hall, semi-relativistic, multi-species and multi-fluid MHD, anisotropic pressure, radiative transport and heat conduction. Modeling disparate scales within BATS-R-US is achieved by a block-adaptive mesh both in Cartesian and generalized coordinates. Most recently we have created a new core for BATS-R-US: the Block-Adaptive Tree Library (BATL) that provides a general toolkit for creating, load balancing and message passing in a 1, 2 or 3 dimensional block-adaptive grid. We describe the algorithms of BATL and demonstrate its efficiency and scaling properties for various problems. BATS-R-US uses several time-integration schemes to address multiple time-scales: explicit time stepping with fixed or local time steps, partially steady-state evolution, point-implicit, semi-implicit, explicit/implicit, and fully implicit numerical schemes. Depending on the application, we find that different time stepping methods are optimal. Several of the time integration schemes exploit the block-based granularity of the grid structure. The framework and the adaptive algorithms enable physics-based space weather modeling and even short-term forecasting.
Adapting adult scald safety standards to children

Scald burns by domestic tap water constitute a painful, potentially debilitating, and sometimes-fatal form of thermal injury. In this setting, the very young and older members of the population are particularly susceptible, owing in part to having thinner skin, which renders them more susceptible to thermal insult. Various codes have set forth a safety standard for maximum delivery temperature of domestic tap water at 120 degrees F (48.9 degrees C), based on adult susceptibility to burns. This work addresses the issue of how the current safety standard for tap water temperature could be adjusted to provide a level of protection to children equivalent to that for an adult at 120 degrees F. A well-accepted mathematical model for predicting burn injury as a function of applied surface temperature and time is used to identify these equivalent conditions. Data from the literature of sonographic measurements indicate a representative ratio of child to adult skin thickness of 0.72. The mathematical model shows that the equivalent surface temperature for a threshold scald injury in children is dependent on the depth into the skin at which the injury is identified. For example, the injury produced by a 120 degrees F, 10-second exposure at a depth of 600 microm in an adult is matched in a child at 72% of the depth (432 microm) by an insult of 115.9 degrees F for the same duration. The recommendation is that existing hot water standards be reduced by 3 to 4 degrees F to provide an equivalent level of scald protection to children.