cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does knowledge work pay?: an archival analysis of knowledge management activities

The term 'knowledge worker' (KW) has been frequently used in mass media, research, and academia, especially in the era of the knowledge economy. Nevertheless, various researchers define KW from different economic perspectives. Instead of dichotomizing an occupation to be a KW or not, this research carefully scrutinizes detailed job descriptions of various occupations to determine the degree to which they are involved in various aspects of knowledge management (KM) activities. Based on the results, this research provides some exploratory evidence about the characteristics of KWs. The occupational wage comparisons between workers with higher and lower involvement in knowledge work enable this research to determine whether the market financially rewards KM activities of individuals. Moreover, comparisons among different aspects of knowledge work indicate economic differences associated with those KM activities. Findings of this research are expected to provide finer classifications for KW, to better understand the characteristics of KW, and to recognize the economic importance of KM activities, yielding implications for employees, educators, trainers, firms, and governments to face the challenges of the knowledge economy.
Comparative Genetics of Potential Prezygotic and Postzygotic Isolating Barriers in a Lycopersicon Species Cross

I compare the genetic basis of quantitative traits that potentially contribute to pre- and postzygotic isolation between the plant species Solanum lycopersicum (formerly Lycopersicon esculentum) and Solanum habrochaites (formerly Lycopersicon hirsutum), using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in a set of near-isogenic lines. Putative prezygotic isolating traits include flower size, flower shape, stigma exsertion, and inflorescence length, that can influence pollinator preferences and/or selfing rates, and therefore gene flow between divergent types. Postzygotic isolating traits are hybrid pollen and seed sterility. Three substantive results emerge from these analyses. First, the genetic basis of floral differentiation appears to be somewhat less complex than the genetic basis of postzygotic hybrid sterility, although these differences are very modest. Second, there is little evidence that traits for floral differentiation are causally or mechanistically associated with hybrid sterility traits in this species cross. Third, there is little evidence that hybrid sterility QTL are more frequently associated with chromosomal centromeric regions, in comparison to floral trait QTL, a prediction of centromeric drive models of hybrid sterility. Although genome-wide associations are not evident in this analysis, several individual chromosomal regions that contain clusters of QTL for both floral and sterility traits, or that indicate hybrid sterility effects at centromere locations, warrant further fine-scale investigation.
MicroRNA mir-346 targets the 5'-untranslated region of receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) mRNA and up-regulates its protein expression.

RIP140 (receptor-interacting protein 140) is a transcriptional co-repressor that regulates diverse genes such as those responsive to hormones and involved in metabolic processes. The expression of RIP140 is regulated by multiple hormonal activities in adipose tissue and cancer cell lines. However, it is unclear whether and how RIP140 is regulated post-transcriptionally. Using 5′RACE (rapid amplification of 5′ cDNA ends), we have identified a novel 5′ splice variant of RIP140 mRNA in mouse brain and P19 cells. A target sequence for miRNA (microRNA) mir-346 was found in the 5′UTR (5′-untranslated region) of RIP140 mRNA; this miRNA is also expressed endogenously in mouse brain and P19 cells. Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that mir-346 elevates RIP140 protein levels by facilitating association of its mRNA with the polysome fraction. Furthermore, the activity of mir346 does not require Ago-2 (Argonaute 2). The expression of mir-346 enhances the gene repressive activity of RIP140. This is the first report demonstrating post-transcriptional regulation of RIP140 mRNA, involving the enhancing effect of a specific miRNA that targets RIP1409s 5′UTR.
Cognitive development, genetics problem solving, and genetics instruction: A critical review

Recent studies have analyzed the cognitive demands of solving problems in genetics, focusing primarily on the Piagetian schemas of combinations, proportions, and probability. Based on data from these primarily correlational studies, some authors have argued for the elimination of classical genetics from the high school curriculum. The critical review of the literature presented in this article reaffirms that formal-operational thought is conducive to successful genetics problem solving. The weight of the evidence to date, however, does not support the position that formal operational thought is strictly required for solving typical genetics problems. Arguments are therefore presented in support of the inclusion of genetics and genetics problem solving in high school biology. Implications of this analysis for the selection of appropriate content, problems, and instructional techniques for genetics instruction for nonformal students are presented.
Accurate diagnosis of regional metastasis from cervical cancer: is PET the answer?

5 n this issue of The International Journal of Radiation ncology, Biology, Physics, Grigsby et al. (1) provide data rom their most recent study of the use of fluorodeoxygluose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the mangement of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. In this study, hey evaluated regional disease control rates in patients hose radiation therapy was guided by the results of PET nd computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen and elvis. Clinicians have been searching for decades for an accuate nonsurgical way to determine the extent of regional pread from cervical cancer. This is much more than an cademic exercise. Undoubtedly, some patients have distant icrometastatic disease at diagnosis and are incurable with urrent methods. However, experience suggests that most atients have disease that is encompassable with locoreional radiation therapy fields; these patients can be cured if he radiation target volume is large enough to encompass icroscopic disease and if the dose of radiation is sufficient o eradicate cancer within the irradiated field. Therefore, the rimary goals of our diagnostic methods must be to accuately determine the sites and size of regional metastases to etermine the volume of tissue that must be irradiated and he dose that must be delivered to sterilize involved lymph odes. The first goal—definition of the target volume for radition therapy—has been addressed in several ways. In Raiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trial 79-20, Rotan et al. (2) demonstrated that survival rates could be ncreased simply by treating all patients with bulky stage I r II disease using large extended fields that encompassed he secondary-echelon and the primary-echelon lymph odes. Although assuring an adequate treatment volume for ost patients, this approach also subjects many patients to nnecessary abdominal treatment, increasing the risk of nteric and other complications. Certainly, a more precise pproach to target definition is preferred. Surgical staging of the lymph nodes has enjoyed waves of
Etiology of GVHD: Alloreactivity or Impaired Cellular Adaptation?

According to the self-nonself model of immunity, allogeneic T cells are considered as major cause of graft versus host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). On the other hand, the danger model of immunity suggests that transplant-associated recipient tissue injury rather than donor-derived alloreactive T cells is the main cause of GVHD. What has been less appreciated are the early, both conditioning-dependent and conditioning-independent, events that impair homeostatic cellular adaptations and host-protective immune responses leading to the development of tissue-specific GVHD. The notion of gut injury precipitating in GVHD has been acknowledged by clinicians, with the shift to reduced intensity-conditioning regimens that prevent acute tissue injury and are less disruptive of tissue adaptation to T cell attack. Also, the role of host-protective immune response against pathogens in preventing GVHD has been shown by the lack of severe GVHD in germ free mice as well as an impair...
Salience and Strategy Choice in 2 × 2 Games

We present a model of boundedly rational play in single-shot 2 × 2 games. Players choose strategies based on the perceived salience of their own payoffs and, if own-payoff salience is uninformative, on the perceived salience of their opponent’s payoffs. When own payoffs are salient, the model’s predictions correspond to those of Level-1 players in a cognitive hierarchy model. When it is the other player’s payoffs that are salient, the predictions of the model correspond to those of traditional game theory. The model provides unique predictions for the entire class of 2 × 2 games. It identifies games where a Nash equilibrium will always occur, ones where it will never occur, and ones where it will occur only for certain payoff values. It also predicts the outcome of games for which there are no pure Nash equilibria. Experimental results supporting these predictions are presented.
Decay of Planetary Debris Disks

We report new Spitzer 24 � m photometry of 76 main-sequence A-type stars. We combine these results with previously reportedSpitzer24 � m data and 24 and 25 � m photometry from theInfrared Space Observatoryand the InfraredAstronomySatellite.Theresultisasampleof266starswithmasscloseto2.5M� ,alldetectedtoatleastthe � 7 � level relative to their photospheric emission. We culled ages for the entire sample from the literature and/or estimated them using the H-R diagram and isochrones; they range from 5 to 850 Myr. We identified excess thermal emission using an internally derived K � 24 (or 25) � m photospheric color and then compared all stars in the sample tothatcolor.Becausewehaveexcludedstarswithstrongemissionlinesorextendedemission(associatedwithnearby interstellar gas), these excesses are likely to be generated by debris disks. Younger stars in the sample exhibit excess thermal emissionmore frequently andwithhigher fractional excess thandothe olderstars. However,asmanyas 50% oftheyoungerstarsdonotshowexcessemission.Thedeclineinthemagnitudeofexcessemission,forthosestarsthat show it, has a roughly t0/time dependence, with t0 � 150 Myr. If anything, stars in binary systems (including Algoltype stars) and k Boo stars show less excess emission than the other members of the sample. Our results indicate that (1) there is substantial variety among debris disks, including that a significant number of stars emerge from the protoplanetary stage of evolution with little remaining disk in the 10‐60 AU region and (2) in addition, it is likely that much of the dust we detect is generated episodically by collisions of large planetesimals during the planet accretion endgame,andthatindividualeventsoftendominatetheradiometricpropertiesofadebrissystem.Thislatterbehavior agrees generally withwhat weknowabouttheevolution of thesolar system, andalsowiththeoretical models ofplanetary system formation. Subject headingg circumstellar matter — infrared: stars — planetary systems: formation Online material: machine-readable table
Rapid Fluorescence Detection of in Situ Hybridization with Biotinylated Bovine Herpesvirus-1 DNA Probes

The use of biotinylated DNA hybridization probes for clinical detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 was investigated. Biotinylated DNA hybridization probes were prepared from bovine herpesvirus-1 DNA purified from infected cell cultures. The viral DNA was nick translated in the presence of biotin-dUTP with DNA polymerase to incorporate biotin into the newly synthesized strand. The probe was tested for specificity in in situ hybridization assays with bovine herpesvirus-1 DNA. Hybridization was detected using avidin-fluorescein single sandwich systems and an avidin-globulin with anti-globulin-fluorescein double sandwich system. Hybridization was detected by specific fluorescence of infected cells. Fluorescence was present only in bovine herpesvirus-1-infected cell culture and not in noninfected cell culture or cell cultures infected with several other viruses. The assay was performed in 6 hr.
What do Women Entrepreneurs Want

Women are the majority owners in 30% of all privately held fi rms in the United States. These fi rms have $2.5 trillion in revenues and employ 19.1 million individuals. However, despite the large number of women business owners, little is known about the motivations that women have for starting their own fi rms. This study uses an expectancy theory framework to examine the differences in motivations to start a fi rm between men and women. We propose that nascent entrepreneurs expend effort toward the creation of a new venture because they believe this will lead to a set of desired outcomes. We further argue that the desired outcomes of new venture creation differ by sex. Hypotheses are tested using data from the phone surveys of the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (n = 441). Our fi ndings indicate that there are signifi cant differences in motivations for starting a new business, with men being motivated by fi gains, self-realization, and autonomy, whereas for women status is an additional signifi cant motivating factor. Our results confi rm the explanatory power of expectancy theory in examining entrepreneurial start-up motivations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A software-defined multifunctional radar sensor for linear and reciprocal displacement measurement

A software-defined multifunctional radar sensor is developed in this paper for linear and reciprocal displacement measurement. Experiments were performed to demonstrate the high accuracy of the two measurement methodologies. When configured in arctangent-demodulated interferometry mode with a 5.46 GHz carrier frequency, the sensor can measure the displacement with sub-millimeter error at a detection distance of 1.2 m. When configured in nonlinear vibrometer mode, the sensor can measure amplitudes of reciprocal motions with a resolution of 0.4 millimeter and less than 3% average error.
Acute aortic occlusion from a cardiac embolus.

A 28-year old man with dilated cardiomyopathy on the heart transplant list presented with acute bilateral leg pain with progression to complete paralysis. He had been recently hospitalized for management of chronic atrial fibrillation and anticoagulated with Coumadin (INR, 1.8). Physical examination showed absent bilateral femoral pulses and ankle Doppler signals. He also had an absent right wrist pulse with a normal left wrist pulse. The patient was immediately heparinized and taken to the operating room. After exposure of both femoral arteries, the aorta was catheterized from the left femoral artery and an aortogram was performed. This demonstrated a large embolus completely occluding the distal aorta below the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery, which was patent and provided collateral circulation to the legs (A, Cover). Through a transverse arteriotomy, retrograde left femoral embolectomy was performed using a #5 Fogarty catheter with retrieval of substantial thromboembolic material and return of pulsatile flow. Next, the balloon catheter, under fluoroscopic guidance, was inflated in the left common iliac artery with 50% contrast-saline solution for radiographic visualization (B, left). With the left leg thus protected by balloon occlusion, retrograde embolectomy was performed through the right femoral artery with similar retrieval of embolus and thrombus and return of a strong femoral pulse (B, right). Following bilateral antegrade embolectomies of the superficial and deep femoral arteries, the transverse arteriotomies were closed. A completion aortogram was performed which demonstrated wide patency of the previously occluded aortoiliac segment and no evidence of residual thrombus (C). Acute aortic occlusion is a surgical emergency. It may be either embolic or thrombosis of preexisting aortoiliac atherosclerosis. Reported mortality for acute embolic occlusions ranges from 31% to 40%. More than 75% of these patients present with lowerextremity paresis or paralysis. The optimal treatment is rapid bilateral transfemoral embolectomy to restore inflow to the extremities. With the availability of intraoperative imaging, we believe that fluoroscopy guidance is a useful adjunct to standard “blind” embolectomy. This allows more accurate assessment of the degree and location of the thrombus or embolus, protection of the contralateral iliac artery from inadvertent embolism during ipsilateral embolectomy, and evaluation of the completeness of the embolectomy.
In utero bacterial endotoxin exposure causes loss of tyrosine hydroxylase neurons in the postnatal rat midbrain.

We investigated whether in utero exposure to the Gram(-) bacteriotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces dopamine (DA) neuron loss in rats. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) kills DA neurons and is elevated in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). LPS is a potent inducer of TNF-alpha, and both are increased in the chorioamniotic environment of women who have bacterial vaginosis (BV) during pregnancy, suggesting that BV might interfere with the normal development of fetal DA neurons. Gravid female rats were injected intraperitoneally with either LPS or normal saline at embryonic day 10.5 and their pups were killed at postnatal day 21. The brains of the pups were assessed for DA and TNF-alpha levels and DA cell counts in the mesencephalon using tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (THir) cells as a DA neuron marker. Prenatal LPS exposure significantly reduced striatal DA (29%) and increased DA activity (72%) as well as TNF-alpha (101%). Stereological cell counts in the mesencephalon were also significantly reduced (27%) by prenatal LPS exposure. Prenatal exposure to LPS, as might occur in humans with BV, produces a significant loss of THir cells in rats that is still present 33 days following a single injection of LPS. Since this cell loss is well past the normal phase of DA neuron apoptosis that occurs in early postnatal life, rats so exposed may have a permanent loss of DA neurons, suggesting that prenatal infections may represent risk factors for PD.
Testing for resistance of pelagic marine copepods to a toxic dinoflagellate

With few exceptions, the evolutionary consequences of harmful algae to grazers in aquatic systems remain unexplored. To examine both the ecological and evolutionary consequences of harmful algae on marine zooplankton, we used a two-fold approach. In the first approach, we examined the life history responses of two geographically separate Acartia hudsonica (Copepoda: Calanoida) populations reared on diets containing the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense. One copepod population was from a region, Casco Bay, Maine, USA, that has experienced recurrent blooms of highly toxic Alexandrium spp. for decades; whereas the other population from Great Bay, New Jersey, USA, has never been exposed to toxic Alexandrium blooms. The life history experiment demonstrated that when the copepod population from New Jersey was reared on a diet containing toxic A. fundyense it exhibited lower somatic growth, size at maturity, egg production and survival than the same population reared on a diet without toxic A. fundyense. In contrast, toxic A. fundyense did not affect the life-history traits of the Maine population. Fitness, finite population growth rate (k), was significantly reduced in the New Jersey population, but not in the Maine population. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of local adaptation (resistance) of the historically exposed copepod population to the toxic dinoflagellate. In the second approach, we further tested the resistance hypothesis with a laboratory genetic selection experiment with the na€ � ve New Jersey copepod population exposed to a diet containing toxic A. fundyense. This experiment demonstrated that the ingestion and egg production of adult females of na€ � ve copepods fed A. fundyense improved after three generations of being reared on a diet containing the toxic dinoflagellate. The results of the present study have important implications for understanding how grazer populations may respond to the introduction of toxic algae to their environment, and suggest that grazer resistance may be a feedback mechanism that may lead to bloom control.
Ternary relationship decomposition strategies based on binary imposition rules

We review a set of rules identifying which combinations of ternary and binary relationships can be combined simultaneously in semantically related situations. We investigate the effect of these rules on decomposing ternary relationships to simpler, multiple binary relationships. We also discuss the relevance of these decomposition strategies to ER modeling. We show that if at least one 1:1 or 1:M binary constraint can be identified within the construct of the ternary itself, then any ternary relationship can be decomposed to a binary format. From this methodology we construct a heuristic-the Constrained Ternary Decomposition (CTD) rule. >
The role of NKG2D signaling in inhibition of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte lysis by the Murine cytomegalovirus immunoevasin m152/gp40.

Three proteins encoded by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)— gp34, encoded by m04 ( m04 /gp34), gp48, encoded by m06 ( m06/ gp48), and gp40, encoded by m152 ( m152 /gp40)—act together to powerfully impact the ability of primed cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTL) to kill virus-infected cells. Of these three, the impact of m152/ gp40 on CTL lysis appears greater than would be expected based on its impact on cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. In addition to MHC class I, m152 /gp40 also downregulates the RAE-1 family of NKG2D ligands, which can provide costimulation for CD8 T cells. We hypothesized that m152/ gp40 may impact CTL lysis so profoundly because it inhibits both antigen presentation and NKG2D-mediated costimulation. We therefore tested the extent to which m152/ gp409s ability to inhibit CTL lysis of MCMV-infected cells could be accounted for by its inhibition of NKG2D signaling. As was predictable from the results reported in the literature, NKG2D ligands were not detected by NKG2D tetramer staining of cells infected with wild-type MCMV, whereas those infected with MCMV lacking m152 /gp40 displayed measurable levels of the NKG2D ligand. To determine whether NKG2D signaling contributed to the ability of CTL to lyse these cells, we used a blocking anti-NKG2D antibody. Blocking NKG2D signaling did affect the killing of MCMV-infected cells for some epitopes. However, for all epitopes, the impact of m152 /gp40 on CTL lysis was much greater than the impact of inhibition of NKG2D signaling. We conclude that the downregulation of NKG2D ligands by MCMV makes only a small contribution to the impact of m152 /gp40 on CTL lysis and only for a small subset of CTL.
Immunoreactivity of Hu proteins facilitates identification of myenteric neurones in guinea‐pig small intestine

Hu proteins, together with neurone-specific enolase (NSE), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP-9.5), microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and tubulin beta III isoform, were evaluated immunohistochemically as neuronal markers in whole-mount preparations and cultures obtained from the myenteric plexus of guinea-pig small intestine. Anti-Hu immunostaining marked the ganglion cell somas and nuclei without staining of the neuronal processes in the whole-mounts and cultures. The ganglion cell bodies were not obscured by staining of multiple neuronal fibres and this facilitated accurate counting of the neurones. MAP2 immunostaining also provided clear images of individual neurones in both whole mounts and cultures. Immunoreactivity for NSE, PGP-9.5 and tubulin beta III isoform provided sharp images of the ganglion cells in culture, but not in whole-mount preparations. Strong staining of the neuronal processes in the whole-mount preparations obscured the profiles of the ganglion cell bodies to such an extent that accurate counting of the total neuronal population was compromised. Anti-Hu immunostaining was judged to be an acceptable method for obtaining reliable estimates of total numbers of myenteric neurones in relation to other specific histochemical properties such as histamine binding.
Statistics as a Foreign Language—Part 1: What to Look for in Reading Statistical Language Studies†

This article is addressed to those practicing EFL/ESL teachers who currently avoid statistical studies. In particular, it is designed to provide teachers with strategies that can help them gain access to statistical studies on language learning and teaching so that they can use the information found in such articles to better serve their students. To that end, five attack strategies are advocated and discussed: (a) use the abstract to decide if the study has value for you; (b) let the conventional organization of the paper help you; (c) examine the statistical reasoning involved in the study; (d) evaluate what you have read in relation to your professional experience; and (e) learn more about statistics and research design. Each of these strategies is discussed, and examples are drawn from the article following this one in this issue of the TESOL Quarterly.
Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Transferrin Binding Proteins A and B Conjugated to the Cholera Toxin B Subunit Induces Systemic and Vaginal Antibodies in Mice

The transferrin binding proteins (TbpA and TbpB) comprise the gonococcal transferrin receptor and are considered potential antigens for inclusion in a vaccine against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Intranasal (IN) immunization has shown promise in development of immunity against sexually transmitted disease pathogens, in part due to the induction of antigen-specific genital tract immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG. Conjugation of antigens to the highly immunogenic cholera toxin B subunit (Ctb) enhances antibody responses in the serum and mucosal secretions following IN vaccination. In the current study, we characterized the anti-Tbp immune responses following immunization of mice IN with recombinant transferrin binding proteins (rTbpA and rTbpB) conjugated to rCtb. We found that both rTbpA-Ctb and rTbpB-Ctb conjugates administered IN induced antibody responses in the serum and genital tract. IN immunization resulted in both IgA and IgG in the genital tract; however, subcutaneous immunization mainly generated IgG. Surprisingly, rTbpA alone was immunogenic and induced serum and mucosal antibody responses similar to those elicited against the rTbpA-Ctb conjugate. Overall, rTbpB was much more immunogenic than rTbpA, generating serum IgG levels that were greater than those elicited against rTbpA. Bactericidal assays conducted with sera collected from mice immunized IN with TbpA and/or TbpB indicated that both antigens generated antibodies with bactericidal activity. Anti-TbpA antibodies were cross-bactericidal against heterologous gonococcal strains, whereas TbpB-specific antibodies were less cross-reactive. By contrast, antibodies elicited via subcutaneous immunization were not cross-bactericidal against heterologous strains, indicating that IN vaccination could be the preferred route for elicitation of biologically functional antibodies.
Avoidance of Wolf Spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) by Striped Cucumber Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Laboratory and Field Studies

This research investigated how the striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.), responds to the presence of a predator, the wolf spider Rabidosa rabida (Walckenaer). We answered four questions. (1) Does a beetle alter its behavior in the presence of a wolf spider in a laboratory microcosm? (2) Do striped cucumber beetles in nature modify their behavior when a wolf spider is nearby? (3) If beetles do respond to the presence of a wolf spider, what types of cues do the beetles use to detect the predator? (4) Does the proximity of other beetles affect how beetles respond to the predator? In laboratory microcosms, the presence of a spider reduced the frequency at which beetles fed, but beetles did not change their feeding behavior in the presence of a nondangerous arthropod, the cricket Achaeta domestica. Field observations conducted at night in cucurbit gardens revealed that a spider within 15 cm of groups of beetles increased by 1.6-fold the rate at which beetles left the plant. The proportion emigrating was higher as group size increased, but group size did not affect the responsiveness to the predator. Further laboratory microcosm experiments revealed that the striped cucumber beetle consistently relies on tactile cues and sometimes on visual cues to detect the wolf spider. In one experiment, the presence of the wolf spider affected the feeding rate of a beetle when it was on the plant, but the most consistent behavioral response to the presence of the spider was to leave the plant at a higher rate.
Implementations of Shannon’s sampling theorem, a time-frequency approach

Shannon’ssamplingtheoremquantiflestheFourierdomainperiodizationintroducedbytheequidistantsamplingofabandlimitedsignalwhenthesampling rateisatleastasfastastheNyquistratedictatedbythesignal’sbandwidth. If sampled faster than the Nyquist rate, i.e., oversampling, a reconstruction composed of highly localized atoms is possible, allowing for practical applications whereonlyatruncatedsetofsamplesisavailable. Morespeciflcally,itisknown that root-exponential accuracy can be achieved by constructing atoms whose Fouriertransform(fllter)isinflnitelydifierentiableandcompactlysupportedin the appropriate bandwidth. Unfortunately, there is no known compactly supported inflnitely smooth fllter whose corresponding atom has a known explicit representation;andassuch,anapproximationoftheatomisrequiredfortheimplementationinthetimedomain. ByconsideringfllterswithGevreyregularity, weobtainroot-exponentiallocalizationfortheatom,andane‐cienttruncated Gabor approximation of the fllter and atom. Furthermore, we present an alternative error decomposition that allows for the complete rigorous analysis of the error in truncating the signal, and of the error introduced in approximating the fllter and atom. By scaling the approximation order appropriately, the root-exponential convergence rate is not adversely afiected by the fllter’s approximation.
A Quiet Public Health Crisis in West Africa

The fragility of public health systems in developing countries stands out during times of acute crisis. Rare, highly contagious, and deadly diseases like the Ebola outbreak in West Africa tax systems of health care delivery that are geared more toward disease prevention and detection. Now, after the most intense phase of the outbreak, global and national health authorities are reviewing and reflecting, to determine what went wrong in each nation’s public health systems. A particular focus has been placed on public health worker readiness and protection, diagnostic resources, and the ability to mobilize sufficient treatment centers on short notice. Learning from this recent crisis is important for both human and economic health. But what about the more subtle, slow onset public health impacts of climate change? How will atmospheric warming affect the health of people globally and in West Africa specifically? How will it require public health systems to adapt? Reflecting on the quiet public health crisis that climate change portends for West Africa, we can see lessons from the Ebola outbreak of what not to do.
Motion Planning for Global Localization in Non-Gaussian Belief Spaces

This paper presents a method for motion planning under uncertainty to deal with situations where ambiguous data associations result in a multimodal hypothesis on the robot state. In the global localization problem, sometimes referred to as the "lost or kidnapped robot problem", given little to no a priori pose information, the localization algorithm should recover the correct pose of a mobile robot with respect to a global reference frame. We present a Receding Horizon approach, to plan actions that sequentially disambiguate a multimodal belief to achieve tight localization on the correct pose in finite time, i.e., converge to a unimodal belief. Experimental results are presented using a physical ground robot operating in an artificial maze-like environment. We demonstrate two runs wherein the robot is given no a priori information about its initial pose and the planner is tasked to localize the robot.
Reorganization in the Cutaneous Core of the Human Thalamic Principal Somatic Sensory Nucleus (Ventral Caudal) in Patients With Dystonia

A wide range of observations suggest that sensory inputs play a significant role in dystonia. For example, the map of the hand representation in the primary sensory cortex (area 3b) is altered in m...
Finite-Temperature Properties From a Single Zero-Temperature Energy Minimization

A method for calculating the thermodynamic properties of both perfect crystals and defects from a single zero-temperature energy minimization is described. The validity of the method is demonstrated by determining the free energy and the lattice parameter of a perfect Au crystal, as modelled by an embedded-atom method (EAM) potential. In addition, we determine the temperature dependence of the vacancy formation energy and the excess free energy of a (100) free surface.
Effects of corticosteroid hormones on regional circulation in endotoxin shock.

SummaryEffects of prednisolone and aldos-terone on regional circulation and metabolic acidosis of endotoxin shock were investigated in dogs given lethal doses of E. coli lipopoly-saccharide. Administration of prednisolone to the shocked animal improved mesenteric circulation; other circulatory and metabolic functions were not affected. Administration of aldosterone to the shocked animal worsened renal and mesenteric circulation as well as the metabolic acidosis. The reported survival rate improvement in endotoxin shock treated with prednisolone could be related to the beneficial effects of this hormone on mesenteric circulation.
Model-based Building Performance Evaluation and Analysis for a New Athletic Training Facility☆

Abstract The rapid increase of energy use has caused great concerns of resource depleting, greenhouse gas emitting, and economic difficulties. In U.S, building sector contributes 39% [33] of the total energy consumption, exceeding the other major sectors such as industries and transportation. In order to relieve the environmental and economic pressure, high performance buildings are broadly implemented recently because they are energy efficient and have less negative impact of the built environment on human health and natural environment. This paper presents the work of the thermal performance modeling and analysis for an athletic training facility located at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. The goal for this study is to predict energy consumption of the building for heating, cooling, lighting, and indoor equipment. Furthermore, the study aims to identify sustainable measures to reduce energy consumption and operation cost for the new building built based on latest ASHRAE standards. The building modeling was developed in Designbuilder, a software developed for building performance analysis. The base case of the building model was in accordance with the design standard ASHRAE 90.1-2013. The parametric analyses were conducted to determine possible improved design parameters. By comparing parametric cases, a couple of sustainable design measures were identified to improve building energy efficiency and thermal comfort. As a result, it was found that as a building with large portion of curtain wall, the weak point for this building lies on the windows and the tightness of the building. Improving window and the tightness can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the building.
Morphometric analysis of Huntington's disease neurodegeneration in Drosophila.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder. The HD gene encodes the huntingtin protein (HTT) that contains polyglutamine tracts of variable length. Expansions of the CAG repeat near the amino terminus to encode 40 or more glutamines (polyQ) lead to disease. At least eight other expanded polyQ diseases have been described [1]. HD can be faithfully modeled in Drosophila with the key features of the disease such as late onset, slowly progressing degeneration, formation of abnormal protein aggregates and the dependence on polyQ length being evident. Such invertebrate model organisms provide powerful platforms to explore neurodegenerative mechanisms and to productively speed the identification of targets and agents that are likely to be effective at treating diseases in humans. Here we describe an optical pseudopupil method that can be readily quantified to provide a fast and sensitive assay for assessing the degree of HD neurodegeneration in vivo. We discuss detailed crossing schemes as well as factors including different drivers, various constructs, the number of UAS sites, genetic background, and temperature that can influence the result of pseudopupil measurements. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013.
Y1.1 What is the new editor of sexually transmitted diseases going to do with the journal

In January, 2015, I became the new Editor-in-Chief for the journal Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Taking over for Julie Schachter, who had been the Editor for 25 years, was a daunting task. He rescued the journal, nurtured it, and established it as a leading journal in our field. My job, simply put, is to maintain and strengthen it. Simultaneously, I will work to ensure that the high quality science in our field gets the attention it deserves. What do you need to do to get your research published in Sexually Transmitted Diseases? First and foremost, do good research. That is the key for publication in any journal. Second, communicate that research clearly and succinctly. Many of us do not write as clearly as we think we do. Third, be responsive to the reviewers. Our reviewers do their best to provide meaningful comments that will strengthen the communication of your work. Respect them. Respond to them. And only rarely should your response be a rebuttal. The best way to ensure that your paper is not accepted, even when it was close, is to dismiss the reviewers’ comments. Going forward, you can expect to see a few minor changes in the journal. We will publish more program-oriented papers, including some from workers in the field who are not necessarily “scientists”. We will also expand our coverage of HIV infection, focusing on HIV transmission, diagnosis, prevention, and monitoring, and excluding purely treatment studies. Generally, we will work to identify papers that will be difference-makers in the field of sexually transmitted diseases. We also will be increasing our focus on young investigators. We hope to facilitate the growth of the type of people attending this meeting – encouraging bright, talented scientists to choose sexually transmitted diseases research as their career.
The Price of the Calling: Exploring Clergy Compensation Using Current Population Survey Data

Previous research shows that clergy make less money than others with similar levels of education. We use Current Population Survey data to offer five contributions to knowledge about clergy compensation. First, we document and take into account the shift in clergy compensation from the provision of free housing to the payment of housing allowances. Second, although the clergy earnings disadvantage appears to have increased over the last 40 years relative to their educational peers, the picture changes when we exclude the highest income occupations. Clergy have lost ground to doctors, lawyers, and investment bankers, but they have gained ground relative to everyone else. Third, these gains are largely because of decline in the number of hours clergy report working. Fourth, we show that clergy working in churches earn less than clergy working elsewhere. Fifth, we document immediate wage penalties for those who become clergy and, among clergy, for those who begin to work in congregations. Overall, although clergy still earn less than comparable workers, their position has improved in recent decades relative to all but the highest earning occupations.
Holo Structure and Steady State Kinetics of the Thiazolinyl Imine Reductases for Siderophore Biosynthesis.

Thiazolinyl imine reductases catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of a thiazoline to a thiazolidine, a required step in the formation of the siderophores yersiniabactin (Yersinia spp.) and pyochelin (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). These stand-alone nonribosomal peptide tailoring domains are structural homologues of sugar oxidoreductases. Two closed structures of the thiazolinyl imine reductase from Yersinia enterocolitica (Irp3) are presented here: an NADP+-bound structure to 1.45 A resolution and a holo structure to 1.28 A resolution with NADP+ and a substrate analogue bound. Michaelis–Menten kinetics were measured using the same substrate analogue and the homologue from P. aeruginosa, PchG. The data presented here support the hypothesis that tyrosine 128 is the likely general acid residue for catalysis and also highlight the phosphopantetheine tunnel for tethering of the substrate to the nonribosomal peptide synthetase module during assembly line biosynthesis of the siderophore.
Rosai-Dorfman disease successfully treated with thalidomide

Rosai-Dorfman disease, also called sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a rare histiocytic condition of unknown etiology first described in 1969.1 Primary cutaneous manifestation without systemic involvement of Rosai-Dorfman disease is even more uncommon.2 Here we present a case of primary cutaneous manifestation of Rosai-Dorfman disease with excellent response to oral thalidomide.
Influence of space charges on the breakdown of oil-paper insulation

It is a well-known fact that when some insulants under dc voltage are subjected to a polarity reversal, the breakdown immediately after the reversal may appear at a substantially lower voltage than the breakdown without polarity reversal. Since complete discharging of the sample does not occur after the polarity reversal, the voltage due to the charges remaining in the sample will add to the reverse voltage applied and will, in effect, increase the value of maximum stress in the sample. References 1, 2, and 3 consider the transient-stress distribution at the instant of polarity reversal in a cylindrical sample of oil-paper insulation subjected to temperature gradients. In their considerations, the influence of polarization on the maximum stress occurring immediately after a rapid polarity reversal is not taken into account and, as will be indicated later, this leads to substantial errors. The purpose of this paper is to establish the electrical strength of oil-paper insulation under rapid polarity reversals, with all space charges present in the insulation taken into account.
Multina from the Late Triassic Luning Formation, Nevada

ABSTRACTThe discovery of the network trace fossil Multina isp. in the Luning Formation of central Nevada provides new insight into the depositional setting of the Shaly Limestone Member of the Luning Formation. The ichnofossils occur in tabular mudstone beds deposited on a shelf environment or open carbonate platform. Although Multina resembles Paleodictyon, as both share polygonal burrow nets and both frequently occur in deep-water habitats, Multina is less regular and has other morphological traits such as crossing burrow branches not seen in Paleodictyon or Protopaleodictyon.
STIM1 Phosphorylation at Y361 Recruits Orai1 to STIM1 Puncta and Induces Ca 2+ Entry.

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mediates the increase in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) in endothelial cells (ECs) that regulates several EC functions including tissue-fluid homeostasis. Stromal-interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), upon sensing the depletion of (Ca2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) store, organizes as puncta that trigger store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) via plasmalemmal Ca2+-selective Orai1 channels. While the STIM1 and Orai1 binding interfaces have been mapped, signaling mechanisms activating STIM1 recruitment of Orai1 and STIM1-Orai1 interaction remains enigmatic. Here, we show that ER Ca2+-store depletion rapidly induces STIM1 phosphorylation at Y361 via proline-rich kinase 2 (Pyk2) in ECs. Surprisingly, the phospho-defective STIM1-Y361F mutant formed puncta but failed to recruit Orai1, thereby preventing. SOCE Furthermore, studies in mouse lungs, expression of phosphodefective STIM1-Y361F mutant in ECs prevented the increase in vascular permeability induced by the thrombin receptor, protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1). Hence, Pyk2-dependent phosphorylation of STIM1 at Y361 is a critical phospho-switch enabling recruitment of Orai1 into STIM1 puncta leading to SOCE. Therefore, Y361 in STIM1 represents a novel target for limiting SOCE-associated vascular leak.
Non-violent and violent forms of childhood abuse in the prediction of suicide attempts: Direct or indirect effects through psychiatric disorders?

Abstract Background Childhood abuse is linked to suicide. Potential pathways include the increased risk for the development of psychiatric disorders and the contribution of abuse to suicide capability. The current study compared the effects of childhood non-violent and violent abuse in the prediction of suicide attempts, and examined the potential mediated effects of psychiatric disorders. Methods Data from the National Comorbidity Surveys were obtained. At baseline, assessments of childhood non-violent abuse (e.g., parental verbal abuse) and violent abuse (e.g., parental physical abuse, relative rape) were obtained. We also assessed for other adverse childhood experiences, baseline suicidal behaviors, and psychiatric disorders. At the ten-year follow-up, we assessed for psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts that had occurred over time. Results Both non-violent and violent abuse predicted attempts, though participants experiencing violent abuse had significantly higher rates. Bootstrapped mediation analyses determined that the influence of non-violent abuse on suicide attempts was indirect, and exerted its influence through the psychiatric disorders that occurred during the ten-year follow-up. Limitations The study relied on retrospective reports of childhood abuse. Further, we could not clearly determine the temporal order of the psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts occurring over follow-up. Conclusion Different mechanisms may underlie the pathway between violent and non-violent abuse and suicide attempts. Verbal abuse may lead to negative cognitive styles and psychiatric disorders associated with suicidality; violent abuse may contribute to the capacity for suicide. Interventions may need to be specifically tailored to meet the distinct needs of individuals who have experienced past childhood abuse.
Composite Polymer Electrolytes with Li7La3Zr2O12 Garnet-Type Nanowires as Ceramic Fillers: Mechanism of Conductivity Enhancement and Role of Doping and Morphology

Composite polymer solid electrolytes (CPEs) containing ceramic fillers embedded inside a polymer-salt matrix show great improvements in Li+ ionic conductivity compared to the polymer electrolyte alone. Lithium lanthanum zirconate (Li7La3Zr2O12, LLZO) with a garnet-type crystal structure is a promising solid Li+ conductor. We show that by incorporating only 5 wt % of the ceramic filler comprising undoped, cubic-phase LLZO nanowires prepared by electrospinning, the room temperature ionic conductivity of a polyacrylonitrile-LiClO4-based composite is increased 3 orders of magnitude to 1.31 × 10–4 S/cm. Al-doped and Ta-doped LLZO nanowires are also synthesized and utilized as fillers, but the conductivity enhancement is similar as for the undoped LLZO nanowires. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies show that LLZO NWs partially modify the PAN polymer matrix and create preferential pathways for Li+ conduction through the modified polymer regions. CPEs with LLZO nanoparticles and Al2O3 nanowire fi...