cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Musical Odyssey: From Pain to Recovery

Psychiatric rehabilitation aims to promote health recovery from significant losses, both physical and psychological, that have derailed the lives of adults and young adults diagnosed with a serious mental illness (SMI) so that they can actively participate in rebuilding and recreating themselves. The population faces premature morbidity and experiences higher than average rates of chronic and life-threatening disorders. When participants join the BU Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation services’ programs, they take on the role of student, increasing their knowledge, skills, and supports to further their personal goals and recovery journeys. The submission, Musical Odyssey: From Pain to Recovery , is an original poem informed by the values and practices of my work in the field of psychiatric rehabilitation as well as my recent medical experience as a patient. The poem was inspired primarily by my four-month experience of having to navigate through the primary care system and advocate for myself to get services for two herniated discs while working. During this period I was teaching three courses: Empowering Ourselves through Song, Buddhist Psychology’s Path of Recovery, and Mindfulness: The Practice of Buddhist Psychology. In the 2018 fall semester, I was role modeling recovery-oriented rehabilitation for my students, a Certified Peer Support Specialist, and three interns (two from BU School of Social Work and one from Tufts University). Despite excruciating pain from two herniated discs, I taught almost all the classes before and after a micro-discectomy and hemi-laminectomy surgery at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and prepared detailed lesson plans for my interns who had the opportunity to develop their clinical and teachings skills while receiving my support. My suffering and sharing of daily meditation, music listening, and singing helped grow everyone’s awareness, compassion, and commitment to mindfulness practice.
Efficient Mixed-Signal Neurocomputing Via Successive Integration and Rescaling

The widespread and ever-increasing demand for performing in situ inference, signal processing, and other computationally intensive applications in mobile Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices requires fast, compact, and energy-efficient vector-by-matrix multipliers (VMMs). The time-domain VMMs based on emerging nonvolatile memory devices exhibit significantly higher circuit density and energy efficiency than their current-mode counterparts. However, the load capacitors used to accumulate the weighted summation of the inputs in the time-domain-based circuits dominate their energy dissipation and footprint area. The true potential of the time-domain-based VMMs may be realized only when this overhead is minimized. To this end, in this brief, we propose a novel successive integration and rescaling (SIR) approach for implementing a highly efficient mixed-signal time-domain VMM for low-to-medium-precision computing. For a proof of concept, we quantitatively evaluated the performance of the proposed SIR VMM and compared it with the results of the conventional time-domain VMM, using a similar 1T-1R array. Preliminary simulation results for the 4-bit $200\, \times \, 200$ VMM, implemented using a 55-nm technology node, show area and energy efficiencies of 1.33 bits/m2 and ~1.3 POp/J—the numbers, respectively, $\sim 2.5\times $ and $\sim 2.65\times $ higher than those for the prior-work time-domain VMM. Furthermore, we analyze the system-level performance of the proposed SIR VMM engine in the neuromorphic accelerator architectures and provide the preliminary estimates for various deep/recurrent neural network (DNN/RNN) applications.
Risk Communication and Factors Influencing Private Well Testing Behavior: A Systematic Scoping Review

Unregulated private wells may be at risk for certain types of contamination associated with adverse health effects. Well water testing is a primary method to identify such risks, although testing rates are generally low. Risk communication is used as an intervention to promote private well testing behavior; however, little is known about whether these efforts are effective as well as the mechanisms that influence effectiveness. A systematic scoping review was conducted to evaluate the current evidence base for risk communication effectiveness and factors that influence well testing behavior. The review was conducted with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) framework. Data were synthesized using a health behavior model (Health Belief Model) to identify areas amenable to intervention and factors to consider when designing risk communication interventions. We identified a significant shortage of studies examining the effectiveness of risk communication interventions targeted to well testing behavior, with only two quasi-experimental studies identified. The review also identified seventeen studies that examined or described factors relating to well testing behavior. The two empirical studies suggest risk communication methods can be successful in motivating private well owners to test their water, while the remaining studies present considerations for developing effective, community-specific content.
A mission-driven research program on solar geoengineering could promote justice and legitimacy

Over the past decade or so, several commentators have called for mission-driven research programs on solar geoengineering, also known as solar radiation management (SRM) or climate engineering. Bui...
Deletion of Two Genes in Burkholderia pseudomallei MSHR668 That Target Essential Amino Acids Protect Acutely Infected BALB/c Mice and Promote Long Term Survival

Melioidosis is an emerging disease that is caused by the facultative intracellular pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics and host risk factors play a major role in susceptibility to infection. Currently, there is no human or animal vaccine against melioidosis. In this study, multiple B. pseudomallei MSHR668 deletion mutants were evaluated as live attenuated vaccines in the sensitive BALB/c mouse model of melioidosis. The most efficacious vaccines after an intraperitoneal challenge with 50-fold over the 50% median lethal dose (MLD50) with B. pseudomallei K96243 were 668 ΔhisF and 668 ΔilvI. Both vaccines completely protected mice in the acute phase of infection and showed significant protection (50% survivors) during the chronic phase of infection. The spleens of the survivors that were examined were sterile. Splenocytes from mice vaccinated with 668 ΔhisF and 668 ΔilvI expressed higher amounts of IFN-γ after stimulation with B. pseudomallei antigens than splenocytes from mice vaccinated with less protective candidates. Finally, we demonstrate that 668 ΔhisF is nonlethal in immunocompromised NOD/SCID mice. Our results show that 668 ΔhisF and 668 ΔilvI provide protective cell-mediated immune responses in the acute phase of infection and promote long term survival in the sensitive BALB/c mouse model of melioidosis.
Inflammation, infection and depression: an evolutionary perspective

The evolutionary basis for clinical depression is not well understood. A growing body of literature that is not based on evolutionary logic links inflammation to depression. Integration of these findings with an evolutionary framework for depression, however, needs to address the reasons why the body's inflammatory response would be regulated so poorly that it would result in incapacitating depression. Pathogen induction of inflammation offers an explanation, but the extent to which the association between inflammation and depression can be attributed to general inflammation as opposed to particular effects of pro-inflammatory pathogens remains unclear. This paper reports a study of sexually transmitted pathogens, which addresses this issue. Although several sexually transmitted pathogens were associated with depression according to bivariate tests, only Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis were significantly associated with depression by a multivariate analysis that accounted for correlations among the pathogens. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that infection may contribute to depression through induction of tryptophan restriction, and a consequent depletion of serotonin. It reinforces the idea that some depression may be caused by specific pathogens in specific evolutionary arms races with their human host.
Comparison of Commercial Kits for Recovery and Analysis of Bacterial DNA From Fingerprints.

In forensic science, fingerprints are a common source of evidentiary information. However, latent examination is not always successful and trace human DNA cannot always be obtained. Thus, examining the fingerprint microbiome may offer a suitable alternative to more traditional methods of forensic identification. The Zymo Research ZR Bacterial/Fungal DNA MicroPrep™ Kit, Qiagen QIAmp® DNA Mini Kit, Promega Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit, and the MPBio FastDNA® Spin Kit were compared for their ability to yield a sufficient amount of bacterial DNA for next-generation sequencing in order to obtain a microbiome profile. Prints were deposited onto slides, allowed to sit for up to 1 month, and total DNA isolated and quantified using each kit. The kit from Zymo Research yielded the most concentrated DNA sample (0.0084 ng/µL) in the least amount of time as compared to other kits examined. Although this amount of DNA was far below the recommended DNA concentration threshold recommended for next-generation sequencing, a microbiome profile was successfully obtained. As interest in using the microbiome of an individual as a forensic tool continues to increase, there is the possibility that the microbiome of a fingerprint could complement traditional human DNA profiling in the future. This study provides evidence that trace amounts of bacterial DNA from fingerprints is quantifiable and sufficient for microbiome analysis.
Energy optimal control of an over-actuated hybrid feed drive under variable-frequency disturbances — with application to machining

Abstract Machine tool feed drives are often subject to variable-frequency disturbance (cutting) forces due to varying spindle speeds or cutting tools. A proxy-based control allocation method has been proposed for energy optimal control of over-actuated systems (i.e., systems with more actuators than the number of outputs to be controlled). It has been applied to an over-actuated hybrid feed drive, consisting of a linear motor drive coupled to a screw drive, and its effectiveness has been demonstrated under fixed-frequency disturbance forces. This paper discusses the fundamental limit of the fixed-frequency approach and extends the proxy-based control allocation method to account for variable-frequency disturbance forces via a linear parameter-varying formulation. The controller gains are optimized using linear matrix inequality and scheduled as a function of disturbance frequency. Significant improvements in energy efficiency are demonstrated in simulations and experiments using the proposed gain-scheduling approach compared to the existing fixed-frequency approach.
Patient-centered care: Dietitians' perspectives and experiences.

Abstract Objective To (1) explore RDNs’ descriptions of patient-centered care (PCC), (2) measure Registered Dietitian Nutritionists’ (RDNs) preferences for PCC and (3) identify factors that affect RDNs’ PCC preferences. Methods A survey instrument including two open-ended items exploring RDN descriptions of and experiences with PCC, the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS), and various factors that could influence PCC (e.g., work intensification, work engagement, and work/demographic characteristics) was expert reviewed, pilot tested, and distributed electronically to 4697 RDNs. A regression analysis was conducted, and two open-ended items were qualitatively analyzed. Results Three themes emerged when RDNs described PCC (n = 375): dietitian/patient relationship (95.7%), organizational influence (64.4%), and interprofessional teams (26.3%). RDNs (n = 318) scored 4.60/6 on the PPOS. Higher levels of work engagement were predictive of higher PPOS scores, and heavier workloads were predictive of lower PPOS scores (p Conclusion RDNs have varying personal definitions of and experiences with PCC, however there are common themes. RDNs generally prefer PCC and score moderately high on the PPOS. Practice implications To strengthen preferences for PCC, managers should create manageable workloads and prioritize work engagement. Continued emphasis on interprofessional collaboration with and organizational promotion of RDNs could improve PCC.
FLAS: Fuzzy lung allocation system for US-based transplantations

Abstract This paper presents a fuzzy lung allocation system (FLAS) in order to determine which potential recipients would receive a lung for transplantation when it becomes available in the USA. The developed system deals with the vagueness and fuzziness of the decision making of the medical experts in order to achieve accurate lung allocation processes in terms of transplant survival time and functional status after transplantation. The proposed approach is based on a real data set from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) to investigate how well it mimics the experience of transplant physicians in the field of lung allocation. The results are very promising in terms of both prediction accuracy (with an R 2 value of 83.2 percent and an overall accuracy of 82.1 percent) along with better interpretation capabilities and hence are superior to the existing techniques in literature. Furthermore, the proposed decision process provides a more effective (i.e. accurate), time-efficient, and systematic decision support tool for this problem with two criteria being considered i.e. graft survival time and functional status after transplantation .
Quantifying changes in RPE and choroidal vasculature in eyes with age-related macular degeneration

PURPOSE. An image-analysis technique was developed to quantify changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris in eyes of deceased donors with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS. Both eyes of two donors with AMD and of one normal control donor were used to develop this technique. After removal of the anterior segments, the eyecups were hemisected through the macula, with the disc included in one half of the eyecup. The choroid with RPE cells was dissected from the sclera and incubated for alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity, and the pigment was partially bleached with H 2 O 2 . The APase-incubated choroid was flat embedded and sectioned after image and morphometric analyses. Quantitative computer-assisted morphometric analyses of the two AMD-affected eyes (cases 1 and 2) were compared with analysis of the normal eye of a 70-year-old control subject (case 3). RESULTS. The right eye in case 1 had geographic atrophy ((;A) and demonstrated a large area in the posterior pole with very few RPE cells (90% loss of RPE), but the border of the area of RPE atrophy was not well defined. The density of choroidal blood vessels in this area was reduced 30% to 50%, compared with the same regions in the control eye. No area was completely devoid of choriocapillaris. Clinically undetected choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was observed in the right eye in case I in both the periphery and the macula and was generally associated with surviving RPE cells. The right eye in case 2 had GA (areolar RPE atrophy) and demonstrated a reduction in vascular density in the area from disc to macula that was even greater than that in the eye in case 1 (53% reduction in the submacular region). RPE atrophy between the disc and macula was almost complete. The border of the RPE defect was clearly delineated and coincided closely with the area of decreased choroidal vascular density. Surviving choriocapillaris in the area of RPE atrophy was significantly narrower than choriocapillaris in the control subject and in normal areas of the eyes with GA (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS. In these eyes with GA, RPE atrophy was more severe than loss of choriocapillaris. Surviving choriocapillaris in areas with complete RPE loss was highly constricted. The association of surviving RPE cells with CNV suggests that RPE cells may furnish a stimulus for new vessel formation or stabilization.
THE NEW NEGRO ARTS AND LETTERS MOVEMENT AMONG BLACK UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE MIDWEST, 1914~1940

ture highlights the so-called Harlem Renaiswestern state universities from 1914 to 1940. sanee or its successor, the Black Chicago Black students on white midwestern cam Renaissance. Few studies, however, document puses like the University of Kansas (KU), Uni the influence of these artistic movements outversity of Iowa (UI), University of Nebraska side major urban cities such as New York, (UNL), and University of Minnesota (UMN) Chicago, or Washington, DC. In his 1988 esaligned themselves with various New Negro say on black education, historian Ronald philosophies that marked the onset of the New Butchart argued that the educational effects Negro arts and letters movement, or the of black social movements such as the Harlem Harlem Renaissance. The New Negro arts and Renaissance on black schooling are unclear letters movement had a profound influence on black college students. Black students ex pressed a New Negro consciousness in at least
Impact of channel estimation errors on the performance of space time code

In this paper, we study the performance of space time block code (STBC) under the constraint that the receiver must rely on imperfect channel state information. This is done in order to verify and compare the performance that can be expected in an actual space time code system. The sensitivity and robustness of space-time block codes to varying levels of error in the amplitude and phase of the estimates will be illustrated using a series of simulations. This new information could be used to help design and verify the performance of a channel estimation scheme based on the insertion of pilot sequences into the data stream of each transmit antenna. The imperfect channel estimates will be created by taking the actual fading coefficients introduced into the channel and applying some degree of error into either the magnitude or the phase of those coefficients before decoding. This simulates the inability of an estimation scheme to predict the channel characteristics with perfect accuracy.
Changes in dietary zinc and copper affect zinc-status indicators of postmenopausal women, notably, extracellular superoxide dismutase and amyloid precursor proteins.

Background: Zinc is an essential trace element for human health and well-being; however, methods currently available for the assessment of zinc status in humans are unsatisfactory. Objective: The objective was to critically evaluate the use of various indicators of zinc status in humans in a controlled metabolic ward study. Design: Indicators of zinc status were measured in 25 healthy postmenopausal women aged 64.9 +/- 6.7 y. After a 10-d equilibration period, volunteers consumed a diet with either a low (1 mg/d; n = 12) or a high (3 mg/d; n = 13) copper content based on a total energy content of 8.4 MJ. They received the same amount of copper throughout the study. Both groups were fed the basal diet (3 mg Zn/d) with no zinc supplement for one 90-d period, and the diet supplemented with 50 mg Zn/d for another 90-d period. Results: Zinc supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.0001) extracellular but not erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity. This increase was more apparent when subjects were fed the low-copper diet. Zinc supplementation in combination with the low-copper diet significantly decreased (P < 0.01) amyloid precursor protein expression in platelets. Other indicators of zinc status that were significantly elevated after zinc supplementation were as follows: plasma zinc and free thyroxine concentrations and mononuclear 5'-nucleotidase activity. Conclusion: The measurement of serum extracellular superoxide dismutase activity may be useful as a marker for the functional assessment of zinc status in humans.
Identity and some properties of the l-threonine aldolase activity manifested by pure 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate ligase of Escherichia coli

Abstract 2-Amino-3-ketobutyrate ligase catalyzes the reversible, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent condensation of glycine with acetyl CoA forming the unstable intermediate, 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate. Several independent lines of evidence indicate that the pure protein obtained in the purification of this ligase from Escherichia coli also has l -threonine aldolase activity. The evidence includes: (a), a constant ratio of specific activities (aldolase/ligase) at all stages of purifying 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate ligase to homogeneity; (b), the same rate of loss of aldolase and ligase activities during controlled heat inactivation of the pure protein at 60°C in the absence, as well as in the presence of acetyl CoA, a protective substrate; (c), ratios of the two enzymic activities that are not significantly different during slow inactivation by iodoacetamide, with and without l -threonine added; (d), coincident rates of loss and essentially identical rates of recovery of aldolase activity and ligase activity during resolution of the holoenzyme with hydroxylamine followed by reconstitution with pyridoxal 5′-phosphate. No aldolase activity is observed with d -threonine as substrate and l -allothreonine is about 25% as effective as l -threonine. Whereas ligase activity has a sharp pH optimum at 7.5, the aldolase activity of this pure protein is maximal at pH 9.0. Comparative apparent K m values for glycine (ligase) and l -threonine (aldolase) are 10 mM and 0.9 mM, respectively, whereas corresponding respective V max values were found to be 2.5 μmol of CoA released/min per mg vs. 0.014 μmol of acetaldehyde formed (NADH oxidized)/min per mg.
Letter From the Incoming Editor.

October 19, 2009 I am delighted to have been selected as the next Editor of Perspectives on Psychological Science. Under Ed Diener’s leadership, the journal has gotten off to a terrific start. It has published high-quality articles across the range of our discipline, including reviews, biographies, special issues reflecting on our science past and future, controversial target pieces with replies, and even a bit of humor. The quality has been rewarded both internally and externally. Many people recently have told me that PPS is their favorite psychology journal (okay, maybe that is not an unbiased sample). In addition, Thomson ISI has approved PPS for coverage in the Social Science Citation Index, the JCR: Social Science Edition, and Current
The determinants of institutional demand for common stock: Tests of the capm vs. individual stock attributes

Abstract This study examines the determinants of institutional investment demand for common stock. We first estimate the demand function for seven classes of institutions using mean return and CAPM risk measures (beta and standard error). We then estimate the demand function for the same seven institutional classes using the first four moments of the returns distribution calculated in the conventional fashion on individual stocks. Our objective is to determine whether institutional investment decisions are influenced by the CAPM model attributes or by individual stock attributes. We find that institutional investors appear to aggressively seek high beta stocks and to avoid stocks with high unsystematic risk. Our results indicate that institutional investors evaluate stocks on the basis of individual attributes. Institutional investors appear to be strongly influenced by ex post measures of market returns and are averse to variance, skewness and kurtosis in returns.
Evaluation of a Peer-Run Hospital Diversion Program: A Descriptive Study

Few studies have explored how peer-run hospital diversion services can contribute to consumers' perceptions of care and recovery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a peer-run hospital diversion program (PRHDP) on mental health consumers' recovery; to compare the consumers' experience of environment, services, and staff with a non-peer-run acute inpatient program (NPRIP); to understand the clients' beliefs about PRHDP; and to assess their evaluation of services received in both settings. A purposive sample of 39 mental health consumers rated the quality and type of services they received in a PRHDP versus a NPRIP, and their beliefs about the impact of these services on their recovery and life satisfaction. The Quality of Life Index and items developed by focus groups were used. The results indicate that services at the PRHDP were more client-centered and less restrictive than at NPRIPs. PRHDP staff were viewed as more respectful. Respondents reported feeling decreased stigma due to me...
Packaging of Host mY RNAs by Murine Leukemia Virus May Occur Early in Y RNA Biogenesis

Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) selectively encapsidates host mY1 and mY3 RNAs. These noncoding RNA polymerase III transcripts are normally complexed with the Ro60 and La proteins, which are autoantigens associated with rheumatic disease that function in RNA biogenesis and quality control. Here, MLV replication and mY RNA packaging were analyzed using Ro60 knockout embryonic fibroblasts, which contain only ∼3% as much mY RNA as wild-type cells. Virus spread at the same rate in wild-type and Ro knockout cells. Surprisingly, MLV virions shed by Ro60 knockout cells continued to package high levels of mY1 and mY3 (about two copies of each) like those from wild-type cells, even though mY RNAs were barely detectable within producer cells. As a result, for MLV produced in Ro60 knockout cells, encapsidation selectivity from among all cell RNAs was even higher for mY RNAs than for the viral genome. Whereas mY RNAs are largely cytoplasmic in wild-type cells, fractionation of knockout cells revealed that the residual mY RNAs were relatively abundant in nuclei, likely reflecting the fact that most mY RNAs were degraded shortly after transcription in the absence of Ro60. Together, these data suggest that these small, labile host RNAs may be recruited at a very early stage of their biogenesis and may indicate an intersection of retroviral assembly and RNA quality control pathways.
Subcutaneous Implantation of Cancer following Thoracentesis

The second case of subcutaneous implantation of cancer following thoracentesis is reported. This type of metastasis has also been seen with percutaneous needle biopsy of the pleura or lung. This potential complication does not contraindicate thoracentesis.
Characterization of p53 mutations in methylene chloride-induced lung tumors from B6C3F1 mice

Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are the most common defined genetic alterations seen in a wide variety of human cancers. In contrast, little is known about the importance of the p53 gene in chemically induced tumors of rodents, which are widely used as models for the evaluation of human health risks. In this study we examined 54 methylene chloride-induced and seven spontaneously arising lung tumors from female B6C3F1 mice for losses of heterozygosity (LOH) at markers near the p53 gene on chromosome 11. LOH was detected in seven methylene chloride-induced lung carcinomas by Southern analysis of a restriction fragment length polymorphism and PCR analysis of five simple sequence length polymorphisms. In each case allele loss was observed at all six markers; thus, these chromosomal alterations were likely to have resulted from mitotic nondisjunction. In contrast, LOH was not detected in 20 liver tumors from methylene chloride-treated mice at the Acrb locus, which is tightly linked to the p53 gene on chromosome 11. In addition single strand conformation polymorphism analysis was performed to screen for mutations in the most conserved regions of the p53 gene (exons 5 to 8). Consequently, potential mutations identified by direct sequencing, were only detected in four of the seven tumor samples with LOH, but not in any of the remaining lung tumors. Overexpression of the p53 protein by immunohistochemical staining was detected only in the four tumors that contained p53 point mutations and in a focal area of another tumor. Finally, using a simple sequence length polymorphism within the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene, LOH on mouse chromosome 14 was also detected in three lung carcinomas and one liver tumor. Inactivation of p53 and possibly the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene appear to be infrequent events in lung and liver tumors from methylene chloride treated mice.
Phase Field Modeling of Microstructural Evolution in Solids: Effect of Coupling among Different Extended Defects

Microstructural evolution during phase transformation and plastic deformation is controlled by the coupling among different extended defects present simultaneously in crystalline solids under various processing and service conditions. Dislocations, stacking faults, homophase and heterophase interfaces, and precipitates are typical examples of these defects. Bombardment of crystalline solids by energetic particles will add additional defects such as vacancy/self-interstitial clusters and cascades. In this article, we introduce a general phase field formulation that allows for simultaneous treatment of these extended defects in a common framework. Using gradient thermodynamics of nonuniform systems and microelasticity theory of strain-carrying defects, the method describes naturally spatio-temporal evolution of arbitrary structural and compositional nonuniformities associated with various extended defects. Several examples are discussed, including effect of dislocation on spinodal decomposition and precipitation, effect of vacancy and interstitial discs on dislocation motion, and rafting of γ′ in Ni-base alloys that involves concurrent evolution of precipitate microstructure and dislocations.
Simulation of an apparel assembly cell with walking workers and decouplers

Abstract In the apparel industry, cells for manufacturing and assembly are called modules. A simulation model has been developed to study the behavior of a unique module that employed five multifunctional, walking workers and 13 sewing stations with great variations in processing times. Cells are the major components in integrated pull manufacturing systems (IPMSs). IPMSs are the designs for the factories with a future.
Intensity Measurements in the Arc Spectrum of Nickel

The relative intensities of 478 nickel arc lines have been measured photoelectrically between 3359 and 5893A with an accuracy of better than one percent for the good lines. The dc arc was operated under steady conditions at a current of 2 amperes. Corrections for self-absorption have been determined. The influence of arc fluctuations has been minimized by recording always the ratio of the output of a scanning tube to that of a fixed tube placed on a control line.
ALA’s Legislative Day 2005

Purpose – To report on the 31st Annual National Library Legislative Day held on May 3, 2005.Design/methodology/approach – Provides a concise review of the conference/Findings – Topics covered were congressional appropriations, copyright, the USA Patriot Act, key issues: honing the message, school libraries, tele‐communications: the E‐rate, government information and Library Services and Technology Act [LSTA].Originality/value – This paper is a useful summary of a conference of interest to library and information management professionals.
Classification And Certification Of Offshore Units

The paper discusses the function of a classification society and specifies the requirements for the classification of mobile drilling units by the "American Bureau of Shipping". The data and calculations to be submitted for review for classification and the extent to which classification is concerned with the overall structure and its operation are indicated. In addition it is pointed out how classification societies can assist owners and operators in obtaining certification to government regulations. Order from NSFI as No. 16772.
Some recurrence relation-based estimators of the parameters of a generalized log-series distribution

Two families of closed form estimators are proposed for estimating the single parameter of the log-series distribution(LSD)and for estimating the two parameters of a generalization of the LSD distribution(GLSD)presented by Tripathi and Gupta(1985). These families are based on the recurrence relations obtained from these distributions, are of closed form, and have very high asymptotic relative effi¬ciencies. Some two-stage procedures are suggested.
Polarimetric Analysis of Backscatter From the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Using L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar

We analyze the fully-polarimetric Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) data acquired on June 23, 2010, from two adjacent, overlapping flight tracks that imaged the main oil slick near the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) rig site in the Gulf of Mexico. Our results show that radar backscatter from both clean water and oil in the slick is predominantly from a single surface scatterer, consistent with the tilted Bragg scattering mechanism, across the range of incidence angles from 26° to 60°. We show that the change of backscatter over the main slick is due both to a damping of the ocean wave spectral components by the oil and an effective reduction of the dielectric constant resulting from a mixture of 65-90% oil with water in the surface layer. This shows that synthetic aperture radar can be used to measure the oil volumetric concentration in a thick slick. Using the H/A/α parameters, we show that surface scattering is dominant for oil and water whenever the data are above the noise floor and that the entropy (H) and α parameters for the DWH slick are comparable to those from the clean water. The anisotropy, A, parameter shows substantial variation across the oil slick and a significant range-dependent signal whenever the backscatter in all channels is above the instrument noise floor. For slick detection, we find the most reliable indicator to be the major eigenvalue of the coherency matrix, which is approximately equal to the total backscatter power for both oil in the slick and clean sea water.
Collaborative information seeking: understanding users, systems, and content

The course will introduce the student to theories, methodologies, and tools that focus on information retrieval/seeking in collaboration. The student will have an opportunity to learn about the social aspect of IR with a focus on collaborative information seeking (CIS) situations, systems, and evaluation techniques. Traditionally, IR is considered an individual pursuit, and not surprisingly, the majority of tools, techniques, and models developed for addressing information need, retrieval, and usage have focused on single users. The assumption of information seekers being independent and IR problem being individual has been challenged often in the recent past. This course will introduce such works to the students, with an emphasis on understanding models and systems that support collaborative search or browsing. In addition, the course will provide samples of data collected through several experiments to demonstrate various mining and analysis techniques. Specifically, the course will (1) outline the research and latest developments in the field of collaborative IR, (2) list the challenges for designing and evaluating collaborative IR systems, and (3) show how traditional single user IR models and systems could be mapped to those for CIS. This will be achieved through introduction to appropriate literature, algorithms and interfaces that facilitate CIS, and methodologies for studying and evaluating them. Thus, the course will offer a balance between theoretical and practical elements of CIS.
Edge-disjoint paths in digraphs with bounded independence number

A digraph H is infused in a digraph G if the vertices of H are mapped to vertices of G (not necessarily distinct), and the edges of H are mapped to edge-disjoint directed paths of G joining the corresponding pairs of vertices of G. The algorithmic problem of determining whether a fixed graph H can be infused in an input graph G is polynomial-time solvable for all graphs H (using paths instead of directed paths). However, the analogous problem in digraphs is NP-complete for most digraphs H. We provide a polynomial-time algorithm to solve a rooted version of the problem, for all digraphs H, in digraphs with independence number bounded by a fixed integer α. The problem that we solve is a generalization of the k edge-disjoint directed paths problem (for fixed k).
The inference of interfacial properties from capillary wave experiments. I. systems with negligible surface viscosity

Abstract Investigation of capillary ripples on a water-air interface (covered with a monomolecular layer of a water-insoluble surface-active agent) has established that an interface may exhibit finite and measurable resistance to changes in shape (bending). In some cases a bending elasticity and a bending viscosity were shown to be needed, along with the more familiar surface tension and interfacial, (two-dimensional) elasticity and viscosity, in order to satisfactorily describe the wavelength and damping coefficient of capillary ripples. Values for all these mechanical parameters have been deduced from regression schemes applied to the experimental data and the characteristic equation for capillary ripples. This equation results from solution of the bulk phase hydrodynamic equations and appropriate interfacial boundary conditions.
World War I origins of the syphilis epidemic among 20th century black Americans: a biohistorical analysis.

Syphilis outbreaks and differentials have been an ongoing issue in modern preventive medicine and public health. Since the early 20th Century, a variety of approaches has been employed to explain demographic and temporal variations in the prevalence of syphilis in the U.S. Public health experts and physicians have tended to rely on case-by-case approaches to explain group-specific patterns. This study, however, shows that population-level disease dynamics cannot be ascertained from these individual-level studies. We offer a biohistorical methodology to study syphilis prevalence differentials in U.S. populations. Using historical health data, this study suggests that the social disruption brought on by World War I was the critical and unique environmental condition which ignited an epidemic of syphilis among black Americans. By establishing this beginning point for the epidemic, this study further shows the persistence of the epidemic for the next 40 years and its decline. This biohistorical methodology could be applied to the analysis of STD epidemics in other populations and regions experiencing mass exposure events.
EVIDENCE FOR TRANS REGULATION OF APOPTOSIS IN INTERTYPIC SOMATIC CELL HYBRIDS

The genetic components required for glucocorticoid induction of apoptosis were studied by using somatic cell hybridization. Intertypic whole-cell hybrids were generated by crossing the glucocorticoid-resistant rat liver cell line Fado-2 with the glucocorticoid-sensitive mouse thymoma cell line BW5147.3. Morphological and biochemical criteria were used to assess sensitivity or resistance to glucocorticoid-induced cell death. Both phenotypes were observed, and all of the hybrids retained a functional glucocorticoid receptor as judged by their abilities to induce the metallothionein gene in response to dexamethasone (Dex). Sensitivity to apoptosis did not correlate with morphological phenotype in that not all suspension cells were sensitive. The effect of glucocorticoids on the expression of apoptosis-linked genes was analyzed in a subset of Dex-sensitive and Dex-resistant hybrids. p53 and c-myc mRNAs were present in parental cells as well as sensitive and resistant hybrid cells, and their levels were not affected by glucocorticoid treatment. bcl-2 expression was restricted to the thymoma cell line and was also not affected by glucocorticoids. We did not detect any bcl-2 mRNA in the hepatoma cell line and the hybrids, suggesting that, as with most tissue-specific genes, bcl-2 is regulated in trans. Furthermore, while the majority of hybrids analyzed retained a full complement of mouse chromosomes, sensitive hybrids were missing some rat chromosomes (preferentially chromosomes 16 and 19), indicating that apoptosis is subject to trans repression. Resistant cells thus appear to repress the activity or synthesis of a nuclear factor that interacts with a glucocorticoid-dependent gene(s) to activate the cell death pathway.
Binding of an N-terminal Rhodanese Peptide to DnaJ and to Ribosomes

A peptide corresponding to the N-terminal 17 amino acids of bovine rhodanese was fluorescently labeled with a coumarin derivative at its primary amino group(s) and then purified by high performance liquid chromatography. This peptide interacted with the molecular chaperone DnaJ in the absence of other chaperones and ATP. In the presence of ATP, the molecular chaperone DnaK bound to the DnaJ-peptide complex, but not to the peptide alone. The chaperone GrpE appeared to cause the release of the peptide bound to the ternary complex in the presence of ATP but not in the presence of ADP. This nucleotide apparently stabilized the complex. The peptide also bound to salt-washed Escherichia coli 70 S ribosomes, specifically to 50 S ribosomal subunits, not to 30 S subunits. DnaJ plus DnaK interacted with the peptide on the ribosome. GrpE caused dissociation of the peptide from the ribosome; ATP was required for this reaction. It was inhibited by ADP. A comparable series of chaperone-mediated reactions is assumed to occur with the N-terminal segment of the nascent polypeptide to facilitate its folding on ribosomes.
An observational study of the influence of solar zenith angle on properties of the M1 layer of the Mars ionosphere

The variations in peak properties of the M1 layer (the lower photochemical plasma layer) with solar zenith angle (SZA) are important relationships for understanding the physical processes which control this region of the Mars ionosphere. The behavior of the M1 layer has been poorly characterized to date. Here we introduce an automated and repeatable method for determining properties of the M1 and M2 layers simultaneously in 5600 Mars Global Surveyor radio occultation profiles of dayside electron density. The results support previous findings for M1 and M2 subsolar peak densities and the dependence of peak densities on solar zenith angle. The ratio of M1 peak density to M2 peak density remains constant at 0.4 for 70° <SZA< 90°, in contrast with previous numerical simulations. The M1 altitude increases with solar zenith angle with a lengthscale, L1 = 2.5 km, which is about half that of the M2 layer, L2 = 5.2 km, indicating that the two layers become increasingly separated at high solar zenith angles. The vertical width of the M1 layer, H1, decreases from 7 km to 5 km as solar zenith angle increases from 70° to 90°, whereas the vertical width of the M2 layer, H2, increases from 10 km to 14 km. The prediction of ideal Chapman theory that both the widths Hi and the lengthscales Li equal the neutral scale height is not supported by observations. These findings provide meaningful observational constraints for numerical models, which are known to have trouble reproducing observations and observed trends associated with the M1 layer.
Developing an Ethos for Change in a Department of Special Education: Focus on Collaboration and an Ethic of Care

During the course of the past five years, the Department of Special Education at the University of South Florida has undergone a change process designed to position itself to better respond to the changing needs of the field as we move toward a new century. This paper describes key aspects of that change process. The introductory section outlines seven interrelated core beliefs and values that have served as the force behind the change process and guided the work of faculy and students. The second section deals with the theme of collaboration and describes the various collaborative research groups (CRGs) which provide the context for collaborative inquiry, scholarship, and program development. The paper also shows how we have used the CRGs to create linkages with other academic units in the university and with schools and the community at large.
CONSTRUCTING AFRICAN AMERICAN URBAN SPACE IN ATLANTA, GEORGIA*

Recognizing the connections between the construction of urban space and racial identity, this article explores an urban redevelopment scheme launched in 2004 by Big Bethel ame Church in Atlanta, Ge...
Politically Purposed Music Genres

Building on previous work documenting musical genre forms in the United States, this exploratory study reports the discovery of a new type, which the authors term the politically purposed genre. They find two major types: those sponsored by governments, which benefit from national distribution and legal protection, and an anti—status quo type supported by an opposition party or constituency that shares its critique of the existing sociopolitical and economic order. Four nation-cases have been examined: the People’s Republic of China, Chile, Serbia, and Nigeria. The authors examine each case in turn and close with a discussion of the limitations and possibilities of this discovery.
The biological foundation of culture

The process of culture formation As instructor in a graduate course in the history of science based on the study of the original works of the leading pioneers of science since its origins in Greek antiquity. I found it advisable to resort to an educational stratagem that served to stimulate the student’s interest in the subject. This artifice proved of significance beyond its original motive. The stratagem required that students look about them and select a dozen man-made items, name the inventor, place and date of origin, the reception accorded each, and the rate and extent of their diffusion. Since each student had to list twelve objects and also six concepts such as magnetism, gravity, hell, arteries, acceleration, ballads, dadaism, etc., each class produced quite a list of man’s cultural artifacts ranging from bricks, glass, cotton, buttons, paper, to electric lights, zippers, the alphabet, movable type, money, and dozens of conceptual terms. Among the inventors most frequently cited were Edison, Eli Whitney, Alexander Graham Bell, Ampere, Faraday, Gutenberg, Darwin, Shakespeare, Newton, Pasteur, Freud, Jonas Salk, and other prominent Olympians of modern science and the humanities. Each new school year enriched the pile of answer sheets although more than ninety percent of the items named lacked names of inventors, dates, and places of origin. Yet, what I learned served my purposes well enough because all participants came to realize that their unawareness of past gifts and benefactors of humanity revealed a universal weakness in human nature. It soon became apparent that essentially we were studying the historical growth of a culture under more or less verifiable conditions. Anthropologists have studied primitive cultures as they had found them, hence largely in the absence of sequential development. They could seldom record the mode of origin and spread of innovations or rites, or the group’s attitude toward the influx of one artifact or another or of concepts from neighboring cultures. In our own case, it seemed we were clearly studying certain aspects of our culture from within, which process could enable us to see phases of culture growth which conventional study had not observed. Our own had ample records of the conditions that prevailed at the time of an invention’s birth and its spread, of its psychological and social impact, of its acceptance or the resistance to it, and its fusion with established practices or beliefs. The lesson we garnered from our data was that every element of a culture is the brainchild of gifted individuals as a rule crystallized by the mind of a uniquely gifted one. Some modifications or additions may be the achievements of no particularly outstanding