cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laser-induced microstructural changes and decomposition of aluminum nitride

The microstructural changes induced by pulsed laser irradiation in the surface layer of AlN and the initial stage of electroless copper deposition in laser processe specimens have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that a dislocation microstructure is generated by laser processing at laser energy densities of 1.5 J/cm2 or higher. A very sharp change in the dislocation microstructure was seen at a depth of 0.2 to 0.3 μm from the free surface. The dislocation Burgers vector is 〈100〉 and the slip plane is {001}, in agreement with previous reports. AlN was melted and resolidified homo-epitactically from the solid substrate forming a mosaic microstructure with very fine cells having a misorientation of up to 15°. Patches of metallic aluminum were found at the surface of all the specimens irradiated at a laser energy density of 1.5 J/cm2 or higher. Very fine particles of AlN, 20 to 50 nm in diameter, were randomly distributed inside the patches. Immersion of these specimens in an electroless copper bath showed that the electroless solution preferentially etched away aluminum at the Al-AlN interface. At the same time copper islands were deposited in cavities left by AlN particles as well as at the interface with the underlying substrate. These regions are the seeds for further electroless deposition. The TEM observations of laser-induced microstructural changes reported in this paper help to unravel further the mechanisms of adhesion enhancement and surface activation by pulsed laser irradiation.
The k-neighbor, r-domination problems on interval graphs

Abstract Many facility location problems are modeled as optimization problems on graphs. We consider the following facility location problem. Given a graph G = ( V , E ) with N vertices and M edges, the k -neighbor, r -dominating set (( k , r )-dominating set) problem is to determine the minimum cardinality set D ⊆ V such that, for every vertex u ϵ V − D the distance between vertex u and at least k vertices in D is less than or equal to r . If we impose the condition that the graph induced by vertices in D should be connected, then the set D is a connected ( k , r )-dominating set; and if for each vertex in D there exists another vertex in D at a distance at most r , then the set D is a total( k , r )-dominating set; and if for each vertex in D there exists another vertex in D adjacent to it, then the set D is a reliable ( k , r )-dominating set. In this paper, we present algorithms which run in O( k · N ) time for solving the above problems on interval graphs, given its interval representation in sorted order. For the value of r = 1, our algorithms have a time-complexity of O(min( N , M )).
Adrenergic Signaling Polymorphisms and Their Impact on Cardiovascular Disease

This review examines the impact of recent discoveries defining personal genetics of adrenergic signaling polymorphisms on scientific discovery and medical practice related to cardiovascular disease...
Disagreement between self-reported and clinician-ascertained suicidal ideation and its correlation with depression and anxiety severity in patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder.

Abstract Objectives To study the disagreement between self-reported suicidal ideation (SR-SI) and clinician-ascertained suicidal ideation (CA-SI) and its correlation with depression and anxiety severity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BPD). Methods Routine clinical outpatients were diagnosed with the MINI-STEP-BD version. SR-SI was extracted from the 16 Item Quick Inventory of Depression Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR-16) item 12. CA-SI was extracted from a modified Suicide Assessment module of the MINI. Depression and anxiety severity were measured with the QIDS-SR-16 and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Chi-square, Fisher exact, and bivariate linear logistic regression were used for analyses. Results Of 103 patients with MDD, 5.8% endorsed any CA-SI and 22.4% endorsed any SR-SI. Of the 147 patients with BPD, 18.4% endorsed any CA-SI and 35.9% endorsed any SR-SI. The agreement between any SR-SI and any CA-SI was 83.5% for MDD and 83.1% for BPD, with weighted Kappa of 0.30 and 0.43, respectively. QIDS-SR-16 score, female gender, and ≥4 year college education were associated with increased risk for disagreement, 15.44 ± 4.52 versus 18.39 ± 3.49 points (p = 0.0026), 67% versus 46% (p = 0.0783), and 61% versus 29% (p = 0.0096). The disagreement was positively correlated to depression severity in both MDD and BPD with a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.40 and 0.79, respectively, but was only positively correlated to anxiety severity in BPD with a R2 = 0.46. Conclusion Self-reported questionnaire was more likely to reveal higher frequency and severity of SI than clinician-ascertained, suggesting that a combination of self-reported and clinical-ascertained suicidal risk assessment with measuring depression and anxiety severity may be necessary for suicide prevention.
Alkane-induced expression, substrate binding profile, and immunolocalization of a cytochrome P450 encoded on the nifD excision element of Anabaena 7120

Background Alkanes have been hypothesized to act as universal inducers of bacterial cytochrome P450 gene expression. We tested this hypothesis on an unusual P450 gene (cyp110) found on a conserved 11 kilobase episomal DNA element of unknown function found in filamentous cyanobacteria. We also monitored the binding of potential substrates to the P450 protein and explored the distribution of P450 protein in vegetative cells and nitrogen-fixing heterocysts using immuno-electron microscopy.
Organopentafluorosilicates: Reagents for rapid and efficient incorporation of NO-carrier-added radiobromine and radioiodine

An investigation exploring the utility of organopentafluorosilicates as intermediates for the site specific incorporation of no-carrier-added radiobromine or radioiodine into organic molecules was carried out. Some simple alkyl- and arylpentafluorosilicates were synthesized and reacted with insitu generated [77Br]BrCl and 131 I)ICl. The radiohalogenations of aryl- and primary alkylpentafluorosilicates were found to be complete within 10 minutes at room temperature, with radiochemical yields of 74-96%. Radiohalogenations of a secondary alkylpentafluorosilicate, cyclohexylSiF5 K2, gave lower radiochemical yields and required higher reaction temperatures.
Refinements in modeling the passive properties of laryngeal soft tissue

The nonlinear viscoelastic passive properties of three canine intrinsic laryngeal muscles, the lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA), the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), and the interarytenoid (IA), were fit to the parameters of a modified Kelvin model. These properties were compared with those of the thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT) muscles, as well as previously unpublished viscoelastic characteristics of the human vocal ligament. Passive parameters of the modified Kelvin model were summarized for the vocal ligament, mucosa, and all five laryngeal muscles. Results suggest that the LCA, PCA, and IA muscles are functionally different from the TA and CT muscles in their load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, the LCA, PCA, and IA have a much larger stress-strain hysteresis effect than has been previously reported for the TA and CT or the vocal ligament. The variation in this effect suggests that the connective tissue within the TA and CT muscles is somehow similar to the vocal ligament but different from the LCA, PCA, or IA muscles. Further demonstrating the potential significance of grouping tissues in the laryngeal system by functional groups in the laryngeal system was the unique finding that, over their working elongation range, the LCA and PCA were nearly as exponentially stiff as the vocal ligament. This paper was written in conjunction with an online technical report (http://www.ncvs.org/ncvs/library/tech) in which comprehensive muscle data and sensitivity analysis, as well as downloadable data files and computer scripts, are made available.
Manner in Teaching: A Study in Observing and Interpreting Teachers' Moral Virtues

Abstract This paper shows how manner may be made visible, as a philosophical concept and an object of empirical inquiry. Using Aristotle's ethics as the framework, the philosophical inquiry examines the conceptual nature of teachers’ moral conduct, and the empirical inquiry analyzes their moral conduct. This dual conceptual/empirical approach permits inquirers to observe and interpret how teachers express moral virtue. One may draw the conclusion that it is possible to systematically observe and interpret manner in teaching. An implication for teacher education is that encouraging teachers to consider their manner may result in more educative interactions between teachers and students.
The Lonely Student in the Lonesome School

Much of the violence and disruption that occurs in the schools occurs because the schools have become cold and impersonal places, this author believes. If schools are to become more humane and peaceful places, he suggests, educators must re focus attention on each student as an individual.
I ♡ Islam: Popular Religious Commodities, Sites of Inscription, and Transnational Sierra Leonean Identity

This essay explores how and why Muslim Sierra Leoneans living and working in the Washington DC metropolitan area inscribe religious identity onto their work sites by means of a variety of Islamic c...
Observations of ventilation during resuscitation in a canine model.

BACKGROUND Fear of infection limits the willingness of laymen to do cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study assessed the time course of change in arterial blood gases during resuscitation with only chest compression (no ventilation) in an effort to identify the time for which ventilation could be deferred. METHODS AND RESULTS Aortic pressures and arterial blood gases were monitored in seven 20- to 30-kg dogs in ventricular fibrillation (VF) at 2-minute intervals during chest compression alone (no ventilation) at 80 to 100 compressions per minute. Before the induction of ventricular fibrillation, all animals were intubated and ventilated with room air, 10 mL/kg. The endotracheal tube was removed when VF was induced. Pre-VF arterial pH, PCO2, and O2 saturation were (mean +/- SEM) 7.39 +/- 0.02, 27.0 +/- 1.5 mm Hg, and 97.5 +/- 0.5%, respectively, with aortic pressures being 143.2 +/- 5.7/116.2 +/- 4.6 mm Hg. At 4 minutes of chest compression alone, the corresponding values were 7.39 +/- 0.03, 24.3 +/- 3.1 mm Hg, and 93.9 +/- 3.0%, with an arterial pressure of 48.1 +/- 7.7/22.6 +/- 3.9 mm Hg. Mean minute ventilation during the fourth minute of CPR, measured with a face mask-pneumotachometer, was 5.2 +/- 1.1 L/min. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that in the dog model of witnessed arrest, chest compression alone during CPR can maintain adequate gas exchange to sustain O2 saturation > 90% for > 4 minutes. The need for immediate ventilation during witnessed arrest should be reexamined.
Effect of stomaching on numbers of bacteria recovered from chicken skin

ABSTRACT Stomaching of skin samples releases only slightly more bacteria than a single rinse. Successive rinses, however, continue to remove almost as many bacteria as the first rinse. One hypothesis to explain this observation is that relatively violent treatment of skin generates smaller pieces of skin, thus increasing the net surface area and effectively sequestering bacteria in a water film on the skin pieces so that numbers of bacteria suspended in the rinsate do not increase. An experiment was conducted to determine whether inoculated marker bacteria are removed from the rinse liquid as skin pieces are stomached and naturally occurring bacteria are released. In each of 4 replications, 5 prechill broiler carcasses were collected from a commercial processing plant. Two 5-g pieces (n = 40) of breast skin were removed from each carcass and placed in a stomacher bag. An inoculum of 30 mL of 0.85% saline solution containing approximately 104 of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium per milliliter was added to each sample. Skin samples were hand-massaged for 30 s to mix the inoculum, after which a 1-mL aliquot was removed for enumeration of bacteria. A similar sample was taken after 4 min of vigorous stomaching of the skin sample. Bacterial counts recovered from the 30-s hand-massage were 4.3, 2.7, 2.6, and 3.7 log10 cfu/mL of rinsate for aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella, respectively. After stomaching, counts were 4.3, 2.9, 2.8, and 3.8, respectively. There was no difference in aerobic plate counts, but mean coliform and E. coli counts were significantly higher (P
GENDER AND EMOTION IN THE ADVOCACY FOR BREAST CANCER INFORMED CONSENT LEGISLATION

This is a qualitative study of the role of gender and emotion in a political setting. The data are from interviews of activists and legislators, as well as from archival accounts of the debates in state legislatures about breast cancer informed consent legislation. I found that proponents for and against the legislation shared the belief that women are more emotional than men. This social belief shaped the political strategies the activists adopted and initially contributed to their effectiveness; however, their opponents claimed that the women activists should be dismissed because their emotionalism made them irrational. I close by discussing Western cultural beliefs about emotions, social stereotypes regarding women, and their consequences for women activists in political arenas.
Determining fluid source and possible pathways during burial dolomitization of Maryville Limestone (Cambrian), Southern Appalachians, USA

Detailed petrographic analyses along a depositional transect from a carbonate platform to shale basin reveals that dolomite is the principal burial diagenctic mineral in the Maryville Limestone. This study examines the role of burial dolomitization of subtidal carbonates. Dolomite occurs as a replacement of precursor carbonate and as inter- and intraparticle cements. Four different types of dolomite are identified based on detailed petrographic and gcochemical analyses. Type I dolomite occurs as small, irregular disseminations typically within mud-rich facies.Type II dolomite typically occurs as inclusions of planar euhedral rhombs (ferroan), 5–300 μm in size, in blocky clear ferroan calcite (meteoric) spar. Type II dolomite is non-luminescent. Type I and II dolomite formed during shallow to intermediate burial diagenesis. Type III dolomite consists of subhedral to anhedral crystals 10–150 μm in size occurring as thin seams along stylolites and as thick bands a few millimetres in width. This dolomite consists of dominantly non-luminescent rhombs and, less commonly, orange luminescent and zoned rhombs. Type IV dolomite consists of baroque or saddle-shaped, 100–1500 μm crystals, and is non-luminescent. Type IV dolomite formed during the period of maximum burial. Types III and IV dolomite increase in abundance downslope. Type III dolomite contains 1.2–2.6 wt% Fe and a maximum of 1000 ppm Mn. The distribution of these elements displays no distinct vertical or lateral trends. In contrast, Fe and Mn distributions in Type IV dolomite exhibit distinct spatial trends, decreasing from 3.5–4.5 wl% Fe and 0.1–0.3 wt% Mn in the west (slope/basin) to 1.5–2.5 wt% Fe and less than 600 ppm Mn in the east (shelf margin), a distance of approximately 60 km. Spatial trends in Fe and Mn distributions in Type IV saddle dolomite, suggest a west-east fluid flow during late burial diagenesis. Types III and IV dolomite have a mean δ18O value of - 7.8%00 and a mean δ13C value of + 1.1%00 (relative to the PDB standard). Based on a range of assumed basinal water composition of 2.8%00 SMOW, temperatures calculated from δ18O values of Types III and IV dolomite range between 75 and 160°C. 87Sr/86Sr data for Types III and IV dolomite range from 0.7111 to 0.7139. These values are radiogenic when compared to Cambrian marine values and are consistent with the presence of a diagenetic fluid that interacted with siliciclastic sediments. The distribution of Palaeozoic facies in the southern Appalachians indicates a Cambrian shale source for the fluids, whilst burial curves suggest a Middle Ordovician age for burial fluid movement.
Comparative Analyses of the 9 Glycoprotein Genes Found in Wild-Type and Vaccine Strains of Varicella-Zoster Virus

The complete DNA sequences of wild-type and vaccine strains of varicella-zoster virus have been published and listed in GenBank. In this comparative genomic analysis, the sequences of the 9 glycoprotein open reading frames (ORFs) were compared. They included gE (ORF68), gI (ORF 67), gC (ORF14), gH (ORF37), gL (ORF60), gB (ORF31), gK (ORF5), gM (ORF50), and gN (ORF8 or ORF9A). After realignment on the basis of newer data, the corrected gB sequence was lengthened to include 931 residues. The data showed that there were glycoprotein polymorphisms that differentiated North American/European strains from Japanese strains-for example, an additional ATG codon in the gL of all Oka strains. Also, there were a small number of coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms present only in glycoproteins of vaccine strains. Because these changes were highly conserved, the structure of the glycoprotein was unlikely to be altered.
What is the relationship between number of publications during orthopaedic residency and selection of an academic career

Background: Although many residents partake in academic pursuits, including the publication of clinical studies, laboratory research, case reports, and review articles, it is uncertain whether such experiences are associated with a career-long interest in an academic orthopaedic career. Methods: This single-institution study was conducted with use of data from an urban academic university-based residency program. An academic career was defined as attainment of a teaching title signifying inclusion in, or affiliation with, a teaching department. Additionally, an academic career was subclassified as either full academic or semi-academic on the basis of employment characteristics. A PubMed search was conducted for publications by all 130 orthopaedic surgery residents who began their training in our residency program during the 1987-1988 through 2003-2004 academic years. An analysis was performed to determine whether the number or type of publications during residency or demographic variables were associated with selection of an academic career on completion of training. Results: The mean total number of publications during residency was greater for individuals who chose an academic career (4.8) than for those who chose a nonacademic career (2.4). When the year of residency graduation was considered, a greater number of publications during residency correlated with a more recent year of graduation in residents who selected an academic position. There were no differences with regard to sex, possession of advanced degrees, or completion of an additional research year between individuals who selected an academic compared with a nonacademic career. Conclusions: Graduates of our orthopaedic residency program who pursued an academic career were likely to have published more articles during residency compared with their nonacademic peers.
Unique Aspects of Adolescent Sexual Victimization Experiences.

This study explored females’ adolescent experiences with sexual aggression using event-level data. A community sample of women, ages 18 to 30 years (N = 319), were interviewed regarding their most ...
Enhancing L2 organization for CMPs with a center cell

Chip multiprocessors (CMPs) are becoming a popular way of exploiting ever-increasing number of on-chip transistors. At the same time, the location of data on the chip can play a critical role in the performance of these CMPs because of the growing on-chip storage capacities and the relative cost of wire delays. It is important to locate the data at the right place at the right time in the on-chip cache hierarchy. This paper presents a novel L2 cache organization for CMPs with these goals in mind. We first study the data sharing characteristics of a wide spectrum of multi-threaded applications and show that, while there are a considerable number of L2 accesses to shared data, the volume of this data is relatively low. Consequently, it is important to keep this shared data fairly close to all processor cores for both performance and power reasons. Motivated by this observation, we propose a small center cell cache residing in the middle of the processor cores which provides fast access to its contents. We demonstrate that this cache organization can considerably lower the number of block migrations between the L2 portions that are closer to each core, thus providing better performance and power.
Coping and Adjustment of Children with Neurological Disorder

The opportunity to test the limits of one’s clinical acumen is clearly apparent in the field of clinical child neuropsychology. The explosion of related theory and research, the complexity of case material, and the growing demand for applied expertise continue to challenge us daily. Indeed, the study of developmental brain-behavior relationships can be so intrinsically fascinating, so alluring, that many of us cannot imagine being satisfied in another domain of study. Yet there may be a subtle trap in all of this, the trap of becoming so enthralled with exploring brain-behavior relationships in isolation that we lose sight of the total experience of the child.
Neonatal avian pneumovirus infection in commercial turkeys.

SUMMARY. Eleven market turkey flocks developed a respiratory disease characterized by coughing, swollen sinuses and nasal discharge. These symptoms first appeared between 3 and 16 days of age. Avian pneumovirus (APV) RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase (RT)–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in six of six flocks tested. APV was detected by immunohistochemistry in turbinates of three of three affected flocks tested. Virus isolation attempts were negative. Ten of 11 flocks became seropositive on the APV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Five weeks prior to hatch of these affected market turkeys, several breeder flocks in one geographic area had developed clinical signs and experienced decline in egg production typical of APV infection. In two breeder flocks, acute and convalescent sera indicated APV infection during the period of declining egg production. Attempts to detect APV RNA by RT-PCR from choanal cleft swabs of newly hatched poults were successful. Attempts to isolate the virus from these PCR-po...
Chronic ankle instability and neural excitability of the lower extremity

Context: Neuromuscular dysfunction of the leg and thigh musculature, including decreased strength and postural control, is common in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Understanding how CAI affects specific neural pathways may provide valuable information for targeted therapies. Objective: To investigate differences in spinal reflexive and corticospinal excitability of the fibularis longus and vastus medialis between limbs in patients with unilateral CAI and between CAI patients and participants serving as healthy controls. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 56 participants volunteered, and complete data for 21 CAI patients (9 men, 12 women; age = 20.81 ± 1.63 years, height = 171.57 ± 11.44 cm, mass = 68.84 ± 11.93 kg) and 24 healthy participants serving as controls (7 men, 17 women; age = 22.54 ± 2.92 years, height = 172.35 ± 10.85 cm, mass = 69.15 ± 12.30 kg) were included in the final analyses. Control participants were match...
Acquisition of form-class membership by syntactic position: Paradigmatic associations to nonsense syllables

CVC trigrams were used in either noun or verb positions in sentences. The sentences were constructed to preclude specific referential meanings. The CVC trigrams were then used as stimuli in a free word-association task. Paradigmatic associations were obtained as a function of syntactic usage.
Advanced biocomposite from highly functional methacrylated epoxidized sucrose soyate (MAESS) resin derived from vegetable oil and fiberglass fabric for composite applications

Abstract For the two last decades, the depletion of petrochemical resources and the increased global environmental awareness have led to a growing interest in polymers derived from renewable resources. Among the possible technical approaches, using plant-based polymers seems to be the most promising solutions. However, most of the bio-based polymers yield low glass transition temperature (T g ) and low mechanical properties such as modulus and hardness. In this paper, the development of a new generation of highly functional polyester-like polymers for using in composite applications was investigated. These materials were synthesized by mixing methacrylated epoxidized sucrose soyate (MAESS) with styrene as a reactive diluent and using a mixture of Luperox P and Trigonox 239A as a high temperature and room temperature initiators, respectively. E-glass fibers were also used as reinforcements. The prepared bio-based composites were characterized by tensile, flexural, and impact strength testing. Scanning electron microscopy and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) were examined to study the fiber–matrix interface behavior. To highlight the performance of bio-based MAESS resin in composites, the results of E-glass/MAESS composite were compared against E-glass/VE as a control. The tensile strength and modules of MAESS and VE resins reinforced with E-glass fibers are 532 MPa, 36.79 GPa and 536 MPa, 36.40 GPa, respectively. The impact strength of the composites with MAESS resin reinforced with E-glass fibers was 237 kJ/m 2 , whereas that of the vinyl ester resin reinforced with same E-glass fiber was 191 kJ/m 2 . The composites using MAESS were hard and ductile with high modulus and exhibit excellent interface and mechanical properties due to high functionality, rigid and compact chemical structures of MAESS oligomers in the thermoset resin. These bio-based composites have potential uses in variety of composite applications both at low and high temperatures.
Optimizing sparse allocation for radar spectrum sharing

Increasing demand by wireless communication applications for spectrum bands predominately occupied by radar applications has led to challenging resource allocation issues in the congested spectrum environment. A new resource allocation scheme based on Marginal Fisher's Information (MFI), is proposed to address the issue of spectrum congestion. Using MFI, which in some cases is identical to integrated sidelobe level (ISL), as the optimization metric, a Sparse Spectrum Allocation algorithm is shown to optimally reallocate a sparse bandwidth while ensuring range resolution performance is maintained and minimizing the degradation in sidelobe performance.
Plant Use in Mountain Pima Holiday Decorations

ABSTRACTThe Mountain Pima of the Sierra Madre Occidental of Chihuahua and Sonora, Mexico, celebrate Holy Week, Christmas, All Souls' Day, and other Christian holidays, plus the indigenous Yumari festival. For several of these holidays they make artificial flowers from sotol (Dasylirion wheeleri) leaves, and arches and crosses covered with pine needles. During Holy Week and All Souls' Day they create elaborate displays of native and cultivated ornamental flowers. Christmas trees are of sabino (Cupressus arizonica) or tascate (Juniperus deppeana var. robusta) decorated with crepe-paper and oak galls.
Investigating the Relationship Between Social and Economic Policy Views, Firearm Ownership, and Death by Firearm in a Sample of Suicide Decedents.

Extant literature provides evidence for the frequent use and lethality of firearms in suicide and the ability of means safety measures to prevent suicides; however, little evidence exists to provide an understanding of the characteristics that differentiate suicide decedents who die by firearm from those who die by other methods. In this study, we build on prior findings regarding the characteristics of those who die by firearms by examining the relationship between social and economic policy views and both firearm ownership and death by firearm in a sample of 160 American suicide decedents. We hypothesized that individuals with more conservative social and economic policy views would have higher rates of firearm ownership and would be more likely to die by firearm than would individuals with more liberal social and economic policy views. Furthermore, we hypothesized that differences in the likelihood of dying by a firearm would be accounted for by firearm ownership, providing preliminary evidence for a s...
Pectoralis Minor Syndrome: Subclavicular Brachial Plexus Compression

The diagnosis of brachial plexus compression—either neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) or neurogenic pectoralis minor syndrome (NPMS)—is based on old fashioned history and physical examination. Tests, such as scalene muscle and pectoralis minor muscle blocks are employed to confirm a diagnosis suspected on clinical findings. Electrodiagnostic studies can confirm a diagnosis of nerve compression, but cannot establish it. This is not a diagnosis of exclusion; the differential and associated diagnoses of upper extremity pain are always considered. Also discussed is conservative and surgical treatment options.
Gaze position modulates the effectiveness of forward collision warnings for drowsy drivers

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have the potential to prevent crashes and reduce their severity. Forward collision warnings (FCW) are quickly becoming standard across vehicle lineups and may prevent frontal crashes by alerting drivers. Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of FCW for distracted drivers, but their effectiveness for other types of impairment remains unknown. Like distraction, drowsiness can impair driver response time and lead to crashes. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of FCW for moderately and severely drowsy drivers using a high-fidelity driving simulator. Drowsy drivers were divided into three warning conditions during a revealed stop vehicle forward collision event: An auditory alert, a haptic seat vibration, and a no warning baseline. Results indicate that FCW were effective at speeding drowsy driver response, but only when the drowsy drivers were looking away from the forward roadway at the onset of the event. These results have important implications for ADAS technology and driver state monitoring systems.
Driver Behavior and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems: An Exploratory Driving Simulator Study

This paper, from a special issue on driving simulator applications in research and clinical practice, explores potential driver behavior changes due to the interactions with advanced vehicle technologies emerging on the market. These technologies, called Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), can take control over specific functions of the vehicle and provide warnings to assist drivers in a variety of driving tasks. The authors explore the evidence that ADAS may change the way drivers behave on the road, resulting in traffic operational improvements and congestion mitigation. The study evaluated performance measures of a vehicle equipped with two types of ADAS in a driving simulator (STISIM Drive) environment; the two systems were Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Lane Change Assist (LCA). A specific route was created in the driving simulator, which consisted of an arterial section followed by a freeway. Participants (n = 25) drove the route twice, once without the systems and then using the two ADAS. Researchers collected data on speed, lane change maneuvers, and headway with the front vehicle. The study found changes in driving behavior due to the systems as well as specific driver characteristics that are more likely to be affected by these technologies. Average and conservative drivers may be more affected by the availability of ADAS, as they may be more willing to accept shorter headways and higher speeds when such systems are in operation.
ParCube: sparse parallelizable tensor decompositions

How can we efficiently decompose a tensor into sparse factors, when the data does not fit in memory? Tensor decompositions have gained a steadily increasing popularity in data mining applications, however the current state-of-art decomposition algorithms operate on main memory and do not scale to truly large datasets. In this work, we propose ParCube, a new and highly parallelizable method for speeding up tensor decompositions that is well-suited to producing sparse approximations. Experiments with even moderately large data indicate over 90% sparser outputs and 14 times faster execution, with approximation error close to the current state of the art irrespective of computation and memory requirements. We provide theoretical guarantees for the algorithm's correctness and we experimentally validate our claims through extensive experiments, including four different real world datasets (Enron, Lbnl, Facebook and Nell), demonstrating its effectiveness for data mining practitioners. In particular, we are the first to analyze the very large Nell dataset using a sparse tensor decomposition, demonstrating that ParCube enables us to handle effectively and efficiently very large datasets.
Kurt Lewin and American Psychology: An Ambivalent Relationship

In some ways, Kurt Lewin had enormous influence on the development of psychology. Nevertheless, many of his fundamental ideas are poorly understood. Field theory was a radical and highly original step. Many of Lewin’s students had no training in mathematics (other than statistics), in physics, or in philosophy of science. Undoubtedly, they had not read Cassirer, or much Gestalt psychology. It was, and remains, hard to understand Field Theory.
Symmetrical Inter-Subunit Suppressors of the Bacterial Reaction Center cd-Helix Exchange Mutants

The L and M subunits of the reaction center (RC) show sequence homology and structural symmetry, yet paradoxically electron transfer is unidirectional. We have attempted to determine the structural unit of the RC responsible for the unidirectionality of electron transfer by switching homologous regions of the L and M subunits. In the past we reported the mutagenic exchange and duplication of the D helices in the RC of Rhodobacter capsulatus.1,2 The exchange of the D helices did not produce any obvious wrong-way electron transfer mutants and, therefore, differences between the two subunits in this region do not appear to be the only ones responsible for undirectionality. We have now switched the regions which include the amphipathic cd-helices, each forming a major portion of a monomeric bacteriochlorophyll binding pocket and having several residues in the vicinity of the special pair of bacteriochlorophylls (P).3,4
Latent profiling university students’ learning strategies use and effects on academic performance and retention

Students’ learning strategies predict and explain academic performance and success in university. This study employed Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to identify students’ unique patterns of learning...
Bone Marrow Failure

Bone marrow failure syndromes, presenting with cytopenias involving one to three lines, are caused by a variety of causes, including aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and various inherited bone marrow failure disorders. Pregnancy in persons with bone marrow failure is rare, so clinical care is based on limited observational data. Preterm delivery appears to be a major obstetric risk. Anesthetic considerations include avoidance of neuraxial anesthesia in moderate to severe thrombocytopenia or neutropenia and preparation for increased bleeding during the peripartum period.
Downgrading of Grade Group After Radical Prostatectomy: Comparison of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Fusion Biopsy and Standard 12-Core Biopsy.

Abstract Objective To analyze the factors associated with Grade group (GG) downgrading post-radical prostatectomy. Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 536 patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy from February 2014 to October 2015. We have analyzed the clinical, radiological, and pathologic factors associated with GG downgrading in final pathology. Downgrading was defined as those patients who downgraded from GG 3, 4, or 5 on biopsy to GG 1 or 2 on final pathology as well as patients who downgraded from GG 2 on biopsy to GG 1 on final pathology. Categorical values were compared with chi-square and Fischer's exact tests. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis were used for analysis of independent variables associated with GG downgrading. Results Ninety-three patients underwent fusion biopsy (FB) and 443 underwent the standard 12 core biopsy. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar between the 2 groups except for race (P = .009). Downgrading was observed in 76 patients (14.1%). Rate of downgrading was higher in the FB group (n = 22, 23.7% vs n = 54, 12.2%, P = .008). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, FB (OR:2.39, P = .004) and maximum percentage of core involvement (OR:1.01, P = .013) were associated with downgrading after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. After 1:2 propensity score matching, FB was still associated with an increased rate of downgrading (P = .034). Downgrading had no significant effect on pathologic outcome. Conclusion FB and maximum percentage of core involvement are the only factors associated with GG downgrading in final pathology. However, downgrading did not influence surgical outcome.
Multibody analysis saves money by eliminating engine noise in concept phase

Engineers in the General Motors Powertrain Group used multibody analysis to eliminate noise and vibration in the concept design phase of a new engine, saving considerable engineering and prototyping costs.
End-to-end deep learning based trading platform and its evaluation

Recent advance of deep recurrent neural network has brought significant improvements for time series prediction of financial market data. In this paper we present the design, implementation and evaluation of an end-to-end deep learning based trading platform that is able to effectively evaluate quantitative models and perform back-testing, paper trading and real trading using real-time market data streams. This trading system contains all the core components including data collection, model training, model selection, strategy execution, order/risk management and system status monitoring along with a central database. The platform is designed to enable automated learning and tuning capabilities for both prediction model and trading strategy in a rapidly changing market environment. We design our deep learning model based on Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and perform live paper trading to evaluate the performance and reliability of our approach. Paper trading of several futures contracts on our trading platform achieves promising returns for a one-year time span.
A Benchtop Method for Appending Protic Functional Groups to N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Protected Gold Nanoparticles

The remarkable resilience of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) gold bonds has quickly made NHCs the ligand of choice when functionalizing gold surfaces. Despite rapid progress using deposition from free or CO2 -protected NHCs, synthetic challenges hinder the functionalization of NHC surfaces with protic functional groups, such as alcohols and amines, particularly on larger nanoparticles. Here, we synthesize NHC-functionalized gold surfaces from gold(I) NHC complexes and aqueous nanoparticles without the need for additional reagents, enabling otherwise difficult functional groups to be appended to the carbene. The resilience of the NHC-Au bond allows for multi-step post-synthetic modification. Beginning with the nitro-NHC, we form an amine-NHC terminated surface, which further undergoes amide coupling with carboxylic acids. The simplicity of this approach, its compatibility with aqueous nanoparticle solutions, and its ability to yield protic functionality, greatly expands the potential of NHC-functionalized noble metal surfaces.
On Stubbornness and Cognitive Stability in Rhetoric Systems

This phenomenon of stubbornness—refusing to reconsider one’s belief or point of view in spite of contrary evidence—is a useful illustration of the way that in any situation, there are multiple ways to view the “facts” of an issue. As this paper argues, a study of rhetoric reveals that this phenomenon is a result of the existence of radically different but coexisting logical structures and value systems, which often clash when individuals interact. This point leads to a central claim of this paper: that these divergent structures of argument are actually divergent rhetoric systems that profoundly impact our cognition about the world. Specifically, a rhetoric system is a set of interconnected rhetorical elements (beliefs, arguments, commonplaces [loci communes], meanings, and texts) that cohere into a self-organized system. The borders of this system are stabilized such that, to a person caught up in a particular rhetoric system, (1) his or her cognition pertaining to specific events, texts, and words will seem static, (2) the total holistic understanding of those static meanings will be internally coherent, and (3) the system will be constrained by the other rhetorical, social, biological, and physical systems with which it is in relation. In this sense, a rhetoric system is a “body” that is thoroughly “about” its contexts, and that helps shape cognitive processes. To illustrate these points, the paper examines a particular belief that seems strongly resistant to change: the belief that the “founders” of the United States were devout Christians. As the paper argues, what are often considered stubborn beliefs, rather than exclusive features of an ideology or political party, are actually an integral and complex part of the way all cognition (and knowledge) is created and sustained in a rhetoric system.
Association of COVID-19 With Race and Socioeconomic Factors in Family Medicine.

INTRODUCTION: Recent data demonstrated that socioeconomic, environmental, demographic, and health factors can contribute to vulnerability for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). The goal of this study was to assess association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) infection and demographic and socioeconomic factors in patients from a large academic family medicine practice to support practice operations. METHODS: Patients referred for SARS CoV-2 testing by practice providers were identified using shared patient lists in the electronic health records (Epic). The Health Information Exchange (CRISP) was used to identify additional practice-attributed patients receiving testing elsewhere. RESULTS: Compared with white non-Hispanic patients, the odds of COVID-19 detection were higher in black non-Hispanic (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.18-2.59, P = .0052) and Hispanic patients (OR = 5.40; 95% CI, 3.11-9.38, P < .0001). The latent class analysis revealed additional patterns in health disparities. Patients living in the areas with Area Deprivation Index 8-10 who were predominantly black had higher risk for SARS CoV-2 infection compared with patients living in less socioeconomically deprived areas who were predominantly white (OR = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.25-2.28; P = .0007). CONCLUSION: Our data provide insight into the association of COVID-19 with race/ethnic minority patients residing in highly socioeconomically deprived areas. These data could impact outreach and management of ambulatory COVID-19 in the future.
Dual fluorescence guidance improves extent of brain tumor removal surgery

LS301 is a promising NIR fluorescence probe for targeting brain glioma cancer. The co-localization of LS31 and 5-ALA induced PpIX in vitro and in vivo enables LS301 to guide PpIX fluorescence image surgery. Moreover, LS301 showed no negative impact on 5-ALA-PpIX PDT outcome in brain glioma cells and mouse tumor model. Therefore, the implementation of LS301 and PpIX has potential to improve tumor resection surgery and PDT treatment for better tumor outcomes.
Price Efficiency and Noise Trading: Evidence from the “Investment Dartboard” Column Natural Experiment

We test theoretical predictions of noise trading on stock price efficiency using an exogenous shock to noise trading stimulated by monthly publication of the Wall Street Journal's Investment Dartboard column. Price efficiency improves on the column’s publication date, with stronger improvements in securities more heavily held by actively managed equity mutual funds. Buy recommendations bring forth the biggest increase in small buys and medium sells, consistent with naive buying by wealth-constrained noise traders and stealth selling by informed institutions. These results support the theoretical model of Kyle, Ou-Yang and Wei (2011), in which a risk-averse delegated portfolio manager is optimally incentivized to acquire and trade on information. Our findings are robust to controls for clustering and liquidity, and to the use of 13-F ownership as a delegation proxy.
Association between Low Urban Neighborhood Greenness and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.

Objective Urban neighborhood greenness is associated with greater cardiovascular health in the general population, and with better pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Hypertension in pregnancy is a leading cause of maternal mortality and long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women. We sought to examine the association between greenness and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Study Design This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of 1,943 women who received prenatal care from December 2013 to December 2016 at a single, urban, and tertiary academic medical center in Philadelphia, PA. Greenness measure was quantified via residential tree canopy cover within circumferential buffers of 100- and 500-meter radii around participants' homes. Associations between greenness and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (defined as gestational hypertension or preeclampsia) were estimated by using multilevel logistic regression accounting for maternal sociodemographic information (race-ethnicity, insurance status, and age) medical history (diabetes, body mass index, smoking history, and parity), neighborhood deprivation index, and including 1,225 Philadelphia residents for whom key exposure and outcome data were available. Results At baseline, the participants' mean (SD) age was 27.5 (5.9) years, (range: 14–44 years). The majority of participants were non-Hispanic Black (857, 70.2%). Participants with less residential tree canopy cover were significantly more likely to have hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among participants with less than 10% compared with those with greater than 30% tree canopy cover was 2.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–4.15) within 100-meter buffer. Conclusion In our cohort, greenness was associated with lower hypertensive disorders of pregnancy odds. Our findings add to evidence that greenness may confer health benefits and warrant further investigations in identifying whether there is a causal pathway through which greenness may be protective against hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Key Points