cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of satisfaction and gender on self-evaluations of task performance

Previous research has found that the illusory correlation of job satisfaction and job performance may influence self-evaluations of performance. Specifically, people who think they are satisfied with a task may evaluate their task performance more favorably than those who think they are dissatisfied. Two experiments examined the effects of gender on this illusory correlation effect using college students. Satisfaction level was manipulated via descriptive feedback. In experiment 1, female students demonstrated the illusory correlation effect on a financial puzzle task whereas male students did not. That is, female students who were told that they were relatively dissatisfied with the task rated their performance on the task significantly lower than females who were told they were satisfied and than males in both conditions. Experiment 2, using a “planning a wedding” task, replicated the gender by satisfaction level interaction found in Experiment 1, and ruled out the explanation that the interaction effect was due to differences in attribution patterns or task sex typing. Results are discussed as possibly due to gender differences in self-confidence.
Binding of Zinc Finger Protein ZPR1 to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

ZPR1 is a zinc finger protein that binds to the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Deletion analysis demonstrated that this binding interaction is mediated by the zinc fingers of ZPR1 and subdomains X and XI of the EGFR tyrosine kinase. Treatment of mammalian cells with EGF caused decreased binding of ZPR1 to the EGFR and the accumulation of ZPR1 in the nucleus. The effect of EGF to regulate ZPR1 binding is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR. ZPR1 therefore represents a prototype for a class of molecule that binds to the EGFR and is released from the receptor after activation.
Further development of the uniqueness criteria of the steady state via the contraction mapping principle

Abstract Uniqueness criteria of the steady state in porous catalysts are derived by using the contraction mapping principle with different norms. Among the norms considered, the one involving the gradient of the steady state yields the strongest result. The criteria developed in the present study bear some resemblance to those developed by other methods
Behavioural treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity

Current state-of-the-art behavioural treatments for childhood and adolescent obesity, produce long-term weight control in up to one-third of participants. A review of the most effective treatments suggests structural and organizational components and treatment content that are most likely to be successful. These include a group format with individualized behavioural counseling; parent participation; frequent sessions; a long treatment duration; a simple and explicit diet that produces a calorie deficit; a physical activity program emphasizing choice and reinforcing reduced sedentary behaviours; making changes in the home and family environment to help reduce cues and opportunities associated with calorie intake and inactivity, and to increase cues and opportunities for physical activity; self-monitoring; goal setting and contracting; parenting skills training; skills for managing high-risk situations; and skills for maintenance and relapse prevention. Still, there are many unanswered questions about the implementation of all the components of treatment. Further research, to identify treatment approaches that promote long-term maintenance of weight control, is greatly needed.
Interactions of oxytocin and vasopressin with CRF on the rat colon

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a primary mediator of stress responses, produces changes in the gastrointestinal tract identical to those induced by stress. CRF is tenfold more potent in females than in males, but gonadectomy reverses this difference. We postulated that positive modulators of CRF, such as oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP), may act in females to potentiate effects of CRF and thus could account for the gender-related differences in colonic sensitivity to CRF and stress. Given with CRF, neither OT, peripheral AVP, nor central AVP increased colonic transit any more than CRF alone, suggesting that OT and AVP do not potentiate CRF's actions in the colon. These data indicate that endogenous OT and AVP do not directly affect colonic transit, and that OT and AVP do not account for the gender-related differences in the effects of stress and CRF on colonic transit.
Power Variability in Contemporary DRAMs

Technology scaling has led to significant variability in chip performance and power consumption. In this work, we measured and analyzed the power variability in dynamic random access memories (DRAMs). We tested 22 double date rate third generation (DDR3) dual inline memory modules (DIMMs), and found that power usage in DRAMs depends on both operation type (write, read, and idle) as well as data, with write operations consuming more than reads, and 1s in the data generally costing more power than 0s. Temperature had little effect (1-3%) across the C to 50 C range. Variations were up to 12.29% and 16.40% for idle power within a single model and for different models from the same vendor, respectively. In the scope of all tested 1 gigabyte (GB) modules, deviations were up to 21.84% in write power. Our ongoing work addresses memory management methods to leverage such power variations.
The neural induction of taste buds in the salivary ducts of the lingual gland of von Ebner

Abstract Taste buds appear in the vallate papilla when tongue grafts are combined with sensory ganglia grafts in the anterior chamber of rats' eyes. After 50 days, many of the tongue grafts (but not the ganglion grafts) developed cysts, the papilla atrophied, and fewer taste buds were found in them than at earlier postoperative times. A study was therefore undertaken to determine whether exteriorizing the tongue graft (i.e., placing it in the confines of a corneal biopsy opening with the epithelial surface of the papilla facing outward) would better preserve the morphology of long-term grafts. In isogenic adult Lewis rats, tongue grafts were exteriorized alone or with nodose ganglia and examined after 90 to 100 days. The tongue grafts were better preserved irrespective of whether they were transplanted with or without a nodose ganglion. In addition, taste buds were now found in the epithelium of the ducts of von Ebner's lingual salivary gland. These glands lie just below the vallate papilla and because their ducts empty into the base of the papilla, portions of the ducts are unavoidably contained in tongue grafts. It appeared that intrinsic nerve fibers of the eye, just like nerve fibers from ganglia, induced the formation of ductal buds since ductal buds appeared in ten of 12 tongue grafts transplanted without added ganglia. Of significance was the observation that intense cholinesterase activity was seen in intragemmal nerve fibers of ganglionic neurons whereas no such activity was seen in intragemmal fibers when they were derived from intrinsic nerve fibers of the eye. These results indicate that exteriorization of tongue grafts better preserves their structure, that epithelium in the ducts of von Ebner's gland can be transformed into taste bud cells, that intrinsic nerve fibers of the eye can induce taste bud formation, and that there are two types of sensory neurons (based on intragemmal cholinesterase activity of their nerve fibers) which can cause taste bud development.
Coupled-Wave Solution of Harmonic Generation in an Optically Active Medium

The equations governing the propagation and growth of coupled fields in a rotatory dispersive nonlinear medium are derived, making use of the method of Armstrong, Bloembergen, Ducuing, and Pershan. The results obtained for the intensity of harmonic radiation and the conditions for phase matching are compared to those obtained previously for propagation along the optic axis of crystals of point symmetry 32, and are found to be identical in the limiting case of nonattenuation of the fundamental wave. The coupled solutions for buildup of second-harmonic radiation are examined in the phase-matched case, and it is shown that the growth of circularly polarized harmonic light results from the depletion of the fundamental of opposite sense of circular polarization.
Resolution of Menstrually Related Migraine Following Aggressive Treatment for Breast Cancer

Hormonal influences associated with the female menstrual cycle play strong roles in both migraine and particular types of breast cancer, but there is limited literature on the effects of breast cancer treatment regimens in women with migraine. The present case describes resolution of menstrually related migraine following aggressive treatment for infiltrating ductal carcinoma (neoadjuvant chemotherapy, single radical mastectomy, and locoregional radiation therapy) that was maintained with supplemental treatment using tamoxifen, an anti-estrogenic agent. This novel case is presented to stimulate further research into the hormonal mechanisms underlying migraine.
Theoretical analysis of fluoroglycine conformers

Seven different optimized conformers of α-fluoroglycine (H2NCHFCOOH) were obtained from ab initio calculations. Some of these conformers are exceptionally stable compared to similar conformers of glycine. Conformers in which the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom are antiperiplanar to the CF bond are more stable than conformers that do not have such an arrangement. The stability difference between conformers with such an arrangement and conformers that have the lone pair of electrons synperiplanar to the CF bond is about 27 kJ/mol (calculated at the MP2/6-31+G* level). Conformers that have the lone pair of electrons antiperiplanar to the CF bond possess a longer CF bond, a shorter CN bond, and sp2-like amino bond angles. For some conformers an unusual hydrogen bond involving the acidic carboxylic acid hydrogen and the electronegative fluorine atom is observed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 21: 426–431, 2000
Nitric oxide and cGMP protein kinase (cGK) regulate dendritic-cell migration toward the lymph-node-directing chemokine CCL19.

Dendritic-cell (DC) migration to secondary lymphoid organs is crucial for the initiation of adaptive immune responses. Although LPS up-regulates CCR7 on DCs, a second signal is required to enable them to migrate toward the chemokine CCL19 (MIP-3β). We found that the nitric oxide (NO) donor NOR4 provides a signal allowing LPS-stimulated DCs to migrate toward CCL19. NO affects DC migration through both the initial activation of the cGMP/cGMP kinase (cGMP/cGK) pathway and a long-term effect that reduced cGK activity via negative feedback. Indeed, migration of DCs toward CCL19, unlike migration toward CXCL12 (SDF-1α), required inhibition of cGK. LPS increased both cGK expression and cGK activity as measured by phosphorylation of the key cGK target vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Because cGK phosphorylation of VASP can disrupt focal adhesions and inhibit cell migration, LPS-induced VASP phosphorylation may prevent DCs from migrating without a second signal. Long-term NOR4 treatment inhibited the increase in cGK-dependent VASP phosphorylation, releasing this brake so that DCs can migrate. NO has been implicated in the regulation of autoimmunity through its effect on T cells. Our results suggest that NO regulation of DC migration and cytokine production may contribute to the protective effects of NO in autoimmune disorders.
Differences in osteoarthritis self-management support intervention outcomes according to race and health literacy

We explored whether the effects of a telephone-based osteoarthritis (OA) self-management support intervention differed by race and health literacy. Participants included 515 veterans with hip and/or knee OA. Linear mixed models assessed differential effects of the intervention compared with health education (HE) and usual care (UC) on pain (Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales-2 [AIMS2] and Visual Analogue Scale), function (AIMS2 mobility and walking/bending), affect (AIMS2) and arthritis self-efficacy by: (i) race (white/non-white), (ii) health literacy (high/low) and (iii) race by health literacy. AIMS2 mobility improved more among non-whites than whites in the intervention compared with HE and UC (P = 0.02 and 0.008). AIMS2 pain improved more among participants with low than high literacy in the intervention compared with HE (P = 0.05). However, we found a differential effect of the intervention on AIMS2 pain compared with UC according to the combination of race and health literacy (P = 0.05); non-whites with low literacy in the intervention had the greatest improvement in pain. This telephone-based OA intervention may be particularly beneficial for patients with OA who are racial/ethnic minorities and have low health literacy. These results warrant further research designed specifically to assess whether this type of intervention can reduce OA disparities.
Chorioamnionitis and Labor

Chorioamnionitis is a puerperal infection that exists in histologic, clinical, and subclinical forms. This entity is believed to play a causative role in many cases of spontaneous preterm delivery. It also is associated with an increased risk of dysfunctional labor. This article focuses on the effects of chorioamnionitis on the progress of labor and the appropriate treatment of patients with clinical chorioamnionitis. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and associated maternal and neonatal outcomes also are reviewed.
Clinical thresholds for quadriceps assessment after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Context: Normal, symmetrical quadriceps strength is a common clinical goal after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Currently, the clinical thresholds for acceptable unilateral quadriceps function and symmetry associated with positive outcomes after return to activity are unclear. Objective: To establish quadriceps-activation and knee-extension-torque cutoffs for clinical assessment after return to activity after ACLR. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients: 22 (10 female, 12 male; age = 22.5 ± 5.0 y, height = 172.9 ± 7.1 cm, mass = 74.1 ± 15.5 kg, months since surgery = 31.5 ± 23.5) recreationally active persons with a history of unilateral, primary ACLR at least 6 months prior and 24 (12 female/12 male, age = 21.7 ± 3.6 y, height = 168.0 ± 8.8 cm, mass = 69.3 ± 13.6 kg) recreationally active healthy participants. Main Outcome Measures: Patient-reported measures of pain, knee-related function, and physical activity level were recorded for all participants. Norm...
Proximal Extremity Weakness and Altered Mental Status

History of Present Illness The patient presented initially to the emergency department (ED) 6 days prior to the current visit with the complaint of progressive weakness and swelling of both arms and upper legs. She stated that she had experienced a similar episode of weakness 1 year earlier that coincided with a “flare” of her polymyositis. Her primary care physician had recently tapered her prednisone to 5 mg/day 1 month earlier (which had previously been 40 mg/day). During this recent ED visit, notable proximal muscle weakness was noted, and she reported periodic difficulty talking because her tongue was numb. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with recurrent polymyositis, her prednisone dose was increased to 60 mg/day, and she was discharged to home. She was brought back to the ED by her family (this visit) with similar symptoms and altered mental status and was hospitalized.
Flip-MAC: A density-adaptive contention-reduction protocol for efficient any-to-one communication

As Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) deployments increase in density, we foresee a need to divide the problem of Medium Access Control into two steps: the first quickly reduces the level of contention from hundreds of nodes to a handful, while the second relies on existing techniques to select a single node for communication. In this paper, we propose the Flip-MAC mechanism, which takes advantage of non-destructive interference from multiple transmitters to reduce contention to manageable levels in logarithmic time with respect to the initial contention level. We present a description of this protocol and its intended usage, a theoretical description of its operation, simulation results, and an evaluation based on a testbed deployment with actual mote hardware.
Appendicitis in children

Abstract Among children presenting to hospital with abdominal pain, acute appendicitis is common. The history is short in the majority. Where the diagnosis is in doubt, active observation and judicious investigation are appropriate. For confirmed cases and children in whom appendicitis is strongly suspected, surgery is the standard treatment though the child with an appendix mass can initially be managed conservatively. Adequate resuscitation and broad-spectrum antibiotics are important pre-operatively to ensure successful outcomes. Appendicectomy can be carried out open or laparoscopically. Laparoscopic appendicectomy is becoming the intervention of choice where facilities and expertise are available. Operating late at night and in the early hours of the morning is not recommended. Complications of the disease include rupture with localized or generalized peritonitis. Surgical and post-operative complications include injury to the bowel or the ureter which are both uncommon, but abscess formation is frequently seen. While acute appendicitis remains a cause of morbidity and occasionally mortality, with timely presentation the majority of children have a good outcome.
Multi-Channel Opportunistic Access Based on Primary ARQ Messages Overhearing

We consider an opportunistic channel access problem over multiple primary bands. We exploit primary ACK/NAK packets overhearing to overlay secondary communications on top of permanently busy primary channels. Through the theory of multi-armed restless bandit processes (MARB), we prove optimality of the myopic policy with a simple structure that does not require channel state-transition probabilities knowledge at the secondary users under certain conditions.
Radial Porosity in Packed Beds of Spheres

Abstract A functional approach has been developed to investigate the radial porosity of mono-sized spheres in cylinders. Analytical and semi-analytical equations have been developed to calculate the local radial porosity and the radial porosity distribution, respectively, within a cylindrical packing structure. The analytical equations are based upon fundamental principles and are simple, straightforward and provide highly accurate results for the radial porosity with minimal computational prerequisites. The analytical equations have been developed for the fixed packing of identical spheres in cylindrical containers with D/d ≥ 2.0. The predicted results for the local radial porosity and the radial porosity distributions are benchmarked with an existing analytical equation and available experimental data, respectively, for mono-sized spheres in cylindrical containers.
The Role of IL‐10 in Genetic Susceptibility to Coccidioidomycosis on Mice

Epidemiological and clinical studies have confirmed that coccidioidomycosis is more severe in African American and Filipino patients than in Caucasians, suggesting a genetic basis for susceptibility in humans. We discovered that inbred strains of mice also vary greatly in their susceptibility to Coccidioides immitis infections, and although resistance is the dominant phenotype, it is a multigenic trait in mice. We found a strong direct correlation between susceptibility in mice and the amount of IL-10 made in response to infection. We then showed that IL-10-deficient mice are much more resistant to infection than the parent C57BL/6 strain. Finally, we showed that genetically resistant mice that are transgenic for IL-10 and so overproduce that cytokine are more susceptible to C. immitis. This is in part due to suppression of NOS2 expression by IL-10.
Relative Spatial Concentration among Minorities: Addressing Errors in Measurement

This article identifies several mathematical and conceptual problems with Massey and Dentons [1998] Relative Concentration index (RCO). Massey and Denton proposed this index to measure the spatial concentration of minority groups a dimension of segregation they identify as relevant to their `hypersegregation hypothesis. This index has also influenced segregation research and has been replicated in U.S. Census Bureau analyses by Harrison and Weinberg (1992). A reply by Douglas S. Massey and Nancy A. Denton is included (pp. 1123-33). (EXCERPT)
pH-Dependent Stimulation of Peptidylglycine α-Amidating Monooxygenase Activity by a Granule-Associated Factor*

Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM; EC 1.14.17.3) is a granule-associated enzyme that catalyzes the production of alpha-amidated peptides from their glycine-extended precursors, a posttranslational modification often required for full biological activity. PAM activity in crude homogenates of bovine neurointermediate pituitary has an acidic pH optimum for the peptide substrate alpha-N-Ac-Tyr-Val-Gly. During purification, the pH optimum shifts, so that purified bovine (b)PAM exhibits an alkaline pH optimum for this substrate with virtually no activity below pH 6.5. A factor that restores the ability of purified bPAM to produce alpha-amidated products at pH 6 was identified. In rat anterior pituitary this factor (denoted SPAM for stimulator of PAM activity) was a soluble protein with a mol wt of 44 K by gel filtration; its stimulatory activity could be reduced or eliminated by trypsin digestion or boiling. SPAM stimulated PAM activity at acidic pH by increasing the apparent Vmax and decreasing the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for the peptide substrate. Like PAM, SPAM activity is localized to the secretory granule. Levels of SPAM activity in various rat tissues correlated closely with levels of PAM activity, with the greatest amount of SPAM activity in atrium, anterior pituitary, and neurointermediate pituitary. The distribution of PAM and SPAM between soluble and membrane fractions also correlated closely. In AtT-20 cell lines transfected with a complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding the full-length bPAM precursor, both SPAM and PAM activities were increased compared to wild type cells; both activities were decreased in a cell line expressing an antisense rat (r)PAM mRNA. In marked contrast, an AtT-20 cell line transfected with a cDNA encoding a truncated, soluble form of bPAM had elevated levels of PAM activity, but levels of SPAM activity were not increased compared to wild-type cells. These results suggest that SPAM activity is closely linked to the expression of full-length PAM. The interaction of PAM and SPAM may represent a site for regulation of the synthesis of bioactive peptides, particularly at low intragranular pH.
Deterrence: Then and now

In the course of the past half-century, deterrence has developed as a strategy and a theory. Judging from the degree of resistance and hostility that critiques of it encountered, deterrence also as...
Pliny the Elder on the making of papyrus paper

Pliny the Elder in Natural History, xiii, 74–82, described in detail specifications for the manufacturing of papyrus. However, there was a spurious omission pertaining to the height (the term length was also used by some authors) of the manufactured sheet in sentence 78. Johnson has listed the different theories explaining this as an oversight or that a standard height-to-width ratio existed, thus making the specification of the height redundant. The latter is not substantiated by the measurement of the dimensions of extant papyrus rolls. Johnson proposed a more rational theory, that it was most important to specify the width but this does not explain the absence of any specification of height, even as a measurement of secondary importance.
The Value of Stress-Management Interventions in Life-Threatening Medical Conditions:

Emotional stress has been associated with the development and progression of several chronic medical conditions. Recently, researchers have assessed the impact of stress-management interventions on patients' psychological functioning, quality of life, and various disease outcomes, including survival. This review summarizes the value of stress-management techniques in the treatment of two important, life-threatening conditions: coronary heart disease and cancer. Results from randomized clinical trials indicate that psychological interventions can improve patients' psychological functioning and quality of life. However, there is limited evidence to suggest that these interventions significantly reduce morbidity and mortality.
Aggregate rationality in adjudication and legislation

Analyses of complex entities such as bureaucracies, courts, legislatures, and firms typically personify them. A strong conception of personification requires that these entities have rational interests, rational (factual) beliefs, and rational normative judgments. On one account of personification, such personified rationality should be aggregate rationality: the interests, beliefs, and normative judgments should depend only on the interests, beliefs, and judgments of the individuals who constitute the complex entity. I argue that aggregate rationality is too strong a normative requirement to impose on courts and legislatures.
Morse Theory of the Complex Link

This chapter contains the estimates on the connectivity of the Morse data which are necessary for the proofs of the main applications. Since the Morse data is the product of the tangential Morse data with the normal Morse data, this requires estimates on both. The estimates on tangential Morse data are made in terms of the remarkable properties of the Levi form of the Morse function (see the appendix, Sect. 4.A). The normal Morse data is analyzed (inductively) by applying the entire apparatus of Morse theory to the complex link, which is a complex analytic space of smaller dimension.
The 2kF and 4kF instabilities revisited

Abstract The phase angles of the 2 k F bond and charge density waves in a one-dimensional quarter-filled band change as electron correlation is turned on. This switching of the phase angle is critical for understanding the bond and charge distortion patterns in the real materials.
Separation of Short Time Series of Currents into “Fluctuations,” “Tides,” and “Mean” Flow

AbstractWith standard low-frequency velocity data from current meter moorings, pressure gradient–driven mean flow is determined by low-pass filtering, while tides are estimated by fitting tidal constituents, with accuracy and numbers of constituents determined by record length. With the advent of higher-frequency measurements from cabled coastal ocean observatories, current data also include supertidal variability (fluctuation) associated with a variety of turbulent and internal wave processes. To examine the relationships of such fluctuations to variability of the tides and/or potentially time-variable mean flows within which they are embedded, it is highly desirable to find a method whereby these flow components can be separated over relatively short periods of intensified event-scale forcing. A method is presented that first isolates “fluctuations” and then separates the remaining longer time-scale variability into “tides” and a remaining “mean,” without recourse to extraction of a fitted tide with the...
Role of Localized Network Damage in Block Copolymer Toughened Epoxies

The underlying mechanisms responsible for the toughening of block copolymer modified thermoset epoxies are not completely understood. A current theory targets cavitation of the rubbery cores in dispersed micelles as the key event that triggers shear yielding, resulting in enhanced toughness. To evaluate this hypothesis, we prepared spherical micelle forming block copolymers with rubbery cores (prone to cavitation) and glassy cores (unable to cavitate). Surprisingly, both systems enhance fracture toughness, although the rubbery core micelles outperform the glassy core counterparts. This finding challenges previous deductions regarding the toughening mechanism. We propose that the mechanical integrity of the region immediately surrounding the micelle core is compromised by the presence of the corona blocks, facilitating local deformation of the matrix. We speculate that the compliant nature of the rubber amplifies this effect.
Ilyanassa obsoleta (Gastropoda) as a host for trematodes in Delaware estuaries.

Extensive data characterizing larval trematode communities in marine gastropods do not exist for many systems. The purpose here is to report on the infections encountered in Delaware Ilyanassa obsoleta and to compare this trematode community with certain others that have been well studied. Over 15 yr, 11,774 1. obsoleta from 9 different estuarine habitats were examined. Trematode parasitism, sex, and size were determined for each snail. In the total collection, 9 trematode species were encountered; 51.04% of snails were infected with 1 or more species. The sexes were equally susceptible to being parasitized. Smaller snails were less likely to be infected than larger ones. Juvenile snails can be infected, but few have been colonized because of the short time they have been exposed to infective stages. Other studies of trematodes in this snail have revealed few multispecies infections. In contrast, they were strikingly common in this study (12.57% of all snails). Himasthla quissetensis seldom infects the same snail with Lepocreadium setiferoides or Austrobilharzia variglandis, but other species combinations can coexist. The important element in this trematode community seems to be time. The observed frequencies of different infracommunities (single and multispecies combinations) in samples of snails are considered to result from a variety of causes. These include commonness of the trematode species in the system, where and how the sample was collected, definitive host behavior, the low probability of a snail becoming infected, the long life of the snail and its infections, the vagility of the snail, and the incompatibility of certain species in terms of infecting the same snail.
Life and Legacy

Coase lobbed the first ball into the court. The neoclassical model assumes markets work without friction, much as the theory of gases assumes that molecules can move freely within a container. In fact, it was economists bent on creating a social science with the same mathematical foundation as that found in physics which gave rise to the perfect and atomistic neoclassical ideal of the competitive market in the first place. It should come as no surprise that frictionless markets formed the foundation of a market-oriented economics. It might be surprising, though, to imagine it took so long for the economics and finance profession to realize and acknowledge the legacy of such an oversimplification.
Teaching Students in the Writing Ability to Innovate

Improving Student Writing innovation,we should guide the students to read,and tap a source of innovation;Second,we should guide observed,looking for the path of innovation;third is to guide the writing and inspire a sense of innovation;four is to guide change,cultivating innovative thinking.
Structural segmentation with the Variable Markov Oracle and boundary adjustment

For the music structure segmentation task, one wants to solve two co-existing but sometimes contradicting problems; find global repetitive/homogenous structures and locate accurate local change points. In this paper we propose two algorithms to address these two problems. The algorithms can independently or jointly be plugged into various existing structural segmentation algorithms to improve their results. One algorithm utilizes the Variable Markov Oracle, a suffix automaton for multi-variate time series capable of finding repeating segments, is proposed to obtain a self-similarity matrix which encodes the global repetitive structure of a music piece. The other proposed algorithm is an iterative boundary adjustment algorithm refining boundary locations. The algorithms are evaluated against the Beatles-ISO dataset and achieve comparable performance to state-of-the-art.
Mercury exposure of a wetland songbird, Agelaius phoeniceus , in the New York metropolitan area and its effect on nestling growth rate

The potential for mercury accumulation in free-living passerine birds is now recognized to be much greater than previously assumed. However, lowest observable effect levels have yet to be well established for this taxonomic group and it is usually unknown whether levels observed in the wild are causing adverse effects. We measured total blood mercury (THg) levels and took repeated morphological measurements from nestling red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus; N = 39) in the New York metropolitan area to investigate whether mercury affected their growth rate. We also compared THg levels of nestlings (and parents; N = 14) between our two study sites, which included riparian habitats along a city river and surrounding ponds in a nearby suburb, to examine differences between birds within and beyond the urban core. THg levels ranged 0.009–0.284 ppm in nestlings and 0.036–0.746 ppm in adults. Adults and nestlings had significantly higher THg outside of the city than within, possibly due to the ability of rivers to flush contaminants and the higher methylation potential of ponds. Among our candidate sets, models containing THg had minimal support for explaining variation in nestling growth rate. Summed Akaike weights further showed that THg had little relative importance. Mercury pollution in our sites may be low, or feather growth may have been sufficient to protect nestlings from accumulating harmful mercury levels in living tissues.
Plain Things and Names

A plain old thing: a ponytail-holder or a little boy’s hat; a shoe; a sweater with a ribbon that must have been red or pink at a time.1 Rounded stones with names on them, thousands of them, surrounding a sculpture: these are examples from two of the memory initiatives that have impacted Peruvians in recent years. Both appeal to the viewers’ emotional reactions: reading those names, one after the other, or paying attention to the photograph of an isolated everyday object, such as a sweater or a ponytail-holder, suddenly gives these viewers an understanding of the loss caused by the violence of the Peruvian armed conflict.
How does student motivation affect different teaching styles and student engagement in physical education

Understanding how students learn in physical education is critical to developing innovative curricula and effective teaching strategies. Many models (e.g., process-product, student mediation, class...
How students use their libraries: A case study of four academic libraries

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to explore the similarities and differences in student behavior in or uses of four academic libraries in the greater New York City area. Using on-site observations and semistructured interviews, the authors collected data about resources and tools used by students as well as their academic and nonacademic activities and contributing factors. Across all four libraries, the study identified that students were actively engaged in academic pursuits utilizing multiple library resources while working with print and digital tools. Students were also observed resting, eating, and engaging in other nonacademic activities. The variations in student behaviors across the four libraries can be explained by contextual variables that influence students' behavior in a library, including student demographics, academic requirements, work habits, and disciplinary affiliations.
Risk factors predicted death after upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Source Citation Rockall TA, Logan RF, Devlin HB, Northfield TC, and the steering committee and members of the National Audit of Acute Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage. Risk assessment after acute upper...
Association between Serum Folate and Insulin Resistance among U.S. Nondiabetic Adults

Recent studies have suggested that epigenetic alterations, particularly DNA methylation, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Folate is a key source of the one-carbon group for DNA methylation, whereas the association and mechanistic linkage between folate status and insulin resistance remains unclear with very limited experimental support. We performed a cross-sectional study of 1530 nondiabetic adults in the 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We examined associations between serum folate and insulin resistance using multiple linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. We detected a significant inverse relationship for serum folate, where a 25% increase in serum folate was associated with a 3.06% (95% CI, −4.72, −1.37) and 2.77% (95% CI, −4.36, −1.77) decline in HOMA-IR and insulin respectively, and a 2.55% (95% CI, 0.93, 4.21) increase in G/I ratio. Our findings demonstrate that serum folate was inversely associated with insulin resistance in U.S. nondiabetic adults.
Individual surgeon practice is the most important factor influencing diverting loop ileostomy creation for patients undergoing sigmoid colectomy for diverticulitis.

Abstract Background To identify factors associated with diverting ileostomy creation (DLI) in patients undergoing sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease in a high volume colorectal unit and to obtain information for better preoperative patient counseling. Methods Patients who underwent sigmoid colectomy with colorectal anastomosis with or without DLI for diverticulitis between 01/1994-12/2014 were identified. Preoperative characteristics, surgeon practice year, individual surgeon and postoperative outcomes were compared between patients with DLI or not. Results 1320 patients were identified and DLI was created in 204 (15.4%) patients. DLI creation was associated with older age (p Conclusion Individual surgeon's practice affects the rate of diverting ileostomy creation in patients undergoing sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease.
Enhancing Recovery From Sepsis: A Review

Importance Survival from sepsis has improved in recent years, resulting in an increasing number of patients who have survived sepsis treatment. Current sepsis guidelines do not provide guidance on posthospital care or recovery. Observations Each year, more than 19 million individuals develop sepsis, defined as a life-threatening acute organ dysfunction secondary to infection. Approximately 14 million survive to hospital discharge and their prognosis varies. Half of patients recover, one-third die during the following year, and one-sixth have severe persistent impairments. Impairments include development of an average of 1 to 2 new functional limitations (eg, inability to bathe or dress independently), a 3-fold increase in prevalence of moderate to severe cognitive impairment (from 6.1% before hospitalization to 16.7% after hospitalization), and a high prevalence of mental health problems, including anxiety (32% of patients who survive), depression (29%), or posttraumatic stress disorder (44%). About 40% of patients are rehospitalized within 90 days of discharge, often for conditions that are potentially treatable in the outpatient setting, such as infection (11.9%) and exacerbation of heart failure (5.5%). Compared with patients hospitalized for other diagnoses, those who survive sepsis (11.9%) are at increased risk of recurrent infection than matched patients (8.0%) matched patients ( P P P Conclusions and Relevance In the months after hospital discharge for sepsis, management should focus on (1) identifying new physical, mental, and cognitive problems and referring for appropriate treatment, (2) reviewing and adjusting long-term medications, and (3) evaluating for treatable conditions that commonly result in hospitalization, such as infection, heart failure, renal failure, and aspiration. For patients with poor or declining health prior to sepsis who experience further deterioration after sepsis, it may be appropriate to focus on palliation of symptoms.
How Do We Approach Benign Proliferative Lesions

The aim of this review is to summarize recently published literature addressing atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), lobular neoplasia (atypical lobular hyperplasia [ALH] and classic lobular carcinoma in situ [C-LCIS]), non-classic lobular carcinoma in situ (NC-LCIS), papillary lesions, and flat epithelial atypia (FEA). While ADH, ALN, and C-LCIS are well-established markers of an increased risk of future breast cancers, the risk implications are less clear for papillary lesions and FEA. NC-LCIS is the least well-characterized lesion, with scant published literature on its natural history and surgical management when encountered on needle biopsy. Recent data suggest that lobular neoplasia on core biopsy of a BI-RADS ≤ 4 concordant lesion does not require an excision, while ADH, atypical papillomas, and NC-LCIS should be excised. Evidence on FEA and papillomas without atypia suggests a low risk of upgrade on excision, and prospective studies on the upgrade of these lesions are ongoing.
Impact of Micro- and Macroscopically Positive Surgical Margins on Survival after Resection of Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Purpose Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive cancer; complete surgical resection offers the best chance for long-term survival. The impact of surgical margin status on survival is poorly understood. Our objective was to determine the association of margin status with survival.
The Perils of Multiplex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panels: Pseudo-outbreaks of Salmonellae and Entamoeba histolytica in Immunocompromised Hosts

Two distinct clusters of gastroenteritis due to Salmonellae and Entamoeba histolytica (EH) were identified using a multiplex gastrointestinal pathogen panel (GPP) at a tertiary-care cancer center. Despite temporo-spatial overlap, our investigation did not corroborate transmission or true infection. In clinical practice, GPPs may render false-positive results.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;867-870.
Distributed intervention: networked content moderation in anonymous mobile spaces

Given recent public focus on the use of digital tools to engage in discrimination and harassment, online platforms have come under increasing scrutiny to address online incivility. Many of these ef...
Quantitation of Corneal Vascularization

Numerous methods have been used to quantitate corneal angiogenesis but almost all lack sufficient precision to provide reliable data suitable for biostatistical analysis. Many investigators of corneal neovascularization have only indicated whether a particular injury or intracorneal inoculation did or did not induce angiogenesis. In some studies the incidence of an angiogenic response has been used as an indication of the angiogenicity. Because it has become abundantly clear that the frequency and degree of corneal neovascularization varies in different situations the extent of induced corneal vascularization must be quantitated for meaningful comparisons between different experimental groups and their appropriate controls. To achieve this end some authors have graded the degree of corneal vascularization subjectively (61,174,266). Such methods have included the measuring of the vascular ingrowth from the corneoscleral limbus with a caliper and grading the extent of the vascularization subjectively (266); others have based the grading system on the number and length of the vascular loops (174) or on the distance that the blood vessels extended towards a burn from the corneoscleral limbus (494). Surprisingly, many authors have either not described their grading system or have simply illustrated representative photographs. A commonly used non-objective scoring of corneal vascularization on a 1+ to 4+ basis is insensitive and difficult to standardize. Efforts have also been made to grade angiogenesis according to the density of vascular growth (385).
A Kinetic Inductance Ammeter with Coplanar Waveguide Input Structure for Magnetic Flux Focusing

We propose a multiplexible kinetic inductance ammeter, which uses a high-quality-factor, superconducting, lumped-element, kinetic inductance resonator as a current sensor, a short, superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) for current input, and a CPW transmission line for the sensor readout. The resonator consists of an interdigitated capacitor and a superconducting loop that inductively couples to the input CPW. Current running through the central line of the input CPW generates magnetic fields which are focused into the gaps of the input CPW. These magnetic fields can be measured collectively as the magnetic flux through the superconducting loop. The kinetic inductance of the superconducting loop depends on the screening current for the magnetic flux, so the input current is converted to a change in the frequency of the resonator. We analyze the response and noise of a kinetic inductance ammeter with a high-resistivity NbN loop.
Chapter 20 Price Signaling and “Cheap Talk” in Laboratory Posted Offer Markets

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on identifying the marginal impact of price signaling, holding all other environmental and institutional factors constant. Although price signaling often increases transaction prices, this increase is very often temporary. Equilibrium behavior may be unaffected by non-binding price signaling in many environments. Price increases due to price signaling are more likely when sellers compete in multiple markets. Conspiracies are more successful when a subset of sellers forego short term gains by repeatedly offering supercompetitive prices. The market impact of price signaling depends on the signaling language available to sellers. Very restrictive language (e.g., one price proposal by one seller per period) does not have a lasting impact on prices. By contrast, multiple-round structured signaling – in which many sellers per period can propose price changes with specific responses required of other sellers – can generate persistently higher prices compared to free form price signaling.
Studies on the metabolism of adenosine and adenine in stored and fresh human erythrocytes.

tory have demonstrated that adenine is an effective precursor of the ATP of the human erythrocyte and that hypoxanthine, guanine, and xanthine lead to tile formation of GTP.’ Tile aglycones of the purine nucleosides, inosine and guanosine, serve as precursors of GTP after being formed by phosphorylytic cleavage of the rihosyh compounds by the purine nt,cleoside phosphorylase of the erythrocyte.’ The failure of hypoxanthine and inosine to serve as precursors of the ATP in tile human erytilrocyte, although they are efficiently utilized for IMP formation, has served to demonstrate a difference in a metabolic capacity of rabbit andhuman erythrocytes.� This difference has been localized as a failure of the human cell to convert inosine 5’-phosphate to AMP.’ Tile metabolism of adenosine has also been investigated and its extensive conversion to has been demonstrated, a metabolic fate that is compatible with tile known rapid rate of deamination of adenosine to inosine in the human erythrocyte.”3 Several reports have indicated that the presence of adenosine in blood
Long-Term Changes in Precipitation and Temperature Have Already Impacted Nitrogen Loading.

Increases in nitrogen loading over the past several decades have led to widespread water quality impairments across the U.S. Elevated awareness of the influence of climate variability on nitrogen l...