cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlates of Student Performance during Low Stakes Simulation.

Abstract Background Simulation plays a vital role in nursing education, however, modifiable factors influencing students' simulation performance have not been sufficiently examined. The purpose of this study was examine relationships among anxiety, self-efficacy, nursing knowledge, and performance during simulation. Methods The study used a mixed-methods design. Anxiety, self-efficacy, academic achievement, and performance during simulation were measured quantitatively; correlations between key variables were calculated. Qualitative data were collected during post-simulation debriefing and triangulated to inform quantitative findings. Results Significant relationships were identified between knowledge of nursing care and simulation performance. Student qualitative reports of heightened anxiety and lack of confidence and uncertainty contrasted from quantitative measures. Potential reasons for this finding were explored. Conclusions The relationship between knowledge of nursing care and simulation performance supports the effectiveness of simulation as a means to evaluate the application of knowledge in a clinical laboratory setting. Further research is needed to explain the complex relationships between anxiety, self-efficacy, and performance during simulation.
Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the procedure of choice in the management of thyroid nodules in an appropriate clinical setting. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) has been widely used while evaluating thyroid FNA specimens and communicating the findings with the clinicians who treat patients. This chapter includes 90 images demonstrating key cytologic features of common and uncommon thyroid entities outlined in TBSRTC. The role of ancillary studies as an adjunct to FNA cytology is discussed.
Development of Conductive Chains in RuO2-Glass Trick Film Resistors

Thick film resistors can satisfy certain design functions (e.g. high sheet resistance, power dissipation, and high voltage requirements) that are difficult or impossible to achieve with silicon monolithic integrated circuits. They are fabricated by: 1) preparing a formulation consisting of a glass frit and an electrically conducting oxide powder dispersed in an organic screening agent; 2) printing the formulation on to a ceramic substrate; and 3) firing in a tunnel kiln with the proper time-temperature profile to remove the organic constituents, fuse the glass frit and bond the resistor to the substrate. The system considered in this study was a leadborosilicate (63% Pb0-25% B2O3-12% Si02) glass frit, ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) conductive, ethyl cellulose in butyl carbitol screening agent, and 96% Al2O3 substrate.
Research In Statistical Tolerancing: Examples of Intrinsic Non-normalities, and their effects

This paper summarizes the results of exploratory studies of the statistics of actual values (minimal enclosing zones) of essentially two-dimensional geometric position, circularity. and runout tolerances. Data for the studies were collected via CMM measurements of IOO-sample lots of commercial washers and automotive valve seats. Phenomenological models were devised to predict the measured statistics, and agree reasonably well with the experimental data.
Experimental Investigations on the Interaction between Plasmas and Catalyst for Plasma Catalytic Methane Conversion (PCMC) over Zeolites

ABSTRACT In this study, temperature programmed CO2 desorption, a two-step plasma catalytic methane conversion (PCMC), and temperature programmed oxidation of carbonaceous species were carried out to investigate the interactions between the plasma and heterogeneous catalysts. The experiments demonstrated that NaOH treated Y, NaY and NaX zeolites, which have significant basicity, stabilize sustained streamer corona discharges at low temperatures leading to better and longer lived PCMC. The experiments also confirmed that the basicity, polarity and reactivity of zeolites may be increased by the plasma leading to improved behavior for PCMC. TPO of carbonaceous deposits show that NaX, NaY, NaA and 5A zeolites generate less coke and it is oxidized below about 650 K, while NaZSM-5 generates significantly more coke which oxidizes at higher temperature. This more refractory coke appears to destabilize the plasma leading to arcing and poorer PCMC performance. A two-step PCMC in which methane is adsorbed without plasma and then the plasma is generated with co-reactants but without methane in the gas phase showed that active plasma species interacting with the catalyst surface are necessary for the selective production of higher hydrocarbons.
What Works for Whom

The findings of the study as presented in this work have been summarized from the the PhD thesis on which this work is based for the purpose of increasing its readability. However, all key tables are included so that interested readers might make their own examination of the data should more detail be desired.
Questions 91–100

This chapter illustrates a variety of different scenarios of rheumatic disease in succinct question and answer format. It contains ten complex cases with potentially unusual diagnoses designed to stimulate thought and further reading in this rapidly evolving specialty.
Interharmonic Detection Based on Iterative Spectrum Estimation and SVM

The interharmonic problem is a new focus in the research field of power quality. It is not an integer multiple of fundamental and usually with small amplitude. In terms of these identities, a new method of interharmoic detection based on iterative spectrum estimation method with variable frequency resolution combined with support vector machine (SVM) is presented in this paper. Compared with transitional FFT, higher frequency resolution can be obtained by the proposed approach during the same sampling time. Moreover the iterative method has no problems with spectral leakage, so the frequencies detected don't need to be modified in the asynchronous sampling case. Combined with the above method, amplitudes and phases of interharmonics can be estimated with SVM method in a shorter calculating time after frequency precalculating accurately. The simulation with Matlab validates the approach proposed.
In This Square Room

falling on the anarchic trees. A car or two is stitching its mechanical progress up the hill. The wheels sound like zippers being opened. Athens I hear has put up a papier mach? figure of a discus thrower in Syntagma Square assembled slowly from the ground floor up? the thighs, the crotch a flying penis pointing toward American Express and there it stayed three days exciting tourists to photography Greek women to their private jokes and men to say it's time they put a prick on a pedestal in Constitution Square three days and then the project was complete the head the torso and the disc
An innovative fault impact analysis framework for enhancing building operations

Abstract The primary objective of this paper is to rank building faults based on their impacts on the building energy penalty and occupant thermal comfort penalty considering multiple faults and fault occurrence rates. A fault impact analysis framework is created by incorporating the fault model library with the whole building energy performance simulation (e.g., EnergyPlus used in this study). The fault occurrence rate is introduced as a “meta” parameter in the simulation. This framework involves three essential aspects of conducting a fault impact analysis: fault constructing, fault simulation, and fault impact analysis. A parametric sensitivity analysis was used to determine and rank the criticality of the faults considering the fault concurrence frequency, by using the deep-learning based response surface model (i.e., the multi-layer perceptron regression). The proposed fault analysis framework with ranking was tested and demonstrated for the DOE's prototype medium-sized office in four different climate zones (i.e., Atlanta, Chicago, Miami, and San Francisco) with 12,000 EnergyPlus fault simulations. A total of 129 fault modes from 41 groups of fault models were simulated for the medium-sized office case. The results demonstrate the proposed framework is robust and scalable for the fault impact analysis. The top critical fault for the medium-sized office is the fault of HVAC-Left-ON for the packaged rooftop unit, regarding the site energy, source energy, and HVAC energy. Excluding the fault of HVAC-Left-ON, the top critical faults vary significantly among the four climate zones.
Beyond the evaluative lens: Contextual unpredictabilities of care

Abstract Social science and gerontological research on care tends to focus on identifying practices that qualify as “good care” and promoting interventions that might produce it. In this article, we identify this approach to care as the “evaluative lens.” We argue that while useful, an evaluative approach to studying care can limit scholars' abilities to attend to the complex and disorderly aspects of care in daily life. Drawing on long-term ethnographic research in three distinct contexts of elder care, we show the central role that contextual unpredictability plays in care experiences. In so doing, we argue for scholarship that recognizes care as a form of becoming, embedded in processual and historically contigent relations.
Population Thinking Instruction in High Schools: a Public Health Intervention with Triple Benefits

America faces a series of intersecting problems that relate to health inequities, failing schools, and an inadequate science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workforce, particularly in cities and among low-income Black and Latino youth. Here, we propose a solution, namely reforming secondary school education to include mandatory exposure to population thinking instruction to address these overlapping issues. Public health education has expanded in recent decades in undergraduate education, though it has yet to become an integral component of high school curricula. In this paper, we make the case that all youth should gain exposure to the skills of population thinking through public health education initiated in high school. We further provide a rationale for this approach drawn from multiple youth development frameworks and the community schools movement for honing youth critical thinking skills and problem solving relating to individual and community health, policy, and activism.
The Benefits of Macromolecular/Supramolecular Approaches in Hydrogen Sulfide Delivery: A Review of Polymeric and Self-Assembled Hydrogen Sulfide Donors.

Significance: Cell homeostasis and redox balance are regulated in part by hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous signaling molecule known as a gasotransmitter. Given its biological roles, H2S has promis...
Betrayal of the Little Girls With Dolls: The Broken Promise of Constitutional Protection for Victims of Race Discrimination

The Brown decision brought to the forefront many of the unfulfilled constitutional vows made to prior generations. At the time of the nation's independence, the Founders extended declarations of equality to only a select few. Nearly a century later, following the Civil War, a new constitutional promise ensured that victims of slavery would share full rights of citizenship and that racial subordination would become a thing of the past. In Brown, the Court acknowledged the failure of prior generations to fulfill this promise. The author explores whether the promise of Brown has been kept by assessing Brown from the same perspective as that which resonated with the Justices: the perspective of children who were asked to choose between white and black dolls. Claims of formal equality should be challenged if they conflict with the experiences of girls and boys on the playground, in their homes, and in their communities. In other words, Brown's legacy should be judged by asking whether victims of race discrimination now receive genuinely equal treatment.
Endoscopic full-thickness gastric biopsy: Ready for prime time?

Abstract Gastroparesis is a neuromuscular disease of the gastrointestinal tract that presents with a significant alteration in the normal function of the stomach. The condition presents with symptoms of early satiety, bloating, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, which are known to affect patient’s nutritional status and quality of life. Understanding of the disease and its underlying cellular changes has evolved with ability to acquire deep gastric layers and with progress of histopathological evaluation of gastric tissue. Despite considerable progress made to date, the pathophysiology of the disease remains poorly understood. Consequently, modalities of treatment are still limited. Recent advancements in minimally invasive endoscopy have allowed deviation from the traditional surgical approach to endoscopic full-thickness biopsy. Their safety and effectiveness profile render significant potential for becoming the new standard in deep tissue procurement. We review current techniques of endoscopic full-thickness resection used for diagnostic purposes.
Flavored waterpipe tobacco preferences, perceptions, and use in pregnant women: A latent factor mapping approach

Abstract Waterpipe tobacco (WPT) use is increasingly common in young adults including pregnant and reproductive-age women. Sweet flavors contribute to the appeal of WPT and are a promising regulatory target. The present study utilized correspondence analysis of contingency tables, a latent factor mapping technique, to investigate preferences and perceptions of WPT flavors in a sample of racially/ethnically diverse, low-income pregnant women. One hundred pregnant women (mean age=26 years, 65% racial/ethnic minorities) completed a detailed interview regarding their use, preferences, and perceptions of WPT flavors. Eighty-three percent of participants reported lifetime WPT use; 11% reported prenatal WPT use. Pregnant women reported greatest use of and stronger preferences for sweet (fruit, candy, alcohol) and menthol/mint flavors, and weaker preferences for tobacco flavored WPT. Latent factor mapping revealed clustering of preferred sweet (fruit, candy, alcohol) and menthol/mint flavors versus tobacco flavors, with pungent flavors (coffee, chocolate, spice) clustering between sweet and tobacco flavors. Preferences for sweet and menthol/mint flavors distinguished pregnant women who reported lifetime WPT versus no lifetime WPT use, and prenatal WPT use versus no prenatal WPT use. Harm perceptions did not vary by flavor. Regulations to restrict the availability of WPT flavors may reduce the appeal and use of WPT, especially among pregnant women.
Vector Hardness Properties of Boron and Aluminum Borides

The results of a detailed investigation on the vector hardness properties of the aluminum—boron system are reported. The experimental method used was that of Knoop-type micro-indentations. Data are presented for the (10.1) plane of boron, the (110), (101), and (221) planes of α-AlB12, the (100–010),† (101–011),† and (201–021)† planes of β -AlB12, the (100) plane of γ-AlB12, the (010), (101), and (111) planes of A1B10, the (00.1) plane of AlB2, and also for polycrystalline aluminum and boron. A1B10 has been found to possess both the greatest magnitude of micro indentation hardness and the greatest anisotropy in the materials studied. A hardness phase diagram, crystallographic and vector azimuth illustrations, and data tables are included.
Knowledge and the Eyewitness: Plato Theaetetus 201 a-c

Replying to Theaetetus’ suggestion that knowledge is true opinion at Tht. 200e, Socrates remarks that ‘a whole profession’ testifies against this definition. The orator practises the art of persuasion, not to teach people, but make them believe whatever he wants. If a robbery has taken place, for example, he cannot in a short time teach adequately the truth about what happened to people who were not on the scene.
Mira Atmospheres: Dynamical Structure and Mass Loss Mechanisms

Numerical calculations have been carried out for the dynamics of model atmospheres for Miras and for related pulsating variables. The model atmosphere is driven at its inner boundary in a way simulating the pulsations generated in the stellar interior. The response of the stellar atmosphere has been studied for a wide range of stellar parameters and with various assumptions about the physical processes involved. Mass loss results from a complex interplay of atmospheric extension and heating by shocks, thermal effects of finite relaxation rates, and radiation pressure on dust.
Premature rupture of the membranes.

Abstract In this series of 102 cases of premature rupture of the membranes we have found that: 1. 1. Age, color, gravidity, and parity were not significant factors. 2. 2. There was no increase in the incidence of pre-eclampsia. 3. 3. There was no history of trauma or other apparent cause for rupture of the membranes. 4. 4. There was an increased incidence of malpresentations, cephalopelvic disproportion, and prolapsed cord. 5. 5. The time interval between rupture of the membranes and the onset of labor ranged from less than one hour to fifty-six days. 6. 6. The duration of labor was not increased. 7. 7. Postpartum morbidity was not additionally prolonged when there was a long interval between rupture of the membranes and onset of labor. 8. 8. The infant mortality was not increased with prolongation of the interval between rupture of the membranes and onset of labor. 9. 9. The infant mortality rate was the same with spontaneous onset of labor as with induction of labor with castor oil. The infant mortality was higher when labor was induced by uterine insertion of Braun bag. 10. 10. The total infant mortality was high, but in uncomplicated cases it was only slightly above average.
Estimation of the common scale parameter of two pareto distributions in censored samples

On donne l'estimateur sans biais uniformement a variance minimale avec l'UMVUE de sa variance
On finite groups with cyclic sylow subgroups for all odd primes

Finite simple groups of order divisible by three primes only and the odd Sylow subgroups of which are cyclic are clssified.
Mixtures of normal distributions: Modality and failure rate

The normal density is unimodal in a strong sense as are the densities of mixtures of normals whose means are not too far apart. Consequently, by a standard result in reliability, these mixture densities have an increasing failure rate. This paper investigates how the modality of mixtures of normals and the monotonicities of the failure rate of the mixture are related.
The arithogeometric mean

In this expository note we derive the arithogeometric mean method of Gauss. We assume the reader knows basic algebraic geometry and the theory of elliptic curves. We arrive at the required quadratic substitution with no guesswork, explain how to compute the periods of an elliptic curve, and how to compute the (inverse) elliptic integrals (elliptic functions). The algorithms described are suitable for machine computation to hundreds of digits of accuracy. Begin with an elliptic curve E given by the equation y2 = x(x + r) (x + s). We assume that (x + r) (x + s) has real coefficients, and that neither r nor s is real and nonnegative. Any real elliptic curve can be brought into this form. We let L c IE be the lattice of dx ~. periods of co = ~yy, and let ~: II;/L , E(II2) be the isomorphismoo with 4~*co = dz (z = parameter on 112). We write L = 7/. 7 + 2~6 where 7 = 2 ~ co is real. We know that 0 �9 ([0, 7]) is a component of E(N) containing ~(0) = oo, so 4~(�89 = (0, 0). The other points of order two are (- r, 0) and ( - s, 0), so we may assume 4~(�89 = ( - r, 0) and 4~(�89 + �89 = (- s, 0) (by interchanging r and s, if necessary). Let A be the lattice 7/. 7 + 7Z26 ~ IlL It is invariant under complex conjugation, so it corresponds to a real elliptic curve. We find an equation v2= u(u + R)(u + S) /x
Effect of melatonin implants on gonadal weights and pineal gland fine structure of the golden hamster

Abstract Weekly subcutaneous implants of melatonin in a beeswax pellet prevented the testicular regression which normally occurs in hamsters exposed to short photoperiod for 8 weeks. Normal (14L:10D) hamster testes were indistinguishable from the testes of melatonin-treated (1L:23D) hamsters. The exogenous melatonin had varied effects on the fine structure of the golden hamster pineal gland. Pinealocyte nuclear characteristics of melatonin-treated hamsters (smaller average diameter, less polymorphism, and more heterochromatin) as well as apparent reductions in the amounts of hypertrophic SER and lipid moieties seemed to indicate that melatonin caused inhibition of pineal gland activity, and in this respect counteracted the effects of short photoperiod. However, an apparent increase in the number of large mitochondria, membrane whorls and dense-cored secretory vesicles in pinealocytes of melatonin-treated hamsters suggests enhanced pineal gland activity.
Conformal Energy-Momentum Tensor in Riemannian Space-Time

We consider the scalar field with quartic self-interaction in Riemannian space-time. Identities are proved which connect the modified energy-momentum tensors of Callan, Coleman, and Jackiw in different conformally related space-times. We consider the quantized scalar field in a conformally flat metric, and show that our identities relate the matrix elements of the modified energy-momentum tensor to corresponding matrix elements in Minkowski space. We show further that when the mass can be neglected in the conformal wave equation there is no gravitationally induced particle creation in conformally flat space-times, thus generalizing a result proved earlier in the free-field case. The influence of additional fields and interactions on that result is briefly discussed.
A model for subglacial flooding through a preexisting hydrological network during the rapid drainage of supraglacial lakes

Increasingly large numbers of supraglacial lakes form and drain every summer on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Some of these lakes drain rapidly within the timescale of a few hours, and the vertical discharge of water during these events may find a preexisting film of water potentially within a distributed drainage system of linked cavities. Here we present a model for subglacial flooding applied specifically to such circumstances. One of many interesting results we find is that water flows in from the far field prior to the arrival of flooding. We systematically evaluate the effect of initial ice/bed opening on the degree of perturbation to the subglacial system. Of particular importance, we find that floods propagate much faster and vertical displacements are much greater for larger openings. For 10 and 1 cm of initial opening, for example, floods travel about 68% and 50% farther than in the fully coupled ice/bed scenario after 2 h of drainage, respectively. For the same choices of initial opening, the elastostatic displacement at the injection point is about 1.39 and 1.26 times that of the fully coupled scenario. Using the framework with a preexisting water film results in avoiding the pressure singularity that is inherent to classical hydrofracture models, thus opening an avenue for integrating the likes of our model within continuum subglacial hydrological models. Furthermore, we foresee that the theory presented can be used to potentially infer subglacial hydrological conditions from surface observables.
Vibrational spectra and conformational behavior of 1,1- diethylcyclopropane

Abstract Infrared spectra (from 4000 to 400 cm−1) of solid, liquid and gaseous 1,1-diethylcyclopropane and Raman spectra of the condensed phases of this compound have been recorded. Evidence for two conformational isomers, one of which vanishes in the polycrystalline solid phase, is found in the spectral data for the liquid phase. It has been concluded that these two rotational isomers are the gauche/gauche conformers which arise when the two methyl groups are displaced in a conrotatory sense (C2 symmetry) and a disrotatory sense (Cs symmetry) from a hypothetical cis/cis (C2υ) structure. These conclusions are consistent with the conformational results previously obtained for ethylcyclopropane and ethyloxirane. In addition, from the variable temperature liquid phase Raman intensity measurements, the C2 rotamer of 1,1- diethylcyclopropane has been calculated to be 1.1 ± 0.2 kcal/mole more stable than the Cs form, and is the sole conformer remaining in the solid phase. Tentative vibrational assignments, in agreement with those for related molecules, are proposed for the major spectral bands of 1,1-diethylcyclopropane.
Asymptotic seat bias formulas

Apportionment methods are used to round the vote proportions of parties in a proportional representation system to integer numbers of seats in the parliament. Seat biases quantify by how much on average a particular apportionment method favors larger (or smaller) parties. In this paper, we prove a previous conjecture on asymptotic seat biases of stationary divisor methods and the quota method of greatest remainders, as the size of the parliament tends to infinity.
Observations on the Problematic Potential of Russian Oil and the Complexities of Siberia

An economic geographer and noted American observer of the Russian oil industry since the early 1970s examines the mid-term (15 to 20 years) sustainability of the current surge in oil production, particularly in light of the many complexities affecting the existing and potential petroleum resources of Siberia. Analysis and discussion cover the role of vertically integrated companies, the impact of geological and geographical constraints, the reserve pyramid, and significant aspects of the institutional and political environment, such as ownership, taxation, access to pipelines, export routes, and the role of foreign capital. Distinguishing West Siberia from the oil frontier of East Siberia and the Far East, the author argues that the present boom is not sustainable. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L71, O13, O18. 1 figure, 2 tables, 83 references.
Police use of force: tales from another city

Over the past 50 years the study of officer use of force has moved from qualitative assessments of officer behaviors to complex quantitative studies using advanced statistical techniques to parcel out the influence of a host of explanatory variables. Further, these studies have moved beyond examining simple force dichotomies (i.e., such as force, no force) to assessments of officer decisions to use both physical and non-physical forms of force and coercion. Most recent studies use data collected as part of the Project on Policing Neighborhoods (POPN). We report findings using observational data collected as part of the Cincinnati Observation Study. This study makes two important contributions to the literature. First, whether certain variables were significant depends partially on the statistical technique used to estimate models. Second, a substantial number of explanatory variables were significant irrespective of the technique used and were consistent with the findings from POPN studies on the use of f...
The QR algorithm: 50 years later its genesis by John Francis and Vera Kublanovskaya and subsequent developments

Fifty years after the invention of the QR algorithm by John Francis and Vera Kublanovskaya we reconstruct the ideas and the influences that led to its genesis from the originators' own recollections and their sources and give an account of some of its subsequent developments.
Performance limitations of a Y-branch directional-coupler-based polymeric high-speed electro-optical modulator

To find the optimal driving voltage and bandwidth for electro- optic polymer-waveguide-based directional couplers, four electrode structures are investigated. They are the microstrip line (MSL), the asym- metric coplanar waveguide with ground (ACWG), the coplanar wave- guide with ground (CPWG), and the edge-coupled microstrip line (CMSL). UV15:Polymethyl methacrylate/dispersed-red 1:UV11-3-based directional couplers are evaluated. The CPWG and the ACWG have al- most the same driving voltages, which are about twice the driving volt- age of the CMSL. The MSL has the largest driving voltage, which is 20 to 25% higher than the diving voltages of the CPWG and ACWG. Simula- tion results further conclude that the MSL has the largest bandwidth, and its bandwidth is about 1.6 times that of the bandwidth of the CMSL, which has the narrowest bandwidth. The bandwidths of the ACWG and CPWG are 1.4 and 1.2 times that of the CMSL, respectively. The driving voltages for the four different devices are experimentally confirmed. © 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Kinetics of proton-coupled electron-transfer reactions to the manganese-oxo "cubane" complexes containing the Mn4O4(6+) and Mn4O4(7+) core types.

The kinetics of proton-coupled electron-transfer (pcet) reactions are reported for Mn4O4(O2PPh2)6, 1, and [Mn4O4(O2PPh2)6]+, 1+, with phenothiazine (pzH). Both pcet reactions form 1H, by H transfer to 1 and by hydride transfer to 1+. Surprisingly, the rate constants differ by only 25% despite large differences in the formal charges and driving force. The driving force is proportional to the difference in the bond-dissociation energies (BDE >94 kcal/mol for homolytic, 1H → H + 1, vs. ≈127 kcal/mol for heterolytic, 1H → H− + 1+, dissociation of the O—H bond in 1H). The enthalpy and entropy of activation for the homolytic reaction (ΔH‡ = −1.2 kcal/mol and ΔS‡ = −32 cal/mol⋅K; 25–6.7°C) reveal a low activation barrier and an appreciable entropic penalty in the transition state. The rate-limiting step exhibits no H/D kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 0.96) for the first H atom-transfer step and a small kinetic isotope effect (1.4) for the second step (1H + pzH → 1H2 + pz•). These lines of evidence indicate that formation of a reactive precursor complex before atom transfer is rate-limiting (conformational gating), and that little or no N—H bond cleavage occurs in the transition state. H-atom transfer from pzH to alkyl, alkoxyl, and peroxyl radicals reveals that BDEs are not a good predictor of the rates of this reaction. Hydride transfer to 1+ provides a concrete example of two-electron pcet that is hypothesized for the O—H bond cleavage step during catalysis of photosynthetic water oxidation.
FCP for the IBM eServer zSeries systems: access to distributed storage

The IBM eServer zSeries™ FCP (Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI) channel provides "Linux™ for zSeries" the capability to access storage devices using SCSI and FCP protocols, thus enabling it to make use of distributed storage. Leveraging the zSeries-unique virtualization approach for industry-standard storage devices as well, the zSeries FCP channel provides unique value in UNIX® and Linux environments. This paper describes the major differences between traditional and distributed storage attachments of zSeries systems. Furthermore, it describes the implementation of the zSeries FCP channel, its unique capabilities and characteristics, and how it is implemented by Linux for zSeries.
Patterns of development of adenyl cyclase activity and norepinephrine responsiveness in the rat.

Extract: The present studies were done to delineate developmental patterns of the adenyl cyclase system and its responsiveness to norepinephrine. Investigations were performed in four tissues of the rat: brain, brown fat, heart, and liver. The general developmental patterns of adenyl cyclase in brown fat, heart, and liver are similar. In all three tissues, adenyl cyclase activity reaches a nadir at approximately 14 days of age. Heart, brown fat, and liver also show similar responses to norepinephrine, which increases adenyl cyclase activity to 2–4 times that of basal levels at all ages. The adenyl cyclase activities in the late gestational and early infant brain are relatively low compared with later ages, but are comparable to those of the other tissues in the neonatal period. Activity in cerebrum rises steadily until about 21 days of age. There is responsiveness to sodium fluoride stimulation of adenyl cyclase in all tissues examined at all ages, with values 5–20 times basal levels in brown fat, liver, and heart. In cerebrum, sodium fluoride causes stimulation of adenyl cyclase activity to about 2 times basal levels at all ages. Speculation: Adenyl cyclase activity in brown fat in the rat is at high levels in the neonate. This may be related to the high metabolic activity and active lipolysis occurring in that tissue in the perinatal period. In the brain, adenyl cyclase activity is at very low levels in the neonate compared with the adult, rising rapidly in the 2nd and 3rd weeks of life. This pattern of development of the adenyl cyclase system in the rat brain may be related to concurrent biochemical and structural changes.
Impact of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics on echinocandin dosing strategies

Purpose of reviewStudies of antibiotic pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamics are useful in the design of optimal dosing strategies. This review examines recent advances in echinocandin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and discusses how these studies could lead to newer dosing s
Improved Organic Acid Production by Calcium Alginate-Immobilized Propionibacteria

Abstract Propionic and acetic acid production by Propionibacterium cells immobilized in calcium alginate beads was evaluated in 12-h repeated-batch fermentations on glucose and lactate as primary carbon sources. Beads contained approximately 2 × 10 11 cells g −1 (wet weight) and were added at 40% of broth volume. High initial substrate concentrations (up to 115 gl −1 glucose and up to 78 gl −1 lactate) were utilized by the immobilized cells. The best substrate utilization rates and acid yields were obtained at 75 gl −1 initial glucose and 42 gl −1 initial lactate; 34 gl −1 and 22 gl −1 propionate were produced, respectively, at these substrate concentrations in 12 h. The ratio of propionic to acetic acid increased to 9:1 with increasing glucose concentration, but remained at 2:1 at the different initial lactate concentrations tested. Glucose consumption and propionate production rates were higher in fermentations controlled at pH 6.0 than at pH 7.0, but yields of acids from glucose were highest at pH 7.0.
Teachers' evaluations of unions 1

In the USA, union membership is an almost universal aspect of teachers' occupational identity and union presence is a pervasive feature of school organization, but little attention has been paid to the role unions play in teachers' professional lives. This paper describes how teachers' evaluation of unions is constructed by historical, organizational and social features of teachers' work and, as such, varies markedly across schools and districts. Presenting the contrasting views of teachers in two comprehensive California high schools, it considers the consequences of this evaluation on the changes in strategy many local unions are currently attempting. 1. This paper was prepared for the 16‐20 April 1990 meeting of the American Educational Research Association in Boston, Massachusetts. Research for the paper was supported by funds from the US Education Department Office of Educational Research and Improvement to the Center for Research on the Context of Secondary School Teaching, Stanford University (Gran...
Genetic covariances within and between species: indirect selection for hybrid inviability

N. A. Johnson’,’ and M. J. Wade’ ‘Depurtment of Ecology and Evolution, University qf’ Chicugo, 1101 E. 57th Street, Chicugo, IL 60637, USA ‘Section of Evolutionury Genetics, Department of’ Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, UTA Box 19498, Arlington, TX 76019, USA Key words: Speciation; reproductive isolation; hybrid inviability; genetic covari- ante; genotype by environment interactions. Abstract Genotype-environment interactions and natural selection can result in local specialization when different genotypes are favored in different environments. Restricted gene flow or genetic subdivision enhances local genetic diversification across a species when natural selection acts on such variation. The indirect evolution of reproductive isolation and the restriction of gene flow between species in statu nascendi may provide a central role for genotype-environment interactions in speciation genetics. We derive the expected genetic covariance between heterospe- cific and conspecific viability fitness under several different models of selection, dominance, and breeding structure. Standard quantitative genetic methods can be used to estimate these covariances in experimental studies. These genetic covari- antes permit us to evaluate in a formal way the indirect effects of selection within a species on the evolution of hybrid inviability between species. We find that, for autosomal loci and random mating, the genetic covariance across species is equal to the product of three quantities: (1) the viability of the best hybrid genotype; (2) the viability effect of an allele in hybrids; and, (3) the change in allele frequency due to selection in the conspecific population. Inbreeding within the conspecific popula- tion, expressed as Wright’s coefficient, F, increases the genetic covariance by a factor (1 + F). In all cases, a negative genetic covariance across species is evidence for hybrid inviability evolving as an indirect effect of selection within species for adaptive (as opposed to neutral) genetic change. “It is an irony of evolutionary genetics, that although it is a fusion of Mendelism and Darwinism, it has made no direct contribution to what Darwin obviously saw 205
Effects of Calcium on the Binding of Phencyclidine to Acetylcholine Receptor‐Rich Membrane Fragments from Torpedo californica Electroplaque

The influence of calcium on the binding of phencyclidine (PCP) to acetylcholine (ACh) receptor-rich membrane fragments was investigated. Calcium decreased the equilibrium affinity for PCP in the presence, but not in the absence, of the cholinergic agonist carbamylcholine. The effect of calcium was rapidly reversible by EGTA, indicating that it was not attributable to a calcium-activated protease or a phospholipase. Following detergent solubilization of the nicotinic ACh receptor, the calcium effect on PCP remained, suggesting that calcium may interact directly with the receptor to exert its effect. Other divalent cations (Mn2+, La2+, Co2+, Mg2+) had similar effects. A correlate of "desensitization" of the ACh receptor can be observed using PCP binding, and a two-step "desensitization" process can be observed. Calcium seemed to increase the amplitude of a rapid component of receptor "desensitization." The results presented in this paper suggest that calcium may play a role in the modulation of the nicotinic ACh receptor.
The Ron receptor promotes prostate tumor growth in the TRAMP mouse model

The Ron receptor tyrosine kinase (TK) is overexpressed in many cancers, including prostate cancer. To examine the significance of Ron in prostate cancer in vivo, we utilized a genetically engineered mouse model, referred to as TRAMP mice, that is predisposed to develop prostate tumors. In this model, we show that prostate tumors from 30-week-old TRAMP mice have increased Ron expression compared with age-matched wild-type prostates. Based on the upregulation of Ron in human prostate cancers and in this murine model of prostate tumorigenesis, we hypothesized that this receptor has a functional role in the development of prostate tumors. To test this hypothesis, we crossed TRAMP mice with mice that are deficient in Ron signaling (TK−/−). Interestingly, TK−/− TRAMP+ mice show a significant decrease in prostate tumor mass relative to TRAMP mice containing functional Ron. Moreover, TK−/− TRAMP+ prostate tumors exhibited decreased tumor vascularization relative to TK+/+ TRAMP+ prostate tumors, which correlated with reduced levels of the angiogenic molecules vascular endothelial growth factor and CXCL2. Although Ron loss did not alter tumor cell proliferation, a significant decrease in cell survival was observed. Similarly, murine prostate cancer cell lines containing a Ron deficiency exhibited decreased levels of active nuclear factor-κB, suggesting that Ron may be important in regulating prostate cell survival at least partly through this pathway. In total, our data show for the first time that Ron promotes prostate tumor growth, prostate tumor angiogenesis and prostate cancer cell survival in vivo.
Internalist Virtues and Knowledge

What role can intellectual virtues play in an account of knowledge when we interpret those virtues internalistically, i.e., as depending only on internal states of the cognizer? Though it has been argued that internalist virtues are ill suited to play any role in an account of knowledge, I will show that, on the contrary, internalist virtues can play an important role in recent accounts of knowledge developed to utilize externalist virtues. The virtue account of knowledge developed by Linda Zagzebski is intended to be supplemented by her version of the intellectual virtues which require an external success component. John Greco and Wayne Riggs both develop credit accounts of knowledge on which the abilities we use when we get credit for a true belief must be reliable. I examine the similarities between these three accounts of knowledge and demonstrate that internalist virtues fit into these accounts just as well as externalist virtues. Thus, although internalist virtues do not require a reliable connection to truth, they can still play an important role in defining the truth-requiring concept of knowledge.
Prediction of human transplantation arteriopathy and coronary events with lung/heart count ratios during intravenous dipyridamole thallium-201 imaging.

Abstract Background Cardiac allograft arteriopathy often limits long-term survival in transplantation recipients but has been difficult to detect by standard diagnostic methods. Because of the diffuse nature of transplantation coronary disease, we postulated that a lung/heart ratio during dipyridamole thallium imaging might better predict arteriopathy-related complications than diagnostic methods that detect discrete luminal stenoses. Methods and Results Sixty-six unselected heart transplantation recipients were evaluated with annual coronary arteriograms, endomyocardial biopsy, and intravenous dipyridamole thallium testing (initial study group). The mean lung/heart ratio on an anterior planar image was 0.40 for all patients; therefore P Conclusions A lung/heart ratio ≥0.40 on dipyridamole thallium testing is a sensitive predictor of coronary events after heart transplantation. Patients with heart transplantion who have a lung/heart ratio
Six year survival in the combined treatment of far advanced head and neck cancer under a combined therapy program.

Summary Eighty-two outpatients with proved advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck have undergone complete treatment with concomitant Hydroxyurea and irradiation therapy. Sixty-five patients exhibited complete regression of the tumor. All patients have become candidates for operation after completion of combination therapy, although not all patients accepted surgery.
Use of Viscosity Standard Fluid To Control Quality of Rheological Measurements for Characterizing Asphalt Binders

The results of a study to establish a protocol for calibrating and maintaining Superpave rheometers are described. The reference standard material used was supplied by Cannon Instrument Co. The material (high viscosity standard) is designated as N2700000 and is supplied with ASTM traceable values of steady shear viscosity at various Superpave specification temperatures. The main objective was to determine whether sound calibration practices and adequate training can improve the repeatability and reproducibility of the rheological parameters required in the Superpave binder specification. Ten laboratories participated in the study. The results indicate that the viscosity standard can be used as a standard fluid to calibrate and maintain the Superpave rheometers. The repeatability and reproducibility data were compared with similar estimates reported by the AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory. It was found that the reproducibility (between-laboratory variation) improved by a factor of two and repeatabilit...
Elasto-plastic analysis of a mode I edge crack with application to a surface notch.

A finite element analysis has been undertaken of the mechanical state of a plate containing a crack subjected to mode I loading. Specifically, a localized, well-defined surface depression (dimple) previously observed on the back surface of plate specimens immediately behind the plane of the crack was examined. The approach taken is concerned with defining more precisely the dimpling behavior as a function of relative flaw depth and applied stress level, as well as the development of the plastic zone at the crack tip.
Devitrification and subsequent effects on the leach behavior of a simulated borosilicate nuclear waste glass

Abstract The effects of various heat treatments on the devitrification and subsequent leach behavior of a simulated alkali-borosilicate nuclear waste glass containing trace levels of Cs, Sr, and U are examined. Samples were held at 500, 525, 550, and 575°C for 1, 2, 4, and 10 days and then air cooled. The volume percent of the crystalline phase was determined by a statistical point-count of petrographic thin sections for 2 samples, and by normalized x-ray diffraction for the remainder of the samples. Samples from each heat treatment schedule were corroded in static-leach tests. Post-heat-treatment and post-corrosion samples were examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and fourier-transformed infrared reflection spectroscopy (FTIRRS), and results were correlated with the crystalline volume and solution data. Leach behavior degrades with increasing crystalline volume fraction by as much as 40 ×. Devitrification is not observed below 525°C and appears to be more time-sensitive than temperature-sensitive within the range of treatments studied. The principal crystalline phases identified by x-ray diffraction and FTIRRS are solid solution variations of acmite, augite, and aegir ne. The range of solid solution variation is fairly large and is likely due to the limited diffusion rates at the heat treatment temperatures and glass inhomogenity prior to heat treatment.
Clonal escape in Fanconi anemia: new hurdle for gene therapy?

Comment on Li et al, page [3465][1] When bone marrow progenitor cells from Fanconi anemia knockout ( Fancc -/-) mice are cultured ex vivo in a growth-factor cocktail, they exhibit apparent stem cell exhaustion and clonal evolution to apoptosis-resistant leukemia. Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic