cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observational data relevant to understanding synchronization and circularization in chromospherically active binaries

Twenty chromospherically active binaries which promise to be useful in understanding the synchronization and circularlzation problem are listed in Table I with a synopsis of relevant data. Included are all those for which the orbital period exceeds 60 days and/or the orbital eccentricity is 0. I or more and/or the rotational and orbital periods differ by more than 10%. BY Dra, HR 7578, and BD +24°692 would be considered BY Dra-type systems But most of the rest would be considered RS CVntype binaries. HR 1362 and HD 217188 are not yet proven to be binaries but we are tentatively presuming they are. In Table I the first column gives a familiar designation for each binary. The second column gives the orbital period taken from Batten et al. (1978) or from more recent published sources or in one case (HD 8357) from Fekel (1985). The third column is the orbital eccentricity, where the asterisk means Lucy and Sweeney (1971) concluded that the orbit could be considered circular. The fourth column is the rotational period, in every case except one (Capella) deduced from the photometric period by assuming variability is produced by the chromospherieally active (presumably spotted) star. Rotational periodsdeduced in this way can be far more accurate than those deduced from rotationally broadened llne profiles; spectroscopically deduced rotation speeds require knowledge of the absolute radius of the star and the orbital inclination and~ moreover, are meaningless when rotation is very slow and the broadening correspondingly very small. For 93 Leo and HR 7428 the photometric period was not derived explicitly but a wave did appear in the light curve when the photometry was plotted modulo the known orbital period. Two values of P(rot.) are given for BM Cam, corresponding to the two spot groups found by Hall and Osborn (1985). In two cases (33 Psc and HR 7428) a component of the photometric variability has tentatively been ascribed to the ellipticity effect, not to starspots. The fifth column is the total range of photometric variation in the V bandpass, although in any one year the peak-to-peak amplitude of the wave was generally less. The sixth column is a reference for the photometric data, where the abbreviation ASS stands for Astrophysics and Space Science. The last column is the ratio of the rotational to the orbital period~ where of course a value near unity indicates synchronization. For two of the BY Dra systems (BY Dra and BD +24°692) the orbital eccentricity and asynchronous rotation has been interpreted, in terms of theory developed by Zahn (1977), as a consequence of young age (Bopp et al. 1980). For the RS CVn binaries, however, it is clear that no very simple interpretation connects the data in Table I. We see synchronous rotation associated with orbital periods as long as 80 days but
Electronic structure of Be2C.

The electronic band structure, lattice constant, bulk modulus, cohesive energy, complex dielectric function, and electron-energy-loss function for ${\mathrm{Be}}_{2}$C are calculated by the linear-muffin-tin-orbital method. The calculated -Im(1/\ensuremath{\epsilon}) and partial densities of states are found to be in satisfactory accord, respectively, with the measured electron energy loss (EELS) in the low-loss region and with the K-shell electron-energy-loss-near-edge fine-structure measurements, the only available data relevant to the band structure. The band gap is found to be indirect (\ensuremath{\Gamma}-X) with a local-density-approximation value of 1.2 eV. The EELS data provide an estimate for the gap correction of \ensuremath{\sim}2.0 eV.
Effect of ozone on the agglutination of erythrocytes by concanavalin A. I. Studies in rats.

Abstract A decrease in the agglutination of rat erythrocytes by the lectin concanavalin A was observed after in vitro exposure to ozone (1 ppm for 2 hr) and after inhalation of 0.5–2.0 ppm ozone for 2 hr. Agglutination was inhibited by α-methyl- d -mannopyrannoside demonstrating that it is specific for the lectin. Studies with radioactive concanavalin A indicated that ozone exposure did not significantly affect the number of membrane sites available for lectin binding. Further studies revealed that erythrocytes incubated with malonaldehyde, a decomposition product of lipid peroxidation, also showed a decrease in agglutination as did erythrocytes obtained from rats injected with the oxidizing agent, acetylphenylhydrazine. These findings are consistent with a possible causal role for malonaldehyde in mediating extrapulmonary effects observed after ozone exposure.
Robust adaptive control of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with nonlinear parameterization

This paper presents a new robust adaptive control approach for a class of uncertain strict feedback nonlinear systems with nonlinear parameterization by employing Nussbaum gain and a smooth parameter projection algorithm. It is provided that the proposed adaptive scheme can guarantee the global uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system signals with transient specifications. The control performance can be guaranteed by an appropriate choice of the design parameters.
A Formal Framework for Specifying and Verifying Time Warp Optimizations

Parallel and distributed systems are representative of large and complex systems that require the application of formal methods. These systems are often unreliable because implementors design and develop these systems without a complete understanding of the problem domain; in addition, the nondeterministic nature of certain parallel and distributed systems make system validation difficult if not impossible. To address this issue, the application of formal specification and verification to a class of parallel and distributed software systems is presented in this paper. Specifically, the Prototype Verification System (PVS) is applied to the specification and verification of the Time Warp protocol, a distributed optimistic discrete event simulation algorithm. The paper discusses how the specification of the Time Warp protocol can be mechanized within a general-purpose higher-order theorem proving framework like PVS. In addition, the paper presents the extensibility of the specification to address and verify different aspects and optimizations of the basic Time Warp protocol. As an illustrative example, our experiences in specifying and verifying the infrequent state saving optimization to the basic Time Warp protocol is reported in the paper.
Vision in two cyprinid fish: implications for collective behavior

Many species of fish rely on their visual systems to interact with conspecifics and these interactions can lead to collective behavior. Individual-based models have been used to predict collective interactions; however, these models generally make simplistic assumptions about the sensory systems that are applied without proper empirical testing to different species. This could limit our ability to predict (and test empirically) collective behavior in species with very different sensory requirements. In this study, we characterized components of the visual system in two species of cyprinid fish known to engage in visually dependent collective interactions (zebrafish Danio rerio and golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas) and derived quantitative predictions about the positioning of individuals within schools. We found that both species had relatively narrow binocular and blind fields and wide visual coverage. However, golden shiners had more visual coverage in the vertical plane (binocular field extending behind the head) and higher visual acuity than zebrafish. The centers of acute vision (areae) of both species projected in the fronto-dorsal region of the visual field, but those of the zebrafish projected more dorsally than those of the golden shiner. Based on this visual sensory information, we predicted that: (a) predator detection time could be increased by >1,000% in zebrafish and >100% in golden shiners with an increase in nearest neighbor distance, (b) zebrafish schools would have a higher roughness value (surface area/volume ratio) than those of golden shiners, (c) and that nearest neighbor distance would vary from 8 to 20 cm to visually resolve conspecific striping patterns in both species. Overall, considering between-species differences in the sensory system of species exhibiting collective behavior could change the predictions about the positioning of individuals in the group as well as the shape of the school, which can have implications for group cohesion. We suggest that more effort should be invested in assessing the role of the sensory system in shaping local interactions driving collective behavior.
Computation of the Q-factor in optical fiber systems using an accurate receiver model

We derive an analytical expression that explicitly relates the Q-factor to the optical signal-to-noise ratio in optical fiber transmission systems with any given pulse shape and receiver characteristics using an accurate receiver model.
Cumulative and recent psychiatric symptoms as predictors of substance use onset: does timing matter?

Aims We examined two questions about the relationship between conduct disorder (CD), depression and anxiety symptoms and substance use onset: (i) what is the relative influence of recent and more chronic psychiatric symptoms on alcohol and marijuana use initiation and (ii) are there sensitive developmental periods when psychiatric symptoms have a stronger influence on substance use initiation? Design Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Youth Study, a cohort study of boys followed annually from 7 to 19 years of age. Setting Recruitment occurred in public schools in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Participants A total of 503 boys. Measurements The primary outcomes were age of alcohol and marijuana use onset. Discrete-time hazard models were used to determine whether (i) recent (prior year); and (ii) cumulative (from age 7 until 2 years prior to substance use onset) psychiatric symptoms were associated with substance use onset. Findings Recent anxiety symptoms [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–1.17], recent (HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.35–1.87), cumulative (HR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.03–2.03) CD symptoms, and cumulative depression symptoms (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.08) were associated with earlier alcohol use onset. Recent (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.22–1.58) and cumulative CD symptoms (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.02–1.85) were associated with marijuana use onset. Recent anxiety symptoms were only associated with alcohol use onset among black participants. Conclusions Timing matters in the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and substance use onset in childhood and adolescence, and the psychiatric predictors of onset are substance-specific. There is no single sensitive developmental period for the influence of psychiatric symptoms on alcohol and marijuana use initiation.
FAMILY THERAPY TREATMENT OUTCOMES FOR ALCOHOLISM

We conducted a meta-analysis of 21 studies of family-involved therapy for alcoholism, evaluating them for design adequacy, clinical significance, and effect size. The review is divided into studies of family involvement in three phases of treatement: (a) initiation of treatment, (b) primary treatment/rehabilitation, and and (c)aftercare. We conclude that family therapy is effective in motivating alcoholics to enter treatment. Once the drinker enters treatment, family-involved treatment is marginally more effective that individual alcoholism treatment. The data suggest that three factors may mediate the effect of treatment: gender, investment in the relationship, and perceived support from the spouse for abstinence. Modest benefits have been obtained in family-involved relapse prevention programs. The most recent studies are starting to address tese issues by developing treatment models specifically for women alcoholics and identifying factors that could be used to match appropriate treatments to alcoholics and their families. These efforts are just beginning, however, and we make a number of recommendations to support implementation of these and other efforts.
Thymoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia. A case report

A case of epithelial thymoma occurring synchronously with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia and urinary bladder carcinoma in a 76-year-old man is described. Thymomas have been associated with numberous hematologic, collagen-vascular and autoimmune disease states, as well as with an increased incidence of nonthymic malignancy. Human thymoma-associated leukemia is, however, extremely unusual, despite the well-documented role of the thymus in leukemogenesis in experimental animals. No previous literature reports of thymoma associated with chronic myelogeneous leukemia were found. A review of long-term followup data of surviving thymoma patients is necessary to determine if an increased propensity to develop leukemia is present in present in patients with thymoma.
The convergence rate of the Chebyshev sim under a perturbation of a complex line-segment spectrum

Abstract The Chebyshev semiiterative method ( chsim ) is probably the best known and most often used method for the iterative solution of linear system x = T x + c, where the spectrum of T is located in a complex line segment [α, β] excluding 1. The asymptotic convergence factor (ACF) of the chsim , under a perturbation of [α, β], is considered. Several formulae for the approximation to the ACFs, up to the second order of a perturbation, are derived. This generalizes the results about the sensitivity of the asymptotic rate of convergence to the estimated eigenvalues by Hageman and Young in the case that both α and β are real. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results.
Prognostic significance of steroid receptors measured in primary metastatic and recurrent endometrial carcinoma.

Forty-two cases of recurrent and 14 cases of advanced clinical stage (III and IV) endometrial carcinoma are presented, in which progesterone and estrogen receptors from the metastatic sites were measured. Mean survival time (time from recurrence or, in advanced stages, from the time of diagnosis to death or last follow-up), mean total survival time (time from diagnosis to death or last follow-up), and mean time to recurrence (time from diagnosis of primary tumor to the time of recurrence) were positively correlated with positive progesterone and estrogen receptor status and with histologic grade of tumor. No correlation was found with age, clinical stage, depth of myometrial invasion, or site of metastasis. However, when multiple variables were considered with the Cox regression model, the combination most highly correlated with survival included progesterone receptor, grade of tumor, and site of metastasis (pelvis vs. other sites). All differences were statistically significant ( p
Studies on calcium regulation in relation to sodium-potassium balance in the rabbit lens.

Net changes in the levels of lens calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and water content were determined following exposure in vitro to iodoacetate, ouabain, lanthanum, cyanide, quercetin and cold t
Pavlovian aversive to instrumental appetitive transfer: Evidence for across-reinforcement blocking effects

Rats received Pavlovian aversive (shock) conditioning in which white noise was established for different groups as a CS+, CSO, or CS−. Then, in an appetitive T-maze discrimination, the CSs were presented contingent upon a designated correct response for which food reinforcement was factorially varied at 0, 1, 2, or 4 pellets. Although the CS+ suppressed and the CS− facilitated speed of running in the correct arm at the start of discrimination training, these effects extinguished rapidly and did not interact with reward magnitude. Furthermore, choice learning was faciltated by the CS+ and retarded by the CS−, with these effects being comparable for the 1- to 4-pellet reinforcement conditions, but absent for the 0-pellet condition. These findings are difficult to reconcile with a transfer interpretation positing a general signaling property of the CS and are better interpreted as across-reinforcement blocking effects: By predicting a preferred outcome (safety) comparable to the preferred outcome of food reinforcement, the CS− blocks (retards) the association of reinforcement and the SD; conversely, by predicting a nonpreferred (shock) outcome discrepant from the preferred food outcome, the CS+ “counterblocks” (enhances) the association of reinforcement and the SD.
Labeling of recombinant protein for NMR spectroscopy: global and specific labeling of the rat liver fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase domain.

Abstract Methods for the efficient use of the 13 C-labeled nutrients, glucose and histidine, in the production of recombinant protein were developed to provide the large amount of sample required for NMR studies. The nutrient requirements were reduced by determining the minimum amount of these metabolites needed during both the growth and the induction phases of the BL21(DE3) and newly constructed BL21(DE3) histidine auxotrophic Escherichia coli cultures. These methods were developed using the separate bisphosphatase domain of rat liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, which is expressed to high levels in the pET3a/BL21(DE3) bacterial system. Use of the optimized expression methods reduced the requirements for the labeled nutrients, glucose and histidine, by 90 and 93.8%, respectively. The savings realized by use of the minimized media and modified induction protocols were obtained without significant reduction of the yield of purified protein. Comprehensive study of the bisphosphatase domain by NMR spectroscopy requires large amounts of protein because of its low solubility and the short lifetime (2–3 days) of the NMR samples. The significant reduction in the costs of labeled protein samples realized by the optimized expression methods can meet these sample requirements in a cost-effective way, and thereby, allow NMR studies of the bisphosphatase domain to proceed.
Oxidation of pyrazole by reconstituted systems containing cytochrome P-450 IIE1

Rat liver microsomes oxidize pyrazole to 4-hydroxypyrazole and this oxidation is increased in microsomes isolated from rats treated with inducers of cytochrome P-450 IIE1, such as pyrazole or ethanol. A reconstituted system containing the P-450 IIE1, purified from pyrazole-treated rats, oxidized pyrazole to 4-hydroxypyrazole in a time- and P-450-dependent manner. Oxidation of pyrazole was dependent on the concentration of pyrazole over the range of 0.15 mM to 1.0 mM. In isolated microsomes, glycerol inhibited pyrazole oxidation by about 50% under concentration conditions which occur in the reconstituted system; hence, the values for pyrazole oxidation by the reconstituted systems are underestimated because of the presence of glycerol. Oxidation of pyrazole was inhibited by competitive substrates for P-450 IIE1, such as 4-methylpyrazole, aniline and ethanol, as well as by an antibody raised against the pyrazole-induced P-450 IIE1. Thus, pyrazole is an effective substrate for oxidation by purified P-450 IIE1, extending the substrate specificity of this isozyme to potent inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase.
The heart of the matter: Cardiovascular involvement in Marfan's syndrome

The Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant heritable disease of connective tissue whose skeletal features were first described in 1896 (1) . Cardiovascular complications, which largely determine longevity, were not recognized until the mid 1940s . Clinical diagnostic criteria were refined in 1979 by Pyeritz and McKusick ( ), who focused on the familial, ocular, skeletal and cardiovascular abnormalities . The overt expressions of the Marfan gene vary widely, and the incidence of the disorder is likely to be considerably higher than currently recognized (4 to 6 cases/100,000) ( ) . Because of the variability of expression, the clinical diagnosis may be open to question even after refined diagnostic investigation or, conversely, the diagnosis may be obvious at a glance . The present study . The mean age at death is the mid 30s and is largely a reflection of the presence and degree of cardiovascular involvement (3) . In this issue of the Journal, Marsalese et al . (4) provide us with important insights into the natural and postoperative histories of a sizable number of patients with the Marfan syndrome . They confirm the central role of cardiovascular involvement as a determinant of longevity and report encouraging information on improved survival using current techniques of composite graft replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve with reimplantation of the coronary arteries in contrast to the older procedure of end to end anastomosis after resection of the aortic aneurysm (5,6) . Marsalese et al . (4) advocate early detection of cardiac involvement and consider close serial follow-up to be critical to patient care . Because their study was retrospective (1959
Emerging therapies in juvenile rheumatoid/idiopathic arthritis.

4 J uvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a heterogeneous group of diseases in children, which are all characterized by arthritis in at least one oint for a minimum of 6-weeks duration. There has een an international transition in the nomenclature to ename this group of diseases juvenile idiopathic rthritis (JIA). JIA also includes psoriatic arthritis and he spondyloarthropathies, which are not included in he spectrum of JRA. Nonetheless, we have learned hat the therapies for these diseases overlap considerbly and are not necessarily distinctive in one group ersus another. Treatments for these chronic arthritic conditions in hildren have evolved over the last three decades. The apid progressive addition of antiinflammatory agents as evolved in parallel with the treatment recommenations for adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis. his “dismantling of the pyramid” was expedited by he report of Levinson and Wallace in 1992. Their eport demonstrated that, based on plain film joint adiographs, there is a relatively narrow window of pportunity to treat these diseases before cartilage arrowing or bone erosion occurs. The patients with olyarticular and systemic JRA had a mean onset of bnormal radiographs in approximately 2.5 years and atients with pauciarticular JRA (oligoarticular JIA) verage approximately 5 years until they exhibit abormal radiographs. Thus, antiinflammatory treatment s implemented faster to protect the cartilage and reserve the intraarticular anatomy.
Preparation and spectroscopic characterization of molecular species of brain phosphatidylserines

Abstract This study describes the first preparation and spectroscopic characterization of naturally occurring phospholipids separated according to degree of unsaturation. Phosphatidylserines (PS) have been prepared from bovine brain and shown to be pure by extensive thin layer chromatographic analysis as well as by infrared spectroscopy and fatty acid analysis. The PS has been separated according to degree of unsaturation and prepared using AgNO 3 -impregnated silica gel H thin-layer chromatography. Fatty acid analysis of the two principal PS subfractions indicates that they are enriched in the molecular species 1-octadecanoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphorylserine and 1-octadecanoyl-2-octadecenoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphorylserine. The identity of the two PS subfractions was further verified by rechromatographing on several thin layer systems and by infrared spectroscopy. With the use of a 100 MHz Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer, the spectra of bovine whole brain, white matter, gray matter, monoenoic, and hexaenoic PS were obtained. Distinct proton resonances were assigned to double bond protons, protons adjacent to a double bond, and protons between two double bonds, using fatty acid methyl ester standards. The various PS preparations gave different intensities of the various proton resonances which correlated with differences in fatty acid composition. The method provides a convenient, non-destructive spectroscopic method for distinguishing monoenoic and polyunsaturated species of intact phospholipids. Electron spin resonance studies of nitroxide-labelled cholestane in sonicated PS vesicles showed greater probe motion as the unsaturation of the acyl chains was increased. The hexaenoic PS vesicles were more fluid than monoenoic PS vesicles at all temperatures in the range 10–55°C. These results suggest that neuronal membranes are more fluid than myelin membranes as neuronal membranes contain more hexaenoic phospholipids.
Research, Teaching, and Service in Applied, Multidisciplinary Academic Programs and in Community Organizations

SUMMARY The present paper describes a possible career path to research, teaching, and service in interdisciplinary academic departments (e.g., criminal justice and family and social policy/human and community development). Such employment has become an increasingly viable and interesting career route, given the increase in multidis-ciplinary applied social science programs and the limited availability of academic jobs in psychology departments, especially for non-clinical and non-experimental psychologists. Professional consultations to local government (e.g., housing, planning, and police departments) and nonprofit organizations (community voluntary associations and lobby/technical assistance organizations) are also common in this career path.
Phase Shift Equivalent Potentials and Pion-Nucleus Reactions

Since pion-nucleus elastic scattering data serve as a measure only of the asymptotic behavior of the outgoing pion wave function, it is possible to introduce transformations which alter the wave function only inside the nucleus, leaving the total and elastic differential cross sections unchanged. Examples are presented which illustrate certain ambiguities in attempts to extract optical potential information from elastic scattering data, and which show how such transformations may also be used as a tool to constrain the pion wave function with inelastic scattering and reaction data.
Involvement of a herbimycin A-sensitive protein tyrosine kinase in extracellular action of HIV-1 Nef

Extracellular Nef which has been implicated in disease progression and development of AIDS induces IL-10, a potent immunosuppressive cytokine, in vitro. The present study was designed to examine whether the action of extracellular Nef is a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent event. Anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblotting reveals that recombinant HIV-1 Nef induces rapid tyrosyl phosphorylation of several cellular proteins in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Pre-treatment of cells with herbimycin A, but not with genistein, significantly abolishes the Nef-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. Furthermore, ELISA and RNase protection assays show that herbimycin A significantly blocks Nef-induced production of IL-10 at both the protein and the mRNA level. Genistein and aminogenistein have a much less blocking effect on the ability of Nef to induce IL-10. These results provide evidence for the involvement of a herbimycin A-sensitive PTK in the signal transduction pathway for exogenous HIV-1 Nef.
Metamaterial transmission line based reconfigurable X-band phase shifter design

In this paper, a broad band reconfigurable phase shifter designs utilizing composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL) metamaterials is demonstrated for X-band applications. Metamaterial unit cells are designed that allows seamless integration of active devices (varactor diodes) in order to achieve reconfigurability. Design equations and properties with arbitrary phase, band-pass characteristic, and dispersion/attenuation diagram are presented. To achieve broadband design, two metamaterial unit cells are cascaded together having resonant frequencies of 8.95 and 10.25GHz. On average, 18-degrees of phase tuning are demonstrated over a wide bandwidth (∼2 GHz) range with high linearity.
Response to comments on "ApoE-directed therapeutics rapidly clear β-amyloid and reverse deficits in AD mouse models"

The data reported in the Technical Comments by Fitz et al., Price et al., Tesseur et al., and Veeraraghavalu et al. replicate and validate our central conclusion that bexarotene stimulates the clearance of soluble β-amyloid peptides and results in the reversal of behavioral deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The basis of the inability to reproduce the drug-stimulated microglial-mediated reduction in plaque burden is unexplained. However, we concluded that plaque burden is functionally unrelated to improved cognition and memory elicited by bexarotene.
Fear of Spiders Questionnaire

The Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ), an 18-item self-report questionnaire assessing spider phobia, was developed in an attempt to complement the information provided by the Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ). Data obtained from 338 undergraduates revealed that the FSQ was able to discriminate phobics from nonphobics, and indicated decrements in phobic responding from pretest to posttest following cognitive therapy. Test-retest data, obtained from non-treatment control groups, indicated that scores on the FSQ are stable over a one month period. The FSQ also demonstrated adequate convergent validity due to its significant correlations with the SPQ and a behavioral avoidance test. Finally, a factor analysis revealed two factors accounting for 55% of the variance. It is argued that, compared to the SPQ, items on the FSQ are more explicit regarding the time period to be assessed, and may be more sensitive to differences between phobics and nonphobics and decrements in phobic responding following treatment.
Impressions of World of Warcraft players' personalities based on their usernames: Interobserver consensus but no accuracy

Millions of people interact in the context of massively-multi-player-online-role-play-games (MMORPGs). Here we address whether MMORPG usernames convey accurate information about users’ personalities. Impressions based on email addresses show some accuracy but MMORPG’s are different because they provide little accountability, with little expectation that users will ever meet in person. We assessed consensus and accuracy in impressions based on 1357 (153 females) World of Warcraft users. Ratings of the usernames in terms of the Big Five dimensions yielded strong consensus (mean ICC = .46) but low accuracy (mean r = .01). Lens-model analysis suggest that features of the usernames have little validity, but observers used them anyway. Discussion focuses on why results might differ from those based on email addresses.
Neuro-oncology: unmasking the multiforme in glioblastoma.

Classification of glioblastomas into various molecular entities is required for the successful application of targeted therapeutics and personalized cancer therapy. Analyses of gene expression, genomic mutations and DNA copy number identified four molecular subtypes among histopathologically indistinguishable glioblastomas. This classification suggests the existence of distinct paths of tumor cell origin and variation in therapeutic sensitivity.
Staggered weak matrix element miscellany

Abstract I report on work, done with Rajan Gupta and Greg Kilcup, using staggered fermions to study weak matrix elements in quenched QCD. I give an update on the ΔI = 1 2 rule and on matrix elements and relevant for ϵ′. I show results of a study of the dependence of BK on non-leading terms in the chiral expansion. I present our first results for BK from a quenched calculation at s = 6.4 on 323 × 48 lattices, based o n an ensemble of 12 configurations.
B cells responses and cytokine production are regulated by their immune microenvironment

The adaptive immune system consists of two types of lymphocytes: T and B cells. These two lymphocytes originate from a common precursor, yet are fundamentally different with B cells mediating humoral immunity while T cells mediate cell mediated immunity. In cytokine production, naive T cells produce multiple cytokines upon activation while naive activated B cells do not. B cells are capable of producing cytokines, but their cytokine production depends on their differentiation state and activation conditions. Hence, unlike T cells that can produce a large amount of cytokines upon activation, B cells require specific differentiation and activation conditions to produce cytokines. Many cytokines act on B cells as well. Here, we discuss several cytokines and their effects on B cells including: Interleukins, IL-7, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and Interferons, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ. These cytokines play important roles in the development, survival, differentiation and/or proliferation of B cells. Certain chemokines also play important roles in B cell function, namely antibody production. As an example, we discuss CCL28, a chemokine that directs the migration of plasma cells to mucosal sites. We conclude with a brief overview of B cells as cytokine producers and their likely functional consequences on the immune response.
Top cited papers in International Psychogeriatrics: 4. Effects of individualized vs. classical "relaxation" music on the frequency of agitation in elderly persons with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.

While working as a staff development coordinator in a long-term care facility during the mid to late 1980s I witnessed agitation in persons with dementia (PWD) and the negative effects that these behaviors had on both the caregiver and the care recipient. Published research findings validated the widespread prevalence of this problem. Management strategies at the time focused primarily on chemical and physical restraints which, in and of themselves, were fraught with adverse effects. Shortly thereafter I enrolled in graduate school where I focused my efforts on exploring this problem with a clear understanding that there was a need for alternative interventions that were relatively inexpensive and could be readily and easily implemented by trained staff. These efforts eventually led to the development of individualized music as an intervention for the management of agitation in PWD. Individualized music is defined as music that has been integrated into the person's life and is based on personal preference (Gerdner, 1992). Extensive clinical experience along with findings from a pilot study (Gerdner, 1992) served as the foundation for the development of intervention guidelines (Gerdner, 1996) and a mid-range theory of individualized music intervention for agitation (IMIA) (Gerdner, 1997). The publication of the original pilot study (Gerdner and Swanson, 1993) generated a considerable amount of interest resulting in further efforts toward testing the effects of individualized music for the management of agitation in PWD (Casby and Holm, 1994; Cohen-Mansfield and Werner, 1997; Devereaux, 1997; Thomas et al., 1997; Clark et al., 1998). The strengths and limitations of these studies were used to design a more rigorous methodology using a larger sample for the purpose of testing the propositions of IMIA and the effects of individualized music when compared to classical “relaxation” music on the frequency of agitation in PWD. The findings of this study were published in International Psychogeriatrics (Gerdner, 2000). As of January 2009, this article has been cited in 91 scholarly publications and was the impetus for additional studies conducted in the U.S.A., Sweden, Japan and Taiwan. These efforts have resulted in an expanding body of research to support the use of this intervention for the management of agitation (Ragneskog et al., 2001; Janelli et al., 2002; Suzuki et al. 2004; Sung et al., 2006; 2008; Park, 2008).
Selective pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone produced by expression of a mutant thyroid hormone receptor β gene in the pituitary gland of transgenic mice

Abstract Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) has been subdivided into generalized resistance (GRTH) and pituitary resistance (PRTH) based on the clinical impression of absence or presence of thyrotoxicosis. However, due to lack of objective clinical and genetic criteria, the existence of PRTH as a distinct entity became controversial. To determine what the phenotype would be if RTH was confined to the pituitary, a transgenic mouse was developed in which expression of the mutant thyroid hormone receptor (TR) β (G345R) was targeted to the pituitary thyrotrophs by placing it downstream of the mouse thyrotropin β promoter. This construct exhibited an antagonistic effect on the thyroid hormone-dependent transactivation, mediated through the wild-type TRβ1, only when cotransfected with the thyrotroph embryonic factor in a heterologous cell line. As expected the transgene was transcribed predominantly in the pituitary gland but not in liver. These mice showed a significant, though modest, increase in serum T4concentration. A decrease in the serum cholesterol was observed in keeping with the selective tissue hyposensitivity to thyroid hormone.
Summation of series in statistical mechanics by continued exponentials

Abstract Continued exponentials (CEs) are used to extend a series when a finite number of coefficients are known. Since the CE does not have singularities built-in (as Pade approximants and the maximum-entropy (ME) method do) it is a useful technique to estimate thermodynamic functions from partial series right up to the transition point (radius of convergence) for first-order phase transitions. The method is tested on Fisher’s cluster model (an ideal mixture of clusters with no excluded volume that contains a first-order gas–liquid phase transition with a critical point), the one-dimensional Ising model (an example of a fluid above the critical point) and the two-dimensional Ising model (an example of a fluid below the critical point where the effect of excluded volume is included). In addition, we compare the use of the CE to estimate the equation of state for hard spheres from the known partial virial series (through B 8 ) with the results from Pade approximants and the ME method. The results from the three methods are comparable, with the results from the CE approximation agreeing best with simulation data. CEs can also be used to approximate series that are asymptotic to a power law in the case where the exponent is known. We use the case of diffusion in one dimension as an example with power-law behavior and compare the use of CEs and the ME method to treat this system.
Responses to Obsessive Compulsive Disorder on Monk Among Series Fans: Parasocial Relations, Presumed Media Influence, and Behavioral Outcomes

This study explored responses to Monk, a television series about a detective with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), from the perspective of parasocial relationships and the influence of presumed influence model. Series fans completed an online survey. A stronger parasocial relationship to Monk was associated with lower OCD stereotypes and less desired social distance from people with OCD. Perceived influence of Monk on respondents' own and others' attitudes toward OCD was related to behavioral and psychological outcomes, including willingness to seek and disclose mental health treatment and perceived self-esteem benefits. Different patterns were observed based on experience with mental illness and with OCD specifically.
The pathways responsible for excitation and inhibition of fastigial neurones.

A detailed study of the latencies of the excitatory responses of fastigial cells disclosed an unexpected anomaly. Except for infrequent small responses the latency was many milliseconds longer than would be expected for excitation by axon collaterals of the fast spino-cerebellar pathways. There were many examples in which inhibition had an earlier onset than excitation; nevertheless the inhibitory latency was not so brief as to preclude its production by Purkyně cell discharge in response to the fast spino-cerebellar pathways. Histograms have been constructed for the latencies of the excitation and inhibition evoked in fastigial cells by four kinds of inputs: nerve volleys from forelimb and hindlimb; pad taps from forelimb and hindlimb. Electrical stimulation of the lateral reticular nucleus on the same side very effectively excited fastigial cells, usually with the latency expected for monosynaptic excitation. It was therefore postulated that with forelimb and hindlimb stimulation the dominant mode of excitation of fastigial cells was by excitatory collaterals from the spino-reticulo-cerebellar pathway. Stimulation of the contralateral inferior olive also was effective in evoking a short latency excitation of fastigial cells. It was therefore assumed that collaterals from the spino-olivo-cerebellar pathway provide an additional excitatory input to fastigial cells. A diagram was constructed in space-time coordinates graphically expressing the timing of the various excitatory and inhibitory pathways by which a hindlimb nerve stimulus acts on fastigial cells. An interesting design feature is thereby disclosed, namely that the dominant excitatory input to the fastigial cells via the slower spino-cerebellar paths is virtually synchronous with the inhibitory input from Purkyně cells discharging in response to the fast spino-cerebellar input. It is pointed out that the temporal pattern gives optimal conditions for the computer-like operation of the fastigial nucleus.
Formation kinetics of nitric oxide of a biodiesel surrogate relative to n-heptane under comparable oxygen equivalence ratio in a homogeneous reactor

Abstract Interest in biodiesel has piqued with advent of stringent emissions regulations. Biodiesel is a viable substitute for petroleum diesel because biodiesel produces significantly lower particulate and soot emissions relative to petroleum diesel. Higher nitric oxide (NO) emissions for biodiesel, however, are of primary concern in biodiesel–fueled engines. Search for an in-cylinder technique to reduce NO emissions for biodiesel has motivated studies to gain an improved understanding of fundamental factors that drive increase in NO emissions with biodiesel. Potential factors include fuel-bound oxygen, fuel-bound nitrogen and post-flame gas temperature. The role of fuel-bound oxygen, however, is debated in the literature. The research objective of this study is to computationally determine if a biodiesel surrogate and n -heptane yield equivalent concentrations of NO with the same oxygen equivalence ratio in a 0-D homogeneous reactor, to explain the role of fuel-bound oxygen in biodiesel on increases in NO emissions with biodiesel. The results from this study indicate that one of the reasons the biodiesel surrogate (composed of equal parts of n -heptane, methyl-decanoate, and methyl 2,4 dimethyl-9-decenoate on molar basis) yields higher NO emissions than the n -heptane is because of its lower oxygen consumption efficiency. The lower oxygen consumption efficiency for biodiesel is likely because of the slower decomposition of the individual components and the blending ratios of the biodiesel surrogate blend. The relative differences in instantaneous fuel conversion percentage of individual components of the biodiesel blend suggest this conclusion. The quicker burning of the methyl esters relative to the n -heptane in biodiesel surrogate perhaps indicates the favorable role of fuel-bound oxygen in the fuel’s combustion. The low utilization of oxygen by the biodiesel surrogate could not be explained in this study. On kinetics level, the dominance of NO 2 + H ↔ NO + OH and N + NO ↔ N 2 + O mechanisms during biodiesel combustion however lead to the high NO emissions for the biodiesel surrogate relative to the n -heptane. The biodiesel may yield lower NO emissions than the petroleum diesel if the blending ratios for the biodiesel are adjusted such that speed of fuel conversion of biodiesel and petroleum diesel is same or the NO 2 + H ↔ NO + OH and N + NO ↔ N 2 + O mechanisms are suppressed during biodiesel combustion.
Cancer-specific nanoparticle mediated DNA delivery to human hepatocellular carcinoma using synthetic poly(BETA-amino ester) vectors

Purpose: To evaluate a single institutional experience with minimally invasive limited ligation endoluminal-assisted revision (MILLER) for treatment of dialysis access steal syndrome (DASS). Materials and Methods: Thirty-three patients (20 men and 13 women; average age 64.4 14.8 years) were retrospectively identified that underwent 46 MILLER procedures for dialysis access steal syndrome and high-output heart failure at our institution from March 2010 to September 2013. Technical success was defined by successful creation of MILLER band without complications. Clinical success was defined as no repeat interventions for 1 month after the initial banding procedure. Results: Technical success was achieved in all patients. Clinical success was reached in 91%. Primary patency rates of MILLER bands created in this study were 91% at 1 month and 76% at 6 months. Conclusion: MILLER banding is a suitable alternative for treatment of DASS.
The iron-titanium oxides of salic volcanic rocks and their associated ferromagnesian silicates

The co-existing microphenocrysts of magnetite and ilmenite together with the ferromagnesian silicates in salic volcanic rocks have been analysed with the electron microprobe. The temperatures and oxygen fugacities of the oxide equilibration have been estimated from the curves of Buddington and Lindsley (1965). The co-existing ferromagnesian silicate phenocrysts are either iron-rich olivine, or orthopyroxene or biotite and amphibole; for each of these groups of phenocrysts, the oxide equilibration data are specific and fall on three distinct curves, parallel to experimental oxygen buffer curves. Many of the investigated rhyolites were quenched at temperatures near 900°C, which may represent liquidus temperatures for those with sparse phenocrysts, and also the intrusion temperature of water-undersaturated granites. The composition of the biotite phenocrysts, which are Al-poor and Ti-rich, taken in conjunction with the oxide data, suggest that two Lassen dacites precipitated biotite at a water fugacity of approximately 400 bars. The composition of the later crystallizing ferromagnesian silicates, particularly the pyroxenes which show a wide range in Fe/Mg ratio, is strongly influenced by the prior crystallization of the oxide phases. If the biotite phenocrysts are typical of acid liquids, then they are incapable of generating by fractionation a peraluminous residual liquid; rather they would tend to make a liquid peralkaline.
Normal range of serum Amphiregulin in healthy adult human females.

Abstract Objectives Prior to large studies in breast cancer patients, we have sought to establish the normal range of a potential serum biomarker, Amphiregulin, in healthy women and to determine whether sampling during the menstrual cycle influences the detected Amphiregulin levels. Design and methods Serum Amphiregulin levels were quantified using a commercially available ELISA in 85 normal female donors. Results The range of circulating Amphiregulin was 0–4467 pg/mL. The majority of women had no detectable circulating Amphiregulin (n = 54), and only five women had levels exceeding 500 pg/mL. Serum Amphiregulin levels did not vary significantly during the menstrual cycle (n = 7 women). Conclusions Detection of circulating Amphiregulin in a significant minority of healthy women suggests that it may not have the specificity necessary for a population screening tool; however its potential utility for monitoring response to treatment or disease progression should be examined in breast cancer cases.