cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Communicating Effectively about Donation: An Educational Intervention to Increase Consent to Donation:

Context —Families’ refusal to consent to solid organ donation is a major contributor to the organ deficit in the United States. Previous research has identified organ procurement coordinators as best able to obtain consent from families; however, few studies have examined the effects of coordinator training programs on consent rates. Objective —To test the effects of the Communicating Effectively About Donation intervention on the rate of family consent to solid organ donation. Design —A nonrandomized repeated measures design. Setting and Participants —Participants included 17 hospitals, 502 donor-eligible patients and their families, and 22 coordinators from an organ procurement organ ization in Ohio. Intervention —Coordinators were given in-service training on the use of effective relational and affective communication techniques through a day-long interactive workshop and simulated donation scenarios. Main Outcome Measures —Families’ final donation decision and coordinators’ donation-related behaviors. Results —Training of coordinators was associated with increases in coordinators’ comfort speaking with patients’ families about donation and answering donationrelated questions, in the amount of time coordinators spent discussing donation with family members, and in the number of donation-related topics discussed with families. Consent rates increased from 46.3% to 55.5% after the intervention. Conclusions —The results suggest that improving coordinators’ communication skills may be a fruitful avenue for increasing the rate of family consent to dona tion; however, a more definitive test of the training is needed to confirm the inter vention’s effectiveness. ( Progress in Transplantation. 2009;19:000-000)
Superconducting magnetometry: a possible technique for aircraft NDE

Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers offer promise as multi- mode instruments capable of obtaining high resolution images of extremely low frequency injected currents or eddy currents, and they can be configured to image the magnetic susceptibility of titanium, aluminum, and nonmetallic composites. While high resolution SQUID magnetometers will generally be noisier than conventional SQUIDs, the small coils and reduced coil-to-source spacing more than compensate to provide low-noise, high- resolution images. To explore SQUID NDE, we have developed research facilities that include the high-resolution MicroSQUID magnetometer, a magnetic shield, a scanning stage, and a computer-based control and data acquisition system. Using this instrumentation, we have imaged magnetic fields produced by varied sources. In support of the experimental studies, we have developed analytical and numerical models for the simulation of flaws with several geometries inside thick and thin current-carrying plates and thin-walled tubes, and have demonstrated that two-dimensional magnetic images can be deconvolved into images of current or magnetization by filtering techniques, finite element models, lead field analyses, and maximum entropy methods.
examining the role of differential association and techniques of neutralization in explaining corporate crime

A limited number of studies have examined white-collar offending decision making patterns and virtually none have focused on testing Differential Association or Techniques of Neutralization theory in particular. This study evaluates the offending decisions of MBA students to commit corporate offending in the promotion/sales of a hypothetical pharmaceutical drug. The sample consisted of 133 MBA students enrolled at a university in the United States. Findings supported predictions that anticipated agreement of coworkers and the board of directors would be positively associated with decisions to further market and produce a hypothetical drug that was about to be recalled by the Food and Drug Administration. However, results also showed that the decision to commit corporate crime was inversely related to perceptions that close friends and business professors agree with the decision, which went against predictions based on differential association theory. Several neutralizing techniques—especially the beliefs ...
Omni-Wrist III - a new generation of pointing devices. Part I. Laser beam steering devices - mathematical modeling

Omni-Wrist III is a new sensor mount developed with U.S. Air Force funding that emulates the kinematics of a human wrist. Driven by two linear motors and computer controlled, it is capable of a full 180/spl deg/ hemisphere of pitch/yaw motion. A comprehensive laboratory testing of one of the few existing devices of this type, installed in the Laser Communications Research Laboratory at Binghamton University, has resulted in the establishment of a complete mathematical model relating pitch/yaw coordinates of the sensor mount to the motor encoder signals. This paper presents the development of the model that incorporates inverse and forward pose kinematics solutions as well as the dynamics of the novel gimbal-like pointing system.
Liberating services customers: The 21st century challenge

Liberating services customers is the business challenge of the 21st century. Many service organizations have organizational structures and processes that are better designed to control customers than to serve customers. Such structures and processes often result in poor services and sometimes they become disservices. Customers deserve to be liberated from such service structures and processes. Customers deserve better service! In this article, I examine four topics regarding liberating services customers. First, I explore a historical perspective on customers and on marketing. Second, I advocate enabling the customer century. Third, I explore customer co-creation and even technology-enabled co-creation. Fourth, I look at the implications of the customer perspective.
Muscular dystrophy meets the gene chip: new insights into disease pathogenesis.

The human genome project reached a major milestone earlier this year, with the completion of a rough draft of the sequence ([Pennisi 2000][1]). An accessible catalog of all human genes could greatly accelerate the pace of breakthroughs in medical research by allowing global analyses of gene
Antibiotics and Thyroid Size in Growing Chickens

Abstract The widespread use of antibiotics in poultry nutrition and therapeusis and the voluminous research literature in this field are too well known to require review. Most theories which attempt to explain the growth response which often results from antibiotic feeding are tied to the supposition that the antibiotic effect is somehow related to alteration of the numbers and/or types of intestinal microflora. The experimental evidence on this point is varied (see the reviews by Branion et al., 1953; Stokstad, 1954). Meites and Ogle (1951) reported that three crystalline antibiotics partially or completely overcame the growth inhibition induced by feeding thyroprotein to rats, but concluded that the “antithyrotoxic” effect was not due to direct antagonism between the antibiotics and thyroprotein. Maghrabi and Turner (1953) found, some evidence that aureomycin (50 mg./kg. of feed) depressed thyroid size slightly in young chickens. A recent report by Calesnick et al. (1954) indicated that antibiotics …
Equilibrium Properties of High-Temperature Air for a Number of Pressures

This paper presents compositions and thermodynamic properties for air in chemical equilibrium for a number of pressures and a range of temperatures. The temperature range of interest is from 300 to 30,000 K and the pressures covered are 1 x 10 -6 , 1 x 10 -4 , 1 x 10 -2 , 1, and 100 atm. Twenty-two species that can result from an original mixture of 21% O 2 ,78% N 2 , and 1% Ar are included in the analysis. The equilibrium composition is presented in terms of mole fractions. The thermodynamic properties presented are the constant-pressure specific heat, specific enthalpy, specific entropy, molecular-weight ratio, ratio of specific enthalpy to specific internal energy, ratio of frozen specific heats, ratio of equilibrium specific heats, and the isentropic index. Because a number of other investigators have obtained equilibrium-air properties over the years, another objective of this work is to make comparisons with these results. These comparisons are important so that the reader can see where the results agree and where they differ. The results presented here cover a wider range of conditions than those presented elsewhere for properties that are important for analyzing high-speed flight conditions.
Trading Robustness Requirements in Mars Entry Trajectory Design

One of the most important metrics characterizing an atmospheric entry trajectory in preliminary design is the size of its predicted lan ding ellipse. Often, requirements for this ellipse are set early in design and significantly i nfluence both the expected scientific return from a particular mission and the cost of developme nt. Requirements typically specify a certain probability level (�-level) for the prescribed ellipse, and frequently this latter requirement is taken at 3 �. However, searches for the justification of 3� as a robustness requirement suggest it is an empirical rule of thumb borrowed from non-aerospace fields. This paper presents an investigation into the sensi tivity of trajectory performance to varying robustness (�-level) requirements. The treatment of robustness as a distinct objective is discussed, and an analysis framework is presented i nvolving the manipulation of design variables to effect trades between performance and robustness objectives. The scenario for which this method is illustrated is the ballistic e ntry of an MSL-class Mars entry vehicle. Here, the design variable is entry flight path angl e, and objectives are parachute deploy altitude performance and error ellipse robustness. Resulting plots show the sensitivities between these objectives and trends in the entry fl ight path angles required to design to these objectives. Relevance to the trajectory designer i s discussed, as are potential steps for further development and use of this type of analysi s.
The Incoherence of the Moral ‘Ought’

Elizabeth Anscombe’s paper “Modern Moral Philosophy”1 seems clearly to have failed in its task. This might seem surprising, given that Kurt Baier describes the paper as “widely discussed and much admired”2 and Peter Winch has called one of its three theses “enormously influential”3 within moral philosophy. That such descriptions indicate failure rather than success, though, is evident from, among other things, the fact that in that paper Anscombe says that “moral philosophy... should be laid aside.”4 She wanted, presumably, to have an influence on moral philosophy, not to be influential within it, the influence she wanted to have being to stop this, in her view, unprofitable practice. Needless to say moral philosophy has continued despite the influence of and admiration for Anscombe’s paper that Baier and Winch describe.
What could underlie the trial-related signal? A response to the commentaries by Drs. Kleinschmidt and Muller, and Drs. Handwerker and Bandettini

Here we address two recent commentaries on our finding of an anticipatory trial-related signal that could not be predicted by concurrent electrode recordings. In addition, we offer a broad discussion regarding what our findings do and do not say about local neural activity underlying imaging signals.
Social Reproduction in Classrooms and Schools

Social reproduction theory argues that schools are not institutions of equal opportunity but mechanisms for perpetuating social inequalities. This review discusses the emergence and development of social reproduction analyses of education and examines three main perspectives on reproduction: economic, cultural, and linguistic. Reproduction analyses emerged in the 1960s and were largely abandoned by the 1990s; some of the conceptual and political reasons for this turning away are addressed. New approaches stress concepts such as agency, identity, person, and voice over the structural constraints of political economy or code, but results have been mixed. Despite theoretical and methodological advances—including new approaches to multilevel analysis and alertness to temporal processes—the difficult problem remains to understand how social inequality results from the interplay of classrooms, schools, and the wider society.
Overcoming mass-transfer limitations in partial hydrogenation of soybean oil using metal-decorated polymeric membranes

The conventional soybean oil hydrogenation process (metal catalyst on solid support particles slurried in oil, H2 bubbled through the oil) is compared with metal-decorated integral-asymmetric polyetherimide (PEI) membranes, as far as changes in temperature and pressure are concerned. Using metal-decorated polymeric membranes, H2 is supplied to the catalytic sites by permeation from the membrane substructure. As opposed to the slurry process, metal-decorated membranes show only slightly increased trans fatty acid (TFA) formation when the temperature is raised (50–90°C) to accelerate the process. This is likely due to the efficient and to some extent self-regulating H2 supply directly to the catalytic sites on the membrane skin. The hydrogenation rate and TFA formation of the metal-decorated membrane process show a minor dependence on pressure. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Plagiarism and Technology: A Tool for Coping With Plagiarism

In this study, the author evaluated an online plagiarism detec- tion system to determine whether (a) it would be practical to use in an acade- mic setting and (b) it would have an effect on student plagiarism. The author analyzed graduate student papers for plagiarism over the course of 5 semesters. Students in the last 3 semesters plagiarized significantly less than did students in the 1st semes- ter, suggesting that students' aware- ness of the system and its use by the instructor may have acted as a deter- rent to plagiarism. Results showed that the system was a viable means to detect and discourage plagiarism in an academic environment. The author provides conclusions, limitations, and recommendations for faculty use of a plagiarism detection system.
Breast feeding: a necessity for child health in the tropics.

Attention needs to be directed to the disappearance of human milk and to investing as much in terms of both funds and ingenuity in trying to develop programs to cope with this major nutritional retreat as is now invested in other programs designed to improve the problem of childhood malnutrition. Bottle feeding in the type of circumstances existing in rural and urban areas of resource-poor less developed countries is very difficult to undertake adequately due to small purchasing power defective environmental hygiene and low levels of maternal education. Under these circumstances infants usually receive dilute contaminated feeds containing homoeopathic doses of nutrients and massive quantities of bacteria. When breastfeeding is replaced by the necessarily inadequate bottle feeding found in developing countries nutrition deteriorates infections increase and pregnancies become more frequent closely spaced and risky. In order for bottle feeding to be successful in terms of producing satisfactory infant growth and survival there must be an adequate economic hygienic and educational infrastructure. The size of the public health problems associated with the availability or lack of availability of human milk is huge increasing and almost totally unappreciated. In less technically developed and resource-poor nations Bengoa (1974) estimated that there are 9.4 million cases of severe protein-calorie malnutrition annually. It is unknown how many are suffering from kwashiorkor or from marasmus. In the developed countries of the world there are over 11 million births annually and the partial or complete preventive effect of breastfeeding can also be very significant in these communities.
Virtual Reality: A Solution to Seamless Technology Integration in the AEC Industry

In order for VR applications to be successfully implemented in a complex industry such as construction, they must be part of a vertically integrated construction environment. Whether immersive or non-immersive techniques are used in the VR applications, users must be able to visualize design and construction information in 3D, photo-realistic, and interactive images. The user must also be able to interact with external applications at real-time, thus, allowing VR systems not only to be used as presentation tools, but also as a universal interface for all construction applications. Finally, construction professionals must be able to view, alter, test, etc. any function or part of the proposed design and at any stage of the project life cycle through the virtual space. Because of the magnitude and complexity of the construction projects, the traditional way of doing business in the construction industry is to divide the whole project into work packages according to well-established specialization. The work packages are assigned to specialty designers and contractors respectively. Although a system like this brings significant benefit to the industry, it also results in difficulties in communication and extensive collaboration among the participants of the project.
Good versus bad knowledge

Good and bad knowledge are modeled as taxonomic ontologies.A knowledge guided genetic algorithm is guided by the ontologies.Organisms are represented as decision trees.Good versus bad knowledge on a genetic algorithm mutating decision trees is tested.Results show bad knowledge has no effect while good knowledge can guide mutation. Good knowledge would be expected to help a knowledge-based algorithm more than bad knowledge. In this research, the precise effect of good versus bad knowledge on evolutionary algorithms is explored. The testable hypothesis of this paper is that good knowledge will have a significant effect on the evolutionary mutation process, whereas bad knowledge will have no significant effect. A knowledge-guided evolutionary algorithm is developed where ontologies, representing knowledge, are applied to the mutation process. Bad knowledge is represented as a randomly generated ontology, while good knowledge is represented by ontologies constructed with domain knowledge and following a formal ontology development process. Decision trees are evolved to solve a classification problem. Fitness is classification accuracy. The experiment is replicated over 2 data-sets from different domains with one being time-series, financial data and the other being wine data. As hypothesized, poorly constructed, or bad knowledge, has no effect while good knowledge is shown to have a significant effect. Bad knowledge, being random in character in these experiments, has understandably no impact on an already random mutation process. However, employing knowledge to guide the mutation process significantly constrains the traversal of the search space. Employing knowledge in an evolutionary algorithm has the potential to increase the efficiency and accuracy of evolutionary algorithms.
A Comparison of the Effects of Continuous versus Discontinuous Movement Patterns on Parkinsonian Rigidity and Reflex Responses to Passive Stretch and Shortening.

Objective: Quantify the effect of a continuous compared to discontinuous movement trajectory on parkinsonian rigidity and reflex responses to passive stretch and shortening. Methods: Eighteen participants with Parkinson’s disease (PD) performed passive wrist flexion and extension movements through a 90° range of motion at 50 °/sec using continuous (CONT) and discontinuous (DISC) movement trajectories. Participants were tested in both the OFF-MED and ON-MED states. Rigidity was quantified by rigidity work score and slopes of the moment-angle plots during both flexion and extension. Reflex response was quantified by mean EMG amplitudes of forearm musculature. Results: No differences were observed between CONT and DISC for rigidity (p = 0.18) or moment-angle plot slopes (Flexion: p = 0.97; Extension: p = 0.89). However, medication was associated with reductions in rigidity (p = 0.02) and increases in moment-angle plot slopes (Flexion: p = 0.03; Extension: p = 0.02). The CONT compared to DISC trajectory was associated with greater EMG amplitudes in the shortened muscles (p = 0.04) and smaller EMG ratios (p < 0.05) during flexion, and greater EMG amplitudes in the lengthened muscles (p = 0.02) during extension. Dopaminergic medication reduced EMG amplitudes in stretched muscles during extension (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The nature of the movement trajectory (continuous vs. discontinuous) used during clinical assessment does not alter the presentation of rigidity in PD. Rigidity is reduced with the administration of dopaminergic medication, independent of movement trajectory. Significance: These data suggest that the presentation of rigidity used in the determination of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in PD will not be affected by the continuous nature of the movement trajectory used during clinical assessment. Journal of Nature and Science (JNSCI), 2(8):e201, 2016.
Frequency offset estimation for 112 Gbit/s PDM-QPSK systems using sample autocorrelation functions

Frequency offset estimation using sample autocorrelation functions with lags from 1 to N is investigated experimentally for the transmission of a 112 Gbit/s PDM-QPSK signal over 1600–2400 km of non-zero dispersion shifted fiber.
Analogising Judaism and Islam: nineteenth- and twentieth-century German–Jewish scholarship on Islam

This paper focuses on one chapter of the history of Jewish–Muslim intellectual encounter by examining the work of three Jewish scholars of Islam: Gustav Weil, Ignac Goldziher and Ilse Lichtenstadte...
How Are Drugs Approved? Part 3. the Stages of Drug Development

The first article of this series on the drug development process described the historical evolution of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and last month's article reviewed the ethical foundations of clinical research. Before a new drug is marketed, a sequence of preclinical investigations and three phases of clinical studies are conducted. This drug development process involves the FDA, pharmaceutical companies (sponsors), clinical investigators, and institutional review boards. This article further describes this aspect of the drug development process.
Electronic–Photonic Co-Optimization of High-Speed Silicon Photonic Transmitters

System-level driven electronic–photonic codesign is the key to improving the bandwidth density and energy efficiency for high-speed silicon photonic links. In many data-communication scenarios, optical link power is dominated by its transmitter side including the laser source. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive co-optimization framework for high-speed silicon photonic transmitters utilizing compact models and a detailed optical simulation framework. Given technology and link constraints, microring and Mach–Zehnder transmitter designs are optimized and compared based on a unified optical phase shifter model. NRZ and PAM4 modulation schemes are analyzed and compared for microring-based transmitters at 50 Gb/s. Multistage and traveling wave Mach–Zehnder transmitters are optimized and discussed as well. The results show that, for a 50 Gb/s NRZ optical link, an optimized microring transmitter could save more than 60% of the total laser and driver power compared to an optimized Mach–Zehnder transmitter under equivalent photonic technology constraints. For a given datarate and receiver sensitivity, design tradeoffs of silicon photonic processes, devices, and architecture choices are discussed in depth. In addition, this paper introduces a new Simulink toolbox for transient optical simulation. Combined with the proposed optimization engine, it provides an electrooptical co-optimization approach toward truly energy-efficient high-speed silicon photonic links.
Accurate computations of Rashba spin-orbit coupling in interacting systems: From the Fermi gas to real materials

Abstract We describe the treatment of Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in interacting many-fermion systems within the auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo framework, and present a set of illustrative results. These include numerically exact calculations on the ground-state properties of the spin-balanced, attractive two-dimensional Fermi gas, as well as a study of a tight-binding Hamiltonian with repulsive interaction. These systems are formally connected via the Hubbard Hamiltonian plus SOC, but cover different physics ranging from superfluidity and triplet pairing to SOC in real materials in the presence of strong interactions in localized orbitals. We carry out detailed benchmark studies of the method in the latter case when an approximation is needed to control the sign problem for repulsive Coulomb interactions. The methods presented here provide an approach for predictive computations in materials to study the interplay of SOC and strong correlation.
Thyroid Autoantibodies Display both “Original Antigenic Sin” and Epitope Spreading

Evidence for original antigenic sin in spontaneous thyroid autoimmunity is revealed by autoantibody interactions with immunodominant regions on thyroid autoantigens, thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) A-subunit. In contrast, antibodies induced by immunization of rabbits or mice recognize diverse epitopes. Recognition of immunodominant regions persists despite fluctuations in autoantibody levels following treatment or over time. The enhancement of spontaneously arising pathogenic TSHR antibodies in transgenic human thyrotropin receptor/NOD.H2h4 mice by injecting a non-pathogenic form of TSHR A-subunit protein also provides evidence for original antigenic sin. From other studies, antigen presentation by B cells, not dendritic cells, is likely responsible for original antigenic sin. Recognition of restricted epitopes on the large glycosylated thyroid autoantigens (60-kDa A-subunit, 100-kDa TPO, and 600-kDa Tg) facilitates exploring the amino acid locations in the immunodominant regions. Epitope spreading has also been revealed by autoantibodies in thyroid autoimmunity. In humans, and in mice that spontaneously develop autoimmunity to all three thyroid autoantigens, autoantibodies develop first to Tg and later to TPO and the TSHR A-subunit. The pattern of intermolecular epitope spreading is related in part to the thyroidal content of Tg, TPO and TSHR A-subunit and to the molecular sizes of these proteins. Importantly, the epitope spreading pattern provides a rationale for future antigen-specific manipulation to block the development of all thyroid autoantibodies by inducing tolerance to Tg, first in the autoantigen cascade. Because of its abundance, Tg may be the autoantigen of choice to explore antigen-specific treatment, preventing the development of pathogenic TSHR antibodies.
Range extensions of three crayfishes ( Faxonius yanahlindus, F. placidus, and F. erichsonianus ) into Mississippi

We report 3 new state crayfish records from the Tennessee River drainage in Tishomingo County, Mississippi: 1 is a re-identification of previously published material, and 2 are from unpublished collections. Faxonius yanahlindus (Spinywrist Crayfish), recently described from the middle Tennessee River drainage in northwest Alabama and southern Tennessee, is closely related to F. spinosus (Coosa River Spiny Crayfish) and F. putnami (Phallic Crayfish). In light of the new species description, we re-examined crayfish collected in southern tributaries of the Tennessee River in northeast Mississippi that were previously identified as F. spinosus or F. putnami. We reassigned the specimens to F. yanahlindus, extending the species' range into northeast Mississippi. We also report new state records of 2 other crayfishes. Faxonius placidus (Bigclaw Crayfish) was collected from Whetstone Branch, a tributary of Pickwick Reservoir on the Tennessee River, and F. erichsonianus (Reticulate Crayfish) was collected from Cedar Creek, a tributary of Bear Creek in the Tennessee River basin.
Applications of an updated atmospheric energetics formulation

AbstractAs observations and atmospheric reanalyses have improved, the diagnostics that can be computed with confidence also increase. Accordingly, a new formulation of the energetics of the atmosphere is laid out with a view to advancing diagnostic studies of the Earth’s energy budget and flows. It is utilized to produce assessments of the vertically-integrated divergences in both the atmosphere and ocean. Careful conservation of mass is required, with special attention to the hydrological cycle and redistribution of mass associated with precipitation and evaporation, and a new method for ensuring this is developed. It guarantees that the atmospheric divergence is associated with moisture and precipitation, unlike previous methods. A new term, identified as associated with the enthalpy of precipitation, is included in a preliminary way. It is sensitive to the formulation, and use of temperature in degrees Celsius instead of Kelvin greatly reduces errors and produces the extra term with values up to about ...
Review of Peer review: Reform and Renewal in Scientific Publishing

Peer Review: Reform and Renewal in Scientific Publishing offers a useful overview of the processes of peer review in scholarly journal publication. The book is engaging and accessible. Peer Review provides helpful descriptions of different varieties of peer review, such as single blind, double blind, and open review, and describes challenges the practice faces. Peer Review misses its mark when it begins to suggest improvements for the peer review process. No automation or reviewer training will guarantee validity in publication.
Chapter 5 Application of C-glycosides in the total synthesis of (−)-gambierol

Summary To conclude, this chapter has not only described our total synthesis of the marine ladder toxin gambierol, but it has also described some of the detours that always come with total synthesis endeavors. This work has described a new subunit coupling strategy to poly cyclic ethers, led to novel syntheses of C -ketosides, and has helped to better understand the DMDO oxidation of cyclic enol ethers. Current investigations include the exploration of the biological properties of synthetic gambierol and analogues as well as the application of this coupling strategy to other marine poly cyclic ethers.
Culture Differences in Leadership

This paper is a study of the impact culture has on leadership. It gives a comprehensive review of cultural differences in leadership and emphasizes the importance of understanding cultural differences between countries by examining the work of Geert Hofstede and the GLOBE (Global Leadership Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness). In earlier studies, Bernard Bass (1990) pointed out the different units of analysis in the study of leadership and culture: within and among countries, organizations and groups. In addition, he underscored the importance of understanding cultural differences, between countries. Studies such as Hofstede’s and the GLOBE project have shown that the success of the work of one nation’s individual in another culture is dependent upon understanding cultural differences, including the variations among attitudes towards and the practice of leadership styles. This article is a summary of the study of leadership in different cultures. The globalization of many organizations and the increasing interdependence of nations make the understanding of culture and its influence on leadership increasingly important.
On the Presence of News in a Hybrid Model of the Yield Curve

This paper presents a 'hybrid' model of the yield curve that systematically incorporates the cross-equation restrictions of a structural dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model into an affine macro-factor model of interest rates. News, factors identified by interest rates that help to forecast future macroeconomic aggregates, are introduced into the modeling framework. Bayesian model comparison and classical likelihood ratio tests confirm the presence of news in the yield curve. Variance decompositions reveal that news shocks are responsible for a considerable amount of variation in yield curve factors. The Bayesian methodology provides a natural identification scheme for the various fundamental economic shocks and reveals the dimensions on which the structural model is misspecified. Interestingly estimated risk premia are found to vary much less over time when news shocks are included in the estimation.
A Behavioral Health Screening Measure for Use with Young Adults in Primary Care Settings

Many healthcare professionals argue that mental health assessment should be routinely incorporated into young adults' medical health care. This project is an evaluation of the Behavioral Health Screening Measure (BHSM) that could be integrated into a primary healthcare setting to aid in the identification of mental illness in young adults. First, Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis was used to calculate a cutoff score that distinguishes a sample of 134 young adult outpatients and 233 young adult nonpatients. Second, a sample of 120 young adults that completed BHSM was divided into two groups by using the cutoff score. Analyses suggested that the two groups had significantly different scores on various measures of depression, anxiety, and general well-being. Results suggest that BHSM would be a valid screening instrument for detecting emotional problems in young adults.
Grammar-based robot control

To allow a robot to function in unstructured environments, a control architecture should be flexible and should facilitate the creation and representation of arbitrarily complex sequences of actions. Such an architecture should also facilitate simple and natural interaction between a robot and its human collaborators. Human language has both representational flexibility and naturalness to human operators; in this paper we show how the structures of natural language can serve as the basis of an effective robot control architecture.
Behavioral Effects of Long-Term Neuroleptic Treatment in Cebus Monkeys

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) occurs in predisposed individuals receiving neuroleptic treatment, but prior to the onset of symptoms it is not possible to predict who is at risk for this disorder. If the time course for evolving symptoms, perhaps mediated through dopamine hypersensitivity, could be identified, treatment interventions could be initiated. Eight male Cebus monkeys (15–18 years old) were tested with the dopamine agonists apomorphine, d-amphetamine, bromocriptine, and pergolide before, during, and after 3 months of treatment with haloperidol 0.25 mg/kg daily PO. This treatment cycle was repeated four times. Apomorphine and amphetamine produced moderate buccolinguo-masticatory (BLM) signs. Bromocriptine and pergolide produced very few BLMs. Initially haloperidol suppressed dopamine agonist-induced BLMs, but tolerance to the effect developed and was replaced by a potentiation of apomorphine-induced BLMs. Markedly increased apomorphine- and amphetamine-induced BLMs were seen following the first 3 months of haloperidol medication (behavioral hypersensitivity), but this gradually decreased to near-baseline levels, even with re-exposure to neuroleptics in the four treatment cycles. Bromocriptine and pergolide produced no signs of BLM behavioral hypersensitivity. These findings suggest that long-term neuroleptic treatment in nonhuman primates induces dynamic compensatory CNS changes, which may not fully explain the pathogenesis of TD on the basis of dopamine hypersensitivity.
The Effect of Seasonal Factors on Geological Interpretation of MSS Data

Temporal variations are considered to be important factors in their effects on remotely sensed image data and discrimination analysis of the images as a basis for geologic interpretation. Some systematic temporal factors may be corrected by instrument adjustment but random and stochastic factors are not necessarily systematic. However, statistical methods can be used to determine the effect of the stochastic temporal factors. In this study, 29 MSS subscenes from northern Lincoln County, Nevada images were obtained and nine different lithologies were sampled. Two linear statistical models related to the stable background and seasonal factors were constructed and tested. The results suggest that (1) the band brightness values resulting from different lithologies are statistically different; (2) the seasonal effects do exist in a statistical sense; (3) the seasonal factors are such that the bands show higher values in summer and fall, but lower in winter and spring; (4) the seasonal effects are consistent within the four MSS bands for any given lithology area; and (5) the seasonal factors are consistent for different types of lithology within any given MSS band. These results provide statistical support for lithological classification using remotely sensed data.
Rachid O.’s Homosexual Awakening: The Allegorical Representation of the Blond-Haired, Blue-Eyed French Boy

Navarro-Ayala analyzes Rachid O.’s narrative Chocolat chaud (1998), where the childhood allegory about the blond-haired, blue-eyed French boy shows how photography and television produce Rachid’s affective experience. He traces a progression based on the senses of sight, touch, and taste. Whereas Rachid’s intimate moments initially remain confined to the domestic sphere, seeing Noe’s photograph for the first time awakens his desire to touch the image; subsequently, he succeeds in possessing a copy of the blond boy’s image at home. Navarro-Ayala argues that not all travels need be tangible in order to facilitate homosexual awakening, as the young protagonist materializes his homosexual fantasy with boys of his own age and develops homosexual agency by skillfully manipulating his internalization of the cultural contexts around him.
Super-Absorbing Metamaterials Using Epsilon-Near-Zero Plasma Resonance

Metamaterials of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) and dielectric layer structures are investigated for wideband light absorption in the wavelength range from 1 to 2 micron. Increasing the number of ENZ-dielectric layers results in wider absorption band.
Dating Clinopyroxene Phenocrysts in Submarine Basalts Using ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar Geochronology

Dating submarine basalts using ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar geochronology is often hindered by a lack of potassium‐bearing phenocrystic phases and severe alteration in the groundmass. Clinopyroxene is a common phenocrystic phase in seafloor basalts and is highly resistive to low‐temperature alteration. Here we show that clinopyroxene phenocrysts separated from marine basalts are a viable phase for ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar incremental heating age determinations. We provide results from a pilot study comprising 16 age experiments from nine clinopyroxene separates, five of which from samples with dated coeval phases. The clinopyroxene ages range from 11.5 to 112 Ma with relatively high uncertainties (ranging from 0.8% to 7.1%; median of 1.9%) compared to more traditional phases. The clinopyroxene age plateaus form at low to moderate temperature steps and are characterized by relatively elevated K/Ca of 0.002–0.4, suggesting that other K‐bearing phases hosted within the clinopyroxene are likely degassing to yield the ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar age information. There are three possible origins for the K and corresponding ^(40)Ar* including films of trapped melt/nanomineral inclusions along grain defects, secondary melt inclusion bands, or variations in degassing behaviors between lower and higher crystalline Ca pyroxene phases. Regardless of the source of the K, the age determinations are successful with 75% of the experiments producing long plateaus (>60% ^(39)Ar released) with mean square of the weighted deviations ranging from 0.6 to 1.5 and probability of fit values >0.05. We conclude that clinopyroxene dating by the ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar method has the potential to provide a wealth of information for previously undated, altered seafloor lithologies and continental equivalents.
The Long March into Clinical Practice: Cardiac CT and Its Competitors

In the early twentieth century, control of infectious diseases, increasing longevity, and poor lifestyles resulted in chronic diseases becoming the major cause of disability and death. By the 1920s, coronary artery disease (CAD) became the leading cause of death in the United States. As treatments emerged to treat CAD, it became important to develop means for identifying those patients at risk for developing the disease and its complications. Initial diagnostic work in this regard was initiated even prior to the advent of exercise electrocardiography. In the 1920s, Master developed his famous “two-step” stress test, which allowed physicians to assess patients’ functional capacity in a semiquantitative manner and to provoke angina symptoms through physical activity. In the 1950s, treadmill testing was implemented, and in 1963, Robert Bruce published his protocol for performing graded multistage treadmill exercise with electrocardiographic monitoring, a protocol that is still used today. This development of the Bruce protocol treadmill exercise was timely since the 1960s saw the introduction of cardiac catheterization and coronary bypass surgery. With this dramatic new treatment option, a need emerged to accurately identify those patients who were at risk for cardiac events and thus potential beneficiaries of coronary artery bypass surgery.
Water plays a diverse role in a hydrogen-bonded, hexameric supramolecular assembly

The interactions between water and a hexameric resorcin[4]arene assembly formed in wet chloroform are examined by molecular dynamics simulations of the diffusion coefficients. It is found that the water diffusion coefficients provide a route to understanding the degree of water association with the assembly. The simulated diffusion coefficients are in excellent agreement with prior measurements and the diffusion data are well described by a simple adsorption model. This analysis demonstrates that a significant number of waters are encapsulated within the assembly or hydrogen-bonded to its exterior, consistent with and elucidated by a direct examination of the water molecules in the simulations.
Obesity in Resource-Poor Nations

Obesity is increasing in resource-poor nations at an alarming rate. Obesity is a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and high-risk pregnancy. The combination of obesity and its concomitant diseases affects more women than men. Obesity places a large burden on an already thinly stretched health system that creates a public health challenge. Given faster population growth, increased urbanization, and lifestyle changes, an epidemic of obesity is expected in resource-poor nations within the next decade. Diet, exercise, medication, and weight-loss surgery are methods of weight reduction, but cultural and public health considerations must be assessed when implementing these various methods of weight loss.
From Revanchism to Inclusion: Institutional Forms of Planning and Police in Hyde Park, Chicago:

Planning and policing are two critical racial projects in the racial state. Planning scholars’ understanding of the police usually focuses on the police violently removing people from urban space, ...
Value Frameworks in Oncology: Comparative Analysis and Implications to the Pharmaceutical Industry.

Background As the cost of oncology care continues to rise, composite value models that variably capture the diverse concerns of patients, physicians, payers, policymakers, and the pharmaceutical industry have begun to take shape. Objectives To review the capabilities and limitations of 5 of the most notable value frameworks in oncology that have emerged in recent years and to compare their relative value and application among the intended stakeholders. Methods We compared the methodology of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Value Framework (version 2.0), the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Evidence Blocks, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center DrugAbacus, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review Value Assessment Framework, and the European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale, using a side-by-side comparative approach in terms of the input, scoring methodology, and output of each framework. In addition, we gleaned stakeholder insights about these frameworks and their potential real-world applications through dialogues with physicians and payers, as well as through secondary research and an aggregate analysis of previously published survey results. Results The analysis identified several framework-specific themes in their respective focus on clinical trial elements, breadth of evidence, evidence weighting, scoring methodology, and value to stakeholders. Our dialogues with physicians and our aggregate analysis of previous surveys revealed a varying level of awareness of, and use of, each of the value frameworks in clinical practice. For example, although the ASCO Value Framework appears nascent in clinical practice, physicians believe that the frameworks will be more useful in practice in the future as they become more established and as their outputs are more widely accepted. Conclusions Along with patients and payers, who bear the burden of treatment costs, physicians and policymakers have waded into the discussion of defining value in oncology care, as well as pharmaceutical companies that seek to understand the impact of these value frameworks on each stakeholder, as they model the value and financial threshold of innovative, high-cost drugs.
Rapid Heating of Silicon Carbide Fibers under Radio Frequency Fields and Application in Curing Preceramic Polymer Composites.

Silicon carbide (SiC) fibers are widely used as a reinforcement in ceramic matrix composites due to their high mechanical strength and superior thermal resistance. Here, we investigate the rapid ra...
FASER and the Search for Light and Weakly Interacting Particles

For decades, the leading examples of new physics targets at particle colliders were particles with TeV-scale masses and \(\mathcal{O}(1)\) couplings to the standard model. More recently, however, there is a growing and complementary interest in new particles that are much lighter and more weakly coupled. I review the motivations for this shift and the importance of renormalizable portals. I then present FASER, a proposed LHC experiment that is specifically designed to discover light and weakly interacting particles, including those that interact through renormalizable portal interactions.
Anatomy of Positive Leadership: Authentic, Principled and Service Oriented

Leadership research in the twentieth century has mainly focused on industrial paradigm of leadership characterized by a hierarchical structure of authority and responsibility manifesting in a command and control model of leadership, with an individualistic focus on the personality of the leader—one person directing other people for materialistic, utilitarian ends. Over the last several decades, we have seen the inherent limitations of this approach to leadership. It is too narrowly focused and ignores the fund of creativity and diversity available at the disposal of any organization. More so, it leads to moral ineptitude, untrustworthiness, and self-centeredness on the part of its leaders. If twentieth century was characterized by leadership theories influenced by industrial revolution paradigm; in the twenty-first century, we have spiritual revolution guiding us toward leadership approaches that are humane and are anchored in the leader’s moral compass.