cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural Characterization of a Sol−Gel-Prepared Anhydrous Proton-Conducting Electrolyte

We have prepared a hybrid inorganic/organic, anhydrous proton-conducting polymer electrolyte (MePEG3SiO3)n. Structural characterization of this MePEG3 polymer through 29Si NMR spectroscopy and gel-permeation chromatography indicates that our MePEG3 polymer is composed of several different structures giving a distribution of molecular weights and silicon resonances. In this article, we show that the sol−gel-prepared MePEG3 polymer is primarily composed of incompletely condensed T8 silsesquioxane clusters. These incompletely condensed T8 clusters are seen in the 29Si NMR spectra at chemical shifts between −62 and −70 ppm. The minority composition of the MePEG3 polymer contains a small amount of completely condensed T6 silsesquioxane clusters, observed at −55.5 ppm, and T2 dimers from −48 to −50 ppm. End-group analysis shows the presence of 0.67 uncondensed Si−OH groups per silicon atom in the MePEG3 polymer, supporting the presence of incompletely condensed or ladder-type structures. The completely condense...
Oxidative detoxication of thallium in the yeast mitochondria.

When yeast cells are grown in thallium-containing broth, the thallium ion is oxidized in the mitochondria to Tl2O3. This oxide is subsequently discharged from the mitochondria and finally excreted from the protoplast.
Newborn offspring of a schizophrenic parent: cardiac reactivity to auditory stimuli.

Heart rate level and phasic responses to auditory stimuli were recorded in a total of 39 newborn offspring with one schizophrenic parent and compared to those of 82 newborns with no family history of a schizophrenic disorder as well as to those of 48 newborns with a possible family history of A schizophrenic disorder. Newborns were tested for 31/2 hrs on the second and, again, on the third postnatal day, and the data were analyzed in relation to a number of prenatal variables. Results indicated a significant interaction between diagnostic group and the level of maternal delivery medication for the change in heart rate level during the second, but not the third, postnatal day. The possible validity of this finding is discussed, and reasons for the failure to obtain more definitive heart rate differences between these groups of newborns are considered.
Errata: a formal basis for architectural connection

We present corrections to a previously published article which appeared in ACM Transaction on Software Engineering and Methodology 6, 3 (July 1997), pp. 213–249
Intravitreal Autologous Bone Marrow CD34+ Cell Therapy for Ischemic and Degenerative Retinal Disorders: Preliminary Phase 1 Clinical Trial Findings

Purpose. Because human bone marrow (BM) CD34+ stem cells home into damaged tissue and may play an important role in tissue repair, this pilot clinical trial explored the safety and feasibility of intravitreal autologous CD34+ BM cells as potential therapy for ischemic or degenerative retinal conditions.
L‐Deprenyl in the Treatment of Mild Dementia of the Alzheimer Type: Results of a 15–Month Trial

Objective: To examine the cognitive and behavioral effects of L-deprenyl in persons with mild dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) over a 15-month period. Design: A 15-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial using a parallel-group design. Participants: 39 subjects with mild DAT (CDR 1) selected using NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Outcome Measures: A battery of neuropsychological tests and clinical rating scales. Results: The placebo and L-deprenyl subjects were similar at baseline on the clinical and neuropsychological tests. The total score on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was significantly less after 15 months in subjects taking L-deprenyl. The only individual item of the BPRS which differed between groups was disorientation. There was no evidence of a L-deprenyl effect on any other clinical or neuropsychological measure after 2, 8, or 15 months. Conclusion: L-deprenyl did appear to have a slight effect on a single measure of psychopathology, the BPRS. It did not have a measurable impact on any other measure of behavior or cognitive function over a 15-month period in this group of subjects with mild DAT and did not appear to slow the progression of the disease.
Neural Network based downscaling of Building Energy Management System data

Building Energy Management Systems (BEMSs) are responsible for maintaining indoor environment by controlling Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems in buildings. Buildings worldwide account for a significant portion of world energy consumption. Thus, increasing building energy efficiency through BEMSs can result in substantial financial savings. In addition, BEMSs can significantly impact the productivity of occupants by maintaining a comfortable environment. To increase efficiency and maintain comfort, modern BEMSs rely on a large array of sensors inside the building that provide detailed data about the building state. However, due to various reasons, buildings frequently lack sufficient number of sensors, resulting in a suboptimal state awareness. In such cases, a cost effective method for increasing state awareness is needed. Therefore, this paper presents a novel method for increasing state awareness through increasing spatial resolution of data by means of data downscaling. The presented method estimates the state of occupant zones using state data gathered at floor level using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The presented method was tested on a real-world CO2 dataset, and compared to a time based estimation of CO2 concentration. The downscaling method was shown to be capable of consistently producing accurate estimates while being more accurate than time based estimations. Keywords—Data Downscaling, Building Automation, Artificial Neural Networks, Building State Awareness
Adolescent sexual strategies

Purpose: The aim of this study has been to survey adolescents' strategies to promote sexual encounters and to compare those used by males and females. We examined the predictions that sexual strategies of young adolescents are fewer and less adult-like and that those of male adolescents are more coercive. We also examined the predictions from evolutionary psychology that suggest in sexual strategies, males communicate emotional involvement, long-term interest, and resource investment, whereas females communicate sexual availability and fertility. Methods: The sample consisted of 153 African-American, white, Chinese-American, and Mexican-American adolescents. A strategy inventory was developed and mention of strategies by males and females were compared. Results: Significant gender differences in mention of strategies were found. Males mentioned a higher percentage of coercive strategies such as pressuring and raping as well as a higher percentage of strategies such as lying and getting a partner drunk or high. Males and females both mentioned a higher percentage of strategies communicating commitment and investment. Females mentioned more strategies which signaled sexual availability. Adolescent strategies were fewer than those reported by adults and less focused on appearance enhancement and the intricacies of dating. Conclusions: Findings suggest the need for special targeting of coercive situations, use of sexual strategies as a prompt for counterstrategies aimed at abstinence, use of sexual strategies as a context for condom use promotion, and reinforcement of female preparatory strategies.
Laser frequency dependent kinetics of the cw CO2 laser induced reaction of CF2HCl and theory of the laser frequency effect

Abstract Kinetics of the decomposition of CF 2 HCl at 40 torr by a cw CO 2 laser have been studied for laser frequencies from 1057 to 1086 cm -1 . At constant translational temperature the change in the reaction rate constant with laser frequency over the frequency range is a factor of 25 000, considerably larger than in any compound studied to date and corresponding to a change in vibrational temperature of 30%. An explanation and phenomenological model of the effect is described which involves the cooling of translational modes associated with vibrational intramode equilibration.
Genetic complexity of EHV-1 defective interfering particles and identification of novel IR4/UL5 hybrid proteins produced during persistent infection.

This study examined the genetic complexity of three equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) defective interfering particles (DIP) and found the DIP genomes to range from 5.9 kbp to 7.3 kbp in total size. Each DIP contains an identical 5′ end (∼1.9 kb) that harbors UL3 and UL4 genes that are 100% identical to those of the infectious virus. DIP2 and DIP3 contain a previously described unique IR4/UL5 (EICP22/EICP27) hybrid gene (Hyb1.0). The DIP1 genome, however, appears to be generated from a different recombination event which results in the formation of a new distinct hybrid ORF. The new ORF (Hyb2.0) is comprised of 684 bp from the 5′ end of IR4 fused to 45 bp from the 3′ terminus of UL5. In contrast to Hyb1.0, the UL5 sequences present in Hyb2.0 are not in-frame. Thus, the Hyb2.0 protein is comprised of 228 residues from IR4 linked to a sequence of 15 amino acids that result from a frameshifted reading of UL5 sequences. Western blot analysis confirmed that the Hyb2.0 ORF is expressed during persistent infection to produce a family of proteins that migrate at 36–42 kDa. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that both Hyb proteins display diffuse cytoplasmic localization patterns dissimilar to the nuclear localization patterns of both IR4 and UL5. Neither Hyb protein, however, disrupts the nuclear entry of the EHV-1 immediate-early, IR4, or UL5 proteins or cellular TATA box binding protein (TBP) previously shown to interact with both IR4 or UL5 in productive infection. DIP genomic segments (∼3.5–5.0 kbp) downstream of the 100% conserved origin of replication are highly variable among the three DIP genomes and contain large areas of repetitive sequences. The possibility that the non-coding sequences play a role in viral interference and/or persistent infection remains to be determined.
Tensors from K3 orientifolds

Recently Gimon and Johnson and Dabholkar and Park have constructed type I theories on K3 orbifolds. The spectra differ from that of type I on a smooth K3, having extra tensors. We show that the orbifold theories cannot be blown up to smooth K3{close_quote}s, but rather {bold Z}{sub 2} orbifold singularities always remain. Douglas{close_quote}s recent proposal to use D-branes as probes is useful in understanding the geometry. The {bold Z}{sub 2} singularities are of a new type, with a different orientifold projection from those previously considered. We also find a new world-sheet consistency condition that must be satisfied by orientifold models. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Affinity‐seeking in developing relationships

Subjects in fully developed friendships reported greater overall use of affinity‐seeking strategies and the use of a greater variety of different strategies than subjects in new acquaintances, deterioration‐save, or deterioration‐end friendships. Additionally, the strategies fully developed friendship subjects reported being more likely to use reflected increased depth and personalness, uniqueness and other‐orientation, and ease and comfort of communication in these relationships. Differences between new acquaintances and both types of deteriorating friendships were also noted.
Element‐by‐element vector and parallel computations

Vector and parallel algorithms for finite-element analysis using the element-by-element (EBE) data structure are developed. The algorithms are based on the EBE approach in conjunction with gradient-type iterative solution. The essential idea is to exploit the independent dense local-element matrix-vector calculations and reconfigure them to take advantage of vector or parallel processing capabilities. The ideas also are well suited to finite-element adaptive refinement computations. Specific algorithmic details related to the implementations are given, together with results of speed-up performance studies conducted on the vector and parallel architectures. The basic vector and parallel versions of the matrix-vector product for the EBE scheme are very straightforward modifications of the EBE algorithm, requiring little coding change.
Does duration of political control matter? Interstate differences in branch-banking laws

This study began by trying to explain differences in state branch-banking regulations. Introducing a variable that captures the effect of political dominance over time improves upon the commonly used measures of political dominance at a specific point in time. Even the direct comparison with the previously used percentage point-in-time variables shows that duration of political influence matters significantly. No matter which party is in control, the length of time it has been in control in a state influences political outcomes. We show that, in terms of which kind of legislation will be enacted, Democratic and Republican control exert equal but opposite effects on legislative results. In other words, length of control matters independently of party affiliation, but party affiliation affects the nature of the outcome of the political process.
Validating the historical record: a relative distance test and correction formula for selection bias in presettlement land surveys

Presettlement land surveys have been used throughout North America to reconstruct forest characteristics prior to major Euro-American settlement. The bearing tree record derived from these surveys is an example of a distance-based ecological inventory lacking strict selection rules. Such inventories pose a problem of potential selection bias if the nearest individuals are not always selected. The possibility of bias presents a major impediment to compositional analysis from bearing tree proportions. This article presents a modification to distance-based tests and correction formulas that utilize the corner-to-tree distances recorded in the General Land Office (GLO) and similar surveys. The proposed modification consists of replacing absolute with relative corner-to-tree distances to remove the effects of density variation. Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to assess the validity, power and effectiveness of the modified test and correction formula. The modified test is found to be robust in most forests that vary in density and aggregation pattern, but exhibits some statistical bias when density and composition vary simultaneously at local scales. The correction formulas accurately reflect the direction of surveyor bias, and adjusted estimates are consistently closer to the true values than unadjusted estimates. Based on a range of simulation results, upper bound limits on the effects of selection bias can be estimated. Application to the GLO bearing tree records for the state of Minnesota indicates that Minnesota surveyors favored Pinus resinosa, P. strobus and Quercus spp. and avoided five taxa including Salix spp. and Alnus spp. The magnitude of bias appears to be small, however, with an estimated upper bound of 5–6% dissimilarity between biased and unbiased bearing tree selection, some of which may be explained by size differences among taxa.
Some uses of microcomputers in number theory research

Abstract The development of number theory has been influenced greatly by the use of computers. Although many of these computers were comparatively large and fast when they were used, most of the work they did could have been done by modern microcomputers. This paper describes several ways microcomputers could have been used and can be used to aid research in number theory. Since this article updates a recent survey article of H. C. Williams on the influence of computers in the development of number theory, it discusses only a few problems such as factoring integers, testing integers for primality and Waring's problem.
A system for studying ‘target-finding’ by schistosome miracidia and other motile organisms

Die Infektionshaufigkeit durch Miracidien vonSchistosoma mansoni in empfindlichen «Ziel»-Schnecken in gradlinigen Kanalen war stark vermindert, wenn empfindliche oder unempfindliche Schnecken als Koder zwischen «Ziel» und Eintrittsstelle der Miracidien eingesetzt wurden.
Effects of fungal degradation on the CuO oxidation products of lignin: A controlled laboratory study

Duplicate samples of birch wood were degraded for 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks by the white-rot fungus, Phlebia tremellosus, and for 12 weeks by 6 other white-rot and brown-rot fungi. P. tremellosus caused progressive weight losses and increased the H/C and O/C of the remnant wood by preferentially degrading the lignin component of the middle lamellae. This fungus increased the absolute (weight loss-corrected) yield of the vanillic acid CuO reaction product above its initial level and exponentially decreased the absolute yields of all other lignin-derived phenols. Total yields of syringyl phenols were decreased 1.5 times as fast as total vanillyl phenol yields. Within both phenol families, aldehyde precursors were degraded faster than precursors of the corresponding ketones, which were obtained in constant proportion to the total phenol yield. Although two other white-rot fungi caused similar lignin compositional trends, a fourth white-rot species, Coriolus versicolor, simultaneously eroded all cell wall components and did not concentrate polysaccharides in the remnant wood. Wood degraded by the three brown-rot fungi exhibited porous cell walls with greatly reduced integrity. The brown-rot fungi also preferentially attacked syringyl structural units, but degraded all phenol precursors at a much slower rate than the white-rotters and did not produce excess vanillic acid. Degradation by P. tremellosus linearly increased the vanillic acid/vanillin ratio, (Ad/Al)v, of the remnant birch wood throughout the 12 week degradation study and exponentially decreased the absolute yields of total vanillyl phenols, total syringyl phenols and the syringyl/vanillyl phenol ratio, S/V. At the highest (Ad/Al)v of 0.50 (12 week samples), total yields of syringyl and vanillyl phenols were decreased by 65% and 80%, respectively, with a resulting reduction of 40% in the original S/V. Many of the diagenetically related compositional trends that have been previously reported for lignins in natural environments can be explained by white-rot fungal degradation.
S=1 kagomé Ising model with triquadratic interactions, single-ion anisotropy and magnetic field: exact phase diagrams

Abstract We consider a S =1 kagome Ising model with triquadratic interactions around each triangular face of the kagome lattice, single-ion anisotropy and an applied magnetic field. A mapping establishes an equivalence between the magnetic canonical partition function of the model and the grand canonical partition function of a kagome lattice-gas model with localized three-particle interactions. Since exact phase diagrams are known for condensation in the one-parameter lattice-gas model, the mapping directly provides the corresponding exact phase diagrams of the three-parameter S =1 Ising model. As anisotropy competes with interactions, results include the appearance of confluent singularities effecting changes in the topology of the phase diagrams, phase boundary curves (magnetic field vs. temperature) with purely positive or negative slopes as well as intermediate cases showing non-monotonicity, and coexistence curves (magnetization vs. temperature) with varying shapes and orientations, in some instances entrapping a homogeneous phase.
An exploratory procedure for identifying influential subgroups in linear regression

In some linear regression problems samples may be unwittingly drawn from a population that is heterogeneous in respect to intercept. For such problems, an exploratory method is developed to identify influential subgroups of a heterogeneous population. Discriminant analysis is used to characterize, interpret and validate subgroups. Four criteria are proposed to select a set of influential subgroups, which are then used in estimating a linear regression model. The method is illustrated through analysis of real data on political violence.
Retention and Transport of Nitrate and Ammonium in Loamy Sand Amended with Clinoptilolite Zeolite

AbstractAgricultural soils of southern New Mexico, especially sand and sandy loams receiving numerous nitrogen (N) fertilizations, are prone to leaching large amounts of N to shallow groundwater. A...
Adult Intramedullary Ewing Sarcoma of the Proximal Hip

Ewing sarcoma of bone is classically a permeative lesion in the diaphysis of long bones in children. While they occur primarily in children and adolescents, they can be seen in young adults in their 20s, but these are typically seen in flat bones. The permeative nature of the lesion can elicit new bone formation creating a partially sclerotic appearance, cortical expansion presenting as a “Codman triangle,” or have an “onion-skin” type of aggressive periosteal reaction/periostitis. Ewing sarcoma is rarely seen without an associated soft-tissue mass and is even rarer to just have benign-appearing periostitis (e.g., thick, uniform, or wavy cortex). We present such a case of Ewing sarcoma in a young adult confined to just the medullary metadiaphysis without cortical erosion or soft-tissue mass. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported in the radiology literature.
Something That Works in Juvenile Justice An Evaluation of the North Carolina Court Counselors' Intensive Protective Supervision Randomized Experimental Project, 1987-1989

Recently, the state of North Carolina has supported a randomized experimental project designed to provide intensive supervision services for undisciplined youths (status offenders or youths referre...
Neuropathic gait shows only trends towards increased variability of sagittal plane kinematics during treadmill locomotion

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral neuropathy (PN) are at greater risk of falling and of suffering injuries during falls. It has been hypothesized that PN leads to changes in gait variability that may account for this increased risk. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the variability of the sagittal plane kinematics of diabetic neuropathic (NP), diabetic non-neuropathic (NNP) and age- and weight-matched control subjects (Control) during motorized treadmill walking at constant speed. While there were distinct trends towards increased variability within the three diagnostic groups (NP > NNP > Control) for several measures of gait variability, most of these trends were not statistically significant. We hypothesize that motorized treadmill walking may be inherently less variable than overground walking and that statistical measures of variability may not be sufficient to fully characterize stride-to-stride variability in human locomotion.
Cytotoxicities of the l and d isomers of phenylalanine mustard in L1210 cells

Abstract The cytotoxicity of d -phenylalanine mustard (medphalan) to murine L1210 leukemia cells in culture was reduced by both the d and l isomers of leucine. l -Leucine only partially protected L1210 cells from medphalan cytotoxicity at drug concentration's above 10 μM, suggesting that medphalan uptake occured via both an amino acid carrier and an as yet undetermined agency, possibly passive diffusion. At equitoxic concentrations of l -phenylalanine mustard (melphalan) and medphalan, l -leucine reduced medphalan cytotoxicity by only one-sixth that obtained with melphalan. Analysis of melphalan and medphalan inhibition of the initial rate of l -leucine transport indicated a melphalan K i of 0.085 mM, a value one-seventh that of melphalan ( K i , 0.635 mM).
Single rodent mesohabenular axons release glutamate and GABA

The lateral habenula (LHb) is involved in reward, aversion, addiction and depression through descending interactions with several brain structures, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The VTA provides reciprocal inputs to LHb, but their actions are unclear. Here we show that the majority of rat and mouse VTA neurons innervating LHb coexpress markers for both glutamate signaling (vesicular glutamate transporter 2; VGluT2) and GABA signaling (glutamic acid decarboxylase; GAD, and vesicular GABA transporter; VGaT). A single axon from these mesohabenular neurons coexpresses VGluT2 protein and VGaT protein and, surprisingly, establishes symmetric and asymmetric synapses on LHb neurons. In LHb slices, light activation of mesohabenular fibers expressing channelrhodopsin2 driven by VGluT2 (Slc17a6) or VGaT (Slc32a1) promoters elicits release of both glutamate and GABA onto single LHb neurons. In vivo light activation of mesohabenular terminals inhibits or excites LHb neurons. Our findings reveal an unanticipated type of VTA neuron that cotransmits glutamate and GABA and provides the majority of mesohabenular inputs.
Introduction to the special issue on teenage pregnancy prevention programs: A joint effort with the Office of Adolescent Pregnancy Programs, Department of Health and Human Services

Welcome to the Journal of Children and Poverty's first special issue. The topic of the special issue, teenage pregnancy prevention programs, is one that is important from both a policy and public h...
Damping-off of Swiss Chard, Caused by Rhizoctonia solani, in California

In California, various leafy vegetables are planted at extremely high seeding rates (up to three million seed per acre), grown to the four- to eight-leaf stage, then mechanically clipped and bagged for market as "spring mix" or "baby leaf" salad products. The crops are planted in separate strips, usually four to 16 beds of each, and include Japanese mustard (Brassica campestris subsp. nipposinica), red mustard (Brassica juncea subsp. rugosa), tah tsai (Brassica campestris subsp. narinosa), multiple lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars, spinach (Spinacia oleracea), arugula (Eruca sativa), and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla). In 1997 and 1998, severe damping-off disease of Swiss chard was observed in the Salinas Valley (Monterey County). Symptoms on emergent plants consisted of wilting, brown necrosis of crown tissue, and eventual death of seedlings. Because of the high plant density, disease incidence increased rapidly, affecting large numbers of plants. Rhizoctonia solani was isolated consistently from symptomatic plants. Pathogenicity was tested by placing agar plugs of representative isolates adjacent to crowns of potted Swiss chard at the two- to four-leaf stage. Brown stem necrosis and plant collapse occurred within 5 days after inoculation, and R. solani was reisolated. Control plants, inoculated with sterile agar plugs, did not develop disease. Tests were repeated and results were similar. Anastomosis group testing revealed that all five isolates belonged to AG3 (1). For California, this appears to be the first documentation of damping-off of Swiss chard caused by R. solani. Reference: (1) B. Sneh et al. Identification of Rhizoctonia Species. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1991.
Housing market capitalization of thermal integrity

Abstract The extent to which housing markets capitalize investments in energy efficiency is important to observe. The uncertainty now associated with this process can lead households to allocate resources inefficiently in the production of thermal comfort, by substituting more fuel inputs for less capital. From a policy perspective, the end result of this is the continued construction of units in the housing stock with sub-optimal levels of energy efficiency. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of houses constructed through the Energy Efficient Housing Demonstration Program of the Minnesota Housing Finance Agency. Values of investments in energy efficiency are derived from a hedonic regression which includes a vector of thermal integrity factors as an independent variable.
Vibrational anharmonicity constants for PuF6

Abstract The fundamental vibrations of PuF 6 cluster in two distinct group-vibrational, near-local modes at 589±50 cm −1 for the stretching modes and 195 ± 15 cm −1 for the bending modes. This clustering results in a corresponding “bunching up” of the density of states. One of the consequences of this behavior is that “hot band” absorption intensity pools into stronger absorption features appearing shifted at regular intervals from the fundamental. This observed structure in the 16μm region for PuF 6 has been interpreted to yield values for two empirical anharmonicity constants X 3 j ( j = 1, 2, 3) and X 3 k ( k = 4, 5, 6).
Detection of intrauterine growth retardation in twins using individualized growth assessment: I. Evaluation of growth outcome at birth.

The growth of 17 sets of twins was evaluated at 2 to 3 week intervals from 15 weeks to delivery by measurement of the head circumference, abdominal circumference, and thigh circumference, and estimation of weight. The birth characteristics of these twins were compared to those predicted by Rossavik growth models, derived from second-trimester ultrasound measurements, using the Growth Potential Realization Index (GPRI) and by comparison to population standards. Newborns were classified as normal or intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) based on their Neonatal Growth Assessment Score, determined from GPRI values. All normal twins had birth weights that were appropriate-for-gestational-age and had few abnormal birth measurements. The birth weight differences between normal twin fetuses were all 20%. No single anatomic parameter evaluated at birth adequately separated the normal twins from those with IUGR. These results indicate the need for multiple parameter Individualized Growth Assessment in the detection of IUGR in twins. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Does eNOS stand for erythrocytic NO synthase

Kleinbongard and colleagues provide provocative and compelling evidence that erythrocytes possess a functional endothelial NO synthase isoform that regulates intravascular NO bioavailability and nitrite levels. Hemoglobin reacts with nitric oxide (NO) in a nearly diffusion-limited dioxygenation
Hemorrhagic Neisseria gonorrhoeae conjunctivitis in an Adolescent Female

Gonococcal conjunctivitis in adults is rare; however, over the past two years there have been reports of cases from the military and an outbreak of ten cases in Miami, where urine was used as therapy for hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Reported here is the case of a sixteen-year-old female who developed hemorrhagic conjunctivitis that grew Neisseria gonorrhoeae . With the increase in sexual activity at younger ages, gonococcal conjunctivitis may become more prevalent in this age group.
Hydrolysis study of organic acid anhydrides by differential thermal analysis--II. Maleic anhydride and trimellitic anhydride.

Abstract Differential thermal analysis has been used to follow the hydrolysis of maleic anhydride (MA) and trimellitic anhydride (TMA). On exposure of MA to an atmosphere of 96 % relative humidity, maleic acid is produced, hydrolysis being complete in 21 hr at 22°, but no hydrolysis occurs at a relative humidity of 50%. When exposed to an atmosphere of 96% relative humidity, TMA is quite stable for short periods, but hydrolyses slowly, the production of trimellitic acid being complete in 113 hr at 22°.
The international environment for adjustment in developing countries

Abstract The international disequilibrium of the 1970s imposed on developing countries a burden of adjustment out of all proportion to their degree of responsibility for the imbalances incurred. The application of traditional stabilization programmes resulted, in a number of cases, in severe disruption of development. There was, moreover, a perverse distribution of the burden of adjustment, the poorest countries suffering most. A number of changes in international policy and practice are required to avoid a repetition of this experience. In particular, special provision is needed for cases in which deficits are largely of external origin, involving more adequate IMF financing at low conditionality so as to permit a stretching out of the period of adjustment.
Spin combustion in the nickel-silicon system

The combustion synthesis of five Ni-Si phases was investigated. Without preheating, samples corresponding to the initial stoichiometries Ni3Si, Ni5Si2, Ni3Si2, and NiSi sustained a self-propagating combustion mode which advanced in a spin mode. With preheating (> 500 °C), the sample combusted in a steady-state mode. Average combustion wave velocities and frequencies of spin showed maxima at a composition of 33 at % Si. The combustion temperature showed a maximum at a composition in the range of 33–40 at%. In contrast, the ignition temperature showed a minimum at a composition of 33 at%. X-ray analyses showed that in all cases, the product of combustion was multi-phase with the primary phase corresponding to the initial stoichiometry of the reactant.
Pulmonary and peripheral vascular factors are important determinants of peak exercise oxygen uptake in patients with heart failure

Abstract Objectives. This study was conducted to determine the relations among exercise capacity and pulmonary, peripheral vascular, cardiac and neurohormonal factors in patients with chronic heart failure. Background. The mechanisms of exercise intolerance in heart failure have not been fully clarified. Previous studies have indicated that peripheral factors such as regional blood flow may be more closely associated with exercise capacity than cardiac function, whereas the role of pulmonary function has received less attention. Methods. Fifty patients with stable heart failure underwent a comprehensive assessment that included a symptom-limited maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test, right heart catheterization, pulmonary function tests, neurohormonal levels, radionuclide ventriculography and forearm blood flow at rest and alter 5 min of brachial artery occlusion. Univariate and stepwise linear regression analyses were used to relate peak exercise oxygen uptake to indexes of cardiac, peripheral vascular, pulmonary and neurohormonal factors both alone and in combination. Results. The mean ejection fraction was 19% and peak oxygen uptake was 16.5 ml/min per kg in this group of patients. By univariate analysis, there were no significant correlations between peak oxygen uptake and rest cardiac output, pulmonary wedge pressure, ejection fraction and pulmonary or systemic vascular resistance. In contrast, even in the absence of arterial desaturation during exercise, the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (r = 0.55, p Conclusions. In comparison with rest indexes of cardiac performance, measures of pulmonary function and peripheral vasodilator capacity were more closely associated with peak exercise oxygen uptake in patients with heart failure, Furthermore, the associations were independent of each other and together accounted for 50% of the variance in peak oxygen uptake. These data suggest that pulmonary and peripheral vascular adaptations may be important determinants of exercise intolerance in heart failure.
Conners' Teacher Rating Scale for preschool children: a revised, brief, age-specific measure.

The Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale--Revised is one of the most commonly used measures of child behavior problems; however, the scale length and the appropriateness of some of the items on the scale may reduce the usefulness of the CTRS for use with preschoolers. In this study, a Graded Response Model analysis based on Item Response Theory was applied to the CTRS data from 669 preschool children. Children in this data sample ranged in age from 25 to 74 months, 44.4% were identified as African American, 45.4% Caucasian, 10.2% other. The sample was 53.7% boys and 46.3% girls. A revised version of the scale was developed specifically for use with preschool children. Five items each for the Inattention, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, and Opposition scale were included in the revised scale. The revised scales significantly reduce the time needed for teachers to complete the measures while retaining the scales’ ability to discriminate children with different levels of behavioral problems.
Medication Errors: Analysis Not Blame

This article summarizes current knowledge regarding neonatal medication errors and explicates the key concepts of human error and system error. A case report illustrates the sources of error. Medication error analysis must go beyond the blaming of individuals for active errors and explore the latent errors that exist in a complex health care environment. Using correct language to describe and define medication error may facilitate the development of a nonpunitive culture and enable effective evaluation of the causes of error.
Eunomius of Cyzicus and Gregory of Nyssa: Two Traditions of Transcendent Causality1

L'affirmation de Dieu comme createur de l'univers joue un role fondateur dans la theologie chretienne. Meme a Nicee, la foi a reaffirme cette doctrine. Une comparaison entre Eunomius de Cyzique et Gregoire de Nysse montre que cette conception de Dieu comme createur n'est pas perdue apres Nicee, mais sert de cadre pour les questions trinitaires. En fait, les deux theologies trinitaires opposees d'Eunomius et de Gregoire trouvent leur expression dans les cosmologies disponibles a cette epoque. Dans le debat trinitaire, on concevait Dieu comme prioritaire sur le Fils et le cosmos
Superfluid-insulator transition of strongly interacting fermi gases in optical lattices.

We study a quantum phase transition between fermion superfluid (SF) and band insulator (BI) of fermions in optical lattices. The destruction of the band insulator is driven by the energy gain in promoting fermions from valance band to various conducting bands to form Cooper pairs. We show that the transition must take place in lattice height ${V}_{o}/{E}_{R}$ between 2.23 and 4.14. The latter is the prediction of mean-field theory while the former is the value for opening a band gap. As one moves across resonance to the molecule side, the SF-BI transition evolves into the SF--Mott-insulator transition of bosonic molecules. We shall also present the global phase diagram for SF-insulator transition for the BCS-BEC family.
Housing Needs of Persons with HIV and AIDS in New York State

Abstract Objective: To understand the scope and magnitude of housing needs among persons with HIV/AIDS in New York State. Design: Both housing providers and non-housing providers were identified through state-wide lists and regional resource guides. All identified housing providers and a random sample of identified non-housing providers, by region, were approached. Interviewers conducted telephone interviews with qualified representatives from each organization. Respondents: All major providers of HIV/AIDS housing services (n = 144) and a random sample of other providers of HIV/AIDS services (n = 87) were interviewed. Variables Under Study: Data that were gathered included: agency profiles, client demographics, and clients' need for and use of housing services. Results: One-third of housing agency clients were either homeless or living in a welfare hotel, while one-tenth of non-housing agency clients lived under such conditions. Nearly one-third of all clients were living doubled-up, and half had problems...
Alkylation of 2-methoxynaphthalene with propylene oxide using titanium molecular sieves

Abstract The alkylation of 2-methoxynaphthalene (2-MN) with propylene oxide (PO) to form an intermediate for the synthesis of naproxen is investigated using molecular sieves that do not contain Bronsted acid sites. Titanium-containing, pure-silica beta (Ti-BEA) is shown for the first time to allow the title reaction to proceed. At low temperatures (ca. below 423 K) Ti-BEA alone does not have sufficient activity to promote the alkylation. However, when Ti-BEA is treated with compounds that can ligate the framework Ti-sites, e.g., perfluoro- tert -butanol or pentafluorophenol, an active solid is achieved. The reaction products are an O-alkylated product (I) and four C-alkylated products; 1-(2-methoxy-1-naphthyl)-2-propanol (II) , 2-(2-methoxy-1-naphthyl)propanol (III) , 1-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-2-propanol (IV) and 2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propanol (V) . The C-alkylated products show a preference for the 2,6-isomers and catalysis can occur in the presence of poisons too large to enter the porous solid. These results reveal the presence of intracrystalline active sites. The presence of pentafluorophenol causes titanium to be leached from Ti-BEA that is not active for alkylation at lower temperatures. However, at 423 K the leached titanium is active and significantly contributes to the observed product yields. This leaching is increased with longer reaction time and with increasing amount of pentafluorophenol.
Simulation of the atmospheric thermal circulation of a martian volcano using a mesoscale numerical model

Mesoscale (<100 km) atmospheric phenomena are ubiquitous on Mars, as revealed by Mars Orbiter Camera images. Numerical models provide an important means of investigating martian atmospheric dynamics, for which data availability is limited. But the resolution of general circulation models, which are traditionally used for such research, is not sufficient to resolve mesoscale phenomena. To provide better understanding of these relatively small-scale phenomena, mesoscale models have recently been introduced. Here we simulate the mesoscale spiral dust cloud observed over the caldera of the volcano Arsia Mons by using the Mars Regional Atmospheric Modelling System. Our simulation uses a hierarchy of nested models with grid sizes ranging from 240 km to 3 km, and reveals that the dust cloud is an indicator of a greater but optically thin thermal circulation that reaches heights of up to 30 km, and transports dust horizontally over thousands of kilometres.
Isoflavones, flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, total phenolic profiles, and antioxidant capacities of soy milk as affected by ultrahigh-temperature and traditional processing methods.

The objectives of this work were to assess antioxidant activities and phenolic compounds of soy milk as affected by traditional and ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) processing. Three soybean varieties were processed into raw soy milk and then cooked soy milk by indirect and direct UHT methods (both at 143 °C for 60 s) and traditional cooking (stove cooking and steam injection) methods (both at 100 °C for 20 min). Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), phenolic acids, isoflavones, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanins were quantified. DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were analyzed. As compared to the raw soy milk, all thermal processing significantly (p < 0.05) reduced TPC values and significantly (p < 0.05) increased TFC values for all soybean varieties. All processing methods significantly (p < 0.05) increased DPPH and FRAP values in the soy milk processed from yellow soybean varieties Proto and IA 203...
Leaf Appearance Rate and Final Leaf Number of Switchgrass Cultivars

In switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), maximum yields occur with late flowering genotypes that have an extended duration of vegetative growth. However, little is known about the developmental basis for a long vegetative growth phase in perennial grasses. Studies were carried out on the leaf development of five switchgrass cultivars with varying flowering times (Cave-in-Rock, Caddo, Kanlow, NC2, and Alamo) to provide inputs for crop simulation models and to determine if a long duration of vegetative growth was associated with a reduced rate of leaf appearance or a high final leaf number. The studies were carried out in the field at College Station, TX, (30°38'N, 96°20'W), during 1994 and 1995. Thirty tillers emerging in spring were tagged and visible leaves were recorded weekly until panicles emerged. Final leaf numbers were recorded on the flowering tillers which had emerged in spring and after a June defoliation. Tillers of all cultivars emerged in March and panicles emerged during a 2-mo period from May to July. Final leaf number of spring-emerging tillers of all cultivars ranged from nine to 11, whereas summer-emerging tillers flowered after seven leaves had appeared. The phyllochron [growing degree days (GDD) between the appearance of two successive leaves] for all cultivars increased with advancing leaf number. High average phyllochron values (GDD base 10°C) were associated with late panicle emergence and a long duration of vegetative growth. Cave-in-Rock, the earliest flowering cultivar, averaged 79 GDD per leaf and required 634 GDD to attain panicle emergence, while Alamo, the latest to flower, averaged 152 GDD per leaf and required 1777 GDD to attain panicle emergence. A slow rate of leaf appearance was identified as the primary developmental trait associated with a long duration of vegetative growth in switchgrass.
The cognitive machinery of power: Reflections on Valeri's The Forest of Taboos

As Judith Butler has emphasized, for Michel Foucault power is both external to the subject and the very venue of the subject, intrinsic to the formation of the self. Valerio Valeri's studies of the Huaulu, an egalitarian society of forest dwellers on a remote Indonesian island, help to disentangle these two aspects of power. Foucault often cautioned that his analysis of the history of European systems of thought made no claims to universality, but scholars working in the Foucauldian tradition have seldom ventured outside Europe. Valeri's analysis of Huaulu taboo clarifies and contextualizes Foucault's insights into the formative nature of power and offers new insights into the cognitive foundations of consumer capitalism, [cosmologies of capitalism, repressive regimes, taboo, potlatch, subject formation, consumer society, Frankfurt School, commodity fetishism]
Diffusion and chemi-desorption rate coefficients from desorption transient measurements

Abstract The rates of gas release from a solid which is subjected to a linear temperature increase, i.e. desorption transients, have been computed assuming bulk diffusion to be the rate controlling process. The sample shapes considered are those of a sphere, a cylinder of infinite length, and a plane sheet of infinite extension. The assumed activation energies of diffusion range from 5 to 60 kcal/mole while D 0 / a 2 β lies between 10 −4 and 10 +11 (time −1 ), a being the radius of the sphere, or the cylinder, or the half-thickness of the plane sheet The results are presented in a form suitable for simplified curve fitting of experimental data. Based on this procedure, one can normally distinguish single or uncomplicated diffusion processes from simple surface desorptions; the rate controlling steps in composite processes, however, can usually be identified only if additional experimental criteria are used.
Metaknowledge may or may not facilitate knowledge and performance

Metaknowledge may not always facilitate acquisition of knowledge or performance of complex tasks. A pigeon, for example, depending on the task, can report what it is doing even if it cannot perform the task well, and it can fail to report what it is doing when it performs the task well (Shimp 1982; 1983).
Modeling of Acoustic Detection of Ultrasound Contrast Agents Using COMSOL

Ultrasound contrast agents are used in the imaging of blood vessels and detection of cardiovascular diseases. Ultrasound scattering from microbubbles is simulated using COMSOL. Differences between free and adherent microbubbles are studied