cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurite Outgrowth Is Enhanced by Anti-Idiotypic Monoclonal Antibodies to the Ganglioside GM1

Abstract Exogenously added gangliosides enhance sprouting, neurite outgrowth, and other neuronal activities; this effect may be initiated when a ganglioside binds to a membrane protein or when a ganglioside intercalates into the plasma membrane. To test whether binding to membrane proteins is sufficient for ganglioside-mediated activity, anti-idiotypic antibodies were generated that mimic the functional binding sites of the ganglioside GM1 as described by M. J. Riggott and W. D. Matthew (1996, Glycobiology,6,581–589). These anti-idiotypic antibodies are proteinaceous probes that model the biochemical and biological effects of gangliosides. Those anti-idiotypic ganglioside (AIG) monoclonal antibodies (mAb's) were selected based on their ability to bind a known GM1 binding protein, the β-subunit of cholera toxin. These studies described neuronal cell surface proteins that were identified by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting using these AIG mAb's. Here we show that AIG mAb's mimic the functional properties of GM1 in that they facilitate neurite outgrowth from central and peripheral nervous system neurons inin vitrobioassays. In addition, AIG mAb binding modulates second messenger activity, suggesting that membrane protein binding alone is sufficient to invoke intracellular activation. The similarity in the pattern of protein tyrosine phosphorylation evoked by GM1 and the anti-idiotypic ganglioside antibodies suggests that the AIG mAb's modulate neurite outgrowth in a manner similar to that of GM1. Because antibodies cannot intercalate into the plasma membrane, these results suggest that the ganglioside GM1 can mediate neuronal cellular activity by binding to cell surface proteins.
DEVELOPMENT, FRENCH NEOCOLONIALISM, AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE TUBUAI ECONOMY

The contemporary structure of the rapidly modernizing Tubuai economy (French Polynesia) is examined and it is argued that specific local structures, notably a strong subsistence-oriented productive sector and a system of collective (Familial) land holding, are not 'traditional' vestiges of the past, but are actively integrated components of the modern rural household economy. Their functions and utility to islanders are generated as external, neocolonial inputs and interact with local conditions and islanders' own goals and priorities. These internal structures plaj a significant role in negotiating islanders' particular adaptation to integration into the French/Territorial capitalist economy and to externally-planned 'welfare and subsidy-oriented' agricultural development programs. Over the last twenty-five years the island of Tubuai, a part of France's Overseas Territory (French Polynesia), has been the target of extensive modernization programs sponsored by the Territorial/French government. These 'welfare and subsidy-oriented' development programs, the outgrowth of French neocolonial interests in the region, are aimed at promoting the cultivation of European cash crops and improving islanders' standard of living (Joralemon 1986; Thompson and Adloffl971). Prior to the implementation of these programs in the early 1960s, Tubuai was isolated from the Territorial center in Papeete. Islanders made their living as subsistence-based taro farmers and fishermen who occasionally sold small amounts of fresh produce to passing schooners (Aitken 1930; Cook 1976). Today, many islanders hold government-subsidized wage jobs and island farmers export over 700 tons of potatoes annually to Papeete markets. Within the Territory Tubuai is known as a 'wealthy5 rural outer-island; new economic opportunities have generated a high standard of living, as well as entrenched patterns of western-style consumerism and profit motivation. Interestingly, the Tubuai economy, like most peasant economies, continues to be characterized by a number of stable 'traditional' features (i.e., features of the pre-market economy) which Territorial development officials consider to be both inconsistent with, and a hindrance to, the rapid development of commercial agriculture and a 'modern' (i.e., western) economy. The two outstanding examples of this are a collective or familial system of land tenure (only 14% of all land is private property) and a strong, household subsistence production sector. Related to the latter is the minimal development of an internal island market (inter-household market exchange). Most families are predominantly self-sufficient in local crops, vegetables, and fish, and purchase only limited quantities of imported foods from the island's two Chinese-operated general stores.
Influence of Nearshore Till Lithology on Lateral Variations in Coastline Recession Rate Along Southeastern Lake Michigan

Abstract Retreat of coastal bluffs around margins of the Great Lakes is a continuing process. Despite the positive correlation which exists between lake level and recession rates, considerable lateral variation in rates is typical of many coastal areas, while causes of this spatial variation are not well understood. Detailed examination of a 10 km segment of Lake Michigan shore near the town of Glenn, Michigan, suggests that lateral variations in the lithology of Pleistocene drift are directly correlative with spatial variations in recession rates. High recession rates and concave shorelines occur along segments composed of either outwash sand or sandy till which contains gravel up to 2 cm in diameter as the coarest clast size. Conversely, low rates and the occurrence of convex shoreline segments are related to exposures of bouldery till. The exact nature of the relationship between bouldery till and the low recession rates is ambiguous. Features observed along this area suggest two non-mutally exclusive possibilities: 1) during erosion, bouldery till develops flat gently sloping wave-cut benches in the upper shore face; and 2) erosion of this coarse till results in the development of upper shoreface surfaces covered with large boulders. Both features may serve to attenuate wave energy in the nearshore zone. In either case, lateral varition in the recession rates near Glenn is greatly influenced by the lithology of glacial drift exposed in bluff faces and the nearshore areas.
Regulation of mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene expression in a macrophage-like cell line: synergistic induction by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and cAMP.

The ability of the promotor/enhancer region of the mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene to respond to various stimuli was studied. This region was subcloned into multiple fragments and these were inserted in front of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene on an expression vector, pBLCAT3. These ODC/CAT constructs were transfected into a mouse macrophage-like cell line, RAW264. The transfected cells were stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, 8-bromo cAMP or both followed by analysis of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity. Optimal inducible chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression was obtained when sequences from −90 to + 12 (with respect to the transcriptional start site) were tested in cells treated with a combination of lipopolysaccharide and 8-bromo cAMP. A putative cyclic AMP response element located at -48 was altered by site-directed mutagenesis but these alterations did not diminish activity in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and 8-bromo CAMP.
Sulfolenoporphyrins: synthons for refunctionalization of porphyrins

Abstract Using sulfolenopyrroles ( 4 ) and ( 11 ) methods are developed for the synthesis of opp- ( 15 , 18 , 19 ) and adj- ( 25 ) bis-sulfolenoporphyrins; such compounds are useful building blocks for the refunctionalization of the porphyrin system, and readily undergo Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions.
Occludin Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination Regulate Tight Junction Trafficking and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-induced Permeability

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) alters tight junctions (TJs) and promotes vascular permeability in many retinal and brain diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of barrier regulation are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that occludin phosphorylation and ubiquitination regulate VEGF-induced TJ protein trafficking and concomitant vascular permeability. VEGF treatment induced TJ fragmentation and occludin trafficking from the cell border to early and late endosomes, concomitant with increased occludin phosphorylation on Ser-490 and ubiquitination. Furthermore, both co-immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry demonstrated that VEGF treatment increased the interaction between occludin and modulators of intracellular trafficking that contain the ubiquitin interacting motif, including Epsin-1, epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15 (Eps15), and hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs). Inhibiting occludin phosphorylation by mutating Ser-490 to Ala suppressed VEGF-induced ubiquitination, inhibited trafficking of TJ proteins, and prevented the increase in endothelial permeability. In addition, an occludin-ubiquitin chimera disrupted TJs and increased permeability without VEGF. These data demonstrate a novel mechanism of VEGF-induced occludin phosphorylation and ubiquitination that contributes to TJ trafficking and subsequent vascular permeability.
Transient Analysis of Cryogenic Liquid-Hydrogen Storage Tank with Intermittant Forced Circulation

This paper presents the transient analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in a zero-boil-off cryogenic storage tank of liquid hydrogen. The system includes a tank with a cylindrical wall and oblate spheroidal top and bottom, a heat pipe located along the symmetric axis of the tank, and an active circulator consisting of a pump-motor assembly and a spray nozzle. Whenever the maximum temperature inside the tank reaches the boiling point under the working pressure in the tank, the pump is activated to create a forced flow at the nozzle to cool down the heated fluid. After a preset interval of 1 h, the pump is shut down and goes on standby until the maximum temperature reaches its threshold again, and then the pump starts a new cycle. The transient simulation allows the visualization of flow-field and temperature distributions, as well as the computation of maximum and mean temperatures of the fluid in various stages of the pump cycle. This information reveals insights into the characteristics of the stored liquid hydrogen and can assist in optimizing the location of temperature sensors, which provide input to the control system.
Landscape distribution and characteristics of large hurricane-related canopy gaps in a southern Appalachian watershed

Abstract Hurricane-related winds are a major source of disturbance in coastal ecosystems of the southern United States, but their effects on forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains, >400 km inland, have seldom been documented. In October 1995, remnant winds of Hurricane Opal caused windthrow of individual and patches of trees throughout the mountainous region of western North Carolina, USA. The 2-day storm event was accompanied by over 150 mm of precipitation and gusty, predominantly southeasterly winds with peak velocities at low elevations of up to 26 m/s; peak velocities were over 40% greater at high elevations. In a landscape-scale case study, we spatially located the population of large canopy gaps (groups of ≥10 windthrown trees) within a 2400 ha watershed to determine frequency of occurrence on basin and highland landscape types, dimensions, association with topographic features, and direction of treefall as a measure of wind vectors. The distribution of large gaps was not random within the watershed and occurred at an average density of 1 per 39 ha in the basin (elevation 700 m) of high relief and soils with low clay content. Gaps on both landscape types occurred with greater frequency on sites of southeasterly aspect. Sizes of large canopy gaps ranged from 0.1 to 3.9 ha (average 0.7 ha) and were not correlated with landscape type or topography. Gap shape tended to be linear and averaged 2.3 times longer than wide. Direction of mean treefall among gaps was predominantly northwesterly and was strongly associated with aspect on highland, but less so in basin landscape types. Variation in mean treefall direction among gaps suggests that gaps were created by individual gusts of high-velocity, linear winds. A logistic discriminant model based on elevation, azimuth, and slope gradient correctly classified 78% of the study sites. However, gap size and association with topographic features were similar between basin and highland landscapes. Although the southern Appalachian Mountain region is over 400 km from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, results from our study suggest that strong winds from hurricane remnants can influence forest structure, with greater impacts on basin than highland landscapes.
Resistance of commercial crucifers to the harlequin bug in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina.

Commercial varieties of the family Cruciferae were evaluated for resistance to Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) during 1970–72. Cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, collards, Brussels sprouts, kohl rabi, and most radish varieties were resistant, with cabbage varieties having the highest degree of resistance. Mustard, turnip, kale, rutabaga, Chinese cabbage, and 1 radish were susceptible. Chinese cabbage and mustard varieties had the highest degree or susceptibility. Resistance seemed to be of the preference or non-preference type.
Relaxation and Musical Programming as Means of Reducing Psychological Stress During Dental Procedures

Relaxation and musical programming as techniques designed to reduce stress during operative dental procedures were evaluated with a number of different measures. The results indicate that relaxation is an effective method of reducing patient anxiety. However, the results with musical programs suggest that music, at best, results in a placebo effect. This effect is similar to that of administering an inactive drug that produces beneficial effects in some patients some of the time. Relaxation appears to be a consistent method of reducing stress. Although the relaxation technique is preferred more by women that by men, it is effective with both sexes.
Measurement of some basic parameters in two-phase annular flow

The vertical upflow of air-water mixtures in the dispersed-annular flow regime has been studied in a ¼ × 3-in. rectangular channel. Dye injection into the wall film was used to determine film and gas core properties along with the rate of droplet interchange between the core and the film. Visual observations demonstrated that the most important characteristic of this flow regime is the surface waves generated by the gas flow over the liquid film. Despite the surface waves, these data indicate that the liquid film approximately follows the generalized u+ — y+ relationship for turbulent pipe flow. The droplet motion is discussed in terms of transverse diffusion and momentum transfer.
Negative inclination anomalies from the Medicine Lake Highland Lavas, Northern California

Paleomagnetic directions have been determined for 21 flows of Quaternary age from the Medicine Lake Highlands in northern California. The mean direction for the area is I = 49.3° and D = 3.8° with an α95 of 5.4°. The corresponding mean VGP is located at 78.0°N and 42.4°E, a point which is offset 12° to the far, right-handed side of the rotation axis from the sampling site. The results here indicate only order of magnitude agreement with proposed models for offset poles. Together with other data from western United States there is an indication that large-scale regional field variations produce the observed inclination anomalies.
Lateral line system of fish

The lateral line is a sensory system that allows fishes to detect weak water motions and pressure gradients. The smallest functional unit of the lateral line is the neuromast, a sensory structure that consists of a hair cell epithelium and a cupula that connects the ciliary bundles of the hair cells with the water surrounding the fish. The lateral line of most fishes consists of hundreds of superficial neuromasts spread over the head, trunk and tail fin. In addition, many fish have neuromasts embedded in lateral line canals that open to the environment through a series of pores. The present paper reviews some more recent aspects of the morphology, behavioral relevance and physiology of the fish lateral line. In addition, it reports some new findings with regard to the coding of bulk water flow.
Excess enthalpies of (ethanol+water) at 323.15, 333.15, 348.15, and 373.15 K and from 0.4 to 15 MPa

Abstract We report accurate measurements of H m E for (ethanol + water) at 323.15, 333.15, 348.15, and 373.15 K and from 0.4 to 15 MPa with our new high-temperature and high-pressure flow calorimeter. Results at 333.15 K and 0.4 MPa indicate that the mixture has an interesting double minimum with H m E changing sign twice. We recommend that (ethanol + water) be developed as a reference mixture for testing flow calorimeters at high temperatures and pressures.
Optical spectroscopy of Cr3+ in ScF3 and Sc2O3

Abstract We have obtained the absorption, excitation, and emission spectra, and the emission decay measurements for Cr 3+ in the compounds ScF 3 and Sc 2 O 3 . Both of these materials have sixfold coordinated metal sites that are available for substitution by Cr 3+ . From the analysis of the broadband spectra and the zero-phonon lines, we have derived information about the a 1 g , e g and the odd-parity intensity-enabling coordinates. The quenching behavior of the Cr 3+ luminescence is also explored. Finally, we discuss the effect of the next nearest neighbor cations on the crystal field splitting of Cr 3+ .
A function-to-task process model for adaptive automation system design

Abstract Adaptive automation systems allow the user to complete a task seamlessly with a computer performing tasks at which the human operator struggles. Unlike traditional systems that allocate functions to either the human or the machine, adaptive automation varies the allocation of functions during system operation. Creating these systems requires designers to consider issues not present during static system development. To assist in adaptive automation system design, this paper presents the concept of inherent tasks and takes advantage of this concept to create the function-to-task design process model . This process model helps the designer determine how to allocate functions to the human, machine, or dynamically between the two. An illustration of the process demonstrates the potential complexity within adaptive automation systems and how the process model aids in understanding this complexity during early stage design.
Origins of peripheral B cells in IL-7 receptor-deficient mice

Abstract The interleukin 7 (IL-7) signaling pathway is critical for early lymphoid differentiation. We found dramatic perturbations in fetal liver B cell development and confirmed a complete absence of developing B cells in the adult bone marrow in mice lacking the IL-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Rα) gene. We show that peripheral B-2 and B-1 cell populations are deficient in IL-7Rα−/− mice. B-2 follicular cell and peritoneal B-1 cell percentages are reduced, while B-2 marginal zone cell percentages are increased. A comparison of bone marrow and splenic populations at different ages revealed that the splenic B cell populations seen in adult IL-7Rα−/− mice first appear during neonatal development. We have measured N-nucleotide addition at the joints of V(D)J rearrangements in splenic B cells and have used it as a somatic marker to define and separate bone marrow-derived B cells from fetal liver-derived B cells. B cells isolated from the bone marrow and spleen of adult and neonatal IL-7Rα-deficient mice harbor high levels of N-nucleotide additions similar to those found in equivalent wild-type B cell populations. We conclude that the majority of splenic B cells in IL-7Rα-deficient mice originate from the bone marrow and not the fetal liver.
Effect of fatigue damage on the dynamic response frequency of spot-welded joints

Abstract The effect of fatigue damage on the dynamic natural frequency response was studied over the entire fatigue life process for tensile-shear spot-welded joints. The results of the experimental study showed that the changes to the specimens’ natural frequency varied non-linearly with the cycle ratio or damage fraction, and that relatively large changes in the natural frequency could be measured near the end of the fatigue life.
A proteomic survey of rat cerebral cortical synaptosomes

Previous findings from our laboratory and others indicate that two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) can be used to study protein expression in defined brain regions, but mainly the proteins which are present in high abundance in glia are readily detected. The current study was undertaken to determine the protein profile in a synaptosomal subcellular fraction isolated from the cerebral cortex of the rat. Both 2-DE and liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) procedures were used to isolate and identify proteins in the synaptosomal fraction and accordingly >900 proteins were detected using 2-DE; the 167 most intense gel spots were isolated and identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization - time of flight peptide mass fingerprinting or LC-MS/MS. In addition, over 200 proteins were separated and identified with the LC-MS/MS "shotgun proteomics" technique, some in post-translationally modified form. The following classes of proteins associated with synaptic function were detected: (a) proteins involved in synaptic vesicle trafficking-docking (e.g., SNAP-25, synapsin I and II, synaptotagmin I, II, and V, VAMP-2, syntaxin 1A and 1B, etc.); (b) proteins that function as transporters or receptors (e.g., excitatory amino acid transporters 1 and 2, GABA transporter 1); (c) proteins that are associated with the synaptic plasma membrane (e.g., post-synaptic density-95/synapse-associated protein-90 complex, neuromodulin (GAP-43), voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein (VDACs), sodium-potassium ATPase subunits, alpha 2 spectrin, septin 7, etc.); and (d) proteins that mediate intracellular signaling cascades that modulate synaptic function (e.g., calmodulin, calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subunits, etc.). Other identified proteins are associated with mitochondrial or general cytosolic function. Of the two proteins identified as endoplasmic reticular, both interact with the synaptic SNARE complex to regulate vesicle trafficking. Taken together, these results suggest that the integrity of the synaptosomes was maintained during the isolation procedure and that this subcellular fractionation technique enables the enrichment of proteins associated with synaptic function. The results also suggest that this experimental approach can be used to study the differential expression of multiple proteins involved in alterations of synaptic function.
Endemism in birds of tropical Pacific islands

I analysed avifaunal data from 30 archipelagos and isolated islands in the tropical Pacific Ocean to examine the effects of geography on endemism. I divided the total bird species list (pelagic and migrant species excluded) for each island group into continental (also found outside of the study area), Pacific (found only within the study area but within more than one archipelago), and endemic (found only within a single archipelago) species and estimated ten variables related to the geography of each archipelago. I used multiple linear regression analysis to relate numbers and proportions of species in each category to the geographical variables. Total land area of an archipelago was the most improtant variable in explaining variation in the number of species in each category, with elevation and isolation also being important. The relationships between the proportions of species in each category and the geographical variables underscore the importance of isolation and the number of large islands in promoting endemism, presumably by allowing both inter- and intra-archipelagal speciation to proceed.
Teachers' Stereotypes of Asian, Black, and White Students.

This research uses two different measurement operations to examine contemporary stereotypes of Asians, Blacks, and Whites held by an ethnically diverse sample of teachers. Data were drawn from a sample of 188 teachers representing over 160 schools in Southern California. Consistent with previous research, participants endorsed a “model minority” stereotype of Asians with regard to intelligence, academic striving, introversion, and rule compliance. Contrary to expectation, there was substantial congruence in the degree of uniformity and favorableness of the stereotypic traits associated with Blacks and Whites, with participants’ revealing both strong positive and negative trait associations. The use of both open-ended and fixed-format measurement strategies revealed some method variation in the assessment of participants racial beliefs, with the open-ended format suggesting more complex and heterogeneous racial representations. Results are discussed in terms of methodological issues in stereotype assessment and implications for reducing the impact of racial biases in psychoeducational evaluations.
Synthesis of chroman aldehydes that inhibit HIV

Chroman aldehydes bearing an acetyl group plus alkoxyl or hydroxyl groups inhibit HIV infectivity in HeLa37 cells.
Christoph Hein between ideologies, or, where do the knights of the round table go after camelot falls?

Christoph Hein occupies a unique position in East German letters and politics: typical in his career as a more‐or‐less loyal (i.e., pro‐socialist) opponent of the GDR regime, he is unusual in remaining untouched by accusations of corruption. His critical stance toward both Eastern and Western society makes him difficult to assimilate into the intellectual atmosphere of the unified Germany. His late‐GDR work, including the play Knights of the Round Table, should not be too quickly dismissed as merely of historical interest, since Hein's critique of ideology has urgent relevance for the present political situation.
Influence of zinc smelter emissions on leaves of Pinus sylvestris and Vaccinium species as revealed by some morphological and ecophysiological indices

Abstract One- and 2-year old needles of Pinus sylvestris exposed to emissions from a nearby zinc smelter had after a 1-year exposure 4.8% and 11.4% necrotic material, respectively; for Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Vaccinium myrtillus leaves the percentage of necrotic surface areas were 60% and 27%, respectively, for the same exposure duration. The leaves which were without visible necrosis, representing the principal object of this research, had a 30% decrease in length and 6% decrease in number for Pinus sylvestris . The leaves of Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Vaccinium myrtillus decreased in size by 23% and 13%, respectively. The acid buffering capacity of aqueous homogenates of leaves was drastically lowered in the necrotic material but non-necrotic leaves from plants grown in the polluted areas had buffering capacity during the season both lower and higher than those of the control plants, which were from a site removed from the smelter. Calculated pH-dependency of buffer capacity, expressed in μmol H + per mg chlorophyll a per pH unit, of the tested material resembled that observed in suspensions of isolated spinach chlroplasts. The latter buffer capacity, after alteration of the starting homogenate by ±0.5 pH, was as much as 160% that of non-necrotic tissue from polluted areas relative to that of the control. Exposure to light caused a decrease in pH of homogenates by up to 0.25 pH units. The time in which the pH maximum change took place depended on the proximity of the plot to the emission site. A decrease in buffer capacity against acid from light was also apparent. The uptake of protons in light as compared to that in dark was defined for water suspensions of solid fractions separated from homogenates. The remaining solution showed a strong influence on the ox.: red equilibrium of the two applied systems, depending on several factors, among them proximity to the pollution site.
The Carbonylation Reaction of CH3Co(CO)4: A Detailed Density Functional Study

The alkyl group migration reaction CH3Co(CO)4 → CH3(CO)Co(CO)3 and the carbonyl association reaction CH3(CO)Co(CO)3 + CO → CH3(CO)Co(CO)4 have been thoroughly investigated via density functional theory techniques. In the migratory insertion reaction, two stable 16-electron acyl intermediates have been located on the B3LYP potential energy surface. Both species have the carbons of the acyl groups in the axial position. One of the intermediates is stabilized by the formation of an agostic interaction to the formally vacant site of the trigonal bipyramid, and the other is stabilized by the acyl oxygen adopting an η2 coordination geometry. The transition states between all the intermediates, as well as several internal rotation processes, have been located. An interesting feature of this reaction is that alkyl group migration is accompanied by a simultaneous twist of the alkyl group into the equatorial plane of the original trigonal bipyramid, and therefore the reaction does not take place on a Cs symmetry po...
Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) has limited effects on in vitro apatite formation and growth.

Sialoproteins such as bone sialoprotein (BSP) and dentin sialoprotein (DSP) accumulate at the mineralization fronts in bone and dentin, respectively, suggesting they have some function in the mineralization process. BSP, a highly phosphorylated protein rich in polyglutamate repeats, is an effective nucleator of hydroxyapatite (HA) formation in vitro. The present study examines the effect of DSP, a low phosphorylated but related sialoprotein, on the formation and growth of HA. In vitro, in a gelatin gel diffusion system, DSP at low concentrations (<25 μg/ml) slightly increased the yield of HA formed at 3.5 and 5 days, while at higher concentrations (50–100 μg/ml) it slightly inhibited accumulation. Fewer mineral crystals were formed in the presence of high concentrations of DSP but they tended to aggregate (making them appear larger by electron microscopic analysis) than those formed in DSP-free gels. X-ray diffraction line broadening analysis failed to show significant changes in c-axis crystal dimensions with increasing DSP concentration. When HA-seed crystals were coated with DSP before inclusion in the gelatin gel there was a reduction in mineral accumulation relative to HA-seeds which had not been coated with DSP, but the extent of inhibition was significantly less than that seen in this system with other mineralized tissue matrix sialoproteins, such as osteopontin or BSP. The low affinity of DSP for well-characterized seed crystals and the limited effect of this protein on HA formation and growth suggest that the role of DSP in dentin is not primarily that of a mineralization regulator.
Comparison of quantitative EEG to current clinical decision rules for head CT use in acute mild traumatic brain injury in the ED.

Abstract Study objective We compared the performance of a handheld quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) acquisition device to New Orleans Criteria (NOC), Canadian CT Head Rule (CCHR), and National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study II (NEXUS II) Rule in predicting intracranial lesions on head computed tomography (CT) in acute mild traumatic brain injury in the emergency department (ED). Methods Patients between 18 and 80 years of age who presented to the ED with acute blunt head trauma were enrolled in this prospective observational study at 2 urban academic EDs in Detroit, MI. Data were collected for 10 minutes from frontal leads to determine a QEEG discriminant score that could maximally classify intracranial lesions on head CT. Results One hundred fifty-two patients were enrolled from July 2012 to February 2013. A total 17.1% had acute traumatic intracranial lesions on head CT. Quantitative electroencephalogram discriminant score of greater than or equal to 31 was found to be a good cutoff (area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-0.93) to classify patients with positive head CT. The sensitivity of QEEG discriminant score was 92.3 (95% CI, 73.4-98.6), whereas the specificity was 57.1 (95% CI, 48.0-65.8). The sensitivity and specificity of the decision rules were as follows: NOC 96.1 (95% CI, 78.4-99.7) and 15.8 (95% CI, 10.1-23.6); CCHR 46.1 (95% CI, 27.1-66.2) and 86.5 (95% CI, 78.9-91.7); NEXUS II 96.1 (95% CI, 78.4-99.7) and 31.7 (95% CI, 23.9-40.7). Conclusion At a sensitivity of greater than 90%, QEEG discriminant score had better specificity than NOC and NEXUS II. Only CCHR had better specificity than QEEG discriminant score but at the cost of low (
Structural resolution of the stereochemistry of a spirooxirane derived from an α‐arylidene heterocyclic carbonyl. The crystal and molecular structure of 2‐( p ‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐phenyl‐7‐methyl‐1‐oxa‐5,6‐diazaspiro[2.4]hept‐6‐en‐4‐one

The stereochemical assignment of molecular geometry for α-arylidene carbonyl compounds and spirooxirane derived from them have continued to be a challenging problem for which the most satisfactory solution continues to be an x-ray diffraction structure determination. In that regard, the title compound (a spirooxirane) has been found to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c with cell dimensions of a = 5.989(1)A, b = 27.625(4)A, c = 9.374(2)A, β = 99.06(1)°. The structure of the compound has been determined, with the refinement to R = 0.059. The previous, tentative assignment of structure has been confirmed substantiating our prediction that the oxidation of the enone system proceeds with rotation of the phenyl group on the β-carbon away from the carbonyl group, minimizing adverse steric interactions and allowing orbitals of the carbonyl group to overlap with those of the carbanionic center during the closure of the oxirane ring. The agreement between predictions based on nmr data and the x-ray diffraction determination will support a stronger reliance on the nmr data predictions in subsequent studies.
Is routine preoperative hemodynamic evaluation of nonagenarians necessary

An Incidence of co-morbid cardiac disease in the elderly surgical patient as high as 66% has been previously reported. Even in the absence of clinically significant cardiac disease, advanced age alone is often considered sufficient indication for Swan-Ganz placement, hemodynamic evaluation, adjustment of fluid states, and inotropic support. Yet data clearly documenting the need for this evaluation and therapy are difficult to obtain. All major general surgical and orthopedic operations in non-agenarians were reviewed in our institution from July 1, 1987 through December 31, 1988. Fifty-one procedures were performed on 46 patients. None of these patients had preoperative Swan-Ganz catheterization or hemodynamic evaluation. Eighteen general surgical, 30 orthopedic, 2 neurosurgical, and 1 gynecological procedures were performed. Forty-three were performed under general anesthesia, 7 under spinal anesthesia, and 1 with local anesthesia. Seven out of 51 patients (14%) experienced major complications, and 16 out of 51 (31%) experienced minor complications. Thirty-day mortality was 0%, and 6-month survival was 92%. Only one complication occurred within 48 hours of surgery that might possibly have been prevented with hemodynamic evaluation, adjustment of fluid status, inotropic support, and intensive care unit monitoring.
Pore Sizes and Filtration Rates from Two Alumina Slips

The relationship between filtration rate and the resultant green body microstructure was examined for aqueous alumina slips cast at two different deflocculation states. The volume loading of both slips was 40%. Slip viscosities of 500 and 60 mPa[center dot]s were produced by different tetrasodium pyrophosphate additions. The filtration rate of these slips varied by a factor of 2; however, mercury porosimetry results showed the same average pore size for both samples. Single and multiple small-angle neutron scattering results showed the specimen cast with the higher-viscosity slip to possess a bimodal pore size distribution. The body cast with the low-viscosity slip showed unimodal porosity and, consequently, the filtration is attributed to the toroidal region between the packed particles. These results showed that mercury porosimetry does not provide a pore size that predicts filtration behavior of slips with different degrees of dispersion.
Urinary amino acid excretion patterns in cancer of prostate

Abstract The excretion of urinary amino acids obtained from acid hydrolysates were studied by gas chromatographic analysis in 16 normal male subjects and 48 patients with cancer of the prostate. There were no significant differences of the most commonly excreted amino acids in normal or patient groups or between patients with different stages of the disease because of the large variances of excretion within groups as a whole. However, with few exceptions, the patient group excreted isoleucine whereas isoleucine excretion was not detected in the normal subjects under the same experimental conditions. These findings suggest that measurement of the urinary excretion of isoleucine may be a useful parameter for the early detection of prostatic cancer.
A 3620-Year Temperature Record from Fitzroya cupressoides Tree Rings in Southern South America

A tree-ring width chronology of alerce trees ( Fitzroya cupressoides ) from southern Chile was used to produce an annually resolved 3622-year reconstruction of departures from mean summer temperatures (December to March) for southern South America. The longest interval with above-average temperatures was from 80 B.C. to A.D. 160. Long intervals with below-average temperatures were recorded from A.D. 300 to 470 and from A.D. 1490 to 1700. Neither this proxy temperature record nor instrumental data for southern South America for latitudes between 35° and 44°S provide evidence of a warming trend during the last decades of this century that could be related to anthropogenic causes. The data also indicate that alerce is the second longest living tree after the bristlecone pine ( Pinus Iongaeva ).
Transition from laminar to turbulent flow in separated shear layers

The location of boundary layer separation may be predicted by either semiempirical criteria or by various computer codes written for such calculations; attention is presently given to the streamwide length from separation to transition, denoted by Re(sL). It is demonstrated that the unit Reynolds number, a feature of the transition phenomenon implicit in the data of Schmidt et al. (1985) and overlooked in previous investigations, must be considered in future work.
Incorporation of 3H-Gibberellin A20 in roots of G2 peas

Following application of 3H-Gibberellin A20 (GA20) to roots of G2 pea seedlings and homogenization of the roots, about 3% of the radioactivity in the tissue could be precipitated from a 30,000 × g supernatant with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) (soluble fraction) while about 5% of the radioactivity pelleted at 30,000 × g (particulate fraction). The radioactivity in the particulate fraction was soluble in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), but was not dialyzable and was insoluble in ethanol. Electrophoresis of the soluble fraction gave only one band of radioactivity, while that of the particulate fraction gave multiple bands. Acid hydrolysis of the soluble fraction released radioactivity that ran coincident with acid-treated GA20 on silicic-acid column chromatography. The particulate fraction gave numerous radioactive peaks following acid hydrolysis, two of which were coincident with GA20 and GA29 (hydroxylation product of GA20) on silicic acid chromatography. Treatment of the particulate and soluble fractions with RNase, DNase, and proteases showed a significant solubilization of radioactivity only with the proteases, suggesting that the GA is bound to a proteinaceous macromolecule. Complete proteolytic hydrolyis followed by thin layer chromatography showed 65% of the radioactivity from the soluble fraction running separately from free GAs or the individual amino acids; the particulate fraction gave mainly (60%) free GAs on enzymatic hydrolysis and much smaller amounts (17%) in a position separate from that of the GAs or amino acids. Binding of 3H-GA to protease-sensitive material was obtained with biologically active 3H-GA20 and 3H-GA1.
High gain Fermi antenna array for radar-aided radiotherapy system

This article presents the design of Fermi antenna array with improved gain for radar respiration measurement. A six-element Fermi antenna array working at 5.8 GHz is optimally designed and integrated with the respiration radar system. Specifically, to easily feed the antenna array as well as reduce the total size of the array system, a feeding network based on 0-degree phase shifters is used along with suitable impedance transformers. The whole system is proposed to function as a radar sensor for respiration rate measurement, which is known as a promising noncontact and noninvasive approach for lung cancer radiotherapy. The measurement results verify the improved performance of the proposed system for radar respiration measurement in motion-adaptive lung cancer radiotherapy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1649–1654, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26871
From Margin to Mainstream to Collaboration: Regarding Public Issues.

Collaboration across the domains of continuing education and organizations advance civil society to address public issues.
Explicit forecasting of supercooled liquid water in winter storms using the MM5 mesoscale model

An explicit microphysical parametrization including ice physics was developed for use in the NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model Version 5 (MM5). This scheme includes three options of increasing complexity to represent the hydrometeor species. The scheme is evaluated by comparing model simulations with two well observed winter storms that occurred during the Winter Icing and Storms Project. The evaluation focused on the prediction of supercooled liquid water (SLW), which is of particular importance to aircraft icing. The intercomparisons showed that: 1 The double-moment microphysical scheme, in which both ice mixing ratios and number concentrations were predicted, performed best, with close agreement to the observed fields. 2 The single-moment schemes, in which the mixing ratio of ice species are predicted and number concentration specified, performed reasonably well if a diagnostic equation for No, s, the Y-intercept of the assumed exponential snow distribution, is allowed to vary with snow mixing ratio. 3 Accurate microphysical simulations of SLW in shallow upslope clouds and cyclonic storms required accurate simulations of the kinematic and thermodynamic structure and evolution of the storms. Though the two storms were dynamically different, the SLW formed through a balance of the condensational growth of cloud water and the depletion of cloud water by deposition and riming of snow and/or graupel for both storms. The results of this study suggest that accurate prediction of SLW over limited areas of the country may be possible using the current microphysical parametrization and high-resolution grids (δχ <10 km).
Forced Oscillation Wind Tunnel Testing for FASER Flight Research Aircraft

As unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) continue to expand their flight envelopes into areas of high angular rate and high angle of attack, modeling the complex unsteady aerodynamics for simulation in these regimes has become more difficult using traditional methods. The goal of this experiment was to improve the current six degree-of-freedom aerodynamic model of a small UAV by replacing the analytically derived damping derivatives with experimentally derived values. The UAV is named the Free-flying Aircraft for Sub-scale Experimental Research, FASER, and was tested in the NASA Langley Research Center 12- Foot Low-Speed Tunnel. The forced oscillation wind tunnel test technique was used to measure damping in the roll and yaw axes. By imparting a variety of sinusoidal motions, the effects of non-dimensional angular rate and reduced frequency were examined over a large range of angle of attack and side-slip combinations. Tests were performed at angles of attack from -5 to 40 degrees, sideslip angles of -30 to 30 degrees, oscillation amplitudes from 5 to 30 degrees, and reduced frequencies from 0.010 to 0.133. Additionally, the effect of aileron or elevator deflection on the damping coefficients was examined. Comparisons are made of two different data reduction methods used to obtain the damping derivatives. The results show that the damping derivatives are mainly a function of angle of attack and have dependence on the non-dimensional rate and reduced frequency only in the stall/post-stall regime
Effects of additional quality attributes on consumer willingness-to-pay for food labels

Contingent valuation (CV), choice experiment (CE) and experimental auction (EA) or the combinations of the three methods are often used by researchers to elicit consumer willingness to pay for food attributes (food labels). One concern about using these approaches is that quality attributes of food provided to respondents are assumed independent of other attributes which are not provided to respondents during the survey. The limited attributes provided in a survey may lead respondents to allocate their budgets to those limited attributes rather than allocate their budgets to a larger number of product attributes to truly reveal their preferences. Surveys containing a series of online CEs were collected to investigate the effects of additional beef steak attributes on consumer WTP in two different US markets. Random parameters logit models are estimated for each CE in the questionnaires with survey results from both samples. The models with the different survey samples reveal consistent results regarding changes in WTP with more attributes added to the CEs. Consumer WTP for the most important attributes in the CE decreases when the number of attributes increases from three to four, while the WTP for the most important attributes increases when the number of attribute increase from four to five. The changes in the WTP for attributes depend on their relationships with the newly added attributes to the CEs and the number of attributes in CEs.
Multiple channel architecture: a new optical interconnection strategy for massively parallel computers

A parallel processing architecture based on multiple channel optical communication is described and compared with existing interconnection strategies for parallel computers. The proposed multiple channel architecture (MCA) provides a large number of independent, selectable channels (or virtual buses) using a single optical fiber. Arbitrary interconnection patterns and machine partitions can be emulated via appropriate channel assignments. Hierarchies of parallel architectures and simultaneous execution of parallel tasks are also possible. The authors describe previous attempts in processor, memory, and input/output device interconnection, a basic overview of the proposed architecture, various channel allocation strategies that can be utilized by the MCA, and a summary of advantages of the MCA compared with traditional interconnection techniques. >