cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in NSAID Use among Older Adults with Osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND:Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed medications for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Little is known about whether there are important gender differences in NSAID use among patients with OA.OBJECTIVE:To examine gender differences in patterns of NSAID use among older adults (≥65 y) with OA.METHODS:Subjects (n = 11 298) were members of a statewide prescription drug plan who responded to a health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) survey in 1997 and had a physician diagnosis of OA. Gender differences in patterns of NSAID use were examined over a 2-year period.RESULTS:Approximately one-third of the participants filled at least 1 NSAID prescription during the study. Women were significantly more likely to be prescribed an NSAID than men (37% vs. 30%), had a greater total days' supply of NSAIDs, and were more frequently prescribed NSAIDs with greater degrees of cyclooxygenase-2 selectivity. These gender differences persisted in statistical analyses controll...
The Banking Environment

This chapter reviews fundamental banking concepts utilized throughout the chapters that follow. It also provides an economic assessment of recent trends in banking.
Identification of a novel mechanism of action of fingolimod (FTY720) on human effector T cell function through TCF-1 upregulation

Background Fingolimod (FTY720), the first oral treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), blocks immune cell trafficking and prevents disease relapses by downregulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor. We determined the effect of FTY720 on human T cell activation and effector function.
Caregiving in Late Life: A Life Span Human Development Perspective

As a discipline, Human Development embraces a philosophical stance that incorporates bio-psycho-social frameworks to guide the study of individuals, families, and communities across the lifespan. Historically, scholars trained in this integrative, multidisciplinary tradition have relied on theories and models developed in the behavioral and social sciences to inform and advance their work. In this chapter, we present the primary tenets of five theoretical frameworks commonly used by scholars in human development to study family caregiving in late life: (a) life span perspective; (b) life course perspective; (c) stress and coping; (d) exchange theory; and (e) formal service use. We provide examples from the literature illustrating the utility of each of these frameworks for studying the effects of caregiving on spouses, adult children, and other family members providing care for their older relatives. We end the chapter with suggestions for the explicit use of individual and contextual level theories to advance future caregiving research, practice, and policy.
SlimShot: in-database probabilistic inference for knowledge bases

Increasingly large Knowledge Bases are being created, by crawling the Web or other corpora of documents, and by extracting facts and relations using machine learning techniques. To manage the uncertainty in the data, these KBs rely on probabilistic engines based on Markov Logic Networks (MLN), for which probabilistic inference remains a major challenge. Today's state of the art systems use variants of MCMC, which have no theoretical error guarantees, and, as we show, suffer from poor performance in practice.In this paper we describe SlimShot (Scalable Lifted Inference and Monte Carlo Sampling Hybrid Optimization Technique), a probabilistic inference engine for knowledge bases. SlimShot converts the MLN to a tuple-independent probabilistic database, then uses a simple Monte Carlo-based inference, with three key enhancements: (1) it combines sampling with safe query evaluation, (2) it estimates a conditional probability by jointly computing the numerator and denominator, and (3) it adjusts the proposal distribution based on the sample cardinality. In combination, these three techniques allow us to give formal error guarantees, and we demonstrate empirically that SlimShot outperforms to-day's state of the art probabilistic inference engines used in knowledge bases.
Design of latches and flip-flops using emerging tunneling devices

Tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) stand out among novel device technologies for low-power circuits and systems. While some TFETs exhibits behavior similar to MOSFETs, a group of emerging tunneling devices including symmetric tunneling FETs (SymFETs) and interlayer tunnel FETs (IFETs) demonstrate a bell-shaped I–V characteristic dissimilar to that of MOSFETs. They have shown the potential for image processing and nontraditional computing in analog applications and the design of Boolean gates with SymFETs has also been explored. This paper uses a SymFET as a proxy to design sequential circuits comprised of devices with bell-shaped I–V characteristics. Said circuits are essential as practically any application requires the indefinite storage of data and control modules during computation. We show that the negative differential resistance (NDR) behavior of SymFET transistors can be employed to build compact and low power latches and flip-flops. The relationship of SymFET with another well-known tunneling device, namely resonant tunneling diode (RTD), is investigated. We illustrate how previous research on RTD-based circuits - such as monostable-bistable (MOBILE) self-latching circuits and highly compact MOBILE-based D flip-flop circuits - can be adopted to SymFETs. Our paper provides a novel path of circuit designs based on devices that have characteristics similar to SymFETs and shows that SymFETs are a promising option for image processing applications in terms of power and area.
Triplicate prescription forms: regulatory considerations.

(1990). Triplicate Prescription Forms: Regulatory Considerations. Hospital Practice: Vol. 25, No. sup3, pp. 35-44.
Cardinalities and universal quantifiers for verifying parameterized systems

Parallel and distributed systems rely on intricate protocols to manage shared resources and synchronize, i.e., to manage how many processes are in a particular state. Effective verification of such systems requires universally quantification to reason about parameterized state and cardinalities tracking sets of processes, messages, failures to adequately capture protocol logic. In this paper we present Tool, an automatic invariant synthesis method that integrates cardinality-based reasoning and universal quantification. The resulting increase of expressiveness allows Tool to verify, for the first time, a representative collection of intricate parameterized protocols.
Transcriptional regulators of the oxidative stress response in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

SUMMARYBacteria, yeast and cells of higher eukaryotes specifically induce the expression of genes encoding antioxidant defenses when exposed to reactive oxygen species. Recent studies have also suggested that reactive oxygen intermediates play a role as second messengers in signal transduction pathways. Therefore, cells must possess regulators that sense oxidant signals and transduce the signals into changes in gene expression. This review provides an overview of the transcription factors in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian cells that govern the response to oxidative stress. Some of the regulators function primarily as regulators of antioxidant genes while other regulators of the oxidative stress response also regulate genes important for metal homeostasis or cell metabolism during aerobic or anaerobic growth.
Knowledge organization with pattern recognition in an auto-adaptive system

Computer Science has always been on a quest for autonomy. Today neural networks are quite competitive, however common machines do not satisfy their expectations. Complex systems and adaptive systems are emerging. This paper pioneers a new kind of image recognition. The combination of a regressive approach to neural networks and a high level of knowledge organization enables even more performing recognition. This project is developed with the Oz/Mozart system and based on the Camus and Cardon multi-agent system. A new type of agent has been created for this purpose. Experiments are discussed at the end of the paper. The system is able to understand its environment and to make autonomous decisions based on this environment.
Macroeconomic Volatility and the Current Account: Evidence from a Panel of OECD Countries

This paper investigates the relationship between macroeconomic volatility and the current account. Using quarterly data for a panel of OECD economies, time-varying relative volatility measures are constructed for GDP, net output, and government consumption. The empirical evidence suggests that current account balances are positively affected by all three volatility measures. Moreover, the current account balance is found to be related positively to output growth and negatively to the growth of government consumption. Evidence from saving and investment rates also suggests that the precautionary saving motive is part of (though perhaps not the entire) mechanism that relates output volatility and the current account. Broadly consistent with the predictions of the standard theoretical model, these estimates are sizable, statistically significant, and robust.
Ceftibuten: a new expanded-spectrum oral cephalosporin.

OBJECTIF: Reviser le spectre antimicrobien. la pharmacocinetique, l'efficacite clinique, et la tolerance du ceftibuten, une nouvelle cephalosporine orale a large spectre. REVUE DE LITTERATURE: On a procede a une recherche de type MEDLINE de la litterature medicale, une revue de la litterature de langue anglaise, et des bibliographies de ces articles. SELECTION DES ETUDES: Les donnees sur l'efficacite clinique proviennent de toutes les etudes publiees, inedites et des resumes mentionnant le ceftibuten. L'information concemant la susceptibilite in vitro, l'inocuite, la structure chimique, et le profil pharmacocinetique a egalement ete revisee. Le ceftibuten est une nouvelle cephalosporine orale a large spectre. Elle a un spectre elargi envers plusieurs organismes gram negatif et certains gram positif dont le Streptococcus pneumoniae, le Streptococcus pyogenes, le Moxarella catarrhalis, et l'Haemophilus influenzae. Le ceftibuten est resistant a l'hydrolyse de plusieurs β-lactamases rencontrees. Son absorption au niveau gastro-intestinal est rapide et presque complete. L'elimination est principalement renale sous forme inchangee. La demi-vie d'elimination du ceftibuten est d'un peu plus de 2 heures. Son efficacite clinique a ete demontree dans de nombreuses etudes chez l'adulte et l'enfant souffrant d'infections des voies respiratoires superieures et inferieures (ex: otite moyenne digue, pharyngite, sinusite, bronchite) et d'infections des voies urinaires. Son profil d'effets secondaires est comparable a celui des autres cephalosporines. CONCLUSIONS: Le ceftibuten est une alternative aux autres antibiotiques dans le traitement des infections des voies respiratoires superieures et inferieures avec une seule prise quotidienne. Comme d'autres cephalosporines orales a large spectre, le ceftibuten possede une activite antimicrobienne contre plusieurs pathogenes des voies respiratoires et est stable en presence de plusieurs )-lactalnases. En clinique, le choix d'une cephalosporine orale a large spectre va dependre de la tolerance du patient, de la frequence d'administration, et du cout.
Cluster-based test suite functional analysis

A common industrial challenge is that of analyzing large legacy free text test suites in order to comprehend their functional content. The analysis results are used for different purposes, such as dividing the test suite into disjoint functional parts for automation and management purposes, identifying redundant test cases, and extracting models for combinatorial test generation while reusing the legacy test suite. Currently the analysis is performed manually, which hinders the ability to analyze many such large test suites due to time and resource constraints. We report on our practical experience in automated analysis of real-world free text test suites from six different industrial companies. Our novel, cluster-based approach provides significant time savings for the analysis of the test suites, varying from a reduction of 35% to 97% compared to the human time required, thus enabling functional analysis in many cases where manual analysis is infeasible in practice.
Conversations with the dead and the living in Oaxacan bioarchaeology

Abstract This commentary offers the perspective of someone who works outside the Oaxaca Region and beyond bioarchaeology.
The Fredholm Pseudoinverse–An Analytic Episode in the History of Generalized Inverses

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of Fredholm pseudoinverse. Ivar Fredholm formulated a pseudoinverse for a linear integral operator that is not invertible in the ordinary sense. Closely related operators include the Hurwitz pseudoresolvent and an operator obtained by analytic continuation of the Fredholm resolvent. The chapter discusses the properties of these pseudoinverses from the standpoint of the theory of generalized inverses developed in recent years. It also presents comparisons of these operators with the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse and the Drazin pseudoinverse. In the development of the theory of pseudoinverses, it has been found useful to require the operators to satisfy more than one relationship characteristic of the inverse of an invertible operator. These more restricted classes of pseudoinverses have various interesting and useful properties.
Zbtb7b engages the long noncoding RNA Blnc1 to drive brown and beige fat development and thermogenesis

Brown and beige adipocytes convert chemical energy into heat through uncoupled respiration to defend against cold stress. Beyond thermogenesis, brown and beige fats engage other metabolic tissues via secreted factors to influence systemic energy metabolism. How the protein and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regulatory networks act in concert to regulate key aspects of thermogenic adipocyte biology remains largely unknown. Here we developed a genome-wide functional screen to interrogate the transcription factors and cofactors in thermogenic gene activation and identified zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 7b (Zbtb7b) as a potent driver of brown fat development and thermogenesis and cold-induced beige fat formation. Zbtb7b is required for activation of the thermogenic gene program in brown and beige adipocytes. Genetic ablation of Zbtb7b impaired cold-induced transcriptional remodeling in brown fat, rendering mice sensitive to cold temperature, and diminished browning of inguinal white fat. Proteomic analysis revealed a mechanistic link between Zbtb7b and the lncRNA regulatory pathway through which Zbtb7b recruits the brown fat lncRNA 1 (Blnc1)/heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNPU) ribonucleoprotein complex to activate thermogenic gene expression in adipocytes. These findings illustrate the emerging concept of a protein-lncRNA regulatory network in the control of adipose tissue biology and energy metabolism.
Association Between Insurance and Transfer of Injured Children From Emergency Departments.

OBJECTIVES: To determine if injured children presenting to nondesignated trauma centers are more or less likely to be transferred relative to being admitted based on insurance status. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study by using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. Pediatric trauma patients receiving care in emergency departments (EDs) at nontrauma centers who were either admitted locally or transferred to another hospital were included. We performed logistic regression analysis adjusting for injury severity and other confounders and incorporated nationally representative weights to determine the association between insurance and transfer or admission. RESULTS: Nine thousand four hundred and sixty-one ED pediatric trauma events at 386 nontrauma centers met inclusion criteria. EDs that treated a higher proportion of patients with Medicaid had higher odds of transfer relative to admission (odds ratio [OR]: 1.2 per 10% increase in Medicaid; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–1.4), resulting in overall higher odds of transfer among patients with Medicaid compared with patients with private insurance (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0–1.5). A patient’s insurance status was not associated with different odds of transfer relative to admission within individual EDs after adjusting for the ED’s proportion of patients with Medicaid (Medicaid OR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.8–1.1). CONCLUSIONS: Injured pediatric patients presenting to nondesignated trauma centers are slightly more likely to be transferred than admitted when the ED treats a higher proportion of Medicaid patients. In this study, ongoing concerns about inequities in the delivery of care among hospitals treating high proportions of children with Medicaid are reinforced.
Rain, forests and farmers: Evidence of drought induced deforestation in Madagascar and its consequences for biodiversity conservation

Abstract Cropland expansion is the primary driver of deforestation worldwide. Since land and rainfall are two crucial inputs for agricultural production, a lack of rainfall may have severe consequences on yields, which in turn may lead to a change in cultivated areas, with possible impacts on deforestation rates. Our paper explores this issue of drought induced deforestation that has been largely neglected in the literature. By focusing on Madagascar where agriculture is mostly rainfed, we demonstrate that between 2000 and 2013, clearing additional forests was a strategy that farmers employ to cope with the negative impacts of droughts. Using remote sensing data and fixed-effects panel regressions, we find that droughts increased deforestation by 7.6% compared to years of near normal weather. The impact was most severe in dry and semi-arid areas (up to +17%). When droughts occurred across consecutive years, deforestation declined, a result that is consistent with risk averse behavior of farmers. We show that these results are not driven by ecological mechanisms or by accidental fires. We then study the implication of these outcomes for conservation policy and demonstrate that protected areas were partly effective at buffering against upsurges in deforestation induced by droughts. Our results reinforce the notion that when deforestation is an agricultural problem, agricultural solutions must be combined with conservation policies to decrease deforestation.
Lung transplantation in the Lung Allocation Score era: Medium-term analysis from a single center.

In 2005, the Lung Allocation Score (LAS) was implemented as the allocation system for lungs in the US. We sought to compare 5-year lung transplant outcomes before and after the institution of the LAS. Between 2000 and 2011, 501 adult patients were identified, with 132 from January 2000 to April 2005 (Pre-LAS era) and 369 from May 2005 to December 2011 (Post-LAS era). Kruskal-Wallis or chi-squared test was used to determine significance between groups. Survival was censored at 5 years. Overall, the post-LAS era was associated with more restrictive lung disease, higher LAS scores, shorter wait-list times, more preoperative immunosuppression, and more single lung transplantation. In addition, post-LAS patients had higher O2 requirements with greater preoperative pulmonary impairment. Postoperatively, 30-day mortality improved in post-LAS era (1.6% vs 5.3%, P = .048). During the pre- and post-LAS eras, 5-year survival was 52.3% and 55.3%, respectively (P = .414). The adjusted risk of mortality was not different in the post-LAS era (P = .139). Freedom from chronic lung allograft dysfunction was significantly higher in the post-LAS era (P = .002). In this single-center report, implementation of the LAS score has led to allocation to sicker patients without decrement in short- or medium-term outcomes. Freedom from CLAD at 5 years is improving after LAS implementation.
Educating Children Who Are Deaf–Blind

Definitions, history, incidence, etiology, communication, and classroom issues affecting deaf–blind individuals are discussed in this article. In addition, related articles as well as websites, and video clips that provide general information are presented. The history of the field of the deaf–blind category covers European schools and famous people and Americans such as Helen Keller. We note that the degree of deaf-blindness is very diverse and secondary disabilities are high, thus affecting educational placement.
Atypical Atrial Flutter: How to Diagnose, Locate, and Ablate It

Atrial flutter (AFL) is defined as a rapid macro-reentrant atrial tachycardia characterised by little or no isoelectric interval between flutter (F) waves on ECG. Typical AFL refers to cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent flutter with its reentrant circuit propagating around the tricuspid annulus in clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW) form (left anterior oblique projection) [1–7]. Typically, CCW flutter is characterised by negative F waves in the inferior leads (II, III, aVF) and positive waves in V1, while CW flutter is manifest by positive F waves in the inferior leads and negative waves in V1 [8, 9]. Entrainment pacing during typical AFL helps define the reentrant circuit, and typical AFLs show concealed entrainment when pacing from the CTI. The typical AFLs are cured by ablative lesions transecting the CTI [10–13]. So-called atypical AFL includes a wide variety of non-CTI-dependent flutter. In order to better understand different flutter circuits and provide an ablation strategy for them, we have proposed an updated classification and nomenclature of known flutter circuits [14]. Table 1 shows a brief classification of the atypical AFL. CTI-dependent AFLs may have atypical surface ECG patterns [15] and vice versa [16]. For example, the surface ECG of upper loop reentry (ULR) can mimic typical CW flutter [16]. Compared to the CTI-dependent AFLs, the surface ECGs of these atypical flutters are less specific for predicting the reentrant circuit. Hence, it highlights the importance of entrainment and electroanatomic mapping in these cases. However, prior distinguishing between right and left AFLs from the surface ECG helps determine the mapping techniques. Although left AFLs showed more inhomogeneous patterns [17], our
Total Diet Study approach in estimating mercury and cadmium levels using selected fish: A case study from Sri Lanka

Total Diet Study (TDS) is a world-recognized approach in quantifying nutrients and contaminants in complete diets. In the present study, the TDS approach was used to determine the dietary exposure to mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) by regular consumption of yellowfin tuna (YFT), swordfish (SWF) and sardinella (SAF) fish in Gampaha district, Sri Lanka. The study was based on the TDS method established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Hg and Cd were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer after microwave digestion of samples. Survey results revealed that the weekly average fresh fish consumption was 301 g per person. Hg and Cd levels were calculated on the wet weight basis. The maximum allowable limits of Hg and Cd were compared with European Union/European Commission (EU/EC) regulation limits for each species. None of the samples exceeded the EU/EC maximum limit for Cd, but two samples of SWF exceeded the maximum limit for Hg, recommended by the EU/EC. The Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) for Hg was calculated for risk assessment. The percentage contributions of SWF, YFT, and SAF for PTWI-Hg were 64.92 and 40.16 and 8.55 respectively. Accordingly, the SWF were close to exceed the PTWI value. YFT and SWF are considered as the top predators in the marine food web. Cooking did not significantly reduce the Hg and Cd contents in selected fish species. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the PTWI values for predatory fish species before consumption.
Mamdouh Adwan, Mahmoud Diyab & Naguib Surur

Mamdouh Adwan was a famous Syrian poet, journalist, playwright, television script writer and novelist, in addition to his translation of several books from English into Arabic. He was nicknamed “Zorba” because of his vivid and wild personality. Mahmoud Diyab was one of the most prominent Egyptian playwrights of his own time, and his reputation spread beyond his native country to the entire Arab world. Some of his plays even premiered in Damascus, Algeria and Baghdad before being produced in Cairo. Naguib Surur was always honest, frank and relentless about his national stance, and never compromised his convictions. Therefore, he was arrested several times and subjected to torture. He was unjustly accused of insanity and locked in a mental asylum, where he passed away in 1978 at the age of 46.
When a Patient Dies by Suicide - The Physician's Silent Sorrow.

When a Patient Dies by Suicide We talk about the toll suicide takes on families and the tragedy for the people who’ve died. What we don’t openly talk about is suicide’s toll on the doctors who have...
2019 NCCN Consensus Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL)

National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines represent the consensus standard of care for diagnosis and management of the majority of known cancers. NCCN guidelines on breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) have been recognized by the US Food and Drug Administration and widely advocated by national specialty societies. Consensus guidelines have helped create a treatment standardization for BIA-ALCL at all stages of disease. NCCN guidelines are evidence-based where possible and utilize expert consensus opinion to fill in gaps that may exist. NCCN undergoes annual panel review by multidisciplinary faculty members, and this article represents the most up-to-date 2019 guidelines. Recommendations focus on parameters for achieving reliable diagnosis and disease management and emphasize the critical role for complete surgical ablation. Suggestions for adjunct treatments and chemotherapy regimens are included for advanced BIA-ALCL with lymph node involvement. BIA-ALCL recurrence and management of unresectable disease, and organ metastasis are addressed. Adherence to recognized BIA-ALCL guidelines ensures patients receive the most current efficacious treatment available.
Capabilities, Utility, or Primary Goods? On Finding a Conceptual Framework for (International) Labour Law

This chapter argues, against both advocates and critics of the capabilities approach (CA), that applying the CA to labour law makes little substantive difference, because it does not provide answers to first-order questions that were not already available. The chapter surveys the main alternatives to the CA: (1) utility/welfare, (2) Rawlsian primary goods, (3) Ronald Dworkin’s “resources,” and (4) GA Cohen’s “access to advantage.” It claims that all these conceptual frameworks can accommodate roughly the same array of positions as to how to maximize and/or equalize the things that make a life good. The chapter then introduces my proposed first-order approach to the regulation of employment. That approach, left legal realism, essentially asserts that labour laws on collective bargaining and employment standards are not deviations from competition, freedom of contract, and private property, but are mere reconfigurations of those abstract ideas from one possible instantiation to another. Relying on this “bundle of rights” approach to property and contract, the chapter then provide the briefest of sketches of a set of normative ideals, which revolve around “altruism” and redistribution along class, gender, and racial lines.
Statistical power and sample size calculations: A primer for pediatric surgeons

Abstract Background/Purpose Determining the appropriate sample size is an integral component of any well-designed research study, grant application, or scientific manuscript. Surgeons intuitively understand the concept of statistical power, but have limited knowledge in how to go about performing the calculations correctly. Our goal is to provide a strategy for pediatric surgeons to use when planning a study to determine the sample sizes required for detecting a clinically meaningful effect, which is important for interpreting and validating their results. Methods We present a general 5-step approach for performing a sample size justification and statistical power analysis, and illustrate this approach using several surgical research examples. The 5 steps are: 1) Define the primary outcome of interest, 2) Define the magnitude of the effect or effect size and power desired, 3) Determine the appropriate statistics and statistical test that will be considered, 4) Perform the calculations to estimate the required sample size using software or a reference table, 5) Write the formal power and sample size statement for the manuscript, grant application, or project proposal. Conclusions Understanding sample size considerations and statistical power in the surgical research community will improve the quality of published articles. This primer can be used by pediatric surgeons in the process of determining the appropriate sample sizes for detecting a clinically meaningful effect with sufficient statistical power. Virtually all research studies in pediatric surgery should include a justification of sample size based on a power calculation as this leads to more meaningful inferences from the data and analysis. Type of study Review article. Level of evidence N/A.
Organophosphate intoxication in 2 dogs from ingestion of cattle ear tags

Objective To describe 2 cases of organophosphate intoxication through a previously unreported method of exposure. Case series A 2-year-old intact male Australian Cattle Dog (case 1) presented with progressive muscarinic and nicotinic clinical signs, and a 3-year-old neutered male mixed breed dog (case 2) presented after known ingestion of cattle ear tags. The dog in case 1 was discovered to have ingested cattle ear tags after abdominal radiographs. Organophosphate testing of gastric contents confirmed diazinon toxicosis. The dog in case 2 was found to be eating ear tags by the owner. The tags in case 2 contained diazinon and coumaphos. The dog in case 1 was treated with gastric lavage, gastroprotectants, prokinetics, antiemetics, pralidoxime chloride, and atropine. The dog in case 2 was treated with pralidoxime chloride. Both patients received standard supportive and nursing care and recovered completely with no further concerns. New or unique information provided This is a novel exposure to organophosphates that has not been reported in small animals. In dogs with relevant clinical signs and potential environmental exposure, cattle ear tag ingestion is an important differential diagnosis to consider.
Wound Photobiomodulation Treatment Outcomes in Animal Models

The possibilities that photobiomodulation has brought on to the medical field are ever expanding and the scope it has reached is infinite. Determining how this relatively new treatment technique can be incorporated into the veterinary medical field is of interest to many medical professionals. In this review, we examine the treatment outcomes of low-level-laser therapy (LLLT) in different animal models to pinpoint any similarities between the studies. A search was conducted to identify LLLT studies using different animal models with an open or closed wound. The studies were compared to identify the laser parameters that resulted in positive treatment outcomes. The overall result of the studies examined indicated that daily laser exposure at a wavelength of a 600 or 800 nm range was the most beneficial across the rodent studies regardless of health status or wound type. More studies on rabbit, canine, and equine models are needed to explain the inconsistent results reviewed and find the correct treatment parameters for these species. Further research involving LLLT studies that focus on different factors including health status, treatment interval, wavelength, and energy density is needed to help validate our knowledge about the efficacy of using photobiomodulation in the veterinary medical field.
Assessing the roles of Cu- and Ag-deficient layers in chalcopyrite-based solar cells through first principles calculations

Chalcopyrites are a demonstrated material platform for realizing efficient thin-film photovoltaics, with the most well known Cu(In,Ga) Se 2 (CIGS)-based solar cells exceeding 23%. Several factors, including flexibility in tuning the absorber bandgap, enhanced surface treatments, and the electrically benign nature of common defects are responsible for the existing high performance and future promise in chalcopyrite-based photovoltaic devices. The introduction of Cu-poor phases (also known as ordered-vacancy compounds or OVCs) between the absorber and buffer layers in CIGS solar cells is known to enhance device performance; however, the overall properties and role of OVCs remain poorly understood. Using first principles calculations based on the density functional theory with screened hybrid functionals, we explore the electronic structure and stability of OVCs and their band offsets with defect-free chalcopyrite layers in Cu- and Ag-based compounds ( ABX 2 where A = Cu, Ag; B = In, Ga, Al; and X = S, Se). Using AB 3 X 5 and AB 5 X 8 stoichiometries as model OVC systems, we report on the variation of the bandgap with the A/B ratio and discuss the trends in other Cu- and Ag-based chalcopyrites beyond CuInSe 2. We find that the valence and conduction bands are lower in energy in OVCs with respect to the parent ABX 2 chalcopyrite owing to a reduced p– d interaction between X and A atoms. We additionally perform device-level simulations to assess the implications of the results, finding that the valence band offsets of OVCs are favorable, while the conduction band offsets of chalcopyrites beyond CuInSe 2-based absorbers may be detrimental in conventional solar cell device designs.
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer.

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are critical regulators of cell cycle progression in both normal and malignant cells, functioning through complex molecular interactions. Deregulation of CDK-depende...
Rhetoric’s Pragmatism: Essays in Rhetorical Hermeneutics, by Steven Mailloux

Our period of foreshortened attention spans corresponds to a glittering array of urgent demands on attention. Within each disciplinary community, scholarship of substance proliferates exponentially...
Total daily physical activity, brain pathologies, and parkinsonism in older adults.

Objective We examined the association of physical activity, postmortem brain pathologies, and parkinsonism proximate to death in older adults. Methods We studied the brains of 447 older decedents participating in a clinical-autopsy cohort study. We deployed a wrist worn activity monitor to record total daily physical activity during everyday living in the community-setting. Parkinsonism was assessed with 26 items of a modified motor portion of Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). We used linear regression models, controlling for age and sex, to examine the association of physical activity with parkinsonism with and without indices of Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRD) pathologies. In separate models, we added interaction terms to examine if physical activity modified the associations of brain pathologies with parkinsonism. Results Mean age at death was 90.9 (SD, 6.2), mean severity of parkinsonism was 14.1 (SD, 9.2, Range 0–59.4), and 350 (77%) had evidence of more than one ADRD pathologies. Higher total daily physical activity was associated with less severe parkinsonism (Estimate, -0.315, S.E., 0.052, p<0.001). The association of more physical activity with less severe parkinsonism persisted after adding terms for ten brain pathologies (Estimate, -0.283, S.E., 0.052, p<0.001). The associations of brain pathologies with more severe parkinsonism did not vary with the level of physical activity. Conclusion The association of higher physical activity with less severe parkinsonism may be independent of the presence of ADRD brain pathologies. Further work is needed to identify mechanisms through which physical activity may maintain motor function in older adults.
Personalizing Diabetes Prevention: Is it Time to Focus on the Intervention?

Thereareapproximately86 million adults withprediabetes in the United States, 1 and an estimated 70 % of these individuals will develop type 2 diabetes during their lifetime. Several clinical trials have shown a remarkable reduction of diabetes incidence with intensive lifestyle interventions, 2 but these behavioral changes are difficult to sustain. Less intensive trials testing the real-world effectiveness of behavioral interventions in various settings have found about half the effect on weight loss as the intensive trials. 3 As we enter this age of personalized medicine, could knowing one’s genetic risk motivate patients to make and sustain effective behavioral changes? In this issue of JGIM, Voils and colleagues tested whether the addition of genetic risk results to standard diabetes risk estimates with brief lifestyle counseling would be more effective than standard diabetes risk estimates with lifestyle counseling alone for weight loss and behavioral outcomes among veterans. 4 In this well-designed randomized controlled trial conducted in a primary care setting, investigators analyzed three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with diabetes risk to calculate the genetic risk for the intervention group and categorized their genetic risk as low, moderate, or high. They found that weight, insulin resistance, physical activity and perceivedlifetimeriskof diabetes didnot differ between groups at 3 or 6 months. Daily caloric intake and fat intake were lower in the genetic-risk–informed group at 3 months, but there was no difference at 6 months. This result did not vary among those with high, moderate or low genetic risk in the intervention arm. A prior trial performed in another primary care setting found similarly unimpressive effects of providing genetic risk information from 36 diabetes risk SNPs to participants enrolled in a diabetes prevention program on short-term outcomes of motivation, program attendance or weight loss. 5
A note on information-theoretic bounds on matrix completion under union of subspaces model

In this short paper, we extend some of the recent results on matrix completion under the assumption that the columns of the matrix can be grouped (clustered) into subspaces (not necessarily disjoint or independent). This model deviates from the typical assumption prevalent in the literature dealing with compression and recovery for big-data applications. The results have a direct bearing on the problem of subspace clustering under missing or incomplete information.
Clinical application of cell-free next-generation sequencing for infectious diseases at a tertiary children’s hospital

Children affected by infectious diseases may not always have a detectable infectious etiology. Diagnostic uncertainty can lead to prolonged hospitalizations, inappropriately broad or extended courses of antibiotics, invasive diagnostic procedures, and difficulty predicting the clinical course and outcome. Cell-free plasma next-generation sequencing (cfNGS) can identify viral, bacterial, and fungal infections by detecting pathogen DNA in peripheral blood. This testing modality offers the ability to test for many organisms at once in a shotgun metagenomic approach with a rapid turnaround time. We sought to compare the results of cfNGS to conventional diagnostic test results and describe the impact of cfNGS on clinical care in a diverse pediatric population at a large academic children’s hospital. We performed a retrospective chart review of hospitalized subjects at a tertiary pediatric hospital to determine the diagnostic yield of cfNGS and its impact on clinical care. We describe the clinical application of results from 142 cfNGS tests in the management of 110 subjects over an 8-month study period. In comparison to conventional testing as a reference standard, cfNGS was found to have a positive percent agreement of 89.6% and negative percent agreement of 52.3%. Furthermore, 32.4% of cfNGS results were directly applied to make a clinical change in management. We demonstrate the clinically utility of cfNGS in the management of acutely ill children. Future studies, both retrospective and prospective, are needed to clarify the optimal indications for testing.
Air Bubble Detection Based on Portable mm- Wave Doppler Radars

This paper provides a feasibility study for the noncontact detection and monitoring for the presence of moving gas phases in gas-liquid flows based on portable mm-wave Doppler radars. The identification of moving gas phases is of paramount importance in a large range of areas such as petroleum, biomedical, and food processing industries. Several experiments were carried out to verify the feasibility of the non-invasive air bubbles detection using Doppler radars. The mm-wave radar sensor captures and down-converts the microwave signal, which is phase-modu-lated by the linear motion of the air-water interface inside the pipe. The high sensitivity of the mm-wave radar sensor also allows the estimation of the speed of the air bubbles.
Determination of The Effect of Different Plant Densities and Nitrogen Doses on Agronomical Traits of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) In Conditions of The Northern-East Transitional Region Conditions of Turkey

This study was carried out to determine the differences in yield and quality characteristics of different plant density and nitrogen doses in sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt) during 2017 and 2018 years. This research was conducted according to a split-plot design with three replications in the Bingol University Faculty of Agriculture Application and Research Farm. Vega sweet corn hybrid was measured with three intra-row spacing (15, 20, 25 cm) and five pure nitrogen doses (0, 80, 160, 240, 320 N kg ha-1) were grown. In the study, the increasing nitrogen dose showed a significant rise in number of ears per plant , number of kernels per ear, relative chlorophyll content, water-soluble solids content, and fresh ear yield . It was determined that plant density positievly effected fresh ear yield; but the number of kernels per ear, the number of ears per plant, relative chlorophyll content were decreased. The highest fresh ear yield was determined D15 (13106 kg ha-1) in terms of plant density and N3 (15905 kg ha-1) in terms of nitrogen dose according to the combined experiment years analysis. Considering the average of years, 240 N kg ha-1 (N3) and approximately 100000 plants per hectare (S15) for optimum the fresh ear yield fertilizer application are recommended.
Spatial dependence of the interaction between a single aerosol and a laser filament on its reformation

The analysis of the filament destruction and reformation as a single aerosol is positioned along the radial and longitudinal axes of the filament provides more understanding of the propagation of filaments in aerosol-containing media.
Brain metastases in patients with no known primary tumor.

BACKGROUND The care of patients with a brain metastasis from unknown primary site is controversial. The authors reviewed the results of stereotactic radiosurgery in this group of patients to better define clinical expectations. METHODS During an 11-year interval, radiosurgery was performed in 421 patients with brain metastases at the University of Pittsburgh. Fifteen patients had solitary or multiple (≤ 5) brain metastases without a detectable primary site at the time of initial presentation. In five patients, a histologic diagnosis of cancer was obtained from extracranial metastatic sites. In 10 patients, a diagnosis was obtained from the brain. A total of 31 tumors with a mean volume of 4.3 mL (range, 0.05–18.6 mL) underwent radiosurgery with a mean marginal dose of 16.2 Gray (Gy) (range, 12–20 Gy). Fourteen patients (93.3%) also received whole brain fractionated radiation therapy. RESULTS The median survival was 15 months after radiosurgery (range, 1–48 months) and 27 months after their initial diagnosis of cancer. In 4 patients (26.7%), the primary tumor was discovered later (lung in 3 patients and liver in 1). Three of these four patients died due to progression of their primary tumor. Of the remaining 11 patients, 4 died of progression of extracranial metastases, 2 died of other systemic diseases, and 3 patients died because of progression of brain metastasis. Three patients (20%) were still living between 21–48 months after radiosurgery. The presence of active systemic disease and brain stem location both were associated with a poor outcome (P = 0.004 and 0.04). The actuarial imaging-defined local tumor control rate was 91.3 ± 5.9% at 4 years. CONCLUSIONS Radiosurgery was an effective strategy for patients with brain metastases from an unknown primary site. Disease progression outside of the brain was the usual cause for patient death. Cancer 2000;89:1095–1101. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Exploiting inter-file access patterns using multi-collective I/O

This paper introduces a new concept called Multi-Collective I/O (MCIO) that extends conventional collective I/O to optimize I/O accesses to multiple arrays simultaneously. In this approach, as in collective I/O, multiple processors co-ordinate to perform I/O on behalf of each other if doing so improves overall I/O time. However, unlike collective I/O, MCIO considers multiple arrays simultaneously; that is, it has a more global view of the overall I/O behavior exhibited by application. This paper shows that determining optimal MCIO access pattern is an NP-complete problem, and proposes two different heuristics for the access pattern detection problem (also called the assignment problem). Both of the heuristics have been implemented within a runtime library, and tested using a large-scale scientific application. Our preliminary results show that MCIO outperforms collective I/O by as much as 87%. Our runtime library-based implementation can be used by users as well as optimizing compilers. Based on our results, we recommend future library designers for I/O-intensive applications to include MCIO in their suite of optimizations.
Verification of the 3D finite element gun code MICHELLE on a gridded gun

Modeling gridded guns is one of the principal motivations for the development of the 3D finite element gun code MICHELLE. In addition to computing the effect of grid wires on the electron beam, there is also a desire to perform tolerance studies. We report on recent verification studies which assess the quality of MICHELLE simulations of a gridded gun. Both the accuracy and the qualitative behavior of the gun code will be discussed.