cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific hip osteoarthritis-associated gait abnormalities: Alterations in dynamic hip abductor function differ in men and women

Abstract Background Hip osteoarthritis results in abnormal gait mechanics, but it is not known whether abnormalities are the same in men and women. The hypothesis tested was that gait abnormalities are different in men and women with hip osteoarthritis vs. sex-specific asymptomatic groups. Methods 150 subjects with mild through severe radiographic hip osteoarthritis and 159 asymptomatic subjects were identified from an Institutional Review Board-approved motion analysis data repository. Sagittal plane hip range of motion and peak external moments about the hip, in all three planes, averaged from normal speed walking trials, were compared for men and women, with and without hip osteoarthritis using analysis of variance. Findings There were significant sex by group interactions for the external peak hip adduction and external rotation moments ( P = 0.009–0.045). Although asymptomatic women had peak adduction and external rotation moments that were respectively 12% higher and 23% lower than asymptomatic men ( P = 0.026–0.037), these variables did not differ between men and women with hip osteoarthritis ( P ≥ 0.684). The osteoarthritis vs. asymptomatic group difference in the peak hip adduction moment was 45% larger in women than in men. The osteoarthritis vs. asymptomatic group difference in the peak hip external rotation moment was 55% larger for men than for women ( P Interpretation Normal sex differences in gait were not seen in hip osteoarthritis. Sex-specific adaptations may reflect different aspects of hip abductor function. Men and women with hip osteoarthritis may require different interventions to improve function.
Restoring diabetes-induced autophagic flux arrest in ischemic/reperfused heart by ADIPOR (adiponectin receptor) activation involves both AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent signaling

ABSTRACTMacroautophagy/autophagy is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI-R) injury. However, whether and how diabetes may alter autophagy in response to MI-R remains unknown. Deficiency of ADIPOQ, a cardioprotective molecule, markedly increases MI-R injury. However, the role of diabetic hypoadiponectinemia in cardiac autophagy alteration after MI-R is unclear. Utilizing normal control (NC), high-fat-diet-induced diabetes, and Adipoq knockout (adipoq−/−) mice, we demonstrated that autophagosome formation was modestly inhibited and autophagosome clearance was markedly impaired in the diabetic heart subjected to MI-R. adipoq−/− largely reproduced the phenotypic alterations observed in the ischemic-reperfused diabetic heart. Treatment of diabetic and adipoq−/− mice with AdipoRon, a novel ADIPOR (adiponectin receptor) agonist, stimulated autophagosome formation, markedly increased autophagosome clearance, reduced infarct size, and improved cardiac function (P...
Scandal, critical gossip, and queer failure: Jacqueline Susann, Valley of the Dolls, and star biography

This article explores the career and stardom of Jacqueline Susann, the celebrity author of the bestselling showbiz romans-a-clef Valley of the Dolls, The Love Machine, and Once Is Not Enough. Susann remained a subject of numerous star narratives, including the protagonists of her novels, Barbara Seaman’s biography Lovely Me, the biopics Isn’t She Great and Scandalous Me, and the dyke zine (and eventual website) Dead Jackie Susann Quarterly. Historical reception analysis, queer theory, and emerging approaches to star analysis help illuminate Susann’s enduring appeal to queer and feminist audiences, and related to that the ‘failure’/‘success’ binary structuring star biographies, cultural value systems, and social hierarchies. From her initial rise to superstardom to her resurgence 30 years later, star biographies by and about Jackie Susann engendered and reflected critical gossip and ambivalent fandom, subversive cultural work of women and gay men that delighted in cultural and social failure. The u...
Human platelets exert cytotoxic effects on tumor cells

Monocytes are thought to play a role in host resistance to tumor cell growth in animals and humans. In addition, platelets are known to be involved in tumor metastases. To investigate the interaction of these two cell types and their effect on tumor cells, human monocytes and platelets were examined using an in vitro monocyte-tumor cell cytotoxicity assay. Monocytes alone resulted in 32% +/- 1.5 (mean +/- SEM) tumor cell kill. When platelets were added to monocytes in a 1:1 ratio, an increase in cytotoxicity to 61% +/- 3.2 was observed. The cytotoxicity noted when platelets were added to a fixed number of monocytes and tumor cells was dependent on the number of platelets added. A decrease in cytotoxicity from 32% +/- 1.5 to 12% +/- 2.3 was observed when contaminating platelets were removed from monocyte preparations. Platelets added to tumor cells in the absence of any monocytes were also toxic, resulting in a maximum kill of 95% at a 4:1 platelet/tumor cell ratio. Secreted products of freshly isolated platelets may be responsible for much of the observed cytotoxicity, since supernatants from the platelets were toxic for tumor cells. Platelets pretreated with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (ASA) or a lipoxygenase inhibitor had decreased cytotoxicity compared with untreated platelets. Our results indicate that products of platelet arachidonate metabolism are toxic for tumor cell lines. They also suggest that the role of the platelet must be considered when studying monocyte-tumor cell cytotoxicity.
Where should patient safety be installed

The structure of an organization is important, and structure has a profound influence on the way people work and what gets done. Where work units and individuals in an organization are placed, to whom they report, and with whom they are grouped signals power, prestige, and privilege. It also divides workers into groups with common interests and motivations. The question is, where should patient safety be placed in a health care organization? Such a question can be answered only within a framework of understanding that gives a clear definition to patient safety. We define safety, as do safety professionals from other industries, as the reduction of risk. This definition is also in concert with the risk management model that identifies claims management, risk financing, and loss control as its foundational triad.
Learning to Buy (and Sell) Demand Response

Abstract We adopt the perspective of an aggregator, which seeks to coordinate its purchase of demand reductions from a fixed group of residential electricity customers, with its sale of the aggregate demand reduction in a two-settlement wholesale energy market. The aggregator procures reductions in demand by offering its customers a uniform price for reductions in consumption relative to their predetermined baselines. Prior to its realization of the aggregate demand reduction, the aggregator must also determine how much energy to sell into the two-settlement energy market. In the day-ahead market, the aggregator commits to a forward contract, which calls for the delivery of energy in the real-time market. The underlying aggregate demand curve, which relates the aggregate demand reduction to the aggregator’s offered price, is assumed to be affine and subject to unobservable, random shocks. Assuming that both the parameters of the demand curve and the distribution of the random shocks are initially unknown to the aggregator, we investigate the extent to which the aggregator might dynamically adapt its DR prices and forward contracts to maximize its expected profit over a window of T days. Specifically, we design a data-driven pricing and contract offering policy that resolves the aggregator’s need to learn the unknown demand model with its desire to maximize its cumulative expected profit over time. The proposed pricing policy is proven to exhibit a regret over T days that is at most O (√ T ).
Oncologists’ experiences with goals of care conversations.

50Background: ASCO guidelines suggest that patients with advanced cancer should have goals of care (GoC) conversations with their oncologists, yet only 37% report having them, often at the end of l...
THE IMPACT OF CIRCULATING GALECTIN-3 LEVELS ON LONG-TERM OUTCOMES AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN THE COMMUNITY

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is implicated in cardiac fibrosis and pathological remodeling. Whether Gal-3 levels are associated with adverse long-term outcomes after MI is unclear. We sought to examine the impact of Gal-3 on long term outcomes in a large community cohort of incident (first-ever) MI. A
“Dogs are Great Listeners”: A University Course Project Leads to Young Children’s Reading to Shelter Dogs

This chapter reports on a multistep university course project on dogs and children, which ultimately led to a community outreach of young children reading to shelter dogs. First, we review the research and anecdotal accounts about the benefits of animal-assisted activities (AAA), in particular benefits that children gained from the interaction with dogs. Also we give an overview of the current status of the infusion of humane education in teacher education courses. Then, we describe a university course project which aimed to activate early childhood professionals’ awareness about the positive contributions of the child-dog interaction for child development, and about possible curricular integration. Furthermore, we describe an initiative called Reading Buddies, in which young children read to shelter dogs. This program was created as a consequent step of the university course project. The insights and voices of participants both in the course and the community outreach program are shared. The chapter concludes with recommendations for collaborative projects between university and animal welfare groups, such as Reading Buddies—a project in which children read aloud to shelter dogs.
Isolation and Characterization of Prostate Stem Cells

Based on the unique capacity of the rodent prostate to undergo seemingly endless rounds of androgen cycling in response to castration and androgen add-back, the prostate has been proposed to contain long-term self-renewing stem cells. However the prospective isolation and characterization of stem-like cells from rodent and human prostate tissue has only been described over the last 2 decades. Several models of epithelial homeostasis in the adult prostate have been proposed based on either the presence of a multipotent tissue stem cell that differentiates through a series of intermediate developmental stages or the coexistence of multiple unipotent lineage-restricted stem cells. The isolation of cells with stem and progenitor activity is an important first step to delineate the epithelial hierarchy of the prostate. In addition, isolation of stem cells allows characterization of their functional capacities and the molecular programs regulating their activity. These studies will enable detection or targeting of stem and progenitor cells during various stages of neoplastic transformation and tumor progression, including the lethal phase of the disease, castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Digital Image Processing for Spatial Object Recognition via Integration of Nonlinear Wavelet-Based Denoising and Clustering-Based Segmentation

Spatial digital image analysis plays an important role in information decision support systems, especially for regions frequently affected by hurricanes and tropical storms. For aerial and satellite imaging based pattern recognition, it is unavoidable for these images to be affected by various uncertainties, such as atmospheric medium dispersion. Image denoising is thus necessary to remove noise and retain important digital image signatures. The linear denoising approach is suitable for slow variation noise cases. However, the spatial object recognition problem is essentially nonlinear. Being a nonlinear wavelet based technique, wavelet decomposition is effective for denoising blurred spatial images. The digital image is split into four subbands, representing approximation and three details (high frequency features) in the horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions. The proposed soft thresholding wavelet decomposition is simple and efficient for noise reduction. To further identify the individual targets, a nonlinear K-means clustering based segmentation approach is proposed for image object recognition. Selected spatial images were taken across hurricane affected Louisiana areas. In addition for the evaluation of this integration approach via qualitative observation, quantitative measures are proposed on the basis of information theory. Discrete entropy, discrete energy and mutual information are applied for accurate decision support.
Survival strategies of the yeast plasmid two-micron circle.

The multicopy yeast plasmid 2-micron circle uses a number of strategies to insure its persistence in its host. The plasmid confers no selective phenotype to the cell in which it is resident. Nonetheless, the plasmid is lost at less than 1 per 105 cell divisions during continuous exponential growth. We have determined that the plasmid persists at least in part due to the ability of the plasmid to amplify its mean copy number when its cellular copy level is low and to distribute plasmid molecules equally between mother and daughter cells at mitosis. We have found that amplification of plasmid copy number occurs by a novel mechanism in which site-specific recombination induces a transient shift in the mode of replication from theta to rolling circle. Equitable partitioning of plasmid molecules requires plasmid-encoded proteins and a centromere-like segment on the plasmid. We have accumulated evidence consistent with a model of partitioning in which the partitioning proteins form a transnuclear structure that is responsible for distributing plasmid molecules throughout the nucleus prior to cell division. In this chapter we describe evidence supporting the existence and mode of action of these two plasmid strategies and discuss the extent to which these strategies may be a pervasive facet of the biology of eukaryotic extrachromosomal elements.
Dynamic functional network connectivity in Huntington's disease and its associations with motor and cognitive measures.

Dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) is an expansion of traditional, static FNC that measures connectivity variation among brain networks throughout scan duration. We used a large resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) sample from the PREDICT-HD study (N = 183 Huntington disease gene mutation carriers [HDgmc] and N = 78 healthy control [HC] participants) to examine whole-brain dFNC and its associations with CAG repeat length as well as the product of scaled CAG length and age, a variable representing disease burden. We also tested for relationships between functional connectivity and motor and cognitive measurements. Group independent component analysis was applied to rs-fMRI data to obtain whole-brain resting state networks. FNC was defined as the correlation between RSN time-courses. Dynamic FNC behavior was captured using a sliding time window approach, and FNC results from each window were assigned to four clusters representing FNC states, using a k-means clustering algorithm. HDgmc individuals spent significantly more time in State-1 (the state with the weakest FNC pattern) compared to HC. However, overall HC individuals showed more FNC dynamism than HDgmc. Significant associations between FNC states and genetic and clinical variables were also identified. In FNC State-4 (the one that most resembled static FNC), HDgmc exhibited significantly decreased connectivity between the putamen and medial prefrontal cortex compared to HC, and this was significantly associated with cognitive performance. In FNC State-1, disease burden in HDgmc participants was significantly associated with connectivity between the postcentral gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex, as well as between the inferior occipital gyrus and posterior parietal cortex.
Pediatric Cranial Fasciitis: Discussion of Cases and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objective Cranial fasciitis is a rare benign mass that typically presents in pediatric patients from 3 weeks to 6 years of age. It is classified as a subset of nodular fasciitis and was first reported in 1980. This study evaluates the literature for common characteristics that may affect diagnosis and treamtent. Methods We describe the case of a 13-month-old girl with a history of accidental head trauma 7 months before presentation and the case of a 5-month-old girl with an expansile skull lesion. We also performed a systematic review of the reported data on cranial fasciitis, including a total of 57 reported studies with 80 unique cases. Results There were 80 total cases reviewed in the literature. There was a male predominence, 1.75:1. The average age at presentation was 5.2 years. The most common causes for this lesion were idiopathic (65%), blunt trauma (14%) and radiation therapy (7%). Overall, there was a 9% recurrence rate following treatment. Conclusion We report the characteristics at presentation, including, to the best of our knowledge, the first account of gender differences, and the treatment modalities used in the included studies and the implications in relation to the recurrence rates.
Data science ethical considerations: a systematic literature review and proposed project framework

Data science, and the related field of big data, is an emerging discipline involving the analysis of data to solve problems and develop insights. This rapidly growing domain promises many benefits to both consumers and businesses. However, the use of big data analytics can also introduce many ethical concerns, stemming from, for example, the possible loss of privacy or the harming of a sub-category of the population via a classification algorithm. To help address these potential ethical challenges, this paper maps and describes the main ethical themes that were identified via systematic literature review. It then identifies a possible structure to integrate these themes within a data science project, thus helping to provide some structure in the on-going debate with respect to the possible ethical situations that can arise when using data science analytics.
State-interaction pair density functional theory for locally avoided crossings of potential energy surfaces in methylamine

The strong couplings between electronic states in conical intersection regions are among the most challenging problems in quantum chemistry. XMS-CASPT2, a second-order multireference quasidegenerate perturbation theory, has been successful in describing potential energy surfaces near the conical intersections. We have recently proposed a less expensive method for this problem, namely state-interaction pair-density functional theory (SI-PDFT), which considers the coupling between electronic states described by multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT). Here we test the accuracy of SI-PDFT for closely coupled potential energy surfaces of methylamine along five different reaction paths for N–H bond fission. We choose paths that pass close to a conical intersection of the ground and first excited states. We find that SI-PDFT predicts potential energy curves and energy splittings near the locally avoided crossing in close proximity to those obtained by XMS-CASPT2. This validates the method for application to photochemical simulations.
Dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder in women in partial and residential levels of psychiatric care

The dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is estimated to characterize about 12-30% of those with PTSD. Some research links this subtype with increased severity of PTSD symptoms compared to samples with "classic" PTSD. However, prevalence and severity rates reported in the literature have varied. One possible explanation for these discrepancies could be related to where the populations were sampled. Therefore, we investigated whether these differences are still observed when holding level of care constant. We collected data from 104 women at a partial and residential psychiatric hospital program focused on trauma-related disorders. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing trauma exposure, symptoms and provisional diagnosis of PTSD, trauma-related thoughts and beliefs, and feelings of shame. All participants reported a history of childhood and/or adulthood trauma exposure. Eighty-eight (85%) met criteria for PTSD, and of those, seventy-three (83%) met criteria for the dissociative subtype as assessed by the Dissociative Subtype of PTSD Scale. A series of independent t-tests revealed no significant differences between the "classic" and dissociative PTSD groups with respect to lifetime or childhood trauma exposure, posttraumatic cognitions, shame, or overall PTSD severity. Our results suggest that samples with classic PTSD and the dissociative subtype may not differ in some types of symptom severity when holding level of care constant. Importantly, however, we found at partial/residential level of care the majority of patients with PTSD were dissociative. Given the elevated prevalence rate in this sample, these findings support the need to assess dissociative symptoms, particularly in more acute psychiatric settings.
Multi-domain Dialogue State Tracking as Dynamic Knowledge Graph Enhanced Question Answering.

Multi-domain dialogue state tracking (DST) is a critical component for conversational AI systems. The domain ontology (i.e., specification of domains, slots, and values) of a conversational AI system is generally incomplete, making the capability for DST models to generalize to new slots, values, and domains during inference imperative. In this paper, we propose to model multi-domain DST as a question answering problem, referred to as Dialogue State Tracking via Question Answering (DSTQA). Within DSTQA, each turn generates a question asking for the value of a (domain, slot) pair, thus making it naturally extensible to unseen domains, slots, and values. Additionally, we use a dynamically-evolving knowledge graph to explicitly learn relationships between (domain, slot) pairs. Our model has a 5.80% and 12.21% relative improvement over the current state-of-the-art model on MultiWOZ 2.0 and MultiWOZ 2.1 datasets, respectively. Additionally, our model consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art model in domain adaptation settings. (Code is released at this https URL )
Social categorization modulates own-age bias in face recognition and ERP correlates of face processing

Abstract The aim of the present study was to further understanding of how social categorization influences face recognition. According to the categorization-individuation model, face recognition can either be biased toward categorization or individuation. We hypothesized that the face recognition bias associated with a social category (e.g., the own-age bias) would be larger when faces were initially categorized according to that category. To examine this hypothesis, young adults (N = 63) completed a face recognition task after either making age or sex judgments while encoding child and adult faces. Young adults showed the own-age and own-sex biases in face recognition. Consistent with our hypothesis, the magnitude of the own-age bias in face recognition was larger when individuals made age, rather than sex, judgments at encoding. To probe the mechanisms underlying this effect, we examined ERP responses to child and adult faces across the social categorization conditions. Neither the P1 nor the N170 ERP components were modulated by the social categorization task or the social category membership of the face. However, the P2, which is associated with second-order configural processing, was larger to adult faces than child faces only in the age categorization condition. The N250, which is associated with individuation, was larger (i.e., more negative) to adult than child faces and during age categorization than sex categorization. These results are interpreted within the context of the categorization-individuation model and current research on biases in face recognition.
A common variant in the CDKN2B gene on chromosome 9p21 protects against coronary artery disease in Americans of African ancestry.

A 58 kb region on chromosome 9p21.3 has consistently shown strong association with coronary artery disease (CAD) in multiple genome-wide association studies in populations of European and East Asian ancestry. In this study, we sought to further characterize the role of genetic variants in 9p21.3 in African American individuals. Apparently healthy African American siblings (n=548) of patients with documented CAD <60 years of age were genotyped and followed for incident CAD for up to 17 years. Tests of association for 86 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the 9p21.3 region in a generalized estimating equation logistic framework under an additive model adjusting for traditional risk factors, family, follow-up time and population stratification were performed. A single SNP within the CDKN2B gene met stringent criteria for statistical significance, including permutation-based evaluations. This variant, rs3217989, was common (minor allele (G) frequency 0.242), conveyed protection against CAD (odds ratio (OR)=0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07 to 0.50, P=0.0008) and was replicated in a combined analysis of two additional case/control studies of prevalent CAD/MI in African Americans (n=990, P=0.024, OR=0.779, 95% CI: 0.626–0.968). This is the first report of a CAD association signal in a population of African ancestry with a common variant within the CDKN2B gene, independent from previous findings in European and East Asian ancestry populations. The findings demonstrate a significant protective effect against incident CAD in African American siblings of persons with premature CAD, with replication in a combination of two additional African American cohorts.
Student Success as Preemption: Predictive Constructions of Futures-to-Never-Come

Abstract The student success movement in higher education has shifted the dominant logic of university operations from Astin’s Input-Environment-Output to Massumi’s logic of preemption. Predictive analytics, a key technology of the student success movement, are a manifestation of this qualitative shift in institutional logics. No longer content to prevent student failure, we must now preempt it, and this shift in logic is remaking undergraduate education in ways heretofore unconsidered. In this shift, student success no longer shapes reality through environmental adjustments, but creates its own realities using success as a desired outcome held permanently in the future. This worldmaking is examined through the new empiricisms in two areas: the concept of wasted credits and the subject position of the stealth student. The impasses present at these locations create both futures-to-never-come as well as the space for critical anticipations of speculative futures.
Environmental Injustice in the Disaster Cycle: Hurricane Harvey and the Texas Gulf Coast

We apply an environmental justice lens to synthesize knowledge of disparities experienced by Hurricane Harvey survivors based on race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) across the disaster ph...
A simple event weighting technique: optimizing the measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of Drell-Yan dilepton and top-antitop pairs at hadron colliders

We describe a simple technique for optimizing the extraction of the forward-backward asymmetry (A fb) of Drell-Yan lepton pairs (e + e −, μ + μ −) produced in $\bar{p}p$ and pp collisions at hadron colliders. The method employs simple event weights which are functions of the rapidity and |cos θ| decay angle of the lepton pair. It yields the best estimate of the acceptance corrected parton level ( $\bar{q}q$ ) forward backward asymmetry as a function of final state dilepton mass (M l l ). Typically, when compared to the simple count method, the technique reduces the statistical errors by 20% for $\bar{p}p$ , and 40% for pp collisions, respectively. The method is equivalent to using the maximum likelihood method, but is much easier to implement. The technique can be used to search for new high mass and large width Z’ bosons which may be best detected through the observation of deviations from the Standard Model expectation for the forward-backward asymmetry. The technique can also be applied in the extraction of the foward-backward asymmetry in the production of top-antitop pairs.
Supra-Electroporation of Irregularly Shaped 3D Cell Morphologies

If the duration of the external excitation field in an electroporation setup is less than the membrane charging time, the induced electric field can penetrate to the internal cell organelles. This phenomenon, otherwise known as supra-electroporation, is a breakthrough in cell biology engineering because of its potential application in drug delivery and gene transfection. The emphasis of this study is to computationally analyze the effect of the three-dimensional (3D) cell shape on its supra-electroporation behavior. The computational experiments are conducted using a multiphysics solver that combines a quasi-static electromagnetic solver with a well-established non-linear membrane model to account for the changes in membrane conductivity due to the formation of nanopores. The spatial and temporal variations of the nanopores introduced to the nucleus membrane are quantified for realistic cell shape, indicating the importance of the consideration of the actual 3D cell morphology in supra-electroporation studies.
Sero-monitoring of health care workers reveals complex relationships between common coronavirus antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 severity

Recent common coronavirus (CCV) infections are associated with reduced COVID-19 severity upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, however the immunological mechanisms involved are unknown. We completed serological assays using samples collected from health care workers to identify antibody types associated with SARS-CoV-2 protection and COVID-19 severity. Rare SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive antibodies elicited by past CCV infections were not associated with protection; however, the duration of symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infections was significantly reduced in individuals with higher common betacoronavirus (βCoV) antibody titers. Since antibody titers decline over time after CCV infections, individuals in our cohort with higher βCoV antibody titers were more likely recently infected with common βCoVs compared to individuals with lower antibody titers. Therefore, our data suggest that recent βCoV infections potentially limit the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections through mechanisms that do not involve cross-reactive antibodies. Our data are consistent with the emerging hypothesis that cellular immune responses elicited by recent common βCoV infections transiently reduce disease severity following SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Decision Making Regarding Trauma Patients in Rhode Island who Present on Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Agents: A Multidisciplinary and Collaborative Approach.

OBJECTIVES Use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications (AAMs) is increasing significantly with our growing population of older adults. AAMs worsen outcomes in trauma patients. Our goal was to improve collaboration between trauma and outpatient providers and to improve safety in making decisions on anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications(AAMs) after injuries. DESIGN A risk management initiative. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Patients that suffered traumatic injury while on anticoagulation or antiplatelets medications at a level I university trauma center. METHODS IRB approval was obtained to review records for medications, demographics, mechanism and type of injury, and indication for preinjury AAM use. Inpatient trauma team providers contacted the primary prescriber. A collaborative decision was made regarding AAM plans. RESULTS One hundred and five patients, mean age 79 years, were followed. The three most common AAMs were warfarin (69 patients), clopidogrel (24), and Factor Xa inhibitors (16). Atrial fibrillation was the most common indication for AAMs (70 patients), venous thrombosis (14) and TIA/CVA (11). Falls were the most frequent injury mechanism, 79.4%. Soft tissue hematomas (27.4%), TBI (16%), and pelvic fractures (12.3%) were the most common injuries. In 56.6% AAMs were held until follow-up, 31.1% had AAMs resumed at discharge, and AAMs were held indefinitely in 12.3%. Patients discharged to home versus facility (37 vs 18% p<0.05), <75 years of age (47 vs 27% p<0.05) were more likely to have AAMs resumed at discharge. Patients who suffered falls versus MVC mechanism were less likely to have AAMs resumed at discharge (28 vs 82% p<0.05). CHA2DS2-VASc scores were similar between decision groups. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This is the first description of mandatory communication between trauma and outpatient providers to guide decision making on AAMs after injury. Efforts should be made to determine if this mitigates risk by following patients longterm. This communication should become standard for a population that is often elderly, frail, and at risk of repeat injuries.
The Chinese Room Argument Reconsidered: Essentialism, Indeterminacy, and Strong AI

I argue that John Searle's (1980) influential Chinese room argument (CRA) against computationalism and strong AI survives existing objections, including Block's (1998) internalized systems reply, Fodor's (1991b) deviant causal chain reply, and Hauser's (1997) unconscious content reply. However, a new ``essentialist'' reply I construct shows that the CRA as presented by Searle is an unsound argument that relies on a question-begging appeal to intuition. My diagnosis of the CRA relies on an interpretation of computationalism as a scientific theory about the essential nature of intentional content; such theories often yield non-intuitive results in non-standard cases, and so cannot be judged by such intuitions. However, I further argue that the CRA can be transformed into a potentially valid argument against computationalism simply by reinterpreting it as an indeterminacy argument that shows that computationalism cannot explain the ordinary distinction between semantic content and sheer syntactic manipulation, and thus cannot be an adequate account of content. This conclusion admittedly rests on the arguable but plausible assumption that thought content is interestingly determinate. I conclude that the viability of computationalism and strong AI depends on their addressing the indeterminacy objection, but that it is currently unclear how this objection can be successfully addressed.
Acute cholecystitis: A comparative study of the mortality rate after immediate and delayed operations

Abstract 1. 1. The treatment of acute cholecystitis has been the subject of much controversy in the past and general agreement on the subject is still lacking. 2. 2. A review of the literature is presented. 3. 3. The etiological factors concerned and the pathology of the disease are discussed. 4. 4. A series of one hundred twenty-three patients operated upon at the Hazleton State Hospital is offered for analysis in Table form. 5. 5. The Table is analyzed from all aspects. 6. 6. The incidence of stormy postoperative courses is lower after delayed operation. 7. 7. The mortality rate after delayed operation is 2.3 per cent as compared to 12.7 per cent after immediate operation.
The Common Law and Cyberspace

The subject is about the common law under stress of change. The common law has continuously confronted stressful change. Internet conflicts raise the same value issues with which we are familiar. The Internet environment poses unusual pressures on the common law system. It is a system that transcends boundaries and time as we never had before. By reducing significantly the cost of receiving and disseminating information the Internet has shifted benefits, costs, and disadvantages. The Internet touches almost all areas of life. To those who suggest that the common law has lost its vitality, Internet jurisprudence offers a powerful rebuttal. United States courts have demonstrated the viability and strength of the common law. Internet issues have also highlighted the common law's limitations, shown in part by the legislative initiatives in this area. The questions are: First, are we witnessing the emergence of the "Law of the Internet" or "Cyberlaw?" I believe that we are not. But there are few exceptions, such as issues concerning domain names.. Second, how do the courts address Internet issues? I suggest that usually there is nothing new in their approach. They resort to precedents, and use somewhat different choices of analogies. Courts may err in how they view the Internet. While the technical aspects of the system - the code and protocols - are identical in all respects, the impact of the Internet on various aspects of our lives may differ greatly. A code-based rule may bring unacceptable consequences that must later be corrected. The paper contains a number of stories to illustrate these propositions. Third, are there cases demonstrating the common law's limitation? I believe there are. These limitations appear, for example, in cases concerning domain names and trademarks. Fourth, under what conditions will Congress overrule the courts' decisions? Congress initiates legislation for a number of reasons. Among these reasons are the courts' decisions that have strayed away from the policies that power constituencies have agreed upon. Nonetheless, judicial decisions play a role in the legislation. They help narrow the issues that Congress will address and sometimes help to set the congressional agendas. The sum and substance of this paper is in praise of common law and its interaction with legislation as an overall system of "muddling through." Law is evolving piecemeal, addressing particular conflicts, not always uniformly nor predictably. Specificity with respect to select issues. Generality to show overall direction and guide interpretations. This kind of lawmaking is for the risk-averse -- of which I am one. Piecemeal solutions reduce the risk of mistakes and the cost of correcting mistakes when they occur-as they are bound to occur. The price: higher learning costs and fewer clear, bright-line and predictable laws.
The train delivery problem: vehicle routing meets bin packing

We consider the train delivery problem which is a generalization of the bin packing problem and is equivalent to a one dimensional version of the vehicle routing problem with unsplittable demands. The problem is also equivalent to the problem of minimizing the makespan on a single batch machine with non-identical job sizes. The train delivery problem is strongly NP-hard and does not admit an approximation ratio better than 3/2. We design the first approximation schemes for the general problem. We give an asymptotic polynomial time approximation scheme, under a notion of asymptotic that makes sense even though scaling can cause the cost of the optimal solution of any instance to be arbitrarily large. Alternatively, we give a polynomial time approximation scheme for the case where W, an input parameter that corresponds to the bin size or the vehicle capacity, is polynomial in the number of items or demands.
Finite precision error analysis for neural network learning

The high speed desired in the implementation of many neural network algorithms, such as backpropagation learning in a multilayer perceptron (MLP), may be attained through the use of finite precision hardware. This finite precision hardware, however, is prone to errors. A method of theoretically deriving and statistically evaluating this error is presented and could be used as a guide to the details of hardware design and algorithm implementation. The paper is devoted to the derivation of the techniques involved as well as the details of the backpropagation example. The intent is to provide a general framework by which most neural network algorithms under any set of hardware constraints may be evaluated. >
Detection of peripheral arterial disease using dynamic diffuse optical tomography of vascular dynamics in the foot

We present dynamic diffuse optical tomography (DDOT) results from a 34-patient study for detecting peripheral arterial disease and patients with and without diabetes. DDOT achieved a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 70%.
Age-associated alterations of cardiac structure and function in the female F344xBN rat heart

The Fischer 344/NNiaHSD × Brown Norway/BiNia F1 (F344xBN) rat model exhibits an increased life span and fewer age-associated pathologies compared to commonly used Fischer 344 (F344). How aging may affect cardiac structure and function in these animals, has to our knowledge, not been investigated. Echocardiography was performed on female F344xBN rats at 6, 26, and 30 months of age using a Phillips 5500 Echocardiography system. Before sacrifice, electrocardiograms were measured in the female F344xBN in order to determine heart rhythm interval changes. Aging was associated with an increase in heart to body weight ratio, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, posterior wall thickening, and left ventricle chamber dilatation. Aging was associated with slight evidence of diastolic dysfunction. Alterations in heart rhythm intervals were associated with alterations in the spatial distribution of connexin 43. The incidence of arrhythmias was not different with age; however, valvular dysfunction was increased. These data suggest that aging in the female F344xBN rat heart is associated with changes in cardiac structure as well as function. Further investigation regarding other parameters of cardiac biochemistry and function is needed to better understand the normal compensated cardiovascular aging process in the female F344xBN.
Femoral head apparent density distribution predicted from bone stresses

A new theory relating bone morphology to applied stress is used to predict the apparent density distribution in the femoral head and neck. Cancellous bone is modeled as a self-optimizing material and cortical bone as a saturated (maximum possible bone density) response to stress in the bone tissue. Three different approaches are implemented relating bone apparent density to: (1) the von Mises stress, (2) the strain energy density in the mineralized tissue and (3) a defined closed effective stress (spherical stress). An iterative nonlinear three-dimensional finite element model is used to predict the apparent density distribution in the femoral head and neck for each of the three approaches. It is shown that the von Mises stress (an open effective stress) cannot accurately predict bone apparent density. It is shown that strain energy density and the defined closed effective stress can predict apparent density and that they give predictions consistent with the observed density pattern in the femoral head and neck.
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with wenckebach block: Evidence for reentry within the upper portion of the atrioventricular node

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with wenckebach block is an uncommon electrocardiographic finding. Electrophysiologic studies performed in a patient who exhibited this phenomenon indicated that the tachycardia was not caused by either sinus node or intraatrial reentry or abnormal automaticity. The tachycardia cycle length decreased after atropine administration and increased in response to propranolol. Administration of either adenosine (75 to 112.5 µ/kg) or verapamil (10mg) terminated individual episodes of tachycardia. After verapamil and when atrial extrastimuli were introduced, dissociation of atrial activity from His-ventricular activity could be observed even though atrioventricular (AV) nodal block with a clear Wenckebach periodicity could also occur. These findings suggest that paroxysmal Supraventricular tachycardia may be produced by reentry located solely within the upper portion of the AV node.
Effect of [111] texture on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Co/Ni multilayers

[111]fcc oriented [Co(2 A)/Ni(7 A)]20 multilayers were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy at room temperature on epitaxial Au/Ag buffer layers grown on chemically etched Si(111) surfaces. NH4F etching of Si(111) leads to a smaller spread in the 〈111〉 orientation of the Au/Ag buffer layers and the Co/Ni multilayers as compared to a similar sample prepared on HF-etched Si(111). This results in a stronger perpendicular magnetic anisotropy as determined from the magnetic hysteresis loops. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy studies show that the magnetic multilayer film is not flat but has significant waviness at both top and bottom surfaces. The observed waviness originates in part from the waviness already present on the surface of the Au buffer layer and appears to be further enhanced by the difference in the surface free energies of Au and the magnetic elements. A flatter Au/Ag buffer layer is essential to further improve the [111] texture of the [Co/Ni] multilayers.
Isolation and characterization of EMS-induced Dy10 and Ax1 high molecular weight glutenin subunit deficient mutant lines of elite hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Summit

Abstract The mixing properties of the dough are critical in the production of bread and other food products derived from wheat. The high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) are major determinants of wheat dough processing qualities. The different alleles of the HMW-GS genes in hexaploid wheat vary in their effect on dough quality. To determine the contribution of the individual HMW-GS alleles, lines deficient in HMW-GS proteins were generated by chemical mutagenesis in the elite bread wheat Triticum aestivum cv. Summit. In this report we describe the identification and characterization of Dy10 and Ax1 deficient lines. Examination of the effect of Dy10 and Ax1 deficiency on dough rheological properties by mixography showed shorter mixing time to reach peak resistance, and weaker and less extensible doughs relative to the wild type control. This is the first time that the role of Dy10 in vivo has been examined apart from the Dx5 + Dy10 allelic pair combination.
Blackness, deafness, IQ, and g

Abstract Jensen (1985) and Braden (1984, 1989) employed IQ data from deaf children to support their interpretation of “Spearman's hypothesis.” They reported, correctly, that positive correlations have been obtained between mean black-white differences on IQ subtests and the subtests' g loadings. They also claimed that the analogous correlation between mean hearing-deaf differences and subtet g loading is negative. They assumed that the deaf have suffered environmental (linguistic) deprivation, and argued that the different correlations indicate that black-white differences (unlike hearing-deaf differences) are not likely the result of environmental deprivation. We demonstrate that the deaf data they employed have been defectively and inconsistently reported, and can provide no support to the claim that black-white differences are not environmetal in origin. We also indicate that deaf children should not be treated as a single population with regard to “deprivation.”