cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emotion work among pregnant and birthing women.

Abstract Background previous research has examined emotional labour as an important component of the occupational work of midwives and gynaecological nurses. Fewer studies explore emotion work by women during normal pregnancy and birth, and existing studies emphasise emotion work based on the midwife–woman relationship. This study explores use of emotion work during pregnancy and birth among a sample of women. Objective the study objective is to identify the mechanisms and purposes of emotion work among women during pregnancy and birth. Design data consist of 18 in-depth interviews with women regarding their pregnancy and birth experiences and seven online pregnancy journals. Data were analysed to identify themes in participants׳ descriptions of emotion work during pregnancy and birth. Findings participants described four methods of emotion work that included shifting cognitive focus, exerting control, social support and using technology. Participants used emotion work for the four main purposes of maintaining their own and their babies׳ health, coping with negative events, managing pain, and achieving their desired birth. Although some emotion work was undertaken in relational context with the midwife or partner, much of the emotion work described took place in solitude. Implications for practice social support from midwives or partners was a form of emotion work that facilitated positive interpretations of the birth experience.
Validity of Scores on Alternative Predictors of Success in a College Algebra Course

For a sample of 59 male and 26 female students in continuing education at a private university, analyses indicated that (a) scores on a basic algebra test (either in a traditional multiple-choice format in which each item is accompanied by a reinforcing illustrative example) employed for placement of students in an intermediate algebra course were promising predictors of success in this course (rs = .67 and .66, respectively, p < .05) and (b) affective measures representing the constructs of mathematics anxiety and locus of control appeared to have little, if any, predictive validity.
Feasibility, Utility, and Safety of Midodrine During Recovery Phase From Septic Shock

Background We describe the feasibility, utility, and safety of oral midodrine to replace IV vasopressors during recovery from septic shock. Methods This was a retrospective study performed in a medical ICU. All study subjects had a diagnosis of septic shock requiring at least 24 hours of IV vasopressors and demonstrated clinical stability with stable or decreasing doses of IV vasopressors. The two groups compared were those who received IV vasopressors only and those who received IV vasopressors with adjunctive midodrine. Results Of the 275 study patients, 140 received an IV vasopressor only and 135 received midodrine in addition to an IV vasopressor. There was no difference between the groups’ demographics (age, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation 4 score). Mean IV vasopressor duration was 3.8 days in the IV vasopressor only group and 2.9 days in the IV vasopressor with midodrine group ( P P = .007). ICU length of stay was 9.4 days in the IV vasopressor only group and 7.5 days in the IV vasopressor with midodrine group ( P = .017). There were no complications associated with midodrine use except transient bradycardia in one patient, which resolved upon discontinuation of midodrine. Conclusions Midodrine may reduce the duration of IV vasopressors during recovery phase from septic shock and may be associated with a reduction in length of stay in the ICU.
Enhancing QM/MM molecular dynamics sampling in explicit environments via an orthogonal-space-random-walk-based strategy.

Accurate prediction of molecular conformations in explicit environments, such as aqueous solution and protein interiors, can facilitate our understanding of various molecular recognition processes. Most computational approaches are limited as a result of their compromised choices between the underlying energy model and the sampling length. Taking advantage of a recent second-order generalized ensemble scheme [e.g., the orthogonal space random walk (OSRW) strategy], which can synergistically accelerate the motion of a focused region and its coupled environmental response, we are presenting a QM/MM (combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical)-based molecular dynamics sampling technique to explore molecular conformational landscapes in explicit environments. The present QM/MM potential scaling-based OSRW sampling scheme is employed to study the binding of DMSO to the FKBP12 protein, the conformation distribution of a novel mercaptosulfonamide inhibitor in aqueous solution, and its binding poses in zinc...
The Fine Structure of the Cytostome of the Apostomatous Ciliate Hyalophysa chattoni

SYNOPSIS. The fine structure of the organelles concerned with the ingestion of exuvial fluid by the trophont of the apostome ciliate, Hyalophysa chattoni, has been examined. One of the taxonomic characteristics of the order Apostomatida is that cytostomes of ciliates within the taxon are reduced and evolving toward astomy. When examined by electron microscopy the cytostome of H. chattoni appears as a small region of active pinocytosis which is continuous with a very large cortical area, the extended cytostome. The fine structure of the extended cytostome resembles that of the cytostomes of ciliates from other orders in that it is covered by a single membrane underlain with microtubular ribs. Beneath the extended cytostome are accumulations of peculiar organelles that may represent stored membrane for recycling during food vacuole formation. Associated with the site of pinocytosis is a complex fiber that may be contractile.
Calcium Reduction as a Process for Oxygen Production from Lunar Regolith

A calcium process is proposed as a method to produce of oxygen by reduction of lunar soil. In this sequence, metallic calcium is reacted with regolith to produce calcium oxide plus reduced metals, and then the calcium oxide is electrolyzed in a CaO/CaCl 2 molten-salt eutectic to produce oxygen and to regenerate the reactant calcium. The baseline calcium reaction is done at a temperature of 900 - 1000°C, but lower temperatures can be achieved by use of a flux material, such as calcium chloride. The electrolysis reaction is done at a temperature of 825-900°C. These temperatures are considerably lower than the temperatures proposed for direct electrolysis of lunar soil, and are comparable to temperatures proposed for hydrogen reduction.
Domination Structures and Nondominated Solutions

In Chapter 3 we discussed that “Pareto preference” is based on the assumption that “more is better,” with no other preference information assumed. This is the simplest kind of preference. Recall that Pareto preference is not a weak order because the induced indifference relation, {~}, is not transitive. On the other hand, from Chapters 4–6, we know that a value function or distance function associated with a compromise solution must assume that the corresponding preference {≻} is a weak order and the induced indifference curves must contain a countable dense subset with respect to {≻}. The assumptions for {≻} to have a value function representation certainly are very restrictive, as discussed in Chapter 5. The gap between the assumption of Pareto preference and that of the preference having a value function representation is very large.
Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein release from rat kidney cortex slices in vitro.

1. Rat kidney cortex slices were incubated for 30 min at 37°C in unmodified Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing aldosterone, vasopressin, theophylline, ethacrynic acid, frusemide, spironolactone or ouabain. 2. Tamm—Horsfall glycoprotein (THG) released into the media was measured by radioimmunoassay and at the end of each experiment the slices were homogenized and assayed for THG content. 3. Incubation of kidney cortex slices in unmodified buffer resulted in a significant increase in the slice THG content when compared with pre-incubation levels. The increase was prevented by puromycin or cycloheximide. 4. Incubation in ethacrynic acid (1 mmol/l) or frusemide (10 mmol/l) resulted in a significant increase in release of THG when compared with unmodified buffer. Puromycin or cycloheximide failed to prevent the increased release. 5. THG release induced by ethacrynic acid or frusemide is probably the result of an aggregation-disaggregation reaction on the cell membrane. It is suggested that the action of the chloride inhibiting diuretics, ethacrynic acid and frusemide, is mediated in some way via THG.
Identification of Vertical and Horizontal Configurations for BPE Adsorption on Silver Surfaces

Adsorption of trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (BPE), a molecule with two pyridine rings connected with a C═C double bond, was studied on Ag surfaces with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Spectroscopic measurements were collected using well-defined 48 nm monodispersed Ag and Au nanoparticles supported on SiO2. Effects of Ag oxidation were evaluated by varying the duration of an ozone treatment prior to adsorption. Effects of surface coverage were evaluated by exposing unoxidized and oxidized Ag samples to solutions with a variable BPE concentration. Periodic unit-cell DFT calculations were performed using Ag(111), p(4 × 4)-O/Ag(111), and Ag2O(111) surfaces. Two adsorption configurations were identified: vertical and horizontal. In the vertical configuration, BPE adsorbs nearly orthogonal to the surface by binding through one of its N atoms to a single surface Ag atom. In the horizontal configuration, BPE adsorbs nearly parallel to t...
Mechanism of metal droplet nucleation from supersaturated vapor

An analysis of the full nonlinear mechanism of condensation nucleation from a supersaturated vapor suggests that the classical Markovian growth mechanism may not apply to systems, such as metals, that exhibit pronounced magic-numbered clusters. Packing of atoms in concentric layers and/or quantum confinement of valence electrons lead to particular sized metal clusters that are anomalously stable. They are called magic-numbered clusters. Magic-numbered clusters are not explicitly addressed in the Markovian mechanism that assumes that clusters change size by accommodation or evaporation of one monomer at a time. This is a justifiable approximation only if the frequency of all cluster-cluster collisions is negligible compared with the frequency of the succession of monomer-cluster collisions required to produce an equivalent sized cluster to the cluster-cluster collision. Since the stability of magic-numbered clusters increases the likelihood of collisions between clusters, magic-numbered clusters can affect the nucleation mechanism and may have a significant influence on the nucleation rate from supersaturated metal vapors.
Karl W. Butzer: Interdisciplinary mentor.

As his students in geography, archaeology, geology, and Latin American, African, and Middle Eastern Studies attest, you could learn more in one day in the field with Karl Butzer than you could in a semester-long course with any other professor. Karl’s fieldwork and active teaching ended May 4, 2016. Future generations of students will learn from Karl by means of his 15 books and monographs, and more than 275 journal articles and chapters in edited volumes. Blending nuanced insights of human–environment relationships on the individual and societal levels with a keen understanding of earth-shaping process, Karl will be forever known as the founder of geoarchaeology and a contemporary champion of the concept of human adaptation to the environment. Reflected in his professional life, Karl’s personal life involved a difficult past, a rich present, and an optimistic eye toward the future.
The Fractured Body: The Eucharist and Anglican Division:

This article confronts the ongoing reality of intra-Anglican divisions, both in North America and within the broader Anglican Communion. Beginning with a treatment of Augustine of Hippo's doctrine ...
Publicly Accessible Space and Quality of Life: A Tool for Measuring the Openness of Urban Spaces

Safety and security are essential components of urban public space management, particularly since September 11, 2001. Although security is necessary for creating and maintaining publicly accessible spaces, making it a top priority is criticized as restricting social interaction, constraining individual liberties, and unjustly excluding certain populations. We argue that a focus on security and control over broader social goals such as openness and liberty can reduce the quality of life for particular individuals and groups. Therefore, this study examines legal, design, and policy tools used to exert social and behavioral control in publicly accessible urban spaces. Based on a review of the relevant literature as well as extensive site visits to public spaces in New York City, we create a comprehensive index that uses 20 separate indicators in four different broad categories to quantify the degree to which the use of a space is controlled. We demonstrate how the tool can be used and summarize the results of several recent applications. We then suggest several potential applications useful in planning practice and for testing theories about public space.
Self-assembled micro-organogels for 3D printing silicone structures

The widespread prevalence of commercial products made from microgels illustrates the immense practical value of harnessing the jamming transition; there are countless ways to use soft, solid materials that fluidize and become solid again with small variations in applied stress. The traditional routes of microgel synthesis produce materials that predominantly swell in aqueous solvents or, less often, in aggressive organic solvents, constraining ways that these exceptionally useful materials can be used. For example, aqueous microgels have been used as the foundation of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting applications, yet the incompatibility of available microgels with nonpolar liquids, such as oils, limits their use in 3D printing with oil-based materials, such as silicone. We present a method to make micro-organogels swollen in mineral oil, using block copolymer self-assembly. The rheological properties of this micro-organogel material can be tuned, leveraging the jamming transition to facilitate its use in 3D printing of silicone structures. We find that the minimum printed feature size can be controlled by the yield stress of the micro-organogel medium, enabling the fabrication of numerous complex silicone structures, including branched perfusable networks and functional fluid pumps.
Asymptotic optimality of consensus-based sequential probability ratio test

This work considers the sequential hypothesis testing problem in the fully distributed sensor network. In specific, each sensor can observe samples over time, exchange information with adjacent sensors, and perform testing based on its own locally available decision statistic. Under such setting, we study the sequential probability ratio test based on the statistic that is obtained by running consensus algorithm. It is shown that, under certain regularity conditions on the data distribution and network topology, this distributed sequential test procedure yields the order-2 asymptotically optimal performance at all sensors.
Can the U.S. government legally monitor private communications? If so, given the U.S.'s significant protection of privacy rights, what government cannot?

Wikimedia Foundation v. NSA/CSS is the most important case ever regarding whether a government can monitor private communications. This case's discussion could not be any more timely for public affairs purposes. Given continuing terrorist attacks and concomitant calls for private industries, such as Wikimedia Foundation, to do more to stop the spread of violence and rhetoric on the Internet, there has never been a more important time to consider what limits should be placed on government's access to personal data in the quest to prevent terrorism. Here, the district court referred to the plaintiffs' injuries from NSA upstream surveillance as speculative, denying them Article III standing. The Fourth Circuit reinstated Wikimedia Foundation as a plaintiff, finding sufficient allegations for it to survive a facial challenge to Article III standing based on the Wikimedia Allegation. However, the other plaintiffs, relying on the Dragnet Allegation, were properly dismissed based on lacking standing. Until more details of upstream surveillance become public, suing under a dragnet theory should prove difficult. In fact, lobbying the legislative and executive branches to enact changes could be more effective and efficient than relying on the courts.
Foreign Aid for Capacity Building to Address Climate Change

Chapter 2 focuses on the effectiveness of foreign aid regarding capacity building in the least developed countries, those most vulnerable to climate change and with the most pressing need to respond and adapt. It addresses an important point: that as countries try to roll out climate aid quickly, bilateral aid—which is easier for donors and recipients to control—is likely to expand much more than multilateral aid, as historical patterns with other aid programmes suggest. The chapter concludes that in the case of foreign aid targeted to tackle climate change (including capacity building), it will be a slow and difficult process to apply the lessons that have been learned from other foreign aid experiences, especially due to the need for tailoring aid to individual countries’ settings and due to the challenges to donor countries being able to make credible, long-term aid commitments. Both of these aspects are essential to build the necessary systems to invest in climate change mitigation and adaptation in the least developed countries.
Mortality in youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study

Aims To estimate short-term mortality rates for individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes diagnosed before age 20 years from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Methods We included 8358 individuals newly-diagnosed with type 1 (n = 6840) or type 2 (n = 1518) diabetes from 1/1/2002-12/31/2008. We searched the National Death Index through 12/31/2010. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) based on age, sex, and race for the comparable US population in the geographic areas of the SEARCH study. Results During 44,893 person-years (PY) of observation (median follow-up = 5.3 years), 41 individuals died (91.3 deaths/100,000 PY); 26 with type 1 (70.6 deaths/100,000 PY) and 15 with type 2 (185.6 deaths/100,000 PY) diabetes. The expected mortality rate was 70.9 deaths/100,000 PY. The overall SMR (95% CI) was 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) and was high among individuals with type 2 diabetes 2.4 (1.3, 3.9), females 2.2 (1.3, 3.3), 15-19 year olds 2.7 (1.7,4.0), and non-Hispanic blacks 2.1 (1.2, 3.4). Conclusions Compared to the state populations of similar age, sex, and race, our results show excess mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes, females, older youth, and non-Hispanic blacks. We did not observe excess short-term mortality in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Juvenile Burrowing Owl Nighttime Space-Use In Southern New Mexico

In some areas, Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia) occur in human-altered, urbanized environments. However, their use of these anthropogenic land-cover types during nighttime is not well understood. We studied nocturnal and crepuscular space-use of eight juvenile Burrowing Owls in urban, greenspace, and agriculture dominated landscapes during 2012 and 2013 in Dona Ana County, New Mexico. For each owl, we obtained an average of 22 (range 14–37) nighttime telemetry fixes covering a period of 1–8.5 wk post-fledging. The juvenile Burrowing Owls avoided urban cover types and spent more time in agriculture and greenspace. In agricultural areas, owls used canals, weedy ditches, and associated farm roads, whereas in greenspace owls used city parks, golf courses, and patches of native habitat. Juvenile owls in this study were not observed to move large distances and on average most owls (n = 5) remained within 500 m of their roost burrow, with one owl traveling up to 743 m from its roost site. Conservation efforts for Burrowing Owls within human-altered environments should focus on the protection of nest and roost burrows near important foraging areas.
Disky : A Diy Rotational Interface With Inherent Dynamics

Disky is a computer hard drive re-purposed into a do-ityourself USB turntable controller that offers high resolution and low latency for controlling parameters of multimedia performance software. Disky is a response to the challenge “re-purpose something that is often discarded and share it with the do-it-yourself community to promote reuse!”
AORTIC STENOSIS: Clinical Evaluation and Optimal Timing of Surgery

Aortic valve disease is common in the elderly with recent data suggesting that aortic sclerosis and stenosis are the end-stage of an active disease process. Aortic atenosis may be diagnosed at symptom onset (angina, heart failure or syncope) but often the diagnosis is suspected in an asymptomatic patient with a systolic murmur. The diagnosis can be confirmed and disease severity evaluated reliably using Doppler echocardiography. Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis is treated with valve replacement, even in the elderly, due to the extremely poor prognosis without relief of outflow obstruction. Management is controversial when there is coexisting moderate aortic stenosis and left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Learning about momentum conservation

A system has been designed in which explanation-based learning is applied to classical mechanics. An overview of the fully-implemented system and an example run by it are presented. From the example the system acquires a general formula describing how the momentum of a collection of objects changes over time. The derivation of this formula is prompted by the analysis of a human's solution to a simple two-body, one-dimensional collision. The human's solution is based on the principle of momentum conservation. The acquired formula serves to solve a three-dimensional collision in the presence of external forces, a situation where momentum is not conserved.
Privatizing public pension systems

Abstract The major goal of this analysis is to examine the pros and cons of privatizing public pension schemes based on the Latin American experience. The study draws on evidence from four countries that have fully privatized their public pension schemes (Chile, Mexico, Bolivia, and El Salvador) and four that have partially privatized (Argentina, Uruguay, Colombia, and Peru). Some evidence suggests that privatization is having positive economic effects, contributing to the development of financial institutions and the availability of investment capital. It may also be increasing national savings rates and the rates of economic growth, but on these issues there is less agreement. The benefits of privatization go primarily to high-wage male workers with few benefits for low-wage and female workers. As a result, privatization contributes to both income and gender inequality. Efforts to draw lessons for the US must take into consideration numerous political and economic differences.
Uncertainties of the ENDF/B-V /sup 238/U unresolved resonance parameters in the range 4 keV < E < 45. 18 keV (MAT = 1398, MF = 2, MT = 251)

It is a common practice in ENDF/B to represent neutron cross sections in the unresolved resonance region by specifying the average values and distribution laws of resonance parameters. This formalism allows the calculation of resonance self-shielding and of the variation of resonance self-shielding with temperature, two important reactor parameters. For many applications it is necessary to estimate the uncertainties in these model average resonance parameters. A possible approach to derive such uncertainties is described, using as an example the ENDF/B-V representation of /sup 238/U in the range from 4 to 45 keV.
Mobilization of n-hexadecane in porous media using food grade amphiphiles

Abstract A model liquid hydrocarbon (n-hexadecane) was used to gain insight on the mobilization of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) trapped in porous formations, important for both enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and oil spill remediation in porous media. Food-grade surfactants lecithin from soy and tween 80 were compared to commercial dispersant Corexit 9500A, for their ability to mobilize the hydrocarbon originally trapped in a water-filled cryolite porous medium. Red dye was added to the n-Hexadecane to improve visualization, and the aqueous phase incorporated different ratios of the surfactants Lecithin and Tween 80 to seek synergistic benefits when the two surfactants are combined. Visual-microscopic flooding experiments carried on a miniature packed bed produced images which were then analyzed using grayscale image analysis. It was determined that a ratio 40:60 by weight of Lecithin to Tween 80 has the best performance in the mobilization of n-hexadecane from the porous media. Furthermore, any (non-optimal) mixture of lecithin and tween 80 exhibited a better (synergistic) performance in n-Hexadecane recovery from the porous media than when applying either surfactant separately.
Pyrite-pyrrhotite-grinding media contact and its effect on flotation

The electrochemical nature of mineral-grinding media interaction in the wet grinding of one and two sulfide mineral ores was investigated with regard to the flotation behaviors of the minerals. Two iron sulfides (pyrite and pyrrhotite) and mild steel were used to represent the sulfide minerals and the grinding media, respectively. Galvanic currents in two- and three-electrode combinations under abrasive and non abrasive conditions were correlated with the floatabilities of these minerals under corresponding conditions.
David Oliver: Can doctors be too politicised?

The Conservative MP Johnny Mercer, a former army officer, is concerned that doctors have become “too politicised.” He told the Health Service Journal in December 2018 that he was “really worried” that this politicisation had led to “unprofessional behaviour” and started to “affect patient care.”1 He didn’t provide any examples beyond recounting that a GP’s child on a school visit had told him, “My daddy says the Tories kill more people than cancer.” I’d like to challenge the notion that doctors can somehow be “too politicised.” Doctors have a long and noble tradition of influencing public policy that affects the public’s health. …
Nutrition and Exercise Strategies to Prevent Excessive Pregnancy Weight Gain: A Meta-analysis.

Objective To evaluate nutrition-only, exercise-only, and nutrition-plus-exercise interventions for optimizing gestational weight gain (GWG) based on the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. Study PubMed, Google Scholar, and 2015 Cochrane Review were searched. Analysis of variance was used to determine if significant GWG differences exist between strategies, with additional subanalyses on overweight (OV) or obese women based on 2009 IOM guidelines. Results Of 66 identified studies, 31 contributed data (n = 8,558). Compared with routine prenatal care, nutrition-only interventions were significantly associated with reduced GWG and are most likely to produce weight gain within IOM recommendations (p = 0.013). Exercise-only (p = 0.069) and nutrition-plus-exercise (p = 0.056) interventions trended toward GWG within IOM guidelines, but did not reach statistical significance. Supervised (p = 0.61) and unsupervised (p = 0.494) exercise programs had similar effectiveness. Subanalyses on OV or obese women produced similar results to studies that did not differentiate results based on body mass index: nutrition only (p = 0.011), exercise only (p = 0.308), and nutrition plus exercise (p = 0.129). Conclusion Preventing excessive GWG is crucial, especially for OV or obese women. In the current study, nutrition-based intervention is the health system strategy that showed significant impact on preventing excessive GWG compared with routine prenatal care. Among women who are OV or have obesity, nutrition-only interventions hold the most promise compared with routine prenatal care.
Immigrant use of public assistance and mode of entry: Demographics versus dependence

Abstract A view that gained momentum in the 1990s, and which is sustained by some policy analysts and labor economists today, is that dependence on public assistance is greater for immigrants than for natives. Accordingly, this study investigates nativity differentials in the use of nine assistance programs, focusing on immigrant arrival cohorts within three distinct mode-of-entry proxy categories. The logistic regression analysis uses data from the 2013 CPS March supplement. To permit more nuanced interpretation, control variables are introduced hierarchically in a three-stage analysis. One new finding is that each of the three major regional-origin groups within the 1980–1995 refugee cohort—with an average length of residence exceeding two decades—sustains greater use of either SSI or Medicaid than natives. The study concludes that nativity differences in the use of public assistance continue to rest on the socio-demographic composition of three distinct populations, determined by mode of entry into the U.S.
Selective activation of Gs signaling in adipocytes causes striking metabolic improvements in mice.

Abstract Objective Given the worldwide epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes, novel antidiabetic and appetite-suppressing drugs are urgently needed. Adipocytes play a central role in the regulation of whole-body glucose and energy homeostasis. The goal of this study was to examine the metabolic effects of acute and chronic activation of Gs signaling selectively in adipocytes (activated Gs stimulates cAMP production), both in lean and obese mice. Methods To address this question, we generated a novel mutant mouse strain (adipo-GsD mice) that expressed a Gs-coupled designer G protein-coupled receptor (Gs DREADD or short GsD) selectively in adipocytes. Importantly, the GsD receptor can only be activated by administration of an exogenous agent (CNO) that is otherwise pharmacologically inert. The adipo-GsD mice were maintained on either regular chow or a high-fat diet and then subjected to a comprehensive series of metabolic tests. Results Pharmacological (CNO) activation of the GsD receptor in adipocytes of adipo-GsD mice caused profound improvements in glucose homeostasis and protected mice against the metabolic deficits associated with the consumption of a calorie-rich diet. Moreover, chronic activation of Gs signaling in adipocytes led to a striking increase in energy expenditure and reduced food intake, resulting in a decrease in body weight and fat mass when mice consumed a calorie-rich diet. Conclusion Systematic studies with a newly developed mouse model enabled us to assess the metabolic consequences caused by acute or chronic activation of Gs signaling selectively in adipocytes. Most strikingly, chronic activation of this pathway led to reduced body fat mass and restored normal glucose homeostasis in obese mice. These findings are of considerable relevance for the development of novel antidiabetic and anti-obesity drugs.
Modeling time-to-trigger in library demand-driven acquisitions via survival analysis

Abstract Conventional statistical methods (e.g. logistics regression, decision tree, etc.) have been used to analyze library demand-driven acquisitions (DDA) data. However, these methods are not well-suited to predict when acquisitions will be triggered or how long e-books will remain unused. Survival analysis, a statistical method commonly used in clinical research and medical trials, was employed to predict the time-to-trigger for DDA purchases within the context of a large research university library. By predicting which e-books will be triggered (i.e., purchased), as well as the time to trigger occurrence, the method tested in this study provides libraries a deeper understanding of factors influencing their DDA purchasing patterns. This understanding will help libraries optimize their DDA profile management and DDA budgets. This research provides a demonstration of how data science techniques can be of value for the library environment.
Polymyxin B-induced skin hyperpigmentation.

Polymyxin B (PMB) is a potent antibiotic targeting gram-negative bacteria and is associated with serious side effects including nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and hypersensitivity reactions. PMB is a therapeutic option for the management of infections caused by multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and used in combination with other antibiotics when options are limited. We describe the case of a 30-year-old female patient with a complex medical history who underwent a multi-visceral transplantation complicated by intra-abdominal infections. Subsequently, patient developed diffuse skin darkening after initiation of intravenous PMB for treatment of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Her skin hyperpigmentation was most prominent on her face and forearms. Hyperpigmentation peaked at around 2 weeks following PMB initiation and was discontinued after 3 weeks when the possibility of PMB hyperpigmentation was raised and other causes were ruled out. Skin biopsy showed hypermelanosis of the basal layer and melanin deposition in the dermis. Overall clinical picture was consistent with PMB-induced hyperpigmentation. The patient demonstrated some improvement in discoloration within 4 weeks of PMB discontinuation.
A Review of the Compatibility of Topical Artificial Tears and Rewetting Drops with Contact Lenses.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this work was to review the safety and efficacy of topical artificial tears and rewetting drops with contact lenses (CLs) and the ocular surface. Methods Manuscripts were obtained by searching PubMed with the term “contact lens” and “artificial tears” or “rewetting drops” or “lubricant”. Recovered texts were searched to find additional references. No date exclusions were applied, though only articles written in English were included. Results Preserved and non-preserved artificial tears and rewetting drops are commonly used before and after, and sometimes directly with CLs to treat CL discomfort, or ocular surface disease and to minimize the impact of wearing a CL. Data suggest that all of these products are generally safe and effective and have a minimal impact on the ocular surface when used with CLs, especially if the drops are preservative free. Data likewise suggests that comfort drops may keep CLs cleaner and improve ocular surface health. Conclusion Over-the-counter, topical, artificial tears and rewetting drops are safe and effective to use with CLs. Non-preserved drops should be used when possible to avoid eye irritation; however, if preservative-containing drops are used, preservatives that have demonstrated safety profiles should be selected rather than drops containing benzalkonium chloride or thimerosal.
Physics-aware registration based auto-encoder for convection dominated PDEs.

We design a physics-aware auto-encoder to specifically reduce the dimensionality of solutions arising from convection-dominated nonlinear physical systems. Although existing nonlinear manifold learning methods seem to be compelling tools to reduce the dimensionality of data characterized by a large Kolmogorov n-width, they typically lack a straightforward mapping from the latent space to the high-dimensional physical space. Moreover, the realized latent variables are often hard to interpret. Therefore, many of these methods are often dismissed in the reduced order modeling of dynamical systems governed by the partial differential equations (PDEs). Accordingly, we propose an auto-encoder type nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithm. The unsupervised learning problem trains a diffeomorphic spatio-temporal grid, that registers the output sequence of the PDEs on a non-uniform parameter/time-varying grid, such that the Kolmogorov n-width of the mapped data on the learned grid is minimized. We demonstrate the efficacy and interpretability of our approach to separate convection/advection from diffusion/scaling on various manufactured and physical systems.
CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY IN NEWBORNS 23–24 WEEKS’ GESTATION DURING THE FIRST WEEK OF LIFE

Background Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) in premature infants has been extensively studied due to the association between CBF disturbances and brain injury. Norms for CBFv in newborns 23–24 weeks’ gestation during the first week of life, however, have not been reported. Objective Determine reference values for CBFv in healthy ventilated newborns 23–24 weeks’ gestation during the first week. Determine how CBFv norms are affected by CO2. Methods Normotensive newborns at 23–24 weeks’ gestation without brain injury had Doppler ultrasound monitoring of middle cerebral artery CBFv twice daily during the first 3 days, and daily for the next 4 days. Baseline mean CBFv (approximately 15 min) was determined for each infant. A locally weighted regression technique was used; mean CBFv and 95% CIs were plotted for the population during the first week. Since CBFv increases 30% for every 7.5 mm Hg change in CO2, reference curves were also determined when CO2 was adjusted to 40, 50, and 60 mm Hg. Results Eighteen newborns 23–24 weeks gestation had 74 baseline measurements during the first week. Birth weight was 612 85 grams. Mean CBFv increased from 10 to 21 cm/sec during the first week. Mean CBFv increased from 8 to 9, 12 to 15, and 16 to 23 cm/sec during the first week, respectively, when CO2 was adjusted to 40, 50, and 60 mm Hg. Conclusions We present for the first time reference values for CBFv for normotensive newborns born at 23–24 weeks’ gestation and reference curves adjusted according to CO2.
Photonics probing of probiotics effect on chronic alcoholic brain cell nuclei using light localization via confocal imaging

We develop a probing method for molecular specific mass density fluctuations using light localization technique via confocal imaging. This work reports the effect of the probiotic in chronic alcoholic brain nuclei chromatin in a mouse model.
Two-Dimensional Graphene as a Matrix for MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Here, a matrix using two-dimensional (2D) graphene is demonstrated for the first time in the context of MALDI IMS using a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. Although graphene flakes have been used previously in MALDI, it is described here how a single 2D layer of graphene is applied directly on top of rat brain sections and soybean leaves. Several classes of molecules are desorbed and ionized off of the surface of the tissues examined using 2D graphene, with minimal background interference from the matrix. Moreover, no solvents are employed in application of 2D graphene, eliminating the potential for analyte diffusion in liquid droplets during matrix application. Because 2D graphene is an elemental form of carbon, an additional advantage is its high compatibility with the long duration needed for many IMS experiments.
In Memoriam: Henry H. H. Remak (1916–2009)

Henry H. H. Remak, Professor Emeritus of Comparative Literature, Germanic and West European Studies, passed away on February 12, 2009, at the age of 92, in Bloomington, Indiana, where he spent most of his professional life at Indiana University. Remak was one of the most visible and influential proponents of an American Germanistik that overcame its often narrow fixation on German Germanistik by creating a more cosmopolitan approach through cultural comparison, mainly by establishing, after World War II, Comparative Literature as a comprehensive field of study. It is hardly surprising that the obituaries for Henry Remak tend to mention his work for Comparative Literature first, his allegiance to German second. He was indeed a mover and shaker in the new discipline, traveling the world as an urbane, witty, and highly stimulating speaker, giving profile to the International Comparative Literature Association, contributing to a solid foundation of the field through methodological reflections and model interpretations, and being honored at his 70th birthday by a truly impressive Festschrift with contributions by international luminaries (Sensus Communis, 1986). It is my goal, writing in The German Quarterly, of which Henry was a book editor in the early 1 960s, to make sure that his substantial contributions to the transformation of American Germanistik axe equally well remembered. With other, mostly Jewish refugees from Germany and Austria, Henry Remak became instrumental in changing German from a rather self-contained, intellectually mostly conservative, philology-driven field. Marginalized by the two wars, American Germanistik was mainly interested in survival within the American academy. As a Jewish Berliner who had received a great bi-cultural education at the renowned Franzosisches Gymnasium (Abitur 1934), Henry studied in Bordeaux and Montpellier and in 1936 left for the U.S. (where his family was able to follow). After taking his Ph.D. in German in 1947 at the University of Chicago with a dissertation on Stendhal's German reception, he returned to the German Department at Indiana University, which remained, together with the Comparative Literature Department, his academic home for decades. Henry never left any doubt that German language and literature were also his intellectual home, confirming the belief that comparison needs grounding in one culture in order to prepare for the intricacies of other cultures and - as he always reminded his readers - to enable the process of analyzing different languages and textual structures itself. This was reflected in his unforgettably lively teaching of literature, where he made FrenchGerman literary relations a crucial ingrethent yet always concentrated on close readings of individual authors, elucidating the total import of a text as against using the text as an illustration of a particular theory or historical context. …
Cybernetics and Entropy

Clausius definition of temperature does not require that temperature is the value we measured with a thermometer. This was to make sure the temperature was a thermodynamic quantity and not just a physical manifestation of that quantity. If energy is easily converted into other forms of energy then the normal thermodynamic concepts are true. But if the energy of a system is not readily converted to other forms of energy that system becomes isolated and the energy equations are only applicable within. Then the definition of temperature will be internal to that system. Such temperature then can affect the outcome of entropy relationships.
Stimulated Raman signals at conical intersections: Ab initio surface hopping simulation protocol with direct propagation of the nuclear wave function

Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (FSRS) signals that monitor the excited state conical intersections dynamics of acrolein are simulated. An effective time dependent Hamiltonian for two C—H vibrational marker bands is constructed on the fly using a local mode expansion combined with a semi-classical surface hopping simulation protocol. The signals are obtained by a direct forward and backward propagation of the vibrational wave function on a numerical grid. Earlier work is extended to fully incorporate the anharmonicities and intermode couplings.
Hepatic alpha-adrenergic receptors. Identification and subcellular localization using [3H]dihydroergocryptine.

Abstract Recently, several workers have shown that adrenergic control of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism has the characteristics of an alpha-receptor-mediated process. Using the rat liver membrane preparation of Neville (Neville, D. (1968) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 154, 540-552), alpha-adrenergic receptors have been identified using the ligand [3H]dihydroergocryptine. The receptors are saturable and of high affinity. Scatchard analysis yields a KD of 1.8 nM with 1.7 +/- 0.55 pmol of sites/mg of protein. Competition of dihydroergocryptine binding with various pharmacologic agents yields the typical (alpha-adrenergic potency series: (-)-epinephrine greater than (-)-norepinephrine greater than (-)-isoproterenol. (-)-Isomers are more potent than (+)-isomers. The alpha-blocker phentolamine is 3.4 orders of magnitude more potent than the beta-blocker propranolol. To determine subcellular localization of alpha-adrenergic receptors, livers were fractionated into a crude homogenate, a 1500 X g pellet, and the purified membrane preparation used previously for binding. Specific dihydroergocryptine binding, ouabain-inhibitable (Na,K)-ATPase, and F--stimulated adenylate cyclase activities, were followed in these fractions. Specific binding was enriched, relative to that in the crude homogenate, 2.88-fold in the pellet and 6.28-fold in the membranes. Similarly, (Na,K)-ATPase acticity was enriched 2.6-fold in the pellet and 7.1-fold in the membranes while adenylate cyclase activity was enriched 2.9-fold in the pellet and 3.5-fold in the membranes. It is concluded that hepatic alpha-adrenergic receptors are likely concentrated in the plasma membranes.
Design Diversity of HEVs with Example Vehicles from HEV Competitions

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVS) can be designed and operated to satisfy many different operational missions. The three most common HEV types differ with respect to component sizing and operational capabilities. However, HEV technology offers design opportunities beyond these three types. This paper presents a detailed HEV categorization process that can be used to describe unique HEV prototype designs entered in college and university-level HEV design competitions. We explored possible energy management strategies associated with designs that control the utilization of the two on- board energy sources and use the competition vehicles to illustrate various configurations and designs that affect the vehicle`s capabilities. Experimental data is used to help describe the details of the power control strategies which determine how the engine and electric motor of HEV designs work together to provide motive power to the wheels.
Aorticopulmonary septal defect; diagnosis and report of case successfully treated.

Abstract Aorticopulmonary septal defect is a rare congenital anomaly which is difficult to diagnose. The prognosis is poor if treatment is not instituted and, therefore, surgery should not be delayed but should be performed as soon as is feasible. Transection with or without the aid of hypothermia or pump oxygenator is the treatment of choice. A successful case is presented.
Semi-Annual Weather Modification Association Meeting: Santiago, Chile 2013

The semi-annual meeting of the Weather Modification Association (WMA) was held in Santiago and La Serena, Chile on the 25, 26 and 27 of September 2013. The National Irrigation Commission of Chile worked closely with the WMA to organize the meeting. Chile's Agriculture Undersecretary, Alvaro Cruzat, inaugurated the meeting by stressing that it was important for Chile to host the WMA meeting. Hosting the meeting allowed the presentation to the global community the results achieved by Chile's cloud seeding program. Ten international leaders in the weather modification community presented invited talks during the meeting. The meeting had discussions of experiences, technologies and programs currently operating around the world. On Thursday 25 September 2013, attendees conducted a field visit to Casablanca sector of Chile to visit a ground seeding site. Friday morning the meeting was concluded after a discussion about Chile's current and future cloud seeding program.