cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 45: Cardiomyocytes Undergo Division Postnatally to Generate New Cardiomyocytes in Mouse Models of Aging and Cardiac Injury

The dogma of the adult mammalian heart as a post-mitotic organ has recently come under question. Radiolabeled isotope studies have demonstrated that the human heart exhibits a low rate of renewal of cardiomyocytes throughout one’s lifespan. Furthermore, a neonatal mouse can regenerate its ventricle if the apex is resected within the first week of birth. However, the field has yet to clonally address whether cardiomyocytes divide symmetrically upon birth, or if a resident progenitor differentiates into cardiomyocytes. Rather than rely on proxies for cell division (e.g. BrdU incorporation studies), we use genetic mouse models in which cell division results in asymmetric, indelible labeling of the daughter cells (“Mosaic analysis of double markers” (MADM)) to identify which cell type(s) generate cardiomyocytes. We made two triple-transgenic mouse strains: actinCreER;MADMGT/TG and Myh6CreERT2;MADMGT/TG. The former model allows us to identify postnatal cardiogenesis from any cell type, whereas with the latter model we identify postnatal cardiomyocytes that arise from existing alpha-myosin heavy chain-expressing cardiomyocytes. Our studies demonstrate limited symmetric division of cardiomyocytes during normal aging up to six weeks, with a significantly high rate of cardiomyocyte division during the first postnatal week, in both models. The rate of generation of cardiomycoytes is very similar in both models, suggesting that the postnatal cardiomyocyte division accounts for all postnatal cardiomyocyte birth. In the injury model, we provide evidence for cell division in the infarcted heart of a myocardial infarction model, but this rate of division is not greater than in the sham animal, suggesting that the inflammatory environment following an MI does not provide additional pro-mitotic signals. Our data suggests that, as in teleost fish such as zebrafish that demonstrate robust myocardial regeneration even in adulthood, the cell of origin for mammalian postnatal cardiogenesis is a differentiated cell - the cardiomyocyte - rather than a multipotent progenitor cell. It remains to be explored whether all cardiomyocyte are able to divide postnatally or whether this phenomenon is restricted to a subpopulation of cardiomyocytes.
The Role of Entrepreneurial Characteristics and the Export Firm

The increasing globalization of commerce has presented incalculable challenges as well as opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises, particularly exporting firms. This study focuses on the relationship between entrepreneurship and successful export marketing performance, testing the hypothesis that entrepreneurship is positively related to such performance. The research reveals that entrepreneurial behavior is positively correlated with export marketing behavior, suggesting both firm and government actions to boost competitiveness.
Signal de-embedding when standard two-port VNA measurements are not possible

The goal of this paper is to outline the process for characterizing the S-parameters of passive two-port electrical devices to calculate the input signal from a measured output signal when standard two-port VNA measurements are not possible. For long cables such as those used at NIF to transmit analog electrical signals long distances from target diagnostics to their respective data digitizer, standard two-port VNA measurements cannot be used to determine the cables’ transfer functions due to the large physical separations between the ports of the cables. Traditionally, this problem was addressed by recording input and output waveforms with two oscilloscopes and then comparing their spectral composition. A new method is to take reflection measurements at one port and substitute three known loads at the other port to generate a system of simultaneous equations that will allow for S21 to be quantified.
Modified natural cycle in in vitro fertilization

The first live birth after IVF was achieved in a purely natural cycle. Because early attempts at IVF were associated with low efficiency, ovarian stimulation was added to achieve a greater margin for error in oocyte retrieval, fertilization, and thus, overall pregnancy success. As technology improved, the intuitive appeal of the natural cycle led investigators to once again attempt IVF without antecedent gonadotropin stimulation. Triggering of ovulation with hCG was added to allow for accurate scheduling of oocyte retrieval and thus increased oocyte yield. When GnRH antagonists became available, premature ovulations could be prevented, albeit at the cost of adding some form of ovarian stimulation to continue follicle development until ovulation triggering. This type of cycle came to be known as the "modified natural cycle." These modified natural IVF cycles are associated with decreased medication costs, they produce acceptable pregnancy rates, and they may be particularly appropriate for patients at increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, poor responders, and those wishing to avoid supernumerary embryo production.
Histomorphological responses after therapy with pegylated interferon α-2a in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV)

Pegylated interferon alfa-2a (PEG-IFN-α-2a) is a potent immunomodulating agent capable of inducing high rate of hematologic and even complete molecular remission in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV). We recently reported results of a phase 2 trial of PEG-IFN-α-2a in 83 patients with ET and PV after a median follow-up of 83 months. Here we report an analysis of bone marrow (BM) responses in these patients. Among 83 patients, 58 (70%, PV 25, ET 31) had evaluable BM samples. BM responses and fibrosis grading were defined according to the International Working Group for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research and Treatment, and the European Consensus on grading of BM fibrosis, respectively. BM was assessed prior to enrollment, and every 6–24 months while on therapy in all patients, and after therapy discontinuation in some patients. The median age of analyzed 58 patients was 52 years, and 29% were males. After a median follow-up of 84 months, 32 patients are still on study. Hematologic (HR) and molecular responses (MR) were seen in 93 and 69% patients, respectively. Twenty-nine patients (50%) had a BM response, including 13 (22%) with a complete BM response (BM-CR). Moreover, 13 patients (22%) have experienced complete resolution of bone marrow reticulin fibrosis. Patients with BM response had higher duration of HR and MR, and lower discontinuation rate. Furthermore, patients with BM-CR had a higher probability of complete MR. The median duration of BM-CR was 30 months, and 9 patients have maintained their BM-CR (69%), including five who have maintained their response after discontinuation of therapy. Despite this observation, the pattern of HR, MR and BM response, their durability and interrelation was heterogeneous. Our results show the ability of PEG-IFN-α-2a to induce complete BM responses in a subset of ET and PV patients, but its correlation with durable clinically relevant treatment benefit warrants further investigation. Trial registration This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00452023), and is ongoing but not enrolling new patients.
Stability of pentobarbital in soil.

Intravenous injection of barbiturates, particularly pentobarbital (5-ethyl-5-pentan-2-yl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,5-trione), is a widely used method to euthanize large animals such as horses. However, one...
Coexistence of enhanced mobile broadband communications and ultra-reliable low-latency communications in mobile front-haul

5G systems are supposed to support coexistence of multiple services such as ultra reliable low latency communications (URLLC) and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communications. The target of eMBB communications is to meet the high-throughput requirement while URLLC are used for some high priority services. Due to the sporadic nature and low latency requirement, URLLC transmission may pre-empt the resource of eMBB transmission. Our work is to analyze the URLLC impact on eMBB transmission in mobile front-haul. Then, some solutions are proposed to guarantee the reliability/latency requirements for URLLC services and minimize the impact to eMBB services at the same time.
Engineering the entropy-driven free-energy landscape of a dynamic nanoporous protein assembly

De novo design and construction of stimuli-responsive protein assemblies that predictably switch between discrete conformational states remains an essential but highly challenging goal in biomolecular design. We previously reported synthetic, two-dimensional protein lattices self-assembled via disulfide bonding interactions, which endows them with a unique capacity to undergo coherent conformational changes without losing crystalline order. Here, we carried out all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to map the free-energy landscape of these lattices, validated this landscape through extensive structural characterization by electron microscopy and established that it is predominantly governed by solvent reorganization entropy. Subsequent redesign of the protein surface with conditionally repulsive electrostatic interactions enabled us to predictably perturb the free-energy landscape and obtain a new protein lattice whose conformational dynamics can be chemically and mechanically toggled between three different states with varying porosities and molecular densities.
Fatigue and fracture of powder metallurgy steels

Abstract: Sintered ferrous powder metallurgy (PM) components are replacing wrought alloys in many applications, owing to their low cost, high performance and ability to be processed to near-net shape. The fracture and fatigue behavior of these materials is very important. In this chapter the microstructure, tensile and fatigue behavior of sintered steels is reviewed.
Design Principles for Emergency Collaborative Systems: A Situation Awareness Study of Buffalo Plane Crash

Due to differences in governance structure, training, applicable polices, legal requirements and culture, the nature of operations vary based on agency, county, population, leadership, etc. This leads to serious challenges during multi-agency response to emergencies. The different agencies are required to work together to effectively and efficiently respond to an emergency incident. The paper contributes to research in areas of inter-agency collaboration and emergency management. With the help of case study, this paper aims to explore factors that impact inter-agency collaboration to generate design principles that are useful to designing better systems to mitigate critical incidents. In addition, with the help of interviews with four experts (two fire chiefs and two dispatchers) and raw incident communication reports, we identify system, communication, information, and interoperability issues.
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Demads of the Kettlebell Swing using Tabata Interval versus a Traditional Resistance Protocol.

Tabata (TAB) training, consisting of eight cycles of 20 seconds of maximal exercise followed by 10 seconds of rest, is time-efficient, with aerobic and anaerobic benefit. This study investigated the cardiovascular and metabolic demands of a TAB versus traditional (TRAD) resistance protocol with the kettlebell swing. Fourteen young (18–25y), non-obese (BMI 25.7±0.8 kg/m2) participants reported on three occasions. All testing incorporated measurements of HR, oxygen consumption, and blood lactate accumulation. Each participant completed Tabata kettlebell swings (male- 8kg, female- 4.5kg; 8 intervals; 20s maximal repetitions, 10s rest). On a subsequent visit (TRAD), the total swings from the TAB protocol were evenly divided into 4 sets, with 90s rest between sets. Outcome measures were compared using paired t-tests. The TAB was completed more quickly than the TRAD protocol (240.0±0.0 v. 521.5±3.3 sec, P<0.01), at a higher perceived exertion (Borg RPE; 15.1±0.7 v. 11.7±0.9, P<0.01). The TAB elicited a higher average VO2 value (33.1±1.5 v. 27.2±1.6 ml/kg/min, P<0.01), percent of VO2peak achieved (71.0±0.3 v. 58.4±0.3%, P<0.01), maximal HR (162.4±4.6 v. 145.6±4.8 bpm, P<0.01), and post-exercise blood lactate concentration (6.4±1.1 v. 3.7±0.5 mmol/L, P<0.01). Conclusion The kettlebell swing demonstrated significantly greater cardiovascular and metabolic responses within a TAB vs. TRAD framework. Appropriate screening and risk stratification are advised before implementing kettlebell swings.
39-P : ANTI-B∗44:02 DETECTED ON SINGLE-ANTIGEN (SA) BEADS SHOULD BE CONFIRMED THROUGH THE USE OF ADDITIONAL DETECTION TECHNIQUES

Aim We have noted that anti-B44 (44:02) detected with LABScreen® SA beads may not result in a positive crossmatch (XM). Inclusion of B44 as an avoidance antigen could unnecessarily exclude XM-compatible donors. Therefore, we sought to develop a protocol for authenticating when anti-B44 detected by SA beads should be classified for avoidance, ie, potential donor-specific antibody (DSA). We chose to use CDC PRA, C1qScreen™, and iBeads™ assays, and XM with surrogate donors (Flow and CDC) for verifying the presence or absence of anti-B44. It was felt that multiple tests may be needed, since we would be expecting negative detection results. Methods Sera from a patient with several determinations yielding anti-B44:02 (∼5000 MFI) by LABScreen® SA beads were analyzed. The sera were Flow XM negative with a potential donor, despite the positive virtual XM. Lambda™ Antigen Trays (LAT), C1qScreen™, iBeads™ (non-denatured SA beads), and XM with surrogate donors by CDC and Flow were used for confirmation of the presence or absence of the putative anti-B44 (44:02) DSA. Results Anti-B44 was not detected using LAT. C1qScreen™ and iBeads™ assays did not detect anti-B44. CDC and Flow XM were negative with the potential donor and 3 additional surrogate donors. Taken altogether, it would appear that the detected anti-B∗44:02 antibody was directed against denatured or partially denatured antigen, not in the native conformation, as normally found on cell surfaces. Conclusions Anti-B∗44:02 antibody detected on SA beads may be directed to denatured or partially denatured antigens, which have no in vivo relevance. One must carefully scrutinize apparent anti-HLA B∗44:02 antibodies (and possibly others) for the ability to bind to HLA-antigens in their native conformation and activate complement for clinical relevance. Therefore, the CDC assay remains relevant. One must be careful in the declaration of DSA, which could result in elimination of a good potential donor with the Virtual XM.
Suicidal Behavior in Schizophrenics

Bleuler (1) described the suicidal drive as “the most serious of schizophrenic symptoms”. Also, recent studies suggest that depression is common during the course of schizophrenic illness (2–5). This chapter will examine whether or not there is a relationship between depression and suicide in schizophrenia. Other possible determinants of suicidal behaviour in schizophrenic patients will also be discussed.
Ichthyofaunal utilization of newly-created versus natural salt marsh creeks in Mission Bay, CA

Loss of wetland habitat has proceeded at an alarmingrate in southern California, and increasingly marshrestoration and creation are being used to mitigatethese losses. As part of an effort to evaluatefunctional equivalence of created systems, theichthyofaunal assemblages in a created and adjacentnatural marsh in Mission Bay, San Diego, Californiawere compared. Fishes trapped in both marshes includedFundulus parvipinnis, Gillichthysmirabilis, Acanthogobius flavimanus, Ctenogobius sagittula, Atherinops affinis, andMugil cephalus. Fundulus parvipinniswasnumerically dominant in both systems, representing onaverage 69% of all fishes trapped in the createdmarsh and 65% of all fishes trapped in the naturalmarsh. Gillichthys mirabiliswas the second-mostabundant species, representing on average 31% of allfishes trapped in the created marsh and 28% of allfishes trapped in the natural marsh. Species richnessand dominance measures were similar between the twosystems, while abundances were higher in the naturalrelative to the created marsh. The size-structure ofF. parvipinnisand G. mirabilisdifferedbetween the created and natural marsh creeks, with thecreated marsh populations being skewed towards largersize classes. These size differences are believed toarise from differences in creek morphology between thecreated and natural systems, and potentially affectboth predators and prey of these species in the marsh.Mark-release-recapture revealed considerable marshfidelity, with as many as 35% of the F.parvipinnistagged in a marsh being recovered one daylater in the same marsh. Stable isotope analyses ofF. parvipinnisrevealed similar δ15Nand δ34S values between marshes; howeverthere was a consistent enrichment in 13C (>3per mil) in tissues of F. parvipinnisfrom thecreated marsh, supporting the high marsh fidelitysuggested by tagging results. This first publisheddocumentation of the Mission Bay marsh resident fishessuggests that the created marsh ichthyofaunalassemblage was distinct in density and size structurefrom the adjacent natural marsh, and provides lessonsfor future restoration efforts.
Reclaiming the Margins in the Face of the Quantified Self

Through the lens of my own experiences with a chronic and painful condition, I consider the ways that quantified self devices and services normalize and classify, creating a new kind of relationship to our medicalized conditions. My project seeks to co-opt these technologies in the service of revealing proprietary and arbitrary translations relied on to make decisions using QS devices.
Alterations in the uterine microbiome in patients with early endometrial cancer: Variations by ethnicity and obesity.

e17114Background: Obesity and race are known to negatively impact clinical outcomes in endometrial cancer (EC). Mounting evidence suggests the gut microbiome may play an important role in the patho...
Sex and gender in psychopathology: DSM-5 and beyond

Sex and gender differences in psychopathology have been understudied, yet identifying and understanding variability by sex and gender is important for the development of comprehensive etiological models as well as effective assessment and treatment of psychopathology in all persons. In the current article, we discuss the importance of sex and gender in psychopathology research, review terminology used when examining these constructs, and present multiple explanations for differential prevalence rates. Next, we review articles from psychopathology journals and conclude that researchers more often include both males and females than they did two decades ago, but still do not consistently analyze by sex or gender. We also provide an update of male-to-female ratios as presented in the DSM-5 and conduct a systematic review of the literature for selected disorders. We conclude that the DSM-5 presentation of sex or gender ratios is not systematic. Finally, we provide suggestions for the next DSM task force, researchers, journal editors, and funding agencies. These recommendations focus on more consistently and systematically considering sex and gender in all aspects of psychopathology research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
The amazing HK97 fold: versatile results of modest differences

dsDNA Bacteriophages, some dsDNA archaeal viruses and the Herpesviruses share many features including a common capsid assembly pathway and coat protein fold. The coat proteins of these viruses, which have the HK97 fold, co-assemble with a free or attached scaffolding protein and other capsid proteins into a precursor capsid, known as a procapsid or prohead. The procapsid is a metastable state that increases in stability as a result of morphological changes that occur during the dsDNA packaging reaction. We review evidence from several systems indicating that proper contacts acquired in the assembly of the procapsid are critical to forming the correct morphology in the mature capsid.
Effect of bacterial flagellin on thiamin uptake by human and mouse pancreatic acinar cells: inhibition mediated at the level of transcription of thiamin transporters 1 and 2.

The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that prolonged exposure of pancreatic acinar cells to flagellin inhibits uptake of vitamin B1, a micronutrient that is essential for energy metab...
Incorporation of spatially-resolved current density measurements with photoluminescence for advanced parameter imaging of solar cells

Abstract The spatial distribution of device performance parameters of solar cells provides important insight into their operation, including the type and magnitude of conversion losses and potential areas of improvement. In most of the procedures used to create these parameter images, a uniform (i.e., global) short-circuit current density (JSC) is usually assumed. However, JSC is known to vary over the surface of a solar cell, especially in polycrystalline absorber materials like multicrystalline silicon. In this work, a high speed quantum efficiency measurement rastered over the surface of a solar cell is used to obtain images of JSC. These JSC images are then used to calculate images of series resistance, dark saturation current density, fill factor, and conversion efficiency. Comparisons are made between the images created with a global JSC and with the spatially-resolved JSC. Negligible variation is observed in the series resistance and dark saturation current density images, but a drastic change is observed in the efficiency images between these two methods.
Cloud Recording for Diabetes Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations

Treatment of type 1 diabetes has improved with the application of continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pumps. Human input is still typically required for estimation of food-intake and level of physical activities. Many individuals find accurate estimation and reporting difficult, resulting in a mismatch between the levels of insulin injection and the rise in concentration of blood glucose, which the insulin is meant to counter. Machine learning algorithms could help find historical patterns and interpret manual estimations of food-intake and physical activity, as well as sensor input from continuous glucose monitoring devices and insulin pump devices. Development of machine learning models requires data having sufficient volume and reliability. The Internet of Things (IoT) could be used to transfer diabetes related data to cloud databases, which could then be analyzed. This study has started development of such a system. Google Sheets was selected for the prototype cloud storage using Google Script API for HTTP RESTful data transfer. A simulation of food-intake, digestion and blood glucose regulation was used for development of the prototype system instead of physical devices and human subjects. The initial results show promise, but more development and testing is required.
Towards a High-Speed Handheld Frequency-Domain Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy Deep Tissue Imaging System

We present work towards a fully embedded handheld frequency-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (FD-DOS) imaging system capable of measuring tissue chromophores at a data display rate of 36.6 kHz, enabling real-time high spatial density diffuse optical imaging.
Sensitivity and Specificity Analysis for Singular Value Decomposition and Independent Component Analysis Clutter Filters

Non-contrast ultrasound blood flow imaging is difficult at slow blood flow rates. For slow flow rates, tissue signal overpowers blood signal more than at faster velocities, masking blood flow, resulting in low CR and SNR values. Singular value decomposition (SVD) and independent component analysis (ICA) are useful for separating tissue, blood, and noise sources for Doppler filtering. In addition, it has been shown that applying SVD and ICA in a block-wise manner further improves source separation; noise within a small block is theoretically more stationary, and thus easier to separate. Here, we evaluate and compare the efficacy of SVD and ICA component sorting/classification methods by analyzing the sensitivity and specificity of each method, as well as introduce a novel Hierarchical Clustering method for component sorting.
Abstract PO-060: Gna13 delays disease progression in mouse models of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer

We previously reported that Gα13 (Gna13), a member of the G12 heterotrimeric G proteins, is upregulated in pancreatic cancer patients and contributes to invasion in cancer cells in vitro. While other reports have demonstrated a tumor promoting function of Gα13 in solid tumors, Gα13 functions as a tumor suppressor in mouse models of B cell lymphoma. In this study, we evaluated the role of Gα13 in mouse models of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. To examine the role of Gα13 in pancreatic cancer development and progression, we crossed mice with a floxed allele of Gna13 to mice expressing oncogenic KrasG12D (KrasG12D;Pdx1-Cre). In parallel, we measured transplanted tumors established from pancreatic cell lines, where Gna13 is silenced or deleted. Further, we determined how loss of Gα13 influences cerulein-induced pancreatitis and inflammation-driven tumor progression in mice. Tumors derived from Gα13-deficient cells grew significantly slower than control cells when transplanted in either the orthotopic or subcutaneous site. However, cancer development and overall survival were unaffected in mice with heterozygous loss of Gα13, when compared to mice with intact expression of Gα13. Interestingly, in an aggressive cancer model (KrasG12D;P53R172H;Pdx1-Cre) loss of Gα13 led to faster tumor development and decreased overall survival. Furthermore, we found that Gα13 loss leads to enhanced inflammation and more progressive acinar-ductal metaplasia in pancreatitis. Overall, our results demonstrate a context-dependent role of Gα13 in the pancreas. Similar to previous reports, we show that inhibiting Gα13 in cancer cell lines limits tumor growth in vivo. However, in a genetic mouse model, loss of Gα13 promotes pancreatitis-induced inflammation and promotes tumor development and progression. Citation Format: Mario A. Shields, Christina Spaulding, Mahmoud G. Khalafalla, Thao D.N. Pham, Hidayatullah G. Munshi. Gna13 delays disease progression in mouse models of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2020 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-060.
The impact of tool configuration spaces on the evaluation of configurable taint analysis for Android

The most popular static taint analysis tools for Android allow users to change the underlying analysis algorithms through configuration options. However, the large configuration spaces make it difficult for developers and users alike to understand the full capabilities of these tools, and studies to-date have only focused on individual configurations. In this work, we present the first study that evaluates the configurations in Android taint analysis tools, focusing on the two most popular tools, FlowDroid and DroidSafe. First, we perform a manual code investigation to better understand how configurations are implemented in both tools. We formalize the expected effects of configuration option settings in terms of precision and soundness partial orders which we use to systematically test the configuration space. Second, we create a new dataset of 756 manually classified flows across 18 open-source real-world apps and conduct large-scale experiments on this dataset and micro-benchmarks. We observe that configurations make significant tradeoffs on the performance, precision, and soundness of both tools. The studies to-date would reach different conclusions on the tools' capabilities were they to consider configurations or use real-world datasets. In addition, we study the individual options through a statistical analysis and make actionable recommendations for users to tune the tools to their own ends. Finally, we use the partial orders to test the tool configuration spaces and detect 21 instances where options behaved in unexpected and incorrect ways, demonstrating the need for rigorous testing of configuration spaces.
Response to commentary on “cues to care: future directions for ecological landscapes”

This commentary is in response to “Commentary on Cues to Care: future directions for ecological landscapes” (Nassauer 2020) that stated there were “errors and apparent misunderstanding” of Cues to Care (CTC) in a published perspectives article (Hostetler in Urban Ecosyst 24:11–19, 2021). This perspectives article reviewed CTC studies that explored landscaping designs and maintenance practices needed to meet aesthetic expectations for managed urban and rural landscapes. I write this commentary to state that there were no misunderstandings of CTC by (Hostetler in Urban Ecosyst 24:11–19, 2021) and reiterate ways to conduct future CTC studies in order to create more sustainable landscapes.
A Comparison of Calpuff Modeling Results With 1977 Inel Field Data Results

CALPUFF is a non-steady-state, multi-layer puff dispersion model that simulates the effects of time and space varying meteorological conditions. The puff modeling simulation results are compared with data obtained following a single 3-hour late-afternoon tracer release conducted on April 19, 1977 near Idaho Falls, Idaho, USA. Samplers were positioned on arcs at downwind distances of 3.2, 48 and 90 km. Low-level instrumented masts provided hourly values of wind and temperature at 17 sites within the experimental area. Hourly rawindsondes were available 600 m northwest of the release point. And hourly pibals provided winds aloft at three other sites within the area. In this discussion, alternative combinations of the available meteorological data were used to assess the differences to be seen in the simulation results. Analysis of the results suggests that the simulated lateral dispersion along each arc was best characterized when all of the surface and upper wind observations were used and that the position of the simulated maximum on each arc was poorly characterized regardless of data used.
Peripheral Inflammation Facilitates Aβ Fiber-Mediated Synaptic Input to the Substantia Gelatinosa of the Adult Rat Spinal Cord

Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons in thick adult rat transverse spinal cord slices with attached dorsal roots to study changes in fast synaptic transmission induced by peripheral inflammation. In slices from naive rats, primary afferent stimulation at Abeta fiber intensity elicited polysynaptic EPSCs in only 14 of 57 (25%) SG neurons. In contrast, Abeta fiber stimulation evoked polysynaptic EPSCs in 39 of 62 (63%) SG neurons recorded in slices from rats inflamed by an intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) 48 hr earlier (p < 0.001). Although the peripheral inflammation had no significant effect on the threshold and conduction velocities of Abeta, Adelta, and C fibers recorded in dorsal roots, the mean threshold intensity for eliciting EPSCs was significantly lower in cells recorded from rats with inflammation (naive: 33.2 +/- 15.1 microA, n = 57; inflamed: 22.8 +/- 11.3 microA, n = 62, p < 0.001), and the mean latency of EPSCs elicited by Abeta fiber stimulation in CFA-treated rats was significantly shorter than that recorded from naive rats (3.3 +/- 1.8 msec, n = 36 vs 6.0 +/- 3.5 msec, n = 12; p = 0.010). Abeta fiber stimulation evoked polysynaptic IPSCs in 4 of 25 (16%) cells recorded from naive rat preparations and 14 of 26 (54%) SG neurons from CFA-treated rats (p < 0.001). The mean threshold intensity for IPSCs was also significantly lower in CFA-treated rats (naive: 32.5 +/- 15.7 microA, n = 25; inflamed: 21. 9 +/- 9.9 microA, n = 26, p = 0.013). The facilitation of Abeta fiber-mediated input into the substantia gelatinosa after peripheral inflammation may contribute to altered sensory processing.
Cooperative electronic chart development-the GAADS project

The National Ocean Service (NOS) is currently supporting the development and implementation of the Graphical Analysis, Archiving, and Display Station (GAADS) of the United States Coast Guard (USCG) through the provision of electronic chart prototypes. NOS is working closely with the USCG and is assisting it in the determination of data requirements and feature display density by producing a number of digital nautical chart specific data files. In addition, NOS is developing an efficient method for producing digital data files for the entire suite of NOS nautical charts, if required. The author describes the GAADS system, data preparation, and prototype production techniques employed in the compilation of GAADS charts. >
Unipotent groups associated to reduced curves

Let X be a curve defined over an algebraically closed field k with char(k) = p > 0. Assume that X/k is reduced. In this paper we study the unipotent part U of the Jacobian Jx/k. In particular, we prove that if p is large in terms of the dimension of U, then U is isomorphic to a product of additive groups Ga.
Stories of Asian American physicians at Baylor University Medical Center.

(2004). Stories of Asian American Physicians at Baylor University Medical Center. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 432-443.
Progressivism as Communitarian Democracy

This article formulates a progressive conception of communitarian democracy which rests upon the distinction between deliberative and dedicated conceptions of community. Deliberative communities seek fallibilistic change through a non-Enlightenment conception of practical reason. According to this pragmatist conception of practical reason, members of deliberative communities jointly attempt to formulate political truth independently of any a priori or non-deliberative standards of the right and the good. By contrast, dedicated communities seek what they regard as the truth about reality and insist upon adhering to those cultural and social givens of their society which express this truth. The distinction between deliberative and dedicated communities is relevant to the debate between liberalism and communitarianism. Rather than viewing this debate as one between those who value community and those who do not, it is better understood as a controversy over the appropriate kind of community. Typically, liberals seek deliberative communities, while communitarians seek dedicated ones. However, a person committed to deliberativism as the method of social change can also regard deliberativism as defining a certain conception of community and the conception of the persons who are its members. Consequently, in this view, almost every serious person is a communitarian, but some people are deliberative communitarians while others are dedicated communitarians. Communitarian democracy is an attempt to describe a deliberative community. Communitarian democrats seek freedom, equality, and solidarity for the purpose of devising joint solutions to social problems. In order to achieve this, communitarian democrats devise a civic discourse shorn of dedicated features, which values each citizen equally as a member of the community. This has implication for at least three conflicts in political and constitutional affairs. Since no irreducibly dedicated premises are possible in this civic discourse, dedicated arguments are impossible without translation into deliberative terms. This implies a particular conclusion to the debate about religion in the public square, namely, that dedicated religious discourse must be translated into its deliberative counterpart, if it has one, before its proponents may use it in public justification. (The article pays close attention to Michael Perry's work concerning the role of religion in the public square.) Similarly, concerning multicultural conceptions of the right and the good, communitarian democrats can accept only those multicultural conceptions translatable into deliberative discourse. And, finally, communitarian democrats must guard against constitutional atrophy, the process by which initially deliberative structures become dedicated through lack of vigilance, criticism, and challenge. In a communitarian democracy, atrophied deliberative structures may be just as inefficient and unfair as some decidedly dedicated structures and must be similarly avoided.
Notch-1 signalling requires ligand-induced proteolytic release of intracellular domain.

Notch proteins are ligand-activated transmembrane receptors involved in cell-fate selection throughout development1,2,3. No known enzymatic activity is contained within Notch and the molecular mechanism by which it transduces signals across the cell membrane is poorly understood. In many instances, Notch activation results in transcriptional changes in the nucleus through an association with members of the CSL family of DNA-binding proteins (where CSL stands for CBF1, Su(H), Lag-1)1,2,3,4. As Notch is located in the plasma membrane and CSL is a nuclear protein, two models have been proposed to explain how they interact (Fig. 1) . The first suggests that the two interact transiently at the membrane1,5,6,7. The second postulates that Notch is cleaved by a protease, enabling the cleaved fragment to enter the nucleus6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14. Here we show that signalling by a constitutively active membrane-bound Notch-1 protein requires the proteolytic release of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), which interacts preferentially with CSL. Very small amounts of NICD are active, explaining why it is hard to detect in the nucleus in vivo. We also show that it is ligand binding that induces release of NICD.
Evaluation and management of vestibular migraine in children: Experience from a pediatric vestibular clinic.

Abstract Objective Epidemiologic studies have shown Vestibular migraine (VM) to be the most common cause of vertigo in children, but little is known about the typical presentation and response to treatment of this disorder in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic features and response to therapy of VM in children managed at a pediatric vestibular clinic. Methods Twenty-eight patients ≤18 years old with a diagnosis of VM were identified from 208 patients seen at the Balance and Vestibular Program at Boston Children's Hospital from July 2012–July 2014, after excluding 12 patients with a history of major otologic or neurologic surgery, recent concussion, or additional vestibular disorders. Patients' electronic medical records and testing results were retrospectively reviewed. Results Patients ranged in age from 9 to 18 years old (mean 14.48). All included patients met criteria for definite (n = 25) or probable (n = 3) VM as defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Rotary chair (n = 17), caloric (n = 8), cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (n = 16), and video head impulse (n = 3) tests were normal. Medications effectively reduced reported vestibular symptoms in 88% of those treated with tricyclics (n = 8), 86% of those treated with cyprohepatadine (n = 7), 80% of those treated with topiramate (n = 5), 80% of those treated with triptans (n = 10), and 25% of those treated with gabapentin (n = 4). Conclusions Vestibular migraine is a common cause of vertigo in the pediatric population that is frequently responsive to medical therapy.
Potential time savings to radiology department personnel in a PACS-based environment

A purported benefit of digital imaging and archiving of radiographic procedures is the presumption of time savings to radiologists, radiology technologists, and radiology departmentpersonnel involved with processingfilms and managing theflimfile room. As part of the University of Washington's evaluation of Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS)for the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, a study was performed which evaluated the current operationalpractices of the film-based radiology department at the University of Washington Medical Center (UWMC). Industrial engineering time and motion studies were conducted to document the length of time requiredforfilm processing in various modalities, the proportion of the total exam time usedforfilm processing, the amount of time radiologists spent searchingfor and looking at images, and the amount of time file room personnel spent collating reports, making loans, updatingfilm jacket information, and purging files. This evaluation showed that better than one-half of the tasks in the file room may be eliminated with PACS and radiologists may save easily 10 percent of the time they spend reading films by no longer having to searchforfilms. Radiology technologists may also save as much as 10 percent of their time with PACS, although this estimate is subject to significant patient mix aberrations and measurement error. Given that the UWMC radiology department operates efficiently, similar improvements are forecast for other radiology departments and larger improvements areforecastfor less efficient departments.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effective fault detection & isolation using bond graph-based Domain decomposition

The problem of fault detection and isolation in complex chemical/biochemical plants can be effectively addressed by a hierarchical strategy involving successive narrowing of the search space of potential faults. A bond graph network is one means of achieving a decomposition based on a separation of the physical domains such as mechanical, electrical, etc. In this work, bond graph theory is used with a three-stage procedure to fulfill the tasks of fault detection and isolation. First, the multivariate statistical method of principal component analysis is used to remove outliers and reduce the data dimensions. Second, the discrete wavelet transform is applied to the resulting scores to abstract the dynamics at different scales. In the third and final step, the Mahalanobis distance is applied to the results found in step two to calculate the confidence level. Based on the degree of violation from the nominal probability level, the detection of a potential fault is concluded to be true. Following a conclusion of true, fault isolation is achieved by comparing the time scale at which the violation of the nominal probability level occurred to the time scale associated with each physical domain. Two examples are presented to demonstrate these concepts.
Photolysis of SO2 in the presence of foreign gases IV. Wavelength and temperature effects with CO

Abstract Studies of the photolysis of SO 2 in the presence of CO have been extended (from 3130 A and 300 K) to 2537 and 3261 A at 300 K, and to 415 and 520 K at 3130 A. Experiments were also performed in the presence of either or both of No and N 2 . The quantum yield for CO 2 formation, Φ{CO 2 }, is independent of temperature and the absorbed intensity, but shows a mild wavelength dependence. At high SO 2 pressures, Φ{CO 2 } is nearly independent of [SO 2 ] and directly proportional to [CO]. At lower SO 2 pressures, Φ{CO 2 } increases with decreasing [SO 2 ]. Φ{CO 2 } is markedly reduced by the addition of small amounts of NO, but is not zero. The addition of a large excess N 2 gives only a slight reduction in Φ{CO 2 }. Further experimental evidence is provided for the non-emitting singlet and triplet states. The results are fitted with a three electronic state model of two excited singlets (one emitting and one non-emitting) and the non-emitting triplet state. A set of rate constants is obtained which is consistent with all the spectroscopic data and satisfactorily fits almost all of the 216 data points at 300 K as well as those at elevated temperatures.
Preceptors’ Perception of Students in Supervised Practice

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: Identify preceptors' suggestions for improving student success in the supervised practice setting Supervised practice instruction is a valuable component of undergraduate dietetic education and post-graduate internship programs. The practice setting offers opportunities for learning experiences not always feasible in the classroom. The purposes of this study were to identify preceptors' expectations of dietetic students in the supervised practice setting and the perceived effect of health care restructuring on the preceptor role. The study was also designed to identify preceptors' views on the purpose of clinical education as well as what advice they would give students entering the clinical setting. An open-ended critical incident questionnaire was distributed to dietetics preceptors at a large urban university. Data analysis involved examining the discrete incidents for common elements. An overwhelming majority (98%) of respondents indicated they expected basic technical skills from students entering the clinical setting. Estimating calorie needs, commonly utilized lab values, and basic diet therapy were among the specific responses. Communication skills (30%) and professional behavior (23%) were also considered expected student skills. Preceptors reported having less time with students (63%) and increased responsibility (25%) as a result of health care restructuring. Frustrating preceptor experiences included low student motivation (40%) and poor personal and professional behavior (21%). Being proactive, positive, and a self starter were included by over half of the respondents as advice they would give students beginning supervised practice as a facilitator of success. Translating theory into practice (63%) was cited as the primary purpose of clinical education. The results of this study identify specific areas of preparation for dietetic students entering the practice setting, as well as the need for preceptor rewards and supports.
Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes: The Emergency Physician's Perspective

Abstract The platelet plays a central role in the pathogenesis of coronary thrombosis after atherosclerotic plaque rupture, and its active inhibition forms a cornerstone of the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Early treatment with clopidogrel in addition to aspirin is more effective than aspirin alone in reducing recurrent ischemic events in patients presenting with ACS, and is a useful adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention, especially with stenting. There is a potential for increased bleeding complications in patients on clopidogrel therapy who subsequently undergo urgent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Consequently, many emergency physicians withhold clopidogrel treatment until it is clear that urgent coronary artery bypass graft surgery will not be required. The potential untoward effects seem to be minimized by withholding antiplatelet therapy 3–5 days before surgery. Intravenous glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors inhibitors are also particularly useful in patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention, and may have some utility in the medical management of patients with high-risk non-ST-segment elevation ACS, starting in the emergency department. For patients presenting to the emergency department with ACS, the benefits and risks of initiating clopidogrel or GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy need to be considered on an individual basis.