cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Soft pions, chiral symmetry, and phenomenological lagrangians

A method is devised for extracting the entire content of the joint assumptions of partially conserved axial-vector current (PCAC) and current algebra. This technique is used to derive a set of identities which generate all possible soft-pion theorems; moreover, the direct relationship between the PCAC-current-algebra approach and the so-called phenomenological Lagrangian approach to deriving these theorems is explicitly established. The technique used throughout clearly reveals all of the assumptions inherent in the phenomenological Lagrangian approach, and provides formal expressions for the correction terms to the soft-pion theorems following from the Lagrangian formalism. Particular attention is paid to clarifying the relationship between so-called "PCAC correction terms" and "$\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ terms," with special emphasis placed upon their role in the calculation of formulas for pion-pion scattering. It is argued that our results strongly suggest that the only appealing explanation for the success of the PCAC hypothesis is that the real world satisfies an approximate $\mathrm{SU}(2)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{SU}(2)$ symmetry; and, moreover, in a world in which such a symmetry is exact, the pion corresponds to a Goldstone boson.
Improving Reading Comprehension for Elementary Students With Learning Disabilities: UDL Enhanced Story Mapping

Story mapping is an effective visual strategy to enhance comprehension of narrative text in students, with or without disabilities. This article demonstrates how instruction can be designed using principles of universal design for learning with the evidence-based story-mapping strategy to improve reading comprehension for elementary students with a reading disability. Applying the principles of universal design for learning in the instructional design of a story-mapping lesson increases accessibility and removes barriers to engagement and interaction experienced by students with learning disabilities who have reading and writing challenges. An illustration of the planning and delivery of a universal design for learning enhanced story-mapping lesson that fits into the classroom schedule in inclusive general education or special education classrooms is included.
QR Code Mania

Quick response codes (or QR codes) have rapidly become a major tool in marketing and advertising. They frequently appear in magazines, catalogues, and advertisements, or online. But what exactly ar...
Automated damage test facilities for materials development and production optic quality assurance at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

The Laser Program at LLNL has developed automated facilities for damage testing optics up to 1 meter in diameter. The systems were developed to characterize the statistical distribution of localized damage performance across large-aperture National Ignition Facility optics. Full aperture testing is a key component of the quality assurance program for several of the optical components. The primary damage testing methods used are R:1 mapping and raster scanning. Automation of these test methods was required to meet the optics manufacturing schedule. The automated activities include control and diagnosis of the damage-test laser beam as well as detection and characterization of damage events.
Modeling and Design of Controlled Current Induction Motor Drive Systems

A dynamic model for current-controlled induction motor drives is developed, and a transfer function approach to the transient response investigation is formulated by means of d-q variables in the synchronously rotating reference frame. A sample control strategy is discussed, and transfer functions for various combinations of input and output variables are presented. It is shown that both dynamic and static instabilities exist for open-loop operation, but a well-damped closed-loop response is possible if slip frequency and current magnitude control are imposed. A comparison between the analytical transfer function transient performance predictions, the transient respontse predicted by the hybrid computer simulation, and actual laboratory tests is made using frequency response techniques. Bode plots are used to correlate' the results between laboratory and analytical techniques. Hybrid computer and laboratory results are presented to show typical steady-state characteristics and waveforms.
100% PBL curriculum: Startup phase complete

In 2010, a new 100% PBL curriculum was started as the result of an economic development initiative and the dissatisfaction with the traditional engineering education model, The program was adapted from the Aalborg University model of PBL. The curriculum attributes include industry sponsored design projects, self-directed learning, emphasis on continuous development of professional skills. There are no lectures. Students acquire technical knowledge in the context of the project. This program is now in its 10th semester. It has achieved accreditation through ABET-EAC. Data has been collected on the satisfaction of both the graduates and their supervisors with regard to their abilities to perform across the spectrum of expectations in engineering practice. The paper will address the current structure of the curriculum, the trajectory it followed from startup to present, and evaluate the model using data collected on student development and attitudes. The authors will connect the curriculum design to learning theory and curriculum theory. They will address implementation and evolution with regards to change theory. A complete description of the continuous improvement model will be discussed.
New anchor selection methods for image retrieval

Anchoring is a technique for representing objects by their distances to a few well chosen landmarks, or anchors. Objects are mapped to distance-based feature vectors, which can be used for content-based retrieval, classification, clustering, and relevance feedback of images, audio, and video. The anchoring transformation typically reduces dimensionality and replaces expensive similarity computations in the original domain with simple distance computations in the anchored feature domain, while guaranteeing lack of false dismissals. Anchoring is therefore surprisingly simple, yet effective, and flavors of it have seen application in speech recognition, audio classification, protein homology detection, and shape matching. In this paper, we describe the anchoring technique in some detail and study methods for anchor selection, both from an analytical, as well as empirical, standpoint. Most work to date has largely ignored this problem by fixing the anchors to be the entire set of objects or by using greedy selection from among the set of objects. We generalize previous work by considering anchors from outside of the object space, and by deriving an analytical upper bound on the distance-approximation error of the method.
Jammin’ on the jazz frontier: The Japanese jazz community in interwar Shanghai

(1999). Jammin’ on the jazz frontier: The Japanese jazz community in interwar Shanghai. Japanese Studies: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 5-16.
Lubricating cell signaling pathways with gangliosides

Abstract Gangliosides — glycosphingolipids that contain sialic acid — are concentrated in plasma membrane lipid domains that are specialized for cell signaling. Recent evidence indicates that gangliosides have two different roles in cell signaling. They can act in cis to modulate tyrosine kinase receptor function and in trans as ligands for receptors that facilitate communication between cells. These signaling functions of gangliosides may be potential therapeutic targets in cancer, diabetes and nerve regeneration.
Pseudohermaphroditism in Ilyanassa obsoleta (Mollusca: Neogastropoda)

Field studies, a rearing and maintenance program, and a transfer experiment have shown that anomalous male traits found in some female Ilyanassa obsoleta are an expression of environmentally controlled psuedohermaphroditism. The particular pattern of pseudohermaphroditism discovered in this species has not been reported previously from any other group, but may be characteristic of the Neogastropoda.
What Happens to Household Formation in a Recession

The present economic downturn has been, by many measures, the most severe since the Great Depression. The housing market has been buffeted by large declines in real house prices, caused in part by the collapse of the housing finance system and by continued job losses. While the difficulties in the housing market are nationwide, some areas have experienced much steeper declines in home prices and overall housing market activity. The national home-ownership rate has declined from a peak above 69 percent to just over 67 percent, with home-ownership rates for some minority groups falling by an even greater extent. At the same time, homeowner vacancy rates have increased markedly over the past few years and rental vacancy rates have also drifted upwards. This naturally begs the question: Where have these households gone?
Chemistry of acetyl transfer by histone modifying enzymes: structure, mechanism and implications for effector design

The post-translational modification of histones plays an important role in chromatin regulation, a process that insures the fidelity of gene expression and other DNA transactions. Of the enzymes that mediate post-translation modification, the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins that add and remove acetyl groups to and from target lysine residues within histones, respectively, have been the most extensively studied at both the functional and structural levels. Not surprisingly, the aberrant activity of several of these enzymes have been implicated in human diseases such as cancer and metabolic disorders, thus making them important drug targets. Significant mechanistic insights into the function of HATs and HDACs have come from the X-ray crystal structures of these enzymes both alone and in liganded complexes, along with associated enzymatic and biochemical studies. In this review, we will discuss what we have learned from the structures and related biochemistry of HATs and HDACs and the implications of these findings for the design of protein effectors to regulate gene expression and treat disease.
Single-dose disulfiram does not inhibit CYP2A6 activity

Background Disulfiram and its primary metabolite diethyldithiocarbamate are effective mechanism-based inhibitors of human liver cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in vitro. A single dose of disulfiram, which significantly diminishes human P450 2E1 activity in vivo, has been used to investigate the role of CYP2E1 in human drug metabolism and to prevent CYP2E1-mediated biotransformation. Nevertheless, the specificity of single-dose disulfiram toward human CYP2E1 in vivo is unknown. Because diethyldithiocarbamate also inhibits human liver CYP2A6 in vitro, this investigation explored the effect of single-dose disulfiram on human CYP2A6 activity in vivo. Methods CYP2A6 activity was assessed by the 7-hydroxylation of coumarin, which is catalyzed selectively by CYP2A6. Ten healthy volunteers received 50 mg oral coumarin on two occasions in a randomized crossover design, approximately 10 hours after 500 mg oral disulfiram was administered or after no pretreatment (control group). Plasma and urine 7-hydroxycoumarin and plasma coumarin concentrations were determined by HPLC. Results The area under the plasma 7-hydroxycoumarin versus time curve (2.69 ± 0.90 μg · hr/ml) was not decreased after disulfiram pretreatment (3.33 ± 0.93 μg · hr/ml). Furthermore, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 7-hydroxycoumarin (1.4 ± 0.5 versus 1.8 ± 0.6 μg/ml) and time to reach Cmax (1.0 ± 0.2 and 1.0 ± 0.4 hour) were unchanged by disulfiram pretreatment. Urinary 7-hydroxycoumarin excretion over a 24-hour period (38.9 ± 10.8 mg) was also undiminished by disulfiram pretreatment (45.2 ± 6.6 mg). Conclusions Single-dose disulfiram does not inhibit human CYP2A6 activity in vivo. When single-dose disulfiram is used as an in vivo probe for P450, inhibition of drug metabolism suggests involvement of CYP2E1 but not CYP2A6. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1998) 64, 39–45; doi:
A REVIEW OF SONOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF ABDOMINAL BLOOD VESSELS AND JUXTAVASCULAR ORGANS

Abdominal vasculature can be evaluated non-invasively using 2-D ultrasound imaging and Doppler ultrasonography. The identification of abdominal vessels using ultrasound is based on knowledge of their normal location, appearance and relationship to specific organs. Because anatomic location of major abdominal vessels is fairly consistent, finding and following vessels is a useful aid when attempting to locate and evaluate juxta-vascular organs. Sonographic vascular evaluation may be beneficial in providing information regarding central cardiovascular abnormalities, detection of abnormalities involving the vessel interrogated, or detection of abnormalities of the parenchymal bed that the vessel supplies. Knowledge of the location and appearance of the vessels is necessary for this information to be of diagnostic value. In this paper, abdominal vessels in the dog are reviewed and a sonographic map of major abdominal vessels is described. This includes the sonographic appearance of the aorta, caudal vena cava, and protal vein, their major branches and their anatomic relationship with adjacent organs. Identification of the medial iliac lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes, abdominal esophagus, duodenum, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, adrenal glands and liver lobes are assisted by recognizing specific vascular landmarks. The locations and appearances of pertinent organs as pertains to abdominal vasculature (caudal vena cava and aorta) are described.
Cycles of Agglutination-Disagglutination Induced by Ristocetin in Thrombasthenic Platelets

Summary. An oscillatory pattern of platelet agglutination-disagglutination in response to Ristocetin (R) at narrow concentration ranges was observed in citrated platelet rich plasma (PRP) of 10 patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. The cyclic pattern decreased in intensity over time, was reproducible, and was not pH dependent. Formalin-fixed thrombasthenic platelets agglutinated with R but did not show a cyclic pattern. Incubation with 2.5 μm ADP inhibited R oscillation response, but small increases in R dose overcame this inhibition. The addition of ATP or creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase to thrombasthenic platelets inhibited by ADP restored the R oscillation response. In the platelets of a single patient, intracellular levels of ADP and ATP were shown to diminish during an oscillation response to R. There was an increase in AMP levels during the same period of time. The changes in these three intracellular nucleotides were gradual over time and did not vary with phases of the oscillation. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), at concentrations shown to block cyclooxy-genase activity in control platelets, enabled thrombasthenic platelets to respond to R with full agglutination without oscillations. Lower concentrations of ASA in the PRP gave a return of the oscillation response. Our data suggest that the disagglutination phase of the R response of thrombasthenic platelets is not a function of the known glycoprotein membrane defect, but depends on materials originating in the platelet whose release is blocked by ASA.
A variable time–step algorithm for air quality models

Abstract In current air quality models, distinct process operators are applied sequentially to pollutant concentration fields. A common time step is used to synchronize all the processes. Usually, the characteristic time for advection, which is equal to the grid length divided by the wind speed, is selected as the common step. Since the same time step is used everywhere in the domain, the maximum wind speed and minimum grid length determine the step size. This leads to computational inefficiency in cells where process characteristic times are much longer than the time step. A variable time–step algorithm was developed that allows each grid cell to have its own time step. Concentrations in cells with shorter time steps are updated using fluxes from cells with longer time steps. Fluxes from cells with shorter time steps to cells with longer time steps are kept in reservoirs. Concentrations in cells with longer time steps remain constant until the time levels are synchronized. At the time of synchronization the mass in each reservoir is added to the corresponding cell. A two–dimensional implementation of the algorithm that uses the same time step in each vertical column is described. PM 2.5 estimates obtained by using variable time steps are, on average, within 3% of those obtained by using a single time step. Larger differences are observed for PM 2.5 components, especially for sulfate, which is 12% higher in winter. The differences in light extinction are also within 3% and those in ozone are within 1%. The computation time decreased by 50% in a winter episode largely due to the economy realized in aerosol equilibrium calculations. The time saved by this algorithm can be spent in increasing the process detail in air quality models or improving their computational accuracy.
Nonlinear bionetwork structure inference using the random sampling-high dimensional model representation (RS-HDMR) algorithm

This work presents the random sampling - high dimensional model representation (RS-HDMR) algorithm for identifying complex bionetwork structures from multivariate data. RS-HDMR describes network interactions through a hierarchy of input-output (IO) functions of increasing dimensionality. Sensitivity analysis based on the calculated RS-HDMR component functions provides a statistically interpretable measure of network interaction strength, and can be used to efficiently infer network structure. Advantages of RS-HDMR include the ability to capture nonlinear and cooperative realtionships among network components, the ability to handle both continuous and discrete relationships, the ability to be used as a high-dimensional IO model for quantitative property prediction, and favorable scalability with respect to the number of variables. To demonstrate, RS-HDMR was applied to experimental data measuring the single-cell response of a protein-protein signaling network to various perturbations. The resultant analysis identified the network structure comparable to that reported in the literature and to the results from a previous Bayesian network (BN) analysis. The IO model also revealed several nonlinear feedback and cooperative mechanisms that were unidentified through BN analysis.
Changes in Clinical Practice in Response to Reductions in Reimbursement: Physician Autonomy and Resistance to Bureaucratization

This analysis of field data from 1991 and 1992 examines the process of joint decision making between cardiothoracic surgeons and anesthesiologists in a U.S. hospital as they made changes in clinical practice in response to reimbursement reductions. Although these physicians have concurrent responsibility for patient care in the operating room, their domains of authority are ambiguous. Much clinical decision making was found to be based on charismatic authority. In making practice changes, cardiothoracic surgeons maintained all and anesthesiologists most of their charismatic authority, expanding the conventional range of physician practice while prescribing specific practices for nonphysician providers. Ambiguity of joint physician authority over patient care was left unresolved, and the economic goals of the practice changes were not realized. Physicians resisted the bureaucratic claim to authority rooted in cost accounting by resorting to the need for nonroutinized clinical decisions.
A decoupling technique for CMOS strong-coupled structures

A novel decoupling technique for CMOS gate with strong-coupled components is presented. The feedback structure is reduced to a unidirectional one, which facilitates the fast-timing simulation. Based on the waveform relaxation technique, the decoupling principles and procedures are discussed in detail. Most of the factors, which influence the operation of the strong-coupled components, are taken into account. The proposed method is validated by SPICE simulation.
Effect of osmotic compression on the force-velocity properties of glycerinated rabbit skeletal muscle cells

The force-velocity relations of single glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers at 5 degrees C were studied at maximum and half-maximum activation in the presence of 0 (control) and 39-145 g/liter dextran T-70. Resting fiber diameter decreased progressively to approximately 70% of the nondextran control as the dextran concentration was increased. Isometric force at full activation increased to a maximum of 136% of control at 111 g/liter dextran and then fell to 80% of control in 145 g/liter dextran. Maximum velocity, which fell to 49% of the control value in the highest concentration of dextran, was nearly constant at approximately 65% control over the range of 58-111 g/liter dextran. Relative maximum power, which gives an estimate of changes in intermediate velocity, was not significantly reduced by dextran concentrations up to 76 g/liter, but then fell progressively to 62% of control in the highest concentration of dextran. At half-maximum activation, maximum velocity and relative maximum power were not significantly different from the values at full activation. The results obtained at partial activation indicate that the decline of velocity seen in the presence of dextran is not due to a passive internal load and that the dextran does not cause a viscous resistance to shortening. The increased velocity in the absence of dextran can be explained by the reduced ability of cross-bridges to resist shortening, as proposed by Goldman (1987. Biophys. J. 51:57).
Constraining quasar host halo masses with the strength of nearby Lyα forest absorption

Using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, we measure the mean transmitted flux in the Lyα forest for quasar sightlines that pass near a foreground quasar. We find that the trend of absorption with pixel quasar separation distance can be fitted using a simple powerlaw form including the usual correlation function parameters r0 and γ , so that [F(r )] = exp{−τeff[1 + ( r r0 ) −γ ]}. From the simulations, we find the relation between r0 and quasar host mass, and formulate this as a way to estimate quasar host dark matter halo masses, quantifying uncertainties due to cosmological and IGM parameters, and redshift errors. With this method, we examine data for ∼9000 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 5, assuming that the effect of ionizing radiation from quasars (the so-called transverse proximity effect) is unimportant (no evidence for it is seen in the data). We find that the best-fitting host halo mass for SDSS quasars with mean redshift z = 3 and absolute G-band magnitude −27.5 is log M/M� = 12.68 +0.81 −0.67 . We also use the Lyman-Break Galaxy (LBG) and Lyα forest data of Adelberger et al. in a similar fashion to constrain the halo mass of LBGs to be log10 M/M� = 11.41 +0.54 −0.59 , a factor of ∼20 lower than the bright quasars. In addition, we study the redshift distortions of the Lyα forest around quasars, using the simulations. We use the quadrupole to monopole ratio of the quasar Lyα forest correlation function as a measure of the squashing effect. We find its dependence on halo mass difficult to measure, but find that it may be useful for constraining cosmic geometry.
Towards a Business Intelligence Maturity Model for Healthcare

Healthcare is a very complex, knowledge-driven industry. Electronic health record implementations have created massive amounts of clinical and financial data. The accumulation of data is outpacing the ability of organizations to leverage the data for improving financial and clinical efficiencies and quality of care. It is believed that careful and attentive use of business intelligence (BI) in healthcare can transform data into knowledge that can improve patient outcomes and operational efficiency. BI maturity models are a way of identifying strengths and weaknesses of the information maturity of a business. This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing BI maturity models to determine their adequacy for use in healthcare. The review identifies gaps in existing BI maturity models and presents requirements for a healthcare-specific maturity model. The results of this study will be used to develop a BI maturity model that addresses the complex characteristics and needs of healthcare organizations.
The Philosophy of Harmony in Classical Confucianism

This essay introduces the philosophy of harmony in Classical Confucianism. In the first part of the essay the author summarizes the concept of harmony as it was developed in various Confucian classics. In the second part, the author offers an account of the Confucian program of harmony, ranging from internal harmony in the person, to harmony in the family, the state, the international world, and finally to harmony in the entire universe. This essay discusses the philosophy of harmony (he) in Classical Confucianism during the Pre-Qin and Han period (up to 220 ad). The Confucian tradition has been shaped with many sources, including social ideals, values, and practices that predate Confucius (551–479 bce). The corpus of the Confucian Classics consists of 13 ancient texts, including the Yi Jing (Book of Change), Li Ji (Book of Rites), the Shang Shu (Book of History), the Shi Jing (Book of Odes), the Zuo Zhuan (Zuo’s Annuls), and others, in addition to Confucius’s Analects and the book of Mencius. None of these works was actually written by Confucius himself. Confucian philosophers subsequently reshaped the tradition by modifying and developing early Confucian thought. When we examine the Confucian philosophy of harmony, we examine it in the tradition rather than in one or two philosophers. Although harmony has been a prominent theme in Confucianism, and the Chinese government has recently made social harmony a key mark of its political platform, serious study of this concept has been sporadic, particularly in the English-speaking circle. Given the world situation we are facing today, it is high time for us to carefully study this Confucian ideal and explore its implications for our age.
Cross-talk between miRNA and Notch signaling pathways in tumor development and progression

Notch signaling pathways are known to regulate many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, and is one of the most important signaling pathway during normal development. Recently, emerging evidences suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) can function as key regulators of various biological and pathologic processes during tumor development and progression. Notch signaling has also been reported to be regulated through cross-talk with many pathways and factors where miRNAs appears to play a major role. This article will provide a brief overview of the published evidences for the cross-talks between Notch and miRNAs. Further, we summarize how targeting miRNAs by natural agents could become a novel and safer approach for the prevention of tumor progression and treatment.
Life History of a Fossorial Lizard, Neoseps reynoldsi

Abstract I evaluated the life history of Florida Sand Skinks (Neoseps reynoldsi), fossorial lizards endemic to central Florida. Based on museum specimens, literature records, and field captures, sand skinks have a single mating period each year, lasting from February through May. Females produce a single clutch each year between May and June, although some reproduce biennially or less frequently. Mean clutch size from counts of enlarged follicles and eggs was 2.2 (range two to three; if only oviducal eggs are counted, clutch size was two). Mark-recapture data indicate that sand skinks do not reproduce before 19–23 months of age and that sand skinks can live to at least eight to 10 years of age. The suite of life-history traits shown by sand skinks (low frequency of reproduction, small clutch size, late maturity, and long lifespan) is similar to those of other fossorial lizards.
Discipline Practices Among Biological and Foster Parents

In a sample of 124 parents (62 pairs of biological and foster parents) of children who were maltreated (M age = 6.2 years), this study compared self-reports of discipline practices between biological and foster parents toward a target child and explored the role of child, parent, and foster care ecology factors on discipline practices. Controlling for parental age, psychological distress, and marital status, biological and foster parents reported using similar levels of positive, appropriate, and harsh discipline. For biological and foster parents, child characteristics (being female, younger, and having more conduct problems) were associated with parental self-reports of less effective discipline. The study also found a positive association between parent-to-parent cooperation and effective discipline. These findings suggest that parenting interventions may need to move beyond simple presumption of deficits in parenting knowledge, and that children could benefit from enhancement of supportive relationships between biological and foster parents involved in the foster care system.
Imogolite as a material for fabrication of inorganic membranes

Imogolite is a structurally microporous tubular clay comprising one-dimensional pore channels that are 0.8--1.2 nm in diameter, depending on composition. The microporous structure of natural and synthetic imogolite has been investigated by nitrogen adsorption as a function of outgassing temperature. A significant increase in adsorption at low relative pressure (P/P[sub o] [approximately] 10[sup [minus]6]) after 275[degrees]C outgassing reflects a high concentration and narrow distribution of 0.8--0.9 nm diameter pores (i.e., the imogolite tubes) and supports the potential use of imogolite in inorganic membrane applications.
Expression of transforming growth factor‐β in developing rat cerebral cortex: Effects of prenatal exposure to ethanol

The effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on the spatiotemporal expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) and its receptors in developing rat cerebral cortex in vivo were examined. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were fed ad libitum with a diet containing ethanol from gestational day (G) 6 through G21 or were pair fed an isocaloric nonalcoholic liquid diet. A quantitative immunoblotting study showed that expression of TGFbeta ligands was differentially affected by ethanol; ethanol decreased TGFbeta1 expression fetally and in the mature cortex and increased TGFbeta2 at most ages. A complementary immunohistochemical experiment generated similar results so far as the timing of ligand expression was concerned. In both control and ethanol-treated rats, TGFbeta1 was expressed by cells in the two neocortical proliferative zones and neurons in the cortical plate. TGFbeta2 was expressed principally by radial glia and astrocytes in developing rats. In the adult, both ligands were expressed by glia and neurons. Ethanol virtually eliminated the TGFbeta1 expression in the perinatal subventricular zone. The TGFbeta2-positive radial glial labeling was transient and was lost earlier in ethanol-treated neonates than in controls. Concomitantly, the appearance of TGFbeta2-positive glia occurred earlier in the ethanol-treated rats. The expression of only one receptor (TGFbetaIr) was affected by ethanol; it was increased during the pre- and early postnatal periods. TGFbetaIr was expressed by glia perinatally and by all cell types in weanlings. As with TGFbeta2, ethanol exposure promoted the loss of TGFbetaIr expression in radial glia and the precocious expression among astrocytes. TGFbetaIIr was expressed primarily by neurons. Thus, TGFbeta ligands and receptors are strategically placed both in time and space to regulate cell proliferation and migration. Ethanol, which affects both of these processes, has marked effects on the TGFbeta system and apparently promotes the early transformation of radial glia into astrocytes.
Optical central clock distribution for MIMO-enabled, millimeter wave wireless interconnects

We propose a novel optical clock distribution scheme for MIMO-enhanced wireless interconnects. Low-power, error-free, multi-gigabit wireless transmission has been demonstrated by employing centrally distributed optical clock.
Governing through meth: Local politics, drug control and the drift toward securitization

The enduring social anxieties surrounding the illicit drug, methamphetamine (meth), offer a useful lens to view processes of criminalization and control as they unfold outside major population centers. Focusing on one year and an anti-meth legislative campaign, this paper maps the problematization of meth in the unique context of the rural Midwestern United States. Relying primarily on news media accounts, it illustrates various political and cultural currents constituting what is described as the "illicit methamphetamine industry." The paper illustrates how, by overstating realities of use, politicizing official statistics and reframing key events, authorities discursively link meth control to the wars on drugs and terror and broader securitization projects. The paper concludes with a theoretical discussion of how control of one drug, in one state, fundamentally alters everyday life--even in small towns of the rural Midwest. Language: en
Effects of Role Dominance on Trait and Situation Attributions

Summary Effects of role dominance (the proportion of encounters in which an actor is seen in a single role) on the fundamental attribution error were investigated. American college students made trait or situation attributions for self and four others in two studies. As hypothesized, Study 1 (N = 75) produced more trait attributions in a single-role than either a no-role or multiple-role context, to others relative to self, and to high relative to low role-dominated others. Study 2 (N = 35) replicated the no-role condition of Study 1 with an improved response scale and revealed a significant correlation between a direct measure of role dominance and trait or situation attributions. It was concluded that, in part, the frequent use of traits to describe others may be the result of observing them in a particular role during a high proportion of interpersonal encounters: role dominance may cause role-induced characteristics to be identified as enduring personality dispositions.
Presbyterian Attitudes Toward Slavery

Although for two and a half centuries of our American history slavery was a legal institution and for much of that time a significant factor in our life and although throughout that long period there were opponents to it, moral and religious opposition was not strong until a late date. Much of the opposition in the colonial period was from an economic point of view: the returns would not justify the institution; the initial cost of the slaves was great; their labor was unwillingly given; the system promoted the idleness of the rich and robbed the poor of opportunity and prevented the immigration of industrious laborers. Benjamin Franklin thought that slavery retarded population and industry, and Dr. Benjamin Rush observed that small farms with free labor returned greater profits than slave economy. Here there was no question as to whether slavery was morally right or wrong, only “did it pay?” There was also, in this early period, opposition to slavery from a political point of view in that security was endangered. But in all the thirteen colonies slavery existed and everywhere respectable people owned slaves and clergymen of the major churches, if they had the price, owned them as well dressed clergymen today own automobiles. Here and there a lone voice was raised in opposition on moral or religious grounds, but only the Quakers, as a religious group, made slave-keeping a bar to fellowship. John Woolman, their anti-slavery apostle, made it his life work to go about the country and argue against slavery, because it was contrary to Christianity and because “liberty was the right of all men equally.”
The Naturalistic Paradigm Studying Small Groups in the Postmodern Era

This article advocates the need to balance group research by rejecting the dominant paradigm that drives research-positivism--and adopting an alternative paradigm-the naturalistic paradigm. After critiquing positivistic group research, the philosophical assumptions and methodological practices of the naturalistic paradigm as they apply to small group research-the research setting, type of natural group, research foci, methodological procedures, and researchers' relationship with members of natural groups-are described. The author 's research program on creating and sustaining community in an AIDS residential facility is used to illustrate the conduct of naturalistic group research and the rich insights that can be obtained about group process. The article concludes that the naturalistic paradigm and its practices potentially can infuse group research with a renewed sense of purpose and urgency.
The Regenerator Principle in the Stirling and Ericsson Hot Air Engines

During the first half of the nineteenth century the Stirling brothers and John Ericsson made significant attempts to design hot air engines which could provide an economical alternative to high-pressure steam. They believed that it would be possible to gain fuel efficiencies superior to those obtained with steam by employing a heat exchanger within the air engine cycle, erroneously supposing that such a heat exchanger could eliminate the large loss of heat incurred in the condenser of the steam engine. The Stirling brothers called their heat exchanger an economizer because it prevented the waste of heat, but Ericsson coined the term regenerator because he imagined that the power of the heat (caloric) could actually be regenerated, i.e. re-used in the engine to generate mechanical work. Ericsson's term became commonly accepted, so that Stirling's economizer is now also referred to as a generator. These attempts to attain high horsepower outputs with hot air engines were abandoned after the dramatic failure of Ericsson's notorious paddle steamer in the early 1850s. Further ventures were aimed at the more limited goal of low horsepowers and generally ignored the regenerator principle.
Properties of synthetic optimization problems

We present an approach for measuring certain properties of synthetic optimization problems based on the assumed distribution of coefficient values. We show how to estimate the proportion of all possible solutions that are feasible for the 0-1 Knapsack Problem. We calculate the population variance of the possible solution values and assess the impact of objective constraint correlation on the variability of feasible solution values. We also show how inter-constraint correlation affects the proportion of feasible solutions in the 2-dimensional Knapsack Problem. Finally, we discuss the significance of our findings for designers of computational experiments.
Film Cooling With Compound Angle Holes: Heat Transfer

Heat transfer coefficients have been measured for film cooling injection from a single row of holes laterally directed with a compound angle of 60 deg. Two hole configurations were tested, round holes and holes with a diffusing expansion at the exit. Streamwise-directed round holes were also tested as a basis for comparison. All the holes were inclined at 35 deg with respect to the surface. The density ratio was 1.0, momentum flux ratios ranged from I = 0.16 to 3.9, and mass flux ratios ranged from M = 0.4 to 2.0. Results are presented in terms of h{sub f}/h{sub 0}, the ratio of film cooling heat transfer coefficient to the heat transfer coefficient for the undisturbed turbulent boundary layer at the same location. Results indicate that for the streamwise directed holes, the heat transfer rates are close to the levels that exist without injection. Similarly, at low momentum flux ratio, holes with a large compound angle had little effect on heat transfer rates. However, at high momentum flux ratios, holes with a large compound angle had significantly increased heat transfer levels. The results were combined with adiabatic effectiveness results to evaluate the overall performance of the three geometries. It ismore » shown that for evaluation of film cooling performance with compound angle injection, especially at high momentum flux ratios, it is critical to know the heat transfer coefficient, as the adiabatic effectiveness alone does not determine the performance. Compound angle injection at high momentum flux ratios gives higher effectiveness values than streamwise-directed holes, but the higher heat transfer levels result in poorer overall performance.« less
Re-thinking “Music” in the Context of Education

Since the middle decades of the twentieth century, scholars have questioned traditional assumptions about the nature of music and musical meaning. This scholarship was conducted in various disciplines such as philosophy, anthropology, musicology, ethnomusicology, and cultural studies. Its collective findings broadened the lens through which we view music and deepened the understanding about the function of music as a human endeavor and as a sociocultural phenomenon. Beginning with the writings of Charles Seeger on music and culture (see McCarthy 1995), the inquiry was further developed by music scholars such as Alan Merriam, Christopher Small, and John Shepherd. It finally entered the discourse of music educators in the late 1970s and 1980s, beginning with the writings of Barbara Reeder Lindquist, Thomas Regelski, and Patricia Shehan Campbell, and culminating more recently in a praxial approach to music education that is advocated by numerous scholars, including Wayne Bowman (1998,2005), David Elliott (1995,2005, Estelle Jorgensen (1997,2003), and Thomas Regelski (2004).
Symptomatic esophageal hiatus sliding hernia. Clinical, radiologic, and endoscopic study of 100 cases.

1. The clinical, endoscopic, and radiologic findings in 100 patients with symptomatic sliding esophageal hiatus hernia have been presented and correlated.
Application of GUITAR on the Negative Electrode of the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery: Improved V3+/2+ Heterogeneous Electron Transfer with Reduced Hydrogen Gassing

GUITAR (Graphene from the University of Idaho Thermolyzed Asphalt Reaction) has the classical basal and edge plane morphology of graphites and thin layer graphenes with similar X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman and IR characteristics. However previous investigations indicated GUITAR is different electrochemically from graphenes and classical graphites. GUITAR has faster heterogeneous electron transfer across its basal plane and an electrochemical window that exceeds graphitic materials by 1 V. These beneficial properties are examined for application in the negative electrode of the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). Graphitic materials in this application suffer from hydrogen gassing and slow electron transfer kinetics for the V2+/3+ redox couple. Cyclic voltammetry of the V2+/3+ redox couple (0.05 M V3+ in 1 M H2SO4) on bare KFD graphite felt gives an estimated standard rate constant (k0) of 8.2 × 10−7 cm/s. The GUITAR-coated KFD graphite felt improves that quantity to 8.6 × 10−6 cm/s. The total contribution of the cyclic voltammetric currents at −1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl to hydrogen evolution is 3% on GUITAR-coated KFD graphite felt. On bare KFD graphite felt, this is 22%. These results establish GUITAR as an excellent alternative material for the negative electrode in the vanadium redox flow battery.
FRACTURE ANALYSIS OF SF_6 BREAKER SWITCHING BRACKET

SF6 breaker was fractured during short period operation by means of maro-micero fracture analysis,hardness testing,stress analysis and process analysis,the problem was solved which caused by three factors: abnormal heat-treatment,abnormal microstructure and large impact loading.
Development of Enhanced, Permanently-Installed, Neutron Activation Diagnostic Hardware for NIF

Neutron activation diagnostics are baseline neutron yield and flux measurement instruments at the National Ignition Facility. Up to 19 activation samples are distributed around the target chamber. Currently the samples must be removed to be counted, creating a 1-2 week data turn-around time and considerable labor costs. An improved system consisting of a commercially available LaBr3(Ce) scintillator and Power over Ethernet electronics is under development. A machined zirconium-702 cap over the detector is the activation medium to measure the 90Zr(n,2n)89Zr reaction. The detectors are located at the current neutron activation diagnostic sites and monitored remotely. Because they collect data in real time yield values are returned within a few hours after a NIF shot.
Current Opinions in the Treatment of Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Mycobacterium abscessus Group, Mycobacterium avium Complex, and Mycobacterium kansasii

Treatment of pulmonary infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium kansasii involves multidrug oral therapy with a macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin), ethambutol, and a rifamycin (rifampin or rifabutin). Patients with M. kansasii rapidly respond to a regimen of intermittent (three times weekly) or daily administration of this three-drug regimen. Patients with MAC respond more slowly and often require adjustment of the multidrug regimen because of drug intolerance. The usual treatment for patients with MAC nodular disease takes 15–18 months, with a goal of 12 months of negative cultures. Recent studies support the use of a three-times weekly oral treatment regimen for patients with macrolide-susceptible nodular MAC disease. Patients with upper lobe fibro-cavitary MAC, macrolide-resistant MAC, or severe nodular bronchiectatic disease are usually treated with a daily multidrug regimen supplemented with an injectable antibiotic (amikacin or streptomycin) or, most recently, inhaled preparations of amikacin. Patients with cavitary changes and/or those with macrolide-resistant isolates are often associated with poor treatment response and may require surgical resection in addition to their drug therapy. In contrast to patients with lung disease due to MAC and M. kansasii, the presence of a functional erythromycin ribosomal methylase (erm) gene in the majority of isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus subsp. abscessus) blocks the activity of macrolides and precludes an effective oral drug regimen for most of these patients. Treatment regimens for macrolide-resistant M. abscessus require long-term intravenous access and parenteral drug combinations of amikacin, cefoxitin, imipenem, and/or tigecycline. Because of the inconvenience of dosing cefoxitin, a regimen of imipenem and amikacin may be preferred. Cure with these agents is infrequent because of the long-term toxicity and expense of these agents. Other treatment options are currently dismal. The role of newer antimicrobials such as tedizolid and bedaquiline has not been evaluated. Approximately 15 % of isolates of subsp. abscessus and all isolates of subsp. massiliense (infrequent in the USA) have a nonfunctional erm gene and are macrolide susceptible, making an oral macrolide an important treatment component and increasing the likelihood of long-term cure of the infection.
Composing with Gaia: Isabelle Stengers and the Feminist Politics of the Earth

This essay brings the work of Isabelle Stengers into the fold of feminism to propose a feminist politics of the earth that disrupts the fantasy of human exceptionalism underpinning much Anthropocene discourse. I begin by situating Stengers’s political use of Gaia theory in current debates on the Anthropocene. Next, I show how Stengers’s reworking of Gaia helps in reconsidering the relations between two bodies of feminist theory—Deleuzian feminism and Marxist ecofeminism—that are rarely brought into conversation. On this basis, I explore what a feminist politics of composition with the earth might look like.