cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Game Changer? The Impact of the Reentry Movement on Post-Prison Supervision:

Prisoner reentry has been a dominant focus of correctional policy for roughly 2 decades. The strong current of reform that underlays this policy focus means that present correctional practices and ...
How Do Narcissists Get What They Want from their Romantic Partners? The Connections that Narcissistic Admiration and Narcissistic Rivalry have with Influence Strategies

Abstract Narcissism is often associated with interpersonal difficulties. The purpose of the present studies was to examine the connections between narcissistic personality features and the strategies that individuals use to influence their romantic partners. More specifically, we were interested in the possibility that narcissistic admiration (an agentic form of narcissism) and narcissistic rivalry (an antagonistic form of narcissism) may have divergent associations with influence strategies. Study 1 examined basic associations that narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry had with the use of influence strategies in a sample of 351 undergraduates. Study 2 sought to replicate the results of Study 1 in a more diverse sample of 302 community members. Study 3 examined the associations that narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry had with influence strategies for both members of 77 romantic dyads. The results of these studies indicate that narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry often had similar positive associations with manipulation, whereas narcissistic rivalry also had positive associations with supplication, bullying, autocracy, and disengagement as well as a negative association with bargaining. Discussion will focus on the implications of these results for understanding the connections that narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry have with romantic relationship functioning.
To love or not to love, that is the question: Examining the intersection of love, care, and education:

This colloquium discusses the intersection of love, care, and education in the field of early childhood education and care. While the name of the field reflects the belief that both care and educat...
Response of Planted Sagebrush Seedlings to Cattle Grazing Applied to Decrease Fire Probability

Abstract Restoration of non-sprouting shrubs after wildfire is increasingly becoming a management priority. In the western U.S., Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young) restoration is a high priority, but sagebrush establishment from seed is sporadic. In contrast, planting seedlings often successfully restores sagebrush, but is expensive and time consuming. After planting, hence, there is a need to protect the investment from disturbances such as fire that will erase gains in sagebrush recovery. Grazing is likely the only tool that can be applied feasibly across the landscape to decrease wildfire probability, but there are concerns that grazing and associated activities (e.g. trampling) may negatively impact sagebrush seedlings. We investigated effects of grazing by cattle, applied as a fine fuel management strategy, on planted sagebrush seedlings at five blocks for five years. Grazing substantial reduced exotic annual grasses, large perennial bunchgrasses, and total herbaceous cover, thus achieving fuel management goals. Sagebrush cover and reproductive efforts were almost 2-fold greater in grazed compared to non-grazed areas in the final year of the study. This suggests that grazing favored sagebrush, a generally unpalatable shrub, recovery, likely by reducing competition from highly palatable herbaceous vegetation. Density of sagebrush, however, was similar between grazed and non-grazed areas. This research demonstrates that grazing can be strategically applied to reduce the probability of wildfire in areas with planted sagebrush seedlings; thereby, protecting the investment in sagebrush recovery. With more refinement, it also appears that grazing can be utilized to accelerate the recovery of sagebrush and potentially other woody vegetation habitat by modifying the competitive relationship between herbaceous and woody vegetation.
From Nature of Science to Social Justice: The Political Power of Epistemic Lessons

In addressing social justice I focus on the reliability of scientific claims relevant to political and moral arguments about the distribution of privilege, profit, and power. Epistemic understanding and analyses can expose false claims, illegitimate justifications and bogus expertise, as well as support findings that document or demonstrate injustice. Current approaches to nature of science in education are largely internalist, idealized and decontextualized. They do not address actual practices, potential errors, or the cultural dynamics or contemporary applications of scientific knowledge. A Whole Science approach, by contrast, embraces a fuller spectrum, including science communication, credibility, expertise, uncertainty, and conflict of interest, while still focusing on the core epistemic issue of trustworthy knowledge. It also highlights certain errors in science with cognitive roots in cultural ideology (gender, race and class biases; and the naturalizing error). A Whole Science approach conveys how a broad understanding of NOS and epistemic concerns are concretely relevant to instilling or restoring social justice.
Motivational Interviewing for Maternal Immunisation (MI4MI) study: a protocol for an implementation study of a clinician vaccine communication intervention for prenatal care settings.

Introduction Vaccination against influenza and pertussis in pregnancy offers a ‘two-for-one’ opportunity to protect mother and child. Pregnant patients have increased risk of severe disease from influenza and newborns have increased risk of severe disease from both influenza and pertussis. Obstetricians need communication tools to support their self-efficacy and effectiveness in communicating the importance of immunisation during pregnancy and ultimately improving maternal vaccination rates. Methods and analysis We describe the protocol for a pragmatic study testing the feasibility and potential impact of a clinician communication strategy on maternal vaccination uptake. This study will be conducted in five prenatal care settings in Colorado, USA. The Motivational Interviewing for Maternal Immunisation strategy involves training prenatal care providers to use motivational interviewing in the vaccine conversation with pregnant patients. Our primary outcomes will be the adoption and implementation of the intervention measured using the Enhanced RE-AIM/Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model for dissemination and implementation. Secondary outcomes will include provider time spent, fidelity to Motivational Interviewing and self-efficacy measured through audio recorded visits and provider surveys, patients’ visit experience based on audio recorded visits and follow-up interviews, and maternal vaccine uptake as measured through chart reviews. Ethics and dissemination This study is approved by the following institutional review boards: Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed manuscripts and conference presentations. Trial registration number NCT04302675.
The Influence of an Academic Pharmacy Mentorship Program on Mentees' Commitment to Pursue an Academic Career.

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) Walmart Scholars Program on mentees’ attitudes towards and decision to pursue a career in academia. Upon completion of the AACP Walmart* Scholars Program, wherein mentor-mentee pairs attend the AACP Annual Meeting to learn about academic pharmacy careers, mentees wrote essays evaluating the program. Their views on academic pharmacy careers were analyzed for themes in the evaluations. Of the mentees who addressed the impact of the program on their perspectives on a career in academic pharmacy, over half stated the program positively influenced pursuit of such a career. This reinforces the importance of mentorship for those interested in or new to academic pharmacy.
Friction measurements of model saliva-wine solutions between polydimethylsiloxane surfaces

Abstract Wine can have a complex sensory profile and one important characteristic of the mouth feel in red wines is astringency, or a drying sensation felt when drinking. Evaluation of wine astringency or mouth feel has typically been done qualitatively by trained sensory panels. In this work, the friction of model saliva and wine mixtures was directly measured using the surface force apparatus (SFA). To mimic the tongue/palate, thin films of roughened polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were the sliding surfaces. The studies used well-defined model solutions of saliva and wine with low and high tannin concentrations to focus specifically on the effect of tannin/proline-rich protein complexes on friction. Turbidity increased with tannin concentration, and higher friction forces were measured with increasing tannin concentration, also connecting turbidity to friction. Importantly, higher friction was shown to directly correlate with the amount of saliva-wine complexes confined between the sliding surfaces, increasing by about 50% from low tannin (0.2 g/L) to high tannin (1 g/L) model wine. These measurements demonstrate that adsorption of tannin/proline-rich protein complexes on model tongue/palate surfaces reduce lubricity, increase friction, and should correlate with astringency perception.
Work Harder: Diligent Rebalancing and Investment Horizon

In an age of constant information flow, investors have to strike the right balance between incorporating incremental information into a portfolio and managing turnover before the end of the investment horizon. Using a tractable yet realistic model of asset and signal dynamics, the authors provide analytical rigor to justify the optimality of the common practice of updating investment views and portfolio positions as new information arrives. In analyzing different approaches to rebalancing, their results indicate that regularly updating the conditional information set achieves a higher information ratio than either waiting to rebalance until after the investment horizon is reached or using regular rebalancing based on a moving average of the past information set. The authors provide guidance on turnover management in conjunction with the information horizon of the signal. TOPICS:Portfolio management/multi-asset allocation, portfolio construction, quantitative methods, statistical methods, performance measurement Key Findings ▪ Information quality decays according to the investment horizon of the signal. ▪ Diligent updates of information and rebalancing achieve the highest information ratio. ▪ Turnover and marginal improvement in the information ratio can be balanced.
Experienced, Anticipated, and Vicarious Discrimination: Consequences and Resilience for Minority Adolescents’ School Engagement:

Racial discrimination presents challenges for children of color, particularly with regard to their schooling. Experiences of rejection and unfairness because of one’s race can prompt students to di...
Corporate Cruelty: Holding Factory Farms Accountable for Animal Cruelty Crimes to Encourage Systemic Reform

Animal cruelty within industrialized animal agriculture, or factory farms, is a major concern of the animal protection movement. Two types of animal cruelty exist in factory farms: systemic and egregious cruelty. Systemic cruelty refers to day-to-day operations of factory farms which expose farm animals to the most constant and prolonged suffering. Egregious cruelty refers to specific acts of violence to animals by farm workers. While systemic cruelty is the top priority of animal advocates, only criminal prosecution of egregious cruelty has gained traction. This Note proposes that animal advocates, through the criminal justice system, should seek to apply the doctrine of corporate criminal liability to egregious anti-cruelty cases. Doing so would address the factory farming system itself, deter the corporation form allowing similar conduct to continue, incentivize the corporation to make systemic reforms to avoid liability, and address controversial prosecutions of factory farm workers. Anti-cruelty violations of workers can satisfy the elements of the legal doctrine for corporate criminal liability. Due to the nature of their day-to-day work, factory farm workers, when they commit acts of egregious cruelty, are employees of the factory farm corporation, working within the scope of their employment, and to the benefit of the corporation. The mens rea element required for criminal corporate liability can be satisfied by imputing the workers’ knowledge or intent to the corporation. Animal advocates can take advantage of the ability to prosecute egregious anti-cruelty cases arising from factory farms through corporate liability to better impact systemic cruelty reform.
High Performance Concentration: Applying Principles of Sports Psychology To The Hospitality Industry

In a relatively recent development, psychology is being driven by the competitive nature of sports. Attempting to enhance the performance of athletes, psychologists are applying principles of attentional control, looking at the ways athletes concentrate, whether broad or narrow, internal or external in focus. Relationships between performance and attentional style have been established. This paper discusses these principles and their application to the hospitality industry where high performance is also a key ingredient to success.
Probabilistic algorithms in group theory

A finite group G is commonly presented by a set of elements which generate G. We argue that for algorithmic purposes a considerably better presentation for a fixed group G is given by random generator set for G: a set of random elements which generate G. We bound the expected number of random elements requied to generate a given group G.
Effects of dietary menhaden oil on mucosal adaptation after small bowel resection in rats

Background/Aims: Adaptive hyperplasia of the small intestine is important in the outcome of short bowel syndrome. Previous studies have shown that long-chain fats stimulate this process. In the present study, the trophic effects of dietary menhaden oil, a highly unsaturated fat source, on mucosal adaptation following small bowel resection in rats was evaluated. Methods: Thirty weanling Sprague-Dawley rats and their controls were fed diets containing fats provided primarily as menhaden oil, safflower oil, or beef tallow. After 4 weeks, animals underwent a 70% jejunoileal resection. Mucosal mass, DNA, protein, and sucrase levels were assessed 14 days after a 70% jejunoileal resection or control feeding. Serum fatty acid composition and several gastrointestinal hormone levels were measured. Results: Resected animals fed menhaden oil showed a marked increase in mucosal weight, DNA, and protein levels compared with rats fed the other fat sources. Enteroglucagon level was increased in all resected groups, but least increased in the menhaden-fed animals. In contrast, peptide YY concentrations were most increased in animals fed menhaden oil. Conclusions: Menhaden oil appears more effective in inducing intestinal adaptation than less highly unsaturated fats. Analysis of gastrointestinal hormones revealed no clear-cut explanation for this finding, other than a modest but associated increase in peptide YY levels.
Deoxyribonucleotide synthesis and the role of vitamin B12 in erythropoiesis.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the current knowledge of the several pathways of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis in bacteria and animal cells other than bone marrow and discusses the available evidence bearing on the pathway in human bone marrow. Current knowledge of the pathways of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis has been derived mainly from studies in two strains of bacteria—Escherichia coli, species lacking a nutritional requirement for vitamin B12 and Lactobacillus leichmannii, a nutritional vitamin B12 auxotroph. The system from E. coli utilizes ribonucleoside diphosphates as substrates; and L. leichmannii reduces ribonucleoside triphosphates. The more striking difference between the two enzyme systems is the fact that the enzyme from L. leichmannii, but not that from E. coli, has an absolute requirement for the vitamin B12 coenzyme, 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl 5′-deoxyadenosine cobamide (DBCC). The ribonucleotide reductases from Novikoff hepatoma cells and E. coli have some properties in common that distinguish them from the corresponding enzyme of L. leichmannii, including (1) the preferred substrate is a ribonucleoside diphosphate, (2) no requirement for a cobamide coenzyme has been demonstrated, (3) an absolute requirement for Mg++, and (4) similar patterns of allosteric effects, among which is an inhibitory effect of deoxyadenosine triphosphate on the reductions of all four ribonucleotides.
Neutron Radiography Facilities at Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque (SNLA)

Previously existing neutron radiographic techniques at SNLA proved inadequate to resolve individual component layers within a thermal battery cell stack. This paper describes the investigation that was successfully conducted to improve the technique and achieve the necessary resolution.
The Three Estates and Other Mediaeval Trinities

The notion of Three Estates is familiar to most readers of mediaeval literature and to most serious readers of the criticism devoted to this literature; it refers to a tripartite model of society w...
CHARACTERIZING SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS BY PRODUCTIVITY AND MORTALITY RATES IN MULTISPECIES MODELS

The temporal change in species composition is one dimension that may be used to characterize ecosystems. Multispecies interactions and species abundance (or biomass) distributions can be analyzed by an N-species Lotka–Volterra (LV) system of equations. We derive a statistical approximation to the stationary probability distribution of relative species biomass for a system of interacting species. The distribution is parameterized by the mean and variance of the LV species interaction coefficients and can exhibit a variety of shapes. Given this distribution, one can describe the state of the system, and subsequent perturbations within the system, in terms of shifts in the resulting stable distribution. Theoretical distributions with known properties were compared to distributions estimated from simulations and good agreement was found. Our analytical result could be used to develop “ecosystem indicators” for describing changes in the state of species within an ecosystem.
A Kalman filtering approach to wideband scattering function estimation and tracking

Transmitted signal with high time bandwidth products tend to resolve multiple reflecting structural elements or highlights on the body that is being illuminated. This paper develops a Kalman filtering approach for estimating the position and velocity of the multiple highlights on a single body undergoing complex motions. An algorithm which tracks peak locations within the spreading function is derived via an extended or linearized Kalman filter. The ability of the Kalman filter to track kinematic properties of a multihighlight scatterer is related to the transmitted signal's mean squared duration, and time-frequency content through the Cramer-Rao lower bound on estimation errors for time scale and delay.
Displacement chromatography on cyclodextrin-silicas : II. Separation of cis-trans isomers in the reversed-phase mode on α-cyclodextrin-silica

Abstract The feasibility of preparative separations of cis-trans isomers by displacement chromatography on analytical-scale α-cyclodextrin-silica columns operated in the reversed-phase mode is demonstrated by using the isomers of 3-hexen-1-ol as model substrates and n -alkanols as displacers. The importance of matching the size of the cyclodextrin cavity and the solutes is shown. The crucial role of the displacer (both type and concentration) in the success of the displacement chromatographic separation is demonstrated.
Absolute cross section for C 2 + ( 2 s 2 p P o 3 → 2 p 2 P 3 ) electron-impact excitation

We have measured the absolute energy-averaged cross section for the electron impact excitation of ${\mathrm{C}}^{2+}(2s2p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{3}P^{o}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{p}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{3}P)$ from energies below threshold to $17\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ above, and present the measured absolute rate coefficients for this transition, for temperatures from ${10}^{4}$ to ${10}^{5}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. These rate coefficients are required for diagnostics of plasmas such as those found in astrophysical environments. The synchronous photon detection method with beams modulation and inclined electron and ion beams was used. Radiation at $117.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ from the decay of the excited ions back to the metastable state was detected using an absolutely calibrated optical system. The fractional population of metastable ${\mathrm{C}}^{2+}(2s2p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{3}P^{o})$ in the incident ion beam was determined to be $0.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03(1.65\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\sigma})$. The rate coefficient for ${\mathrm{log}}_{10}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}=4.8$ was determined to be $1.01\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}14%$ at a 90% confidence $(1.65\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\sigma})$ level. The measured cross section is in agreement within experimental uncertainty with 6-term close-coupling $R$-matrix calculations and 90-term $R$ matrix with pseudostates calculations.
Single molecule views of Nature's nano-machines

Professor Taekjip Ha received a B.S. in physics from Seoul National University in Korea and an M.A. and Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley. He is Associate Professor of Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He was awarded an Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship, an NSF CAREER Award, a Cottrell Scholars Award, and a Searle Scholars Award. He also received the Fluorescence Young Investigator Award of the Biophysical Society. In 2005, he was named a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. At the most fundamental level, virtually all biological reactions occur between individual biomolecules. Recent developments in new physical approaches, namely single-molecule imaging and manipulations, began to provide us with previously unattainable data that deepen our understanding of molecular mechanisms and help formulate new paradigms. Basic understanding will ultimately guide us in controlling serious human diseases and lead to the construction of man-made nano-machines via ‘reverse engineering’ of what Nature has optimized over billions of years. Several different approaches in developing and using single molecule fluorescence imaging technologies to probe fundamental questions in biology will be discussed. Single Molecule Views of Nature's Nano-Machines
The Rapid Tearing of a Half Plane

The surface of an elastic half space is subjected to sudden antiplane mechanical disturbances. Crack initiation and subsequent crack instability are examined via two idealized problems; the first is concerned with instantaneous crack bifurcation and the second with instantaneous skew crack propagation. In either problem, crack propagation occurs at a constant subsonic velocity under an angle κπ with the normal to the surface. For the externally applied disturbances that are considered here, and for contstant crack-tip velocities, the particle velocity and τθz are functions of r/t and θ only, which allows Chaplygin’s transformation and conformal mapping to be used. The problems can then be solved using analytic function theory. For various values of the angle of crack propagation, the dependence of the elastodynamic stress intensity factors on the crack propagation velocity is investigated. For certain specific geometries, fully analytical solutions are derived to provide check cases.
The collateral effect of compliance training on aggression

This study represents a report on unexpected positive collateral benefits in the reduction of aggression. The treatment, for compliance across three classes of requests, resulted in the spontaneous reduction in non-targeted aggressive behavior across settings and time. An institutionalized adult male who was severely retarded and chronically aggressive served as the subject. Archival investigator- and facility staff-generated reports of aggressive episodes, based upon an operational definition in use for over a year at the time of the study, were used as dependent measures. A withdrawal design was used to demonstrate the collateral treatment effects upon aggression. The subject received positive treatment for his noncompliance within a multiple baseline across behavior classes design. Fifteen requests were presented to the subject in random order during each treatment session, compliant behavior was reinforced using praise and physical contact. Results of the compliance training showed immediate and marked increases in compliance with a collateral decrease in the incidents of aggression. While aggression increased during the nonintervention follow-up phase of the study, it remained significantly lower than baseline levels.
SELF-NARCISSISM AND INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION TO NARCISSISTIC OTHERS

In the first of a two-part study, 172 participants completed a questionnaire on personality and career preferences. Items from the Narcissism Scale of the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory were embedded in this questionnaire as well as a series of bogus items. In the second session conducted three weeks later, participants watched a videotaped dramatization of either a male or female enacting a narcissistic role and completed a modified version of the First Impressions Questionnaire and an item assessing mood. The narcissism scores of participants obtained during Part 1 were paired with their respective ratings of the target person on the modified-First Impressions Questionnaire and mood. Contrary to predictions participants' scores on narcissism did not affect their first impressions of persons enacting a narcissistic role. Participants who viewed the male role player rated him as less attractive than those who watched the female, while participants who watched the female target reported greater negative mood scores than those who watched the male target.
Olive oil enriched diets decreases arachidonic acid without affecting prostaglandin synthesis in mouse lung and spleen

Abstract The effects of a diet enriched in olive oil on fatty acid composition and prostaglandin synthesis in mouse lung and spleen was determined and compared with the animals on the diets supplemented with lard. The animals on the olive oil enriched diet contained enhanced levels of oleic acid (18:1 n-9) in the phospholipid classes of lung and spleen. This reciprocally replaced arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) from the phospholipids. Prostaglandin synthesis in lung and spleen of mice on olive oil enriched diet were comparable to those obtained in animals on a diet enriched in lard. The studies demonstrated that 18:1 n-9 from olive oil diet can displace 20:4 n-6 from membrane lipids but does not affect prostaglandin synthesis by lung or spleen tissue.
Underfunded pension plans: Is more debt the answer?

Underfunded pension plans are a big problem. S&P 500 companies alone have a whopping pension deficit of $239 billion. Now one company, General Motors, is issuing debt to cover the gap. But should other companies do the same thing? Should you? © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the equivalence of D and G-optimal designs in heteroscedastic models

Abstract Conditions are derived for the Kiefer-Wolfowitz's theorem (KWT) to apply to linear models with heteroscedastic errors. It is shown that both D- and G-optimal designs remain equivalent only under very stringent conditions. Examples are constructed and their efficiencies are compared when they are not equivalent. For the simple linear regression model with a symmetric efficiency function, a relationship between the efficiencies of the optimal designs and the support points of the D-optimal design is noted.
Quality of life following amputation or limb preservation in patients with lower extremity bone sarcoma

PURPOSE: Although functional differences have been described between patients with lower extremity bone sarcoma with amputation and limb preservation surgery, differences have not clearly been shown between the two groups related to quality of life. The aim of the study was to determine if there is a difference in overall quality of life in lower extremity bone sarcoma survivors related to whether they had an amputation or a limb preservation procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-two long-term survivors of lower extremity bone sarcoma were studied to make a comparison of the overall quality of life, pain assessment and psychological evaluations in limb preservation and amputation patients. Forty-eight patients with limb preservation and thirty-four patients with amputations were enrolled in the study. Validated psychometric measures including the Quality of Life Questionnaire, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and visual analog scales were utilized. RESULTS: The overall quality of life of patients with limb preservation was significantly higher than patients with amputation (p-value < 0.01). Significant differences were noted in the categories of material well being, job satisfiers and occupational relations. CONCLUSION: The overall quality of life of patients with limb preservation appears to be better than for those patients with amputation based on the quality of life questionnaire in patients surviving lower extremity bone sarcoma. Further analysis needs to verify the results and focus on the categories that significantly affect the overall quality of life.
Discursive empathy: A new foundation for therapeutic practice

ABSTRACT This article represents a poststructuralist critique and review of the role of empathy in the therapeutic relationship. Incorporating Foucauldian contributions, we seek to expand upon the largely liberal-humanistic descriptions about the nature of empathy, which in our view fail to acknowledge fully the impact of culture in the therapy arena. In focusing our attention on re-examining the nature and role of empathy in counselling practice, we explicitly show how the poststructural conceptual tools of discourse, positioning, and deconstruction promote greater movement toward a reconceptualisation of empathy that fully appreciates the extent to which our clients’ experiences are necessarily a sociocultural production. In addition, it is proposed that further application of the poststructuralist approach will highlight the potency of this metaphor for understanding the discursive production of problems and for connecting and empathising with clients in a way that is reflexive, respectful, and sociall...
Predictors of Teacher Satisfaction with Online Professional Development: Evidence from the USA's e-Learning for Educators Initiative.

Online professional development (OPD) is proliferating in an effort to eliminate barriers to high‐quality in‐service teacher training. Using the Internet as a vehicle for continuing professional development, however, introduces new concerns largely absent in its face‐to‐face counterpart. For example, evidence from the USA’s e‐Learning for Educators (EfE) initiative suggests that some OPD participants do not complete the online courses in which they enrol. In response to this evidence, the present study (N = 3998) investigates factors associated with teacher satisfaction with OPD via secondary analysis of EfE evaluation data. After considering participant variables, factors examined previously in the e‐learning and professional development satisfaction literatures as well as novel predictors, a blockwise ordinary least squares regression model explains a considerably large share of the variance in participants’ satisfaction with OPD (48.1%). Implications for the design and implementation of OPD and the tra...
Altimeter Measurements of Wind and Wave Modulation by the Kuroshio in the Yellow and East China Seas

The Kuroshio is the major ocean current conveying heat and water mass in the Pacific Ocean. The impact of the Kuroshio on regional wind and wave distributions has been studied with spaceborne-altimeter measurements in the Yellow and East China Seas. In this region the Kuroshio trajectory is relatively stationary and the monsoon patterns dominate, making it an ideal natural laboratory for large scale air-sea-current interaction research. Major findings from this study include: (a) The Kuroshio exerts significant influence on the wind and wave distributions over a swath about 800-km wide along its path. (b) Seasonal average wind speeds reach a maximum near the Kuroshio axis. The magnitude of enhancement ranges between 20 and 50 percent. (c) The distribution of the surface wave heights displays similar spatial patterns to the wind-speed distribution. The Kuroshio effects on wave heights are further complicated by the hydrodynamic modulation of wave-current interaction and the influence of thermal stratification on wind-wave generation. (d) Kuroshio effects are most prominent in the first and last quarters of the year, and least prominent in the third quarter.
Issues in Dietary Assessment at the Community Level: A Case Study of Hispanics in Yakima, Washington

ABSTRACTResources to collect unique dietary assessment data in a community are often not available. Nutritionists must therefore depend on sources of data from populations similar to the local population of interest to guide local public health planning. Sources may include national data and data from community agencies and programs. The major factors to consider in selecting appropriate data sets for needs assessments are discussed, with an example dietary dataset from a Mexican American community. Available data on Mexican Americans nationwide point to a risk of obesity and to the importance of analyzing fat intakes. The community-based (“local”) data and other datasets on Mexican Americans, including national data, were therefore compared and contrasted using intakes of total and saturated fat, cholesterol and fiber, and overall dietary quality. Similarities between datasets included the use of some traditional Mexican foods, high levels of intakes of some protective nutrients, underconsumption of some...
You Want to Do What? My Mother’s Choice to Have Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing

As a genetic counselor, I had mixed opinions when my mother told me of her intent to undergo genomewide, SNP-based direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing. I cautioned her that results could be misleading, could increase anxiety and were often of limited clinical validity or utility. I warned of the possibility of learning unintended health information and expressed concerns about how the information might be used by a private company. I told her about the variability in results among companies. Yet, she persisted in her desire, reminding me that she was an informed consumer. After reviewing her goals and understanding of the information she might receive, she elected to proceed. Despite my insistence that I would not be her personal genetic counselor, when the results came back, I found myself immersed in her genetic data. In this manuscript, I will examine how this personal experience challenged my perceptions of DTC testing.
ANGULAR CORRELATION OF ANNIHILATION RADIATION IN VARIOUS SUBSTANCES

The angular correlations of gamma-ray pairs arising from positron annihilation in various solids have been observed. With good resolution measurements of these angular distributions have been made for a wide variety of metallic elements, several ionic salts, several insulators, and a semiconductor. Some of the results from metals are accountable in terms of the Fermi-gas model of conduction electrons and the assumption of thermalized positrons. Many metals exhibit angular distributions which differ significantly from the Fermi-gas type, while retaining some of its features. For the noble and transitfton metals, however, the simple treatment is completely inadequate. Some possible theoretical interpretations of these distributions will be indicated. Measurements made on a group of alkali halides indicate the dominance of the halogen in determining the angular distribution the width of which increases regularly with the chemical activity. The possibility of using positrons to study Pd--H alloys has been investigated. A measurement of positron mobility in diamond yielded a null result, within the accuracy of the experiment. (auth)
Dynamic behavior comparison of passive hydraulic engine mounts. Part 2: Finite element analysis

This paper investigates the applicability of nonlinear finite elements to the difficult task of parameter identification of the structural behavior of passive hydraulic engine mounts. By using hyperelastic constitutive relationships the incompressible nature of the rubber materials that make up the bulk of the engine mount are accurately described and the results of such analysis are used directly in previously developed lumped parameter models to fully describe the dynamic behavior of two distinct hydraulic engine mounts.
The molecular structure of 1-methyl-1-silabicyclo[2.2.2]octatriene as determined by gas phase electron diffraction

Abstract The molecular structure of 1-methyl-1-silabicyclo[2.2.2]octatriene has been determined by gas phase electron diffraction. The molecule was found to exhibit a great deal of angular distortion at the silicon bridgehead while the valence angles at the carbon bridgehead appear to be relatively normal. The observed valence angles at the carbon bridgehead, ∠CCC (119.4(0.7)°) and ∠CCC (108.3(0.6)°), appear to be unaffected by the ring strain in the molecule. The angles at the silicon bridgehead, ∠CSiC (98.8(0.3)°), ∠SiCC (109.9(0.5)°), and ∠CmSiC (188.7(0.2)°), are very unusual compared with the typical sp3 and sp2 values. These distortions can be qualitatively explained in terms of the relative magnitudes of the bending force constants and in terms of hybridization on the silicon and carbon atoms involved.
Temperature dependence of low-energy positron-induced Auger-electron emission: Evidence for high surface sensitivity

We report the experimental observation of the temperature dependence of the intensity of low-energy positron-annihilation-induced Auger-electron emission spectroscopy (PAES) from Cu(100). These studies show that the mechanism for stimulating Auger electrons is found to compete with positronium (Ps) emission from a surface. The positrons that induce Auger-electron emission therefore originate from the same surface state from which Ps is thermally desorbed. Hence, PAES should have higher surface sensitivity (\ensuremath{\sim}1 \AA{}) relative to conventional methods for generating Auger-electron emission from surfaces (\ensuremath{\sim}5--10 \AA{}).
AVIRIS Scan Drive Design And Performance

The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) images the ground with an instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of 1 mrad. The IFOV is scanned 30 deg from left to right to provide the cross-track dimension of the image, while the aircraft's motion provides the along-track dimension. The scanning frequency is 12 Hz, with a scan efficiency of 70 percent. The scan mirror has an effective diameter of 5.7 in, and its positional accuracy is a small fraction of a milliradian of the nominal position-time profile. Described are the design and performance of the scan drive mechanism. Tradeoffs among various approaches are discussed, and the reasons given for the selection of the cam drive.
AP-1 and NF-κ B stimulated by carbachol in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells are differentially sensitive to inhibition by lithium

Abstract In order to identify potential actions of lithium, the primary therapeutic agent for bipolar affective disorder, on processes regulating gene expression, its effects on two transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-κ B, were measured in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The cholinergic agonist carbachol concentration-dependently stimulated AP-1 (EC 50 = 2 μM) and NF-κB (EC 50 = 14 μM). Pretreatment for 24 h with a therapeutically relevant concentration of lithium (1 mM) substantially inhibited (30-35%) carbachol-stimulation AP-1 but not NF-κ B. Inhibition of carbachol-induced AP-1 was directly related to the concentration of lithium (1-20 mM). Besides being differentially sensitive to inhibition by lithium, activation of AP-1 and NF-κB demonstrated different carbachol EC 50 concentrations, and carbachol-induced activation of AP-1, but not NF-κB, was inhibited by treating cells with Ni 2+ , which blocks receptor-mediated calcium influx. These findings demonstrate that one mechanism by which lithium can influence the expression of specific genes is through the selective modulation of signaling processes which emanate from cholinergic receptor stimulation.
The Peyer’s Patch is a Critical Immunoregulatory Site for Mucosal Tolerance in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomylelitis (EAE)

Abstract Expression of MCP-1 in the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with various neuroinflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, we found that MCP-1 was decreased in the CNS but increased in the gut following oral administration of myelin basic protein (MBP) correlating with protection from EAE. To study the trafficking and the fate of T cells during oral tolerance, MBP-specific TCR transgenic (Tg) CD4+ T cells were labeled using 5,6-carboxy-succinimidyl-fluorescein-ester (CFSE) and transferred intravenously to syngeneic B10.PL recipients before feeding with either MBP or PBS. We observed that the CFSE-labeled T cells traffic to the peripheral lymphoid tissue and the Peyer's patches (PP). The labeled T cells proliferate in vivo in both the lymph node and the PP 48 h after MBP feeding, but the cells are maintained in the PP longer than in the LN. CFSE-labeled cells in the PP have high levels of CD69 and Fas expression which is accompanied by increased apoptosis after MBP feeding. Our observations suggest that oral administration of autoantigen induces an elevation of MCP-1 in the gut, early T cell trafficking and activation in the periphery and the PP, followed by deletion of autoreactive T cells in the PP.
Laboratory Characterization of Fouled Railroad Ballast Behavior

Fouling refers to the condition of railroad ballast when voids in this unbound aggregate layer are filled with relatively finer materials or fouling agents, which commonly come from breakdown of the ballast aggregate, outside contamination such as coal dust from coal trains, or subgrade soil intrusion. Effects of different fouling agents on ballast aggregate shear strength were studied at the University of Illinois. Through the use of a large direct shear (shear box) device, the strength properties of both clean and fouled ballast samples were determined when three types of fine materials—coal dust, plastic clayey soil, and mineral filler—were added to clean ballast samples at various percentages by weight of ballast under both dry and wet [mostly optimum moisture content (OMC)] conditions. Realistic sample preparation procedures were conducted to closely simulate field-fouling scenarios. Test results showed that when the coal dust fouling percentage increased, the ballast shear strength steadily decreased. Wet fouling was found to exacerbate this trend. Results of ballast samples fouled with clay and mineral filler also showed decreasing trends in strength properties; however, coal dust was by far the worst fouling agent for its impact on track substructure and roadbed. Approximately 15% coal dust fouling by weight of ballast was statistically significant to cause considerable strength reductions. In the case of ballast fully fouled with wet coal dust at 35% OMC, the friction angles obtained were as low as the friction angle of coal dust itself.
Silicon-Nickel Compounds by Ion Implantation

Compounds of silicon and nickel have been formed by implanting silicon ions into nickel at various fluences and temperatures. Temperature during implantation is a major factor controlling implanted ion concentrations and phase developments. The ordered phase Ni3Si, which forms during implantation at 600°C, is replaced by Ni5Si2 during implantation at 400°C or below. In contrast to aluminum implantation of nickel, crystalline phases form even at high fluences (>1 × 1018 ions/cm2) and at low temperatures (<200°C) in silicon implanted nickel.
Glycogen-Storage Disease of the Myocardium with Obstruction to Left Ventricular Outflow

A case of glycogen-storage disease of the myocardium with the clinical and hemodynamic picture of left ventricular outlet obstruction was presented. The concept of muscular subaortic stenosis is discussed and the diagnostic features are reviewed. In a survey of the literature 53 cases of cardiac-type glycogen-storage disease were found. The criteria for diagnosis, sex incidence, familial occurrence, symptomatology and physical signs, and laboratory studies including roentgenograms of the chest, electrocardiogram and muscle biopsy are discussed.
Substance use histories in patients seeking treatment for controlled-release oxycodone dependence.

The characteristics of patients currently abusing controlled-release (CR) oxycodone admitted for inpatient detoxification were ascertained from medical record review of 48 inpatients with CR oxycodone dependence. Patients were categorized according to the manner in which they initially received the drug: illicitly or by prescription for legitimate medical use. Fifteen of the 48 patients (31%) initially obtained a CR oxycodone prescription legitimately for a medical condition. While none of these 15 patients had a history of prior opioid misuse, they were more likely than illicit CR oxycodone users to report prior detoxifications (P < 0.03) as well as a lower mean age of first alcohol use (legitimate = 11.7 versus illicit = 14.7, P < 0.05) and first illicit drug use (legitimate = 12.8 versus illicit = 15.8, P < 0.05). These findings suggest that a history of substance abuse is common among patients abusing CR oxycodone, including individuals for whom CR oxycodone was initially legitimately prescribed for pain.
Brownian dynamics simulations of ion atmospheres around polyalanine and B-DNA: Effects of biomolecular dielectric

We have extended an earlier Brownian dynamics simulation algorithm for simulating the structural dynamics of ions around biomolecules to accommodate dielectric inhomogeneity. The electrostatic environment of a biomolecule immersed in water was obtained by numerically solving the Poisson equation with the biomolecule treated as a low dielectric region and the solvent treated as a high dielectric region. Instead of using the mean-field type approximations of ion interactions as in the Poisson–Boltzmann model, the ions were treated explicitly by allowing them to evolve dynamically under the electrostatic field of the biomolecule. This model thus accounts for ion–ion correlations and the finite-size effects of the ions. For a 13-residue α-helical polyalanine and a 12-base-pair bp B-form DNA, we found that the choice of the dielectric constant of the biomolecule has much larger effects on the mean ionic structure around the biomolecule than on the fluctuational and dynamical properties of the ions surrounding the biomolecule. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 70: 391–402, 2003