cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A demonstration of a cross-layer cooperative routing-MAC scheme in multi-hop Ad-Hoc networks

Cooperative communication fully leverages the broadcast nature of the wireless channel and spatial diversity, thereby achieving tremendous improvements in system capacity and delay. A cross-layer implementation approach has been pursued in this demonstration, in order to confirm the viability and efficacy of cooperation at the MAC layer, in conjunction with the routing layer, in multi-hop ad-hoc networks. In the cooperative MAC protocol [1], a station would use a neighboring helper station for MAC layer forwarding, if the two-hop relaying yields to a better performance than a direct single-hop transmission. In this cross layer scheme, the DSDV routing protocol [2] defines a multihop path from the source to the destination, while the cooperative MAC scheme, eventually selects two hop forwarding for each routing layer hop, in order to boost the performance of the routing protocol. The Cooperative MAC scheme has been implemented in the MadWiFi [3] driver, while the DSDV routing protocol has been implemented in the Click modular router [4]. In the demo, a video clip is streamed from a server to a remote client, where the received video is played out in real time. The basic route is discovered by the DSDV routing protocol that runs on every station. The underlying MAC implementation would dynamically alternate between IEEE 802.11g and the cooperative MAC protocol, for each route hop. In the multi-hop, ad-hoc network, the cooperative cross-layer scheme delivers a smooth user experience while the video playout over the legacy IEEE 802.11g has noticeable freezes and frequent distortions. The demo verifies the extensibility of the cooperative MAC protocol into multi-hop ad-hoc networks, where in conjunction with the routing protocol, can achieve superior performance, compared to the legacy IEEE 802.11g.
Efficient minimization algorithms for fixed polarity AND/XOR canonical networks

Each Boolean function with fixed polarity of variables can be represented uniquely in a two-level AND/XOR form, called the generalized Reed-Muller (GRM) form. The minimization problem is to find the optimal polarity that requires the least number of product terms in the GRM representation. An efficient algorithm was developed to extract product terms of Boolean function, given a polarity of variables. It achieves the lower bound complexity. A heuristic algorithm targeting the minimization problem is proposed. It derives the polarity for every variable and extracts all product terms simultaneously. It is based on the concept of a Boolean center for minterms, which emulates the center of gravity concept in geometry. The experimental results are very encouraging. >
Dip-Track Test

A new tracking test has been designed which substantially eliminates the faults of the standardized tracking tests. It has been used successfully over the past three years in the evaluation of the tracking resistance of cable insulations. Utilizing a liquid contaminant of ammonium chloride, tracking resistance measurements can be molded panels or on cable sections in a very short time with excellent reproducibility. A correlation of the results obtained using the Dip-Track Test and the Inclined Plane Test is shown. A test method for the evaluation of tracking resistance with the Dip-Track Test equipment is presented. Also, a description of the equipment with schematic electrical and mechanical drawings is given.
Breeding Success of Rostrhamus sociabilis (Snail Kites) at Two Florida Lakes

Abstract Rostrhamus sociabilis (Snail Kite) nesting success and productivity were studied at the recently colonized Lake Kissimmee and historically occupied Lake Okeechobee in Florida during 1987 to 1993. Mean (± SD) clutch size for all lake-years was 2.79 ± 0.49, with 3-egg clutches (75.2%) being most frequent. No significant difference was detected in the overall distribution of 2-, 3-, and 4-egg clutches between lakes. The mean number of fledglings for all lake-years was 0.79 ± 0.99 fledgling/nest. Only 44.1% of all nests were successful in fledging birds. Fledging success did not differ significantly among years at Lake Kissimmee. However, significant differences occurred among years at Lake Okeechobee due to the high frequency of failed nests in 1990 (72.2%) and 1991 (74.3%) during low lake levels. Productivity at Lake Kissimmee (0.88 ± 1.00 fledgling/nest) was significantly greater than at Lake Okeechobee (0.74 ± 0.98 fledgling/nest). Estimated nest survivorship (Sday: nest age in days) combined for...
The potential of fine-grained value prediction in enhancing the performance of modern parallel machines

The newly emerging many-core-on-a-chip designs have renewed an intense interest in parallel processing. By applying Amdahlpsilas formulation to the programs in the PARSEC and SPLASH-2 benchmark suites, we find that most applications may not have enough parallelism for modern parallel machines. However, value prediction techniques may allow the ldquoparallelizationrdquo of the sequential portion by predicting values before they are produced. We here extend Amdahlpsilas formulation to model the data redundancy inherent to each benchmark. Our analysis shows that the performance of PARSEC suite benchmarks may improve by a factor of 180.6% and 232.6% for the SPLASH-2 suite, compared to when only the intrinsic parallelism is considered. This demonstrates the immense potential of fine-grained value prediction in enhancing the performance of modern parallel machines.
Addressing conflict in strategic literature reviews: disclosure is not enough

The success of the tobacco industry’s multi-decade campaign to delay regulation by manufacturing uncertainty about the studies linking cigarette smoking to lung cancer and other diseases is well documented.1 2 A less well-known consequence of this campaign is the appearance of a new, lucrative application of scientific expertise: product defence. Consulting firms working for producers of toxic chemicals are using the same approaches, and even the same scientists, that the tobacco industry relied on to forestall regulation of cigarettes. Today, these firms aim to impede public health regulation by questioning studies that have identified hazardous properties of asbestos, beryllium, chromium, lead and a host of other toxic chemicals.3 Defending hazardous chemicals has become lucrative business. It is increasingly common for scientific studies to be commissioned in order to be deployed in regulatory or legal proceedings. Companies involved in the welding industry paid more than US$12 million to scientists who published papers disputing the link between welding-related manganese exposure and neurological disease.4 Similarly, two product defence firms working for defendants who produced asbestos brake shoes or related friction products received over US$23 million for their services, billing hundreds of dollars an hour to write papers for peer-reviewed journals.5 Publication by paid experts is not limited to scientists employed by polluters and manufacturers of toxic materials. Of the 26 papers published by US authors between 2002 and 2006 on the risk …
Estimating Single Cotton Fiber Tensile Properties from the Load-Elongation Curves of Slack Bundles

A method has been developed to estimate single cotton fiber tensile properties from load-elongation curves of slack fiber bundles. The method is applied to bundle load- elongation curves from HVI tests to estimate the averages of fiber breaking strength, elongation, and crimp. The estimated values are compared with single fiber tensile properties obtained from a Mantis® single fiber tester.
Measurements of ice nucleation by mineral dusts in the contact mode

Abstract. Formation of ice in Earth's atmosphere at temperatures above approximately −20 °C is one of the outstanding problems in cloud physics. Contact nucleation has been suggested as a possible mechanism for freezing at relatively high temperatures; some laboratory experiments have shown contact freezing activity at temperatures as high as −4 °C. We have investigated Arizona Test Dust and kaolinite as contact nuclei as a function of size and temperature and find that the fraction of submicron particles that are active as contact ice nuclei is less than 10 −3 for −18 °C and greater. We also find that the different dusts are quite distinct in their effectiveness as contact nuclei; Arizona Test Dust catalyzed freezing in the contact mode at all mobility diameters we tested at −18 °C whereas kaolinite triggered freezing only for mobility diameters of 1000 and 500 nm at that temperature.
CONCENTRATIONS OF ESTRONE SULFATE and PROGESTERONE IN PLASMA and SALIVA, VAGINAL CYTOLOGY, and BIOELECTRIC IMPEDANCE DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE OF THE HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL (MONACHUS SCHAUNSLAnDI)

Blood and saliva samples, vaginal swabs, and bioelectric impedance measurements were collected 1–3 times per week from a captive adult female Hawaiian monk seal (Monacbus schauinslandi) during the spring and summer of 1991. During 1992 saliva only was collected on average 4 times weekly. Concentrations of progesterone and estrone sulfate, and the periodic appearance of cornified epithelial cells from the vagina indicated consecutive estrous cycles ranging 35 ± 3 days in duration. Progesterone concentrations in plasma and saliva had a correlation of 0.868, while estrone sulfate had a correlation of 0.982. Bioimpedance of the whole seal body resulted in a pattern similar to the estrone sulfate concentrations, but shifted forward by 2 d. Bioimpedance of the upper vaginal tissues paralleled the estrone sulfate pattern while the bioimpedance of the lower reproductive tract fluctuated without a distinct pattern. The luteal phase ranged 17–20 d and the follicular phase was 15–18 d in length. These results indicate that: (1) the Hawaiian monk seal, in captivity, is a polyestrous seal, in contrast to other phocid seals that have been studied; (2) salivary concentrations of estrogen and progesterone may provide an accurate, less-invasive method of monitoring reproductive hormones in captive Hawaiian monk seals; and (3) vaginal cytology and bioelectric impedance reflect physiological changes associated with the estrous cycle.
Shortstop: An on-chip fast supply boosting technique

Fast boosting of supply rails is critical for near-threshold computing to overcome serial code bottlenecks. A novel supply boosting technique, called Shortstop, boosts a 3nF core in 26ns while maintaining acceptable supply voltage droops. The innate parasitic inductance of a dedicated dirty supply rail is used as a boost-converter and combined with an on-chip boost capacitor. Shortstop boosts a core up to 1.8× faster than a header-based approach, while reducing supply droop by 2-7×.
Subcapsular hematoma in blunt splenic injury: A significant predictor of failure of nonoperative management.

BACKGROUNDIn patients with blunt splenic injury (BSI), patient selection, angiography, and embolization have contributed to low nonoperative management (NOM) failure rates. Despite these advances, some patients will fail NOM. We noted that a significant proportion of NOM failures had subcapsular hem
Flexible and stretchable electrodes for next generation polymer electronics: a review

Transparent conductive electrodes play a significant role in the fabrication and development of optoelectronic devices. As next generation optoelectronic devices tend towards mobile and wearable devices, the added attribute of flexibility or stretchability for these electrodes becomes increasingly important. However, mechanical requirements aside, transparent conductive electrodes must still retain high transparency and conductivity, with the metrics for these parameters being compared to the standard, indium tin oxide. In the search to replace indium tin oxide, two materials that have risen to the forefront are carbon nanotubes and silver nanowires due to their high transparency, conductivity, mechanical compliance, and ease of fabrication. This review highlights recent innovations made by our group in electrodes utilizing carbon nanotubes and silver nanowires, in addition to the use of these electrodes in discrete devices and integrated systems.
The Rhetoric of Accommodation: Considering the Language of Work-Family Discourse

The language used to describe work-family issues reflects certain ways of thinking about the interconnectedness and segmentation of work and family. "Accommodate" or "accommodation" is a word that is often used in discussions about policies that apply to work and family. This article uses a cluster method of rhetorical analysis to look at the history of "accommodation" in legal discourse. It concludes that the use of the word "accommodation" in other legal contexts can constrain the ways of envisioning the roles, relationships, and possibilities for work and family in discussions about work-family policies.
From extensional to intensional description

Quantum search is well suited to spaces that can be described in brief encodings, such as integers or a set of algorithmic transformations in an abbreviated representation, but needs adaptation to deal efficiently with datasets. A method is presented for exploiting the global aggregation properties of a search operator so that the data space (extension) and algorithmic space can be explored in parallel rather than in succession.
Modeling Transient Fuel Effects with Variable Cam Timing

The physics of the mixture preparation process plays a critical role in transient engine control, a key enabler for satisfying increasingly stringent emissions requirements. This paper presents a fully transient, coupledmodel in Modelica for the liquid fuel behavior and thermodynamic engine cycle including thermal effects for a port fuel injection engine. Details of both the liquid fuel transport and cycle simulation models are provided. The integrated model is used to examine the effects of variable cam timing on the transient fuel behavior including comparisons between simulation results and experimental data under a variety of engine operating conditions.
Continuous multi-exponential method for analyzing transient photoconductivity in amorphous oxide semiconductors

Amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOS) are promising candidate materials for thin film transistors in display devices, but one major challenge for mass application is their instability under illumination. In this work, a theoretical method for analyzing transient photoconductivity response in such AOS thin films is reviewed, namely the continuous multi-exponential model. This model can deduce a continuous distribution of decay time constants representing activation energy levels in an AOS, and is shown to reliably reproduce a model of density of states (DOS) of mid-gap traps assumed to be responsible for the transient photoconductivity. Provided the data collection time is sufficiently long, the continuous multi-exponential model was verified to reconstruct the modeled continuous DOS spectrum, thus providing a powerful tool to analyze photoresponse in AOS. This method has the advantage that no prior assumptions about the form of the density of states are needed, but the drawback that long data collection times are required for the transient to be fully relaxed.
A su salud: a quasi-experimental study among Mexican American women.

OBJECTIVES To test the effectiveness of a community intervention program to promote breast and cervical cancer screening. METHOD Low-income Mexican American neighborhoods located in 2 Texas cities were assigned to intervention or comparison conditions. A 2-year community intervention was delivered via local mass media and reinforced by indigenous volunteers. RESULTS There were higher Pap smear completion rates for women under 40 years of age in the intervention community. CONCLUSION Although it is important to address the cultural needs of all Mexican American women, it is also important to understand the tangible environmental barriers faced by the older women.
Use of the Cell-Dyn 3500 in a Reference Laboratory

The Cell-Dyn 3500 (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, III) is a high-throughput hematology analyzer that includes laser technology, dual white cell analysis, and a closed-tube autosampler that can hold up to 100 blood samples at a time. In this study, the Cell-Dyn 3500 was compared with the Coulter STKS (Coulter Electronics, Hialeah, Fla) for its use in a reference laboratory setting. Among 367 samples tested in parallel, the Cell-Dyn 3500 did not differ statistically from the STKS. The STKS required 29 (8%) of the samples to have manual microscopic analysis; the Cell-Dyn 3500 required 32 (9%). The automated sample handler on the Cell-Dyn 3500 worked well. Instruments were compared statistically for several parameters and evaluated for consistency in analysis of aged blood samples. Blood samples tested through 96 hours on the Cell-Dyn 3500 showed stability of white cell counts through 48 hours; stability of red cell counts through 72 hours; and stability of hemoglobin and hematocrit through 96 hours. The Cell-Dyn 3500 performance was found to be acceptable for a reference laboratory setting.
Assessment of the contribution of insulin-like growth factor I receptor 3174 G-->A polymorphism to the progression of advanced retinopathy of prematurity.

PURPOSE Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of blindness in children with short gestational age and low birthweight. The condition can cause abnormal vessel development that can lead to retinal detachment and blindness. It has been recently reported that a low level of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is associated with ROP. However, the most prevalent polymorphism of IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR 3174 G-->A) that was reported to be producing low level of IGF-I was not found to be associated with ROP in a certain population. In order to reproduce this data in a different cohort and to learn more about the contribution of IGF-IR polymorphism to ROP, the authors hypothesized that it is possible that such a polymorphism would occur more frequently in a different cohort of infants with advanced ROP than those children with mild or no disease. METHODS For genetic analysis, eligible patients were selected consecutively by experienced pediatric ophthalmologists and leukocyte DNA from affected (n=52) and normal patients (n=33) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The amplified products were subjected to restriction enzyme digestion with 10 units of MnlI enzyme. The digested products were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by ethidium bromide staining to visualize the restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The analysis suggests that there is no statistically significant difference in allelic frequency of the most prevalent IGF-IR gene polymorphism between normal subjects and patients with ROP in this cohort. The G-->A polymorphism did not occur more frequently in patients with ROP. CONCLUSIONS The results do not support the association of the most prevalent IGF-IR gene polymorphism and the risk of advanced ROP in a different cohort, confirming the earlier report.
Packaging Forge-proof Technology and Application base on Digital Watermaring

Digital wartermarking is a new technology which applied in the intellectual property protection of digital media such as picture,audio and video.Now it is applied to protect the right of traditional printing.Some basic concepts of digital wartermarking and the applications in packaging and printing forge-proof are introduced in this article.
Development of A Carbon-fiber Conductive Concrete Slab

method of design and process of developing a good performance carbon-fiber concrete slab used in deicing and snow-melting are denoted, conductive analysis is performed on the concrete slab and temperature increase test is made under different atmospheric temperatures. The result shows the development is in consistent with the desired purpose of design , the conductive concrete slab is successful, which would be used in engineering.
The Research Frame of Spatial Decision-Making Process of Enterprise Migration Based on Agent-Based Modeling

The spatial decision- making process of enterprise migration is a complex system, which involves the interaction of enterprise, government, geographical environment and social economy. On account of the inadequacy of past research on firm relocation, this paper presents the research progress of spatial decision- making of enterprise migration at home and abroad, and then discusses the application of enterprise migration theory, industrial location theory, regional function theory, and complex system theory in the study of firm relocation. We construct an implementation tool to analyze the spatial decision- making process of enterprise migration, which is based on the integration of different spatial-making theories of firm relocation, computational simulations, agent-based modeling, and geographical information sciences. This will provide a new method for the study of enterprise migration, especially exploring the mechanism of spatial decision- making process. Additionally, it will enrich the application of simulation, such as geo-computation and spatial intelligence, in the study of economic geography and regional development.
Reseñas de investigaciones. Estudiantes indígenas en la universidad: ¿Qué modelo educativo caracteriza su formación?

La Constitucion Politica de Colombia de 1991 reconoce que los integrantes de los grupos etnicos tienen derecho a una formacion que respete y desarrolle su identidad cultural. Sin embargo, este principio ha tenido poca –o ninguna– aplicacion en la educacion superior. Poco se conoce sobre la situacion de la poblacion estudiantil indigena en las universidades del pais, sus logros y dificultades, su participacion en los diferentes espacios de la vida academica, su relacion con la comunidad no indigena, su articulacion desde la Universidad con las comunidades de origen o la construccion de su vida cotidiana en contextos urbanos. A traves de este proyecto se ha procurado avanzar en este conocimiento para promover la reflexion y discusion sobre la situacion del estudiante indigena en universidades de Antioquia y Choco, que repercuta no solo en una atencion mas acorde a sus necesidades y problematicas, sino en un enriquecimiento de la vida academica, cultural y cotidiana de la comunidad universitaria en general. En este articulo, ademas de describir el proceso de indagacion realizado, se presenta en especial uno de los varios factores que encontramos afectan negativamente la vida en la universidad de un/a estudiante indigena, cual es el modelo educativo eurocentrista y aculturizante que caracteriza a la universidad colombiana.
Abstract 10: Silibinin exhibits anti-cachectic and anti-cancerous property by modulating metabolic properties of pancreatic cancer cells

Cancer cachexia is a systemic syndrome characterized by progressive weight loss of the patient due to muscle wasting and fat depletion with or without anorexia. About 80% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients exhibits cachectic phenotype and it significantly contributes in mortality and morbidity of the disease. In present study we have evaluated the effect of bioactive molecule silibinin on pancreatic cancer progression and cachectic properties by utilizing in vitro as well as in vivo models of PDAC. We observed that silibinin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in multiple pancreatic cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. We also observed silibinin-mediated reduction in the expression of key glycolytic genes and inhibition of glucose uptake and lactate secretion. By performing LC-MS/MS based metabolomics, we observed that silibinin treatment leads to global metabolic alterations in pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreatic cancer cells treated with silibinin exhibited reduced expression of c-MYC level, a key metabolic regulator. Furthermore, we observed that silibinin-mediated STAT3 inhibition leads to reduced c-MYC expression. Ectopic expression of constitutively active STAT3 significantly attenuated the effect of silibinin on c-MYC expression and metabolic phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells. Silibinin treatment also inhibited tumor growth and progression of cachexia. Silibinin treatment to tumor-bearing mice also lead to increased food intake, increased grip strength and body coordination. Overall, our results demonstrate that silibinin exhibits anti-cachectic and anti-cancerous properties by inducing metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer cells. Citation Format: Surendra K. Shukla, Aneesha Dasgupta, Kamiya Mehla, Venugopal Gunda, Enza Vernucci, Joshua Soucheck, Gennifer Goode, Ryan King, Anusha Mishra, Ibha Rai, Sangeetha Natrajan, Nina Chaika, Fang Yu, Pankaj K. Singh. Silibinin exhibits anti-cachectic and anti-cancerous property by modulating metabolic properties of pancreatic cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 10.
Changes in the Updated 2016: WHO Classification of the Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Related Myeloid Neoplasms

In comparison with the 2008 World Health Organization “Blue Book” on hematopoietic neoplasms, a small number of changes have been made in the classification. In the lower-risk patients, Refractory Cytopenias with Multilineage Dysplasia and Ring Sideroblasts (RCMD-RS) has been separated from RCMD to recognize the importance of the SF3B1 mutation. Often there has been confusion as to the degree of morphologic dysplasia and/or cytopenias to define some of the lower-risk subtypes. In addition, the type of dysplasia or cytopenias is not always concordant. Therefore, it seems prudent to apply the more general term “myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)” with single- or multiple-lineage dysplasia. Refractory neutropenia or thrombocytopenia has been deemphasized because most patients have multilineage dysplasia. In the higher-risk patients, the terms Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts (RAEB) 1 or 2 have been simplified to Myelodysplastic Syndrome-Excess Blasts (MDS-EB) 1 or 2 to emphasize the importance of the percentage of blasts that dictate therapy. Patients with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML) can be classified into 3 groups: CMML 0, 1, or 2, based on the percentage of blasts (< 5%, 5%-9%, 10%-19%). Cases with 50% or more erythroid precursors will not have the percentage of blasts based on the nonerythroid precursors. Previous cases of acute erythroid leukemia (myeloid:erythroid type) can be included in the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtype: AML with MDS-related features.
Human papillomavirus-associated anal and cervical cancers in HIV-infected individuals: incidence and prevention in the antiretroviral therapy era.

Purpose of reviewThe incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers has increased (anal cancer) or not declined (cervical cancer) since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This article reviews recent data on incidence and prevention efforts for HPV-related cancers in the ART e
Effects of Pre-cure Storage and Smoking on the Microflora and Palatability of Aged Dry-cured Hams1

Forty-two similar weight hams were held 3 and 6 days postmortem at 2 C, dry-cured, and held at 13 C for 4 weeks for salt equalization. Half were then smoked and half were not smoked. All hams were aged for 3 months at 24 C. Six hams from each group were selected for external microbial evaluation and three were selected for internal microbial evaluation before curing, after curing, after salt equalization or smoking, and after aging 1, 2 and 3 months. Aerobic counts were higher in hams held 6 days than in those held 3 days but the difference decreased as processing time progressed. Smoking decreased surface counts. Enterococci, Bacillus cereus and fluorescent pseudomonads counts were initially low and these organisms were virtually absent after aging 1 month. Coliforms were initially low and were not detected after salt equalization. Staphylococci increased through 3 months of aging with very few isolates being coagulase-positive. Yeasts and molds increased gradually through processing and aging. No Clostridium perfringens or Salmonella were detected in uncured hams. There were no significant differences in palatability traits due either to pre-cure holding time or smoking.
Foundations of Gas Dynamics

Foundations of Gas Dynamics covers supersonic and subsonic flow phenomena where compressibility of the fluid cannot be ignored. It finds application in jet and rocket propulsion systems as well as handling industrial gas flow at high speeds. Students and engineers in the mechanical, aerospace, and chemical disciplines will find it useful. It begins with basic concepts such as isentropic flows, shock, and supersonic expansion waves in one dimension. These are followed by one-dimensional flows with friction and heat exchange. Two-dimensional theory with small perturbations is presented, with its applications illustrated by supersonic airfoils. Method of characteristics is used for flows with two independent variables, either with two spatial coordinates or with time variations in one dimension. In later chapters, acoustic wave propagation, supersonic flow combustion, and unsteady shock formation are treated thoroughly. The book ends with a chapter on basic hypersonic flow, with a discussion of similarity rules.
Self-Determination in Health Research: An Alaska Native Example of Tribal Ownership and Research Regulation

Alaska Native (AN) and American Indian (AI) people are underrepresented in health research, yet many decline to participate in studies due to past researcher misconduct. Southcentral Foundation (SCF), an Alaska Native-owned and operated health care organization, is transforming the relationship between researchers and the tribal community by making trust and accountability required features of health research in AN/AI communities. In 1998, SCF assumed ownership from the federal government of health services for AN/AI people in south central Alaska and transformed the health system into a relationship-based model of care. This change reimagines how researchers interact with tribal communities and established community oversight of all health research conducted with AN/AI people in the region. We describe the SCF research review process, which requires tribal approval of the research concept, full proposal, and dissemination products, as well as local institutional review board approval, and a researcher-signed contract. This review evaluates research through the lens of tribal principles, practices, and priorities. The SCF example provides a framework for other tribes and organizations seeking to reshape the future of health research in AN/AI communities.
Cognitive fusion among hispanic college students: Further validation of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire

Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) among Hispanic college students. Results from the confirmatory factor analysis supported the use of the original one-factor, 7-item solution. Concerning concurrent validity, fusion was positively related to psychological inflexibility, thought suppression, frequency and believability of depressive thoughts, psychological distress, and thought control strategies and negatively correlated with life satisfaction. Additionally, the CFQ added to the prediction of psychological distress above and beyond psychological inflexibility and thought suppression but did not add to the prediction of life satisfaction. The CFQ did not depend on country of origin for predicting psychological distress and life satisfaction. The current study offers initial support for using the CFQ among Hispanic college students. Future studies should further examine this measure among diverse populations, including the impact of cultural variables on the utility of this measure.
Impact of Endourology on Diagnosis and Management of Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Cancer

AbstractThe technique of transurethral ureteropyeloscopy was used in 43 patients with upper urinary tract urothelial tumors. Diagnosis was confirmed in 19 of 22 renal pelvic tumors (86 per cent) and 19 of 21 ureteral tumors (90 per cent). The major complication rate in this series is low (7 per cent) and did not appear to influence unfavorably subsequent management or outcome. A total of 21 patients underwent conservative endourological management of the upper tract tumor. The local recurrence rate was 20 per cent (1 of 8) for renal pelvic tumors and 15 per cent for distal ureteral tumors (2 of 13). The technique of ureteropyeloscopy should be added to the standard diagnostic regimen for the investigation of upper tract filling defects and conservative endourological techniques can be used safely for management of selected cases of upper tract urothelial tumor.
Weighted Benefit, Variable Radius, and Gradual Coverage

The previous chapters have primarily focused on application contexts and modeling approaches where predefined, discrete coverage metrics are appropriate. Examples of this include: a fire department adequately serves/covers those properties that are within 5 min of travel from a station, or a surveillance system monitors/covers the areas that can be viewed by one or more cameras. That is, coverage is defined as being achieved or not, a simple binary yes or no property. The fact that coverage is defined as being provided or not to an area or object conceived of as a demand for service makes many coverage problems relatively simple to construct, especially for problems that are discrete in nature. When both demand objects and potential facility sites are discrete locations and finite in number, it is possible to identify which sites are capable of covering specific demand objects. An important question, however, is whether coverage should be so crisply defined. For example, when demand for service requires five and a half minutes to respond to from the closest fire station, it may not be considered covered according to a desired 5 min service time standard. In reality, demand for service along these lines obviously receives some level of degraded response service, but just not complete coverage characteristics associated with an established service standard. This chapter therefore explores how coverage models have been extended to be more flexible by including multiple levels of coverage, or steps of coverage, as well as defining a range where coverage is gradually degraded or lost. The idea that service/coverage is degraded, lost or not provided is itself of potential concern, and raises issues of equity. Essentially, in a public setting, we should be concerned with treating those demands that are not covered as fairly as possible. How do we identify a facility configuration (solution) that is as equitable as possible? This too is a subject of this chapter. Finally, there are cases when the coverage capabilities at a given location can be a function of investment. That is, we might be able to expand what a facility can cover by enhancing or upgrading associated equipment. For example, a viewshed (or coverage range) of a fire lookout tower might be extended by increasing its height. An emergency broadcast tower, as another example, might be outfitted with a superior transmitter providing a stronger signal, thereby increasing its range of reception. Such enhancements or upgrades likely are more costly, but do represent ways service capabilities may be altered. This chapter also addresses modeling where there may be options for increasing the coverage range of a facility along with making location siting decisions.
A comprehensive security approach: bolstering Finnish cybersecurity capacity

Finland, at the easternmost border of the European Union (EU), has set itself apart as a global leader in cybersecurity technology. Yet, despite Finland’s relative technological strength in this sp...
Mapping Salton Sea Water Surface Extent and Its Long-Term Changes with Landsat TM Imagery

As the largest body of water in California, the Salton Sea provides important social, economic, and ecological values to the region. However, the Sea has shrunk substantially over time and water quality has deteriorated considerably, mainly caused by agricultural and industrial pollutants, reduced inflow, and enhanced evaporation. Six functionally different spectral water indexes were selected and evaluated to determine their efficiency in estimating water surfaces during excessive growth of algae and outbreaks of green tide when water quality degraded significantly. The evaluation indicated that among the selected water indexes, the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) was most efficient in differentiating open water from surrounding non-water features, and the differentiation was least affected by water quality change. MNDWI was applied to each archived Landsat TM imagery of the Salton Sea area acquired between 1982 and 2012. The extracted water surfaces showed that the Sea experienced significant change over the 31-year period and entered an accelerated drying stage in 2005. The results also revealed the clear seasonal variations of water surface extent, which increases from September to January and decreases afterwards.
The Sustainable Harvest of Wild Populations of Oshá ( Ligusticum porteri ) in Southern Colorado for the Herbal Products Trade

It is a challenge to both use and conserve wild-harvested medicinal plants, especially when it appears they may be threatened by harvest pressure, and there is often limited biological information available to inform management decisions. Osha (Ligusticum porteri) is an important medicinal plant whose roots are harvested in the southwest USA and Mexico as an herbal remedy to treat flu, sore throat, and other illnesses. We studied population structure, root production, and the ability of osha to recover from harvest in different environmental contexts at two high-elevation southern Colorado sites with a goal of understanding what a sustainable rate of harvest might be. We experimentally harvested roots of mature osha plants at four different rates. Results indicate that low rates of harvest allow for stable osha populations over the short term (3–5 year) at our sites. Due to management interest by the USDA Forest Service, we propose a possible sustainable harvest rate of 50% of mature plants every 10 years. Given variability due to weather and other environmental factors, we recommend that future osha harvest should be planned and adjusted after careful monitoring.
Purification of azotophore membranes containing the nitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii.

Azotophore membranes containing nitrogenase have been purified in high yield from A. vinelandii by differential and sucrose density gradient sedimentation. The purified preparations appeared as uniform vesicular membranes of 40–75 nm diameter containing the majority of the nitrogenase activity from these cells and were readily separated from the intracytoplasmic membranes containing the cytochromes of the respiratory electron transfer system. The yield and specific activity of azotophores from cells broken by mechanical or osmotic treatment were similar.
Substance Misuse and Drug Overdose

In this chapter, the results of the Foul Play Project (FPP) are used to investigate the various conditions that increase the risk of drug misuse and outcomes such as drug overdoses (DODs) and drug poisonings. This analysis investigates the ways in which law enforcement professionals respond to DODs and other drug- and alcohol- related behaviors as involving foul play. The traumatic and stigmatizing effects of drug misuse and DODs on victims and their families and communities are presented. The adverse social, educational, and occupational consequences of drug misuse and DODs and financial costs are evaluated. FPP results are based on a random sample of 5,366 cases involving possible foul play that were reported in the media.
A Practitioner's Perspective on Institutionalizing Voter Registration on College & University Campuses

For the past decade, Northwestern University has implemented an initiative which has resulted in a voter registration rate averaging around 90% of its entire eligible student body. Meanwhile, this concentrated effort to integrate comprehensive voter registration and engagement initiatives into University operations increased voting among eligible students by over 15 percentage points between 2012 and 2016, with 64.3% of all eligible student voters casting a ballot in the 2016 general election. This paper reflects the experience of a civic engagement practitioner at Northwestern working with colleagues to cultivate a new cultural norm of student voting at the University, and describes the process, results, and lessons learned from this effort to institutionalize voter engagement.
Strain Rate Dependent Ductility and Strain Hardening in Q&P Steels

Due to their high strength, formability and affordable cost, quenched and partitioned (Q&P) steels have shown the potential to reduce the mass of vehicles, thereby decreasing fuel consumption during service. Furthermore, because a lower mass of steel is used in each vehicle, energy consumption associated with the steelmaking process is also reduced. Q&P steels utilize the deformation-induced martensitic transformation (DIMT) of metastable retained austenite to enhance ductility and strain hardening. Accordingly, improvement of mechanical performance is contingent on the ability to precisely control the chemical and mechanical stability of austenite. Considering the multitude of factors that influence austenite stability, optimizing microstructures to delay necking or fracture is challenging, particularly as temperature and strain rate increase. Tensile tests of an intercritically annealed C-Mn-Si Q&P steel were performed over a range of strain rates (10−4 to 10−1 s−1) to evaluate effects on the DIMT and sheet tensile properties. As strain rates increased from 10−4 to 10−1 s−1, the uniform elongation decreased from approximately 19 to 14 pct. This reduction in uniform elongation is associated with a decrease in the strain hardening exponent near the onset of strain localization. Based on experimental data from this study and review of previous research, it is postulated that the strengthening contribution of DIMT is controlled by competing effects of: (i) a decreasing chemical driving force for DIMT caused by deformation-induced heat accumulation at higher strain rates and (ii) an increasing number of martensite nucleation sites. This suggests that tailoring austenite stability for specific deformation conditions could enable further optimization of formability and vehicle crash behavior.
Going to Rwanda

Between 2006 and 2015, Laura Apol made ten trips to Rwanda. This chapter details with the various purposes of the visits, paying particular attention to the relationships that developed across time. As the purposes for the visits change, Apol documents through poems her own responses and insights, seeing this writing about lived experience as “poetic inquiry.” Poetic inquiry offered Apol a means of bringing together her identities as a researcher and a poet, and of exploring through poetry her own learning and transformation. Through engaging in poetic inquiry, Apol became aware of, and began to build a framework for understanding both the affordances and the challenges of this means of research as she encountered “the lives of others” through poems.
ROLE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF POSTERIOR ANKLE IMPINGEMENT IN PEDIATRIC ATHLETES - A PROSPECTIVE STUDY:

Background:Posterior ankle impingement (PAI) is a known cause of posterior ankle pain in athletes performing repetitive plantarflexion motion. Even though empirically recommended in adult PAI, ther...
A novel probabilistic generator for large-scale gene association networks.

Motivation Gene expression data provide an opportunity for reverse-engineering gene-gene associations using network inference methods. However, it is difficult to assess the performance of these methods because the true underlying network is unknown in real data. Current benchmarks address this problem by subsampling a known regulatory network to conduct simulations. But the topology of regulatory networks can vary greatly across organisms or tissues, and reference-based generators-such as GeneNetWeaver-are not designed to capture this heterogeneity. This means, for example, benchmark results from the E. coli regulatory network will not carry over to other organisms or tissues. In contrast, probabilistic generators do not require a reference network, and they have the potential to capture a rich distribution of topologies. This makes probabilistic generators an ideal approach for obtaining a robust benchmarking of network inference methods. Results We propose a novel probabilistic network generator that (1) provides an alternative to address the inherent limitation of reference-based generators and (2) is able to create realistic gene association networks, and (3) captures the heterogeneity found across gold-standard networks better than existing generators used in practice. Eight organism-specific and 12 human tissue-specific gold-standard association networks are considered. Several measures of global topology are used to determine the similarity of generated networks to the gold-standards. Along with demonstrating the variability of network structure across organisms and tissues, we show that the commonly used "scale-free" model is insufficient for replicating these structures. Availability This generator is implemented in the R package "SeqNet" and is available on CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SeqNet/index.html).
Navigation and the Basin

Another great use of rivers, dating back to the remotest times, has been as channels of movement. In arid or semi-arid regions navigation has been overshadowed by irrigation, but in humid regions it has remained paramount and only in the twentieth century was it seriously challenged — by power development.1
Knowledge and Behaviors Surrounding a Gluten-Free Diet Between Medically and Self-Diagnosed Individuals

Objective: Gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye and barley has been linked to the inflammatory response of the GI tract in individuals with Celiac Disease, non-­‐celiac gluten sensitivity, and in some cases irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Several factors have contributed to the increase in these gluten-­‐related disorders in recent years, including improved medical diagnosis, public awareness of the disease, changes in the composition of wheat due to modern agricultural technologies and perceived health benefits from following a gluten-­‐free diet. The purpose of this research was to examine the knowledge, behaviors and adherence to a gluten-­‐free diet by individuals with a medical diagnosis versus those who self-­‐diagnose themselves, and the nutritional consequences of following a gluten-­‐free diet. Methods: A survey instrument consisting of forty-­‐three questions was designed to collect data. The self-­‐administered questionnaire was distributed online using Qualtrics Survey Software and was made available to participants throughout Syracuse University from January 26, 2015 to February 9, 2015. Results: Two hundred and eighteen individuals completed the questionnaire. Of these respondents, seventy-­‐three individuals reported a gluten sensitivity/intolerance diagnosis, of whom 63% (n=46) identified as self-­‐diagnosed and 37% (n=27) were medically diagnosed. Conclusion: There are several reasons why individuals choose to follow a gluten-­‐free diet (GFD). A GFD requires education and knowledge of gluten containing foods. Strict adherence of a GFD is challenging and may cause several nutritional deficiencies. However, a GFD can be wholesome and nutrient dense provided it is well planned under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIORS SURROUNDING A GLUTEN-­‐FREE DIET BETWEEN MEDICALLY AND SELF-­‐DIAGNOSED INDIVIDUALS by Sara A. Quinteros-­‐Fernandez B.S., Pennsylvania State University, 2009 Master’s Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nutrition Science. Syracuse University May 2015 Copyright © Sara A. Quinteros-­‐Fernandez 2015 All Rights Reserved