cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Shakespeare Electronic Archive: Collections and multimedia tools for teaching and research, 1992–2008

This essay reviews the recent work of the MIT-based Shakespeare Electronic Archive, focusing on two major current projects: XMAS (Cross-Media Annotation System), which provides tools for video clip definition and annotation using DVD and streaming video for use in online discussions and multimedia essays, and Expanding the Shakespeare Electronic Archive, aimed at developing an expanded collection for Hamlet in collaboration with the editors of HamletWorks and others and on creating a new collection on Shakespeare Performance in Asia which will include complete video records of many of the most celebrated productions to emerge in the sustained burst of creativity and experimentation that has marked Asian work on Shakespeare over the last 20 years. The Asian Shakespeare project will use streaming video in a web-based archive, and will offer new tools for advanced searches and for excerpting and annotating video sequences for use in online essays and publications.
Improved Characterization of Sorghum Tannins Using Size-Exclusion Chromatography

L. Moench) is a native grass spe-cies of the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa (Kimber 2000). Sorghum is a genetically diverse crop and contains some geno-types that have a pigmented testa and therefore contain tannins (Rooney et al 1980; Rooney and Miller 1982). Such lines have the dominant B1_B2_ genes and are the only sorghum types with tannins (Blakeley et al 1979), despite common misperceptions that all sorghums have tannins or that the presence of tannins is linked to seed color (Boren and Waniska 1992). Due to the high antioxidant activity, sorghum tannins have recently been exam-ined for potential as a nutraceutical, especially cancer prevention (Awika and Rooney 2004). Generally, tannins which are polymers, are characterized on the basis of their monomeric composition, and their degree of polym-erization, both of which can impact their functionality (Asquith et al 1983). Many analytical methods have been used to study their composition such as reversed phase (RP) HPLC (Putman and Butler 1989; Prior and Gu 2005), normal-phase (NP) HPLC (Gu et al 2002; Awika et al 2003), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) (Williams et al 1983; Karchesy et al 1988; Kennedy and Taylor 2003), capillary electrophoresis (CE) (Bae et al 1994; Ci-fuentes et al 2001; Bonoli et al 2004), and mass spectrometry (Cheynier and Fulcrand 2003; Kruger et al 2003). It is generally agreed that sorghum tannins are composed of monomeric flavan-3-ols. Thus, recent research has focused on the degree of polymerization of these subunits, with one limitation being how well the largest polymers (i.e., a high degree of polym-erization [DP]) can be resolved. Recently, NP-HPLC has resolved tannins to a DP of >10 and has significantly improved the separa-tion and characterization of tannins from a number of sources, including sorghum (Hammerstone et al 1999; Gu et al 2002). While NP-HPLC was capable of excellent resolution, run times were lengthy (40 min) and NP-HPLC must be conducted in the total absence of water, which complicates switching instruments between types of HPLC such as RP-HPLC. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the use of improved SEC procedures for analyzing sorghum tannins that required no special sample preparation (such as derivatization, tannin purification, etc.) and that would provide information on the M
Variational method for the Hartree equation of the helium atom

It is shown that in the Hartree approximation the energy functional of the helium atom reaches its minimum and that the corresponding minimizing function is a solution of the Hartree equation.
Endoscopic endonasal approach for pituitary adenomas: a series of 555 patients

To report the results of a consecutive series of patients who underwent an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for resection of a pituitary adenoma and compare them to previous series of microscopic and endoscopic approaches. A retrospective review of clinical and radiographic outcomes of a consecutive series of patients operated at our center between 2002 and 2011 was performed. 555 patients underwent an EEA for removal of a pituitary adenoma. The mean follow up was 3.1 years (range 3 months to 9.5 years); 36 were lost to follow up. Ninety-one (17.5 %) harbored recurrent adenomas. An expanded approach to reach the supra-, para- and infra-sellar spaces was employed in 290 patients (55.9 %). Reconstruction with a nasal septal flap was used in 238 cases (65.6 %). The rate of gross total resection was 65.3 % in the 359 patients with non-functioning adenomas. The remission rates with EEA alone were 82.5 % in the 57 ACTH-secreting adenomas, 65.3 % in the 49 GH-secreting adenomas and 54.7 % in the 53 prolactinomas. Of the 237 patients presenting with visual loss, 190 (80.2 %) improved or normalized, 41 (17.3 %) remained unchanged and 4 (1.7 %) experienced transient visual deterioration due to postoperative apoplexy. In addition, no patient without preexisting visual loss suffered new visual decline. The overall post-operative CSF leak rate was 5 % and this decreased to 2.9 % after the introduction of reconstruction with the naso-septal flap. Two patients (0.3 %) had an ICA injury. The EEA is a safe and effective way to surgically approach pituitary adenomas, particularly in recurrent tumors, those with supra-sellar extension or cavernous sinus invasion. The remission and complication rates are comparable or favorable compared with those reported in previous series of microscopic and endoscopic approaches.
Digital manufacturing: The nexus of the real-time information enterprise and the digital factory using of flexible reconfigurable equipment

In this talk, we introduce three new concepts in manufacturing: First, we describe the real-time information enterprise, where local real-time decision making on the factory floor is being replaced by decision support systems determining (or even making) system-optimal resource allocation decisions based on the actual and predicted state of the manufacturing system. Secondly, we are moving towards a digital manufacturing engineering factory where manufacturing systems are completely designed, validated, and launched in math prior to commissioning. Thirdly, we will describe the research challenges in synchronizing the real-time information enterprise and the digital factory.
The mechanism of cumene hydroperoxide-dependent lipid peroxidation: The function of cytochrome P-450☆

The addition of limiting amounts of cumene hydroperoxide to rat liver microsomes resulted in the rapid uptake of molecular oxygen, the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive products, and the loss of hydroperoxide. The stoichiometry of lipid peroxidation and the yields of 2-phenyl-2-propanol (a major product of the reaction) and acetophenone (a minor product) observed with liver microsomes prepared from untreated rats is greater than that seen with liver microsomes from ciprofibrate-treated rats which, in turn, is greater than that observed with liver microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats. The Km's and Vmax's of oxygen uptake varied with the type of rat liver microsomes used. Cytochrome P-450 substrates and inhibitors decreased the extents and initial rates of oxygen uptake and thiobarbituric acid reactive product formation. A mechanism is proposed involving the cytochrome P-450-catalyzed homolytic cleavage of the cumene hydroperoxide O-O bond to give the cumyloxyl radical. It is proposed that this oxygen-centered radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from an unsaturated fatty acid associated with a lipid (initiating lipid peroxidation) to give 2-phenyl-2-propanol or that the radical undergoes beta-scission to produce acetophenone and a methyl radical.
Discovery of the chemical function of glycosidases: design, synthesis, and evaluation of mass-differentiated carbohydrate libraries.

Discovery of the catalytic chemical function of the many putative glycosidases coded in genomes currently relies on individual testing of possible substrates, usually as their p-nitrophenol conjugate. Herein, we present an alternative chemical proteomics approach using a synthetic mass-differentiated heat-stable substrate library with mass spectrometry readout. Library components do not serve as reaction inhibitors and both primary and secondary enzyme substrates can be delineated.
Early Application Development/Tuning and Application Characterization/ Segmentation

This position paper makes two separate, only tangentially related points: 1. A research program is necessary to produce tools and techniques that allow application developers to develop and tune applications for future exascale machines, well before the machines are deployed. 2. In order to cope with, or facilitate, segmentation of exascale architectures, it is necessary to carry out an extensive study characterizing the needs and behaviors of applications that are expected to run on exascale machines.
Enzyme polymorphism associated with habitat choice in the intertidal snail Tegula funebralis.

The black turban snail,Tegula funebralis, is found in the intertidal zone of the North American Pacific coast, a region of extreme spatial heterogeneity. Associations between genetic polymorphism and habitat choice are predicted by theoretical models of the maintenance of genetic polymorphism in spatially heterogeneous environments, such as that occupied byTegula funebralis. Habitat choice was studied in individually marked snails at two locations. Genotypes of marked snails were then determined at two highly polymorphic enzyme loci, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), using starch gel electrophoresis. Multiple regression analysis showed that a snail's size, sex, and enzyme genotype were associated with its habitat selection behavior.
The effect of helium plasma etching on polymer-based optoelectronic devices

Abstract In this paper the optoelectronic performance of selectively patterned conjugated polymers in light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors was examined. Polymers were patterned via a dry, non-reactive ion etching process using helium plasma. The polymers studied were the light-emitting poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) and poly[9,9-di-(2′-ethylhexyl)fluorenyl-2,7-diyl], and the conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate). The electroluminescent spectra of etched and unetched LEDs are almost identical. There is no correlation between He-ion etching times and LED emission spectra changes. The MEH-PPV-based photodetectors show no decrease in external quantum efficiencies due to increased etch times. Results show that using helium plasma is effective at etching these polymers at predictable rates from selected areas without damaging the working device.
Osteocalcin Protects Against Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, particularly its more aggressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is associated with hepatic insulin resistance. Osteocalcin, a protein secreted by osteoblast cells in bone, has recently emerged as an important metabolic regulator with insulin-sensitizing properties. In humans, osteocalcin levels are inversely associated with liver disease. We thus hypothesized that osteocalcin may attenuate NASH and examined the effects of osteocalcin treatment in middle-aged (12-mo-old) male Ldlr(-/-) mice, which were fed a Western-style high-fat, high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks to induce metabolic syndrome and NASH. Mice were treated with osteocalcin (4.5 ng/h) or vehicle for the diet duration. Osteocalcin treatment not only protected against Western-style high-fat, high-cholesterol diet-induced insulin resistance but substantially reduced multiple NASH components, including steatosis, ballooning degeneration, and fibrosis, with an overall reduction in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity scores. Further, osteocalcin robustly reduced expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes (Cd68, Mcp1, Spp1, and Col1a2) in liver and suppressed inflammatory gene expression in white adipose tissue. In conclusion, these results suggest osteocalcin inhibits NASH development by targeting inflammatory and fibrotic processes.
Reaction distribution in a corroding pit

Abstract An analysis of the reaction distribution over a corroding pit is presented. If the liquid-phase conductivity and the interfacial rate constants for the metal-dissolution reaction are known, the results of this secondary current distribution problem can be used to estimate the maximum rate of pit growth. The approach taken involves the conformal mapping of the pit geometry onto a new coordinate system; the finished transformation is shown to remove the singularity at the pit edge and provide a bounded region over which only a limited number of mesh points are required to perform accurate numerical analysis. Numerical calculations for the pit dissolution rate subject to linear and Tafel polarization are fitted to simple expressions; as a consequence, the results of this work can be used without having to resort to numerical methods. For the linear polarization analysis, the results are generalized in a manner that allows one to consider an arbitrary number of reactions on the pit surface.
Vector competence of California mosquitoes for West Nile virus

To identify the mosquito species competent for West Nile virus (WNV) transmission, we evaluated 10 California species that are known vectors of other arboviruses or major pests: Culex tarsalis, Cx. pipiens pipiens, Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. erythrothorax, Ochlerotatus dorsalis, Oc. melanimon, Oc. sierrensis, Aedes vexans, and Culiseta inornata. All 10 became infected and were able to transmit WNV at some level. Ochlerotatus, Culiseta, and Aedes were low to moderately efficient vectors. They feed primarily on mammals and could play a secondary role in transmission. Oc. sierrensis, a major pest species, and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus from southern California were the least efficient laboratory vectors. Cx. tarsalis, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. erythrothorax, and other populations of Cx. pipiens complex were the most efficient laboratory vectors. Culex species are likely to play the primary role in the enzootic maintenance and transmission of WNV in California.
Core relaxation effects in inner shell photoionization of atoms

Abstract Inner-shell photoionization of closed-shell systems can be described by modifications of the relativistic random-phase approximation which include relaxation effects. The inclusion of overlap integrals between orbitals of the ground state and the relaxed final state is essential. Methods are reviewed and the results of cross section and matrix element calculations on deep inner subshells are compared with experiment for several atomic systems. In some instances, polarization effects can also play a role. A technique for approximating the effects of polarization is reviewed and its application to the negative iodide ion is presented.
Viewing Values Education from Two Perspectives

Values education is currently under serious question. It seems important to take advantage of this questioning period, which can be healthy, to help us understand the issues and concerns confronting values education and encourage more reasoned responses when decisions are made about values education-both in and out of the classroom. Initially, it is important to define values and understand their status in formal education. Fraenkel explains that, "Values are not things, but rather ideas about what things (objects, individuals, procedures, policies, ways of behaving, etc.) are of worth; that is, what things are or are not worth doing, worth having, or worth trying to obtain."' There is no question that values are taught daily through both the formal and the informal curriculum.2 It is important to remember that we have taught values from the inception of formal schooling. And according to a recent Gallup Poll, 79 percent of Americans continue to favor instruction in the public schools that would deal with values in the classroom.3 There is, in other words, a consensus both historically and currently that values should be a part of American schooling. What, then, is the present issue-the swirl of controversy that surrounds values education? The conflict over values education is not whether values should be taught, but how and whose values should be taught. As explained above, education has taken the inculcation of certain core values as part of its charge, e.g., honesty, integrity, responsibility, hard work, courage, and compassion. However, in recent years, the process of teaching students how to clarify and analyze their own values and those of others has added a new dimension to values education. The rationale for the emphasis on process (hereafter referred to as valuing)4 is based on the requirements of a choice-
Analysis of Demand Side Management Measures for Residential Buildings

As part of a utility program to explore implementation of demand charges and time of use utility rates for residential buildings, impact of commonly used energy efficiency measures on the reduction of electricity demand in residential homes are explored in this paper. The study presented in the paper focus on homes located in the Denver-Boulder area. Detailed energy audit and simulation analyses are conducted to obtain detailed data relevant to energy performance of 13 homes. Simplified analysis method is outlined to estimate the energy use of residential homes as well as electrical peak demand. Moreover, general guidelines are provided to effectively reduce peak demand for homes.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Inflation at low scales: General analysis and a detailed model

Models of inflationary cosmology based on spontaneous symmetry breaking typically suffer from the shortcoming that the symmetry-breaking scale is driven to nearly the Planck scale by observational constraints. In this paper we investigate inflationary potentials in a general context, and show that this difficulty is characteristic only of potentials {ital V}({phi}) dominated near their maxima by terms of order {phi}{sup 2}. We find that potentials dominated by terms of order {phi}{sup {ital m}} with {ital m}{approx_gt}2 can satisfy observational constraints at an arbitrary symmetry-breaking scale. Of particular interest, the spectral index of density fluctuations is shown to depend only on the order of the lowest nonvanishing derivative of {ital V}({phi}) near the maximum. This result is illustrated in the context of a specific model, with a broken SO(3) symmetry, in which the potential is generated by gauge boson loops. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Blue-Collar Power The Social Impact of Urban School Custodians

Set in the wall of the main corridor of a public school in a small city of Iowa is a bronze tablet bearing, in low relief, the heroic likeness of a man and the inscription "He gave thirty-two years of faithful service to the youth of this community. " From the dedicatory program we learn that the tablet was placed "by its hundreds of doners [sic] with the belief that all those who shall frequent these halls in the years to come will be inspired, as we who present it were inspired, by him. " This superior personage, so memorialized, was not a member of the board of education, he was not a superintendent; nor a principal; nor an exceptional teacher, but the school janitor or custodian.... Here is a testimonial to the fact that the man who fires the furnace and sweeps the floors may. loom in the memory of those who came under his humble ministrations as of more moment than the remaining personnel of the institution [Rogers, 1938: 1].
Calcium Supplements and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review

Dietary or supplemental calcium intake has long been encouraged for optimal bone health. However, more recently, the safety of calcium supplementation has been questioned because of a possible association between supplemental calcium and cardiovascular risk. Whereas calcium may have a beneficial or neutral effect on cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, cholesterol, weight, and diabetes, available evidence does not provide a definitive answer for an association with cardiovascular disease (CVD). To date, no calcium trials have studied cardiovascular disease as a primary end point, and larger trials with longer follow-up are needed. In this review, we present results from observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have evaluated calcium intake (dietary or supplemental) in relation to cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease as a secondary outcome. Results from RCTs are mixed regarding CVD risk in those using supplemental calcium with or without vitamin D, and more large-scale randomized trials designed specifically with CVD as the primary end point are needed. Evidence suggests that it is reasonable to encourage adequate dietary calcium intake, especially for postmenopausal women who are at greatest risk for osteoporotic fracture.
An automated controlled-rearing method for studying the origins of movement recognition in newly hatched chicks.

Movement recognition is central to visual perception and cognition, yet its origins are poorly understood. Can newborn animals encode and recognize movements at the onset of vision, or does this ability have a protracted developmental trajectory? To address this question, we used an automated controlled-rearing method with a newborn animal model: the domestic chick (Gallus gallus). This automated method made it possible to collect over 150 test trials from each subject. In their first week of life, chicks were raised in controlled-rearing chambers that contained a single virtual agent who repeatedly performed three movements. In their second week of life, we tested whether chicks could recognize the agent’s movements. Chicks successfully recognized both individual movements and sequences of movements. Further, chicks successfully encoded the order that movements occurred within a sequence. These results indicate that newborn visual systems can encode and recognize movements at the onset of vision and argue for an increased focus on automated controlled-rearing methods for studying the emergence of perceptual and cognitive abilities.
Three-dimensional finite element analysis of block compression

Abstract Based on rigid-viscoplastic formulation three-dimensional finite element analysis was performed for block compression. Discretization of the variational form of the equilibrium equation is made with 8-node hexahedral isoparametric elements. In the treatment of the traction prescribed boundary condition, velocity dependent friction was used. Simulations of compression of simple rectangular blocks were performed for two geometries under two friction conditions for each geometry. Comparison of some of the computed results with experiments showed excellent agreement. The technique was further extended to take into account the presence of a neutral zone, occurrence of folding and lifting, and applied to the analysis of compression of a wedge-shaped block between two flat parallel dies. Again, the computed results predict the actual characteristics of deformation accurately.
Developmental change in neutral processing of words by children with autism.

This study examined the development of neural processing of auditorally presented words in high functioning children with autism. The purpose was to test the hypothesis that electrophysiological abnormalities associated with impairments in early cortical processing and in semantic processing persist into early adolescence in autistic individuals. Eighteen children with autism and 18 normally developing children participated in the study. Ten of the children in each group were 8–9 years old, and 8 in each group were 11–12 years old (n = 36). Lists of words were presented auditorally; half were words belonging to a specified semantic category and half were words outside the category. Results revealed that while early cortical processing abnormalities appeared to resolve with development, children with autism in both age groups failed to exhibit differential semantic processing of in-versus out-of-category words. Further, while 8 year-olds with autism generated a large N4 (a late cognitive ERP component, which is sensitive to semantic deviance from a context) to words in both stimulus classes the 11 year-olds showed attenuated N4 relative to normal controls in response to both stimulus types. An attempt is made to integrate findings with current cognitive theories toward a parsimonious explanation of semantic classification deficits in autism.
TU‐C‐12A‐11: Comparisons Between Cu‐ATSM PET and DCE‐CT Kinetic Parameters in Canine Sinonasal Tumors

Purpose: Regions of poor perfusion within tumors may be associated with higher hypoxic levels. This study aimed to test this hypothesis by comparing measurements of hypoxia from Cu-ATSM PET to vasculature kinetic parameters from DCE-CT kinetic analysis. Methods: Ten canine patients with sinonasal tumors received one Cu-ATSM PET/CT scan and three DCE-CT scans prior to treatment. Cu-ATSM PET/CT and DCE-CT scans were registered and resampled to matching voxel dimensions. Kinetic analysis was performed on DCE-CT scans and for each patient, the resulting kinetic parameter values from the three DCE-CT scans were averaged together. Cu-ATSM SUVs were spatially correlated (r{sub spatial}) on a voxel-to-voxel basis against the following DCE-CT kinetic parameters: transit time (t{sub 1}), blood flow (F), vasculature fraction (v{sub 1}), and permeability (PS). In addition, whole-tumor comparisons were performed by correlating (r{sub ROI}) the mean Cu-ATSM SUV (SUV{sub mean}) with median kinetic parameter values. Results: The spatial correlations (r{sub spatial}) were poor and ranged from -0.04 to 0.21 for all kinetic parameters. These low spatial correlations may be due to high variability in the DCE-CT kinetic parameter voxel values between scans. In our hypothesis, t{sub 1} was expected to have a positive correlation, while F was expected to havemore » a negative correlation to hypoxia. However, in wholetumor analysis the opposite was found for both t{sub 1} (r{sub ROI} = -0.25) and F (r{sub ROI} = 0.56). PS and v{sub 1} may depict angiogenic responses to hypoxia and found positive correlations to Cu-ATSM SUV for PS (r{sub ROI} = 0.41), and v{sub 1} (r{sub ROI} = 0.57). Conclusion: Low spatial correlations were found between Cu-ATSM uptake and DCE-CT vasculature parameters, implying that poor perfusion is not associated with higher hypoxic regions. Across patients, the most hypoxic tumors tended to have higher blood flow values, which is contrary to our initial hypothesis. Funding: R01 CA136927.« less
The isentropic expansion energy of compressed and cryogenic hydrogen

Abstract Pressure is often perceived as the single most important parameter when considering the safety of a storage system, for example when calculating the pneumatic energy that could be released in the event of a sudden accidental failure (or burst energy). In this paper, we investigate the role of temperature as another degree of freedom for minimizing the burst energy. Results are first presented for ideal gases, for which the relationship between burst energy as a function of initial and final volumes, temperature and pressures can be expressed analytically. Similar analysis is then derived for the specific case of H2 using real gas equations of state. Assuming the expansion is isentropic, which holds for an adiabatic and sudden release as in a burst, it is shown that the energy released during a sudden burst is a weak function of pressure, revealing that the effect of increasing pressure is negligible beyond a certain value (∼100 bar); whereas the burst energy is a linear function of temperature. This suggests that temperature controls the burst energy in a much greater way. This analysis is carried out in the frame of onboard H2 storage systems, for which it is shown that the use of cryogenic temperature for hydrogen vehicles, where risks of collision and impact on the surroundings are high, appears as a safety feature since burst energy is up to 18 times less than room temperature, high pressure storage.
Aftermarket parts: Are they all they’re ‘cracked’ up to be?

This paper summarizes the results of a failure analysis investigation of a fractured main support bridge from an army helicopter. The part, manufactured by “Contractor IT,” failed component fatigue testing while those of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) passed. Even though the same technical data package was used by both manufacturers and there were no material discrepancies found, a great disparity existed in the fatigue test data. This has been a recurring problem within the Army and the intent of this paper is to provide some insight as to the technical reasons why this can occur. Emphasis will be placed on the effects of manufacturing processes on fatigue. Other failure analyses will be discussed in relationship to this topic.
Transcapillary escape rate and relative metabolic clearance of glycated and non-glycated albumin in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

The transcapillary escape rate and relative plasma disappearance of glycated and non-glycated albumin were measured in 25 male Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients using a double tracer technique. The patients were divided into three groups on the basis of their urinary albumin excretion: group 1, normal albumin excretion ( 300 mg/24 h) (n=8). Six male age-matched non-diabetic persons served as control subjects. The transcapillary escape rate of glycated albumin was similar in group 1 and control subjects (4.7±2.1 versus 5.1±1.7%), but significantly increased in group2 (7.0±1.7%,p<0.05) and in group 3 (7.9±3.1%,p<0.05). The transcapillary escape rate of glycated albumin was slightly lower than that of non-glycated albumin in all groups, but significant only in normal control subjects. No difference in the catabolic rate of glycated and non-glycated albumin was found. We conclude that the in vivo effects of glycation on the clearance and transcapillary passage of albumin are small and not likely to play any significant role in the development of late diabetic microvascular complications.
Continuous Production of Glucose from Dextrin by Glucoamylase Immobilized on Porous Silica

Glucoamylase was covalently attached to porous silica particles and investigated for its applicability as an industrial catalyst in the production of glucose from starch hydrolysates. Reactivity at various reaction conditions, as well as enzyme loading, reaction kinetics, diffusional effects, and thermal stability, were determined in laboratory scale experiments. Pilot scale tests on continuous production of glucose were performed in a 1 cubic foot packed column reactor that could produce approximately 1,000 lbs/d glucose at 40°C. The maximum glucose concentration (based on dissolved solids) varied from 87 to 93% depending on the dextrose equivalent (D.E.) and degree of retrogradation of the feed dextrin. In 80 days of continuous operation no appreciable enzyme deactivation was observed. Initial sterilization of the reactor and continuous heat sterilization of the feed stream (120°C, 3–4 min) virtually ensured operation of the immobilized enzyme reactor at low levels of contamination, typical bacteria counts of the product effluent being 30–50/ml. Occasional interruption of the system resulted in much higher levels of microorganisms but did not affect the overall enzyme reactivity.
Awareness of universal design among facility managers in Japan and the United States

This comparative study is based on two surveys conducted in Japan and the United States to understand how facility managers recognize and practice universal design in their workplaces, and to identify what factors are likely to facilitate or obstruct their practice. The results showed that, although many facility managers recognized the advantages of applying universal design, most organizations currently provided accessible workplaces merely within the scope of legal requirements, while few organizations achieved consistency between corporate mission and strategies, knowledge of facility managers, and the degree of workplace accessibility practices. US organizations and Japanese organizations showed different perceptions of the issue in terms of advantages of universal design based on differences in management style. The findings also suggest that an understanding of the issues by top management is key to promoting universal design practice.
Isoform-specific tethering links the Golgi ribbon to maintain compartmentalization

Homotypic membrane tethering by the Golgi reassembly and stacking proteins (GRASPs) is required for the lateral linkage of mammalian Golgi ministacks into a ribbon-like membrane network. Although GRASP65 and GRASP55 are specifically localized to cis and medial/trans cisternae, respectively, it is unknown whether each GRASP mediates cisternae-specific tethering and whether such specificity is necessary for Golgi compartmentalization. Here each GRASP was tagged with KillerRed (KR), expressed in HeLa cells, and inhibited by 1-min exposure to light. Significantly, inactivation of either GRASP unlinked the Golgi ribbon, and the immediate effect of GRASP65-KR inactivation was a loss of cis- rather than trans-Golgi integrity, whereas inactivation of GRASP55-KR first affected the trans- and not the cis-Golgi. Thus each GRASP appears to play a direct and cisternae-specific role in linking ministacks into a continuous membrane network. To test the consequence of loss of cisternae-specific tethering, we generated Golgi membranes with a single GRASP on all cisternae. Remarkably, the membranes exhibited the full connectivity of wild-type Golgi ribbons but were decompartmentalized and defective in glycan processing. Thus the GRASP isoforms specifically link analogous cisternae to ensure Golgi compartmentalization and proper processing.
Nonlinear model reduction using Space Vectors Clustering POD with application to the Burgers' equation

Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) fails to capture the nonlinear degrees of freedom in large scale highly nonlinear systems because it assumes that data belongs to a linear space. In this paper we develop a new method that makes POD more accurate in reducing the order of large scale nonlinear systems. The solution space is grouped into clusters where the behavior has significantly different features. Although the clustering idea is not new, it has been implemented only on snapshots clustering where a snapshot is the solution over the whole space at a particular time. We show that clustering the spatial domain into the same number of clusters is more efficient. We call it Space Vector Clustering (SVC) POD where a space vector is the solution over all times at a particular space location. This is consistent with the fact that for infinite dimensional systems described by partial differential equations (PDEs), the large number of states comes from the discretization of the spatial domain of the PDE, not the time domain. We apply our method to reduce a nonlinear convective PDE system governed by the Burgers' equation over 1D and 2D domains and show a significant improvement over conventional POD.
Ultrastructural observations on the acrosome of Lumbricus terrestris.

The mature acrosome in the sperm of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris , is one of the most complex ever reported. Details of the ultrastructure of the mature acrosome are described and results of experiments designed to digest protein from the acrosome are discussed.
Changes in weight in patients receiving a tranquilizing drug.

The aim of the investigation reported in this paper was to describe the weight changes occurring in the course of tranquilizing treatment, and to evaluate concomitant behavioral changes. Monthly weights of a group of chronic schizophrenics, taken during a control period immediately preceding the onset of medication, and during the months when patients received chlorpromazine, were compared. During the medication period, average weights showed a consistent increase. A significant relationship was established between weight increase and behavioral improvement. It is concluded that, most likely, an increased food intake, subsequent to the amelioration of mental symptoms, is the main cause of the weight gain. A brief historical review of observations and interpretations concerned with weight fluctuations in psychoses is given.
A YOUNG BOY'S REACTION TO THE DEATH OF HIS SISTER

My interest in describing the brief psychotherapeutic work with the little boy who is the patient in this case report has been stimulated by a number of recent publications on the topic of childrens' reactions to death. I refer here to the work of the group at The University of Michigan Medical School in Ann Arbor: Cain and Cain (1964); Cain, Fast, and Erickson (1964); Cain and Fast (1966a, 1966b); Fast and Cain (1966). Other recent papers include excellent clinical descriptions of individual children by Barnes (1964) and Furman (1964a, 1964b). Even more compelling for me, because of my personal involvement, was the work on a book by Moriarty (1967) to which I contributed a chapter (Rosenblatt, 1967). Several of my colleagues who also contributed to Moriarty's book had a similar reaction to my own: we all began to be more aware of the fact that death played a large part in the lives of many of our patients; that many of the patients had suffered losses of parents or siblings; and that the problem of psychopathology which resulted from, or is
Age-related prevalence of cardiac valvular abnormalities warranting infectious endocarditis prophylaxis

The goal of our study was to determine the prevalence of older patients with cardiac valvular abnormalities warranting endocarditis prophylaxis. We performed a retrospective analysis of 1,000 randomly selected echocardiograms (inpatients and outpatients) from our tertiary care institution. We found that the prevalence of valvular abnormalities increased significantly with age, and that 50% of patients ≥60 years of age warranted endocarditis prophylaxis using current guidelines. With the aging population of the United States and the negative consequences of widespread antibiotic prophylaxis, further investigation is needed to identify patients who are truly at risk for infectious endocarditis.
Optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio for the PELAN system

Abstract Pulsed elemental analysis with neutrons is a portable system for the detection of explosives, weighing less than 45 kg. It is based on the principle that explosives and other contraband contain various chemical elements such as H, C, N, O, etc. in quantities and ratios that differentiate them from other innocuous substances. Neutrons are produced with a pulsed 14 MeV (d-T) neutron generator. Separate gamma-ray spectra from fast neutron, thermal neutron and activation reactions are accumulated and analyzed to determine elemental content. Currently, a 7.6 cm×7.6 cm BGO detector is incorporated into the design. However, the high γ-ray efficiency of this detector has a drawback in that it detects γ-rays from the environment surrounding the object under interrogation. These γ-rays from the environment are essentially noise that must be filtered from the signal from the object under interrogation. Since there is no practical way to focus the neutrons, the signal-to-noise ratio of the detector must be modified. In the past 2 years, we have tried several approaches to solve this problem.
A Raman FEL at 2 mm wavelength

Abstract Recent results from the Columbia Raman FEL oscillator and amplifier are summarized. About 2 MW of power at 2 mm has been obtained from a constant period undulator oscillator, which is close to the theoretical maximum. Spectral data on the oscillator linewidth (≈ 1%) and dispersion are discussed, and compared with theory. Progress on the amplifier configuration, which uses the output from a NH3 molecular laser as a coherent source, is also summarized.
Being out to others: The relative importance of family support, identity and religion for LGBT latina/os

Contemporary accounts emphasize that family often plays a deleterious role in the lives of Latina/os who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT). Though there is a vast literature on the importance of family for Latina/os, little research examines how this may affect this LGBT population. Quantitative data analysis from a nationwide sample of LGBT Latina/os (N=1159) assesses the importance of family support in understanding how many people a person chooses to be “out” to, or “outness.” It also examines how a selection of demographic characteristics, attitudinal measures of identity and religion are related to being an out LGBT Latina/o today. Findings reveal that, when controlling for a variety of characteristics and measures, family support is the strongest, positive predictor of outness for LGBT Latina/os. Two other predictors include the belief that one’s sexual orientation is an important part of one’s identity and having a connection to the LGBT community. Interestingly, when compared to their adult counterparts, youth were not likely to be out to as many people in their lives; and being born outside of the United States was found to be a consistent, negative predictor of being out to others. The significance of these findings is discussed regarding future research and social movement organizing with LGBT Latina/o populations.
Formamide as a stabilizing solvent in the colorimetric determination of DOPA oxidation products.

Abstract A rapid colorimetric method was developed for measuring dark products of o -diphenol oxidation with or without phenol oxidase, in formamide solution. Unlike unstable alkali solutions, formamide solutions remain stable and clear for several hours. Formamide also inactivated the mushroom polyphenol oxidase used in the enzymic oxidation system. This method is suitable for the colorimetric study of rates of enzymic oxidation of o -diphenols because the formamide stops the enzyme action and results in a clear and stable solution convenient for measurement.
Height pairings for algebraic cycles

The purpose of this paper is to construct height pairings for algebraic cycles, generalizing the known cor:;truction for O-cycles and divisors. Let X be a smooth projective variety of dimension d defined over a number field k. For ps d, let M(X) (resp. AJX)) denote the group of algebraic cycles of codimension p (resp. dimension p) on X defined over k, cohomologous to 0 in @‘(Xk,Q,) (resp. H2d-2p) 9 taken modulo rational equivalence. We will be working with #‘(X)@Q, so questions of torsion will not arise and we may if we like consider rational equivalence on Xk. Ideally we would want a pairing
Formation of YbnBa2nCu3n+1Ox (n=3, 4) by oxidation of YbBaCuAg metallic precursors

Abstract New structural variations on the 1-2-3 type high-Tc superconducting phase have been identified in oxidized YbBaCuAg metallic precursors in which Yb2Ba4Cu7Ox (2-4-7) and Ag are the dominant phases. These new structures are generated by the placement of the copper oxide double layer in every three unit cells of the 1-2-3 structure yielding the chemical composition Yb3Ba6Cu10Ox or in every four unit cells yielding Yb4Ba8Cu13Ox. These discoveries lead to the conclusion that a large family of superconductors exists whose generic formula is RenBa2nCu3n+1Ox, where Re represents rare-earth elements and n is between 1 and ∞ (n=∞ generates the 1-2-3 phase).
New analytical tool for analysis of splice site sequence determinants

A new analytical method has been used to examine the set of 40 exon/intron boundaries within the rat embryonic myosin heavy chain (MHCemb) gene. It has also been applied to an additional set of 850 splice sequences selected from GenBank. Strong evidence is obtained for the involvement of 3' ends but not 5' ends of exon sequences in splice site recognition. It can be determined that signal sequences of 5' intron ends concentrate near the splice borders, while the distributions of the 3' intron ends have a diffuse character. The possibility of re-interpreting some known features, in terms of the absence of certain elements rather than the presence of elements forming sequence determinants, is discussed. The analysis undertaken enabled us to work out a more detailed set of recognition sequence requirements for the splicing of nuclear pre-mRNA. In addition to requirements which have already been established we suggest the following: the 'AG-absence' in the immediate 3' terminal intron sequences; and a minimal match between a particular sequence and the known exon/intron consensus sequence of 5' splice junctions.
On Nash Blowing-Up

Let X be an algebraic variety, reduced and equidimensional, over the base field k of characteristic zero. Let us consider a sequence of transformations $$ {X_0} = X\xleftarrow{{{\sigma _1}}}{X_1}\xleftarrow{{{\sigma _2}}}{X_2} \leftarrow \cdots $$ where \( {\sigma _i}:{X_i} \to {X_{i - 1}} \) for each \( i \geqslant 1 \) is (1) birational, i.e., proper and almost everywhere isomorphic, while X i is reduced and equidimensional, and (2) \( \sigma _i^*\left( {{\Omega _{{X_{i - 1}}}}} \right) \) /(its torsion) is locally free as \( {\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{O} _{Xi}} \) -module. Here Ω denotes the sheaf of Kahler differentials on the variety and the torsion means the subsheaf consisting of those local sections whose supports are nowhere dense.
Disparity in allosteric interactions of monastrol with Eg5 in the presence of ADP and ATP: a difference FT-IR investigation.

Eg5 is a kinesin-like motor protein required for mitotic progression in higher eukaryotes. It is thought to cross-link antiparallel microtubules, and provides a force required for the formation of a bipolar spindle. Monastrol causes the catastrophic collapse of the mitotic spindle through the allosteric inhibition of Eg5. Utilizing a truncated Eg5 protein, we employ difference infrared spectroscopy to probe structural changes that occur in the motor protein with monastrol in the presence of either ADP or ATP. Difference FT-IR spectra of Eg5−monastrol−nucleotide complexes demonstrate that there are triggered conformational changes corresponding to an interconversion of secondary structural elements in the motor upon interaction with nucleotides. Notably, conformational changes elicited in the presence of ADP are different from those in the presence of ATP. In Eg5−monastrol complexes, exchange of ADP is associated with a decrease in random structure and an increase in α-helical content. In contrast, formati...
A distributed and energy-efficient framework for Neyman-Pearson detection of fluctuating signals in large-scale sensor networks

To address the challenges inherent to a problem of practical interest - of Neyman-Pearson detection of fluctuating radar signals using wireless sensor networks, we propose in this paper a distributed and energy-efficient framework. Such framework is scalable with respect to the network size, and is able to greatly reduce the dependence on the central fusion center. It assumes a clustering infrastructure, and addresses signal processing and communications related issues arising from different layers. This framework includes a distributed scheduling protocol and a distributed routing protocol, which enable sensor nodes to make their own decisions about information transmissions, without requiring the knowledge of the network global information. In this framework, energy efficiency manifests itself at different network layers in a distributed fashion, and a balance between the detection performance and the energy efficiency is also attained.
Induction of nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation by Fe(II) in Dechloromonas sp. strain UWNR4 and Acidovorax sp. strain 2AN.

ABSTRACT We evaluated the inducibility of nitrate-dependent Fe(II)-EDTA oxidation (NDFO) in non-growth, chloramphenicol-amended, resting-cell suspensions of Dechloromonas sp. strain UWNR4 and Acidovorax sp. strain 2AN. Cells previously incubated with Fe(II)-EDTA oxidized ca. 6-fold more Fe(II)-EDTA than cells previously incubated with Fe(III)-EDTA. This is the first report of induction of NDFO by Fe(II).