cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Web Service and Interface for Remote Electronic Device Characterization

A lightweight Web Service and a Web site interface have been developed, which enable remote measurements of electronic devices as a “virtual laboratory” for undergraduate engineering classes. Using standard browsers without additional plugins (such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, or even Safari on an iPhone), remote users can control a Keithley source-measurement unit and monitor results in real time from anywhere on the Internet. As an in-class example, students in a solid-state electronics course used the Web site interface to make real-time transistor measurements. Recommendations are made on how to best integrate the interface into electronics classes based on the student assignment responses. The present interface is flexible and could be expanded to many other devices and instruments. The source code has been openly posted online.
A spatiotemporal scientometrics framework for exploring the citation impact of publications and scientists

The research field of scientometrics is concerned with measuring and analyzing science. In practice, this is often done by restricting the impact of publications, journals, and researchers to a mere frequency. However, scientific activities (co-publication, citation, labor mobility) display clear spatiotemporal patterns, and such patterns have rarely been considered in traditional scientometrics. In this work we focus on the study of citations and present a spatiotemporal scientometrics framework to measure the citation impact of research output by taking physical space, place, and time into account. Specifically, we use the statistics of categorical places (institutions, cities, and countries), spatiotemporal kernel density estimations, cartograms, distance distribution curves, and point-pattern analysis to identify spatiotemporal citation patterns. Moreover, we propose a series of s-indices, such as S_institution-index, S_city-index, and S_country-index to evaluate a scientist's impact as a complement to non-spatial citation indicators, e.g., h-index and g-index. In addition, we have developed an interactive web application which allows users to visually explore research topics, authors, publications, as well as the spread of citations through space and time. Our work offers insights on the role of location in scientific knowledge diffusion.
Physical mechanisms of the thermally driven cross‐basin circulation

The physical mechanisms responsible for the formation of a thermally driven cross-basin circulation in a basin with asymmetric heating of opposite mountain sidewalls are investigated. A large-eddy simulation is performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting model for an idealized basin based on the topography of Arizona's Meteor Crater. The individual components of the horizontal momentum and thermodynamic balance equations are analyzed to determine their respective contributions in forcing the cross-basin circulation. A cross-basin pressure gradient, with higher pressure on the less irradiated sidewall, leads to the development of a cross-basin flow near the basin floor. A weak opposing return flow develops above this cross-basin flow as a result of a reversed cross-basin pressure gradient. The reversed cross-basin pressure gradient is caused by cold-air advection by upslope winds in the stable morning atmosphere on the sunlit sidewall and warm-air advection by downslope winds on the still shaded sidewall, as this reverses the cross-basin temperature gradient, producing a higher temperature on the less sunlit sidewall.
Acute Retinal Pigment Epitheliitis

Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis is an infrequently described macular disorder of unknown cause that affects healthy young adults. Acute symptoms include either reduced visual acuity or central scotoma. Ophthalmoscopy discloses discrete pigment clumps with surrounding hypopigmented halos in the center of the macula. Inflammatory signs are mild or absent. The hypopigmented areas show transmission hyperfluorescence without leakage on fluorescein angiography. Symptoms subside spontaneously although retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) changes are usually permanent. Central serous choroidopathy, macular edema, or permanently decreased vision have not developed in any of the eight patients we have followed for up to 8 years. Accurate identification of retinal pigment epitheliitis as a specific clinical entity is important because of the good prognosis without treatment.
Everyday ethics in internal medicine resident clinic: an opportunity to teach

OBJECTIVES Being a good doctor requires competency in ethics. Accordingly, ethics education during residency training is important. We studied the everyday ethics-related issues (i.e. ordinary ethics issues commonly faced) that internal medical residents encounter in their out-patient clinic and determined whether teaching about these issues occurred during faculty preceptor–resident interactions.
Urban Maternity‐Roost Selection by Big Brown Bats in Colorado

Abstract Despite prevalent use of anthropogenic structures by bats and the associated implications for public health, management, and bat conservation, very little quantitative information exists about urban roost characteristics and their selection by bats. During the summers of 2001 to 2004 we conducted fieldwork in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, situated on the northern end of Colorado's Front Range, to address questions of roost selection by the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus). The city has experienced its greatest growth in the past half century, with its population increasing by 30% in the last decade. Similar growth in new buildings has occurred, with the number of new housing permits issued annually doubling in the past decade. We located 142 roosts using radiotelemetry or by citizen calls in response to a newspaper article and flyers. To determine characteristics of roost selectivity by bats, we compared variables for known maternity roosts and randomly selected buildings at microhabitat and lands...
TiO2 Nanosols Applied Directly on Textiles Using Different Purification Treatments

Self-cleaning applications using TiO2 coatings on various supporting media have been attracting increasing interest in recent years. This work discusses the issue of self-cleaning textile production on an industrial scale. A method for producing self-cleaning textiles starting from a commercial colloidal nanosuspension (nanosol) of TiO2 is described. Three different treatments were developed for purifying and neutralizing the commercial TiO2 nanosol: washing by ultrafiltration; purifying with an anion exchange resin; and neutralizing in an aqueous solution of ammonium bicarbonate. The different purified TiO2 nanosols were characterized in terms of particle size distribution (using dynamic light scattering), electrical conductivity, and ζ potential (using electrophoretic light scattering). The TiO2-coated textiles’ functional properties were judged on their photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB), used as a stain model. The photocatalytic performance of the differently treated TiO2-coated textiles was compared, revealing the advantages of purification with an anion exchange resin. The study demonstrated the feasibility of applying commercial TiO2 nanosol directly on textile surfaces, overcoming problems of existing methods that limit the industrial scalability of the process.
Dehydration of prostaglandins: study by spectroscopic method

The ultraviolet (UV) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) spectra of prostaglandins E(1), A(1), B(1), and their naturally derived 15-epimers are presented. The dehydration sequence E --> A --> B under acidic and basic conditions has been studied by UV and ORD. Conditions for quantitative conversion of PGE(1) to PGA(1) are described. The combination of ORD and UV affords a nondestructive assay which can determine the relative amounts of E-, A-, and B-type prostaglandins with as little as 1-2 micro g of material. The total quantity of prostaglandins can be estimated (+/-15%) in this way or, more accurately, by treatment with alkali of an aliquot (200 ng is sufficient) and determination of the change in absorbance at 278 nm.
2,5-Bis(5-bromo-2-thien­yl)thio­phene

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C12H6Br2S3, the mol­ecules are planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.06 A). Consecutive mol­ecules do not stack in a planar fashion. There is an angle of 81.7 (12)° between the planes of the closest mol­ecules.
Alarmingly Shallow: The effects of Internet on our culture, community, and social well being: A review of Nicholas Carr's The Shallows

In "The Shallows. What the Internet is doing to our Brains," Nicholas Carr investigates the various ways technology is becoming both enlightening and disturbingly influential in the learning, neurological, and decision-making ethos of the human race. He offers insights into side effects of the Internet on our ability to focus and think critically about the things we read, see, and discuss. This review challenges the notion that historical effects of the book and the Internet are disparate in nature, and argues for a more balanced approach to the way we view technology fitting into society and learning as we continue to change over time. In addition, the relationship between technology and higher education and the ways they are becoming more reliant upon one another for continued change and increased effectiveness is discussed.
Multiple Tune Jumps to Overcome Horizontal Depolarizing Resonances

Imperfection and vertical intrinsic depolarizing resonances have been overcome by the two partial Siberian snakes in the Alternative Gradient Synchrotron(AGS). The relatively weak but numerous horizontal resonances are the main source of polarization loss in the AGS. A pair of horizontal tune jump quads have been used to overcome these weak resonances. The locations of the two quads have to be chosen such that the disturbance to the beam optics is minimum. The emittance growth has to be mitigated for this method to work. In addition, this technique needs very accurate jump timing. Using two partial Siberian snakes, with vertical tune inside the spin tune gap and 80% polarization at AGS injection, polarized proton beam had reached 1.5 × 1011 proton per bunch with 65% polarization. With the tune jump timing optimized and emittance preserved, more than 70% polarization with 2 × 1011 protons per bunch has been achieved.
Using the thickness of graphene to template lateral subnanometer gaps between gold nanostructures.

This work demonstrates the use of single-layer graphene as a template for the formation of subnanometer plasmonic gaps using a scalable fabrication process called “nanoskiving.” These gaps are formed between parallel gold nanowires in a process that first produces three-layer thin films with the architecture gold/single-layer graphene/gold, and then sections the composite films with an ultramicrotome. The structures produced can be treated as two gold nanowires separated along their entire lengths by an atomically thin graphene nanoribbon. Oxygen plasma etches the sandwiched graphene to a finite depth; this action produces a subnanometer gap near the top surface of the junction between the wires that is capable of supporting highly confined optical fields. The confinement of light is confirmed by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements, which indicate that the enhancement of the electric field arises from the junction between the gold nanowires. These experiments demonstrate nanoskiving as a uniq...
Field trapping of threeEpinotia species with (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

Field survey of the geometrical isomers of 7,9-dodecadienyl alcohol, acetate, and aldehyde has resulted in attractants and inhibitors for three species of tortricid moths.Epinotia silvertoniensis and an undescribedEpinotia sp. were all attracted to (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate. AnotherEpinotia sp. was attracted to (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate and (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-ol. Electroantennogram data and inhibition patterns for one of theEpinotia sp. are also reported. In addition,E. criddleana was attracted to lures containing (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate.
Cholinesterase studies of a malathion-susceptible and a resistant strain of house flies.

Levels of thoracic cholinesterase in malathion-susceptible and in resistant Musca domestica L. were compared at the time of knockdown and in survivors following KD50 dosages of malathion (0.6 and 950 μg per insect, respectively). Thoracic cholinesterase of malathion-resistant flies was inhibited less at knockdown and in survivors than was cholinesterase of susceptible flies. In vivo recovery of phosphorylated cholinesterase was not apparent in survivor flies at 5 days. There was 110 shift in the acetylcholine concentration-cholinesterase activity curves for heads or thoraces of resistant flies as compared with those of susceptible flies. Consequently, a higher tolerance of cholinesterase to inhibition by acetylcholine is not a factor in the resistance of this strain of house flies to malathion.
Assessing Quantitative Changes in Intrinsic Thalamic Networks in Blast and Nonblast Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Mechanisms of Injury

In the global war on terror, the increased use of improvised explosive devices has resulted in increased incidence of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Diagnosing mTBI is both challenging and controversial due to heterogeneity of injury location, trauma intensity, transient symptoms, and absence of focal biomarkers on standard clinical imaging modalities. The goal of this study is to identify a brain biomarker that is sensitive to mTBI injury. Research suggests the thalamus may be sensitive to changes induced by mTBI. A significant number of connections to and from various brain regions converge at the thalamus. In addition, the thalamus is involved in information processing, integration, and regulation of specific behaviors and mood. In this study, changes in task-free thalamic networks as quantified by graph theory measures in mTBI blast (N = 186), mTBI nonblast (N = 80), and controls (N = 21) were compared. Results show that the blast mTBI group had significant hyper-connectivity compared with the controls and nonblast mTBI group. However, after controlling for post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), the blast mTBI group was not different from the controls, but the nonblast mTBI group showed significant hypo-connectivity. The results suggest that there are differences in the mechanisms of injury related to mTBI as reflected in the architecture of the thalamic networks. However, the effect of PTSS and its relationship to mTBI is difficult to distinguish and warrants more research.
Clinical Study of CPID by the Treatment of Clearing away Heat-Removing Damp & Promoting the Blood Circulation-Resolving Mass

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of CPID by the treatment of clearing away heat-removing damp promoting the blood circulation-resolving mass. Method Clinical evaluations were made on 60 patients suffering from CPID who were randomly divided into two groups averagely. Treatment group were given pelvic inflammatory granule and control group were treated with Fule granule. All patients were evaluated at syndrome integrals, physical sign integrals and B ultrasonography. Result There was significant statistical difference on integrated therapeutic effects, the score of syndrome integrals and physical sign integrals between two groups. Ultrasonic examination results of uterus boundary slur were improved in treatment group, and had significant statistical difference compared with control group. Conclusions The treatment of clearing away heat-removing damp prmoting the blood circulation-resolving mass is effective in treating CPID.
A Review of Self-Regulated Strategy Development for Writing for Students with EBD:

In this systematic review, we evaluated the evidence base of self-regulated strategy development (SRSD; Harris & Graham, 1992) for writing with students with and at risk for emotional or behavioral...
Truncated Newton's method for multiphase flow

A system of nonlinear transient partial differential equations coupled with nonlinear algebraic constitutive relationships are employed to model the flow of two immiscible fluids. A fully stable implicit time stepping and a spatial finite element discretization results in a large stiff nonlinear system of algebraic equations to be solved at each time step. The differential operators involved are self-adjoint, but the use of Newton-type solution methods requires the solution of a system of non-symmetric linear equations to calculate each Newton step. This paper describes an inexact solution to the problem of calculating the Newton step.
Cardiopulmonary Functional Status in Children with SCD at Baseline: Pulse Pressure As a Biomarker of Early Compromise

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic illness associated with varying degrees of decrease in exercise capacity. Affected children are as much as 50% less physically active than controls. The reasons for the reluctance of SCD children to participate in sports and/or intense physical activities are complex, not entirely understood and not well studied in this young population with chronic anemia. The six minute walk test (6MWT) is an exercise test, validated as screening tool for assessing cardiopulmonary functional status in several pediatric cohorts of healthy children and in children with chronic illnesses including SCD. This test is a submaximal exercise test and reflects the patient’s capacity to undertake daily activities. We have previously reported that children with SCD experience a decrease in oxy-hemoglobin oxygen saturation as determined by pulse oximetry after the test. Material and methods: We performed a prospective, multicenter study of cardiopulmonary function in 409 children with SCD (age 5-20 years) and 70 age and race matched controls as part of the PUSH study. Each subject was at steady state, at least three weeks from an acute exacerbation and/or a blood transfusion. Subjects and controls underwent echocardiogram, hematologic testing, and 6MWT according to standard protocols. 6MW distance was compared between SCD cases and controls by the student t-test. A linear regression model was developed to assess the independent predictors of 6MW in patients. Results: SCD patients had lower 6MW distance (p Conclusions: Our data confirm that under basal circumstances SCD children have lower exercise capacity than age and race matched controls in a large, prospective cohort. We identify low hemoglobin as a main determinant of exercise capacity, as measured by the 6MWT. We identify a subset of patients that exhibit early compromise of exercise ability, recognizable by a lesser than expected widening of pulse pressure (ie: increase in systolic BP) upon exercising. A possible explanation is that these children are already at maximum cardiopulmonary abilities at rest, and cannot meet the demands of even minimal exercise. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Involvement of Protein Kinases in Mitotic-Specific Events

Protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation has been implicated in the mechanism of cytological events distinctive of mitosis, namely nuclear membrane breakdown and chromosome condensation. Three specific proteins of the nuclear lamina, called lamins, become highly phosphorylated attendent to nuclear dissolution, and then are dephosphorylated as the nuclear membrane reforms (1). Concomitantly, histones become highly phosphorylated as chromosomes condense (2).
What Have Caused the Disorders in China's Market Economy? A Moral and Cultural Analysis Framework in Comparative Perspectives

Although more than thirty years’ development of market economy in China has led to the rapid growth of China’s economy, meanwhile there are nevertheless a lot of illegal phenomenon related to corporations’ infringement on consumers’ rights in the process of economic development, such as the incidents of ‘poisonous milk powder’ (毒奶粉) and ‘illegal cooking oil’ (地沟油). A series of phenomenon related to the economic transaction agents’ lack of reputation in the market economy in recent years have reflected the existence of serious deep-rooted moral crisis in the Chinese market economy. This paper argues that explaining the phenomenon of market economic disorder solely from the perspective of cultural determinism is not persuasive enough. This paper attempts to break through the established assumptions of existing cultural determinism and provides a more analytical and deeper framework to explain the negative phenomenon of Chinese market economy from the perspective of localization characterizing by the continuity in terms of the philosophical foundation and structural aspects between Maoist era and contemporary China after the opening-up policies in 1978. This theoretical framework includes three dimensions: (1) Macro level transformation of state ideology (2) The microscopic explanation of pendulum effect. (3) The transformation from rural society to modern contracting society. It is found that the lack of moral foundation in China’s market economy is the result of the combination of the elements of these three dimensions. .
Reaction Dynamics of Cyanohydrins with Hydrosulfide in Water

We studied the reaction dynamics of a proposed prebiotic reaction theoretically. The chemical process involves acetone cyanohydrin or formalcyanohydrin reacting with hydrosulfide in an aqueous environment. Rate constants and populations of reactant and product bimolecular geometric orientations for the reactions were obtained by using density functional theory for the energies, transition-state theory for the rates, and matrix exponentiation as well as the hybrid tau-leaping algorithm for the population dynamics. The role of including the solvent explicitly versus implicitly was also investigated. We found that adding explicit water or hydrogen sulfide molecules lowers the activation energy barrier and leads to a more efficient reaction pathway. In particular, hydrogen sulfide was a better proton donor. Finally, we studied the role of including more than one reactant and product bimolecular orientation geometry in the dynamics. Including all initial pathways, reactant to reactant, product to product, reactant to product, and product to reactant led to a larger reaction rate constant compared to the single minimum energy pathway approach. Overall, we found that most reactions which involve formalcyanohydrin occur more rapidly or at the same speed as reactions which involve acetone cyanohydrin at room temperature.
Studies on the reduction and re-formation of protein disulfide bonds.

The information contained in the amino acid sequence of a protein is linear, such as it is in DNA, but proteins function by virtue of the arrangement of their linear structure into a well-defined three-dimensional conformation. In this article, Anfinsen and Haber sought to determine how the two-dimensional data of DNA were translated into the three-dimensional information that was characteristic of globular proteins. This simple and elegant experiment was designed to determine what would happen when reduced, unfolded, and enzymatically inactive ribonuclease was allowed simply to refold in the presence of only neutral aqueous buffer and air. They found that most of the activity of the enzyme was regained.
Prolonged ambulatory pH monitoring in patients with persistent gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: testing while on therapy identifies the need for more aggressive anti-reflux therapy.

UNLABELLED Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who remain symptomatic despite receiving a moderate dose of a proton pump inhibitor need accurate assessment to determine who will respond to high doses of the drug or even need surgery. AIM To determine if prolonged ambulatory pH monitoring performed in patients with persistent symptoms potentially due to GERD while on therapy could predict which patients are likely to benefit from more aggressive anti-reflux therapy. METHODS Ambulatory pH studies were reviewed for 45 patients with continuing reflux-type symptoms while on 20 mg omeprazole b.i.d. Patients were separated by typical symptoms (heartburn) versus atypical symptoms (chest pain, asthma, hoarseness, cough, throat burning) and for degree of symptom association with episodes of reflux during pH monitoring (symptom index). Control of esophageal acid exposure by omeprazole was defined as distal esophageal pH < 4 < 1.6% total time. RESULTS Of these 45 patients, 14 (31%) had acid reflux that was not controlled by omeprazole 20 mg b.i.d. Thirty-six patients had atypical symptoms of GERD, and 10 of these patients had poorly controlled reflux. Of these 10 patients, only one patient responded to omeprazole 20 mg q.i.d. In the other nine patients, omeprazole at the higher dose controlled the reflux (documented by pH monitor), but symptoms persisted with poor association to reflux. Thus, only one out of 36 patients with atypical symptoms had subsequent improvement in symptoms. Nine patients had persistent, typical GERD symptoms, and five of these patients had poorly controlled GER. The three patients with good symptom correlation and poorly controlled reflux all responded to increased omeprazole whereas the two with poor symptom association did not. One patient with good control of reflux but good correlation of the remaining reflux to persistent symptoms also responded symptomatically to 80 mg of omeprazole. CONCLUSION By assessing symptom correlation to reflux episodes and control of reflux by therapy, ambulatory pH monitoring performed in patients with persistent symptoms potentially due to reflux while on therapy gives valuable information concerning further treatment strategies.
Balancing Supervision and Independence in Residency Training

Effective resident education balances supervision to ensure patient safety with independence to ensure the resident's professional growth; achieving this balance requires mutual trust.
Fetal abdominal circumference in the second trimester and prediction of small for gestational age at birth.

Background: Infants that are small for gestational age (SGA) at birth are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the antenatal prediction of SGA is suboptimal.Objectives: We ...
Hardcore Vient à Paris, 1983–1987

This chapter discusses how and why hardcore punk arrived in Paris (or the suburbs, at least) in the moment it did, citing the geography of Ile-de-France, the violent urban landscape of that era, and the cross-cultural meaning of the term hardcore” in punk music. We meet Heimat-Los, Kromozom 4, and other key players of the time.
ARID1A interacts with nonmuscle myosin IIA to regulate cancer cell motility.

e17036Background: ARID1A (BAF250A), a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancer. Here we report the discovery of a novel protei...
O efeito da frequência de feedback extrínseco do tipo conhecimento de resultado na aprendizagem do fundamento de finalização no futsal

Objetivo: o proposito do presente estudo foi comparar os efeitos de duas frequenciasde conhecimento de resultados (CR) na aprendizagem do fundamentode finalizacao no futsal. Metodo: dezesseis criancasde ambos os sexos foram divididas em dois grupos: um que recebeu feedback em todas as tentativas (100% CR) e outro que recebeu feedback a cada tres tentativas(33% CR). A tarefa constituiu em finalizar bola de futsal, com dois alvos nos cantos inferiores da goleira. A coleta de dados foi composta pela fase de aquisicao(5 blocos de 10 finalizacoes por sujeito) e de retencao (1 bloco de10 finalizacoes porsujeito). Resultados: o grupo 100% CR obteve media maior de pontuacao em ambas as fases, contudo, na fase de retencao, o grupo 33% CR obteve um ganho relativo maior que o outro. Consideracoes finais: entre as duas fases, a menor frequencia de feedback nao parece interferir negativamente na aprendizagem desta habilidade.
The hidden politics of climate engineering

Governments disagree even on the current state of climate change engineering governance, as became clear at the 2019 United Nations Environment Assembly negotiations. They must develop mechanisms to provide policy-relevant knowledge, clarify uncertainties and head off potential distributional impacts.
Plastic leaf morphology in three species of Quercus: The more exposed leaves are smaller, more lobated and denser

Phenotypic plasticity and developmental instability in leaf traits are common in oak species but the role of environmental factors is not well understood. To decipher possible correlations between different leaf traits and effects of the position of leaves within the tree canopy, we quantified the plasticity of three leaf traits of 30 trees of Quercus alba L., Quercus palustris Muench and Quercus velutina Lam. We hypothesized that trees could modify the shape of their leaves for better adaptation to the variable microclimate within the canopy. Our results demonstrated that the south and north outer leaves were significantly smaller, more lobed and denser than those situated in the inner canopy. The order of leaves on the branch accounted for the plasticity of leaf traits in Q. alba only. Plasticity of lobing in Q. alba and Q. velutina depended on the height of the trees. We detected fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in all three species, but the source of variation depended on branch position in Q. velutina only. FA was more pronounced in north‐facing leaves. Plasticity of the leaf traits ranged from small to medium. Plasticity of leaf area and leaf mass per area (LMA) depended on the branch position. However, the plasticity of lobation was not affected by the location of a branch within the tree canopy. Quercus alba and Q. palustris had similar plastic responses but the plasticity of Q. velutina was significantly smaller. We concluded that individual plants detect and cope with environmental stress through vegetative organ modification.
Supply of Certified Applied Behavior Analysts in the United States: Implications for Service Delivery for Children With Autism

Objective:The rising prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) underscores the importance of access to evidence-based interventions such as applied behavior analysis (ABA). Anecdotal evidence su...
On the production, mechanical and electro-optic properties of large-area monolayer graphene films using Langmuir-Blodgett technique

We managed to produce truly transparent conductive monolayer graphene films using commercially available graphene nano-flakes by utilizing the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The monolayer films could only be produced under specific solution concentration, sonication time, and evaporation conditions. The described method eliminates the need for intermediate processing steps, such as adding surfactant or annealing during the process. Film structure is characterized using scanning tunneling microscopy and high-resolution electron transmission microscopy. Mechanical characterization shows that the film exhibits a nonlinear stress-strain curve with a strain stiffening behavior in agreement with previous theoretical predictions. Film stiffness ranges between 40 and 80 MPa. The produced monolayer graphene films exhibit full transparency in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 1100 nm, and an excellent electrical conductivity ~104 S/cm which is comparable to the transferred films produced by CVD, and comparable to that of ITO coating. These films have great potential applications in many different fields including transparent electrodes, sensor, optoelectronic devices and photovoltaics.
Democratizing innovation through grass-roots entrepreneurship: lessons from efforts to address the opioid epidemic in the United States

The nationwide opioid epidemic has substantially impacted economically-depressed regions in the USA. Eastern Appalachia has some of the lowest socioeconomic indicators in the USA and has suffered the highest rate of opioid-related fatality in 2016. Despite devoting considerable federal and state resources towards public health initiatives, the region continued to experience one of the highest death rates and sought alternative approaches to address the opioid crisis. Here, we describe a community-based co-creation initiative that convened diverse sectors and utilised design thinking principles to generate sustainable public health ventures towards addressing the opioid crisis. Participants of diverse backgrounds came together to attack key challenges and developed and implemented solutions, including a mobile application for naloxone delivery and exercise programs for high schools to promote healthy habits. Grassroots innovation efforts catalysed by the event strengthened community engagement and facilitated a sense of agency among participants. Through specific examples of initiatives that were launched, we provide evidence to encourage and highlight the value of healthcare innovation efforts in low-resource settings.
On the spatial decorrelation of stochastic solar resource variability at long timescales

Abstract Understanding the spatial and temporal characteristics of solar resource variability is important because it helps inform the discussion surrounding the merits of geographic dispersion and subsequent electrical interconnection of photovoltaics as part of a portfolio of future solutions for coping with this variability. Unpredictable resource variability arising from the stochastic nature of meteorological phenomena (from the passage of clouds to the movement of weather systems) is of most concern for achieving high PV penetration because unlike the passage of seasons or the shift from day to night, the uncertainty makes planning a challenge. A suitable proxy for unpredictable solar resource variability at any given location is the series of variations in the clearness index from one time period to the next because the clearness index is largely independent of the predictable influence of solar geometry. At timescales shorter than one day, the correlation between these variations in clearness index at pairs of distinct geographic locations decreases with spatial extent and with timescale. As the aggregate variability across N decorrelated locations decreases as 1/ √ N , identifying the distance required to achieve this decorrelation is critical to quantifying the expected reduction in variability from geographic dispersion. Using 10 years of satellite-derived daily-interval solar resource data across the world, we demonstrate that the spatiotemporal behavior of unpredictable solar resource variability is mirrored at longer timescales. We do so by examining over 1.4 million unique pairs of sites across the Western hemisphere and quantifying the influence each pair’s geographic separation and bearing has on the correlation between the variability of each pair’s clearness indices at timescales of one, two, four, seven, fifteen and thirty days. Expected pair-decorrelation distances are estimated by fitting exponential trends to the data using nonlinear least-squares regression and are presented as a function of timescale and pair orientation. Reflecting the predominant direction in which meteorological phenomena propagate at each of these timescales, we find that pairs of sites require considerably shorter distances to decorrelate when they are oriented north to south versus when they are oriented east to west. As at shorter timescales, these decorrelation distances are shown to increase with both timescale and with geographic extent.
Inoculation of Owl Monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) with 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and Herpesvirus saimiri. Induction of Epidermoid Carcinoma in the Lung

An experiment was designed to determine whether the owl monkey is an appropriate animal model for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 11 owl monkeys received a single IT inoculation of 170 mg DMBA. 4 weeks later, 6 treated and 6 untreated monkeys were given HVS by IT or IM routes. All but 1 HVS-infected animal died of malignant lymphoma. The mean survival time of IT-inoculated monkeys was longer than for IM-inoculated monkeys. Pretreatment with DMBA significantly increased the survival time of HVS-infected monkeys. DMBA produced nonspecific focal necrotizing bronchopneumonia in the lung, and large amounts of it were detectable throughout the experiment.
Empiric Antibacterial Therapy and Community-onset Bacterial Coinfection in Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Multi-hospital Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Antibacterials may be initiated out of concern for bacterial co-infection in patients with COVID-19. We determined prevalence and predictors of empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial co-infections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS: Randomly sampled cohort of 1705 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in 38 Michigan hospitals between 3/13/2020-6/18/2020. Data were collected on early (prescribed within 2 days of hospitalization) empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial co-infections (positive culture or diagnostic test within 3 days). Poisson generalized estimating equation models were used to assess predictors of empiric antibacterial use. RESULTS: Of 1705 patients with COVID-19, 56.6% were prescribed early empiric antibacterial therapy; 3.5% (59/1705) had a confirmed community-onset bacterial infection. Across hospitals, early empiric antibacterial use varied from 27%-84%. Patients were more likely to receive early empiric antibacterial therapy if they were older (adjusted rate ratio [ARR]: 1.04 [1.00-1.08] per 10 years), had a lower body mass index (ARR: 0.99 [0.99-1.00] per kg/m 2), had more severe illness (e.g., severe sepsis, ARR: 1.16 [1.07-1.27]), had a lobar infiltrate (ARR: 1.21 [1.04-1.42]), or were admitted to a for-profit hospital (ARR: 1.30 [1.15-1.47]). Over time, COVID-19 test turnaround time (returned ≤1 day in March [54.2%, 461/850] vs. in April [85.2%, 628/737], P<.001) and empiric antibacterial use (ARR: 0.71 [0.63-0.81] April vs. March) decreased. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of confirmed community-onset bacterial co-infections was low. Despite this, half of patients received early empiric antibacterial therapy. Antibacterial use varied widely by hospital. Reducing COVID-19 test turnaround time and supporting stewardship could improve antibacterial use.
Spatial Data and (De)colonization: Incorporating Indigenous Data Sovereignty Principles into Cartographic Research

This article asks how a better understanding of Indigenous cultures as inherently scientifically rigorous can change how academic researchers do work in Indigenous communities, and how non-Indigeno...
Laser-stimulated synthesis of large fractal silver nanoaggregates

A laser-stimulated synthesis of large silver nanoaggregates consisting of hundreds or thousands of nanoparticles is investigated. It is shown that the morphology of the synthesized nanostructures can be controlled with light and monitored via the evolution of the colloid absorption spectra. A method is demonstrated that enables production of a significant number of metal nanoaggregates, which are of paramount importance for the subwavelength concentration of electromagnetic fields and the dramatic enhancement of nanoscale electromagnetically driven processes.
PM-Scl and Th/To in systemic sclerosis: a comparison of different autoantibody assays.

To compare test characteristics of the Euroimmun line blot assay with other assays for two uncommon autoantibody specificities in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Patients from the Johns Hopkins Scleroderma Center were assayed routinely using the Euroimmun platform. Patients positive for anti-Th/To (N = 73) and anti-PM-Scl (PM75 and/or PM100; N = 290) by Euroimmun were compared with SSc patients negative for these autoantibodies. For Th/To antibodies, the comparison assay was immunoprecipitation (IP), performed using 4 Th/To complex components: POP1, RPP40, RPP30, and RPP25. For anti-PM-Scl, IPs were performed with PM100 and PM75. Different Euroimmun cut-offs for assigning antibody positive status (≥ 15/+, ≥ 36/++, ≥ 71/+++) were examined. Kappa statistics were calculated to determine agreement between assays. The best performing thresholds for defining anti-PM-Scl positivity were both PM75 and PM100 ≥ 15/+ on Euroimmun, corresponding to a kappa statistic of 0.79, sensitivity 72% and specificity 100%. For anti-Th/To, kappa values were lower for all comparisons (κ < 0.5). Given the high sensitivity of defining anti-Th/To by ≥ 15/+ (91–95%), a potential approach is to use Euroimmun screening (15/+ cut-off), followed by confirmatory IP. Given the increasing utilization of Euroimmun and the importance of comparing data across cohorts, continued use of this platform is warranted, acknowledging discordance with IP for some specificities. For these, using a two-step approach (Euroimmun to maximize sensitivity, confirmatory assay to increase specificity) is suggested.
An Inequality for Bayesian Bregman Risks With Applications in Directional Estimation

An inequality connecting the Bayesian Bregman risk, the Kullback-Leibler divergence and distributions from the exponential family is derived. The inequality has applications in directional and robust estimation and can provide universal lower bounds on Bregman risks. Its usefulness is illustrated using the example of estimation in Poisson noise with a logarithmic cost function.
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from manure storage facilities at two free-stall dairies

Abstract Manure management by dairies is estimated to account for 6% of the greenhouse gas warming potential of all agricultural emissions in the USA. Emissions methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured from manure storage facilities at two Midwestern dairies (an Indiana lagoon and two Wisconsin basins). The CH4 concentrations were measured using photoacoustic infrared absorption spectroscopy and flame ionization gas chromatography. The CO2 concentrations were measured using photoacoustic infrared absorption spectroscopy and non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy. Emissions were estimated using a backward Lagrangian Stochastic model with on-site turbulence measurements. The WI basins emitted more CH4 and CO2 than the waste lagoon in IN on an animal basis. Peak emissions were episodic. Mean daily CH4 emissions during the fall (October) from the WI basins and IN lagoon were 295 g hd−1 d−1 (374 g AU−1 d−1) and 47 g hd−1 d−1 (59 g AU−1 d−1), respectively. Mean CO2 emissions during the fall were 575 g hd−1 d−1 (374 g AU−1 d−1) from the WI basins (October) and 107 g hd−1 d−1 (135 g AU−1 d−1) from the IN lagoon (September). Emissions were not resolvable (approximately emissions MDL) when the storage area surface was frozen. Methane emissions contributed eight–ten times the radiative warming potential of CO2 (animal basis) at both dairies. Mean daily CO2-equivalent emissions from the WI basins (IN lagoon) ranged from highs of 7.9 kg CO2-e hd−1 d−1 in October (2.6 kg CO2-e hd−1 d−1 in September) to lows of 1.6 kg CO2-e hd−1 d−1 (0.4 kg CO2-e hd−1 d−1) in December through January. Air temperature was correlated with CH4 and CO2 emissions at the WI basin but not the IN lagoon. Wind speed was weakly correlated with CH4 emissions (but not CO2 emissions) at both dairies. While weather conditions were similar, the separation of solids prior to storage contributed to lower CH4 and CO2 emissions and lower greenhouse warming potential per animal. Cooler climatic conditions decreased CH4 and CO2 emissions as well as decreasing the mass ratio of CH4–CO2 emissions.
Influence of lignin on digestibility of forage cell wall material.

One-hundred-ninety-four grass samples, representing eight species, were used to determine the relationships of in vitro forage dry matter, cell wall, hemicellulose and cellulose digestibilities with lignin concentration. Linear regressions indicated that dry matter digestion was inhibited to a lesser degree (P less than .05) by lignin concentration than was cell wall digestion. Results for linear regressions of hemicellulose and cellulose digestibilities as functions of lignin concentration showed a greater (P less than .05) effect of lignin on cellulose digestion. Smooth bromegrass and switchgrass were collected at both Clay Center and Mead, NE; for all digestibility measures, the Clay Center samples gave stronger (P less than .05) negative correlations with lignin. A comparison of linear and curvilinear models indicated that, for all digestion measurements, the curvilinear model was a better (P less than .05) description of relationships with lignin concentration. For all digestibility measures, lignin's inhibiting effect declined at higher lignin concentrations. The curvilinear models did not show significant differences among the digestibility measures for effect of lignin. The demonstration that the forage digestibility response to lignin's inhibitory effect is curvilinear in nature suggests that the mechanism of lignin's inhibition is complex.
Aufbau und Konstruktion moderner Antriebe für die chemische Industrie

Aufgabe und Bedeutung der Zahnradgetriebe im chemischen Apparatebau — Ausfuhrungsformen, deren Vorteile und Anwendungsbereich (Schneckengetriebe, Stirnradgetriebe, Kegelgetriebe und stufenlose Flussigkeitsgetriebe).
Suppression of nocturnal acid secretion with famotidine accelerates gastric ulcer healing

Although nocturnal acid secretion has been emphasized in the pathophysiology and treatment of duodenal ulcer, its importance in gastric ulcer disease has been questioned. To explore this area, this multicenter U.S. trial compared the effect of a once-daily nighttime dose of H2-receptor antagonist with placebo on the healing of gastric ulcer and relief of associated symptoms. One hundred fifty-seven patients with endoscopically verified benign gastric ulcers were randomized in a double-blind fashion to either famotidine (40 mg at bedtime) or placebo. Antacid tablets were allowed as needed. The healing rates for famotidine were 45%, 66%, and 78% at weeks 4, 6, and 8, respectively. In comparison, placebo healing rates were 39%, 44%, and 64%. These differences were statistically significant in favor of famotidine at weeks 6 (p less than or equal to 0.01) and 8 (p less than or equal to 0.05), as well as in a life-table analysis (p less than or equal to 0.05). Nocturnal famotidine was also significantly better than placebo with respect to time to complete relief of pain and to the percentage of patients with complete relief of pain. No concomitant factor (including ulcer size, ulcer location, smoking history, or regular alcohol use) affected healing rates in this study. Famotidine was well-tolerated and no serious clinical or laboratory adverse effects were judged to be related to this dosing regimen of famotidine. In conclusion, suppression of nocturnal acid secretion with famotidine (40 mg at bedtime) was more effective than placebo in promoting the healing of acute benign gastric ulcer and its associated symptoms. The results of this study suggest that suppression of nocturnal acid secretion alone is as effective as "around the clock" acid suppression in the healing of benign gastric ulcer.
Issues in the Study of Graph Embeddings

We discuss a number of problem areas that are basic to any computation-motivated study of graph embeddings and their costs; and we illustrate each topic with one or two recent results in that area. Included among the discussed areas are: similarity of families of graphs, generic families of graphs, and tradeoffs among the costs of an embedding.