cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Renormalized Operators and Collective Particle-Hole Excitations in Ca40

Collective particle-hole excitations in Ca40 are calculated with Sussex matrix elements in Tamm-Dancoff approximation. Calculations are done both with bare and renormalized operators. Renormalization is accomplished by including core polarization effects and ground state correlations by perturbation in both the two-body interaction and transition moments. The results are similar to those obtained in random-phase approximation by using forces which contain core polarization screening.
Strangers on Familiar Soil: Rediscovering the Chile-California Connection. Yale Agrarian Studies Series. By Edward Dallam Melillo.

Strangers on Familiar Soil: Rediscovering the Chile-California Connection. Yale Agrarian Studies Series. By Edward Dallam Melillo. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015. xix + 325 pp. Illustrations, maps, chart, notes, bibliography, index. $40.00.) Turning his gaze on a relatively understudied corner of the Pacific World—the relationship between Chile and California—Edward Dallam Melillo expresses his intention to “avoid producing ‘contributionist’ history” (p. 11). Yet, reflecting on the work, it is impossible to avoid thinking of the word contribution . Pacific histories have examined the transoceanic movement of people, biota, and ideas between Northeast Asia and the western coast of North America, Australia, and Oceania, and Melillo’s book forges an important link in the circum-Pacific chain. He shows how two geographically distant places were … tvenit{at}cmc.edu
Modeling Right-Turn Blockage and Approach Capacity at Signalized Intersections with Channelized Right-Turn Lanes

AbstractRight-turn channelization is used to improve the capacity at busy intersections with a lot of right-turns. However, under heavy traffic conditions the through lane vehicles might backup and...
High absorption long wave infrared superlattices using metamorphic buffers

The narrow band gap and staggered band alignment of InAsSb alloys make it possible to engineer type-II superlattices (T2SLs) for mid-wave and long-wave (LW) infrared sensors operating in the 3–12 μm range. However, InAs/InAsSb T2SLs that are strain balanced to the underlying GaSb substrate have much lower absorption coefficients for LWIR operation because of the larger superlattice (SL) period, leading to reduced electron-hole overlap. The absorption coefficient of T2SLs can be greatly improved by growing on metamorphic buffers (MBs) with reduced lattice mismatch to the InAsSb layers, which allows the SL period to be reduced. For this study, MBs were capped with InAs/InAsSb T2SLs to assess the suitability of the materials for detector applications by X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence lifetime measurements. We show that the absorption of T2SLs can be significantly increased with no apparent degradation in the minority-carrier lifetime.
MagicSox: An E-Textile IoT System to Quantify Gait Abnormalities

Abstract The global society is increasingly facing the challenges that reduce mobility, quality of life, and independence. Gait disorders are often both a result of, and predictor of further issues, tied to the 15 million stroke patients annually world-wide. These individuals face a number of gait abnormalities including drop foot that is a pathological condition, limiting patients' ability to lift the foot from the ground during the swing phase of walking. In this research work, we introduce a novel smart textile system, MagicSox that is woven with multiple sensors distributed over the surface of the foot. The overarching goal of MagicSox is to quantify the gait abnormalities in remote settings such as patients' homes so that clinicians and physical therapists can assess their patients on daily basis. The paper provides a detailed architecture of MagicSox that leverages the computing and communication capabilities of a modern Internet of Things (IoT) processor, the Intel Curie. We have developed an Android smart phone app that uses Bluetooth low energy (BLE) and automates the multi-sensor data collection from MagicSox. In terms of signal processing of wearable sensor data, we adopted multiplication of backward differences (MOBD) to analyze the multi-modal time series data to distinguish drop foot events from normal walking cycles. We pursued a usability study on 12 healthy participants who were asked to walk normally and also to simulate drop foot cycles. We developed support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to analyze the data. The classification resulted in the accuracy of drop foot detection varying from 73.38 % − 99.02 % . The promising results now encourage us to evaluate MagicSox on stroke patients in future studies.
Authentic Learning and the Research Processes of Gifted Students.

This study utilizes qualitative research methods (observations, interviews, and analysis of written documents) to investigate the research processes of ten gifted students who participated in independent research projects. Research stages dealing with exploring and forming a focus presented the most difficulty for the students. The three students who were able to establish a clear focus were the only ones who demonstrated all aspects of authentic learning. An additional research question deals with the types of resources used by the students. Books and videocassettes were the primary sources used by the students. All students were highly dependent on the teacher as a source of information. The researcher points out the absence of collaboration between the teacher, the school librarian, and the public librarian. The researcher also calls for the examination of cooperative learning, intervention, required assignment deadlines, and the format of products as each of these relate to independent research projects.
Multiple Sclerosis Fatigue: A Longitudinal Structural MRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

Background and purpose Previous cross-sectional studies have reported the involvement of thalamus, pallidum, superior cerebellar peduncle, temporal cortex, and fronto-parietal white matter in multiple sclerosis (MS)-related fatigue. However, the longitudinal imaging correlates of fatigue severity variation in MS remain unclear. Methods Structural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected from 43 relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients with fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS] range: 1-7). Subcortical nuclei volume using FreeSurfer and cortical diffusion indices using a cross-modality technique were measured at baseline and year 1. Results The pallidal volume had significantly decreased (P = .002) by year 1, although the fatigue score variation was not significant. At year 1, the pallidal volume (P = .023) and fractional anisotropy (FA, P = .013) of right temporal cortex (RTC) correlated significantly with FSS. Conclusions The pallidal volume and the FA-RTC may be used to evaluate longitudinal fatigue severity variation. Our study proposes new biomarkers to monitor fatigue severity in MS patients.
Intraoperative and early postoperative outcomes in post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy using validated grading classifications.

535Background: Post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (PC-RPLND) is an integral treatment modality in the management of advanced germ cell tumors. We sought to define the complication pr...
Disability-Related Disparities in Access to Health Care Before (2008–2010) and After (2015–2017) the Affordable Care Act

Objectives. To explore the effect of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on disparities in access to health care based on disability status, as well as age, income, race, and ethnicity.Methods. In this s...
Applications and requirements of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) for construction safety

Abstract The unmanned aerial system (UAS), as an emerging technology that can be used as a vehicle in a variety of settings, has the potential to strongly affect safety performance. UASs can move faster than humans into inaccessible, hard-to-reach, and unsafe areas of jobsites and can be equipped with various types of sensors to transfer valuable data to safety managers and assist with onsite safety monitoring. UASs can improve safety performance in general; however, little is known about safety managers’ perceptions regarding specific safety operations or hazardous situations that can be improved through UAS use. Prompted by the growing interest in industry and academia to better understand safety managers’ opinions on using UASs in various safety-related operations, a survey study was conducted to determine (1) the effectiveness and frequency of using UASs in improving safety operations or hazardous situations, (2) ideal UAS technical features, and (3) enablers and barriers for using UASs to monitor and control onsite construction activities. The results indicated that the most important safety activities that can be improved using UASs were monitoring boom vehicles or cranes in the proximity of overhead power lines, monitoring activities in the proximity of boom vehicles or cranes, and monitoring unprotected edges or openings. In terms of the UAS technical features required for safety inspection applications, the most important features were camera movability, sense-and-avoid capability, and a real-time video communications feed. Liability and legal concerns and safety challenges were rated as the most important barriers to using UASs for construction safety applications.
Sexual risk behaviors in the internet age: the case of Chinese men who have sex with men.

ABSTRACTThis cross-sectional study examined a sample of sexually active Chinese MSM recruited online (N = 403) to determine the associations of MSM social life (both online and in-person) and sexua...
Intracerebral Hemorrhage Following Carotid Endarterectomy

Intracerebral hemorrhage occurred following carotid endarterectomy for acute minor stroke. Prior to carotid endarterectomy, MRI of the brain showed infarct in the distribution of the left middle cerebral artery involving insula of the brain.
Universal linguistic inductive biases via meta-learning

How do learners acquire languages from the limited data available to them? This process must involve some inductive biases - factors that affect how a learner generalizes - but it is unclear which inductive biases can explain observed patterns in language acquisition. To facilitate computational modeling aimed at addressing this question, we introduce a framework for giving particular linguistic inductive biases to a neural network model; such a model can then be used to empirically explore the effects of those inductive biases. This framework disentangles universal inductive biases, which are encoded in the initial values of a neural network's parameters, from non-universal factors, which the neural network must learn from data in a given language. The initial state that encodes the inductive biases is found with meta-learning, a technique through which a model discovers how to acquire new languages more easily via exposure to many possible languages. By controlling the properties of the languages that are used during meta-learning, we can control the inductive biases that meta-learning imparts. We demonstrate this framework with a case study based on syllable structure. First, we specify the inductive biases that we intend to give our model, and then we translate those inductive biases into a space of languages from which a model can meta-learn. Finally, using existing analysis techniques, we verify that our approach has imparted the linguistic inductive biases that it was intended to impart.
The Aquatic Neuropterida of Iowa

The fauna of aquatic Neuropterida of Iowa is documented. We list one species of dobsonfly, three species of fishflies, four alderflies (Megaloptera), and two spongillaflies (Neuroptera). New Iowa distributional records are reported for Protosialis americana (Rambur), Sialis joppa Ross, Sialis mohri Ross, Nigronia serricornis (Say), Climacia areolaris (Hagen), and Sisyra vicaria (Walker).
The Irrationality of Adaptive Preferences: A Psychological and Semantic Account

There is little agreement among moral and political philosophers when it comes to determining what it is that makes adaptive preferences problematic. The large number of competing explanations offered by philosophers illustrates the absence of any consensus. The most prominent versions of these explanations have recently come under attack by Dale Dorsey, who argues that adaptive preferences are a red herring: the problematic nature of adaptive preferences is not explained by the fact of adaptation but by an appeal to some other normative consideration. In this article I offer an account of adaptive preferences that both accommodates the thought that only some of our adaptive preferences are problematic and responds to the skeptical challenge pressed by Dorsey. I argue that some adaptive preferences are prima facie irrational as they exhibit a peculiar error in reasoning where individuals change the semantic content of the reasons underpinning the new preference.
Is India's Economic Growth Leaving the Poor Behind?

There has been much debate about how much India's poor have shared in the economic growth unleashed by economic reforms in the 1990s. Datt and Ravallion argue that India has probably maintained its 1980s rate of poverty reduction in the 1990s. However, there is considerable diversity in performance across states. This holds some important clues for understanding why economic growth has not done more for India's poor. India's economic growth in the 1990s has not been occurring in the states where it would have the most impact on poverty nationally. If not for the sectoral and geographic imbalance of growth, the national rate of growth would have generated a rate of poverty reduction that was double India's historical trend rate. States with relatively low levels of initial rural development and human capital development were not well-suited to reduce poverty in response to economic growth. The study's results are consistent with the view that achieving higher aggregate economic growth is only one element of an effective strategy for poverty reduction in India. The sectoral and geographic composition of growth is also important, as is the need to redress existing inequalities in human resource development and between rural and urban areas. This paper - a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the department to better understand the relationship between economic growth and poverty.
Survey Compliance and the Distribution of Income

While it is improbable that households with different incomes are equally likely to participate in sample surveys, the lack of data for nonrespondents has hindered efforts to correct for the bias in measures of poverty and inequality. Mistiaen and Ravallion demonstrate how the latent income effect on survey compliance can be estimated using readily available data on response rates across geographic areas. An application using the Current Population Survey for the United States indicates that compliance falls as income rises. Correcting for selective compliance appreciably increases mean income and inequality, but has only a small impact on poverty incidence up to commonly used poverty lines in the United States. This paper - a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to develop better methods of measuring poverty and inequality from survey data.
Can Conversational Agents Change the Way Children Talk to People

Millions of children now use conversational agents (CAs), leading researchers and the public alike to ask how interactions with these devices might shape children’s communication with people. We conducted a single-session observational lab study with 22 five-to-ten-year-old children as a step toward understanding whether and how children might transfer a linguistic routine they learned from a CA to a conversation with another person. We found that 68% of children spontaneously used this routine in a conversation with their parent in the lab, and 55% continued to use it at home. When addressing parents, children infused the routine with warmth and playfulness that they did not use when addressing the CA, adapting it to suit their relationship with their parent. However, only 18% of children used it in conversation with an unfamiliar researcher, where they instead were more likely to follow conventional conversational norms. These findings suggest children are quick to learn linguistic routines from CAs but use social differentiation when they apply them. Children’s willingness to expand on and share the routine with their parent is consistent with the principles of the Joint Media Engagement (JME) framework and suggests CAs may be a productive medium for creating JME experiences.
A National Survey of Breast Surgeons and Radiation Oncologists on Contemporary Axillary Management in Mastectomy Patients.

Management of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer has undergone significant change over the past decade through landmark clinical trials. This study aimed to assess national practice patterns in axillary management in patients undergoing upfront mastectomy and examines what guides provider recommendations. A national case-based survey study was performed of surgeons and radiation oncologists from July to August 2020. Surgeons were identified through the American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS) after review and approval by the ASBrS Research Committee, and radiation oncologists were identified through an institutional database. Both descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed. Overall, 994 providers responded—680 surgeons and 314 radiation oncologists. Surgeons were older and in practice longer (p 30% of surgeons recommended ALND, while radiation oncologists recommend axillary radiotherapy over axillary clearance (p < 0.001). There is significant heterogeneity in the management of the axilla in mastectomy patients with pathologically positive SLNs, both between and among surgeons and radiation oncologists. Efforts should be made to assist both groups in identifying de-escalation opportunities to ensure that mastectomy patients with positive SLNs are treated appropriately.
Multistatic Localization in Partially Dynamic Scenario With Only Sensor Positions Available

This article addresses the multistatic localization of an object by exploiting the direct-blast and object-reflected signals, where the transmitter location is not known and only the sensor positions are available. We study the cases that either the object or the transmitter is moving, in a noncooperative environment at which unknown offsets are present in the time delay and Doppler shift measurements. We analyze thoroughly by the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) if the direct-blast signals are useful in increasing the object localization performance, albeit doing so introduces extra parameters of the transmitter for estimation. Performance comparison with the fully dynamic moving object and moving transmitter modeling is established. Algebraic solutions are derived for the localization problem and analysis is made to validate that the proposed estimators are able to reach the CRLB performance under Gaussian noise over the small error region.
The inflammatory response system activation model of major depression

The present paper proposes a concise inflammatory response system (IRS)- activation model of major depression. The evidence that alterations in the 1RS participate in the pathophysiology or even etiology of major depression consists of the following. 1) Confirmed findings of in vivo 1RS activation in major depression, such as increased numbers of leukocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, activated T-lymphocytes, increased secretion of neopterin and prostaglandins, and increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-lβ (IL-lβ), IL-6 and interferon-γ (IFNγ). 2) A variety of antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants, have negative immunoregulatory activities. 3) Activation of the 1RS in major depression is significantly related to some of the neuroendocrine disorders in that illness. 4) Proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6 and interferons given to humans or animals can produce depressive symptoms or full blown major depression. 5) The 1RS activation model may account for the multicausal etiology of major depression whereby external or psychosocial Stressors (negative life events), and internal or organic Stressors are considered to play a pivotal role in the etiology of depression.
The Importance of Pilot Studies: Beginning the Hermeneutic Circle

This article suggests the importance of experiential knowledge and/or engagement of the researcher for developing understanding. One way to ground researchers' theoretical derived understanding is to conduct a pilot study. The hermeneutic circle, as described by Heidegger, provides a framework for understanding the importance of pilot studies; it suggests that a person must have a practical sense of the domain within which a phenomenon is situated in order to develop understanding. In this article, I present the many meaningful revisions to the theoretical framework and methodology that a pilot study allowed me to make within the research project. Two important implications that contribute to higher education research and practice are offered: (1) it illustrates the importance of grounding the research process in practical activity, and (2) it highlights how reflection can help to improve our research practice.
Distributed constraint satisfaction via a society of hill-climbers

In this paper, we compare two modified versions of Yokoo's (2001) distributed breakout hill-climbing algorithm (DBA), mDBA-I and mDBA-II, along with six evolutionary computations referred to as societies of hill-climbers (SoHC) on 400 randomly generated distributed constraint satisfaction problems. Each SoHC is composed of S instances of mDBA-II running in parallel, where S represents the society size. The S hill-climbers communicate with one another through a distributed list of breakout elements which represent nogoods discovered at local minima. Our results show that larger society sizes are better in terms of convergence percentage and average cycle performance. However, this better performance comes at a cost of increased constraint checks and message sizes.
Active Learning Environments in Nursing Education: The Experience of the University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Nursing

This chapter describes the processes and pedagogies used by one school in transitioning from lecture halls to collaborative learning environments
Human brain hexokinase: Determinants of mitochondrial binding and mechanism of nucleotide release

Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) can release hexokinase I (HKI) from its binding site on the outer mitochondrial membrane, but the mechanism of ATP release of HKI from mitochondria is unclear. ATP binds to the C-terminal half of HKI as a substrate and to the N-terminal half near the membrane binding element. ATP may also bind to the voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC), the integral membrane component that putatively targets HKI to the mitochondrion. The fluorescent nucleotide analogue 2′,3′-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5′-diphosphate (TNPADP) binds with high affinity to the C-terminal half of HKI (Kd = 0.79 ± 0.09 μM) 1 This research was supported in part by National Institute of Health Research Grant NS 10546. 2 Graduate student and professor, respectively, Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University. Research conducted and manuscript written by Mehyar with assistance from Muneaki, Shen, Skaff and Honzatko. 3 To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Identifying ecosystem services using multiple methods: Lessons from the mangrove wetlands of Yucatan, Mexico

The failure to properly account forthe total value of environmental and natural resourcesresults in socially undesirable overexploitation anddegradation of complex ecosystems such as mangrovewetlands. However, most ecosystem valuation researchtoo often focuses on the question of “what is the value” and not enough on “what peoplevalue.” Nonmarket valuation practitioners have usedqualitative approaches in their work for some time.Yet, the relative strengths and weaknesses ofdifferent qualitative methods have been more thesubject of speculation than systematic research. Thestatistical examination of focus group and individualinterview data on ecosystem services illustrates thatthe two methods generate important but differentecosystem service data. Further, the data show thatthe use of multiple data collection methods offers amore robust understanding of what people value.
From Sites of Occupation to Symbols of Multiculturalism: Reconceptualizing Minority Education in Post-Soviet Latvia by Iveta Silova

On August 5, 1940, the legal annexation of Latvia as a member state of the Soviet socialist bloc was complete. The next 50 years of occupation resulted in significant demographic shifts in Latvian ...
Sleep disordered breathing in Prader Willi syndrome post recombinant human growth hormone therapy

Introduction: Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is licensed for treatment in Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS) for improvement of body composition, height velocity, mobility, behaviour and quality of life. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) disorders are common in individuals with PWS. It has been suggested that rhGH exacerbates SDB. Aim: To identify PWS children who have changes in SDB on polysomnography (PSG) at 6 weeks of commencement of rhGH in a tertiary paediatric sleep setting. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed PWS patients who underwent PSG pre and 6 weeks post commencement of rhGH. The PSG was conducted in a sleep lab using standardized procedure and reported by a sleep physician. Results: We studied 26 patients (13 Boys and 13 Girls) with age range between 1.6 to 17.9 years. 16 patients (61.5%) had normal PSG study indicating no deterioration in SDB since commencing on rhGH, 5 patients (19.2%) had mild increase in Apnoea Hypopnoea Index (AHI). 1 patient (3.8%) required an increase in support of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and 4 patients (15.4%) were advised to cease rhGH treatment as PSG showed significant increase in AHI since rhGH commencement. Discussion: 80% of our PWS patients on rhGH had either no evidence of change in SDB six weeks post rhGH treatment or mild increase in AHI. 19.2% (5 Patients) in which 4 patients (15.4%) studied ceased rhGH and in 1 (3.8%) NIV support was increased. Conclusion: As we have no predictors of who will have SDB deterioration with rhGH, patients with PWS should have PSG before and after starting rhGH and monitoring of children with pre and post growth hormone PSG studies and clinical evaluation is essential in treatment.
Antioxidant intakes and smoking status: data from the continuing survey of food intakes by individuals 1994-1996

Background: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for several chronic oxidative diseases that can be ameliorated by antioxidants. Objectives: This study identified the typical dietary intakes and the major food group contributors of the antioxidants β-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E by smoking status. Design: The 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) provided the current sample (n = 6749), who were categorized as non- (n = 3231), former (n = 1684), and current (n = 1834) smokers. In the CSFII, individuals' food intakes were estimated with two 24-h dietary recalls. Data were analyzed by using a chi-square test with a simultaneous Fisher's z test, analysis of variance with Scheffe's test, multivariate analysis of covariance, and analysis of covariance with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. Results: The sample consisted of 3707 men and 3042 women. Current smokers tended to be younger with less education and lower incomes than nonsmokers and former smokers. The average body mass index (in kg/m 2 ) of current smokers was 25.8, the lowest of the 3 groups. Current smokers had the lowest dietary antioxidant intake. Fatty foods such as luncheon meats, condiments and salad dressings, and ground beef contributed more to the antioxidant intakes of current smokers than to those of the other 2 groups, whereas fruit and vegetables contributed less. Current smokers consumed the fewest numbers of servings of all nutrient-bearing groups in the food guide pyramid, except the meat group. Conclusion: Future interventions should target the clustering of cigarette smoking and other unhealthy lifestyle habits, eg, an imprudent diet.
CIRCULARIZATION OF TRANSDUCED FRAGMENTS: A MECHANISM FOR ADDING SEGMENTS TO THE BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME

Generalized transducing fragments that have redundant sequences in direct order can circularize during transduction events. The length of the required redundant sequences can be at least as short as IS10 (1.4 kb) (Kleckner 1977). The circular transduced fragment is able to recombine with homologous sequences in the chromosome. Circularization and insertion of transduced fragments allow addition of segments to the bacterial chromosome rather than replacement of recipient segments as in a normal transductional cross. It also provides a method for translocation of bacterial genes to a variety of specific sites on the chromosome in either orientation. The significance of these events to bacterial evolution is discussed.
Retrieval of scripted concepts

Abstract The centrality of a concept within a scripted memory structure is defined by the number of associative connections the concept has to other concepts within the structure. This paper reports four experiments which investigated the relation between degree of centrality of scripted concepts (central, peripheral) and the retrievability of those concepts from episodic text memory. In the experiments, subjects read scripted texts in which central and peripheral target nouns had been mentioned one time, and immediately after each text, subjects took a noun recognition test. In Experiments 1–3, the test lists contained scripted nouns which had been in the texts and unrelated nouns which had not. Under this testing condition, central concepts showed a consistent speed and hit rate advantage over peripheral concepts. In Experiment 4, unstudied but script relevant nouns were included in the test list, and under this condition central concepts were retrieved more slowly, with higher false alarm rates, and lower d ′ and β values. The combined results are analogous to the negative and positive fan effects reported by L. M. Reder and B. H. Ross (1983, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 9 , 55–72); however, in the current case, fan size is determined by the preexisting connections in memory, not by the number of times a concept has been studied. We develop a process model similar to L. M. Reder's (1982, Psychological Review , 89 , 250–280) to describe the retrieval of scripted concepts. Finally, we argue against the notion that scripts have representational characteristics different from other memory structures.
Pantaleoni's Problem in the Oscillation of Prices

Simple and complex demand functions, 587. — An index number of oscillations of most probable prices, 591. — Price oscillations in relation to partial flexibilities of prices, 592. — A clue to periodic oscillations or cycles, 593. — Conclusions, 594.
Comparison of utilized coefficient of friction during different walking tasks in persons with and without a disability

The purpose of this study was to determine if older persons with a disability have greater utilized coefficient of friction requirements than healthy older and younger adults during various walking conditions. Forty-eight community-dwelling adults were divided into five groups based on medical diagnosis and age: CVA (unilateral stroke; mean age 63 years), DM (diabetes mellitus; mean age 70 years), ARTH (lower extremity arthritis; mean age 69 years), SENIOR (healthy; mean age 73 years), and YOUNG (healthy; mean age 29 years). Ground reaction forces (GRF) were recorded as subjects walked across a walkway, ascended and descended stairs, and negotiated a turn. The utilized coefficient of friction (COF(U)) throughout stance was calculated as the ratio of shear to vertical GRFs, and the peak COF(U) resulting from a shear force that would contribute to a forward foot slip was identified. Separate one-way ANOVAs were used to identify differences in peak COF(U) across subject groups for each walking task. The results of this study found that for all conditions evaluated, those with a disability did not demonstrate greater friction requirements then adults without a disability. Friction requirements for the YOUNG group were significantly greater than all disability groups while negotiating a turn, and were greater than the DM group during level walking. These results indicated that the diagnostic groups evaluated in this study are not at any greater risk for slip initiation than the healthy older or younger adults during the tasks evaluated.
Oxidation of 4- and 5-hydroxyindole derivatives by mammalian cytochrome oxidase

Abstract Cytochrome oxidase was isolated and was determined for its ability to oxidize several 4- and 5-hydroxyindoles. All of the hydroxyindoles tested were substrates, the 4-hydroxyindoles being the better substrates. It was concluded that cytochrome oxidase does oxidize these hydroxyindoles and that it should be considered in metabolic studies of the compounds in vitro .
A structural model of mechanisms predicting depressive symptoms in women following childhood psychological maltreatment.

Two underlying mechanisms, emotion dysregulation and negative internalized beliefs, were examined as potential mediators of the association between childhood psychological maltreatment (PM) and depression in emerging adult women. PM was assessed as a multi-faceted construct including aspects of psychological abuse (e.g., corrupting) and psychological neglect (e.g., emotional unresponsiveness) that occurred by parents. Female undergraduates (n=771) completed anonymous, retrospective, self-report surveys assessing childhood PM, current depressive symptoms, emotion dysregulation (lack of emotional clarity and regulation strategies), and negative internalized beliefs (mistrust, shame, and defectiveness). Psychological maltreatment was represented as four subtypes of psychological abuse or neglectful behavior: Emotional Non-Responsiveness, Spurning/Terrorizing, Corrupting, and Demanding/Rigid (i.e., controlling behavior). Both emotion dysregulation and negative internalized beliefs significantly mediated the link between childhood PM and depressive symptoms, accounting for approximately 68% of the variance in symptomatology. Findings suggest the importance of focusing intervention on development of emotion regulation capacity including emotional awareness and regulatory strategies, as well as a focus on core negative beliefs including shame, defectiveness, and mistrust of others. Implications for future research are discussed. Language: en
The nature and methods of learning by doing

This presentation reviews some of the psychological research on learning by doing and discusses the role that learning-by-doing approaches can play in education and training. It includes a discussion of the author's implementations of this approach and the lessons learned from these implementations. Improved forms of learning by doing now can be supported by information technologies, and there are prospects for extensions to group learning by doing and group learning from examples in the near future.
Multi-element, high-temperature integrated ultrasonic transducers for structural health monitoring

This paper reports recent developments on high-temperature, multi-element integrated ultrasonic transducers (IUTs). The multi-element IUTs are fabricated from a sol-gel route, where piezoelectric films are deposited, poled and machined into an array of 16 elements. Electrical wiring and insulation are also integrated into a practical, simple high-temperature assembly. These multi-element IUTs show a high potential for structural health monitoring at high temperatures (in the 200-500°C range): they can withstand thermal cycling and shocks, they can be integrated to complex geometries, and they have broadband and suitable operating frequency characteristics with a minimal footprint (no backing needed). The specifics of multi-element transducers, including the phased array approach, for structural health monitoring are discussed.
Institutionalizing dissent: The United States structure of political opportunity and the end of the nuclear freeze movement

This article uses the recent nuclear freeze movement as a vehicle for analyzing the ways in which United States political institutions cope with dissident movements. Building on the literature on political opportunity structure, I argue that United States political institutions reflect James Madison's strategy for coping with dissent by fragmenting political power. The Madisonian structure of United States government, by providing relatively easy institutional access to some challengers and numerous venues for often ritualized participation, serves to fragment, coopt, and dissipate dissident movements. I identify three complementary components of the process of fragmentation and dissipation: marginalization, depoliticization, and institutionalization. I then examine the political implications of institutionalization in the case of the nuclear freeze movement with a discussion of the movement's influence on policy. I conclude with a call for more comparative research on the process and political impact of institutionalizing social protest movements.
Spatial distribution, biomass and population dynamics of Mysis relicta in Lake Michigan

The abundance, biomass, and life history traits of Mysis relicta were evaluated in the spring, summer, and autumn of 2000 at 8 nearshore (45 m) and 8 offshore (75–110 m) stations throughout central and southern Lake Michigan. Abundance was also evaluated on a smaller scale during June 2000 at 4 nearshore and 4 offshore stations in southeastern Lake Michigan. For large-scale sampling, the abundance of M. relicta did not differ among locations in the spring. In the summer and autumn the abundance of M. relicta was similar among offshore stations with the exception of one station each season; for nearshore stations, abundance was generally highest off Pentwater, Michigan. The abundance of mysids was not consistently high for central or southern basin sites, although overall biomass was higher in the southern basin each season. Abundance of Mysis was positively correlated with bottom depth, but not with bottom water temperature, surface water temperature, or mean chlorophyll concentration. Within the smaller region in southeast Lake Michigan, the abundance of M. relicta differed among locations for both nearshore and offshore stations. Brood size and size of reproductive females did not differ among lake wide locations, but the proportion of females with broods and the size distribution of M. relicta did.
Preschool children's and adult's resolutions of consistent and discrepant messages

Research on discrepant messages reveals that elementary school age children, still in the concrete operational stage of development, resolve such messages according to verbal statements while adults react to nonverbal cues. In this study seventy‐five preschool children and 168 adults examined still photographs and accompanying audio tapes of a mother delivering consistent and discrepant messages to a preschool child. Both groups correctly determined the affect of the mother's consistent messages. However, both children and adults responded uncharacteristically to the discrepant messages. Suggestions are made as to the psycho‐social reasons for this given the mother‐child stimulus.
CD8+ T cells patrol HSV-1-infected trigeminal ganglia and prevent viral reactivation.

A hallmark of herpes viruses is their capacity to cause recurrent disease. Recurrences of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 disease do not result from reinfection from external sources, but rather from reactivation of virus that is maintained in a latent state in sensory neurons and periodically reactivates from latency to cause recurrent disease. Recent findings implicate HSV-specific CD8+ T cells in immune surveillance of HSV-1 latently infected sensory neurons in trigeminal ganglia (TG) and inhibition of HSV-1 reactivation from latency. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the characteristics of the TG-resident CD8+ T cell population and certain unique obstacles that might complicate the development of therapeutic vaccines.
Solar module mechanical measurement and mechanical modeling technique for rapid parametric design

As warranties on solar modules continue to expand, mechanical reliability of modules has become extremely important. Several industry standards exist to simulate conditions that modules will face in their lifetime. Among these standards are the IEC 61215/61646 and UL 1703. These tests specify the application of even pressure across the face of the module, at a given magnitude, for a given duration at room temperature (22° C). Effectively measuring and modeling these test standards will allow design of much more robust systems while maintaining cost efficiency. This paper will describe the development and validation of a standards-based mathematical model that enables rapid initial screening of module designs and components for improved module durability. The paper will be presented in four sections: 1.) the test setup and procedure; 2.) model development; 3.) model validation; and 4.) rapid parametric studies.
Urologic manifestations of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosi

A sixty-seven-year-old white man was seen in February, 1981, with complaints of urinary frequency, incontinence, and gross hematuria of one-year duration. The patient had a history of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis since birth and had undergone multiple orthopedic procedures on his left leg for malformations secondary to his disease. Five months prior to admission, the patient had an inguinal herniorrhaphy with postoperative bladder hypotonia requiring a suprapubic catheter for two months. Physical examination was remarkable for innumerable pedunculated and subcutaneous neurofibromas covering the entire skin surface, and the previously noted left knee deformity and scarring. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) demonstrated mild left hydroureteronephrosis. Cystoscopy revealed visual obstruction by the prostate gland, heavy trabeculation of the bladder wall, a laterally placed left ureteral orifice, and questionable left ureteral meatal stenosis, which was incised with an endoscopic scissors. A transurethral resection of 10 Gm of prostate was performed, but high post-void residual
Questioning Gender and Sexual Identity: Dynamic Links Over Time

Dichotomous models of gender have been criticized for failing to represent the experiences of individuals who claim neither an unambiguously female nor male identity. In this paper we argue that the feminist theoretical framework of intersectionality provides a generative approach for interpreting these experiences of gender multiplicity. We review our previous research on four young sexual-minority (i.e., nonheterosexual) women who are participants in a 10-year longitudinal study of sexual identity development, applying the framework of intersectionality to understand their exploration of transgendered experience and identification. Our analysis highlights the value of intersectionality as a framework for understanding not only multiplicity across identity constructs (e.g.., race, gender, etc.) but also within identity constructs (i.e., female and male).
Role of androgens in epilepsy

Accumulating evidence suggests that both male- and/or female-typical sex steroids contribute to seizure susceptibility in epilepsy. Although there is rich literature regarding how female-typical sex steroids, such as progestins and estrogens, influence epilepsy, the role of androgens in seizure processes are just beginning to be understood. Given that some of the effects and mechanisms of androgen action on ictal activity may converge with that of progestins and/or estrogens, this review discusses what is known concerning the role of each of these sex steroids on seizures. Additionally, evidence that seizures and/or antiepileptic drugs can themselves influence steroid-dependent behaviors, such as affective, cognitive and reproductive function, is also reviewed. Considerations for therapeutic management and future directions for research and drug discovery are summarized.
The effect of substrate on the elastic properties of films determined by the indentation test — axisymmetric boussinesq problem

Abstract T he elastic solution of an axisymmetric mixed boundary value problem is considered. An elastic layer is assumed to be either in frictionless contact or perfectly bonded to a semi-infinite elastic half-space. The elastic field caused by the indentation of the elastic layer, by a rigid indenter is solved for spherical, conical and flat-ended cylindrical indenters. The results are obtained by solving a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind with a continuous symmetrical kernel which depends on the bonding conditions. Numerical results are given for several combinations of film and substrate elastic moduli and film thicknesses. These results provide a guideline for selecting the appropriate film thickness and substrate in order to determine the elastic constants of thin films.
Occurrence management: moving toward continuous quality improvement

Abstract How do complex systems fail and how do you prevent it from happening? How can the study of errors, adverse events, and “near misses” affect patient care? A well-designed occurrence management program, designed to capture and analyze information to identify systematic problems and gain management's commitment to removing the cause, can give you many of the answers. The ultimate goal is to improve products and services and minimize financial and legal risks. This session was designed to present the key elements of occurrence management that includes a process for detecting and documenting occurrences, classifying them for analysis, and correcting the problems they represent.
Evaluation of health history forms used in U.S. dental schools

Ideally the health history form should ensure safe care to the patient, support the dentist legally, and ensure a satisfactory treatment outcome. Health history forms from 47 dental schools were evaluated in light of curriculum guidelines for physical evaluation and for their helpfulness to the dentist to provide safe care, to support the dentist legally, and to provide satisfactory treatment outcomes for the patient. In spite of curriculum guidelines in physical evaluation, significant differences were found among the health histories used by dental schools. Recommendations are made to improve the content and format of the health history forms used in dental schools with a corresponding impact on the private dental practitioner.
Adenosine Diphosphoglucose-Starch Glucosyltransferases from Developing Kernels of Waxy Maize

Two adenosine diphosphoglucose: α-1,4-glucan α-4-glucosyl-transferases were extracted from kernels of waxy maize harvested 22 days after pollination and separated by gradient elution from a diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column. Both fractions could utilize amylopectin, amylose, glycogen, maltotriose and maltose as primers. The rate of glucose transfer from adenosine diphosphoglucose to rabbit liver glycogen of fraction II was 78% of the rate of glucose transfer to amylopectin, but with fraction I the rate of transfer of glucose to rabbit liver glycogen was 380% of that observed to amylopectin. Glucan synthesis in the absence of added primer was found in fraction I in the presence of 0.5 m sodium citrate and bovine serum albumin. The unprimed product was a methanol-precipitable glucan with principally α-1,4 linkages and some α-1,6 linkages, and its iodine spectrum was similar to that of amylopectin.