cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Thomson Reuters Journal Selection Process

This paper includes a detailed description of the Thomson Reuters Journal Selection Process, which evaluates many criteria, including timeliness of publication, adherence to international editorial...
Surgical Excision of an Omovertebral Bone in an Adult with Untreated Sprengel Deformity: A Case Report.

Sprengel deformity, failure of caudal migration of the scapula during the ninth through twelfth gestational weeks, is typically addressed during childhood1. Mild deformities may not require any intervention; however, more involved cases can result in restricted neck and/or shoulder motion, pain, and substantial aesthetic imbalance at the neck/upper shoulder region2,3. The omovertebral bone is an abnormal connection between the posterior cervical spine and the superomedial border of the scapula that occurs in 30% to 50% of patients with Sprengel deformity3. This accessory bone may be a remnant ossification center, but its true origin is not known4. It typically arises from the posterior spinal elements of the C4 to C7 vertebrae and extends to the superiorly displaced and hypoplastic scapula3. The omovertebral bone can be ankylosed at either junction or remain a fibrous pseudarthrosis that may become locally painful1. Most patients with functionally limiting Sprengel deformity have composite shoulder abduction of less than 90° because of minimal scapulothoracic motion and an inferiorly rotated glenoid5. These more involved cases may benefit from surgery to improve both aesthetics and motion. Attempts to surgically relocate the scapula inferiorly are felt to be more effective in patients younger than six to eight years old6,7. Excising the omovertebral bone and/or the superomedial scapula, especially in adolescents, will usually improve the aesthetic appearance but, overall, these patients have not regained as much motion as younger patients who undergo scapular displacement surgery6,7. To the best of our knowledge, only three cases of surgical management of Sprengel deformity in adults (all with an omovertebral bone) have been published; the original description of this abnormal bone was in the cadaveric examination of a thirty-one-year-old woman2 …
Los libros muerden!: Biblioterapia en el portal amarillo

Este articulo se basa en una ponencia que fuera presentada en el VI Congreso Multidisciplinario de Salud Comunitaria del Mercosur (Montevideo, setiembre de 2011). El mismo surge de nuestra experiencia como biblioterapeutas en la biblioteca del Portal Amarillo (Centro Nacional de Informacion y Referencia en Drogas). Se plantean reflexiones acerca del fenomeno de la lectura en general, y particularmente en lo relativo a su funcion reparadora del tejido social y del psiquismo, mediante el proceso de simbolizacion. Brindamos nuestra concepcion de una biblioterapia posible, anclada en el psicoanalisis y segun las ideas desarrolladas por Donald Winnicott en lo relativo a la transicionalidad. Se describen las sesiones de biblioterapia, y el perfil del biblioterapeuta.
Can States Enforce Their Civil Rights Laws Against National Banks

The Second Circuit's decision in favor of the Office of Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), in Cuomo v. The Clearing House Association, found that deference was due the federal agency's interpretation of one of its regulations, which provided for the OCC's exclusive visitorial power over national banks, precluding the opposing party, the New York attorney general, from enforcing its state anti-discrimination laws against a national bank. The Chevron Doctrine grants the deference afforded to federal agency interpretation of their statutes. The United States Supreme Court granted certiorari. This Article first summarizes the facts and arguments made before the Second Circuit, including the existing, relevant case law tending to similar questions of law. It then addresses the issues presented with the Second Circuit's decision and analysis, such as states' interest in protecting its citizens from predatory or discriminatory lending, especially in the context of the subprime lending crisis. The Article concludes that the Supreme Court's review and decision in this case will allow it to respond to ambiguities lingering from its previous decisions. But ultimately, because of the necessary interpretation of the Chevron Doctrine, administrative lawyers and officials across disciplines will be significantly affected by the Supreme Court's analysis.
Negotiations in Embedded Relationships: Toward an Integrative Framework

Over the last fifteen years, social network and negotiation scholars have been grappling with the same underlying question, "What is the value of trading through embedded as opposed to arms-length market relationships?" Despite this shared interest, negotiation and social network research has only recently started to intersect. This paper draws from negotiation and social network theory to move toward an integrative framework for understanding negotiations in embedded exchanges. Negotiation and social network theories are briefly reviewed and several unanswered questions are identified in each. Moving toward a more integrative theory, the paper decomposes exchanges into matching decisions and negotiations and proposes that different kinds of embeddedness (relational vs. structural) with different kinds of actors (buyers vs. sellers) will have different values in of these processes under different conditions (high vs. low risk).
Milled Glass Reinforced Polyurea Composites: The Effect of Surface Treatment

Polyurea is commonly utilized in blast-mitigating applications due to its excellent thermo-mechanical properties. In this work, we seek to develop polyurea-based composite materials capable of enhanced blast-induced stress-wave management through material design. Typically the matrix, the filler, and the interfacial surface chemistry comprise the basic structure of a composite material. Here we evaluate the effect of the matrix-filler interfacial properties through the integration of surface treated milled glass fibers into polyurea. The milled glass fibers are connected to the matrix via weak (van der Waals force), intermediate (hydrogen bonding), or strong (covalent bonding) interactions using a variety of surface treatments. Although a complete understanding of the interfacial relationships is exceedingly complex, experimental studies are essential in providing a basic understanding to support simulations and ultimately guide the optimal design of the polyurea-based composites. The properties of the resultant composite materials are thermo-mechanically characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis. Additionally, the surface treatments are also applied to glass slides in order to allow for water droplet contact angle measurements to assess the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. Furthermore, interfacial adhesion tests are conducted on samples fabricated by casting polyurea on surface treated glass slides. These efforts are part of an ongoing initiative to develop elastomeric composites with optimal properties to manage blast-induced stress-wave energy.
Lymphocytic progenitor cell origin and clonal evolution of human B- lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia

At presentation, bone marrow specimens from over 25% of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) display more than two clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes in Southern blot analyses. Nucleotide sequence analysis has shown predominantly different V(H)DJ(H) junctions among these genes, leading to the frequent description of such cases as oligoclonal leukemias. In the present study, we have analyzed the lgH genes from four patients whose leukemic cells contained different patterns of lgH gene rearrangements between presentation and relapse. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the lgH genes showed that three mechanisms could account for these differences: de novo V(H)DJ(H) rearrangement, V(H) to DJ(H) recombination, and V(H) replacement. In all cases, more than two totally different V(H)DJ(H) rearrangements appeared during evolution of the disease, formally consistent with the conclusion that these tumors were composed of apparently unrelated clones. However, the retention of some of the antigen receptor gene rearrangements, as well as the persistence of a chromosomal marker in two cases, indicated that these leukemias had a monoclonal origin. These findings support the hypothesis that some ALLs arise from a lymphoid progenitor cell at a stage of lymphocyte development before the onset of IgH gene rearrangement. These leukemic lymphocyte progenitors generate malignant daughter cells capable of an in vivo maturation that involves the completion of multiple different lgH rearrangements as well as the modification of preexisting rearrangements by V(H) to DJ(H) recombination or by a V(H) replacement.
Abstract 5794: Targeting the BD2 BET bromodomain to inhibit proliferation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common type of pancreatic cancer, is a highly aggressive tumor with a 5-year survival of We and others document that inhibiting the function of BET bromodomain proteins suppresses PDAC tumor growth in preclinical models. The BET family of proteins is characterized by two N-terminal bromodomains, BD1 and BD2, which bind to acetylated lysine residues on specific histones. The binding of BET proteins to acetylated lysines promotes the formation of transcriptional complexes, and impacts gene transcription and chromatin structure. The literature suggests the potential specific roles for BD1 vs BD2 using pharmacological inhibitors and dominant negative mutational analyses. However, the relative importance of each bromodomain with respect to transcriptional regulation compared to chromatin structure is not well understood. Further, there is suggestion in the literature that each bromodomain function may differ in specific tumor cell types. Functional differences between BD1 and BD2 in PDAC cells have not been reported. The goal of the current study was to compare the efficacy of the BD2-specific BET inhibitor (BETi) SJ018 with the efficacy of the pan-BET inhibitor I-BET762 in PDAC cells. We exposed four PDAC cell lines (Panc1, BxPC3, MiaPaCa2, and CFPAC) to a range of concentrations of SJ018 or I-BET762 for 96 hours, and assessed cell viability using alamarBlue. Data, analyzed using GraphPad Prism 7, demonstrated that SJ018 exerted up to ~60-fold lower IC50 values across all cell lines tested compared to the pan-BET inhibitor I-BET762. Further, we recently made a novel observation that the pan-BETi JQ1 induced DNA damage and inhibits expression of the DNA repair protein Rad51 in PDAC cells. Immunoblot analysis for phosphorylated Ser-139 H2AX (γH2AX), a marker of DNA damage, demonstrated that SJ018 and I-BET762 also increased DNA damage, and that the BD2-specific SJ018 induces DNA damage to a greater extent and at a lower dose than the BD1/BD2 inhibitor I-BET762 in BxPC3 cells. The data also showed that both SJ018 and I-BET762 inhibited expression of the homologous recombination protein Rad51 in vitro. We conclude that SJ018 is more potent than I-BET762 in PDAC cells as a single agent, and that degree of potency is reflected by higher levels of DNA damage. Citation Format: Aubrey Lynn Miller, Peter J. Slavish, Brandon M. Young, Philip M. Potter, Anang A. Shelat, Karina J. Yoon. Targeting the BD2 BET bromodomain to inhibit proliferation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5794.
Relative importance of Conservation Reserve Programs to aquatic insect biodiversity in an agricultural watershed in the Midwest, USA

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) in the USA offer farmers government financial incentives to take erosive agricultural lands out of production. Many conservation practices are used along streams to improve habitat for stream biota. However, the ecological benefits of these programs to streams are yet to be demonstrated. This study investigates the responses of communities of three sensitive aquatic insect orders (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera or EPT) to CRP and CREP practices in the Kaskaskia River basin, a predominantly agricultural watershed in Illinois, USA. A total of 10,373 EPT specimens were examined from 84 sites across the basin during 2013–2015. Nine environmental variables were used to account for variance in EPT taxonomic diversity, and sets of best regression models were selected based on Akaike information criterion (AICc). AICc importance values and hierarchical variance partitioning revealed three important variables associated with EPT taxa richness: link (number of first order tributaries), soil permeability, and urban land. Two important variables were associated with Shannon and Simpson diversity measures: link and dissolved oxygen. The percentage of CRP/CREP land in the watershed was less important, suggesting that this mosaic of conservation practices as currently implemented in the basin may not affect EPT taxonomic diversity.
Comparison of 3 Surveillance Methods to Detect Potential Controlled Substance Diversion in an Academic Medical Center

Objectives: To compare 3 methods of detecting potential diversion of controlled substances (CS) by health care personnel from inpatient units in a large, academic medical center. Methods: Three dif...
Sensitivity of the Egg Parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) to Field and Laboratory-Applied Insecticide Residue

The spread of adventive Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead, 1904) populations in North America is anticipated to increase biological control of Halyomorpha halys (Stal; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the brown marmorated stink bug. In an agricultural context, biological control will succeed if it can be integrated in an environment with insecticide applications. We investigated T. japonicus compatibility with nine conventional and organic insecticides commonly used in integrated pest management in perennial crops. Through evaluating mortality and longevity in field and laboratory trials, we determined that T. japonicus fares poorly when exposed to residues of neonicotinoids and pyrethroids. Spinosad resulted in the highest percentage of T. japonicus mortality, 100% in the laboratory and 97% in a field trial. The anthranilic diamide, chlorantraniliprole, had the lowest lethality, with no differences compared to an untreated control. Trissolcus japonicus survived insecticide applications in hazelnut orchards, and over 50% of wasps remained alive after contact with the anthranilic diamides, chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole, the biopesticide Chromobacterium, and an untreated control. Our results indicate that T. japonicus is unlikely to survive and parasitize H. halys in settings that coincide with broad-spectrum insecticide application. Future T. japonicus redistributions could continue in orchards treated with anthranilic diamides and Chromobacterium. As H. halys is a landscape-level pest, orchards may also benefit from biological control if T. japonicus are released in unsprayed areas adjacent to agriculture and in urban sites.
Selecting and Using Dual Language Books in Classrooms and Beyond.

This article, drawing on the relevant literature on dual language books, proposes a four-step process to select high quality dual language books. Each step is explained and supported with examples....
Excisional Biopsy of Benign Breast Mass

This chapter describes the surgical procedure for excisional biopsy of a benign breast mass as performed by the following approaches: wire localized excision, simple excision, or ultrasound-guided excision. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps, necessary equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure in question. This is followed by a template operative dictation that provides the reader with an operative report, astound in the patient chart or the electronic medical record. A description of the critical portions of the procedure will be described: identifying the mass, labeling the mass, and various techniques to locate the mass.
Existence of Multiple Anti-Periodic Solutions for a Higher Order Nonlinear Difference Equation

By using the variational approach and critical point theory, we establish several criteria for the existence of at least three anti-periodic solutions for a higher order difference equation with p-Laplacian and which contains both advance and retardation. As special cases, we obtain results when the nonlinear function is free of advance or retardation. To illustrate our results, we discuss some consequences of our main results when the function is specified. Our work complements the existing results in the literature. Finally, we present an example to show the applicability of the results.
A Network Immuno-Epidemiological HIV Model

In this paper we formulate a multi-scale nested immuno-epidemiological model of HIV on complex networks. The system is described by ordinary differential equations coupled with a partial differential equation. First, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the immunological model and then establish the well-posedness of the multi-scale model. We derive an explicit expression of the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] of the immuno-epidemiological model. The system has a disease-free equilibrium and an endemic equilibrium. The disease-free equilibrium is globally stable when [Formula: see text] and unstable when [Formula: see text]. Numerical simulations suggest that [Formula: see text] increases as the number of nodes in the network increases. Further, we find that for a scale-free network the number of infected individuals at equilibrium is a hump-like function of the within-host reproduction number; however, the dependence becomes monotone if the network has predominantly low connectivity nodes or high connectivity nodes.
Assessing the Feasibility of Microgrid Supported Open Hydroponics (MSOHCC) for A Resilient Fresh Food Supply in SIDS

Small island developing states (SIDS) are extremely susceptible to the damages brought upon by intensifying climate change such as hurricanes and typhoons whose intensities have been exacerbated by higher storm surges due to sea level rise and by more intense winds due to higher ocean surface temperatures in the tropics. Hurricanes can severely damage domestic food production on SIDS while simultaneously compromising the infrastructure for food imports. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2017), almost every SIDS imports over 60% of their food supply and over 50% of SIDS imports over 80%. In some SIDS, as much as 95% of the food consumed is imported (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2008).As such, SIDS present a case study of a region that is extremely vulnerable to food insecurity due to intensifying climate change, decreasing amounts of arable land, decreasing availability of freshwater resources, and increasing global population, which all threaten the global food system (supply, production, processing, distribution, and consumption) due to disruptions in conventional crop cultivation (CCC). Our goal is to assess the potential for Microgrid Supported Open Hydroponic Crop Cultivation (MSOHCC) to be an effective complement to current food security initiatives in SIDS. As part of this overarching goal, we will start by determining how Hydroponic Crop Cultivation (HCC) can be utilized as an alternative to CCC in providing food security. We will then determine how MSOHCC can promote sustainable agriculture specifically in SIDS by providing climate resilience and energy efficient solutions. We will finally determine how MSOHCC can deliver economic opportunity to local SIDS economies by giving local residents the ability to produce locally grown food.The project team will grow lettuce seeds in a prototype MSOHCC unit that is powered by a solar panel. The growing conditions will be akin to those of the conditions that may be encountered in SIDS. The results will be compared to those of common lettuce yields from CCC methods to see if MSOHCC can be used as an alternative and/or as a supplement to CCC. For the MSOHCC unit itself, the team will measure the amount of lettuce harvested (kg), water used (L), energy used (kW), and land area utilized (sq. m). These results will be compared to those of lettuce yields from CCC.
Life Quality and Health Costs in Late Retirement

Individuals are living longer due to the advancement of medical technology and nutrition quality. Are the elderly enjoying retirement in those extended years with good quality of life, or, are they simply alive? Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Consumption and Activities Mail Survey (CAMS), this study contributes to the literature by presenting empirical evidence on how individuals spend time in retirement. The results show that retirees on average do not spend their time significantly different throughout retirement. Most life tasks such as reading the paper or magazines, listening to music, playing sports or exercising, visiting others, and house cleaning are similar among retirees in different age groups. We also present evidence that retirees on average experience a spike in medical expenses late in retirement. We compare systematic withdrawal strategies with and without health costs risk quantifying the impact on portfolio sustainability.
Has the glass ceiling for women in academic psychiatry been removed and replaced? A commentary from the personal experiences of a senior academic woman during the course of a 42 year career.

Abstract Women have historically faced many barriers to professional achievement that have not been suffered by most men; and those women who chose psychiatry as a profession are not exceptions, despite psychiatry having a reputation for attracting more women members than many of the other fields of medicine. While a couple of generations ago, blatant discrimination against women was accepted, whether it was because men were thought to traditionally be the family bread winners and women in charge of household stability, or because their appearances and personalities generated a stereotype of what a leader is meant not to “look like”. However, more recently, women have been raising awareness that these views can no longer be tolerated and are calling for change that requires equal opportunities for leadership roles and academic success. The ways in which change can occur include: developing mentorship programs, requiring all faculty, particularly anyone in a leadership role, to be trained in ways in which implicit bias occurs and how to remedy it, providing networking opportunities, and practicing transparent non-biased hiring practices. These will reduce not only the male/ female gap in academic success, but similarly that which exists between racial, ethnic and gender minorities and those who are not thought of as such.
Inflammation, Thrombogenesis, Fibrinolysis, and Vein Wall Remodeling After Deep Venous Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolism and its sequelae, postthrombotic syndrome and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, affect millions of people worldwide. The purpose of this chapter is to present recent and current research focused on defining the mechanism that drives vein wall remodeling aftervenous thrombosis.
Assembly of Supra Nanoclusters within Crystalline and Amorphous 3-D surfaces

Publisher Summary Syntheses of nanoclusters can be carried out in a variety of ways to give unexpectedly different materials. These have varied structural, optical, and transport properties. Quantum confinement is responsible for many of these properties. This occurs when the individual clusters of a semiconductor are the same size or smaller than the radius of an exciton, which is a weakly bound electron-hole pair. The motion of the exciton, thus, becomes quantized, leading to unusual optical and electronic properties. Considerable effort has gone into the synthesis of quantum confined semiconductors as a result of their useful and interesting properties. This can be done from colloidal solution and by molecular beam or atomic layer epitaxy. The structures formed include quantum wells, dots, or wires. In the approach, quantum confined structures are synthesized by taking advantage of the vast internal 3-dimensional surface of molecular sieves and porous glasses. This allows controls not generally available in solution chemistry or epitaxy. The chapter reviews current methods employed to synthesize nanoclusters. It outlines the chemistry involved in preparing host/guest compounds of semiconductors in zeolites and porous silica glasses and describes their unique physical properties. The chapter also discusses the use of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to follow the reaction chemistry involved, which adds a dimension not previously available in this area.
Do Textbook Publishers Release New Editions Too Frequently

Conventional wisdom among students, professors and, of late, state legislators is that the basic reason for a revised edition of a college textbook is to kill off the existing used book market. However, simple economic analysis shows that this is unlikely to be true. A legislative mandate to increase the duration between new editions could increase the price paid by students and make textbooks less useful from the point of view of professors. I offer a simple and practical alternative proposal that would make professors more sensitive to the price-quality tradeoff in textbooks.
The Benefits of Educational Attainment for U.S. Adult Mortality: Are they Contingent on the Broader Environment?

The growing recognition that educational attainment is one of the strongest preventive factors for adult health and longevity has fueled an interest in educational attainment as a population health strategy. However, less attention has been given to identifying social, economic, and behavioral resources that may moderate the health and longevity benefits of education. We draw on theories of resource substitution and multiplication to examine the extent to which the education–mortality association is contingent on other resources (marriage, employment, income, healthy lifestyles). We use data on adults aged 30–84 in the 1997–2006 National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File and estimate discrete-time event history models stratified by gender (N = 146,558; deaths = 10,399). We find that the mortality benefits of education are generally largest for adults—especially women—who have other resources such as employment and marriage, supporting the theory of resource multiplication. Nonetheless, our results also imply that other resources can potentially attenuate the mortality disadvantages (advantages) associated with low (high) levels of education. The findings suggest that efforts to improve population health and longevity by raising education levels should be augmented with strategies that assure widespread access to social, economic, and behavioral resources.
Prebreakdown imaging in continuously stressed n-hexane

Prebreakdown imaging in continuously stressed n-hexane reveals that, in addition to the normally expected negative point discharge, there are two completely isolated positive point events. The commonly observed positive point streamer is supersonic and filamentary, and the associated current has a ramped wavefront and is often followed by a series of fast but relatively widely separated pulses. The anomalous positive point event has a subsonic propagation speed, a bush-shaped image profile, and a discrete pulsed conduction current characteristic that strongly resembles the negative point case. >
Erratum to: Using the Scenario Method to Analyze Cheating Behaviors

The original publication of this paper unfortunately contained an error with regard to the indicator variable for student gender. We improperly labeled the indicator as “male” when in fact females were coded with a “1” and males with “0”. Hence, forty four percent of the sample was female, and Models 7 and 8 indicate that females are statistically more likely to self-report past incidents of cheating behavior. We apologize for the error and note that the error does not change any of other findings of the paper. J Acad Ethics (2013) 11:81 DOI 10.1007/s10805-012-9178-z
TRANSLITERATION IN DOCUMENTATION

The validity of transliteration in documentation is questioned in light of the resulting loss of precise information. The process is examined from the linguist's, cataloguer's, and user's points of view. The pros and cons of phonetic transcription vs. scientific transliteration are discussed. Specific problems of several non‐Roman alphabets are touched upon. The author advocates development of non‐Latin print chains for computers used for documentation work. Where the cost of this is prohibitive, scientific transliteration is imperative for the purposes of international documentation. For library purposes, maintenance of separate catalogues for each script is recommended.
Pulsing cells: How fast is too fast?

Signal transduction pathways are complex coupled sets of biochemical reactions evolved to transmit and process information about the state of the immediate cell environment. Can we design experiments that would inform us about the properties and limitations of signal processing? Recent studies suggest that this indeed can be achieved by exciting a cell with carefully designed oscillatory stimuli. Although this analysis has its caveats, complex temporal stimulation of signal transduction networks can serve to rapidly advance our understanding of these information channels and ultimately create intelligent ways of controlling them.
Symmetry and the energy landscapes of biomolecules

The role of symmetry in the folding of proteins is discussed using energy landscape theory. An analytical argument shows it is much easier to find sequences with funneled energy landscape capable of fast folding if the structure is symmetric. The analogy with phase transitions of small clusters with magic numbers is discussed.
Quantitative imaging of element composition and mass fraction using dual-energy CT: Three-material decomposition

In principle, dual-energy CT can only accurately decompose a mixture into two materials. To decompose a mixture into three constitute materials using dual-energy CT measurements, a third criteria must be provided to solve for three unknowns with only two spectral measurements. One solution is to assume that the sum of the volumes of three constituent materials is equivalent to the volume of the mixture (i.e., volume conservation), but this is not always true. A more generalized solution is to use the principle of mass conservation, which assumes that the sum of the masses of the three constituent materials is equivalent to the mass of the mixture. In this article, a mass-conservation based, three-material decomposition dual-energy CT algorithm is described and experimental validation of the accuracy of the technique presented. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately measure elemental concentrations under low noise imaging conditions. Clinically, this may be applied to measure the mass fraction of any chemical element in a three-material mixture of solutions without the requirement of volume conservation.
Absorption coefficient of infrared laser window materials

Abstract The absorption coefficient of a number of potential i.r. laser window materials has been measured in the region of multiphonon absorption. Absorptions as low as 0·004 cm−1 have been detected by using thick samples and a differential technique with a dual-beam spectrophotometer. The absorption coefficients of LiF, CaF2, BaF2, SrF2, MgF2, Al2O3, KCl, NaCl and KBr all decrease exponentially with increasing wavenumber. The slope of the exponential bears a nearly constant relationship to the longitudinal optical phonon frequency, consistent with a multiphonon process whose strength depends on the number of phonons generated. Absorption data are also presented for Si, Ge, GaAs: Cr, GaAs: Fe, ZnSe and CdTe.
Comparison of the neural correlates of retrieval success in tests of cued recall and recognition memory.

The neural correlates of successful retrieval on tests of word stem recall and recognition memory were compared. In the recall test, subjects viewed word stems, half of which were associated with studied items and half with unstudied items, and for each stem attempted to recall a corresponding study word. In the recognition test, old/new judgments were made on old and new words. The neural correlates of successful retrieval were identified by contrasting activity elicited by correctly endorsed test items. Old > new effects common to the two tasks were found in medial and lateral parietal, and right entorhinal cortex. Common new > old effects were identified in medial and left frontal cortex, and left anterior intra-parietal sulcus. Greater old > new effects were evident for cued recall in inferior parietal regions abutting those demonstrating common effects, whereas larger new > old effects were found for recall in left frontal cortex and the anterior cingulate. New > old effects were also found for the recall task in right lateral anterior prefrontal cortex, where they were accompanied by old > new effects during recognition. It is concluded that successful recall and recognition are associated with enhanced activity in a common set of recollection-sensitive parietal regions, and that the greater activation in these regions during recall reflects the greater dependence of that task on recollection. Larger new > old effects during recall are interpreted as reflections of the greater opportunity for iterative retrieval attempts when retrieval cues are partial rather than copy cues.
The acquisition of resistance to ecdysteroids in cultured Drosophila cells.

Abstract Drosophila melanogaster K c cells become refractory toward ecdysteroids after 4 days of exposure to the molting hormone, 20-OH-ecdysone. Associated with the appearance of hormonal insensitivity is a loss of ecdysteroid receptors. Hormone-resistant cells maintain a low level of receptor that is indistinguishable from that of responsive, hormonally naive cells. After extended periods in culture, ecdysteroid receptor content in previously exposed cells returns to that of naive control cells. The reappearance of receptor is coincident with the resumption of hormonally induced growth inhibition.
“I’m NOT the Problem!” Externalizing Children’s “Problems” Using Play Therapy and Developmental Considerations

Many children are brought into therapy because parents view them as having a “problem.” Children will often internalize these negative perspectives from others and create an identity based upon these notions. This paper presents a novel way for marriage and family therapists to integrate narrative and play therapy techniques for children and their families. It provides a model that is organized according to Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory to ensure that developmentally appropriate techniques are being utilized. During each stage, an example is provided for further clarification.
Sympathetic nervous activity to brown adipose tissue increases in cold-tolerant mice

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is thought to be responsible for increased heat production in cold-acclimated rodents. We measured sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in interscapular BAT (IBAT) during cold stimulation in cold-acclimated C57BL/6J mice (ACCLI). Cold acclimation was achieved (cold tolerance was increased) by repeated exposure to cold stress every other week for 3 weeks. We compared SNA in these animals with SNA in mice that had no previous cold stress experience (naive). During the test, mice were anesthetized by urethane and isoflurane and were paralyzed with vecuronium bromide. Sympathetic nerve activity was recorded directly from one of the fine nerves to IBAT. The animal's body caudal to the pelvic area was covered with a plastic bag containing a slurry of ice water to decrease colonic temperature 7 degrees C below control level, which took approximately 20 min. Interscapular BAT-SNA increased during cold stress in both groups, but ACCLI mice had higher IBAT-SNA during cold stress than naive mice. These findings confirmed the hypothesis that during the acute cold exposure, cold-acclimated mice have greater sympathetic outflow to BAT adipocytes.
Aspectos psiquiátricos y conductuales de la enfermedad cardiovascular: epidemiología, mecanismos y tratamiento

Resumen Los factores psicosociales y conductuales, incluido el estado de animo (depresion, ansiedad, enojo y estres), la personalidad (Tipo A, Tipo D y hostilidad) y el apoyo social se asocian tanto al desarrollo como a la progresion de enfermedad cardiovascular. Las emociones «negativas» se han asociado a un aumento de las tasas de muerte cardiovascular y a eventos cardiacos recurrentes, aunque continuan sin estar claros los mecanismos que explican esta asociacion. Se han propuesto diversos mecanismos fisiopatologicos para explicar estas relaciones, como la alteracion de la regulacion del eje hipotalamo-hipofiso-suprarrenal, la activacion plaquetaria y la inflamacion. Se han involucrado tambien factores conductuales, como la falta de adherencia a los tratamientos medicos prescritos y la inactividad fisica. En varios ensayos aleatorizados llevados a cabo en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular, se ha examinado el impacto de los tratamientos farmacologicos y conductuales en las variables «duras» de eventos cardiovasculares y en los biomarcadores del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Aunque en general se ha observado que los tratamientos psicologicos mejoran la calidad de vida y la funcion psicologica en los pacientes cardiacos, el efecto beneficioso de las intervenciones psicologicas en cuanto a la mejora de los resultados clinicos no se ha demostrado de manera concluyente.
Effects of Crystal-Induced Optical Incoherence in Electro-Optic Field Sensors

Electro-optic (EO) sensors, used for the nonperturbative detection of electric fields, are strongly influenced by inhomogeneities and deviations of birefringence within the nonlinear crystal. These effects can reduce optical phase coherence in the probe beam, reducing sensor responsivity. The effect is most pronounced in photorefractive materials, where distributions of birefringence are likely to occur. Our analysis suggests that a standard deviation of birefringence as little as 10−4 can reduce sensitivity by two orders of magnitude. This indicates that optically stable materials with low photorefractivity and low birefringence are ideally suited for EO sensor applications.
Countercurrent chromatography with a new horizontal flow-through coil planet centrifuge.

Abstract A versatile horizontal flow-through coil planet centrifuge has been introduced for performing countercurrent chromatography. The apparatus carries a pair of coiled separation columns. Both of these allow continuous elution simultaneously without the use of rotating seals. One column enables preparative-scale separations and the other, analytical-scale separations, both with a high partition efficiency comparable to that obtained in liquid chromatography but without the complications arising from the use of solid supports. Capability of the apparatus was demonstrated on separation of dinitrophenyl amino acids using a two-phase solvent system composed of CHCl 3 /CH 3 COOH/0.1 n HCl at a 2/2/1 volume ratio.
New conductor designs for superconductive magnetic energy storage systems

The study separates high purity aluminum stabilizer design and superconducting strand design. The author discusses the impact of each conductor design parameter on the conductor transient (recovery) stability and dynamic (nonpropagation) stability. The transient stability requirement determines the size of stabilizer and the dynamic stability requirement determines strand design. Examples of 50-kA and 100-kA conductors are given. Design guidelines are established for each of the stability requirements, which lead to cheaper and more efficient conductor designs. A normal zone propagation stopper concept is presented. >
Transport Phenomena in Einstein-Bose and Fermi-Dirac Gases. I

In this paper the general theory of transport phenomena in simple gases is concluded, and numerical values of the gas coefficients for heat conductivity and viscosity are obtained as a function of the temperature and density for the particular case of molecules acting as rigid elastic spheres. In the Introduction will be found a qualitative discussion of the principal results obtained and an interpretation of these results according to elementary considerations. In Section 1 the method of solution of the integral equations with which the formal theory of Part I was concluded is given together with the resulting general equations for the heat conductivity and viscosity coefficients. Since the integral equations can be solved only by a method of successive approximations, the expressions for the gas coefficients are in the form of infinite series the rapidity of convergence of which depends on a suitable choice of a complete set of auxiliary functions. In Section 2 all of the integrals appearing in the first two terms of the infinite series are evaluated. That only two terms are required is due to the fact that one is able to make an excellent choice of functions to represent the auxiliary set. In the evaluation of these integrals restriction is made in the application of the theory to small values of the degeneracy parameter $A$, since only terms in the zeroth and first power of $A$ are retained. This restriction is only slightly greater than that imposed by the fundamental postulates of the general theory which restrict its applicability to moderately rare gases. In Section 3 the final equations for the gas coefficients are applied to gases consisting of molecules which interact quantum-mechanically as rigid elastic spheres of diameters and masses associated with the gases helium and hydrogen.
Systematic studies on globular proteins using micromachined high frequency bulk acoustic wave resonators

Abstract In this paper we use micromachined, high-frequency, quartz bulk acoustic wave resonator arrays to evaluate the physical and viscoelastic properties of adsorbed globular protein films with molecular weights spanning two orders of magnitude. Specifically, changes in the frequency and the Q-factor of the micromachined resonator array were studied as a function of concentration for three proteins, namely Human Serum Albumin (HSA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Human Fibrinogen (Fib) at the fundamental and third resonance modes. The results obtained are interpreted using continuum mechanics approach for multilayer stack on the QCM surface. Discrete changes in the protein adsorption rate constant and the viscoelastic behavior was observed for all the three protein films. The thickness, density, elastic modulus and viscosity of protein layer were successfully obtained through this analysis.
AMRINONE FOR PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

Amrinone (AM) is an orally active inotropic agent that is both a systemic and a pulmonary vasodilator. We used intravenous AM to treat life-threatening pulmonary hypertension (PH) in 4 neonates (NEO), 12 to 36 hrs old, in whom right to left ductal shunting indicated severe PH; and in 5 children (CH), 6 mo. to 12 yrs old, whose mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)≥ mean aortic pressure (AoP). These patients were unresponsive to hyperventilation and conventional pharmacologic therapy of their PH.
Bone cells on microcarrier spheres.

Many of the experiments being done in our laboratory to gain a clearer understanding of bone metabolism require the use of cell culture techniques to examine the effects of ions or hormones on a specific cell population. Unfortunately, however, because the isolated osteoblasts and their precursors are anchorage-dependent cells, it is often difficult to obtain large numbers of these cells by standard tissue culture techniques. In an attempt to overcome these difficulties and thus obtain large numbers of these cells, we have adapted a technique of using microspheres (Superbeads, Flow Laboratories, or Cytodex 1, Pharmacia) to which cells will attach and proliferate. These microspheres are composed of diethylaminoethyl anion exchange groups bound to a dextran matrix. First discovered by van Wezel, 1 and worked into research scale applications by Levine et al, 2 this method offers all of the advantages of suspension cultures for large-scale cultivation of cells, while providing
An electronic alert for HIV screening in the emergency department increases screening but not the diagnosis of HIV.

Objective: Based on US. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations, New York State enacted legislation in 2010 requiring healthcare providers to offer non-targeted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing to all patients aged 13–64. Three New York City adult emergency departments implemented an electronic alert that required clinicians to document whether an HIV test was offered before discharging a patient. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the electronic alert on HIV testing rates and diagnosis of HIV positive individuals. Methods: During the pre-intervention period (2.5–4 months), an electronic “HIV Testing” order set was available for clinicians to order a test or document a reason for not offering the test (e.g., patient is not conscious). An electronic alert was then added to enforce completion of the order set, effectively preventing ED discharge until an HIV test was offered to the patient. We analyzed data from 79,786 visits, measuring HIV testing and detection rates during the pre-intervention period and during the six months following the implementation of the alert. Results: The percentage of visits where an HIV test was performed increased from 5.4% in the pre-intervention period to 8.7% (p<0.001) after the electronic alert. After the implementation of the electronic alert, there was a 61% increase in HIV tests performed per visit. However, the percentage of patients testing positive per total patients-tested was slightly lower in the post-intervention group than the pre-intervention group (0.48% vs. 0.55%), but this was not significant. The number of patients-testing positive per total-patient visit was higher in the post-intervention group (0.04% vs. 0.03%). Conclusions: An electronic alert which enforced non-targeted screening was effective at increasing HIV testing rates but did not significantly increase the detection of persons living with HIV. The impact of this electronic alert on healthcare costs and quality of care merits further examination.
Pain management in polycystic kidney disease

Pain management in polycystic kidney disease. Pain is a common complaint in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, and a systematic approach is needed to differentiate the etiology of the pain and define an approach to management. A thorough history is the best clue to the multifactorial causes of the pain, superimposed upon an understanding of the complex innervation network that supplies the kidneys. The appropriate use of diagnostic radiology (especially MRI) will assist in differentiating the mechanical low back pain caused by cyst enlargement, cyst rupture and cyst infection. Also, the increased incidence of uric acid nephrolithiasis as a factor in producing renal colic must be considered when evaluating acute pain in the population at risk. MRI is not a good technique to detect renal calculi, a frequent cause of pain in polycystic kidney disease. If stone disease is a possibility, then abdominal CT scan and/or ultrasound should be the method of radiologic investigation. Pain management is generally not approached in a systematic way in clinical practice because most physicians lack training in the principles of pain management. The first impulse to give narcotics for pain relief must be avoided. Since chronic pain cannot be "cured," an approach must include techniques that allow the patient to adapt to chronic pain so as to limit interference with their life style. A detailed stepwise approach for acute and chronic pain strategies for the patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is outlined.