cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A High-Throughput Method to Examine Protein-Nucleotide Interactions Identifies Targets of the Bacterial Transcriptional Regulatory Protein Fur

The Ferric uptake regulatory protein (Fur) is a transcriptional regulatory protein that functions to control gene transcription in response to iron in a number of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we applied a label-free, quantitative and high-throughput analysis method, Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS), to rapidly characterize Fur-DNA interactions in vitro with predicted Fur binding sequences in the genome of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea. IRIS can easily be applied to examine multiple protein-protein, protein-nucleotide and nucleotide-nucleotide complexes simultaneously and demonstrated here that seventy percent of the predicted Fur boxes in promoter regions of iron-induced genes bound to Fur in vitro with a range of affinities as observed using this microarray screening technology. Combining binding data with mRNA expression levels in a gonococcal fur mutant strain allowed us to identify five new gonococcal genes under Fur-mediated direct regulation.
Yeasts in nectar enhance male fitness in a montane perennial herb

Floral nectar of many plant species is prone to colonization by microbial organisms such as yeasts. Their presence and metabolism of nectar chemical components have the potential to modify a suite of floral traits important for pollinator attraction, including nectar quality and scent. However, studies on the direct and indirect effects of nectar-inhabiting microorganisms on pollinator behavior and plant reproductive success remain rare. To determine their potential to affect pollinator behavior and plant fitness, we experimentally manipulated the common nectar-inhabiting yeast Metschnikowia reukaufii in the nectar of Delphinium nuttallianum, a short-lived montane perennial herb. We detected positive, indirect, pollinator-mediated effects of yeasts on male plant fitness measured as pollen donation using powdered fluorescent dyes. However, we detected no direct or indirect effects on components of female fitness. Matching effects on male plant fitness, pollinators responded positively to the presence of yeasts, removing more nectar from flowers treated with M. reukaufii. Our results provide evidence of effects of nectar-inhabiting yeasts on male plant fitness and highlight the importance of microorganisms in mediating plant-pollinator interactions and subsequent plant fitness.
Rhodococcus Equi and Genetic Susceptibility: Assessing Transferrin Genotypes from Paraffin-Embedded Tissues

Rhodococcus equi is a bacterial pathogen, ubiquitous in the soil, that infects many foals and is lethal to some. Transferrin is an iron-binding protein that has bacteriostatic properties in the blood. Transferrin is also highly polymorphic in most species, with 15 variants identified for horses using biochemical methods, and may be responsible for variation in susceptibility to bacterial pathogens. The objectives of this study were 1) to compare biochemical typing with DNA typing of transferrin, 2) to determine if transferrin DNA from archival paraffin-embedded tissue samples can be recovered and typed with molecular methods, and 3) to determine if there was an association between foal death caused by R. equi and transferrin type. Comparing biochemical methods and DNA sequencing for 41 horses demonstrated correspondence between the typing methods. The allele frequency of archival paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 34 Thoroughbred foals that succumbed to R. equi showed an excess of the F allele and a deficiency of the D allele (P 0.8), age of foal (P > 0.3), and sex of foal (P > 0.6) were not statistically associated with transferrin type. The archival material was successfully transferrin typed using DNA sequencing, and there may be an association between foal death caused by R. equi and transferrin type.
Assessing Cultural Differences in Translations: A Semantic Network Analysis of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Abstract Intercultural communication, in many cases, is cross-lingual communication. Effective cross-lingual communication requires successful translation processes. Translation quality involves two factors, the technical and the linguistic. Focusing on the influence of language factor, this study demonstrates the application of semantic network analysis and spatial modeling to examine translation equivalence. The examined texts are seven different linguistic versions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (six official languages and Korean). The results suggest that translations are roughly equivalent but with subtle differences reflective of each language's cultural predispositions. The paper concludes by discussing the importance of translation and language issues for intercultural communication.
Increasing the pleasure bond: Sexual enhancement in marital therapy

Enhancing couples' sexual relationships can increase the efficacy of marital therapy. Therapists are encouraged to assess sexual satisfaction and offer sexual enhancement as a part of marital therapy. In this paper, widely applicable sexual enhancement techniques are outlined and illustrated with case examples. Bibliotherapy resources for clients are also suggested.
High-Fat Diet Induced Anxiety and Anhedonia: Impact on Brain Homeostasis and Inflammation

Depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are highly comorbid disorders that carry a large public health burden. However, there is a clear lack of knowledge of the neural pathological pathways underlying these illnesses. The present study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which a diet rich in fat can cause multiple complications in the brain, thereby affecting intracellular signaling and gene expression that underlie anxiety and depressive behaviors. The results show that a high-fat diet (HFD; ~16 weeks) causes anxiety and anhedonic behaviors. Importantly, the results also show that 4 months of HFD causes disruption of intracellular cascades involved in synaptic plasticity and insulin signaling/glucose homeostasis (ie, Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), P70S6K), as well as increased corticosterone levels and activation of the innate immune system, including elevation of inflammatory cytokines (ie, IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα). Interestingly, the rapid acting antidepressant ketamine reverses the behavioral deficits caused by HFD and activates ERK and P70S6 kinase signaling in the prefrontal cortex. In addition, we found that pharmacological blockade of the innate immune inflammasome system by repeated administration of an inhibitor of the purinergic P2X7 receptor blocks the anxiety caused by HFD. Together these studies further elucidate the signaling pathways that underlie chronic HFD exposure on anxiety and depressive behaviors, and identify novel therapeutic targets for patients with metabolic disorder or T2D who suffer from anxiety and depression.
Cross-field transport in Goldreich-Sridhar magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

I derive analytically the temporal dependence of the perpendicular transport coefficient of a charged particle in the three-dimensional anisotropic turbulence conjectured by Goldreich-Sridhar by implementing multispacecraft constraints on the turbulence power spectrum. The particle motion away from the turbulent local field line is assessed as gradient-curvature drift of the guiding center and compared with the magnetic field line random walk. At inertial scales much smaller than the turbulence outer scale, particles decorrelate from field lines in a free-streaming motion, with no diffusion. In the solar wind at 1 AU, for energy sufficiently small (<1 keV protons), the perpendicular average displacement due to field line tangling generally dominates over two decades of turbulent scales. However, for higher energies (≃25 MeV protons) within the range of multispacecraft measurements, the longitudinal spread originating from transport due to gradient-curvature drift reaches up to ≃10^{∘}-20^{∘}. This result highlights the role of perpendicular transport in the interpretation of interplanetary and interstellar data.
EECache: A Comprehensive Study on the Architectural Design for Energy-Efficient Last-Level Caches in Chip Multiprocessors

Power management for large last-level caches (LLCs) is important in chip multiprocessors (CMPs), as the leakage power of LLCs accounts for a significant fraction of the limited on-chip power budget. Since not all workloads running on CMPs need the entire cache, portions of a large, shared LLC can be disabled to save energy. In this article, we explore different design choices, from circuit-level cache organization to microarchitectural management policies, to propose a low-overhead runtime mechanism for energy reduction in the large, shared LLC. We first introduce a slice-based cache organization that can shut down parts of the shared LLC with minimal circuit overhead. Based on this slice-based organization, part of the shared LLC can be turned off according to the spatial and temporal cache access behavior captured by low-overhead sampling-based hardware. In order to eliminate the performance penalties caused by flushing data before powering off a cache slice, we propose data migration policies to prevent the loss of useful data in the LLC. Results show that our energy-efficient cache design (EECache) provides 14.1p energy savings at only 1.2p performance degradation and consumes negligible hardware overhead compared to prior work.
On the blowup of multidimensional semilinear heat equations

Abstract This work is concerned with positive, blowing-up solutions of the semilinear heat equation ut − ∆u = up in Rn. No symmetry assumptions are made. Working with the equation in similarity variables, we first prove a result suggested by center manifold theory. We then calculate the refined asymptotics for u in a backward space-time parabola near a blowup point, and we obtain some information about the local structure of the blowup set. Our results suggest that in space dimension n, among solutions that follow the center manifold, there are exactly n different blowup patterns.
Conductive Composite Fibers with a Rigid-Rod Matrix

Conductive composite fibers are prepared by dry-jet wet-spinning of a strong-acid solution of rod-like polymers and phthalocyanine(Pc) compounds. A model yielding a hierarchical structure for a pure rigid-rod fiber is described first. The inclusion of NiPc in the spinning dope leads upon coagulation to isolated NiPc domains that are predicted to correspond to body centered cells (exhibiting various degrees of disorder). The observed dependence of fiber conductivity of composition is explained in terms of tunneling and percolation processes.
Effects of Host Plant on the Between-Plant Spatial Distribution of the Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae

The spatial distribution of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), on ‘Stephens’ wheat and ‘Border’ oats was evaluated using geostatistics. Geostatistics uses spatial variation to determine the degree and type of spatial dependence of spatially related data. These analyses revealed unique spatial distributions of Russian wheat aphids on wheat and oats, which varied as the population developed and dispersed among the plants. On ‘Stephens’ wheat, Russian wheat aphid dispersal from the release site was delayed, and when aphids dispersed, they moved a greater distance than those on ‘Border’ oats. When placed on ‘Border’ oats, Russian wheat aphids dispersed within 3 d of the initial infestation and continued to disperse throughout the 21-d sampling period. The Russian wheat aphid distributions estimated by negative binomial K, Lloyd’s mean crowding index, Iwao’s patchiness regression, and Taylors’ power law were compared with the geostatistical analysis and found to have a similar interpretation of distribution only 50-80% of the time under the laboratory conditions of this research. These differences reveal the limited value of these dispersion indices for evaluating spatial distribution.
Long-Term Mortality after Transfusion-Associated Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis

Abstract Background. Acute non-A, non-B hepatitis after blood transfusion often progresses to chronic hepatitis and sometimes culminates in cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the frequency of these sequelae and their effects on mortality are not known. Methods. We traced patients with transfusion-related non-A, non-B hepatitis who had been identified in five major prospective studies conducted in the United States between 1967 and 1980. We matched each patient with two control subjects (identified as the first and second controls) who received transfusions but who did not have hepatitis. The mortality rates in the three groups were determined with use of data from the National Death Index and Social Security Death Tapes. Cause-specific mortality was determined by reviewing death certificates. Results. Vital status was established for over 94 percent of the 568 patients who had had non-A, non-B hepatitis and the two control groups (526 first controls and 458 second controls). After an ave...
Linking Users Across Domains with Location Data: Theory and Validation

Linking accounts of the same user across datasets -- even when personally identifying information is removed or unavailable -- is an important open problem studied in many contexts. Beyond many practical applications, (such as cross domain analysis, recommendation, and link prediction), understanding this problem more generally informs us on the privacy implications of data disclosure. Previous work has typically addressed this question using either different portions of the same dataset or observing the same behavior across thematically similar domains. In contrast, the general cross-domain case where users have different profiles independently generated from a common but unknown pattern raises new challenges, including difficulties in validation, and remains under-explored. In this paper, we address the reconciliation problem for location-based datasets and introduce a robust method for this general setting. Location datasets are a particularly fruitful domain to study: such records are frequently produced by users in an increasing number of applications and are highly sensitive, especially when linked to other datasets. Our main contribution is a generic and self-tunable algorithm that leverages any pair of sporadic location-based datasets to determine the most likely matching between the users it contains. While making very general assumptions on the patterns of mobile users, we show that the maximum weight matching we compute is provably correct. Although true cross-domain datasets are a rarity, our experimental evaluation uses two entirely new data collections, including one we crawled, on an unprecedented scale. The method we design outperforms naive rules and prior heuristics. As it combines both sparse and dense properties of location-based data and accounts for probabilistic dynamics of observation, it can be shown to be robust even when data gets sparse.
Hot Hole Diffusion in the Electron-Stimulated Desorption of Metal Atoms from Alkali Halides

Within the framework of a realistic theoretical model, diffusion of hot holes in alkali-halide crystals prior to self trapping is shown to have a substantial influence on the time dependence of the flux of desorbed ground state neutral metal atoms resulting from pulsed electron beam bombardment of these crystals. Comparison of results from the model with new time dependent measurements of Li ESD from LiF suggest that substantial hot hole diffusion occurs in LiF, and that, depending on its preparation, the LiF surface can be an absorber or reflector of hot holes.
Mediators of Endothelial Cell Injury Following Total Body Irradiation in Bone Marrow Transplant Patients: The Role of Thromboxane and Leukotrienes

We have encountered a high incidence of endothelial damage in our bone marrow transplant population following pretreatment with total body irradiation or high dose chemotherapy. Measurement of the proinflammatory mediators thromboxane A2 and leukotriene E4 during and after bone marrow transplant revealed elevated levels that preceded the capillary leak syndrome.
Analysis and design methodology for system cost reduction in distributed power systems

This paper focuses on analyzing system-level cost and efficiency trade-offs in designing power converters for low-voltage dc power systems. We address the optimization of power converters to meet system-level goals of microgrids for rural electrification and propose a weighted efficiency criteria, derived from the percentages of energy processed by the converter at different power levels in this application. We also propose a method to trade-off efficiency and cost of converters to decrease overall system cost and demonstrate this proposed methodology with the development and comparison of two types of dc-dc converters.
Wywołane lekami zmiany w zakresie morfologii oraz czasu trwania zespołu QRS

Zmiany zapisu elektrokardiograficznego wywolane lekami mogą dotyczyc wszystkich skladowych krzywej elektrokardiograficznej (EKG). Dotychczas przedmiotem najwiekszego zainteresowania ze strony urzedow nadzorujących, naukowcow oraz klinicystow bylo zjawisko wywolanego przez leki wydluzenia czasu trwania odstepu QT oraz nastepcze, dobrze udokumentowane, dzialanie proarytmogenne. W niniejszej pracy skupiono sie glownie na ocenie wplywu dzialania lekow na morfologie, amplitude oraz czas trwania zespolu QRS. Na czas trwania zespolu QRS wplywa bardzo duza liczba związkow farmakologicznych (np. preparaty nalezące do klas IA i IC lekow przeciwarytmicznych, leki o dzialaniu przeciwhistaminowym, przeciwdepresyjnym i przeciwpsychotycznym). Czas trwania zespolu QRS mozna oceniac na podstawie bardzo wielu metod opartych na analizie EKG. Standaryzacja pomiaru czasu trwania zespolu QRS umozliwia porownanie wynikow, niezaleznie od modalności zapisow EKG, a takze wykonanie pomiarow seryjnych. Niektore leki anelgetyczne oraz doustne środki hipoglikemiczne wplywają na amplitude zespolu QRS dzieki ich naturalnej sklonności do wywolywania obrzekow obwodowych (mechanizm pozasercowy). Mozliwe, ze nowe metody badan, ktore bedą obejmowac analize calej krzywej EKG - od początku zalamka P do konca fali U - bedą bardziej uzyteczne w zakresie oceny i monitorowania bezpieczenstwa stosowania lekow przy uwzglednieniu przede wszystkim standardowego zapisu EKG.
The Association Between Geographic Density of Infectious Disease Physicians and Limb Preservation in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers

BACKGROUND Avoiding major (above-ankle) amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers is best accomplished by multidisciplinary care teams with access to infectious disease specialists. However, access to infectious disease physicians is partially influenced by geography. We assessed the effect of living in a hospital referral region with a high geographic density of infectious disease physicians on major amputation for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. We studied geographic density, rather than infectious disease consultation, to capture both the direct and indirect (eg, informal consultation) effects of access to these providers on major amputation. METHODS We used a national retrospective cohort of 56440 Medicare enrollees with incident diabetic foot ulcers. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the relationship between infectious disease physician density and major amputation, while controlling for patient demographics, comorbidities, and ulcer severity. RESULTS Living in hospital referral regions with high geographic density of infectious disease physicians was associated with a reduced risk of major amputation after controlling for demographics, comorbidities, and ulcer severity (hazard ratio, .83; 95% confidence interval, .75-.91; P < .001). The relationship between the geographic density of infectious disease physicians and major amputation was not different based on ulcer severity and was maintained when adjusting for socioeconomic factors and modeling amputation-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Infectious disease physicians may play an important role in limb salvage. Future studies should explore whether improved access to infectious disease physicians results in fewer major amputations.
Pro-market economic policies and women’s economic wellbeing

Despite much scholarly research on a range of socio-economic and political effects of pro-market economic policies, scant research has been devoted to the gendered effects of these policies. This article advances the hypothesis that market-liberalising policies in five key areas — government size and spending, legal system and protection of property, access to sound money, freedom from excessive regulation, and economic openness — help women gain a more active role in the total labour force but do not ameliorate gendered economic discrimination. On the contrary, this article asserts that market-friendly economic reforms might contribute to the rise of women’s economic rights violations. Results from a panel of over 120 countries for the period from 1981 to 2011 indicate that pro-market economic policies are associated with an increased share of female employment in the labour force but less respect for women’s economic rights. Overall, the data analysis points to an overlooked, but important, contrast of more female employment yet less respect for women’s economic rights in freer economies. The results also present a dilemma for policymaking. Whereas pro-market policies and reforms might drive economic growth and create more employment opportunities for women, such policies and reforms might be implemented at the expense of women’s economic rights, which are crucial for the empowerment of women.
Progress on the dimension question for power series rings

The notion of Krull dimension of a ring (commutative with identity) is of great importance in the field of commutative algebra. In particular, the study of dimension behavior in ring extensions is a central issue. More precisely, we may ask if J? C T is an extension, what is the relationship, if any, between dim(i?) and dim(T)? Two fundamental types of ring extensions are integral extensions and polynomial extensions. It is known that if _R C T is an integral extension, then the extension is going-up (GU) and has the "incomparable" property (INC), which implies that dim(i?) = dim(r). The polynomial case is more interesting. It is a classical theorem in commutative algebra that if dim(i?) = n then we have the bounds
The forgotten engineer

Engineering has been marginalized by the unhealthy belief that engineering is the application of science.
Anteroventral bed nuclei of the stria terminalis neurocircuitry: Towards an integration of HPA axis modulation with coping behaviors - Curt Richter Award Paper 2017

A network of interconnected cell groups in the limbic forebrain regulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and behavioral responses to emotionally stressful experiences, and chronic disruption of these systems chronically is implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric illnesses. A significant challenge has been to unravel the circuitry and mechanisms providing for regulation of HPA activity, as these limbic forebrain regions do not provide any direct innervation of HPA effector cell groups in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH). Moreover, information regarding how endocrine and behavioral responses are integrated has remained obscure. Here we summarize work from our laboratory showing that anteroventral (av) bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) acts as a point of convergence between the limbic forebrain and PVH, receiving and coordinating upstream influences, and restraining HPA axis output in response to inescapable stressors. Recent studies highlight a more expansive modulatory role for avBST as one that coordinates HPA-inhibitory influences while concurrently suppressing passive behavioral responses via divergent pathways. avBST is uniquely positioned to convey endocrine and behavioral alterations resulting from chronic stress exposure, such as HPA axis hyperactivity and increased passive coping strategies, that may result from synaptic reorganization in upstream limbic cortical regions. We discuss how these studies give new insights into understanding the systems-level organization of stress response circuitry, the neurobiology of coping styles, and BST circuit dysfunction in stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Racial disparities in child maltreatment: the role of social service availability

Abstract Using survey data collected from families in Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics in Franklin County, Ohio, United States, this study examines racial disparities in child maltreatment through a focus on the relationship between social services availability and child maltreatment across black and white families. In the study county, black families were more likely to live within a closer distance of poverty, mental health, and substance abuse services compared to white families. White and black families reported similar levels of neglect, but black families reported higher levels of physically abusive behaviors. Proximity to poverty services was associated with lower rates of neglect for white families, but not black families; while proximity to mental health services was associated with lower rates of neglect for black families but not white families. Proximity to substance abuse services was associated with lower rates of physical abuse for white families, but no services were associated with decreased physical abuse for black families.
Heuristic analogy in Ars Conjectandi: From Archimedes' De Circuli Dimensione to Bernoulli's theorem.

Abstract This article investigates the way in which Jacob Bernoulli proved the main mathematical theorem that undergirds his art of conjecturing—the theorem that founded, historically, the field of mathematical probability. It aims to contribute a perspective into the question of problem-solving methods in mathematics while also contributing to the comprehension of the historical development of mathematical probability. It argues that Bernoulli proved his theorem by a process of mathematical experimentation in which the central heuristic strategy was analogy. In this context, the analogy functioned as an experimental hypothesis. The article expounds, first, Bernoulli's reasoning for proving his theorem, describing it as a process of experimentation in which hypothesis-making is crucial. Next, it investigates the analogy between his reasoning and Archimedes' approximation of the value of π, by clarifying both Archimedes' own experimental approach to the said approximation and its heuristic influence on Bernoulli's problem-solving strategy. The discussion includes some general considerations about analogy as a heuristic technique to make experimental hypotheses in mathematics.
ROLE OF THE β SUBUNIT OF THE ESCHERICHIA COLI DNA POLYMERASE III HOLOENZYME IN THE INITIATION OF DNA ELONGATION

ABSTRACT The β subunit of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme has been purified 10,000-fold to homogeneity from E. coli HMS-83. The native and denatured molecular weights of β are 72,000 and 37,000, respectively, as determined by equilibrium sedimentation. Thus, β appears to exist as a dimer when in a state free of other holoenzyme components. An antibody directed specifically against the β subunit has been prepared and used to probe the structure of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme and the mechanism of its reaction. This antibody has been shown to inhibit only those reactions for which holoenzyme is required and the polymerase III core alone will not suffice. Furthermore, the β antibody inhibits formation of an ATP (or dATP) requiring initiation complex with primed DNA, but not subsequent elongation. Using the β antibody to block reinitiation, we have shown that holoenzyme can replicate most of the G4 genome (> 5,000 nucleotides) without dissociating.
Monoclonal Antibody Mediated Drug Delivery and Antibody Toxin Conjugates

Monoclonal antibody mediated drug delivery systems are relatively new to pharmacology. Early development of monoclonal antibodies and their interaction with unique cell surface determinants was confined largely to immunology groups (Mason and Williams, 1980). As clinical applications appear practical these systems are likely to come increasingly under the purview of pharmacologists. The point of view of this paper is that the questions and tools that are unique to pharmacology will be necessary for the practical development of antibody mediated drug delivery systems.
Glaucoma at the Hamilton Glaucoma Center and the University of California, San Diego.

Known for its unique cross-disciplinary investigative programs and clinical excellence, the scientists and clinicians at the Hamilton Glaucoma Center of the University of California, San Diego seek to enhance the discovery and translation of innovative research to clinical glaucoma care to prevent and cure glaucoma blindness. With state of the art laboratory and clinical facilities located on the La Jolla campus (figure 1), the Center is a home for a world-renowned team of scientists and staff. More than 100 post-doctoral Fellows in Glaucoma, many of whom hold distinguished academic positions throughout the world, have been trained at the Hamilton Glaucoma Center and the University of California, San Diego. At the core of Hamilton Glaucoma Center activities are the outstanding faculty that are described below.
Fungal Genomics for Energy and Environment

Fungal diversity is enormous and so far poorly explored. The innovations developed by fungi over a billion of years of evolution are encoded in their genomes. The genomics revolution gave us opportunities to explore these natural innovations at scale, analyzing large groups of fungi, building collections of 1000 fungal genomes, and developing new tools for functional genomics and ecological genomics. Genomics exploration of fungi, their interactions with plants and each other, and behavior in complex communities like soil will help us to better understand natural biological systems and can lead to applications for environmental protection and bioenergy production.
Periocular xanthogranulomas associated with severe adult-onset asthma

This article describes six patients who presented, usually bilaterally, with yellow-orange, elevated, indurated, and nonulcerated xanthomatous eyelid lesions, typically extending into the anterior orbital fat, and sometimes involving the extraocular muscles and the lacrimal gland. Because the eyelids remained intact and because the process did not reach the deep orbital and perioptic connective tissues, visual acuity was well preserved. There is cosmetic morbidity and occasionally motility restriction with advancing involvement of the extraocular muscles. All patients had variably severe adult-onset asthma that required treatment with systemic prednisone and inhalants. No evidence of Erdheim-Chester disease was found in any patient, but the appearance in one patient, after 25 years of follow-up, of a separate subcutaneous necrobiotic xanthogranulomatous lesion in the mandibular region with an associated paraproteinemia, suggests that at least some of our cases might be a mild form of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. For this reason, we would suggest repeated periodic serum protein immunoelectrophoretic studies as well as evaluation for lymphoma. Therapy probably should consist of low doses of periorbital radiotherapy coupled with high doses of corticosteroids. Should this not be successful, then systemic administration of corticosteroids with chemotherapeutic agents might be efficacious, as in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma.
The mTOR Pathway in Multiple Myeloma

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is centrally located, ­linking proximal oncogenic cascades to critical downstream pathways that drive tumor growth. MTOR regulates such diverse functions as protein translation, proliferation, viability, autophagy, metabolism homeostasis, monitoring of energy reserves and induction of angiogenesis. Given its fundamental role in tumorigenesis, it is not surprising that a huge effort is being made to develop mTOR inhibitors. The existence of feedback pathways, that become activated subsequent to mTOR inhibition, has complicated these efforts. However, the fact that mTOR exists in two separate complexes, TORC1 and TORC2, that rapalogs primarily inhibit only TORC1 and that TORC2 is actually a key activator of AKT has injected new energy in the quest to find inhibitors that can inhibit both complexes. In myeloma models, pre-clinical studies confirm activity of rapalogs as well as newer TORC1/TORC2 inhibitors and early phase clinical trials have begun. In addition, the recent finding of upregulated myeloma cell expression of DEPTOR, an mTOR binding protein that restricts mTOR activity, suggests an additional future therapeutic target specific to the myeloma tumor model.
Adverse Maternal Outcomes Differ between Obese and Nonobese Women with Severe Preeclampsia.

Objective This article evaluates the differences in adverse maternal outcomes related to severe preeclampsia in obese versus nonobese women. Study Design Retrospective cohort study and planned secondary analysis of women with severe preeclampsia comparing a composite adverse maternal outcome related to preeclampsia among obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) and nonobese (BMI Results Of the 152 women included, 37.5% were obese and 62.5% were nonobese. The prevalence of the primary outcome was 15.8% with obese women less likely to have the composite outcome compared with nonobese women (7% vs. 21.1%, p = 0.02). This remained after adjusting for confounders including maternal age, race, and chronic hypertension (adjusted odds ratio, 0.33 [0.12–0.89], p = 0.03). Obese women were, however, more likely to require intravenous antihypertensive medication peripartum compared with nonobese women (49.1% vs. 28.4%, p = 0.01). Conclusion Obese women with severe preeclampsia may have a different phenotype of severe preeclampsia that is more associated with severe hypertension rather than end-organ damage.
Principles of Pediatric Neurosurgery

The incidence of primary malignant and nonmalignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors in children and adolescents aged 0–19 years in the US is 5.42 per 100,000, and approximately 4620 new cases are expected to be diagnosed in the US in 2015 (Ostrom et al. 2014). There is a rich variety of brain tumors found in children which is primarily a function of the patient’s age and location of origin, with the overall most common being pilocytic astrocytoma (Ostrom et al. 2014). It has been traditionally taught that approximately 60% of pediatric brain tumors are infratentorial, but the actual ratio of supratentorial to infratentorial pediatric tumors is dependent on the specific age group (Ostrom et al. 2015). Tumors can be broadly categorized as glial (e.g., astrocytomas, ependymomas), embryonal (e.g., medulloblastomas, pineoblastoma), germ cell (e.g., germinoma, teratoma), and other (e.g., choroid plexus tumors, craniopharyngiomas).
'Staged for Living': Negotiating Objects and their Values over a Porous Boundary

We describe more than 19 months of ethnographic fieldwork with people who have embraced minimalism, a lifestyle movement focused on reducing modern life's clutter. We found that for minimalists, the home is a central but porous site for making and staging their values around objects. The home's porous boundary allows minimalists to reinforce their values around objects for others and themselves, but it also necessitates adopting strategies to assert their values when objects---entangled with others' values---move in and out the boundaries of the home. Drawing from our fieldwork, we introduce the concept of the porous boundary. "Porosity" impels us to consider the coupling of objects with values as we do boundary practices for the home. A porous boundary perspective, we argue, can open new design spaces in the development of novel technologies for the home.
Ocean warming drives decline in coral metabolism while acidification highlights species-specific responses

ABSTRACTOcean warming and acidification can have negative implications on coral reefs. This mechanistic study aims to evaluate the proximal causes of the observed negative response of Hawaiian corals to climate change scenarios. Net calcification (Gnet), gross photosynthesis, and dark respiration were measured in three species of Hawaiian corals across a range of temperature and acidification regimes using endpoint incubations. Calcification rates showed a curvilinear response with temperature, with the highest calcification rates observed at 26°C. Coral response to ocean acidification (OA) was species dependent and highly variable. OA enhanced calcification rates by 45% in the perforate coral, Montipora capitata, but had no short-term effect on the calcification or photosynthetic rates of imperforate corals, Pocillopora damicornis or Leptastrea purpurea. Further investigations revealed M. capitata to effectively dissipate protons (H+) while increasing uptake of bicarbonate (HCO3−), therefore maintaining ...
“Every year they ignore us”: public school closures and public trust

How do citizens’ experiences with public schools shape their feelings about politics? Over the past two decades, public schools have closed at an increasing rate across the United States. In 2013, ...
38 School shootings, neighborhood characteristics, and google trends

Statement of Purpose The neighborhood socio-economic factors associated with school-shootings and the differences in the public interest are unknown. We characterized the relationship between median home price, poverty rate, black population, homicide rate and population size with the incidence of school shootings at the zip code level, and additionally intent of the shooter and number of victim fatalities with google trends of school shootings. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study between 01/01/2013–12/31/2018 using school-shooting data from Everytown database (K-12 and colleges/Universities) and K12 (only K-12). Median house price, poverty rate, black population, and population size was obtained from American Community Survey, homicide rate from Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and intent of shooting and number of fatal victims were from the school shooting databases. Google trends for each day for ‘school’ and ‘shooting’ was obtained for six years and standardized using year weights created as total proportion of total hits in months per total hits during six years. Results There were 405 and 295 school shooting incidents in Everytown and K12 datasets respectively. From 2013 to 2018, school shooting incidences per 10 million population increased from 1.45 to 3.12 in Everytown data and from 1.04 to 2.96 in K12 data. The zip code areas with higher poverty rate (Incidence ratio, IRR=1.37 [95% CI, 1.09–1.73], larger black population [IRR=1.24, 95% CI 1.13–1.37], higher homicide rate [IRR=1.08, 95% CI 1.04–1.12] and larger population size [IRR=2.34, 95% CI 2.00–2.75] had an increased incidence of school shooting. Increasing public interest or Google trends for school-shooting was independently associated only with the death of victims. Conclusion/Significance Although school shootings are more likely in large neighborhoods with high homicide and a larger proportion of the black population, public interest in school shootings depended only on whether the death occurred during school-shooting.
Spin wave dispersion based on the quasiparticle self-consistent GW method: NiO, MnO and α-MnAs

We present calculations of spin wave dispersions for antiferromagnetic MnO, NiO and ferromagnetic ?-MnAs based on the recently developed quasiparticle self-consistent GW method (QSGW); we have already shown that QSGW gave a good quasiparticle picture for MnO and NiO in comparison with optical experiments. To obtain the spin wave dispersions, we have developed a method to calculate the transverse dynamical spin susceptibility in the random-phase approximation. This is a general method applicable not only to QSGW, but also to any first-principle method which gives the non-interacting (one-body) Hamiltonian to represent quasiparticles, e.g.?the Kohn?Sham Hamiltonian in the density functional theory. In the method, we first calculate the non-interacting spin susceptibility from the supplied non-interacting Hamiltonian; then we obtain the spin susceptibility where the size of the effective interaction is determined so as to satisfy a sum rule. For MnO and NiO, the obtained spin wave dispersions show good agreement with experiments, in contrast to the cases in the local density approximation (LDA) and in the LDA+U. These results support our claim that the independent-particle picture is powerful enough even for materials like NiO and MnO classified to the Mott insulator, that is, the quasiparticle pictures by QSGW work well to describe their linear responses. For ?-MnAs, we find a collinear ferromagnetic ground state in QSGW, while this phase is unstable in the LDA.
The Impact of Margin Requirements on Voluntary Clearing Decisions

We analyze the determinants of financial entities’ choices of whether to voluntarily designate trades for central clearing. In particular, we evaluate the impact of the Uncleared Margin Rule (UMR) on the trading and clearing decisions of firms transacting in the multi-trillion-dollar cash-settled foreign exchange swap markets. The UMR is a multi-jurisdiction rule that requires certain market participants to exchange collateral (margin) for uncleared transactions between themselves. We specifically study the effect of this rule for non-deliverable forwards (NDF) since similar contracts – FX deliverable forwards and swaps - are exempt from the rule in the U.S. and hence constitute a useful control group. In a difference-in-differences setting, we find that compared to FX forwards and swaps, the UMR resulted in firms choosing to clear a higher percentage of their swaps in the NDF market. To understand the forces behind firms’ clearing decisions, we make use of a regulatory data set that includes the identities of the parties to each swap. We show that increased clearing is due almost exclusively to the actions of clearing members, suggesting that the differential cost of clearing for these entities plays a major role in clearing decisions. Consistent with theory, we find the ability to net swap exposure at the central clearing party is one of the drivers behind the decision to clear.
Computed tomography associated radiation exposure in children with craniosynostosis

The role of computed tomography (CT) for diagnosis and surgical planning for craniosynostosis (CS) is well-established. The aim of this study was to quantify the cumulative medical radiation exposure from CT in patients with CS at a tertiary care children’s hospital. Medical records of patients who presented at 6 months, 5.3 ± 1.9 versus 4.3 ± 1.4 mSv, respectively (p = 0.001). Patients with nonsyndromic CS undergo 2 CT scans on average related to their diagnosis, with a mean total ERD of 9.1 mSv; this is equivalent to 1.5 years of the average annual background radiation dose a person living in the USA will encounter from environmental radiation, medical exposures, and consumer products. A CT obtained at < 6 months is associated with a higher ERD; thus, we recommend delaying imaging from the initial presentation to the time of pre-operative planning when possible.
The Association between Implementation an Enhanced Recovery after Cesarean Pathway with Standardized Discharge Prescriptions and Opioid Use and Pain Experience after Cesarean Delivery

Objective This study was aimed to evaluate opioid use after cesarean delivery (CD) and to assess implementation of an enhanced recovery after CD (ERAS-CD) pathway and its association with inpatient and postdischarge pain control and opioid use. Study Design We conducted a baseline survey of women who underwent CD from January to March 2017 at a single, urban academic hospital. Patients were called 5 to 8 days after discharge and asked about their pain and postdischarge opioid use. An ERAS-CD pathway was implemented as a quality improvement initiative, including use of nonopioid analgesia and standardization of opioid discharge prescriptions to ≤25 tablets of oxycodone of 5 mg. From November to January 2019, a postimplementation survey was conducted to assess the association between this initiative and patients' pain control and postoperative opioid use, both inpatient and postdischarge. Results Data were obtained from 152 women preimplementation (PRE) and 137 women post-implementation (POST); complete survey data were obtained from 102 women PRE and 98 women POST. The median inpatient morphine milligram equivalents consumed per patient decreased significantly from 141 [range: 90–195] PRE to 114 [range: 45–168] POST (p = 0.002). On a 0- to 10-point scale, median patient-reported pain scores at discharge decreased significantly (PRE: 7 [range: 5–8] vs. POST 5 [range: 3–7], p Conclusion Implementing an ERAS-CD pathway was associated with a significant decrease in inpatient and postdischarge opioid consumption while improving pain control. Our data suggest that even fewer pills could be prescribed for some patients. Key Points
Trans-ethnic Meta-analysis of Interactions between Genetics and Early Life Socioeconomic Context on Memory Performance and Decline in Older Americans.

Later life cognitive function is influenced by genetics as well as early- and later-life socioeconomic context. However, few studies have examined the interaction between genetics and early childhood factors. Using gene-based tests (iSKAT/iSKAT-O), we examined whether common and/or rare exonic variants in 39 gene regions previously associated with cognitive performance, dementia, and related traits had an interaction with childhood socioeconomic context (parental education and financial strain) on memory performance or decline in European ancestry (EA, N=10,468) and African ancestry (AA, N=2,252) participants from the Health and Retirement Study. Of the 39 genes, 22 in EA and 19 in AA had nominally significant interactions with at least one childhood socioeconomic measure on memory performance and/or decline; however, all but one (father's education by SLC24A4 in AA) were not significant after multiple testing correction (FDR <0.05). In trans-ethnic meta-analysis, two genes interacted with childhood socioeconomic context (FDR <0.05): mother's education by MS4A4A on memory performance, and father's education by SLC24A4 on memory decline. Both interactions remained significant (p<0.05) after adjusting for respondent's own educational attainment, APOE e4 status, lifestyle factors, BMI, and comorbidities. For both interactions in EA and AA, the genetic effect was stronger in participants with low parental education. Examination of common and rare variants in genes discovered through GWAS shows that childhood context may interact with key gene regions to jointly impact later life memory function and decline. Genetic effects may be more salient for those with lower childhood socioeconomic status.