cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance Variability of La ( Sr ) FeO3 SOFC Cathode with Pt, Ag, and Au Current Collectors

This investigation details relatively short-term (500 hours) performance characteristics (in particular cathode conditioning and degradation) of anode-supported SOFCs utilizing La(Sr)FeO3 cathodes with platinum, silver or gold current collectors. Conditioning or degradation characteristics were found to be highly dependant on the current collector used. An additional area of study considered transient cell behavior following rest periods at open circuit voltage (zero current). Three types of behavior were observed (1) decreased performance after OCV hold, (2) increased performance after OCV hold, and (3) no discernible change. The type of transient behavior was found to be dependent on the noble metal current collector utilized, and the time at which the transient behavior was assessed. Longer testing times indicated more pronounced transient characteristics.
Modeling Urban/Wildland Interface Fire Hazards within a Geographic Information System

Abstract This paper models and assesses the risk of a class of uncontrollable fire, firestorms in the East Bay hills, San Francisco Bay, California. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is constructed which provides R frame-work For quantifying fine hazard in a heterogeneous landscape. Two models, one to assess the wildland fire hazard and the other to assess the urban/residential fire hazard, are integrated and embedded within the GIS to map regional and neighbourhood risk. The models generate a hazard assessment map comprised of polygons which represent the results of quantitative multivariate analysis. The system allows for future adjustment of one or all of the parameters as policy is implemented and hazardous conditions are mitigated. This features provides a mechanism for accounting and feedback allowing for the appraisal of the success of mitigation.
Use of poly(ester-sulfonic acid) film-coated electrodes as amperometric detectors in flow injection analysis.

Abstract Within the past several years significant advances have been made towards the development and incorporation of chemically modified electrodes as selective detectors for high performance liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis. In many cases the chemically modified electrode systems closely approach the “ideal” detector specifications of chemical and mechanical stability along with a significant linear response region. This paper will discuss the characterization and incorporation of ionomeric poly(ester-sulfonic acid) coated electrodes as nonaqueous electrochemical detectors. The orientation of the electrodes in the detector system as well as the increased sensitivity levels to 10 −10 g ml −1 for cationic species and 10 −9 g ml −1 for neutral species will be presented. Also the applicability of the ionomer coated electrodes as nonelectrolyte detectors achieved a reproducible response with detection limits to 10 −6 g ml −1 . Overall this system performed as well as, or better than, more specialized and expensive thin layer electrochemical detectors.
Disruption of antennal morphogenesis in Bracon hebetor by exposure to triethylamine

Exposing third instar larvae of the wasp Bracon hebetor to triethylamine (TEA) results in malformed antennae in eclosing adults. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of TEA at the cellular level. Rate of growth of treated antennal buds (56–76 h) and mean size (76–96 h) were significantly reduced. Internal pH was elevated for 5 h after TEA exposure. Cell size remained constant except in treated buds from 76 to 96 h, when diameter was reduced. The mean mitotic index (MI) was reduced and a normal peak at 72–76 h was eliminated. Cell death (DI) increased. Increased DI and decreased MI from 0 to 5 hours after exposure are attributed to increased pH. TEA can form reactive alkylating intermediates, and loss of the MI peak 12 h after exposure accompanied by increased DI may be due to alkylation. It is concluded that the reduced number of segments is due to an overall reduction in total number of cells. Abnormal segmentation may involve alkylation induced somatic mutations.
Cosmological solutions of Hořava-Witten theory

We discuss cosmological solutions of Ho{hacek r}ava-Witten theory describing the strongly coupled heterotic string. At energies below the grand-unified scale, the effective theory is five, not four, dimensional, where the additional coordinate parametrizes an S{sup 1}/Z{sub 2} orbifold. Furthermore, it admits no homogeneous solutions. Rather, the static vacuum state, appropriate for a reduction to four-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric models, is a BPS domain wall pair. Relevant cosmological solutions are those associated with this BPS state. In particular, such solutions must be inhomogeneous, depending on the orbifold coordinate as well as on time. We present two examples of this new type of cosmological solution, obtained by separation of variables rather than by exchange of the time and radius coordinates of a brane solution, as in previous work. The first example represents the analogue of a rolling radii solution with the radii specifying the geometry of the domain wall pair. This is generalized in the second example to include a nontrivial {open_quotes}Ramond-Ramond{close_quotes} scalar. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
The Asset Pricing Effects of Fixed Holding Costs: An Upper Bound

The Capital Asset Pricing Model predicts that investors will hold diversified portfolios, but many households actually hold very few assets. The paper examines the asset pricing implications of one possible explanation for this phenomenon, fixed costs of holding assets. While earlier authors found the exact asset pricing effects of such costs in single-period models under restrictive assumptions, I derive a general upper bound on these effects that is also valid in continuous time. Illustrative calculations reveal that large holding costs must be postulated to generate significant asset pricing effects.
Synchrotron tomography of a boreal forest bark beetle

The tomography beamline X27A at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory was used to study the destructive spruce bark beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby). The x-ray computed microtomography (CMT) instrument is equipped with filtered white x-ray beam with energy of around 18 keV and, alternatively, a monochromatic beam with energy of around 4 to 14 keV and a 1% band pass. The instrument records microtomographic volumes with 10 8 to 10 9 voxels and spatial resolution down to about 3- micron voxels. Three-dimensional image reconstruction provides density and spatial information about solid heterogeneous forms. We have demonstrated that CMT images can be used to nondestructively characterize the internal structure of the beetle - symbiont fungal complex as part of an effort to understand the role of these organisms in the devastation of spruce forests throughout south-central Alaska.
Histochemical studies of the formazan reaction. II. The conversion of periodate-reactive mucosubstances into diphenyl and phenyl-4'-diazo-3, 3'-dimethoxybiphenyl formazans and related derivatives.

SYNOPSIS Periodate-reactive mucosubstances have been converted into highly-coloured formazans (as predicted in a previous paper; Stoward, 1967b) by treating periodate-oxidized sections of fixed tissue first with Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride in phosphate buffer (pH 4–6) and then with tetrazotized 3,3′-dimethoxybenzidene fluoro-borate (TDMBF) in aqueous pyridine. The colours of such mucosubstance formazans varied from red through brown and yellow to purple. When diazotized aniline fluoroborate was substituted for TDMBF, the mucosubstance formazans thus obtained were yellow and difficult to distinguish from the surrounding connective tissue. The uptake of excess TDMBF by carboxyl groups of connective-tissue proteins was prevented by methylating tissue sections beforehand with methanolic thionyl chloride. Most mucosubstance formazans synthesized in such tissues usually contrasted better with the surrounding connective tissue than in unmethylated sections, but their intensity of colour was reduced. In such methylated sections glycogen did not form a formazan and a few mucosubstance “formazans” were colourless. Some mucosubstance formazans in methylated sections coupled substantially with l-amino-8-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid, but others did not appear to do so. The wide range of colours and properties exhibited by mucosubstance formazans in situ are probably related to the structure of the periodate-oxidized “dialdehyde” saccharide units of the mucosubstance from which the formazans were derived. In some periodate-oxidized mucosubstances such as those in hamster colonic mucous cells, the “dialdehydes” were probably hydrated and underwent internal condensation to form derivatives which, although they reacted with Schiff's reagent, could not be converted into formazans. The several experimental factors which affected the yield and colour of mucosubstance formazans in situ were investigated thoroughly.
New soil-water characteristic curve and its performance in the finite-element simulation of unsaturated soils.

AbstractAmong the many constitutive equations, the moisture-suction relationship, also known as the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC), is one of the important relationships needed for modeling the dynamics of unsaturated soils using the finite-element method. In this study, a new SWCC equation is developed that uses four fitting parameters including the maximum possible suction. The new model predicts the experimental data of various soils well for a wide range of degrees of saturation (DOS), especially in high suction (above 10,000 kPa). Predicting the higher suction at low DOS is one of the deficiencies of the widely used Brooks and Corey, van Genuchten, and Fredlund and Xing models. The numerical stability and performance of the proposed, and other widely used models, are investigated by implementing these models within in a simplified finite-element program for the dynamics of unsaturated soil and simulating static and dynamic problems. For the midrange DOS, all of the aforementioned models pred...
A Spermatozoal Stain for Clinical Studies1

Numerous methods have been described for staining human spermatozoa. Some of these, produce excellent results. As a rule, however, the methods which give the best results require several hours or days for completion. This fact makes them more suited to research problems than to clinical studies. Technicians not uncommonly experience difficulty in reproducing results when employing the staining methods of other workers. In our laboratory we have not been able to produce satisfactory stains with any one of several generally accepted clinical methods for staining smears of human seminal fluid. We have developed, therefore, a method for clinical use which has proved satisfactory in our hands. This report presents the details of this method. method Smears of the seminal fluid are made, as soon as the specimen has liquefied, by drawing a drop of seminal fluid over a glass slide with the end of another slide. The smears are fixed by passing the slides several times through a flame. Staining may be done at this p...
DEVELOPMENT OF CONDUCTIVE POLYESTER CONCRETE FOR BRIDGE-DECK CATHODIC PROTECTION AND ICE CONTROL

An electrically conductive polymer concrete was developed and field tested by the California Department of Transportation. The conductive polymer concrete was a blend of polyester resin, mineral aggregate, and carbon in the form of coke breeze. After laboratory work it was used as an anode for cathodic protection (CP) of reinforcing steel on two bridge decks and used as a heater on another. The first CP system was placed on an entire bridge deck in 1988. Field data generated from 1988 to 1996 indicated it was quite successful, although there were some shortcomings. Following improvements a second bridge deck CP system is being placed. Use of the polymer as a heater was tried in 1990 by placing a 3 m2 (10 ft2) test section on a deck located on I-80 in the Sierra Nevada mountains. The heater was evaluated during the winter of 1990-1991. The results of the evaluation indicated such a heater is feasible.
Expression of HoxD genes in developing and regenerating axolotl limbs.

Hox genes play a critical role in the development of the vertebrate axis and limbs, and previous studies have implicated them in the specification of positional identity, the control of growth, and the timing of differentiation. Axolotl limbs offer an opportunity to distinguish these alternatives because the sequence of skeletal differentiation is reversed along the anterior-posterior axis relative to that of other tetrapods. We report that during early limb development, expression patterns of HoxD genes in axolotls resemble those in amniotes and anuran amphibians. At later stages, the anterior boundary of Hoxd-11 expression is conserved with respect to morphological landmarks, but there is no anterior-distal expansion of the posterior domain of Hoxd-11 expression similar to that observed in mice and chicks. Since axolotls do not form an expanded paddle-like handplate prior to digit differentiation, we suggest that anterior expansion of expression in higher vertebrates is linked to the formation of the handplate, but is clearly not necessary for digit differentiation. We also show that the 5' HoxD genes are reexpressed during limb regeneration. The change in the expression pattern of Hoxd-11 during the course of regeneration is consistent with the hypothesis that the distal tip of the regenerate is specified first, followed by intercalation of intermediate levels of the pattern. Both Hoxd-8 and Hoxd-10 are expressed in non-regenerating wounds, but Hoxd-11 is specific for regeneration. It is also expressed in the posterior half of nerve-induced supernumerary outgrowths.
Compressor unsteady aerodynamic response to rotating stall and surge excitations

A series of experiments are performed in an extensively instrumented three-stage axial flow research compressor to investigate the fundamental aeromechanics of compressor flow instabilities, including pure rotating stall, classic surge, and the stable modified surge flow regimes between these two modes. In particular, the flow-induced vibration forcing functions together with the resulting blade row unsteady aerodynamic response generated by these various compressor flow instabilities are measured with a rotating cross hot-wire, with the resulting blade row gust response measured with dynamic pressure transducers embedded in the first-stage rotor blading. The forcing function data are analyzed in terms of the streamwise and transverse gust components and the mean rotor relative velocity, with the unsteady rotor blade row gust response specified by the unsteady lift response to each instability mode. The data show that rotating stall excites a relatively constant rotor blade response, approximately 27% of the steady loading. Surge excites an unsteady response proportional to the level of surge present in the instability mode, thereby increasing as the B parameter increases. However, the absolute level of the response resulting from surge is considerably less than the rotating stall generated response, approximately 37-67%.
In Vivo Modulation of O-GlcNAc Levels Regulates Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity through Interplay with Phosphorylation *

O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a cytosolic and nuclear carbohydrate post-translational modification most abundant in brain. We recently reported uniquely extensive O-GlcNAc modification of proteins that function in synaptic vesicle release and post-synaptic signal transduction. Here we examined potential roles for O-GlcNAc in mouse hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity. O-GlcNAc modifications and the enzyme catalyzing their addition (O-GlcNAc transferase) were enriched in hippocampal synaptosomes. Pharmacological elevation or reduction of O-GlcNAc levels had no effect on Schaffer collateral CA1 basal hippocampal synaptic transmission. However, in vivo elevation of O-GlcNAc levels enhanced long term potentiation (LTP), an electrophysiological correlate to some forms of learning/memory. Reciprocally, pharmacological reduction of O-GlcNAc levels blocked LTP. Additionally, elevated O-GlcNAc led to reduced paired-pulse facilitation, a form of short term plasticity attributed to presynaptic mechanisms. Synapsin I and II are presynaptic proteins that increase synaptic vesicle availability for release when phosphorylated, thus contributing to hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Synapsins are among the most extensively O-GlcNAc-modified proteins known. Elevating O-GlcNAc levels increased phosphorylation of Synapsin I/II at serine 9 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate site), serine 62/67 (Erk 1/2 (MAPK 1/2) substrate site), and serine 603 (calmodulin kinase II site). Activation-specific phosphorylation events on Erk 1/2 and calmodulin kinase II, two proteins required for CA1 hippocampal LTP establishment, were increased in response to elevation of O-GlcNAc levels. Thus, O-GlcNAc is a novel regulatory signaling component of excitatory synapses, with specific roles in synaptic plasticity that involve interplay with phosphorylation.
Intrinsic sulfite content of isolated soy proteins

Commercial isolated soy proteins (ISP) contain 22 and 31 ppm sulfite as measured by the optimized Monier-Williams method (Sulfites in Foods, Official Methods of Analysis, 16th edn., AOAC, Washington, DC, 1995, Official Method 990.28). A method was developed to cryogenically trap and quantify the sulfur dioxide produced by this method using GC-MS. The same commercial ISP samples were found to contain 17 and 26 ppm sulfite, respectively, with GC-MS. ISP prepared in the laboratory contained 33 ppm sulfur dioxide, and defatted soybean flakes contained only a trace. Adding dithiothreitol after beginning the boiling step of the Monier-Williams assay had no significant effect on the sulfite content of a commercial ISP, whereas adding dithiothreitol prior to bringing the sample to a boil reduced the sulfite content from 17 to about 1 ppm.
Increased expression of type I collagen induced by microfibril‐associated glycoprotein 2: Novel mechanistic insights into the molecular basis of dermal fibrosis in scleroderma

Objective Mutations in fibrillin 1, a key component of extracellular microfibrils, are associated with connective tissue disorders such as Marfan's syndrome or skin fibrosis in the tight skin mouse model of scleroderma. Previous studies have suggested that fibrillin 1 mediates skin fibrosis via its interface with associated microfibrillar proteins and type I collagen; in particular, microfibril-associated glycoprotein 2 (MAGP-2), an extracellular matrix protein that binds to fibrillins and the αvβ3 integrin, is increased in TSK mouse and human scleroderma skin. Because the function of MAGP-2 in the biologic processes of the matrix remains unknown, this study investigated whether MAGP-2 regulates type I collagen. Methods Fibroblast cultures conditionally overexpressing MAGP-2 were developed. Cells were analyzed by Western blotting, Northern blotting, pulse-chase analysis, and immunofluorescence to assess the effect of MAGP-2 on type I collagen. Results Cells overexpressing MAGP-2 formed increased MAGP-2 matrix and showed a 3-fold increase in intracellular type I procollagen. This increase was associated with increased levels of type I collagen in the medium and matrix. Increased type I collagen colocalized with the MAGP-2 matrix. MAGP-2 overexpression had no effect on type I procollagen messenger RNA, but markedly increased the half-life of type I procollagen. MAGP-2 induced type I collagen even under conditions in which no MAGP-2 matrix was detectable, and did not require the presence of the RGD motif of MAGP-2 in its integrin-binding site. Conclusion This study shows that MAGP-2 stabilizes type I procollagen, identifying an important function of MAGP-2 in extracellular matrix homeostasis. It also suggests that MAGP-2 might mediate skin fibrosis in TSK mice and in patients with scleroderma.
Highly Anisotropic THz Plasmonic Filter created using a K-Space Design Methodology

We demonstrate a versatile method to filter design in the THz region based on k-space. Using this methodology we show an anisotropic filter where transmittance is varied by 80 percent with rotation in polarization angle.
Depletion layer effects on the response of the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance

Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements in solutions of K 3 Fe(CN) 6 or K 4 Fe(CN) 6 reveal a significant frequency response due to changes in the density (ρ) and viscosity (η) of the depletion layer during cyclic voltammetric experiments. Frequency shifts exceeding 15 Hz are obtained with a 5-MHz AT-cut quartz crystal during the voltammetric oxidation of 100 mM Fe(CN) 6 4- (or reduction of Fe(CN) 6 3- ) in 1.0 M Na 2 SO 4 solutions
Fluorescent primuline derivatives inhibit hepatitis C virus NS3-catalyzed RNA unwinding, peptide hydrolysis and viral replicase formation.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) multifunctional nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) is a protease that cleaves viral and host proteins and a helicase that separates DNA and RNA structures in reactions fueled by ATP hydrolysis. Li et al. (J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55:3319-3330) recently synthesized a series of new NS3 helicase inhibitors from the benzothiazole dimer component of the fluorescent yellow dye primuline. This study further characterizes a subset of these primuline derivatives with respect to their specificity, mechanism of action, and effect on cells harboring HCV subgenomic replicons. All compounds inhibited DNA and RNA unwinding catalyzed by NS3 from different HCV genotypes, but only some inhibited the NS3 protease function, and few had any effect on HCV NS3 catalyzed ATP hydrolysis. A different subset were potent inhibitors of RNA stimulated ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by the related NS3 protein from Dengue virus. In assays monitoring intrinsic protein fluorescence in the absence of nucleic acids, the compounds cooperatively bound NS3 with Kd’s that reflect their potency in assays. The fluorescent properties of the primuline derivatives both in vitro and in cells are also described. The primuline derivative that was the most active against subgenomic replicons in cells caused a 14-fold drop in HCV RNA levels (IC50 = 5 ± 2 µM). In cells, the most effective primuline derivative did not inhibit the cellular activity of NS3 protease but disrupted HCV replicase structures.
Counterion free colorimetric metal cation sensor array.

By a systematic ionic effect study in colorimetric dye arrays, we effectively suppressed the anion effect using the proper buffer condition and configured a universal cation sensor system. This result cast a warning for careful validation for other anion sensing systems in aqueous solution.
Ultrasound characterization of the infertile male testis with rf power spectrum analysis

Objective: To investigate and diagnose testicular pathology in patients with testicular dysfunction using the technique of ultrasound power spectrum analysis. Methods: Testicular ultrasound studies with power spectrum tissue characterization analysis were performed on men with testicular abnormalities as well as normal controls. Semen analysis, biopsy data, microscopic intra-operative findings and data pertaining to testicular function were collected for each surgically evaluated subject. Ultrasound data were analyzed for power spectrum characteristics of microscopic scatterer size and concentration within discrete areas of testicular tissue. Results: Patients with varicoceles and greater than 2x106 sperm/ml on semen analysis had larger average scatterer size (107.7 micrometers ) and lower scatterer concentration (-15.02 dB) than non-obstructed, azoospermic patients with varicoceles (92.4 micrometers and -11.41 dB, respectively). Subjects with obstructed azoospermia had slightly larger average tissue scatterer size (108.1 micrometers ) and lower concentration (-15.73 dB) while normal control data revealed intermediate values of size (102.3 micrometers ) and concentration (-13.1 dB) of scatterers. Spectral data from pure testicular seminoma lesions had the lowest average scatterer size (82.3 micrometers ) with low relative concentration (-14.7 dB). Summary: Ultrasound tissue characterization based on RF spectrum analysis may distinguish different types of testicular pathology including obstructed and non-obstructed azoospermia and tissue changes due to varicocele and tumor.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Adaptive modification of time evolving meshes

The accuracy of a finite element computation depends on the mesh size and the distribution of mesh points. Adapting the mesh to capture the salient features in the finite element computation can provide a much more accurate solution without imposing an excessive increase in mesh size and computational cost. When the shape of the meshed domain is evolving in time mesh adaptation is essential in order to maintain conformity of the mesh with the domain boundaries. Mesh adaptation for time evolving domains can be accomplished through a combination of mesh movement with mesh modification by selective coarsening and enrichment of various regions in the mesh. Large deformations of the computational domain and boundary can be accommodated if overall mesh quality is maintained after each adaptation cycle.
Clamping Variables and Approximate Inference

It was recently proved using graph covers (Ruozzi, 2012) that the Bethe partition function is upper bounded by the true partition function for a binary pairwise model that is attractive. Here we provide a new, arguably simpler proof from first principles. We make use of the idea of clamping a variable to a particular value. For an attractive model, we show that summing over the Bethe partition functions for each sub-model obtained after clamping any variable can only raise (and hence improve) the approximation. In fact, we derive a stronger result that may have other useful implications. Repeatedly clamping until we obtain a model with no cycles, where the Bethe approximation is exact, yields the result. We also provide a related lower bound on a broad class of approximate partition functions of general pairwise multi-label models that depends only on the topology. We demonstrate that clamping a few wisely chosen variables can be of practical value by dramatically reducing approximation error.
Association of serum phosphorus with left ventricular mass in men and women with stable cardiovascular disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study.

Background Higher serum phosphorus levels are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in the general population, an association that may be stronger in men. Estradiol has phosphaturic properties. Whether higher serum phosphorus levels are associated with left ventricular (LV) mass in persons without end-stage renal disease and whether the association is modified by sex is unknown. Study Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting & Participants 978 outpatients with stable CVD. Predictor The primary predictor variable was serum phosphorus level. Sex was evaluated as an effect modifier. Outcome & Measurements LV mass using transthoracic echocardiography. Results The association of serum phosphorus level with LV mass differed by sex (interaction P = 0.04). In models adjusted for age, race, kidney function, smoking, diabetes, blood pressure, cholesterol level, C-reactive protein level, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use, each 1-mg/dL higher serum phosphorus level was associated with 4.52-g/m2 greater LV mass (95% CI, 1.04-8.01; P = 0.01) in men. Conversely, in women, no statistically significant association was found between serum phosphorus level and LV mass. Limitations Older adult population with stable CVD; 19% were women. Conclusions In outpatients with stable CVD, higher serum phosphorus levels are associated with greater LV mass in men, but not women. Whether sex hormones may account for these differences requires future study.
Epilepsy surgery for the neurocutaneous disorders

Patients with neurophakomatoses were not always considered to be candidates for surgical resection of epileptogenic foci, given the multifocal nature of their disease. Advances in imaging, monitoring, and surgical technique have allowed the identification of particularly active areas of cortex that may provide these patients with better seizure control than medications alone. Options for surgical resection range from focal resections (in those with localized disease) to hemispherectomies (in those with hemispheric involvement).
Towards understanding the Paleocean

Abstract A comparison is made between some of the framework used to discuss Paleoceanography and parallel situations in modern physical oceanography. A main inference is that too often the paleo literature aims to rationalize why a particular hypothesis remains appropriate, rather than undertaking to deliberately test that hypothesis.
Making a Difference in the Teamwork: Linking Team Prosocial Motivation to Team Processes and Effectiveness

Although the importance of team motivation has been increasingly emphasized, few studies have focused on prosocial motivation. Integrating theories on team effectiveness with prosocial motivation, we propose a theoretical model that links team prosocial motivation to team effectiveness as mediated by team processes. Team process is captured through the task-driven process of team cooperation and the affect-based team viability, and team effectiveness is operationalized as team performance, team organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and team voluntary turnover. The model is tested in Study 1, a field study with three-source data collected from 310 members of 67 work teams over four time periods, and Study 2, a laboratory experiment with 124 four-person teams in which team prosocial motivation is manipulated. In Studies 1 and 2, we find support for indirect effects of team prosocial motivation on team performance and team OCB through the mediating role of team cooperation. Team voluntary turnover is indirectly affected by team prosocial motivation through team viability. Furthermore, in both studies the indirect effects of team prosocial motivation on team performance and team OCB through team cooperation and on team voluntary turnover through team viability are stronger when the nature of the teams’ work requires greater task interdependence.
p300-Mediated Tax Transactivation from Recombinant Chromatin: Histone Tail Deletion Mimics Coactivator Function

Efficient transcription of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) genome requires Tax, a virally encoded oncogenic transcription factor, in complex with the cellular transcription factor CREB and the coactivators p300/CBP. To examine Tax transactivation in vitro, we used a chromatin assembly system that included recombinant core histones. The addition of Tax, CREB, and p300 to the HTLV-1 promoter assembled into chromatin activated transcription several hundredfold. Chromatin templates selectively lacking aminoterminal histone tails demonstrated enhanced transcriptional activation by Tax and CREB, with significantly reduced dependence on p300 and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Interestingly, Tax/CREB activation from the tailless chromatin templates retained a substantial requirement for acetyl-CoA, indicating a role for acetylCoA beyond histone acetylation. These data indicate that during Tax transcriptional activation, the aminoterminal histone tails are the major targets of p300 and that tail deletion and acetylation are functionally equivalent.
Complement and Infectious Agents

The complement system mediates numerous host defense reactions. These include the production of an acute inflammatory response, which aids in the localization and destruction of an infectious agent; the elimination of pathogens by opsonization and phagocytosis or by extracellular killing; and immunoregulation, which enhances the generation of specific immune responses. These actions and their mechanisms are considered here.
Differential Regional and Subtype-Specific Vulnerability of Enteric Neurons to Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central mediator of disease progression in diverse neurodegenerative diseases that often present with prominent gastrointestinal abnormalities. Gastrointestinal dysfunction in these disorders is related, at least in part, to defects in the enteric nervous system (ENS). The role of mitochondrial deficits in ENS neurodegeneration and their relative contribution to gastrointestinal dysfunction, however, are unclear. To better understand how mitochondrial abnormalities in the ENS influence enteric neurodegeneration and affect intestinal function, we generated mice (Tfam-ENSKOs) with impaired mitochondrial metabolism in enteric neurons and glia through the targeted deletion of the mitochondrial transcription factor A gene (Tfam). Tfam-ENSKO mice were initially viable but, at an early age, they developed severe gastrointestinal motility problems characterized by intestinal pseudo-obstruction resulting in premature death. This gastrointestinal dysfunction was caused by extensive, progressive neurodegeneration of the ENS involving both neurons and glia. Interestingly, mitochondrial defects differentially affected specific subpopulations of enteric neurons and regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Mitochondrial deficiency-related neuronal and glial loss was most prominent in the proximal small intestine, but the first affected neurons, nitrergic inhibitory neurons, had the greatest losses in the distal small intestine. This regional and subtype-specific variability in susceptibility to mitochondrial defects resulted in an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory neurons that likely accounts for the observed phenotype in Tfam-ENSKO mice. Mitochondrial dysfunction, therefore, is likely to be an important driving force of neurodegeneration in the ENS and contribute to gastrointestinal symptoms in people with neurodegenerative disorders.
Performance of Finishing Steers on Corn Silage or Forage Sorghum Silage with Corn Oil Supplementation1

Thirty-two crossbred Angus steers (initial BW 524.9 ± 63.3 kg; age 24 mo) were fed a free-choice TMR con
Antitrust Statutory Supplement (2010 Edition)

Contains principal federal antitrust laws of the United States for use in a law school course.
How to Decipher OCT After PCI.

Starting with quantitative coronary analysis in the 1980s [(1)][1], several methods to improve on visual assessments of coronary lesions have been developed, including intravascular ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy [(2–5)][2]. In recent years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has gained
Charging Infrastructure Required to Support U.S. Electric Vehicle Deployment: A Cost Estimate through 2025

Although U.S. policies encourage adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), they make up a small share (less than one percent) of U.S. vehicle sales. There are many challenges to increasing PEV market share-one of which is the lack of public charging infrastructure, which may reduce consumer acceptance and confidence in PEVs. This paper highlights issues surrounding new charging infrastructure, documents existing infrastructure, and discusses the role of policy in supporting installation of new infrastructure. Eight states have set a goal of having 3.3 million registered Zero Emissions Vehicles (ZEVs)-most of which will be PEVs-in operation by 2025; this target is used to estimate the cost of expanding infrastructure in those states over the next decade.
Interaction of the renal nerves and prostaglandins on the phosphaturic response to PTH in phosphate-deprived rats

Previous studies demonstrated that catecholamines modulate the phosphaturic response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) in normal rats. The present study was performed to determine the effect of unilateral renal denervation (DNX) and the interaction with prostaglandin synthesis on the blunted phosphaturic response to PTH in phosphate-deprived rats. One week before the acute experiment, rats were anesthetized, and the left kidney was denervated or sham surgery was performed. Rats were fed either a low-phosphate diet (LPD, 0.07%) or a normal-phosphate diet (NPD, 0.7%) for 2 days before the experiment. All rats were thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX). Control clearances were taken from the left kidney 2 h after TPTX. PTH (33 U/kg + 1 U.kg-1.min-1) was infused for 45 min, and then the urine collections were repeated. In phosphate-deprived rats with an innervated kidney, PTH infusion resulted in a blunted phosphaturic response [changed fractional excretion of phosphate (delta FEPi) of 9.2 +/- 3.7%, n = 9] compared with rats fed NPD (delta FEPi 45.7 +/- 9.3%, n = 6) or those in the phosphate-deprived group with renal DNX (delta FEPi 23.6 +/- 5.0%, n = 12). Indomethacin pretreatment (3 mg/kg) markedly attenuated the phosphaturic response to PTH in phosphate-deprived rats with a denervated kidney (delta FEPi, 3.2 +/- 1.3%, n = 7) but not in animals fed an LPD with innervated kidneys or in rats fed an NPD. Infusion of Iloprost (2 ng.kg-1.min-1), a stable prostaglandin I2 analogue, in indomethacin-treated phosphate-deprived rats enhanced the phosphaturic response to PTH in rats with a denervated kidney (delta FEPi 17.3 +/- 3.5%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Functional and Dysfunctional Strategies for Managing Conflict

This study suggests that strategies for handling interpersonal conflict can be classified as functional and dysfunctional and provides some evidence that functional strategies are associated with greater positive outcomes than dysfunctional strategies. There are various styles of handling interpersonal conflict, such as integrating, obliging, dominating, avoiding, and compromising and using one combination of styles may be functional than using another combination of styles. A functional strategy is associated with greater use of the integrating and lower use of avoiding styles plus greater use of the obliging and lower use of the dominating styles. A dysfunctional strategy is associated with greater use of the avoiding and lower use of the integrating styles plus greater use of the dominating and lower use of the obliging styles. Analysis of questionnaire data in several samples provided support for the hypothesis that the use of functional strategy, but not the dysfunctional strategy, is associated with better job performance and organizational citizenship behavior.
Neural Engineering

Our lab investigates how the brain turns thought into voluntary behaviors. At the core of this problem is understanding higher level neural coding- how populations of neurons represent complex information. To study neural coding we are developing novel multielectrode recording arrays suitable for chronic implantation in the cerebral cortex. We are using these multielectrode arrays to examine the coding of goal directed reaching by ensembles of cerebral cortical neurons and to examine how ensembles change when a new motor skill is learned. Our laboratory works closely with several other Brown Brain Science faculty members to develop and test theories of higher order representation and to generate new mathematical tools to examine neural codes. We are also applying our knowledge of neural codes for movement to build brain computer interfaces. These devices can potentially be used a neural prosthetic to restore movement to paralyzed humans.
Post-relapse survival after haploidentical transplantation vs matched-related or matched-unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation

Relapse remains a major cause of mortality among patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The impact of donor type on post-relapse survival (PRS) has not been widely examined. We compared the survival outcomes for patients relapsing after haploidentical donor transplantation (HIDT) using post-transplant cyclophosphamide with those relapsing after matched-related donor transplantation (MRDT) or matched-unrelated donor transplantation (MUDT) at our institution. Two hundred and thirty-seven consecutive HCT recipients with relapse occurring after HIDT (N=48), MUDT (N=87) and MRDT (N=102) were included in this analysis. Median age was 49 years (19-77 years) and the median time to relapse was 156 days (12-2465) after HCT. HIDT recipients had similar median time to relapse (5.8 vs 4.8 vs 5.5 months, P=0.638) compared with MUDT and MRDT, respectively. One-year PRS was worse among HIDT recipients compared with MRDT and MUDT (17% vs 46% vs 40%, P 3 months post transplant), no use of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) following relapse, higher Dana Farber disease risk index and HCT comorbidity index scores at the time of transplant and delayed platelet engraftment post transplant were all predictive of worse PRS. This analysis shows that 1-year PRS is inferior among HIDT when compared with MRDT or MUDT. Lower use of DLI after HIDT may have contributed to this inferior survival.
The Relative Longevity of Different Streptococci and Possible Errors in the Isolation and Differentiation of Streptococci

In the study of a large number of strains of streptococci I am impressed by the marked variation in the viability of the different strains. I have found that many types of streptococci may be stored for months on various media, while on the other hand, one frequently encounters strains that require fresh food material at short intervals. The most favorable media for the preservation of the life of streptococci are those in which the organisms do not readily produce self-destructive substances. Such media are plain serum broth, blood agar, gelatin and others. It is very important that the media do not contain available carbohydrates as the acids formed by fermentation are detrimental to the life of these organisms.
Hanging Together: Divergent Unities in American History

FOR about a decade American historical writing has been characterized by a repudiation of consensus and an invocation of community. Presentday historians seem substantially agreed that many of their predecessors overemphasized unities in American history and society. Yet perhaps never before have so much interest and effort gone into a search for those times and places in which a high degree of solidarity obtained. On first notice, we have here a curious contradiction. The repudiation of consensus was supposed to permit a rediscovery of profound conflicts in our past. It has done so only to a very limited degree. The exciting advances in contemporary scholarship have more to do with understanding cohesive structures: the New England town, the family, the ethnic subculture, the professional and trade associations, the political machines. A moment's reflection dispels the paradox. Historians who are interested in the issues of consensus and community are actually trying to distinguish between true and false communities, between the social arrangements that sustain participants and those that coerce or scatter them. The term "consensus" is commonly applied to a factitious conformity, arising from manipulation and acquiescence. When we speak of "community" we refer to a more authentic, more truly shared bond. To look at American historiography in this light suggests that for some time historians of quite different persuasions have been asking the same questions, though giving different answers. The so-called consensus historians who; came to the fore in the 1950s Richard Hofstadter, David Potter, Louis Hartz, and Daniel Boorstin created the conceptual universe their present-day critics and successors inhabit. Both groups have been studying the possibilities and the limits of social solidarity in our peculiarly amorphous country. A striking feature of this grand enterprise is the high proportion of negative conclusions it has so far produced. At first many historians described
Women's Perspective on the Patriarchy in the 1850s

SOUTHERN women were scarcely to be seen in the political crisis of the 1850s. Historical works dealing with that crucial decade seldom mention a woman unless it is in a footnote citing a significant letter from a male correspondent. In women's own diaries and letters the burgeoning conflict between the North and South almost never inspired comment before John Brown's raid and rarely even then. At the same time, women were a crucial part of one southern response to the mounting outside attack on slavery. The response was an ever more vehement elaboration of what has been called the "domestic metaphor," the image of a beautifully articulated, patriarchal society in which every southerner, black or white, male or female, rich or poor, had an appropriate place and was happy in it. "The negro slaves of the South are the happiest, and, in some sense, the freest people in the world," George Fitzhugh wrote, describing the happy plantation on which none were oppressed by care.' "Public opinion," he stoutly maintained, "unites with self-interest, domestic affection, and municipal law to protect the slave. The man who maltreats the weak and dependent, who abuses his authority over wife, children, or slaves is universally detested." Slavery, Fitzhugh thought, was an admirable educational system as well as an ideal society.2 What Fitzhugh argued in theory many planters tried to make come true in real life. "My people" or "my black and white family" were phrases that rolled easily from their tongues and pens. "I am friend and well wisher both for time and eternity to every one of them . . ." a North Carolinian wrote to his slave overseer upon the death of a slave, expressing
Nurses' Role in Decreasing Cardiopulmonary Damage in a Setting of Necessary Cardiopulmonary Toxic Therapy

s / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 21 (2015) S391eS397 S393 Topic Significance & Study Purpose/Background/ Rationale: The purpose of this study was to determine if adding an instructional video to discharge teaching would standardize and increase efficacy of CVC care discharge teaching conducted by nurses and improve BMT patient and caregiver knowledge and comfort level with CVC care. Central venous catheter (CVC)manipulation and care puts patients at risk of acquiring central-line associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs). Thus it is imperative that caregivers receive standardized education, which takes into account varied learning needs. Research in patient care settings has shown that in addition to traditional patient education methods, videos can provide standardized education and improve both patient knowledge and satisfaction with learning. The current practice at this Academic Medical Facility’s Blood and Marrow Transplant (BMT) program provides patients and caregivers with a written BMT manual describing CVC care, CVC care class, and verbal CVC care teaching prior to discharge. Methods, Intervention, & Analysis: BMT patients and caregivers that received discharge teaching were surveyed to assess their comfort level and knowledge of their CVC care. In addition, nurses who performed CVC care discharge teaching with BMT patients were surveyed regarding their teaching content and procedure. A pilot instructional video demonstrating all aspects of CVC care was developed using current standards. The video was shown to BMT patients and caregivers with preand post-surveys assessing knowledge and comfort level with CVC care. Findings & Interpretation: The nurse surveys as well the patient and caregiver surveys revealed both knowledge and practice discrepancies. The preand post-surveys showed an increase in both CVC care knowledge and comfort level following the viewing of the pilot instructional video. Discussion & Implications: The addition of an instructional video to the current CVC care teaching process will provide standardized CVC care education for patients and caregivers. The video will also ensure that multiple preferred learning methods are being utilized. This is essential in reducing the risk of CVC complications, improving patient knowledge, and increasing patient comfort with CVC care.