cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-aligned lateral field excitation film acoustic resonator with very large electromechanical coupling [FBAR]

This paper describes a self-aligned lateral-field excitation (LFE) film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) that exhibits an electromechanical coupling coefficient (K/sub t//sup 2/) of 10% at 4.1 GHz, albeit a relatively low Q of 35. The unique features of this resonator include: (1) improved energy trapping structure that does not require an electrode gap close to a micron; and (2) a simple two-mask self-aligned fabrication process that eliminates misalignment between the piezoelectric ZnO and the metal electrode.
Photo Quiz: A Man with Fever and Headache.

A 54-year-old HIV-infected man developed fever, headache, diarrhea, and dry cough immediately following a 3-week trip to Haiti in late November 2014 and return to his home located in a wooded area in the Northeastern United States. On presentation to our clinic 2 weeks later, he described his
Photoaffinity Labeling of A4B2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor using [3H]-Labeled Positive Allosteric Modulators

The α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a potential drug target for treating neuropathological and tobacco use disorders. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), which bind o site(s) distinct from the ACh (agonist) binding sites, may provide the required specificity by binding to unique site(s) present only in the α4β2 nAChR. However, the molecular pharmacology of this class of compounds is unclear, and the diversity of PAM binding site(s) have not been determined. In previous work, two radiolabeled α4β2 nAChR PAMs, desformylflustrabromine; ([3H]dFBr, 76 Ci/mmol) and 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-(5-methyl-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H- pyrrazol-4-yl) isoxazole ([3H]CMPI, 16 Ci/mmol) have been prepared and their merits as photoprobes established using Torpedo nAChR as a model (Hamouda et al. 2015, Mol. Pharmacol. 88:1; Hamouda et al. 2016, Mol. Pharmacol. 89: 575). Here we expand these studies to α4β2 nAChR. Using membrane fractions isolated from a HEK-293 cell line stably expressing α4β2 nAChR (HEK-α4β2 nAChR), we are examining the effects of orthosteric ligands, ion channel blockers and other PAMs on the equilibrium binding of [3H]dFBr and [3H]CMPI. In addition, we purified α4β2 nAChRs from HEK-α4β2 nAChR membranes using a bromo-acetylcholine bromide affinity column and performed initial [3H]dFBr and [3H]CMPI analytical photolabelings. When ∼100 μg of affinity-purified α4β2 nAChR and 20 μCi of [3H]dFBr (76 Ci/mmol) or [3H]CMPI (16 Ci/mmol) were used, photolysis at 312 nm for 5 min ([3H]dFBr) or 3 min ([3H]CMPI) resulted in photolabeling efficiency of (pmol of 3H incorporated/pmol of α4β2 nAChR) of ∼0.05% and 0.7%, respectively. Additional analytical [3H]dFBr and [3H]CMPI photolabeling in the presence of other nAChR ligands and preparative photolabeling experiments are in progress to identify amino acids contributing to dFBr and CMPI binding sites.
Effects of Eprinomectin on Bull Reproductive Performance

Parasitic infections in cattle are known to negatively impact cattle performance. It has been demonstrated that anthelmintic treatment that reduces or eliminates worm load can positively influence cattle productivity by increasing a plethora of parameters including weight gain, reproductive efficiency, and carcass characteristics. While parasitic infections pose threats to all cattle, bulls have been found to be more susceptible than their female counterparts and tend to acquire higher worm loads more quickly. While an increased susceptibility in bulls is recognized, little research has been done to determine the effect of anthelmintic treatment on bull reproductive performance and semen quality. This study evaluated the effects of eprinomectin on performance parameters and reproductive function in bulls during the summer grazing and breeding season. We observed no differences in BW and BCS between treatment with either injectable eprinomectin or injectable doramectin. Likewise, semen and reproductive parameters including motility, morphology, scrotal circumference, and scrotal tone were not affected by treatment. Overall, both treatments effectively reduced internal parasite loads during the breeding season. Results from this study that eprinomectin does not negatively impact production or reproductive parameters in reproductively active bulls and is effective at reducing parasitic infection over the course of the breeding season.
The importance of tattoo pigment in sentinel lymph nodes.

Background The presence of pigment in axillary lymph nodes (LN) secondary to migration of tattoo ink can imitate the appearance of a blue sentinel lymph node (SLN) on visual inspection, causing the operator to either miss the true SLN or excise more than is needed. Objective We present patients with tattoos ipsilateral to an early stage breast cancer who underwent a SLN biopsy. Methods Patients were retrospectively reviewed from medical records and clinicopathologic data was collected. A total of 52 LNs were retrieved from 15 patients for sentinel mapping and 29 of them had tattoo pigmentation on pathologic evaluation. Results Of those 29 SLNs, 2 of them (6.9%) were pigmented, but did not contain either blue dye or Tc-99m (pseudopigmented SLN). Two (3.8%) SLNs were positive for metastasis; both of these had either blue dye or Tc99m uptake, and 1 demonstrated tattoo pigment in the node. Conclusions In this cohort of patients with ipsilateral tattoos, removed more LNs lead to unnecessary excision which may important for increasing the risk of arm morbidity from SLN biopsy. However, the presence of tattoo pigment did not interfere with understaging for axillary mapping and it did not effect of pathological identification of SLNs positivity.
Ultrafast Gap Dynamics and Electronic Interactions in a Photoexcited Cuprate Superconductor

New investigations of a type of high-temperature superconductor using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveal new details about the nature of photoexcitation and its relation to superconductivity.
Effective field theory for one-dimensional nonrelativistic particles with contact interaction

We consider a field theory describing interacting nonrelativistic particles of two types, which map to each other under time reversal, with pointlike interaction. We identify an alternative type of interaction which depends on the relative velocity between the particles. We compute the renormalization-group running of the coupling constants and find a fixed point and a fixed line. We show that the scattering amplitudes can be expressed in terms of three parameters. The result matches with a quantum-mechanical analysis and represents the most general pointlike interaction consistent with unitarity and time-reversal invariance.
The role of upper airway anatomy and physiology in obstructive sleep apnea.

SUMMARY Research efforts to date have determined that both anatomic and physiologic variables may contribute to the pathophysiology of OSA. Whether specific factors within either of these two categories will be shown to predominate remains to be seen. Surely, experience with sleep apnea patients teaches us that different variables are important in different OSA patients. However, even those patients who initially appear to have predominantly an anatomic or physiologic cause of their OSA often fail to respond to specific treatment. Treatment failure implies the following: (1) The initial impression of the importance of a given variable was wrong. This may happen in the patient who has a narrow transpalatal airway and fails to respond to uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. In this individual, physiologic variables such as pharyngeal collapsibility or periodic breathing may need to be addressed. Of course, the reverse may occur; patients may be treated pharmacologically for an assumed physiologic mechanism and important anatomic factors may have been overlooked. Our ability to differentiate the importance of these different variables is poor. Therefore, our diagnostic acumen needs further refinement. (2) Of course, it is likely that the proper diagnosis was made, but the therapy chosen was imperfect. In the area of anatomy, investigators are just beginning to try surgical approaches designed specifically for the pharyngeal site of obstruction. In other words, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is not the best approach for everyone. In physiology, treatments beyond continuous positive airway pressure will be needed. It is hoped that advances in the pharmacology of sleep disorders will establish more convenient and successful therapies. It is likely that OSA is a heterogenous disease process. We must realize that a treatment that helps one patient may not be applicable to the next individual. Through a better understanding of the pathophysiology of OSA, better treatment modalities should be developed, resulting in improved quality of life for OSA patients.
South Asia, Archaeology of

The archaeology of South Asia, or the Indian subcontinent is a very substantial topic, since there is a deep history in this land of diverse peoples and cultural traditions. Moreover, archaeological fieldwork is conducted there on a substantial scale, with a dozen or more excavations each year, and widespread exploration. Since it is impossible to be comprehensive in an essay of the type called for here, this survey will review four topics (the Palaeolithic, Early Village Farming Communities, the Indus Civilization, and the Early Iron Age) that are at least representative of the principal problems on which contemporary archaeology has focused.
TRANSFER FACTOR: THE CURRENT PICTURE, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HUMAN CANCER

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the transfer factor in cellular immunity and its relation to human cancer. One reason for the long delay in finding out how transfer factor works is that human subjects are required for assays. The dialyzable transfer factor (TFd) is nonspecific because when TFd from donors who were positive by skin tests for PPD and negative for coccidiodin was given to recipients who were negative for both, the recipients became positive for both. The effect of TFd, if there is no antigen on board, lasts about 6 months. This is one of the things that make it so interesting to molecular biologists, that how such a small molecule exerts its effect for 6 months. Osteogenic sarcoma has a characteristic clinical course, which can be modified with TFd therapy. All the people who reportedly showed such nonspecific transfer were skin-tested before they received the TFd.
Why the Many Are Smarter than the Few and Why It Matters

This paper presents the foundations of a systematic epistemic case for democracy as a collective decision-rule and explores the implications of this epistemic claim for normative justifications of democracy, scientific explanations of its empirical success, and policy reforms. As far as the epistemic case is concerned, the paper proposes an account based on the concept of “democratic reason,” or the collective intelligence of the people in politics. The paper argues that, counter-intuitively, democratic reason is more a function of the cognitive diversity of the individuals taking part in the decision than of their individual ability. As an account of democracy’s epistemic benefits, the argument from democratic reason supplements procedural accounts based on fairness and equality to provide a complete functionalist explanation of democracy. Finally, the argument supports policy reforms increasing citizens’ participation in the collective decision-process.
Theorems for Expectation

In this lesson, we take a fixed probability space [ΩSP] with events A,B, … and rephrase the properties of integration of random variables (measurable functions X, Y, Z, X1X2…) in terms of the following definition; now “almost everywhere (a.e.)” is “almost surely (a.s.)”. Only a few proofs are included, the details of lesson 10 not withstanding. Some results are obvious or at least like those in “sophomore calculus”; others involve substantially more theory. Since some writers restrict “expected value” to finite cases, the reader may notice small differences in phraseology.
Optical Properties of Humic Material Standards: Solution Phase and Aerosol Measurements

Aerosols generated from aqueous samples of readily obtainable humic material standards are often used as proxies for organic particulates found in the atmosphere in various investigations, such as consideration of radiative forcing effects. Here, we present results for the retrieved complex index of refraction, m = n + ik, at a wavelength of 403 nm for aerosols prepared from six humic material standards using a calibrated cavity ring-down spectrometer: a humic acid sodium salt, Pahokee peat humic and fulvic acids, Elliott soil humic and fulvic acids, and Suwannee river fulvic acid. In addition, we have conducted UV–vis spectrometric studies to measure the mass absorption coefficients, molar absorptivities, and absorption Angstrom exponents of bulk aqueous solutions of the humic materials. We find clear differences between the humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) samples with the HA having larger values for the imaginary part of the refractive index, k. The mean value for the HA samples is k = 0.170 while ...
Antecedents of Obesity Among Children Born Extremely Preterm.

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a pervasive public health problem with risk factors such as maternal prepregnancy BMI and rapid infant weight gain. Although catch-up weight gain promotes more favorable neurodevelopment among infants born preterm, it is not clear whether faster weight gain early in life, or other correlates of preterm birth, are associated with later obesity in this population. METHODS: We used prospective data from the multicenter, observational Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn Study. Among 1506 eligible individuals in the initial cohort, 1198 were eligible for follow-up at 10 years of age. We examined BMI in 871 children (58% of the cohort; 74% of survivors) and analyzed relationships between antecedents and overweight or obesity at 10 years of age. A time-oriented approach to multinomial multivariable regression enabled us to calculate odds of overweight and obesity associated with pre- and postnatal antecedents. RESULTS: Prepregnancy maternal BMI ≥25 and top quartile infant weight gain in the first year were associated with increased risk of both overweight and obesity at 10 years of age. Single marital status was a risk factor for later child obesity and exposure to tobacco smoke was a risk factor for later child overweight. CONCLUSIONS: The risk profiles for overweight and obesity at 10 years of age among children born extremely preterm appear to be similar to the risk profiles of overweight and obesity among children born at term.
Rational design of mixtures for chromatographic peak tracking applications via multivariate selectivity.

Abstract Chromatographic characterization and parameterization studies targeting many solutes require the judicious choice of operating conditions to minimize analysis time without compromising the accuracy of the results. To minimize analysis time, solutes are often grouped into a small number of mixtures; however, this increases the risk of peak overlap. While multivariate curve resolution methods are often able to resolve analyte signals based on their spectral qualities, these methods require that the chromatographically overlapped compounds have dissimilar spectra. In this work, a strategy for grouping compounds into sample mixtures containing solutes with distinct spectral and, optionally, with distinct chromatographic properties, in order to ensure successful solute resolution either chromatographically or with curve resolution methods is proposed. We name this strategy rational design of mixtures (RDM). RDM utilizes multivariate selectivity as a metric for making decisions regarding group membership (i.e., whether to add a particular solute to a particular sample). A group of 97 solutes was used to demonstrate this strategy. Utilizing both estimated chromatographic properties and measured spectra to group these 97 analytes, only 12 groups were required to avoid a situation where two or more solutes in the same group could not be resolved either chromatographically (i.e., they have significantly different retention times) or spectrally (i.e., spectra are different enough to enable resolution by curve resolution methods). When only spectral properties were utilized (i.e., the chromatographic properties are unknown ahead of time) the number of groups required to avoid unresolvable overlaps increased to 20. The grouping strategy developed here will improve the time and instrument efficiency of studies that aim to obtain retention data for solutes as a function of operating conditions, whether for method development or determination of the chromatographic parameters of solutes of interest (e.g., kw).
Differential outcomes following successful resuscitation in cardiac arrest due to drug overdose

Abstract Background Data pertaining to clinical characteristics and outcomes of cardiac arrest (CA) due to drug overdose (ODCA) are limited. We hypothesized that patients with ODCA would have binary outcomes (brain death or functional recovery) compared to patients in whom CA was due to another etiology. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of CA cases from a single academic institution from 2012 to 2017. ODCA cases were ascertained by admission notes strongly suggestive of OD or positive toxicology screens not explained by medication administration. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were extracted from medical records, and regression modeling was used to compare ODCA and non-ODCA patients. Results Of the 300 CA cases in this analysis, 28 (9%) were attributed to drug overdose, with opioids accounting for 54%. ODCA patients were younger, had fewer comorbidities, were less likely to have witnessed arrests or bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and had longer downtimes. Inpatient mortality did not differ between cohorts (79% ODCA, 73% non-ODCA, p = 0.66), but ODCA was associated with higher rates of brain death (43%, 6%, p Conclusions Despite similar neurological recovery and survival rates to hospital discharge, ODCA patients were more likely than non-ODCA patients to progress to brain death. Larger prospective studies analyzing ODCA are needed to better understand potential treatment options and prognostic tools in this cohort.
Inhibition of A20 deubiquitinase activity by KSHV vFLIP: A SUMO dependent mechanism?

KSHV vFLIP is a potent activator of NF{kappa}B signaling and an inhibitor of apoptosis and autophagy. Inhibition of vFLIP function and NF{kappa}B signaling promotes viral reactivation. Here we provide evidence for a novel function of vFLIP in promoting NF{kappa}B signaling through inhibition of the DUB activity of the negative regulator, A20. We demonstrate interaction of vFLIP with the Itch/A20 ubiquitin editing complex. We have identified a SUMO interaction motif in vFLIP that is required for NF{kappa}B activation. We observed a decrease in vFLIP induced NF{kappa}B when the SIM in vFLIP was mutated. Small molecule inhibition of SUMOylation resulted in a dose dependent increase lytic reactivation and virus production. Our results suggest a role for SUMO in mediating vFLIP function and provide evidence for vFLIP modulation of the negative regulation of NF{kappa}B signaling by A20. Our results provide further insight into the function of vFLIP and SUMO in the regulation of NF{kappa}B signaling and the latent lytic transition.
The Challenges of Conquering Viral Hepatitis Beginning in Childhood: Introduction of the Rationale and Importance of Controlling Viral Hepatitis Starting from Children

The purpose of this first chapter is to take a more global view of the challenges of conquering viral hepatitis beginning in childhood, to analyze the problems from the viewpoint of the key players: governments, the pharmaceutical industry, third-party payors, physicians/professional societies, and educators. The chapter will conclude with some suggestions for novel approaches to the major challenges of conquering viral hepatitis beginning in childhood.
A multi‐biomarker approach supports the use of compound‐specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids to quantify basal carbon source use in a salt marsh consumer

RATIONALE Determining the flow of energy from primary producers to higher trophic levels in complex systems remains an important task for ecologists. Biomarkers can be used to trace carbon or energy sources contributing to an organism's tissues. However, different biomarkers vary in their ability to trace carbon sources based on how faithfully they transfer between trophic levels. Comparing emerging biomarker techniques with more commonly used techniques can demonstrate the relative efficacy of each in specific systems. METHODS Two common biomarker techniques, fatty acid analysis (FAA) and bulk stable isotope analysis (SIA), and one emerging biomarker technique, compound-specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA), were compared to assess their ability to characterize and quantify basal carbon sources supporting the seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus), a common salt marsh species. Herbivorous insect and deposit-feeding fiddler crab biomarker values were analyzed as proxies of major terrestrial and aquatic basal carbon sources, respectively. RESULTS All three biomarker techniques indicated that both terrestrial and aquatic carbon sources were important to seaside sparrows. However, FAA could only be evaluated qualitatively, due to a currently limited understanding of trophic modification of fatty acids between primary producer and this consumer's tissues. Quantitative stable isotope (SIA or CSIA-AA) mixing models predicted nearly equal contributions of terrestrial and aquatic carbon sources supporting seaside sparrows, yet estimates based on CSIA-AA had greater precision. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the use of CSIA-AA as an emerging tool to quantify the relative importance of basal carbon sources in salt marsh consumers. Integrating multiple biomarker techniques, with their differing benefits and limitations, will help to constrain models of carbon and energy flow in future ecosystem studies.
Impact of serratus plane block on pain scores and incentive spirometry volumes after chest trauma

Background: Adequate pain control is difficult to achieve in patients with multiple rib fractures (MRF). Serratus plane block (SPB) is a novel technique for alleviating rib fracture pain. Several published case reports support this hypothesis. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of SPB in MRF at our level 1 trauma center. Methods: Our hospital's Regional Anesthesia Registry was queried for all trauma patients with MRF who underwent SPB between August 2014 and January 2018. Data were compared in each patient as a matched pair for the time periods before and after undergoing SPB. Thirty-four patients with similar baseline characteristics were enrolled. Results: The median number of rib fractures was 7. Ordinal pain scores were found to be improved 4 hrs after SPB from median 7/10 to 3/10 (P<0.001). Incentive spirometry (IS) volumes recorded 4 and 24 hrs postserratus plane block showed a median increase of 150 and 175 mL from baseline, respectively (P<0.001). IS volumes recorded at 48 hrs showed a median increase of 300 mL from baseline (P<0.001). Respiratory rate decreased from a median value of 24.5 to 16 breaths/min (P<0.001). SpO2 was improved at 24 hrs from median 96% to 99% (P<0.001). Conclusion: SPB improves pain scores and IS volumes in MRF. Because it is not limited by patient positioning or anticoagulation and has a better safety profile, it may offer a viable alternative to neuraxial techniques. Additional studies are necessary to evaluate its efficacy compared to neuraxial techniques.
Repeated temporary threshold shift and changes in cochlear and neural function.

Abstract A robust temporary threshold shift (TTS) can create significant primary damage to the auditory synapse, termed cochlear synaptopathy (CS). The common model applied to examination of this pathology is a single noise exposure or extended duration exposures at relatively high noise dosages. It is unclear if a single noise exposure that does not produce physiological changes consistent with CS (such as suppressed suprathreshold responses) can create evidence consistent with the pathology induced by repeated exposures. Here, we exposed 16-week (wk) old Sprague-Dawley rats to repeated noise exposures (4 consecutive days, 8–16 kHz octave-band of noise, 97 dB SPL for 2 h) and examined measures of cochlear function (distortion product otoacoustic emissions) and auditory neural integrity (auditory brainstem response, wave 1 amplitude). Our results demonstrated a mean maximal threshold shift of 16 dB at 24 h post the initial noise exposure. Subsequent daily repeated exposures (4 consecutive days) resulted in diminished threshold shift at 24 h post repeated TTS. In addition to recovered thresholds, no sustained reduction in suprathreshold responses was observed. The findings are consistent with conditioning literature suggesting diminished TTS with repeated exposures. Repeated TTS that was not individually synaptopathic did not produce physiological evidence consistent with acute CS.
An Optimal Allocation Strategy for Multienergy Networks Based on Double-Layer Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms

Aiming at the problems of complex structures, variable loads, and fluctuation of power outputs of multienergy networks, this paper proposes an optimal allocation strategy of multienergy networks based on the double-layer nondominated sorting genetic algorithm, which can optimize the allocation of distributed generation (DG) and then improve the system economy. In this strategy, the multiobjective nondominated sorting genetic algorithm is adopted in both layers, and the second-layer optimization is based on the optimization result of the first layer. The first layer is based on the structure and load of the multienergy network. With the purpose of minimizing the active power loss and the node voltage offset, an optimization model of the multienergy network is established, which uses the multiobjective nondominated sorting genetic algorithm to solve the installation location and the capacity of DGs in multienergy networks. In the second layer, according to the optimization results of the first layer and the characteristics of different DGs (wind power generator, photovoltaic panel, microturbine, and storage battery), the optimization model of the multienergy network is established to improve the economy, reliability, and environmental benefits of multienergy networks. It uses the multiobjective nondominated sorting genetic algorithm to solve the allocation capacity of different DGs so as to solve the optimal allocation problem of node capacity in multienergy networks. The double-layer optimization strategy proposed in this paper greatly promotes the development of multienergy networks and provides effective guidance for the optimal allocation and reliable operation of multienergy networks.
The Blackbird UAV dataset

This article describes the Blackbird unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Dataset, a large-scale suite of sensor data and corresponding ground truth from a custom-built quadrotor platform equipped with an...
Assessing Patients’ Perceptions of Clinician Communication: Acceptability of Brief Point-of-Care Surveys in Primary Care

Improving patient-centered (PC) communication is a priority in many healthcare organizations. Most PC communication metrics are distal to the care encounter and lack clear attribution, thereby reducing relevance for leaders and clinicians. We assessed the acceptability of measuring PC communication at the point-of-care. A brief patient survey was conducted immediately post-primary care appointments at one Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Audit-feedback reports were created for clinicians and discussed in qualitative interviews. A total of 485 patients completed the survey. Thirteen interviews were conducted with clinicians and hospital leaders. Measures included collaboRATE (a 3-item tool measuring PC communication), a question about how well needs were met, and overall visit satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to characterize the mean and distribution of collaboRATE scores and determine the proportion of patients giving clinicians a “top score” on each item. Associations among responses were examined. Interviews focused on the value of measuring PC communication and were analyzed using a framework approach. The proportion of patients giving PC communication “top scores” ranged from 41 to 92% for 16 clinicians who had ≥ 25 completed surveys. Among patients who gave “top scores” for PC communication, the odds of reporting that needs were “completely met” were 10.8 times higher (p < .001) and the odds of reporting being “very satisfied” with their care were 13.3 times higher (p < .001) compared with patients who did not give “top scores.” Interviewees found clinician-specific feedback useful; concerns included prioritizing this data when other measures are used to evaluate clinicians’ performance. Difficulties improving PC communication given organizational structures were noted. Recommendations for interventions included peer-to-peer education and mentoring by top-scoring clinicians. Assessing provider communication at the point-of-care is acceptable and useful to clinicians. Challenges remain to properly incentivize and support the use of this data for improving PC communication.
Uncertainty in Impact Identification Applied to a Commercial Wind Turbine Blade

This work evaluates the uncertainty of impact force and location estimates using an entropy-based impact identification algorithm applied to a commercial wind turbine blade. The effects of sensor placement, measurement directions and distance between impacts and sensor locations are studied. Results show that impacts to a 35m long wind turbine blade can be accurately located using a single tri-axial accelerometer regardless of sensor location. Uncertainties in impact force estimates are consistent across sensor locations. When omitting acceleration information in the spanwise direction, the bias and variance of force estimates is consistent, but when a single chan- nel of acceleration data is used, both increase somewhat. Impact force identification error was found to be uncorrelated with the distance between the impact and sensor location. The entropy of the estimated force time history, an indicator of the impulsivity of the estimate, was found to be a good indicator of the quality of force estimate. The bias and variance of impact force estimation error was found to be directly correlated with the entropy of the impact force estimate. When considering validation test data from all possible sensor configurations, the entropy of the recreated force estimates was a better indicator of the force magnitude prediction interval than was the specific sensor configuration. By classifying impact force estimates based upon entropy values, impact force prediction intervals were more precisely determined than when all validation impact data were considered at once.
Intermarriage between Immigrants and Natives in the United States

What factors influence the decision by immigrants to marry within or outside of their ethnic group? I attempt to answer this question by using data from the 2008-2016 American Community Survey. This datasource allows for improved estimation of the determinants of endogamy as it includes information on the year in which an immigrant married. I am thus able to restrict my sample to individuals who migrated to the US as adults, but did not get married until after they arrived. This is a significant improvement over the existing literature, which primarily looks at migrants who arrived in the US before they were of marriage age. Given childhood formation of preferences, the determinants of intermarriage are likely to differ between these two groups. I find strong evidence of assortative matching in education for immigrants. Educated immigrants are more likely to intermarry when they come from relatively less educated communities, while intermarriage rates fall for education migrants coming from relatively better educated communities. In addition, culture appears to play a large role, with East and South Asian migrants being the least likely groups to intermarry, even after controlling for observable characteristics like education and exposure to natives.
Implementation of active probe rheology simulation technique for determining the viscoelastic moduli of soft matter

Although bead microrheology experiments are routinely used to characterize the viscoelasticity of complex matter, their simulation analog—probe rheology molecular simulations—has been scarcely used since the system characteristics required for its robust implementation are not established in the literature. We address this issue by analyzing an active probe rheology simulation setup consisting of a probe particle that is subjected to an external oscillatory force and a harmonic trapping force. We identify a set of eight conditions of the system properties that must be satisfied for the successful implementation of the probe rheology technique in molecular simulations. Among these criteria, the two most important are as follows: (1) The spring force constant for the trapping force should be sufficiently large such that the peak in the Fourier transform of the probe displacement occurs at the same frequency as that of the applied force. (2) System parameters should be chosen such that the magnitude of the external force used to drive the probe motion should be comparable to the magnitude of the hydrodynamic friction force experienced by the probe particle in the viscoelastic medium. Furthermore, a scaling relation that can be used to determine the frequency at which inertial effects set in for a given probe size is also established. The validity of our procedure is demonstrated by applying it to determine the viscoelastic properties of a weakly entangled polymer melt system.
A longitudinal study of the actual value of big data and analytics: The role of industry environment

Abstract Despite the popularity of big data and analytics (BDA) in industry, research regarding the economic value of BDA is still at an early stage. Little attention has been paid to quantifying the longitudinal impact of organizational BDA implementation on firm performance. Grounded in organizational learning theory, this study empirically demonstrates the impact of BDA implementation on organizational performance and how industry environment characteristics moderate the BDA-performance relationships. Using secondary data regarding BDA implementation from 2010 to February 2020, we find that BDA implementation has a significant impact on two types of business value creation: operational efficiency and business growth. Furthermore, the impact of BDA on operational efficiency is amplified in less dynamic and complex environments, while the BDA-business growth relationship is more pronounced in more dynamic, complex, and munificent environments. Collectively, this study provides a theory-centric understanding of BDA’s economic benefits. The findings offer insights to firms about what actual benefits BDA implementation may generate and how firms may align the use of BDA with the industry environments they are operating in.
Future Research Opportunities in the Strategic Leadership-EO Space

I conclude the book with a discussion of how EO-strategic leadership research theoretically contributes to the EO conversation specifically and the strategic entrepreneurship conversation broadly. I briefly review potential high-impact strategic leadership-EO research questions, then discuss the theoretical foci necessary to shift from descriptive contributions to building predictive theory. I then discuss how a Bayesian approach to modeling empirical strategic leadership-EO research may aid in building predictive theory. I conclude by suggesting guidance for EO researchers to make use of this book in developing new research questions.
Climate Change Impacts on the Built Environment in the United States and Implications for Sustainability

As an integral part of the National Climate Assessment (NCA), technical assessment reports for 13 regions in the U.S. that describe the scientific rationale to support climate change impacts within the purview of these regions, and provide adaptation or mitigation measures in response to these impacts. These technical assessments focus on climate change impacts on sectors that are important environmental, biophysical, and social and economic aspects of sustainability within the U.S.: Climate change science, Ecosystems and biodiversity, Water resources, Human health, Energy supply and use, Water/energy/land use, Transportation, Urban/infrastructure/vulnerability, Agriculture, Impacts of climate change on tribal/indigenous and native lands and resources, Forestry, Land use/land cover change, Rural communities development, and Impacts on biogeochemical cycles, with implications for ecosystems and biodiversity. There is a critical and timely need for the development of mitigation and adaptation strategies in response to climate change by the policy and decision making communities, to insure resiliency and sustainability of the built environment in the future.
Stimulation of a neuroimmune pathway protects from hypertension (860.22)

Vagus nerve stimulation can suppress cytokine release from splenic immune cells and therefore reduce systemic inflammation through a pathway involving nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR). W...
Rational Design Concept for Breasting Dolphins

New deepwater ports are often designed with small operating platforms incapable of withstanding the impact of a berthing ship. These platforms are protected by breasting dolphins. Based on past studies, it is concluded that the designer may assume that one-half of the ship's kinetic energy, as calculated for a berthing velocity of 0.5 fps, will be the maximum energy to be absorbed by a single dolphin at facilities which service large vessels. It is proposed that freestanding tubular piles be used as breasting dolphins at such facilities. A scheme for accomplishing the analysis of such dolphins is presented which leads to an accurate assessment of the energy absorption characteristics of the dolphin. The paper concludes with a case study which demonstrates the analytical scheme, pointing out in particular that the computed response of a dolphin to impact is nonlinear.
Far‐Wing Line Shapes: Application to the Water Continuum

A far‐wing line shape theory that satisfies the detailed balance principle has been developed invoking only the binary‐collision and quasistatic approximations. This first‐principles theory has been applied to calculate the far‐wing line shapes and the corresponding absorption for H2O‐H2O and H2O‐N2 which, for historical reasons, are called the self‐ and foreign‐broadened water continua. Using sophisticated interaction potentials that give good agreement with other transport data and the coordinate representation, in which the required traces become multidimensional integrals over the angular coordinates necessary to specify the positions before and after the collision (11‐ dimensional for the self and 9‐dimensional for the foreign continuum, respectively), we can obtain converged results using moderate computational resources. Results obtained are in very good agreement with existing laboratory data, and comparisons with an empirical continuum will be presented.
Uncharitable Hospitals: Why the IRS Needs Intermediate Sanctions to Regulate Tax-Exempt Hospitals

Tax-exempt hospitals receive millions of dollars worth of tax breaks each year, yet there is little evidence that they operate much differently than their for-profit counterparts. When a hospital does not meet the federal standard for exemption, the IRS currently has two enforcement options: (1) do nothing or (2) move to revoke a hospital’s tax-exempt status. Revocation is a harsh option that is not appropriate for every circumstance of a hospital failing to meet one ore more of the requirements for exemption. Therefore, many tax-exempt hospitals fail the exemption standard but are not subjected to revocation of status. Commentators have recommended modifying the qualifying standard for hospital tax exemption to address this problem. Alternatively, this Note argues that Congress should give the IRS statutory authority to impose excise tax intermediate sanctions on underperforming hospitals as an enforcement tool short of revocation. Intermediate sanctions would provide the IRS with flexibility to regulate the boundaries of tax-exempt status and ensure that communities continue to benefit from the services of tax-exempt hospitals.
The auxiliary space method and optimal multigrid preconditioning techniques for unstructured grids

An abstract framework ofauxiliary space method is proposed and, as an application, an optimal multigrid technique is developed for general unstructured grids. The auxiliary space method is a (nonnested) two level preconditioning technique based on a simple relaxation scheme (smoother) and an auxiliary space (that may be roughly understood as a nonnested coarser space). An optimal multigrid preconditioner is then obtained for a discretized partial differential operator defined on an unstructured grid by using an auxiliary space defined on a more structured grid in which a furthernested multigrid method can be naturally applied. This new technique makes it possible to apply multigrid methods to general unstructured grids without too much more programming effort than traditional solution methods. Some simple examples are also given to illustrate the abstract theory and for instance the Morley finite element space is used as an auxiliary space to construct a preconditioner for Argyris element for biharmonic equations. Some numerical results are also given to demonstrate the efficiency of using structured grid for auxiliary space to precondition unstructured grids.
How Do Children Affect the Health and Well-Being of Fathers? Introduction to a Symposium

This introduction reviews the events of the past 20 years that have shaped research on men, especially in their fatherhood roles. It places the following symposium, which asks the question of how children affect men’s health and well-being, within the context of the major issues regarding men’s health and public policy regarding the family.
A Different Postcolonialism: the Cultural Ethics of Yasujiro Ozu’s Late Spring

Abstract (E) : Critics have tended to conceive of the postcolonial condition too narrowly (in historical and geographical range) and too broadly (in temporal duration). These limitations become salient when we consider Japan from 1945-1952. Of course, Japanese responses to the American occupation were not uniform. To isolate one important strain of that response, this essay explores the cultural ethics of Ozu’s Late Spring (1949). Ozu does not affirm “tradition,” “modernization,” or “hybridity” as such. Rather, he affirms the value of one or the other only insofar as it bears on our attachment relations with those who are vulnerable, whatever their identity category. Abstract (F) : Les critiques ont souvent eu tendance a definir la notion de condition postcoloniale de maniere a la fois trop etroite (en termes historiques et geographiques) et trop large (en termes de duree). Ces problemes deviennent tout a fait visibles quand on considere le cas du Japon des annees 1945-1952. Bien entendu, les reponses japonaises a l’occupation americaine etaient tout sauf uniformes, mais un aspect important de cette reponse peut etre reconstruite a travers l’analyse de l’ethique culturelle d’un film d’Ozu, Printemps tardif (1949). Ozu n’affiche pas les notions de « tradition », « modernisation », ou « hybridite » comme telles, il n’en affiche la valeur qu’a travers la maniere dont ces notions influent sur nos rapports avec ceux qui sont vulnerables, quelle que soit leur identite.
Tumor necrosis factor-α in the failing human heart: Does it play a role in disease progression?

An increasing body of clinical and experimental evidence suggesting that TNFα may play a pathogenetic role in failing hearts continues to accumulate. Perhaps the most direct evidence for the role of TNFα in heart failure will come from the analysis of the phase I study in which a soluble recombinant human TNF receptor: Fc fusion protein was utilized in patients with moderate to severe heart failure Enrollment in that trial was recently completed; the results will soon be available for analysis. But perhaps more importantly, the knowledge gained from studying the role of TNFα in cardiac function draws attention to a series of molecules previously unrecognized as potential mediators in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Various cytokines and TNFα, in particular, represent new targets for therapeutic intervention in patients with heart failure.
The curse of the Medicare "psychiatric reduction".

In the ongoing effort to achieve parity for third-party financing of the treatment of mental illness, one of the most tragic failures has been the inability to correct the discriminatory 50% co-payment for outpatient services under Medicare. The resulting eyesore, sitting starkly in the middle of the scene of otherwise receding stigma against patients with mental illness, is a grave injustice and humiliation to our patients and our profession. How the damage is done Medicare calculates the discriminatory co-payment in steps. Each year the allowed fee scale is published. Medicare determines whether the charged fee is an allowed fee, then applies to it or the maximum allowed fee, whichever is less, a 37.5% “psychiatric reduction.” The resulting amount, now 62.5% of the allowed fee, is subjected to the standard 20% co-payment that applies to all Part B outpatient services. The net effect is that Medicare pays 50% of the allowed fee instead of 80% as it would for any other medical service. This arrangement applies to all outpatient psychiatric services except CPT 90801, Psychiatric Evaluation, which is paid at 80%. The patient’s diagnosis is the deciding factor: a diagnosis of “mental, psychoneurotic, or personality disorders” invokes the discriminatory process. Apparently the discrimination applies even if a primary care physician uses a general Evaluation and Management code to file a claim with Medicare for treatment of a patient with a diagnosis of mental disorder. Example: If Mrs. Jones’ allowed Medicare fee for CPT 90807 is $100 (which is substantially lower than prevailing fees for the service), the “psychiatric reduction” brings it to $62.50, 80% of which is Medicare’s payment of $50. Mrs. Jones is then liable for the remaining $50, which the practitioner is obligated to try to collect lest he or she be accused of fraudulently billing $100 while only expecting to be paid a fee of $62.50.
Methods for Assessing the Biological Effects of Specific Plant Components

Until very recently, phytonutrient research was the province of natural product chemists and consisted of primarily anecdotal clinical references. In recent years, an extensive set of qualitative and semi-quantitative dietary epidemiologic data has been developed. This developing base of epidemiologic data is now being supplemented by biochemical, mechanistic, and genetic epidemiology of a more quantitative nature. As we seek to understand the mechanisms that explain a large body of epidemiologic evidence, newer laboratory methods continue to be developed. Though there is a continuing need for even more discriminating nutrition epidemiology to drive the basic research in this area forward, the focus of in vitro, animal and clinical (human) studies must continue to be refined, and appropriate biomarkers for chronic and acute (death) disease end-points must be developed.