cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anime fan communities: Transcultural flows and frictions, by Sandra Annett

Sandra Annett, Anime Fan Communities: Transcultural Flows and Frictions. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, hardcover, $95 (253p) ISBN 978-1137480651; E-textbook, $76 (2471 KB), ASIN B00TR5JPW8.
Abstract 15752: Coarse Appearance of Atrial Fibrillation Associated With Greater Percentage of Low Left Atrial Voltage and Higher Post-ablation Arrhythmia Recurrence

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinical dysrhythmia, however our understanding of various subtypes of this umbrella diagnosis remain limited. One readily apparent categorizing variable is the appearance of fibrillatory waves on the surface electrocardiogram which classically divides AF into fine or coarse. The mechanistic underpinnings and clinical implications of this distinction remain unclear. Hypothesis: We aimed to determine the natural history, the electroanatomic underpinnings and ablation implications of fine versus coarse AF. Methods: We searched the Partners Healthcare system for patients with a diagnosis of long-standing persistent AF who had follow up electrocardiography and clinical evaluation. After excluding patients who were treated with catheter ablation, anti-arrhythmic therapy or underwent cardiac surgery, we identified a 135 patient cohort. We subsequently evaluated a separate cohort of patients with coarse (n=40) as well as fine (n=40) persistent AF referred for electroanatomic mapping and ablation and identified mapping findings, ablation characteristics and follow up outcomes. Fine versus coarse was classified based on surface EKG V1 fibrillatory wave amplitude. Results: Patients with fine persistent AF at baseline were older (75 ± 13 vs 68 ±14 years; p = 0.04), while patients with coarse persistent AF were more likely to have hypertension, congestive heart failure, and valvular heart disease. Over an average follow up of 4.2 years, fine AF progressed to coarse AF in 25% of patients whereas coarse AF progressed to fine AF in 33% of patients. At the time of electroanatomic mapping, patients with coarse AF had increased percentage of low left atrial voltage (bipolar voltage ≤ 0.5 mV) (24± 8 % vs 8 ± 4 %; p = 0.01). Long term arrhythmia free survival was inferior in patients with coarse AF post ablation when compared to fine AF (Hazard ratio 1.83; p = 0.04). Conclusions: The surface electrocardiographic appearance of coarse versus fine AF may represent distinct left atrial low voltage electrophysiology. Further evaluation is necessary to determine if this distinction can provide clinical insights that would alter patient care.
Optimal Estimation Versus MCMC for $$\mathrm{{CO}}_{2}$$ Retrievals

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) collects infrared spectra from which atmospheric properties are retrieved. OCO-2 operational data processing uses optimal estimation (OE), a state-of-the-art approach to inference of atmospheric properties from satellite measurements. One of the main advantages of the OE approach is computational efficiency, but it only characterizes the first two moments of the posterior distribution of interest. Here we obtain samples from the posterior using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm and compare this empirical estimate of the true posterior to the OE results. We focus on 600 simulated soundings that represent the variability of physical conditions encountered by OCO-2 between November 2014 and January 2016. We treat the two retrieval methods as ensemble and density probabilistic forecasts, where the MCMC yields an ensemble from the posterior and the OE retrieval result provide the first two moments of a normal distribution. To compare these methods, we apply both univariate and multivariate diagnostic tools and proper scoring rules. The general impression from our study is that when compared to MCMC, the OE retrieval performs reasonably well for the main quantity of interest, the column-averaged $$\mathrm{{CO}}_{2}$$ concentration $$X_{\mathrm{{CO}}_{2}}$$ , but not for the full state vector $$\mathbf {X}$$ which includes a profile of $$\mathrm{{CO}}_{2}$$ concentrations over 20 pressure levels, as well as several other atmospheric properties.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line.
HodDB: a query processor for brick

Brick [1] is a recent effort to design a metadata schema for describing building components, subsystems and the relationships between them. With growing interest in Brick, it is important to characterize how suitable Brick is for embedding in real building applications. This demonstration will present HodDB [3], a new database and query processor for Brick models. Attendees will use HodDB to query and explore real Brick models using a variety of textual and graphical query interfaces, and see how HodDB can embed Brick queries in real applications.
Lessons learned from Paralympic School Day: Reflections from the students:

The purpose of this study was to seek to understand and describe the experiences of sixth grade students, ages 11 and 12, taking part in the published Paralympic School Day (PSD) programme in relat...
Schnellbestimmung von Cu, Ag und Pd in PbSn-Verzinnungsbädern durch Atomabsorptions-Spektroskopie

Eine Absorptionsmethode zur direkten Bestimmung von Cu, Ag und Pd in Pb-Sn-Legierungen wurde erarbeitet. Fur die Bestimmung vorteilhafte Absorptionslinien (Cu 324,7 nm, Ag 338,3 nm und Pd 276,3 nm) wurden ermittelt und auf diesen intermetallische Interferenzen von 0–500 ppm Cu, Ag und Pd sowie von 10000ppm Pb und Sn gemessen. 1g der Legierung wird in 10 ml HNO3 (D 1,52) und 2 ml 50 % HF gelost. Die Losung wird in einer Acetylen-Luft-Flamme analysiert. Die Methode erlaubt Gehalte bis zu 3·10−4 % Cu, 5·10−4 % Ag und 8·10−4% Pd (zweifache Blindwerthohe) mit ausreichender Genauigkeit zu bestimmen.
Is your hospital safe for children? Applying home safety principles to the hospital setting

OBJECTIVES To review the risks of injury to children in the hospital setting and to provide an overview of the factors which influence the approach to hospital safety, including institutional liability, hospital accreditation, patient safety and risk management issues. METHODS Fatal and nonfatal injuries to children in the hospital setting were identified using searches of the published literature and searches of incident, complaint and claims data sources, including regulatory agency databases, litigation and claims data, and medical device hazard databases. Canadian hospital law, accreditation, patient safety and risk management literature was reviewed and summarized. RESULTS Injuries occur in over 1% of hospitalized children, and are typically due to falls. Serious injuries are infrequent; however, a significant number of fatal injuries have been reported, mostly involving entrapment in beds and cribs, but also due to choking, strangulation and electrocution. Hospitals are liable for injuries to patients and visitors occurring on their premises. Canadian accreditation standards include provisions for the safety of equipment, supplies, medical devices and space, but do not provide specific guidance for children. Addressing injury hazards to children is an important aspect of the new patient safety movement, and falls within the scope of existing risk management and quality improvement programs. CONCLUSIONS Most hazards to children in the hospital setting can be easily corrected by proactively incorporating basic child safety principles. Paediatricians can play an important role in advocating for a safe hospital environment and should encourage administrators to consider child safety in routine hospital operation and policies.
The Effect of Psychotropic Drugs on Serum Anti-Epileptic Levels in Psychiatric Patients with Seizure Disorders

One of the most difficult problems in the treatment of epilepsy is to achieve seizure control in epileptic patients institutionalized in psychiatric hospitals. The patients in these institutions are usually suffering from epilepsy either secondary to trauma or associated with psychoses.
AIMS: An Immersidata Management System.

We introduce a system to address the challenges involved in managing the multidimensional sensor data streams generated within immersive environments. We call this data type, immersidata, which is de ned as the data acquired from a user's interactions with an immersive environment. Management of immersidata is challenging because they are: 1) multidimensional, 2) spatio-temporal, 3) continuous data streams (CDS), 4) large in size and bandwidth requirements, and 5) noisy. By focusing on two speci c applications, Attention De cit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis and American Sign Language (ASL) recognition, we propose to study the challenges of two main modes of operations on immersidata: o -line and online query and analysis. In addition, we propose complementary approaches for e cient acquisition and storage of immersidata. The core promising idea behind our proposed approaches is a `database friendly' utilization of linear algebraic transformations on both data sets and queries to e ciently abstract, aggregate, classify and/or approximate multidimensional data streams. This research has been funded in part by NSF grants EEC9529152 (IMSC ERC) and IIS-0082826, NIH-NLM grant nr. R01-LM07061, NASA/JPL contract nr. 961518, DARPA and USAF under agreement nr. F30602-99-1-0524, and unrestricted cash gifts from Microsoft, NCR, and Okawa Foundation. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the VLDB copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Very Large Data Base Endowment. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or special permission from the Endowment. Proceedings of the 2003 CIDR Conference
Hydrogen and Halogen Substitution

Hydrogen and halogen substitution in organomercury compounds have been extensively studied and a number of reviews [1–4] and one book [5] have appeared covering this topic. The primary emphasis of most of this work has been on studying the mechanism of electrophilic aliphatic substitution. Considerable kinetic and stereochemical information on these reactions is now available. The emphasis here, however, will be on possible synthetic applications of these reactions.
Combined Removal Of NOx And SO2 From Flue Gas At Low Temperature

A method was proposed to remove NOx and SO 2 in flue gas by using the sulfinyl functional group as a catalyst. Ozone is introduced into the flue gas to oxidize NO. Soluble NO 2 and SO 2 reacted with ammonia to form ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, which were the raw material of the compound fertilizer. A small pilot is built in a container that can be easily transported to power plant and extracts the actual flue gas directly from the gas duct. In order to obtain the best the SO 2 and NOX removal efficiency in this experiment, many parameters were changed. Such as flue gas flow, ozone / NOX ratio, liquid-gas ratio, flue gas temperature, catalyst type, catalyst concentration, solution pH value. Results indicated that SO 2 was cleaned up quite efficiently and the removal efficiency was nearly 99% under all conditions. the best NOX removal efficiency can reach 88%. The NOX removal efficiency depended primarily on ozone / NOX ratio, and the temperature of flue gas also had influence on the NOX removal efficiency. The optimum pH range is 5.6-6.3. After inspection by authoritative institutions, the quality of fertilizers is superior to national standards.
Hands-on cybersecurity exercises

In order to address the cybersecurity education and workforce challenges, we need a greater number of prepared faculty. In this workshop, we will introduce the EDURange framework, present one or two hands-on exercises that faculty can try, and discuss how they can be taught in classes.
Effect of proximal ligand substitutions on the carbene and nitrene transferase activity of myoglobin

Abstract Engineered myoglobins were recently shown to be effective catalysts for abiological carbene and nitrene transfer reactions. Here, we investigated the impact of substituting the conserved heme-coordinating histidine residue with both proteinogenic (Cys, Ser, Tyr, Asp) and non-proteinogenic Lewis basic amino acids (3-(3′-pyridyl)-alanine, p-aminophenylalanine, and β-(3-thienyl)-alanine), on the reactivity of this metalloprotein toward these abiotic transformations. These studies showed that mutation of the proximal histidine residue with both natural and non-natural amino acids result in stable myoglobin variants that can function as both carbene and nitrene transferases. In addition, substitution of the proximal histidine with an aspartate residue led to a myoglobin-based catalyst capable of promoting stereoselective olefin cyclopropanation under nonreducing conditions. Overall, these studies demonstrate that proximal ligand substitution provides a promising strategy to tune the reactivity of myoglobin-based carbene and nitrene transfer catalysts and provide a first, proof-of-principle demonstration of the viability of pyridine-, thiophene-, and aniline-based unnatural amino acids for metalloprotein engineering.
Suicide Ideation & Sleep Quality

Suicide Ideation & Sleep Quality Sleep disturbances were found to be associated with suicidal idealization (Benert & Joiner, 2007). Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in sleep regulation and has been identified to be relevant in studies of suicide as well. Serotonin is released when individuals wake up, reduced during sleep, and lowest during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep (Benneditti, Serettti et al, 1999). Hypothesis: Less time on screens before falling asleep will have better sleep quality and higher self esteem. Lower chances of committing suicide. Methods: All participants took a pretest during the informational session and a post test during the debriefing session. The pretest and posttest were contrived of demographic and sleep pattern questions. Both assessments were exactly the same. All participants filled out wake up diaries that contained scales in which they had to rate the quality of their sleep from 1 (poor sleep) to 10 (good sleep). These were filled out for seven days immediately after waking up. Control group= No manipulations Experimental group= 30 minutes without smart screen technology + filling out sleep diaries Sleeping diaries did not include any questions or structure. Participants were encouraged to record whatever was on their minds/how they felt about their days. Conclusion: Increase in negative emotions between day 3 and day 6 of the experiment. - Statistical significance was measured (chi square=15.276**, df=1). - “I miss my phone” and “I don’t know how I am going to do this” appeared several times. - “Nomophobia” is a fear of being unable to communicate through a cellular device or the internet. Future Implications: There is no concrete definition of what “good sleep” is. Participants had different definitions as to what they constituted as “good sleep” For example, good sleep is being able to sleep without any disturbances for eight or more hours. Another definition of good sleep could reiterate the amount of alertness one feels after waking up. Further analysis questions can be made in order to establish a definition.
Modeling the vibration of a thin bar using SimScape

The standard treatment of longitudinal and flexural vibrations of thin bars follow the methods described by Raleigh. The solution for longitudinal vibrations is completely analogous to electrical signals in electrical transmission lines. Thus, longitudinal mechanical vibrations can be modeled using lumped or distributed parameter analog circuits. The same is true of transverse vibrations of perfectly flexible strings. However, when bending stiffness is included for transverse vibrations, the simplicity of the transmission line analogies is not present. The authors are not aware of a lumped parameter model of the flexural vibration of a thin bar that includes the effects of bending stiffness. This paper presents a lumped parameter model for a thin bar that provides accuracy similar to that of a lumped parameter model of a flexible string. The differential length element of the bar is modeled in the same way as the differential element in the standard treatment of bra vibrations. The model will be demonstrated in the SimScape modeling software, though it can also be implemented in Modelica and possibly in some versions of SPICE.
Can Moral Exemplars Promote Wisdom

Can moral exemplars provide insight into the nature and promotion of wisdom? Wisdom can be defined as the traits and skills characteristic of generative behavior and reflective knowledge (Jayawickreme & Blackie, in Exploring the psychological benefits of hardship: A critical reassessment of posttraumatic growth. Springer, Switzerland, 2016). Such traits and skills are vital for the development of healthy societies (Sternberg, in Research in Human Development, 2018). However, are the skills of wisdom a critical feature of individuals who live their lives in a morally exceptional manner? Can such exemplars form the basis of interventions to promote wisdom? In the present chapter, we present a brief overview of current models of wisdom in psychological research and evaluate the life history of Confucius, a historical focus frequently identified as a moral exemplar who also manifested wisdom in appropriate contexts. We subsequently discuss the implications of this exemplar’s life for current conceptualizations of wisdom, the utility of moral exemplar narratives for the promotion of wisdom, and the relevance of wisdom for current life.
RISC: Effective Architectures for VLSI Computers

Publisher Summary Advances in very large scale integrated (VLSI) technology have made it possible to realize the functionality of a super-minicomputer on just a few silicon chips. However, this new implementation has constraints that are quite different from those of the main-frame technology. To obtain the maximum performance from a given chip size and power budget, an objective analysis has to be made about the most important requirements of the intended application of the computer. The most often performed operations should be supported by hardware, but only to the extent that the overall performance of the complete computer system actually increases. Giving more hardware support and, thus, more chip area and power to one function invariably takes resources away from other functions. It is the task of the system's designers to analyze these trade-offs over several levels, including circuit design, micro architecture, and instruction set design, to find the optimum solution. This chapter describes such an analysis and the chosen solution for the implementation of a single-chip processor for the languages C and Pascal by executing a job mix as might be found in an academic computer science department.
Study Behaviors Associated with Student Pharmacists' Academic Success in an Active Classroom Pharmacy Curriculum

Objective. To identify the specific study behaviors that promoted student pharmacists' success in an active-learning pharmacy curriculum. Methods. The Washington State University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences implemented an active-learning, flipped classroom model for instruction to equitably deliver course content to Doctor of Pharmacy students on both its main and extended campuses. Students' ability to adapt to the new model and its impact on their study behaviors were unknown. A qualitative descriptive design that included semi-structured interviews was applied to evaluate the study behaviors of high-performing students. The study sample included 13 third and fourth professional year pharmacy students in the top 20% of their respective classes. Results. Interview responses were unaffected by baseline demographics such as gender and year of graduation. Content analysis generated five primary themes related to the behavioral strategies used by high performers: preparing for class, preparing for testing, seeking help, knowing yourself, and building on strengths. These were mapped to the four tenants of Wenger's social learning theory in the representation of findings: learning as doing, learning as belonging, learning as becoming, and learning as experience. Conclusion. High-performing students demonstrated a refined ability to select and modify study behaviors that aided in their academic success, demonstrating a high degree of metacognition. The results of this research may assist pharmacy faculty members in identifying critical elements for success of students enrolled in pharmacy programs using an active learning model.
Aesthetic Communities, Histories, and Retrospective Consecration:

In this introduction to the special issue “Retrospective cultural consecration: The dynamics of remembering and forgetting,” we briefly sketch prior work and new developments in research on aesthet...
Abstract A01: Vps34 promotes macropinocytosis in Tsc2-deficient cells

Purpose: The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is constitutively active in many human cancers and in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). mTORC1 hyperactivation drives extensive metabolic reprogramming via several interconnected mechanisms, including glucose and glutamine utilization, nucleic acid synthesis, and lipid synthesis. We recently found that treatment with chloroquine (CQ), a lysosomal/autophagy inhibitor, upregulates the uptake and endosomal processing of cholesterol selectively in TSC2-deficient cells, creating a TSC2-specific dependence on exogenous cholesterol. This dependence on exogenous nutrients and the mechanisms of nutrient uptake may be therapeutically targetable. Our central hypothesis is that Tsc2-deficient cells depend on the uptake of exogenous nutrients via macropinocytosis to maintain cellular metabolic homeostasis and proliferation. Methods and Results: To investigate the role of macropinocytosis-mediated nutrient uptake in Tsc2-deficient cells, we measured the uptake of dextran, a polysaccharide taken up via macropinocytosis. Tsc2-deficient cells showed a striking increase in both dextran (3.6-fold, p Conclusions: These data suggest that macropinocytosis is upregulated in Tsc2-deficient cells via a Vps34-dependent mechanism to support tumorigenesis. Macropinocytosis-mediated nutrient uptake represents an unexplored opportunity for therapeutic intervention in TSC and may also be relevant to other diseases characterized by mTORC1 hyperactivation. Citation Format: Charilaos Filippakis, Amine Belaid, Brian Siroky, Constance Wu, Nicola Alesi, Thomas Alesi, Julie Nijmeh, Hilaire Colletta Lam, Ellizabeth Henske. Vps34 promotes macropinocytosis in Tsc2-deficient cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling; 2018 Nov 30-Dec 8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(10_Suppl):Abstract nr A01.
Ukraine - Conflict in the Donbas: Civilians Hostage to Adversarial Geopolitics

Since 2014, the war in the Donbas, fueled and sustained by local and regional political priorities, has inflicted a heavy burden of civilian death, injury, displacement, destruction, and lasting trauma. As the conflict continues, the people of Donbas are more isolated than ever from the rest of their country, subjected to discrimination and stigmatization by both the Ukrainian authorities and separatist leaders. Today, a confluence of factors continues to drive conflict in Eastern Ukraine. Triggered by the 2013 Euromaidan protests in Kyiv, the rupture between the post-Maidan Ukrainian government and local elites in the Donbas over aspirations of independence and self-determination highlighted the growing schism between those with Russian-oriented ambitions and those supporting the new Ukrainian regime. As clans, warlords, and oligarchs within Ukraine fight for political influence and financial gain, Russian influence continues to destabilize the Westward-leaning Ukrainian authorities in Kyiv, reinvigorating the enduring geopolitical rivalry between Russia and the West. Humanitarian operations in Eastern Ukraine are also under significant pressure by the separatist authorities. Agencies struggle to bridge the gap between critical needs and their response capacity, while being forced to rely almost exclusively on local organizations. In the process of humanitarian and access negotiations, agencies must guard against the instrumentalization of aid, the blurring of lines between political, military, and relief operations, and an ever-shrinking humanitarian space. What drives this protracted conflict? How have global politics and local agendas contributed to sustaining a “frozen” conflict at the expense of communities and in the interest of asserting nationalist independence at all costs? How have the hopes of local communities in the Donbas withered over time, as they navigate the dissonance in geopolitical rhetoric and their lived reality? What avenues exist for reconciliation and unity amidst this violent divisiveness? This report explores these questions and offers reflections based on more than 250 interviews undertaken during two field visits to Ukraine, in both government and separatist-controlled areas, and one visit to Russia, between November 2019 and January 2020. It also draws on an extensive desk analysis of relevant literature to complement the findings of these interviews and consultations. The Ukrainian, Russian, French, and German translations of the Key Messages, Executive Summary, and Recommendations can be found on the web-page of the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative at http://hhi.harvard.edu/.
A Feature-complete SPIKE Dense Banded Solver

This article presents a parallel, effective, and feature-complete recursive SPIKE algorithm that achieves near feature-parity with the standard linear algebra package banded linear system solver. First, we present a flexible parallel implementation of the recursive SPIKE scheme that aims at removing its original limitation that the number of cores/processors be restricted to powers of two. A new transpose solve option for SPIKE is then developed to satisfy a standard requirement of most numerical solver libraries. Finally, a pivoting recursive SPIKE strategy is presented as an alternative to the non-pivoting scheme to improve numerical stability. All these new enhancements lead to the release of a new black-box feature-complete SPIKE-OpenMP package that significantly improves upon the performance and scalability obtained with other state-of-the-art banded solvers.
Remodeling of the maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy is shaped by parity

Abstract Background The maternal microbiome has emerged as an important factor in gestational health and outcome and is associated with risk of preterm birth and offspring morbidity. Epidemiological evidence also points to successive pregnancies – referred to as maternal parity – as a risk factor for preterm birth, infant mortality, and impaired neonatal growth. Despite the fact that both the maternal microbiome and parity are linked to maternal-infant health, the impact of parity on the microbiome remains largely unexplored, in part due to the challenges of studying parity in humans. Results Using synchronized pregnancies and dense longitudinal monitoring of the microbiome in pigs, we describe a microbiome trajectory during pregnancy and determine the extent to which parity modulates this trajectory. We show that the microbiome changes reproducibly during gestation and that this remodeling occurs more rapidly as parity increases. At the time of parturition, parity was linked to the relative abundance of several bacterial species, including Treponema bryantii, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and Lactobacillus reuteri. Strain tracking carried out in 18 maternal-offspring ‘quadrads’ – each consisting of one mother sow and three piglets – linked maternal parity to altered levels of Akkermansia muciniphila, Prevotella stercorea, and Campylobacter coli in the infant gut 10 days after birth. Conclusions Collectively, these results identify parity as an important environmental factor that modulates the gut microbiome during pregnancy and highlight the utility of a swine model for investigating the microbiome in maternal-infant health. In addition, our data show that the impact of parity extends beyond the mother and is associated with alterations in the community of bacteria that colonize the offspring gut early in life. The bacterial species we identified as parity-associated in the mother and offspring have been shown to influence host metabolism in other systems, raising the possibility that such changes may influence host nutrient acquisition or utilization. These findings, taken together with our observation that even subtle differences in parity are associated with microbiome changes, underscore the importance of considering parity in the design and analysis of human microbiome studies during pregnancy and in infants.
$B_s$ Mixing via $\psi K^*$

The decay mode $B_s\to\psi \overline{K}^*$ is suggested as a very good way to measure the $B_s$ mixing parameter $x_s$. These decays can be gathered using a $\psi\to\ell^+\ell^-$ trigger. This final state has a well resolved four track decay vertex, useful for good time resolution and background rejection.
Effect of Synthetic Auxin Herbicides Applied During Sugarcane Grand Growth on Starch Accumulation and Color

Morning glory (Ipomoea spp.) and other vining weeds infest Louisiana sugarcane fields and synthetic auxin herbicides are applied to control such weeds. Sugarcane exposed to herbicides during the critical growth period (grand growth) may influence starch and colorant accumulation in some cultivars and reduce processing efficiency. In this study, field sugarcane composed of three commercial cultivars were treated with 2,4-D, dicamba, or a premix of 2,4-D plus dicamba synthetic auxin herbicides to prevent yield losses and maximize harvesting efficiency. No visible abnormalities in sugarcane growth were observed following application of the three herbicide treatments. Treatments with dicamba or 2,4-D did not increase or decrease total or insoluble starch in extracted sugarcane juice. However, when compared to the nontreated control, 16 to 25% more soluble starch was present in juice from L 01–299, HoCP 96–540, and HoCP 04–838 sugarcane that were exposed, in July, to dicamba and the premix formulation of dicamba plus 2,4-D. This is most likely related to natural diastase activity in the sugarcane and further investigation is now warranted. Late-season applied synthetic auxin herbicides did not significantly influence color measured at pH 4.0, 7.0, 8.5, or 9.0; however, pH by cultivar interactions influenced color at pH 7.0 or greater, i.e., phenolic colorants. Overall, this study documented that the synthetic auxin herbicides dicamba and 2,4-D plus dicamba were beneficial in controlling morning glory species and pose no threat to processing difficulties often caused by excessive starch and colorants in processing streams at both the factory and refinery.
Institutional Logics and Hybridity in a Transnational Child Health Program

Nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) can play important roles in supporting and facilitating community development projects, improving community well-being. This study uses the theoretical framework provided by institutional logics to evaluate the competing value structures and ideologies held by multiple stakeholders in an international development program in rural Laos. Findings demonstrate the inherent tensions evolving between actors, adding to the theoretical literature on institutional logics in international collaborations, and discusses the practical implications for NGO and community development in order to ensure project success.
"It's Crazy What Meth Can Help You Do": Lay Beliefs, Practices, and Experiences of Using Methamphetamine to Self-Treat Symptoms of Opioid Withdrawal.

Background Across the U.S., methamphetamine use is expanding among people who use illicit opioids (PWUIO). Motives for methamphetamine use must be contextualized within the experiences of PWUIO, who may use methamphetamine not only to achieve euphoria, but also as a tactic of self-management. The overall aim of this study is to contextualize lay beliefs, practices, and experiences of methamphetamine use as a form of self-treatment of symptoms related to chronic opioid use among PWUIO in the Dayton Metro Area of Southwest Ohio, an epicenter of the ongoing opioid crisis. Methods This paper draws on two phases of interviews conducted with 38 individuals who use both heroin/fentanyl and methamphetamine. This paper primarily analyzes qualitative data but includes supplementary information from the structured interview component. Qualitative interview sections were transcribed in their entirety and thematically analyzed. Results Participants described learning about methamphetamine as a tactic to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms through social networks and through personal experimentation. Many participants suggested that methamphetamine was helpful in relieving exhaustion, alleviating some acute physical symptoms of opioid withdrawal, and providing a psychological distraction, although some admitted that methamphetamine use could incur additional health risks. To effectively use methamphetamine as a tactic of self-treatment, participants emphasized the importance of timing and dosing. Discussion Among PWUIO in the Dayton area, methamphetamine use as a tactic to self-manage opioid withdrawal must be studied in relation to historical and evolving patterns of illicit opioid use and associated risks. More research is needed to understand the long-term health impacts of this emergent practice of polydrug use.
Proteomic Analysis of Human Lung Development.

Rationale: The current understanding of human lung development derives mostly from animal studies. While transcript-level studies have analyzed human donor tissue to identify genes expressed during...
Introduction to Open Theism

Open theism is the “newest” of the theisms in this part of the book, except for some of the emerging “end of being theologies” explored in the sixth section. While all of the key theological/philosophical commitments affirmed by open theists have been, and continue to be, affirmed by proponents of other theisms, the classification of a specific set of these commitments as “open theism” is relatively recent (1994). Accordingly, both proponents and critics are still in the process of attempting to clarify both the key theological/philosophical concepts in question and their implications for practical Christian living. This has understandably led to significant confusion on the part of many encountering open theism for the first time.
Women's Health Identities in the Transition From Military Member to Service Veteran

As servicewomen leave behind their military rank and status to become veterans, they must learn to effectively navigate a fragmented structure of care and communicate their health care needs. This study proposes a culture-centered approach to understanding how structural changes contribute to a reduction in positive health perception and behavior as active duty servicewomen transition to a veteran status. Results suggest during the process of disengagement from military cultural norms, women veterans' health care prevention service utilization decreases, and their physical and mental health decreases through the transition. These findings highlight the need for widely available and culturally appropriate programs to meet the needs of this unique patient population.
Graphical Models for Protein Function and Structure Prediction

GRAPHICAL MODELS FOR PROTEIN FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE PREDICTION MINGJIE TANG,1,† KEAN MING TAN,2,† XIN LU TAN,2 LEE SAEL,1,3 MEGHANA CHITALE,1 JUAN ESQUIVEL-RODRIGUEZ,1 and DAISUKE KIHARA1,3 1Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 2Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 3Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
The Relevance of Fiscal Conditions for the Success of European Monetary Integration

The paper argues that international differences in fiscal conditions influence the relative attractiveness of locating production facilities in different countries and could prove to be a troublesome source of instability for the European economies. Even though physical capital movements tend to occur slowly, divergent fiscal conditions can exert pressures on exchange rates in the short run, and the monetary policy reactions induced in a fixed exchange rate regime may affect real wage rates and/or employment levels. The implications for tax harmonization and budget discipline are discussed. It is argued that monetary integration itself will not induce fiscal discipline.
Test data compression using dictionaries with fixed-length indices [SOC testing]

We present a dictionary-based test data compression approach for reducing test data volume and testing time in SOCs. The proposed method is based on the use of a small number of ATE channels to deliver compressed test patterns from the tester to the chip and to drive a large number of internal scan chains in the circuit under test. Therefore, it is especially suitable for a reduced pin-count and low-cost DFT test environment, where a narrow interface between the tester and the SOC is desirable. The dictionary-based approach not only reduces testing time but it also eliminates the need for additional synchronization and handshaking between the SOC and the ATE. The dictionary entries are determined during the compression procedure by solving a variant of the well-known clique partitioning problem from graph theory. Experimental results for the ISCAS-89 benchmarks and representative test data from IBM show that the proposed method outperforms a number of recently-proposed test data compression techniques.
OspA immunization decreases transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes from infected Peromyscus leucopus mice to larval Ixodes scapularis ticks.

Recombinant outer surface protein A (OspA) vaccination of wild animal reservoirs has potential application for reducing Borrelia burgdorferi transmission in nature and subsequent risk of human infection. As a major reservoir host, the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) is a candidate for a vaccination program designed to reduce infection prevalence in vector ticks. In this study we characterized the effect of various levels of immunization with recombinant OspA-glutathione transferase fusion protein on transmission dynamics from infected P. leucopus to larval ticks. Control mice were vaccinated with glutathione transferase alone. All mice were experimentally infected with B. burgdorferi before vaccination. The immune responses of the immunized mice were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to OspA. Transmission of B. burgdorferi from infected mice was determined by xenodiagnosis with uninfected larval ticks. Spirochetes in ticks were counted by direct immunofluorescence assay...
Noise Probe of the Dynamic Phase Separation in La 2 / 3 Ca 1 / 3 MnO 3

Giant random telegraph noise (RTN) in the resistance fluctuation of a macroscopic film of perovskite-type manganese oxide ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ has been observed at various temperatures ranging from 4 to 170 K, well below the Curie temperature ( ${T}_{C}\ensuremath{\approx}210\mathrm{K}$). The amplitudes of the two-level fluctuations vary from $0.01%$ to $0.2%$. We discuss the origin of the RTN to be a dynamic mixed-phase percolative conduction process, where manganese clusters switch back and forth between two phases that differ in their conductivity and magnetization.
The Mechanics of Deformation

The basic problem in the study of the Earth’s crust is to understand its deformations. Unfortunately, the general physics of deformations is not as well understood as one might desire.
Conceptualizing, Capturing, and Modeling Change: Challenges for Psychology

A primary goal of scientists, be they psychologists or physicists, is the detection of cause-and-effect relationships. In whatever field of study, the impact of the independent variable upon the dependent variable is assessed either indirectly through presumed change (comparing groups cross-sectionally) or directly through observed change (comparing a single entity or groups of entities longitudinally). Researchers' conceptualization of change varies quite dramatically, even within the field of psychology, with attendant variation in research designs and statistics commonly employed. We discuss the array of options available to conceptualize, capture, and model change, including their strengths and weaknesses, using examples from our own research in personality lifespan development, along with others' related research.
Distance Education and Teaching Online: My Journey from Mystery to Mastery

With the burgeoning of online programs in higher education, many occupational therapy faculty will need to expand their teaching repertoire to include distance education methods. This article describes the transition of one teacher, moving from face to face instruction to a blended distance education format, and the components of the process. These include providing a good technical infrastructure and training for both teachers and students. In addition, the process of creating and developing both synchronous (live) sessions and asynchronous (discussion boards) are described. Lastly the author reflects on ways to transcend the distance and strengthen the online learning experience.
Palladium carbene complexes as persistent radicals

A series of palladium(II) radical carbene complexes, [PC˙(sp2)P]PdI, [PC˙(sp2)P]PdBr, and [PC˙(sp2)P]PdCl (PC(sp3)H2P = bis[2-(di-iso-propylphosphino)-phenyl]methane), is described. Compound [PC˙(sp2)P]PdI dimerizes to {[PC(sp2)P]PdI}2 in the solid state, akin to the formation of Gomberg's dimer. While the bromo and the iodo derivatives could be obtained from the oxidation of [PC(sp2)P]Pd(PMe3) by the respective dihalogens, a halogen transfer reaction from CH2Cl2 was used for the formation of [PC˙(sp2)P]PdCl. The halogen transfer from CH2X2 (X = Cl, Br, I) could be used to obtain all three radical carbene palladium complexes and also allowed the isolation of [PC(CH2)P]Pd(PMe3), which is the result of methylene group transfer from CH2X2. Compound [PC(CH2)P]Pd(PMe3) was independently synthesized from [PC(CH3)HP]PdCl2, which contains a supporting ligand analogous to that of the radical carbene complexes but has one of the hydrogen atoms replaced by a methyl group. All three carbene radical species abstract a hydrogen from 9,10-dihydroanthracene or nBu3SnH.
Dynamics of an experimental microbial invasion

The ecological dynamics underlying species invasions have been a major focus of research in macroorganisms for the last five decades. However, we still know little about the processes behind invasion by unicellular organisms. To expand our knowledge of microbial invasions, we studied the roles of propagule pressure, nutrient supply, and biotic resistance in the invasion success of a freshwater invasive alga, Prymnesium parvum, using microcosms containing natural freshwater microbial assemblages. Microcosms were subjected to a factorial design with two levels of nutrient-induced diversity and three levels of propagule pressure, and incubated for 7 d, during which P. parvum densities and microbial community composition were tracked. Successful invasion occurred in microcosms receiving high propagule pressure whereas nutrients or community diversity played no role in invasion success. Invaded communities experienced distinctive changes in composition compared with communities where the invasion was unsuccessful. Successfully invaded microbial communities had an increased abundance of fungi and ciliates, and decreased abundances of diatoms and cercozoans. Many of these changes mirrored the microbial community changes detected during a natural P. parvum bloom in the source system. This role of propagule pressure is particularly relevant for P. parvum in the reservoir-dominated southern United States because this species can form large, sustained blooms that can generate intense propagule pressures for downstream sites. Human impact and global climate change are currently causing widespread environmental changes in most southern US freshwater systems that may facilitate P. parvum establishment and, when coupled with strong propagule pressure, could put many more systems at risk for invasion.
LIGHT PERCEPTION BY PHYTOCHROME in vivo

— The rate of phytochrome photoconversion in cotyledons and hypocotyls of dark-grown seedlings of Cucurbita pepo varies significantly depending on the characteristics of the light field and the position of the sample in the light field. The overall pattern of the effects of light reflectance conditions and angle of incidence of light on phytochrome photoconversion in vivo is predictable and consistent with the results of physiological studies; however, the extent of the effects is much more difficult to predict with a satisfactory degree of approximation. The differences between phytochrome photoconversion kinetics measured in vivo and those predicted from photochemical parameters of purified phytochrome are rather large and suggest that the use of predictions as estimates of the state of phytochrome in vivo may be subject to significant limitations.
Relation between freshman-year experience and perceived importance of four major educational goals

This study assesses the relationship between the freshman-year experience and the importance students attach to the educational goals of gaining a liberal education, developing career knowledge and skills, enhancing personal knowledge, and improving interpersonal skills. After controlling for students' precollege traits and the importance attached to the above goals prior to entering college, reliable relationships were identified between (1) gaining a liberal education and student-faculty contacts to discuss intellectual and course-related matters and to socialize informally, and students' perceived progress in academic and intellectual development; (2) developing career knowledge and skills and student-faculty contacts to get advice for potential careers; and (3) improving interpersonal skills and peer interactions.
The hemodynamic effects of halothane and isoflurane in chick embryo.

UNLABELLED The cardiovascular effects of volatile anesthetics in prenatal hearts are not well investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the embryonic cardiovascular system is sensitive to an exposure to clinically relevant, equipotent concentrations of halothane and isoflurane. Stage 24 (4-day-old) chick embryos were exposed to 0.09 and 0.16 mM of halothane and 0.17 and 0.29 mM of isoflurane. Dorsal aortic blood velocity was measured with a pulsed-Doppler velocity meter. Halothane, but not isoflurane, caused a significant decrease in cardiac stroke volume and maximum acceleration of blood (dV/dt(max)), an index of cardiac performance. This effect was reversible, and during washout, stroke volume and dV/dt(max) increased above control levels. Embryonic heart rate was not affected by either drug. Chick and human embryos are similar during early stages of development; therefore, chick embryo may be a useful model to study the cardiovascular effects of anesthetics. IMPLICATIONS In equipotent, clinically relevant concentrations, halothane, but not isoflurane, markedly decreased aortic blood flow and cardiac performance measured with ultrasound techniques in chick embryos. Chick and human embryos are similar during early stages of development; therefore, chick embryo may be a useful model to study the cardiovascular effects of anesthetics.