cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three New Species of Amanita from Western Australia

Three new species of Amanita including A. basiorubra, A. austroviridis, and A. luteivolvata are described from Western Australia. They are members of subgenus Lepidella and found as mycorrhizal associates of Eucalyptus in the southwestern forests of Western Australia. Amanita austroviridis has a restricted distribution but the other two species are widely distributed.
Bonhoeffer from the Perspective of Intellectual History

After comments on the mutual dependence of intellectual-historical and constructive-theological work in Bonhoeffer scholarship, this paper shows how the recently completed 'Dietrich Bonhoeffer Works' translation project has allowed for progress in situating Bonhoeffer within intellectual history in general and the history of theology in particular. It does so by focusing on the intellectual relationship between Bonhoeffer and Karl Barth.
Study on the relationship between dietary intake and hypertension in residents of Macheng City,Hubei

Objective To understand the relationship between dietary intake and hypertension in residents over 15 years old in Macheng City and provide a basis for dietary guidance.Methods Questionnaires,physical examinations and field investigations were carried out in accordance with the National Cardiovascular Project.Questionnaires data on the residents' food frequency were collected in the past year.Multi-factor logistic regression analysis using SPSS19.0 was applied.Results A total of 1 931 people were investigated.84.83% of the residents ate meat more than once a week.44.85% of residents had no consumption of milk or its products in the past year.The rate of hypertension was 23.98%.Multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed a negative correlation of milk and fruit with hypertension.Salt and animal cooking oil showed a positive correlation with hypertension.Conclusion Dietary intake among Macheng City residents is not desirable.Health education on nutrition intervention and dietary guidance should be strengthened to effectively reduce the risk of high blood pressure.
Disinfection Qualityof Stomatology Department in Medical Institutions of Gaomi City,2010-2011

Objective To survey the disinfection quality of stomatology department in medical institutions in Gaomi city, and to provide scientific references for disinfection management.Methods Environmental air,object surfaces,disinfectant in use,dental instruments,ultraviolet lamps and the hands of medical staff were tested in stomatology department in Gaomi during 2010-2011.Results The 1 419 samples collected from medical institutions stomatology departments were tested,with 1 121 samples qualified,accounting for 79.0% of the total.The qualified rate in city directly managed hospitals was 95.8%;health clinics in townships were 80.8% and individual dental clinics were 80.59%. The differences among the above institutions had statistical significance(P 0.01).The disinfection quality of object surfaces were 85.8%;the hands of medical staff were 78.6%;disinfectant in used of things were 93.4 %;ultraviolet lamps and dental instruments were 80.5% and 69.0% respectively.Conclusion The disinfection quality of stomatology department in medical institutions is comparatively low in Gaomi city.The disinfection surveillance of health clinics in townships and individual dental clinics should be strengthened,especially in terms of the hands of medical staff and dental instruments.
Mucosal ornithine decarboxylase in the small intestine: localization and stimulation

In most tissues increases in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) are associated with growth. Refeeding fasted rats. a potent stimulus for mucosal growth, strongly increases ODC in both small and large intestinal mucosa. In the small bowel, almost all of this increase occurs in the mature villus cells rather than the proliferative crypt cells. Nevertheless, inhibition of ODC with difluoromethylornithine blocks the growth response. Using a highly specific, polyclonal antiserum to ODC, we have determined that in the fasted rat ODC is localized almost exclusively to the villus cells. Using antiserum dilution techniques, we have shown that, within 2 h, refeeding increases the amount of immunoreactive ODC in both villus and crypt cells. Furthermore, the trophic hormone gastrin also increases ODC, but only in the crypt cells. Epidermal growth factor increased ODC to a greater extent than gastrin, but stimulation was more general, including both crypt and villus cells. Perfusing an isolated segment of small bowel in si...
Neuroethics and disorders of consciousness: A pragmatic approach to neuropalliative care

Unraveling the mysteries of consciousness, lost and regained, and perhaps even intervening so as to prompt recovery are advances for which neither the clinical nor the lay community are prepared. These advances will shake existing expectations about severe brain damage and will find an unprepared clinical context, perhaps even one inhospitable to what should clearly be viewed as important advances. This could be the outcome of this line of enquiry, if this exceptionally imaginative research can continue at all. This work faces a restrictive research environment that has the potential to imperil it. Added to the complexity of the scientific challenges that must be overcome is the societal context in which these investigations must occur. Research on human consciousness goes to the heart of our humanity and asks us to grapple with fundamental questions about the self. Added to this is the regulatory complexity of research on subjects who may be unable to provide their own consent because of impaired decision-making capacity, itself a function of altered or impaired consciousness. These factors can lead to a restrictive view of research that can favor risk aversion over discovery. In this chapter, I will attempt to explain systematically some of these challenges. I will suggest that some of the resistance might be tempered if we view the needs of patients with severe brain injury through the prism of palliative care and adopted that field’s ethos and methods when caring for and conducting research with individuals with severe brain damage and disorders of consciousness. More fundamentally we need to view the needs of this marginalized population as a human rights issue. To make this argument I will draw upon the American pragmatic tradition and utilize clinical pragmatism , a method of moral problem solving that my colleagues and I have developed to address ethical challenges in clinical care and research.
A randomized trial Examining The Impact Of Communicating Genetic And Lifestyle Risks For Obesity.

Objective Genetic testing for obesity is available directly to consumers, yet little is understood about its behavioral impact and its added value to nongenetic risk communication efforts based on lifestyle factors. Methods A randomized trial examined the short-term impact of providing personalized obesity risk information, using a 2 × 2 factorial design. Participants were recruited from the Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative (CPMC) and randomized to receive (1) no risk information (control), (2) genetic risk, (3) lifestyle risk, or (4) combined genetic/lifestyle risks. Baseline and 3-month follow-up survey data were collected. Analyses examined the impact of risk feedback on intentions to lose weight and self-reported weight. Results A total of 696 participants completed the study. A significant interaction effect was observed for genetic and lifestyle information on intent to lose weight (P = 0.0150). Those who received genetic risk alone had greater intentions at follow-up, compared with controls (P = 0.0034). The impact of receiving elevated risk information on intentions varied by source and combination of risks presented. Non-elevated genetic risk did not lower intentions. No group differences were observed for self-reported weight. Conclusions Genetic risk information for obesity may add value to lifestyle risk information depending on the context in which it is presented.
Concurrent renal artery stent during endovascular infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair confers higher risk for 30-day acute renal failure

Abstract Objective Concurrent renal artery angioplasty and stenting (RAAS) during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has been practiced in an attempt to maintain renal perfusion. The aim of this study was to identify the current practice of RAAS during EVAR and its effect on perioperative renal outcome. Methods Patients with infrarenal AAA were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP, 2011-2014) database. Baseline characteristics of patients with concurrent RAAS during EVAR were compared with those of patients who underwent EVAR only. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses controlling for patients' demographics, comorbidities, and operative factors were used to evaluate the predictors of 30-day acute renal failure (ARF). Sensitivity analysis was done to evaluate the role of RAAS in patients with prior kidney disease. Results Overall, 6183 patients underwent EVAR for infrarenal AAA during the study period. Of them, 281 patients had RAAS during EVAR (4.5%). The median age of the patients was 74 years; 81.7% of the cohort was male, but a higher proportion of female patients received EVAR + RAAS compared with patients who underwent EVAR only (26.3% vs 17.9%; P 2 (45.2% vs 37.2%; P = .011). RAAS was associated with significantly higher odds for development of ARF (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.06-8.84; P P = .002), emergency status (aOR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.21-7.27; P = .017), and ruptured AAA as the indication for EVAR (aOR, 4.74; 95% CI, 1.80-12.50; P = .002). Patients with prior kidney disease who had EVAR + RAAS demonstrated a 12-fold higher odds for 30-day ARF (aOR, 12.37; 95% CI, 4.66-32.89; P Conclusions Concurrent RAAS was found to be a significant determinant of adverse renal outcomes after EVAR for infrarenal AAA. This effect was present even after controlling for patients' risk factors that might contribute to postoperative ARF.
Molecular Modification of the Microenvironment by the Tumor Clone

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a disease of plasma cells with specific localization in the bone marrow. Recent studies have shown that MM is consistently preceded by Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS). This has given rise to the concept of a myeloma precursor disease and raised questions about the biologic events leading to progression of these precursor states to symptomatic MM. The genomic complexity in MM was recently corroborated by next generation sequencing which revealed heterogeneity in tumors with tumor progression in a branching rather than in a linear manner, leading to substantial clonal diversity and coexistence of wide genetic heterogeneity. Although many factors regulating tumor progression are tumor cell autonomous, they are insufficient to induce progression and metastasis, and a permissive microenvironment is required for frank malignancy to emerge. Indeed, studies have shown that the tumor microenvironment is a key regulator in many steps of the invasion-metastasis cascade including tumor oncogenesis, egress, protection in the circulation, preparation of the metastatic niche, organ-specific homing, and the permissive role of the microenvironment in tumor colonization. These studies provide proof of bidirectional interactions that occur between tumor cells and the nearby microenvironment that are permissive for tumor initiation and progression, establishing a positive-feedback loop that may be self-amplifying. Although the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is commonly referred to as the “non-tumor” entity, it has to be kept in mind that it is a complex network including a broad range of cells and factors that act as the "malignant niche" that is permissive for tumor growth in MM. Indeed, the BM microenvironment consists of three components: the cellular component (hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, including mesenchymal stromal cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells such as T-regs, myeloid derived suppressor cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells); the extracellular matrix component; and the soluble component (such as exosomes, cytokines, circulating free miRNA and growth factors). Multiple biological processes are affected by interactions between abnormal plasma cells and the BM microenvironment including homing to the BM, spread to secondary BM sites by the bloodstream, generation of paracrine factors, osteoclastogenesis, inhibition of osteogenesis, immune cell dysregulation, and angiogenesis lead to the progression of MM from early MGUS stages to overt metastatic myeloma. Disclosures Ghobrial: BMS: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Onyx: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Millennium/Takeda: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Off Label Use: CXCR4 inhibitors, SDF-1 inhibitors.
Thucydides and the Politics of Necessity

Author(s): Hoekstra, Kinch; Fisher, Mark | Editor(s): Balot, Ryan; Forsdyke, Sara; Foster, Edith | Abstract: Thucydides’ text is a locus classicus for political-theoretical discussions of necessity. Such figures as the Athenian envoys in Sparta and Melos frequently draw upon the concept to explain and justify their actions, while Thucydides himself employs it to great explanatory effect in accounting for the actions and origins of the Peloponnesian War. But necessity does not work in only one mode for Thucydides, nor do his characters draw on one consistent argument from necessity throughout the text. Rather, Thucydides’ text offers a rich illustration of the many different ways that necessity affects, and is said to affect, political life. Furthermore, it suggests an approach to necessity that is heroic despite being entirely naturalistic, and focused on the collective action of the polis.
Body habitus in patients with and without bronchiectasis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

BACKGROUND Female gender, tall stature, presence of bronchiectasis are associated with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections. The biologic relationship between the body habitus and NTM infection is not well defined and the body habitus profile of the patients with NTM and concurrent bronchiectasis is completely unknown. METHODS We conducted a case control study at the Miami VA Healthcare System and the University of Illinois Medical Center on patients with pulmonary NTM infections between 2010 and 2015. We compared pulmonary NTM subjects with and without bronchiectasis. NTM infection was confirmed by using the American Thoracic Society/ Infectious Disease Society of America criteria. Standard radiological criteria were used to define bronchiectasis in chest CT-scan. RESULTS Two hundred twenty subjects with pulmonary NTM were enrolled in the study. Sixty six subjects (30%) had bronchiectasis on CT scan of the chest. Subjects in the bronchiectasis group included more women (p = 0.002) and were significantly older (p = 0.005). Those patients who had bronchiectasis tended to have a significantly lower weight (less than 50kg) and height ≤155 cm (p <0.0001 and p = 0.018, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed that subjects who had bronchiectasis were shorter and weighed less, after adjusting for gender. CONCLUSIONS This study defines a new sub-phenotype of NTM subjects with bronchiectasis who tend to be short with lower body weight. Further studies are needed to better understand and define the body habitus profiles of this new sub-phenotype and their clinical implications.
Space and energy-based turbulent scale-resolving simulations of flow in a 5 × 5 nuclear reactor core fuel assembly with a spacer grid

Abstract The partially averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence model, which is a bridging model between the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes model and direct numerical simulation, is capable of directly resolving the turbulent scales of interest by filtering the Navier–Stokes equation using turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation based filters. In this study, comparison is made between the partially averaged Navier–Stokes and large eddy simulation models, with emphasis on the mean flow characteristics and spatio-temporal turbulent flow structures. The results show that the partially averaged Navier–Stokes modeling produces results comparable to those of large eddy simulation when the appropriate cut-off energy filter is chosen. The test case involves simulating flows in a 5 × 5 fuel rod bundle configuration with a spacer grid at a Reynolds number of 14,000. The simulation results are compared with particle image velocimetry data obtained from the scientific literature.
Pheromone Model Based Visualization of Malware Distribution Networks

We present a novel computational pheromone model for describing dynamic network behaviors in terms of transition, persistency, and hosting. The model consists of a three-dimensional force-directed graph with bi-directional pheromone deposit and decay paths. A data compression algorithm is developed to optimize computational performance. We applied the model for visual analysis of a Malware Distribution Network (MDN), a connected set of maliciously compromised domains used to disseminate malicious software to victimize computers and users. The MDN graphs are extracted from datasets from Google Safe Browsing (GSB) reports with malware attributions from VirusTotal. Our research shows that this novel approach reveals patterns of topological changes of the network over time, including the existence of persistent sub-networks and individual top-level domains critical to the successful operation of MDNs, as well as the dynamics of the topological changes on a daily basis. From the visualization, we observed notable clustering effects, and also noticed life span patterns for high-edge-count malware distribution clusters.
Comparison of the spatial variation in the barrier height of Si and GaAs Schottky diodes as measured by ballistic electron emission microscopy

Nanometer-resolved spatial variations in the Schottky barrier height (SBH) formed at a chemically prepared Au/n-GaAs interface and a UHV prepared Au/PtSi/Si interface have been compared using ballistic electron emission microscopy (BEEM). The statistical distribution of the SBH's obtained were also compared to current-voltage (I/V) and capacitance-voltage (C/V) characteristics of each metal/semiconductor contact. BEEM detects a nanoscale variation in SBH but with a more uniform SBH distribution for the in-situ annealed PtSi/Si diodes versus the oxide passivated Au/GaAs diodes. The average SBH from BEEM agreed well with the SBH from I/V and C/V measurements for both diodes if the effects of thermionic field emission and image force lowering, respectively, were considered. These results demonstrate the unique application of BEEM for the nanoscale evaluation of semiconductor interface inhomogeneities critical to the control of macroscopic electronic properties.
Properties of Individual Embryonic Primary Afferents and Their Spinal Projections in the Rat

Mirnics, Karoly and H. Richard Koerber. Properties of individual embryonic primary afferents and their spinal projections in the rat. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1590–1600, 1997. Embryonic (E19-E20) and e...
Garabedian Duality for Hole-Punch Domains

In the last chapter we learned from Painleve’s Theorem (2.7) that linear Hausdorff measure zero implies removability and from the planar Cantor quarter set that the converse fails in general (Theorem 2.19). However, by one of our early results, Proposition 1.1, the converse does hold if the compact set in question lies in a line. A line, or rather line segment, is the simplest example of a rectifiable curve. One can define arclength measure on a rectifiable curve and show that its zero sets coincide with those of linear Hausdorff measure on the curve (see Sections 4.5 and 5.2). This leads to what is known as Denjoy’s Conjecture: A compact subset of a rectifiable curve is removable if and only if it has arclength measure, i.e., linear Hausdorff measure, zero. In 1909 Arnaud Denjoy claimed to have proved this in [DEN]. His proof however had a gap in it, thus giving rise to the eponymous conjecture which was resolved affirmatively only in 1977 by Alberto Calderon’s famous and justly celebrated paper [CAL] on the L 2-boundedness of the Cauchy integral operator on Lipschitz curves. The interested reader may consult [MARSH] for a proof of Denjoy’s Conjecture from Calderon’s result and more history on this topic.
Purification of human megakaryocytes by fluorescence-activated cell sorting

For direct studies of growth control, a method was developed to purify viable human megakaryocytes to homogeneity from routine normal bone marrow aspirates. An initial separation of marrow over a 1.050 g/mL Percoll density cut was used to enrich megakaryocytes. After washing, the cells were specifically labeled with a fluoresceinated monoclonal antibody or F(ab9)2 fragment to the platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex. Megakaryocytes were selectively sorted by using Becton Dickinson FACStar flow cytometer on the basis of a fluorescence intensity greater than 50-fold that of control cells. To increase resolution and purity the sorting rate was adjusted to one cell in 13 formed drops, and negative events that coincided with positive ones were aborted. Two thirds of the isolated cells were large, morphologically recognizable megakaryocytes with a forward light scatter fourfold that of the main cell population. Microscopic examination showed these cells to be greater than or equal to 98% megakaryocytes with a diameter of 20 to 46 microns and a ploidy range of 2N to 64N with a mode of 16N. The small highly fluorescent cells were 10 to 21 microns in diameter, and their ploidy range from 2N to 32N with main ploidy classes of 2N and 4N. The majority of these small cells also positively reacted with monoclonal antibody to platelet GPIb. The isolated cells were cultured in either Iscove9s or leucine, lysine-deficient RPMI 1640 medium with 10% human plasma. The cells were maintained in culture more than three days and were capable of synthesis of both DNA and protein as assessed by radiolabeled thymidine and amino acid incorporation. Moreover, the isolated megakaryocytes were capable of responding to recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor. The data show that human megakaryocytes can be purified from routine marrow aspirates on the basis of a lineage marker and that they are capable of growth in vitro.
Fisheries in a Changing Delta

Numerous investigations have demonstrated relationships between fisheries yields and the high primary productivities typical of estuaries and estuarine plume ecosystems. Along with the loss of wetlands, presumably so go functions related to them such as commercial harvests of fisheries. However, perhaps the most perplexing aspect of the Mississippi River delta ecosystem is the fact that there is little indication that fisheries productivity has decreased. Why aren’t landings decreasing? We favor the explanation that fisheries of today reflect a degraded ecosystem attributable to environmental damages that began in the 1920s or earlier but that accelerated during the twentieth century. There are a few thorough reviews of differential use of habitat by estuarine fishes from other deltaic ecosystems that may allow us to speculate about how the loss of habitat in Louisiana may impact fisheries production. Greater than 75 % of the species that support fisheries in Louisiana are considered to be estuarine-resident or -dependent, and therefore it is likely to end badly for the Sportsman’s Paradise if large-scale restoration is not possible, or if possible, not undertaken. Large-scale restoration will cause shifts in the locations of the major fisheries but it may be the only hope of maintaining sustainable fisheries.
Chapter 15 – Applications of Thermodynamics to Chemical Processes

This chapter presents a series of examples to show the application of thermodynamic concepts in a variety of processes across several scientific disciplines. The chapter provides selected examples that include the design of industrial processes and have applications to diverse disciplines such as materials science or geochemistry. In addition to a broad disciplinary coverage, the examples illustrate the way through which thermodynamics can be targeted to solve narrowly focused problems such as the synthesis of ammonia and diamond, and provide insights into the problems of a larger scope that require the systematic collection and analysis of many experiments. Some examples also illustrate the way thorough which thermodynamic measurements can be coupled with structural and/or spectroscopic techniques to gain valuable perspectives on the problems. These examples are chosen to be of historical, as well as practical, interest, and the discussion is focused on the “pioneers” in the field who made major contributions. Other examples, however, illustrate the “cutting edge” research and demonstrate that thermodynamics, although being a very old science, is still very much alive, and is a valuable tool for interpreting and solving “modern” chemical problems.
Modeled state-level estimates of hypertension prevalence and undiagnosed hypertension among US adults during 2013-2015.

Hypertension affects about one in three US adults, from recent surveillance, or four in nine based on the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guideline; about half of them have their blood pressure controlled, and nearly one in six are unaware of their hypertension status. National estimates of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the United States are traditionally based on measured BP from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); however, at the state level, only self-reported hypertension awareness and treatment are available from BRFSS. We used national- and state-level representative samples of adults (≥20 years) from NHANES 2011-2014 and BRFSS 2013 and 2015, respectively. The authors generated multivariable logistic regression models using NHANES to predict the probability of hypertension and undiagnosed hypertension and then applied the fitted model parameters to BRFSS to generate state-level estimates. The predicted prevalence of hypertension was highest in Mississippi among adults (42.4%; 95% CI: 41.8-43.0) and among women (42.6%; 41.8-43.4) and highest in West Virginia among men (43.4%; 42.2-44.6). The predicted prevalence was lowest in Utah 23.7% (22.8-24.6), 26.4% (25.0-27.7), and 21.0% (20.0-22.1) for adults, men, and women, respectively. Hypertension predicted prevalence was higher in most Southern states and higher among men than women in all states except Mississippi and DC. The predicted prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension ranged from 4.1% (3.4-4.8; Kentucky) to 6.5% (5.5-7.5; Hawaii) among adults, from 5.0% (4.0-5.9; Kentucky) to 8.3% (6.9-9.7; Hawaii) among men, and from 3.3% (2.5-4.1; Kentucky) to 4.8% (3.4-6.1; Vermont) among women. Undiagnosed hypertension was more prevalent among men than women in all states and DC.
Vernacular Translation in Dante's Italy: A new life for translation: volgarizzamento after humanism

Dante's critique of volgarizzamento had no immediate effect, and the Divine Comedy , as Dante probably anticipated, did not survive long without commentary and even translation. Andrea Lancia made his vernacular version of a Latin compendium of the Aeneid at the behest of Coppo di Borghese before Dante died ( c .1316). One of the most prolific of translators in the early Trecento and long thought to be the author of the so-called Ottimo commento , Lancia has now been shown to be the transcriber of marginal glosses to the Commedia in which he both translates and paraphrases other texts himself and makes use of available volgarizzamenti. The Ottimo commentary on the Commedia also makes frequent use of contemporary translations. Dante's prestige had already become such within his own lifetime that he is regularly cited as an authority in vernacular translations of and commentary on the ancient auctores . For example, glosses to the Tuscan Rimedi d'amore (with which Lancia is also connected) equate Ovid's noble audience with Dante's ‘amor ch'al cor gentil ratto s'aprende’. Ciampolo di Meo degli Ugurgieri's complete Eneide , which made use of or was used for Andrea Lancia's shorter version, thick with marginal and interlinear glosses, makes ample reference to passages in Inferno and Purgatorio .
The Challenges of STEAM Instruction: Lessons from the Field.

STEAM (science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics) education is gaining popularity in schools across the United States and in parts of Europe, Asia, and Australia. Despite its popularit...
Identification of Phosphorylated Amino Acid Residues During Gas Phase Sequencing

Covalent phosphory lation is one of the most cannon post-translational modifications of proteins. Identification of the locations of the phosphorylation sites is essential to explore protein kinase specificity and to understand the effects of phosphorylation on biological function. A difficulty encountered in determining phosphorylation sites is that the phosphate covalently associated with serine or threonine residues is released as inorganic phosphate during Edman degradation of these phosphorylated residues. Several attempts have been made to overcome this difficulty. They include high voltage electrophoretic analysis of peptides after manual Edman degradation (1,2), coversion of the phosphorylated residue into other stable derivatives (3,4), and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (5). However, all these methods have important limitations. The most cannon method actually used forlocating phosphoryla-tion sites is to measure the P-phosphate in the eluate of each Edman cycle in the spinning-cup or solid-phase sequencer using radioactive peptide (6,7). The problem with this method is that the phosphate released from the phosphorylated residues is difqqult to extract from the sequencer, resulting in low 32P recovery and tailing into the following cycles. Assignment of phosphorylation sites is difficult due to the low 32P recovery, especially for peptides containing multiple potential phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, in the gas phase sequencer, almost no 32P can be detected in the eluate and virtually all of the phosphate remains in the sample filter. In this study, we have developed a simple procedure to identify phosphorylation sites using a gas phase sequencer.
Safe multi-cluster UAV continuum deformation coordination

Abstract This paper proposes a paradigm for coordination of multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) clusters in a shared motion space. UAVs are arranged in a finite number of teams each bounded by a leading triangle. Collective motion of each UAV cluster is managed by a continuum deformation defined by three leaders at the vertices of a leading triangle and followers contained within this triangle. Each triangular cluster can deform substantially to support maneuverability in constrained spaces. This paper specifies necessary conditions to guarantee obstacle avoidance as well as collision avoidance within and across all clusters operating in a shared motion space. Given initial and target configurations, an existing planner (A*) identifies the shortest coordinated leader UAV paths from initial to final configuration in a manner that satisfies safety constraints. An illustrative simulation case study is presented. Continuum deformation containment offers scalability in collision-free UAV motion planning not previously realized in the detect-and-avoid literature. The proposed multi-cluster coordination protocol also extends previous cooperative control to address detect-and-avoid (DAA) given multiple cooperative teams with different destinations.
Mechatronic differential enhances safety and driving pleasure

Automotive analysts agree that all-wheel drive (AWD) systems, although introduced as a niche product, will gain in popularity in the future. Consumers’ interests, which are shifting to safety, handling and performance, result in a need for unique drivetrain configurations. The Timken Company has created a torque-bias coupling that enhances safety, vehicle dynamics, traction and overall handling in AWD passenger vehicles.
Luminescence from point defects in widebandgap, direct-gap semiconductors

In this chapter, phenomenological theories of PL are presented and compared with experimental results on PL from wide-bandgap semiconductors, primarily GaN. Types of electron transitions leading to PL are defined in Section 2.2. The rate equations model and the configuration-coordinate (CC) model are presented in Section 2.3. In particular, we will show how to estimate the concentrations of defects and reveal their important characteristics such as the energy levels, carrier capture coefficients, electron-phonon coupling strength, excited states.
Non-destructive enzymatic deamination enables single molecule long read sequencing for the determination of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at single base resolution

The predominant methodology for DNA methylation analysis relies on the chemical deamination by sodium bisulfite of unmodified cytosine to uracil to permit the differential readout of methylated cytosines. Bisulfite treatment damages the DNA leading to fragmentation and loss of long-range methylation information. To overcome this limitation of bisulfite treated DNA we applied a new enzymatic deamination approach, termed EM-seq (Enzymatic Methyl-seq) to long-range sequencing technologies. Our methodology, named LR-EM-seq (Long Range Enzymatic Methyl-seq) preserves the integrity of DNA allowing long-range methylation profiling of 5-mC and 5-hmC over several kilobases of genomic DNA. When applied to known differentially methylated regions (DMR), LR-EM-seq achieves phasing of over 5 kb resulting in broader and better defined DMRs compared to previously reported. This result demonstrated the importance of phasing methylation for biologically relevant questions and the applicability of LR-EM-seq for long range epigenetic analysis at single molecule and single nucleotide resolution.
Integrated Chip-Seq and RNA-Seq Data Analysis Coupled with Bioinformatics Approaches to Investigate Regulatory Landscape of Transcription Modulators in Breast Cancer Cells

The objective of this chapter is to describe step-by-step bioinformatics and functional genomics solutions for analyzing ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq data for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of chromatin modifiers and transcription factors that can drive pathogenesis of chronic complex human diseases, such as cancer. Here we have used two transcription regulatory proteins: nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and inhibitor of differentiation protein 3 (ID3) for ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq data as examples for discussing the importance of selecting the appropriate computational analysis methods, software, and parameters for the processing of raw data as well as their integrative regulatory landscape analysis to obtain accurate and reliable results. Both ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq analytic methodologies are used as instructional examples to identify NRF1 or ID3 binding to the promoters and enhancers in the genome and their effects on the activity as well as to discover target genes that can drive breast cancer.
On Characterization of Petrie Partitionable Plane Graphs

Given a plane graph \(G=(V,E)\), a Petrie tour of G is a tour P of G that alternately turns left and right at each step. A Petrie tour partition of G is a collection \(\mathcal{P}=\{P_1,\ldots ,P_q\}\) of Petrie tours so that each edge of G is in exactly one tour \(P_i \in \mathcal{P}\). A Petrie tour is called a Petrie cycle if all its vertices are distinct. A Petrie cycle partition of G is a collection \(\mathcal{C}=\{C_1,\ldots ,C_p\}\) of Petrie cycles so that each vertex of G is in exactly one cycle \(C_i \in \mathcal{C}\). In this paper, we characterize 3-regular (4-regular, resp.) plane graphs with Petrie cycle (tour, resp.) partitions. Given a 4-regular plane graph \(G=(V,E)\), a 3-regularization of G is a 3-regular plane graph \(G_3\) obtained from G by splitting every vertex \(v\in V\) into two degree-3 vertices. G is called Petrie partitionable if it has a 3-regularization that has a Petrie cycle partition. In this paper, we present an elegant characterization of Petrie partitionable graphs. The general version of this problem is motivated by a data compression method, tristrip, used in computer graphics.
Intensified co-electrolysis process for syngas production from captured CO2

Abstract CO2 reduction to syngas provides a way of ameliorating carbon footprint and storing energy in high-energy-density and versatile feedstock. This current work explores the isothermal integration of CO2 capture with an intensified unit operation for the reduction of CO2 and capture media regeneration. Intensified captured CO2 co-electrolysis (ICC) to syngas (H2:CO ratio of 2) with low CO2 content ( 65 % were observed. Performance of the capture unit becomes critical to maintain syngas ratios (SR). Technology feasibility was assessed through comparative techno-economic and life cycle analysis showing that process intensification enables competitive performance, even at the higher energy consumption featured at the current state of the technology. This because several unit operations can be avoided. LCA also showed that based on the current US electricity mix the reduction of life cycle CO2 emissions is possible at scenarios observed with 0.15 A/cm2 to accomplish a carbon-negative technology.
Etat de l'art sur l'application des bandits multi-bras

The Multi-armed bandit offer the advantage to learn and exploit the already learnt knowledge at the same time. This capability allows this approach to be applied in different domains, going from clinical trials where the goal is investigating the effects of different experimental treatments while minimizing patient losses, to adaptive routing where the goal is to minimize the delays in a network. This article provides a review of the recent results on applying bandit to real-life scenario and summarize the state of the art for each of these fields. Different techniques has been proposed to solve this problem setting, like epsilon-greedy, Upper confident bound (UCB) and Thompson Sampling (TS). We are showing here how this algorithms were adapted to solve the different problems of exploration exploitation.
Damage to freeway structures in the San Fernando earthquake

The extensive freeway system of the Los Angeles basin utilizes a very large number of modern bridge structures to distribute traffic at freeway interchanges and to carry the freeways over and under the city street systems. Most of the bridges are of prestressed concrete or reinforced concrete design and commonly box girder construction is used although some arch and girder type bridges are employed. In general bridges are the major structures on the freeway system and high earth retaining structures and tunnels are not common. Retaining walls are used on some of the older sections in the central area of Los Angeles City.
Aging Regulated Through a Stability Model of Insulin/Insulin Growth Factor Receptor Function

Mutations of the insulin-like receptor in Drosophila extend lifespan. New research suggests this receptor operates in two modes. The first extends lifespan while slowing reproduction and reducing growth. The second strongly extends lifespan without impairing growth or reproduction; it confers longevity assurance. The mutation that confers longevity assurance resides in the kinase insert domain, which contains a potential SH2 binding site for substrate proteins. We apply a recent model for the function of receptor tyrosine kinases to propose how insulin receptor structure can modulate aging. This concept hypothesizes that strong insulin-like ligands promote phosphorylation of high threshold substrate binding sites to robustly induce reproduction, which impairs survival as a consequence of trade-offs. Lower levels of receptor stimulation provide less kinase dimer stability, which reduces reproduction and extends lifespan by avoiding reproductive costs. Environmental conditions that favor diapause alter the expression of insulin ligands to further repress the stability of the interacting kinase domains, block phosphorylation of low threshold substrates and thus induce a unique molecular program that confers longevity assurance. Mutations of the insulin receptor that block low-phosphorylation site interactions, such as within the kinase insert domain, can extend lifespan while maintaining overall dimer stability. These flies are long-lived while maintaining reproduction and growth. The kinase insert domain of Drosophila provides a novel avenue from which to seek signaling of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor system of humans that modulate aging without impacting reproduction and growth, or incurring insulin resistance pathology.
Tuned nonlinear spring-inerter-damper vibration absorber for beam vibration reduction based on the exact nonlinear dynamics model

Abstract Nonlinear vibration absorbers have been extensively investigated for passive vibration control, motion isolation, and synchronous energy harvesting. This paper studies the exact nonlinear dynamics of a simply-supported beam carrying a nonlinear spring-inerter-damper energy absorber for primary resonance vibration reduction. The nonlinear governing equations of the system are derived from the energy method by considering the midplane stretching, structural discontinuity, and nonlinear boundary conditions at the spring-inerter-damper location of the beam and directly solved using the method of multiple scales. The nonlinear frequency correction factor, frequency response function, peak nonlinear frequency response, and bifurcation frequency are obtained and investigated for various system parameters. The influence of the location, spring stiffness, inertial mass, and damping of the nonlinear vibration absorber on the beam dynamics, including natural frequency, mode shape, and nonlinear frequency response, are studied. The stiffness and mass of the nonlinear vibration absorber are optimally tuned to minimize the peak nonlinear frequency response of the beam. The results show that ignoring the nonlinear boundary conditions at the spring-inerter-damper location could lead to serious underestimation of the nonlinear frequency responses. The nonlinear stiffness of the vibration absorber enhances the system nonlinearity but has no contribution to the peak nonlinear frequency response of the beam. Increasing the damping of the vibration absorber could effectively mitigate the beam vibration. When the nominal frequency of the absorber is tuned to be close to the natural frequency of the beam, the beam vibration is mostly reduced.
Examining farmers’ adoption of nutrient management best management practices: a social cognitive framework

The Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy (NRS) aims to reduce nutrient loads in waterways from nonpoint sources such as farm fields. Farmers’ voluntary adoption of soil and water conservation practices is crucial for achieving NRS goals. Although the Iowa NRS has been active since 2013, farmer participation and net pollutant reductions have been insufficient. Therefore, continued efforts to understand the motivations and barriers that underlie farmers’ conservation actions in a comprehensive and integrated manner are needed to improve outreach strategies, and research examining the relationships among factors such as farmers’ self-efficacy, motivations, perceived economic pressure, and soil and water conservation practices adoption in row crop production systems is needed to inform that outreach. This research employed social cognitive theory and previous research around the conceptual category of “motivations” to inform the study of relationships between the dynamic precursors and later modifiers of farmers’ adoption of in-field nutrient management Best Management Practices. Data are from the 2014–2016 Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll. Self-efficacy, collective efficacy, stewardship motivation, crop insurance, perceived economic pressure, age, and crop acres were important predictors of adoption. This research provides innovative insights for policymaking, extension agencies, and other researchers concerning the adoption of nutrient management practices.
Influence of Brassica spp. rapeseed and canola meal, and supplementation of bioactive compound (AITC) on growth performance, intestinal-permeability, oocyst shedding, lesion score, histomorphology, and gene expression of broilers challenged with E. maxima.

ABSTRACT This study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding Brassica spp. including full-fat rapeseed, canola meal, and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to broiler chicken challenged with E. maxima. A total of 576 one-day old male broiler chicks were completely randomized to 8 treatments with 6 replicated cages and 12 birds per cage. The treatment diets consisted of non-challenge control (NC, corn-SBM based diet), challenge control (CC), 10% rapeseed (10RS), 30% rapeseed (30RS), 20% canola (20CLM), 40% canola (40CLM), 500 ppm AITC (500AITC), and 1,000 ppm AITC (1000AITC). At d 14, all birds were challenged, except NC group, with a sub-clinical dose of E. maxima. Intestinal permeability was conducted on 5 d post-infection (dpi) and for oocyst shedding 5-6 dpi feces were pooled and collected. On 6 dpi, growth performance, lesion score, histomorphology, and gene expression were measured. The growth performance result showed that 10RS and 30RS groups had lower BW, BWG, FI, and higher FCR (P
A Modified Wave Equation Model for 3D Flow in Shallow Bodies of Water

This paper presents a numerical model of a set of equations which represent the depth varying nearly horizontal flow conditions observed in shallow bodies of water. Flows of this type may be due to wind, various seiches of adjacent bodies, tidal action, or river inflows. Since shallow regions are commonly the initial recipient of pollutants and often the most severly affected, a realistic depiction of the physical condition, is an important component of an environmental study. Numerical modeling of three dimensional flows can be used to assess exchange rates and resident times between shallow bays and adjacent lakes or seas, or serve as a basis for direct modeling of pollutant transport.
Differences Between the Child and the Aphasic

Comparison between children and aphasics shows more differences than similarities in their language and behaviour. Just as atrophy in plants or animals may bear false resemblances to normal stages of growth, so the pathology of aphasia is not to be understood in the same terms as child development.
Effect of muscular dystrophy on the rate of RNA synthesis in chickens.

Abstract Ribonucleic acid synthetic activity was measured in intact muscle and in isolated nuclei and chromatin from chicks bearing hereditary muscular dystrophy. In the intact muscle, there was little difference in incorporation of labeled uridine between normal and dystrophic breast muscle of embryos; in newly hatched chicks, RNA synthesis was twice as rapid in normal as in dystrophic muscle. The rates of RNA synthesis in nuclei of normal and dystrophic muscle were similar at four animal ages when studied in the presence of Mg 2+ , but nuclei from dystrophic muscle were one-half to one-fifth as active as those from normal muscle when assayed in the presence of Mn 2− or Mn 2+ and ammonium sulphate. At all four ages tested, chromatin preparations from normal and dystrophic muscle exhibited equal template efficiency when assayed with saturating quantities of bacterial RNA polymerase. We conclude that dystrophic chick muscle is less active in RNA synthesis because of a lower content of the Mn 2+ stimulated RNA polymerase. If proposed roles of the Mg 2+ - and Mn + -stimulated enzymes are correct, this change in activity would lead to a decrease in the synthesis of messenger RNA and at least partially explain the decreased protein content, of dystrophic muscle.