cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Screening Designs Used to Estimate the Relative Effects of Display Factors on Dial Reading

Two experiments were conducted to determine if screening designs could be used to obtain reliable estimates of the relative strength of effect of several independent variables. Specifically, the effects of eight independent variables on the speed and accuracy of reading moving-pointer, fixed-scale dials were tested. Additional objectives were to determine if the black-white relationship of the scale markers and dial background affects dial-reading performance or subject preference. The percentage of the variance accounted for by each main effect was very similar across screening designs. The progression of the numbers on the scale had by far the strongest effect. Interpolation and scale unit length also had relatively strong effects, while scale orientation, marker width, pointer design, clutter, and scale number location had weak to trivial effects. Black-on-white and white-on-black dials were read at about the same speed, but more errors were made while subjects read the black-on-white, even though they...
Testing Event-Based Forms of Causality

Three fundamental types of causal relations are those of necessity, sufficiency, and necessity and sufficiency. These types are defined in contexts of categorical variables or events. Using statement calculus or Boolean algebra, one can determine which patterns of events are in support of a particular form of causal relation. In this article, we approach the analysis of these forms of causality taking the perspective of the analyst of empirical data. It is proposed using Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA) to test hypotheses about type of causal relation. Models are proposed for two-variable and multi-variable cases. Two CFA approaches are proposed. In the first, individual patterns (configurations) are examined under the question whether they are in support of a particular type of causal relation. In the second, patterns that are in support are compared with corresponding patterns that are not in support. In an empirical example, hypotheses are tested on the prediction of sustainability of change in dietary fat intake habits.
AFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION: A CROSS‐NATIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDY

Public managers across countries are faced with challenges of attracting and retaining high-quality employees in the context of widespread financial constraints and increasing inter-sectoral competition. These changing circumstances have reinforced the need to enhance public employees' affective organizational commitment, which is related to important outcomes such as employees' performance and retention. However, we know little about the factors that can positively influence affective organizational commitment in a cross-national context. This study applies a cross-national comparative approach using data from four US states (Oregon, Florida, Washington, and Utah) and India to examine the factors influencing affective organizational commitment. We focus mainly on the effects of job satisfaction, which is considered to be the most important antecedent of affective organizational commitment. Our findings indicate that, in both countries' contexts, job satisfaction has a significant positive impact on affective organizational commitment. We also examine the US–India differences in the levels of affective organizational commitment. Findings indicate that, compared to the four US states of Oregon, Florida, Washington, and Utah, affective organizational commitment is significantly higher among Indian public managers.
Successive Linear Approximation Methods for Leak Detection in Water Distribution Systems

AbstractIn many modern water networks, an emerging trend is to measure pressure at various points in the network for operational reasons. Because leaks typically induce a signature on pressure, the...
Hepatic ABCA1 deficiency is associated with delayed apolipoprotein B secretory trafficking and augmented VLDL triglyceride secretion

Abstract ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a membrane transporter that facilitates nascent HDL formation. Tangier disease subjects with complete ABCA1 deficiency have
The carbon nanotube formation parameter space: data mining and mechanistic understanding for efficient resource use

Carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis via catalytic chemical vapor deposition is relatively energy consumptive and among the least efficient reactions with respect to carbon conversion efficiency. Interestingly, these processes can be fed using a diverse set of hydrocarbon starting materials, including methane, ethylene, and acetylene, over a wide range of operating temperatures and carbon-to-hydrogen feedstock ratios. Mapping the parameter space for successful CNT growth through data extraction from published literature illuminated the most energy- and material- efficient synthetic pathways in practice to date and provided insights on thermodynamic limitation of CNT growth (i.e., the fundamental mechanisms of CNT formation). Further experimental investigations confirmed that emergent trends in the literature were the result of physicochemical constraints on the process rather than behavioral inertia in the community. The initiation temperatures for CNT growth from acetylene, ethylene, and methane feedstocks via direct experimentation were 550, 700, and 950 °C, respectively, consistent with the trend in literature-extracted mean optima (642 ± 128, 739 ± 82, and 858 ± 125 °C, respectively). These relative temperatures are consistent with a universal CNT growth mechanism, wherein all carbon feedstocks are converted to alkyne-containing species that serve as direct precursors for CNT growth. Mitigating this step with rational carbon precursor delivery, rather than relying on heat to generate the most reactive precursors in situ, could largely reduce the environmental burdens in CNT manufacturing. Indeed, manipulating the starting gas-phase composition and minimizing the thermal treatment through the use of C2H2 increased carbon conversion yield by a factor of more than 10 compared to C2H4, and, consequently, should minimize hazardous volatile organic compound and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions. The methodology utilized in this study is transferrable to guide the green synthesis of other materials and should be automated in the future for high-throughput screening of the vast process chemistry literature.
Design high bandwidth-density, low latency and energy efficient on-chip interconnect

For future high-performance computing chips, on-chip interconnect requires large bandwidth-density, low latency, and high energy-efficiency, which pose significant design challenges. This paper presents a design space exploration of transmission line based on-chip interconnect. First, we conduct an optimization of on-chip transmission lines to minimize the size, channel loss and inter-symbol-interference (ISI), hence to maximize the bandwidth-density. Based on the result, differential coplanar waveguide (CPW) with 55-µm pitch size is chosen as the transmission line topology. Next, channel capacities of channel lengths from 2 to 8 cm are characterized based on time-domain pulse responses. Various equalizers are studied, which are used to increase the ISI-limited channel capacity. To make better use of the large equalized channel capacity, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is employed instead of traditional non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signaling. A link budget analysis is then conducted to find the optimal modulation format for each channel. To verify our analyses, several transceivers are designed in 28-nm CMOS technology. An 84-Gb/s PAM-8 transceiver achieves 1.5-Gb/s/μm bandwidth-density over a 4-cm channel. The unrepeated bandwidth-density is 6.1 Gb/s/μm·cm, which is almost 10 times larger compared to prior work.
Implementing data-to-care initiatives for HIV in New York state: assessing the value of community health centers identifying persons out of care for health department follow-up

To end the HIV/AIDS epidemic, innovative strategies are needed to improve outcomes along the HIV care continuum. Data-to-Care is a public health strategy whereby HIV surveillance data are used to i...
PREPARATION OF (S)-tert-ButylPHOX (Oxazole, 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro- (4S)-).

-leucine (76.24 mmol, 1.0 equiv, 99% ee) (Note1) and 200 mL of tetrahydrofuran (0.38 M) (Note 2) under a positive pressure of nitrogen. Theresulting suspension was cooled to ca. 4 °C in an ice-water bath and 6.922 g of sodiumborohydride (183.0 mmol, 2.4 equiv) (Note 1) was added in one portion (Note 3). The additionfunnel was charged with a solution of 19.35 g iodine (76.24 mmol, 1.0 equiv) (Note 1) in 50mL of tetrahydrofuran (Note 2) via syringe and added dropwise to the suspension over 1 h.
Secondary multicystic changes in the contralateral lung associated with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Abstract In this report we present a case of extensive cystic changes of the lung that developed postnatally in an infant with right Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. The cystic changes occurred on contralateral side, in the setting of relatively low mean airway pressures. With gentle ventilatory techniques, Heliox, and intentional collapse of the affected lung, the cysts gradually resolved.
Experiments in Democracy: Interracial and Cross-Cultural Exchange in American Theatre, 1912–1945 ed. by Cheryl Black and Jonathan Shandell (review)

Experiments in Democracy assembles thirteen essays illustrating how the American stage cultivated and complicated cross-cultural dialogues about democracy before the civil rights movement. It addresses the role of performance in fostering inclusivity and social justice by highlighting representative works, including dance drama, radio drama, scripted political rallies, and Broadway shows.
Introductory geosciences at the two-year college: Factors that influence student transfer intent with geoscience degree aspirations

ABSTRACTThe geosciences continue to lag behind the other sciences in both diversity and degree completion rates of students transferring from two-year colleges (2YCs). Critical to strengthening the...
Loss of YAP/TAZ impaired the proliferation and differentiation ability of neural progenitor cells

Abstract YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) are downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway, they activate the expression of transcriptional targets that promote cell growth, cell proliferation, and prevent apoptosis. Here we examined the function of YAP/TAZ in mouse neocortex development through conditional deletion of Yap and Taz by Emx1-Cre. Loss of YAP/TAZ cause the hydrocephalus after birth, leads to aberrant development and dilated ventricle in adult stage, this phenotype can be detected as early as P0. YAP/TAZ are expressed in Sox2+ neural progenitor cells, when YAP/TAZ are deleted, the neuroepithelial cell junctions are disrupted; the numbers of Sox2+ cell and Tbr2+ cell are reduced and the ratio of tbr2/Sox2 is also reduced at E17.5. Results of cell cycle analyzing experiments display YAP/TAZ deletion increased the cell cycle exit. The improperly increased expression of Tuj1+ in progenitor cells in the YAP/TAZ deleted cortex indicates the premature of Sox2+ progenitor cells. Together, our results reveal that YAP/TAZ deletion changed the polarity of neuroepithelial cells, and increased the cell cycle exit, reduced the differentiation of Sox2+ cells into Tbr2+ cells through promoting the premature of Tuj1+ cells. These results define the functions of YAP/TAZ in keeping the cell polarity neural progenitors and ensuring their proliferation and differentiation, and also reveal the roles of YAP/TAZ in developing cortex.
Feasibility of spontaneous ignition during air injection in light oil reservoirs

Abstract Air injection in light oil reservoirs is a complicated EOR (enhanced oil recovery) technique. Till now, the mechanisms of HPAI (high pressure air injection) are still under controversy. Some researchers state that the heat generation is not important for the recovery of light oil during HPAI, and consider the LTO (low temperature oxidation) is only to remove the oxygen but not to establish the combustion front, while others claim that the spontaneous ignition and sustainable combustion front are the key aspects for a success HPAI project. The experimental trials on spontaneous ignition of HPAI to light oil are reviewed and discussed in this paper. This paper also investigates the spontaneous ignition feasibility through both analytical method and numerical method. The review shows that the combustion tube test is used to study combustion sustainability but not suitable to study the spontaneous ignition, and the thermal experiments can only be applied as screening tool to select favorable oil for HPAI in terms of feasibility of spontaneous ignition while further core flooding tests are still required. This paper also proposes an approach which associates thermal experiments with numerical simulation method to investigate the spontaneous ignition of a light oil. A case study is performed with a Wolfcamp light oil, the simulation study shows that the LTO of this light oil cannot induce spontaneous ignition during air injection in both core flooding experiment and field application. The analytical approach is very sensitive to the kinetic data which is used to estimate the ignition delay time. As a result, the analytical method may be misleading in terms of the feasibility of spontaneous ignition, if inappropriate data are selected.
Gauss’s Binomial Formula and a Noncommutative Binomial Formula

In this chapter we will encounter two binomial formulas involving q-binomial coefficients. Let us first consider an example similar to the one given in the previous chapter.
A pilot study on the impact of creative achievement on academic achievement in media-oriented CS1

We present the results of a pilot study relating creative achievement and academic performance in introductory computer science courses. The experimental CS1 course was based on the Java-based Media Computing approach, with some deviations to emphasize concepts of object-oriented programming. Students' creative achievement was measured quantitatively using the Creative Achievement Questionnaire, a reliable and valid instrument. The study data comprises questionnaire results along with lab scores, exam scores, course grade, GPA, ethnicity, and gender for fifteen students, including four CS majors and eleven non-CS majors. No significant relationship was found between creative achievement and either GPA or course grade, although some more fine-grained relationships were discovered between creative achievement and specific kinds of assignments. A discussion of these relationships is provided, along with implications for practice and recommendations for future work.
Validation of Geant4’s G4NRF module against nuclear resonance fluorescence data from 238U and 27Al

Abstract G4NRF (Jordan and Warren, 2007; Vavrek et al., 2018a) is a simulation module for modeling nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) interactions in the Geant4 framework (Allison et al., 2016). In this work, we validate G4NRF against both absolute and relative measurements of three NRF interactions near 2.2 MeV in 238U and 27Al using the transmission NRF data from the experiments described in Vavrek et al. (2018b). Agreement between the absolute NRF count rates observed in the data and predicted by extensive Geant4+G4NRF modeling validate the combined Geant4+G4NRF to approximately 15–20% in the 238U NRF transitions and 10% in 27Al, for an average 14% discrepancy across the entire study. The difference between simulation and experiment in relative NRF rates, as expressed as ratios of count rates in various NRF lines, is found at the level of ≲ 3 % , and is statistically identical to zero. Inverting the analysis, approximate values of the absolute level widths and branching ratios for 238U and 27Al are also obtained.
Effects of Acid Rain on Epiphytic Orchid Growth

The Big Cypress Swamp in South Florida is known for its subtropical flora and fauna. Among the species of subtropical vegetation occurring in this area are many epiphytic plants which are directly vulnerable to atmospheric inputs. Some preliminary evidence indicates that this general area may be experiencing elevated concentrations of gaseous and particulate air pollutants, but very little is known about their potential impact on biological resources. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of simulated acid rain at several pH levels in the growth and development of the epiphytic orchid plant Encyclia tampensis. The sixty plants used in this experiment were collected from the Fakhahatchee Strand located within the Big Cypress Swamp. Plants used were mature plants, intermediate sized plants and young seedlings, which were exposed to the following pH ranges of simulated acid rain (pH 2.5, 4.0, 5.6) for a period of six months. Observations were made concerning: number and conditions of flower spikes and flower buds; number and condition of new and old leaves; the general condition of the plant. The results indicated that there is a negative effect on the growth rate of these plants exposed to varying levels of simulated acid rain mistings.
A pattern mining approach toward discovering generalized sequence signatures.

Typically, sequence signatures, such as motifs and domains, are assumed to be localized in one region of a sequence or are derived as combinations of the former. We generalize the concept of sequence signatures and introduce an algorithm for efficiently determining signatures based on subsequences that may be located anywhere on a sequence. In a preprocessing step, sequences are transformed into a feature space that is subsequently used to mine generalized signatures. We evaluate our signatures in relation to those in the InterPro database and highlight the differences between them. A second comparison with InterPro shows that our signatures can be used to derive sequence annotations with a higher
Examining the Utility of Group Counseling for LGBTQ+ Young Adults in the Coming Out Process

ABSTRACTAlthough the need for counseling specific to LGBTQ+ coming out concerns is recognized, limited empirical evidence exists to substantiate such claims. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between LGBTQ+ young adults’ (ages 18–24) group therapeutic factor scores and their levels of coping, appraisal of social support, and coming out growth following their participation in a strength-based group counseling intervention. Significant relationships were identified between the participants’ group therapeutic factor score and their adaptive coping and coming out growth scores. Implications for group counseling and counselor education are discussed.
Transparent conductive oxide-gated silicon microring with extreme resonance wavelength tunability

Transparent conductive oxides have attracted escalating research interest for integrated photonic devices and metasurfaces due to the extremely large electro-optic modulation of the refractive index by the free-carrier-induced plasma dispersion effect. In this paper, we have designed and fabricated a silicon microring resonator using an indium-tin oxide gate as the electric-tuning electrode. It achieved an ultralarge resonance wavelength tunability of 271 pm/V, which is obtained through the reduced width of the ring waveguide and a high-dielectric-constant HfO2 insulator. We demonstrated a broad resonance wavelength tuning range of over 2 nm with an ultrafast response time of less than 12 ns and near-zero static power consumption, which outperforms traditional thermal tuning.
Schools as places of crime? Evidence from closing chronically underperforming schools

Abstract We leverage the closing of chronically underperforming public schools in Philadelphia to estimate their impact on neighborhood crime. Employing a difference-in-differences strategy comparing monthly crime in blocks where school buildings closed to blocks where schools remained open or were never located, we find significant and substantive declines in crime following school closure. The decline in crime is driven by reductions in violent crime, is concentrated in blocks where high schools closed, during weekday hours when schools would have been in session, and is greatest in the blocks where more students exited following closures. While crime increased in blocks that enrolled a larger share of students displaced due to closures, the displacement of crime was significantly smaller in magnitude than the total crime reduction. These results suggest that closing schools with high rates of student misconduct and low educational performance led to a net reduction in crime in Philadelphia.
International Mutual Funds, Capital Flow Volatility, and Contagion – A Survey

Gaining a better understanding of the behavior of international investors is key for informing the debate about the optimal response to capital flows and about reforms to the international financial architecture. In this context, recent research on the behavior of international mutual funds at the micro level has expanded our knowledge about the drivers of portfolio flows and the mechanisms behind the transmission of financial shocks across countries. This paper provides a brief survey of this literature, with a focus on the empirical evidence for emerging markets. Overall, the behavior of international mutual funds is complex and overly simplistic characterizations are misleading. However, there is broad-based evidence for momentum trading among funds. Moreover, funds tend to avoid opaque markets and assets, and this behavior becomes more pronounced during volatile times. Portfolio rebalancing mechanisms are clearly important in explaining contagion patterns, even in the absence of common macroeconomic fundamentals. From a surveillance point of view, this implies that monitoring the exposures of large investors at a micro level is crucial to assess vulnerabilities.
Impact of Cirrhosis on Morbidity and Mortality After Spinal Fusion.

Study Design:Retrospective large database study.Objective:To determine the impact of cirrhosis on perioperative outcomes and resource utilization in elective spinal fusion surgery.Methods:Elective ...
Multi-instanton contributions to anomalous quark interactions

In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the role which topologically non-trivial configurations play in splitting the singlet pseudo-Goldstone meson, the $\eta^\prime$, from the octet is familiar. In addition, such configurations contribute to other processes which violate the axial $U(1)_A$ symmetry. While the nature of topological fluctuations in the confined phase is still unsettled, at temperatures well above that for the chiral phase transition, they can be described by a dilute gas of instantons. We show that instantons of arbitrary topological charge $Q$ generate anomalous interactions between $2 N_f |Q|$ quarks, which for $Q = 1$ make the $\eta^\prime$ heavy. For two flavors we compute an anomalous quartic meson coupling and discuss its implications for the phenomenology of the chiral phase transition. A dilute instanton gas suggests that for cold, dense quarks, instantons do not evaporate until very high densities, when the baryon chemical potential is $\gtrsim 2$ GeV.
Sentiment Bias in Predictive Text Recommendations Results in Biased Writing

Prior research has demonstrated that intelligent systems make biased decisions because they are trained on biased data. As people increasingly leverage intelligent systems to enhance their productivity and creativity, could system biases affect what people create? We demonstrate that in at least one domain (writing restaurant reviews), biased system behavior leads to biased human behavior: People presented with phrasal text entry shortcuts that were skewed positive wrote more positive reviews than they did when presented with negative-skewed shortcuts. This result contributes to the pertinent debate about the role of intelligent systems in our society.
The IMPACT of Agent Transparency on Human Performance

The primary purpose of this article is to determine the impact of a simulated agent's transparency on human performance and related variables, such as response time, workload, and trust calibration. The agent supports participants as they complete a base defense task by managing a team of heterogeneous unmanned vehicles and serves as a decision aid to the human. Three conditions of transparency are explored. In condition 1, the agent displays only the basic information (map of vehicle location and proposed routes). In condition 2, the agent displays the basic information and an explanation of its reasoning. In condition 3, the agent displays the basic information, reasoning, and uncertainties involved in the plans. Results show that participants exhibit better performance and trust calibration in the high-transparency conditions without perceiving a significant increase in workload. However, response time also increased, likely due to the additional processing time needed for conditions with more information. Overall, our findings indicate that the increased agent transparency can improve human-agent decision making and performance, but with a small cost of the efficiency (timeliness) of task completion.
The tangent complex and Hochschild cohomology of -rings

In this work, we study the deformation theory of -algebras, constructed as a topological analogue of Beilinson and Drinfeld’s chiral homology. We give a separate exposition of this theory, developing the necessary results used in our proofs.
Epidemiology of the classical myeloproliferative neoplasms: The four corners of an expansive and complex map

The classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), specifically chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), represent clonal myeloid disorders whose pathogenesis is driven by well-defined molecular abnormalities. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the epidemiological literature and present our own analysis of the most recent the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program data through 2016. Older age and male gender are known risk factors for MPNs, but the potential etiological role of other variables is less established. The incidences of CML, PV, and ET are relatively similar at 1.0-2.0 per 100,000 person-years in the United States, while PMF is rarer with an incidence of 0.3 per 100,000 person-years. The availability of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy has dramatically improved CML patient outcomes and yield a life expectancy similar to the general population. Patients with PV or ET have better survival than PMF patients.
The Pattern of Tongue’s Motion: A Free-Exploration Study

The human tongue is involved in many essential daily activities and is comprised of eight muscles. To date tools for quantifications of the tongue’s intrinsic motions are limited. In this study we explored the tongue’s motion during a free-exploration paradigm, using a discreet wireless intra-oral wearable device. Six healthy subjects were instructed to freely move the tip of their tongue on the wearable device while attempting to cover the entire surface of the hard palate. The goal of this study is to compose a two-dimensional probability distribution model of the tongue’s motion. We conclude that 90-seconds of non-continuous data collection was sufficient for visualizing the two-dimensional probability distribution of the free-exploration paradigm. The results suggest that the subjects concentrate the majority of the motion in the central portion of the palate.
Lessons as a prevention intern: Eliminating sexual violence through school-based programs

Every 73 seconds another person in America is sexually assaulted. For my senior practicum, I worked at Sexual Assault Resource Center, which provides advocacy and support services, including crisis intervention and counseling, for survivors of sexual violence. My goals for my time with SARC included developing knowledge and skills related to being a trauma therapist, learning about how a nonprofit operates, and gaining an understanding of sex education and sexual violence prevention programs. As a Sexual Assault Advocate and Education and Prevention Intern at SARC, my primary responsibilities involved engaging in community outreach events, delivering educational workshops, and presenting prevention curriculum in schools. As a result of my participation, I became interested in researching school-based prevention strategies and programs aimed at reducing sexual violence, as well as their focus areas, strengths, and limitations. My research and practicum experience reframed the way I viewed prevention work, provided insight into effective prevention strategies, and reminded me of why I believe so strongly in early prevention education to reduce sexual violence.
Magnification loupes influence on neck and trunk flexion of dental hygienists while scaling-A pilot study.

Objective Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common in the dental hygiene profession. Awkward postures contribute to MSDs and magnification loupes have been suggested to reduce this risk factor and minimize MSDs. Methods After IRB approval, 24 hygienists were enrolled in the study: twelve hygienists wearing loupes with a standard manufacturer determined declination angle (control) and 12 hygienists wearing loupes with a custom measured declination angle (experimental). To measure changes in neck and trunk flexion, accelerometers were placed on the occipital region of head, cervical vertebrae C5, and thoracic vertebrae T5 and baseline posture was recorded. Typodonts with artificial calculus simulated the oral environment. Participants were randomly assigned to wear their designated loupes during the first or second trial of the experiment and scaled in each quadrant (UR, LR, UL, LL) of the mouth for two minutes. Participants completed the scaling task twice: in the loupes and no loupes condition in a counterbalanced order. Three-way mixed design ANOVA was used to determine posture differences in neck and trunk posture. Results Those wearing custom loupes (M = 16.52, SD = 6.40) had significantly less trunk flexion while scaling compared to hygienists wearing standard loupes (M = 22.27, SD = 6.40), F(1, 22) = 7.14, P = .01. Neck flexion was not significantly affected while scaling between loupes vs no loupes or loupes type condition, (P's > .05). Conclusion Posture was partially impacted by loupes type. Custom loupes resulted in less trunk flexion. Neck flexion was not affected by either loupes type.
CITY BENCHMARKING, GLOBALIZED URBAN SCHOLARSHIP AND THE VIEW FROM ABOVE: Reflections on a Few Absences

In this short response I address Acuto et al.’s proposition to engage with the political economy of city benchmarking and rankings in order to show that critical urban scholarship can do better than ‘limiting itself to criticism’. I argue that such engagement would require deeper reflexion on the political economy of critical urban scholarship itself and the style of research needed. I also discuss the extent to which this engagement with cities’ comparative imagination as performed through benchmarks, rankings and indices runs the risk of overlooking other forms of global comparative endeavours happening outside of international urban solutions forums.
Picturing dual language and gentrification: an analysis of visual media and their connection to language policy

Dual language (DL) programs propose to be vehicles of social justice and transformation by valuing an additional language other than the dominant one in a society and thereby contesting language hierarchies and the subordination of those who speak/use a non-dominant language (Flores, Flores, Educational Policy 30:13–38, 2016; Menken and Garcia, Menken, K., & Garcia, O. (2021). Constructing translanguaging school policies and practices. In: CUNY-New York State Initiative on Emergent Bilinguals (Eds.) Translanguaging and transformative teaching for emergent bilingual students. Project. Routledge, New York.). However, Palmer (Henderson, K. I., & Palmer, D. K. (2020). Dual Language Bilingual Education: Teacher Cases and Perspectives on Large-scale Implementation. Multilingual Matters.: 11) warned that DL programs risk becoming “enrichment foreign-language immersion to middle- and upper-class White children” and hence “lost opportunit[ies] for transformation.” This “gentrification” of DL efforts is enabled by racial, economic, and linguistic hierarchies of power (Valdez, Freire, and Delavan, Valdez et al., The Urban Review 48:601–627, 2016). Our analysis of five images from a corpus of 34 online news articles considers how photographic depictions of DL programs can manifest gentrification in non-linguistic ways that nonetheless reinforce moves away from DL for social transformation and toward DL as hegemonic. This paper clarifies how multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA) and Habermasian notions of the public sphere critically complement how public spaces (in this case schools) get imbued with “specific values that mediate inhabitants’ interpretations of themselves and their relation to others in a space” (Hult, Hult, Tollefson and Perez-Milans (eds), The Oxford handbook of language policy and planning, Oxford University Press, 2018: 338). Findings reveal nuanced ways in which world language populations are protagonized visually and related ways that heritage/maintenance populations are either erased or marginalized. This helps explain the key assertion—that visual images can reinforce DL program gentrification—but also augments the theoretical toolkit available to study how progressive intentions of DL can become co-opted.
Metastatic Prostate Cancer Involving the Sphenoid Sinus and Mandible.

Prostate cancer is the third most leading cause of cancer in men in the United States. Although expected metastatic spread to bone, liver, and lymph nodes are often monitored, there are other rare ...
Plant promoter-proximal pausing?

A study of a synthetic auxin response circuit in a heterologous system suggests that hindrance of Mediator complex function by the co-repressor TOPLESS may represent a form of promoter pausing, a mechanism that has not been described in plants before.
Effect of Light Regiment on Farrowing Performance and Behavior in Sows

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of light exposure on farrowing performance in sows. Thirty sows were moved to the farrowing unit at d 110 of gestation and assigned a treatment: 12 h light/12 h dark cycle (Dark) or 24 h light (Light). Treatments began upon entry into the farrowing unit. Video was recorded continuously from initiation of the treatments until completion of farrowing. Data collected included duration of farrowing, birthing interval, and behavior during farrowing. Additionally, the number of total born, liveborn, and stillborn piglets was recorded. Gestation length was different between treatments, with a shorter gestation in Dark treatment sows than Light treatment sows (116.4 vs. 117.1 ± 0.2 d, respectively; p = 0.027). The total duration of parturition and number of liveborn did not differ (p = 0.393). Number of stillborn piglets between treatments did differ (p = 0.018). Dark had more stillborns compared to Light treatment sows (1.5 vs. 0.7 ± 0.2 piglets, respectively). Neither the interval between piglets nor farrowing behavior differed between treatments (p > 0.100). The results from this experiment indicate that a sudden change in photoperiod has the potential to impact the gestation length of sows and number of stillborn pigs.
Barriers to Healthy Eating and Diabetes Diet Education: Divergent Perspectives of Patients and Their Providers.

Patients report that adhering to diet is the most challenging aspect of diabetes management. Provision of diet education is often delegated to health care providers, despite a lack of nutrition edu...
Hepatitis C Virus: Epidemiology and transmission

Epidemiological investigations of HCV actually began with the realization that there was still a high frequency of PTH after exclusion of HAV, HBV (Prince et al., 1974; Alter et al., 1975), and other viral and toxic causes of hepatitis (Reesink & van der Poel, 1989). In the 1970s and early 1980s, the frequency of NANB PTH in different countries ranged from 2–11 per 1000 transfusions in the Netherlands and 3 per 1000 in England to 10–28 per 1000 in the United States and 23 per 1000 in Italy (Reesink & van der Poel, 1989). Among patients receiving transfusions, more than 80% of PTH was designated as NANB PTH, with 10–20% symptomatic in the acute phase. Additional observations showed about half of those with NANB PTH developed chronic hepatitis, and up to 20% of those with chronic hepatitis went on to develop cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was also shown to be an important risk factor for the appearance of HCC (Dienstag, 1983; Reesink & van der Poel, 1989). Among people with NANB PTH, more than 40% had a history of intravenous drug abuse and 5–10% had a history of possible or known occupational exposure to blood (mostly among health care providers). In addition to PTH, NANBH was also reported in up to 40% of those with acute sporadic hepatitis in the United States in which there was no history of blood transfusion (Alter et al., 1982).
Time Series Models: Further Topics

Economic time series often exhibit strong seasonal variation. For example, an investor in mortgage-backed securities might be interested in predicting future housing starts, and these are usually much lower in the winter months compared to the rest of the year. Figure 10.1(a) is a time series plot of the logarithms of quarterly urban housing starts in Canada from the first quarter of 1960 to final quarter of 2001. The data are in the data set Hstarts in R's Ecdat package.
A Federal Charter Option for Insurance Companies: Lessons from the Bank Experience

Professor Broome discusses the interest following the enactment of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act in establishing a federal charter option for insurance companies. She summarizes previous efforts to obtain a federal insurance charter. The paper attempts to draw some lessons for the insurance industry from the bank experience with dual chartering. Professor Broome cautions that the dual banking system is not the product of a carefully crafted balancing of powers between state and federal regulators, but rather an historical accident, and suggests that creating a new federal bureaucracy to mimic this system would, at this juncture, be premature.
Internet Potential Impact on Latin America

The potential impact of Internet and Intranets will be discussed as it relates to Latin American. Results from a national survey of acute care hospitals will be used as the basis for the interpretation and to indicate potential directions. The level of technology adoption varies through Latin American, as it does in the rest of the whole, and this fact will be considered in the analyses. This paper will indicate benefits from Internet and Intranet technologies.
Balkanizing the primate orbitofrontal cortex: Distinct subregions for comparing and contrasting values

The primate orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is often treated as a single entity, but architectonic and connectional neuroanatomy indicates that it has distinguishable parts. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted to dissociate the functions of its subregions. Here we review findings from recent neuropsychological and neurophysiological studies that do so. The lateral OFC seems to be important for learning, representing and updating specific object–reward associations. Medial OFC seems to be important for value comparisons and choosing among objects on that basis. Rather than viewing this dissociation of function in terms of learning versus choosing, however, we suggest that it reflects the distinction between contrasts and comparisons: differences versus similarities. Making use of high-dimensional representations that arise from the convergence of several sensory modalities, the lateral OFC encodes contrasts among outcomes. The medial MFC reduces these contrasting representations of value to a single dimension, a common currency, in order to compare alternative choices.
Dual-symmetric theory of hadrons.—I

A theory of mesons is based on the experimentally observed linear level spacing of hadron excitations. The theory uses a model for the internal structure of mesons consisting of a system of harmonic vibrations. Roughly speaking, a meson is described by the degrees of freedom of a four-dimensional rubber band with a quark pair embedded in it. The theory satisfies relativistic invariance, crossing symmetry and a generalization of duality which we call dual-symmetry. In the approximation of retaining only tree graphs, the scattering amplitudes are given by then-point dual amplitudes recently proposed by Virasoro, Bardakci and Ruegg, Chan and Goebel and Sakita. In the special case,n=4, we reproduce Veneziano’s formula.
The Synthetic Elicitor 2-(5-Bromo-2-Hydroxy-Phenyl)-Thiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid Links Plant Immunity to Hormesis

Synthetic elicitors are drug-like compounds that induce plant immune responses but are structurally distinct from natural defense elicitors. Using high-throughput screening, we previously identified 114 synthetic elicitors that activate the expression of a pathogen-responsive reporter gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we report on the characterization of one of these compounds, 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (BHTC). BHTC induces disease resistance of plants against bacterial, oomycete, and fungal pathogens and has a unique mode of action and structure. Surprisingly, we found that low doses of BHTC enhanced root growth in Arabidopsis, while high doses of this compound inhibited root growth, besides inducing defense. These effects are reminiscent of the hormetic response, which is characterized by low-dose stimulatory effects of a wide range of agents that are toxic or inhibitory at higher doses. Like its effects on defense, BHTC-induced hormesis in Arabidopsis roots is partially dependent on the WRKY70 transcription factor. Interestingly, BHTC-induced root hormesis is also affected in the auxin-response mutants axr1-3 and slr-1. By messenger RNA sequencing, we uncovered a dramatic difference between transcriptional profiles triggered by low and high doses of BHTC. Only high levels of BHTC induce typical defense-related transcriptional changes. Instead, low BHTC levels trigger a coordinated intercompartmental transcriptional response manifested in the suppression of photosynthesis- and respiration-related genes in the nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria as well as the induction of development-related nuclear genes. Taken together, our functional characterization of BHTC links defense regulation to hormesis and provides a hypothetical transcriptional scenario for the induction of hormetic root growth.
The on-line analysis of atrial pressures using a digital computer☆

Abstract A computer program for the on-line analysis of the waveforms of atrial pressure has been developed and utilized in the study of patients. The computer logic analyzes the pressure waves for mean pressure, “a” waves and “v” waves. The “a” wave analysis is omitted when atrial fibrillation is present, and analysis of atrial pressures during atrial or ventricular premature beats is deleted by selection of representative waveforms. Using these techniques, excellent reproducibility for computer analyzed data was demonstrated by measuring similar pressures taken at different times, and a high degree of accuracy for computer measurements was suggested by the excellent correlations between computer analyzed and manually measured data. Computer measurements are more reproducible than manual measurements.
Improving Keypoint Orientation Assignment

Detection and description of local image features has proven to be a powerful paradigm for a variety of applications in computer vision. Often, this process includes an orientation assignment step to render the overall process invariant to in-plane rotation. In this paper, we review several different existing algorithms and propose two novel, efficient methods for orientation assignment. The first method exhibits a very good speedperformance trade-off; the second is capable of multiple orientations and performs comparable to SIFT’s orientation assignment while being significantly cheaper. Additionally, we improve one of the existing orientation assignment methods by generalizing it. All algorithms are evaluated empirically under a variety of conditions and in combination with six keypoint detectors.
Subtraction computed tomographic angiography of calcified arteries: preliminary phantom and clinical studies.

Rationale and Objectives The technique of subtraction computed tomographic angiography (sCTA) has been proposed for the evaluation of atherosclerotic disease to address limitations in CTA in highly calcified arteries. However, sCTA has not gained acceptance in clinical practice, in part, due to image artifacts caused by patient motion that occur between the acquisition of the two component images. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of computational image co-registration to obtain sCTA. Materials and Methods The study was conducted using a semi-automated implementation of the mutual information (MI) registration algorithm. The results of sCTA were evaluated quantitatively in a phantom representing a calcified artery. Technical success of sCTA was evaluated in 14 calcified arterial segments in two patients. An observer study was carried out to determine interobserver agreement in the interpretation of sCTA. Qualitative observations were made between sCTA and CTA. Results Computation time for performing the co-registration for each 2-cm calcification is less than 1 second. The necessary user interaction required minimal expertise. Measurements of the degree of stenosis in the calcified artery phantom agreed to within 8 ± 4% of gold-standard measurements. Technical success was demonstrated in all calcifications. Strong interobserver agreement was obtained for the detection of hemodynamically significant stenoses (κ = 0.86). Several apparent pitfalls in the interpretation of CTA in calcified arteries were noted that could potentially be obviated by sCTA. Conclusions The study supports the use of a straight-forward implementation of the MI algorithm and provides preliminary evidence validating the use of sCTA in the setting of atherosclerotic disease of the lower extremities.
The Progress of the Score during a Baseball Game

Abstract Since a baseball game consists of a sequence of half-innings commencing in an identical manner, one is tempted to suppose that the progress of the score throughout a game would be well simulated by a sequence of random drawings from a single distribution of half-inning scores. On the other hand, the instincts of a baseball fan are offended at so simple a suggestion. The hypothesis is examined by detailed analysis of 782 professional games, and a supplementary analysis of a further 1000 games. It is shown that the scoring does vary significantly in the early innings, so that the same distribution cannot be used for each inning. But, with a few exceptions, total scores, establishments of leads, overcoming of leads, and duration of extra-inning games as observed in the actual games show good agreement with theoretical calculations based on random sampling of the half-inning scoring distributions observed.