cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dispersion characteristics of THz surface plasmons in nonlinear graphene-based parallel-plate waveguide with Kerr-type core dielectric

We theoretically model the dispersion characteristics of surface plasmons in a graphene-based parallel-plate waveguide geometry using nonlinear Kerr-type core (inter-plate) dielectric. The optical nonlinearity of graphene in the terahertz band under high light intensity is specifically included in the analysis. By solving Maxwell's equations and applying appropriate boundary conditions, we show that the waveguide supports four guided plasmon modes, each of which can be categorized as either symmetric or anti-symmetric based on the electric field distribution in the structure. Of the four guided modes, two modes are similar in characteristics to the modes obtained in the structure with linear graphene coating, while the two new modes have distinct characteristics as a result of the nonlinearity of graphene. We note that the group velocity of one of the plasmon modes acquires a negative value under high light intensity. Additionally, the optical nonlinearity of the core dielectric leads to a significant enhancement in the localization length of various plasmon modes. The description of the intra-band optical conductivity of graphene incorporates effects of carrier scatterings due to charged impurities, resonant scatterers, and acoustic phonons at 300 K. The proposed structure offers flexibility to tune the waveguide characteristics and the mode index by changing light intensity and electrochemical potential in graphene for reconfigurable plasmonic devices.
Characterization of a Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg Outbreak Strain in Commercial Turkeys: Colonization, Transmission, and Host Transcriptional Response.

In recent years, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg has been associated with numerous human foodborne illness outbreaks due to consumption of poultry. For example, in 2011, an MDR S. Heidelberg outbreak associated with ground turkey sickened 136 individuals and resulted in 1 death. In response to this outbreak, 36 million pounds of ground turkey were recalled, one of the largest meat recalls in U.S. history. To investigate colonization of turkeys with an MDR S. Heidelberg strain isolated from the ground turkey outbreak, two turkey trials were performed. In experiment 1, 3-week old turkeys were inoculated with 108 or 1010 CFU of the MDR S. Heidelberg isolate, and fecal shedding and tissue colonization were detected following colonization for up to 14-days. Turkey gene expression in response to S. Heidelberg exposure revealed 18 genes that were differentially expressed at 2 days following inoculation compared to pre-inoculation. In a second trial, 1-day old poults were inoculated with 104 CFU of MDR S. Heidelberg to monitor transmission of Salmonella from inoculated poults (index group) to naive penmates (sentinel group). The transmission of MDR S. Heidelberg from index to sentinel poults was efficient with cecum colonization increasing 2 Log10 CFU above the inoculum dose at 9 days post-inoculation. This differed from the 3-week old poults inoculated with 1010 CFU of MDR S. Heidelberg in experiment 1 as Salmonella fecal shedding and tissue colonization decreased over the 14 day period compared to the inoculum dose. These data suggest that young poults are susceptible to colonization by MDR S. Heidelberg, and interventions must target turkeys when they are most vulnerable to prevent Salmonella colonization and transmission in the flock. Together, the data support the growing body of literature indicating that Salmonella establishes a commensal-like condition in livestock and poultry, contributing to the asymptomatic carrier status of the human foodborne pathogen in our animal food supply.
School closure is currently the main strategy to mitigate influenza A(H1N1)v: a modeling study.

Concerns about an imminent influenza pandemic have been intensified after the emergence of the new influenza A(H1N1)v strain. Mathematical modeling was employed on recent epidemiological data from Mexico in order to assess the impact of intervention strategies on the spread of influenza A(H1N1)v in the setting of the European region. When initiating the intervention of 100% school closure in a community of 2,000 people at a threshold of 1% cumulative attack rate, the total number of symptomatic cases is predicted to decrease by 89.3%, as compared to the non-intervention scenario. When this measure is coupled with treatment and home isolation of symptomatic cases as well as a 50% reduction of social contacts, a 94.8% decline in the cumulative attack rate is predicted along with a much shorter duration of influenza A(H1N1)v transmission. Active surveillance that will ensure timely treatment and home isolation of symptomatic cases in combination with school closure seem to form an efficient strategy to control the spread of influenza A(H1N1)v.
Reversible Macular Lesions in the Setting of Oral Pan-Fibroblast Growth Factor Inhibitor for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer:

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor, JNJ-42756493, is an oral pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor being studied as an antineoplastic agent. It is currently the subject of a phase II clinical ...
Hydroxycholoroquine-induced hyperpigmentation

A 57-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren syndrome presented with blue-grey hyperpigmentation of the face, upper back, and dorsal aspects of the feet after seven years of therapy with hydroxychloroquine. We present an unusual case of drug-induced hyperpigmentation.
Solution Deposition of Yba2Cu3O7−δ Coated Conductors

Solution deposition of coated conductors shows potential to be the lowest cost process toward workable coated conductors, but is confronted with several issues. Among these are the need for demonstration of high J c in multimicron thicknesses, and the need for scale-up of the crystallization anneal. While a value of 91 A/cm width has been obtained from a 6 layer, 0.7 MA/cm2, 1.3 μm diol-derived YBCO film, a method for fabricating yet thicker films of higher J c is certainly desired. It is hoped the delayed water introduction method, and improvements in crystallization kinetics will play a role in this development. Of key concern is development of a process to enable YBCO crystallization of layers greater than 0.3 μm without significant a-axis content; this remains an issue for both solution deposited and evaporated BaF2 process films. An additional area of concern is the scale-up of the crystallization anneal, and ability of the anneal to remove reaction products uniformly from the film. It is hoped that the parallel studies of evaporated BaF2 process film crystallization and scale-up will prove applicable to solution deposition due to the similarity of crystallization mechanisms in these ex situ processes.
Remodeling of Cardiac Myocytes in Chronic Heart Disease

Congestive heart failure is generally characterized by a dilated, relatively thin-walled ventricle. Isolated myocyte data obtained from failing explanted human hearts with and without ischemic disease indicate that alterations in cell shape may be largely, if not exclusively, responsible for this anatomical change. Specifically, myocyte length and length: width ratio are significantly increased. The increase in myocyte length: width ratio, the cellular analogue of chamber diameter: wall thickness, is clearly maladaptive, since this parameter is normally maintained within a very narrow range. Though cell lengthening appears to be the cause of chamber dilation, stunted or arrested growth of the myocyte transverse area may be the underlying cellular defect. Data from humans and animal experiments suggest that transverse growth may be arrested at a relatively normal level in nonhypertensives with heart failure. In hypertensives, the maladaptive increase in myocyte length may begin after transverse growth reaches an upper limit of approximately 350–400 μm2. Understanding the molecular basis of maladaptive myocyte growth may lead to newer and more effective therapies in the treatment and prevention of heart failure.
Improved hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) outcomes in a public hospital setting with increased access to procedural-based therapy.

e18137Background: HCC is the 2nd most common cause of cancer death in the world. We investigate if increased access to various treatment modalities improved outcomes in a public hospital setting. A...
Retinoid metabolism and functions mediated by retinoid binding-proteins

Cellular retinoid-binding proteins (BP) chaperone retinol through esterification, conversion of retinol into retinal, reduction of retinal, conversion of retinal into all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), and ATRA to catabolism. They also deliver ATRA to nuclear receptors and mediate non-genomic ATRA actions. These retinoid-specific binding-proteins include: cellular retinol binding-protein, type 1 (Crbp1), cellular retinol binding-protein type 2 (Crbp2), cellular retinol binding-protein type 3 (Crbp3), cellular retinoic acid binding-protein type 1 (Crabp1); cellular retinoic acid binding-protein type 2 (Crabp2). Retinoid BP bind their ligands specifically and with high-affinity. These BP seemingly evolved to solubilize the lipophilic retinoids in the aqueous cellular medium, and allow retinoid access only to enzymes that recognize both the BP and the retinoid. By chaperoning retinoids through cells, retinoid BP provide specificity to retinoids' metabolism and protect the scarce resource from dispersing into cell membranes and/or undergoing catabolism as xenobiotics. Other functions include non-genomic actions of Crabp1, delivery of ATRA to RAR by holo-Crabp2, and stabilization of HuR by apo-Crabp2. In addition to the retinoid-specific BP, Fabp5 also binds ATRA and delivers it to Pparδ. This article describes these BP and their functions, with a focus on experimental protocols to distinguish protein-protein interactions from diffusion-mediated transfer of ligand from BP to enzymes or receptors, and methods for quantifying retinoids.
GPRPy: Open-source ground-penetrating radar processing and visualization software

Abstract GPRPy is an open-source ground-penetrating radar software compatible with a range of ground-penetrating radar systems. Data processing and plotting can be performed by using graphical user...
Clinical application of the method of body surface measurement of ” midpoint be-tween tip of nose, earlobe, xiphoid process and umbilical cord” in the placement of nasogastric tube in children aged 1 month to 7 years

Objective To investigate the clinical application of the method of body surface measurement of" midpoint between tip of nose, earlobe, xiphoid process and umbilical cord" in the placement of nasogastric tube in children aged 1 month to 7 years. Methods Children aged 1 month to 7 years who were hospitalized with PICU from May 2016 to July 2017 were selected.Randomly divided into the control group (29 cases) and the observation group (32 cases). Patients in the control group were measured on the body surface of " the nasal tip, earlobe and xiphoid process" , while those in the observation group were measured on the body surface of the " midpoint of the line between nasal tip, earlobe, xiphoid process and umbilical cord" . The success rate of the top of the gastric tube entering the stomach through the cardia, the side hole of the gastric tube entering the stomach, and the top of the gastric tube reaching the effective position in the stomach were compared between the two groups. Results In the observation group, the top of the gastric tube entered the stomach through the cardia, the side holes of the gastric tube all entered the stomach, and the success rate of the top of the gastric tube reaching the effective position in the stomach was higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The method of body surface measurement at " the midpoint of the line between tip-earlobe-xiphoid process and umbilical cord" is superior to that of " tip-earlobe-xiphoid process" . The length of the nasogastric tube can reach the designated position more accurately, which is more safe and effective for clinical feeding through the nasogastric tube and gastric lavage or gastrointestinal pressure reduction. Key words: Children; Intubation; The stomach and intestine; X-ray
Opportunities for Case-Based Reasoning in Personal Flow and Productivity Management

Knowledge workers can benefit from tools to support them in performing deep, concentrated work. Research in biofeedback has shown success in training relaxation, but not in directly influencing task performance. One reason for this may be the difficulties users have in contextualizing biofeedback signals for different task situations. This presents an opportunity to leverage the strengths of case-based reasoning to select the feedback mechanism that will produce the best response. This paper describes initial research into the Adaptive Choice Case-Based Reasoning (ACCBR) system, that learns from and interacts with a user to assist them in achieving greater concentration and productivity.
Classification of lower extremity venous malformations and risk of knee involvement: A retrospective cohort study

Background Venous malformation (VM) is the most common vascular anomaly in the lower extremity. VMs can be classified as focal, multifocal, or diffuse types. Intraarticular VM (IA-VM) of the knee portends morbidity. Association of the lower extremity VM type with IA-VM is not well defined. Objective To classify a large cohort of lower extremity, nonsyndromic VMs by type and determine associations with IA-VM. Methods Retrospective cohort study. Results We assessed 156 patients with nonsyndromic, lower extremity VM; 71 (46%) were focal and 85 (54%) were diffuse type VM, and 97 (62%) were IA-VM. Of diffuse VMs, 26 (31%) were Bockenheimer and 59 (69%) were localized subtypes. Pure VM had a significantly elevated risk of IA-VM (relative risk [RR], 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-3.89). IA-VM was more common in diffuse (73%) versus focal (49%) types. Risk of IA-VM in diffuse type VM was significantly elevated (RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.13-1.94). One hundred percent of diffuse Bockenheimer type VM had IA-VM, and this subtype had the highest risk (RR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.56-2.14) of IA-VM. Limitations Retrospective, single-institution study. Conclusions Intraarticular involvement of the knee should be considered in all lower extremity VMs. Pure VM and the Bockenheimer diffuse VM subtype had the highest risk of IA-VM.
DeResolver: a decentralized negotiation and conflict resolution framework for smart city services

As various smart services are increasingly deployed in modern cities, many unexpected conflicts arise due to various physical world couplings. Existing solutions for conflict resolution often rely on centralized control to enforce predetermined and fixed priorities of different services, which is challenging due to the inconsistent and private objectives of the services. Also, the centralized solutions miss opportunities to more effectively resolve conflicts according to their spatiotemporal locality of the conflicts. To address this issue, we design a decentralized negotiation and conflict resolution framework named DeResolver, which allows services to resolve conflicts by communicating and negotiating with each other to reach a Pareto-optimal agreement autonomously and efficiently. Our design features a two-level semi-supervised learning-based algorithm to predict acceptable proposals and their rankings of each opponent through the negotiation. Our design is evaluated with a smart city case study of three services: intelligent traffic light control, pedestrian service, and environmental control. In this case study, a data-driven evaluation is conducted using a large data set consisting of the GPS locations of 246 surveillance cameras and an automatic traffic monitoring system with more than 3 million records per day to extract real-world vehicle routes. The evaluation results show that our solution achieves much more balanced results, i.e., only increasing the average waiting time of vehicles, the measurement metric of intelligent traffic light control service, by 6.8% while reducing the weighted sum of air pollutant emission, measured for environment control service, by 12.1%, and the pedestrian waiting time, the measurement metric of pedestrian service, by 33.1%, compared to priority-based solution.
The use of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of hangover: a randomized trial.

Hangovers resulting from alcohol intoxication can lead to adverse effects ranging from generalized discomfort and work-related absenteeism to emergency department visits from patients seeking symptomatic care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a low dose (600–1800 mg) of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) vs placebo on mitigating hangover symptoms. This was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled crossover study involving 49 volunteers who consumed beer to obtain a breath alcohol content (BrAC) of 0.1 g/210L. The participants met on two separate occasions at which time they were given either NAC or placebo capsules. Opposing treatments were administered during the second encounter. The morning after the participant’s intoxication and treatment, a Hangover Symptom Scale Questionnaire was administered to determine subjective changes in hangover symptoms. Data was analyzed by self-control, comparing the participant’s hangover symptom severity when using NAC compared to placebo. No significant difference was found in the general distribution of total hangover scores (P = .45) (NAC = 10; Placebo = 13). There was also no significant difference found in the general distribution of specific hangover symptoms. However, a significant difference was found in the general distribution of total hangover difference scores based on gender (P = .04) (Female − 3.5; Male 2), specifically for nausea (P = .05) and weakness (P = .03). Although no difference was found in the general hangover scale scores, the study was suggestive of gender specific susceptibility with female participants having improved hangover symptoms after NAC use.
A randomized pilot study of Rhythms And You (RAY): An internet-based program for bipolar disorder administered with and without clinical helper support in primary care.

Abstract Background Rhythms And You (RAY) is an online intervention for bipolar disorders (BD) based on Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy. We examined RAY's feasibility and acceptability for individuals with BD recruited from primary care. Because online interventions may be more effective when paired with human support, we evaluated RAY with and without weekly brief (∼5 min) calls from clinical helpers (CH). Methods Participants (n = 47) meeting criteria for BD I, II or other specified BD, presenting for primary care, were randomly assigned to RAY, RAY-CH, or Adjunctive Reading Material (ARM) control. RAY consisted of 12 weekly online modules. ARM consisted of 12 weekly emails. Participants were assessed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Results RAY showed high completion rates and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire scores (36/47, 77% and 25.1 ± 5.5, respectively; no group differences). Effect sizes for RAY- CH ranged from small [Internal State Scale-Activation Subscale (ISS-ACT); d = 0.3] to large [SF-12 Mental Health Composite Score (SF-12 MHC); d = 1.3]. ARM also showed moderate effects (ISS-ACT d = 0.7; Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms, d = 0.8). SF-12 MHC scores showed a time*group interaction (F = 2.38, df = 6,32, p = 0.05) favoring RAY-CH. Number of logins trended toward significant association with improved social rhythm regularity (F = 4.09, df = 1, 17, p = 0.06). Limitations Sample size is small, limiting conclusions that can be drawn. Conclusions Remote delivery of RAY for individuals with BD is feasible and acceptable. More time spent engaged in RAY was associated with greater improvement in social rhythm regularity. Preliminary evidence suggests adding brief human support to RAY may yield better outcomes.
THE IMPACT OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS (AIS) DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE ON ITS EFFECTIVENESS AND CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS

The objective of this research is to investigate the impact of information accounting system development lifecycle on its effectiveness and critical success factors. Balanced scorecard was used to evaluate the accounting information system effectiveness. The card included all the necessary requirements for the accounting information system. The dimensions included tangibility, reliability, responsiveness and empathy. The results indicated that the accounting information system should be based on satisfaction and usage measures as supportive for decision making.
Eosinophilic esophagitis associated with celiac disease in children

Celiac disease (CD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) are distinct diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with specific clinico-pathological characteristics. Recent studies have found higher rates of EoE in patients with CD than in the general population. Our aim was to estimate the incidence of EoE among children who were diagnosed with CD over a 42-month period. The study included patients diagnosed with CD based on endoscopy and histopathological findings between January 2010 and June 2013. Histopathology reports of esophageal biopsies were reviewed to identify all cases of EoE. The patients’ presenting symptoms, laboratory evaluations, endoscopic and histopathological findings, treatments, and follow-ups were analysed. Fifty-six patients with CD were identified, of whom six (10.7%) were diagnosed with both CD and EoE. Four of these patients presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea, two presented with failure to thrive, and three presented with food allergies. Endoscopic and histopathological changes typical of EoE were observed in all six patients. During follow-up, two patients showed significant improvement with the gluten-free diet and a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI). Two patients improved with the elimination diet and two patients were treated with topical corticosteroid therapy. Endoscopic appearance was normal in all children on follow-up endoscopy after treatment. Biopsy samples also showed resolution of the histologic features of EoE in all of the children. The incidence of EoE in our cohort of children with CD was 10.7%, which is higher than what has been reported for the general population. In all children undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for suspected CD, coexistence of EoE should be considered.
Direct Measurement of the Binding of Labeled Sugars to the Lactose Permease M Protein

Abstract Previous studies of the interaction of sugars with the membrane protein (M protein) component of the lactose permease system have employed an indirect procedure based on the protection of a reactive cysteine in the M protein against attack by labeled N-ethylmaleimide when certain sugars are bound. A method has now been devised for measuring the binding of labeled sugars to M protein directly, avoiding the use of N-ethylmaleimide. The particulate, membrane-containing fraction is equilibrated with 50 µm β-[3H]galactosyl-1-thio-d-β-galactoside (thiodigalactoside), in phosphate buffer containing 32P equal to the total count of 3H. The membrane fragments are then sedimented by high speed centrifugation, and, after careful removal of the supernatant (but without washing), the pellet is resuspended in a detergent solution and counted. The absorption of thiodigalactoside to the membrane fragments is revealed by an increment in the ratio of 3H to 32P. Control experiments show that 32P equilibrates with at least 95% of the total aqueous compartment of the pellet. The increment in the ratio of 3H: 32P is, therefore, not the result of the preferential filling of cell-free vesicles by the radioactive sugar. This binding reaction is not affected by energy poisons such as azide. Membranes from cells that have not been induced for the lac system and thus contain no M protein have no specific binding sites for thiodigalactoside as defined by this assay. The specific binding of thiodigalactoside involves a limited number of saturable binding sites. The value for half-saturation with thiodigalactoside is about 67 µm, in excellent agreement with previous studies of the affinity of the M protein for thiodigalactoside obtained with the indirect N-ethylmaleimide procedure. The site for binding thiodigalactoside (Site II) has also been found to have a surprising affinity for certain α-galactosides, such as p-nitrophenyl-α-galactoside, for which the Kd is about 7 µm. Other properties of the system are described. A procedure is described for the preparation and purification of tritiated thiodigalactoside.
Synthesis and applications of functionalized nanoporous materials for specific adsorption

Abstract Surface chemistry is one of the most important properties of mesoporous materials for many applications. There are several approaches to functionalize mesoporous materials in order to tailor the surface chemistry: one step synthesis by co-condensation, direct silanation of partially hydroxylated surface, controlled hydrolysis and condensation, and silanation using supercritical fluid as the reaction medium. Varying the amount chemically and physically adsorbed water can systematically tailor the quality and the population density of functional groups. Furthermore, using supercritical fluid as the reaction medium, organic molecules can be effectively delivered and attached to the internal surfaces of pores less than 1 nm in diameter. The ability to construct high quality functional monolayers allows rational design of molecular recognition and binding sites in mesoporous materials, and has led to the development of very efficient adsorbing materials. One approach to form a host structure that matches the size and shape of the target species is to take advantage of the coordinate chemistry between the functional molecules and metal ions. Highly selective bindings of the target species have been observed against competing species of similar sizes and shapes. More sophisticated surface sites can be constructed for the recognition of complicated molecules and species using large pore mesoporous materials.
Absorptive defects in young people with regional enteritis.

Eleven patients with Crohn9s disease between 8 and 21 years of age were evaluated to document the incidence and severity of correctable nutritional deficiencies in young people with this disorder. Studies included common hematological and electrolyte determinations, complete gastrointestinal barium studies, assessment of d-xylose, vitamin B12 and fat absorption, and quantification of intestinal protein loss. A variety of abnormalities was found. Subnormal weight, diffuse disease radiologically, anemia, low serum iron, and excessive protein loss occurred in eight patients. Vitamin B12 malabsorption and hypoproteinemia occurred in six, and steatorrhea and hypocalcemia were detected less often. The frequent occurrence of these abnormalities warrants careful monitoring of children with Crohn9s disease for absorptive defects which are amenable to corrective or palliative treatment.
Introduction: are natural anticoagulants candidates for modulating the inflammatory response to endotoxin?

Recent studies have focused on the potential role of natural anticoagulants in modulating host responses to endotoxin. The natural anticoagulants that have drawn the greatest attention are antithrombin, protein C, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). Interest in this area is spurred by
A Sulfur Cathode with Pomegranate-Like Cluster Structure

Dr. W. Li, Z. Liang, Dr. Z. Lu, Dr. H. Yao, Z. W. Seh, Dr. K. Yan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford , CA 94305 , USA E-mail: yicui@stanford.edu Dr. G. Zheng Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford , CA 94305 , USA Dr. Y. Cui Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park , CA 94025 , USA
Speech Recognition with Weighted Finite-State Transducers

This chapter describes a general representation and algorithmic framework for speech recognition based on weighted finite-state transducers. These transducers provide a common and natural representation for major components of speech recognition systems, including hidden Markov models (HMMs), context-dependency models, pronunciation dictionaries, statistical grammars, and word or phone lattices. General algorithms for building and optimizing transducer models are presented, including composition for combining models, weighted determinization and minimization for optimizing time and space requirements, and a weight pushing algorithm for redistributing transition weights optimally for speech recognition. The application of these methods to large-vocabulary recognition tasks is explained in detail, and experimental results are given, in particular for the North American Business News (NAB) task, in which these methods were used to combine HMMs, full cross-word triphones, a lexicon of 40000 words, and a large trigram grammar into a single weighted transducer that is only somewhat larger than the trigram word grammar and that runs NAB in real time on a very simple decoder. Another example demonstrates that the same methods can be used to optimize lattices for second-pass recognition.
Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Intercalation Compounds

Intercalation compounds are formed by reversible topotactic electron transfer reactions leading to the accommodation of guest species (atoms or molecules) into the van der Waals gaps of inorganic host matrices (1).
Multi-task seizure detection: addressing intra-patient variation in seizure morphologies

The accurate and early detection of epileptic seizures in continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) data has a growing role in the management of patients with epilepsy. Early detection allows for therapy to be delivered at the start of seizures and for caregivers to be notified promptly about potentially debilitating events. The challenge to detecting epileptic seizures, however, is that seizure morphologies exhibit considerable inter-patient and intra-patient variability. While recent work has looked at addressing the issue of variations across different patients (inter-patient variability) and described patient-specific methodologies for seizure detection, there are no examples of systems that can simultaneously address the challenges of inter-patient and intra-patient variations in seizure morphology. In our study, we address this complete goal and describe a multi-task learning approach that trains a classifier to perform well across many kinds of seizures rather than potentially overfitting to the most common seizure types. Our approach increases the generalizability of seizure detection systems and improves the tradeoff between latency and sensitivity versus false positive rates. When compared against the standard approach on the CHB---MIT multi-channel scalp EEG data, our proposed method improved discrimination between seizure and non-seizure EEG for almost 83 % of the patients while reducing false positives on nearly 70 % of the patients studied.
An empirical study of impact of crossover operators on the performance of non-binary genetic algorithm based neural approaches for classification

We study the performance of genetic algorithm (GA) based artificial neural network (ANN) for different crossover operators. We use simulated and real life data to test the performance of GA-based ANN. Our results indicate that arithmetic crossover operator may be a suitable crossover operator for GA based ANN.
Public Attitudes toward Science: I. Attitudes of Secondary School Female Students

(1954). Public Attitudes toward Science: I. Attitudes of Secondary School Female Students. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 211-218.
Latency-Information Theory and Applications, Part III. On the Discovery of the Space Dual of the Laws of Motion in Physics

In this third of a multi-paper series the discovery of a space dual for the laws of motion is reported and named the laws of retention . This space-time duality in physics is found to inherently surface from a latency-information theory ( LIT) that is treated in the first two papers of this multi-paper series. A motion-coder and a retention-coder are fundamental elements of a LIT's recognition-communication system. While a LIT's motion-coder addresses motion-time issues of knowledge motion, a LIT's retention-coder addresses retention-space issues of knowledge retention. For the design of a motion-coder, such as a modulation-antenna system, the laws of motion in physics are used while for the design of a retention-coder, such as a write/read memory, the newly advanced laws of retention can be used. Furthermore, while the laws of motion reflect a configuration of space certainty , the laws of retention reflect a passing of time uncertainty . Since the retention duals of motion concepts are too many to cover in a single publication, the discussion will be centered on the retention duals for Newton's Principia and the gravitational law, Coulomb's electrical law, Maxwell's equations, Einstein's relativity theory, quantum mechanics, and the uncertainty principle. Furthermore the retention duals will be illustrated with an uncharged and non-rotating black hole (UNBH) . A UNBH is the retention dual of a vacuum since the UNBH and vacuum offer, from a theoretical perspective, the least resistance to knowledge retention and motion, respectively. Using this space-time duality insight it will be shown that the speed of light in a vacuum of c M =2.9979 x 10 8 meters/sec has a retention dual, herein called the pace of dark in a UNBH of c R =6.1123 x 10 63 secs/m 3 where 'pace' refers to the expected retention-time per retention-space for the 'dark' knowledge residing in a black hole.
The bacon chow study: Analyses of the effects of infectious illness on growth of infants

Abstract The effect of infectious illnesses on growth velocity and deceleration for weight and length in the first year of life was analyzed in a longitudinal sample of 118 infants. Data were taken from the Bacon Chow Maternal Nutritional Supplementation Study performed in Suilin Township, Taiwan, from 1967 to 1973. Semestral growth velocity and change in velocity were regressed on principal components scores for morbidity with analysis of covariance adjustment for differences due to nutritional treatment, treatment timing (lactation only vs. gestation and lactation) and sex. The duration of upper respiratory illness was significantly positively associated with the rate of weight gain in the first semester, and explained nearly four percent of variance in growth velocity in the cohort. The frequency of diarrhea was significantly negatively correlated with rate of growth in length in the second semester, and explained approximately three percent of the variance. Maternal supplementation in pregnancy and lactation did not affect the relationship between growth and illness. Significant sex differences exist in the rate of weight gain and morbidity.
Reduction of Drying Time for Pepperoni by Vacuum-drying

Commercial pepperoni was dried under vacuum (100 kPa) at three temperatures (177°, 19°, and 22°C) and matching controls were dried under commercial conditions. Vacuum-dried pepperoni achieved a moisture: protein (M:P) ratio of 1.6:1 after 9 to 12 days drying, compared to 18 days for the control. Overall drying time was reduced ∼30%. Among temperature treatments, 17°C treatment had more weight loss and darker color (P < 0.05) than others. Weight loss and Kramer shear force were higher (P < 0.05) for vacuum-dried pepperoni, whereas Hunter a and b values tended to be higher for the control throughout the drying period.
Keeping Students Engaged During Simulated Clinical Experiences

Abstract Our NCSBN study team designed the simulated experience with a variety of topics and techniques to enhance student engagement. Structuring the simulation day to be physically, emotionally, and intellectually stimulating is a foundation for engagement.
Thermo-elastic buckling of layered shell segments

Abstract The buckling behavior of multilayer shells is studied for composite structures subjected to combinations of uniform temperature change, applied external pressure, and applied and reactive circumferential edge loads. A stability criterion is established for the class of structures of interest and a transverse loading parameter is identified. Critical parameters are identified, and closed form analytical solutions are obtained for the associated non-linear problems. Numerical simulations, based on these solutions, are performed and the stability criterion is applied, revealing characteristic behavior of the structures of interest. Such behavior includes “sling-shot” buckling, whereby the structure slings from deflections in one direction to deflections in the opposite sense, in an unstable manner, at critical temperatures. The influence of external pressure on the critical temperature change of thermally loaded composite structures is elucidated, as is the influence of temperature change on the buckling behavior of pressure loaded multilayer shells.
Enhanced intake of ethanol in preweanling rats following interactions with intoxicated siblings.

Recently Hunt, Holloway, & Scordalakes (1999) described a novel procedure for examining how social interactions with an intoxicated sibling can enhance periadolescent rats' voluntary intake of ethanol. In the present series of experiments we extend these findings to preweanlings. In Experiment 1, same-sex sibling 16-day-olds were assigned to be either (a) a demonstrator that was administered 1.5 g/kg ethanol or water control or (b) an observer that was tested for ethanol intake following a brief interaction with the demonstrator. Observers interacting with EtOH demonstrators exhibited increased intake of ethanol relative to observers interacting with water demonstrators. In Experiment 2, subjects were 8, 12, or 16 days of age and at all ages, ethanol intakes increased following exposure to an intoxicated sibling. In Experiment 3, repeated exposures to ethanol demonstrators on days 12, 14, and 16 was found to promote ethanol intake after weaning (on postnatal day 22). Collectively these data indicate that exposure to ethanol cues in the context of home/social cues can lead to modifications in ethanol acceptance, and that repeated exposures to such cues during infancy can impact ethanol ingestion after weaning.
Parent-youth discordance about youth-witnessed violence: Associations with trauma symptoms and service use in an at-risk sample

Abstract Objective Studies have consistently demonstrated a lack of agreement between youth and parent reports regarding youth-witnessed violence. However, little is known about whether disagreement is associated with poorer outcomes and less utilization of mental health services. The purpose of the current study was to examine disagreement among youth and parents about youth witnessed violence, and determine whether concordance predicted trauma symptoms and recognition of need and receipt of counseling services. Methods Concordance about youth-witnessed violence was examined in 766 dyads from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). Youth participants self-reported trauma symptoms, caregivers indicated youth need for and receipt of services. Both youth and parents provided information about youth-witnessed violence exposure in the last year. Results Results showed youth and caregivers differed significantly about youth-witnessed violence. Specifically, 42% of youth reported youth-witnessed violence, compared to only 15% of parents. For those parents who reported youth-witnessed violence, only 29% reported an identified need for services and only 17% reported the youth had received any mental health services. Concordance between parent–youth dyads was associated with greater identified need for services but was not associated with the use of counseling services or trauma symptoms. Conclusions Youth who reported witnessing violence reported more frequent trauma symptoms regardless of concordance. Parents from dyads in which both informants reported youth-witnessed violence were more likely to endorse need for, but not receipt of counseling services. Given this association between youth-witnessed violence and mental health problems, more work is needed to identify barriers to concordance as well as service utilization.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Management of Intrauterine Arrhythmias1

The antenatal diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias can be a difficult proposition. This paper reports 234 cases of fetal cardiac arrhythmias. One hundred and ninety-four of these were isolated extrasystoles
Time-domain detection of a phase velocity

The objective of this paper is to present the fact that phase velocity of electromagnetic wave propagation is observable in time domain. Time domain observability of phase velocity in a rectangular waveguide was first reported by Giakos and Ishii in 1991. The validity of their observation was questioned and disputed. The questions were answered by the observers but more confirmation is desirable. This paper presents case history of time domain observed superluminal phase velocity of other authors in the past. The latest work of this author and his colleagues to confirm his earlier observation is also presented. The earliest documented observation of superluminal phase velocity can be found in Snell's law (Snell 1621). According to published time domain data of pico-second electromagnetic pulse propagation of the following cases, superluminal speed propagation of the leading edge of the pulse was observed. In a dispersive transmission system, if observed, differential speed in frequency domain dv/df is negative, the detector is responding to the phase velocity. If dv/df is positive, the detector is responding to the group velocity. This paper presents cases of dv/df negative.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Sustainability in global financial reporting and innovation in institutions

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to document the author's keynote address in Accounting at the 16th Annual Conference on Pacific Basin Finance, Economics, Accounting and Management “Innovation for a Sustainable Future: Visions for 2020”, July 3‐4, 2008, Brisbane, Australia.Design/methodology/approach – In keeping with the theme of the Conference, the paper considers two areas – global accounting and financial reporting, and regulation and institutions.Findings – As business has become more global and financial markets have developed world‐wide, comparable accounting and financial information across countries and companies is a logical step to continue to support and advance business. With this shift, though, the world moves towards a monopoly in accounting standards and standard setting.Practical implications – The potential costs, problems, and possible solutions need to be considered. Current regulatory environments and institutions offer limited ability to effectively monitor such a monopoly. So inno...
Apigenin 7β-rutinoside, a new flavonoid from the leaves of Citrus paradisi

Abstract Apigenin 7β-rutinoside, an isomer of apigenin 7β-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin) has been isolated for the first time from mature leaves of Citrus paradisi . Its structure has been verified by spectral, chromatographic and hydrolytic analyses and by comparison with material synthesized from naringenin 7β-rutinoside. Both apigenin glycosidyl isomers have been biosynthesized in the leaves from 14 CO 2 .
Wrinkling of corrugated skin sandwich panels

Abstract Compression wrinkling of composite sandwich panels with corrugated skins was investigated numerically, analytically and experimentally. Semi-circular and sine-wave shaped corrugations were studied. The corrugations significantly increased wrinkling strength when compared with equal mass flat panels. Semi-circular corrugations proved to be highly preferable to sine-wave shaped corrugations due to localized buckling in the latter. Over 40 fiberglass and foam core sandwich specimens were manufactured with semi-circular skin corrugations. These specimens were tested to failure, providing confirmation of the numerical and analytical results.
The California energy crisis

Abstract When a basic commodity becomes unavailable for periods of time; when prices (wholesale prices) fluctuate on an interval that is several times greater than the average level, an average that increases by a factor of 10 or 20 over a few months; when some of the basic suppliers are on the verge of bankruptcy; then we say we are in a crisis. This is just some of what happened in the Californian electricity industry in the past two years. In this paper, I will discuss the main events in the energy crisis; the main reasons why things got to the point where they are; and some possible solutions.
The role of oligosaccharide in transport of egg yolk riboflavin-binding protein to the egg.

Abstract The carbohydrate portion of chicken egg yolk riboflavin-binding protein was examined to determine its role in the biological activity of the protein. Yolk RBP was found to contain 5–6 mannose, five galactose, 12 N -acetylglucosamine and four sialic acid residues. Specific modifications of the oligosaccharide moiety were performed which included removal of sialic acid by mild acid hydrolysis, oxidation of galactose oxidase, and removal of N -acetylglucosamine and galactose residues by a mixture of glycosidases from Aspergillus niger . All of the modified proteins retained the ability to bind riboflavin although their capacities were lower than that of native yolk RBP. Circular dichroism of the modified yolk RBP samples showed changes in the near ultraviolet, but molar ellipticities in the far ultraviolet displayed only minor variations indicating no gross structural changes. All samples cross-reacted with RBP-specific antiserum. The plasma half-life of 125 I-labeled yolk RBP was 62 min. Each of the modified samples was cleared more rapidly from the blood than native yolk RBP. Removal of sialic acid decreased the half-life of yolk RBP by 31%, while the other modifications decreased the half-life by as much as 60%. During a 10-day period following injection of 125 I-labeled yolk RBP, 5.9% of the labeled protein was recovered from egg yolk. Relative to native yolk RBP, the transport of asialo-yolk RBP was decreased by 82%. The other modifications resulted in even less transport to the egg, the lowest being glycosidase-treated asialo-yolk RBP which was decreased by over 99%. By comparison of samples with similar clearance times, a positive correlation was made between sialic acid and ovarian transport.
Theoretical mechanisms and kinetics of the hydrogen abstraction reaction of acetone by chlorine radical

Abstract Reaction mechanisms and kinetics of the hydrogen abstraction of acetone by chlorine radical are studied by theoretical calculations. Density functional theory and ab initio methods are used to explore the reaction pathways. The hydrogen abstraction is found to be highly favored over the addition pathway, and the latter is insignificant in atmospheric conditions. Classical transition state theory with Eckart tunneling corrections is employed to obtain rate constants of the reaction from 210 K to 360 K. The reaction is characterized by a small barrier, and rate constants approximated by the expression k ( T ) = 6.44 × 10 −12 e (−672/ T ) cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 , which is in reasonable agreement with experiment.