cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Talking Story with Hawaii's Youth: Confronting Violent and Sexualized Perceptions of Ethnicity and Gender

This study reports qualitative data collected between December 1997 and May 1998 regarding ethnic and gender identity among at-risk youth in Hawaii. The data were derived by conducting 13 focus group interview sessions with a diverse sample of adolescents (N = 58) at various youth centers. Findings suggest that identity development theories expand their frameworks beyond the notions of ethnicity and gender. Theoretical frameworks must also incorporate unique circumstances within differing communities, such as interethnic violence, sexual exploitation, immigration patterns, and class constraint.
Adoption satisfaction among African-American families adopting African-American children

Abstract This study explores the factors that contribute to adoption satisfaction among African-American families adopting African-American children. Based on a survey of 83 African-American adoptive families in California, this study examines whether variables found to be associated with adoption satisfaction in past studies also are associated with satisfaction within African-American families. The findings suggest that although some variables previously identified in the general adoption literature, such as child behavioral problems and parenting stress, do play a role in adoption satisfaction among African-Americans, other previously identified variables such as child age, gender, and child welfare history, do not play a significant role in influencing satisfaction among African-American adoptive families. The results also indicate that a previously unidentified attribute, the frequency with which a parent thinks of the child when away, is a statistically significant variable in explaining the level of satisfaction with the adoption.
Building with a scaffold: emerging strategies for high- to low-level cellular modeling

Computational cellular models are becoming crucial for the analysis of complex biological systems. An important new paradigm for cellular modeling involves building a comprehensive scaffold of molecular interactions and then mining this scaffold to reveal a hierarchy of signaling, regulatory and metabolic pathways. We review the important trends that make this approach feasible and describe how they are spurring the development of models at multiple levels of abstraction. Pathway maps can be extracted from the scaffold using "high-level" computational models, which identify the key components, interactions and influences required for more detailed "low-level" models. Large-scale experimental measurements validate high-level models, whereas targeted experimental manipulations and measurements test low-level models.
Preventing Neonaticide by Early Detection and Intervention in Student Pregnancy

Pregnant students are the population group most likely to commit neonaticide, murder of an infant younger than 24 hours old. Denial by the student, lack of early pregnancy detection, and poor social support contribute to this disorder. As the health care professionals with whom the student has the most contact, school nurses are in an excellent position to prevent neonaticide through provision of health education, early detection of pregnancy, and intervention with students and their families to assist them in making healthy choices.
Übergangsmetallkatalysierte C‐C‐Kupplungen mit Ethylen im Labormaßstab

Ethylen ist das (volumenbezogen) in groster Menge synthetisierte organische Molekul. Es lasst sich leicht in ubergangsmetallkatalysierte C-C-Kupplungsreaktionen einbinden, und zwar durch migratorische Insertion in Alkylmetall-Intermediate. Wegen der D2h-Symmetrie des Ethylens kann die Insertion nur einen einzigen Verlauf nehmen, was die Nebenproduktbildung limitiert und die Produktanalyse auserordentlich vereinfacht. Wie in diesem Kurzaufsatz beschrieben wird, wird bei vielen C-C-Kupplungen das Ethylenmolekul (oder mehrere) bei Umgebungsdruck und -temperatur eingefugt. Auch sind viele Reaktionen bekannt, bei denen ein in geeigneter Weise substituiertes Alken in das Produkt eingefuhrt wird.
Nonvolatile Two-Terminal Molecular Memory

We propose a nonvolatile two-terminal memory with two resistance states based on the molecular tunnel junctions. This tunnel junction is composed of one or few monolayers of polar molecules sandwiched between two electrodes made of materials with different screening length. As a prototype model system we study rare earth endohedral metallofullerene molecule with reversible dipole moment sandwiched by metal and semiconducting electrodes forming a double barrier junction. We use the Thomas-Fermi model to calculate the potential profile across the device. Calculated tunneling conductance through the proposed structure changes by order of magnitude upon the reversal of the dipole orientation (due to the applied voltage). This effect originates from the difference of potential profile seen by tunneling electrons for two opposite dipole orientations.
A New Thermal Volt-Ampere Demand Meter

VOLT-AMPERE demand measurement has been a subject of discussion and interest for many years, and many different schemes have been proposed for measuring it, or approximations to it. This article discusses the technical principles and performance of a thermal volt-ampere demand meter and does not consider the problems of rate structures and their relation to units of demand measurement.
MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF A NEWLY-DEVELOPED SEED-COTTON DRYER

Abstract The basic analitical method for so-called expression operation, the separation of liquid from solid-liquid systems by compression, are presented in view of the flow through compressible porous media. It has become evident that the expression mechanism consists of two flow phenomena. These types of phenomena can be analyzed by consideration of the flow mechanism through compressible porous beds, first by the filtration theory and second by the so-called consolidation theory. A simplified equation is also presented. It is shown that the simplified equation is well applicable to industrial expression problems even when the creep effects of matarials to be expressed are appreciable
CUL4B: Trash Talking at Chromatin

In this issue, Nakagawa and Xiong (2011) reveal a mechanism targeting WDR5 for proteolysis dependent on the X-linked mental retardation gene, CUL4B. This provides a link between the stability of a chromatin factor and gene expression implicated in neurological pathogenesis.
Growth of the number of spanning trees of the Erdős–Rényi giant component

The number of spanning trees in the giant component of the random graph (n, c/n) (c > 1) grows like exp{m(f(c)+o(1))} as n → ∞, where m is the number of vertices in the giant component. The function f is not known explicitly, but we show that it is strictly increasing and infinitely differentiable. Moreover, we give an explicit lower bound on f2(c). A key lemma is the following. Let PGW (λ) denote a GaltonWatson tree having Poisson offspring distribution with parameter λ. Suppose that λ*>λ>1. We show that PGW(λ*) conditioned to survive forever stochastically dominates PGW(λ) conditioned to survive forever.
Experimental particle tracking

The nonlinear dynamics of transverse particle oscillations are being studied experimentally with several large synchrotrons. In the FNAL Tevatron and the CERN SpS, sextupole magnets are used as the sources of nonlinear forces. Studies are also being performed in the FNAL Main Ring at its injection energy, an inherently nonlinear environment. For the Tevatron studies, agreement between simulation and experiment for phase-space distortion and amplitude dependence of tune is in general good. Trapping of particles in resonance islands is observed, and island properties studied. Measurements of dynamic aperture at both the Tevatron and the SpS reveal smaller apertures than those expected from short-term tracking. Longer tracking runs, with the inclusion of synchrotron oscillations and closed-orbit errors, are necessary to achieve qualitative agreement. Though the nonlinear environment of the Main Ring is not subject to control, the results of these experiments have significant features in common with the other two experiments.
Developing a green infrastructure equity index to promote equity planning

The Philadelphia Water Department has committed to taking a green infrastructure (GI) approach to reduce stormwater runoff and prevent combined sewer overflow events. Promoting GI as a stormwater management technique in a city necessitates development of a more distributed urban environmental management system, through which the city's water department needs to coordinate with a wide range of public and private stakeholders, shifting power from the utility to these other stakeholders. We argue that distributed urban environmental management can lead to more inclusive outcomes but only if there is an intentionality about how funds are distributed, which communities are prioritized, how partners are chosen and cultivated, and which types of projects are implemented in which neighborhoods. We suggest the development of an equity index to help identify communities that would most benefit from GI investment as critical for equitable GI planning. Using Philadelphia as a test case, we develop a Green Infrastructure Equity Index, designed with the indirect benefits of green infrastructure in mind, to determine which communities could benefit the most from investment in GI based on their “equity void ranking”. We argue that developing a GI Equity Index provides a much more nuanced analysis of communities that takes into account the built environment as well as the underlying social and economic conditions. The GI Equity Index also allows for a shift in the way we define equity. In doing so, it (1) changes the conversation about equity in GI planning using careful data analysis that takes into account both socio-economic and built environment variables; (2) provides a visual tool that communities can use to understand underlying conditions and the existing placement of GI; and (3) serves as a framework that can be tailored to allow communities to weight their priorities, putting more power in their hands.
A Study of the Accuracy, Global Performance, and Computational Expenses of k–ε, k–ω, and RSM Turbulent Models for Flow in an Industrial Static Mixer

Viscous liquids have to be homogenized in continuous operations in many branches of processing industries; and therefore, fluid mixing plays a critical role in the success or failure of many industrial processes. The use of static mixers has been utilized over a wide range of applications such as continuous mixing, blending, heat and mass transfer processes, chemical reactions, etc. Consequences of improper mixing include non-reproducible processing conditions and lowered product quality, resulting in the need for more elaborate downstream purification processes and increased waste disposal costs. This paper extends previous studies by the authors on an industrial helical static mixer and illustrates how static mixing processes of single-phase viscous liquids can be simulated numerically. It also intends to present an improved understanding of the turbulent flow pattern for single-phase liquids through the mixer. Three-dimensional finite volume simulations are used to study the performance of the mixer for a range of practical Reynolds numbers, using three different turbulent models: k–e model, k–ω model, and RSM model. The accuracy, global performance and costs of the different turbulent models have been examined. The flow velocities, pressure drops, etc. are calculated for each model. The calculated pressure drop of each case is compared with experimental results. Using different tools, the mixing results obtained from the different models are studied and compared.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Abstract 3168: “Drip-and-Ship” Thrombolysis Combined with Intra-Arterial Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: a Single Center Experience

Introduction: A subset of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who are treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) may benefit from further intra-arterial (IA) treatment but are initially treated at hospitals without endovascular resources. This necessitates emergent transfer (“drip-and-ship” strategy) to a facility with IA capabilities. The safety and utility of this method has not been sufficiently evaluated. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that the “drip-and-ship” strategy can be safely combined with IA therapy and leads to improved outcomes following acute ischemic stroke. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive AIS patients from July 2007 to May 2011 who were treated with IV tPA at community hospitals and then emergently transferred to our comprehensive stroke center. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were retrieved from an electronic registry. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores were abstracted from the medical records prior to tPA administration and at hospital discharge (amongst survivors). Protocol violations and treatment-related complications were abstracted from the medical record. Results: Among 65 “drip-and-ship” IV tPA patients (mean age 62 years, 57% male) admitted to our stroke center, the median NIHSS score was 16 and median onset-to-treatment time was 160 (IQR 125-193) minutes; 72% were treated in the 3-hour window. There were 8 (12.3%) protocol violations: 1 treated > 4.5 hours from onset, 1 treated with cardiac dose of tPA, 1 treated in 3-4.5hr window despite NIHSS score > 25, 2 despite prior stroke and diabetes history, and 3 despite age > 80 years. Twenty-five patients (38%) underwent subsequent IA therapy. Overall, there were 12 (18.5%) intracranial hemorrhages (IV-9.8%, IV + IA-33.3%, p=0.024), of which 3 (4.6%) were sICH (IV-2.4%, IV + IA-8.3%; p=0.274). In-hospital mortality was higher among IV-IA patients (16.7 vs. 4.9%, p=0.183) than IV tPA alone. Among survivors (n=59), the median NIHSS improved from admission to discharge for IV tPA alone (13 to 6, p Conclusions: “Drip-and-ship” thrombolysis appears safe despite an increase in protocol violations. A combined approach with IA treatment leads to improvements in the NIHSS score at discharge and has a safety profile comparable to previous studies. A combined “drip-and-ship” model for acute ischemic stroke may be a safe and effective strategy to increase access to IA therapy among eligible patients presenting to community hospitals with large artery occlusion.
Probing Nature’s Nanomachines One Molecule at a Time

Did you know that proteins are nanoscale machines that help us think, dance, and keep the threat of cancer at bay? Did you know that biology is a new research frontier for physicists? Here, I will discuss how biophysicists are using light-based tools to poke and examine nature’s nanomachines, one molecule at a time, uncovering the amazing acrobatic abilities that are essential for all forms of life.
Entrepreneurial affect: Attachment to work practice in San Francisco's digital media sector

In this paper I examine entrepreneurial work in San Francisco's digital media sector to consider how affect and desire are invested in sites of neoliberal production. Drawing on recent writing on a...
USE OF A COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL TIDAL FLOW

The numerical solution of tidal hydraulic problems has been greatly facilitated In the last decade by the development of high-speed large-memory computers. Problems which only could be studied by use of hydraulic models can now readily be studied with mathematical models if the computational techniques for solutions are developed. Unfortunately the difficulties in formulating usable methods for these complicated problems in fluid dynamics are formidable, particularly if the problems are multidimensional in space. As a result the numerical solution approach to these hydraulic problems has generally been limited and has not kept pace with the increased capabilities of the presently available computers. In this paper a new approach is given to the solution of two-dimensional tidal flow in shallow water.
Glow Discharge Plasma-Assisted Template Removal of SBA-15 at Ambient Temperature for High Surface Area, High Silanol Density, and Enhanced CO2 Adsorption Capacity

Glow discharge plasma was successfully applied for effective removal of the organic template P-123 from SBA-15 ordered mesoporous silica at near-room-temperature (below 50 °C) and in a short operation time (2 h). The as-made SBA-15 treated with glow discharge exhibited a larger surface area of 1025 m2 g–1 with larger pores and microspore volume as compared with that of conventional calcination (550 °C and 5 h, 827 m2 g–1). In addition to less structural shrinkage, the plasma-prepared SBA-15 showed significantly increased silanol density from 5.4 to 6.6–7.6 mmol g–1, which led directly to higher amine loading from 1.8 to 3.0 mmol g–1. Consequently, the plasma-treated sample showed 77% more CO2 capacity and 60% higher CO2/N2 selectivity than the conventionally treated sample at 0.15 bar and 25 °C. The advantage of using glow discharge plasma for low-temperature template removal for achieving enhanced performance for CO2 adsorption is clearly demonstrated.
Carbohydrate energy sources for Chinese hamster cells in culture.

SummaryThree Chinese hamster cell lines (CHO-K1, V79, and CHS) were tested to see which carbohydrates would support their growth in culture. There were differences between lines (mannose supported growth of CHO-K1 only), and glucose was the only carbohydrate that supported growth of all three strains. CHO-K1 cells possess enzymes for hydrolyzing some disac-charides which do not support growth. Fetal calf serum contains enzymes that hydrolyze maltose, glycogen, and a-mannosides.
What if we could tap vast deposits of methane-rich brine deep beneath the ocean and use the energy to cut carbon emissions?

The article focuses on the brine-sequestration system for carbon capture and sequestration in the U.S. Gulf Coast. Topics discussed include the improvement of energy efficiency and turning to nonfossil fuels, the production of geothermal energy from brine, and the increases in oil and gas production in the U.S.
A note on geographical constraints and housing markets in China

Abstract This paper examines the influence of land supply on housing markets in urban China. The extent to which geographical and man-made land constraints influence housing prices and quantities is explored. Using a sample of 35 cities in China from 2003 to 2012, I find that cities with less naturally available land have experienced greater price appreciation and the quantity response is less in those places. The results imply that geography matters in Chinese housing markets where land is discretely allocated by the government. In cities where there is more land naturally available, the government may be less concerned about the loss of arable land and be more permissive with development. Moreover, my findings imply that the allocation of land use via government decision in China is quasi-exogenous to changes in housing price and quantity, suggesting that decisions by governments about land supply may not be dependent on housing prices.
EXAMINATION OF FOOD AND WATER FOR CHOLERA VIBRIOS

A procedure to detect cholera vibrios in food and water, consisting of the examination of large samples, using pre-enrichment, concentration by micropore filtration, and enrichment in alkaline peptone broth is described. This method was used to examine ten types of foodstuffs exported from countries invaded by cholera. No cholera vibrios were found in these 435 samples, whereas 37 of 964 specimens collected in households of cholera patients harbored these organisms. It appeared that the risk of transmission of cholera by uncooked cereals, legumes, acidic produces, properly canned food, and dried fruits and cereal products is negligible. A search for salmonellae and shigellae was carried out simultaneously. One of the 10 exported smoked fish samples yielded Salmonella typhimurium. Of the 964 samples collected in homes, 10 harbored salmonellae, and 11 shigellae. Food from cholera-infested areas also should be examined for these organisms.
Resúmenes Presentaciones Orales VI ECAP

La produccion agricola de monocultivos a gran escala han generado el desenvolvimiento de tecnicas para mejorar la calidad de los cultivos, entre ellas el uso de productos fisicos quimicos y biologicos para la proteccion contra plagas y enfermedades, trayendo como consecuencia la fragmentacion y desplazamiento de habitas. En este estudio se sugiere a la especie Dugesia tigrina (Girard) como organismo modelo para el biomonitoramiento de ecosistemas acuaticos de la cuenca Araguaia-Tocantins/Brasil, areas de intensa produccion agricola.
Ultra-low-loss Ta 2 O 5 -core/SiO 2 -clad planar waveguides on Si substrates

An increasing number of systems and applications depend on photonics for transmission and signal processing. This includes data centers, communications systems, environmental sensing, radar, lidar, and microwave signal generation. Such systems increasingly rely on monolithic integration of traditionally bulk optical components onto the chip scale to significantly reduce power and cost while simultaneously maintaining the requisite performance specifications at high production volumes. A critical aspect to meeting these challenges is the loss of the waveguide on the integrated optic platform, along with the capability of designing a wide range of passive and active optical elements while providing compatibility with low-cost, highly manufacturable processes, such as those found in CMOS. In this article, we report the demonstration of a record low propagation loss of 3±1 dB/m across the entire telecommunications C-band for a CMOS-compatible Ta2O5-core/SiO2-clad planar waveguide. The waveguide design, fabrication process, and optical frequency domain reflectometry characterization of the waveguide propagation loss and group index are described in detail. The losses and dispersion properties of this platform enable the integration of a wide variety of linear and nonlinear optical components on-chip, as well as integration with active rare-earth components for lasers and amplifiers and additionally silicon photonic integrated devices. This opens up new integration possibilities within the data communications, microwave photonics, high bandwidth electrical RF systems, sensing, and optical signal processing applications and research communities.
Long-Term Preservation of Microalgae and their Optical Properties

This paper describes a unique protocol, using a gelatin-based embedding technique that allows for the long-term preservation of microalgae cellular structures and their spectral absorption and fluorescence properties. This facilitates the creation of archives of natural microalgae and phytoplankton cells for environmental studies. A re-examination of samples collected and prepared over two decades at McMurdo Station, Antarctica and at the California Bight near Los Angeles demonstrated the long-term preservation of the cells and their optical properties. The technique was developed for microphotometric analysis and was described in a publication during 1987 (cited in the text). However, the long-term preservation using this protocol was only verified during 2011. To this date there is no other published protocol that facilitates such high quality preservation of cell structure, including their optical properties for over two decades as demonstrated in the text. Optical analysis of individual species could provide a better understanding of the photo adaptation response of microalgae to environmental changes.
O-014 The use of alternatives to clopidogrel in pipeline flow diversion

Background Thromboembolic complications continue to be encountered with PED despite the routine clopidogrel/aspirin anti-platelet therapy. Our study examined the safety and the efficacy of prasugrel and ticagrelor in the management of clopidogrel resistant patients treated for cerebral aneurysms. Methods 437 consecutive patients were identified between January 2011 and May 2016. Patients allergic or having and it30% platelet-inhibition with a daily 75 mg of clopidogrel received 10 mg of prasugrel daily (n=20) or 90 mg of ticagrelor twice daily (n=2). The mean follow-up was 15.8 months (SD=12.4 months). The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) registered before the discharge and at each follow-up visit. To control confounding we used multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression and propensity score conditioning. Results Of 437 patients (mean of age 56.3 years; 62women [14,2%]), 26 (5.9%) presented with an acute sub-arachnoid hemorrhage. 7 patients were lost to follow-up (1 from the prasugrel group). 1 patient was reported allergic to clopidogrel and prasugrel. All the 22 patients receiving prasugrel had a mRSI SD=1.15). In a multivariate analysis, clopidogrel did not affect the mRS on last follow-up, p=0.14. Multivariable logistic regression showed that clopidogrel was not associated with an increased long-term recurrence rate (odds ratio[OR], 0.17; 95%confidence interval [CI95%], 0.01–2.70; p=0.21) neither with an increased thromboembolic accident rate (OR, 0.46; CI95%, 0.12–1.67; p=0.36) nor with an increased hemorrhagic event rate (OR, 0.39; CI95%,0.91–1.64; p=0.20). None of the patients receiving prasugrel deceased or had a long-term recurrence neither a hemorrhagic event, only 1 patient suffered from mild aphasia subsequent to a thromboembolic event. 3 patients on clopidogrel deceased during the study: (2)from acute SAH and (1)from intra-parenchymal hemorrhage. Clopidogrel was not associated with an increased mortality rate (OR, 2.18; CI95%, 0.11–43.27; p=0.61). The same associations were present in propensity score adjusted models. Conclusion In a cohort of patients treated with PED, prasugrel (10 mg/day) and ticagrelor (90 mg twice/day) are safe alternatives to clopidogrel resistant, allergic or non-responders. Disclosures E. Atallah: None. K. Bekelis: None. S. Tjoumakaris: None. R. Rosenwasser: None. P. Jabbour: None.
Interpretation of correlations in clinical research.

Background: Critically analyzing research is a key skill in evidence-based practice and requires knowledge of research methods, results interpretation, and applications, all of which rely on a foun...
HTS Shim Coils Energized by a Flux Pump for the MIT 1.3-GHz LTS/HTS NMR Magnet: Design, Construction, and Results of a Proof-of-Concept Prototype

In this paper we present design, construction, and preliminary results of a proof-of-concept prototype of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) shim coils operated at 77 K and energized, for the first time among all shim coils, by a flux pump, here called digital flux injector (DFI). Although the prototype shims were wound with 2-mm wide REBCO tape, and DFI with Bi2223 and REBCO tapes, the HTS Z1 and Z2 shims to be installed in the MIT 1.3-GHz LTS/HTS NMR magnet (1.3G) currently under construction and operated at 4.2 K will be wound with reinforced Bi2212 wire and DFI with Nb $_3$ Sn tape. The paper concludes with two sets of Bi2212 Z1 and Z2 shims for 1.3G.
Feasibility of wearable physical activity monitors in cancer patients (PAMCaP).

6577Background: Wearable physical activity monitors (PAMs) provide a degree of functional assessment not possible with prior clinical instruments. Subjective assessments of functional status are pr...
Burn Critical Care

Rapidly assess the burned patient, determine unique risk factors, and appropriately involve the burn specialist when criteria are met. Intervene with management strategies, including proper resuscitation, airway management, and surgical evaluation. Recognize when special circumstances alter management such as chemical, electrical, or inhalation injuries. Monitor for complications to individual injuries and develop a comprehensive approach to nutrition and rehabilitation that allows for complete recovery.
Mathematics Anxiety and Attitudes toward Mathematics.

Little is known about the nature and measures of mathematics anxiety or the characteristics of participants in math-anxiety treatment programs. This study reports, the relationship among measures o...
Two novel L2HGDH mutations identified in a rare Chinese family with L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria

L-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L-2-HGA) is a rare organic aciduria neurometabolic disease that is inherited as an autosomal recessive mode and have a variety of symptoms, such as psychomotor developmental retardation, epilepsy, cerebral symptoms as well as increased concentrations of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) in the plasma, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. The causative gene of L-2-HGA is L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase gene (L2HGDH), which consists of 10 exons. We presented a rare patient primary diagnosis of L-2-HGA based on the clinical symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results. Mutational analysis of the L2HGDH gene was performed on the L-2-HGA patient and his parents, which revealed two novel mutations in exon 3: a homozygous missense mutation (c.407 A > G, p.K136R) in both the maternal and paternal allele, and a heterozygous frameshift mutation [c.407 A > G, c.408 del G], (p.K136SfsX3) in the paternal allele. The mutation site p.K136R of the protein was located in the pocket of the FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain and predicted to be pathogenic. We predicted the homozygous missense mutation (c.407 A > G, p.K136R) was considered as the pathogenic mutation of the patient. The study highlights the power of pedigree analysis in order to interpret novel mutations.
Treatments of Choice for Isolated, Full-Thickness Tears of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament: A Nationwide Survey of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

The ideal treatment for isolated, full-thickness tears of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine how the majority of orthopaedic surgeons treat isolated, full-thickness tears of the PCL. In July 2017, a 17-question multiple-choice survey regarding the treatment of isolated, full-thickness tears of the PCL was emailed to 3,500 orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons with membership in the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. Responders answered multiple-choice questions related to indications, technique, graft choice, bracing, and weight-bearing status following reconstruction. Answer choices were then analyzed against surgeon-specific variables. The survey was completed by 663 orthopaedic surgeons. Of the responders, 93% were fellowship trained in sports medicine with an average practice duration of 13 years. The total number of PCLs reconstructed per surgeon was low, 11.6. On average, surgeons estimate they reconstruct the PCL in only 22% of patients with full-thickness tears. The two most common surgical indications were functional limitations and failure of physical therapy. The reconstruction of choice involves a transtibial approach (63%) with a single bundle (87%) allograft (83%) of the Achilles tendon (51%). The postoperative brace is typically locked in extension (66%), and weight-bearing is delayed for 3.8 weeks. Of the surgeons with the fewest years of experience, 39% use all-inside, 89% use allograft, and 24% use dynamic bracing. Compared with surgeons with the most years of experience, only 16% use all-inside (p
Antibacterial isoamphipathic oligomers highlight the importance of multimeric lipid aggregation for antibacterial potency.

Cationic charge and hydrophobicity have long been understood to drive the potency and selectivity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, these properties alone struggle to guide broad success in vivo, where AMPs must differentiate bacterial and mammalian cells, while avoiding complex barriers. New parameters describing the biophysical processes of membrane disruption could provide new opportunities for antimicrobial optimization. In this work, we utilize oligothioetheramides (oligoTEAs) to explore the membrane-targeting mechanism of oligomers, which have the same cationic charge and hydrophobicity, yet show a unique ~ 10-fold difference in antibacterial potency. Solution-phase characterization reveals little difference in structure and dynamics. However, fluorescence microscopy of oligomer-treated Staphylococcus aureus mimetic membranes shows multimeric lipid aggregation that correlates with biological activity and helps establish a framework for the kinetic mechanism of action. Surface plasmon resonance supports the kinetic framework and supports lipid aggregation as a driver of antimicrobial function. Joseph Brown et al. use oligothioetheramides (oligo TEAs) to show that multimeric lipid aggregation in Staphylococcus aureus mimetic membranes correlates with the biological activity of oligoTEAs. These results may explain why antimicrobial peptides with identical cationic charge and hydrophobicity show different biological activity.
Accounting for Mixed Populations in Flood Frequency Analysis: Bulletin 17C Perspective

AbstractBulletin 17B and its proposed update, Bulletin 17C, continue to recognize difficulties in determining flood frequency estimates among streamflow records that contain flood peaks coming from...
Comparing invasive with MRI-derived intracranial pressure measurements in healthy elderly and brain trauma cases: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND Intracranial pressure (ICP) is an important physiological parameter in several neurological disorders. Considerable effort has been made to measure ICP noninvasively. MR-based ICP (MR-ICP) is a nonempirical method based on principles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology, where ICP is obtained from measurements of blood and CSF flows to and from the cranium during the cardiac cycle. PURPOSE To compare MR-ICP with invasive ICP measurements obtained using lumbar puncture (LP) or external ventricular drainage (EVD). STUDY TYPE Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. SUBJECTS Ten cognitively healthy elderly subjects (age 69.6 ± 6.6 years; seven females) and six brain trauma patients (age 36.8 ± 19.7 years; two females). FIELD STRENGTH Velocity encoding cine phase-contrast at 1.5 T and 3 T. ASSESSMENT MR-ICP and craniospinal compliance distribution were estimated from arterial inflow and venous outflow to and from cranium, and craniospinal CSF flow at the upper cervical region, measured using cine phase contrast MRI. LP (done 177 ± 163 days after scan) and EVD measurements (at the time of scan) were performed in lateral recumbent and supine positions, respectively. STATISTICAL TESTS Linear regression was used to assess the relationships of MR-ICP with invasive ICP, and the dependency of these measurements on age, weight, height, and BMI. A Shapiro-Wilks test and Bland-Altman plot were respectively used to evaluate the normality and agreement between these two pressure distributions. Student's t-test was used throughout the analysis to compare differences between the EVD and LP cohorts. RESULTS In the combined cohort, MR-ICP and invasive ICP were positively correlated (r = 0.95, P < 0.001), with invasive ICP being higher than MR-ICP by 2.2 mmHg on average. In the healthy cohort, the cranial contribution to total craniospinal compliance was negatively correlated with MR-ICP (r = -0.90, P < 0.001). DATA CONCLUSION MR-ICP provides a reliable estimate of ICP, with 14 out of 16 datapoints within the clinically acceptable error. Craniospinal compliance distribution plays a role in modulating ICP in supine position. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:975-981.
Cyclodextrins in Analytical Chemistry

Three of the major areas of modern instrumental analysis are: separations, spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis. Cyclodextrins are playing an increasingly important role in all of these areas. Currently, the greatest impact has been in the area of separations. It has been recognized for years that the ability of cyclodextrins to form inclusion complexes gave unusual selectivity when used in various separation processes. However, the wide-scale general use of cyclodextrins in analytical separations didn’t catch on until more recently. This was a result of the development of new chromatographic techniques that utilized cyclodextrin (e.g., HPLC bonded phases, enantiomeric separations, mobile phase additives, gc stationary phases), commercialization of these methods and a general decrease in the price of cyclodextrins. The usefulness and importance of these techniques continues to expand as new synthetically modified cyclodextrins become available.
Comparative Causal Analysis of the Effects of Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist Versus No Long-Acting Bronchodilator Use on Readmission or Mortality After Hospitalization for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Retrospective observational studies may provide real-world evidence about long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist (LAMA) effectiveness in reducing mortality or COPD-related readmission risk after a COPD hospitalization. Causal inference and competing risk statistical procedures aid in managing confounding and competing outcome events that complicate retrospective analyses. To compare COPD-related readmission and mortality risk among patients receiving a LAMA versus patients receiving no long-acting bronchodilator (“no LABD”) within 30 days post-discharge. This retrospective observational analysis of patients (aged ≥ 40 years) hospitalized for COPD used claims data (years 2004–2012). Events occurring during the period from 31 days through 12 months post-discharge were compared. The hazard ratio (HR) for the combined outcome of COPD-related readmission or mortality was estimated using Cox regression. Confounding was addressed using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). The competing risk of non-COPD-related readmission was considered. 10,405 COPD patients were included (LAMA = 751, no LABD = 9654). IPTW achieved a balanced sample (10,518 LAMA, 10,405 no LABD). Unweighted HR (LAMA vs no LABD) for COPD-related readmission or death, adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, and baseline utilization, was 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84, 1.20]. Weighted (IPTW) adjusted HR was 0.94 (95% CI 0.88, 1.00). Unweighted and weighted HRs further adjusted for competing risk were 0.97 (95% CI 0.82, 1.16) and 0.91 (0.86, 0.98), respectively. Bias by indication and comorbidities make the measurement of retrospective COPD treatment effectiveness difficult. Using IPTW and additionally considering the competing event risk, LAMA use was associated with a small reduction in risk for COPD-related readmission or death over the period from 31 days to 12 months post-discharge.
Chaotic systems for simultaneous communications and bistatic radar

Chaotic FM signals are an attractive choice for secure communications and bistatic radar imaging in a shared electromagnetic spectrum. In this work, we propose an approach that incorporates a system architecture with a chaotic system with three state variables, one of which is selected for transmission with an embedded audio message. The sum of the chaotic state variable and audio message feeds a voltage-controlled oscillator that generates a wideband FM signal useful for radar target imaging. Using a receiver equipped with a chaotic synchronization stage, we show that the message is effectively extracted if it is embedded in any of a family of FM signals generated via dissipative chaotic flows. Furthermore, our results suggest that this family of FM signals provides the bandwidth necessary to resolve target components in range and Doppler as determined by their bistatic radar ambiguity surface.
The Bruise that does not Disappear

Background: Localized scleroderma is a rare musculoskeletal disease that can potentially severely affect a child’s growth and function. The early lesions often do not strike physicians as worrisome as they can appear as demarcated erythema or a bruise like lesion. Like other rheumatologic diseases, history is key in distinguishing these worrisome lesions from similar benign lesions. It is important to recognize the lesions early as they are not reversible when they have reached the fibrotic stage. A localized scleroderma lesion can also be a sign of a more wide-spread disease such as eosinophilic fasciitis. Eosinophilic fasciitis is a disease related to scleroderma …
Race and the ‘right to growth’: embodiment and education in the work of Anna Julia Cooper

One of the distinctive features of Anna Julia Cooper’s political philosophy and philosophy of education is the frequency with which she uses corporeal and organicist imagery to support her analyses...
Postoperative pain and medication between bier block versus monitored anesthesia care with local anesthetic in outpatient hand surgery

Abstract Background Intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier block) and monitored anesthesia care (MAC) with local anesthesia injection are routinely used for minor hand procedures. This study evaluates differences in post-operative pain control, PACU medication consumption, and duration of patient care. Methods Patients between 18 and 89 years of age who had trigger finger or carpal tunnel release performed were evaluated over a one year period. Demographics, pain score on arrival to PACU, highest Visual Analog Score (VAS), and pain score at discharge were evaluated alongside surgery, anesthesia, and tourniquet times. Results The average age was 58.8 and was significantly different between Bier and Local/MAC groups (P = 0.0217). There were 106 carpal tunnel releases and 34 trigger finger releases. Median time in surgery was 18 min for the Bier group and 15 min for the MAC group and statistically different (p = 0.0095). Median tourniquet time was 24.5 min for the Bier group and 14 min for the MAC group which was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). Median immediate post-operative pain score was significantly different between Bier and MAC groups (0 IQR:2 vs. 0 IQR:0), p = 0.0076). Discharge pain score was significantly higher for Bier block group than MAC group (0 IQR:3 vs. 0 IQR:0, p = 0.0001). Postoperative pain presence was less likely with Local MAC than Bier block (OR 0.197, 95%CI: 0.067, 0.578). Conclusion The likelihood of a zero pain score was greater in the Local/MAC group than the Bier block group. Tourniquet times did not affect pain scores in either group. Surgical procedures and anesthesia care times were shorter in the Local/MAC group.
Agency Appellate Systems

This Report returns to an important but little studied subject that the Administrative Conference of the United States (ACUS) last addressed nearly forty years ago: internal agency review (sometimes called administrative review) of hearing-level adjudicators’ decisions—or, as we call it, “agency appellate review.” In 1983, ACUS addressed the legal structures of appellate review. The main question it asked then, as it had over a decade earlier, is when and how agencies heads, if not constrained by statute, should delegate their authority to review the decisions of administrative law judges. Our focus in the Report lies elsewhere. We take the legal structures of appellate programs as they are now constituted and ask, among other important questions: How should the programs structure their decision-making processes? What cases should they review? Under what standards of review? What procedural rules should they use? What form should those rules take? How should they promulgate the rules? What form should their decisions take? (When, for instance, should decisions be designated precedential?) What extra-decisional activities might they undertake to improve the hearing-level decisions they review and also their own decisions? What bureaucratic mechanisms might they employ to carry out their missions as efficiently and fairly as scarce resources allow? What information should they share with the public? It is important to emphasize up front that these questions, and all others we consider here, can usually be addressed by agencies as a matter of administrative choice. Few agencies are constrained by statute. This Report proceeds as follows. Part I provides necessary background on agency appellate systems (their structures, objectives, and legal bases), prior ACUS recommendations on the subject, and judicial review of agency adjudicative decisions. After Part II explains our study methodology, Part III presents our main findings. Part IV sets forth our recommendations for ACUS’s consideration. The Conclusion offers some possibilities for further ACUS study.
Ribociclib and everolimus in well-differentiated foregut neuroendocrine tumors

The mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus is an established therapy for well differentiated (WD) foregut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Pre-clinical data demonstrates a potential synergistic role for cyclin dependent kinase 4/6 inhibition and everolimus to treat this disease. In this phase II multicenter study, patients with advanced foregut WDNETs received combination ribociclib and everolimus until confirmed disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The first 12 patients received ribociclib 300 mg three weeks in a row with a one week break and everolimus 2.5 mg daily (recommended phase II dose). Due to unexpected hematologic and infectious toxicities, the trial was put on hold, modified, and an additional 9 patients received ribociclib 200 mg and everolimus 2.5 mg daily. The primary end point was progression-free survival. Archived pre-treatment tumor was profiled by next-generation sequencing to evaluate for genomic markers of drug response. Twenty-one patients were treated (median age, 56; range, 24 to 77). The study did not meet the pre-specified criteria to advance to stage two. No patients experienced an objective response. Thirteen patients (62%) experienced stable disease. Median progression-free survival was 7.7 months (95% CI, 2.8 months to not reached). Eleven of the first 12 patients (92%) developed grade 2 or more myelosuppression. Ten patients (84%) experienced treatment interruption and 8 patients (67%) required dose reduction. Genetic testing in archival tumor tissue samples failed to identify a predictive biomarker of disease stabilization. The combination of ribociclib and everolimus had insufficient activity to warrant further investigation in foregut WDNETs.
Shortcut design of sulfur reduction distillation system using pseudo-component description of biodiesel and the sulfur contaminants

Abstract A critical factor in environmental degradation is the coupled problem of world population growth and waste management, including wastewater management. Making biodiesel from the FOG (fat, oil and grease) in the wastewater system is an attractive path for sustainable biofuel production, waste management and public health. High sulfur content is the biggest challenge in biodiesel produced with the brown grease extracted from FOG. The purpose of this paper is to present a new method to design the sulfur reduction process based on a pseudo-component approach that greatly reduces the effort required to characterize the complex mixture of methyl esters and sulfur containing contaminants. To demonstrate this method, biodiesel was produced from decanted brown grease using several combinations of acid and base catalysts in a two-step esterification/ transesterification process. Vacuum batch distillation was applied to the crude biodiesel product to generate volatility and sulfur distribution data. An easily applied vapor/liquid equilibrium model was then developed using 7 pseudo-components, each with an assigned sulfur content. A principal result is that the pseudo-component model very accurately simulated the batch distillation data. These pseudo-components were then used in the ASPEN software to design a continuous distillation system for a FOG to biodiesel system being installed at a wastewater treatment plant. The second principal result is the ASPEN based design predicts a biodiesel product containing sulfur lower than 10 ppm, satisfying sulfur requirements worldwide. In conclusion, the pseudo-component design method is a versatile and easily applied approach to design sulfur reduction processes.