cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autoamputation of the foot caused by untreated gas gangrene: a case report

Gas-producing diabetic foot infections are limb-threatening emergencies commonly encountered by foot and ankle surgeons. Appropriate treatment includes aggressive surgical debridement, parenteral antibiotics, and postoperative wound care. The authors present a unique case of a patient who refused treatment for a deep-space gas-producing infection, resulting in autoamputation of the foot. The authors also discuss the confusion surrounding the definition of gas gangrene.
Censor chair: exploring censorship and social presence through psychophysiological sensing

In this paper, we describe Censor Chair, an art installation that creates a shared experience addressing forms of censorship including self-censorship, censorship of a group upon an individual, visual and auditory censorship in digital media, and censorship in society. We are taking a playful position in considering relationships between censorship and sensors that monitor physiology. Censor Chair makes use of a galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor, live video feeds, and a barcode reader to drive the presentation of a digital media library.
Influence of follow-up bias on PSA failure after external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: results from a 10-year cohort analysis.

Abstract Purpose To estimate the biases inherent in prostate cancer outcome that arise from different failure end points and variations in follow-up time and intensity using a cohort of men with long follow-up. Methods and materials The study cohort consisted of 205 men with T1–T2N0-Nx prostate cancer treated with conventional radiotherapy between 1991 and 1993. The median follow-up was 103 months. Outcome was assessed using different definitions of biochemical failure, including the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) consensus criteria and the "nadir plus two" criteria (any rise of 2 ng/mL greater than the current nadir). Patient subgroups were created according to where patients had received their last 2 years of follow-up. Patients were also stratified according to whether they were initially present in the departmental database (under regular surveillance) or were uncovered after more vigorous investigation (previously "lost to follow-up"). Results In this series with maximized follow-up, the 10-year biochemical disease-free survival rate did not change significantly with varying definitions of failure, 49% and 45% for ASTRO and "nadir plus two" criteria, respectively. Patients followed by outside physicians ( n = 99) were faring better at 10 years than those followed at the treating institution by either their radiation oncologist ( n = 50) or their medical oncologist or urologist ( n = 52). This was by all measures of outcome, including overall survival, and metastasis-free survival. Patients previously lost to follow-up ( n = 43) who were tracked down also appeared to be doing better than those on our database for whom information had been readily available ( n = 161). This, however, may have been an artifact of the ASTRO criteria, which underestimates failure when insufficient prostate-specific antigen values are available. Conclusion The ASTRO definition of failure underestimates late failure. This bias may be compensated for by the use of cohorts with long follow-up or the use of the "nadir plus two" definition of failure. The use of institutional prostate cancer databases may overestimate failure rates because patients followed outside of the treating institution fared better with respect to both survival and biochemical recurrence. Vigorous attempts to obtain follow-up beyond the hospital walls may correct this bias.
A dynamic programming solution to the n -queens problem

Rivin, I. and R. Zabih, A dynamic programming solution to the n-queens problem, Information Processing Letters 41 (1992) 253-256. The n-queens problem is to determine in how many ways n queens may be placed on an n-by-n chessboard so that no two queens attack each other under the rules of chess. We describe a simple O( f(n)8”) solution to this problem that is based on dynamic programming, where f(n) is a low-order polynomial. This appears to be the first nontrivial upper bound for the problem.
Depth Sounding Diagnostic Measurements of Salt Gradient Solar Ponds

A recording depth sounding instrument has provided several different diagnostic measurements in the 1000 m/sup 2/ Research Salt Gradient Solar Pond at Argonne National Laboratory. The sounder has been used to locate gradient zone boundaries and layers of debris within the pond. The instrument has also helped to verify that the presence of salt piles in the bottom of the pond has been responsible for automatically maintaining the constant position of the gradient zone lower boundary during the last three years. Subsurface waves have been observed at the bottom of the gradient zone near the pond side walls. The sounding instrument has also proved capable of identifying density driven plumes and turbulent disturbances within the pond.
Sequence of human FEN-1, a structure-specific endonuclease, and chromosomal localization of the gene (FEN1) in mouse and human.

We recently purified and cloned the gene for a DNA structure-specific endonuclease, FEN-1, from murine cells. The murine protein recognizes 5{prime} DNA flap structures that have been proposed in DNA replication, repair, and recombination. Here, we report the sequence of the human FEN1 gene. The translated sequence is identical to peptide sequence obtained from maturation factor-1, which is 1 of the 10 essential proteins for cell-free DNA replication. The human protein has the same structure-specific DNA endonuclease activity as the murine protein. Two human chromosomal hybridization signals, 11q12 and 1p22.2, were observed by FISH analysis using human genomic clones homologous to the mouse Fen-1 gene. The localization on human 11q12 was confirmed using radiation-reduced hybrids. The mouse Fen-1 gene is assigned to chromosome 19 based on somatic cell hybrids. The significance of these FEM gene localizations in human and mouse is discussed. 19 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Classical stochastic model of laser-stimulated surface processes and the selective nature of laser excitation via multiphonon couplings

Abstract The dynamical behavior of laser-stimulated surface processes (LSSP) is studied by the generalized Langevin equation via the memory effects of the damping kernel, the dephasing kernel and mode-mode interactions. The temperature-dependent averaged energy absorption rate (which characterizes the line shape) is calculated by solving the Laplace-Fourier transform of the velocity correlation function. The features of the response function and its overall line broadening are discussed in terms of Markovian processes. The nature of LSSP and laser-selective effects are discussed in terms of the multiphonon coupling strength and the related “internal resonant” condition. It is shown that laser-selective bond breaking is possible for a slow intramolecular vibrational relaxation rate which is governed by a high-order multiphonon process or a far off “internal resonance”.
Recall and recognition of words and pictures by adults and children

Recall and recognition performance were compared under three different modes of presentation (written words, black-and-white pictures of objects, and color pictures of objects) for 30 subjects in each of three grade levels (college students, sixth graders, and fourth graders). The results showed a developmental trend of increasing recall performance with age. Whereas adult performance was significantly affected by mode of presentation (color pictures >black-and-white pictures >written words), no difference was found across presentation modes for the fourth and sixth graders. However, the data also indicated that children do have pictorial and color cues available in memory in a manner very similar to adults. It was suggested that the cognitive structures of children do not utilize this stimulus information.
Dynamic simulations of multicomponent lipid membranes over long length and time scales

We present a stochastic phase-field model for multicomponent lipid bilayers that explicitly accounts for the quasi-two-dimensional hydrodynamic environment unique to a thin fluid membrane immersed in aqueous solution. Dynamics over a wide range of length scales (from nanometers to microns) for durations up to seconds and longer are readily accessed and provide a direct comparison to fluorescence microscopy measurements in ternary lipid-cholesterol mixtures. Simulations of phase separation kinetics agree with experiment and elucidate the importance of hydrodynamics in the coarsening process.
Computational characterization of the internal bonding and solvation structure for [Nb10O28]aq6-.

The chemistry of polyoxometalate ions is richly explored, but mostly via synthesis and experimental studies. Less emphasis has been placed on developing a robust computational understanding of their aqueous dynamics. In this work, we utilize both a previously created force-field model and ab initio molecular dynamics to explore the solvation structure of [Nb10O28]aq6−. We examine characteristic behaviors of both cluster–water interactions and intra-cluster bond strengths. We show that cluster–water interactions are dictated by electrostatic interactions, which in turn are dictated by the shape of the cluster; ultimately reflecting a quantitatification of the steric shielding to the cluster's oxygen sites. We also show that bond strengths within the cluster do not correlate with oxygen reactivities, lending credence to previous suggestions that oxygen exchange for decaniobate clusters occurs via intermediates that form by significant structural reorganizations.
Oral implantology and oral carcinogenesis in primates.

The projection of basic clinical research into practical application for the patient's benefit is one of the prime goals of biomedical research. The non-human primate, by its close proximity to man, affords an ideal experimental model to meet the needs of such scientific research. Our dentally orientated investigations have encompassed the fields of oral implantology and oral carcinogenesis. The former has delved into reimplantation of natural teeth and implantation of a variety of artificial substances such as: plastics, ceramics, and pyrolite carbons, which have been utilized for bone and/or tooth replacement in a variety of forms. The chemical carcinogenesis research effort has been directed toward identifying the carcinogenic substance in betel quid chewing, which is thought to be a major cause of the high incidence of oral cancer in India.
Conducting research with end-of-life populations: Overcoming recruitment challenges when working with clinical agencies

Conducting end-of-life (EOL) research can present numerous challenges associated with recruitment and retention of research subjects. Such issues may result from working with a variety of clinical settings or the uniqueness of the patient population. The purposes of this article were to describe recruitment challenges in EOL research when collaborating with different types of clinical agencies and to discuss strategies that are being used to overcome these recruitment issues.
Design of a Nanomagnet

We design a two-dimensional ferromagnet of quantum spheres of radius O(10 nm3) made of nonmagneticintrinsic semiconducting material, each connected to its neighbors by nano-cylinders made of identical material. Ferromagnetism ensues if there is precisely one electron trapped in each sphere; this is a direct consequence of a theorem by Elliott Lieb. We analyze and estimate the important materials parameters. At concentrations of less than 1 electron per sphere, ultimate collapse of the ferromagnetic state should yield a paramagnetic Fermi liquid. We point out the need for additional numerical and physical experimentation.
Tracing neurons with a kinesin-β-galactosidase fusion protein.

We have analyzed the development of neuronal projections inDrosophila by fusing the gene encodingDrosophila kinesin, a microtubule-associated motor protein, toEscherichia coli lacZ, and employing the resulting chimeric protein as a reporter molecule for labelling cells by the “enhancer-trap” method. Expression of kinesin-β-galactosidase in neurons has afforded a detailed view of the morphologies and projections of neurons. The images of cells provided by this method will facilitate anatomical and genetic investigations of theDrosophila nervous system as well as other cell types.
Multiscale simulation of the ground and photo-induced charge-separated states of a molecular triad in polar organic solvent: exploring the conformations, fluctuations, and free energy landscapes.

The approach of a multiscale simulation that combines quantum chemical calculations, classical molecular dynamics simulations, and statistical physics to integrate the information of the electronic states of a conformationally complex molecule into its structural distribution over an ensemble was performed to understand the influence of a polar organic solvent on the structural stability of carotene-porphyrin-fullerene molecular triad in both the ground and the photoinduced charge-separated excited states. The excited states of the triad were computed with the ab initio quantum chemical calculations using the algebraic diagrammatic construction through the second order correction (ADC(2)) method and the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The replica exchange molecular dynamics was used for the enhanced sampling of the ensemble in order to explore the phase space of the ground state and the photoinduced charge-separated excited state of triad in explicit tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. An imp...
URBAN POVERTY AND THE SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF PRIVATIZED FOOD ASSISTANCE

Urban affairs research has not examined how broad social forces and policy changes affect daily life in urban communities, organizations, and families. Drawing on ethnographic field work in urban f...
Strategies for Incorporating Higher Recycled Asphalt Pavement Percentages: Review of Implementation Trials in Northeast States

Because there is a greater emphasis on promoting sustainable materials within transportation infrastructure, state agencies in the U.S. Northeast are investigating different strategies that will enable the use of higher percentages of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) while not sacrificing the performance of the asphalt pavement. In particular, most state agencies in the Northeast are concerned with the fatigue and thermal cracking performance, as well as the general workability and handling of the higher-RAP-content asphalt mixtures when greater percentages are used. In conjunction with the Transportation Pooled Fund study TPF 5(230), Evaluation of Plant-Produced High-Percentage RAP Mixtures in the Northeast, three potential strategies were evaluated for incorporating higher RAP contents: using a softer asphalt binder grade to offset the stiff RAP asphalt binder, limiting the amount of RAP binder credited to the total asphalt content of the asphalt mixture, and using a performance-based specification that ...
CGC formalism with two sources

Abstract In this work we extend the JIMWLK formalism to the two-source problem. The S -matrix for the forward scattering can be written in a double functional integral representation which involves the usual functional integral for the gluon field and the spin path integral for the external color sources. Modifications needed in the light-cone gauge are discussed. Using our source term we compute the produced gluon field and discuss the duality of the high energy evolution kernel in the pA collision.
Formal properties of natural language and linguistic theories

Lors des 40 dernieres annees, diverses proprietes formelles des langues naturelles et des theories linguistiques ont ete etudiees, notamment la faible capacite generative et la complexite du temps. Toutefois, les proprietes de cloture standard des langues naturelles (union, intersection, complementation, concatenation, cloture de concatenation, homomorphisme, homomorphisme inverse et intersection avec un ensemble regulier) n'ont pas ete analysees. En utilisant les universaux des langues naturelles pour prouver leurs proprietes formelles, l'A. montre que la langue naturelle n'est fermee d'apres aucune de ces operations et examine les implications de ces faits de non-cloture pour la theorie linguistique
Synthesis and characterization of iron silicon boron (Fe5Si2B) and iron boride (Fe3B) nanowires.

Single-crystal iron silicon boron (Fe(5)Si(2)B) and iron boride (Fe(3)B) nanowires were synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on either silicon dioxide (SiO(2)) on silicon (Si) or Si substrates without introducing any catalysts. FeI(2) and BI(3) were used as precursors. The typical size of the nanowires is about 5-50 nm in width and 1-20 mum in length. Different kinds of Fe-Si-B and Fe-B structures were synthesized by adjusting the ratio of FeI(2) vapor to BI(3) vapor. Single-crystal Fe(5)Si(2)B nanowires formed when the FeI(2) sublimator temperature was kept in the range of 540-570 degrees C. If the FeI(2) sublimator temperature was adjusted in the range of 430-470 degrees C, single-crystal Fe(3)B nanowires were produced. Fe(3)B nanowires grow from polycrystalline Fe(5)SiB(2) particles, while Fe(5)Si(2)B nanowires grow out of the Fe(5)Si(2)B layers, which are attached to triangle shaped FeSi particles. Both the ratio of FeI(2) vapor to BI(3) vapor and the formation of the particles (Fe(5)SiB(2) particles for the growth of Fe(3)B nanowires, FeSi particles for the growth of Fe(5)Si(2)B nanowires) are critical for the growth of Fe(3)B and Fe(5)Si(2)B nanowires. The correct FeI(2) vapor to BI(3) vapor ratio assures the desired phase form, while the particles provide preferential sites for adsorption and nucleation of Fe(3)B or Fe(5)Si(2)B molecules. Fe(3)B or Fe(5)Si(2)B nanowires grow due to the preferred growth direction of .
Penicillamine-induced myositis in rheumatoid arthritis

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed multiple mononeuropathies multiplex was shown to have vasculitis in nerve biopsy, but no evidence of inflammatory muscle disease in muscle biopsy. Treatment with penicillamine caused the rare complication of polymyositis, documented clinically, electrophysiologically, and by light and electron microscopy in a second muscle biopsy. The evidence presented supports the concept that penicillamine may induce polymyositis or aggravate a pre-existing low-grade myositis.
Quantitative morphology of rocks at the Mars Pathfinder landing site

[1] We adapt and test a standard terrestrial technique of assessing morphology quantitatively for use with sites on Mars based on two-dimensional equations and particle outlines, whereby images of particles obtained remotely may yield dimensionless, numerical shape and roundness values consistent with previous knowledge of the lithology and sedimentary transport history. Our test site was the particle-rich Rock Garden at the Mars Pathfinder landing site, a location where the primary geologic processes and lithology have been determined by other means. A total of 575 particles were assessed in terms of size, sphericity, elongation, and roundness; qualitative roundness was determined for 460 particles. Particles are mostly pebble- to cobble-sized and have an average sphericity of 0.75, elongation of 0.63, and relative roundness of 0.083; 69% of particles are subangular or subrounded. Particle sphericity is unimodal, with a size-sphericity profile matching trends for terrestrial populations of similar lithology and elongations nearly identical to those for particles at Vikings 1 and 2. This matches the predictions for a site with the single overall lithology implied from other analyses. Roundness data indicate one or possibly two particle populations, representing the primary processes that likely affected particle roundness most strongly: impact and catastrophic flooding. Finally, we tested a hypothesis suggesting that darker, smaller, more angular particles comprise a population transported through impact cratering, while larger, less dark, more rounded particles are associated with catastrophic flood transport. The opposite result is seen: larger particles throughout the Rock Garden are more angular than smaller ones.
A RG transformation for dynamical triangulations

We propose a real-space renormalization group transformation for blocking dynamically triangulated random surfaces. To verify that the RG transformation preserves the long distance physics of the surfaces we look at the string susceptibility exponent γ s and the Hausdorff dimension d H in the case of 2 d pure gravity. To look for a fixed point structure we study how several operators change under the RG transformation.
Pericardial Effusion in Women With Breast Cancer

Ninety patients with a history of breast cancer and pericardial effusion detected on echocardiography were identified and divided on a clinical basis into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 20 patients who had progressive metastatic breast cancer and echocardiography performed on a routine basis as a part of a clinical trial involving 38 patients. All 20 had small unexpected effusions, and only one patient developed symptomatic malignant pericardial disease late in her clinical course. Group 2 consisted of 32 patients who were without evidence of metastatic disease at the time of positive echocardiography and the etiology was considered benign in all patients. Six patients required pericardiectomy, five for severe radiation induced pericarditis and one for amyloid. No patient developed proven or suspected malignant pericardial disease. Group 3 comprised 38 patients who had known metastatic disease outside the pericardium at the time of positive echocardiography. Nineteen patients in Group 3 had histologically proven malignant involvement during life or at autopsy, and five more had suspected malignant pericardial disease. Ten patients initially were treated with pericardiectomy and 28 patients were managed with systemic therapy alone (24 patients) or with pericardiocentesis (four patients). Among the 12 patients with malignant effusion treated without surgery, proven local progression of pericardial disease occurred in six, with sudden death in two of those patients. No patient treated initially with surgery suffered progression of her pericardial disease. It was concluded that: small, clinically unsuspected pericardial effusions appear to be relatively common in women with metastatic breast cancer; no patient with clinical pericardial disease confirmed on echocardiography and no evidence of metastatic breast cancer developed malignant pericardial involvement; 50% of patients with known metastatic disease and a clinically apparent pericardial effusion had malignant pericardial disease; and nonsurgical therapy in patients with histologically proven or clinically suspected malignant pericardial effusion was associated with a high incidence of progressive pericardial disease.
Child health-related quality of life following neurocritical care for traumatic brain injury: an analysis of preference-weighted outcomes.

Background Cost-effectiveness analysis relies on preference-weighted health outcome measures as they form the basis for quality adjusted life years. Studies of preference-weighted outcomes for children following traumatic brain injury are lacking.
Counterrevolution and Structural Change: The Case of Argentina

This article discusses the reversal of development in Argentina. It argues that this country switched developmental tracks: from being a "land of recent settlement," it became an underdeveloped society. This shift was the unintended consequence of two policies that were institutionalized in the postwar period: autarkic industrialization, and a corporatist system of labor relations. The author claims that these policies were a response by the state elite to a perceived revolutionary threat, that this fear of revolution was unrealistic, and that these policies had the effects they did because of the "modern" characteristics of Argentina. The peculiar pattern of Argentine development could not have been understood by either modernization and dependency approaches, and thus this case calls into question the basic assumptions of these theories of development. The sociological study of development has been dominated by modernization and dependency theories. The merits and deficiencies of each of these theories have been noted many times, but I would like to point out two shortcomings they share. First, both approaches are based on simple binary classifications (developed/under- developed, dominant/dependent), which become reified when applied to the analysis of concrete societies. Their use leads to the neglect of the fact that there are multiple developmental tracks, and that societies may switch these tracks at specific junctures in the development process. Specific economic and political patterns may be institutionalized in a country, but there are situations in which particular combinations of external and domestic factors may cause a shift of developmental paths. This is why these perspectives cannot easily encompass cases that are deviant in relation to their models, such as instances of acceleration, stagnation of "developed" countries, or retrogression, in the case of traditional modernization approaches; and the emergence of the "new industrial countries" in the case of dependency theory. Second, these theories are usually deterministic, in the sense that they view developmental outcomes, in the last instance, as a function of the value system institutionalized in the social structure, in the case of the old versions of the modernization perspective, or of the position of a society in the international economy, in the case of dependency and world-system approaches. Group actions and ideas end up being considered as little more than transmission belts for these
Status and habitat requirements of Physaria thamnophila, an endangered species of Tamaulipan thornscrub

Physaria (Lesquerella) thamnophila (Brassicaceae; henceforth Physaria) is an endangered herbaceous perennial plant of remnant patches of Tamaulipan thornscrub near the southern Texas border. Six years of censuses of four populations of Physaria were analyzed. Quantitative data were collected to describe the plant community in the four sites. There was no overall trend in population size, but fluctuations in observed numbers of plants among years were extremely large: a single census cannot provide a reliable assessment of a population of this species. Seedling numbers were positively related with shrub canopy cover. However, there were many more Physaria plants in the brush-cleared portion of one site than in its uncleared portion. Seedling survival may be facilitated by anything that reduces movement of the highly erodible soils of these sites.
Computer assisted instruction: current trends and critical issues

The use of computers to assist in the learning situation in a simulation, game, tutorial, or drill and practice mode is reviewed on an international basis with centers of activity identified in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan. The use of the computer as an adjunct to support learning is compared to its use in a substitution mode. Evaluative studies of CAI are reviewed and costs are examined. The critical issues of CAI are enumerated and analyzed as they pertain to computer hardware, CAI languages, and courseware development and use. The future of CAI is briefly sketched from the viewpoints of individuals prominent in the field. Finally, conclusions are drawn and recommendations are offered to help ensure the most educationally cost-effective use of CAI in learning situations.
Repair of ultraviolet damage in human cells also exposed to agents that cause strand breaks, crosslinks, monoadducts and alkylations

Excision repair of UV damage in human cells was measured by the incorporation of new bases into DNA after exposure to UV light and variety of other carcinogens including X-rays, furocoumarins plus 360 nm light (8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 4'-aminomethyl 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen hydrochloride (AMT) and angelicin), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), dimethyl sulfate (DMS) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Repair of UV damage was unaffected by concomitant exposure to X-rays. Furocoumarin adducts and alkylating agents, however, interacted with UV repair and reduced the amount of repair replication observed. The interaction between repair of furocoumarin and UV damage is consistent with the involvement of a common DNA repair pathway: its saturation with respect to repair of UV damage also results in saturation with respect to other lesions involving that pathway. The observed effect of alkylating agents on UV repair, however, cannot be due to saturation of a common pathway because damage from these agents are repaired by different mechanisms than UV damage. Instead, it appears likely that the effect is due to alkylation damage to repair enzymes. From a consideration of the degree of protein alkylation at millimolar concentrations of alkylating agents, we estimate that the UV repair system could consist of an extremely large complex of protein subunits in the order of 1 million molecular weight. Whereas some previous studies have used concomitant exposures to pair of different agents to determine whether the damage they produce is repaired by common or independent pathways, our results indicate that such a method is an unreliable indicator of the number of repair pathways.
Gas–liquid two-phase flow patterns in rectangular polymeric microchannels: effect of surface wetting properties

Here we map gas–liquid two-phase flow regimes observed in polymeric microchannels with different wetting properties. We utilized video and confocal microscopy to examine two-phase flow patterns produced by parallel injection of air and water through a Y-shaped junction into a rectangular microchannel made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). We observed seven flow regimes in microchannels with hydrophobic walls, whereas only two flow patterns were identified in hydrophilic microchannels. Our study demonstrates that surface wettability has a profound influence on the spatial distribution of air and water moving in microchannels.
Surface Wind Speed over Land: A Global View.

Abstract This paper provides a global analysis of surface wind speed (SWS) based on data from 1506 weather stations. It is found that the local variation in monthly normal SWS can generally be captured as a sine function of calendar month using three descriptors: the annual mean SWS, the annual amplitude of SWS, and the month of peak SWS. With station-specific descriptor values, the function accounts statistically for 97% of the variance in SWS contained in the total dataset; the corresponding root-mean-square error is 0.30 m s−1, or 8.2% of the SWS data mean. Global maps of the three SWS descriptors are produced by geographically interpolating the locally fit values. By reversing the above procedure, the maps may be used to provide first approximations to monthly SWS anywhere in the world.
Computer science accreditation and the curriculum: a delicate partnership

The computer science accreditation standards developed jointly by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the IEEE Computer Society are now in use. Computer science curriculum standards, developed separately by ACM in 1978 (and revised at the introductory level in 1984) and by the IEEE Computer Society in 1983, can play an important role in the accreditation process. The author examines the essentially complementary relationship that must be maintained between these two types of standards. Their different purposes in the broad scope of computer science education are examined. The potential impact of future curriculum standard development on the accreditation standard, and vice-versa, is also explored. >
Realistic enzymology for post-translational modification: zero-order ultrasensitivity revisited

Abstract Unlimited ultrasensitivity in a kinase/phosphatase “futile cycle” has been a paradigmatic example of collective behaviour in multi-enzyme systems. However, its analysis has relied on the Michaelis–Menten reaction mechanism, which remains widely used despite a century of new knowledge. Modifying and demodifying enzymes accomplish different biochemical tasks; the donor that contributes the modifying group is often ignored without the impact of this time-scale separation being taken into account; and new forms of reversible modification are now known. We exploit new algebraic methods of steady-state analysis to reconcile the analysis of multi-enzyme systems with single-enzyme biochemistry using zero-order ultrasensitivity as an example. We identify the property of “strong irreversibility”, in which product re-binding is disallowed. We show that unlimited ultrasensitivity is preserved for a class of complex, strongly irreversible reaction mechanisms and determine the corresponding saturation conditions. We show further that unlimited ultrasensitivity arises from a singularity in a novel “invariant” that summarises the algebraic relationship between modified and unmodified substrate. We find that this singularity also underlies knife-edge behaviour in allocation of substrate between modification states, which has implications for the coherence of futile cycles within an integrated tissue. When the enzymes are irreversible, but not strongly so, the singularity disappears in the form found here and unlimited ultrasensitivity may no longer be preserved. The methods introduced here are widely applicable to other reversible modification systems.
Methods for Estimating the Duration of Bacterial Carriage

In two cohort studies on asymptomatic pharyngeal carriage of meningococci and of streptococci among schoolchildren, four methods are used to estimate the duration of bacterial carriage. A first estimate of the mean duration is given by the quotient of prevalence by incidence rate. A second method is based on the estimation of the actual length of truncated observations. A third estimate is given by the analysis of carriage survivorship according to a life table. A fourth method is the fitting of a negative exponential model to the carriage survival curve. For meningococci, the estimates of the median duration of carriage range from 7.7 up to 10.2 months, and from 11.1 up to 14.5 months for the mean. For streptococci, the median values vary from 1.9 up to 2.1 months, and from 2.3 up to 4.4 months for the mean duration. The validity and the consistency of the different estimates are discussed.
Survey of occupational therapy practitioners in southwestern schools: assessments used and preparation of students for school-based practice.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify current practice in assessment useof school-based occupational therapy practitioners and to identify their expectations of student performance in assessment upon completion of the pediatric Fieldwork II experience. A survey of school-based occupational therapists in the southwestern states was conducted to answer three research questions: (1) what standardized assessments are currently used frequently and occasionally by occupational therapy practitioners in the school setting, (2) what level of competency in assessment administration by Fieldwork II students is expected by supervising occupational therapists, and (3) what educational preparation did the practitioners receive prior to their employment in schools and what professional support is currently available to them? Method: A five page questionnaire was mailed to 406 practicing thera-pists in four southwestern states with a response rate of 74.1 percent using Dillman's Total Design Method. Results:...
Covariate balancing propensity score.

The propensity score plays a central role in a variety of causal inference settings. In particular, matching and weighting methods based on the estimated propensity score have become increasingly common in observational studies. Despite their popularity and theoretical appeal, the main practical difficulty of these methods is that the propensity score must be estimated. Researchers have found that slight misspecification of the propensity score model can result in substantial bias of estimated treatment effects. This workshop introduces a simple and yet powerful new methodology, covariate balancing propensity score (CBPS) estimation, which significantly improves the empirical performance of propensity score methods. The CBPS simultaneously optimizes the covariate balance and the prediction of treatment assignment by exploiting the dual characteristics of the propensity score as a covariate balancing score and the conditional probability of treatment assignment. The CBPS is shown to dramatically improve the poor empirical performance of propensity score matching and weighting methods reported in the literature. In addition, the CBPS can be extended to a number of other important settings, including the estimation of the generalized propensity score for non-binary treatments, the generalization of experimental estimates to a target population, and causal inference in the longitudinal settings with marginal structural models. The open-source R package, CBPS, is available for implementing the proposed methods.
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Milk: Detection by Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Their Effect on Starter Growth

A reverse-phase HPLC method is described that permits detection of quaternary ammonium sanitizers in milk. The commercial mixture of quaternary ammonium sanitizer used, n-alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, and 10% C16) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, was extracted from raw and homogenized milks by the Mojonnier milk fat extraction protocol, selectively eluted from the reverse-phase column in the presence of organic solvent and ion-pairing agent, and then analyzed by diode array detection at 217 and 280 nm. Quaternary ammonium sanitizer concentrations in augmented milk samples in the range of 1.0 to 60 micrograms/ml were analyzed with high precision as indicated by a small variance around the mean. Starter culture strains currently in use for manufacture of various fermented milk products available in the Department of Microbiology Culture Collection were examined for their sensitivity to quaternary ammonium sanitizer. All strains were greatly inhibited by as little as 20 micrograms/ml in milk; some were inhibited by only 10 micrograms/ml.
CLOTHING NEEDS OF ELDERLY ARTHRITIC WOMEN

This study was designed to determine the effects of arthritis on elderly women in order to design garments to suit their special needs. Data were collected from 25 elderly arthritic women in northwest Arkansas. Personal interviews were conducted by the researcher in each respondent's home. Three garments, a dress, blouse, and pair of pants were designed to make dressing and undressing easier for arthritic women. The results of the study showed that elderly arthritic women often have trouble finding appropriate clothing that fits well and is easy to put on and take off because of the physical changes associated with the disease. The participants displayed a greater ability to dress themselves using test garments that provided additional ease, front openings, and Velcro fasteners.
Childhood Victimization and Crime Victimization

The purpose of this study is to determine whether abused and neglected children are at increased risk for subsequent crime victimization. We ask four basic questions: (a) Does a history of child abuse/neglect increase one’s risk of physical, sexual, and property crime victimization? (b) Do lifestyle characteristics (prostitution, running away, homelessness, criminal history, drug abuse, and alcohol abuse) increase a person’s risk for crime victimization? (c) Do lifestyle characteristics mediate the relationship between child abuse/ neglect and crime victimization? (d) Do these relationships vary by a person’s sex or race/ethnicity? Using data from a prospective cohort design study, children with documented histories of physical and sexual abuse and/or neglect (n = 497) were matched with nonabused and nonneglected children ( n = 395), followed up, and interviewed in middle adulthood (approximate age 39.5). Logistic and ordinary least square regressions were conducted to assess risk for crime victimization ...
Realizing smart grid benefits requires energy optimization algorithms at residential level

One of the objectives of smart grid is to enable participation by informed customers in order to realize money and energy savings, and environmental benefits. This paper discusses the critical role that energy optimization algorithms will play at residential level to effectively achieve these benefits. A formulation of the optimization problem based on mixed-integer linear programming theory is proposed, and the implications of energy optimization algorithms on consumers, energy policies and markets are discussed.
An examination of the first Oxford House in the UK: A preliminary investigation

An exploratory investigation was conducted to examine the implementation of the first self-run, communal-living setting based on the Oxford House model, in the United Kingdom (UK). A cross-sectional, mixed methods design was used to examine the Oxford House model's total abstinence approach to recovery from substance use disorders among residents (n = 7) living in the first Oxford House established in the UK. Several measures commonly used in addiction research and personal narratives were used to assess residents' response to Oxford House living. Findings suggest that the Oxford House model is a post-treatment intervention that meets the needs of individuals seeking an abstinence-based recovery from alcohol and/or drug dependence in the UK.
Choosing Home Health as a Specialty and Successfully Transitioning Into Home Health Nursing Practice

This article describes components of a qualitative research study that investigated the process of how acute care nurses successfully transition into home health nursing practice. The sequences of activities in choosing home health as a specialty to practice and the phases of successful transition from acute care practice to home health practice are described. The sequence of activities and phases of successful transition were developed and grounded in the practice of 14 home health nurses. Implications for home health nursing practice, administration, and education are discussed.
The Abstractness of Artworks and Its Implications for Aesthetics

entities such as propositions or theories.2 Just as the theory of relativity is necessarily about relativistic physical phenomena, and the proposition 'Socrates is wise' is necessarily about Socrates, so also is the film Citizen Kane (Orson Welles, 1941) necessarily about the fictional character Kane, Beethoven's Fifth Symphony is necessarily about the characteristic musical contents of performances of that work, and Picasso's painting Guernica is necessarily about the town of Guernica. The relevant artworks could not be identified as uch independently of their necessary intentional contents any more than theories or propositions could be identified independently of their own characteristic necessary contents. At the same time, in the case of theories and propositions it is universally held that concrete linguistic expressions of them are only contingently related to the relevant propositional and th oretical contents, because of the conventional natur of natural languages. Hence, apart from a few extreme nominalistic doctrines, there is little or no theoretical temptation to identify theories or propositions with concrete linguistic items, because of the clear contingency of their relations. As Saul Kripke has taught us, genuine identity relations must hold of necessity, so that abstract theories and propositions cannot be identified with concrete linguistic entities that are only contingently related to them.3 Hence the status of propositions and theories as abstract entities that are necessarily related to their contents is secure, with no threat of theoretical conflict via a putative identification of such abstracta with the concrete linguistic tokens that express them. However, in the case of artworks, by contrast, it seems to be almost universally assumed that some artworks are indeed concrete entities, such The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 66:4 Fall 2008 © 2008 The American Society for Aesthetics This content downloaded from 157.55.39.32 on Sat, 27 Aug 2016 04:25:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 342 The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism as physical paintings or statues, and it is also widely assumed that the remaining artworks are types that have concrete artistic tokens as their instances, such as particular book copies or concrete musical performances. So in the case of artworks, it seems that we have a potential conflict. Though artworks seem initially to qualify as abstract entities having necessary contents, similar to theories and propositions, it is also widely held that either they or their instances are all concrete objects or events. Thus in the case of artworks we have at least a theoretically anomalous, if not paradoxical, situation: how should the apparent conflict between the abstract and concrete features of art-
Novel GNE mutations in two phenotypically distinct HIBM2 patients

Abstract Homozygous mutations in the UDP- N -acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/ N -acetylmannosamine kinase ( GNE ) gene cause hereditary inclusion body myopathy type 2 (HIBM2). We describe two unrelated American patients with novel GNE mutations. While one patient followed a typical disease course for HIBM2 with an onset at age 25 and rimmed vacuole pathology on muscle biopsy, the second patient had several features atypical for HIBM2. This patient's onset was at age 55, included distal weakness, quadriceps sparing and respiratory insufficiency. His muscle biopsy showed prominent necrosis without rimmed vacuoles. This study expands the phenotype and illustrates the clinical spectrum of HIBM2 identified in a U.S. based neuromuscular clinic.
THE KINETICS OF PENETRATION : XVII. THE EXIT OF AMMONIA IN LIGHT AND DARKNESS.

The exit of accumulated ammonia from the sap of Valonia macrophysa, Kutz., into normal (nearly ammonia-free) sea water, has been studied in light (alternation of daylight and darkness) and in darkness. Exit is always preceded by an induction period lasting 1 or more days. This is longer in darkness. After exit starts the rate is greater in light than in darkness. The pH of the sap drops off soon after the cells are exposed to normal sea water even before any definite decrease in the ammonia concentration of the sap has occurred. This suggests that the decrease in the pH is due to the loss of a very small amount of NH(3) or NH4OH without a corresponding gain of sodium as a base. In most cases sodium replaced the ammonia lost during exit, but there is some evidence that potassium may also replace ammonia. To account for the induction period it is suggested that other species than NH(4)X are concerned in the transport of ammonia, for example urea or amino acids.