cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of HMF from Water/DMSO Solutions onto Hydrophobic Zeolites: Experiment and Simulation

The adsorption of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), DMSO, and water from binary and ternary mixtures in hydrophobic silicalite-1 and dealuminated Y (DAY) zeolites at ambient conditions was studied by experiments and molecular modeling. HMF and DMSO adsorption isotherms were measured and compared to those calculated using a combination of grand canonical Monte Carlo and expanded ensemble (GCMC-EE) simulations. A method based on GCMC-EE simulations for dilute solutions combined with the Redlich-Kister (RK) expansion (GCMC-EE-RK) is introduced to calculate the isotherms over a wide range of concentrations. The simulations, using literature force fields, are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. In HMF/water binary mixtures, large-pore hydrophobic zeolites are much more effective for HMF adsorption but less selective because large pores allow water adsorption because of H2 O-HMF attraction. In ternary HMF/DMSO/water mixtures, HMF loading decreases with increasing DMSO fraction, rendering the separation of HMF from water/DMSO mixtures by adsorption difficult. The ratio of the energetic interaction in the zeolite to the solvation free energy is a key factor in controlling separation from liquid mixtures. Overall, our findings could have an impact on the separation and catalytic conversion of HMF and the rational design of nanoporous adsorbents for liquid-phase separations in biomass processing.
A new capability of cascaded quadratic processes: controllable red and blue shift of femtosecond pulses

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate the controllable frequency shift of femtosecond pulses in quadratic media in the presence of group velocity mismatch. Applications of this new capability to the compensation of Raman scattering and high-energy pulse compression are discussed.
Sacrificial nanofibrous composites provide instruction without impediment and enable functional tissue formation

The fibrous tissues prevalent throughout the body possess an ordered structure that underlies their refined and robust mechanical properties. Engineered replacements will require recapitulation of this exquisite architecture in three dimensions. Aligned nanofibrous scaffolds can dictate cell and matrix organization; however, their widespread application has been hindered by poor cell infiltration due to the tight packing of fibers during fabrication. Here, we develop and validate an enabling technology in which tunable composite nanofibrous scaffolds are produced to provide instruction without impediment. Composites were formed containing two distinct fiber fractions: slow-degrading poly(e-caprolactone) and water-soluble, sacrificial poly(ethylene oxide), which can be selectively removed to increase pore size. Increasing the initial fraction of sacrificial poly(ethylene oxide) fibers enhanced cell infiltration and improved matrix distribution. Despite the removal of >50% of the initial fibers, the remaining scaffold provided sufficient instruction to align cells and direct the formation of a highly organized ECM across multiple length scales, which in turn led to pronounced increases in the tensile properties of the engineered constructs (nearly matching native tissue). This approach transforms what is an interesting surface phenomenon (cells on top of nanofibrous mats) into a method by which functional, 3D tissues (>1 mm thick) can be formed, both in vitro and in vivo. As such, this work represents a marked advance in the engineering of load-bearing fibrous tissues, and will find widespread applications in regenerative medicine.
A Logic of Secure Systems and its Application to Trusted Computing

We present a logic for reasoning about properties of securesystems. The logic is built around a concurrent programminglanguage with constructs for modeling machines with sharedmemory, a simple form of access control on memory, machineresets, cryptographic operations, network communication, anddynamically loading and executing unknown(and potentially untrusted) code. The adversary's capabilities are constrained by the system interface as defined in the programming model (leading to the name csi). We develop a sound proof system for reasoning about programs without explicitly reasoning about adversary actions. We use the logic to characterize trusted computing primitives and prove code integrity and execution integrity properties of two remote attestation protocols. The proofs make precise assumptions needed for the security of these protocols and reveal an insecure interaction between the two protocols.
Mitral valve basal chordae: comparative anatomy and terminology.

Background Recent awareness of the importance of the mitral valve's basal chordae stimulated a comparative anatomic study of these chordae in 11 human, 10 ovine, and 10 porcine hearts. Methods The basal chordae were defined as the chordae that arise from the papillary muscles and insert into the ventricular aspect of the leaflets. Results All leaflet insertions of the basal chordae were close to the annulus, except at the anterior mitral leaflet, where insertion was at the junction of the smooth and rough zones. The number of basal chordae was 24.6 ± 4.21 in the porcine, 19.7 ± 2.90 in ovine, and 18.81 ± 3.54 in the human hearts. At least two anterior basal chordae were present in each half of the anterior leaflet in 70% of ovine and porcine and in 100% of human hearts. At least two basal chordae were present in each half of the middle scallop of the posterior mitral leaflet in 80% of ovine, 70% of porcine, and 63.6% of humans. Among them, only the two principal or strut chordae were identified as the longest and thickest. Conclusions The basal chordae of the mitral valve follow a definite pattern in each of the three species studied. A new and logical terminology that should facilitate identification of specific basal chordae is suggested.
DJ-1-Dependent Regulation of Oxidative Stress in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE)

Background DJ-1 is found in many tissues, including the brain, where it has been extensively studied due to its association with Parkinson’s disease. DJ-1 functions as a redox-sensitive molecular chaperone and transcription regulator that robustly protects cells from oxidative stress.
Dispositional happiness and college student GPA: Unpacking a null relation

We examined the mechanisms that underlie the null relation between dispositional happiness and college grade point average (GPA) by testing the hypothesis that dispositional happiness has positive and negative indirect links to GPA that offset each other. The sample consisted of 317 first-year students. Using structural equation modeling, we found that dispositional happiness exerted a positive indirect effect on cumulative GPA via commitment to college (p < .01) and a negative indirect effect on cumulative GPA via satisfaction with peer (student) relationships (p < .05). As predicted, the sum of its indirect effects on cumulative GPA was not significant (p = .22).
Genotoxicity of 22 pesticides in microtitration SOS chromotest

The authors adapted microtitration techniques to the SOS Chromotest, and thereby established a simple and reliable modified genotoxicity test: the Microtitration SOS Chromotest. This test employs microtitration techniques and photometric analysis with numerical readout. These data are integrated into the computerized data processing program Statistical Analysis System to obtain genotoxicity and toxicity results of a chemical or chemical mixture within 16 h. In order to test the applicability of the new system, the genotoxicity and toxicity of 22 pesticides were studied. A two-sample t test was employed to determine the level of significance (p captan > folpet > dinoseb > ferbam > linuron > alachlor > phosmet > cacodylic acid. The addition of rat liver S9 mix does not transform the nongenotoxic pesticides tested into genotoxic forms but significantly decreases the inducing ability of most positive pesticides. The Microtitration SOS Chromotest is rapid and efficient in providing evidence for decision-making related to cleanup of chemical spills and discharges where time is a critical factor. This method maintains its high accuracy and sensitivity compared with conventionally used assays. The studies of pesticide genotoxicity using this test confirm the applicability, reliability, and sensitivity of the Microtitration SOS Chromotest as a simple, efficient, and rapid genotoxicity prescreening system as well as an excellent research tool for genotoxic mechanism studies.
Stopping Rule Use During Web-Based Search

The world wide web has become a ubiquitous tool for information search. The focal point of web navigation has changed over the past few years from destination sites to search engines, and search activity thus determines where most people spend most of their time online. However, little is known about how and why people stop their search efforts. Such an understanding holds much promise for both website design and marketing efforts. Building on an established theoretical and empirical foundation, we investigate the heuristics, or stopping rules, that people use to end search behavior. In the present study, subjects engaged in an online shopping task and then completed a questionnaire concerning why they stopped their searches. Results showed that some stopping rules were used more than others, and the proportions differed from those used in some prior contexts. Implications for information search theory and website design are discussed.
Co-survival of the fittest few: mosaic amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases in glioblastoma

Mosaic amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases in glioblastoma suggests that tumor cells with different progression driver mutations may coevolve rather than compete during clonal evolution.
Management of Medial Collateral Ligament Tears in the Athlete

Medial collateral ligament insufficiency of the elbow can be a debilitating injury that often prevents athletes from competing effectively. The overhead athlete is particularly susceptible to this injury because the anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament is the primary restraint to the valgus stress that is created during the throwing motion. Repetitive trauma from constant overhead or throwing activity can ultimately render the ligament incompetent and cause recurrent pain and instability. We have found that the only reliable way to return these athletes to sport is by ligament reconstruction. We currently use a “docking technique” that provides excellent graft fixation, the identification and treatment of intra-articular pathology, and the reduction of ulnar nerve related complications. This article details the assessment of the throwing athlete with valgus instability secondary to medial collateral ligament insufficiency and highlights the technical aspects for reconstruction.
Radionuclide Imaging in Congestive Heart Failure: Assessment of Viability, Sarcoidosis, and Amyloidosis

Radionuclide imaging provides both established and emerging diagnostic and prognostic tools to assist clinicians in the management of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, cardiac sarcoidosis, and cardiac amyloidosis. This review highlights the underlying pathophysiology of each entity and associated diagnostic and clinical challenges, and describes the available radionuclide imaging techniques. Specific protocols, advantages and disadvantages, comparison with other noninvasive imaging modalities, and discussion of the evolving role of hybrid imaging are also included.
Does ambient light affect the accuracy of pulse oximetry

OBJECTIVE: Determine whether ambient light affects the accuracy of pulse oximetry readings. DESIGN: Prospective, repeated-measures study. SETTING: A photographic darkroom. SUBJECTS: Forty-five faculty and students at a university, none of whom had pale skin, dark skin, or evidence of cardiopulmonary disease. Any nail polish was removed. METHODS: Five light sources were individually tested: incandescent, quartz-halogen, infrared, fluorescent, and bilirubin light. A pulse oximetry probe was placed on the subject9s finger, and the finger and probe were placed sideways under each light source, on a predetermined mark. RESULTS: The greatest difference in pulse oximetry reading between any of the light sources was 0.5%. Repeated-measures analysis of variance yielded a p value of 0.204. CONCLUSIONS: Ambient light has no statistically significant effect on pulse oximetry readings. Even had the differences been statistically significant, the magnitude of the differences was small and thus clinically unimportant.
Are All Forms Of Scholarship Considered Equal

Boyer’s four forms of scholarship were detailed in his 1990 book Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate. In the 18 years since publication of that book, universities struggle with changing the promotion and tenure criteria to include all four forms of scholarship. Faculty members often focus on publications as they prepare for promotion and tenure. They are not comfortable immersing themselves in other forms of scholarship, like engagement, for fear it may be viewed unfavorably by the university and/or the review committee. This paper focuses on the scholarship of engagement as it struggles to break through the institutional barrier and become an accepted form of scholarship.
Holistic view of interactions in modules affecting durability - adhesion and snail trails

We are introducing our program to study and understand the interactions of photovoltaic module component materials and their impact on module durability from a holistic point of view. While the impact of backsheets and encapsulants on module durability has been studied to a great extent, the role of metallization pastes is significantly less understood. One durability-related aspect of metallization pastes is their adhesion strength to the tabbing ribbons. We have developed methods to control adhesion over a wide range and are among the first to quantify the impact of adhesion on module durability. We present our finding that adhesion does not have a measurable impact on module durability under the conditions tested, even for ultra-low adhesion conditions below 1 N/mm. Another module durability topic that requires a holistic view of interactions between module components is the phenomenon of snail trails on the surface of PV modules, which has become a widespread problem encountered by a large number of module makers and solar farms around the world. Through detailed studies, we have previously been able to link the root cause of snail trails to chemistry in the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), which reacts with silver in the presence of moisture introduced via micro-cracks. We present our continued efforts to develop an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms behind snail trail formation. We investigate the influence of micro-cracks as well as the material properties of encapsulants and backsheets on the rates of water ingression and subsequent snail trail formation. We also discuss the development and effectiveness of accelerated test methodologies replacing the current time-consuming field aging test method to establish snail trail susceptibility and rate of formation and apply them to specific module designs. Data from module field exposure tests is presented to correlate with lab accelerated aging tests.
Race, Ethnic Options, and Ethnic Binds: Identity Negotiations of Second-Generation Chinese and Korean Americans

This article examines the dynamics of race and ethnic options for those racially labeled “Asian” in U.S. society. Drawing on sixty-four in-depth interviews with second-generation Chinese and Korean...
The “Diff-lf”: Use of Microcomputer Analysis to Triage Blood Specimens for Microscopic Examination

Increasingly, all automated blood counts are not accompanied by a microscopic white blood cell differential. A popular strategy is to obtain a manual differential if any part of the automated blood count and differential is outside specified limits (the "diff-if" strategy). The authors compared two sets of criteria to triage blood counts for manual differentials: previously recommended numeric values, and the analysis of a microcomputer program. In a population of subjects with a high percentage of hematologic disorders, the microcomputer program and the numeric criteria were equally specific (excluding normal blood smears); the program was more sensitive for bands, immature granulocytes, monocytes, nucleated red blood cells, reticulocytosis, teardrops, red blood cell fragments, and hypersegmented neutrophils. The numeric criteria were more sensitive for eosinophilia (less than 1.0 X 10(9)/L) and mandated fewer manual differentials. In a population of predominantly normal subjects, the program was more sensitive for increased bands and equally sensitive for eosinophilia, the only abnormalities observed on the smear. In a population of subjects with predominantly abnormal blood counts, but excluding most primary hematologic disorders, there were few blood smears with abnormalities beyond eosinophilia or increased bands. In both of these groups, the computer program mandated more manual differentials than did the numeric criteria. The authors conclude that microcomputer analysis by the program tested was more sensitive than numeric criteria to identify specimens with abnormal blood smears. Specificity depended on the patient population. The choice of a triage strategy should be based on the individual laboratory's patient population.
The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test: A Question of Norms

Summary.-The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test was administered to 120 familial right-handed color-normal males. The range of errors indicative of low, average, and superior color discrimination varied from published norms. Subjects made significantly fewer errors on the first quarter-series so that the assumption of random errors by color-normal males was not met. The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test' (1957) was designed to measure hue discrimination using a total of 85 color discs arranged between pilot colors at both ends of four quarter-series, the first quarter-series containing 22 color discs. Use of the test norms is limited by the lack of specification of the characteristics of subjects composing samples for whom error scores are given. Average color discrimination is defined as a total error score on the first test between 20 and 100, a range encompassing the middle 68% of the scores or -C 1 standard deviation. Superior discrimination ( 16% ) ranges from total error scores of 0 to 19. Low discrimination (16%) is indicated by a total error score greater than 100. These categories are used to make statements about the color discrimination of normals, individuals who do not give colorblind responses on such tests as the Ishihara Plates and who make seemingly random errors on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test, such that errors do not occur more often in one quarter-series than another. As the final part of the experimental procedure in a series of color discrimination experiments, the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test was individually administered to each subject. The performance of the subjects on this test was not in agreement with the aforementioned normative data in several regards and it therefore seemed important to report out findings. A group of 120 familial right-handed undergraduate males, aged 17 to 36 yr. (M = 20, SD = 2.38), participated. They had normal vision without color defects as determined by a Bausch and Lomb Modified Orrhorater and the Dvorine Pseudo-Isochromatic Plates. Administration and scoring procedures followed those suggested by the manual, each quarter-series being given in the same order under daylight fluorescent illumination. . Mean error scores and standard deviations are given in Table 1. In terms of the color-discrimination norms mentioned previously, 84% were average scores, only 2% were superior and 14% were low. Clearly the range of error scores for superior color discrimination is too restricted or our sample is in
Properties of Interfaces between Superlattice Heterostructures and Uniform Alloy Materials as Realized by Impurity Induced Disordering

In this paper present experimental results on the quality of AIGaAs material after high concentrations of impurities have been introduced for the purpose of impurity induced disordering. A comparison between Zn and Si diffusion is presented, and the nature of the transition region between uniform alloy and as-grown periodic structure has been characterized both experimentally and theoretically. Device implications of these observations is discussed.
Advances in Rice Grain Filling

To strengthen the study on physiological factors and genetic factors of carbohydrate metabolic pathways in rice grain filling process,preferably understand the internal information of grain filling,so as to promote breeding of high-yield and high-quality rice varieties and drafting of the corresponding cultivation measures,the authors reviewed rice grain filling features,influencing factors,relevant study on enzyme activity and assimilation substance transporter gene and QTL location of rice grain filling.Meanwhile,prospected the research direction of rice grain filling and proposed the possibility of analyzing the genetic mechanism of relevant grain filling characteristics at molecular level.
Structure and Characteristics of the Computer Monitoring and Control System of Huinanzhuang Pumping Station

Huinanzhuang Pumping Station is the only pumping station in the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project,taking on the crucial task of supplying water to Beijing. After introduction to the project background and operating mode,the design principles of the computer monitoring and control system of the pumping station are presented. The open type layering distributed structure of the system,the hardware configuration and functions of the main equipment are expounded in detail. The main features of the system are analyzed and summarized,which provides references for the design and construction of the computer monitoring and control system of large and medium-sized pumping stations.
Non-identical coupled transmission lines and higher-order dispersion engineering

We present a propagation medium using a pair of non-identical coupled transmission lines (TLs). The slow wave characteristics of this coupled TLs are analyzed by generating fourth order dispersion relation as functions of (L, C) parameters. It it noted that higher order dispersion modes are generated by introducing coupling of two different modes on two different pairs of TLs. Depending on the choice of the coupling parameter (K) between these lines, upto fourth order dispersion can be achieved. A relation between geometry and higher order dispersion characteristics is presented. Slow wave characteristics are demonstrated using design example. Our analysis serves as a fundamental tool for the design of future novel geometries to achieve exotic dispersion modes for numerous microwave applications.
Augmented Hyper-CVAD in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): The MDACC Experience with Intensified L-Asparaginase and Vincristine in Adult ALL Salvage.

Prognosis has improved in newly diagnosed adult ALL using dose-intense multiagent regimens. Outcome of 185 patients (pts) treated with Hyper-CVAD (fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) showed 91% CR rate with 5-yr. survival of 39% and low induction mortality ( Kantarjian et al. JCO 18:547, 2000 ). Outcome remains poor in ALL salvage. Following leads in pediatric ALL, we hypothesized that “augmentation” of hyper-CVAD (AHCVAD) with vincristine, dexamethasone, and L-asparaginase during induction and consolidation may improve prognosis in adult ALL salvage. To evaluate efficacy and safety of AHCVAD we conducted a phase II study, in which pts received up to 8 courses of HCVAD alternating with methotrexate/high-dose cytarabine. Each course was augmented by L-asparaginase 20,000 units i.v. and vincristine 2 mg i.v. at days 1, 8, and 15 each, and dexamethasone 80 mg i.v./p.o. on days 1–4 and 15–18. From June 2003 to June 2005, 29 pts with relapsed/refractory ALL were treated. Median age was 32 yrs (range 14–70). Twenty-two pts (76%) had pre-B ALL (1 isolated CNS disease), 6 (21%) T cell ALL (2 with isolated extramedullary disease), and 1 (3%) pt had mature B ALL. Karyotype was diploid in 11 (44%) and abnormal in 14 (56%) pts (1 Ph+ ALL). No information is available in 4 pts. Median number of prior regimens was 1 (1–4). Median remission duration to initial induction regimen was 9 mos (0–68). Three pts were primary refractory. Of 29 pts, 22 are evaluable for response (2 too early, 5 off study for toxicity or pt. choice). Eight pts (37%) achieved CR, 1 (5%) PR, and 2 (10%) hematologic improvement (HI) for an OR of 52%. Six pts were able to proceed with stem cell transplant (5 CR, 1 HI). Of 29 pts evaluable for toxicity, 5 (17%) died on study from infectious complications. Uncomplicated neutropenic fever was common. Three pts (10%) were intolerant to L-asparaginase and had to be taken off study early. In summary, AHCVAD has activity in ALL salvage. However, asparaginase-related toxicities and neutropenic complications remain frequent and may limit the usefulness of this approach to selected patient populations.
An integrated tagging model to estimate mortality rates of Albemarle Sound – Roanoke River striped bass

We developed an integrated tagging model to estimate mortality rates and run sizes of Albemarle Sound – Roanoke River striped bass (Morone saxatilis), including (i) a multistate component for telem...
Cognitive-Behavioral Principles and Their Applications Within Autism Spectrum Disorder

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can suffer from anxiety disorders such as Social Anxiety Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Although the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for typically developing children, children with ASD and anxiety often require adaptations and modifications to these interventions. In addition, children with ASD usually receive various other treatments (e.g., pharmacological, psychosocial) which may need to be incorporated into anxiety treatment. We review the recent expansion of the use of various versions of CBT in youth with ASD and briefly examine the efficacy of these procedures. We also summarize the suggested modification strategies for CBT for children with comorbid ASD and anxiety. Future directions are considered and discussed.
Developing sustainable news media in Africa: a professionalisation model to curtail “the brown envelope” and other corrupting influences

ABSTRACTThe development of free, independent, and sustainable news media in Africa is bedevilled by the “brown envelope syndrome,” the widespread practice of accepting money for news coverage. This...
Review: A prediction guide that includes clinical assessment and noninvasive tests is accurate for diagnosing deep venous thrombosis

Source Citation Anand SS, Wells PS, Hunt D, et al. Does this patient have deep vein thrombosis? JAMA. 1998 Apr 8;279: 1094-9.
Abstract 78: Transforming Growth Factor-β Induces the Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling in Guanylyl cyclase/Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-A Gene-Disrupted Null Mutant Mice

Genetic disruption of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA) gene (Npr1) in mice exhibits high blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and remodeling leading to congestive heart failure. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms regulating the development of fibrosis in Npr1 gene-disrupted mice hearts. The Npr1 null mutant (Npr1-/-, 0-copy), heterozygous (Npr1+/-, 1-copy), and wild-type (Npr1+/+, 2-copy) mice were administered by oral gavage with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF- β1) receptor inhibitor GW788388 (1mg/kg/day) for 28 days. The heart tissues were isolated and used for quantification of fibrotic markers by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses. Together, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart weight-to-body weight (HW/BW) ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVEDS), and percent fractional shortening (FS) were analyzed. The Npr1-/- null mutant mice hearts displayed 6-fold induction of fibrosis compared with wild-type (WT) Npr1+/+ mice. Furthermore, the increased expression of fibrotic markers as observed, including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, 5-fold), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, 4-fold) and TGF-β receptor I (TGF-βRI, 4-fold), TGF-β receptor II (TGF-βRII, 3.5-fold) and Smad2/3 proteins in Npr1-/- mice hearts compared with WT control mice. However, treatment with TGF-β receptor antagonist, GW788388, significantly prevented the cardiac fibrosis and down-regulated the expression of fibrotic markers and Smad proteins in Npr1-/- mice compared to vehicle-treated WT controls. The results of the present study suggest that the activation of cardiac fibrosis in Npr1-/- mice is mainly triggered through TGF-β mediated Smad-dependent pathways.
The Role of Mental Model in Graphical Password Selection and Design

The aim of this paper is to present conceptual foundations for an ongoing comprehensive study on the effects of Mental Model and culture on the selection and the design of the Recognition-Based Graphical Password (RBG-P). A flexible Security, Usability, Mental (SUM) meta-model has been proposed to provide better insights on designing a usable RBG-P through manipulating the optimal equilibrium solution expanse (δ) without compromising security. This manipulation results in the design requirements, which is a consequence of the combinative effects of both the user and the designer mental models as constituted by the culture. A cognitive map has been produced to explicate the relationship between constituents of usability and security provided by the RBG-P. The development of the mental model process necessitates the building of new mindset and culture. This multifaceted relationship of the Shared Mental Model (SMM) development is represented by extrapolating of Metcalfe’s law to social networks.
Reconstruction of unidirectional strain maps via iterative signal fusion for mesoscale structures monitored by a sensing skin

Abstract Flexible skin-like membranes have received considerable research interest for the cost-effective monitoring of mesoscale (large-scale) structures. The authors have recently proposed a large-area electronic consisting of a soft elastomeric capacitor (SEC) that transduces a structure’s change in geometry (i.e. strain) into a measurable change in capacitance. The SEC sensor measures the summation of the orthogonal strains (i.e. e x + e y ). It follows that an algorithm is required for the decomposition of the sensor signal into unidirectional strain maps. In this study, a new method enabling such decomposition, leveraging a dense sensor network of SECs and resistive strain gauges (RSGs), is proposed. This method, termed iterative signal fusion (ISF), combines the large-area sensing capability of SECs and the high-precision sensing capability of RSGs. The proposed ISF method adaptively fuses the different sources of signal information (e.g. from SECs and RSGs) to build a structure’s best fit unidirectional strain maps. Each step of ISF contains an update process for strain maps based on the Kriging model. To demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method, an experimental test bench is developed, which is the largest deployment of the SEC-based sensing skin to date in terms of both size and sensor count. A network of 40 SECs deployed on a grid (5 × 8) is utilized and an optimal sensor placement algorithm is used to select the optimal RSG sensor locations within the network of SECs. Results show that the proposed ISF method is capable of reconstructing unidirectional strain maps for the experimental test plate. In addition to the experimental data, a numerical validation for the ISF method is provided through a finite element analysis model of the experimental test bench.
Intelligent Network DisRuption Analysis (INDRA): A targeted strategy for efficient interruption of hepatitis C transmissions.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global public health problem. The implementation of public health interventions (PHI) to control HCV infection could effectively interrupt HCV transmission. PHI targeting high-risk populations, e.g., people who inject drugs (PWID), are most efficient but there is a lack of tools for prioritizing individuals within a high-risk community. Here, we present Intelligent Network DisRuption Analysis (INDRA), a targeted strategy for efficient interruption of hepatitis C transmissions.Using a large HCV transmission network among PWID in Indiana as an example, we compare effectiveness of random and targeted strategies in reducing the rate of HCV transmission in two settings: (1) long-established and (2) rapidly spreading infections (outbreak). Identification of high centrality for the network nodes co-infected with HIV or > 1 HCV subtype indicates that the network structure properly represents the underlying contacts among PWID relevant to the transmission of these infections. Changes in the network's global efficiency (GE) were used as a measure of the PHI effects. In setting 1, simulation experiments showed that a 50% GE reduction can be achieved by removing 11.2 times less nodes using targeted vs random strategies. A greater effect of targeted strategies on GE was consistently observed when networks were simulated: (1) with a varying degree of errors in node sampling and link assignment, and (2) at different levels of transmission reduction at affected nodes. In simulations considering a 10% removal of infected nodes, targeted strategies were ~2.8 times more effective than random in reducing incidence. Peer-education intervention (PEI) was modeled as a probabilistic distribution of actionable knowledge of safe injection practices from the affected node to adjacent nodes in the network. Addition of PEI to the models resulted in a 2-3 times greater reduction in incidence than from direct PHI alone. In setting 2, however, random direct PHI were ~3.2 times more effective in reducing incidence at the simulated conditions. Nevertheless, addition of PEI resulted in a ~1.7-fold greater efficiency of targeted PHI. In conclusion, targeted PHI facilitated by INDRA outperforms random strategies in decreasing circulation of long-established infections. Network-based PEI may amplify effects of PHI on incidence reduction in both settings.
"Tennis elbow"; evaluation, treatment, and prevention.

This paper will assist the physical therapist in selecting and applying proper treatment for the disorder commonly referred to as "tennis elbow." The information 1) offers guidelines for determining the cause of pain; 2) assists in choosing a differential treatment plan; 3) outlines a complete, effective, and detailed rehabilitation program; and 4) includes an informative preventive program for the therapist and for the patient. The purpose of this paper is to present the information that the physical therapist needs to know in order to help the patient with "tennis elbow" return to the level of fitness necessary for participating in the athletic activity of his choice.
High Resolution EUV & Soft X-Ray Spectrometers Using Variable Groove Spacings

Spectroscopic analysis is a powerful technique for the diagnosis of temperatures and compositions of astrophysical plasmas. The EUV (100–1000A) and soft x-ray (10–100A) bands contain hundreds of potentially useful diagnostic lines. Unfortunately, traditional types of grating spectrometer become inefficient or unwieldy when adapted to stellar spectroscopy onboard a spacecraft. At grazing incidence, the required length of a high-resolution plane-grating spectrometer can easily exceed the length of the telescope feeding it. For these reasons, we have systematically explored ways to introduce a reflection grating into the converging beam formed by a given objective optical system ahead of its first focus. A spectrometer of this type results in an optical train no longer than the telescope’s existing prime-focus beam.
The Effect of Flow-Related Aneurysms on Hemorrhagic Risk of Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations.

Background Previous reports indicated an association between hemorrhagic presentation and flow-related aneurysms in arteriovenous malformation (AVM) patients. However, it remains unclear whether these flow-related aneurysms result in the hemorrhage of AVM. Objective To characterize this hemorrhage risk using our institutional experience over 25 yr. Methods We retrospectively reviewed records of patients at our institution diagnosed with AVM from 1990 to 2015. Patients without associated aneurysms (AVM only) and those with flow-related aneurysms (AVM-FA) were compared. Those with intranidal or unrelated aneurysms were excluded. Annual risk of AVM-related hemorrhage was calculated using the birth-to-treatment approach and compared using Poisson rate ratio test. Results Among 526 patients, there were 457 AVM only patients and 69 with flow-related aneurysms. AVM-FA patients were older (P = .005). AVMs with flow-related aneurysms were more likely located in the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres (P = .023 and .001, respectively). Presence of flow-related aneurysms increased the risk of presentation with subarachnoid hemorrhage (P .356). The majority of aneurysms were untreated (69.5%), and only 8 (9.8%) had ruptured presentation. At follow-up (mean = 5.3 yr), patients with flow-related aneurysms were less likely to develop seizures (P = .004). The annual risk of AVM hemorrhage was 1.33% and 1.05% for AVM only patients and AVM-FA patients, respectively (P = .248). Conclusion Despite increased risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage at presentation, there was no increased likelihood of rupture in AVMs with flow-related aneurysms. More studies are warranted, as clarifying the competing risks of AVM vs aneurysm rupture may be critical in determining optimal treatment strategy.
Iron Sharpens Iron: A Student’s Perspective on Diversity Outreach

POWER (Providing the Outside World with Empowerment and Resources), a student organization within the Texas Tech’s Collegiate Recovery Program established December 2015, elaborated on their members experience when engaging in the important effort of diversity outreach to persons in recovery from substance and alcohol use disorders and eating disorders. POWER describes their mission statement to provide a foundation and a voice for underrepresented individuals in recovery by delivering positive end results through opportunities for success with a vision to instill hope for a promising future. These members along with the director of the CCRC and another staff member shared what they have found to be most effective and ineffective when presenting to diverse groups in their community. The presenters provided educational and recovery resources used in reaching out but also the varying and tailored approaches and techniques utilized when conducting outreach work to specific marginalized populations. These materials and techniques have been honed through many presentations and experience since 2015. During their presentation, student leaders, and members of POWER, shared their own personal experiences of marginalization as well as their experience as presenters/peer leaders.
Electric Double Layer Esaki Tunnel Junction in a 40-nm-Length, WSe2 Channel Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Al203

An electric-double-layer (EDL) Esaki junction is demonstrated for the first time in a molecular beam epitaxy-grown WSe2 thin-film field-effect transistor (FET). By carefully engineering the strength and spatial extent of the electron-cation and hole-anion EDLs at the WSe2/solid polymer electrolyte polyethylene oxide: cesium perchlorate (PEO: CsCIO 4 ) interface, degenerate and abrupt doping profiles are obtained, which are key to enable interband tunneling operations. Gate-tunable negative differential resistance (NDR) is measured at temperatures up to 140 K, with a maximum peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of 3.5 at 110 K, in a 40 nm-Iong channel device.
Factors affecting the occurrence of lead and manganese in untreated drinking water from Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers, eastern United States - dissolved oxygen and pH framework for evaluating risk of elevated concentrations.

Abstract Groundwater samples collected during 2012 and 2013 from public-supply wells screened in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers of the eastern and southeastern U.S. rarely contained lead or manganese concentrations that exceeded drinking-water limits, despite having corrosive characteristics. Data indicate that the occurrence of dissolved lead and manganese in sampled groundwater, prior to its distribution or treatment, was related to several explanatory factors including the presence of source minerals, hydrologic position along the flow path, water-rock interactions, and associated geochemical conditions such as pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Elevated concentrations of lead compared to health-based benchmarks were associated with groundwater that is acidic (pH ≤ 6.5), oxygenated (DO ≥ 2 mg/L), and closer to recharge zones (relatively young water). Elevated concentrations of manganese were associated with groundwater that is acidic to neutral (pH ≤ 7.5), has low DO (
The Dark Mirror of Capital: On Post-Neoliberal Formations and the Future of Education.

This paper examines how transformations in political economy and digital technology point toward potential post-neoliberal futures. Outlining the contours of a crisis of neoliberal hegemony, the authors explore how technological developments have contributed to political economic dynamics of market failure and oligarchic capture, resulting in new forms of digital precarity. As evidence, the paper examines a specific post-neoliberal discourse called neoreactionism (NRx), which has developed out of the distinct culture of Silicon Valley. NRx represents a specific vision for resolving conflicts inherent to neoliberalism by intensifying oligarchic capture and the acceleration of technology. While NRx is a techno-authoritarian discourse that exists largely outside of mainstream academic discussions, it is indicative of how transformations in late capitalism are fueling the rise of anti-democratic consciousness and identification. In response, the authors conclude with suggestions for developing post-ne...
Improving resource mobilisation for global health R&D: a role for coordination platforms?

Achieving many of the health targets in the Sustainable Development Goals will not be possible without increased financing for global health research and development (RD facilitating information sharing about past and future investments; building in accountability mechanisms to track RD separation of coordination and financing functions; inclusion of multiple diseases; coordination across global and national efforts; development of an international R&D 'roadmap' and a strategy for the financial sustainability of the platform's secretariat.
Association of Hirschsprung's disease and imperforate anus in a patient with "cat-eye" syndrome. A report of one case and review of the literature

Association of imperforate anus and Hirschsprung's disease is rare, the incidence of both events occurring together would be one child out of every 25 million live births. A case of "cat-eye" syndrome with association of high imperforate anus and long segment Hirschsprung's disease is presented.
Comparative Analgesic Properties of Bupivacaine, Etidocaine, and Lidocaine in Mice

The analgesic properties of bupivacaine, etidocaine, and lidocaine were compared following intraperitoneal injection in mice. Two evaluations of analgesia were employed: the hot plate test and the stretch test. Doses of 75% of their corresponding CD50s produce analgesia greater than control and less than morphine sulfate 5 mg/kg. When differences in the pharmacokinetic properties of the agents are evaluated, the relative analgesic properties of the three local anesthetics appear nearly identical.
Review: The Emerging Role of Metformin as Aromatase Inhibitor in Breast Cancer

The prevalence of breast cancer is still very high among women, in particular post-menopausal women. There are many factors contributed to the diseases, including diabetes. Recently, it has been emerged that metformin, an antidiabetic agent, is capable of reducing the risk of developing breast cancer among post-menopausal women, and act as aromatase inhibitors (AIs) which inhibits the production of estrogen. In this review, we focus in discussing the possible work mechanism of metformin as AIs and what is in the pipeline on clinical trials.
Air Pollution Information Resources

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the concepts in information management that apply to any scientific field. Although most research topics are expressed in narrow terms, the volume of available resources is vast. The literature search begins by analyzing the information problem and then identifies the type of literature likely to satisfy that need. Various stages of the research process represent different phases of information transfer or dissemination, and the evolutionary process of scientific research is reflected in different publication formats. Original reports of data can span a variety of formats: scholarly journals, conference reports, dissertations, patents, and even copies of government regulations. Because of the potential scattering of relevant literature across many disciplines, a corresponding array of highly specialized and multidisciplinary indexes and abstracts serves to organize and help access the journal literature according to subject, author, and other elements. The purpose of published compilations is to identify a discipline's literature in an organized and efficient manner. Information problems encompassing more than one topic involve a series of steps well beyond quick referral to a specialty text. Computers are now routinely used to produce most significant indexes and abstracts.
Some animal models are more equal than others: Cortico-striatal circuits for translation.

Cortico-striatal circuits are at the heart of many brain disorders, which means they are often studied using neurobiological animal models. A new study uses resting-state functional connectivity to assess homologies of cortico-striatal circuits in mice, monkeys, and humans.
An examination of life insurance policy surrender and loan activity

Extant literature has explored policyowner decision‐making as it relates to both life insurance policy surrender and borrowing activity. However, researchers have not yet examined why individuals may select one option over the other. In this study, we investigate common hypotheses related to policy surrender and loan activity using approaches which allow us to examine the two options jointly while also accounting for the multidimensional nature of the decision‐making process. We offer evidence consistent with the emergency fund, alternative funds, and policy replacement hypotheses as they relate to the decision to either surrender a policy or take out a policy loan and find that differential effects exist between the two options. In particular, our findings suggest that households tend to surrender their cash value policies when longer‐term financial needs arise while temporary needs are more likely addressed with loans which keep the policy in force, each consistent with rational household decision‐making.
Interventionist discourse analysis and organizational change: a case example

This paper provides a case example of interventionist discourse analysis as a tool to provoke organizational change. I focus on one ‘nexus of practice’ [Scollon, R., & Scollon, S. (2004). Nexus ana...