cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Is Involved in Mediating the Apoptotic Effect of Cleaved High Molecular Weight Kininogen in Human Endothelial Cells

Cleaved high molecular weight kininogen (HKa) has been shown to inhibit in vivo neovascularization and induce apoptosis of endothelial cells. We have shown that HKa-induced apoptosis correlated with its antiadhesive effect and was regulated by extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. In this study, we identified the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) as a target of HKa activity at the endothelial cell surface. Anti-uPAR antibodies blocked the apoptotic effect of HKa. Further studies revealed that uPAR formed a signaling complex containing integrin α v β 3 or α 5 β 1 , caveolin, and Src kinase Yes in endothelial cells. HKa physically disrupted the formation of this complex in a manner that paralleled its apoptotic effect. For the first time, our results provide a mechanistic explanation for the previous observation that HKa selectively induces apoptosis of endothelial cells grown on vitronectin, but not cells grown on fibronectin. These data also resolve the controversial role of uPAR in mediating the apoptotic and antiadhesive activities of HKa.
The Relationship of Self-Rated Function and Self-Rated Health to Concurrent Functional Ability, Functional Decline, and Mortality: Findings from the Nun Study

We investigated the relationship of self-rated function (i.e., the ability to take care of oneself) and self-rated health to concurrent functional ability, functional decline, and mortality in participants in the Nun Study, a longitudinal study of aging andAlTjheimer's disease. A total of 629 of the 678 study participants self-rated their function and health and completed an initial functional assessment in 1991-93. Survivors completed a second assessment in 1993-94. Overall, self-rated function had a stronger relationship to functional ability at the first assessment and to functional decline between the first and second assessments than did self-rated health. Self-rated function also had a stronger relationship to mortality than did self-rated health. Self-rated function may be a better marker of global function than is self-rated health and may be a useful addition to clinical assessment and scientific investigation of the relationships among function, health, and disease. T HE concept of self-rated health, advanced in the 1950s
Dynamic advance reservation with delayed allocation over wavelength-routed networks

In this paper we investigate the problem of provisioning lightpaths for dynamic advance reservation (AR) requests in all-optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks. We propose a novel routing, slot, and wavelength assignment (RSWA) technique called single-slot advance reservation (SSAR) which takes a two phase approach, namely request provisioning phase (RPP) and request allocation phase (RAP).We compare the performance of this algorithm with a recently proposed baseline RSWA heuristic: all-slots advance reservation (ASAR) under no constraints on request duration and book-ahead times. We show that blocking in SSAR is only due to capacity constraint and simulation results show significant improvement over ASAR heuristic. Moreover SSAR has a very simple control structure, as described in detail in this paper.
Results of a technique of pancreaticojejunostomy that optimizes blood supply to the pancreas

Abstract Background: Anastomotic failure after pancreaticojejunostomy is still a common problem. Failure rates have not decreased perceptibly in the past 3 decades. The neck of the pancreas is a vascular watershed between celiac and superior mesenteric arterial systems. Prior attempts to reduce anastomotic failure at pancreaticojejunostomy have not focused on issues related to blood supply of the pancreas. The aim of this study was to determine whether pancreaticojejunostomy performed using a technique that included optimization of blood supply to the pancreas, would result in a low anastomotic failure rate. Methods: The technique was prospectively evaluated in 40 patients having pancreaticojejunostomy, 39 during pancreaticoduodenectomy and 1 after traumatic transection of the neck of the pancreas. Blood supply to the pancreatic neck was evaluated clinically and by Doppler techniques. When blood supply was considered marginal, the pancreas was re-resected 1.5–2.0 cm to the left, away from the vascular watershed. Results: Blood supply at the cut margin of pancreas was judged as brisk in 24 patients and marginal in 16 patients. Resecting a segment of pancreas in these 16 patients resulted in brisk bleeding from the new cut margin in all but 1 patient who had an anomalous artery that had to be sacrificed for oncologic reasons. The only fistula in the series occurred in this patient. There were no intraabdominal abscesses. Conclusions: A technique that includes ensuring adequate blood supply to the pancreas can result in a very low rate of anastomotic failure.
The effect of aminomethylpteroylglutamic acid on the development of skin hypersensitivity and on antibody formation in guinea pigs.

1 . In guinea pigs, aminomethylpteroylglutamic acid (methotrexate) is capable of blocking the development of delayed skin hypersensitivity, the primary antibody response, and the specific febrile response to ovalbumin and diphtheria toxoid. The primary antibody response is more easily inhibited than is the development of delayed skin hypersensitivity. 2 . The effect of methotrexate on immunologic responses depended upon the dose of methotrexate employed and the strength of the antigenic stimulus.
Kinetics of the reverse Diels-Alder reaction of dicyclopentadienecarboxylate groups on cotton cellulose

Cotton cellulose in the form of fabric has been esterified with dicyclopentadienecarboxylic acid to a degree of substitution of 0.44. The kinetics of the reverse Diels-Alder reactions of the dicyclopentadienyl groups of the resulting cellulose ester in the presence of trapping agents and of swelling and nonswelling liquids have been measured with the differential scanning calorimeter. Fiber width measurements indicate that the esterified cotton fibers are swollen in the presence of the trapping agents dibutyl maleate, N-phenylamaleimide, and N-phenylmaleimide in tetraglyme solution, and in the presence of the nonreactive swelling agents tetraglyme and glycerol. The activation parameters for the dissociations in the swollen fibers are: Ea = 28–33 kcal/mole and ΔS* = −5 to +5 e.u. These kinetic parameters are similar to those previously found for the dissociation of methyl dicyclopentadienecarboxylate in solution. Fiber width measurements indicate that the esterified cotton fibers are collapsed in the dry state and in the presence of paraffin oil, deposited Carbowax 6000, or deposited glyceryl tristearate. The activation parameters for the dissociations in the collapsed fibers are Ea = 18–24 kcal/mole and ΔS* = −20 to −30 e.u. The kinetics are discussed in terms of the state of the cellulose matrix in the swollen and in the collapsed fibers.
Teaching Students to Recruit Positive Attention: A Review and Recommendations 1

Positive teacher attention and praise are powerful influences on student performance in the classroom. But the classroom is a very busy place, a place where important efforts by students can easily go unnoticed. In such instances, an existing and potentially effective natural contingency of reinforcement is “asleep” and needs to be “woken up.” Teaching students how to recruit positive teacher attention is one way to activate dormant contingencies of reinforcement and help students take a proactive role in their learning. This paper reviews the recruiting research to date, discusses implications for practitioners, proposes a recruitment training package including strategies for promoting generalization of recruiting skills, and offers recommendations for future research.
Global reachability and path planning for planetary exploration with montgolfiere balloons

Aerial vehicles are appealing systems for possible future exploration of planets and moons such as Venus and Titan, because they combine extensive coverage with high-resolution data collection and in-situ science capabilities. Recent studies have proposed the use of a montgolfiere balloon, which controls its altitude by changing the heating rate or venting gas from the balloon, but has no actuation capability in the horizontal plane. A montgolfiere can use the variation in wind with altitude to guide itself to a desired location. This paper considers the problems of determining the altitude profile that the montgolfiere should follow in order to reach its target most quickly. We provide a new method that solves this path planning problem for all possible target locations, thereby providing a reachability analysis for the entire globe. The key idea is to perform a principled simplification and decoupling of the dynamics of the montgolfiere. We then discretize the search space, converting the planning problem into a graph search problem, and use Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate the minimum-time path from the start location to every possible location in the graph. We demonstrate the approach on a possible Titan mission scenario.
The PINK1/Parkin pathway regulates mitochondrial dynamics and function in mammalian hippocampal and dopaminergic neurons

PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin act in a common pathway to regulate mitochondrial dynamics, the involvement of which in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly being appreciated. However, how the PINK1/Parkin pathway influences mitochondrial function is not well understood, and the exact role of this pathway in controlling mitochondrial dynamics remains controversial. Here we used mammalian primary neurons to examine the function of the PINK1/Parkin pathway in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and function. In rat hippocampal neurons, PINK1 or Parkin overexpression resulted in increased mitochondrial number, smaller mitochondrial size and reduced mitochondrial occupancy of neuronal processes, suggesting that the balance of mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics is tipped toward more fission. Conversely, inactivation of PINK1 resulted in elongated mitochondria, indicating that the balance of mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics is tipped toward more fusion. Furthermore, overexpression of the fission protein Drp1 (dynamin-related protein 1) or knocking down of the fusion protein OPA1 (optical atrophy 1) suppressed PINK1 RNAi-induced mitochondrial morphological defect, and overexpression of PINK1 or Parkin suppressed the elongated mitochondria phenotype caused by Drp1 RNAi. Functionally, PINK1 knockdown and overexpression had opposite effects on dendritic spine formation and neuronal vulnerability to excitotoxicity. Finally, we found that PINK1/Parkin similarly influenced mitochondrial dynamics in rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons. These results, together with previous findings in Drosophila dopaminergic neurons, indicate that the PINK1/Parkin pathway plays conserved roles in regulating neuronal mitochondrial dynamics and function.
NMR methods for characterizing the pore structures and hydrogen storage properties of microporous carbons.

H NMR spectroscopy is used to investigate a series of microporous activated carbons derived from a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) precursor with varying amounts of burnoff (BO). In particular, properties relevant to hydrogen storage are evaluated such as pore structure, average pore size, uptake, and binding energy. High-pressure NMR with in situ H2 loading is employed with H2 pressure ranging from 100 Pa to 10 MPa. An N2-cooled cryostat allows for NMR isotherm measurements at both room temperature (∼290 K) and 100 K. Two distinct 1 H NMR peaks appear in the spectra which represent the gaseous H2 in intergranular pores and the H2 residing in micropores. The chemical shift of the micropore peak is observed to evolve with changing pressure, the magnitude of this effect being correlated to the amount of BO and therefore the structure. This is attributed to the different pressure dependence of the amount of adsorbed and non-adsorbed molecules within micropores, which experience significantly different chemical shifts due to the strong distance dependence of the ring current effect. In pores with a critical diameter of 1.2 nm or less, no pressure dependence is observed because they are not wide enough to host non-adsorbed molecules; this is the case for samples with less than 35% BO. The largest estimated pore size that can contribute to the micropore peak is estimated to be around 2.4 nm. The total H2 uptake associated with pores of this size or smaller is evaluated via a calibration of the isotherms, with the highest amount being observed at 59% BO. Two binding energies are present in the micropores, with the lower, more dominant one being on the order of 5 kJ mol -1 and the higher one ranging from 7 to 9 kJ mol -1 .
Histories in red : Ways of seeing lynching in Ecuador

In this article, I examine the ways that ongoing “spectacle” lynchings in highland Ecuador have come to generate public opposition to the country's indigenous movement and the political transformations it advocates. Focusing my analysis on the recent lynching of an Afro-Ecuadorian migrant in a small Andean town, I argue for an approach to public violence that directs attention back to the body of the victim and the significations attached to it. I draw influence from studies of U.S. lynchings to ask about the relationship between visual representations of violence and constructions of political illegitimacy in rapidly transforming social formations. [violence, lynching, media, visuality, indigenous peoples, Ecuador, Latin America]
A COMBINED ANALYTICAL‐EXPERIMENTAL TENSILE TEST TECHNIQUE FOR BRITTLE MATERIALS

A semiconventional tensile test technique is developed for impact ices and other brittle materials. Accurate results have been obtained on ultimate strength and modulus of elasticity in a refrigerated ice test. It is noted that the technique can be used to determine the physical properties of impact ices accreted inside icing wind tunnels or other brittle materials.
The nicking homing endonuclease I‐BasI is encoded by a group I intron in the DNA polymerase gene of the Bacillus thuringiensis phage Bastille

Here we describe the discovery of a group I intron in the DNA polymerase gene of Bacillus thuringiensis phage Bastille. Although the intron insertion site is identical to that of the Bacillus subtilis phages SPO1 and SP82 introns, the Bastille intron differs from them substantially in primary and secondary structure. Like the SPO1 and SP82 introns, the Bastille intron encodes a nicking DNA endonuclease of the H-N-H family, I-BasI, with a cleavage site identical to that of the SPO1-encoded enzyme I-HmuI. Unlike I-HmuI, which nicks both intronminus and intron-plus DNA, I-BasI cleaves only intron-minus alleles, which is a characteristic of typical homing endonucleases. Interestingly, the C-terminal portions of these H-N-H phage endonucleases contain a conserved sequence motif, the intron-encoded endonuclease repeat motif (IENR1) that also has been found in endonucleases of the GIY-YIG family, and which likely comprises a small DNA-binding module with a globular bbaab fold, suggestive of module shuffling between different homing endonuclease families.
Ancient Mesopotamian Urbanism and Blurred Disciplinary Boundaries

Most would agree that anthropology needs a degree of consensus and structure and, arguably, of “identity” as well. But as a discipline, its boundaries are blurred, with ongoing negotiations along its changing peripheries. Frontiers with history and the humanities are examples. Other examples are in the biological sciences, other social sciences, and public and academic policy. This article follows the form of a 65-year contextualized semiautobiography juxtaposing difficulties and ambiguities that have long characterized archaeological preoccupation with building models out of recoverable, material evidence alongside philological fidelity to the testimony of early literate records. My substantive field is ancient southern Mesopotamia, where the earliest beginnings of both urbanism and literacy can be traced. The challenge is to move beyond little more than mere coexistence toward better articulating “text” and “context” to form a more truly interdisciplinary dialogue. This approach touches on other individ...
Energy Efficient RGBW Pixel Configuration for Light-Emitting Displays

A study on LED displays has been conducted exploring a more efficient method for color generation than the traditional method. The study is comprehensive and thoroughly performed employing various sets of experiments in order to examine the functionality of the new proposed scheme which includes a literature review, theoretical modeling based on a scientific study, experimental data measurements of a developed prototype, and statistical data based on a survey. This study resulted in very interesting outcomes that may lead to a tremendous change in the existing LED display technology.
Transient electromagnetic plane wave reflection from a dielectric slab

Reflection of a transient plane wave normally incident upon a lossless dielectric slab is analyzed via the Fourier transform. The exact expression for the time-harmonic field is used in the inverse Fourier transform to obtain the transient response to a class of exponential exciting functions. Cauchy's integral theorem and the Poisson sum formula yield closed-form expressions for the unit step and impulse response functions. >
Mode conversion of ultrafast pulses by grating structures in layered dielectric waveguides

Various grating configurations are introduced to develop structures for the mode conversion of an ultrafast, ultrawide-bandwidth optical pulse propagating in a layered dielectric waveguide. Introducing a new technique for efficient, real-time mode extraction, we examine these schemes with a full-wave, vector, finite difference time domain (FDTD) Maxwell equation simulator. The resulting FDTD simulator is very flexible and accurate; it is capable of modeling the interaction of few- or many-cycle optical pulsed modes with finite, aperiodic gratings with complex material configurations. The grating structure can be tailored to the pulsed optical modes of interest with this FDTD simulator. It is used to design a composite mode-conversion grating structure that realizes a 29.45% increase in the converted mode energy for an ultrafast six-cycle optical pulse over that achieved with standard uniform grating convertors.
Neural control of intestinal ion transport and paracellular permeability is altered by nutritional status

This study examined the effect of fasting on the neural control of ion transport and paracellular permeability in piglet jejunum. Muscle-stripped tissues from fed or 48-h fasted piglets were mounted in Ussing chambers. Neural blockade with tetrodotoxin (TTX) or antagonists of muscarinic or nicotinic receptors caused reductions in basal short-circuit current that were approximately threefold greater in fasted piglets. The TTX-induced reduction in short-circuit current in fasted piglets was due to a decrease in residual ion flux and was abolished in the absence of HCO(-)(3). Intestinal paracellular permeability, as indicated by tissue conductance (G(t)) and fluxes of inulin and mannitol, was significantly increased by fasting. TTX increased inulin flux and G(t) in fed but not fasted piglets. In fasted piglets, carbachol reduced G(t) by 29% and mannitol flux by 27% but had no effect on these parameters in the fed state. We conclude that fasting enhances enteric neural control of basal ion transport and increases paracellular permeability in piglet jejunum. Tonic release of enteric neurotransmitters regulates paracellular permeability in the fed state, and cholinergic stimulation restores fasting-induced elevations in paracellular permeability to fed levels.
Using Early Childhood Wellbeing Indicators to Influence Local Policy and Services

Indicators are measures of the condition or status of populations or institutions that can be compared over time or between places and groups. In recent years, there has been growing interest in developing indicators at the local level that can reflect on the well being of children and their families in communities. Rather than being seen as the content of government reports, local indicators are typically used as tools for action and important drivers of local policy and programs. Given that much civic action and involvement are local, there is the need to bring the idea of child well being indicators down to the community level that can support civic engagement and child advocacy. Moreover, child policy manifests itself in large part locally through programs, services and institutions. Local indicators can help to shape this policy implementation toward greater effectiveness and equity.
Liquidity Across Developed and Emerging Markets

This paper analyzes market-wide liquidity using weekly data from 1990 to 2002 for a sample of 18 developed and emerging markets. The results suggest that market-wide liquidity is cross-sectionally determined by several country level variables: market returns and return volatilities, interest rates, and equity and bond portfolio country flows. Furthermore, there is evidence that the global components of these country-level variables are at least as important in explaining liquidity as country-specific information. Hence, the results support the notion of a global liquidity factor. A dynamic analysis of liquidity further confirms these variables as determinants of relative changes in liquidity. While common and country-specific factors help explain liquidity across countries and time, the pairwise correlation of changes in liquidity is low. The results from using extreme value theory to investigate whether shocks to liquidity are more strongly correlated during extreme market conditions offer no evidence of contagion.
Sexual counseling and interviewing of adolescents.

The primary care physician has an opportunity to help young patients develop a healthy sexuality. In ordr to do this he or she will need: 1) current knowledge in the field of sexuality 2) an understanding of the special characteristics and psychological stages of adolescent development 3) accurate and nonjudgmental interviewing and communication skills and 4) an awareness of his or her own views on the subject which might influence the counseling he or she could give.
Digital Dating: Online Profile Content of Older and Younger Adults

Objectives Older adults are utilizing online dating websites in increasing numbers. Adults of different ages may share motivations for companionship and affection, but dating profiles may reveal differences in adults' goals. Theories addressing age-related changes in motivation suggest that younger adults are likely to emphasize themselves, achievements, attractiveness, and sexuality. Older adults are likely to present themselves positively and emphasize their existing relationships and health. Method We collected 4,000 dating profiles from two popular websites to examine age differences in self-presentations. We used stratified sampling to obtain a sample equally divided by gender, aged 18-95 years. We identified 12 themes in the profiles using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software (Pennebaker, Booth, & Francis, 2007). Results Regression analyses revealed that older adults were more likely to use first-person plural pronouns (e.g., we, our) and words associated with health and positive emotions. Younger adults were more likely to use first-person singular pronouns (e.g., I, my) and words associated with work and achievement. Discussion Findings suggest that younger adults enhance the "self" when seeking romantic partnership. In contrast, older adults are more positive in their profiles and focus more on connectedness and relationships to others.
Absolute Isotopic Abundance Ratio and Atomic Weight of Terrestrial Rubidium.

An absolute value hsas been obtained for the isotopic abundance ratio of terrestrial rubidium, using solid-sample thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Samples of known isotopic composition, prepared from nearly isotopically pure separated rubidium isotopes, were used to calibrate the mass spectrometers. The resulting absolute 85Rb/87Rb ratio is 2.59265 ± 0.00170 which yields atom percents of: 85Rb = 72.1654 ± 0.0132 and 87Rb = 27.8346 ± 0.0132. The atomic weight calculated from this isotopic composition is 85.46776 ± 0.00026. The indicated uncertainties are overall limits of error based on 95 percent confidence limits for the mean and allowances for the effects of known sources of possible systematic error.
Specifying Models of Status Inconsistency: A Comment on Wilson and Zurcher

In a recent pair of articles, Wilson and Zurcher resurrect status inconsistency, demonstrate its importance as a concept and illustrate the methods that can be used to examine inconsistency effects. There is much to be commended in these two articles. Wilson and Zurcher discuss the problems with the past methods used to investigate inconsistency and show clearly how the Hope technique avoids these problems. They also point out the types of linear and nonlinear inconsistency effects that can be investigated with an appropriate statistical model. However, there is one serious problem with their work. In the first article of the series, Wilson does not give adequate attention to some crucial aspects of Hope's original scheme; this leads to serious methodological problems that make the results in Figure 2 and Table 2 of the first paper of questionable value in deciding the fate of inconsistency as a concept. Hope points out, and Wilson reiterates, the now familiar problems with the following equation as a representation of inconsistency in the two variable case:
Development and Application of Wind Power Dispatch Scheduling in Xinjiang Power Grid

Xinjiang has abundant wind resources and the wind power generation there is growing rapidly in the recent years.However,the difficulties of dispatching wind power have exerted considerable impacts on the security of the power grid.A wind power scheduling mode based on wind power forecasting and acceptability assessment is developed and a wind power dispatch scheduling system considering the local wind resources and the characteristics of the power grid is established on a software platform associated with wind power forecasting and thermal unit commitments integrated together.The grid security constraints and the peak regulation limits of regular generators are weighted comprehensively.By virtue of power control measures,accurate wind power dispatch scheduling is set up ahead of time.The application outcome of the system indicates that the mode can provide perspective guidance for day-ahead generation planning and real-time dispatching.
A detecting system with full fluorescence spectrum for pesticides

A measurement and analysis system is put forward by using the technologies of fiber-optic sensing,dispersion of grating and multichannel image sensing(CCD) based on fluorescence mechanism of the organic pesticide.A pulsed xenon lamp is chosen as an excitation light source.Optical fibers are used to transmit and detect fluorescence.A small-sized self-made flat field grating spectrometer is used to implement fluorescence dispersion and the high-speed data processing circuit is designed to collect signals.The experiment results are analyzed by a computer.It is used to measure the fluorescence of carbaryl.The results show that it can obtain a full fluorescence spectrum of carbaryl in a single exposure under the UV of 320nm.It has a good linear relationship in the range of 4.0×10-3～100.0×10-3 mg/L and a minimum detecting limit is 4.0×10-3 mg/L and a linear correlation coefficient r is 0.9986.The instrument is applied to measure carbaryl in river water and ground water.The recovery approaches 100%.
Glucocorticoids regulate Na+/H+ exchange expression and activity in region- and tissue-specific manner

Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) are integral membrane proteins that exchange Na+ for H+ across membranes. Four isoforms have been cloned (NHE-1-4). NHE-3 localizes to the apical domain, and its expression...
Pure red cell aplasia due to parvovirus B19 in a patient treated with rituximab

Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against CD20 and used in the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Due to its ability to deplete B lymphocytes, rituximab can interfere with humoral immunity, causing it to be suppressed for several months after treatment. The reported case depicts a serious consequence of this effect of rituximab therapy: pure red cell aplasia resulting from chronic parvovirus B19 infection. The point of interest in this case is not only the association between rituximab therapy and pure red cell aplasia, but the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of the knowledge of parvovirus B19 as the likely etiologic link between the two. Given the known efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in the treatment of chronic parvovirus B19 infection, this therapy can cure some of these patients and successfully render most others transfusion-independent until recovery of their own humoral immune system.
Avian Leukosis Virus Activation of an Antisense RNA Upstream of TERT in B-Cell Lymphomas.

UNLABELLED Avian leukosis virus (ALV) induces tumors by integrating its proviral DNA into the chicken genome and altering the expression of nearby genes via strong promoter and enhancer elements. Viral integration sites that contribute to oncogenesis are selected in tumor cells. Deep-sequencing analysis of B-cell lymphoma DNA confirmed that the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene promoter is a common ALV integration target. Twenty-six unique proviral integration sites were mapped between 46 and 3,552 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the TERT transcription start site, predominantly in the opposite transcriptional orientation to TERT Transcriptome-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of normal bursa revealed a transcribed region upstream of TERT in the opposite orientation, suggesting the TERT promoter is bidirectional. This transcript appears to be an uncharacterized antisense RNA. We have previously shown that TERT expression is upregulated in tumors with integrations in the TERT promoter region. We now report that the viral promoter drives the expression of a chimeric transcript containing viral sequences spliced to exons 4 through 7 of this antisense RNA. Clonal expansion of cells with ALV integrations driving overexpression of the TERT antisense RNA suggest it may have a role in tumorigenesis. IMPORTANCE The data suggest that ALV integrations in the TERT promoter region drive the overexpression of a novel antisense RNA and contribute to the development of lymphomas.
Fragmentation of Rapid Eye Movement and Nonrapid Eye Movement Sleep without Total Sleep Loss Impairs Hippocampus-Dependent Fear Memory Consolidation.

Study objectives Sleep is important for consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memories. It is hypothesized that the temporal sequence of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is critical for the weakening of nonadaptive memories and the subsequent transfer of memories temporarily stored in the hippocampus to more permanent memories in the neocortex. A great body of evidence supporting this hypothesis relies on behavioral, pharmacological, neural, and/or genetic manipulations that induce sleep deprivation or stage-specific sleep deprivation. Methods We exploit an experimental model of circadian desynchrony in which intact animals are not deprived of any sleep stage but show fragmentation of REM and NREM sleep within nonfragmented sleep bouts. We test the hypothesis that the shortening of NREM and REM sleep durations post-training will impair memory consolidation irrespective of total sleep duration. Results When circadian-desynchronized animals are trained in a hippocampus-dependent contextual fear-conditioning task they show normal short-term memory but impaired long-term memory consolidation. This impairment in memory consolidation is positively associated with the post-training fragmentation of REM and NREM sleep but is not significantly associated with the fragmentation of total sleep or the total amount of delta activity. We also show that the sleep stage fragmentation resulting from circadian desynchrony has no effect on hippocampus-dependent spatial memory and no effect on hippocampus-independent cued fear-conditioning memory. Conclusions Our findings in an intact animal model, in which sleep deprivation is not a confounding factor, support the hypothesis that the stereotypic sequence and duration of sleep stages play a specific role in long-term hippocampus-dependent fear memory consolidation.
Structure-Based Mechanism for Oxidative Decarboxylation Reactions Mediated by Amino Acids and Heme Propionates in Coproheme Decarboxylase (HemQ)

Coproheme decarboxylase catalyzes two sequential oxidative decarboxylations with H2O2 as the oxidant, coproheme III as substrate and cofactor, and heme b as the product. Each reaction breaks a C—C bond and results in net loss of hydride, via steps that are not clear. Solution and solid-state structural characterization of the protein in complex with a substrate analog revealed a highly unconventional H2O2-activating distal environment with the reactive propionic acids (2 and 4) on the opposite side of the porphyrin plane. This suggested that, in contrast to direct C—H bond cleavage catalyzed by a high-valent iron intermediate, the coproheme oxidations must occur through mediating amino acid residues. A tyrosine that hydrogen bonds to propionate 2 in a position analogous to the substrate in ascorbate peroxidase is essential for both decarboxylations, while a lysine that salt bridges to propionate 4 is required solely for the second. A mechanism is proposed in which propionate 2 relays an oxidizing equivale...
Timing and Spacing of Work as Predictors of Confidence in Self-Paced, Online Teacher Professional Development

In this study, the authors examine two aspects of the timing of work in an online, self-paced PD: (a) the time at which a majority of overall work is completed by participants, and (b) the frequency of work across the course timeframe. In the study, 42 middle-school teachers participated in an online PD to support novice teachers in increasing their confidence with the implementation of a problem-based, blended learning curriculum. The authors forward two novel measurement methods to examine the effects of timing of work on confidence using online server interaction logs. The findings challenge conventional assumptions about when work is completed and the perceived benefits of spreading out work over long periods of time.
An empirical model of Onecut binding activity at the sea urchin SM50 C-element gene regulatory region

Studying the formation of endoskeleton in many species is complex and difficult. The sea urchin embryo offers an unparalleled platform for understanding this process because of the ease with which its skeletogenic mesenchyme cells can be manipulated. In this study, preliminary evidence from biochemical studies towards understanding the role of the Onecut transcription factor during sea urchin skeletogenic mesenchyme cell specification is presented. Based on the evidence, an empirical model is proposed showing how Onecut, together with associated co-factors, may be using the C-element of the SM50 gene regulatory region in advance of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus spicule development. In the model, Onecut recognizes and binds the DNA sequence CATCGATCTC in the C-element without temporal restriction. Onecut then utilizes different sets of co-factors to switch from its unknown function early in development (four cell stage to the mesenchyme blastula stage), to its known role in the oral-aboral boundary thereafter. At the writing of this report, definitive evidence as to whether the "early" factors are expressed in all cells except the micromere lineages, or whether the "late" factors are expressed in micromere descendants or ectodermal precursors only are lacking. The former would suggest a possible Onecut repression function for the early co-factors outside the micromere lineages; the latter scenario would suggest a Onecut activation function for the late co-factors in the presumptive ciliary band.
Deducing the Adsorption Geometry of Rhodamine 6G from the Surface-Induced Mode Renormalization in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy probes adsorbates on a plasmonic substrate and offers high sensitivity with molecular identification capabilities. In this study, we present a refined methodology for considering the supporting substrate in the computation of the Raman spectra. The supporting substrate is taken into account by employing a periodic slab model when doing the geometry optimization and normal mode analysis, and then the Raman spectrum is calculated for the isolated molecule but with the normal modes from the surface structure. We find that the interaction with the surface induces internal distortion in the molecule, and spectral shifts in the computed Raman spectrum. By comparing a low temperature surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurement of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) with the computed Raman spectra of a series of adsorption geometries, we propose that the binding state captured in the experiment tends to possess the least internal distortion. This binding state involves upward orientation of...
Inverse Problems for Dispersive Biological Media

Recently electromagnetic pulses with widths of picoseconds, 10−12 s, and even femtoseconds, 10−15 s, have become available. This opens a new field of inquiry called ultrafast spectroscopy. This new family of tools also provides new ways to look at old problems. This note will present a tutorial review of how these pulses together with inverse problems may enable scientists to address certain biological problems.
The Organizational Consequences of Divergent Perceptions of Diversity

Diversity is vital to organizations, and academics have devoted considerable attention to understanding the promotion and effects of diversity within organizations. But much discourse on diversity ...
A comparison of ground-penetrating radar, magnetic gradiometer and electromagnetic induction survey techniques at House in the Horseshoe State Historic Site

Abstract In 2013 and 2014, University students and faculty joined with the North Carolina Office of State Archaeology and Historic Sites Division to expand upon previous archaeological work at House in the Horseshoe using geophysical methods. 2,840 square meters of the site were surveyed using Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR), magnetic gradiometer, and electromagnetic induction (EMI) meter with the goal of determining which sensors perform best when identifying historic site features in fine sandy loam and in what combination. The instruments identified four structure areas that were ground truthed to confirm anomaly source and determine cultural association. GPR precisely identified the depth and extent of a large historic pit and a smokehouse floor, and was well paired with the gradiometer, which offered additional clues as to the intact extent and exposure of features to intense heat. Conductivity and magnetic susceptibility images at House in the Horseshoe provided a view of many objects close to the surface that GPR and gradiometer were less effectively able to articulate. Survey results from this study, paired with excavation data, provide excellent examples of how typical historic features might appear within different geophysical images, serving as an interpretive data source for others who wish to use geophysical methods to map, interpret, and understand the hidden cultural landscape present on a historic site.
Phosphorylation of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) by calmodulin dependent protein kinase protein kinase C and cAMP dependent protein kinase

Phosphorylation of pure cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) was achieved in vitro using Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II), protein kinase C (PKC) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). The stoichiometry and time-course of phosphorylation were determined. CaM kinase II was the most efficient enzyme capable of catalyzing this phosphorylation reaction: the maximum incorporation of 32PO4 was 0.8 mol/mol CYP2E1 in 20 min. PKA phosphorylated a maximum of 0.7 mol of 32PO4/mol of cytochrome within 60 min. The phosphorylation by PKC reached a maximum of 0.19 mol of 32PO4/mol of cytochrome and this occurred within a few minutes of incubation. Limited digestion by S. aureus V8 protease (SAP) of CYP2E1, which had been phosphorylated by either PKA and PKC, yielded a single major phosphopeptide with an M(r) of approximately 18,000. Limited digestion of CYP2E1, that had been phosphorylated by CaM kinase II, yielded phosphorylated polypeptides with M(r) of approximately 18,000 and 15,000. These results raise the possibility that these three kinases may be involved in the regulation of CYP2E1.
Legal Theory and Semiotics: On The Origins of Legal Semiotics

Two semiotic regions of importance are opened for legal semiotic approaches: person and personhood, or: legal subjectand legal person; individual and corporation. They are keys to modern politics in relation (as the CLS movement correctly understood) with the understanding of an engenderment of the self, as Kant, Hobbes and others initiated, and with the understanding of personhood as a politico-socio-juridical issue of modern globalizing culture. The latter item leads to an extensive and critical view on the US “Citizens United” judgment, which not only influences major regions of the political landscape and the election of the Presidency in the US, but also profiles a new politics paradigm on the basis of a “semiotics of manipulation” supported by law.
Calidad universitaria: actitudes y creencias de alumnos de 4º de EM respecto de un subgrupo de universidades de la V Región.

This investigation was aimed to analyze the most important attitudes and cognitive associations a target group recognizes respect to the quality of four universities at the Fifth Region of Chile. To that end, it was necessary to identify the main attributes high school students connect to universities’ quality and establish their attitudes about the selected universities and those attributes. The study found a positive response to institutional prestige, high quality professors and good labor future opportunities and a negative one to strikes and mobilizations since they always affect the desirable conditions associated with universities’ quality. All these beliefs are ordered in one consistent hierarchy. Unexpected dimensions such as “good environment within the university” and “quality of life” seem to be strongly considered as constitutive attributes of quality by future university students.
Alternative Lixiviant for Copper Leaching from Chalcopyrite Concentrate

This study investigated leaching kinetics by alternative lixiviants for copper leaching from chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), the most abundant copper resource in the world. As a refractory sulfide mineral, chalcopyrite shows low copper extraction due to passivation on chalcopyrite surface. Also, decrease of copper grade with high portion chalcopyrite requires the alternative leaching procedure to increase copper recovery. Therefore, alternative lixiviants such as sulfurous acid and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) were tested for both concentrate and low grade ore to enhance copper extraction. Also, an oxidant, hydrogen peroxide, was compared to ferric to find out the improvement of leaching kinetic. In concentrate leaching tests, 30 g/L MSA showed the highest copper extraction (47%), compared to other lixiviants at 75 °C. Periodical H2O2 addition enhanced copper extraction, and above 90% of copper extraction was observed within 96 h by periodical addition of 0.6% H2O2 at 75 °C. The activation energy of chalcopyrite leaching by MSA and H2O2 achieved 40 kJ/mol, which is chemical reaction control. The results of low grade ore leaching tests indicates that no significant difference among lixiviants (H2SO4, H2SO3 and MSA) with ferric was observed, all of which achieved around 37% within 24 h at room temperature. However, significant increase of copper extraction (>80%) was observed at both 20 g/L MSA and 10 g/L H2SO4 conditions by the addition of 10% H2O2.
A conserved principle of glial organization in the paleocortex and neocortex

Abstract Neocortical and paleocortical neurons perform complex computations that depend on the architecture of the circuits and the environment in which they are embedded. The environment is largely governed by glial cells, and previous work has shown that the number of glial cells under a square mm depends on thickness of the neocortex, irrespective of the species. We wondered if this might be a principle of glial organization. To this end, we investigated if the paleocortex, which differs from the neocortex in its architecture, nevertheless obeys the same principle. We quantified the number of glial cells in the anterior piriform cortex, a paleocortical circuit subserving olfaction, across six mammalian species, using stereology and light microscopy. We found two orderly relationships across species. First, just like the neocortex, the number of glial cells per mm2 increased proportionally with cortical thickness, although the paleocortex had a higher density of glial cells. Second, the number of glia was proportional to piriform cortex size, indicating a conserved principle of organization across species. In conclusion, our findings show that glial cells are organized similarly in neocortex and paleocortex, although at different densities, likely reflecting local computational demands.
Advertising: Looking Glass or Molder of the Masses?:

This paper reviews the literature in an attempt to discover what we know about the extent to which consumer advertising affects American society and culture. The historical and available research e...
Matrix Choosability

Let F be a finite field with pc elements, let A be a n×n matrix over F, and let k be a positive integer. When is it true that for all X1, ?, Xn?F with |Xi|=k+1 and for all Y1, ?, Yn?F with |Yi|=k, there exist x?X1×?×Xn and y?(F\Y1)×?×(F\Yn) such that Ax=y? It is trivial that A has this property for k=pc?1 if det(A)?0. The permanent lemma of Noga Alon proves that if perm(A)?0, then A has this property for k=1. We will present a theorem which generalizes both of these facts, and then we will apply our theorem to prove “choosability” generalizations of Jaeger's 4-flow and 8-flow theorems in Zkp.
Suppression of FVIII Antibody Production By FVIII BAR T-Cell in Vitro in the Presence of Inhibitors

To modulate B-cell responsiveness to FVIII, we previously generated cytotoxic cells expressing FVIII C2 or A2 immunodominant domains as chimeric receptors. We termed these antigen-expressing engineered T cells, "BARs", for B-cell Antibody Receptor. These CD8 T cells directly interact and kill FVIII-specific B cells and anti-FVIII hybridomas in prophylactic experiments in vitro and in vivo. It was not known whether these BAR CD8s could function or would be blocked in the presence of circulating antibodies to the expressed BAR domains. To test this, we cultured FVIII C2 or A2 BAR CD8 T cell with a mixture of monoclonal antibodies specific for these domains (up to 10 BU), and then added them to spleen cells from FVIII-immunized mice. These spleen cells were then re-stimulated with FVIII and the antibody response was determined after 5 days. Our results showed that these BAR CD8 T cells were not blocked in their ability to suppress the antibody response to FVIII under these conditions. Coupled with the observation that BAR-T cells can be stimulated to proliferate by anti-FVIII monoclonals, these results suggest that BAR cytotoxic activity may still be effective in the presences of inhibitors. (Supported by NIH grant R01 HL126727) Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.