cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Androgen deprivation therapy: evidence-based management of side effects.

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The benefits of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are well recognized and a multitude of studies have documented the benefits of ADT in conjunction with other therapies. Given the widespread use of ADT due to its important clinical implications, it is imperative that clinicians understand the side effects to limit treatment-related morbidity. There are numerous well recognized adverse effects of ADT, including vasomotor flushing, loss of libido and impotence, fatigue, gynaecomastia, anaemia, osteoporosis and metabolic complications, as well as effects on cardiovascular health and bone density. Present study focuses on the most recent evidence-based treatment options for various side effects of ADT. Objective To familiarize clinicians with the various side effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The present study focuses on the most recent evidence-based treatment strategies for the common side effects of ADT. Methods A PubMed database search was conducted from 2000 to 2012. All prospective clinical studies were selected, including randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, as well as meta-analysis studies concerning preventive and therapeutic interventions for various side effects of ADT. ‘The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence’ classification system for treatment benefits was used to categorize selected studies. Results Gabapentin shows moderate efficacy for the long-term treatment of hot flashes in a dose-dependent manner. A combined resistance/aerobic exercise programme leads to significant improvement in fatigue, sexual function and cognitive function. A home-based/group exercise programme also improves fatigue and unfavourable metabolic changes. Denosumab increases lumbar spine, hip and radius bone mass density, and also reduces the risk of vertebral fractures in men receiving ADT for non-metastatic prostate cancer. Metformin coupled with lifestyle intervention is a safe, well-tolerated intervention for adverse metabolic changes. Toremifene improves the lipid profile. Intermittent ADT improves early side effects, such as hot flashes, sexual activity, fatigue, and quality of life, although its effect on long-term side effects remains inconclusive. Conclusion Despite significant improvement in management strategies for the side effects of ADT, the best way of preventing side effects is to use ADT only when it is absolutely indicated.
Efficient Verification for Provably Secure Storage and Secret Sharing in Systems Where Half the Servers Are Faulty

We present new decentralized storage systems that are resilient to arbitrary failures of up to a half of all servers and can tolerate a computationally unbounded adversary. These are the first such results with space requirements smaller than those of full replication without relying on cryptographic assumptions. We also significantly reduce share sizes for robust secret-sharing schemes with or without an honest dealer, again without cryptographic assumptions. A major ingredient in our systems is an information verification scheme that replaces hashing (for storage systems) or information checking protocols (for secret sharing). Together with a new way of organizing verification information, this allows us to use a simple majority algorithm to identify with high probability all servers whose information hasn’t been corrupted.
Association of serum albumin and atherosclerosis in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Abstract Background: Because cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and hypoalbuminemia predicts mortality, hypoalbuminemia may be associated with atherosclerosis. Methods: In 1,411 patients enrolled in the HEMO study, associations of albumin with the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and any one of the three conditions at baseline were examined using multivariable logistic regression models. Results: In the two-slope model, when albumin level was 3.6 g/dL (36 g/L) or greater, with each 1-g/dL (10-g/L) increase in albumin level the odds for CAD (odds ratio [OR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17 to 0.59), PVD (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.80), CVD (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.73), and any one of the three conditions (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.44) decreased. When albumin level was less than 3.6 g/dL (36 g/L), none of the conditions was statistically significantly associated with each 1-g/dL (10-g/L) increase in albumin level. When normal- and low-albumin groups were compared with each other, patients with albumin levels less than 3.6 g/dL (36 g/L) had a higher association with CAD (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.70) and for any one of the three conditions (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.78). Conclusion: The odds for atherosclerosis linearly decreased as albumin level increased in the normal-albumin group, and a plateau was seen in the low-albumin group; however, the low-albumin group had significantly greater CAD. The nonlinearity of association of albumin level with prevalence of atherosclerosis might be due to the cross-sectional nature of the study of higher mortality with hypoalbuminemia. © 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Adolescent abortion and parental notification: evidence for the importance of family functioning on the perceived quality of parental involvement in U.S. families.

This study was an investigation of the relationship between family variables and the perceived quality of parental involvement following parental notification of an adolescent's decision to have an abortion. Demographics, family religiosity, and family functioning variables were examined. Pregnant adolescent clients from seven abortion clinics in three states completed a survey assessing their perception of the quality of parental involvement and the family variables. Only family functioning variables were significantly related to the perceived quality of parental involvement. Family adaptability (the family's ability to change its power structure, role relationships, and relationship rules in response to situational and developmental stress) was the most predictive. Adolescents from adaptable families had a more positive experience with parental involvement than adolescents from less adaptable families.
Oral Benzo[a]pyrene: Understanding Pharmacokinetics, Detoxication, and Consequences—Cyp1 Knockout Mouse Lines as a Paradigm

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a prototypical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH); this ubiquitous environmental carcinogenic agent is found in tobacco smoke, charcoal-grilled foods, and PAH-contaminated surfaces of roofs, playgrounds, and highways. Cytochrome P450 1 wild-type, Cyp1a2(−/−), Cyp1b1(−/−), or Cyp1a2/1b1(−/−) knockouts, and mice with Cyp1a1 expression deleted in hepatocytes can ingest large oral BaP doses (125 mg/kg/d) without apparent toxicity. Cyp1a1(−/−) and Cyp1a1/1a2(−/−) knockouts and mice with Cyp1a1 expression deleted in gastrointestinal (GI) tract epithelial cells develop immunotoxicity and die within 32 days, indicating that GI tract inducible CYP1A1 is absolutely required for detoxication of oral BaP. Cyp1a1/1b1(−/−) and Cyp1a1/1a2/1b1(−/−) mice are rescued from immunosuppression and early death due to absent metabolic activation of BaP by CYP1B1 in immune cells. Ten-fold lower oral BaP doses result in adenocarcinoma of the proximal small intestine (PSI) in Cyp1a1(−/−) mice; Cyp1a1/1b1(−/−) double-knockout mice show no PSI cancer but develop squamous cell carcinoma of the preputial gland duct (PGD). BaP-metabolizing CYP1B1 in the PSI and CYP3A59 in the PGD are the most likely candidates to participate in tumor initiation in the epithelial cells of these two tissues; oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes upregulated and downregulated during tumorigenesis are completely different between these tissues. This “oral BaP Cyp1” mouse paradigm represents a powerful teaching tool, showing that gene-environment interactions depend on route-of-administration: the same oral, but not intraperitoneal, BaP exposure leads to dramatic differences in target-organ toxicity and tumor type as a function of dose and Cyp1 genotype.
Bachelor of applied science: an innovative degree program

The Associate of Applied Science (A.A.S.) degree often is considered a terminal degree, used to gain access to the workforce. There are a number of technical A.A.S. degrees leading to employment in the broader engineering community. Many individuals who originally gained entrance into the engineering workforce via these degrees have successful careers-up to a point. In the authors' experience, significant numbers of people face the requirement of additional degree qualifications before advancement in job responsibilities or career change can occur. Unfortunately, the poor transferability of the A.A.S. degree coursework into Bachelor of Science engineering or engineering technology programs greatly inhibits people from pursuing a new degree. This paper provides details of Arizona State University's successful Bachelor of Applied Science (B.A.S.) program and how it serves this special portion of the engineering workforce. Only a few years old, the B.A.S.'s engineering-related concentrations have already produced satisfied and successful graduates. The majority of the coursework is technical and is drawn from existing ABET-accredited engineering technology programs.
A Nonlinear Model for Phase Noise and Jitter in LC Oscillators

In the presence of high-power environmental noise, such as that present in the common substrate and on the power and ground (P/G) rails of a system-on-a-chip (SOC), the current-to-phase relationship for an LC oscillator cannot be assumed linear. This paper presents a simple nonlinear modification to the well-established linear time-variant (LTV) model for phase noise that facilitates a more accurate prediction of oscillator phase noise and jitter in the presence of high-power noise. For low-power noise, this nonlinear model simplifies to the LTV metric. The accuracy of the proposed analytical model is verified through the simulation of a 10 GHz Colpitts oscillator in a 0.18mum CMOS process.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance guided electrophysiology studies

Catheter ablation is a first line treatment for many cardiac arrhythmias and is generally performed under x-ray fluoroscopy guidance. However, current techniques for ablating complex arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia are associated with suboptimal success rates and prolonged radiation exposure. Pre-procedure 3D CMR has improved understanding of the anatomic basis of complex arrhythmias and is being used for planning and guidance of ablation procedures. A particular strength of CMR compared to other imaging modalities is the ability to visualize ablation lesions. Post-procedure CMR is now being applied to assess ablation lesion location and permanence with the goal of indentifying factors leading to procedure success and failure. In the future, intra-procedure real-time CMR, together with the ability to image complex 3-D arrhythmogenic anatomy and target additional ablation to regions of incomplete lesion formation, may allow for more successful treatment of even complex arrhythmias without exposure to ionizing radiation. Development of clinical grade CMR compatible electrophysiology devices is required to transition intra-procedure CMR from pre-clinical studies to more routine use in patients.
Estradiol up-regulates estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor gene expression in specific ovine uterine cells.

The regulation of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) genes is critical to estrogen and progesterone responsiveness of the uterus during the estrous cycle. A low dose of estradiol, given to ovariectomized ewes to mimic the preovulatory estrogen surge, acutely enhanced ER and PR gene expression in most uterine cells. Estradiol effects were measured at 12, 24, and 48 h post-injection (n = 6 ewes per time) with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Whereas vehicle-treated ovariectomized ewes demonstrated low to moderate ER and PR mRNA and protein expression, estradiol enhanced PR mRNA and protein expression (at 12 h and 24 h, respectively) more rapidly than ER mRNA and protein expression (at 24 h and 48 h, respectively) in most uterine cells. However, the timing and extent of the estradiol response depended partly upon cell type (epithelial, stromal, or myometrial), cell region (luminal, superficial, middle, or deep endometrial or myometrial), adjacent cells, and prior progesterone treatment. For example, PR mRNA up-regulation was prolonged in middle and deep endometrial stroma, but increases in PR protein expression were highest in superficial and middle endometrial compartments, including the luminal epithelium. The luminal epithelium and myometrium were unique in that estradiol failed to up-regulate ER gene expression within them. ER mRNA levels rose within these compartments only when estradiol followed steroid hormone treatment designed to induce an artificial estrous cycle (estradiol-progesterone-estradiol [EPE] treatment). The EPE treatment also augmented the rise in ER mRNA concentrations within stromal cells compared to estradiol treatment alone. Within uterine cell compartments, subpopulations of adjacent cells showed distinct estradiol responses, e.g., very high levels of ER and PR gene expression within stromal cells directly underlying glandular epithelial cells. Because the estradiol response did not always correlate with initial ER protein levels and was partly dependent upon cell compartment and adjacent cells, we must conclude that direct transcriptional and/or posttranscriptional actions of estradiol cooperate with other cellular and paracrine regulatory factors to regulate ER and PR gene expression and, thus, the steroid responsiveness of uterine cells.
Relationship between Gsα Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Splice Variants and the Molecular Forms of Gsa Protein in Rat Brown Adipose Tissue

Recent work indicates that multiple molecular forms of Gsα can be produced by alternative splicing of a primary Gsα transcript. This study examined the pattern of expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding the large (Gsα) and small (Gsα) molecular forms of G8a in several rat tissues, including brown adipose tissue. In all tissues examined, Gsα.L mRNA was most abundant. This was most pronounced for brain tissue (95% of total), and least for brown adipose tissue (57%). The pattern of Gsα isoform expression of a given tissue was strongly correlated with the GBa mRNA splicing pattern in that tissue. Cold exposure and surgical denervation are treatments that have been shown to, respectively, increase or decrease total Gsα mRNA in rat brown adipose tissue. Despite producing up to 4- fold differences in total Gsα mRNA, these treatments did not affect the proportions of Gsα mRNA splice variants in brown fat. In contrast, perinatal stimulation of brown fat was associated with changes in the splicing pattern of ...
Historical pragmatism and the internet

This article argues that the literature describing the internet revolution in the 1990s was characterized by the rhetoric of the technological sublime. This rhetoric suffered from three fatal flaws: (1) it was not sufficiently grounded in the historical development of technology; (2) it viewed the internet in isolation, failing to consider the wider technological context; and (3) it failed to examine the internet in view of the social, economic, religious and political circumstances of its users. Several examples from history are cited, demonstrating that changes in various systems for the production, dissemination and preservation of cultural information both border and deborder the world. The article suggests that if internet researchers take a pragmatic, historically grounded approach, they will discover that the introduction of internet technology can be seen to have similar consequences. While the technology overcomes many boundaries (of space and time, politics and economics), other social borders m...
Pediatric Procedural Approach-Avoidance Coping and Distress: A Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis

Objective To evaluate the construct validity of children's approach-avoidance coping and distress during immunizations, and to examine the instruments used to assess these domains. Methods We used a multitrait-multimethod matrix to examine the validity of the approach-avoidance coping and distress constructs for 62 4- to 6-year-old children receiving immunization injections. Assessment instruments of both constructs consisted of child, parent, and nurse ratings, and three behavior observation scales. Results Pediatric procedural distress demonstrated adequate convergent and discriminant validity, and it can be assessed in a valid manner. Whereas most approach-avoidance measures demonstrated good convergent validity, several measures did not adequately distinguish between avoidance and distress. Conclusions It is possible that children's approach-avoidance coping may be qualitatively different than adult's approach-avoidance. Researchers should be cognizant of these differences when designing treatments for child procedural distress.
Dr. Israel Cuellar (1946-2008).

On September 7th, 2008, the mental health field lost a trailblazing researcher and clinician as he lost his battle with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig's disease. Dr. Israel Cuellar made significant contributions to the study of acculturation including its importance in delivering appropriate mental health services to diverse populations. In particular, the construction of the Acculturation Scale for Mexican Americans-II (Cuellar, Arnold, & Maldonado, 1995) has been and continues to be one of the most important instruments in the measurement of the acculturation process. It remains the most utilized instrument for measuring acculturation for Mexican Americans. For many of us in the mental health field, particularly those of us with an interest and passion to find ways to best serve the Latina/o population, he will remain an inspiration.
Simulations of Quasigeostrophic Currents Derived from Satellite Altimetry and Acoustic Tomography of an Open Ocean Region

Abstract Acoustic tomography (AT) and satellite altimetry (SA) measure properties of the ocean state with high temporal resolution. That makes these data suitable for long-term monitoring of mesoscale features in the open ocean regions, where the open boundaries are the major sources of model forecast uncertainties on timescales larger than 1 week. In this paper, a finite-difference quasigeostrophic model of an open ocean region is considered as a possible tool for interpolating AT–SA data in space and time. The assimilation algorithm is based upon the 4D variational data assimilation scheme controlled by the initial and boundary conditions of the model. The model configuration used in the simulations corresponds to the AT array deployed by the Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC) in the region of the Kuroshio Extension in 1997. Twin data experiments show that mesoscale features in an area of 1000 km × 1000 km can be effectively monitored by five acoustic transceivers, measuring reciprocal...
Problems and Projects in the Theory (and Practice) of Evidence Law

“As for the philosophers, they make imaginary laws for imaginary commonwealths; and their discourses are as the stars, which give little light, because they are so high,” Francis Bacon wrote in 1605. Even today, more than four centuries later, Bacon’s complaint still resonates. Now, as then, the writings of philosophers — even of philosophers of law, who might be expected to be a little more grounded in the real world — all too often “give little light, because they are so high.” I will show, however, that epistemological ideas really can illuminate real-life legal issues.
Cannabis Abuse Is Increasing and Associated with Increased Emergency Department Utilization in Gastroenterology Patients

The role of cannabinoids in gastrointestinal diseases is controversial and of great interest, yet their use in patients has not been critically examined. To determine the prevalence and effects of cannabis abuse on healthcare utilization, as measured by emergency department (ED) visits, in a large, tertiary gastroenterology practice. All patients seen in the gastroenterology clinic at a tertiary care center during a 27-year period (1986–2013) were included in our study to determine the overall prevalence of cannabis abuse. We matched cannabis abusers 1:2 with non-abusing controls to determine the effect of cannabis on ED utilization, our primary outcome. We used multivariate linear regression to adjust for confounders and define the independent effect of cannabis abuse on ED utilization. Our prevalence study cohort included 190,303 GI clinic patients with an overall cannabis abuse prevalence of 0.80 % (1520 patients). From 1986 to 2012, the prevalence of cannabis abuse in this clinic increased by 0.73 % (0.03 %/year) (p < 0.0001). From the 1520 cannabis abusers identified, 467 patients were randomly selected as cases and were matched to 934 controls. From this retrospective cohort, the median ED visits/year for cannabis abusers was 1.88 versus 0.89 for non-abusers (p < 0.0001). After multivariate adjustment, cannabis abuse was associated with a 1.47-fold increase (95 % CI 1.23–1.76, p < 0.0001) in median ED visits/year. Reported cannabis abuse in GI clinic patients is less prevalent than in the adult US population, but is increasing. Cannabis abuse among gastroenterology patients is associated with increased ED visits.
Characterization of Kuratowski 14-Sets

(1971). Characterization of Kuratowski 14-Sets. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 78, No. 4, pp. 362-367.
Social Loafing and the Group-Evaluation Effect: Effect of Dissimilarity in a Social-Comparison Standard

Group performance of 52 college students was motivated simply by the potential for group evaluation, regardless of the similarity or dissimilarity of persons comprising the social-comparison standard.
Sodium-dependent bicarbonate absorption by cortical thick ascending limb of rat kidney.

In vitro microperfusion experiments were performed to investigate the mechanism of bicarbonate absorption in the cortical thick ascending limb of the rat. Tubules were perfused at 1.0-1.5 nl X min-...
Ischemia, Reperfusion, and White Blood Cell Function in the Microcirculation

Even under normal physiological conditions, the presence of leukocytes in microvessels influences local flow field and perfusion. Entry of leukocytes into capillaries may temporarily interrupt red cell motion. In capillaries, leukocytes move with a lower velocity than red cells, which leads to accumulation of erythrocytes upstream of the leukocyte and a plasma region downstream. Leukocyte adhesion to the post-capillary endothelium may also reduce microvascular perfusion. Consequently leukocytes may cause elevation of whole organ resistance.
“Documentary: Subservience to Journalism?”: A Panel Discussion with Miriam Bale, Robert Greene, and Eric Hynes

The following is a transcription of the panel “Documentary: Subservience to Journalism?” which was held at the Based on a True Story Conference at Reynolds Journalism Institute at the University of Missouri on February 27, 2014.1
An Examination of the Role of Objective Self-Awareness on Cosmetic Surgery Motivations

Sociopsychological research over the past four decades provides robust evidence for the existence of a pervasive physical attractiveness stereotype, illustrated by the phrase what is beautiful is good (Dion, Bersceid, and Walster 1972). Accordingly, individuals place particular importance on their personal appearance and try to improve their self-representations (Foustanos et al. 2007). Cosmetic surgery, considered to effectively contribute to the improvement of physical attractiveness, is one of the fastest-growing medical practices in the world (Pentina et al. 2009). However, consumer research literature on this topic is extremely sparse (Slevec and Tiggemann 2010). The present research aims to address the question of what motivates individuals to pursue cosmetic procedures. Objective self-awareness (OSA) is the theoretical basis for this research, as it provides a better understanding of the reasons why people conform their beliefs and behaviors to those of the larger society.
CROMqs: an infinitesimal successive refinement lossy compressor for the quality scores

Massive amounts of sequencing data are being generated thanks to advances in sequencing technology and a dramatic drop in the sequencing cost. Much of the data are comprised of nucleotides and the corresponding quality scores that indicate their reliability. The latter are more difficult to compress and are themselves noisy. As a result, lossy compression of the quality scores has recently been proposed to alleviate the storage costs. Further, it has been shown that lossy compression, at some specific rates, can achieve a performance on variant calling similar to that achieved with the lossless compressed data. We propose CROMqs, a new lossy compressor for the quality scores with the property of “infinitesimal successive refinability”. This property allows the decoder to decompress the data iteratively without the need of agreeing with the encoder on a specific rate prior to compression. This characteristic is particularly amenable in practice, as in most cases the appropriate rate at which the lossy compressor should operate can not be established prior to compression. Further, this property can be of interest in scenarios involving streaming of genomic data. CROMqs is the first infinitesimal successive refinement lossy compressor for the quality scores in the literature, and we show that it obtains a comparable rate-distortion performance to previously proposed algorithms. Moreover, we also show that CROMqs achieves a comparable performance on variant calling to that of the lossless compressed data.
Evaluation of asthma control among children in the Maghreb and sub-SaharIan Africa

Achieving and maintaining asthma control is a major goal of asthma management. Little information is available on asthma control in children in Africa. We sought to assess asthma control in several African centers according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines and to investigate its determinants. Methods: This multicenter cross- sectional study included 7 countries:Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Mauritania, Senegal, Niger and Mali. It lingered for 3 months and it involved children of 6 to 15 years old diagnosed with asthma for at least one year earlier. Children with another pathology associated with asthma and children who did not need any anti-asthmatic medication during the last 12 months were excluded from this study. The control was assessed by using the GINA proposal (controlled, partly controlled and uncontrolled asthma). A multivariate analysis was carried out to identify the risk factors for non-control of asthma. Results: A wide variability emerged across Africa. Among 521 children included in the study,55% had a controlled asthma symptoms and 45% had a non-controlled symptoms one (GINA 2014).The level of asthma control turned to 27% when the respiratory function is taken into consideration. Multivariate analysis shows that age, the non-realization of therapeutic education and excessive use of short acting b2 adrenergic receptor agonist are the risk factors of uncontrolled asthma. The level of the parent9s qualifications, the height of siblings and the easy access to healthcare are factors associated with poorly controlled asthma. Conclusion: Asthma control remains unsatisfactory in our countries. The level of asthma control impacts directly the life quality of the children.
Superplastic Grade Titanium Alloy: Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties, Microstructure, and Fracture Behavior

In this investigation, static fracture, microstructure, and the mechanical behavior of SP-700 alloy (a superplastic grade) were evaluated and compared with two other titanium alloys. The comparisons were made in terms of suitably designed heat treatment cycles. The heat treatment cycles included annealing and a combination of solutionizing and aging treatments for all three alloys. Tensile properties were determined using MTS Landmark Servohydraulic Test System. Tensile tested samples’ fracture surfaces were investigated with LEO-VP SEM instrument. Ti-15-3-3-3 alloy exhibited relatively a higher combination of strength and ductility in comparison to the other two alloys. All three types of titanium alloys demonstrated a very good level of tensile strength and ductility suitable for applications in military and biomedical fields.
Deconstructing behavioral neuropharmacology with cellular specificity

It is important to understand how animal behavior is mediated by molecular, cellular, and circuit components of the brain. However, it has been difficult to link the activity of specific molecules in defined cells to behavioral roles. Shields et al. developed an approach to deconstruct behavioral neuropharmacology with cellular specificity. The technique, termed DART (drugs acutely restricted by tethering), uses enzymatic capture to restrict standard drugs to the surface of genetically specified cells without prior modification of the native pharmacological target. The method provides cell-type specificity, endogenous-protein specificity, acute onset, and utility in behaving animals. This enables the activity of specific molecules in defined circuit elements to be causally linked to behavior. Science , this issue p. [eaaj2161][1] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaj2161
Learning vocabulary through e-book reading of young children with various reading abilities

Previous studies revealed that young children learn novel word meanings by simply reading and listening to a printed book. In today’s classroom, many children’s e-books provide audio narration support so young readers can simply listen to the e-books. The focus of the present study is to examine the effect of e-book reading with audio narration support on the novel vocabulary learning of first grade students with advanced, average, and poor reading abilities. The effect of adding teacher’s word explanation on novel word learning was also examined. By employing a within-subject design, students read an e-book that contained ten explained words and another e-book containing ten unexplained words. Their performances were compared to ten unexposed control words. As a whole group, results indicated that teacher’s word explanation resulted in greater word learning compared to when word explanation was not provided. However, e-book reading conditions without teacher’s word explanation did not lead to incidental word learning from the e-book context compared to the unexposed control words. When the students were divided into subgroups based on their reading abilities, readers with higher reading abilities learned more word meanings from e-book with teacher’s word explanation. However, three subgroups of readers showed different patterns of word learning across the e-book with and without word explanation and the control conditions. Educational implications of using e-books for students with different reading abilities and limitations are discussed.
Examining the Long-Term Consequences of Bullying on Adult Substance Use

Violence is a major concern in the school safety literature. With the potential negative impact of bullying victimization, it is imperative that bullying also be seen as an important social problem that has potential long-term mental and physical health consequences (CDC Surveillance Summaries, 65(6), 1-50, 2016). Numerous studies have documented the negative consequences of bullying in childhood, contending that bullying during childhood can lead to a variety of adulthood problems (Farrington, Loeber, Stallings, & Ttofi Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 3(2), 74-81, 2011; Rigby, 2007). Fewer studies have examined the long-term consequences of childhood bullying on adult substance use. This study uses Bureau of Labor Statistics’ National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1997) data to examine the association between school-aged bullying (under the age of 19) and adult alcohol, cigarette, and drug use (using Wave 10 from 2007).
COMMUNICATION NEEDS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY FROM THE TEACHER'S POINT OF VIEW

Communication needs from the point of view of the personnel engaged in the teaching of psychopharmacology have been described. Since the nature of teaching should depend on local needs it is essential for the personnel engaged in the development of training courses and programs to have adequate information on the structural organization of psychiatric services and the integration of psychiatric services with other medical facilities in the various countries.
IV prochlorperazine + diphenhydramine improved migraine pain relief more than IV hydromorphone in the ED.

Source Citation Friedman BW, Irizarry E, Solorzano C, et al. Randomized study of IV prochlorperazine plus diphenhydramine vs IV hydromorphone for migraine. Neurology. 2017;89:2075-82. 29046364
Persuade the Intellectuals in the Hopes that Ultimately They Could Be Converted and Transmit My Ideas to the Public at Large

Caldwell and Montes (2014a, 52; Review of Austrian Economics, 2014b; Review of Austrian Economics 28: 261–309, 2015a, 305) assert that they ‘have presented evidence [emphasis added] that Hayek’s ideas were little known in Chile in the 1970s. As such, it is very unlikely that they played a role in the creation of the 1980 Chilean Constitution. It also does not seem that those who invoked his name to defend their own positions correctly represented Hayek’s actual views.’ In the Chilean version of their paper, this was narrowed down to ‘Pedro Ibanez and Carlos Caceres, who knew Hayek, did not necessarily correctly interpret his ideas’ (2015b, 127).
Evaluating the effectiveness of tutorial dialogue instruction in an exploratory learning context

In this paper we evaluate the instructional effectiveness of tutorial dialogue agents in an exploratory learning setting. We hypothesize that the creative nature of an exploratory learning environment creates an opportunity for the benefits of tutorial dialogue to be more clearly evidenced than in previously published studies. In a previous study we showed an advantage for tutorial dialogue support in an exploratory learning environment where that support was administered by human tutors [9]. Here, using a similar experimental setup and materials, we evaluate the effectiveness of tutorial dialogue agents modeled after the human tutors from that study. The results from this study provide evidence of a significant learning benefit of the dialogue agents.
Good Intentions, Poor Execution: Ethical Dilemmas of the Superfund Legislation

Since their adoption in the late 1970s, the various environmental regulations known collectively as the Superfund laws have given rise to a plethora of compliance problems for owners of commercial and industrial properties. Criticism leveled at the Superfund laws has been based upon the widely held view that existing remediation standards are both economically and logistically indefensible. Such criticism appears valid in light of the actual results of the legislation: exorbitant cleanup costs and minimal cleanup.
Calculation of the Electrogenicity of the Sodium Pump System of the Squid Giant Axon

Ion pumps are essential constituents of cell membranes since they provide a means of compensating for ubiquitous membrane leaks and so help to maintain internal ion concentrations. In many cases these pumps generate electric current which can affect the membrane potential and are thus considered to be electrogenic. They are nearly always driven by the dephosphorylation of ATP and the process is known as active transport since it is able to transfer ions against existing electrodiffusion gradients. Thus, a mechanism driven by a biochemical reaction system has an electrophysiological result. The electrophysiological observations generated by the work of Kacy Cole have provided an important stimulus to some significant developments in membrane biochemistry.
Consequences of Childhood Bullying on Mental Health and Relationships for Young Adults

Childhood bullying is a well-known public health problem world-wide. Research has described numerous health and mental health effects on victims, bullies, and bystanders. While there are studies of contemporaneous consequences, there is still much to be discovered in terms of the impact of childhood bullying lasting into adult life. This qualitative inquiry investigated the aftermath of childhood bullying for young adults in terms of their health, mental health, and relationship issues. Further, it asked participants for their definitions of bullying. The study was part of a mixed-methods inquiry. For the qualitative portion, 72 graduate and undergraduate students in the U.S., ages 18 to 29, participated as a purposive sample. The majority of participants were Caucasian and female, though 28% percent represented minority groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted lasting approximately 1 h each. A participatory action research approach was taken to understand the lived experiences and perceptions of the young adults. Grounded theory was utilized in reviewing the data for thematic responses. Member checks and triangulation were employed to substantiate credibility, authenticity, and coherence of the data. Content analysis revealed lasting consequences in (a) mental and psychological well-being (b) eating disorders, weight, and body image, and (c) relationship and trust issues. Results are indicative of the need for further research on childhood bullying as it affects later adolescent and young adult development. Understanding the aftermath of childhood bullying is important in informing bullying interventions and maintaining a focus on early prevention efforts.
Clear Cell Papulosis: A Rare Pediatric Dermatosis

The diagnosis and management of pediatric hypopigmented lesions can be challenging given their wide range of differentials. In this case report, we present a case of a 3-year-old Chinese boy who was initially treated for tinea versicolor but subsequently diagnosed to have clear cell papulosis. The features, diagnosis, and management of clear cell papulosis are discussed in this article to raise awareness of this condition amongst pediatricians.
Magnetic SERS Composite Nanoparticles for Microfluidic Oil Reservoir Tracer Detection and Nanoprobe Applications

Composite magnetic nanoparticles are designed and synthesized with different morphologies as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates or SERS-active particles. Through the incorporation of a magnetic functionality, we provide a means to concentrate SERS-active nanoparticles in a low-volume microfluidic channel where the detected entity is now either a flowing analyte (e.g., tracer or chemical) or SERS-active particles contained in a target reservoir fluid. This collection strategy allows for detection using small amounts of material and can be optimized to provide selectivity for trace-level materials detection at the wellsite. We also demonstrate low-concentration detection of dye molecules used for reservoir tracer materials by optimizing the fluid flow rate and the intensity of the magnetic field. Thus, we developed an efficient magnetic SERS microfluidic detection platform for in situ monitoring trace level of analyte molecules. The integration of SERS with microfluidic systems also can ext...
Architectural Control of Isosorbide-Based Polyethers via Ring-Opening Polymerization

Isosorbide is a rigid, sugar-derived building block that has shown promise in high-performance materials, albeit with a lack of available controlled polymerization methods. To this end, we provide mechanistic insights into the cationic and quasi-zwitterionic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of an annulated isosorbide derivative (1,4:2,5:3,6-trianhydro-d-mannitol, 5). Ring-opening selectivity of this tricyclic ether was achieved, and the polymerization is selectively directed toward different macromolecular architectures, allowing for formation of either linear or cyclic polymers. Notably, straightforward recycling of unreacted monomer can be accomplished via sublimation. This work provides the first platform for tailored polymer architectures from isosorbide via ROP.
Precise Memory is Predicted by Learning-Induced Sensory System Neurophysiological Plasticity

Abstract Despite identical learning experiences, individuals differ in the memory formed of those experiences. Memory formed with sensory specificity determines its utility for selectively cueing subsequent behavior, even in novel situations. If an individual forms generalized memory, then there is potential for novel sensory cues to interfere with accurate behavioral performance. Here, a rodent model of auditory learning capitalized on individual differences in learning-induced auditory neuroplasticity to identify and characterize neural substrates for sound-specific (vs. general) memory of the training signal’s acoustic frequency. Animals with naturally or pharmacologically induced signal-“specific” memory revealed behaviorally, exhibited long-lasting signal-specific neurophysiological plasticity in auditory cortical and subcortical evoked responses, while learning-induced changes were not detected in animals with “general” memories. Individual differences validated this brain-behavior relationship, such that the degree of change in neurophysiological responses could be used to determine the precision of memory formation.
SCN5A variant R222Q generated abnormal changes in cardiac sodium current and action potentials in murine myocytes and Purkinje cells.

Background The cardiac sodium channel (SCN5A) mutation R222Q neutralizes a positive charge in the domain I voltage sensor. Mutation carriers display very frequent ectopy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Objectives To describe the effect of SCN5A R222Q on murine myocyte and Purkinje fiber electrophysiology, and identify underlying mechanisms. Methods We generated mice carrying humanized wild-type (H) and mutant (RQ) SCN5A channels. We characterized whole-heart and isolated ventricular and Purkinje myocyte properties. Results RQ/RQ mice were not viable. INa from RQ/H ventricular myocytes displayed increased "window current" and hyperpolarizing shifts in both inactivation and activation compared to H/H, as previously reported in heterologous expression systems. Surprisingly, action potentials were markedly abbreviated in RQ/H myocytes (action potential durations at 90% repolarization: 12.6 ± 1.3 ms vs 29.1 ± 1.0 ms in H/H, P Conclusion While SCN5A R222Q increases plateau inward sodium current, action potentials were unexpectedly shortened, likely reflecting an outward gating-pore current. Low extracellular potassium increased this pore current, and was arrhythmogenic in vitro and ex vivo.
Near-field optical stydy of InGaN/GaN quantum wells

Given the recent demonstration of a blue InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) laser, one puzzle that arises is why the rich defect microstructure1 in these devices does not inhibit laser action.
Approaches for the Management of Resistant Hypertension in 2020.

Resistant hypertension is diagnosed if the blood pressure (BP) is not controlled despite optimum doses of 3 first-line classes of antihypertensive drugs including a thiazide diuretic or if adequate BP control needs 4 or more antihypertensive drugs from different classes. Pseudohypertension and white coat hypertension must be excluded. Poor patient compliance, inadequate doses of antihypertensive drugs, poor office BP measurement technique, and having to pay for costs of drugs are factors associated with pseudoresistant hypertension. Secondary hypertension must be excluded and treated. Therapy of resistant hypertension includes improving compliance with use of medication, detection, and treatment of secondary hypertension, use of lifestyle measures, and treatment of obesity and other comorbidities. Switching the patient from hydrochlorothiazide to a longer acting thiazide-type diuretic such as chlorthalidone may improve BP control. The beneficial effects of thiazide diuretics are reduced when the glomerular filtration rate is reduced to less than 40 mL/min/1.73 m2. These patients should be treated with a loop diuretic such as furosemide every 12 h. If a fourth antihypertensive drug is needed to control blood pressure in persons treated with adequate doses of antihypertensive drugs from different classes including a thiazide-type diuretic, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist should be added to the therapeutic regimen. Further research is needed on investigational drugs and device therapy for treating resistant hypertension. Clinical trials are indicated for the treatment of resistant hypertension by sacubitril/valsartan and also by firibastat.
Superovulation with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger and gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger differentially alter essential angiogenic factors in the endometrium in a mouse ART model

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) are used as an alternative to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to trigger ovulation and decrease the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. GnRHa is less potent at inducing ovarian vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but may also affect endometrial angiogenesis and early placental development. In this study, we explore the effect of superovulation on endometrial angiogenesis during critical periods of gestation in a mouse model. We assigned female mice to three groups: natural mating or mating following injection with equine chorionic gonadotropin and trigger with GnRHa or hCG trigger. Females were killed prior to implantation (E3.5), post-implantation (E7.5), and at midgestation (E10.5), and maternal serum, uterus, and ovaries were collected. During peri-implantation, endometrial Vegfr1 and Vegfr2 mRNA were significantly increased in the GnRHa trigger group (P < 0.02) relative to the hCG group. Vegfr1 is highly expressed in the endometrial lining and secretory glands immediately prior to implantation. At E7.5, the ectoplacental cone expression of Vegfa and its receptor, Vegfr2, was significantly higher in the hCG trigger group compared to the GnRHa group (P < 0.05). Soluble VEGFR1 and free VEGFA were much higher in the serum of mice exposed to the hCG trigger compared to GnRHa group. At midgestation, there was significantly more local Vegfa expression in the placenta of mice triggered with hCG. GnRHa and hCG triggers differentially disrupt the endometrial expression of key angiogenic factors during critical periods of mouse gestation. These results may have significant implications for placental development and neonatal outcomes following human in vitro fertilization.
Multisensory Integration and Audiovisual Speech Perception

This article covers the techniques commonly used in human brain mapping to identify sites of multisensory integration (MSI). Additionally, it examines problems often encountered by researchers in this endeavor, the sources of these problems, and lessons to be learned from a particularly active subfield of research on MSI in humans – audiovisual speech perception. A selection of previous brain mapping research on audiovisual speech highlights novel imaging designs applied in this area, as well as difficulties in interpreting the results of these rather complex studies.