cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental toxicity of desbromoleptophos in chicks: enzyme inhibition, malformations and functional deficits.

Abstract The relationship among inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), inhibition of neuropathy target enzyme (NTE), and developmental toxicity of the organophosphorus ester desbromoleptophos (DBL) was evaluated in chicks exposed on day 3 or day 15 of incubation or 10 days posthatching. DBL induced prolonged inhibition of AChE and NTE when administered either early or late in incubation, structural malformations if administered before organogenesis, posthatching paresis if administered after organogenesis, and delayed deficits of gait if administered after hatching. The posthatching paresis and abnormal gait are not determined solely by either AChE inhibition or NTE inhibition, since they occur in the absence of the latter and are not invariably seen in the presence of the former (Toxicology 49: 253–261; 1988).
Potential Economic Viability of Two Proposed Rifapentine-Based Regimens for Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Rationale Rifapentine-based regimens for treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are being considered for future clinical trials, but even if they prove effective, high drug costs may limit their economic viability. Objectives To inform clinical trial design by estimating the potential costs and effectiveness of rifapentine-based regimens for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Methods We used a Markov model to estimate cost and societal benefits for three regimens for treating LTBI: Isoniazid/rifapentine daily for one month, isoniazid/rifapentine weekly for three months (self-administered and directly-observed), and isoniazid daily for nine months; a strategy of “no treatment” used for comparison. Costs, quality-adjusted life-years gained, and instances of active tuberculosis averted were calculated for all arms. Results Both daily isoniazid/rifapentine for one month and weekly isoniazid/rifapentine for three months were less expensive and more effective than other strategies under a wide variety of clinically plausibly parameter estimates. Daily isoniazid/rifapentine for one month was the least expensive and most effective regimen. Conclusions Daily isoniazid/rifapentine for one month and weekly isoniazid/rifapentine for three months should be studied in a large-scale clinical trial for efficacy. Because both regimens performed well even if their efficacy is somewhat reduced, study designers should consider relaxing non-inferiority boundaries.
Internet advertising: The medium is the difference

The underlying full‐duplex networked organization of the Internet transforms the traditional one‐way relationship between advertisers and consumers that is inherent in standard advertising. Internet content providers take on both the roles of conduits and interaction enablers in a two‐way interaction with prospective consumers.
Cross-cultural differences in consumer attitudes and their implications for complaint management

Abstract While several authors have urged the tailoring of the marketing mix to cultures served by multinational organizations, no research has specifically addressed the need to handle product-related customer dissatisfaction differently in different countries. This article presents evidence documenting the need to make such culture-specific adjustments and reports a cross-national comparison of consumer attitudes toward seeking redress in two countries.
In VivoRepair of 3′-End Deletions in a TCV Satellite RNA May Involve Two Abortive Synthesis and Priming Events

Abstract RNA viruses that do not have the stabilizing features of poly(A) tails or amino acids covalently linked to their 3′ ends must develop other means for protecting or repairing their genomes from damage caused by cellular RNases. We previously found that deletions in the single-stranded tails of a satellite RNA (sat-RNA D) associated with turnip crinkle virus are repaired in vivo (C. D. Carpenter and A. E. Simon, 1996, J. Virol. 70, 478–486). We now extend this analysis to show that sat-RNA D transcripts with 3′-end deletions of 5 bases give rise to wild-type sat-RNA, while deletions of 6 to 11 bases result in sat-RNA with additional deletions to the −14 position joined to internal TCV genomic RNA (or other) sequence followed by replacement of the terminal C 1−2 UGC 1−3 motif. In addition, we have determined that the selection of internal TCV sequence used in the repair of sat-RNA D 3′ ends is not random and generation of these short TCV segments likely involves primer-mediated synthesis of abortive products facilitated by base-pairing between internal regions of TCV genomic RNA and oligoribonucleotides generated by abortive cycling from the 3′ end of the TCV genome.
100K Q-factor toroidal ring gyroscope implemented in wafer-level epitaxial silicon encapsulation process

This paper reports a new type of degenerate mode gyroscope with measured Q-factor of > 100,000 on both modes at a compact size of 1760 μm diameter. The toroidal ring gyroscope consists of an outer anchor ring, concentric rings nested inside the anchor ring and an electrode assembly at the inner core. Current implementation uses n = 3 wineglass mode, which is inherently robust to fabrication asymmetries. Devices were fabricated using high-temperature, ultra-clean epitaxial silicon encapsulation (EpiSeal) process. Over the 4 devices tested, lowest as fabricated frequency split was found to be 8.5 Hz (122 ppm) with a mean of 21 Hz (Δf/f = 300 ppm). Further electrostatic tuning brought the frequency split below 100 mHz (<; 2 ppm). Whole angle mechanization and pattern angle was demonstrated using a high speed DSP control system. Characterization of the gyro performance using force-rebalance mechanization revealed ARW of 0.047°/√hr and an in-run bias stability of 0.65 deg/hr. Due to the high Q-factor and robust support structure, the device can potentially be instrumented in whole angle mechanization for applications which require high rate sensitivity and robustness to g-forces.
Electronic Democracy: Using the Internet to Transform American Politics

Will the facilities and capabilities of the Internet ultimately be used to advance the conduct of American politics? Graeme Browning, the author of Electronic Democracy, cites a statement made by S...
Diatomic partition functions from semiclassical phase integrals

Abstract Diatomic rotation-vibration partition functions are evaluated through a technique which utilizes semiclassical phase integrals to estimate the eigenvalues. For the assessment of the contributions from the bound and metastable levels, the method is computationally efficient and virtually exact for any potential at any temperature.
Relativistic Motion in a Uniform Magnetic Field

The Lorentz-Dirac equation of motion for a particle moving in a uniform field is analyzed in detail. The perturbation solution obtained is exact to sixth order in the interaction constant $\ensuremath{\lambda}=\frac{2{e}^{3}H}{3{m}^{2}{c}^{4}}$. We study the convergence of this solution and show explicitly how the radiated energy depends on the transverse energy and on the Schott energy.
It's a dog's life

Abstract Second Molecular Genetics and Canine Genetic Health Conference, St Louis, MO, USA, 31 October–1 November 1997.
On cooperative local repair in distributed storage

Erasure-correcting codes, that support local repair of codeword symbols, have attracted substantial attention recently for their application in distributed storage systems. In this paper we study a generalization of the usual locally recoverable codes. We consider such codes that any small set of codeword symbols is recoverable from a small number of other symbols. We call this cooperative local repair. We present bounds on the dimension of such codes as well as give explicit constructions of families of codes. Some other results regarding cooperative local repair are also presented, including an analysis for the Hadamard codes.
Predictive Models for Human Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

(1986). Predictive Models for Human Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 17, No. 3-4, pp. 261-281.
Expression of glycocalyx by coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine milk

Two hundred and six strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species were assessed for expression of glycocalyx on serum soft agar, india ink and adherence techniques. The organisms were maintained on trypticase soy agar plates at 4 degrees C for 30 d (120 strains) or stored at -80 degrees C in skim milk for 90 d (60 strains). Additionally, 26 milk samples from cows known to have excreted coagulase-negative staphylococci were used to inoculate serum soft agar directly. Nine of 26 direct culture samples and 43 of 180 strains maintained for an extended period had diffuse-type growth on serum soft agar. The proportion that exhibited an unstained halo by india ink was similar regardless of storage time. Slime production determined by in vitro adherence revealed a higher proportion of positive strains than had been predicted by serum soft agar or india ink techniques. More strains of Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. hominis, Staph. simulans and Staph. warneri expressed glycocalyx than other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species. These results suggest that most coagulase-negative staphylococci produce slime rather than a capsule. However, evidence for classical encapsulation was demonstrated in several strains by india ink. The finding that Staphylococcus species other than Staph. aureus isolated from bovine milk are capable of glycocalyx production may be of importance in investigations on the relationship between staphylococci and host defence mechanisms.
Aggregated TiO 2 -based nanotubes for dye sensitized solar cells

One-dimensional (1D) semiconducting oxides have attracted great attention for dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs), but the overall performance is still quite limited as compared to TiO2 nanocrystalline DSCs. Here, we report the synthesis of aggregated TiO2 based nanotubes with controlled morphologies and crystalline structures to obtain an overall power conversion efficiency of 9.9% using conventional dye without any additional chemical treatment steps. The high efficiency is attributed to the unique aggregate structure for light harvesting, optimized high surface area, and good crystallinity of the nanotube aggregates obtained through proper thermal annealing. This study demonstrates that high efficiency DSCs can be obtained with 1D nanomaterials, and provides lessons on the importance of optimizing both the nanocrystalline structure and the overall microscale morphology.
Global food security in 2050: the role of agricultural productivity and climate change

In this paper, we examine how the complexities introduced by trends in agricultural productivity and climate change affect the future of global food security. We use a partial equilibrium model of global agriculture incorporating a food security module that links changes in the average dietary energy intake to shifts in the full caloric distribution, allowing us to compute changes in the incidence, headcount and average depth of malnutrition. After validating the model against an historical period, we implement a series of future scenarios to understand the impacts of key exogenous drivers on selected food security outcomes. Our results show improvements in global food security for the period 2006–2050. Despite growing population and increased biofuel demand, baseline income growth, coupled with projected increases in agricultural productivity lead to a 24 per cent rise in global average dietary energy intake. Consequently, the incidence of malnutrition falls by 84 per cent, lifting more than half a billion people out of extreme hunger. However, these results hinge heavily on agricultural productivity growth. Without such growth, there could be a substantial setback on food security improvements. Climate change adds uncertainty to these projections, depending critically on the crop yield impacts of increasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere.
Protein aggregation and its inhibition in biopharmaceutics

Protein aggregation is arguably the most common and troubling manifestation of protein instability, encountered in almost all stages of protein drug development. Protein aggregation, along with other physical and/or chemical instabilities of proteins, remains to be one of the major road barriers hindering rapid commercialization of potential protein drug candidates. Although a variety of methods have been used/designed to prevent/inhibit protein aggregation, the end results are often unsatisfactory for many proteins. The limited success is partly due to our lack of a clear understanding of the protein aggregation process. This article intends to discuss protein aggregation and its related mechanisms, methods characterizing protein aggregation, factors affecting protein aggregation, and possible venues in aggregation prevention/inhibition in various stages of protein drug development.
Is IS Research on GSS Relevant

"In most business organizations today, when groups of executives meet, they gather in a room that is little different from the one in which their predecessors met a hundred or more years ago. Technology is evident only in the electric light, the air conditioning, and perhaps a telephone. The information available during the deliberations is a few memoranda or a notebook of financial and other reports. They may receive verbal briefings made with the aid of charts or slides. However, as discussion proceeds around the table and various alternatives are considered, the decision makers have to rely principally on what is in their heads and what has been told them." Gray et al. 1981 in one of the early papers on GSS/ GDSS research. After more than a decade of advances in GSS research the above description is still accurate in most companies. If relevancy strictly means having a significant impact on the business world then GSS research appears to have had minimal impact. In this paper we try to understand the reasons for the low impact, point out areas of success, and look for directions for the future. Several of the points raised in this article are well known and some of our recommendations are already being implemented independently by many researchers. The contribution of this article is in presenting a comprehensive and formal discussion of the "state of the GSS field" based on an analysis of IS research on GSS. Our goal is to motivate constructive forward-looking debate on this important topic. To promote such debate we have prepared a working paper on a web site to allow readers to further explore our GSS literature database see Appendix A.
Elastic constants of dense, textured

We fabricated a dense, bulk (Bi-2223) bar by sinter forging. The bar exhibited excellent phase purity and strong texture of the c axes preferentially aligned parallel to the forging direction. Elastic constants were obtained at room temperature; one elastic constant was also measured to . Bi-2223 proved to be stiffer than .
THE ECOLOGY OF THE FEMALE HAEMATOPOTA INSIDIATRIX AUSTEN (DIPTERA, TABANIDAE) IN SOUTHERN RHODESIA

The habitat of H. insidiatrix, in the region of Main Camp, Wankie National Park, is considered briefly. The seasonal occurrence of the fly is studied and its activity throughout the day. Comparisons are drawn with previous work in colder climates. Zusammenfassung DIE OKOLOGIE DER WEIBUCHEN HAEMATOPOTA INSIDIATRIX AUSTEN (DIPTERA, TABANIDAE) IN SUD-RHODESIEN Die Heimat von H. insidiatrix, in der Nahe von Main Camp, Wankie National Park, wird kurz betrachtet. Das jahreszeitliche Vorkommen der Fliege und ihre Aktivitat im Tagesverlauf werden untersucht. Die Resultate werden mit denen von fruheren Untersuchungen in kalteren Klimaten verglichen.
An integrated approach to heterogeneous expert systems

An approach to the integration of heterogeneous expert systems (ESs) is presented. This approach allows independent ESs to exchange their knowledge in the rule level rather than in the system level. The Functional Diagram is developed to capture knowledge in ESs in terms of derivation relationships and restrictive dependencies among entities. Another essential system component of our approach is a powerful global knowledge manipulation language with high-level semantics, which allows the user to formulate highly-sophisticated inquiries. The associated global query processing mechanism allows independent ESs to function as parts of one system in deriving the best global answer despite the incompatibilities in their inferencing mechanisms and interpretation schemes. One advantage of this approach is that rules and constraints can in effect be shared among heterogeneous ESs.
Low HLA-C Expression at Cell Surfaces Correlates with Increased Turnover of Heavy Chain mRNA

In comparison with HLA-A and -B, the protein products of the HLA-C locus are poorly characterized, in part because of their low level of expression at the cell surface. Here, we examine how protein-protein interactions during assembly and regulation of the mRNA level affect cell surface expression of HLA-C. We find that intrinsic properties of the HLA-C heavy chain proteins do not correlate with low cell surface expression: HLA-C heavy chains associate and dissociate with beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) at rates comparable to those found for HLA-A and -B, and increased competition for beta 2m does not alter the surface expression of HLA-C. From studies of chimeric genes spliced from the HLA-B7 and -Cw3 genes, we find that chimeric proteins containing the B7 peptide-binding groove can have low cell surface expression, suggesting that inefficiency in binding peptides is not the cause of low cell surface expression for HLA-C. The surface levels of HLA-A, -B, or -C in cells transfected with cDNA can be similar, implicating noncoding regions of HLA-C heavy chain genes in the regulation of surface expression. We find that HLA-C mRNA is expressed at lower levels than HLA-B mRNA and that this difference results from faster degradation of the HLA-C message. Experiments examining chimeric B7/Cw3 and B7/Cw6 genes suggest that a region determining low expression of HLA-C is to be found between the 3' end of exon 3 and a site in the 3' untranslated region, approximately 600 bases downstream of the translation stop codon.
Improved computational performance for distributed passive radar processing through channelised data

Passive radars provide excellent Doppler spectral estimates for deep, fluctuating targets. Because the radar illumination is unpredictable, a full lag-profile or cross-ambiguity analysis must be performed to extract the scatterer power spectrum as a function of range. Two techniques (coherent integration and channelisation) that may be used to achieve significant speed improvements are demonstrated. Coherent integration reduces the data bandwidth. While this step reduces the computational burden to an effort readily achievable by modern desktop computers for observing FM broadcasts from a single receiver, the load increases from observing more transmitters, using more antennas in interferometric analysis, and using a larger bandwidth source such as DTV. A further improvement, which works by ‘channelising’ the illuminating and scattered signals, splitting the spectral bandwidth by an integer factor, resulting in a computational reduction is developed. The initial coherent integration method is presented, then a variety of implementations of the channelised improvements are shown. Properly implemented, these methods produce significant speed increases on ordinary desktop workstations. Channelised methods work nicely with transmitters whose spectral content is not white, permitting the elimination of noise power which lies outside the transmitter bandwidth, as well as beyond the decimation filter bandwidth of digital receivers.
Homo-oligomeric Complexes of the Yeast α-Factor Pheromone Receptor Are Functional Units of Endocytosis

α-Factor receptors from Saccharomyces cerevisiae are G-protein-coupled receptors containing seven transmembrane segments. Receptors solubilized with the detergent n-dodecyl β-d-maltoside were found to sediment as a single 8S species in glycerol density gradients. When the membranes from cells coexpressing two differentially tagged receptors were solubilized with detergent and subjected to immunoprecipitation, we found that the antibodies specific for either epitope tag resulted in precipitation of both tagged species. Coprecipitation was not a consequence of incomplete detergent extraction because the abundant plasma membrane protein Pma1 did not coprecipitate with the receptors. Moreover, the receptor complexes were present prior to detergent extraction because coimmunoprecipitation was not observed when cells expressing the single tagged species were mixed prior to membrane preparation. Treatment of cultures with α-factor had little effect on the extent of oligomerization as judged by the sedimentation behavior of the receptor complexes and by the efficiency of coimmunoprecipitation. The ability of receptor complexes to undergo ligand-mediated endocytosis was evaluated by using membrane fractionation and fluorescence microscopy. Mutant receptors that fail to bind α-factor (Ste2-S184R) or lack the endocytosis signal (Ste2-T326) became competent for ligand-mediated endocytosis when they were expressed in cells containing wild-type receptors. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated that the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain and intermolecular disulfide bonds were unnecessary for oligomer formation. We conclude that α-factor receptors form homo-oligomers and that these complexes are subject to ligand-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, we show for the first time that unoccupied receptors participate in these endocytosis-competent complexes.
White tail plumage and brood sex ratio in dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis thurberi)

Theory, empirical examples, and recently, proximate mechanisms point to the possibility of adaptive sex ratio adjustment in various organisms. General predictions state that a female should adjust her offspring sex ratio to maximize the benefits or minimize the costs of reproduction given her physical condition or current social and environmental conditions. I tested for an influence of male attractiveness on brood sex ratio in a population of dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis thurberi) by manipulating a male’s white outer tail feathers (“tail white”). Experimentally increasing male tail white did not significantly affect sex ratio, nor was premanipulated male tail white significantly related to brood sex ratio. However, the amount of white on the female’s outer tail feathers, independently of female condition, was positively related to the number of sons in a brood. Determining how a female’s potential genetic contribution to her sons’ attractiveness influences offspring sex ratio should be a priority for future research.
Comparing Contrast-Enhanced Color Flow Imaging and Pathological Measures of Breast Lesion Vascularity

This study was conducted to compare quantifiable measures of vascularity obtained from contrast-enhanced color flow images of breast lesions to pathologic vascularity measurements. Nineteen patients with solid breast masses received Levovist Injection (10 mL at 300 mg/mL; Berlex Laboratories, Montville, NJ, USA). Color flow images of the mass pre and post contrast were obtained using an HDI 3000 scanner (Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA, USA) optimized for clinical scanning on an individual basis. After surgical removal, specimens were sectioned in the same planes as the ultrasound images and stained with an endothelial cell marker (CD31). Microvessel area (MVA) and intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) were determined for vessels 10-19 microm, 20-29 microm, 30-39 microm, 40-49 microm and > or =50 microm in diameter using a microscope and image processing software. From the ultrasound images, the number of color pixels before and after contrast administration relative to the total area of the breast mass was calculated as a first-order measure of fractional tumor vascularity. Vascularity measures were compared using reverse stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. In total, 58 pathology slides (with 8,106 frames) and 185 ultrasound images were analyzed. There was a significant increase in flow visualization pre to post Levovist injection (p = 0.001), but no differences were found between the 11 benign and the eight malignant lesions (p > 0.35). Ultrasound vascularity measurements post contrast correlated significantly with pathology (0.15 < or = r2 < or = 0.46; p < 0.03). The 30-39 microm vessel range contributed most significantly to the MVD relationship (p < 0.001), whereas the MVA was mainly influenced by vessels 20-29 microm (p < 0.004). Precontrast ultrasound only correlated with pathology for relative MVA (r2 = 0.16; p = 0.01). In conclusion, contrast-enhanced color flow imaging provides a noninvasive measure of breast tumor neovascularity, corresponding mainly to vessels 20-39 microm in diameter, when used in a typical clinical setting.
Overcoming the Defects of a Virtue Dual-Chamber Versus Single-Chamber Detection Enhancements for Implantable Defibrillator Rhythm Diagnosis: The Detect Supraventricular Tachycardia Study

“Mission critical” is a uniquely American cliche generally held to mean an action or series of actions essential for the success of an important endeavor. Randomized clinical trials have conclusively demonstrated that implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) reduce mortality among appropriately selected patients who have survived an episode of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia or are at risk for ventricular arrhythmia. The mission critical aspect of ICD operation is accurate recognition and termination of ventricular arrhythmia. Reproducibly reliable delivery of this critical series of actions is sufficient to guarantee mortal benefit. Article p 2871 Recognition of ventricular arrhythmias is fundamentally a sequential 2-step process. The first step, sensing, requires continuous real-time recording of cardiac electrical activity that is processed and filtered to reduce noise and to exclude physiological signals that are not of interest. Practically speaking, only ventricular electrical activity is necessary for this step and could be obtained from several different recording sites (endocardium, epicardium, subcutaneous tissue). The second step, detection, requires characterization of sensed signals to inform the need for therapy. ICDs rely on the rate of sensed ventricular signals for detection and hierarchical prioritization of specific therapies. Rate-based detection alone has proved robust for accurate recognition of ventricular fibrillation (VF) because, except for preexcited atrial fibrillation (AF), virtually no other cardiac rhythm disturbance is capable of achieving similarly high ventricular rates. On the other hand, although rate-based detection alone is similarly reliable for relatively slower ventricular tachycardia (VT), it is critically flawed because (1) VT occurs across a broad range of rates, and within this range rate alone does not specify rhythm, (2) neither fast and lethal nor slow and harmless are synonymous, and (3) many supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) reliably achieve ventricular rates overlapping with VT. Thus, the flaw of rate-based detection for VT is a defect of its virtues. Consequently, …
On the Nature of Linear Structures in the Helix and Orion Nebulae

Linear features of up to 0.25 pc length are seen in both the Helix Nebula and the Orion Nebula. These features are most evident in emission-line ratio images. It is demonstrated that in both objects the features are along projections of lines between the dominant star and an optically thick compact feature (the cometary knots in the Helix and the proplyds in Orion). In general, these features are caused by shadowing of Lyman continuum radiation from the photoionizing star, although in the case of the Helix features, extinction by entrained dust plays a role. Some of the rays have neutral hydrogen cores. It is shown that the characteristics of these linear features can be used to analyze the three-dimensional structure of the nebulae. If the most recent model for these rays is correct and the electron temperature of the shadowed gas is only two-thirds that of the ambient material, then these rays play a small but measurable role in solving the t2 problem.
Adjudicating rights or analyzing interests: ethicists’ role in the debate over conscience in clinical practice

The analysis of a dispute can focus on either interests, rights, or power. Commentators often frame the conflict over conscience in clinical practice as a dispute between a patient’s right to legally available medical treatment and a clinician’s right to refuse to provide interventions the clinician finds morally objectionable. Multiple sources of unresolvable moral disagreement make resolution in these terms unlikely. One should instead focus on the parties’ interests and the different ways in which the health care delivery system can accommodate them. In the specific case of pharmacists refusing to dispense emergency contraception, alternative systems such as advanced prescription, pharmacist provision, and over-the-counter sales may better reconcile the client’s interest in preventing unintended pregnancy and the pharmacist’s interest in not contravening his or her conscience. Within such an analysis, the ethicist’s role becomes identifying and clarifying the parties’ morally relevant interests.
Intimacy and Crises in Adulthood

Even though interpersonal intimacy has been proposed as a vital developmental task in the achievement of adulthood (Erikson, 1963) there has been little systematic study of intimate relationships as a psychological resource in transactions and crises of the adult life course, including those resulting from sociohistorical change. Both the high degree of complexity and relativity of the concept of intimacy, as well as the American male's traditional flight from intimacy, contribute to its lack of exploration. It is the thesis of this article that in the absence of overwhelming external challenge, most individuals find the motivation to live autonomous and satisfying lives only through one or more mutually intimate dyadic relationships. Some preliminary evidence in support of this thesis is presented showing marked life stage and sex differences. In addition a theoretical framework for the study of psychosocial change in adulthood focusing on areas of commitment, juxtaposed with some evidence, suggests a mo...
Nonlinear power flow control design for combined conventional and variable generation systems: Part I-theory

The swing equations for conventional and renewable generators connected to the electric power grid and microgrids are developed. Simple diesel and wind turbine generators with Unified Power Flow Control (UPFC) are used as an example. The swing equations for a renewable generator and conventional generators in an islanded microgrid are formulated as a natural Hamiltonian system with externally applied non-conservative forces. A two-step process referred to as Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) is used to analyze and design feedback controllers for the renewable generator and islanded microgrid systems. This paper presents the analysis and design of nonlinear controller examples that include a two-machine infinite bus system with UPFC's in an islanded microgrid and applied to simplified diesel and wind turbine generators connected to the grid. The needed power and energy storage/charging responses are also determined. Necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of renewable generators systems are determined based on the concepts of Hamiltonian systems, power flow, exergy (the maximum work that can be extracted from an energy flow) rate, and entropy rate.
Dynamics of Density Fluctuations in a Non-Markovian Boltzmann-Langevin Model

In the course of the past few years, the nuclear Boltzmann-Langevin (BL) model has emerged as a promising microscopic model for nuclear dynamics at intermediate energies1,2. The BL model goes beyond the much employed Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) model3, and hence it provides a basis for describing dynamics of density fluctuations and addressing processes exhibiting spontaneous symmetry breaking and catastrophic transformations in nuclear collisions, such as induced fission and mult ifragmentation4,5,6.
Pulmonary artery stent implantation in children with single ventricle malformation before and after completion of partial and total cavopulmonary connections.

Objectives: Relief of pulmonary artery stenosis before and after cavopulmonary connections (CPC) in patients with single ventricle malformation is essential to optimize pulmonary hemodynamics. We evaluated the risk factors for pulmonary artery stenosis and assessed the outcome after stent implantation. Interventions: Seventeen stents in twelve patients were implanted for pulmonary artery stenosis before and after CPC at a mean age of 4.5 (0.1–17.6) years. Results: Fourteen stents were placed in the left pulmonary artery (82%) and three stents in the right pulmonary artery (18%). One stent was implanted intraoperatively. Mean time between surgery and stent implantation was 28 (1–132) months. The mean (SD) size of the pulmonary artery stenosis was 3.1 ± 2.1 mm before and 8.1 ± 3.3 mm (P < 0.001) after stent implantation. Six out of seventeen stents (35.2%) had to be redilated after a mean time interval of 19 (5–48) months. Two patients’ stents were removed during the next surgical procedure; both needed an early restenting of the affected vessel. There were no procedure-related complications for stent implantation or redilatation. Anatomical risk factors for pulmonary artery stenosis were right aortic arch and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries, whereas dilatation of the ascending aorta for LPA stenosis and Blalock–Taussig shunt for RPA stenosis were surgical risk factors. Conclusions: Stent implantation to treat pulmonary artery stenosis in pediatric patients with CPC is effective and can be realized safely. Close follow-up is recommended in patients with risk for pulmonary artery stenosis. During total cavopulmonary connection, previously implanted stents at that site should be left in place or be changed in a hybrid procedure to a larger diameter, because the etiology of stenosis may persist after surgery and the surgical removal could result in vessel injury that promotes restenosis.
Biodegradation of Aged Residues of Atrazine and Alachlor in a Mix-Load Site Soil by Fungal Enzymes

�� -diethyl-N[methoxymethyl]-acetanilide) in contaminated mix-load site soil utilizing an extracellular fungal enzyme solution derived from thewhiterotfungus,Phanerochaetechrysosporium,growninapackedbedbioreactor.Thirty-twopercentofATand54%ofALwere transformed in the biometers. The pseudo first-order rate constant for AT and AL biodegradation was 0.0882d −1 and 0.2504d −1 , respectively. The half-life (t1/2) for AT and AL was 8.0 and 3.0 days, respectively. Compared to AT, the initial disappearance of AL proceeded at a faster rate and resulted in a greater amount of AL transformed. Based on the net Co2 evolved from the biometers, about 4% of the AT and AL initially present in the soil was completely mineralized.
Seeing the Global Forest for the Trees: How US Federalism Can Coexist with Global Governance of Forests

Both international forest and climate negotiations have failed to produce a legally binding treaty that addresses forest management activities - either comprehensively or more narrowly through carbon capture - due, in part, to lack of US leadership. Though US cooperation is crucial for facilitating both forest and climate negotiations, the role of federalism in constraining these trends has been given scant attention. We argue that, as embodied in the US Constitution, federalism complicates the US’s role in creating any legally binding treaty that directly regulates land uses (e.g. forest management). Because federalism reserves primary land use regulatory authority for state governments, voluntary, market-based mechanisms, like REDD and forest certification, should be included within any binding treaty aimed at forest management, in order to facilitate US participation.
A Paradigm Shift in Cardiac Pacing Therapy

Artificial pacemakers have been continuously improved since 1949, when Jack Hopps, from the National Research Council of Canada in Ottawa, first assembled an external generator for Wilfred Bigelow and John Callaghan in the basement of the Banting Institute at the University of Toronto.1 Although Hopps’ device was not the first artificial pacemaker,2–4 the presentation by Callaghan at the 1950 American College of Surgeons meeting in Boston, Mass, stimulated a surge of experimentation that quickly led to demonstration of the utility of cardiac pacing in humans and subsequent manufacture of implantable devices.3 Since that time, remarkable advances in lead design, battery duration, programming capability, and electronic circuitry have given rise to one of the most successful and accepted life-saving, palliative therapies in modern medicine.3,5 Furthermore, medical indications for pacing therapy have expanded beyond the management of symptomatic bradycardia to include treatments for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, neurocardiogenic syncope, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, congestive heart failure, and atrial fibrillation.6,7 Nevertheless, in spite of the fact that pacemakers represent a state-of-the-art technology, there are significant problems associated with long-term cardiac pacing. Articles pp 992 and 1000 The permanent implantation of an electronic pacemaker device is associated with complications that “…vary in clinical significance from benign to life-threatening.”7 These include the need for replacement of generators (primarily attributable to limited battery life) and leads (because of fracture, displacement, inappropriate stimulation, loss of insulating material, or tissue perforation). These problems are often exacerbated in pediatric patients owing to their size and the demands imposed by growth. Other complications include infection, thrombosis, valve dysfunction, maladaptive cardiac remodeling, and a lack of autonomic neurohumoral responsiveness. Thus, pacing therapy, although effective, continues to have important limitations. Although further refinements in the longevity and size of devices, lead biomaterials, and microprocessors seem inevitable, on the basis of …
Critical behavior of dimensionally continued black holes.

The critical behavior of black holes in even and odd dimensional space times is studied based on Ba\~nados-Teitelboim-Zanelli dimensionally continued black holes. In even dimensions it is found that asymptotically flat and anti--de Sitter Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes present up to two second-order phase transitions. The case of asymptotically anti--de Sitter--Schwarzschild black holes presents only one critical transition and a minimum of temperature, which occurs at the transition. Finally, it is shown that phase transitions are absent in odd dimensions. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
An evolutionary focus on information technology: graduate CIS education at Georgia State University

Describes the characteristics of the graduate programs in computer information systems (CIS) at Georgia State University and the way in which the faculty manage their continual evolution. The authors articulate the underlying assumptions about the future need of graduates and incorporates trends in the development and use of information technology into program planning. Integration of information technology and management of information systems are a distinct theme of the program. >
Heavy metal tolerance genes alter cellular thermodynamics in Pseudomonas putida and river Pseudomonas spp. and influence amebal predation

Predation rates were measured for two Acanthamoeba castellanii strains feeding on metal-tolerant and metal-sensitive strains of Pseudomonas putida and compared with cellular thermodynamic data. Predation rates by A. castellanii strain ATCC 30010 correlated with cell volume of the prey. To explore whether this observation could be environmentally relevant, pseudomonad species were isolated from a pristine and a metal-contaminated river and were paired based on phylogenetic and physiological relatedness. Then, cellular thermodynamics and predation rates were measured on the most similar pseudomonad pair. Under cadmium stress, the strain from contaminated river sediments, Pseudomonas sp . CF150, exited metabolic dormancy faster than its pair from pristine sediments, Pseudomonas sp . N9, but consumed available resources less efficiently (more energy was lost as heat). Predation rates by both strains of ameba were greater on Pseudomonas sp . CF150 than on Pseudomonas sp . N9 at the highest cadmium concentration.
Gibbs' Phenomenon for Nonnegative Compactly Supported Scaling Vectors

Abstract This paper considers Gibbs' phenomenon for scaling vectors in L 2 ( R ) . We first show that a wide class of multiresolution analyses suffer from Gibbs' phenomenon. To deal with this problem, in [Contemp. Math. 216 (1998) 63–79], Walter and Shen use an Abel summation technique to construct a positive scaling function P r , 0 r 1 , from an orthonormal scaling function ϕ that generates V 0 . A reproducing kernel can in turn be constructed using P r . This kernel is also positive, has unit integral, and approximations utilizing it display no Gibbs' phenomenon. These results were extended to scaling vectors and multiwavelets in [Proceedings of Wavelet Analysis and Multiresolution Methods, 2000, pp. 317–339]. In both cases, orthogonality and compact support were lost in the construction process. In this paper we modify the approach given in [Proceedings of Wavelet Analysis and Multiresolution Methods, 2000, pp. 317–339] to construct compactly supported positive scaling vectors. While the mapping into V 0 associated with this new positive scaling vector is not a projection, the scaling vector does produce a Riesz basis for V 0 and we conclude the paper by illustrating that expansions of functions via positive scaling vectors exhibit no Gibbs' phenomenon.
Improved decoder for transform coding with application to the JPEG baseline system

Transform coding, a simple yet efficient image coding technique, has been adopted by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) as the basis for an emerging coding standard for compression of still images. However, for any given transform encoder, the conventional inverse transform decoder is suboptimal. Better performance can be obtained by a nonlinear interpolative decoder that performs table lookups to reconstruct the image blocks from the code indexes. Each received code index of an image block addresses a particular codebook to fetch a component vector. The image block can be reconstructed as the sum of the component vectors for that block. An iterative algorithm for designing a set of locally optimal codebooks is developed. Computer simulation results demonstrate that this improved decoding technique can be applied in the JPEG baseline system to decode enhanced quality pictures from the bit stream generated by the standard encoding scheme. >
Uncovered interest parity: The long and the short of it

Abstract Uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) is a theoretical relation linking changes in exchange rates and corresponding interest rate differentials. Despite its considerable intellectual appeal, uncovered interest rate parity has very often been found wanting empirically. I reinvestigate this relation using a 17-country panel of historical time series data at its longest—for the US–UK country pair—spanning 217 years. I find results that are largely consistent with theory: over the long term, in most countries, bond yields expressed in common currency bear a positive relationship to one another as UIP predicts. This is in contrast to the very nearly opposite findings reported in much of the literature and now taken as a stylized fact.
Guarding the Guardians: The Case for Regulating State-Owned Financial Entities in Global Finance

Amidst the expansion of cross-border financial regulation, conspicuously missing from recent scholarly inquiries is the question of how institutions owned and controlled by governments, such as central banks, international financial institutions, and sovereign wealth funds, should be regulated in their capacities as market participants. The growth of state-owned entities, coupled with the integral role of domestic and supranational regulators in promulgating, monitoring, and enforcing international financial rules, highlights a reversal of roles in the traditional regulatory framework — when governments as regulators become regulated subjects. This Article considers the legal and policy implications of this phenomenon by examining the application of the competing legal doctrines that govern this dynamic: extraterritorial application of domestic regulation versus the privileges and immunities under international law afforded to entities owned by a foreign government or multiple governments. The relative dearth of bright-line rules and the opaque nature of coordination mechanisms provide flexibility to regulators seeking to determine how to treat state-owned entities, but may also undermine the legitimacy of global financial regulation. As a case study, this Article examines the regulation of international financial institutions under the Dodd-Frank Act. To address the functional and normative shortcomings of the international financial architecture, I outline a global governance framework based on international comity to address the unique and wide-ranging implications of governments in the market.
Three-Dimensional Monte Carlo Calculations of Nuclear Heating in CIT and Comparisons with Results from Simpler Models

In the Compact Ignition Tokamak (CIT), significant nuclear heating results from the neutron and γ interactions in structural components near the plasma and it affects their thermo-mechanical behavi...
Identification of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide as a BACE2 Substrate.

Pancreatic amyloid formation by islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a hallmark pathological feature of type 2 diabetes. IAPP is stored in the secretory granules of pancreatic beta-cells and co-secreted with insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. IAPP is innocuous under homeostatic conditions but imbalances in production or processing of IAPP may result in homodimer formation leading to the rapid production of cytotoxic oligomers and amyloid fibrils. The consequence is beta-cell dysfunction and the accumulation of proteinaceous plaques in and around pancreatic islets. Beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 2, BACE2, is an aspartyl protease commonly associated with BACE1, a related homolog responsible for amyloid processing in the brain and strongly implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Herein, we identify two distinct sites of the mature human IAPP sequence that are susceptible to BACE2-mediated proteolytic activity. The result of proteolysis is modulation of human IAPP fibrillation and human IAPP protein degradation. These results suggest a potential therapeutic role for BACE2 in type 2 diabetes-associated hyperamylinaemia.