cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dithiothreitol separation of newborn rodent dermis and epidermis.

Incubation of newborn mouse skin in media containing 0.01m dithiothreitol at 4°C for 2hr reduces dermal-epidermal cohesion, and the 2 layers may be separated readily. Unlike other methods of separation, this technique does not require heating, nonphysiologic pH or ionic strength, or addition of proteolytic enzymes. The spilt occurs beneath the basal lamina. The separated epidermal sheet retains the periodic acid Schiff-positive "basement membrane," and the basal cells can incorporate 3 H-thymidine.
Diabetic neuropathy complex

Pathological data obtained from a comprehensive general and neuropathological post mortem examination of ten unselected cases of diabetes mellitus are reported. The findings suggest that the “diabetic neuropathy” is a multifaceted disorder, affecting primarily the sensory, and autonomic peripheral nervous systems, involvement of the former leading secondarily to degeneration of the related intraspinal systems. The relationship between the autonomic neuropathy and “diabetic angiopathy” is discussed and the evidence indicating that the former may be a factor in the pathogenesis of the diabetic vascular disease presented.
Thiobacillus perometabolis nov. sp., a non-autotrophic thiobacillus

A new chemolithotrophic bacterium unable to grow autotrophically is described. Its growth occurs with yeast extract or casein hydrolysate and is greatly enhaced by the addition of thiosulfate or a variety of individual organic compounds. Growth also occurs in a mineral salts medium to which both thiosulfate and an appropriate single organic substrate are added but not with either supplement alone. Elemental sulfur, thiosulfate and tetrathionate are oxidized to sulfate. The taxonomic position of the organism is briefly discussed and the name Thiobacillus perometabolis is proposed.
Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions measured at high frequencies in humans

Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) elicited with stimulus frequencies less than or equal to 8 kHz have been used in hearing clinics to assess whether the middle ear and cochlea are normal, but high-frequency hearing (>4 kHz) is most vulnerable to cochlear pathology. It might prove useful to measure DPOAEs with even higher frequency stimuli (>8 kHz), but there have been few reports of such studies in humans. DPOAEs have been measured in other mammals to the upper range of hearing sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to compare some characteristics of DPOAEs in human subjects elicited with high-frequency stimuli with those that have been extensively measured with lower-frequency stimuli. The primary goal was to establish if the same phenomenon responsible for the behavior of low-frequency DPOAEs is responsible for the behavior of high-frequency DPOAEs. Specifically, the DPOAE level with stimuli varied from 2 to 20 kHz, growth functions of DPOAEs, effects of varying the primary frequency ratio (f2/f1) on the DPOAE level, and DPOAE group delay were determined. Because the behaviors appeared to vary smoothly with stimulus frequency, the study suggests that emissions measured from 2 to 20 kHz were the product of the same biological process.
An enzyme-sensitive PEG hydrogel based on aggrecan catabolism for cartilage tissue engineering

A new cartilage-specific degradable hydrogel based on photoclickable thiol-ene poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels is presented. The hydrogel crosslinks are composed of the peptide, CRDTEGE-ARGSVIDRC, derived from the aggrecanase-cleavable site in aggrecan. This new hydrogel is evaluated for use in cartilage tissue engineering by encapsulating bovine chondrocytes from different cell sources (skeletally immature (juvenile) and mature (adult) donors and adult cells stimulated with proinflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) and culturing for 12 weeks. Regardless of cell source, a twofold decrease in compressive modulus is observed by 12 weeks, but without significant hydrogel swelling indicating limited bulk degradation. For juvenile cells, a connected matrix rich in aggrecan and collagen II, but minimal collagens I and X is observed. For adult cells, less matrix, but similar quality, is deposited. Aggrecanase activity is elevated, although without accelerating bulk hydrogel degradation. LPS further decreases matrix production, but does not affect aggrecanase activity. In contrast, matrix deposition in the nondegradable hydrogels consists of aggrecan and collagens I, II, and X, indicative of hypertrophic cartilage. Lastly, no inflammatory response in chondrocytes is observed by the aggrecanase-sensitive hydrogels. Overall, it is demonstrated that this new aggrecanase-sensitive hydrogel, which is degradable by chondrocytes and promotes a hyaline-like engineered cartilage, is promising for cartilage regeneration.
Life History Studies of Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a Vector of Pierce's Disease of Grapevine

ABSTRACT Homafodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) vectors Xylella fastidiosa, a bacterium causing Pierce's disease in grapevine. The development and reproductive biology of this economically important insect species were studied under greenhouse and laboratory conditions during the spring—summer and fall—winter and at different rearing densities. The greenhouse was heated during the cool months to match summer temperatures and photoperiods were enhanced artificially. Longevity was affected by sex and season, with winter individuals living significantly longer than summer males (6.5-fold) and females (two-fold). Vitellogenesis was delayed in fall female H. vitripennis and a higher variability in lifetime fecundities was also observed. Longevity and the factors influencing it such as environmental conditions and availability of food sources are key factors determining fecundity in H. vitripennis. Offspring performance (developmental time, survival) was moderate during the cool months, alth...
Susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter pyloridis

Thirty strains of Campylobacter pyloridis, isolated from Australia, England, Peru, and U.S.A., were studied. An agar dilution technique was used to determine the susceptibility of the strains to 13 antimicrobial agents and 2 antiulcer compounds. All 30 strains, regardless of geographic source, demonstrated identical susceptibility patterns. Strains were susceptible to 9 of the 13 antimicrobial agents: amoxicillin, cephalothin, doxycycline, erythromycin, furazolidone, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline. Strains were resistant to both antiulcer compounds (cimetidine and ranitidine) and to nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and the combination of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
Gaussian Beam Analysis of Optical Scanning Holography

A detailed theoretical treatment based on Gaussian beam theory is provided for optical scanning holography [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A2, 512 ( 1985)]. Topics addressed include the derivation of the impulse response for the optical scanning holographic system, methods of achieving off-axis holographic recordings, reconstructed image resolution, magnification, and distortion. Also presented is experimental verification of the technique based on measurements of the hologram of a simple transmissive slit object.
Empirical usage metadata in learning objects

The iLOG Project (Intelligent Learning Object Guide) is designed to augment multimedia learning objects with information about (1) how a learning object has been used, (2) how it has impacted instruction and learning, and (3) how it should be used. The goal of the project is to generate metadata tags from data collected while students interact with learning objects; these metadata tags can then be used to help teachers identify learning objects that match the educational and experiential backgrounds of their students. The project involves the development of an agent-based intelligent system for tracking student interaction with learning objects, in tandem with an extensive learning research agenda. This paper provides an overview of this NSF-funded project, focusing on the instructional approach and research on varying levels of active learning and feedback. Using a randomized design and a hierarchical linear modeling framework, research showed that the active learning conditions resulted in significantly higher student learning. The elaborative feedback results approached (p = .056), but did not reach, the established significance criteria of alpha = .05. Both active learning conditions and one of the elaborative feedback conditions resulted in significantly higher content assessment scores compared to a control group.
The effect of customer participation in electricity markets: an experimental analysis of alternative market structures

An experimental structure is demonstrated that represents end-use customers in electricity markets who can substitute part of their usage between day and night. Individuals' demand relationships are represented by a two-step value function for each period that are disaggregated from observed market demand relationships. Demand varies between day and night and during heat waves. Three alternative demand-side market structures are evaluated: 1) customers pay the same fixed price (FP) in all periods - the base case, 2) a demand response feature (DRP) is added in periods of supply shortages, wherein buyers receive a prespecified credit for reduced purchases, and 3) a real time pricing (RTP) case where prices are forecast for the upcoming day/night pair, then buyers select their quantity purchases sequentially and are charged the actual market-clearing prices. Initial experiments were conducted with active demand-participants, but with a predetermined typical "hockey-stick" supply structure that was varied randomly, over eleven day-night pairs that included heat wave and supply shortages. The RTP structure resulted in the greatest market efficiency, despite the more difficult cognitive problem it poses for buyers. Furthermore, a preference poll comparing DRP and RTP was conducted after each trial; and while 64% of the participants said they preferred DRP before RTP experiments, 76% selected the RTP structure afterwards, a statistically significant reversal of preferences.
Nonlinear optical probe of a singly-charged stranski-krastanow quantum dot

We demonstrate coherent nonlinear response from a singly-charged self assembled quantum dot. A degenerate differential transmission spectrum shows carrier tunneling, leading to a Fano profile.
Projection-Based Model Reduction with Stability Guarantee

A rigorous method for stabilizing linear projection-based reduced-order models without signicantly aecting their accuracy is proposed. Unlike alternative approaches, this method is computationally ecient as it requires primarily the solution of a small-scale convex optimization problem. Furthermore, it is non-intrusive in the sense that it operates directly on readily available reduced-order operators. These can be precomputed using any technique such as Balanced Truncation, Balanced Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, Moment Matching, or other. The proposed method is illustrated with two applications: The reduction with a stability guarantee of the CFDbased model of a linearized unsteady supersonic ow, and that of a coupled CFD-CSD model of a linearized aeroelastic wing-store system in the transonic ow regime.
The Scarlet Letter of Mental Illness: De-stigmatizing Bipolar Disorder

This article is written from the perspective of one who has Bipolar Disorder. It focuses on misunderstandings of Bipolar Disorder, on the fact that it is the person who has the disorder who is most affected by it, and on the struggles but also the benefits of having this and other disorders. It calls upon educators to challenge the stigmas associated with mental illness, noting that while statistically the majority of people suffer from milder forms of Bipolar, the most extreme forms and symptoms of the disorder are popularized as the norm. Such misunderstandings not only cause people to be unfairly stigmatized, but also result in faulty mainstream diagnostic criteria that screen out people with milder forms of the disorder, keeping them from getting treatment.
Screening and interpreting multi-item associations based on log-linear modeling

Association rules have received a lot of attention in the data mining community since their introduction. The classical approach to find rules whose items enjoy high support (appear in a lot of the transactions in the data set) is, however, filled with shortcomings. It has been shown that support can be misleading as an indicator of how interesting the rule is. Alternative measures, such as lift, have been proposed. More recently, a paper by DuMouchel et al. proposed the use of all-two-factor loglinear models to discover sets of items that cannot be explained by pairwise associations between the items involved. This approach, however, has its limitations, since it stops short of considering higher order interactions (other than pairwise) among the items. In this paper, we propose a method that examines the parameters of the fitted loglinear models to find all the significant association patterns among the items. Since fitting loglinear models for large data sets can be computationally prohibitive, we apply graph-theoretical results to divide the original set of items into components (sets of items) that are statistically independent from each other. We then apply loglinear modeling to each of the components and find the interesting associations among items in them. The technique is experimentally evaluated with a real data set (insurance data) and a series of synthetic data sets. The results show that the technique is effective in finding interesting associations among the items involved.
Sensory Motor and Functional Skills of Dizygotic Twins: One with Smith-Magenis Syndrome and a Twin Control.

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), the result of an interstitial deletion within chromosome 17p11.2, is a disorder that may include minor dysmorphic features, brachydactyly, short stature, hypotonia, speech delays, cognitive deficits, signs of peripheral neuropathy, scoliosis, and neurobehavioral problems including sleep disturbances and maladaptive repetitive and self-injurious behaviors. Physical and occupational therapists provide services for children who have the syndrome, whose genetic disorder is frequently not identified or diagnosed before 1 year of age. A comprehensive physical and occupational therapy evaluation was completed in nonidentical twins with one having SMS, using the Sensory Profile; Brief Assessment of Motor Function (BAMF); Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition (PDMS-2); and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). This provides a framework for conducting assessments to enhance early detection and interdisciplinary management with this specialized population.
Matrilineal inheritance: new theory and analysis

In most cultures, extramarital sex is highly restricted for women. In most of those cultures, men transfer wealth to their own sons (patrilineal inheritance). In some cultures extramarital sex is not highly restricted for women, and in most of those cultures, men transfer wealth to their sisters' sons (matrilineal inheritance). Inheritance to sisters' sons ensures a man's biological relatedness to his heirs, and matrilineal inheritance has been posited as a male accommodation to cuckoldry—a paternity strategy—at least since the 15th century. However, longitudinal analysis of the cumulative effect of female extramarital sex indicates that matrilineal inheritance is most advantageous for women and would be more accurately considered a grandmaternity strategy. That is, if the probability that men's putative children are their biological children (ρ = probability of paternity) is less than 1, the probabilistic degree of relatedness between a female and her matrilineal heirs is higher than her corresponding relatedness to her patrilineal heirs. The same holds true for men only if ρ is very low (< 0.46). The upshot is that for moderate levels of female extramarital sex, matrilineal inheritance, relative to patrilineal inheritance, is highly advantageous for women and disadvantageous for men. Consideration of female variance in reproductive success beyond the first generation, and of a man's network of obligation to the inclusive fitness of his relatives, suggests that although the establishment of matrilineal inheritance may require extremely high levels of female extramarital sex, once established, it is likely to be maintained at levels of ρ that reasonably characterize many societies in the ethnographic record. New analysis of previously published data shows a strong association between matrilineal inheritance and moderate to low probability of paternity, and an even stronger relationship between patrilineal inheritance and high probability of paternity.
Generalized Imputed Salvage Values

ABSTRACT This paper studies the classical problem of evaluating end effects when the study period is shorter than the asset's economic life. By relating the concept of imputed salvage value to classical micro-economic theory, we make three contributions. First, we generalize the concept of imputed salvage value, normally defined only for assets whose maintenance and operation costs arc independent of age, to include assets with arbitrary operating and maintenance costs. Second, we show that generalized imputed salvage values are equivalent to the stationary dual prices of an infinite-horizon linear program, thereby providing explicit computational formulae. Third, we argue that imputed salvage values (not market salvage values) correctly measure economic value and, hence, appropriately evaluate end effects.
Sensitivity analysis of an analog circuit model of lamprey unit pattern generator

Neural circuitry within the spinal cord of the lamprey, a primitive vertebrate, can generate self-sustained oscillations for locomotion (swimming). This pattern generator can be modeled as a chain of oscillatory unit pattern generator segments which exhibit behavior depending on the parameter values in the network. Here, the authors present the results of a simulation study of an analog electronic circuit which mimics the behavior of the biological lamprey unit pattern generator. The circuitry mimics a neural network containing 6 neurons with simplified biophysical properties. The analog circuit exhibits symmetric oscillations, asymmetric oscillations, and fixed points, similar to the behavior of the mathematical model of the lamprey. This work is the first in a series of circuits designed to have possible applications in neuroscience research and in the development of artificial locomotor systems.
In search of innovative techniques to evaluate pharmaceutical R&D projects

Abstract This paper is a conceptual paper that examines a new integrative evaluation approach for pharmaceutical R&D projects. It describes recent changes in the health care economy and the underlying scientific and technological revolution that has markedly altered the business environment in which the pharmaceutical industry operates. Changes in cost and technology resulting from managed care organizations, marketing, generic drugs, new drug development risk, and scientific and technological evolution forced us to think of a new way to evaluate R&D projects in the early phase of the project. These changes have placed increased emphasis on the need for improvements in technology management methodologies. A real options approach, especially when combined with other project risk management processes, offers a significant improvement in project selection and review, and resource allocation decisions.
QueryMarvel: A visual query language for temporal patterns using comic strips

In many domains, decision makers want to find and understand patterns of events as these patterns often give insight into the causal relationships among events. Current systems to specify patterns are either too difficult to use or only support simple patterns. We present QueryMarvel, an interactive visual query environment that allows ordinary users to easily and efficiently specify complex temporal patterns. It uses and extends the semantic elements and rules of comic strips with the goal to make specifying and interpreting temporal patterns as easy as reading and writing a comic story. User tests show that using QueryMarvel, users can understand and create temporal patterns faster and with fewer errors than using a form-based interface.
Neural Network Analysis of Event Related Potentials and Electroencephalogram Predicts Vigilance

Automated monitoring of vigilance in attention intensive tasks such as air traffic control or sonar operation is highly desirable. As the operator monitors the instrument, the instrument would monitor the operator, insuring against lapses. We have taken a first step toward this goal by using feedforward neural networks trained with backpropagation to interpret event related potentials (ERPs) and electroencephalogram (EEG) associated with periods of high and low vigilance. The accuracy of our system on an ERP data set averaged over 28 minutes was 96%, better than the 83% accuracy obtained using linear discriminant analysis. Practical vigilance monitoring will require prediction over shorter time periods. We were able to average the ERP over as little as 2 minutes and still get 90% correct prediction of a vigilance measure. Additionally, we achieved similarly good performance using segments of EEG power spectrum as short as 56 sec.
Mathematical Outcomes and Working Memory in Children With TBI and Orthopedic Injury

This study compared mathematical outcomes in children with predominantly moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI; n550) or orthopedic injury (OI; n547) at 2 and 24 months post-injury. Working memory and its contribution to math outcomes at 24 months post-injury was also examined. Participants were administered an experimental cognitive addition task and standardized measures of calculation, math fluency, and applied problems; as well as experimental measures of verbal and visual-spatial working memory. Although children with TBI did not have deficits in foundational math fact retrieval, they performed more poorly than OIs on standardized measures of math. In the TBI group, performance on standardized measures was predicted by age at injury, socioeconomic status, and the duration of impaired consciousness. Children with TBI showed impairments on verbal, but not visual working memory relative to children with OI. Verbal working memory mediated group differences on math calculations and applied problems at 24 months post-injury. Children with TBI have difficulties in mathematics, but do not have deficits in math fact retrieval, a signature deficit of math disabilities. Results are discussed with reference to models of mathematical cognition and disability and the role of working memory in math learning and performance for children with TBI.
Non-contact thermoacoustic imaging of tissue with airborne ultrasound detection

Non-contact detection of abnormalities in tissue is performed with highly sensitive airborne capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) detecting signals generated by the thermoacoustic effect at dielectric contrast interfaces. CMUTs with pressure sensitivities as low as 240 µPa are fabricated across a range of frequencies that can enable a system resolution sufficient for imaging. The detection limits of these CMUTs are assessed in the context of the end-to-end imaging system. Remote or non-contact imaging is of particular value in the medical imaging field for enabling portable and inexpensive imaging of various tissues.
Quality of service for networked virtual environments

A definition and measurement of quality of service for networked virtual environments (NVEs) presents many challenges, in part due to subjective and qualitative description of users' preferences for NVE-based applications. QoS can be provided, in general, as a per-application service, a network layer option, or both. Many of the proposed QoS architectures for NVE-based applications include the per-application service approach. Most of them focus on video and audio components with less emphasis on user interactions and user-level QoS. A review of architectures and approaches to QoS for NVEs identifies related issues. Those issues include user-level QoS and mapping between user and application-level QoS, as well as the relationship between application-level QoS and network-level requirements. An approach is described that, for a given user-level QoS value, provides a reductions in network requirements by optimizing task or application-level scenarios. An example based on the DIVE testbed illustrates the approach.
Commentary on the Symposium “Governance and Citizenship in Asia: Identity and Sovereignty in the Age of Globalization”

The three articles in this mini-symposium explore issues involving governance, citizenship, sovereignty, and identity in this era of globalization. Asia provides an interesting setting for these explorations because the countries possess dramatically different cultures, economies, histories and traditions despite geographical proximity and, in many cases, widespread and pervasive population migration across national borders. As Joseph Chow and Kerry Kennedy note, their study, “Citizenship and Governance in the Asian Region,” includes findings from only five Asian societies and yet “. . . one is not democratic (Hong Kong), one is newly democratic (Indonesia), one has a history of democracy but also instability (Thailand) and two have developed democracy in the post-World War II period but after initial experience with authoritarian rule (Korea and Taiwan)” (p. 5). Others have documented how the differences in government have affected societal institutions and relations between government and civil society (Read and Pekkanen 2009). While these articles address fundamental issues about individualism, collectivism, the relationship between individuals and states, how people learn what it means to be a citizen, the role of states in defining membership (“citizenship”) and values, and the inter-relationships among these issues, they also serve as poignant reminders about potentially damaging consequences for individuals when identities are defined through collectives, particularly state-controlled institutions, including public schools. Thus for example, the articles by Puja Kapai and Laurance J. Splitter emphasize problems with identity and citizenship for migrants in this era of globalization. The recent waves of migration among countries in Asia have increased the importance of these issues. Not surprisingly, therefore, the articles question the efficacy of states defining citizenship by long-standing traditional criteria such as birthplace, descent, and loyalty as well as the state’s role in educating and socializing individuals into their role as citizens and the values citizens are expected to embrace. Public Organiz Rev (2012) 12:313–316 DOI 10.1007/s11115-012-0188-5
Evaluation of the percutaneous absorption of chlorpromazine from PLO gels across porcine ear and human abdominal skin.

ABSTRACTObjective: The overall objective of this work is to determine the percutaneous absorption of chlorpromazine hydrochloride from pluronic lecithin organogels (PLO gels) and verify the suitability of topically applied chlorpromazine hydrochloride PLO gels for use in hospice patients for relieving symptoms such as vomiting and nausea during the end stages of life.Methods: PLO gels of chlorpromazine hydrochloride were prepared using isopropyl palmitate (IPP) or ricinoleic acid (RA) as oil phase. In vitro percutaneous absorption of chlorpromazine hydrochloride was assessed through porcine ear and human abdominal skin. Further, the theoretical steady state plasma concentration (Css) of chlorpromazine was calculated from the flux values.Results: The pH, viscosity, and stability of both PLO gels prepared with IPP and RA were comparable. The thixotropic property of RA PLO gel was found to be better than that of IPP PLO gel. The permeation of chlorpromazine hydrochloride was higher from RA PLO gel than from ...
Earth System Monitoring, Introduction

This section provides sensing and data collection methodologies, as well as an understanding of Earth’s climate parameters and natural and man-made phenomena, to support a scientific assessment of the Earth system as a whole, and its response to natural and human-induced changes. The coverage ranges from climate change factors and extreme weather and fires to oil spill tracking and volcanic eruptions. This serves as a basis to enable improved prediction and response to climate change, weather, and natural hazards as well as dissemination of the data and conclusions. The data collection systems include satellite remote sensing, aerial surveys, and land- and ocean-based monitoring stations. Our objective in this treatise is to provide a significant portion of the scientific and engineering basis of Earth system monitoring and to provide this in 17 detailed articles or chapters written at a level for use by university students through practicing professionals. The reader is also directed to the closely related sections on Ecological Systems, Introduction and also Climate Change Modeling Methodology, Introduction as well as Climate Change Remediation, Introduction to. For ease of use by students, each article begins with a glossary of terms, while at an average length of 25 print pages each, sufficient detail is presented for use by professionals in government, universities, and industries. The chapters are individually summarized below.
Creation of barley genotypes with complex resistance to edaphic stresses by methods of cell culture

Barley genotypes resistant at the same time to acidity, aluminum toxicity, and osmotic stress were created by methods of cell culture. We developed optimal selective media for callus cultures containing 20–30 mg/L of Al3+ and 10% of polyethylene glycol (PEG) added in direct and reverse sequences. We observed an increase in the survival rate and the regenerative activity of callus after the reintroduction of genotype into the culture in vitro. We found six regenerant lines with crop yield significantly (by 10–43.2%) exceeding that of Bios 1 standard and original varieties, which was provided by higher productive tillering (28% higher) and kernel percentage (10% higher than in standard). The advantage of regenerant lines was especially obvious in high acidity provocative background (pH = 4.2) under abnormally hot and dry conditions of 2010.
There Are Plenty of Fish in the Sea: The Effects of Choice Overload and Reversibility on Online Daters’ Satisfaction With Selected Partners

Online dating is often lauded for improving the dating experience by giving singles large pools of potential partners from whom to choose. This experiment investigates how the number of choices online daters are given, and whether these choices are reversible, affects romantic outcomes. Drawing on the choice overload and decision reversibility theoretical frameworks, we show that, a week after making their selection, online daters who chose from a large set of potential partners (i.e., 24) were less satisfied with their choice than those who selected from a small set (i.e., 6), and were more likely to change their selection. While choice reversibility did not affect daters’ satisfaction, those who selected from a large pool and had the ability to reverse their choice were the least satisfied with their selected partner after one week. The results advance understanding of how media features related to choice affect interpersonal evaluations.
Acculturation and Adverse Birth Outcomes in a Predominantly Puerto Rican Population

Introduction Latinas in the United States on average have poorer birth outcomes than Whites, yet considerable heterogeneity exists within Latinas. Puerto Ricans have some of the highest rates of adverse outcomes and are understudied. The goal of this study was to determine if acculturation was associated with adverse birth outcomes in a predominantly Puerto Rican population. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of Proyecto Buena Salud, a prospective cohort study conducted from 2006 to 2011. A convenience sample of pregnant Latina women were recruited from a tertiary care hospital in Massachusetts. Acculturation was measured in early pregnancy; directly via the Psychological Acculturation Scale, and via proxies of language preference and generation in the United States. Birth outcomes (gestational age and birthweight) were abstracted from medical records (n = 1362). Results After adjustment, psychological acculturation, language preference, and generation was not associated with odds of preterm birth. However, every unit increase in psychological acculturation score was associated with an increase in gestational age of 0.22 weeks (SE = 0.1, p = 0.04) among all births. Women who preferred to speak Spanish (β = -0.39, SE = 0.2, p = 0.02) and who were first generation in the US (β = -0.33, SE = 0.1, p = 0.02) had significantly lower gestational ages than women who preferred English or who were later generation, respectively. Similarly, women who were first generation had babies who weighed 76.11 g less (SE = 35.2, p = 0.03) than women who were later generation. Discussion We observed a small, but statistically significant adverse impact of low acculturation on gestational age and birthweight in this predominantly Puerto Rican population.
Control of the Kistler K-1 first stage reorientation prior to entry

The control design for the Kistler K1 First Stage reorientation maneuver is presented. The reorientation maneuver follows the main engine burn that places the first stage on a trajectory to return it to the landing site. The design takes advantage of the available aerodynamic moment to accelerate the first stage in the direction of the desired orientation for entry. The maneuver takes place near the apex of the first stage return trajectory, a region of low dynamic pressure. Small Attitude Control System (ACS) thrusters are used to stabilize the vehicle during the maneuver. The maneuver must therefore, complete prior to re-entry. This paper also presents a method for incorporating this time constraint into the design.
Who Are the Morenas

That Brazilians hold a different conception of race from Americans has become quite clear to analysts both in Brazil and in the U.S. However, Brazilians do understand the nuances of how race is defined in their own country much better than they understand U.S. conceptions of race, just as would be expected of Americans in understanding U.S. versus Brazilian conceptions of race. Nonetheless, Harris et al. (1993) claim that their findings "expose the error of imposing upon the rest of the hemisphere rigid dichotomous (white/nonwhite) or trichotomous (white/mixed/black) categories deemed appropriate for establishing racial identity in the U.S." (451). They recommend that color self-identification in the Brazilian Census allow respondents to use the more popular morenalo term rather than (or in addition to) pardalo, which is the term used by the Brazilian Census. However, I am concerned that because the term morenalo is an ambiguous referent to race, its use greatly mystifies racial distinctions in Brazil. Also, generalizing results from one small town to a socially and economically diverse and mostly urban country seems risky at best. The authors imply that officials and analysts of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE), the federal agency responsible for carrying out the Census of Brazil, do not understand Brazilian conceptions of race or color and therefore parody U.S. racial categories. The IBGE continues to use the categories of white (branca), parda/o and black (preto) because they believe that these categories best capture a salient hierarchy of racial distinctions across a large heterogeneous country where the scores of racial labels, like morena/o, are often ambiguous and may vary regionally. The use of the popular term morena/o would likely include persons at nearly all points in the color continuum with the exception of white persons with light hair color (loira/o). While Harris and associates collected extensive data on both objective and subjective indicators of race, I am struck by the fact that the authors do not examine the extent to which racial self-identification is linked to actual phenotype. Why haven't the authors told us who are the whites (under alternative categorizations)? Who are the morenas? What do they look like? The first author's own evidence, like that of many others, suggests that morena/o is an ambiguous racial category. Harris (1970) observed that Brazilians seem to define almost any combination of facial features by the term morenalo "with a high but unpatterned frequency" (12). Earlier, Harris (1956) defined
Amantadine hydrochloride: inhibitory effect on murine sarcoma virus infection in cell cultures.

SummaryAmantadine hydrochloride (1 adamantanamine hydrochloride), a compound reported to be active against influenza viruses and Rous sarcoma viruses, inhibited the in vitro cellular transformation induced by Murine sarcoma viruses. The antiviral activity is not due to direct inactivation of the virus.
Win-fit: Efficient intersection management via dynamic vehicle batching and scheduling

Intersection management is one of the most challenging tasks in traffic control. In this paper, to significantly decrease the average delay for autonomous vehicles to cross an intersection without any collision, vehicles are dynamically grouped and a selected winner group is allowed to drive through the intersection as one batch unlike most existing approaches, which only schedule individual autonomous vehicles one by one. Further, certain vehicles in the non-winner groups are allowed to safely cross the intersection during idle time slots (if any) unused by the winner group to further decrease the delay. Our approach has the lower-bound time complexity, and decreases the average trip delay to cross a simulated intersection by 31%–95% compared to several state-of-the-art baselines.
Mid-El Niño erosion at nourished and unnourished Southern California beaches

Wave conditions in Southern California during the 2015–2016 El Nino were similar to the 2009–2010 El Nino, previously the most erosive (minimum beach widths and subaerial sand levels) in a 7 year record. As of February 2016, Torrey Pines Beach had eroded slightly below 2009–2010 levels, threatening the shoulder of a major highway. However, Cardiff, Solana, and Imperial Beaches, nourished with imported sand in 2012, were on average 1–2 m more elevated and more than 10 m wider than in 2009–2010. Monthly subaerial sand elevation observations showed that the nourished beaches remained consistently wider than unnourished beaches under similar wave conditions. In contrast to a 2001 nourishment at Torrey Pines built with native sized sand that was removed from the beach face during a single storm, these relatively coarse grained nourishments protected shorelines for several years, and during the significant wave attack of the 2015–2016 El Nino, as of February 2016.
Analysis on monitoring results of Hand foot and mouth disease pathogen in Qinzhou city in 2011

Objective: To understand the etiology and epidemic characteristics of Hand foot and mouth disease in Qinzhou city,and provide the scientific basis for Hand foot and mouth prevention and control in the city.Methods: The throat and anal swabs were collected from HFMD patients and detected for enteroviruses by RTPCR.Results: A total of 192 mild HFMD specimens were detected in 2011,and 158 samples were positive for Human enterovirus nucleic acid,The total positive rate was 82.29%.Among them,twenty cases were EV71(10.42%),sixty-eight cases were type CoxA16(35.42%),Seventy cases were other EV(36.46%).Conclusion: The main pathogens of Hand foot and mouth disease in Qinzhou city in 2011 were CoxA16 and other EV.
Differential effects of plane of protein or energy nutrition on visceral organs and hormones in lambs

Modulation of somatotrophic and homeorhetic hormones, along with changes in visceral mass and metabolic activity, were measured in growing lambs restricted in energy (ER) or metaboliz- able protein (PR) to maintain BW for 7 wk and then repleted for 2 wk. Control lambs were fed an adequate diet for 9 wk. Serum IGF-I decreased more rapidly in PR, but both ER and PR were 70% of controls by wk 7 of restriction ( P < .05) and increased above controls by d 14 of repletion. Somatotropin, increased by PR, returned to control levels upon repletion (P < .05). Insulin was decreased by PR (P c .02) but was transiently elevated above controls by repletion in ER and PR at d 2 ( P < .O 1). Serum triiodothyronine, reduced to 70% of controls by PR and ER, returned to control levels after d 6 of repletion ( P < .05). Thyroxine declined gradually to 65% of controls in ER and PR ( P < .07) but did not respond to repletion. By wk 7 of restriction, liver mass in ER and PR was decreased to 50% of controls (P < .05). Return of liver mass, on an empty body weight basis, occurred by d 2 of repletion ( P < .01). In vitro 02 consumption per gram of liver tissue was increased to 125% of controls by ER and PR ( P < .05). Calculated whole liver 02 consumption in ER and PR was 68% of controls at wk 7 of restriction (P < .lo). Protein restriction had a more immediate impact on hormones but not on visceral mass or activity compared with energy restriction. Elevated IGF-I levels, as observed in previously restricted lambs, may mediate compensa- tory growth in ruminants.
Analogy-based multiple process planning system with resource conflicts

Computer-aided process planning is becoming a widely prevalent technology in modern manufacturing systems. The research presented here describes a new methodology for generating process plans based on the analogy deductive paradigm. The method uses rules that represent relations between two shapes and allow inference of the type: shape A is to shape B as C is to D, where usually D is the unknown shape. The system uses backward chaining and therefore gradually converts the part from its finished (designed) form into its initial form. This method can generate multiple process plans for each given part; the paper also presents a method of selecting the best combination of process plans to maximize the production rate of that part. Once the dominant combination of plans is selected, the paper presents a method to calculate a proper production quantity for each process plan. This method is based on “coalition theory” and uses Shapley values to evaluate each member of such a coalition. The system has been implemented on a SUN workstation using Quintus Prolog and C++. The current implementation considers prismatic parts only.
Polarized radiative transfer of a cirrus cloud consisting of randomly oriented hexagonal ice crystals: The 3×3 approximation for non-spherical particles

Abstract The reflection and transmission of polarized light for a cirrus cloud consisting of randomly oriented hexagonal columns were calculated by two very different vector radiative transfer models. The forward peak of the phase function for the ensemble-averaged ice crystals has a value of order 6 × 10 3 so a truncation procedure was used to help produce numerically efficient yet accurate results. One of these models, the Vectorized Line-by-Line Equivalent model (VLBLE), is based on the doubling–adding principle, while the other is based on a vector discrete ordinates method (VDISORT). A comparison shows that the two models provide very close although not entirely identical results, which can be explained by differences in treatment of single scattering and the representation of the scattering phase matrix. The relative differences in the reflected I and Q Stokes parameters are within 0.5% for I and within 1.5% for Q for all viewing angles. In 1971 Hansen [1] showed that for scattering by spherical particles the 3×3 approximation is sufficient to produce accurate results for the reflected radiance I and the degree of polarization (DOP), and he conjectured that these results would hold also for non-spherical particles. Simulations were conducted to test Hansen׳s conjecture for the cirrus cloud particles considered in this study. It was found that the 3×3 approximation also gives accurate results for the transmitted light, and for Q and U in addition to I and DOP. For these non-spherical ice particles the 3×3 approximation leads to an absolute error 2 × 10 − 6 for the reflected and transmitted I , Q and U Stokes parameters. Hence, it appears to be an excellent approximation, which significantly reduces the computational complexity and burden required for multiple scattering calculations.
What use are fibromyalgia control points

Objective To investigate the relationship between control points and symptom and distress severity in fibromyalgia (FM). Methods Eighty-four new patients with FM seen at an outpatient rheumatology center from December 1994 through August 1996 underwent tender point and dolorimetry examinations at 18 active and 4 control sites. All completed the assessment scales for fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, global severity, pain, and functional disability, and a composite measure of distress constructed from scores of sleep disturbance, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and global severity -- the Rheumatology Distress Index (RDI). Results Control point positivity was common in FM (63.1%) and was associated with somewhat more severe FM symptoms and general distress, yielding an increase in the RDI of 9.2 units or 0.55 standard deviation units. There was no evidence of particularly worse disease in patients with high counts of control tender points, and increasing numbers of tender points beyond the first positive control point were generally not associated with, or were only weakly associated with, increasing symptom severity. Many patients with positive control points had only mild levels of symptom severity. Finally, we found no clusters of patients with very severe symptoms associated with control points, or with dolorimetry scores, or with ratios of dolorimetry scores from different body regions of varying pain thresholds. Conclusion Positive control points are a common feature (63%) in FM, and appear to be a marker for a generally low pain threshold rather than a disproportionate increase in severe symptoms or distress. Control point positivity should not be used to disqualify a diagnosis of FM. Control point measurements do not add much to FM diagnosis or assessment and, perhaps, should be abandoned. At the least, they should be designated "high threshold" points rather than control points. Dolorimetry is considerably less useful in FM assessment than the manual tender point examination.