cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Not Just Another False Memory: Further Thoughts on the UFO Abduction Phenomenon

It is traditional to begin responses in Psychological Inquiry by thanking the commentators. We want to be sure to do the same, especially given the topic of our target article. We began that article by noting that academic psychologists have historically been reluctant to convey the impression that fringe phenomena like unidentified flying object (UJFO) abductions are even worthy of discussion. In his commentary, Hallwhose own extensive efforts to understand the abduction phenomenon we greatly respect-claims that reports of extraterrestrial encounters are so far beyond the pale of mainstream academic speculation that, "simply by studying [them], one risks ridicule and damage to one's reputation." Fortunately, the 12 insightful commentaries clearly demonstrate that not everyone is quite so timid. Again, we thank our colleagues for taking the time to respond to our ideas. The goal of our target article was to propose an explanation for why many people who otherwise seem sane and honest have come to believe that they have been abducted by extraterrestrials. We organized the article in terms of two basic questions. First, we reviewed literature pertaining to the most obvious question (Why would people claim to remember things that did not actually happen to them?) and discussed it in the context of what we know about UFO abduction reports. That part of our discussion treated abduction accounts as just another kind of false memory that could be created by the same processes that give rise to other false memories. The second part of the article was devoted to answering a related but different question: Why would people claim to remember this in particular? Stories about encounters with extraterrestrials could potentially take many forms, but, in reality, most stories share important features. People constructing alien-encounter memories typically tell stories about themselves in which they are humiliated, powerless, and in pain, and we argued that this is not an incidental aspect of the UFO abduction phenomenon. Despite the diversity of ideas expressed in the commentaries, there are at least some general points of agreement. First, no commentator questions the importance of addressing this topic. We suspect that all would agree with Banaji and Kihlstrom, who state that UFO abduction reports
Identification and sequence of the initiation slte for rat 45S ribosomal RNA synthesis

Abstract The transcription initiation site for rat 45S precursor ribosomal RNA synthesis was determined by nuclease protection mapping with two single-strand endonucleases. S1 and mung bean, and one single-strand exonuclease, ExoVII. These experiments were performed with end-labeled ribosomal DNA from double-stranded pBR322 recombinants and from single-stranded M13 recombinants. Results from experiments using both kinds of DNA and all three enzymes showed that the 5' end of 45S RNA mapped to a unique site 125 bases upstream from the Hind III site in the ribosomal DNA gene. The DNA surrounding this site (designated +1) was sequenced from -281 to +641. The entire sequence of this region shows extensive homology to the comparable region of mouse. This includes three stretches of T residues in the non-coding strand between +300 and +630. Two sets of direct repeats adjacent to these T-rich regions are observed. Comparison of the mouse and human ribosomal DNA transcription initiation sites with the rat sequence reported in this paper demonstrates a conserved sequence at +2 to +16, CTGACACGCTGTCCT. This suggests that this region may be important for the initiation of transcription on mammalian ribosomal DNAs.
Selenium biotransformation by the salt marsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora: Evidence for dimethylselenoniopropionate formation

Phytoremediation of toxic inorganic selenium compounds by accumulation, assimilation, and volatilization is an ideal way to rid contaminated soils and sediments of these molecules. In this context, salt marsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) was investigated for its potential to produce dimethylselenoniopropionate (DMSeP), which as the authors have shown can serve as a precursor for the enzymatic volatilization of the relatively nontoxic gas, dimethylselenide (DMSe). Plants grown in sand culture, under varying saline conditions amended with the environmentally toxic form of selenium (selenate) were analyzed for organoselenium compounds. DMSeP was positively identified in plant tissue and partially purified plant extracts by alkaline degradation to DMSe, [sup 1]H and [sup 77]Se NMR, and by enzymatic cleavage by DMSP lyase to DMSe (and acrylate). DMSeP levels were highest in plants grown in high salt (full-strength seawater) and high selenium. Preliminary evidence suggests that cordgrass may also produce Se-methyl selenomethionine, the putative precursor of DMSeP. This appears to be the first report for the biological assimilation of selenate into DMSeP by a plant species. These findings suggest a possible mechanism for the volatilization of selenium, as DMSe, analogous to that of dimethylsulfide (DMS) production by the salt tolerant cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora.
Vaccination for the expatriate and long-term traveler

Duration of travel is an important factor in addressing travel health safety due to cumulative risk of exposure to illness and injury. The diverse group of expatriate and long-term business and leisure travelers present a different spectrum of issues for the travel medicine practitioner to address during consultation than does the short-term traveler, due to changes in travel patterns and activities, lifestyle alterations, and increased interaction with local populations. Immunization provides one safe and reliable method of preventing infectious illness in this group. We review travel patterns and available data on illnesses that they may be exposed to, including the increased risk of certain vaccine-preventable illnesses. We review the pre-travel management of these travelers, particularly the increased risk of certain vaccine-preventable illnesses as it applies to routine vaccines, recommended travel vaccines and required travel vaccines.
The Relationship of Pulmonary Venous Wedge to Pulmonary Arterial Pressures

A comparison of pressure levels and pressure-time relationships in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary venous wedge pressure (PVWP) tracings was made from cardiac catheterization records of 60 patients, aged 1 day to 16 years. In 50 patients with normal or low PAP's there was close correlation between systolic, diastolic, and mean pressures in the two sites. In all 10 patients with pulmonary hypertension the PVWP's were elevated but were significantly different from corresponding PAP's. The wave contours showed qualitative similarities in most cases, but the duration of the rise in systolic pressure was longer, and the Q-pressure intervals were delayed in the PVWP tracings. Satisfactory PVWP's were obtained in 42 of 67 (63%) consecutive patients approached from the leg. Lack of correlation of pressures from the two sites in the presence of pulmonary hypertension may be attributed, in part, to decreased compliance of the pulmonary arterial system. It is concluded that the PVWP is useful in cathet...
HYDROGEN SEGREGATION AND DIFFUSION AT GRAIN BOUNDARIES

Etude par spectrometrie SIMS de la segregation de l'hydrogene aux joints de grains dans le nickel. La segregation est independante de la nature du joint. Analyse de la diffusivite de l'hydrogene le long des joints. Correlation avec la cinetique de rupture
Postbuckling Analysis of a Wind Turbine Blade Substructure

Postbuckling analysis of composite laminates representative of wind turbine blade substructures, utilizing the commercial finite element software ANSYS , is presented in this paper. The procedure was validated against an existing postbuckling analysis. Three shell element formulations, SHELL91, SHELL99, and SHELL181, were examined. It was found that the SHELL181 element with reduced integration should be used to avoid shear locking. The validated procedure was used to examine the variation of the buckling behavior, including postbuckling, with lamination schedule of a laminate representative of a wind turbine blade shear web. This analysis was correlated with data from a static test. A 100% postbuckling reserve in a composite structure representative of a shear web was quantified through test and analysis. The buckling behavior of the shear web was improved by modifying the lamination schedule to increase the web bending stiffness. Modifications that improved the buckling load of the structure did not always equate to improvements in the postbuckling reserve.
Instruction design collaborations with government information specialists: Opening the conversation.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to foster discussion of the role of government information librarians in the design and implementation of information literacy instruction. Increased accessibility to government information through the internet is bringing all librarians into increased contact with government information, thereby becoming ad hoc documents librarians. Through collaboration with experts in government information, shared knowledge results in opportunities for richer and more comprehensive information literacy instruction.Design/methodology/approach – This review examines evidence of commonality and collaboration between librarians through content analysis of both general and specialized library publications.Findings – Collaboration is a common practice in library instruction to share workload and expertise, yet most literature on this practice focuses on librarian‐faculty collaborative efforts. Limited evidence exists for collaboration between librarians and a severely limited body of l...
Performance and quality measurement in occupational health services: current status and agenda for further research.

Background There is growing interest in evaluating the impact and effectiveness of occupational healthcare services (OHS). Managed care networks, case and disease management, worker health promotion, and utilization review services have proliferated in OHS, usually without scientifically based, objective measures of their impact on the quality of care, outcomes, or costs. Performance and quality improvement (QI) efforts in OHS are different from those in general health care because the population, range of conditions, setting of care, and primary outcomes of interest differ considerably. However, scientific knowledge resulting from the application of QI in general health care can provide a useful framework for the development of measures in OHS. Methods We describe the development, selection, and evaluation of OHS performance and quality measures, and propose a research agenda. Conclusions Quality and performance measures in OHS should address common work-related conditions with high costs, suboptimal outcomes, or unclear parameters for ideal practices. They should reflect stakeholder priorities. Measures should be precise and quantifiable, clearly specified, reliable, valid, and sensitive to important changes. They should be based upon data that can be collected and analyzed at a reasonable cost and effort. The focus of measurement should be on situations where improvement can be achieved by those directly involved in OHS delivery, through defined approaches. Appropriate severity and case-mix adjustment may be especially problematic in OHS. Confidentiality, regulatory concerns, and appropriate use of results must be considered in the development and use of OHS measures. Research is needed to identify, develop, and validate OHS-specific measures, to establish risk adjustment methods, and to test the utility of this information in improving OHS.
Ambient air pollution exposure and full-term birth weight in California

Background: Studies have identified relationships between air pollution and birth weight, but have been inconsistent in identifying individual pollutants inversely associated with birth weight or elucidating susceptibility of the fetus by trimester of exposure. We examined effects of prenatal ambient pollution exposure on average birth weight and risk of low birth weight in full-term births. Methods: We estimated average ambient air pollutant concentrations throughout pregnancy in the neighborhoods of women who delivered term singleton live births between 1996 and 2006 in California. We adjusted effect estimates of air pollutants on birth weight for infant characteristics, maternal characteristics, neighborhood socioeconomic factors, and year and season of birth. Results: 3,545,177 singleton births had monitoring for at least one air pollutant within a 10 km radius of the tract or ZIP Code of the mother’s residence. In multivariate models, pollutants were associated with decreased birth weight; -5.4 grams (95% confidence interval -6.8 g, -4.1 g) per ppm carbon monoxide, -9.0 g (-9.6 g, -8.4 g) per pphm nitrogen dioxide, -5.7 g (-6.6 g, -4.9 g) per pphm ozone, -7.7 g (-7.9 g, -6.6 g) per 10 μg/m 3 particulate matter under 10 μm, -12.8 g (-14.3 g, -11.3 g) per 10 μg/m 3 particulate matter under 2.5 μm, and -9.3 g (-10.7 g, -7.9 g) per 10 μg/m 3 of coarse particulate matter. With the exception of carbon monoxide, estimates were largely unchanged after controlling for co-pollutants. Effect estimates for the third trimester largely reflect the results seen from full pregnancy exposure estimates; greater variation in results is seen in effect estimates specific to the first and second trimesters. Conclusions: This study indicates that maternal exposure to ambient air pollution results in modestly lower infant birth weight. A small decline in birth weight is unlikely to have clinical relevance for individual infants, and there is debate about whether a small shift in the population distribution of birth weight has broader health implications. However, the ubiquity of air pollution exposures, the responsiveness of pollutant levels to regulation, and the fact that the highest pollution levels in California are lower than those regularly experienced in other countries suggest that precautionary efforts to reduce pollutants may be beneficial for infant health from a population perspective.
Studies of Substance P

The physiological role of substance P (SP) is still largely a matter of conjecture. Its extremely high potency in pharmacological tests (stimulation of gut, depression of blood pressure, and vasodilation), its almost exclusive occurrence in the gut and certain areas of the brain (Pernow 1953; Lembeck and Zetler, 1962; McLennan, 1963), and its association with the subcellular particles containing nerve endings (Euler and Lishajko, 1961; Euler 1963; Ryall 1964), suggest an important role in nervous activity. However, this is a suggestion that can be substantiated only after the isolation of a pure chemical entity in sufficient quantity for characterization and pharmacological study. The pure material may after all not show all the biological properties heretofore ascribed to substance P.
Advances in Proteomics Data Analysis and Display Using an Accurate Mass and Time Tag Approach

Proteomics has recently demonstrated utility for increasing the understanding of cellular processes on the molecular level as a component of systems biology approaches and for identifying potential biomarkers of various disease states. The large amount of data generated by utilizing high efficiency (e.g., chromatographic) separations coupled with high mass accuracy mass spectrometry for high-throughput proteomics analyses presents challenges related to data processing, analysis, and display. This review focuses on recent advances in nanoLC-FTICR-MS-based proteomics approaches and the accompanying data processing tools that have been developed to display and interpret the large volumes of data being produced.
STATE-VARIABLE ANALYSIS OF INELASTIC DEFORMATION OF TiC SINGLE CRYSTALS.

The log σ-log ɛ data obtained from load relaxation experiments on TiC single crystals, at 900° to 1400°C, were analyzed in terms of Hart's two-branch rheological model. The analysis verified the existence of a mechanical equation of state within the ranges of stress, strain rate, and temperature employed. Straight and clustered dislocations dominated the micro-structure of samples at low temperatures, while well-developed cell structures dominated the microstructure of samples at high temperatures. The observed changes in log σ-log ɛ curves and the dislocation structure both indicate that, in addition to the glide-controlled mechanisms, climb/cross-slip-controlled mechanisms contribute significantly to the plastic flow with increasing temperature.
FROM BEDSIDE TO PACKAGE INSERT: PRESENTATION OF AEs IN PRODUCT LABELING

The appropriate presentation of adverse event (AE) data in product labeling first requires that AEs be collected in a consistent and systematic fashion. Data from placebo-controlled trials, active-control trials, and uncontrolled trials require different analytic techniques and should usually be presented separately. The integrated summary of safety should form the basis for displaying AE data in product labeling. Federal regulations dictate which AEs must be described under ‘kontraindications, ’’ “warnings,” “precautions,” or “adverse reactions. ’’ AEs that are likely due to drug treatment and that are either predictable in occurrence or serious need special attention; for these AEs, the demographic and medical characteristics of the population at risk should be defined. Cumulative rate curves may assist the reader in understanding the link between AE frequency and duration of treatment. Vague terminology (eg. “rare,” “uncommon”) should be avoided in the package insert.
Young's Modulus Reconstruction for Radio-Frequency Ablation Electrode-Induced Displacement Fields: A Feasibility Study

Radio-frequency (RF) ablation is a minimally invasive treatment for tumors in various abdominal organs. It is effective if good tumor localization and intraprocedural monitoring can be done. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using an ultrasound-based Young's modulus reconstruction algorithm to image an ablated region whose stiffness is elevated due to tissue coagulation. To obtain controllable tissue deformations for abdominal organs during and/or intermediately after the RF ablation, the proposed modulus imaging method is specifically designed for using tissue deformation fields induced by the RF electrode. We have developed a new scheme under which the reconstruction problem is simplified to a 2-D problem. Based on this scheme, an iterative Young's modulus reconstruction technique with edge-preserving regularization was developed to estimate the Young's modulus distribution. The method was tested in experiments using a tissue-mimicking phantom and on ex vivo bovine liver tissues. Our preliminary results suggest that high contrast modulus images can be successfully reconstructed. In both experiments, the geometries of the reconstructed modulus images of thermal ablation zones match well with the phantom design and the gross pathology image, respectively.
Graphic design of pinhole cameras.

The paper describes a graphic technique for the analysis and optimization of pinhole size and focal length. The technique is based on the use of the transfer function of optical elements described by Scott (1959) to construct the transfer function of a circular pinhole camera. This transfer function is the response of a component or system to a pattern of lines having a sinusoidally varying radiance at varying spatial frequencies. Some specific examples of graphic design are presented.
Cellular microparticle and thrombogram phenotypes in the Prospective Observational Multicenter Major Trauma Transfusion (PROMMTT) Study: Correlation with coagulopathy

Background Trauma-induced coagulopathy following severe injury is associated with increased bleeding and mortality. Injury may result in alteration of cellular phenotypes and release of cell-derived microparticles (MP). Circulating MPs are procoagulant and support thrombin generation (TG) and clotting. We evaluated MP and TG phenotypes in severely injured patients at admission, in relation to coagulopathy and bleeding.
Fundamentals and Principles of Biomolecules in Adipose Stem Cell Engineering

Biomolecules refer to the biological materials which serve as the structural integrity of tissue-engineered constructs and regulate their components. The main components of biomolecules are the following cellular factors: growth, differentiation, angiogenic, pro-inflammatory, and gene modulated. The specific factors to be used for each tissue-engineered construct can be provided either exogenously or by local or systemic delivery. Adipose tissue is a dynamic “player” in endocrine physiology and serves as a source of cytokine secretion. The ability of ASC to secrete several biologic factors plus evidence at a basic science level lends way to ASC playing a major role in tissue engineering and organ regeneration.
Isothermal degradation of poly‐2,2′‐(m‐phenylene)‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole

The isothermal degradation of poly-2,2'-(m-phenylene)-5,5'-bibenzimidazole in vacuo has been studied. Measurement of the increase in pressure with time, coupled with infrared analysis, was used to determine the distribution of the degradation products. Processes A and B with different second-order rate laws were determined to be significant in the temperature range of 550-700 C. Process A leads to the formation of equimolar quantities of hydrogen and ammonia and has an activation energy of 68 kcal/mole. Process B leads to the production of HCN, NH3, and H2 in the ratio of 1:1:2.5 and has an activation energy of 77 kcal/mole. The activation energies and the rate laws are consistent with a mechanism in which the initial degradation step is the bimolecular reaction of two aromatic rings.
Transport effects and characteristic modes in the modeling and simulation of submicron devices

This paper has two major goals: (1) to study the effect of the common practice of neglecting the convective terms (inertial approximation) in the hydrodynamic model in the simulation of n/sup +/-n-n/sup +/ diodes and two dimensional MESFET devices; and (2) to test analytical criteria, formulated in terms of characteristic values of the Jacobian matrix, as a method of determining the impact of first derivative perturbation terms in this model, and in related energy transport models. This characteristic value analysis can be thought of as generalizing the usual analytical solution of first order linear systems of ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients. Concerning (1), we find that the inertial approximation is invalid near the diode junctions, and near the contact regions of the MESFET device. In regard to (2), we find a proper arrangement of terms, expressing the flux, such that the first derivative part of the system is hyperbolic, both for the hydrodynamic model and the energy transport model. For the hydrodynamic model, two forms of the heat conduction term are studied, including the case of a convective term. This suggests and validates the use of shock capturing algorithms for the simulation. >
Synaptic Vesicles: Turning Reluctance Into Action

Vesicle availability partly determines the efficacy of synaptic communication in the CNS. The authors recently found that some hippocampal glutamate vesicles exhibit reluctance to exocytose during short, high-frequency action potential trains. These same vesicles can be "coaxed" into exocytosis by increased Ca(2+)entry, by direct depolarization of synaptic terminals, or by challenge with hypertonic sucrose, a tool used to cause fusion of the population of release-ready synaptic vesicles. Interestingly, the authors did not find evidence of reluctance at hippocampal GABA synapses, suggesting that vesicle reluctance might be a negative feedback mechanism to prevent runaway excitation. It is also possible that synapses exhibit reluctance to retain a dormant population of readily accessible vesicles, ready to respond to triggers such as enhanced Ca(2+) influx or neuromodulators. Recent work from the calyx of Held synapse suggests that reluctance might arise from inactivation of Ca(2+) channels. The authors review this work, along with several other potential mechanisms of reluctance.
A lumping model for composition- and temperature-dependent partitioning of secondary organic aerosols

An improved lumping model is described for converting multiple semivolatile organic aerosol components into one or more lumped groups that can represent the organic aerosol mixture in atmospheric models. Lumping equations to calculate temperature- and composition-dependent absorption partitioning parameters are presented, together with lumping criteria for dividing components into groups based on component vapor pressure, chemical structure, and activity coefficient in water. Lumping performance of the model is evaluated using a base case mixture of organic aerosol components, random mixtures selected from a set of identified semivolatile organic compounds, and products from the α-pinene/ozone reaction. Modeling results show that aerosol composition has a strong influence on SOA partitioning and lumping accuracy. Comparisons of different lumping criteria suggest that lumping components by a combination of vapor pressure and water interactions or by vapor pressure alone will produce optimum results.
The topography of rat submandibular gland parenchyma as observed with S.E.M.

The parenchymal components of rat submandibular gland were examined by scanning electron microscopy after removal of the stromal connective tissue by acid hydrolysis and/or enzymatic digestion. Secretory acini have polymorphous topographies but usually consist of three to five truncated lobes emanating from a common hilus. They have a mean volume of about 33,000 micrometers3. Myoepithelial cells are associated with the deeper acini of the gland where they cover congruent to 54% of the surface area of their allied acini. Each flattened myoepithelial cell has a central perikaryon that gives rise to four or five broad primary processes that bifurcate two or three times to produce a total complement of 20 to 40 terminal processes per cell, each 0.5 micrometer to 1.7 micrometers wide. The terminal processes of adjacent myoepithelial cells tend to slightly overlap and to attach to each other by desmosomes forming a network over adjacent acini. The components of the duct system are examined and each characterized by salient features as observed with the SEM.
A novel approach for Doppler blood flow measurement

A new approach to frequency estimation for the velocity estimation in Doppler ultrasound blood flow analysis is presented. The basis of the approach is an adaptive sinusoid-tracking algorithm which is effective in extracting nonstationary signals from within noise and estimating their time-varying parameters, such as the frequency, over time. The preliminary studies conducted using simulated signals show the potential of this approach in estimating Doppler frequency shifts under noisy conditions. A qualitative comparison with the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is presented to show the advantages of the proposed technique over the STFT. The proposed approach offers advantages over conventional time-frequency analysis techniques in terms of high time-frequency resolution and high noise immunity.
Bound on the photon charge from the phase coherence of extragalactic radiation.

If the photon possessed a nonzero charge, then electromagnetic waves traveling along different paths would acquire Aharonov-Bohm phase differences. The fact that such an effect has not hindered interferometric astronomy places a bound on the photon charge estimated to be at the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}32}e$ level if all photons have the same charge and ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}46}e$ if different photons can carry different charges.
Age differences in symbolic representations of motor sequence learning

We recently reported that young adults (YA) preferentially recruit cerebellar lobule HVI for symbolic motor sequence learning [3]. Learning magnitude in the symbolic condition was correlated with activation level in lobule HVI. Here, we evaluated age differences in the symbolic representation of motor sequence learning. Fourteen YA and 14 older adults (OA) performed the alternating serial reaction time task (ASRT) under conditions in which the spatial processing component was selectively eliminated from stimulus presentation (spatial versus symbolic), response execution (manual versus vocal), or both. Results showed that OA had reduced learning magnitudes relative to YA. Using the cerebellum lobule HVI as a region-of-interest, we found that OA had significantly lower activation in this region than YA during the symbolic learning conditions (FWE, P<0.05). Similar to YA, OA also showed a significant correlation between learning magnitude and cerebellar activation in the symbolic conditions. These results suggest that although YA and OA recruit similar neural networks during implicit learning, OA under-recruit relevant brain areas which may partially explain their implicit sequence learning deficits.
Curriculum Counter-Strokes and Strokes: Swimming in Non-Existent Epistemological Rivers.

In this article, we examine how Boaventura de Sousa Santos' Epistemologies of the South speaks to a needed dialogue on US educational and curriculum policy in which capitalism and colonialism produ...
Granular Mössbauer absorbers

Abstract The shape of Mossbauer spectra is studied for absorbers consisting of a powder randomly dispersed in a carrier. A general method of calculation is developed and illustrative special cases are discussed which indicate significant deviation from uniform absorber spectra.
A Critical Analysis of Eleven Periocular Lobular Capillary Hemangiomas in Adults.

Purpose To provide a critical analysis of a series of periocular lobular capillary hemangiomas in adults, outlining characteristic clinical and histopathologic patterns in comparison with those of other vascular tumors of adults and children. Design Retrospective observational case series. Methods Review of clinical data, hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections, and immunohistochemical studies of smooth muscle actin (SMA), D2-40, CD34, and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1). Results The 7 female and 4 male patients were diagnosed with periocular lobular capillary hemangioma at a median age of 39 years (range, 17–82 years). The tumors were small (3–14 mm, median size 6 mm) and well circumscribed, arose over the course of weeks to months, and developed most commonly in the canthal region, followed by the upper eyelid skin. The tumors were all composed microscopically of repeating units of various sizes (lobules) consisting of CD34-postive, GLUT-1-negative endothelial cells and SMA-positive pericytes arranged in macro- or microlobules. Some foci also exhibited ectatic vessels or diffuse, nonlobular capillary proliferations. Excision was curative without recurrence. Conclusion Although capillary hemangiomas are more common in children, lobular capillary hemangiomas can also arise in the periocular region of adults. Some histopathologic features of these lesions are shared with those of infantile hemangioma and tufted angioma of children, but features of the clinical presentation and the results of immunohistochemical staining patterns are distinctive.
Amorphous Silicon Films From Dichlorosilane and SiH4 for Solar Cells

We have deposited amorphous silicon films from mixtures of dichlorosilane (SiH2Cl2, DCS), and silane (SiH4) and made the first p-i-n solar cells using i-layers of this material. We measured optical and electronic transport properties of the DCS-derived films and relate them to the solar cell performance. The DCS cells are compared to standard cells made with SiH4.
Decline in muscle insulin-dependent and -independent glucose uptake but not GLUT-4 in 21- vs. 28-day-old rats

The most rapid age-related decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle occurs between 3 and 5 wk of age in rats. Therefore, we studied unstimulated, insulin-stimulated, and in vitro hypoxia-stimulated 2-deoxy-D-[G-3H]glucose (2-DG) uptake in isolated soleus, flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), and epitrochlearis muscles from rats at 21, 28, and 35 days of age. Age-related decrements in insulin- (approximately 40-60%) and hypoxia-stimulated (approximately 50%) 2-DG uptake occurred in all muscles, and most of the decline was evident by 28 days. Unstimulated 2-DG uptake declined significantly with advancing age in the epitrochlearis (73%) and FDB (60%) and tended to decrease in the soleus (38%). The time course and relative magnitude of these decrements were similar under unstimulated, insulin-stimulated, and hypoxic conditions. GLUT-4 protein concentration was unaltered by age in each muscle. These results indicate that a substantial age-related decrement in 2-DG uptake occurs in several limb muscles from rats at 21 vs. 28-35 days by a mechanism that is independent of GLUT-4 levels and not specific for the insulin-dependent pathway.
Observations on the Nature of the Erythropoietic Serum Factor

Serum and plasma from anemic rabbits were found to contain a factor capable of inducing a reticulocytosis when injected into normal animals. This erythropoietic factor seems to be attached to, or to behave like, a serum albumin, alpha globulin or beta globulin. The production of the erythropoietic factor was found to be normal in rabbits in which the lymphatic and the hematopoietic tissues had been damaged through the administration of nitrogens mustard.
Vision-from a wide mantel

Graham’s contributions to visual science are summarized. The emphasis is on his research in color vision, but work on stereoscopic vision is also mentioned.
Dendrimer-RNA nanoparticles generate protective immunity against lethal Ebola, H1N1 influenza, and Toxoplasma gondii challenges with a single dose

Vaccines have had broad medical impact, but existing vaccine technologies and production methods are limited in their ability to respond rapidly to evolving and emerging pathogens, or sudden outbreaks. Here, we develop a rapid-response, fully synthetic, single-dose, adjuvant-free dendrimer nanoparticle vaccine platform wherein antigens are encoded by encapsulated mRNA replicons. To our knowledge, this system is the first capable of generating protective immunity against a broad spectrum of lethal pathogen challenges, including H1N1 influenza, Toxoplasma gondii, and Ebola virus. The vaccine can be formed with multiple antigen-expressing replicons, and is capable of eliciting both CD8+ T-cell and antibody responses. The ability to generate viable, contaminant-free vaccines within days, to single or multiple antigens, may have broad utility for a range of diseases.
Foreign Communication Policy and DBS: 1962-1984

State support for DBS research, including the active participation of NASA and the Department of Defense in the Applications Technology Satellite (ATS) experiments, coupled with ongoing government support for USIA and CIA propaganda activities, generated a degree of mistrust among officials of foreign states toward the American stated disinterest in DBS. By the mid-1970s, direct broadcasting was seen by many LDCs both to be a boon and a threat to their development aspirations. A DBS system could be applied in the manner of the ATS educational television trial, yet it could also be used for Northern-defined commercial or political ends. The latter appeared more likely given the large-scale costs involved in establishing a DBS system. These costs also inhibited any one LDC from pursuing DBS developments without foreign assistance.1
Violence against doctors in the Indian subcontinent: A rising bane

Incidents of violence against doctors in the Indian subcontinent have increased in the last few years. Most doctors in India, China, Pakistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka are concerned about their safety at work. The problem is worse in government hospitals, which characteristically lack appropriate security protocols. In order to tackle the issue, doctors need to accept the problem, discuss the various causative factors, understand the public sentiment and collaborate with the government to find a solution. Formulation of legal provisions and standards to ensure the safety of health workers is the need of the hour.
On the graphite-induced UV transparency in phosphate glasses

Abstract In this Communication, the origin of the graphite-induced UV transparency in phosphate glasses is scrutinized beyond the commonly accepted reduction of metal impurities. A systematic study was carried out by melting phosphate glasses with increasing amounts of graphite powder. Subsequent characterizations were performed by UV/Vis transmission, photoluminescence, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The data points to a structural modification accompanying the enhanced UV transparency. A model accounting for P O C bond formation and the generation of reactive oxygen species is proposed in line with the new structural view suggested.
The Case Against Fiduciary Entity Veil Piercing

The doctrine of USACafes holds that whenever a business entity (a “fiduciary entity”) exercises control over and, therefore, stands in a fiduciary position to another business entity (the “beneficiary entity”), those persons exercising control, whether directly or indirectly, over the fiduciary entity (the “controller(s)”) owe a fiduciary duty to the beneficiary entity and its owners. Focusing on control as the defining element, courts have applied this far-reaching doctrine across all statutory business forms — including corporations, limited partnerships, and LLCs — and through successive tiers of parent-subsidiary entity structure to assign liability to the individuals that ultimately exercise control over an entity. In this respect, USACafes enables what two prominent business law jurists have aptly described as “a particularly odd pattern of routine veil piercing.”This Article argues that USACafes is a needless doctrine that stands in conflict with other, more fundamental precepts of law and equity. Accordingly, when presented with the opportunity, the courts of Delaware and other jurisdictions should reject its holding. Instead, the law ought to respect the fiduciary entity for what it is: a legal person separate and apart from its owners and controllers. If the limited liability veil of a fiduciary entity is to be pierced, then it should be under the more rigorous legal standard that courts have traditionally applied in veil piercing cases.
TCP Performance Over UMTS Dedicated Channels with Finite RLC Buffer Size

In this paper, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effects on the performance of a TCP connection over a UMTS dedicated channel when the size of the acknowledged mode radio link control (AM-RLC) data buffer at the radio network controller is finite. The consequence of this restriction is that buffer overflow can occur. The TCP flavour (Tahoe, Reno, New Reno or SACK), FTP file size, RLC buffer size and DCH data rate are varied independently to map the effects of buffer size on the link throughput. The results are used to demonstrate how small changes in the RLC buffer size can have a significant impact on TCP throughput and that this impact varies considerably with TCP flavour. Explanations for the differing behaviours are examined in detail throughout the paper, before summarising with the overall conclusions.
Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Function Reflect the Severity of Injury in Rats With Chronic Heart Failure.

Abstract Objective For chronic heart failure (CHF), more emphasis has been placed on evaluation of systolic as opposed to diastolic function. Within the study of diastology, measurements of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal myocardial relaxation have the most validation. Anterior wall radial myocardial tissue relaxation velocities along with mitral valve inflow (MVI) patterns are applicable diastolic parameters in the differentiation between moderate and severe disease in the ischemic rat model of CHF. Myocardial tissue relaxation velocities correlate with traditional measurements of diastolic function (ie, hemodynamics, Tau, and diastolic pressure-volume relationships). Methods and Results Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left coronary artery ligation or sham operation. Echocardiography was performed at 3 and 6 weeks after coronary ligation to evaluate LV ejection fraction (EF) and LV diastolic function through MVI patterns (E, A, and E/A) and Doppler imaging of the anterior wall (e′ and a′). The rats were categorized into moderate or severe CHF according to their LV EF at 3 weeks postligation. Invasive hemodynamic measurements with solid-state pressure catheters were obtained at the 6-week endpoint. Moderate (N = 20) and severe CHF (N = 22) rats had significantly (P Conclusion Radial anterior wall e′ and E/e′ can be used for serial assessment of diastolic function in rats with moderate and severe CHF.
Examining the Factor Structure of the Coping With Community Violence Scale for Urban Youth

Coping strategies may play an important role in how youth respond to exposure to community violence (ECV) and, in turn, influence the impact of violence exposure on their psychosocial functioning. ...
ACMT Position Statement: Addressing the Rising Cost of Prescription Antidotes

Antidotal therapy is an essential component of poisoning management. In recent years, there have been unprecedented increases in the costs of antidotes. The American College of Medical Toxicology calls upon providers, hospitals, formularies pharmaceutical industry, government, insurance companies, and pharmacy benefit managers to adopt practices to ensure that antidotes are available to our patients and price are based on value and cost.
A larger sense of purpose: dentistry and society

Dentistry is undergoing a subtle shift away from being a profession to becoming a business. The two cultures of professionalism and business are contrasted. Among the forces driving this change are the emphasis on esthetics in dentistry and the increasing inability of a large class of patients to access dentistry on a business basis. The shift toward dentistry as a business entails the unhealthy transition toward regarding patients as means to satisfy the dentist's ends rather than patients' health being an end in itself. Dentists run the risk of "objectivifying" rather than "humanizing" patients. This trend must be overcome with a larger sense of purpose; placing dentist's self-interests within the larger context of enlightened self-interest.
The Psychophysiology of Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Abstract. Several decades of research are reviewed, assessing patterns of psychophysiological reactivity in anxiety patients responding to a fear/threat imagery challenge. Findings show substantive differences in these measures within principal diagnostic categories, questioning the reliability and categorical specificity of current diagnostic systems. Following a new research framework (US National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], Research Domain Criteria [RDoC]; Cuthbert & Insel, 2013), dimensional patterns of physiological reactivity are explored in a large sample of anxiety and mood disorder patients. Patients’ responses (e.g., startle reflex, heart rate) during fear/threat imagery varied significantly with higher questionnaire measured “negative affect,” stress history, and overall life dysfunction – bio-marking disorder groups, independent of Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals (DSM). The review concludes with a description of new research, currently underway, exploring brain function indices (stru...
ZFR coordinates crosstalk between RNA decay and transcription in innate immunity

Control of type I interferon production is crucial to combat infection while preventing deleterious inflammatory responses, but the extent of the contribution of post-transcriptional mechanisms to innate immune regulation is unclear. Here, we show that human zinc finger RNA-binding protein (ZFR) represses the interferon response by regulating alternative pre-mRNA splicing. ZFR expression is tightly controlled during macrophage development; monocytes express truncated ZFR isoforms, while macrophages induce full-length ZFR to modulate macrophage-specific alternative splicing. Interferon-stimulated genes are constitutively activated by ZFR depletion, and immunostimulation results in hyper-induction of interferon β (IFNβ/IFNB1). Through whole-genome analyses, we show that ZFR controls interferon signaling by preventing aberrant splicing and nonsense-mediated decay of histone variant macroH2A1/H2AFY mRNAs. Together, our data suggest that regulation of ZFR in macrophage differentiation guards against aberrant interferon responses and reveal a network of mRNA processing and decay that shapes the transcriptional response to infection.
Correlation of Cell Surface Biomarker Expression Levels with Adhesion Contact Angle Measured by Lateral Microscopy.

Immunophenotyping is typically achieved using flow cytometry, but any influence a biomarker may have on adhesion or surface recognition cannot be determined concurrently. In this manuscript, we demonstrate the utility of lateral microscopy for correlating cell surface biomarker expression levels with quantitative descriptions of cell morphology. With our imaging system, we observed single cells from two T cell lines and two B cell lines adhere to antibody-coated substrates and quantified this adhesion using contact angle measurements. We found that SUP-T1 and CEM CD4+ cells, both of which express similar levels of CD4, experienced average changes in contact angle that were not statistically different from one another on surfaces coated in anti-CD4. However, MAVER-1 and BJAB K20 cells, both of which express different levels of CD20, underwent average changes in contact angle that were significantly different from one another on surfaces coated in anti-CD20. Our results indicate that changes in cell contact...
Cardioprotection by the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response is Mediated by ATF5

Rationale: The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt ) is a conserved signaling pathway triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction. The transcription factor ATF5 is proposed to be central to mammalian UPR mt signaling. We hypothesized that UPR mt activation may be cardioprotective against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, and that this protection would require ATF5. Objective: To determine whether pharmacologic UPR mt activation protects mouse hearts from acute IR injury in an ATF5-dependent manner. Methods and Results: Loss of ATF5 did not affect baseline IR injury in an ex-vivo perfused heart model. However, in-vivo administration of the UPRmt inducers oligomycin or doxycycline 6 h prior to ex-vivo IR injury was cardioprotective. Such protection was absent in hearts from Atf5 -/- mice, as well as in hearts given doxycycline only during ex-vivo perfusion. Genes encoding known UPR mt -linked chaperones exhibited modest but significant cardiac induction by oligomycin after 6 h. In addition, cardiac gene expression analysis by RNA-Seq revealed mild induction of numerous genes in an ATF5-dependent manner, which may be important for cardioprotection. Conclusion: ATF5 is required for cardioprotection induced by drugs that activate the UPR mt .