cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Natal recruitment and adult retention in a population of nine-banded armadillos

Nine-banded armadillosDasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758 are interesting in part because (a) they give birth to litters of genetically identical quadruplets, and (b) the species’ range has expanded rapidly throughout the southern United States during the last 150 years, suggesting substantial dispersal of individuals. Using data from 7 field seasons between 1992 and 1999, we examined the extent of juvenile recruitment and retention of adults in a population of armadillos from northern Florida. There were no sex differences in the likelihood of recruitment or most attributes of male and female recruits at any age. In the few cases where more than one littermate was recruited into the population, siblings were significantly more widely dispersed as adults than they were as juveniles, thus limiting opportunities for interaction among clonal siblings. There was some evidence that recruits ranged more widely than other individuals, suggesting recruits may have been searching for suitable sites to establish themselves. Recruits were heavier than non-recruits as both juveniles and yearlings, which may have aided in establishing a home range, but recruits were lighter than other animals as adults. Overall, slightly less than 50% of armadillos first captured as adults were never seen in a subsequent year, suggesting these individuals may have been transients. However, some adults remained in the population for multiple years, moving very little from the area where they were first sighted. As with recruits, there were no sex differences in the likelihood of adults being retained in the population nor in the attributes of retained males and females. Retained animals exhibited more extensive anatomical damage and moved farther between successive sightings within years than did non-residents. Adults were more likely to be retained in the population than juveniles were to be recruited, and retained adults were older, heavier, and exhibited more extensive anatomical damage than did recruits. Our data seem to indicate a population characterized by limited recruitment of juveniles (particularly of clonemates) and an adult population exhibiting considerable turnover from year to year, but with a core of individuals who are long-term residents.
Spin- 1 2 quantum field theory in Schwarzschild space

The theory of a quantized Dirac field in the maximal analytic extension of the Schwarzschild metric is presented. The wave equation and its properties under the continuous and discrete symmetries are reviewed, the Green's function is constructed, and the vacuum state so defined is shown to be stable. The excitations of the system are exhibited and the reduction formulas for the states are given.
Teaching simplified network protocols

We created a course that, beginning from a hypothetical shared light bulb as our physical layer, introduced students to a hierarchy of simplified versions of network protocols, including Ethernet, IP, and TCP. This paper describes those simplified protocols, along with the Java framework students used to implement and simulate them.
Skorohod problems with nonsmooth boundary conditions

Abstract The classical Skorohod problem deals with a path-by-path construction of a diffusion process in a region with oblique reflection at the boundary, starting from a standard Brownian motion. We show an existence of a weak solution to this problem if the boundary and the reflection vector-field satisfy the uniform interior cone condition.
Immunohistochemical analysis of differentiation in static and mixed prostate cancer spheroids

Neoplastic multicellular spheroids are in vitro models of solid tumors employed in drug testing and basic research. This study compares differentiation in static and mixed prostate cancer spheroids. Staining intensity of prostate specific antigen (PSA) was down-regulated upon mixing, from 0.21 +/- 0.03 to 0.13 +/- 0.03 in LNCaP multicellular spheroids, and from 0.13 +/- 0.04 to 0.03 +/- 0.02 in DU 145 multicellular spheroids. This was accompanied by 65% increase in the expression of cytokeratins 8 and 18 in DU 145 spheroids. PSA expression extended 60 micro m within static spheroids and was disrupted in mixed culture. Diminished PSA expression and spatial organization suggests a more aggressive cancer. Higher cytokeratin expression could result from either differentiation towards a luminal phenotype or activation of the Ras pathway during dedifferentiation. Thus, the existing paradigm of differentiation established for normal tissue does not apply for our neoplastic spheroids. Cell dedifferentiation is attributed to improved interstitial transport and synthesis of extracellular matrix.
Activation of glycolysis with isoproterenol but not digoxin reverses chronic alcohol depression in hamster hearts.

The purpose of this study was to confirm that an agent, which increases diastolic [Ca2+]i, namely digoxin, depresses cardiac performance, mitochondrial activity, and glycolysis in chronic alcohol-treated and myopathic hearts, and that an agent, which lowers diastolic [Ca2+]i, namely isoproterenol, activates cardiac performance, mitochondrial activity, and glycolysis in these animals. Energy levels, glycolysis, mitochondrial activity, hemodynamics, and cAMP were studied in isolated hearts from three groups of animals, i.e., 9-month control hamsters, hamsters given 50% alcohol until 9 months of age, and 6-month-old cardiomyopathic hamsters in heart failure. Isolated hearts were perfused with either a control medium, a medium containing isoproterenol, digoxin, or digoxin + isoproterenol. Measurement of phosphomonoester sugars, and glucose-6-phosphate, were used to assess glycolytic activity. Oxygen consumption was used to analyze mitochondrial activity. All hearts perfused with either isoproterenol or isoproterenol + digoxin showed an increase in developed pressure, rate-pressure-product, and a decrease in end-diastolic pressure. Isoproterenol activated mitochondrial activity and glycolysis in hearts from myopathic and chronic alcohol hamsters. Based on 31P-NMR studies, isoproterenol or isoproterenol + digoxin improved the over-all energy state of hearts from cardiomyopathic hamsters, but not hearts from control and chronic alcohol hamsters. Digoxin alone augmented the rate-pressure-product and oxygen consumption in control hearts but not hearts from myopathic and chronic alcohol hamsters. Digoxin caused an increase in end-diastolic pressure in myopathic and chronic alcohol hearts but not control hearts. Digoxin depressed glycolysis and worsened the energy state in hearts from cardiomyopathic and chronic alcohol hamsters, but not hearts from control hamsters. In conclusion digoxin, but not isoproterenol nor isoproterenol + digoxin, depressed cardiac performance and glycolysis as well as high energy phosphates in cardiomyopathic and chronic alcohol hearts. Isoproterenol added to digoxin negated the adverse effects of digoxin in cardiomyopathic and chronic alcohol hearts.
Self-Love and Altruism

Whether morality has rational authority is an open question insofar as we can seriously entertain conceptions of morality and practical reason according to which it need not be contrary to reason to fail to conform to moral requirements. Doubts about the authority of morality are especially likely to arise for those who hold a broadly prudential view of rationality. It is common to think of morality as including various other-regarding duties of cooperation, forbearance, and aid. Most of us also regard moral obligations as authoritative practical considerations. But heeding these obligations appears sometimes to constrain the agent's pursuit of his own interests or aims. If we think of rationality in prudential terms–as what would promote the agent's own interests–we may wonder whether moral conduct is always rationally justifiable. Indeed, we do not need to think of rationality in exclusively prudential terms to raise this worry. The worry can arise even if there are impartial reasons–that is, nonderivative reasons to promote the welfare of others.
In Vivo Response-Based Identification of Direct Hormone Target Cell Populations Using High-Density Tissue Arrays

To identify cell populations directly responsive to prolactin (PRL), GH, erythropoietin, or granulocyte-colony stimulating factor within the physiological setting of an intact mammal, we combined in situ detection of hormone-activated signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)-5 in rats with high-throughput tissue array analysis using cutting-edge matrix assembly (CEMA). Inducible activation of Stat5a/b, as judged by levels of nuclear-localized, phosphoTyr694/699-Stat5a/b, served as an immediate and sensitive in situ marker of receptor signaling in rat tissues after injection into male and female rats of a single, receptor-saturating dose of hormone for maximal receptor activation. CEMA tissue arrays facilitated analysis of most tissues, including architecturally complex, thin-walled, and stratified tissues such as gut and skin. In 40 tissues analyzed, 35 PRL-responsive and 32 GH-responsive cell types were detected, of which 22 cell types were responsive to both hormones. Interestingly, PRL b...
Grandparents’ and young adult grandchildren’s identity gaps and perceived caregiving intentions An actor–partner interdependence model

Utilizing communication theory of identity, this study examined identity gaps in relation to grandparents’ (GPs') and their young adult grandchildren's (GC's) communication satisfaction and, in turn, perceptions of GC’s caregiving intentions. Actor–partner interdependence models were examined with path analyses, using self-reported, cross-sectional survey data from GPs and GC (200 dyads). In regard to actor effects, as GPs and GC experienced identity gaps, they were less likely to report communication satisfaction. With lower levels of communication satisfaction, GPs were less likely to believe their GC would provide care for them in the future and GC had weaker intentions to provide care in the future. For partner effects, GP identity gaps were indirectly associated with grandchild caregiving intentions through either GP or GC communication satisfaction. By contrast, GC identity gaps were not significantly indirectly associated with GP perceptions of GC caregiving intentions through either GP or GC commu...
Database as a genre of new media

After the novel, and subsequently cinema privileged narrative as the key form of cultural expression of the modern age, the computer age introduces its correlate — database. Why does new media favour database form over others? Can we explain ist popularity by analysing the specificity of the digital medium and of computer programming? What is the relationship between database and another form, which has traditionally dominated human culture — narrative? In addressing these questions, I discuss the connection between computer's ontology — the way software represents the world — and the new cultural forms privileged by computer culture such as database. I propose that computerisation of culture involves projection of two fundamental parts of computer software — data structures and algorithms — onto the cultural sphere. Thus CD-ROMs and Web databases are cultural manifestations of one half of this ontology — data structures; while new media narratives are manifestations of the second part — algorithms. I conclude by proposing that in computer culture database and narrative do not have the same status. Given that on the level of data organisation most new media objects are databases, it is not surprising that on the level of form database also dominates new media culture.
Status of the NASA continuing investigation of catastrophic balloon failures

The findings and status of the continuing NASA investigation of catastrophic balloon failures, conducted following the adoption in 1984 of a new material specification, are reported on. Current efforts include a microstructual analysis, balloon stress studies, and seal investigations. Attention is given to the Recovery Plan, a program to demonstrate the use of the existing film and to develop an improved film is discussed. No specific cause for the increased occurrence of catastrophic failures has been identified.
The origin of citrus flavor components—III.: A study of the percentage variations in peel and leaf oil terpenes during one season☆

Abstract Peel and leaf oils of “Dancy” tangerine, “Hamlin” orange, and “Marsh” grapefruit were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography at biweekly intervals from spring until harvest. Concentrations of fourteen to sixteen main components in each oil were approximated from the peak heights on the chromatograms. The greatest changes were found in the peel oils of the orange and the tangerine where oxygenated constituents, particularly linalool, decreased markedly in relative concentration as the fruit matured, while the (+)-limonene concentration exhibited a corresponding increase. A relationship between (+)-limonene concentration and linalool concentration was shown graphically. A possible mechanism for linalool biosynthesis was suggested.
SRC Homology 2 Domain-containing Leukocyte Phosphoprotein of 76 kDa (SLP-76) N-terminal Tyrosine Residues Regulate a Dynamic Signaling Equilibrium Involving Feedback of Proximal T-cell Receptor (TCR) Signaling

SRC homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kDa (SLP-76) is a cytosolic adaptor protein that plays an important role in the T-cell receptor–mediated T-cell signaling pathway. SLP-76 links proximal receptor stimulation to downstream effectors through interaction with many signaling proteins. Previous studies showed that mutation of three tyrosine residues, Tyr112, Tyr128, and Tyr145, in the N terminus of SLP-76 results in severely impaired phosphorylation and activation of Itk and PLCγ1, which leads to defective calcium mobilization, Erk activation, and NFAT activation. To expand our knowledge of the role of N-terminal phosphorylation of SLP-76 from these three tyrosine sites, we characterized nearly 1000 tyrosine phosphorylation sites via mass spectrometry in SLP-76 reconstituted wild-type cells and SLP-76 mutant cells in which three tyrosine residues were replaced with phenylalanines (Y3F mutant). Mutation of the three N-terminal tyrosine residues of SLP-76 phenocopied SLP-76-deficient cells for the majority of tyrosine phosphorylation sites observed, including feedback on proximal T-cell receptor signaling proteins. Meanwhile, reversed phosphorylation changes were observed on Tyr192 of Lck when we compared mutants to the complete removal of SLP-76. In addition, N-terminal tyrosine sites of SLP-76 also perturbed phosphorylation of Tyr440 of Fyn, Tyr702 of PLCγ1, Tyr204, Tyr397, and Tyr69 of ZAP-70, revealing new modes of regulation on these sites. All these findings confirmed the central role of N-terminal tyrosine sites of SLP-76 in the pathway and also shed light on novel signaling events that are uniquely regulated by SLP-76 N-terminal tyrosine residues.
Rapid High-Resolution Mapping of Balanced Chromosomal Rearrangements on Tiling CGH Arrays

The diagnosis and classification of many cancers depends in part on the identification of large-scale genomic aberrations such as chromosomal deletions, duplications, and balanced translocations. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) can detect chromosomal imbalances on a genome-wide scale but cannot reliably identify balanced chromosomal rearrangements. We describe a simple modification of array CGH that enables simultaneous identification of recurrent balanced rearrangements and genomic imbalances on the same microarray. Using custom tiling oligonucleotide arrays and gene-specific linear amplification primers, translocation CGH (tCGH) maps balanced rearrangements to ∼100-base resolution and facilitates the rapid cloning and sequencing of novel rearrangement breakpoints. As proof of principle, we used tCGH to characterize nine of the most common gene fusions in mature B-cell neoplasms and myeloid leukemias. Because tCGH can be performed in any CGH-capable laboratory and can screen for multiple recurrent translocations and genome-wide imbalances, it should be of broad utility in the diagnosis and classification of various types of lymphomas, leukemias, and solid tumors.
Interacting dark energy model for the expansion history of the Universe

We explore a model of interacting dark energy where the dark energy density is related by the holographic principle to the Hubble parameter, and the decay of the dark energy into matter occurs at a rate comparable to the current value of the Hubble parameter. We find this gives a good fit to the observational data supporting an accelerating Universe, and the model represents a possible alternative interpretation of the expansion history of the Universe.
Cytolytic Antibodies to Melanocytes in Vitiligo

Abstract Patients with vitiligo have been found to have circulating antibodies to pigment cells. To evaluate the functional activity of these antibodies, a highly sensitive europium release assay was used to compare complement-mediated cytolysis of human melanocytes by sera of 56 patients with vitiligo (20 with active disease, 25 with inactive disease, 11 with unidentified disease activity) and 47 control individuals. Significant melanocyte lysis was mediated by 32 (57%) of the patients with vitiligo but by only three (6%) of the control sera (p These findings indicate that antibodies present in patients with vitiligo have the functional ability to selectively kill melanocytes and are more common in active disease. These observations support, but do not prove, the hypothesis that vitiligo is an autoimmune disease and that antipigment cell antibodies have a role in inducing the disease.
Bacterial Sepsis in the Newborn Infant: Developmental Deficiencies in Neutrophils and the Role of Neutrophil Transfusion

Bacterial sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Group B streptococci and Es cherichia coli are the primary causative organisms. New and theoretically more effective antibiotics have not im proved survival. Because the neonate has defects in the immune response, new forms of therapy may be able to improve outcome by correcting or circumventing those deficiencies. The neutrophil has a substantial role in antibacterial defense, yet neonatal neutrophil function is limited by impaired chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and in tracellular killing. The supply of neonatal neutrophils is restricted by a small neutrophil reserve, a delay in mobilization of neutrophils from the bone marrow re serve after bacterial invasion, a small granulocytopoietic progenitor cell reserve, and a limited ability to acceler ate proliferation of progenitor cells during bacterial in fection. Recent studies of neutrophil transfusions in in fected neonates suggest a beneficial effect at least in certain situations....
Plastic deformation in mgo single crystals

Abstract Slip in MgO takes place by the development of dislocation bands. Like Luders bands, dislocation bands have undergone a fairly constant shear strain, which in this case is about 0·09 radians. Dislocation bands are nucleated usually at surface defects and widen by a dislocation sprouting (multiplication) mechanism. The constant shear strain, and the observed dislocation density inside a band, indicate a mean free path of 10−2 cm for a dislocation in MgO at room temperature. When two orthogonal dislocation bands intersect, one band produces kinking in the other at the intersection. The lattice rotation in the kinked portion of the second band is approximately equal to the shear strain of the first band. The non-accommodated kink boundaries around the intersection produce local stresses which oppose the applied shear stress in the kinked band. These stresses may contribute to the Bauschinger effect and to permanent softening upon reversal of deformation. The lattice rotation has the direction observe...
Autoproteolysis of Rat p67 Generates Several Peptide Fragments: The N-Terminal Fragment, p26, Is Required for the Protection of eIF2α from Phosphorylation†

Eukaryotic initiation factor 2-associated glycoprotein, p67, plays important roles in the regulation of eIF2α phosphorylation and thus maintains cell growth and proliferation. The p67 sequence can be divided into two segments, the N-terminal segment of amino acids 1−107 (p26) and the downstream segment of amino acids 108−480 (p52). Comparison of the amino acid sequences of p67 from lower to higher organisms suggests that there is a progressive addition of several unique domains at the N-terminus of p67, and these unique domains, which are present in p26, play important roles in the modulation of eIF2α phosphorylation in mammalian cells. To test the hypothesis that the p26 segment is generated from p67 due to its autoproteolysis and whether p26 is required for the protection of eIF2α from phosphorylation, we have analyzed the time-dependent cleavage of functionally active rat recombinant p67 purified from either baculovirus-infected insect cells or transiently transfected mammalian cells. We noticed a regu...
Effects of thermoelasticity and a von mises condition in rapid steady-state quasi-brittle fracture

Abstract Rapid steady-state crack growth in a coupled thermoelastic solid at room temperature is considered. The process is quasi-brittle in the sense that a Dugdale inelastic zone forms ahead of the crack. However, the yield condition defining the zone is of the multiaxial von Mises type, which introduces a non-linear condition into the analysis. This zone also acts as an effective heat source for the surrounding thermoelastic material. The zone heat flux function is not known initially, however, but is treated as a process parameter. The associated mixed boundary value problem is solved by a Wiener-Hopf technique, and experimentally-based values for the crack speed and near-crack temperature rise then imposed. This calibration process allows comparisons of the model with standard Dugdale models in non-thermal solids to be made without having to impose a complete fracture criterion. Results show that coupled thermoelasticity and the von Mises condition enhance both inelastic zone size and dynamic fracture toughness, and that this effect increases with crack speed. The zone length values also show agreement with experimentally-based calculations.
Electrophilic additions involving fluoronium ions. I. Fluoroxy additions to perfluoro-olefinic bonds

Abstract The fluoroxy addition of perfluoro-t-butyl hypofluorite to hexafluoro-propene leads predominantly (> 95%) to perfluoro-n-propyl perfluoro-t-butyl ether. The unique structural orientation of this perfluoro-n-propyl product is of interest because the products of fluoride ion addition reactions have previously been reported as perfluoroisopropyl derivatives. The results obtained in this study provide a simple experimental demonstration of electrophilic attack by the O-F group, leading to the addition of the fluoronium ion to the more nucleophilic unsaturated carbon atom. The same mechanism as for a perfluoro-α-olefin applies in fluoroxy addition to a perfluorovinyl ether. The perfluoro-t-butoxy group also adds predominantly (> 95%) to the terminal unsaturated carbon atom.
Inhibition of S6 kinase suppresses the apoptotic effect of eIF4E ablation by inducing TGF-β-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest

The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a critical regulator of cap-dependent translation through its direct activation of ribosomal protein p70 S6 kinase (S6 kinase) and indirect activation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). We recently reported that inhibition of eIF4E expression caused apoptosis in cancer cells in the absence of serum. This was indicated by treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, which suppressed both S6 kinase and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation (dephosphorylated 4E-BP1 binds and inactivates eIF4E), or by knockdown of eIF4E. We report here that knockdown of eIF4E also causes apoptosis in the presence of serum. This was unexpected because rapamycin induces G1 cell cycle arrest in the presence of serum. Upon investigation, we have found that inactivated S6 kinase prevents the apoptotic effect observed by singular knockdown of eIF4E and results in G1 cell cycle arrest. This effect is dependent on TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling which contributes to G1 cell cycle arrest. Suppression of S6 kinase phosphorylation alone is insufficient to mediate cell cycle arrest, indicating that complete G1 cell cycle arrest is due to suppression of both S6 kinase and eIF4E. These data indicate that the cytostatic effect of rapamycin is suppression of both S6 kinase and eIF4E, while the cytotoxic effects are due suppression of eIF4E in the absence of S6 kinase-dependent activation of TGF-β signals. Our findings place an importance on the evaluating the activity/expression level of S6 kinase and eIF4E as readouts for rapamycin/rapalog efficacy.
Analysis of organic salts by laser ionization

Alkali salts of 1-hexyl sulfonate were ionized by laser irradiation and the positive ions were analyzed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium salts produce relatively simple spectra. The major organic ions observed are due to the salt plus a cation or the dimer plus a cation. No molecular or fragment ions were detected. The instrumentation and the method of interpreting these data are described.
The pH dependence of the subpicosecond retinal photoisomerization process in bacteriorhodopsin: evidence for parallel photocycles.

The pH dependence of the subpicosecond decay of the retinal photoexcited state in bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is determined in the pH range 6.8–11.3. A rapid change in the decay rate of the retinal photoexcited state is observed in the pH range 9–10, the same pH range in which a rapid change in the M412 formation kinetics was observed. This observation supports the previously proposed heterogeneity model in which parallel photocycles contribute to the observed pH dependence of the M412 formation kinetics in bR.
Instance weighting versus threshold adjusting for cost-sensitive classification

In real-world classification problems, different types of misclassification errors often have asymmetric costs, thus demanding cost-sensitive learning methods that attempt to minimize average misclassification cost rather than plain error rate. Instance weighting and post hoc threshold adjusting are two major approaches to cost-sensitive classifier learning. This paper compares the effects of these two approaches on several standard, off-the-shelf classification methods. The comparison indicates that the two approaches lead to similar results for some classification methods, such as Naive Bayes, logistic regression, and backpropagation neural network, but very different results for other methods, such as decision tree, decision table, and decision rule learners. The findings from this research have important implications on the selection of the cost-sensitive classifier learning approach as well as on the interpretation of a recently published finding about the relative performance of Naive Bayes and decision trees.
Effects of Clarinet Embouchure on Band Director Tone Quality Preferences: An Exploratory Study

Woodwind methods classes are where most teachers learn the basics of woodwind embouchure and tone production. Woodwind methods texts and beginning band methods disagree on clarinet embouchure. One cannot readily reduce any embouchure to one or two attributes; however, clarinet teachers and band directors often disagree about whether the corners of the mouth are pulled back into a smile or come in toward the mouthpiece, as if saying the letter “Q.” The purpose of this study was to determine if the abovementioned embouchure differences affect clarinet tone quality to a degree that band and orchestra directors would prefer either the “Smile” or the “Q” embouchure sound.Two graduate clarinet majors, one taught using the “Smile” embouchure and the other taught using the “Q” embouchure, recorded a series of sustained tones, scales, clarinet solo literature, and band repertoire to provide examples for timbre analysis and to provide tone quality survey items sent to randomly selected U.S. band directors. Although...
Virtue epistemology: No new cures

One version of virtue epistemology defines knowledge as belief whose truth arises from, or is explained by, the motives that produced it. This version is also intended to solve the Gettier problem, by shielding properly caused beliefs from double accidents. Unfortunately, there is no notion of “explains” or “arises from” which explains in the intended sense the truth of true beliefs.
Regression analysis of experiments with complex confounding patterns guided by the alias matrix

Resolution III experiments with complex confounding patterns, often called main effect plans. Their main effects are partially confounded with two-factor interactions rather than being either independent or completely aliased, as they are in regular designs that are constructed from a defining relation. It is possible to detect some two-factor interactions, from experiments with complex confounding patterns if only a few of the factors are active. The partial confounding of interactions with main effects in these experiments allows one to estimate interactions with regression analysis. Recent papers have shown how the interactions can be detected using repeated runs of stepwise regression, or computationally intensive Bayesian methods. This paper shows that, with a short list of candidate interactions, the important interactions can be detected efficiently by a single pass of all subsets regression. The short list of candidates interactions for the all subsets regression are selected with regard to their potential for contributing to the value of the large estimated effects calculated from the data. The potential is determined by summing coefficients in the alias matrix. This paper reviews the concept of the alias matrix, and defines the alias plot that can be obtained from the alias matrix. The alias plot provides simple graphic for viewing the potential contribution of interactions to large estimated effects. The interactions identified on the alias plot, along with main effects, are used as candidates in an all subsets regression analysis of data from partially confounded experiments. The resulting strategy allows exploration of a wide range of the potential model space, can reveal several plausible models for the data if they exist, and can be completed using standard statistical software. Examples are presented.
High-Latitude Molecular Clouds as Gamma-Ray Sources for the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope

For about two decades, a population of relatively small and nearby molecular clouds has been known to exist at high Galactic latitudes. Lying more than 10° from the Galactic plane, these clouds have typical distances of ~150 pc, angular sizes of ~1°, and masses of order tens of solar masses. These objects are passive sources of high-energy γ-rays through cosmic-ray-gas interactions. Using a new wide-angle CO survey of the northern sky, we show that typical high-latitude clouds are not bright enough in γ-rays to have been detected by EGRET but that of order 100 of them will be detectable by the Large Area Telescope on the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope. Thus, we predict a new steady population of γ-ray sources at high Galactic latitudes, perhaps the most numerous after active galactic nuclei.
East Asian NIC manufactured intra-industry trade 1965–1990

Abstract This paper examines the intra-industry trade of the four East Asian Newly Industrialized Countries (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan) with European markets, Japan and the United States over the period 1965–1990. Five hypotheses are tested: (1) the effects of product differentiation; (2) the presence of scale economies; (3) the broadening of economic bases as the country's GNP increases; (4) the influence of multinational corporations (MNCs); and (5) the income-similarity (Linder) Hypothesis. The paper notes the empirical relevance of Inter-Industry trade for NIC exports, and finds empirical support for several theoretical explanations of this phenomenon. ( JEL F14)
“Diverse, sheer opposite, antipodes”: diversity, opposition, and community in romantic culture

While the romantic period, as traditionally constructed, was defined by a very small canon (the “Big Six”), it was in fact a moment of intense diversity, with cultural production occurring across a wide range of literary genres, with new voices being heard, and with writers confronting their own moment of globalization brought about by the Napoleonic world war and the movements of empire. This diversity was obscured by a tendency, then and now, to define romanticism through opposition, including an opposition to diversity as an explosion of print culture. Behind the narrowing of the romantic canon was a fear of what Blackwood's called “metromanie” as well as an understandable attempt to rescue what matters from a sea of print. Over time, romanticism came to be defined as an exceptional artistic process cut off from the communal life that it both reflected and helped create. I argue that we must rediscover a “communal romanticism” as both the site of romantic creativity and as a mode of scholarly practice ...
Occurrence, Distribution, Epidemiology, Cultivar Reaction, and Management of Rice Blast Disease in California.

Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia grisea, was first found in California in 1996. Disease surveys have shown the blast disease is spreading at a moderate rate in California rice fields. Although no effective major resistance genes are known to occur in widely grown commercial California cultivars, there appear to be differences among the cultivars with respect to field susceptibility to the pathogen. P. grisea was recovered from rice crop residue and commercial seedlots which are suggested as possible sources of initial P. grisea inoculum in California rice fields. Examination of weather data indicates that environmental conditions in California rice-producing areas are permissive for rice blast but generally not optimal for epidemic development. Spore trapping determined that the majority of P. grisea conidia are generally not released until approximately 6:00 A.M. and would not have sufficient time for infection before leaf wetness periods end. Azoxystrobin showed positive results with respect to reduction of neck blast incidence and yield increases in small-plot and large-scale fungicide trials.
ELECTRIC IMPEDANCE OF FERTILIZED ARBACIA EGG SUSPENSIONS.

From the low frequency alternating current impedance and the volume concentrations of suspensions of Arbacia eggs, it is shown that the high resistance membrane is either at or very near the plasma membrane for both unfertilized and fertilized eggs, and that the specific resistances of the perivitelline space and fertilization membrane are not greatly different from that of sea water. The effect of the capacity element which appears after fertilization at intermediate frequencies is considerably less than in the earlier experiments on Arbacia and Hipponoe eggs. These findings indicate that the fertilization membrane does not have the high capacity previously attributed to it and that the increase in membrane capacity takes place at or near the plasma membrane.
An integrated approach to identifying chemically induced posttranslational modifications using comparative MALDI-MS and targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS

Identification of multiple and novel posttranslational modifications remains a major challenge in proteomics. The present approach uses comparative analysis by matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization (MALDI) MS of proteolytic digests from control and treated proteins to target differences due to modifications, without initial assumption as to type or residue localization. Differences between modified and unmodified digest MS spectra highlight peptides of interest for subsequent tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. Targeted HPLC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS is then used to fragment peptides, and manual de novo sequencing is used to determine the amino acid sequence and type of modification. This strategy for identifying posttranslational modifications in an unbiased manner is particularly useful for finding modifications produced by exogenous chemicals. Successful characterization of chemically induced posttranslational modifications and novel chemical adducts is given as an example of the...
Effect of a Live Yeast Culture and Trimethylalkylammonium Stearate on the Performance of Milking Cows

Summary Fifteen Holstein cows were used in a Latin-square design to evaluate the effect of a live yeast culture and Dynafac on the performance of cows. Grain rations were fed which contained no supplement, 1% live yeast culture, or 2g. of Dynafac per cow daily. Good alfalfa hay was used as the sole source of roughage. Rations containing either the live yeast culture or Dynafac did not appear to have any significant effect on the production of 4% FCM, butterfat test, or feed consumption. The average production of 4% FCM during the last six days of each period was 27.8, 27.3, and 27.3lb. per day for cows fed the control, live yeast culture, and Dynafac-containing grain rations, respectively. Cows fed the control ration gained more weight than the other two groups. Neither supplement had any effect on the health and general condition of the cows. Digestion and nitrogen balance data for dry cows fed the experimental grain rations indicated that the two supplements decreased crude protein digestibility and nitrogen utilization. There was an increased excretion of nitrogen in the feces. No evidence was obtained that either the live yeast culture or Dynafac improved the performance of milking cows.
More about the electromechanics of electrowetting

Abstract Classical lumped parameter electromechanics successfully models most observable phenomenology of droplet-based electrowetting and liquid dielectrophoresis. The key to this unifying approach is to express capacitance in terms of the proper mechanical variable. While this capability is easily revealed in modeling microfluidic schemes, where the electrical force drives center-of-mass motions of the liquid, lumped parameter electromechanics also can be adapted for devices such as the liquid lens, where a liquid mass is made to change its shape and is characterized by observable changes in the apparent, liquid/solid contact angle. Because capacitance is usually insensitive to contact angle, irregularities of the liquid configuration, and fringing fields, electromechanical modeling is easy to use. For the case of liquids of finite electrical conductivity, a capacitive- and resistive-based model can be used to predict frequency-dependent effects.
ON THE REPRESENTATION OF PARTIALLY ORDERED SETS

It is well known that any distributive poset (short for partially ordered set) has an isomorphic representation as a poset (Q, ⊆) such that the supremum and the infimum of any finite setF ofP correspond, respectively to the union and intersection of the images of the elements ofF. Here necessary and sufficient conditions are given for similar isomophic representation of a poset where however the supremum and infimum of also infinite subsetsI correspond to the union and intersection of images of elements ofI.
Using Curriculum-Based Assessment in the Responsiveness to Intervention Diagnostic Model for Learning Disabilities

The Responsiveness to Intervention (RI) model for diagnosing learning disabilities has been proposed as an alternative to previous definitions. Given the importance of reliable and valid assessment in the instructional process, assessment must be a crucial aspect of any RI approach. Curriculum-based measurement (CBM) has been discussed in previous descriptions of RI, but arguably does not address all of the components of an RI model. This article examines the potential use of curriculum-based assessment (CBA) in distinguishing ineffective instruction from unacceptable learning and informing instruction, which are two key elements of RI. How CBA can be used to plan, manage, deliver, and evaluate classroom instruction is specifically discussed, as are the central tenets of CBA.
Malignant triton tumor of the head and neck: A case report and review of the literature.

Background Malignant triton tumor (MTT) is a relatively rare, aggressive tumor comprised of both malignant schwannoma cells and malignant rhabdomyoblasts. Because MTT frequently arises in the head and neck, the otolaryngologist must be aware of the nature of the tumor and its response to various treatment modalities. Method This article reviews the treatment and outcome of all reported cases of MTT arising in the head and neck. Conclusions Although statistical analysis is limited by the short duration of follow-up of many patients, complete tumor resection appears to carry an improved chance of survival. Adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy may also improve survival, although a benefit of these therapies was not well demonstrated in this small series. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 21:663–670, 1999.
Effect of practicum experiences on pre-professional physical education teachers' intentions toward teaching students with disabilities in general physical education classes

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of practicum experiences on pre-professional physical education teachers' intentions toward working with individuals with disabilities. Pre-professional physical education teachers were students in their respective university's PETE programs and were categorized based on level of practicum experience. Over a three year period, a total of 596 PETE students completed the Physical Educators' Intention toward Teaching Individuals with Disabilities (PEITID) questionnaire (Rizzo, 2007). Significant differences were found among groups for overall intention to teach students with disabilities in their general physical education classroom. Additionally, trends of more positive intentions among pre-professionals with greater practicum experiences lead to higher Quality of Experience and Perceived Competence. The results of this study indicated that the level and quality of practicum experience significantly influence pre-professional teachers' intentions and competence toward teaching individuals with disabilities. (138 words)
Aging accentuates and bone marrow transplantation ameliorates metabolic defects in Fabry disease mice

Fabry disease is an X-linked metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). The enzyme defect leads to the systemic accumulation of glycosphingolipids with α-galactosyl moieties consisting predominantly of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). In patients with this disorder, glycolipid deposition in endothelial cells leads to renal failure and cardiac and cerebrovascular disease. Recently, we generated α-Gal A gene knockout mouse lines and described the phenotype of 10-week-old mice. In the present study, we characterize the progression of the disease with aging and explore the effects of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on the phenotype. Histopathological analysis of α-Gal A −/0 mice revealed subclinical lesions in the Kupffer cells in the liver and macrophages in the skin with no gross lesions in the endothelial cells. Gb3 accumulation and pathological lesions in the affected organs increased with age. Treatment with BMT from the wild-type mice resulted in the clearance of accumulated Gb3 in the liver, spleen, and heart with concomitant elevation of α-Gal A activity. These findings suggest that BMT may have a potential role in the management of patients with Fabry disease.
Morphologies of inquiry: the uses and spaces of paradigm proliferation 1

This paper examines paradigm proliferation in the context of ongoing efforts by the federal government in the US to regulate academic research. It argues that these efforts amount to an attempt to reposition and de‐center universities as sites of knowledge production, not just about education but across domains. The paper examines this politics as a struggle over the geographies of knowledge‐constitutive networks. It examines the morphology entailed by state methodologies, and sketches alternatives being developed in educational inquiry.
Natural Killer–Cell Lymphoma Involving the Gynecologic Tract

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) can involve the gynecologic tract, most often as a manifestation of systemic involvement, and most cases reported have been of B-cell lineage. We describe 2 women with natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma involving the gynecologic tract that initially presented with vaginal bleeding. In case 1, the patient had a stage IE nasal-type NK-cell lymphoma involving the cervix. The tumor was composed of medium-sized, irregular lymphoid cells with angioinvasion and necrosis. In case 2, the patient had a stage IV blastoid NK-cell lymphoma/leukemia infiltrating all organs in a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy specimen. Subsequent biopsy specimens revealed that the bone marrow and lymph nodes were also involved. The neoplasm was composed of small to medium lymphoid cells with fine nuclear chromatin. Case 1 was assessed immunohistochemically and the neoplastic cells were positive for CD3, CD56, and TIA-1. Case 2 was analyzed using both immunohistochemical and flow cytometry methods. The neoplastic cells were positive for cytoplasmic CD3, CD4, CD7, CD43, CD45, and CD56 and were negative for surface CD3. Both cases were negative for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) and molecular studies showed no evidence of T-cell receptor gamma chain gene rearrangements. The immunophenotype and absence of T-cell receptor gene rearrangements support NK-cell origin. We report these cases to illustrate that NK-cell lymphomas can involve, and rarely arise in, the gynecologic tract.
Taking from those that have more and giving to those that have less: How inequity frames affect corrections for inequity

Abstract Most theories of inequity focus on relative inequity. In contrast, this paper provides evidence that individuals infer what people should have (i.e. an absolute standard) from the way inequity is described. In the reported experiment, participants give more to a subordinate actor when inequity is described in terms of “less than” rather than “more than,” and take more from a dominant actor when inequity is described in terms of “more than” rather than “less than,” even though the magnitude of inequity is constant. Mediational analyses suggest that these differences are driven by changes in individuals’ perceptions of what the actors should have (i.e. the standard). We conclude by discussing the implications for motivated perceptions of inequity and redistributive policy attitudes.