cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photoionization of lithium 1 s 2 2 s and 1 s 2 2 p near the triply excited resonances

A newly developed saddle-point multichannel K-matrix method is used to study the photoionization of lithium from ${1s}^{2}2s$ and ${1s}^{2}2p$ for photon energies near the $2p2p2p$ ${}^{2}{P}^{o}$ and $2s2p2p$ ${}^{2}{L}^{e}$ $(L=0,1,2)$ resonances. Highly accurate initial- and target-state wave functions are used and up to 17 open channels are included in the calculation. The calculated partial and total photoionization cross sections are compared with the available theoretical and experimental data. The partial cross sections obtained in this work suggests that for Li ${1s}^{2}2s$ and ${1s}^{2}2p$ initial states, the $1s$ electron with spin antiparallel to that of the $2s$ (or $2p)$ electron is the one most likely to be ejected in the photoionization process. The elastic and inelastic electron-ion scattering cross sections are also calculated. The relative magnitude of the calculated collision strength is compared with the Auger branching ratios for these resonances.
Stress and Coping: Latino Youth Coming of Age in a New Latino Destination.

Previous research has linked stress to adverse mental health outcomes among Latino adolescents living in the United States. The mechanism through which this process operates continues to be explore...
Statistical learning is constrained to less abstract patterns in complex sensory input (but not the least).

Abstract The influence of statistical information on behavior (either through learning or adaptation) is quickly becoming foundational to many domains of cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience, from language comprehension to visual development. We investigate a central problem impacting these diverse fields: when encountering input with rich statistical information, are there any constraints on learning? This paper examines learning outcomes when adult learners are given statistical information across multiple levels of abstraction simultaneously: from abstract, semantic categories of everyday objects to individual viewpoints on these objects. After revealing statistical learning of abstract, semantic categories with scrambled individual exemplars (Exp. 1), participants viewed pictures where the categories as well as the individual objects predicted picture order (e.g., bird 1 —dog 1 , bird 2 —dog 2 ). Our findings suggest that participants preferentially encode the relationships between the individual objects, even in the presence of statistical regularities linking semantic categories (Exps. 2 and 3). In a final experiment we investigate whether learners are biased towards learning object-level regularities or simply construct the most detailed model given the data (and therefore best able to predict the specifics of the upcoming stimulus) by investigating whether participants preferentially learn from the statistical regularities linking individual snapshots of objects or the relationship between the objects themselves (e.g., bird_picture 1 —dog_picture 1 , bird_picture 2 —dog_picture 2 ). We find that participants fail to learn the relationships between individual snapshots, suggesting a bias towards object-level statistical regularities as opposed to merely constructing the most complete model of the input. This work moves beyond the previous existence proofs that statistical learning is possible at both very high and very low levels of abstraction (categories vs. individual objects) and suggests that, at least with the current categories and type of learner, there are biases to pick up on statistical regularities between individual objects even when robust statistical information is present at other levels of abstraction. These findings speak directly to emerging theories about how systems supporting statistical learning and prediction operate in our structure-rich environments. Moreover, the theoretical implications of the current work across multiple domains of study is already clear: statistical learning cannot be assumed to be unconstrained even if statistical learning has previously been established at a given level of abstraction when that information is presented in isolation.
Analysis on knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP) of chronic non-communicable diseases among residents in Jiangbei District of Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province

Objective To understand knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP) of chronic non-communicable disease and its influencing factors among residents in Jiangbei District of Ningbo City,and provide evidence for disease prevention and control measures development.Methods Two staged random sampling method was used to select 2354 residents in8 streets(town),a face to-face questionnaire survey was carried out.Results KAP level of residents was not high,but hypertension related knowledge level was high.Consulting and lecture demand rate for chronic non-communicable disease prevention and control was 52.3% and 43.6%.The influencing factors of KAP were gender(OR = 1.243,95% CI:1.053-1.466),age(OR = 1.232,95% CI:1.151-1.320),education level(OR = 0.741,95% CI:0.691-0.796).Health knowledge score affected health attitudes(OR = 3.545,95% CI:2.741-4.586) and behaviors(OR = 1.797,95% CI:1.457-2.215).Conclusion Health education and prevention of chronic non-communicable disease should be based on risk factors to carry out intervention among high risk population.Personalized health education and behavior intervention should be carried out except normal health education activities.
Intraductal Activation of Pancreatic Zymogens Behind a Carcinoma of the Pancreas

Pancreatic secretions were collected from a patient with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas who had a T-tube left in the pancreatic duct to relieve pain from ductal distention behind the tumor. Because the tumor totally blocked the duct to the left of the duodenum there was no possibility of activation of the juice by enterokinase. The secretions collected were clear or slightly turbid, with a mean protein concentration of 2 mg per ml and contained no active proteases. One week postoperatively free chymotryptic activity was found in the juice, but no active phospholipase A or elastase were present. Immediately after this the patient had an attack of acute abdominal pain, and his pancreatic secretions became bloody and decreased in volume and protein output. Active chymotrypsin was present in all the bloody specimens, but at lower specific activities than initially observed. When the pain subsided, secretions appeared normal in flow rate and protein output. No free chymotrypsin was found. Suppression of the activation was associated with high levels of secretory trypsin inhibitor in the pancreatic juice. Later analysis showed that enzyme activity appears in the following order: carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, and phospholipase; then elastase and trypsin. A parallel secretion of pancreatic trypsin inhibitor with chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen was also observed.
Respiratory Complication in Liver Disease

Cirrhosis, the twelfth leading cause of death, accounts for 1.1% of all deaths in the United States. Although there are multiple pulmonary complications associated with liver disease, the most important complications that cause significant morbidity and mortality are hepatopulmonary syndrome, hepatic hydrothorax, and portopulmonary hypertension. Patients with cirrhosis who complain of dyspnea should be evaluated for these complications. This article reviews these complications.
Dimensions of Career Choice Considerations for Male and Female Business Students

A problem facing today’s business firms is attracting and retaining the better quality graduates. An important task, therefore, is to identify and make provision for those students’ career expectations. The findings in this research identify important career expectations and indicate that there are potentially important differences between females’ and males’ expectations.
SpotLight: An Information Service for the Cloud

Infrastructure-as-a-Service cloud platforms are incredibly complex: they rent hundreds of different types of servers across multiple geographical regions under a wide range of contract types that offer varying tradeoffs between risk and cost. Unfortunately, the internal dynamics of cloud platforms are opaque along several dimensions. For example, while the risk of servers not being available when requested is critical in optimizing the cloud's risk-cost tradeoffs, it is not typically made visible to users. Thus, inspired by prior work on Internet bandwidth probing, we propose actively probing cloud platforms to explicitly learn such information, where each "probe" is a request for a particular type of server. We model the relationships between different contracts types to develop a market-based probing policy, which leverages the insight that real-time prices in cloud spot markets loosely correlate with the supply (and availability) of fixed-price on-demand servers. That is, the higher the spot price for a server, the more likely the corresponding fixed-price on-demand server is not available. We incorporate market-based probing into SpotLight, an information service that enables cloud applications to query this and other data, and use it to monitor the availability of more than 4500 distinct server types across 9 geographical regions in Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud over a 3 month period. We analyze this data to reveal interesting observations about the platform's internal dynamics. We then show how SpotLight enables two recently proposed derivative cloud services to select a better mix of servers to host applications, which improves their availability from ~70-90% to near 100% in practice.
Dryland vegetation from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Indiana (Illinois Basin): the dryland biome in glacioeustatic, paleobiogeographic, and paleoecologic context

A macrofloral assemblage dominated by elements of the Euramerican dryland biome is described from the Brazil Formation in Clay County, Indiana (Illinois Basin). Fossils were recovered from a thin heterolithic unit between a shallow-marine bed and the paleosol beneath the Minshall Coal, a Middle Pennsylvanian succession deposited near the Atokan-Desmoinesian and Bolsovian-Asturian boundaries. Sedimentological indicators imply accumulation under a seasonal climate, including interbedded siltstone and sandstone deposited during flashfloods, intraclasts eroded from local sources, and charcoal produced by wildfires. The macrofloral assemblage is consistent with a dryland setting, being dominated by large, coriaceous gymnosperm leaves with mesic to xeric traits, including Cordaites spp. indet., Lesleya sp. indet., and Taeniopteris sp. cf. T. multinervia. Sphenopsids and ferns typical of the wetland biome are rare. In contrast, the microfloral assemblage is dominated by fern spores, with lesser lycopsid spores and cordaitalean pollen. The succession indicates that the dryland biome predominated during late regression, prior to the onset of perhumid conditions that resulted in peat accumulation at late lowstand. However, the abundance of palynomorphs from wetland vegetation implies gradual fragmentation of the prevailing dryland flora and replacement by the wetland biome in the transition to glacial maximum. The taphonomic and paleobiogeographic context confirms that floras adapted to seasonal moisture deficit periodically dispersed into tropical lowlands, rather than being transported from ‘extrabasinal’ or ‘upland’ environments. The precocious occurrence of Taeniopteris, more typical of Late Pennsylvanian and Permian floras, may be the earliest record of the fossil-genus, and exemplifies the association of derived plant taxa with dryland habitats. The predominance of broad-leaved gymnosperms with mesic to xeric characters suggests that dryland communities contained more slow-growing and long-lived plants than contemporaneous wetland floras.
A Survey of Neurophysiology Fellows in the United States.

Fellowship training in Clinical Neurophysiology (CNP) is often sought following Neurology residency. However, data documenting the reasons for choosing CNP fellowship, and experiences therein, are sparse. Current Neurophysiology fellows across the United States participated in a 17-item, Internet-based survey. Data regarding demographics, reasons for choosing fellowship, adequacy of training, and future plans were collected. Among respondents (n = 49), 84% graduated from a US medical school. Personal interest in CNP was the most common reason for choosing the fellowship. Program choice was guided by location and clinical strength of the program. Choosing a program based on clinical strength was likely to result in higher satisfaction scores. Overall, most (87%) were satisfied with their current program giving a satisfaction score of 4 or 5 on a 1–5 Likert scale. Lesser time spent in the epilepsy monitoring unit and EEG was also associated with higher satisfaction scores—these were also the areas that seemed to be most stressed during training. No differences emerged between male and female respondents in their answers to the various survey questions. The authors encountered a group of academically minded CNP trainees who are satisfied with their choice of fellowship, the current application process, and training received. Most intend to have a future in academic medicine. The CNP areas that seem to need further development in providing a well-rounded fellowship include training in sleep, evoked potentials, and intraoperative monitoring. The findings would be informative to future fellowship trainees and to program officers.
The safety of intrauterine devices among young women: a systematic review.

Abstract Objective The objective was to determine the association between use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) by young women and risk of adverse outcomes. Methods We searched Pubmed, CINAHL, Embase, Popline and the Cochrane Library for articles from inception of database through December 2015. For outcomes specific to IUD use (IUD expulsion and perforation), we examined effect measures for IUD users generally aged 25 years or younger compared with older IUD users. For outcomes of pregnancy, infection, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and heavy bleeding or anemia, we examined young IUD users compared with young users of other contraceptive methods or no method. Results We identified 3169 articles of which 16 articles from 14 studies met our inclusion criteria. Six studies (Level II-2, good to poor) reported increased risk of expulsion among younger age groups compared with older age groups using copper-bearing (Cu-) IUDs. Two studies (Level II-2, fair) examined risks of expulsion among younger compared with older women using levonorgestrel-releasing (LNG-) IUDs; one reported no difference in expulsion, while the other reported increased odds for younger women. Four studies (Level II-2, good to poor) examined risk of expulsion among Cu- and LNG-IUD users combined and reported no significant differences between younger and older women. For perforation, four studies (Level II-2, fair to poor) found very low perforation rates (range, 0%-0.1%), with no significant differences between younger and older women. Pregnancies were generally rare among young IUD users in nine studies (Level I to II-2, fair to poor), and no differences were reported for young IUD users compared with young combined oral contraceptive (COC) or etonogestrel (ENG) implant users. PID was rare among young IUD users; one study reported no cases among COC or IUD users, and one reported no difference in PID among LNG-IUD users compared with ENG implant users from nationwide insurance claims data (Level I to II-2, fair). One study reported decreased odds of bleeding with LNG-IUD compared with COC use among young women, while one study of young women reported decreased odds of removal for bleeding with LNG-IUD compared with ENG implant (Level I to II-2, fair). Conclusion Overall evidence suggests that the risk of adverse outcomes related to pregnancy, perforation, infection, heavy bleeding or removals for bleeding among young IUD users is low and may not be clinically meaningful. However, the risk of expulsion, especially for Cu-IUDs, is higher for younger women compared with older women. If IUD expulsion occurs, a young woman is exposed to an increased risk of unintended pregnancy if replacement contraception is not initiated. IUDs are safe for young women and provide highly effective reversible contraception.
Mer Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Is Over-Expressed In and Contributes to Oncogenesis In Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract 1390 The abnormal activation of tyrosine kinases in pediatric leukemias has been associated with a poor prognosis, and provides a potential focus for targeted therapy. Pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is known to be particularly difficult to treat successfully. The development of therapy for AML targeted against a specific cancer-promoting signaling pathway would potentially allow for a more efficacious clinical response with less therapy-associated toxicity. The Mer Tyrosine Kinase (TK), a transmembrane receptor in the TAM family, is known to regulate intracellular pathways promoting cell survival and proliferation in a number of malignancies, but has not previously been explored in AML. We assessed the prevalence of Mer TK expression in AML. Western blot and flow cytometric analysis demonstrated aberrant expression of Mer TK in 80% (13 of 15) of AML cell lines. Similarly, greater than 85% (24 of 28) of samples from newly diagnosed pediatric AML patients expressed Mer TK on leukemic blasts. In addition, 5 of 6 pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory AML had increased or equivalent Mer expression by flow cytometry relative to diagnostic samples. To assess whether Mer plays a role in proliferation in AML, we investigated downstream signaling pathways in the Nomo-1 and Kasumi-1 AML cell lines. Phosphoarray and western blot analysis demonstrated increased phospho-Erk 1/2, phospho-Akt, phospho-mTOR and phospho-MSK1 following treatment with Gas6, the Mer ligand. These data demonstrate activation of pathways which are known to aid in malignant cell survival. To assess the effect of Mer TK inhibition on myeloblast phenotype, we used two different shRNA constructs to decrease expression of Mer by >50% in the Nomo-1 and Kasumi-1 cell lines. The ability of these cell lines to evade apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry following staining with propidium iodide and Yo-Pro-1-iodide. Compared to wild-type Nomo-1 and Kasumi-1, the cell lines expressing decreased levels of Mer demonstrated two to four times more apoptosis in response to serum starvation (p To explore how knockdown of Mer affects myeloblast survival in vivo , we used a mouse xenograft model. Sub-lethally irradiated NSG mice were injected intravenously with wild-type Nomo-1 or Mer knock-down Nomo-1 lines and tumor-free survival was determined. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated and demonstrated a statistically significant difference in survival between mice injected with wild-type Nomo-1 cells and those injected with a Nomo-1 Mer knock-down cell line (20 versus 43 days, p in vivo and suggest that inhibition of Mer TK may have a clinically significant effect in patients as a targeted therapy in the treatment of human AML. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Transfer of Training: The Known and the Unknown

Transfer of training is one of the oldest topics of interest to industrial and organizational (I/O) psychologists. Drawing on several meta-analytic studies and recent empirical work, we first synthesize what is now reliably known with respect to the generalization and retention of learned knowledge and skills to work contexts. The second part of our review focuses on what is unknown—the significant gaps in our knowledge where we believe new directions in our research strategies are warranted. We offer three prescriptions: (a) going one step beyond most existing studies to offer greater precision in our specification and measurement of variables and interventions, (b) connecting the dots by focusing on transfer criteria and transfer trajectories, and (c) shifting the operative paradigm of research to examine contemporary learning from a problem-centered perspective. There is ample opportunity to increase the yield on enormous organizational investments in training if transfer scholars and practitioners are...
The Dog that Didn’t Bark: The case of Juan Carlos Rodríguez

The extensive body of research associated with the name of Juan Carlos Rodriguez has failed to receive the attention it deserves. The reasons commonly adduced, by way of explanation, focus upon factors external to the texts themselves. In this article I review two recently published books by Rodriguez and a celebratory volume with an eye to foregrounding other, internal barriers to Rodriguez’s reception. These include a cyclical style of argumentation, of the kind associated with symptomal reading ; the absence of a clear exposition of the Althusserian problematic upon which Rodriguez’s seminal texts are otherwise based; and a critique of Althusser’s alleged historicism, which, while it scores some useful points, was less than attentive to the philosopher’s complexities. More damagingly, this same critique also fuelled the scurrilous distortions of Althusser’s work still circulating throughout the bourgeois academy and so threatens Rodriguez’s own work with premature closure.
Competitive and Cooperative Effects during Nickel Adsorption to Iron Oxides in the Presence of Oxalate

Iron oxides are ubiquitous in soils and sediments and play a critical role in the geochemical distribution of trace elements and heavy metals via adsorption and coprecipitation. The presence of organic acids may potentially alter how metals associate with iron oxide minerals through a series of cooperative or competitive processes: solution complexation, ternary surface complexation, and surface site competition. The macroscopic and molecular-scale effects of these processes were investigated for Ni adsorption to hematite and goethite at pH 7 in the presence of oxalate. The addition of this organic acid suppresses Ni uptake on both minerals. Aqueous speciation suggests that this is dominantly the result of oxalate complexing and solubilizing Ni. Comparison of the Ni surface coverage to the concentration of free (uncomplexed) Ni2+ in solution suggests that the oxalate also alters Ni adsorption affinity. EXAFS and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies indicate that these changes in binding affinity are due to the formati...
Impact of Genomic Research on Soybean Breeding

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is the leading oilseed crop in the world and a primary source of vegetable oil for human consumption and protein meal for animal feed. The USA is the world’s largest soybean producer followed closely by Brazil and Argentina. Soybean breeding has been successful in developing soybean varieties with high yield, enhanced seed composition, and disease and pest resistance using conventional breeding approaches. The main challenge faced by soybean researchers has been continuously increasing genetic gain, yet increases in genetic gain have been observed over the past 80 years. Genomic technologies and DNA markers have been successfully developed and utilized in soybean over the past two decades to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL)/genes for traits of economic importance. These technologies have subsequently been utilized to introgress and select for these traits, enabling breeders to accelerate the breeding cycle and develop productive soybean cultivars. In this chapter, first we briefly review DNA marker technologies and how they have been used to characterize soybean germplasm. Then, we present examples of how genomic tools have been used for QTL discovery for traits of importance and conducting molecular breeding. To conclude, we provide our perspectives on the future of soybean breeding using DNA markers and next-generation sequencing.
Risk Factors for Development and Progression of Scoliosis After Pediatric Cardiothoracic Operations.

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for the development and rate of progression of scoliosis and moderate/severe scoliosis in patients undergoing cardiothoracic operations (CTOs). Methods Included were patients aged younger than 12 years who underwent CTOs in 1995 to 2006 with a preoperative chest roentgenogram (CRG) and a CRG at least 8 years after CTOs. Scoliosis and moderate/severe scoliosis were defined as a Cobb angle of 10 degrees or more and an angle of 25 degrees or more or the need for surgical intervention, respectively. Risk factors were analyzed using nonparametric and parametric survival analyses. For patients that developed scoliosis, progression rate was analyzed using linear regression models for repeated measures using CRG at 6-month intervals. Results The study included 871 patients (380 girls [44%]). Median CRG follow-up was 11 years (interquartile range, 9 to 13 years). Overall 10-year incidence of scoliosis and moderate/severe scoliosis was 12% and 3%, respectively. Independent predictors for scoliosis included female sex (hazard ratio [HR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 2.5), syndrome (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.8), and isolated developmental delay (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.2). For development of moderate/severe scoliosis, independent risk factors included female sex (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4 to 5.8), syndrome (HR, 3; 95% CI, 1.5 to 6.1), isolated developmental delay (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1 to 9.2]), and prematurity for neonates/infants (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1 to 5.2). Rate of angle progression was 0.17 times the current angle per year. Age, syndrome, and developmental delay were risk factors for angle progression. Conclusions Patients that undergo pediatric CTO, regardless of the operative approach, are at increased risk for development of scoliosis and moderate/severe scoliosis. Long-term follow-up of these patients is warranted, in particular for girls and patients with genetic syndromes or developmental delay.
Innovation culture and the performance of new product launches: A global study

Abstract We examine how innovation culture affects new product launch performance in a sample of entrepreneurial ventures (N = 334). In order to examine the relation between innovation culture and new product launch performance, we embarked on a two-step process. First, we examined the factor structure of innovation culture—results confirmed nine-dimensions. Here, a grouped confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) examined cross-cultural differences between eastern and western cultures. Second, the dimensions of innovation culture were used to determine culture profiles across these 334 entrepreneurial ventures. We found two clear subpopulations of innovation culture and we link these two clusters to new product development (NPD) performance (i.e., new product sales and profits averaged over 5 years). In particular, a Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) suggested two profiles existed with respect to innovation culture—that is, ventures that ranked ‘high’ across all innovation culture dimensions versus ventures that ranked ‘low’ across all nine dimensions. Ventures scoring higher across all innovation culture dimensions had significantly higher new product profits and sales. In a series of robustness checks, a path model revealed no significant moderation by region (i.e., eastern vs. western countries) in the innovation culture to performance relationship. Implications as well as directions for future research are discussed.
Health Reform and the Future of Medical Practice

The adoption of the accountable care organization model means that coordination of care will greatly improve, doctors will end up taking a much more active role in preventive care, and access will have to increase dramatically, perhaps with office-hour changes to accommodate patients' schedules.
An Investigation of Neutral-Beam-Driven Impurity Flow Reversal as an Impurity Control Method in Future Tokamaks

A theory for the effect of directed neutral beam injection on impurity transport in tokamaks is extended to include temperature gradient effects. The extended theory is compared with experimental data, from PLT, and certain coefficients are adjusted to provide agreement. The adjusted theory is applied to assess the potential of NBI being used to prevent impurities from penetrating to the center of future tokamak plasmas, thereby possibly creating a cold radiating edge. The results indicate the possibility of creating a cold radiating edge in TETR and in future tokamaks represented by FED and STARFIRE.
Promoting wellness and stress management in residents through emotional intelligence training.

Background US physicians are experiencing burnout in alarming numbers. However, doctors with high levels of emotional intelligence (EI) may be immune to burnout, as they possess coping strategies which make them more resilient and better at managing stress. Educating physicians in EI may help prevent burnout and optimize their overall wellness. The purpose of our study was to determine if educational intervention increases the overall EI level of residents; specifically, their stress management and wellness scores. Participant and methods Residents from pediatrics and med-ped residency programs at a university-based training program volunteered to complete an online self-report EI survey (EQ-i 2.0) before and after an educational intervention. The four-hour educational workshop focused on developing four EI skills: self-awareness; self-management; social awareness; and social skills. We compared de-identified median score reports for the residents as a cohort before and after the intervention. Results Thirty-one residents (20 pediatric and 11 med-ped residents) completed the EI survey at both time intervals and were included in the analysis of results. We saw a significant increase in total EI median scores before and after educational intervention (110 vs 114, P=0.004). The stress management composite median score significantly increased (105 vs 111, P<0.001). The resident's overall wellness score also improved significantly (104 vs 111, P=0.003). Conclusions As a group, our pediatric and med-peds residents had a significant increase in total EI and several other components of EI following an educational intervention. Teaching EI skills related to the areas of self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and social skill may improve stress management skills, promote wellness, and prevent burnout in resident physicians.
CARDIOVASCULAR SAFETY OF MEXILETINE AS A THERAPY FOR MYOTONIA IN PATIENTS WITH MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) patients suffer from myotonia and are at increased risk for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Recent studies found that the Class IB antiarrhythmic mexiletine improves myotonia symptoms in DM patients. However, whether treatment of DM patients with mexiletine alters risk
Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: JACC Review Topic of the Week

Highlights •T2MI occurs due to myocardial oxygen supply/demand mismatch without acute atherothrombotic plaque disruption and is associated with adverse short- and long-term prognoses. •T2MI is a heterogeneous entity usually caused by a noncoronary trigger. Individualized care is needed. •Consensus is needed about diagnosis. Imaging may help characterize processes leading to myocardial injury, facilitate the identification of acute myocardial ischemia, and help distinguish MI from injury.
profiling areas of ground water contamination by pesticides in california: phase ii – evaluation and modification of a statistical model

A well sampling study was conducted to evaluate anempirical approach to classifying areasof land in California as vulnerable to ground watercontamination by pesticides (Troiano et al., 1994). Wells were sampled from sections of land that had noprevious detections of pesticideresidues. The sections had been classified into vulnerablesoil clusters or into a not-classified groupusing a procedure based on Principal Components Analysis(PCA). Grape, citrus, and olive growingareas of Fresno and Tulare Counties were targeted, areas wherepre-emergence herbicide residues hadbeen detected in well water. Overall, herbicide residues weredetected in 75 of 176 sampled wells, ahigh frequency of detection in relation to results fromprevious targeted well sampling studies. Sinceresidues were also detected in the not-classified group, theclassification procedure was modified usingan approach based on Canonical Variates Analysis (CVA). Moresections were classified intovulnerable soil clusters with the CVA approach than with thePCA method. Data from two otherexplanatory variables, depth to ground water and amount ofpesticide used per section, were includedto illustrate how additional information can be incorporatedinto this approach of identifying vulnerable areas.
Adapting Evidence-Based Practices to Improve Library Instruction: Using Customized Tools to Support Peer Mentoring and Observation.

To improve the quality of our instruction and to contribute to student success, we designed an instructional development program using peer mentoring and observation grounded in evidence-based prac...
Integration and structure building across a sentence boundary: ERP indicators of definite/indefinite article, noun repetition, and comprehension skill effects

ABSTRACTText comprehension requires integrating meanings within and across sentences. However, sentence boundaries mark an occasion for readers to begin a new structure – integration with prior mea...
Including Deaths When Measuring Health Status Over Time

Measuring health status over time is problematic when some subjects die, because death does not have a defined value on most health status measures. This situation is different from the usual missing data problem because the health status of the dead is, in a sense, known. We examined eight strategies for incorporating deaths into such analyses using three health status measures taken from two data sets, after which we used computer simulation to explore more fully the effect of deaths. The strategies differed in the amount of influence given to the deaths, varying from none (deaths were discarded) to complete (mortality itself was the health measure). The strategies that gave less influence to deaths tended to show more favorable changes in health over time, and therefore, tended to favor the group that had more deaths. The strategies that were more influenced by death showed more negative changes over time and favored the group with fewer deaths. The choice of strategy should depend on the goals of an intervention. For health promotion studies, we recommend recoding the health variables to estimate the probability that a person will be healthy in 2 years (or in some other period that can be estimated from the data).
2021 Hysteroscopic Polypectomy with Stone Retrieval Basket

Video Objective To present an alternative approach to hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy. Currently most hysteroscopic polypectomy procedures are performed using a single use instruments such as a bipolar resectoscope or one of the several commercially available hysteroscopic morcellation devices. This surgical procedure allows the completion of a hysteroscopic polypectomy without incurring the costs associated with these single use instruments. Setting A 70-year-old female with post-menopausal bleeding and an ultrasound finding concerning for an endometrial polyp. Interventions Hysteroscopic removal of an endometrial polyp with a urologic stone retrieval basket. Conclusion The utilization of a stone retrieval basket is a novel and effective method for retrieving a wide based endometrial polyp following incomplete resection with hysteroscopic scissors.
Neurology of Nutritional Deficiencies

The goal of this chapter is to educate clinicians on the neurologic manifestations of certain nutritional deficiencies in order to promptly identify and appropriately treat these patients. Many vitamin and nutritional deficiencies have been described dating back to the early days of neurology and medicine. Some are very rare and thus, there are no randomized controlled studies to assess supplementation or dosage; however, there are reviews of case reports that can assist clinicians in choosing treatments. While endemic vitamin and nutritional deficiencies may be rarely encountered in many countries, vulnerable populations continue to be at risk for developing neurologic complications. These populations include those with diseases causing malabsorption, the elderly, chronic alcohol users, as well as pregnant mothers with hyperemesis gravidarum to name a few. It is important to recognize syndromes associated with these nutritional deficiencies, as prompt identification and treatment may prevent permanent neurologic damage.
Implementation Science to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to expand globally, requiring massive public health responses from national and local governments. These bodies have taken heterogeneous approaches to their responses, including when and how to introduce and enforce evidence-based interventions-such as social distancing, hand-washing, personal protective equipment (PPE), and testing. In this commentary, we reflect on opportunities for implementation science to contribute meaningfully to the COVID-19 pandemic response. We reflect backwards on missed opportunities in emergency preparedness planning, using the example of PPE stockpiling and supply management; this planning could have been strengthened through process mapping with consensus-building, microplanning with simulation, and stakeholder engagement. We propose current opportunities for action, focusing on enhancing the adoption, fidelity, and sustainment of hand washing and social distancing; we can combine qualitative data, policy analysis, and dissemination science to inform agile and rapid adjustment to social marketing strategies to enhance their penetration. We look to future opportunities to enhance the integration of new evidence in decision-making, focusing on serologic and virologic testing systems; we can leverage simulation and other systems engineering modeling to identify ideal system structures. Finally, we discuss the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic challenges implementation science to become more rapid, rigorous, and nimble in its approach, and integrate with public health practice. In summary, we articulate the ways in which implementation science can inform, and be informed by, the COVID-19 pandemic, looking backwards, proposing actions for the moment, and approaches for the future.
“Improving the Race”: The Discourse of Science and Eugenics in Local News Coverage, 1905–1922

In the early twentieth century, journalism contributed to the eugenics movement before it reached national and global saliency. Local newspapers played a role in writing about eugenics in Columbia,...
Transplantation of Apoptosis-Resistant Endothelial Progenitor Cells Improves Renal Function in Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Background Diabetic kidney disease is associated with glomerulosclerosis and poor renal perfusion. Increased capillary formation and improved perfusion may help to halt or reverse the injury. Trans...
Mobile multi-layered IPsec

To achieve high throughput in wireless networks, smart forwarding and processing of packets in access routers is critical for overcoming the effects of the wireless links. However, these services cannot be provided if data sessions are protected using end-to-end encryption as with IPsec, because the information needed by these algorithms resides inside the portion of the packet that is encrypted, and can therefore not be used by the access routers. A previously proposed protocol, called Multi-layered IPsec (ML-IPsec) modifies IPsec in a way so that certain portions of the datagram may be exposed to intermediate network elements, enabling these elements to provide performance enhancements. In this paper we extend ML-IPsec to deal with mobility and make it suitable for wireless networks. We define and implement an efficient key distribution protocol to enable fast ML-IPsec session initialization, and two mobility protocols that are compatible with Mobile IP and maintain ML-IPsec sessions. Our measurements show that, depending on the mobility protocol chosen, integrated Mobile IP/ML-IPsec handoffs result in a pause of 53-100 milliseconds, of which only 28-75 milliseconds may be attributed to ML-IPsec. Further, we provide detailed discussion and performance measurements of our MML-IPsec implementation. We find the resulting protocol, when coupled with SNOOP, greatly increases throughput over scenarios using standard TCP over IPsec (165% on average). By profiling the MML-IPsec implementation, we determine the bottleneck to be sending packets over the wireless link. In addition, we propose and implement an extension to MML-IPsec, called dynamic MML-IPsec, in which a flow may switch between plaintext, IPsec and MML-IPsec. Using dynamic MML-IPsec, we can balance the tradeoff between performance and security.
Superselective intranidal delivery of platinum-based high-density packing coils for treatment of arteriovenous malformations.

Abstract Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) classically feature an intervening nidus of poorly differentiated endothelium. The pillar of modern AVM treatment is intranidal delivery and deposition of various liquid embolic agents such as n-butyl cyanoacrylate, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, and ethanol. These agents are cumbersome to prepare, deliver, and deploy and have been associated with complications related to limited delivery control, nonretrievability, frequent microcatheter exchanges, and nontarget embolization. Coils and other proximal occlusive agents have not been traditionally recommended as sole embolic agents for AVM treatment given the inherent lack of adequate AVM nidus penetration with previous coil technologies. In the present report, we have described a series of three patients with AVMs in whom newer generation, platinum-based, packing coils were used safely and effectively as the primary agent for superselective nidal penetration and embolization.
Native-exotic richness relationships in second-growth forests differ along a gradient of land-use history

The relationship between native and non-native species richness is influenced by drivers including disturbance history and environmental character. Disturbance influences native-exotic richness relationships (NERRs) and results in positive or negative relationships, depending on its intensity. Land-use history can be used to understand how NERRs respond to disturbance and what mechanisms drive diversity. We test the hypotheses that (1) native and nonnative plant species richness differ between land-use histories; (2) diversity is more strongly linked to environmental gradients in older forests than young stands, reflecting environmental sorting; (3) Native and non-native richness are positively correlated in older forests and negatively correlated in young forests. We surveyed forests at Powdermill Nature Reserve in Southwestern Pennsylvania. We selected four replicates each of 40 to 70 year old second-growth forests with histories of mining, agriculture, and logging, and 14 older second-growth sites (>100 years) without recent human disturbance and collected presence data in a modified Whittaker plot design that included 1000, 100, 10, and 1-m2 subplots. Native and non-native richness were positively correlated in older forests, but uncorrelated in young stands. Proportions of non-native species were higher in mined and post-agricultural sites than in logged and old forests. Diversity-environment relationships were strongest in younger forests. Differences in native and non-native richness between histories were strong enough to shift the direction of richness relationships in young forests. We conclude that differing impacts of land use on native (positive) and non-native (neutral) richness drive contrasting NERRs in forests with different histories.
Maps of Change: A Brief History of the American Historical Atlas

The prospective value and contributions of GIS and the discipline of geography for historical scholarship can be informed by examining past works that fused history and geography, particularly the genre of the historical atlas. This essay considers, in particular, the significance of Charles O. Paullin and John K. Wright’s 1932 Atlas of the Historical Geography of the United States. Still unmatched to this day in its comprehensive and innovative spatial representation of American history, the 1932 Atlas suggests two opportunities for a twenty-first century historical atlas of the United States. First, though Paullin and Wright adapted several techniques to show change over time on the printed pages, GIS and other geovisualization technologies offer us increasingly powerful ways to show and explore historical change on maps. Second, even as their atlas drew upon historiographical theories, Paullin and Wright denied that their atlas was a work of interpretative history; by explicitly conceiving of and designing maps and atlases as interpretative works we can amplify their scholarly significance and impact.
Data redundancy in diffraction tomography

Filtered backpropagation (FBPP) is a well-established technique used in Diffraction Tomography (DT). This paper presents a modified algorithm for reducing the traditional requirement of 360° angular coverage. The algorithm uses the redundancy in projection data optimally to create distortionless reconstruction for coverage up to 200°.
Lipid-based nanotherapeutics for siRNA delivery

RNA interference (RNAi) is a specific gene-silencing mechanism triggered by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The application of RNAi in the clinic requires the development of safe and effective delivery systems. Inspired by progress with lipid-based systems in drug delivery, efforts have been dedicated to the development of liposomal siRNA delivery systems. Many of the lipid-based delivery vehicles self-assemble with siRNA through electrostatic interactions with charged amines, generating multi-lamellar lipoplexes with positively charged lipid bilayers separated from one another by sheets of negatively charged siRNA strands. Internalization of lipid-based siRNA delivery systems into cells typically occurs through endocytosis; accordingly, delivery requires materials that can facilitate endosomal escape. The size of the carrier is important as carriers <100 nm in diameter have been reported to have higher accumulation levels in tumours, hepatocytes and inflamed tissue, whereas larger particles tend to be taken up by Kupffer cells or other components of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). To reduce RES uptake and increase circulation time, carriers have been modified on the surface with hydrophilic materials, such as polyethyleneglycol. Herein, we review the molecular and structural parameters of lipid-based siRNA delivery systems.
Early Childhood Teacher Assessment: Observation, Feedback, and Self-Assessment

Early childhood education has changed over the years, especially with the additional focus on teacher accountability and student success. Policymakers believe teacher accountability will improve student achievement beginning in early childhood. President Obama is actively promoting his Early Learning proposal, which outlines the President’s goal for providing high quality early learning environments for all four year olds (www.ed.gov/early-learning). As part of this proposal, states are required to increase workforce accountability, which is directly related to teacher evaluations. There are three teacher evaluation methods that are discussed in this article, including observation, feedback, and self-assessment.