cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Androgen receptor in human skeletal muscle and cultured muscle satellite cells: up-regulation by androgen treatment.

Androgens stimulate myogenesis, but we do not know what cell types within human skeletal muscle express the androgen receptor (AR) protein and are the target of androgen action. Because testosterone promotes the commitment of pluripotent, mesenchymal cells into myogenic lineage, we hypothesized that AR would be expressed in mesenchymal precursor cells in the skeletal muscle. AR expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, confocal immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy in sections of vastus lateralis from healthy men before and after treatment with a supraphysiological dose of testosterone enanthate. Satellite cell cultures from human skeletal muscle were also tested for AR expression. AR protein was expressed predominantly in satellite cells, identified by their location outside sarcolemma and inside basal lamina, and by CD34 and C-met staining. Many myonuclei in muscle fibers also demonstrated AR immunostaining. Additionally, CD34 stem cells in the interstitium, fibroblasts, and mast cells expressed AR immunoreactivity. AR expression was also observed in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed aggregation of immunogold particles in nucleoli of satellite cells and myonuclei; testosterone treatment increased nucleolar AR density. In enriched cultures of human satellite cells, more than 95% of cells stained for CD34 and C-met, confirming their identity as satellite cells, and expressed AR protein. AR mRNA and protein expression in satellite cell cultures was confirmed by RT-PCR, reverse transcription and real-time PCR, sequencing of RT-PCR product, and Western blot analysis. Incubation of satellite cell cultures with supraphysiological testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations (100 nM testosterone and 30 nM dihydrotestosterone) modestly increased AR protein levels. We conclude that AR is expressed in several cell types in human skeletal muscle, including satellite cells, fibroblasts, CD34 precursor cells, vascular endothelial, smooth muscle cells, and mast cells. Satellite cells are the predominant site of AR expression. These observations support the hypothesis that androgens increase muscle mass in part by acting on several cell types to regulate the differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells in the skeletal muscle. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 5245–5255, 2004)
Existence of a breaking point in cilia and flagella.

Abstract Data in the literature indicate that the transitional region between the kinetosome and the flagellar or ciliary shaft of many Protozoan species is specialized as a breaking point. Only two Metazoan species have been examined from this point of view, and in both of them the transition region is also a breaking point. A similar phenomenon may occur in some sperm. Breakage occurs in response to a wide variety of chemical, osmotic, physical and mechanical treatments. Possible implications of this phenomenon are discussed.
Minimization of the number of layers for single row routing with fixed street capacity

A set of three algorithms is presented for solving single-row routine problems with a fixed street capacity using the least number of layers. The main difference among these algorithms is in the strategy used to search for an optimal solution, which greatly affects the performance. At the extreme points of the strategy are algorithms Q and S. The worst-case time complexity is linear for algorithm Q and exponential for algorithm S. The best-case time complexity of all the algorithms is linear. The main disadvantage of algorithm Q is that the constant associated with its time complexity bounds is large. On the other hand, the constant associated with the best-case time complexity bound for algorithm S is small. An experimental evaluation of the performance of the algorithms is presented. >
Influence of lecithin on mitochondrial DNA and age-related hearing loss.

;OBJECTIVES: Lecithin is a polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PPC), which are high energy functional and structural elements of all biologic membranes. PPC play a rate-limiting role in the activa...
Brownian Dynamics Simulations of Ion Transport through the VDAC

It is important to gain a physical understanding of ion transport through the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) because this channel provides primary permeation pathways for metabolites and electrolytes between the cytosol and mitochondria. We performed grand canonical Monte Carlo/Brownian dynamics (GCMC/BD) simulations to explore the ion transport properties of human VDAC isoform 1 (hVDAC1; PDB:2K4T) embedded in an implicit membrane. When the MD-derived, space-dependent diffusion constant was used in the GCMC/BD simulations, the current-voltage characteristics and ion number profiles inside the pore showed excellent agreement with those calculated from all-atom molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations, thereby validating the GCMC/BD approach. Of the 20 NMR models of hVDAC1 currently available, the third one (NMR03) best reproduces both experimental single-channel conductance and ion selectivity (i.e., the reversal potential). In addition, detailed analyses of the ion trajectories, one-dimensional multi-ion potential of mean force, and protein charge distribution reveal that electrostatic interactions play an important role in the channel structure and ion transport relationship. Finally, the GCMC/BD simulations of various mutants based on NMR03 show good agreement with experimental ion selectivity. The difference in ion selectivity between the wild-type and the mutants is the result of altered potential of mean force profiles that are dominated by the electrostatic interactions.
Interference-Aware Radio Resource Allocation in OFDMA-Based Cognitive Radio Networks

This paper considers the problem of radio resource allocation in an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access based cognitive radio (CR) network that opportunistically operates within the licensed primary users (PUs) spectrum. The resource allocation algorithm aims at maximizing the CR network throughput under PUs interference constraints. The CR interference introduced into PUs subbands is modeled as a composite that consists of the following two parts: 1) CR out-of-band emissions and 2) the interference that arises as a result of imperfect spectrum sensing. We consider both downlink and uplink subcarrier and power allocation. In both cases, the resource allocation problem is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem, for which obtaining the optimal solution is known to be NP-hard. Computationally efficient suboptimal algorithms are proposed for the downlink resource allocation problem, and then, they are extended to the uplink case. We show through simulation that the proposed algorithms exhibit near-optimal performance and significantly reduce the computational complexity compared to obtaining the optimal solution.
The Effect of an Alexidine Mouthwash on Dental Plaque and Gingivitis

The alexidine mouthrinse used in this study (CP-101) is effective in reducing plaque. There was a reduction in gingivitis after 6-months use but not at a statistically significant level. An extrinsic brown stain occurred at a significant level on the teeth of participants using the active mouthrinse. Blood and urine laboratory results indicated that alexidine can be safely used over a 6-month period.
Ophthalmoplegic Migraine in Infancy

Ophthalmoplegic migraine, headache associated with oculomotor nerve dysfunction, may present early in the pediatric age group. Two cases of ophthalmoplegic migraine in infants 5 and 7-months-old are presented and their clinical management discussed.
Search strategy effectiveness and relevance of YouTube videos

Precision and recall are two widely accepted measures to Information Retrieval (IR) system performance. Different search strategies can yield different precisions and recalls for the same IR system, search engine or website. Therefore, precision and recall can also be used to measure search strategy effectiveness. YouTube® is a popular social media website which hosts the largest number of user-generated videos on the web. The YouTube® search engine only provides text words search function and search results are retrieved through the system matching these search terms to video descriptions, tags, comments, etc. Therefore, precision and recall can also be used to measure search strategy effectiveness. This paper aims to test if a search strategy using multiple search terms is effective by analyzing the relevance of the retrieved YouTube® videos on Smokeless Tobacco Products (STP) and YouTube® provided video usage statistics and community engagement statistics. 17 search terms were used to retrieve YouTube® videos on STP which were recorded in a master file. All duplicate videos from the retrieved results were excluded. Unique videos were then selected based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria set by the research team. A sample of 440 unique videos was randomly selected for data analysis. SPSS 19.0 was used for data analysis. Descriptive analysis, precisions and recalls, logistic regression, and odds ratio test results are reported. The study found that only a few search terms out of the total 17 terms are more effective in terms of relevance of the retrieved videos. Also, YouTube® provided video usage statistics and community engagement statistics did not have significant association with the relevance of the retrieved videos. Recommendations for potential solutions on designing more effective search strategies are provided.
Classification of EEG during imagined mental tasks by forecasting with Elman Recurrent Neural Networks

The ability to classify EEG recorded while a subject performs varying imagined mental tasks may lay the foundation for building usable Brain-Computer Interfaces as well as improve the performance of EEG analysis software used in clinical settings. Although a number of research groups have produced EEG classifiers, these methods have not yet reached a level of performance that is acceptable for use in many practical applications. We assert that current approaches are limited by their ability to capture the temporal and spatial patterns contained within EEG. In order to address these problems, we propose a new generative technique for EEG classification that uses Elman Recurrent Neural Networks. EEG recorded while a subject performs one of several imagined mental tasks is first modeled by training a network to forecast the signal a single step ahead in time. We show that these models are able to forecast EEG well with an RMSE as low as 0.110. A separate model is then trained over EEG belonging to each class. Classification of previously unseen data is performed by applying each model and assigning the class label associated with the network that produced the lowest forecasting error. This approach is tested on EEG collected from two able-bodied subjects and one subject with a high-level spinal cord injury. Classification rates as high as 93.3% are achieved for a two-task problem with decisions made every second yielding a bitrate of 38.7 bits per minute.
Comparison and Modeling of Aqueous Dissolution Rates of Various Uranium Oxides

Purpose of this work was to measure and model the intrinsic dissolution rates of U oxides under a variety of well-controlled conditions that are relevant to a geologic repository. When exposed to air at elevated temperature, spent fuel may form the stable phase U{sub 3}O{sub 8}. Dehydrated schoepite, UO{sub 3}{center_dot}H{sub 2}O, exists in drip tests on spent fuel. Equivalent sets of U{sub 3}O{sub 8} and UO{sub 3}{center_dot}H{sub 2}O dissolution experiments allowed a systematic examination of the effects of temperature (25-75 C), pH(8-10), and carbonate (2-200x10{sup -4}molar) concentrations at atmospheric oxygen conditions. Results indicate that UO{sub 3}{center_dot}H{sub 2}O has a much higher dissolution rate (at least tenfold) than U{sub 3}O{sub 8} under the same conditions. The intrinsic dissolution rate of unirradiated U{sub 3}O{sub 8} is about twice that of UO{sub 2}. Dissolution of both U{sub 3}O{sub 8} and UO{sub 3}{center_dot}H{sub 2}O shows a very high sensitivity to carbonate concentration. Present results show a 25 to 50-fold increase in room-temperature UO{sub 3}{center_dot}H{sub 2}O dissolution rates between the highest and lowest carbonate concentrations. As with the UO{sub 2} dissolution data, the classical observed chemical kinetic rate law was used to model the U{sub 3}O{sub 8} dissolution rate data. The pH did not have much effect on the models, in agreement with earlier analysis of the UO{sub 2} and spent fuel dissolution data. However, carbonate concentration, not temperature, had the strongest effect on the U{sub 3}O{sub 8} dissolution rate. The U{sub 3}O{sub 8} dissolution activation energy was about 6000 cal/mol, compared with 7300 and 8000 cal/mol for spent fuel and UO{sub 2}, respectively.
Shark depredation rates in pelagic longline fisheries: a case study from the Northwest Atlantic

MacNeil, M. A., Carlson, J. K., and Beerkircher, L. R. 2009. Shark depredation rates in pelagic longline fisheries: a case study from the Northwest Atlantic. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 708-719.A suite of modelling approaches was employed to analyse shark depredation rates from the US Atlantic pelagic longline fishery. As depredation events are relatively rare, there are a large number of zeroes in pelagic longline data and conventional generalized linear models (GLMs) may be ineffective as tools for statistical inference. GLMs (Poisson and negative binomial), two-part (delta-lognormal and truncated negative binomial, T-NB), and mixture models (zero-inflated Poisson, ZIP, and zero-inflated negative binomial, ZINB) were used to understand the factors that contributed most to the occurrence of depredation events that included a small proportion of whale damage. Of the six distribution forms used, only the ZIP and T-NB models performed adequately in describing depredation data, and the T-NB and ZINB models outperformed the ZIP models in bootstrap cross-validation estimates of prediction error. Candidate T-NB and ZINB model results showed that encounter probabilities were more strongly related to large-scale covariates (space, season) and that depredation counts were correlated with small-scale characteristics of the fishery (temperature, catch composition). Moreover, there was little evidence of historical trends in depredation rates. The results show that the factors contributing to most depredation events are those already controlled by ships' captains and, beyond novel technologies to repel sharks, there may be little more to do to reduce depredation loss in the fishery within current economic and operational constraints.
Motor System and Movement I: Reflex Activity, Central Pattern Generators and Cerebral Cortical Motor Functions

In studying the motor system, we will consider reflex activity, central generators of patterns of movement, voluntary movement and learned movements .We will also consider two inter-related aspects: posture and movement. Under posture we will be studying static or tonic reactions. Under movement we will be studying short duration phasic reactions. We should keep in mind, as Sherrington has indicated, that the reflexes involved in posture and movement are the same. There are no reflexes exclusively for the maintenance of a correct posture, as opposed to those reflexes involved in a movement, We should note that with more detailed microelectrode studies we may find that some neurons in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord are predominantly involved in phasic activities and other predominantly in tonic activities.
Revisiting the Patent Misuse Doctrine

Expiration of a patent terminates the patentee’s right to collect post-accrual royalties on that patent, even if the license says otherwise. The ultimate goal of the patent system is to provide incentives to innovate as a means to facilitate the disclose of inventions and the dissemination of technology. Kimble’s affirmation of the rule against post-expiration royalties helps ensure unrestricted access to inventions by prohibiting the patentee from leveraging on its patent to charge royalties indefinitely. The opinion also clarified that harm to competition was a relevant but not a necessary condition to the analysis. Like a ‘one-two’ punch, Actavis and Kimble spells the death knell for the Federal Circuit’s formulation of patent misuse. Federal Circuit jurisprudence immunized the patentee from scrutiny under patent misuse if the offending conduct or restraint fell within the scope of the patent. If the offending conduct or restraint fell outside the scope of the patent, then courts had to apply a rule of reason analysis. The first blow comes from Actavis. The Supreme Court had earlier recognized that patentee conduct which constituted misuse would constitute an antitrust violation as well. Since the threshold for liability is lower under patent misuse, it must follow that the immunity from patent misuse conferred under the Federal Circuit’s formulation has now been debunked by Actavis. The second blow comes from Kimble, which rejected the rule of reason formulation that the patentee in that case had attributed to Federal Circuit jurisprudence. It follows that the approach based on patent policy as laid down in Morton Salt has been implicitly reinstated as the correct approach to misuse analysis.
Metal-boride phase formation on tungsten carbide (WC-Co) during microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition

Abstract Strengthening of cemented tungsten carbide by boriding is used to improve the wear resistance and lifetime of carbide tools; however, many conventional boriding techniques render the bulk carbide too brittle for extreme conditions, such as hard rock drilling. This research explored the variation in metal-boride phase formation during the microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process at surface temperatures from 700 to 1100 °C. We showed several well-adhered metal-boride surface layers consisting of WCoB, CoB and/or W2CoB2 with average hardness from 23 to 27 GPa and average elastic modulus of 600–730 GPa. The metal-boride interlayer was shown to be an effective diffusion barrier against elemental cobalt; migration of elemental cobalt to the surface of the interlayer was significantly reduced. A combination of glancing angle X-ray diffraction, electron dispersive spectroscopy, nanoindentation and scratch testing was used to evaluate the surface composition and material properties. An evaluation of the material properties shows that plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited borides formed at substrate temperatures of 800 °C, 850 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C strengthen the material by increasing the hardness and elastic modulus of cemented tungsten carbide. Additionally, these boride surface layers may offer potential for adhesion of ultra-hard carbon coatings.
PRODUCTION OF MEMBERS OF THE BLOOD COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYSIN SYSTEMS BY THE ISOLATED PERFUSED LIVER.

SummaryThe isolated liver of rats pretreated with vitamin K1, perfused with red cells suspended in a nutrient medium devoid blood coagulation components, produced coagulation factors VII-X (stable factor, proconverten-convertin and Stuart factor), factor V (labile factor, proaccelerin) and factor I1 (prothrombin) . No thromboplastin generation was observed. No production of plasminogen activators, proactivators, plasminogen and plasmin could be detected in any of the experiments, but antiplasmin release was observed from the isolated perfused rat livers and in the nutrient medium of rat liver slices incubated in vitro.
A new dispersal-informed null model for community ecology shows strong performance

Null models in ecology have been developed that, by maintaining some aspects of observed communities and repeatedly randomizing others, allow researchers to test for the action of community assembly processes like habitat filtering and competitive exclusion. Such processes are often detected using phylogenetic community structure metrics. When biologically significant elements, such as the number of species per assemblage, break down during randomizations, it can lead to high error rates. Realistic dispersal probabilities are often neglected during randomization, and existing models make the oftentimes empirically unreasonable assumption that all species are equally probable of dispersing to a given site. When this assumption is unwarranted, null models need to incorporate dispersal probabilities. I do so here, and present a dispersal null model (DNM) that strictly maintains species richness, and approximately maintains species occurrence frequencies and total abundance. I tested its statistical performance when used with a wide breadth of phylogenetic community structure metrics across 3,000 simulated communities assembled according to neutral, habitat filtering, and competitive exclusion processes. The DNM performed well, exhibiting low error rates (both type I and II). I also implemented it in a re-analysis of a large empirical dataset, an abundance matrix of 696 sites and 75 species of Australian Meliphagidae. Although the overall signal from that study remained unchanged, it showed that statistically significant phylogenetic clustering could have been an artifact of dispersal limitations.
STABILITY AND CENTRALITY OF LEGISLATIVE CHOICE IN THE SPATIAL CONTEXT

Majority-rule spatial voting games lacking a core still always present a "near-core" outcome, more commonly known as the Copeland winner. This is the alternative that defeats or ties the greatest number of alternatives in the space. Previous research has not tested the Copeland winner as a solution concept for spatial voting games without a core, lacking a way to calculate where the Copeland winner was with an infinite number of alternatives. We provide a straightforward algorithm to find the Copeland winner and show that it corresponds well to experimental outcomes in an important set of experimental legislative voting games. We also provide an intuitive motivation for why legislative outcomes in the spatial context may be expected to lie close to the Copeland winner. Finally, we show a connection between the Copeland winner and the Shapley value and provide a simple but powerful algorithm to calculate the Copeland scores of all points in the space in terms of the (modified) power values of each of the voters and their locations in the space.
Investigation of Phase Transition in Stacked Ge-Chalcogenide/SnTe Phase-change Memory Films

Phase transitions in stacked GeTe/SnTe and Ge2Se3/SnTe thin layers for potential phase-change memory applications have been investigated by X-ray diffraction using a two-dimensional area detector system. The as-deposited underlying GeTe or Ge2Se3 layer is amorphous, whereas the top SnTe layer is crystalline. In the GeTe/SnTe stack, the crystallization of GeTe phase occurs near 170 °C, and upon further heating, the GeTe phase disappears, followed by the formation of rocksalt-structured GexSn1-xTe solid solution. In the Ge2Se3/SnTe stack, the phase transition starts with the separation of a SnSe phase due to the migration of Sn ions into the Ge2Se3 layer. SnSe is believed to facilitate the crystallization of Ge2Se3-SnTe solid solution at ~360°C, which is much lower than the crystallization temperature of Ge2Se3, therefore consuming less power during the phase transition.
Defining Infrastructure and Commons Management

Infrastructure and commons are not typically thought to be related to one another. Both concepts have rich histories and varied meaning, and both involve complex phenomena that are the subject of study in various disciplines, including engineering, economics, political science, and law. There is no separate field of infrastructure study or commons study, and there are no settled universal theories or even definitions of infrastructure or commons. This chapter develops the foundation for bringing the concepts together. After a brief introduction to the modern conception of infrastructure and its traditional roots in large-scale, human-made physical resource systems, the chapter discusses a few observations about traditional infrastructure resources, including the important observation that traditional infrastructures are generally “managed as commons.” This sets the stage for a more detailed discussion of “commons management” as a resource management strategy and for the economic analysis that takes place in subsequent chapters.
Pharmacological activation changes stiffness of cultured human airway smooth muscle cells

Using magnetic twisting cytometry (MTC), we measured the cytoskeletal stiffness of adherent human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. We hypothesized that modulation of actin-myosin interactions by ...
Protein Kinase A and Signal Transduction in T Lymphocytes

Abnormal T-cell effector functions in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are present and may be associated with disease immunopathogenesis. Our work has led to the characterization of a signaling defect, involving protein kinase A (PKA), leading to abnormal T-cell effector functions in SLE. PKA is a component of the adenylyl cyclase/cyclic adenosine monophosphate/PKA (AC/cAMP/PKA) pathway, a principal signal transduction system in T cells. The aim of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive, technical, step-by-step approach to studying PKA function in T cells. The methods detailed here are (a) chromatographic fractionation of PKA-I and PKA-II isozymes and PKA phosphotransferase activity in purified T cell populations, (b) Western immunoblotting to identify the presence of regulatory (R)-subunit proteins of PKA, and (c) isolation of RNA, and quantification of PKA R subunit-specific transcripts by competitive polymerase chain reaction. Although our emphasis in the chapter is T cells, these methods may be useful for investigation of signaling via PKA in other cell types as well.
Transcultural performance and legitimacy: Seven years later

I returned to the Otavalo area for a brief visit in the summer of 2014 with the intention of reconnecting with my participants. Though I had been in sporadic email contact with Marco in the seven years after my research, I had heard very little from the other members of the band. Upon arrival in Ecuador, I quickly discovered that, with the exception of Domingo and one of Allkurinchik’s daughters, my participants did not remember me, or only had faint recollections of my presence in their lives seven years prior. of course, it made sense that they would have gone on with their lives, although it was difficult for me to process this, given that I had spent a substantial portion of those years thinking, writing, and talking about them in a variety of different venues.
Ambulatory Anesthesia in Remote Locations

The use of anesthesia services in non-operating room locations is increasing and ranges from minimal sedation–analgesia to general anesthesia. This review addresses important challenges encountered by anesthesia providers when working in remote locations. The reduced physical space, ergonomics, limited anesthesia resources, and isolation from the operating room areas make these remote locations hostile environments for the anesthesia provider. Evidence suggests that anesthetic complications in remote locations are more severe than those occurring in the operating room, are associated with suboptimal care, and are preventable by better monitoring. Anesthesia providers need to be familiarized with the complexity and hazards of the environment and the type of procedures found in non-operating room locations. The standard of care for anesthesia delivery outside the operating room must be the same, despite the location where the anesthetic service is provided or the limitations of the location.
Examination of the utility of commercial-off-the-shelf memory devices as X-ray detectors

An examination was conducted of the use of standard memory devices as X-ray detectors. Commercial-off- the-shelf memory devices such as flash memory, UV-EPROM, DRAM, and non-volatile SRAM units were studied. The memory states of the devices were continuously monitored as a function of time and X-ray flux. It was found that in all configurations used, the devices were not practical X-Ray dosimeters; hard fails were nearly as prevalent as soft fails.
Principles for Damage Control in Military Casualties

Conceptually, damage control principles are rooted in military origins; the surgical application is analogous to US Navy terminology for “the capacity of a ship to absorb damage and maintain mission integrity” [16]. The interval termination of an operation has been described with liver packing as early as 1908; however, the practice was ended soon after high infectious rates were identified [8]. The introduction of a formal laparotomy by World War I improved mortality; however, the essence of damage control surgery was further captured in World War II, as exploratory laparotomy became the standard of care for penetrating abdominal trauma, and surgeons gained vast experience in comprehending the necessity for expedited abdominal exploration hemodynamically unstable patients [8]. Specifically, in the Western desert in 1942, Watts highlighted that a war surgeon “must evacuate the wounded with all possible speed, both to clear the unit and to restore its mobility…that he must wherever possible, avoid the procedures that will prevent the early evacuation of the patient” [8]. This resonated on the battlefield; however, it wasn’t until 1983 that Dr. Harlan Stone, a civilian, reinstituted rapid packing and termination of the laparotomy in civilian trauma patients when intraoperative coagulopathy became excessive [8]. Ten years later, Rotondo specifically termed the phrase “damage control surgery” where patients that underwent damage control surgery with two or more visceral injuries and/or had a major vascular injury had a markedly higher survival in a small nonrandomized cohort [77% (10 of 13) vs. 11% (1 of 9), p < 0.02]. Currently, more recent publications have demonstrated an improved 30-day survival [73.6% vs. 54.8%; p = 0.009] and a decreased mean trauma intensive care unit [11 v 20 days; p = 0.01] stay in patients receiving a massive transfusion that underwent damage control laparotomy and damage control resuscitation [9]. Although this methodology to appropriately care for severely injured civilian patients would appear to extrapolate well to an austere environment, the transition to military austere environments was initially questioned by many.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Esophageal Dysmotility

Esophageal dysmotility is a medical term that refers to an interruption in the bolus propagation through the esophagus. This chapter provides a description of the esophageal anatomy and physiology, the causes (if known) of esophageal dysmotility, and the current pharmacologic treatments.
The face of the other: the particular versus the individual

Abstract Five interrelated case studies from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries develop the dynamic contrast between portraiture and pictorial genres newly invented in and about Latin America that do not represent their subjects as individuals despite the descriptive focus on the particular. From Jean de Lery’s genre-defining proto-ethnographic text (1578) about the Tupinamba of Brazil to the treatment of the Creole upper class in New Spain as persons whose individuality deserves to be memorialized in contrast to the Mestizaje, African, and Indian underclass objectified as types deserving of scientific study, hierarchical distinctions between portraiture and ethnographic images can be framed in historical terms around the Aristotelian categories of the universal, the individual, and the particular. There are also some intriguing examples that destabilize these inherited distinctions, such as Puerto Rican artist Jose Campeche’s disturbing and poignant image of a deformed child, Juan Pantaleon Aviles, 1808; and an imaginary portrait of Moctezuma II, c. 1697, based on an ethnographic image, attributed to the leading Mexican painter Antonio Rodriguez. These anomalies serve to focus the study on the hegemonic position accorded to the viewing subject as actually precarious and unstable, always ripe for reinterpretation at the receiving end of European culture.
Chronic Disease Risk Typologies among Young Adults in Community College.

OBJECTIVES To address chronic disease risk holistically from a behavioral perspective, insights are needed to refine understanding of the covariance of key health behaviors. This study aims to identify distinct typologies of young adults based on 4 modifiable risk factors of chronic disease using a latent class analysis approach, and to describe patterns of class membership based on demographic characteristics, living arrangements, and weight. METHODS Overall, 441 young adults aged 18-35 attending community colleges in the Minnesota Twin Cities area completed a baseline questionnaire for the Choosing Healthy Options in College Environments and Settings study, a RCT. Behavioral items were used to create indicators for latent classes, and individuals were classified using maximum-probability assignment. RESULTS Three latent classes were identified: 'active, binge-drinkers with a healthy dietary intake' (13.1%); 'non-active, moderate-smokers and non-drinkers with poor dietary intake' (38.2%); 'moderately active, non-smokers and non-drinkers with moderately healthy dietary intake' (48.7%). Classes exhibited unique demographic and weight-related profiles. CONCLUSIONS This study may contribute to the literature on health behaviors among young adults and provides evidence that there are weight and age differences among subgroups. Understanding how behaviors cluster is important for identifying groups for targeted interventions in community colleges.
Eye Movement and Motion Perception

Two procedures are described with which the relative effectiveness of the three conditions of stimulation that cause motion perception can be explored, and the results of such experiments are reported.
Morphometric analysis of brain structures for improved discrimination

We perform discriminative analysis of brain structures using morphometric information. Spherical harmonics technique and point distribution model are used for shape description. Classification is performed using linear discriminants and support vector machines with several feature selection approaches. We consider both inclusion and exclusion of volume information in the discrimination. We perform extensive experimental studies by applying different combinations of techniques to hippocampal data in schizophrenia and achieve best jackknife classification accuracies of 95% (whole set) and 90% (right-handed males), respectively. Our results find that the left hippocampus is a better predictor than the right in the complete dataset, but that the right hippocampus is a stronger predictor than the left in the right-handed male subset. We also propose a new method for visualization of discriminative patterns.
Jackknife empirical likelihood inference for the accelerated failure time model

Accelerated failure time (AFT) model is a useful semi-parametric model under right censoring, which is an alternative to the commonly used proportional hazards model. Making statistical inference for the AFT model has attracted considerable attention. However, it is difficult to compute the estimators of regression parameters due to the lack of smoothness for rank-based estimating equations. Brown and Wang (Stat Med 26(4):828–836, 2007) used an induced smoothing approach, which smooths the estimating functions to obtain point and variance estimators. In this paper, a more computationally efficient method called jackknife empirical likelihood (JEL) is proposed to make inference for the accelerated failure time model without computing the limiting variance. Results from extensive simulation suggest that the JEL method outperforms the traditional normal approximation method in most cases. Subsequently, two real data sets are analyzed for illustration of the proposed method.
“I thought Natives were all living an idyllic country life…”: Students Reconsider North American Indigenous Peoples’ Lives Through Speech, Gender, and Genocide

Drawing on student work produced in a speech communications course, this chapter reveals how genocide education helped change students’ stereotypical imagery of North American Indigenous Peoples. Students synthesized a 2015 National Endowment for the Humanities/Kupferberg Holocaust Center (KHC) Colloquium and Andrea Smith’s lecture on American Indian genocide with academic research to write and perform an informative speech. One striking commonality across students’ work was the realization that North American Indigenous Peoples’ experiences can be viewed through a genocide framework. This new awareness helped students to better understand the history of the United States and the lethal implications of the philosophy of Manifest Destiny on Indigenous Peoples’ lives. The chapter shows how combining the development of public speaking skills with the learning of controversial subject matter encourages students’ participation in democratic processes.
LEFT VENTRICULAR REVERSE REMODELING BY PERMANENT HIS-BUNDLE PACING IN A PATIENT WITH PACEMAKER-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY

Conventional right ventricle (RV) pacing is associated with the risk of cardiomyopathy and symptomatic heart failure. His-bundle pacing (HBP) has emerged as an alternative pacing strategy with more physiologic ventricular activation. There is a paucity of data with respect to HBP for patients with
MiR-145 mediates cell morphology-regulated mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to smooth muscle cells

The use of biochemical signaling to derive smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been explored, but the induction of a fully functional SMC phenotype remains to be a major challenge. Cell morphology has been shown to regulate MSC differentiation into various lineages, including SMCs. We engineered substrates with microgrooves to induce cell elongation to study the mechanism underlying the MSC shape modulation in SMC differentiation. In comparison to those on flat substrates, MSCs cultured on engineered substrates were elongated with increased aspect ratios for both cell body and nucleus, as well as augmented cytoskeletal tensions. Biochemical studies indicated that the microgroove-elongated cells expressed significantly higher levels of SMC markers. MicroRNA analyses showed that up-regulation of miR-145 and the consequent repression of KLF4 in these elongated cells promoted MSC-to-SMC differentiation. Rho/ROCK inhibitions, which impair cytoskeletal tension, attenuated cell and nuclear elongations and disrupted the miR-145/KLF4 regulation for SMC differentiation. Furthermore, cell traction force measurements showed that miR-145 is essential for the functional contractility in the microgroove-induced SMC differentiation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that, through a Rho-ROCK/miR-145/KLF4 pathway, the elongated cell shape serves as a decisive geometric cue to direct MSC differentiation into functional SMCs.
Sustainable Biodesign Innovation: Integrating Designers, Engineers, and Bioscientists

After first clarifying the concept of sustainable biodesign innovation, this paper uses a case study of rapid, short-term interdisciplinary collaboration involving designers, engineers, and bioscientists to explore why this method is so energizing, stimulating, effective, and efficient. Using as its example a two-quarter Honors course at the University of California at Davis that prepared teams to compete at the international Biodesign Challenge in New York City in June 2018, it briefly explains the process of the course and the project of the team that competed and won two of six prizes at the competition. It then discusses and argues that the process of sustainable biodesign innovation is enhanced by interdisciplinary collaboration between designers, engineers, and bioscientists, owing to their complimentary theoretical knowledge, technical training, approaches, foci, and skills, and that this process can be utilized in industry for sustainable biodesign innovation.
Annotated checklist of the Hemiptera Heteroptera of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation “Alpi Marittime” (NW Italy)

We provide the first annotated checklist of the Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation “Alpi Marittime” (IT1160056), based on literature records and unpublished material collected between 2012-2015 within two European projects in which the Alpi Marittime Nature Park was involved. The literature review provided a list of 62 species, recorded for the study area between 1884 and 1990, scattered in 14 papers. The new data here provided raise the total number of species occurring in this region to 208, grouped in 25 families and 135 genera. For each species reported in the catalogue, previous literature records, new data and the known distribution are provided. Among the most interesting findings, Salda henschii (Reuter, 1891) which was recently recorded for the first time in Italy, and Sternodontus obtususMulsant & Rey, 1856 which is rediscovered in the Piedmont region after more than a half century.
Diagnostic tests for non-causal time series with infinite variance

Abstract Goodness-of-fit testing for non-causal autoregressive time series with non-Gaussian stable noise is studied. To model time series exhibiting sharp spikes or occasional bursts of outlying observations, the exponent of the stable errors is assumed to be less than two. Under such a condition, the innovation variables have no finite second moment. We prove that the sample autocorrelation functions of the trimmed residuals are asymptotically normal. Nonparametric tests are also investigated. An assortment of test statistics is suggested for model assessment.
Data Jockey: Automatic Data Management for HPC Multi-tiered Storage Systems

We present the design and implementation of Data Jockey, a data management system for HPC multi-tiered storage systems. As a centralized data management control plane, Data Jockey automates bulk data movement and placement for scientific workflows and integrates into existing HPC storage infrastructures. Data Jockey simplifies data management by eliminating human effort in programming complex data movements, laying datasets across multiple storage tiers when supporting complex workflows, which in turn increases the usability of multi-tiered storage systems emerging in modern HPC data centers. Specifically, Data Jockey presents a new data management scheme called "goal driven data management" that can automatically infer low-level bulk data movement plans from declarative high-level goal statements that come from the lifetime of iterative runs of scientific workflows. While doing so, Data Jockey aims to minimize data wait times by taking responsibility for datasets that are unused or to be used, and aggressively utilizing the capacity of the upper, higher performant storage tiers. We evaluated a prototype implementation of Data Jockey under a synthetic workload based on a year's worth of Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility's (OLCF) operational logs. Our evaluations suggest that Data Jockey leads to higher utilization of the upper storage tiers while minimizing the programming effort of data movement compared to human involved, per-domain ad-hoc data management scripts.
Social inclusion of rural-rural migrant arable crop farmers and agriculture production in Delta State, Nigeria

This study was conceptualised to determine the influence of social inclusion on rural-rural migrant arable crop farmers’ level of agricultural production. A sample of 254 rural-rural migrant arable...
Multiplicative partitions of numbers with a large squarefree divisor

For each positive integer n, let f(n) denote the number of multiplicative partitions of n, meaning the number of ways of writing n as a product of integers larger than 1, where the order of the factors is not taken into account. It was shown by Oppenheim (J Lond Math Soc 1:205–211, 1926) that, as $$x\rightarrow \infty $$ , $$\begin{aligned} \max _{\begin{array}{c} n \le x \\ n\text { squarefree} \end{array}} f(n) = x/L(x)^{2+o(1)}, \end{aligned}$$ where $$L(x) = \exp \big (\log x\cdot \frac{\log \log \log {x}}{\log \log x}\big )$$ . Without the restriction to squarefree n, the maximum is the significantly larger quantity $$x/L(x)^{1+o(1)}$$ ; this was proved by Canfield et al. (J Number Theory 17:1–28, 1983). We prove the following theorem that interpolates between these two results: for each fixed $$\alpha \in [0,1]$$ , $$\begin{aligned} \max _{\begin{array}{c} n \le x\\ \mathrm {rad}(n) \ge n^{\alpha } \end{array}} f(n) = x/L(x)^{1+\alpha +o(1)}. \end{aligned}$$ We deduce, on the abc conjecture, a nontrivial upper bound on how often values of certain polynomials appear in the range of Euler’s $$\varphi $$ -function.
Semiclassical approach for solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in spatially inhomogeneous electromagnetic pulses

To solve the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation in spatially inhomogeneous pulses of electromagnetic radiation, we propose an iterative semiclassical complex trajectory approach. In numerical applications, we validate this method against ab initio numerical solutions by scrutinizing (a) electronic states in combined Coulomb and spatially homogeneous laser fields and (b) streaked photoemission from hydrogen atoms and plasmonic gold nanospheres. In comparison with streaked photoemission calculations performed in strong-field approximation, we demonstrate the improved reconstruction of the spatially inhomogeneous induced plasmonic infrared field near a nanoparticle surface from streaked photoemission spectra.
Predicted prevalence of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) by periodontitis status and HPV vaccination status

Objectives The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in oral human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence among adults based on HPV vaccination status and periodontitis status. Methods Data from 2011 to 2012 and 2013 to2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (n = 822) were retrieved in order to predict the prevalence of oral HPV in 24 separate demographic groups (age by sex by race) based on the following characteristics: HPV vaccination status and periodontitis status. A multiple logistic regression model, controlling for gender, age, race, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, and sexual partners, was calculated in order to generate prevalence estimates. Results Median predicted oral HPV prevalence rates per 1,000 in 2011-2012 were highest among nonvaccinated individuals with periodontitis [median ( x ˜ ) = 31.62, interquartile range (IQR) = 102.97], followed by nonvaccinated individuals without periodontitis ( x ˜ = 24.63, IQR = 81.84), vaccinated individuals with periodontitis ( x ˜ = 18.40, IQR = 62.27), and vaccinated individuals without periodontitis ( x ˜ = 14.29, IQR = 48.96). Median predicted oral HPV prevalence rates per 1,000 in 2013-2014 were highest among nonvaccinated individuals with periodontitis ( x ˜ = 9.50, IQR = 33.02), followed by nonvaccinated individuals without periodontitis ( x ˜ = 7.37, IQR = 25.76), vaccinated individuals with periodontitis ( x ˜ = 5.48, IQR = 19.27), and vaccinated individuals without periodontitis ( x ˜ = 4.25, IQR = 14.98). Conclusions Interventions that integrate primary care and dental care are needed, given increased risk for oral HPV among unvaccinated individuals with periodontitis.