cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensory integration activity in nursing home residents' cognitions, affect, self-esteem and behavior.

Persons residing in a nursing home experience a variety of both age-related and pathological disabilities which combined with a relatively unchanging environment may diminish sensory and perceptual processing abilities. Deprivation has been related to cognitive, mood and other behavioral problems in several studies (8, 9, 10, 11 ). Sensory Integration ( 7 ) is a therapeutic modality focusing on stimulation of the five senses and includes exercises in proprioceptive and kinesthetic awareness. Group sessions were held three days a week, 45 min. per session, for 10 wk. To examine the effect of Sensory Integration group activities, 23 nursing home residents (age range 57-96 years; 21 males, 2 females; length of stay 10-184 mo.) were randomly assigned to an activity or control group. Two male residents died during the study and their data are not included. The activity group was significantly older than the control group (Activity M = 81.2 yr., S D = 9.16; Control M = 68.6 yr., SD = 6.84; tm = 3.56, p < .01). About one month prior to group activity all subjects were pretested with a variety of measures to assess affect, self-esteem, cognition, and ward behaviors. Tests included The Geriatric Depression Scale ( 1 ), Zung Depression Scale ( 12) , Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale ( 5 ) , Cognitive Capacity Screening Exam~narion (2 ) , Geriatric Interpersonal Evaluation Scale ( 3 ) , Geriatric Rating Scale (4), and Self-esteem ( 6 ) . Multiple measures were used for assessing depression because the scales tend to emphasize different depressive symptoms. Subjects were retested on the same tests in the same order one month following termination of the group activities. Analyses by t test indicate no significant differences between groups. A slight trend for increased posttest scores was observed on both groups' depression scales and the Geriatric Rating Scale, Antisocial/Disruptive subscale indicated a slight but nonsignificant trend towards less disruption in the activity group. The sample size of nursing home residents may have been too small or the activity program of insufficient length considing the significantly older activity group. A ceiling and floor effect was also observed on some of the brief measures. Further study is needed to clarify the therapeutic role of activity-groups in enhancing the quality of life of elderly nursing home residents.
The rise of teleworking in the USA: key issues for managers in the information age

Teleworking is a work arrangement by which a corporate employee regularly works at an alternate worksite, such as the employee's home or a satellite office, by using Information Technology (IT) and the internet for collaboration. Many companies in the USA have successfully adopted teleworking as part of their employment policy and it may continue to be a business trend due to the prevailing financial turmoil that forces companies to cut costs while achieving operational excellence. In this paper, we first identify the major historical factors that have favoured teleworking in the USA for the past two decades. We then highlight certain benefits and risks of teleworking for employees, businesses, the society and the economy. We make several managerial and technical recommendations for corporate managers regarding a successful initiation and execution of teleworking projects. Finally, we contemplate on the future of teleworking under the light of advancements in IT and the internet.
hp-adaptive finite elements in electromagnetics

A model problem for the steady-state form of Maxwell's equations is considered. The problem is formulated in a weak form using a Lagrange multiplier, laying down a foundation for a general class of novel hp-adaptive FE approximations. A convergence proof for curvilinear elements is presented. The proposed method is illustrated and verified by a series of 2D experiments which include elements with curved boundaries and nonhomogeneous media.
Carbon dioxide laser laparoscopy performed with a flexible fiber in humans.

A flexible carbon dioxide laser fiber delivery system was used in conjunction with the laparoscope to treat 12 women. The 77 by 2 mm hollow fiber could subtend an arc of 90 degrees without significant loss of power or unfavorably affecting the delivery mode. As many as 20 W of power was transmitted through the fiber; however, carbon dioxide gas flow rates as high as 2000 cc/min reduced power by approximately 25%. Replaceable tips preserved fiber integrity to the extent that a single fiber could be reused repeatedly and gas sterilized without jeopardizing laser transmission. Of the 12 cases, endometriotic implants were vaporized in eight women, adhesiolysis was performed in four women, endometrial cysts were drained in two women, and vaporization of myomata was accomplished in two patients. The fiber was also used as a manipulating instrument and could be internally bent with a grasping forceps to better site the laser beam on a lesion. No complications related to the use of the carbon dioxide laser fiber were observed. The safety aspects of carbon dioxide laser fiber technology are not inconsiderable and could provide laser laparoscopy with an extra margin of security. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;157:1129-33.)
The determination of chlorates in the presence of perchlorates. Reduction of chlorates in acid solution employing excess Fe(II) or As(III)

Abstract A procedure is given for the determination of moderate amounts of chlorate in the presence of large amounts of perchlorate. Two reductants, Fe(II) and As(IlI), were employed with reverse titration of excess reductant by standard sulfato-ceric acid Osmic acid as catalyst is requisite Ferroine redox indicator was employed. The influence of acid concentration, temperature, and reaction time was determined. The procedures described were applicable to the analysis of NaClO 3 -NaClO 4 electro-Oxidation cell electrolytes for determination of cell reaction completion.
In-vivo studies on kappa opioid receptors

Abstract The actions of opioids are mediated by multiple types of opioid receptor. As a result, ‘obtaining the right balance' is the catchphrase most frequently heard these days in analgesic research laboratories throughout the pharmaceutical industry. Tomorrow's analgesics will feature a prominent κ component, a touch of δ, a tickle of μ, but not even a wisp of σ. New compounds are fashioned largely from structure-activity relationships involving bioassays and radioligand receptor binding. These in-vitro approaches have become well established over the past decade since they help to link receptor type to the analgesic under investigation. What about the complementary preclinical tests in-vivo ? Specifically, how can the animal pharmacologist assist in characterizing κ opioid activity? In this article, Alan Cowan and Debra E. Gmerek present a survey of tests that are being used to detect and define κ activity in-vivo . Special emphasis is placed on the rat bombesin-scratch test, a new procedure in which several κ-preferring agents are selectively active.
Advances in Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has become a routine component of clinical MR imaging. Its unique soft tissue contrast mechanism exploits differences in the motion of water molecules in vivo at a biologically meaningful scale. The clinical potential of DWI in lesion detection, characterization, and response assessment has been explored. This review briefly covers basic principles of DWI and introduces advances, specifically for abdominopelvic organs.
Selecting the Surgical Approach to Cancer of the Esophagus

The correct operative approach to localized carcinoma of the esophagus should be determined by the intent of the surgical resection and the clinical setting in which the procedure is to be performed. A combination of neoadjuvant CTh, RT, and surgery currently provides the best hope for long-term survival in patients presenting with localized carcinoma of the esophagus.
Type I Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Activation Regulates Apoptotic Proteins

Activation of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) blocks osmotic mediated programmed cell death (PCD) in neurons. We speculated that IGF-IR activation could afford neuroprotection either by effecting the negative regulators of the death pathway, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, or by altering activity of the ced-3/ICE-like proteases. Here we report that osmotic stress decreases total neuronal Bcl-2 by 4-fold and that hyperosmotic PCD correlates with proteolytic processing of neuronal ced-3/ICE-like proteases. IGF-IR activation maintains normal Bcl-2 levels, and signaling via the IGF-IR:phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway prevents ICE/LAP-3 and Yama/CPP32 processing. Finally, increased neuronal IGF-IR expression enhances the negative death regulator Bcl-xL. We suggest that IGF-IR signaling exerts its short-term inhibitory effects upon PCD "upstream" of both Bcl proteins and ced-3/ICE-like proteases, while chronic increased IGF-IR expression may modulate susceptibility to death signals by mediating the negative death regulator, Bcl-xL.
Dual hidden Markov model for characterizing wavelet coefficients from multi-aspect scattering data

Abstract Angle-dependent scattering (electromagnetic or acoustic) is considered from a general target, for which the scattered signal is a non-stationary function of the target-sensor orientation. A statistical model is presented for the wavelet coefficients of such a signal, in which the angular non-stationarity is characterized by an “outer” hidden Markov model (HMMo). The statistics of the wavelet coefficients, within a state of the outer HMM, are characterized by a second, “inner” HMMi, exploiting the tree structure of the wavelet decomposition. This dual-HMM construct is demonstrated by considering multi-aspect target identification using measured acoustic scattering data.
Properties of 1 MeV electron-irradiated defect centers in p-type silicon

Thermal emission rates of holes, activation energies, and annealing behavior of defects introduced in p-type silicon by 1.0 MeV electron irradiation were determined from dark junction capacitance and current transient measurements. Three donor levels are introduced at room temperature at 386,317, and 207 meV above the valence band. Donor levels at 328 and 260 meV are generated by heating at 170 and 225°C, respectively. Only the 386 meV levels survived 400°C heat treatment. These levels are independent of boron concentration and are from different defect centers. Die thermischen Emissionsraten von Lochern, die Aktivierungsenergien und der Einflus von Warmebehandlung auf Storstellen in p-Silizium, die durch Elektronenbestrahlung (1 MeV) erzeugt wurden, werden mit Hilfe von Kapazitatsmessungen und der zeitlichen Anderung des elektrischen Stromes bestimmt. Drei Donatorenniveaus werden bei Zimmertemperatur bei 386, 317 und 207 meV uber dem Valenzband erzeugt. Donatorenniveaus bei 328 und 260 meV werden durch Erwarmen auf 170 und 225°C erzeugt. Nur das 386 meV Niveau ubersteht eine Warmebehandlung bei 400°C. Diese Niveaus sind unabhangig von der Dotierungsdichte und werden von anderen Storstellen hervorgerufen.
Phospholipid composition of the lung and liver of the hibernating ground squirrel, Citellus lateralis

Abstract 1. 1. Phospholipid analysis of the lung and liver tissue of the ground squirrel, Citellus lateralis , reveals significant differences in molar values of phospholipid classes between active and hibernating animals. 2. 2. Specifically, the mol% value of phosphatidylcholine from lung tissue increases significantly in the hibernating physiological state. 3. 3. Also, in liver tissue, the mol% value of phosphatidylethanolamine increases while that of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol and diphosphatidylglycerol decreases significantly in the hibernating physiological state. 4. 4. No differences were found in the absolute quantity of phospholipid in either tissue from animals in the active and hibernating physiological state.
Blogging from the Management Perspective: A Follow-Up Study

This was a follow-up study to research on blogging implementation in the local media. Previous research (Schultz & Sheffer, 2007) suggested high levels of journalist resistance to blogging. This research focused on management attitudes and found insufficient management strategies and communication related to blogging to overcome journalist resistance. Managers have asked journalists to blog but have not taken the necessary steps to support its success, which suggests difficulty in implementation and adoption. Therefore, this research sought to compare news media managers' attitudes toward the implementation of blogging with blogging journalists, examine management implementation strategies (especially communication), and examine the reason why media managers implemented blogging at their media outlets. A central argument of this analysis is that managers have asked journalists to blog but have not taken the necessary steps to support its success, which suggests difficulty in implementation and adoption. ACCESS TO FULL TEXT
Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 functions regulate key aspects of the innate immune response.

Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 (ERAP1) is a multifunctional, ubiquitously expressed enzyme whose peptide-trimming role during antigen processing for presentation by MHC I molecules is well established, however, a role for ERAP1 in modulating global innate immune responses has not been described to date. Here we demonstrate that, relative to wild type mice, mice lacking ERAP1 exhibit exaggerated innate immune responses early during pathogen recognition, as characterized by increased activation of splenic and hepatic NK and NKT cells and enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL12 and MCP1. Our data also revealed that ERAP1 is playing a critical role in NK cell development and function. We observed higher frequencies of terminally matured NK cells, as well as higher frequencies of licensed NK cells (expressing the Ly49C and Ly49I receptors) in ERAP1-KO mice, results that positively correlated with an enhanced NK activation and IFNγ production by ERAP1-KO mice challenged with pro-inflammatory stimuli. Furthermore, during pathogen recognition, ERAP1 regulates IL12 production by CD11c+ DCs specifically, with increases in IL12 production positively correlated with an increased phagocytic activity of splenic DCs and macrophages. Collectively, our results demonstrate a previously unrecognized, more central role for the ERAP1 protein in modulating several aspects of both the development of the innate immune system, and its responses during the initial stages of pathogen recognition. Such a role may explain why ERAP1 has been implicated by GWAS in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases that may be precipitated by aberrant responses to pathogen encounters.
Maturation and segregation of brain networks that modify seizures.

Abstract The mature brain is less susceptible to seizures than the immature brain. We demonstrate that in the mature substantia nigra (SN) there are two topographically discrete GABA A -sensitive regions which differ in the amount of mRNA expression of the GABAA a receptor δ1 subunit. These two regions mediate separate anticon convulsant and preconvulsant and preconvulsant effects and use of diverge projection networks. By contrast, in the immature SN there is no special topography of mRNA expression of the α1 subunit and only the preconvulsant network is present. The decreased seizure susceptibility of the mature brain may be related to postnatal segregation of GABA a -sensitive networks.
Do metal alloys work as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Surface-enhanced Raman signals are reported from pyridine adsorbed onto ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Pd}}_{x}$ for $x\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.04$. For $x\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.05$ the alloys do not support enhancement within our limit of detection. The quenching is due to the introduction of Pd $d$ states which are involved in electron excitations that interfere with Ag's favorable free-electron-like behavior.
The Natural History and Treatment of Adrenal Myelolipoma

ABSTRACTPurpose: We determined the natural history and clarified the treatment of adrenal myelolipoma.Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of medical records and radiographic imaging studies of 20 patients diagnosed with adrenal myelolipoma was performed.Results: Of 20 patients 4 presented with abdominal pain and 1 had Cushing's syndrome. The remaining tumors were discovered incidentally. Four patients underwent surgery because of abdominal pain in 2, adrenal hyperfunction (Cushing's syndrome) in 1 and a tumor 10.5 cm. in largest dimension in 1. Of 15 patients (16 adrenal myelolipomas) followed without surgical intervention for an average of 3.2 years (range 0.3 to 10.8) 13 remained asymptomatic and 2 experienced persistent, vague abdominal discomfort. One patient was lost to followup. A total of 13 tumors from 12 patients was serially imaged, with tumor size increasing in 6, decreasing in 2 and remaining unchanged in 5.Conclusions: These data suggest that the majority of adrenal myelolipomas can...
Synthesis of 18 F-labeled phenolphthalein and naphtholphthalein

The fluorination of phenolphthalein and naphtholphthalein was performed with diluted fluorine gas under acidic conditions. For both compounds we observed an electrophilic fluorination into ortho position to the hydroxyl group. Through the use of this reaction we synthesized and characterized mono-and difluorinated derivatives of phenolphthalein and naphtholphthalein. The compounds were also prepared in the 18F labeled form, which are usable as a new type of probe for in vivo pH measurement in biological objects using Cerenkov imaging or combination of light absorption and PET.
Coordinate regulation of collagen and proteoglycan synthesis in costal cartilage of scorbutic and acutely fasted, vitamin C-supplemented guinea pigs.

Abstract The effects of ascorbic acid deficiency and acute fasting (with ascorbate supplementation) on the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycan in costal cartilages from young guinea pigs was determined by in vitro labeling of these components with radioactive proline and sulfate, respectively. Both parameters were coordinately decreased by the second week on a vitamin C-free diet, with a continued decline to 20–30% of control values by the fourth week. These effects were quite specific, since incorporation of proline into noncollagenous protein was reduced by only 30% after 4 weeks on the deficient diet. The time course of the decrease in collagen and proteoglycan synthesis paralleled the loss of body weight induced by ascorbate deficiency. Hydroxylation of proline in collagen synthesized by scorbutic costal cartilage was reduced to about 60% of normal relatively early, and remained at that level thereafter. Neither collagen nor proteoglycan synthesis was returned to normal by the addition of ascorbate (0.2 m m ) to cartilage in vitro. Administration of a single dose of ascorbate to scorbutic guinea pigs increased liver ascorbate and restored proline hydroxylation to normal levels by 24 h, but failed to increase the synthesis of collagen or proteoglycan. Synthesis of both extracellular matrix components was restored to control levels after four daily doses of ascorbate. A 96-h total fast, with ascorbate supplementation, produced rates of weight loss and decreases in the synthesis of these two components similar to those produced by acute scurvy. There was a linear correlation between changes in collagen and proteoglycan synthesis and changes in body weight during acute fasting, scurvy, and its reversal. These results suggest that it is the fasting state induced by ascorbate deficiency, rather than a direct action of the vitamin in either of these two biosynthetic pathways, which is the primary regulatory factor.
Characterization of distinct human endometrial carcinoma cell lines deficient in mismatch repair that originated from a single tumor.

The role of specific mismatch repair (MMR) gene products was examined by observing several phenotypic end points in two MMR-deficient human endometrial carcinoma cell lines that were originally isolated from the same tumor. The first cell line, HEC-1-A, contains a nonsense mutation in the hPMS2 gene, which results in premature termination and a truncated hPMS2 protein. In addition, HEC-1-A cells carry a splice mutation in thehMSH6 gene and lack wild-type hMSH6 protein. The second cell line, HEC-1-B, possesses the same defective hMSH6locus. However, HEC-1-B cells are heterozygous at the hPMS2locus; that is, along with carrying the same nonsense mutation in hPMS2 as in HEC-1-A, HEC-1-B cells also contain a wild-type hPMS2 gene. Initial recognition of mismatches in DNA requires either the hMSH2/hMSH6 or hMSH2/hMSH3 heterodimer, with hPMS2 functioning downstream of damage recognition. Therefore, cells defective in hPMS2 should completely lack MMR (HEC-1-A), whereas cells mutant in hMSH6 only (HEC-1-B) can potentially repair damage via the hMSH2/hMSH3 heterodimer. The data presented here in HEC-1-B cells illustrate (i) the reduction of instability at microsatellite sequences, (ii) a significant decrease in frameshift mutation rate at HPRT, and (iii) the in vitro repair of looped substrates, relative to HEC-1-A cells, illustrating the repair of frameshift intermediates by hMSH2/hMSH3 heterodimer. Furthermore, the role of hMSH2/hMSH3 heterodimer in the repair of base:base mismatches is supported by observing the reduction in base substitution mutation rate at HPRT in HEC-1-B cells (hMSH6-defective but possessing wild-type hPMS2), as compared with HEC-1-A (hMSH6/hPMS2-defective) cells. These data support a critical role for hPMS2 in human MMR, while further defining the role of the hMSH2/hMSH3 heterodimer in maintaining genomic stability in the absence of a wild-type hMSH2/hMSH6 heterodimer.
Mechanisms of heat transfer between a surface and a gas-fluidized bed for combustor application

Abstract There is currently considerable interest in the development of fluidized-bed boilers for efficient and environmentally clean combustion of coal. Fluidized beds have the advantages of high heat transfer rates and intimate mixing of additives such as limestone or dolomite for sulfur dioxide absorption produced as a result of combustion of coal containing sulfur. However, design for optimum heat transfer remains uncertain and essentially empirical. The mechanisms of heat transfer are complicated because of the many variables in a commercial combustion operation such as particle size distribution, particle shape, particle and gas thermal properties, reactor geometry and boiler tube design. An understanding of the mechanisms of bed to tube heat transfer is essential to sound design and interpretation of empirically derived correlations. Here we will review and criticize the major mechanisms of heat transfer that have been proposed. These mechanisms are proposed and developed from two schools of thought: (a) The principal resistance to heat transfer is a fluid film, and the moving fluidized particles scour the film to reduce the resistance to heat transfer; (b) Heat is absorbed by the fluidized particles and the rate of heat transfer depends on the rate of heat absorption. Radiant heat transfer is also discussed in this review in detail. Heat transfer by radiation is an important consideration in combustors but has received limited attention. The results of theoretical calculations are given which have been recently reported on the basis of the alternate-slab model of Gabor. The review will predominantly deal with the mechanistic models of heat transfer and various correlations developed over years will not be covered as this topic is dealt with in another review article by Saxena, Grewal, Gabor, Zabrodsky and Galershtein.
An Analytical Approach to Scheduling Code for Superscalar and VLIW Architectures

Superscalar and Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) architectures exploit fine-grain parallelism to achieve better performance. Static scheduling techniques, such as trace scheduling [1] and superblock scheduling [2], can effectively produce compact code for these architectures. In this paper, we present an analytical approach for bookkeeping in code scheduling that alleviates the coding complexity and instruction duplication limitations of the previous approaches. We describe techniques that allow instructions to be moved around loop and if-then-else constructs using global information. We also show that according to the classification of the register sets, certain instructions can be moved around subroutine calls, since their register live ranges can be predetermined across the procedural boundaries at compile time. Performance is compared with respect to the speed-up, the code size and the scheduling time. Experimental results indicate that the code growth and the speed-up are both improved with a small increase in scheduling time.
Mental retardation research methods in Latino communities

The importance of understanding specific methods and strategies for conducting mental retardation research in Latino communities is discussed. Research methods used in the recruitment and analysis of a sample of 72 Puerto Rican mothers of a son or daughter with mental retardation are described. The emphasis is on the importance of involving the community in many aspects of the study in order to (a) ensure that the community benefits, (b) strengthen the scientific integrity of the study, and (c) facilitate sample recruitment.
Diet associated hepatic steatosis sensitizes to Fas mediated liver injury in mice

Abstract Background/Aims : Hepatic steatosis sensitizes the liver to injury and inflammation by unclear mechanisms. Because Fas has been linked to liver injury and inflammation, Fas expression and sensitization to Fas signaling was examined in models of hepatic steatosis. Methods : Mice were fed a carbohydrate diet while control animals received standard chow. Sensitization to Fas was examined following administration of Jo2 antibody. For the in vitro experiments, HepG2 cells were incubated with or without a mixture of long chain fatty acids (2:1 oleate:palmitate). Sensitization of the cells to Fas was examined using the CH11 antibody. Results : Mice fed a high caloric diet developed hepatic steatosis, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and hyperleptinemia, all features of the human syndrome. Fas expression in hepatocytes was increased as compared to lean animals and was coupled to cytotoxic signaling. Indeed, hepatocyte apoptosis, liver injury and chemokine generation were all accentuated in obese animals following administration of Jo-2, a Fas agonist. Hep G2 cells cultured in the presence of free fatty acids also developed ‘cellular steatosis', upregulated Fas expression and were more sensitive to apoptosis by a Fas agonist. Conclusions : Collectively, these data implicate Fas as a link between obesity associated fatty liver and increased susceptibility to liver damage.
Synthesis and structure activity relationship studies of novel Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A inhibitors

Synthetic methods have been developed for lead Sortase A inhibitors identified from previous studies. Several derivatives of the lead inhibitor were synthesized to derive preliminary structure activity relationships (SAR). Different regions of the lead inhibitor that are critical for the enzyme activity have been determined by systematic SAR studies. The E stereochemistry of the lead compound was found to be critical for its activity. Replacement of the E double bond with Z double bond or a rigid triple bond reduced the enzyme inhibitory activity in most cases. Reduction of the double bond to a C-C single bond resulted in complete loss of activity. Amide carbonyl and NH groups were also found to be crucial for the activity of this class of inhibitors, as well. The morpholine ring oxygen atom was also found to be an important factor for the activity of the lead inhibitor. Preliminary SAR studies led to the identification of compounds with improved enzyme inhibition. The most active compound was found to have an IC(50) value of 58 microM against the enzyme.
Teratogenicity of secalonic acid d in mice

Teratogenicity and fetotoxicity of secalonic acid D, a toxic fungal metabolite produced by Penicillium oxalicum, were investigated with pregnant CD1 mice. The compound was administered ip on d 7-15 of pregnancy. A dose-dependent reduction in weight gain of mothers receiving all doses of secalonic acid D and an increase in resorptions of implanted embryos of dams treated with more than 5 mg/kg secalonic acid D occurred. The latter effect was nearly 100% at 15 or 9 mg/kg given in NaHCO3 with or without dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively. A corresponding decrease in the percent of live fetuses and a decrease in the average fetal body weight on d 19 of pregnancy also occurred. Multiple gross, skeletal, and visceral anomalies were noted in fetuses born to mothers receiving 10 mg/kg or more in NaHCO3 containing DMSO. In NaHCO3 alone, the minimum teratogenic dose was 6 mg/kg. Major malformations included cleft palate, cleft lip, open eyelids, missing phalangeal ossification centers, and shortened mandibles. The results indicated that secalonic acid D is embryocidal and teratogenic as well as fetotoxic when given to female CD1 mice during pregnancy.
Increased sensitivity to kainic acid in a genetic model of reduced NMDA receptor function

The pathophysiology of schizophrenia may involve reduced NMDA receptor function and experimental models of NMDA receptor hypofunction have proven useful for characterizing neurobiological abnormalities potentially relevant to schizophrenia. The present study assessed behavioral responses and induction of Fos after administration of kainic acid to wild type mice (NR1(+/+)) and mice with genetically reduced NMDA receptor expression (NR1(neo/neo)). At a dose of 20 mg/kg, kainic acid induced lethal seizures in 100% of the NR1(neo/neo) mice tested but produced no lethal seizures in the wild type mice. The NR1(neo/neo) mice also exhibited enhanced behavioral responses to kainic acid at a dose of 15 mg/kg but no lethal seizures were produced by this dose. A greater induction of Fos was observed in neocortical and limbic cortical regions of the NR1(neo/neo) compared to NR1(+/+) mice after administration of 15 mg/kg kainic acid. In contrast, there were no differences between the genotypes in kainic acid induced Fos in the amygdala, hippocampus, lateral septum, and nucleus accumbens. In order to determine if altered behavioral phenotypes of the NR1(neo/neo) mice could be related to increased sensitivity of kainate receptors to endogenous glutamate, effects of the highly selective kainate antagonist LY382884 were examined. The kainate antagonist reduced the exaggerated acoustic startle responses, deficits in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle, and motor hyperactivity in the NR1(neo/neo) mice. These findings suggest that selective kainate receptor antagonists could be novel therapeutic candidates for schizophrenia.
Initiated language learning machine with multi-media and speech-recognition techniques

Facing the 21st century the age of exploration-increasing of all kinds of knowledge and quickly development of information, how to promote the competition potential of our citizens becomes a critical issue. How to deepen the quality of education obviously becomes an important mission for the government. As we know, the initial stage of children education is main portion of profound education work and ought to be carefully concerned. Parents should offer perfect educational environment as well as material environment for next generation instead of purchasing better living condition all day long. A well-learning attitude and habit should be cultivated from childhood, especially from the initial stage of children. For example, the learning age of children is provided earlier than before in most Asian countries to upgrade the best learning effect. Therefore, in this study we tried to combine advanced technology of speech-recognition techniques with Sun-Plus microprocessor SPCE061A with wireless communication technique of Bluetooth and Flash software to construct “Full-purposed Learning Machine for Initial stage education”, which posses techniques speech-recognition, wireless communication interface, and multi-media management, to offer an ever brand-new learning environment and experience for children. The experimental result of this brand-new learning machine with testing from 251 children finally proved that learning activities could achieve much better effect through encouraged design and attractive factors with multi-media and promote the interest for students to learn boring language.
Conservative Rationales, Racial Boundaries: A Case Study of Restrictionist Mexican Americans

The 2006 immigration marches have become emblematic of Latinos’ united position on immigration. However, solidarity and collective action is only one group formation outcome of sociopolitical exclu...
Abstract 4663: The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL INTRODUCTION: Obesity is associated with increased risk and worse outcomes for women with endometrial cancer. Inflammation may play a critical role in obesity-driven cancers; thus, the anti-inflammatory effects of COX-2 inhibitors may be a novel treatment strategy that is particularly beneficial in endometrial cancer patients. As a result, our objective was to evaluate the effect of COX-2 inhibitors on proliferation and apoptosis in endometrial cancer cell lines. METHODS: Two endometrial cancer cell lines (ECC-1 and Ishikawa) were used in these studies. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay after exposure to the COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib. Cell cycle progression was evaluated by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was assessed by ELISA for caspase-3. hTERT mRNA expression was assessed by real-time PCR. Western immunoblotting was performed to determine the effect of celecoxib on COX-2 expression in the endometrial cancer cell lines. RESULTS: Celecoxib significantly inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in both endometrial cancer cell lines (IC50 5-10 μM for ECC-1, 10-20 μM for Ishikawa; p<0.005 for each). Treatment with celecoxib resulted in G1 cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of hTERT mRNA expression. Western immunoblot analysis demonstrated that celecoxib treatment suppresses COX-2 expression in both endometrial cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION: Celecoxib potently inhibits cell growth via G1 arrest, decreases telomerase activity and increases apoptotic cell death in endometrial cancer cells. This work suggests that celecoxib may be a novel chemotherapeutic agent for endometrial cancer prevention and treatment, especially given the interplay between obesity, inflammation and cancer risk. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4663. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4663
Mechanical Shuttling of Linear Motor-Molecules in Condensed Phases on Solid Substrates

From analyses of pressure-area isotherms and X-ray photoelectron spectra, we have demonstrated that redox-controllable molecular shuttles, in the shape of amphiphilic, bistable rotaxanes, are mechanically switchable in closely packed Langmuir films with chemical reagents. Additionally, mechanical switching has been proven to occur in closely packed Langmuir -Blodgett bilayers while mounted on solid substrates. The results not only constitute a proof of principle but they also provide the impetus to develop solid-state nanoelectromechanical systems that have the potential to reach up to the mesoscale.
Commodore Squib: The Life, Times and Secretive Wars of England's First Rocket Man, Sir William Congreve, 1772–1828 – By James Earle

American readers will know of Sir William Congreve's work, if not his name, by his rockets that cast their “red glare” over Fort McHenry during the War of 1812. The author of this “life and times,”...
Inventing energy internet The role of anticipation in human-centered energy distribution and utilization

Stymied by lack of energy storage, power systems cannot evolve easily into complex-information networks such as the Internet. However, under the working hypothesis that predicting power behavior is tantamount to energy storage, or stated differently, ldquoour ability to anticipate energy demand can offset our inability to store energyrdquo we begin to develop new energy delivery networks with more transparent relations, higher efficiency and improved reliability. The concept of an energy Internet is discussed and a possible prototype implementation through human-centered automation is presented.
The Evolution of Control and Distribution of Adaptive Mutations in a Metabolic Pathway

In an attempt to understand whether it should be expected that some genes tend to be used disproportionately often by natural selection, we investigated two related phenomena: the evolution of flux control among enzymes in a metabolic pathway and properties of adaptive substitutions in pathway enzymes. These two phenomena are related by the principle that adaptive substitutions should occur more frequently in enzymes with greater flux control. Predicting which enzymes will be preferentially involved in adaptive evolution thus requires an evolutionary theory of flux control. We investigated the evolution of enzyme control in metabolic pathways with two models of enzyme kinetics: metabolic control theory (MCT) and Michaelis–Menten saturation kinetics (SK). Our models generate two main predictions for pathways in which reactions are moderately to highly irreversible: (1) flux control will evolve to be highly unequal among enzymes in a pathway and (2) upstream enzymes evolve a greater control coefficient then those downstream. This results in upstream enzymes fixing the majority of beneficial mutations during adaptive evolution. Once the population has reached high fitness, the trend is reversed, with the majority of neutral/slightly deleterious mutations occurring in downstream enzymes. These patterns are the result of three factors (the first of these is unique to the MCT simulations while the other two seem to be general properties of the metabolic pathways): (1) the majority of randomly selected, starting combinations of enzyme kinetic rates generate pathways that possess greater control for the upstream enzymes compared to downstream enzymes; (2) selection against large pools of intermediate substrates tends to prevent majority control by downstream enzymes; and (3) equivalent mutations in enzyme kinetic rates have the greatest effect on flux for enzymes with high levels of flux control, and these enzymes will accumulate adaptive substitutions, strengthening their control. Prediction 1 is well supported by available data on control coefficients. Data for evaluating prediction 2 are sparse but not inconsistent with this prediction.
Diagnostic criteria and histologic grading in multiple myeloma: Histologic and immunohistologic analysis of 176 cases with clinical correlation

Diagnostic criteria in myeloma have not been completely standardized or tested for accuracy; furthermore, marrow findings of prognostic value have not been clearly identified. We studied 176 patients with myeloma to determine the relative value of marrow differential, tissue sections, and immunohistology singly or in concert in the diagnosis of myeloma and to correlate morphologic features with prognosis. Controls were patients with benign marrow plasmacytosis. Homogeneous nodules of plasma cells at least 1/2 high-power field and/or monotypic aggregates of plasma cells filling at least one interfatty marrow space correctly identified myeloma in 83.5% of cases, with no false positives. The current numerical criteria of marrow plasmacytosis > or = 10% occurred in 17.1% of the controls, and 39.7% of patients with myeloma had less than 10% marrow plasmacytosis at presentation. Myeloma was graded histologically into categories of none/minimal, moderate, and marked dysplasia on the basis of dysplastic features and mitoses; these categories correlated well with clinical outcome, with median length of survival of 32.9, 25.2, and 12.9 months, respectively (overall median length of survival of 123 patients with myeloma, 29.2 months). Packing of marrow by tumor and mitoses measuring at least 5/high-power field regardless of grade also was associated with a poor prognosis (median lengths of survival, 15.2 and 11 months, respectively). Myeloma may be diagnosed in the great majority of cases by demonstrating homogeneous nodules and/or monotypic aggregates of plasma cells in the marrow. Prognostic features were shown to include marked dysplasia, mitoses, packing of marrow by tumor, and clinical stage.
Microsample Testing of Single Crystalline Ti-52 at%Al and Ti-55.5 at%Al

Dislocation activity in two-phase commercial TiAl alloys occurs most readily in the {gamma}-TiAl phase, and measurements of the CRSS of single crystalline {gamma}-TiAl provides a solid foundation for understanding the mechanical performance of these alloys. Single crystals of {gamma}-TiAl with greater than 54.5 at% Al have been grown using the optical float zone crystal growing technique, but single crystals with lower Al content, closer to that of commercial alloys, have not. In the present study, polycrystalline ingots of Ti-52 at% Al have been heat treated to form very large grains, and microsample tensile specimens, which have a nominal gage cross-section of 250{micro}m x 300{micro}m, a gage length of 250{micro}m and an overall length of 3 mm, have been machined from within single grains. Microsample high-temperature stress-strain curves for Ti-55.5 at% Al single crystals oriented along the [001] and [010] are presented. Tensile test results for Ti-52 at% Al tested at 1,073K along the[{bar 2}37], [{bar 1}73] and [{bar 3}44] orientations will also be discussed.
Low incidence of new biochemical and clinical hypogonadism following hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) monotherapy for low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer

Background: The CyberKnife is an appealing delivery system for hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) because of its ability to deliver highly conformal radiation therapy to moving targets. This conformity is achieved via 100s of non-coplanar radiation beams, which could potentially increase transitory testicular irradiation and result in post-therapy hypogonadism. We report on our early experience with CyberKnife SBRT for low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients and assess the rate of inducing biochemical and clinical hypogonadism. Methods: Twenty-six patients were treated with hypofractionated SBRT to a dose of 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions. All patients had histologically confirmed low- to intermediate-risk prostate adenocarcinoma (clinical stage ≤ T2b, Gleason score ≤ 7, PSA ≤ 20 ng/ml). PSA and total testosterone levels were obtained pre-treatment, 1 month posttreatment and every 3 months thereafter, for 1 year. Biochemical hypogonadism was defined as a total serum testosterone level below 8 nmol/L. Urinary and gastrointestinal toxicity was assessed using Common Toxicity Criteria v3; quality of life was assessed using the American Urological Association Symptom Score, Sexual Health Inventory for Men and Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite questionnaires.
Substance P receptor mediated maintenance of chronic inflammation in EAE

Substance P (SP) is a modulatory, pro-inflammatory neuropeptide. We investigated the role of the SP receptor, neurokinin-1 (NK-1), in EAE. Our data show that in the chronic phase, mice lacking NK-1 have improved mobility and decreased numbers of LFA-1 high CD4+ T cells and MOG-specific, IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells. SR140333, an NK-1 antagonist, administered alone during the chronic phase of EAE was not sufficient to ameliorate symptoms. These results indicate that SP, through NK-1, contributes to maintenance of CNS inflammation, and combining NK-1 antagonists with conventional anti-inflammatory treatments may enhance the success of treatments for diseases like multiple sclerosis.
A dynamic framework to actively support interoperability in multidatabase systems

Studies the dynamics of objects in a multidatabase context with respect to time, and proposes to incorporate the temporal active database paradigm into multidatabases to provide a suitable platform for specifying how global interfaces react to the anticipated dynamic changes of both local databases and global users. Since global interfaces take requests from the global users and retrieve data from the local databases to reply to the users, these interfaces should actively respond to either changes in the databases or changes in the global users. >
Improving Nurse-to-Patient Staffing Ratios as a Cost-Effective Safety Intervention

Background: Responding to research confirming the link between nurse staffing and patient outcomes, 14 states have introduced legislation to limit patient-to-nurse ratios. However, increased staffing places a considerable financial burden on hospitals. Objective: We sought to determine the cost-effectiveness of various nurse staffing ratios. Research Design: This was a cost-effectiveness analysis from the institutional perspective comparing patient-to-nurse ratios ranging from 8:1 to 4:1. Cost estimates were drawn from the medical literature and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Patient mortality and length of stay data for different ratios were based on 2 large hospital level studies. Incremental cost-effectiveness was calculated for each ratio and sensitivity and Monte Carlo analyses performed. Subjects: The study included general medical and surgical patients. Measures: We sought to measure costs per life saved in 2003 US dollars. Results of Base Case Analysis: Eight patients per nurse was the least expensive ratio but was associated with the highest patient mortality. Decreasing the number of patients per nurse improved mortality and increased costs, becoming progressively less costeffective as the ratio declined from 8:1 to 4:1. Nonetheless, the incremental cost-effectiveness did not exceed $136,000 (95% CI $53,000‐402,000) per life saved. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: The model was most sensitive to the effects of patient-to-nurse ratios on mortality. Lower ratios were most cost-effective when lower ratios shortened length of stay, and hourly wages were low. However, throughout the ranges of all these variables, the incremental cost-effectiveness of limiting the ratio to 4:1 never exceeded $449,000 per life saved. Conclusions: As a patient safety intervention, patient-to-nurse ratios of 4:1 are reasonably cost-effective and in the range of other commonly accepted interventions.
Sexual Harassment Policy. What Do Employees Want

This research explores hew public-sector employees feel about sexual harassment policies in their workplace, identifies policy attributes that appear to lead to dissatisfaction, and examines employee suggestions for policy improvement. Based on a survey of employees in two public-sector organizations, it concludes that satisfaction with policies is mixed and uncertainty is high, while reporting rates are low relative to harassment experiences. And, while employees are better able to identify problems than propose solutions, recommendations for policy improvements include training on the nature of sexual harassment, use of an ombudsperson, and increased accountability of supervisors.