cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability Analysis of Electricity Markets Using TSK Fuzzy Modeling

This paper discusses the stability properties of electricity markets and their implications for the deregulated market environment. We formulate a Takagi–Sugeno–Kang (TSK) fuzzy model for electricity markets to account for their uncertainty and nonlinearity and obtain realistic stability results. The paper provides sufficient conditions for the stability and instability of electricity markets. All the proposed stability and instability conditions can be tested using linear matrix inequalities. Simulation results demonstrate the application of the stability and instability tests to electric power market under different market conditions. The tests also demonstrate the importance of the including nonlinearities and uncertainty in the electricity market when investigating its stability.
A study of colossal magnetoresistance using maximum entropy principle

Abstract Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) has been investigated within the framework of the maximum entropy principle (MEP) for a system described by a model Hamiltonian of Aliaga, Proto and Zunino type which is a simplified version of Hubbard–Anderson Hamiltonian. We find that for a particular choice of the set of parameters related to the strengths of the mean field, anti-alignment, internal magnetic field and hopping, a system could exhibit physical properties characteristic of CMR. In particular, the general pattern of measured resistance as a function of temperature for a series of applied field could be reproduced. In addition, the magnetoresistance ratio, Δ R / R , could be (a) negative, (b) very large and (c) may occur only in a temperature zone, outside of which it is negligible. The calculation also accounts for the increase in transition temperature with the increase in the strength of the applied field. The general pattern of the calculated magnetization as a function of applied field is also reproduced. In addition, the calculated magnetization tends to a saturation value, irrespective of temperature, as is the case experimentally. Within the context of this Hamiltonian, CMR is a manifestation of a phase transition from a ferromagnetic to an anti-ferromagnetic phase. A simple argument substantiating the latter argument is also presented at the end of the section on results and discussion.
Empirically derived abstractions in uncore power modeling for a server-class processor chip

Early-stage power modeling is an essential aspect of the process of defining efficient, yet high-performance microarchitectures. Pre-silicon power modeling has been an active area of research and development for well over a decade, although primarily focused on the processor cores. In this paper, we examine the challenge of developing practical abstractions in uncore power modeling in an industrial setting. We report a systematic methodology of abstractions in modeling with a focus on key uncore elements of the POWER8TM processor chip from IBM. The results show that the active power of these uncore elements can be modeled with acceptable levels of precision, by: (a) using just a few activity markers: e.g. reads, writes, retries and snoops; and (b) using a small set of systematically crafted microbenchmark stress test cases to measure the activity frequencies on a detailed, cycle- and latch-accurate RTL reference model.
Electrothermal Microactuators With Peg Drive Improve Performance for Brain Implant Applications

This paper presents a new actuation scheme for in-plane bidirectional translation of polysilicon microelectrodes. The new Chevron-peg actuation scheme uses micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) based electrothermal microactuators to move microelectrodes for brain implant applications. The design changes were motivated by specific needs identified by the in vivo testing of an earlier generation of MEMS microelectrodes that were actuated by the Chevron-latch type of mechanism. The microelectrodes actuated by the Chevron-peg mechanism discussed here show improved performance in the following key areas: higher force generation capability (111 μN per heat strip compared to 50 μN), reduced power consumption (91 mW compared to 360 mW), and reliable performance with consistent forward and backward movements of microelectrodes. Failure analysis of the Chevron-latch and the Chevron-peg type of actuation schemes showed that the latter is more robust to wear over four million cycles of operation. The parameters for the activation waveforms for Chevron-peg actuators were optimized using statistical analysis. Waveforms with a 1-ms time period and a 1-Hz frequency of operation showed minimal error between the expected and the actual movement of the microelectrodes. The new generation of Chevron-peg actuators and microelectrodes are therefore expected to enhance the longevity and performance of implanted microelectrodes in the brain.
The thermal stability in air of hot-pressed diboride matrix composites for uses at ultra-high temperatures

Abstract The resistance to oxidation in ambient air at a temperature up to 1600 °C of two hot-pressed diborides matrix composites, both containing 19.5% v/o SiC and 3 v/o HfN (as sintering aid), was investigated. The diboride matrix was based on HfB 2 or a ZrB 2 /HfB 2 mixture (volume ratio ≈ 1). Both the materials were subjected to repeated heating-cooling cycles at 1600 °C, and a 20 h exposure at 1450 °C in flowing dry air. Modest weight gains and limited corrosion depths highlighted a rather good thermal stability. In accordance with the thermo-gravimetric test at 1450 °C, the oxidation kinetics for both the composites superbly fit a para-linear law. The introduction of the SiC particles provided tangible benefits for the resistance to oxidation. One of the oxidation products, a borosilicate glass, sealed pores and coated the exposed faces, greatly limiting the inward transport of oxygen towards the internal oxide/diboride interfaces.
Predictors of medication refill–seeking behavior in the ED

Abstract Objective Determine predictors of medication refill–seeking behavior in ED patients with chronic illness. Methods/Design Prospective cross-sectional ED survey conducted for 6 weeks. Setting Public hospital ED (>140 000 visits per year). Subjects ED patients (>18 years) taking chronic medications for congestive heart failure, diabetes, and/or hypertension. Results Of 1168 patients surveyed, 344 (29%) presented to the ED secondary to running out of medications and requiring a medication refill. Univariate predictors included age younger than 50 years, non-Hispanic ethnicity, low income ( Conclusion Presenting for medication refills is common in ED patients with chronic illness.
Ultrastructure of the Human Mammary Gland. I. Development of the Fetal Gland Throughout Gestation

ABSTRACT Seven mammary glands from male and female human fetuses varying from 13 to 40 weeks gestation were studied ultrastructurally. At 13 weeks the mammary bud grows into the upper dermis, forming solid offshoots of epithelial cells surrounded by a well defined basement lamina and dense fibroblastic stroma; myoepithelial cells are not seen. The epithelial cells show small desmosomes and interlocking processes, large pools of glycogen and scant lipid droplets. At approximately 20 weeks, ductules are observed linked by epithelial cells in two possible states of differentiation. Myoepithelial cells are well defined, containing myofilaments, dense bodies and hemidesmosomes attached to a distinct basement lamina. During the last trimester the epithelial cells show both short and long slender microvilli on the free surface of the ductular lumen, sometimes accompanied by large cytoplasmic protrusions. The Golgi system and the abundant endoplasmic reticulum have dilated cisternae filled with finely granular ma...
Hypoxia: jump-starting inflammation

Tissue hypoxia affects immunity and inflammation; however, the way in which changes in oxygen levels may modulate dendritic cell (DC) function is still not clear. Bosco et al report the gene expression profiling of hypoxic mature DCs and identify TREM-1 as a novel hypoxia-inducible gene that may amplify inflammatory responses.
Commentary on the Strengths Perspective and Potential Applications in School Counseling

In its history, professional social work has long given at least lip service to the idea of building on client strengths as a part of the helping enterprise. This article provides an overview of the strengths approach to practice as it has evolved in social work and how that method and style might be applied by school counselors in their work with students and teachers. Some examples are presented including the use of a strengths approach in an economically distressed community and in a school facing real difficulties in assuring students' achievement and involvement in school.
Climate and Competition Shape Species' Borders: A Study of the Panamint (Crotalus stephensi) and Speckled (Crotalus mitchellii) Rattlesnakes

We used ecological niche modelling to study the relative roles of climate and interspecific interactions in defining the parapatric contact between closely related species (Crotalus mitchellii and C. stephensi) and to predict refugia during the last glacial maximum. The modelled suitable habitat for C. stephensi correctly predicts the existing parapatric border between it and C. mitchellii, suggesting that C. stephensi's range at the border is limited by climatic factors. In contrast, the suitable habitat for C. mitchellii does not correctly predict the existing parapatric boundary; rather the suitable habitat of this species extends into the range of C. stephensi, suggesting the latter species, not climatic factors, limit the range of C. mitchellii. Modelled refugia of C. stephensi are much smaller than modern suitable habitat and are partially situated at the current parapatric border, whereas the refugia of C. mitchellii are similar to its current suitable habitat, though also shifted to the south. Ecological niche modelling appears to be a useful tool for studying the interplay between climate and competition in determining boundaries between parapatric species. It also appears to be useful for predicting past suitable habitats of species, because predicted refugia are congruent with independent estimates from molecular phylogeography.
Recent developments in digital radiography detectors

Medical projection radiography is currently undergoing a major transformation into the digital age. New digital X-ray detectors are providing improved image quality as well as increased functionality. These advances promise to significantly change the practice of radiology in the coming years. This review paper will describe some of the issues associated with the new digital detectors, their design, capabilities and limitations as well as a few of the promising new clinical applications being enabled by their introduction. The review will focus mainly on the new amorphous silicon flat-panel detectors but will also touch on other technologies and promising new developments that may be introduced into the clinical environment in the not too distant future.
Identification and purification of an organ specific, tumor membrane associated antigen from a spontaneously metastasizing rat mammary carcinoma.

Abstract An organ specific (common histotypic) antigen has been identified and partially purified from a spontaneously metastasizing rat mammary carcinoma, TMT-081. The antigen is present in the tumor at a level about 50–200 times greater than in non-malignant, hyperplastic mammary tissue. The antigen is a membrane associated glycoprotein and was solubilized by limited papain digestion of tumor cell membranes or by extraction with non-ionic detergent. Partial purification of papain solubilized antigen by gel filtration and lectin affinity chromatography yielded material that was 50% precipitable by a specific rabbit antibody reagent obtained from antiserum raised against the tumor. The apparent molecular weight of the partially purified antigen was about 28.000 as determined by SDS-PAGE. Quantitation of the antigen was accomplished by a sensitive binding inhibition radioimmune assay. The antigen was present in hyperplastic mammary tissue and was not detected in other normal adult or fetal rat tissues and in a polyoma virus induced syngeneic rat fibrosarcoma. The antigen could be detected in the serum of tumor bearing animals at concentrations reflecting the tumor mass present.
Robes, fiery crosses, and the american the materiality of the 1920s' klan's patriotism, and intolerance

ABSTRACTRobes, fiery crosses, and the American flag were all material objects of the 1920s' Ku Klux Klan, and the order's artifacts, specifically its material religion, are suspiciously absent from Klan historiography. The Klan's religious nation, its Protestant America, became tangible, in its artifacts, and the order's intolerance emerges as a crucial component of the Klan's religious and national identity. This article explores not only the importance of objects in the 1920s' Klan and the religious and national emphases of the order's origins but also the theological and patriotic content of three Klan artifacts (the robes, the American flag, and the fiery cross). I argue that material religion and intolerance holds a central place in the 1920s' Klan as well as the contemporary Klan movement and assessing material objects allows us to engage more fully the exclusivist presentations of faith and nation in American nationalism.
Modeling pilot plant performance of an absorber with aqueous piperazine

Abstract Pilot plant data for CO2 capture with 8 m piperazine (PZ) were reconciled with an absorber model in Aspen Plus® using quantified error in pilot plant input data and a global correction to absorber performance parameters. Four global corrections were applied independently to adjust: interfacial area, liquid side mass transfer coefficient, solvent CO2 content, or solvent piperazine (PZ) content. Each of the four cases resulted in a reconciled model with pilot plant data and provides a potential route to quantifying and correcting measurement and experimental error as well as enhancing understanding of real absorber performance. The modified absorber model was then used to quantify the performance improvement due to implementation of a spray nozzle in the absorber intercooling loop. The spray nozzle added the equivalent of 7% to 20% more packing to the column as a function of the flow rate through the nozzle.
Nucleolar Nek11 is a novel target of Nek2A in G1/S-arrested cells

We previously reported that Nek11, a member of the NIMA (never-in-mitosis A) family of kinases, is activated in G1/S-arrested cells. We provide herein several lines of evidence for a novel interaction between Nek11 and Nek2A. Both Nek11 and Nek2A, but not Nek2B, were detected at nucleoli, and the Nek2A-specific C-terminal end (amino acids 399-445) was responsible for nucleolar localization. Endogenous Nek11 coimmunoprecipitated with endogenous Nek2A, and non-catalytic regions of each kinase were involved in the complex formation. Nek11L interacted with phosphorylated Nek2A but barely with the kinase-inactive Nek2A (K37R) mutant. In addition, both Nek2A autophosphorylation activity and the Nek11L-Nek2A complex formation increased in G1/S-arrested cells. These results indicate that autophosphorylation of Nek2A could stimulate its interaction with Nek11L at the nucleolus. Moreover, Nek2 directly phosphorylated Nek11 in the C-terminal non-catalytic region and elevated Nek11 kinase activity. The non-catalytic region of Nek11 showed autoinhibitory activity through intramolecular interaction with its N-terminal catalytic domain. Nek2 dissociated this autoinhibitory interaction. Altogether, our studies demonstrate a unique mechanism of Nek11 activation by Nek2A in G1/S-arrested cells and suggest a novel possibility for nucleolar function of the NIMA family.
The "second injury" to victims of violent acts

This paper, originally published in 1980, is a significant contribution to the study of psychological trauma and its treatment; particularly countertransference aspects of that treatment. Initially it was widely cited but then became little known, largely because of the inaccessibility of the original publication. The three major concepts in Symond's approach are: (1) self-hate and shame are the key dynamics in post traumatic distress; (2) ordinary professional attitudes of those who are supposed to help often intensify the traumatized person's self-hate and shame. Martin Symonds called this is the second injury; and (3) to counteract the self-hate and the shame, the professional must adopt a much more active attitude and behavior—in contrast to the previous experience the traumatized individual has had with the world of helpers (including family and friends). Here, Symonds addresses the analysts’ vulnerability and shame and their role as active instruments against self-hate and shame.
Attraction of Rhagoletis flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to red spheres of different sizes.

When different size sticky-coated red spheres were positioned within the foliage canopy of sour cherry or apple trees, more Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) flies were always captured on 7.5-cm-diam. ones than on 3.4 or 1.5 cm ones. Early in the season, 7.5 cm spheres attracted fewer or about as many R. pomonella as 23 cm spheres, but later on, 7.5 cm spheres always attracted more. R. fausta (Osten Sacken) and R. cingulata (Loew) flies were always more attracted to 7.5 cm spheres than to any other size tested. However, both these species showed a proportionately greater attraction to smaller spheres than did R. pomonella. The phenomena of super-normal stimuli and learning are proposed as possible explanations of certain of these findings.
Contrasting energy scales of reentrant integer quantum Hall states

We report drastically different onset temperatures of the reentrant integer quantum Hall states in the second and third Landau level. This finding is in quantitative disagreement with the Hartree-Fock theory of the bubble phases which is thought to describe these reentrant states. Our results indicate that the number of electrons per bubble in either the second or the third Landau level is likely different than predicted.
Stereochemistry of Thermally-Induced Homolytic Fission of C-C Bonds in Small Rings

This is a review of the pertinent literature on the subject of the stereochemistry of homolytic nonconcerted ring opening of small carbocycles. The data suggests that cyclopropane opens either without bond rotation or with a single rotation or with disrotatory double rotation; conrotatory double rotation has not yet been observed. Cyclobutane and cyclopentane undergo conrotatory ring opening that is coupled with another rotation to cause shearing of the bond to give a gauche 1,4- or 1, 5-biradical. These biradicals apparently undergo bond formation with rearrangement via a least motion stereochemical pathway competitive with rotation around bonds to randomize the stereochemistry of the initially generated biradical.
A qualitative analysis of some life-history correlates of longevity inDrosophila melanogaster

Three likely traits were examined for their possible connection with increased life span in strains ofDrosophila melanogaster selected for longevity. First, pairing with males caused a substantial reduction in survival of females from the short-lived control strain but, long-lived females were relatively unaffected. A significant component of the improvement in selected females is, therefore, increased tolerance to the presence of mates. Females only slightly affected male survival in either long- or short-lived populations. Selected strains survive substantially better than controls independently of any effect of mate presence.
Martian planetwide crater distributions - Implications for geologic history and surface processes

Three different diameter size ranges are considered in connection with the Martian crater distribution, taking into account small craters from 0.6 to 1.2 km, intermediate-sized craters from 4 to 10 km, and large craters with diameters exceeding 20 km. One of the objectives of the investigation reported is to establish the effects of eolian processes in the modification of craters in the different size ranges. Another objective is concerned with a description of the genetic relationships among the three size ranges of craters. Observables related to the relative age of geologic provinces are to be separated from observables related to geographic variations in eolian transport and deposition. Lunar and Martian cratering histories are compared as a basis for establishing relative and absolute time scales for the geological evolution of Mars.
Review: Bacterial Translocation and Enteral Nutrition in Humans: An Outsider Looks In

Purpose: To assess the literature documenting the existence of bacterial translocation in humans, the effects of enteral nutrition on bacterial translocation in humans, and the hypothesis that enteral nutrition prevents bacterial translocation in humans. Data Identification: Sources included Medline search, references from review articides, and references from animal and human studies. Study selection: The goal was to include all animal and human studies directly addressing questions of bacterial translocation and nutritional status or nutritional support. Data Extraction: An attempt was made to briefly summarize methodology and findings of relevent studies. No general attempt was made to assess quality of individual studies. Results of Data Synthesis: Bacterialtranslocation is a well documented phenomenon in animal models. Starvation and malnutrition of themselves do not induce bacterial translocation, but may facilitate translocation in the presence of other systemic insults. Parenteral nutrition and many forms of enteral nutrition may induce and/or facilitate bacterial translocation. Chow and certain fiber sources seem protective. Moderate direct and several lines of indirect evidence support the existence of bacterial translocation in humans. There is no direct evidence and questionable indirect evidence suggesting that enteral nutrition prevents or modifies bacterial translocation in humans. Conclusions: The hypothesis relating enteral nutrition and bacterial translocation in critically ill patients remains attractive, but unproven
Knockdown of Clock in the Ventral Tegmental Area Through RNA Interference Results in a Mixed State of Mania and Depression-Like Behavior

Background Circadian rhythm abnormalities are strongly associated with bipolar disorder; however the role of circadian genes in mood regulation is unclear. Previously, we reported that mice with a mutation in the Clock gene ( Clock Δ19) display a behavioral profile that is strikingly similar to bipolar patients in the manic state. Methods Here, we used RNA interference and viral-mediated gene transfer to knock down Clock expression specifically in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of mice. We then performed a variety of behavioral, molecular, and physiological measures. Results We found that knockdown of Clock , specifically in the VTA, results in hyperactivity and a reduction in anxiety-related behavior, which is similar to the phenotype of the Clock Δ19 mice. However, VTA-specific knockdown also results in a substantial increase in depression-like behavior, creating an overall mixed manic state. Surprisingly, VTA knockdown of Clock also altered circadian period and amplitude, suggesting a role for Clock in the VTA in the regulation of circadian rhythms. Furthermore, VTA dopaminergic neurons expressing the Clock short hairpin RNA have increased activity compared with control neurons, and this knockdown alters the expression of multiple ion channels and dopamine-related genes in the VTA that could be responsible for the physiological and behavioral changes in these mice. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest an important role for Clock in the VTA in the regulation of dopaminergic activity, manic and depressive-like behavior, and circadian rhythms.
"Would I had him with me always": Affects of longing in early artificial intelligence.

ABSTRACT The science of artificial intelligence (AI) is not as unemotional as it might first appear. Not only are researchers in the field now taking an interest in how to program affective capacities into artificial agents; there is also plenty of historical evidence that concerns about affect have been present in AI from the earliest years. Examination of archival materials from the 1940s and 1950s shows that affects (particularly as they circulate between men) have been a significant part of innovation in AI from the beginning. This essay looks at one fragment of that history: the currents of affective and sexual interests in and around Walter Pitts, one of the important, eccentric, and little‐written‐about founders of AI.
Can We Find Another Half a Cheer?: A Response to James O'Toole and David Vogel's “Two and a Half Cheers for Conscious Capitalism”

Peter L. Thigpen is a Lecturer at the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley. He was formerly Senior Vice President of Operations at Levi Strauss and Company.
Stability of melatonin in aqueous solution

Melatonin solutions are frequently used in human, animal, and in vitro research. Generally, fresh solutions are prepared, for fear of instability of melatonin in solution. We tested the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) stability of melatonin in aqueous solutions stored room temperature, 4 degrees C, and -70 degrees C for up to 6 months. Solutions were prepared in a laminar flow hood using sterile technique, directly into sterile, pyrogen-free glass vacuum vials for storage. Different concentrations were tested (1.0-113.0 micrograms/ml). There was no loss of potency as assessed by HPLC, and the preparations remained sterile and pyrogen-free. We conclude that melatonin solutions may be prepared in batches maintained in sterile, pyrogen-free vials at 4 degrees C or at -70 degrees C until use within 6 months. This method will save on research time used for preparation of fresh solutions and will reduce the number of dose validation tests for each new experiment.
Psychometric and behavioral measures of central auditory function: the relationship between dichotic listening and digit span tasks.

We hypothesized that the Digit Span (DS) subtest and component tasks (Wechsler, 1991) would show strong relationships with a dichotic listening test (Musiek, 1983). In two sets of archival clinical data (N = 74 and N = 51) we demonstrated that: (a) individuals with central auditory deficits had lower DS scores, F(1, 72) = 7.34, p = .008; η2 = .09; and (b) left-ear dichotic deficits impacted forward span, F(2, 48) = 8.45, p = .001. Right-ear dichotic listening performance also accounted for significant variance in digit forward span (R 2 = 0.17, p = .003). While limited in scope, the studies conclude that forward but not reverse span performance is strongly related to dichotic listening, and can serve as a marker for possible central auditory deficits.
Government Oversight, Union Democracy, and Labor Racketeering: Lessons from the Teamsters Experience

Excerpt] In this paper we examine the federal courts' effort to clean up the Teamsters using legislation originally enacted to fight organized crime. Specifically, we look at the role of electoral democracy in this initiative and trace the experience through the 1991, 1996, and 1998 elections for Teamsters president. Once the story is told, we analyze the experience in the context of union democracy and also consider the relationship between democracy and labor movement transformation.
Cell type-specific genomics of Drosophila neurons.

Many tools are available to analyse genomes but are often challenging to use in a cell type–specific context. We have developed a method similar to the isolation of nuclei tagged in a specific cell type (INTACT) technique [Deal,R.B. and Henikoff,S. (2010) A simple method for gene expression and chromatin profiling of individual cell types within a tissue. Dev. Cell, 18, 1030–1040; Steiner,F.A., Talbert,P.B., Kasinathan,S., Deal,R.B. and Henikoff,S. (2012) Cell-type-specific nuclei purification from whole animals for genome-wide expression and chromatin profiling. Genome Res., doi:10.1101/gr.131748.111], first developed in plants, for use in Drosophila neurons. We profile gene expression and histone modifications in Kenyon cells and octopaminergic neurons in the adult brain. In addition to recovering known gene expression differences, we also observe significant cell type–specific chromatin modifications. In particular, a small subset of differentially expressed genes exhibits a striking anti-correlation between repressive and activating histone modifications. These genes are enriched for transcription factors, recovering those known to regulate mushroom body identity and predicting analogous regulators of octopaminergic neurons. Our results suggest that applying INTACT to specific neuronal populations can illuminate the transcriptional regulatory networks that underlie neuronal cell identity.
Size-assortative mating in the blister beetle Lytta magister (Coleoptera: Meloidae) is due to male and female preference for larger mates.

Abstract Although positive assortative mating has been the subject of much theoretical analysis, it causes are still poorly understood. Results of a study of the blister beetle Lytta magister suggest that assortative mating by size occurs because both males and females prefer large mates. Males were less likely to terminate courtships with larger females, resulting in a mating advantage for larger females in the field. In captivity, males provided with a size-matched and a larger female courted and mated more frequently with the larger of the two females. However, in experiments with a female and two males, small males courted and mated with relatively small females more often than did large males. Even though size-related male-male aggression was absent, large males showed a mating advantage in the field. This finding suggests that large males are preferred by females. Because large size is the universally preferred phenotype, these individuals are more able to express their preference and tend to pair off. Small beetles are then left no choice but to mate among themselves. Preference for large mates has presumably evolved because large females produce more eggs per clutch and large males are more capable of producing the large spermatophore passed during mating.
Associative and spatial learning and memory deficits in transgenic mice overexpressing the RNA-binding protein HuD.

HuD is a neuronal specific RNA-binding protein associated with the stabilization of short-lived mRNAs during brain development, nerve regeneration and synaptic plasticity. To investigate the functional significance of this protein in the mature brain, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing HuD in forebrain neurons under the control of the αCaMKinII promoter. We have previously shown that one of the targets of HuD, GAP-43 mRNA, was stabilized in neurons in the hippocampus, amygdala and cortex of transgenic mice. Animals from two independent lines expressing different levels of the transgene were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests including contextual fear conditioning and the Morris water maze. Our results show that although HuD is increased after learning and memory, constitutive HuD overexpression impaired the acquisition and retention of both cued and contextual fear and the ability to remember the position of a hidden platform in the Morris water maze. No motor-sensory abnormalities were observed in HuD transgenic mice, suggesting that the poor performance of the mice in these tests reflect a true cognitive impairment. We conclude that posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by stabilization of specific mRNAs may have to be restricted temporally and spatially for proper acquisition and storage of memories.
Management of multiple spontaneous nasal meningoencephaloceles.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Multiple spontaneous nasal meningoencephaloceles in the same patient are rare lesions. Although many skull base defects occur after prior trauma or surgery, otolaryngologists must be aware of the potential for spontaneous encephaloceles. We present our experience with this unusual condition and discuss its pathophysiology and unique management issues. Study Design: Retrospective. Methods: Review of medical records, radiographic images, and cerebrospinal fluid pressures. Results: We identified 5 patients with multiple, simultaneous, spontaneous encephaloceles: 4 patients with 2 encephaloceles and 1 patient with 3 encephaloceles (11 in all). Locations of the 11 encephaloceles were sphenoid lateral recess (6), frontal sinus with supraorbital ethmoid extension (2), ethmoid roof (1), frontal sinus (1), and central sphenoid (1). Three patients had bilateral sphenoid lateral recess encephaloceles, accounting for all six in that location. All four patients with available radiographic studies demonstrated empty sella turcica. Surgical approaches included endoscopic transpterygoid approach to the lateral sphenoid recess (3), endoscopic approach to ethmoid and central sphenoid (3), and osteoplastic flap with frontal sinus obliteration (2). We had 100% success at latest endoscopic follow-up (mean period, 17 mo). Three patients had postoperative lumbar punctures with mean cerebrospinal fluid pressure of 28.3 cm water (range, 19-34 cm; normal range, 0-15 cm). Conclusions: Multiple spontaneous encephaloceles can be managed safely and successfully using endoscopic and extracranial approaches. A high index of suspicion for this diagnosis must be maintained, especially in patients with radiographic evidence of laterally pneumatized sphenoid sinuses or empty sella. Spontaneous encephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid leaks represent a form of intracranial hypertension.
Parallel computational techniques for the analysis of sedimentation velocity experiments in UltraScan

The advent of parallel computing technology and low-cost computing hardware has facilitated the adoption of high-performance computing tools for the analysis of sedimentation data. Over the past 15 years, we have developed the UltraScan software (Demeler et al., http://ultrascan.uthscsa.edu ) to support sedimentation analysis, experimental design, and data management. We describe here recent extensions and advances in methodology that have been adapted in UltraScan. High-performance computing methods implemented on parallel supercomputers utilizing grid computing technology are used to analyze sedimentation experiments at much higher resolution than was previously possible. We discuss the implementation of parallel computing in three novel algorithms used in UltraScan for modeling of sedimentation velocity experiments and provide guidelines for effective data analysis.
Human Cripto-1 as a target for a cancer vaccine: WO2008040759

Human Cripto-1 is a cell membrane protein that has been shown to be overexpressed in different types of human tumors. Because Cripto-1 is expressed at low levels in normal tissues, it represents a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention in cancer. The present patent describes a novel approach to target Cripto-1 in cancer using a vaccine. Immunization with Cripto-1 modified by addition of a foreign peptide to overcome T-cell tolerance for self-proteins has the potential to generate an antibody-based immune response that ultimately will block Cripto-1 activity in cancer cells. Although targeting Cripto-1 with a vaccine in cancer patients is promising, several experimental and clinical studies need to be done to validate this approach.
Agriculture and Development in Prussian Upper Silesia, 1846–1913

Agrarian growth was related to overall development in Regierungsbezirk Oppeln in Germany between 1846 and 1913. Oppeln was characterized by an ethnically mixed population (Polish and German) as well as by both agricultural and industrial development. Using new estimates of agricultural output, acreage, and yields, agrarian growth and its sources are described and its linkages to the nonagrarian sector are explored. Variation among subdistricts (Kreise) is also studied. Agriculture experienced uneven growth, but it supported overall growth through rising incomes, provision of labor to the nonagricultural sector, and helping to restrain growth in food prices.
Power supplies for long duration balloon flights

Abstract Long duration balloon flights require more electrical power than can be carried in primary batteries. This paper provides design information for selecting rechargeable batteries and charging systems. Solar panels for recharging batteries are discussed, with particular emphasis on cells mounting suitable for balloon flights and panel orientation for maximum power collection. Since efficient utilization of power is so important, modern DC to DC power conversion techniques are presented. On short flights of 1 day or less, system designers have not been greatly concerned with battery weight. But, with the advent of long duration balloon flights using superpressure balloons, anchor balloon systems, and RACOON balloon techniques, power supplies and their weight become of prime importance. The criteria for evaluating power systems for long duration balloon flights is performance per unit weight. Instrumented balloon systems have flown 44 days. For these very long duration flights, batteries recharged from solar cells are the only solution. For intermediate flight duration, say less than 10 days, the system designer should seriously consider using primary cells.
OH-content dependence of fractoluminescence spectra in silica glass.

The effect of OH content on fractoluminescence spectra in silica glasses was investigated. The spectra consisted of the 1.9- and 2.7-eV bands. The intensity of the 2.7-eV band was larger in lower OH samples. This is because the oxygen-deficient center (ODC) can be more easily created on the fracture surface of silica glasses with lower OH content. Moreover, silica glasses containing little OH have preexisting ODC's, and they are excited by fracture to emit the 2.7-eV photons. The origin of the preexisting ODC's and the ODC formation mechanism at fracture of silica glasses are discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Replaceable cross-linked polyacrylamide for high performance separation of proteins.

An alternative sieving matrix, replaceable cross-linked polyacrylamide (rCPA), was developed for sodium dodecyl sulfate capillary gel electrophoresis (SDS-CGE) separation of proteins. This rCPA could be conveniently pressurized into separation capillaries under a pressure of 80 psi. SDS-CGE separations using this matrix generated high resolutions for a wide range (∼4 kD to ∼300 kD) of proteins. When compared to the most frequently used sieving matrixes, the rCPA permitted the highest resolutions with comparable or increased separation speed for protein separations. Keywords: cross-linked polyacrylamide • sieving matrix • capillary gel electrophoresis • protein
Regional intensive and temporal patterns of functional MRI activation distinguishing noxious and innocuous contact heat.

Cortical responses to painful and nonpainful heat were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) region of interest analysis (ROI) of primary somatosensory cortex (S1), secondary ...
Operational Issues and Empirical Applications

To round off the discussion in Part II, in this chapter several of the estimation methods and tests for spatial process models that were previously developed in formal terms will be illustrated empirically. Three aspects are considered in particular. In the first section, I focus on some operational issues related to the implementation of maximum likelihood estimation and the associated nonlinear optimization problem. In the second section, the analysis of cross-sectional data is considered. Using a simple model of determinants of crime for 49 contiguous neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio, several estimation methods and tests from Chapters 6, 8 and 9 are implemented empirically. In the third section, attention shifts to space-time data sets. A Phillips curve model is estimated at two points in time for 25 contiguous counties in South-Western Ohio, to illustrate the instrumental variable methods from Chapter 7 and various diagnostics for spatial effects from Chapter 10.
Formulating strategic problems: Empirical analysis and model development

SUMMARY Thirty-three case histories of the process of formulating the niature of a strategic decision are analysed to determine what patterns emerge when they aire comppared with the Lyles' model of strategic problem formulation. A descriptioni of each pattern, its causes, aind results are discussed.
A Stochastic Process to Model the Fluctuations of Asphalt Cement Price

Transportation agencies and highway contractors are facing great challenges of variations in construction costs for transportation projects. Significant volatility in costs of construction materials, such as asphalt cement, is one of the most important drivers of uncertainty about transportation project costs. This type of uncertainty leads to serious difficulties for contractors in estimating project costs accurately. However, there is little knowledge about how asphalt cement price fluctuates over time. This gap in knowledge makes it difficult for contractors and transportation agencies to estimate project costs accurately. The research objective of this paper was to model fluctuations of asphalt cement price by using an appropriate stochastic process. It is concluded that the geometric brownian motion (GBM) is a good stochastic process to model random variations of asphalt cement price over time. A probabilistic approach based on the Monte Carlo simulation is applied on the GBM model to simulate future random paths for asphalt cement price index. It is expected that this work helps contractors and transportation agencies systematically analyze variations in the price of asphalt cement and develop more accurate estimations for their transportation projects.
An optimization approach to assessing the self-sustainability potential of food demand in the Midwestern United States

Conventional agriculture faces significant challenges as world population grows, food demand increases, and mobility becomes increasingly constrained. Reducing the distance food needs to travel is an important goal of sustainability and resiliency, particularly in the context of a variety of transportation challenges. In this study, we developed a linear programming optimization method to assess the potential of regions to meet dietary requirements with more localized and diversified agricultural systems. Emphasis is on
A METHODOLOGY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DRAG COEFFICIENTS FOR ICE FLOES

Governing equations are derived for the response of partially ice-covered continental shelf waters to atmospheric and tidal forcing. The assumptions underlying these equations are discussed, with emphasis on the physical processes represented by the air-ice and ice-water drag coefficients. Combining the equations that separately govern the water and ice floe motions, a coupled ice-water equation is obtained. The coupled equation reduces, under certain simplifying assumptions, to an equation involving only the air and water velocities relative to the ice velocity. This suggests an approximate but extremely simple methodology for the determination of drag coefficients for ice floes. The methodology is applied to data obtained during BASICS and MIZEX, and shown, in the former application, to yield drag coefficients comparable to those obtained from considerably more laborious methods.
HIV-specific unsupportive social interactions, health, and ethnicity in men living with HIV

Individuals living with HIV experience higher rates of stigmatizing social interactions that may negatively impact psychological and physical health. We examined depressive symptoms as a mediator of the relationship between HIV-specific unsupportive social interactions (USIs) and health behaviors in 87 Black and White men living with HIV (MLWH). We also examined ethnicity as a moderator of this model. Depressive symptoms were an indirect mechanism through which HIV-specific USIs explained poorer health behaviors. The indirect effects between disconnecting USI, more depressive symptoms, and poorer health behaviors were significant for Black men but not for White men. Depressive symptoms may be one pathway through which USI are associated with physical health, and disconnecting USI may be particularly detrimental for Black MLWH.
Telomerase-independent proliferation is influenced by cell type in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Yeast strains harboring mutations in genes required for telomerase function ( TLC1 and the EST genes) exhibit progressive shortening of telomeric DNA and replicative senescence. A minority of cells withstands loss of telomerase through RAD52 -dependent amplification of telomeric and subtelomeric sequences; such survivors are now capable of long-term propagation with telomeres maintained by recombination rather than by telomerase. Here we report that simultaneous expression in haploid cells of both MAT a and MAT α information suppresses the senescence of telomerase-deficient mutants, with suppression occurring via the RAD52 -dependent survivor pathway(s). Such suppression can be mimicked by deletion of SIR1-SIR4 , genes that function in transcriptional silencing of several loci including the silent mating-type loci. Furthermore, telomerase-defective diploid strains that express only MAT a or MAT α information senesce at a faster rate than telomerase-defective diploids that are heterozygous at the MAT locus. This suggests that the RAD52 -dependent pathway(s) for telomere maintenance respond to changes in the levels of recombination, a process regulated in part by the hierarchy of gene control that includes MAT regulation. We propose that cell-type-specific regulation of recombination at human telomeres may similarly contribute to the tissue-specific patterns of disease found in telomerase-deficient tumors.