cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recognizing Pregnancy-Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, or pregnancy-induced hypertension identify a woman at risk for cardiovascular disease. This information should be incorporated into the routine cardiovascular risk assessment for women, as a basis for appropriate risk factor screening, counseling, and preventive interventions. There is need for development and validation of a clinometric tool to assess cardiovascular risk and guide management.
Analysis of Drosophila Species Genome Size and Satellite DNA Content Reveals Significant Differences Among Strains as Well as Between Species

The size of eukaryotic genomes can vary by several orders of magnitude, yet genome size does not correlate with the number of genes nor with the size or complexity of the organism. Although ‘‘whole’’-genome sequences, such as those now available for 12 Drosophila species, provide information about euchromatic DNA content, they cannot give an accurate estimate of genome sizes that include heterochromatin or repetitive DNA content. Moreover, genome sequences typically represent only one strain or isolate of a single species that does not reflect intraspecies variation. To more accurately estimate whole-genome DNA content and compare these estimates to newly assembled genomes, we used flow cytometry to measure the 2C genome values, relative toDrosophila melanogaster. We estimated genome sizes for the 12 sequenced Drosophila species as well as 91 different strains of 38 species of Drosophilidae. Significant differences in intra- and interspecific 2C genome values exist within the Drosophilidae. Furthermore, by measuring polyploid 16C ovarian follicle cell underreplication we estimated the amount of satellite DNA in each of these species. We found a strong correlation between genome size and amount of satellite underreplication. Addition and loss of heterochromatin satellite repeat elements appear to have made major contributions to the large differences in genome size observed in the Drosophilidae.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Coated-Platelets Improve Prediction of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in Asymptomatic Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis”

We thank Dr Sabour1 for the interest expressed in our work. Our results demonstrate the ability to stratify asymptomatic patients with ≥50% stenosis into a low-risk category if they had <45% coated platelet levels and into a high-risk category if they had coated platelet levels ≥45%, based on prospective follow-up for ≤39 months.2 The associated risk of transient ischemic attack and stroke among the high-risk stratum was 21.5% versus 1.27% in the low-risk stratum.2 This is relevant clinically in that the risk of events in this group without revascularization treatment far outweighs the traditionally cited risk of carotid intervention.3 These findings were …
Characterization of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells from the twitcher mouse model of krabbe disease

Krabbe disease, also known as globoid cell leukodystrophy, is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by the genetic deficiency of galactocerebrosidase (GALC), a lysosomal enzyme responsible for the degradation of several glycosphingolipids like psychosine and galactosylceramide. In order to investigate whether GALC deficiency in Krabbe disease affects adipose-derived stromal/stem cell (ASC) properties and if the ASCs could be used as a source of autologous stem cell therapy for patients with Krabbe disease, ASCs isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of Twitcher mice (a murine model of Krabbe disease) and their normal wild type littermates were cultured, expanded, and characterized for their cell morphology, surface antigen expression, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, colony forming units, growth kinetics, and immune regulatory capacities in vitro. ASCs from Twitcher mice (TwiASCs), when compared to ASCs from normal mice (WtASCs), have a reduced osteogenic differentiation potential, have less self-replicating and proliferative capacity, although they have the same fibroblast morphologies and cell sizes. However, surprisingly, the TwiASCs demonstrated similar immune-suppressive capacities as their counterparts WtASCs did when they were transwell co-cultured with macrophages in vitro. This study reveals that Twitcher ASCs exhibit differences in the biologic potential when compared to their counterparts from normal mice. The changes in Twitcher ASCs may be influenced by the GALC deficiency in Twitcher mice. Nevertheless, none of the changes preclude the use of the TwiASCs for autologous applications.
Experiential teaching strategies for ethical reasoning skills relevant to sustainability

Introduction of the principles of sustainable development into the canons of engineering professional societies has presented several serious challenges to science and engineering educators. There are few pedagogical guideposts for current educators teaching sustainability as an ethical concept. Moreover, traditional approaches to ethics education in science and engineering courses is unlikely to be successful for sustainability. This paper describes the challenge of sustainability ethics education and discusses a new initiative in the Rochester Institute of Technology regarding ethics education in the Sustainability Ph.D. program.
Hematologic and biochemical abnormalities indicating iron deficiency are associated with decreased reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) and reticulocyte volume (rMCV) in dogs.

Background: The ADVIA 120 automated hematology system uses low- and high-angle light scatter to determine individual RBC and reticulocyte volume and hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration. Current hematologic and biochemical markers of iron status in the dog are insensitive, and results may be highly variable, especially in the presence of concurrent disease (ie, inflammation, neoplasia). Reticulocyte Hgb content (CHr) has proven useful in detecting early iron deficiency and iron deficiency masked by concurrent disease in human patients. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the association of low CHr and reticulocyte MCV (rMCV) with hematologic and biochemical abnormalities indicative of iron deficiency in canine patients. Methods: Reference intervals for CHr and rMCV were established on a population of 362 hematologically-normal dogs using standard methods. CBC and serum biochemical results from 833 dogs at Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were retrospectively evaluated. The prevalence of decreased CHr and rMCV values was determined based on the reference intervals. Hematologic (HCT, MCV) and biochemical (serum Fe concentration, percent saturation of transferrin [% sat]) values were compared among dogs with low CHr (n=58), low rMCV (n=50), and control dogs (cohort groups from the initial population) using a Fisher exact test. Results: Reference intervals were 22.3–27.9 pg for CHr and 77.8–100.2 fL for rMCV. Seven percent (n=58) of dogs in the hospital population had low CHr and 6% (n=50) had low rMCV based on the reference values. Dogs with low CHr had significantly lower HCT, MCV, serum Fe, and % sat values than did control dogs. In addition, dogs with low CHr or low rMCV values had a higher frequency of microcytosis, anemia, low serum Fe concentration, and low % sat than did control dogs. Conclusion: Low CHr and low rMCV are associated with hematologic and serum biochemical abnormalities indicative of iron deficiency. CHr and rMCV hold promise as noninvasive, cost-effective measures of iron status in the dog.
Advance directives in the cardiac care unit.

Background Despite effective therapies, mortality for many cardiovascular diseases remains higher than for many cancers and is difficult to predict. Guidelines recommend discussing advance directives (AD), including living wills and durable powers of attorney, with heart failure patients. The Patient Self-Determination Act mandates such discussions with all hospitalized patients. Little data are available on AD prevalence in patients with serious cardiac disease. Methods Patients admitted to a cardiac care unit (CCU) were surveyed regarding demographics, medical history, prevalence of AD, and interest in obtaining more information about AD. Histories of life-threatening cardiac diagnoses were tabulated. Prevalence of AD and interest in obtaining more information about AD were obtained via chart review from patients on an oncology (ONC) floor at the same hospital. Results One hundred twelve CCU (average age 58 ± 16 years, 47 women) and 105 ONC (average age 58 ± 14 years, 32 women) patients were enrolled. Prevalence of AD was not different between CCU and ONC patients (26% vs 31%, P = .37). Among CCU patients with prior hospitalizations but no AD, 21 of 64 did not recall being asked about AD. Cardiac care unit patients with heart failure and pulmonary hypertension were more likely to report being asked about AD in the past (39 of 54, P = .03 and 7 of 9, P = .008, respectively), but only heart failure patients were more likely to want more information about AD ( P = .005). Of patients without AD, 83% from CCU and 18% from ONC wanted more information on AD ( P Conclusions Prevalence of AD in the CCU was low, and many patients did not recall prior AD discussions. The CCU patients without AD were more likely to want information about AD than the ONC patients. A renewed emphasis on AD discussions with cardiovascular patients is needed and would be welcomed. Advance directives should be emphasized in cardiovascular training programs.
Neuromonitoring of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during minimally invasive thyroid surgery under local anesthesia: A prospective study of 10 patients

Objectives/Hypothesis: Avoiding alterations of the voice is a challenge in thyroid surgery. Identification and preservation of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) is paramount for normal vocal function preservation after thyroidectomy. Conventional nerve monitoring requires a general anesthesia and placement of a special endotracheal tube equipped with electrodes to evoke the laryngeal nerves. This study aims to assess feasibility and efficacy of a novel technique of neuromonitoring of the EBSLN under local anesthesia during minimally invasive thyroidectomy. Study Design; Prospective Study: This study is a prospective trial to evaluate the efficacy of nerve monitoring of the EBSLN during minimally invasive thyroidectomy under local anesthesia. Patient self-assessment of changes in perceived voice severity prior to and 3 weeks after surgery was assessed with the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10). Results: Thyroidectomy was successfully completed under local anesthesia in all cases. The recurrent laryngeal nerve(s) was identified and preserved in each patient as demonstrated by normal perioperative transnasal flexible laryngoscopy. A total of 15 EBSLNs were at risk, but only 8 EBSLNs (53%) were definitively identified. Neuromonitoring demonstrated preservation of the EBSLN in 100% of cases. The analysis of the results of the VHI-10 questionnaire before and 3 weeks after surgery indicated no significant change in patients' perception of voice severity. Conclusion: Monitoring of the EBSLN during thyroidectomy under local anesthesia is a feasible alternative to conventional nerve monitoring under general anesthesia. This technique may be useful for the preservation of voice quality during a minimally invasive thyroidectomy under local anesthesia. Laryngoscope, 2009
Multilanguage parallel programming of heterogeneous machines

A system called Agora was designed and implemented that supports the development of multilanguage parallel applications for heterogeneous machines. Agora hinges on two ideas: the first one is that shared memory can be a suitable abstraction to program concurrent, multilanguage modules running on heterogeneous machines. The second idea is that a shared memory abstraction can be efficiently supported across different computer architectures that are not connected by a physical shared memory, e.g., local area network workstations or ensemble machines. Agora has been in use for more than a year. The authors describe the Agora shared memory and its software implementation on both tightly and loosely coupled architectures. Measurements of the current implementation are also included. >
"Seeing inside the body": MR imaging of gene expression.

The goal of this review is to describe the developments and recent advances that are enabling applications of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for non-invasive imaging of gene expression. Guiding application of this technology has been the need to test, in vivo and in real time, hypotheses developed in multiple scientific fields. Advances made in the human genome project and our increasing understanding of the molecular basis of normal and disease physiology have defined questions that will only be answered when specific molecular imaging modalities are developed. In this review we will briefly summarize the salient features of MR imaging to provide the backdrop for a more detailed discussion of specific applications of MR imaging of gene expression. We will conclude with the insights gained from genomic approaches and how they might be exploited for MR imaging of gene expression in the future.
Response: Re: Brain and Other Central Nervous System Cancers: Recent Trends in Incidence and Mortality

Background: During the 1980s, the incidence of primary malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors (hereafter called brain cancer) was reported to be increasing among all age groups in the United States, while mortality was declining for persons younger than 65 years. We analyzed these data to provide updates on incidence and mortality trends for brain cancer in the United States and to examine these patterns in search of their causes. Methods: Data on incidence, overall and according to histology and anatomic site, and on relative survival were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute for 1975 through 1995. Mortality data were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. Medicare procedure claims from the National Cancer Institute’s SEER‐Medicare database were used for imaging trends. Statistically significant changes in incidence trends were identified, and annual percent changes were computed for log linear models. Results/ Conclusions: Rates stabilized for all age groups during the most recent period for which SEER data were available, except for the group containing individuals 85 years of age or older. Mortality trends continued to decline for the younger age groups, and the steep increases in mortality seen in the past for the elderly slowed substantially. Patterns differed by age group according to the site and grade of tumors between younger and older patients. During the last decade, use of computed tomography scans was relatively stable for those 65‐74 years old but increased among those 85 years old or older. Implications: Improvements in diagnosis and changes in the diagnosis and treatment of elderly patients provide likely explanations for the observed patterns in brain cancer trends. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:1382‐90]
Social support as a buffer in the relationship between treatment for depression and T-cell production of interferon gamma in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Abstract Objective This study examined the buffering effects of social support on the relationship between depression and autoaggressive immune function in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Fourteen participants with comorbid diagnoses of MS and major depressive disorder received 16 weeks of psychotherapy or antidepressant medications. Depression and T-cell production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a lynchpin in MS pathogenesis, were assessed at baseline and posttreatment. Social support was assessed at baseline. Results Both depression and T-cell production of IFN-γ were significantly reduced over the 16 weeks of treatment. There was a significant interaction between change in depression, change in IFN-γ, and social support ( R 2 =.26, P =.03) such that social support served as a buffer. Conclusion These results support the hypothesis that social support buffers the effects of change in depression on IFN-γ production. However, these findings should be viewed as preliminary due to the small sample size and the absence of a control condition.
Community dentistry: developmental discussion approach

hi 1960, Bt.ACKtCRtiV asked lhe queslioti "Why tiot a deparltnent of social deti- lislry?", Sitice thai tittte ttiosi of lhe detital schools iti the Utiited States ha\'e tnade sotne attempt at establishing sueh a departtttent. Various natnes were given to ihese departments, but lhe one that appears to be in lhe forefrotU is the Departmetil of Cotnnuttiiiy Dentistry, Since that time each school with such a departtnent has strived lo develop various innova- tive methods of teaehing eotntnutiity dentistry lo its sludetils. When the atnount of time is taken into eonsideration, unlike lhe biologieal and elitiieal sciences, lime allotted to eontmu- nity dentistry is minimal. However, at The Utiiversity of Michigan sludetils spend 232 hours in cotttttiunity detitislry, whieh tieeessilates developtnent of ereative teaching teclitiiques to tnaintain their interest. This paper diseu,sses otie such techniqvte which has proven to be successful over the past 3 years, Etnphasis is plaeed oti utilizing a tnodified method of the developtnetital discussioti apptoach iti leaching a cotttse in cotnmittiity detitistry lo 3rd-year dental students,
Blood Pressure Associated With Sleep-Disordered Breathing in a Population Sample of Children

The current criteria for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children are not based on a clinically relevant outcome. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of blood pressure with SDB in a random sample of the local elementary school children (kindergarten through grade 5) using a 2-phased strategy. During phase 1, a brief questionnaire was completed for all of the children (N=5740) with a response rate of 78.5%. During phase 2, 700 randomly selected children from phase 1 with a response rate of 70.0% were assessed with a full polysomnograph and a history/physical, including an ECG; ear, nose, and throat; and pulmonary evaluation. We observed a significantly elevated systolic blood pressure associated with the apnea hypopnea index (AHI): AHI ≥1 (2.9 mm Hg); AHI ≥3 (7.1 mm Hg); and AHI ≥5 (12.9 mm Hg). The SDB and blood pressure association remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index percentile or waist circumference, sleep efficiency, percentage of rapid eye movement sleep, and snoring. In addition, older age, body mass index percentile, waist circumference, and snoring were significantly associated with blood pressure, independent of SDB. Based on these findings, our study suggests that SDB is significantly associated with higher levels of systolic blood pressure in children aged 5 to 12 years even after adjusting for the various confounding factors. Clinically, the data support the threshold of AHI ≥5 for the initiation of treatment for SDB. Additional research is indicated to assess the efficacy of SDB treatment on reducing blood pressure.
Generalized time sharing for multiple access channels

A new technique is described that can be used in lieu of time sharing (of codewords) to prove that certain convex combinations of points belonging to the capacity region of an asynchronous multiple-access channel are also achievable. The key aspect of this technique, called generalized time sharing, is that it does not require that transmitters be synchronized.
The Use of Censors and Reasoning by Analogy to Aid in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Diseases

A patient rarely has a single, isolated disease. The situation is usually much more complex since the different parts of the human organism and metabolism interact with each other on multiple levels and follow several feedback patterns. These interactions and feedback patterns become more important with the addition of the external environment. When several diseases are present, the first steps of a medical diagnosis should be to research and determine whether one of the diseases interacts with (“Censors”) or changes the significant symptoms, syndromes, or the results of the laboratory tests of the other disease. We will try, within this paper, to go beyond the scope of the first generation of Artificial Intelligence systems in medicine to see the effect of two diseases on each other. One important part of the effect of two diseases on each other is the entrancing effect of what we call “Censors.” In addition, causal reasoning, reasoning by analogy, and learning from precedents are important and necessary for a human-like expert in medicine. Their application to thyroid diseases, with an implemented system, are considered in this paper.
Chloride-induced corrosion mechanism and rate of enamel- and epoxy-coated deformed steel bars embedded in mortar

The chloride-induced corrosion mechanisms of uncoated, pure enamel (PE)-coated, mixed enamel (ME)-coated, double enamel (DE)-coated, and fusion bonded epoxy (FBE)-coated deformed steel bars embedded in mortar cylinders are investigated in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and compared through electrochemical tests and visual inspection. Corrosion initiated after 29 or 61 days of tests in all uncoated and enamel-coated steel bars, and after 244 days of tests in some FBE-coated steel bars. In active stage, DE- and FBE-coated steel bars are subjected to the highest and lowest corrosion rates, respectively. The uncoated and ME-coated steel bars revealed relatively uniform corrosion while the PE-, DE-, and FBE-coated steel bars experienced pitting corrosion around damaged coating areas. Due to the combined effect of ion diffusion and capillary suction, wet–dry cyclic immersion caused more severe corrosion than continuous immersion. Both exposure conditions affected the corrosion rate more significantly than the water–cement ratio in mortar design.
Bcl6 Is Required for Somatic Hypermutation and Gene Conversion in Chicken DT40 Cells

The activation induced cytosine deaminase (AID) mediates diversification of B cell immunoglobulin genes by the three distinct yet related processes of somatic hypermutation (SHM), class switch recombination (CSR), and gene conversion (GCV). SHM occurs in germinal center B cells, and the transcription factor Bcl6 is a key regulator of the germinal center B cell gene expression program, including expression of AID. To test the hypothesis that Bcl6 function is important for the process of SHM, we compared WT chicken DT40 B cells, which constitutively perform SHM/GCV, to their Bcl6-deficient counterparts. We found that Bcl6-deficient DT40 cells were unable to perform SHM and GCV despite enforced high level expression of AID and substantial levels of AID in the nucleus of the cells. To gain mechanistic insight into the GCV/SHM dependency on Bcl6, transcriptional features of a highly expressed SHM target gene were analyzed in Bcl6-sufficient and -deficient DT40 cells. No defect was observed in the accumulation of single stranded DNA in the target gene as a result of Bcl6 deficiency. In contrast, association of Spt5, an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and AID binding factor, was strongly reduced at the target gene body relative to the transcription start site in Bcl6-deficient cells as compared to WT cells. However, partial reconstitution of Bcl6 function substantially reconstituted Spt5 association with the target gene body but did not restore detectable SHM. Our observations suggest that in the absence of Bcl6, Spt5 fails to associate efficiently with Pol II at SHM targets, perhaps precluding robust AID action on the SHM target DNA. Our data also suggest, however, that Spt5 binding is not sufficient for SHM of a target gene even in DT40 cells with strong expression of AID.
Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Analysis of Terminations for Gaseous-Helium-Cooled High-Temperature Superconducting Power Cables

A three-dimensional finite-element method computational model has been developed for the terminations of a gaseous-helium-cooled superconducting power cable. The model combines turbulent flow physics coupled with heat transfer in fluids and solids and Joule heating. The model can be used to map the termination to identify the locations with the largest temperature gradients, and the design can be optimized to minimize those gradients in an iterative way through multiple simulations. The model also allows for a drastic reduction in time for new design iterations of the physical termination with optimal thermal and fluid characteristics. This paper presents the details of the modeling methodology, and the results are compared with experimental data to show how modern computing power can solve complicated and highly detailed multiphysics simulations to reduce engineering design time.
Synesius of Cyrene and the American “Synesii”

This article explores the Hellenic/Christian synthesis of bishop Synesius and its later influence, especially on nineteenth-century America. Synesius accepted a bishopric despite Neoplatonic reservations concerning Christian doctrine: the uncreated soul pre-exists; the uncreated cosmos is eternal; and the “resurrection” an ineffable mystery, beyond the vulgar. Whether or not born a Christian, his study under Hypatia brought about a conversion to “pagan” Neoplatonism. His attempted synthesis of Hellenism and Christianity was unique, unlike that of any other late antique Christian Platonist. Later, Renaissance thinkers scanned a new religious horizon reviving Hellenic Neoplatonism, Hermetic thought, Pythagoreanism, etc., included in a “primordial revelation,” contemporaneous with the Mosaic revelation and thereby in harmony with Christianity. In Romantic-era England, Thomas Taylor revived Hellenic Neoplatonism as the “true” religion, in the spirit of the anti-Christian theurgic Neoplatonist Roman emperor, Julian. Taylor had a significant influence on the American “Synesii,” Transcendentalists and Neoplatonists, e.g., on Bronson Alcott’s Platonic/Pythagorean lifestyle. Reading Taylor’s translations, Ralph Waldo Emerson spoke of the “Trismegisti” whose Neoplatonic religion predated and superseded “parvenu” Christianity. Later Transcendentalists continued the work of Taylor, sympathizing with late antique “pagan” Neoplatonism, but, in the spirit of Synesius, synthesizing it with Christianity and with other religions. They sought a non-sectarian, universal “cosmic theism,” notably through Thomas M. Johnson’s journal, The Platonist , which included translations of Synesius and other Neoplatonists. One of its contributors, Alexander Wilder, also influenced Theosophy on its Neoplatonic side. More recent Anglophone “Synesii” include Hilary Armstrong, who was a major presence in Neoplatonic scholarship, both in the UK and North America. He argued for a return to Hellenic inclusive monotheism, in which a Christian Platonist, like himself, could also venerate Hindu or Isis’ holy images as being true reflections of the divine.
The effect of sodium benzoate and taurocholic acid feeding on human bile composition.

SummaryFour patients were fed sodium benzoate after stabilization following common bile duct exploration. Bile collections revealed no change in the output of glycine conjugated bile acids. Three patients had taurocholic acid added to the regimen after 3 days and demonstrated a significant increase in total and taurine conjugated bile acid output with marked reduction of the G/T ratio. These latter changes are similar to those produced by taurocholic acid feeding alone and therefore no benefit of the combination of drugs on bile salt excretion or conjugation ratio was demonstrated.
Trending Main Engine Assembly (MEA) cover actuator performance using Cassini attitude control flight data

This paper proposes two different methods of estimating the disturbance torque imparted on the Cassini spacecraft by its MEA cover actuator, using attitude control flight data.
Nutrient analysis of Exchange Lists for Meal Planning. II. Nutrient density food profiles.

Here, the Index of Nutritional Quality has been used to analyze the nutrient composition of the individual Exchange Lists for Meal Planning and their subgroups. Twenty-six nutrient profiles are illustrated to aid in evaluating diets and in meal planning.
Socio-economic costs of osteoporosis and changing patterns.

Osteoporosis and its complications, especially hip and vertebral fractures, are a world-wide problem. Socio-economic costs and the need of hospital beds for acute and chronic care and for rehabilitation are ever-increasing. The health care system should take these demands into consideration. Language: en
Design and Development of an Instructional Interface

AbstractThis developmental research provides a visual articulation of the processes involved in implementing an Analysis, Synthesis, Evaluation, and Change (ASEC) (Reigeluth & Nelson, 1997) instructional interface design procedure. Three cycles of ASEC development were documented and illustrated over 15 months involving 2 interface developers, 26 instructional designers, and 17 learners during design of a template interface. Prompting and supporting novice designers while prototyping content for active learning environments was the purpose of the template. A description and visual depiction of the relationship between ASEC components, usability metrics, and message design principles conclude the study. The revised representation of the ASEC procedure conveys a learner-centered focus with usability and message design considerations at the center of the design process
El triunfo del experimentador dativo: Las colocaciones con “ entrar + nombre de estado” en diacronía

This study examines the historical evolution of three types of Spanish collocations formed with entrar and state nouns: with dative experiencers (e.g. le entro temor ), with subject experiencers (e.g. el caballero entro en temor ), and with locative experiencers (e.g. entro temor en el ). The locative construction, which predominated initially, was eclipsed by the subject structure in the 1600s, but datives prevail since the 1800s. This evolution follows from other, more general changes in Spanish, particularly the victory of dative experiencers in constructions indicating involuntary physical or mental processes.
The most beautiful experiment...

See "The double-slit experiment" on p15 When I asked readers earlier this year to submit candidates for the "most beautiful experiment in physics" (Physics World May p17), I was pleased to receive more than 200 replies. The responses covered a broad spectrum, ranging from actual experiments to thought experiments, and from proposed experiments to proofs, theorems and models. However, one experiment – the double-slit experiment with electrons – was cited more often than any other, receiving a total of 20 votes.
The Discovery and Development of Angiotensin II Antagonists

During the development of losartan, various issues arose that could have stopped losartan and hampered the successful development of the angiotensin II antagonists in general. Some of these issues were real problems that had to be solved if losartan was to advance, such as the need for a commercially viable synthesis. Other issues, such as whether EXP3174 would form in humans, were anticipated as potential problems that should be addressed. Because of the combined efforts of discovery and development groups at DuPont, and later at Merck and DuPont Merck, the development of losartan was rapid. While some people were working to answer questions such as the antihypertensive efficacy of losartan in humans as quickly as possible, other people were searching for potential backups to losartan. Without an efficient integration of Discovery and Development efforts, the commercially successful development of any drug would be threatened, and it helped to give losartan a critical 2-year lead on the most advanced competitive Ang II antagonists.
Clinical Approaches to Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are a subtype of conversion disorder (also called functional neurological symptom disorder in DSM-5). Patients with PNES are high utilizers of health care and can have disability levels similar to those of patients with epilepsy. PNES is a common, complex neuropsychiatric somatoform disorder at the interface of neurology and psychiatry disciplines and is largely overlooked and avoided by mental health providers. Despite advances in establishing accurate diagnosis and evidence-based treatments, recent knowledge about PNES has not been well translated into clinical practice. Long diagnostic delays have been associated with poor prognosis. Recent advances in possible neurophysiological biomarkers include functional MRI studies that show abnormalities in emotional, cognitive, executive, and sensorimotor neurocircuits. Although the gold standard for diagnosis is video electroencephalograph, this test is underused by psychiatrists. The International League Against Epilepsy proposed a staged approach to PNES diagnosis using history, semiologic features, and EEG. Thorough psychiatric assessment can identify relevant biopsychosocial and predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors, as well as assess the comorbid psychiatric disorders, which can inform a treatment plan. Clear and thoughtful delivery of diagnosis is the first step in treatment. Regular follow-up with the patient's neurologist, in addition to treatment by mental health professionals familiar with somatic symptom disorders, is recommended. Psychotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, and randomized clinical trials using cognitive-behavioral therapies reveal significant reduction in seizures and other psychiatric symptoms. After centuries, mental health providers now have access to the tools to diagnose and effectively treat PNES and other conversion disorders.
Radiation, Fear, and Common Sense Adaptations in Patient Care

Lack of understanding about the basic nature of radiation exposure and contamination may lead to unreasonable fear in nursing staff. A brief review of a well-known case shows that in general, both the public and health care providers are radiophobic. Studies have shown that the level of fear correlates inversely with an understanding of radiation. This article explores underlying principles of ionizing radiation and their application in patient management. Reality based, scientifically accurate information along with practical suggestions can free health care providers from unreasonable fear of victims of a radiation accident.
Reduction of air pollution levels downwind of a road with an upwind noise barrier

We propose a dispersion model to estimate the impact of a solid noise barrier upwind of a highway on air pollution concentrations downwind of the road. The model, based on data from wind tunnel experiments conducted by Heist et al. (2009), assumes that the upwind barrier has two main effects: 1) it creates a recirculation zone behind the barrier that sweeps the emissions from the highway back towards the wall, and 2) it enhances vertical dispersion and initial mixing. By combining the upwind barrier model with the mixed wake model for a downwind barrier described in Schulte et al. (2014), we are able to model dispersion of emissions from a highway with noise barriers on both sides. The model provides a good description of measurements made in the wind tunnel. The presence of an upwind barrier causes reductions in concentrations relative to those measured downwind of a road with no barriers. The reduction can be as large as that caused by a downwind barrier if the recirculation zone covers the width of the highway. Barriers on both sides of the highway result in larger reductions downwind of the barriers than those caused by a single barrier either upwind or downwind. As expected, barrier effects are small beyond 10 barrier heights downwind of the highway. We also propose a tentative model to estimate on-road concentrations within the recirculation zone induced by the upwind barrier.
Computer Science Curricular Guidelines for Associate-Degree Transfer Programs (Abstract Only)

The ACM Committee for Computing Education in Community Colleges (CCECC) is updating the ACM curricular guidance for two-year transfer programs in computer science based on CS2013 with cybersecurity learning outcomes infused throughout. This BOF will provide a platform for two-year and four-year computer science faculty and academic administrators to discuss the newly revised associate-degree transfer guidance. The core task group writing the guidance consists of twelve community college faculty across the United States, led by the ACM CCECC and three task group leaders. The guidance has been informed by input from both two- and four-year educators in two rounds of public review and comment; a BOF, special session, and affiliated workshop at the prior two SIGCSE conferences; and international input at ITiCSE 2016. By SIGCSE 2017 the guidance will be in near-final form. The session will include an overview of the guidance, its relationship to CS2013, and infused cybersecurity. Discussion will center on implementing the guidance in two-year programs, gathering program exemplars, and facilitating transfer with four-year university partners.
Post-Parmenidean Philosophers

Empedocles, Anaxagoras and other Presocratics subsequent to Parmenides are important in the history of thought. The first has been described as “one of the most complex and colourful figures of antiquity” (G, vol. II, 123). Although not an original thinker, still he enchanted “his readers with his presentation of philosophical doctrine, and so he has drawn abundantly the attention of historians of philosophy both ancient and modern” (J. Owens, Hist., p. 110). Anaxagoras’ intuitions “were exceptionally profound and fecund. They attained high significance in the subsequent development of Greek philosophy. His insights and his brilliant power of synthesizing them in the explanation of the cosmos rightly entitled him to be called the greatest of the Greek physicists” (ibid., p. 126). Democritus, who developed Leucippus’ atomism, had “truly remarkable gifts… [of] assimilating current knowledge and organizing it into a consistent whole… [and presenting] it in a way that had a lasting appeal …. His was an encyclopedic type of mind, and his pioneer accomplishment of bringing together into a single corpus all the knowledge of general interest to his times was in itself an original achievement of high importance in the history of scientific undertakings” (ibid., p. 150).199
University Worksite Health-promotion Programs: An Opportunity for Experiential Learning

Worksite health-promotion programs (WHPPs) are prevalent in a variety of worksite settings, including universities, due to their numerous individual health and organizational benefits. Simultaneously, WHPPs provide many employment opportunities for kinesiology graduates. However, few students graduate with applied experience in worksite health promotion. The purpose of this article is to provide details on an innovative WHPP called the “Workplace Walk-off Challenge” (WWC), in which undergraduate kinesiology students are involved at all stages of the program in order to provide a valuable experiential education opportunity. The WWC is an annual, six-week walking competition open to all employees at a small California university. Employees assemble into teams of five and track steps with the use of pedometers. The WWC also includes several events, lunch-and-learns, and awards and prizes. Kinesiology students assist in designing, implementing and assessing the WWC as part of their learning experience in the ...
In toto imaging of embryogenesis with confocal time-lapse microscopy

Microscopy has been one of the most direct and powerful tools since the beginning of biological research. Continued advances such as confocal and two-photon fluorescence microscopy and fluorescent proteins now make imaging useful at a variety of spatial scales (molecules, circuits, cells, tissues, and even whole embryos) and temporal scales (<seconds to days). Zebrafish is uniquely poised to benefit from these continued technological improvements because of its inherent suitability for both imaging and genetics. This chapter presents an approach called "in toto imaging". The goal of in toto imaging is to image and track every single cell movement and division that forms a tissue or organ. This approach is powerful for understanding how cell lineage, shape changes, and movements control the morphogenesis of a tissue. When used with transgenic lines, in toto imaging can be used to "digitize" data at single cell level over time from a living organism. This quantitative, digitized data can then serve as the basis for forming models of how biological circuits orchestrate developmental processes.
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.

Abstract Introduction Hormone replacement therapy has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer incidence, but its effect on colorectal cancer mortality is controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hormone replacement therapy on survival from colorectal cancer. Patients and Methods We performed a secondary analysis of data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, a large multicenter randomized trial run from 1993 to 2001, with follow-up data recently becoming mature. Participants were women aged 55 to 74 years, without recent colonoscopy. Data from the trial were analyzed to evaluate colorectal cancer incidence, disease-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality based on subjects’ use of hormone replacement therapy at the time of randomization: never, current, or former users. Results A total of 75,587 women with 912 (1.21%) incident colorectal cancers and 239 associated deaths were analyzed, with median follow-up of 11.9 years. Overall, 88.6% were non-Hispanic white, and P P P = .005), as was death from colorectal cancer (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47-0.85; P = .002) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.72-0.80; P Conclusions Hormone replacement therapy is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer incidence and improved colorectal cancer-specific survival, as well as all-cause mortality.
Intersectionality and New Challenges to Feminist Theories of Development: A Case Study of Hausa Women's NGOs in Kano, Nigeria

During the past decade international development agencies have emphasized the role of gender equality in the success of development programs. This shift has also coincided with increased application of neoliberal policies and logic to both economic and political prescriptions given to countries in the global south. While the cooptation of feminist theory by neoliberal rhetoric has been explored by many scholars, the ways in which these contentions mask deeper tensions in feminist theory among women of color from 'developing countries' and mainstream liberal feminism in the US need to be analyzed. This paper will argue that Intersectionality theory, particularly the centering of women’s experiences, coupled with Hausa feminisms can create theoretical frames capable of capturing the ways women of African descent in Africa employ strategies to address their own inequality within the state and the position of their country in the global economy. I utilize the development approaches of Hausa women’s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Kano, Nigeria to contextualize how African Muslim women are using their agency to both challenge western feminist approaches and narrow interpretations of Islam in domestic settings. This work puts African American feminist theories in direct conversation with the feminist approaches utilized by African women on the ground thereby illustrating points of congruence and divergence. The Hausa are one of the largest predominately Muslim ethno-linguistic group in West Africa.
Ghrelin and Sleep Regulation

Classic models of sleep regulation posit that the timing and amount of sleep are determined by the duration of prior wakefulness and whether or not the circadian phase is favorable for sleep. Growing body of evidence indicates, however, that in addition to these factors, other signals from the external and internal environment also play a key role in sleep regulation. Changes in metabolic environment, such as positive and negative energy balance, adiposity, postprandial state, and shifts in lipolytic activity all have fundamental effects on sleep. The signaling mechanisms that connect metabolism to sleep regulation include hormones of the gastrointestinal tract and the adipose tissue. Ghrelin signaling in the brain has emerged as one of the key components of the arousal system that is activated in negative energy states and possibly under other physiological conditions. We review recent human and animals studies on the role of ghrelin in sleep regulation and in the function of biological clocks.
Laboratory Support for Diagnosis of Amyloidosis

The definitive diagnosis of amyloidosis requires identification and characterization of amyloid deposits. Serum- and urine-based laboratory testing are important initial observations in guiding both the differential diagnosis of primary amyloidosis (AL) and the testing for identifying and characterizing tissue amyloid. Since the fibrils in AL are derived from intact or fragmented monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains, patients with AL typically have intact monoclonal immunoglobulin and/or free immunoglobulin light chains in their serum and/or urine. Protein electrophoresis (PEL) is the most utilized laboratory method to detect these monoclonal proteins. The fundamental principle of the test is the detection of monoclonal immunoglobulins from the polyclonal immunoglobulin background by their relatively restricted mobility. Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) can be used to type the monoclonal immunoglobulin. Unlike patients with multiple myeloma, AL patients may have a very small population of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow which can elude detection by PEL and IFE. A newer, more sensitive, immunonephelometric assay is available to quantify the serum immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs). The FLC assays have increased the diagnostic sensitivity for identification of light chain diseases such as AL, and in addition they have improved disease monitoring and prognosis. The FLC κ/λ ratio in conjunction with serum IFE defines a sensitive diagnostic screen for AL and reduces the need for urine PEL in the screening algorithm
The Effects of Alcohol and Substance Use on a Couple System: A Clinical Case Study

This case study aims to analyze the effects of alcohol and substance use on a couple system. An African American, heterosexual couple was selected for analysis due to dual alcohol and substance use...