cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Graphical measurement of Saturn's oblateness and the radius of the Encke Gap

The geometric distortions attendant to spin-scan imaging were extraordinarily manifest in the Pioneer encounter with Saturn. By overlapping graphical predictions of these distortions with raster scans of the raw intensity data, both displayed to the same scale on a Versatec printer-plotter, it is possible to determine the precise geometry of a data-taking sequence. The predictions are quite sensitive to the assumed dimensions of Saturn and its rings. It is accordingly concluded that the ratio of polar to equatorial radius is 0.91 and that the Encke gap is 133,500 km from Saturn's center.
An n-γ pulse discrimination system for wide energy ranges

Abstract A computer-based electronic system has been constructed for unfolding energy spectra of neutrons and gammas for energies from
Auger lifetimes in ideal InGaSb/InAs superlattices

Quantitative calculations are reported of both band-to band Auger and radiative recombination lifetimes in thin-layered type II InxGa1−x Sb/InAs superlattices with energy gaps in the 5–17 μm range, using accurate band structure and numerical techniques. Results for an 11 μm superlattice are compared with similar calculations for bulk HgCdTe and a HgTe/CdTe superlattice having the same energy gap. The results show the n-type Auger rates to be comparable and the p-type rates to be suppressed by three orders of magnitude in some experimentally realizable structures. Thus, well fabricated III–V superlattices appear to be excellent candidates as a new class of infrarer detectors.
Retrieving sounds by vocal imitation recognition

Vocal imitation is widely used in human communication. In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically recognize the concept of a vocal imitation, and then retrieve sounds of this concept. Because different acoustic aspects (e.g., pitch, loudness, timbre) are emphasized in imitating different sounds, a key challenge in vocal imitation recognition is to extract appropriate features. Hand-crafted features may not work well for a large variety of imitations. Instead, we use a stacked auto-encoder to automatically learn features from a set of vocal imitations in an unsupervised way. Then, a multi-class SVM is trained for sound concepts of interest using their training imitations. Given a new vocal imitation of a sound concept of interest, our system can recognize its underlying concept and return it with a high rank among all concepts. Experiments show that our system significantly outperforms an MFCC-based comparison system in both classification and retrieval.
Light scattering of colloidal silica

Abstract The absence of absorption in colloidal silica was demonstrated by varying the solvent refractive index of a set of solutions of the same silica concentration and by showing that the excess turbidity and scattering go to zero concomitantly. A spectrophotometer with a 50-cm. cell was used.
Microcomputer-Controlled Single-Phase Cycloconverter

A microcomputer, the Altair 8800, was used to generate the gating signals for a single-phase-to-single-phase cycloconverter, keeping the same firing angle on all thyristors for a particular output voltage and frequency. The power circuit and the required interface circuits were built. Output waveforms for different firing angles and output frequencies were obtained.
Safety Verification of Iterative Algorithms over Polynomial Vector Fields

Iterative algorithms such as the Newton method or the steepest gradient method appear in real-time software to solve online optimization problems as part of autonomous decision making algorithms. Proving safety and in particular convergence properties of such methods in their generic form is hopeless. However, for a special class of problems over a limited range of inputs and uncertain parameters, such task may become possible. In this paper, we consider applications of the Newton method to polynomial root finding and suggest new methods, based on Lyapunov invariance analysis and sum of squares programming to prove convergence and other performance properties of such algorithms. Generic forms for such Lyapunov invariants are presented and it is shown how the search for the certificates of performance can be formulated as a sum of squares program. The proof methods can be automated and thus integrated within a verification and validation workspace for software verification.
Is renal cell (Grawitz) tumor a carcinosarcoma? Evidence from analysis of intermediate filament types

The expression of intermediate filament type was determined in 13 renal cell (Grawitz) tumors (10 primary renal tumors and 3 lymph node metastases). All of the tumors except one lymph node metastasis contained cells expressing vimentin intermediate filaments, generally a marker of mesodermally-derived tissues and their tumors, the sarcomas. In addition, the 10 primary renal tumors and two lymph node metastases contained cells expressing keratin proteins. Using a monoclonal antibody to keratins, specific for glandular epithelial cells, it has been shown that some of the tumor cells resemble adenocarcinomas, at least in this respect. Double immunofluorescence labeling demonstrated that some of the vimentin-containing cells contained keratin while others did not. Only occasional cells were found to contain keratin but not vimentin. However, one of the lymph node metastases was positive only for vimentin. Thus Grawitz tumor cells express intermediate filament types which are generally biological markers of both sarcomatous and carcinomatous tumors.
Theoretical analysis of tree trunk rough surface interaction using reaction theorem

In this paper, a theoretical platform for analysis of radar cross section of a finite stratified dielectric cylinder, representing a tree trunk, above a smooth distributed rough surface, representing the terrain, using reaction theorem is demonstrated. In this analysis, the second order interaction between tree and terrain (multiple scattering term) is included in the modeling platform to enhance the accuracy of the forward analytical model. An extensive set of Monte Carlo simulations have been utilized to calculate and validate the average scattered power (coherent and incoherent terms) against analytical model.
The effects of calcium channel blocking agents on cardiovascular function

The hemodynamic effects of calcium blocking agents are a composite of the various direct and indirect cardiac and peripheral vascular actions of these drugs on the individual determinants of left ventricular pump function. Calcium antagonists have been shown to have a direct negative inotropic effect, a direct negative chronotropic effect and a direct effect to produce relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and vasodilation. These agents may also elicit important indirect effects by an anti-ischemic action referable to both coronary arterial dilation and reduction in myocardial oxygen demand, as well as a baroreceptor-mediated reflex increase in beta adrenergic tone in response to vasodilation. The net result of these direct and indirect actions on cardiocirculatory dynamics is also dependent upon the individual calcium blocking agent administered, the dose and route of administration, and the underlying status of left ventricular function. Available data do not lead to a clear definition of the hemodynamic effects referable to calcium blocking agents that may be produced by the interaction of all variable factors. At present, however, it would appear that the direct negative inotropic and chronotropic actions of the calcium antagonists are offset by the reflex increase in beta adrenergic tone, in combination with the reduction in afterload produced by the peripheral vascular effects of these agents. Preliminary data suggest that certain calcium inhibiting agents may be useful in the vasodilator therapy of congestive heart failure. Nevertheless, the direct negative inotropic effects of these agents have resulted in clinically evident decompensation in cardiac performance in patients with advanced left ventricular dysfunction, and caution is warranted in the application of calcium blocking agents in this setting.
Using the case method in teacher education: The role of discussion and experience in teachers' thinking about cases

The question of whether discussion is a crucial variable in teachers' learning from cases has not been tested empirically. This study investigated what teachers understood from just reading and writing about a case, compared to what they thought when also discussing it. The quality, form, and content of the thinking of 8 student teachers, 8 beginning teachers, and 8 experienced teachers was examined. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of participants' writing and oral discourse from the case discussions were undertaken. The work of Piaget and Vygotsky provide the theoretical basis for interpreting how discussion affected teachers' thinking about cases.
GPAC: generic and progressive processing of mobile queries over mobile data

This paper introduces a new family of Generic and Progressive algorithms (GPAC, for short) for continuous mobile queries over mobile objects. GPAC provides a general skeleton that can be tuned through a set of methods to behave as various continuous queries (e.g., continuous range queries and continuous k-nearest-neighbor queries). GPAC algorithms aim to provide three goals: (1) Online evaluation through an in-memory processing of the incoming mobile data. (2) Progressive evaluation through employing an incremental evaluation paradigm. (3) Fast query response through employing an anticipation paradigm. Query answer is anticipated and is cached in memory to allow for fast evaluation. GPAC algorithms are encapsulated in physical pipelined query operators. GPAC pipelined operators can be combined with traditional query operators in a query execution plan to support a wide variety of continuous queries. Experimental results based on a real implementation inside a prototype streaming database engine show the efficiency of GPAC operators in providing incremental and fast response for continuous queries.
Test synthesis for mixed-signal SOC paths

Higher levels of integration, the need for test re-use, and the mixed-signal nature of today's SOC's necessitate hierarchical test generation and system level test composition to meet stringent market requirements. In this paper a novel methodology for testing analog and digital components in a signal path is discussed. Consequent testability analysis can be utilized to reduce DFT requirements, while test translation provides highly effective low cost test. The proposed approach seamlessly propagates test information across the analog/digital divide. Experimental results substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed mixed-signal test synthesis methodology.
Cervical cancer prevention and the Millennium Development Goals.

The advent of new technologies such as the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and HPV DNA tests - along with new insights into the appropriate use of low-resource technologies such as visual inspection of the cervix and treatment of cervical lesions with cryotherapy - have increased optimism about the potential for effective disease control in low-resource settings. Nevertheless, it is also important to ask ourselves how new health initiatives contribute, or fail to contribute, to major global undertakings such as achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). While reproductive health in general, and cervical cancer prevention in particular, are not explicitly mentioned among the MDGs, they are implied; and it is certain that women cannot contribute to sustainable development without good health. The question is, in what ways do scaled-up cervical cancer prevention activities, including introduction of the new HPV vaccines and increased access to precancer screening and treatment, contribute to attainment of the MDGs?
Emergent equivalence relations between interoceptive (drug) and exteroceptive (visual) stimuli.

Conditional "if-then" relations between drug (interoceptive) stimuli and visual (exteroceptive) stimuli were taught to 4 normal humans. Interoceptive stimuli were the effects produced by 0.32 mg/70 kg triazolam (a prototypical benzodiazepine) and placebo (lactose-filled capsules); exteroceptive stimuli were black symbols on white flash cards. Following the training of the prerequisite conditional relations, tests of emergent relations were conducted between exteroceptive stimuli and between interoceptive and exteroceptive stimuli. Equivalence relations emerged immediately without explicit training for all 4 subjects. Accuracy of responding during the interoceptive-exteroceptive equivalence tests and subjects' self-reports showed consistent discrimination between the drug effects of triazolam and placebo. Finally, a generalization test assessed whether a novel visual stimulus presented in the context of the placebo (i.e., no drug) would generalize to visual stimuli belonging to the placebo stimulus class. All 3 subjects who completed this test reliably chose the visual stimuli belonging to the placebo class and not the visual stimuli belonging to the triazolam stimulus class. The development of equivalence relations between interoceptive and exteroceptive stimuli demonstrates that private and public stimulus events can emerge as members of the same equivalence class. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Presence of concomitant inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of postcholecystectomy complications

Background: Surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often associated with complications. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether concomitant IBD was associated with an increased risk of postcholecystectomy complications. Methods: The study group consisted of 82 consecutive IBD patients who underwent cholecystectomy from January 2001 to October 2010. The control group included 296 cholecystectomy patients without IBD who were randomly selected from the cholecystectomy database. Variables were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: There were no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, presence of gallstones/common bile duct stones, indication for cholecystectomy, and postoperative mortality between the study and control groups. More patients in the study group had postoperative complications than in the control group (17.1% vs. 6.8%, P = 0.005). On multivariate analysis, the presence of concomitant IBD was independently associated with an increased risk for postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR] = 4.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–13.20, P = 0.004) after adjusting for age, the presence of cirrhosis, diabetes, body mass index, the use of corticosteroids, immunomodulators, total parental nutrition, or biologics, the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), acute or chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, or prior abdominal surgeries, and indication for surgery (elective vs. emergent). Conclusions: IBD patients undergoing cholecystectomy have a significantly increased risk of postoperative complications. Although further studies are warranted to clarify the reason for these differences, caution should be taken to determine the need and timing of cholecystectomy in IBD patients. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;)
Distribution of thermal areas on an active lava flow field: Landsat observations of Kilauea, Hawaii, July 1991

A Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image acquired on 23 July 1991 recorded widespread activity associated with the Episode 48 of the Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. The scene contains a very large number (>3500) of thermally elevated near infrared (0.8–2.35 μm) pixels (each ∼900 m2), which enable the spatial distribution of volcanic activity to be identified. This activity includes a lava lake within Pu'u 'O'o cone, an active lava tube system (∼7.9 km in length) with skylights between the Kupaianaha lava shield and several ocean entry points, and extensive active surface flows (total area of ∼1.3 km2) within a much larger area of cooling flows (total∼16 km2). The production of an ‘average flux density map’ from the TM data of the flow field, wherein the average flux density is defined in units of Wm-2, allows for the chronology of emplacement of active and cooling flows to be determined. The flux density map reveals that there were at least three breakouts (>5000 Wm-2) feeding active flows, but on the day that the data were collected the TM recorded a waning phase of surface activity in this area, based on the relatively large amount of intermediate power-emitting (cooling) flows compared to high power-emitting (active) flows. The production of a comparable flux density map for future eruptions would aid in the assessment of volcanic hazards if the data were available in near-real time.
Dissecting the role of conserved box C/D sRNA sequences in di-sRNP assembly and function

In all three kingdoms of life, nucleotides in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) are post-transcriptionally modified. One type of chemical modification is 2′-O-ribose methylation, which is, in eukaryotes and archaea, performed by box C/D small ribonucleoproteins (box C/D sRNPs in archaea) and box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (box C/D snoRNPs in eukaryotes), respectively. Recently, the first structure of any catalytically active box C/D s(no)RNP determined by electron microscopy and single particle analysis surprisingly demonstrated that they are dimeric RNPs. Mutational analyses of the Nop5 protein interface suggested that di-sRNP formation is also required for the in vitro catalytic activity. We have now analyzed the functional relevance of the second interface, the sRNA interface, within the box C/D di-sRNP. Mutations in conserved sequence elements of the sRNA, which allow sRNP assembly but which severely interfere with the catalytic activity of box C/D sRNPs, prevent formation of the di-sRNP. In addition, we can observe the dimeric box C/D sRNP architecture with a different box C/D sRNP, suggesting that this architecture is conserved. Together, these results provide further support for the functional relevance of the di-sRNP architecture and also provide a structural explanation for the observed defects in catalysis of 2′-O-ribose methylation.
Myocardial Na + /H + exchanger-1 (NHE1) content is decreased by exercise training

The effect of exercise training on myocardial Na(+)/H(+) exchanger-1 (NHE1) protein expression was examined. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sedentary (S; n = 8) and exercised (E; n = 9) groups. Twenty-four hours after the last exercise bout, hearts were weighed and connected to an isolated perfused working heart apparatus for evaluation of cardiac functional performance. Heart weight and heart weight/body weight from E rats was significantly increased by 7.1 and 7.2 % (P < 0.05), respectively, compared with S hearts. The E hearts displayed 15 % greater cardiac output and 35 % external cardiac work compared with the S group at both low and high workloads (P < 0.05 for both parameters). Left ventricular tissue from the same hearts was homogenized and NHE1 and Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) content determined by Western blotting. E hearts had a 38 % (P < 0.001) reduction in NHE1 content related to S hearts, and there was no difference in NCX content between groups. Cytochrome c oxidase activity in plantaris increased by 100 % (P < 0.05) and was assessed as a marker of mitochondria content and to verify training status. Our data indicate that exercise training at an intensity that results in cardiac hypertrophy and improved performance is accompanied by decreased NHE1 content in heart.
A simple Regge-pole model for pp → ppω

Abstract The process pp → ppω is analyzed in terms of the Reggeized Deck model. Diagrams with π-ϱ, π-B, ω-pom, and p-pom exchange are found to be the important contributors. Extensive use is made of experimental data on the two-body processes πN → ωN, pp → pp, and γp → ωp. Vector dominance is used to obtain ωp → ωp from γp → ωp. The large amount of experimental data, including the prominent peak in the total cross section, is well accounted for. It is pointed out that interference effects cannot be neglected on phase-space arguments alone, and may be important in this process.
On the applicability of OSRC method to homogeneous scatterers

The author investigates the application of radiation boundary conditions to two-dimensional scattering by a homogeneous penetrable cylinder. The second-order radiation boundary operator proposed by G.A. Kriegsmann et al. (1987) is applied on a conformal outer boundary enclosing the object. By taking the specific case of a lossless circular cylinder for which the exact solution exists it is shown that the on-surface radiation condition (OSRC) method does not necessarily yield accurate results for all values of material constants. Highly erroneous results are produced for certain values of permittivity and permeability, while acceptable results can be obtained for others. The author suggests that the cause of these erroneous results is related directly to the error in the reactive portion of the complex scattered power. However, as the outer boundary of the radiation condition recedes away from the object contour, the error is shown to diminish. Numerical results are presented for the bistatic echo width for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. >
Intimate Partner Violence Control Scale: Development and Initial Testing

Although control has long been considered central to understanding intimate partner violence (IPV), there continues to be a notable lack of validated scales measuring control (e.g., Strauchler et al. Journal of Family Violence, 19(6), 339–354, 2004). The purpose of this study was to develop and empirically validate a brief assessment tool, the Intimate Partner Violence Control Scale (IPVCS), designed to measure control in the context of IPV. Data from a sample of male undergraduate and graduate students (n = 436) were used to examine the scale’s properties. After reviewing theoretical conceptualizations and measurement issues of control, psychometric properties of the IPVCS and results of exploratory hypotheses tests are presented. The availability of a brief and reliable measure of control offers a tool for professionals in the judicial system, for IPV victims’ advocates, and for human services workers in practice settings to adequately assess for control and fills a gap in this area of research and practice.
Detection of halofuginone residues in chicken liver tissue by HPLC and a monoclonal-based immunoassay

The quinazolinone halofuginone (Hal) is a feed additive used worldwide to prevent coccidiosis in commercial poultry production. The current regulatory method for determining the action level of Hal residues in poultry involves measuring parent Hal in liver tissue by HPLC. That procedure is not amenable to high sample throughput due to a complex and tedious sample preparation scheme. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) that can be used as a screening tool for determining Hal in chicken liver tissue is described. The cELISA method was evaluated using standard curves made in both assay buffer and chicken liver extract. The results demonstrated that standard curves made in assay buffer could be used for the cELISA. HPLC vs cELISA results were obtained during two studies; the first study used spiked chicken liver tissue, and the second study used both spiked chicken liver tissue and incurred levels of Hal in chicken liver tissue. There was good agreement in the results obtained by HPLC and...
s-wave threshold in electron attachment - Observations and cross sections in CCl4 and SF6 at ultralow electron energies

The threshold photoionization method was used to study low-energy electron attachment phenomena in and cross sections of CCl4 and SF6 compounds, which have applications in the design of gaseous dielectrics and diffuse discharge opening switches. Measurements were made at electron energies from below threshold to 140 meV at resolutions of 6 and 8 meV. A narrow resolution-limited structure was observed in electron attachment to CCl4 and SF6 at electron energies below 10 meV, which is attributed to the divergence of the attachment cross section in the limit epsilon, l approaches zero. The results are compared with experimental collisional-ionization results, electron-swarm unfolded cross sections, and earlier threshold photoionization data.
Models and Images of Man and Society in Leadership Theory

LEADERSHIP THEORY construction has been confounded by two often dogmatic controversies. One is the great man-social forces dispute in individual leadership studies. The other is the pluralist-stratification debate in elite research.1 The controversy has to some extent followed disciplinary lines, though it would be incorrect to characterize the disputants as neatly divided as all that, since disagreements continue within disciplines as well as among them.2 This paper attempts to clarify discussion by explicating the following points. First, both controversies involve the same two alternative images of man and society, mechanistic and organismic. Secondly, current empirical research has frequently gone beyond
Photoluminescence and excitation-photoluminescence study of spontaneous ordering in GaInP2.

Low-temperature polarized photoluminescence and polarized photoluminescence-excitation spectroscopies are used to probe the electronic structure of ${\mathrm{GaInP}}_{2}$ epilayers grown by organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy. The epilayers were grown at various sample temperatures and exhibit different degrees of ordering. A systematic study of the absorption edge and luminescence line shapes provides evidence for a distribution of order parameters, \ensuremath{\eta}, within the more ordered samples of this study.
Ly(α) absorption cross-section of H2O and O2

The absorption cross-sections of water vapor and oxygen were measured, using a low-pressure radio frequency discharge through traces of hydrogen in argon as a light source for Ly(α) radiation. The cross-sections are σH2O = 1.59 × 10−17 cm2 and σO2 = 1.13 × 10−20 + 1.72 × 10−23 for water and oxygen, respectively, where P is the oxygen pressure in units of Torr. Ly(α) lamps, such as used for this work, are important light sources for photochemical laboratory work and find applications for trace-gas detection in the atmosphere. For the latter application, accurate cross-sections of water vapor and oxygen are needed.
901-100 Prognostic Value of Technetium-99m Sestamibi Myocardial Tomography One Month After Successful Angioplasty: Comparison to Peri-procedural Angiographic and Intracoronary Doppler Flow Velocity Parameters

The prognostic value of post-PTCA stress technetium-99m sestamibi (MIBI) scintigraphy relative to peri-procedural coronary angiographic and flow parameters has not been established following successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). To this end, 34 consecutive pts aged 57 ± 14 yrs were followed for 13 ± 10 months after successful single-vessel PTCA (mean % diameter stenosis [OS] from 78 ± 15% to 24 ± 11%; P l 0.001) for cardiac events (death = 1, Ml = 1, CABG = 2, repeat PTCA = 6). Basal intracoronary 0.018”Doppler flow wire distal/proximal average peak velocity ratio (mean dip APV ratio = 1.0 ± 0.7) and hyperemic distal coronary flow velocity reserve (mean CFR = 1.7 ± 0.6) were obtained immediately after PTCA. Same-day rest-stress MIBI tomograms performed 4.7 ± 3.7 weeks after PTCA were blindly interpreted to quantify total (1.6 ± 2.5). fixed (0.9 ± 1.7) and reversible (0.8 ± 1.5) defects per PTCA vessel perfusion bed. Multivariate Cox regression modeling determined the relative risk (RR) of cardiac events: Event Rate RR (95% CI) Chi Square p value Post-PTCA %DS g 30% 15% 03 (0.l–17) 1.94 0.16 PTCA zone rev. MIBI 50% 5.5 (1.0–10) 2.93 0.08 Distal CFR l 2.0 60% 8.3 (2.5–171) 2.56 0.07 d/p APV ratio l 1 53% 6.2 (1.2–104) 394 0.04 Rev. MISI defect + ratio l 1 60% 2.3 (1.5–36) 422 0.03 We conclude that post-PTCA cardiac events are predicted by residual abnormalities of coronary flow and stress MIBI myocardial perfusion. Combining these variables can enhance their predictive value for adverse post-PTCA outcomes. which frequently occur despite initial angiographic “success”.
Molecular determinants of glucocorticoid sensitivity and resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Glucocorticoids (GC) are probably the most important drugs in the treatment of ALL. Despite the extensive use of GC for many years, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance. This review summarizes the knowledge on GC cytotoxicity in leukemia. The relevance of polymorphisms, splice variants and the number and regulation of the GC receptor are discussed. The role of multidrug resistance proteins, glutathione and glutathione S-transferase is evaluated, as well as the influence of the different heat-shock chaperone (hsp 90 and 70) and co-chaperone proteins (BAG-1 and others) which form a complex together with the GC receptor. Finally, the transactivation and transrepression (via NF-κB and AP-1 binding) of a wide range of genes (like c-myc) which initiates the final apoptosis pathway are discussed and suggestions for future directions of research in ALL patients are given.
Analysis of the solvation structure of rubidium bromide under nanoconfinement

We report results from a molecular simulation study of aqueous rubidium bromide solutions confined in slit-shaped carbon pores 6.5–16 A in width, which encompasses the range typically found in nano...
Electronic structure of single crystal C60

Abstract We report angle-resolved photoemission data from single crystals of C60 cleaved in UHV. Unlike the other forms of pure carbon, the valence band spectrum of C60 consists of many sharp features that can be essentially accounted for by the quantum chemical calculations describing individual molecules. This suggests that the electronic structure of solid C60 is mainly determined by the bonding interactions within the individual molecules. We also observe remarkable intensity modulations of the photoemission features as a function of photon energy, suggesting strong final state effects. Finally, we address the issue of the band width of the HOMO state of C60. We assert that the width of the photoemission peak of C60 does not reflect the intrinsic band width because it is broadened by the non 0-0 transitions via the Franck-Condon principle. Our view point provides a possible reconciliation between these photoemission data and those measured by other techniques.
Plastic glazings for solar energy absorption collectors

Abstract This paper presents information comparing three transparent plastic films with glass as glazings for solar energy absorption collectors. Data concerning the transmittance characteristics of these films are included, together with information concerning other physical properties such as tensile strength, index of refraction, and weathering characteristics.
Erythropoietin is effective in improving the anemia induced by imatinib mesylate therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase.

BACKGROUND Myelosuppression occurs in up to 50% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who are treated with imatinib and ≥ Grade 3 myelosuppression is reported in approximately 10% of patients. METHODS The authors investigated the prognostic significance of anemia occurring during therapy with imatinib in patients with CML in chronic phase. RESULTS Of 338 patients treated with imatinib (150 patients after interferon failure and 188 patients with newly diagnosed CML), 230 (68%) developed anemia. In a multivariate analysis, factors associated with an increased probability of developing anemia were a starting hemoglobin level < 12 g/dL, age ≥ 60 years, female gender, higher imatinib dose, and intermediate or high Sokal risk group. Of these 230 patients, 102 patients received treatment with 40,000 U of recombinant human erythropoietin administered subcutaneously once weekly. An increase in the hemoglobin level of ≥ 2 g/dL was achieved in 69 patients (68%) and 22 patients (22%) had an increase of 1–1.9 g/dL. Patients who developed anemia had a trend toward a lower probability of complete cytogenetic remission compared with patients without anemia (68% vs. 77%; P = 0.14), as well as a trend for inferior survival. Patients with anemia and other manifestations of myelosuppression were found to have a significantly worse outcome than those with isolated anemia. CONCLUSIONS The authors concluded that erythropoietin is safe and effective in patients in chronic-phase CML who develop anemia with imatinib therapy. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Two-tier signatures from the Fiat-Shamir transform, with applications to strongly unforgeable and one-time signatures

The authors show how the Fiat–Shamir transform can be used to convert three-move identification protocols into two-tier signature schemes (a primitive that they define) with a proof of security that makes a standard assumption on the hash function rather than modelling it as a random oracle. The result requires security of the starting protocol against concurrent attacks. It is also shown that numerous protocols have the required properties, and thus numerous efficient two-tier schemes are obtained. The first application is an efficient transform of any unforgeable signature scheme into a strongly unforgeable one. (This extends the work of Boneh, Shen and Waters whose transform only applies to a limited class of schemes.) The second application is the new one-time signature schemes that, compared with the one-way function-based ones of the same computational cost, have smaller key and signature sizes.
Prevention of Malnutrition and Growth Failure in VLBW Infants

The growth of preterm infants remains poor and nearly all are significantly growth restricted by term gestational age. The primary cause is under nutrition. This is not an insignificant problem-as much as half of certain later life disorders, including obesity and diabetes, may result from early life growth restriction. Normal fetal growth at 24-30 weeks gestation requires up to 4 g/kg/day of protein. Most preterm infants also receive too little of certain essential fatty acids that are necessary for normal neural development. If not fed this amount of nutrition, the consequences for such infants are clear-later life short stature, reduced muscle mass, and smaller brains that do not allow normal cognitive development. The good news, though, is that there is potential for improved brain growth and intellectual development if preterm infants are fed diets that supply nutrients at the appropriate rates necessary for normal third trimester human fetal growth. Preterm infants fed higher rates TPN solutions with higher rates of amino acids, preterm formula with more protein and non-protein energy, or milk with nutrient supplements have measurably improved developmental and intellectual outcomes in early childhood. By adolescence, brain structural development and verbal IQ are directly related to the original amount of nutrient intake that preterm infants receive, particularly of protein, but also of balanced energy supply and essential fatty acids. Clearly, more consistent approaches to enhanced nutrition of preterm infants are necessary to prevent growth failure and promote normal development.
Pin1 flips Alzheimer's switch.

The biochemical processes leading to Alzheimer’s disease are just now being elucidated. A recent study shows that a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, Pin1, specifically regulates the degradation of amyloi...
Vibration tolerant swept wavelength interferometry

We describe a vibration tolerant coherent interferometer. The spectral phase response of a reference gas cell in the vicinity of an absorption line is measured in the presence of a vibrational disturbance using this method.
Project management and scheduling for enterprise integration

We identify important phases in managing enterprise integration projects so as to obtain consensus for integration requirements, select suitable integration technologies and estimate total cost of ownership with an integration project schedule. We propose an Enterprise Integration Project Management (EIPM) process where we identify the requirements of integration by modelling and analysing the organisations' business process. Here, consensus among the stakeholders is obtained by allowing collaborative planning through the Delphi technique. The total cost of ownership for integration is estimated through software complexity metrics and the resource requirements based on the work breakdown structure. Further, for successful management projects, we demonstrate the application of the Distributed Arrival Time Control (DATC) algorithm for integration project management. The application of DATC allows us to generate adaptive schedules that meet due dates for management under highly uncertain tasks of enterprise integration. Finally, we present a case study to demonstrate the overall capabilities of EIPM.
The Dynamics of a Disordered Linear Chain

By a disordered chain we mean a chain of one-dimensional harmonic oscillators, each coupled to its nearest neighbors by harmonic forces, the inertia of each oscillator and the strength of each coupling being a random variable with a known statistical distribution law. A method is presented for calculating exactly the distribution-function of the frequencies of normal modes of vibration of such a chain, in the limit when the chain becomes infinitely long. For some special examples, in which the distribution law of the oscillator parameters is assumed to be of exponential form, the frequency spectra are calculated analytically. The theory applies equally well to a chain of masses connected by elastic springs and making mechanical vibrations, or to an electrical transmission line composed of alternating inductances and capacitances with random characteristics.
Influx, net flux and transepithelial flux of amino acids in the hardshell clam Mercenaria mercenaria (Linne): influence of salinity

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of salinity on the uptake and internal distribution of alanine and other free amino acids (FAA) in hardsell clams, Mercenaria , was studied by radiochemical and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. 2. 2. Exposure of animals to reduced salinity does not alter the rate of unidirectional alanine influx. 3. 3. In 34%o salinity, entry of labeled alanine reflects the net flux of the amino acid. However, in 17%o salinity, there is a net loss of alanine and other acids, mainly taurine, to the medium. 4. 4. Reduced salinity induces greater incorporation of radiolabeled FAA into macromolecular fractions throughout the animal. 5. 5. The major factors in reducing intracellular pools of FAA are loss to the external medium and incorporation into macromolecules.
Remote bridge-monitoring systems : New York's experience

Long-term continuous monitoring may be helpful in periodic evaluation of structures, decision-making for preventative maintenance, and examining new design techniques. Remote bridge-monitoring systems are expected to be useful in future bridge inspection and management. Reliability of data- collection systems, sensors, and communication systems in the service environment is critical for successful field operation. This paper briefly describes a study undertaken by New York State Department of Transportation to investigate reliability of a state-of-the-art bridge-monitoring system available at the inception of that study and to examine its utility for continuous monitoring of bridge structures.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Secretory Component in Human Amniotic Fluid and Gestational Tissues: A Potential Endogenous Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor

Prostaglandins (PGs) are essential mediators of labor during human pregnancy. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) provides the essential substrate for PG synthesis through the libertion of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipid stores. Nonlaboring amniotic fluid (NL-AF) contains secretory component (SC)-like protein(s) that suppress in vitro PLA2 activity. This study characterizes the biologic activity, identity, and tissue distribution of these protein(s) in NL-AF and gestational tissues. Third-trimester NL-AF was collected by amniocentesis, fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, and submitted to an in vitro PLA2 assay. Identity of the PlA2 inhibitor in NL-AF was confirmed by Western blot and antibody neutralization studies. Secretory component-immunoreactive proteins were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. Tissue distribution of SC in gestational tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. The 100% pellet and supernatant fractions of NL-AF suppressed PLA2 activity, and this activity was neutralized by a polyclonal antibody to SC. Western blot studies revealed an SC-reactive protein in the 70–80-kD range in the 100% pellet fraction of NL-AF. Two SC-reactive proteins were detected in the 60–80-kD range in the eluate from the SC immunoaffinity column, along with minor proteins of 30 and greater than 100 kD. Immunohistochemical studies revealed SC in placental trophoblast, amniotic membranes, and decidual epithelium. These results demonstrate that proteins homologous to SC are present in human gestational tissues and possess anti-PLA2 activity. These proteins may contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy by suppressing local PG production.
Substrate specificity of glutathione S-transferases from the fall armyworm

Abstract Ten cytosolic glutathione S -transferase (GST) isozymes isolated from midguts and fat bodies of control and allelochemical-induced fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) larvae were tested for their activity toward 13 model substrates belonging to halogenated compounds, nitro compounds, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and organic hydroperoxides. Based on the pattern of activity toward these substrates, these GST isozymes exhibited different but overlapping substrate specificities. With a few exceptions, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was the best substrate for these isozymes. The isozymes were active toward numerous toxic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl allelochemicals including trans -2-octenal, trans -2-nonenal, 2,4-hexadienal, trans , trans -2,4-heptadienal, trans , trans -2,4-nonadienal, and trans , trans -2,4-decadienal, suggesting that GSTs play an important role in the feeding strategies of lepidopterous insects. These GSTs also possessed glutathione peroxidase activity toward cumene hydroperoxide and conjugating activity toward 4-hydroxy nonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, and therefore they are antioxidant enzymes. Microsomal glutathione S -transferase from fat bodies of fall armyworm larvae metabolized a variety of model substrates such as CDNB, 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), p -nitrophenyl acetate, and cumene hydroperoxide, but had no activity toward α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. With the exception of ethacrynic acid, glutathione S -transferase activities toward these substrates were all inducible by allelochemicals such as xanthotoxin and indole 3-acetonitrile in midguts and fat bodies of fall armyworm larvae. Induction ranged from 1.3- to 20.2-fold for midgut GSTs and 1.4- to 48.8-fold for fat body GSTs, depending on the inducer and substrate used. In all instances, DCNB-conjugating activity was most inducible based on percentage of control.
Cortical cytoplasmic filaments of cleaving eggs: a structural element corresponding to the contractile ring.

A sheath consisting of filaments 50–70 A in diameter has been demonstrated in association with the expanded, leading margins of the cleavage furrow in unilaterally and symmetrically cleaving eggs of a jellyfish and a polychaete worm, respectively. The observations suggest that the filament system might provide a structural basis for the existence of the contractile gel that, according to a hypothesis by Marsland and Landau, accomplishes cleavage. The filamentous sheath is present only in the furrow region and is arranged in an arcuate manner in unilaterally cleaving eggs and circumferentially in symmetrical cleavage. The filaments appear to be of finite length, and a number of them must overlap to span the length of the furrow. Contraction may be accomplished if the filaments slide relative to each other. However, contraction per se was experimentally not demonstrated in the studied systems. The disappearance of microvilli and the merocrine type secretion of mucoid droplets at the interdigitating or "spinning" membrane region of unilateral cleavage suggest that the unfolding of a pleated membrane and the insertion of intracytoplasmic membranes might contribute, at least in part, to the necessary extra cell membrane.
The uptake and distribution of 15N2 into the various organs of Typha latifolia L.

Abstract Direct evidence of heterotrophic dinitrogen fixation associated with the emergent aquatic angiosperm, Typha latifolia L., was obtained through the exposure of actively growing plants to 15 N 2 gas for 7 days in a gas-tight exposure vessel. Highest enrichments of 15 N were found in roots/rhizomes and leaf bases. Slight enrichments were also found in the leaves due to translocation from the roots, rhizomes and leaf bases. Total fixed 15 N values were 71.8 μg for the plant and 49.1 μg for the soil. Plants growing in silica sand, which received a nutrient solution containing combined nitrogen, exhibited higher enrichments and fixed 86% more 15 N after exposure to 15 N 2 gas than plants which received a nutrient solution lacking combined nitrogen. It is hypothesized that the concentration of combined nitrogen added was insufficient to repress nitrogen fixation and resulted in an increase in nitrogen fixation by associated microorganisms. Propane was used to trace the loss and movement of gases from the 15 N 2 vessel and between the upper leaf chamber and the lower root chamber. Gas was rapidly exchanged between the upper and lower chambers through the leaves and roots of T. latifolia . Further investigations showed that propane moved at a rate of 1223 μmol day −1 from the leaves to the roots and 2652 μmol day −1 from the roots to the leaves. These data demonstrated that gases diffuse rapidly through the plant body of T. latifolia .
An analysis of non-utilitarian stone point function in the US Southwest

Abstract In this article, data from the ethnographic and archaeological records are correlated to examine the proposal that some projectile points had social and symbolic functions. Although archaeologists have long recognized that projectile points could have multiple functions, few have examined the social and symbolic functions these objects had. This article discusses the thorough examination of ethnographic documents primarily from the US Southwest written during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which reveal that stone projectile points had multiple social and symbolic functions. After a discussion of the compiled ethnographic data, data from the analysis of over 600 stone points from the northern U.S. Southwest dating to AD 900–1300 is presented. The stone projectile point data reveals that while the majority of projectile points were used as tips to arrows, some did serve social and symbolic functions similar to those observed in the ethnographic record. With this data in hand, I argue that archaeologists must approach projectile points as more than just weapons, and that analysis of these objects can reveal much more about the past than simply chronology and cultural boundaries.