cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multiple-valued logic synthesis tool for optical computing elements

Optical computing elements offer benefits over traditional CMOS-based electronic logic gates such as increased performance and reduced power. Using polarization to encode the information to be processed allows for the possibility of non-binary switching theory to be applied that further offers the benefit of reducing the number of required elements in an optical computing circuit. A methodology for synthesizing non-binary optical computing circuits is described and experimental results are provided that justify the approach.
Rheology of sediment transported by a laminar flow

Understanding the dynamics of fluid-driven sediment transport remains challenging, as it occurs at the interface between a granular material and a fluid flow. Boyer, Guazzelli, and Pouliquen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 188301 (2011)]PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.107.188301 proposed a local rheology unifying dense dry-granular and viscous-suspension flows, but it has been validated only for neutrally buoyant particles in a confined and homogeneous system. Here we generalize the Boyer, Guazzelli, and Pouliquen model to account for the weight of a particle by addition of a pressure P_{0} and test the ability of this model to describe sediment transport in an idealized laboratory river. We subject a bed of settling plastic particles to a laminar-shear flow from above, and use refractive-index-matching to track particles' motion and determine local rheology-from the fluid-granular interface to deep in the granular bed. Data from all experiments collapse onto a single curve of friction μ as a function of the viscous number I_{v} over the range 3×10^{-5}≤I_{v}≤2, validating the local rheology model. For I_{v}<3×10^{-5}, however, data do not collapse. Instead of undergoing a jamming transition with μ→μ_{s} as expected, particles transition to a creeping regime where we observe a continuous decay of the friction coefficient μ≤μ_{s} as I_{v} decreases. The rheology of this creep regime cannot be described by the local model, and more work is needed to determine whether a nonlocal rheology model can be modified to account for our findings.
Single-cell genome sequencing: current state of the science

Single-cell genome sequencing can provide detailed insights into the composition of single genomes that are not readily apparent when studying bulk cell populations. This Review discusses the considerable technical challenges of amplifying and interrogating genomes from single cells, emerging innovative solutions and various applications in microbiology and human disease, in particular in cancer.
Capillarity Effects in Mushy Zones Under Microgravity Conditions

The Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment (IDGE) was a component microgravity experiment included as a portion of the United States Microgravity Payload Mission (USMP4) launched by NASA late in 1997. Video data obtained from the IDGE show that PVA dendrites may be melted into detached fragments, or crystallites, without suffering any detectable relative motion with respect to the surrounding quiescent melt phase, despite the mass density difference between crystal and melt. The observed dendritic melting and fragmentation occur by heat conduction devoid of convective effects. Agreement between conduction melting theory and these microgravity experiments was found earlier if melting occurs under shape-preserving conditions, where needle-like ellipsoid-shaped fragments shrink by melting at a constant C/A ratio, where C is the semi-major axis length, and A is the semi-minor axis length. We report new observations of melting kinetics affected by capillarity, where the C/A ratio of individual crystallites does not remain constant. Capillary effects that accompany the melting of slender crystallites lie outside conventional heat conduction theory. The data presented here show that melting kinetics remain dominated by heat conduction from the surrounding melt, which is modified by heat fluxes internal to the crystallites. The capillary-induced heat flux results from steep interfacial curvature gradients on the crystallites just prior to their extinction.
Drug Distribution in Microspheres Enhances Their Anti-Inflammatory Properties in the Gottingen Minipig

The foreign body reaction (FBR), one of the body’s defense mechanisms against foreign materials, results in loss of implant biocompatibility. A popular strategy to prevent FBR is the constant release of dexamethasone in the tissue surrounding the implant. However, FBR prevention has not been sufficiently studied in large animal models, which offer a better representation of the human subcutaneous tissue physiology. Accordingly, a long-term strategy to prevent FBR to subcutaneous implants in a large animal model is necessary to translate the existing research for clinical applications. Here, a poly(lactic-co-glycolic) (PLGA) microsphere/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel composite coating for one-month prevention of FBR in Gottingen minipigs was developed. A modified PLGA microsphere formulation process is presented, that utilizes coprecipitation of dexamethasone and PLGA. Traditional methods result in heterogeneous distribution of large drug crystals in the microsphere matrix, which in turn results in low...
Germination timing and rate of locally collected western wheatgrass and smooth brome grass: the role of collection site and light sensitivity along a riparian corridor

Native perennial grasses in riparian areas are threatened by the invasion of weedy competitors, such as smooth brome grass ( Bromus inermis Leyss. [Poaceae]). Smooth brome actively invades disturbed riparian zones through high seed production and fast seedling establishment. Restoring native perennial grasses to these regions is challenging because continual disturbances along riparian corridors open niches for further plant invasions. Identifying growth traits of common native perennial grasses, such as western wheatgrass ( Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love [Poaceae]), as well as for smooth brome, should provide managers with necessary information about smooth brome invasion and native plant restoration. In this study, we sought to identify how the germination timing and rates of smooth brome and western wheatgrass were affected by seed site location and light availability. Regardless of site or light dynamics, we found that smooth brome grass germinated 2 d earlier and at a 5× higher rate than western wheatgrass. Sites that were frequently disturbed by human activity also had higher seedling germination rates than sites with little disturbance for both smooth brome and western wheatgrass. In addition, when light was restricted for the first few growing days, seedling germination of both species was higher than in diurnal light environments. These findings suggest the use of 2 management tools for enhancing western wheatgrass populations in smooth brome–invaded riparian zones: high seeding rates to improve western wheatgrass competitiveness and deep planting methods such as drill-seeding to improve germination rates and percentage.
320 INHIBITION OF ACTIVATOR PROTEIN 1 AND NUCLEAR FACTOR κB BY CURCUMIN AND RELATED ANALOGUES.

Both NFκB and AP-1 are well characterized families of transcription factors that are involved in many disease states, including cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer9s disease. It is well known that these transcription factors are prosurvival and proinflammatory factors and are therefore considered promising targets for development of new therapeutics. Recent research has focused on curcumin as an inhibitor of the activation of both NFκB and AP-1. Curcumin is a natural product utilized throughout the world as a spice, a paste for wounds, as well as being used for many autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, it has powerful antioxidant activity. Previous research from our laboratory has focused on the abilities of curcumin as its analogues to inhibit the activation of NFκB. The focus of the present work was to test curcumin and its analogues as inhibitors of the activation of AP-1 and whether activation of AP-1 and NFκB is inhibited by the same analogues, which might point towards a common target. Curcumin and 84 analogues were tested by using AP-1 293 cell line co transfected with a luciferase reporter. Cells were then induced with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and inhibition of NFκB and AP-1 was then assayed with a luminometer. The seven most active inhibitory compounds were the same for both AP-1 and NFκB. In addition, some of the compounds acted to enhance the activation of AP-1. The results of this research indicate that there may be a common upstream target for both NFκB and AP-1. Further research will serve to better understand the activation and inhibition of these proinflammatory and oncogenic transcription families. This work supported in part by NIH grant EY13695 from the National Eye Institute and grant BC043125 from the US Army/DOD Breast Cancer Program.
Shifting paradigms in diminished ovarian reserve and advanced reproductive age in assisted reproduction: Customization instead of conformity

As women are increasingly delaying childbearing into their 30s and beyond, diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and advanced reproductive age (ARA) patients are bound to become a large proportion of all assisted reproductive technology practices. Traditional controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocols for DOR and/or ARA have had some limited success, but pregnancy rates are lower and cycle cancellation rates are higher than their younger counterparts with normal ovarian reserve. Though many physicians have a selection of favorite standard protocols that they use, patients with DOR may require closer monitoring and customization of the treatment cycle to address the common problems that come with low ovarian reserve. Frequent issues that surface in women with DOR and/or ARA include poor follicular response, premature luteinizing hormone surge, and poor embryo quality. Limited published evidence exists to guide treatment for DOR. However, use of minimal or mild doses of gonadotropins, avoidance of severe pituitary suppression, and consideration for luteal phase stimulation and a "freeze all" approach are possible customized treatment options that can be considered for such patients who have failed more traditional COS protocols.
The epigenetic basis of common human disease.

Epigenetics was historically a niche field of interest to biologists studying model organisms. For the last three decades, epigenetics has moved into the heart of cancer biology. Now the field promises to bridge the gap in our understanding of the relationships among genetic risk, environmental exposure, and common disease. It is natural that these first steps were made in the study of an autoimmune disease because blood cells are a natural surrogate for the tissue of interest, but the same ideas can be applied to other disorders, particularly those that may be age-related, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Our ultimate hope is that entirely new modalities for therapy will be discovered that are targeted at the regulatory sequences, or the protein effectors that bind them. This would be a more “surgical” (dare I use that word in this audience?) approach to biological response modification than nonspecific immunosuppressors in autoimmune disease, or cytotoxic drugs in oncology. Again, I am most grateful to be able to add my small contribution to this extraordinary body of scholarship of the Association.
Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis of Gene Transcripts of Mosquito Follicles

Real-time (quantitative) PCR, or QPCR, has become an indispensible tool for characterizing gene expression. Depending on the experimental design, researchers can use either the relative or absolute (standard curve) method to quantify transcript abundance. Characterizing the expression of genes in mosquito ovaries will require use of the standard curve method of quantification. Here, I describe reagents and equipment necessary to run standard curve QPCR. I also provide details on the construction of the standard linear curve and calculations required to determine transcript abundance.
An Introduction to VPI'S Museum of Geological Sciences

(1977). An Introduction to VPI'S Museum of Geological Sciences. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 289-291.
On Multiple-Objective Nonlinear Optimal Designs

Experiments with multiple-objectives form a staple diet of modern scientific research. Deriving optimal designs with multiple-objectives is a long-standing challenging problem with few tools available. The few existing approaches cannot provide a satisfactory solution in general: either the computation is very expensive or a satisfactory solution is not guaranteed. There is need for a general approach which can effectively derive multi-objective optimal designs. A novel algorithm is proposed to address this literature gap. We prove convergence of this algorithm, and show in various examples that the new algorithm can derive the true solutions with high speed.
The S-Aux-O-V-Other syntagm in Atlantic

As the largest language phylum in the world and the most geographically widespread (Williamson & Blench 2000), Niger-Congo understandably exhibits some variation at all grammatical levels. Basic word order stands as no exception to this generalization, and there have been partisans for both an SOY and an SVO reconstructed word order. Gensler 1994 attempts to reconcile the two by claiming that neither proposal is correct; he suggests that both SOY and SVO are derived from Proto-Niger-Congo *S-AUX-O-V-Other. Because of the pattern's "quirkiness" (being found virtually nowhere else in the world) and because it is so widely attested in geographically widely separated Niger-Congo languages, the pattern should be reconstructed for all of Niger-Congo. One crucial piece of evidence for this claim comes from the Southern Atlantic language Kisi. This paper explores Kisi' s facts in further detail to show how central the structure is to the language. It then expands the investigation to other languages of Atlantic, finding that the pattern is much more widely attested than was previously realized, albeit in an attenuated form. The paper concludes by discussing the significance of the Atlantic facts to Niger-Congo in general.
Human Intention Inference Using Expectation-Maximization Algorithm With Online Model Learning

An algorithm called adaptive-neural-intention estimator (ANIE) is presented to infer the intent of a human operator’s arm movements based on the observations from a 3-D camera sensor (Microsoft Kinect). Intentions are modeled as the goal locations of reaching motions in 3-D space. Human arm’s nonlinear motion dynamics are modeled using an unknown nonlinear function with intentions represented as parameters. The unknown model is learned by using a neural network. Based on the learned model, an approximate expectation-maximization algorithm is developed to infer human intentions. Furthermore, an identifier-based online model learning algorithm is developed to adapt to the variations in the arm motion dynamics, the motion trajectory, the goal locations, and the initial conditions of different human subjects. The results of experiments conducted on data obtained from different users performing a variety of reaching motions are presented. The ANIE algorithm is compared with an unsupervised Gaussian mixture model algorithm and an Euclidean distance-based approach by using Cornell’s CAD-120 data set and data collected in the Robotics and Controls Laboratoy at UConn. The ANIE algorithm is compared with the inverse LQR and ATCRF algorithms using a labeling task carried out on the CAD-120 data set.
Pharmacological Inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Reduces Food Intake and Sensitizes Leptin’s Anorectic Signaling Actions

The role for c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) in the control of feeding and energy balance is not well understood. Here, by use of novel and highly selective JNK inhibitors, we investigated the actions of JNK in the control of feeding and body weight homeostasis. In lean mice, intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of SR-3306, a brain-penetrant and selective pan-JNK (JNK1/2/3) inhibitor, reduced food intake and body weight. Moreover, i.p. and i.c.v. administrations of SR11935, a brain-penetrant and JNK2/3 isoform-selective inhibitor, exerted similar anorectic effects as SR3306, which suggests JNK2 or JNK3 mediates aspect of the anorectic effect by pan-JNK inhibition. Furthermore, daily i.p. injection of SR3306 (7 days) prevented the increases in food intake and weight gain in lean mice upon high-fat diet feeding, and this injection paradigm reduced high-fat intake and obesity in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. In the DIO mice, JNK inhibition sensitized leptin's anorectic effect, and enhanced leptin-induced STAT3 activation in the hypothalamus. The underlying mechanisms likely involve the downregulation of SOCS3 by JNK inhibition. Collectively, our data suggest that JNK activity promotes positive energy balance, and the therapeutic intervention inhibiting JNK activities represents a promising approach to ameliorate diet-induced obesity and leptin resistance.
Perioperative experience of parents whose children undergo cardiac surgery: are we delivering?: Experiences of parents with children undergoing cardiac surgery during the preoperative and perioperative phases

Background Having children who require heart surgery is a complex and stressful experience for families ( Harvey et al 2013 , Re et al 2013 , Kosta et al 2015 ). The experience is high on the agenda of the NHS and is included in the Congenital Heart Disease Review Standards and Specifications ( NHS England 2015 ).
Assessing Reading Rate in the Primary Grades (1–3)

In this study we explore students' reading rates in grades 1–3. We begin with a short history of reading rate as an assessment measure in the early grades. Next, we share rate data from a recent study (N = 305) where children's contextual reading was assessed with a traditional passage-reading inventory. A comparison of our average grade-level rates with those rates reported in the DIBELS literature shows that they match closely. Finally, we introduce the concept of minimum grade-level rates, emphasizing its practical significance to teachers and researchers alike.
Shifting the Relationship Education Field to Prioritize Youth Relationship Education

The field of couple and relationship education is dominated by a focus on helping committed couples strengthen their relationship. This article reviews several lines of research to argue that the f...
Model-based decoding of time-varying visual information during saccadic eye movements using population-level information

Our visual system scans the environment by directed ballistic movements of the eyes, known as saccades, to bring the locations of interest to the fovea for further visual processing. Accurately characterizing visual responses in the perisaccadic period is an important step toward understanding how the visual world is represented during saccades, and therefore how the brain maintains the stability of visual perception across saccades. Here we use our recently developed probabilistic model in the generalized linear model framework, which uses both simultaneously recorded spiking responses and the local field potential, to extract time-varying visual information represented by individual neurons in the middle temporal cortex during saccades. Our results indicate that the optimal model-based decoding exploiting the response correlation structure between neurons, or the network state of the neuronal population, or both, extracts significantly more information about the visual scene than decoding based solely on the single neuron spiking activity. This model-based approach reveals the role of several external and internal covariates in the extrastriate coding of visual stimulus during eye movements. Moreover, the modelbased decoding provides a general framework for testing the contribution of specific perisaccadic changes in neuronal responses to our perception of the visual scene during eye movements.
Microclimatic buffering in forests of the future: the role of local water balance

Forest canopies buffer climate extremes and promote microclimates that may function as refugia for understory species under changing climate. However, the biophysical conditions that promote and maintain microclimatic buffering and its stability through time are largely unresolved. We posited that forest microclimatic buffering is sensitive to local water balance and canopy cover, and we measured this effect during the growing season across a climate gradient in forests of the northwestern United States (US). We found that forest canopies buffer extremes of maximum temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), with biologically meaningful effect sizes. For example, during the growing season, maximum temperature and VPD under at least 50% forest canopy were 5.3°C and 1.1 kPa lower on average, respectively, compared to areas without canopy cover. Canopy buffering of temperature and vapor pressure deficit was greater at higher levels of canopy cover, and varied with water balance, implying that buffering effects are subject to changes in local hydrology. We project changes in the water balance for the mid‐21st century and predict how such changes may impact the ability of western US forests to buffer climate extremes. Our results suggest that some forests will lose their capacity to buffer climate extremes as sites become increasingly water limited. Changes in water balance combined with accelerating canopy losses due to increases in the frequency and severity of disturbance will create potentially non‐linear changes in the microclimate conditions of western US forests.
Ionizing Radiation and Gas Plasma (or Glow) Discharge Treatments for Preparation of Novel Polymeric Biomaterials

There is a wide variety of materials which are foreign to the body and which are used in contact with body fluids. These materials are called biomaterials.
Alkylation of Nucleophilic Carbon Intermediates

Carbon-carbon bond formation is the basis for the construction of the molecular framework of organic molecules by synthesis. One of the fundamental processes for carbon-carbon bond formation is a reaction between a nucleophilic carbon and an electrophilic one. The focus in this chapter is on enolate ions, imine anions, and enamines, which are the most useful kinds of carbon nucleophiles, and on their reactions with alkylating agents. Mechanistically, these are usually SN2 reactions in which the carbon nucleophile displaces a halide or other leaving group. Successful carbon-carbon bond formation requires that the SN2 alkylation be the dominant reaction. The crucial factors which must be considered include (1) the conditions for generation of the carbon nucleophile; (2) the effect of the reaction conditions on the structure and reactivity of the nucleophile; (3) the regio- and stereoselectivity of the alkylation reaction; and (4) the role of solvents, counterions, and other components of the reaction media that can influence the rate of competing reactions.
Evidence for pyrrolidone carboxylic acid in β-galactosidase from E. coli

Abstract Acidic peptides isolated from pronase digests of β-galactosidase by chromatography on Dowex 50-X2 contain N-terminal pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. This was not due to cyclization of glutamine or glutamic acid to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid during the procedure as addition of excess fluorodinitrobenzene immediately following digestion and prior to the chromatographic step did not alter the results. Acetylation of β-galactosidase prior to the procedure resulted in recovery of additional amino acids which were compatible with the previously established N-terminal threonine. These data indicate the presence of multiple polypeptide chains in the β-galactosidase monomers of 135,000 molecular weight, with pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and threonine as N-terminal residues.
The IAT Is Dead, Long Live the IAT: Context-Sensitive Measures of Implicit Attitudes Are Indispensable to Social and Political Psychology

The implicit association test (IAT) is one of several measures of implicit attitudes, but it has attracted especially intense criticism. Some methodological objections are valid, but they are damni...
Heparan sulfate expression on B cells modulates IgM expression in aged mice and steady-state plasma cell numbers

Heparan sulfate (HS) modulates many cellular processes including adhesion, motility, ligand-receptor interaction, and proliferation. We have previously reported that murine B cells strongly upregulate cell surface HS upon exposure to type I interferon, TLR-ligands, or B cell receptor stimulation. To investigate the role of HS on B cells in vivo, we utilized EXT1lox/lox CD19-Cre conditional KO mice, which are incapable of synthesizing HS in B cells. We found that suppressing HS expression on B cells has no overt effect in B cell development, localization, or motility. However, we did observe that EXT1 conditional KO mice have decreased polyreactive IgM in naive aged mice relative to littermate control mice. Despite this decrease in polyreactive IgM, EXT1 conditional KO mice mounted a normal B cell response to both model antigens and influenza infection. We also observed decreased plasma cells in EXT1 conditional KO mice after influenza infection. Although EXT1 conditional KO mice have decreased plasma cells, these mice still had comparable numbers of influenza-specific antibody secreting cells to littermate control mice. The findings presented here suggest that HS expression on B cells does not play a major role in B cell development or overall B cell function but instead might be involved in fine-tuning B-cell responses.
Cellular Biophysics and Modeling: A Primer on the Computational Biology of Excitable Cells

What every neuroscientist should know about the mathematical modeling of excitable cells. Combining empirical physiology and nonlinear dynamics, this text provides an introduction to the simulation and modeling of dynamic phenomena in cell biology and neuroscience. It introduces mathematical modeling techniques alongside cellular electrophysiology. Topics include membrane transport and diffusion, the biophysics of excitable membranes, the gating of voltage and ligand-gated ion channels, intracellular calcium signalling, and electrical bursting in neurons and other excitable cell types. It introduces mathematical modeling techniques such as ordinary differential equations, phase plane, and bifurcation analysis of single-compartment neuron models. With analytical and computational problem sets, this book is suitable for life sciences majors, in biology to neuroscience, with one year of calculus, as well as graduate students looking for a primer on membrane excitability and calcium signalling.
Advanced sensor for in situ, NDE monitoring of nuclear reactors components integrity

Nuclear pipe leakage is the major problem in nuclear plants operation1. Nondestructive test of nuclear pipes in situ under high level radiation is the one of the challenging projects in nuclear engineering. The high level nuclear radiation is dangerous for human and traditional NDT methods of nuclear pipe monitoring in real time in situ make them practically impossible2. Proposed advanced laser sensor and technology which allow to detect corrosion, mechanical stress and defects which can prevent nuclear fuel failure caused by mechanical and physical-chemical aspects of nuclear reactor components under high level nuclear radiation. Sensor operated remotely by laser light and does not require electrical wires for connection with electrical sources. Advantages of proposed technology: NDT–nondestructive test, contactless, wireless, remote, real time operation under high level of nuclear radiation are discussed and demonstrated.
By the content of their character? Discrimination, social identity, and observed distributions of income

This paper applies information-theoretic measures to consider the systemic effects on individual incomes of complex patterns of social and economic discrimination by race, ethnicity, and gender in ...
Appalachian Store Owners’ and Managers’ Perspectives on the Role of Their Store in the Community and in Providing Healthier Food to the Community

ABSTRACTAppalachian communities have lower access to healthier food sources like grocery stores. Through semi-structured interviews with owner/managers of convenience stores in Appalachian communit...
Antecedents of the adoption process: Insights from consumer packaged food goods

The authors investigate the adoption process as a sequence of purchases and examine how marketing and consumer antecedents will influence the timing and depth of the process. The authors find (1) m...
Scale and size effects on the mechanical properties of bioinspired 3D printed two-phase composites

Abstract Multi-material 3D printing offers design flexibility for the manufacture of new architectured composite materials and has been increasingly used to explore the mechanical properties of bioinspired composites. In this study, the influence of scale and size on mechanical properties of periodic two-phase composites with various architectures of a stiff and a soft phase are explored. The studied composites include an interpenetrating phase composite with two continuous phases (inspired by bone), a matrix-inclusion composite with a continuous and a discontinuous phase, and a discontinuous phase composite where both phases are discontinuous. These composites are fabricated by additive manufacturing, and their mechanical properties are evaluated experimentally using a compression test complemented by digital image correlation, and numerically through finite element analysis. Overall trends show that the elastic moduli and yield strengths decrease as the scale is increased. Our results on size effects reveal an increase in elastic modulus and yield strength with increasing size of the sample. Our investigation outcomes help to better understand some of the challenges in studying and applications of additively manufactured composites and shed light on scale and size effects on mechanical properties of 3D printed two-phase composites. This paper illustrates a need for further studies of scale and size effects in additively manufactured materials.
In situ energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction of local phase dynamics during solvothermal growth of Cu4O3

Using in situ methods to characterize the state of a system during reactions is critical to understanding and improving solvothermal syntheses. This work demonstrates the use of in situ energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) to investigate the local dynamics during solvothermal formation of Cu4O3 using a general-purpose full-sized laboratory oven. This allows for direct comparison of in situ data with laboratory-based reactions. Using in situ EDXRD, changes in the local amounts of Cu4O3, Cu2O and CuO within approximately 100 × 100 × 700 µm gauge volumes during solvothermal Cu4O3 formation were recorded. Fast conversion between Cu2O and CuO was observed in the solvothermal environment, whereas Cu4O3 was found to be chemically stable against disturbances once formed. The observed differences in local dynamics give further support to the differences in formation mechanisms between Cu4O3 and Cu2O/CuO proposed here.
Advanced Study on Very High Q-factor Based on G-shaped Resonator Type Metamaterial Absorber

High Q-factor based on absorption can be achieved by tuning (the reflection and the transition percentage). In this work, the simple design and simulated in S-band have been investigated. The simulation results of G-shape resonator are shown triple band of absorption peaks (60%, 91.5% and 70.3%) at resonance frequency 2.7 GHz, 3.26 GHz, and 4.05 GHz respectively. The results exhibited very high of the Q-factor (271) at resonance frequency (3.26 GHz). The high Q-factor can be used to enhance the sensor sensing, narrowband band filter and image sensing. The proposed G-shaped resonator has significant potential in practical applications, especially when it scaling to THz such as detection, imaging and sensing.
Electronic symptom monitoring in pediatric patients hospitalized for chemotherapy.

Background Using patient-reported outcomes for symptom monitoring in oncology has resulted in significant benefits for adult patients with cancer. The feasibility of this approach has not been established in the routine care of children with cancer. Methods The Pediatric Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (Ped-PRO-CTCAE) is an item library that enables children and caregivers to self-report symptoms. Ten symptom items from the Ped-PRO-CTCAE were uploaded to an online platform. Patients at least 7 years old and their caregivers were prompted by text/email message to electronically self-report daily during a planned hospitalization for chemotherapy administration. Symptom reports were emailed to the clinical team caring for the patient, but no instructions were given regarding the use of this information. Rates of patient participation and clinician responses to reports were systematically tracked. Results The median age of the participating patients (n = 52) was 11 years (range, 7-18 years). All patients and caregivers completed an initial login, with 92% of dyads completing at least 1 additional symptom assessment during hospitalization (median, 3 assessments; range, 0-40). Eighty-one percent of participating dyads submitted symptom reports on at least half of hospital days, and 54% submitted reports on all hospital days. Clinical actions were taken in response to symptom reports 21% of the time. Most patients felt that the system was easy (73%) and important (79%). Most clinicians found symptom reports easy to understand and useful (97%). Conclusions Symptom monitoring using patient-reported outcome measures for hospitalized pediatric oncology patients is feasible and generates data valued by clinicians and patients.
Frontal midline theta differentiates separate cognitive control strategies while still generalizing the need for cognitive control.

Cognitive control processes encompass many distinct components, including response inhibition (stopping a prepotent response), proactive control (using prior information to enact control), reactive control (last-minute changing of a prepotent response), and conflict monitoring (choosing between two competing responses). While frontal midline theta activity is theorized to be a general marker of the need for cognitive control, a stringent test of this hypothesis would require a quantitative, within-subject comparison of the neural activation patterns indexing many different cognitive control strategies, an experiment lacking in the current literature. We recorded EEG from 176 participants as they performed tasks that tested inhibitory control (Go/Nogo Task), proactive and reactive control (AX-Continuous Performance Task), and resolving response conflict (Global/Local Task-modified Flanker Task). As activity in the theta (4–8 Hz) frequency band is thought to be a common signature of cognitive control, we assessed frontal midline theta activation underlying each cognitive control strategy. In all strategies, we found higher frontal midline theta power for trials that required more cognitive control (target conditions) versus control conditions. Additionally, reactive control and inhibitory control had higher theta power than proactive control and response conflict, and proactive control had higher theta power than response conflict. Using decoding analyses, we were able to successfully decode control from target trials using classifiers trained exclusively on each of the other strategies, thus firmly demonstrating that theta representations of cognitive control generalize across multiple cognitive control strategies. Our results confirm that frontal midline theta-band activity is a common mechanism for initiating and executing cognitive control, but theta power also differentiates between cognitive control mechanisms. As theta activation reliably differs depending on the cognitive control strategy employed, future work will need to focus on the differential role of theta in differing cognitive control strategies.
Functional Evaluation of the Heart

The noninvasive echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular performance is an essential tool in the clinician’s assessment and management of children and adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, the unique anatomic and physiologic features in these patients, which include nonstandard ventricular geometries as well as variable loading conditions, can make the quantitative assessment of ventricular function challenging, particularly by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Newer echocardiographic methods are enabling more accurate and quantitative evaluation of ventricular performance, both by the transthoracic as well as transesophageal approach. This chapter discusses the current applications of TEE in the evaluation of ventricular function in patients with CHD.
The effects of racial status threat on White Americans’ support for Donald Trump: Results of five experimental tests:

Prior theory and research suggest that threats to the status of White Americans may increase support for Donald Trump. Consistent with this, one previous experiment conducted in early 2016 document...
Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cerebral vascular malformations (CCMs) are highly prevalent vascular lesions that can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is the primary method for diagnosis of CCMs in patients. Conventional MRI sequences can detect features such as hemosiderin and ferritin deposit and can categorize CCMs into four types according to their respective T1 and T2 intensities. Contrast enhanced imaging, including use of gadolinium, is used for differential diagnosis. By increasing magnetic susceptibility, gradient recalled echo sequences can reveal otherwise undetectable lesions. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) can depict CCMs with higher resolution. High field MRI can either shorten imaging time or reveal the microvascular anatomy of the CCM lesions. Experimental MRI of excised human CCMs show structural details such as “bland” and “honeycombed” regions, including the presence of smaller caverns along blood vessels or surrounding larger caverns. Experimental MRI of murine models for CCM may differentiate between simple single cavern containing pre-lesions and complex multi-cavernous mature CCM lesions that can lead to studies on the pathogenesis of these lesions. Future venues for advanced MRI include depicting additional feature of CCM lesions with SWI and higher field strength imaging and the use of contrast agents conjugated to antibodies against markers for endothelium and inflammatory cells in order to reveal aggressive and quiescent states and other clinical behavior.
Decision making under uncertainty in power system using Benders decomposition

Decision-making for operations, maintenance, and investment planning of electric power systems must handle a great deal of uncertainty. In the work described here, the enhanced risk index is used to describe these uncertainties, and the Benders decomposition algorithm plays the role of integrating three components of the decision making problem: economy, reliability, and risk. A decomposed security-constrained optimal power flow is developed to demonstrate the significant speed enhancement of the chosen algorithm. The risk-based optimal power flow, risk-based unit commitment problem, risk-based transmission line expansion, and risk-based Var resource allocation are formulated and demonstrated. A general Benders decomposition structure is developed to cover most of the decision making problems encountered in everyday use within the power industry. In order to facilitate this algorithm, a service oriented architecture (SOA) is introduced and a Benders decomposition and SOA based computation platform is designed.
Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Al2O3/Al‐Si Composites Processed from Al‐Si‐Zn and Ai‐Si‐Mg by Direct Metal Oxidation

Directed oxidation is an innovative technique for the production of ceramic/metal composites via the exposure of melts to oxidizing atmospheres at elevated temperatures. The resulting material consists of a 3D-interconnected, interpenetrating network of the oxide and metal-alloy microchannels. Experimental and theoretical attention is presently given to the case of alumina/Al-Si alloy composites of this type, where the Si content of the Al alloy varied (2, 5, and 10 wt pct). The composite's growth rates increased with increasing oxygen partial pressure for alloys with lower Si content. The higher growth rates and/or processing times led to higher porosity due to the coalescence of alumina grains. 9 refs.
Isolation of the Emetic Principle from Fusarium-Infected Corn

A mycotoxin responsible for vomiting in swine has been isolated from Fusarium-contaminated field corn. The compound was tentatively identified as a trichothecene, 3,7,15-trihydroxy-12,13-epoxy-trichothe-9-en-8-one, and has been given the trivial name vomitoxin.
Making It Real: Development and integration of in situ simulation operating rooms into the real operating room environment.

Simulation is any artificial construct that represents a real-world process. Technology-enhanced simulation in modern health care is growing exponentially, but the basic concept of ?practice? to enhance real-world performance in medicine dates back centuries. For example, in the 1600?1700s, birthing simulators were built from human bones, leather, wood, and wicker to train midwives how to manage common birthing emergencies [1].
The Ethics of Modernism: Moral Ideas in Yeats, Eliot, Joyce, Woolf and Beckett

Acknowledgements Introduction: literature and human nature 1. W. B. Yeats: out of nature 2. T. S. Eliot: the modernist Aristotle 3. James Joyce: love among the skeptics 4. Virginia Woolf: Antigone triumphant 5. Samuel Beckett: humanity in ruins Conclusion: technology and technique Notes Index.
Selective amplification by auto- and cross-catalysis in a replicating peptide system

Self-replication has been demonstrated in synthetic chemical systems based on oligonucleotides, peptides and complementary molecules without natural analogues. However, within a living cell virtually no molecule catalyses its own formation, and the search for chemical systems in which both auto- and cross-catalysis can occur has therefore attracted wide interest. One such system, consisting of two self-replicating peptides that catalyse each other's production, has been reported. Here we describe a four-component peptide system that is capable of auto- and cross-catalysis and allows for the selective amplification of one or more of the products by changing the reaction conditions. The ability of this system selectively to amplify one or more molecules in response to changes in environmental conditions such as pH or salt concentration supports the suggestions that self-replicating peptides may have played a role in the origin of life.
Hearing Clergy Speak About Social and Political Issues: Examining the Effects of Religious Tradition and Personal Interest*

Objective The goal of this research is to identify factors that affect the likelihood that a congregational attendee will report hearing their clergyperson speak about certain social or political issues. Methods The data used for this research come from the 2010 Religion and Public Life Survey. We examine three outcomes measuring whether the respondent reports hearing his or her clergy speak about abortion, homosexuality, or the environment. Results We find that an individual's personal interest in particular social issues increases the likelihood of reporting hearing about those issues from his or her clergyperson. There are also significant religious tradition effects, with Catholics being most likely to report hearing about abortion. Conclusion These findings shed light on what congregational attendees say they are hearing from their clergy about key social and political issues, which could be very different from what clergy report they are saying, as attendees’ reports will be shaped by their attention to, interest in, and interpretation of the clergy's messages.
Efficient Mining of Association Rules in Large Dynamic Databases

Mining for association rules between items in a large database of sales transactions is an important database mining problem. However, the algorithms previously reported in the literature apply only to static databases. That is, when more transactions are added, the mining process must start all over again, without taking advantage of the previous execution and results of the mining algorithm. In this paper we present an efficient algorithm for mining association rules within the context of a dynamic database, (i.e., a database where transactions can be added). It is an extension of our Partition algorithm which was shown to reduce the I/O overhead significantly as well as to lower the CPU overhead for most cases when compared with the performance of one of the best existing association mining algorithms.
Quantum rotation of HCN and DCN in 4 He

We present calculations of rotational absorption spectra of the molecules HCN and DCN in superfluid 4 He, using a combination of the diffusion Monte Carlo method for ground-state properties and an analytic many-body method (correlated basis function theory) for the excited states. Our results agree with the experimentally determined effective moment of inertia which has been obtained from the J=0→I spectral transition. The correlated basis function analysis shows that, unlike heavy rotors such as OCS, the J= 2 and higher rotational excitations of HCN and DCN have high-enough energy to strongly couple to rotons, leading to large shifts of the lines and accordingly to anomalous large spectroscopic distortion constants, to the possibility of roton-maxon bands, and of secondary peaks in the absorption spectra for J=2 and J= 3.