cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Noise correlation in CBCT projection data and its application for noise reduction in low-dose CBCT

There are growing interests in using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for patient treatment position setup and dose evaluation in radiation therapy. The repeated use of CBCT during the course of a treatment has raised concerns of extra radiation dose delivered to patients. One way to reduce radiation dose delivered to patients during CBCT procedure is to acquire CT projection data with a lower mAs level. However, the image quality of the projection image and the reconstructed CBCT image will degrade due to excessive quantum noise as a result of low mAs protocol. In this work, we first studied the noise properties of CBCT projection data from repeated scan and then improved low-dose CBCT image quality by restoring CBCT projection images based on an improved noise model of CBCT projection data. Analysis of repeated measurements show that noise is correlated among nearest neighbors in projection data, i.e., covariance matrix of projection data noise is non-diagonal. The covariance matrix of noise provides the knowledge of second-order statistics of noise, which may lead to more accurate estimation for statistical image reconstruction and restoration algorithm. We constructed the penalized weighted least-squares (PWLS) objective function by incorporating the noise correlation of CBCT projection data. The optimal solution of the line integrals is then estimated by minimizing the PWLS objective function. A quality assurance phantom was used to evaluate the presented algorithm for noise reduction in low-dose CBCT.
ILLUSIONS, MYTHS, AND MANAGEMENT: ALTERNATIVE PERSPECTIVES ON NUCLEAR DETERRENCE

Books reviewed in this articles: Robert Jay Lifton and Richard Falk, Indefensible Weapons: The Political and Psychological Case Against Nuclearism David P. Barash and Judith Eve Lipton, Stop Nuclear War! A Handbook Edward J. Markey with Douglas C. Waller, Nuclear Peril: The Politics of Proliferation Bruce Russett, The Prisoners of Insecurity: Nuclear Deterrence, the Arms Race, and Arms Control William H. Baugh, The Politics of Nuclear Balance; Ambiguity and Continuity in Strategic Policies
Distraction osteogenesis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Maxillofacial skeletal deficiency in the saggital and frontal plane has been shown to be a major contributing factor in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Despite the success of conventional surgical procedures in maxillofacial skeletal expansion, increasing interests have been generated in the use of distraction osteogenesis for skeletal expansion for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. This article will discuss the method as well as relevant results.
Acquisition of new metabolic capabilities: multicopy suppression by cloned transaminase genes in Escherichia coli K-12

Abstract The four general transaminases of Escherichia coli K-12 have overlapping, but discrete, substrate specificities and participate in the final step in the synthesis of at least seven different amino acids. Through the use of strains that have mutations in one or more transaminase genes and carry a different wild-type (wt) gene on a multicopy plasmid, it was possible to detect instances in which an amplified wt gene suppressed nonallelic mutations. In these cases, overproduction of the enzyme permitted a broader range of substrates to be used at physiologically significant levels, either because a low catalytic efficiency (in the case analyzed here) or a low affinity of the enzyme towards the substrate prevented its effective utilization under normal conditions. Consequently, by compensating for a low catalytic reaction rate, enzyme overproduction circumvents the original lesion and restores biosynthetic activity to the mutant strain. The suppression of a mutation in one gene by amplified copies of a different wt gene is termed ‘multicopy suppression’. This phenomenon is useful for detecting poorly expressed genes, for detecting duplicate genes, for identifying secondary functions of the products of known genes, and for elucidating the metabolic role of the product of the suppressed gene.
An efficient computational approach for multiframe blind deconvolution

Obtaining high resolution images of space objects from ground based telescopes involves using a combination of sophisticated hardware and computational post-processing techniques. An important, and often highly effective, computational post processing tool is multiframe blind deconvolution (MFBD). Mathematically, MFBD is modeled as a nonlinear inverse problem that can be solved using a flexible, variable projection optimization approach. In this paper we consider MFBD problems that are parameterized by a large number of variables. The formulas required for efficient implementation are carefully derived using the spectral decomposition and by exploiting properties of conjugate symmetric vectors. In addition, a new approach is proposed to provide a mathematical decoupling of the optimization problem, leading to a block structure of the Jacobian matrix. An application in astronomical imaging is considered, and numerical experiments illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Galerkin's method for operator equations with nonnegative index — With application to Cauchy singular integral equations

Abstract We consider solving operator equation (1) Hu + Ku = f, where H and K are bounded linear operators between two real Hilbert spaces H1 and H2. Operator H is assumed to have a finite-dimensional nullspace N(H) and a bounded right inverse H1:H2 → H1 and K is compact. It follows that dim(N(H + K)) = dim(N(H)), so that to obtain uniqueness the m additional conditions (2) 〈u,φk〉1 = bk, k=1, 2, h.,dim(N(H)) = m are imposed, where the {φk}k = 1m are an orthonormal basis for N(H). To solve (1) and (2), these equations are converted to an equivalent equation of the second kind to which Galerkin's method is applied using the basis {φ 1 , φ 2 , …, φ m , ¦φ m + 1 ,…, φ n ,…} . It was shown that this method is equivalent to the method of weighted residuals when H 1 = H ∗ (the adjoint of H). The results are applied to obtain convergence proofs of some numerical methods for solving several classes of Cauchy singular integral equations whose kernels are only square integrable.
The surgical management of pediatric brain tumors causing epilepsy: consideration of the epileptogenic zone

Children suffering from epilepsy with suspected low-grade tumors may benefit from a surgical approach that considers the epileptogenic zone, which can be more extensive than the tumor region. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of epilepsy in children undergoing supratentorial tumor resection and the factors predictive of postoperative seizure freedom in children with low-grade tumors. Subjects 3 months to 21 years undergoing supratentorial brain tumor resection between 2007 and 2011 were included in this retrospective study. Children with supratentorial, cortically based tumors and a preoperative diagnosis of epilepsy were considered epilepsy surgery candidates. Pre- and postoperative MRI were reviewed and scored for extent of resection, adjacent dysplasia, and remaining abnormal cortex postoperatively. The prevalence of seizures in all cases of supratentorial tumors was 46/87 (53 %). Eighteen were epilepsy surgery candidates. Eight of 18 (44 %) were seizure-free postoperatively with a mean follow-up of 39 months. Children who were seizure free postoperatively had tried fewer anticonvulsants than those with continued seizures (1.7 v. 2.9, p = 0.01). Presurgical evaluation was nonstandardized, and a more extensive workup and resection were performed in children who continued to have seizures postoperatively. All epilepsy surgery candidates had low-grade tumors on histological evaluation, indicating that a surgical approach that takes into consideration the epileptogenic zone is reasonable in this population. Gross total resection should be the goal, with additional attention to resection of the epileptogenic zone when located in the noneloquent cortex.
“Statistical helicity invariant” and decay of inertial turbulence

Abstract A new (“three-range-spectrum”) model is suggested for freely evolving homogeneous turbulence with high Reynolds numbers, in connection with the recently shoen (approximate) conservation of the density of mean-square helicity. The corresponding power law of energy decay is slower than in conventional two-range models.
The Deification of The State

It is a Common heritage of English and American liberals to denounce state absolutism, to deny it as regimentation, paternalism, etc. etc. Indeed, Englishmen and Americans have always been inclined to adopt a condescending attitude towards other traditions which seemed to exalt state power. French and German, Russian and Italian tendencies have in turn been pictured as “naturally” inclined toward state “absolutism,” and when anyone in rebuttal mentioned Hobbes or Bentham or Austin, the “exceptional” position of these thinkers has been emphasized. Still, can there be any question that the idea of the state as an ultimate source of authority has been as strong in Great Britain as anywhere? For reasons which will become plainer in the course of the argument, English-writing thinkers have accordingly been in the vanguard of those who sought to construct the “state” as the “highest” of all human communities, thus following out the Aristotelian heritage. In spite of all the titter-tatter about national character, muddling through and the rest, the fact remains that Britain has provided us with the most radical, deep-laid expositions of an “absolute” state. This much admitted, one might add that the limited state also has found eloquent and epoch-making exponents in English-speaking lands. In short, the whole gamut of modern political philosophy has been most thoroughly expounded in English.
Relation between Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation and Cardiac Index: Nonlinearity and Normalization for Oxygen Uptake and Hemoglobin

The ability of mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO 2 ) monitoring to reflect changes in cardiac index (CI) with therapy in critically ill patients is unclear. To this end, SvO 2 and CI were measured before and during an infusion of enoximone and/or dobutamine in 30 patients with advanced heart failure. A nonlinear relationship was observed between SvO 2 and CI with the nonlinear correlation coefficient being 0.52. On normalizing for individual differences in hemoglobin and oxygen consumption, this correlation coefficient became 0.90. Further analysis of individual data was performed using linear regression, and the slopes and correlation coefficients were found to span a wide range (slope: −10.0 to 30.9 min-mVL, r: −0.27 to 0.99). However, the mean slope and correlation coefficient for patients with baseline CI and SvO 2 2 /L and 0.87, respectively, while those for the remainder of patients were only 3.1 min-m 2 /L and 0.42, respectively. Thus, the nonlinear correlation coefficient of the SvO 2 -CI relationship in a group of patients is dependent on the homogeneity of their oxygen consumption and hemoglobin concentration. Furthermore, the ability of SvO 2 to serve as a therapeutic indicator in any given patient is dependent on baseline SvO 2 and CI.
Analytical, asymptotic and numerical studies of liquid curtains and comparisons with experimental data

Abstract A mathematical model of liquid curtains falling under gravity is used to determine the liquid curtain geometry analytically, asymptotically, and numerically. The model accounts for gravity, surface tension, and pressure differences across the liquid curtain. The domain of validity of the analytical solution is determined as a function of the convergence parameter and Froude number. The convergence length is determined asymptotically for large and small values of the convergence parameter. An explicit fourth-order accurate Runge-Kutta method and a Newton-Raphson algorithm are used to solve the nonlinear equations governing the fluid dynamics of liquid curtains. The analytical, asymptotic, and numerical solutions are compared with four sets of experimental data. Good agreement between the solutions presented in this paper and experimental data is obtained for long curtains. For short curtains the discrepancies between the model predictions and experimental data are attributed to the meniscus and the adverse axial pressure gradient that develops near the liquid curtain convergence.
Catch Curves and Mortality Rates

Abstract The assumptions necessary to obtain a valid estimate of survival rate from a single catch curve are discussed. An example of the best estimate of survival rate and its variance is worked out for the case that age is known exactly for the entire sample. A test for validity of the model is illustrated. Methods of estimating the survival rate are also given when some age groups are combined, when an age-length key is used, and when only a segment of the catch curve is usable. A table is provided to facilitate the estimation in this last case.
Epistemic presumptions of authorship

The major concern of this paper is the cultural ramification of the bibliographic conception of "authorship." Beginning with Foucault's question "what is an author" and his notion of an author as a cultural phenomenon, the paper proceeds to examine the treatment of authorship in cataloging practices of two ancient cultures, the Greek and the Chinese, as well as in the modern Anglo-American cataloging standards from Panizzi's 91 rules to the draft of Resource Description and Access (RDA). An author, as the study shows, is constructed as part of the recognition of "a work" as an essential communicative social entity. All cataloging practices and standards examined, east or west, ancient or modern, exhibit a similar obsessive attitude toward the imposition of an author, be it only a name or a culturally identified entity responsible for the work. In fact, the study demonstrates that as far as cataloging is concerned authorship is the role that is represented rather than any true intellectual responsibility.
‘They are not like us and neither should they be’: issues of teacher identity for teachers of pupils with profound and multiple learning difficulties

This article analyses notions of teacher identity for a group of teachers of pupils with profound and multiple learning difficulties. Teacher identity is analysed from the perspective of the role it plays in supporting the teachers' ideas of being separate and different from their teaching colleagues in mainstream education. For some of the teachers this is manifested in an identity to a cause, which is deep rooted and complex. It is argued that teacher educators need to be aware of the potential influence of teacher identity when planning and delivering initial teacher training and continued professional development. This is particularly pertinent in a context of supporting greater shared professional identity between teachers who work in segregated and mainstream contexts. It is also argued that the development of the discourses of inclusion needs to take account of the complexities of these issues. Whilst engaged in a doctoral research project exploring teachers' views of how pupils with profound and m...
Ceramic Materials for Advanced Domes, Windows and Lasers

Ceramics are replacing single crystals in high power SSLs. Optical attenuation must be very low because of long optical path lengths though the gain material. Current ceramic laser material development in the US is reviewed.
Model dependent behaviour of pressure hypertrophied myocardium

Two animal models with contrasting responses to pressure overloading were used to determine whether cardiac dysfunction is a general property of pressure hypertrophied myocardium or a specific property of a particular model. Chronic progressive cardiac pressure overload was compared in ( a ) the left ventricle of the adult and aged spontaneously hypertensive rat, in which pressure overloading begins in the pup, and ( b ) the right ventricle of the adult cat, in which pressure overloading was initiated surgically in the kitten. Nine hypertensive and nine control rats were studied at 1 year of age, when hypertension is stable in this model; five hypertensive and five control rats were then studied at 2 years of age, when both groups of rats are beginning to show appreciable senile mortality. Systolic blood pressure was similarly increased in both hypertensive groups; compared with the normotensive control groups, the ratio of left ventricular to body weight was 36% and 76% higher in the 1 and 2 year old hypertensive groups respectively. During isotonic contractions of left ventricular papillary muscles the extent and velocity of shortening in muscles from the control and hypertensive rats in each group were the same, but shortening and relaxation times were prolonged in muscles from the hypertensive rats in both age groups. During isometric contractions developed tension and the rate of tension rise were the same throughout, but the time integral of active tension was increased in muscles from the hypertensive rats in both age groups. The ratio of oxygen consumption to either external work or developed tension was decreased in muscles from the hypertensive rats. In contrast to these data, previous data from the hypertrophied cat model showed reductions in both the velocity and the extent of isotonic shortening as well as in the rate and amount of isometric tension development, and prolongation of contraction was not observed. A similar but smaller decrease in the oxygen requirements of contraction was found in hypertrophied cat myocardium. These contrasting data suggest not only that pressure induced hypertrophy is more fully compensatory in the rodent model but, more importantly, that general conclusions derived from any particular animal model of hypertrophy may be inappropriate.
Translation initiation factor eIF3h targets specific transcripts to polysomes during embryogenesis

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) plays a central role in translation initiation and consists of five core (conserved) subunits present in both budding yeast and higher eukaryotes. Higher eukaryotic eIF3 contains additional (noncore or nonconserved) subunits of poorly defined function, including sub-unit h (eIF3h), which in zebrafish is encoded by two distinct genes (eif3ha and eif3hb). Previously we showed that eif3ha encodes the predominant isoform during zebrafish embryogenesis and that depletion of this factor causes defects in the development of the brain and eyes. To investigate the molecular mechanism governing this regulation, we developed a genome-wide polysome-profiling strategy using stage-matched WT and eif3ha morphant zebrafish embryos. This strategy identified a large set of predominantly neural-associated translationally regulated mRNAs. A striking finding was a cohort of lens-associated crystallin isoform mRNAs lost from the eif3ha morphant polysomes, revealing a mechanism by which lens development is translationally controlled. We show that both UTR sequences of a targeted crystallin transcript are necessary but not sufficient for translational regulation by eif3ha. Therefore, our study reveals the role of a noncore eIF3 subunit in modulating a specific developmental program by regulating translation of defined transcripts and highlights the potential of the zebrafish system to identify translational regulatory mechanisms controlling vertebrate development.
Some Simplifying Results on BLUEs

Abstract When the error covariance matrix, V, for the model , is nonsingular it is known that the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) of is , in which M+ represents the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse. When V is singular this does not generalize to . This paper discusses approaches to finding blues. Simple proofs and new results are presented, primarily based on a study of the equation blue , where w′Y is a proper random variable and a is a scalar constant.
Do impression management scales in personality inventories predict managerial job performance ratings

Theorists have argued that impression management scales should predict job performance in jobs where interpersonal interactions are important. This research examined the correlation between impression management scale scores and overall job performance as well as its component dimensions for managerial jobs (one type of job requiring considerable interpersonal interaction). First, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between impression management scale scores and overall managerial performance. Results indicated that the correlation was .04 (k = 17, N = 20,069) for managers. Two additional studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between impression management and specific facets or dimensions of managerial performance. In one of these two studies, the relationships between impression management scores and supervisory ratings on 24 performance facets were investigated for 826 managers. Criterion-related validities ranged from -.06 to .07. In the second study, correlations of an impression management scale with ratings on 22 dimensions of performance were examined using a sample of 257 executives. The validities ranged from .01 to .11. There appears to be little evidence that impression management scales predict job performance in at least one job category where interpersonal interactions are important (management). Potential relevance of these results for understanding social desirability in personality measurement for personnel selection is discussed.
Addressing issues in letter recognition.

The present research strategy utilizes factorial designs, functional measurement, testing of mathematical models and strong inference in the study of letter perception. To test the viability of this framework, subjects judged a number of ambiguous letters, varying between Q and G, in both a rating and discrete choice task. The letters were created by varying features of openness in the oval and the obliqueness of the straight line. Experimental and theoretical tests on the results indicate that multiple sources of featural information simultaneously contribute to the perception of letters. The features provide continuous rather than discrete information to an integration process and the evaluation of the information provided by one feature is independent of the nature of the other features. The integration process results in the least ambiguous letter feature contributing the most to the perceptual judgment. A fuzzy logical model developed in other domains, such as speech perception, provides a good description of exactly these phenomena.
Estimation of the binomial parameter, using an apriori hypothesis about its value

We study estimation of the parameter p of a r.v. x ∼ Bin(p,n) using the prior hypothesis that p equals a prepecified value Po when we entertain the possibility that Po is not the right value of p, which then could be any value in (0.1). We apply notions of Hodges and Lehmann (1952), Bickel (1984) and Berger (1982) to obtain (biased) estimators which do well under the hypothesis that p = po at a small price in maximum risk. A number of examples and comparisons are discussed at the end of the paper.
Angular distribution of Auger electrons emitted through the resonant transfer and excitation process following O5++He collisions.

This Letter reports the first measurements of the angular distribution of Auger electrons emitted from the decay of the (1s2s2${\mathit{p}}^{2}$${)}^{3}$D ${\mathrm{O}}^{4+\mathrm{*}\mathrm{*}}$ doubly excited state formed predominantly through resonant transfer and excitation (RTE) in collisions of 13-MeV ${\mathrm{O}}^{5+}$ projectiles with He. The (1s2s2${\mathit{p}}^{2}$${)}^{3}$D angular distribution is strongly peaked along the beam direction, in agreement with recent calculations of the RTE angle-dependent impulse approximation. Furthermore, interference effects between the RTE and the elastic target direct-ionization channels are observed.
Theory of practice, rational choice, and historical change

If we are to believe the proponents of the Theory of Practice and of Rational Choice, the gap between these two paradigmatic approaches cannot be bridged. They rely on ontological premises, theories of motivations and causal models that stand too far apart. In this article, I argue that this theoretical antinomy loses much of its edge when we take as objects of sociological investigation processes of historical change, that is, when we try to specify in theoretical terms how and in which conditions historical actors enact and endorse shifts in patterns of relations as well as shifts in the symbolic and cognitive categories that make these relations significant. I substantiate this argument in light of the distinction between two temporalities of historical change: first, the long waves of gradual change and, second, the short waves of moments of breaks and ruptures. Along the way, I develop an argument about the conditions of emergence of self-limiting norms and the centrality of epistemic beliefs in situations of high disruption.
Reconstructing the Roman Republic: An Ancient Political Culture and Modern Research

By Karl-J. Holkeskamp. Translated by Henry Heitmann-Gordon (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010), xiv + 189 pp. $35.00/£24.95 cloth.It is unclear what prompted Princeton University Pres...
How can we determine the two-body t-matrix

We start with an assumed shape for the wavefunction of the ground state of the two-nucleon system. This wavefunction gives us the residue of thet-matrix at the bound-state pole-and using the unitary pole approximation (UPA) provides a good extrapolation procedure for other off-shell values of thet-matrix. (E. Harms has verified the accuracy of the UPA using the anti-bound state for theReid soft-core singlet potential.) We now face the problem: what bound-state wavefunction should we assume? In the next several years it should be possible to determine the deuteron wavefunction experimentally, by measuring elastic electron-deuteron scattering from polarized deuterons, or equivalently by measuring the polarization of the recoil deuteron. (The wavefunction at large neutron-proton separation should also be checked by using it in the Schrodinger equation to give a local potential which should agree well with that for one pion exchange.) Angular distribution measurements provide a separation of the deuteron form factor into a charge form factor and a magnetic moment form factor. Polarization measurements separate the charge form factor into a monopole form factorG 0 and a quadrupole form factorG 2.T. Brady has found that values ofG 2(q) at momentum transfersq of order 3F −1 are quite sensitive to the percentage ofD-state (p D) in the deuteron. At present the lack of knowledge ofpD is the main source of uncertainty in calculation of the energy of the trinucleon.
Production of monospecific antiserum to a cytosolic epoxide hydrolase from human liver

A method for the purification to apparent homogeneity of cytosolic trans-stilbene oxide hydrolase from human liver is presented. The method employed ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. From 50 g of human liver, 4.9 mg of homogenous enzyme protein was obtained. Although the enzyme had lost much of its catalytic activity during purification, it was nevertheless suitable for the preparation of antibodies to the enzyme. Only one immunogenic species was present in the antigen preparation, but some antibodies that were cross-reactive to sites on catalase were present in the antiserum. These catalase-specific antibodies were removed by immunoaffinity chromatography, and an IgG fraction that is monospecific to the cytosolic epoxide hydrolase was obtained. The usefulness of antibodies to this enzyme in immunoblotting experiments, following either sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or isoelectric focussing, as well as in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, is demonstrated.
Sex of a Case History and the DSM-III Diagnosis of Depression.

Selected a brief, written case history of Major Depression, without melancholia, single episode from the DSM-III Case Book (Spitzer, Skodol, Gibbon, & Williams, 1981) and mailed to 369 male psychiatrists and male psychologists in the Midwest. One-half of the clinicians were sent the psychiatric case in its true form, a depressed male, and the other half were sent the case in an altered form, a depressed female. A 32% return resulted in 90 usable diagnoses. The results found no significant differences between psychiatrists and psychologists in diagnosis. The sex of the case did not affect significantly the agreement of diagnosis with the Case Book, the difficulty of the case, or the ratings of stressors or adaptive level of functioning. Sex of the case had no effect on the suggested length of treatment or the recommendation of drug treatment. It was found that clinicans agreed with the Case Book on the major diagnosis. However, the clinicians were not in agreement with the Case Book on the subcategory or the five-digit subtype. Results are discussed in terms of the effect of sex of the client on diagnosis and the new DSM-III Case Book and classification system.
Generalised impedance boundary conditions for EM scattering problems

Generalised impedance boundary conditions (GIBC) are derived for a planar, homogeneous, magnetic dielectric slab grounded by a perfect electric conducting plane. These boundary conditions, which are expressed in terms of linear differential operators of infinite order, reduce to the Weinstein boundary conditions in the limiting case of small thickness of the dielectric slab.
Pilot study of bortezomib for patients with imatinib-refractory chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic or accelerated phase

Abstract Background Proteasome inhibitors are anticancer compounds that disrupt the proteolytic activity of the proteasome and lead to tumor cell growth arrest and apoptosis. Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor that is currently approved for use in multiple myeloma (MM) and mantle-cell lymphoma. It induces apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells in vitro, but the activity of bortezomib in patients with imatinib-resistant CML is unknown. Methods We conducted a pilot trial to evaluate the activity of single-agent bortezomib in CML. Seven patients with imatinib-refractory CML were treated with bortezomib at a dose of 1.5 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 every 3 weeks. Results The median number of cycles received was 2. No patient had a hematologic or cytogenetic response. Three patients had a temporary decrease in basophil counts associated with therapy with bortezomib. Six patients experienced grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicities. Conclusion Bortezomib had minimal efficacy and considerable toxicity in patients with imatinib-refractory CML. Further studies should focus on alternative approaches to using proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of CML, such as in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or as a strategy to eradicate leukemic stem cells.
Solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of lipoxygenase pathway products.

Abstract Liquid chromatography methods for quantitation of leukotrienes and HETEs (hydroxyeicos-atetraenoic acids) in biological samples are described. Extraction is accomplished by acetonitrile precipitation of proteins followed by selective acetonitrile elution from a solid-phase C 18 extraction cartridge. Isocratic elution of extracts from short reverse-phase columns with 3 μm C 18 -bonded silica results in elution of all components of interest in less than 10 min. The addition of the mobile-phase additives, trifluoroacetic acid and triethylamine, enable the peptido-leukotrienes to be eluted with excellent peak shape and unique elution times. As little as 1 pmol of each metabolite can be detected by uv spectrophotometry with a wavelength change from 280 to 235 nm midway through the chromatographic run. This method is demonstrated by the extraction and analysis of leukotriene and HETE standards from human serum.
Structure of the {1120} inversion domain boundary in GaN

Abstract A possible structure for inversion domain boundaries lying in the {1 1 2 0} planes of wurtzite materials is presented. The formation energy of this defect is calculated for GaN using the local density approximation and first-principles pseudopotentials. The structure is generated by switching the chemical identity of Ga and N on one side of a (1 1 2 0) plane followed by a translation R = 1 2 [0 0 0 1] . The resulting model, denoted IDB∗-{1 1 2 0}, contains no Ga–Ga or N–N bonds. The translation vector R generating IDB∗-{1 1 2 0} is the same as that generating the IDB∗-{1 0 1 0} model determined previously for the (1 0 1 0) inversion domain boundary in GaN. Therefore, inversion domains extending along the c -axis may be enclosed by a mixture of IDB∗-{1 0 1 0} and IDB∗-{1 1 2 0} boundaries without the need for additional dislocations. The predicted formation energy (29 meV/A2) of the IDB∗-{1 1 2 0} boundary is greater by 4 meV/A2 than that of the IDB∗-{1 0 1 0} boundary. This higher energy is attributed to a greater density of fourfold rings on the (1 1 2 0) boundary.
A transportation algorithm and code

A FORTRAN II transportation code, using Kuhn's Hungarian Method, was reported upon at the RAND Symposium on Mathematical Programming in March 1959. The algorithm was based upon a proof of the Konig-Egervary theorem, presented by the present author at the 1958 Symposium on Combinatorial Problems sponsored by the American Mathematical Society. The code was entirely rewritten (in FORTRAN II), during the 1959 IBM Summer Institute on Combinatorial Problems, and several problems were run at the IBM Research Center to obtain data regarding computing times and frequencies of various internal loops. A CLOCK Subroutine yields readings, in hundredths of minutes, for each time through selected portions of the computing run. The version reported upon at RAND solved a 29 × 116 pseudorandom transportation problem in 8.01 min, as compared with 3.17 min using the fastest competing code (SHARE 464) then available. The present version solved this same problem in 2.87 min, and another 29 × 116 problem in 1.89 min. This paper presents the algorithm and reports upon computing experience.
Poets House Showcase: selected titles 2011

Purpose – Poets House, a poetry special collection in New York, hosts an annual exhibit of the preceding year's poetry publications in the USA. This paper aims to offer a selection of recommended titles that reflect the range of poetry titles including single‐author works, anthologies, and prose about poetry.Design/methodology/approach – The paper researched and requested donations of 2010‐2011 poetry titles from US poetry publishers to assemble and display a comprehensive collection of poetry publications, from which a selection of 50 titles was made. The selections should appeal to a range of poetry readers, from novices and students to poets looking to access the latest work from their peers.Findings – Over 2,500 poetry titles were published and/or available to readers in the USA between June 2010 and June 2011. These titles range from mainstream publishers to independent presses to artists' collectives publishing works from established poets as well as emerging and international poets.Research limitat...
Eulerian¿Lagrangian simulations of liquid¿gas¿solid flows in three-phase slurry reactors

Abstract A Eulerian–Lagrangian computational model for simulations of gas–liquid–solid flows in three-phase slurry reactors is developed. In this approach, the liquid flow is modeled using a volume-averaged system of governing equations, whereas motions of bubbles and particles are evaluated by the Lagrangian trajectory analysis procedure. It is assumed that the bubbles remain spherical and their shape variations are neglected. The two-way interactions between bubble–liquid and particle–liquid are included in the analysis. The discrete-phase equations include drag, lift, buoyancy, and virtual mass forces. Particle–particle interactions and bubble–bubble interactions are accounted for by the hard sphere model approach. Bubble coalescence is also included in the model. The predicted results are compared with the experimental data, and good agreement is obtained. The transient flow characteristics of the three-phase flow are studied and the effects of bubble size on variation of flow characteristics are discussed. The simulations show that the transient characteristics of the three-phase flow in a column are dominated by time-dependent staggered vortices. The bubble plume moves along the S-shape path and exhibits an oscillatory behavior. While particles are mainly located outside the vortices, some bubbles and particles are retained in the vortices. Bubble upward velocities are much larger than both liquid and particle velocities. In the lower part of the column, particle upward velocities are slightly smaller than the liquid velocities, while in the upper part of the column, particle upward velocities are slightly larger. The bubble size significantly affects the characteristics of the three-phase flows and flows with larger bubbles appear to evolve faster.
On a class of lacunary series in BMOA

Abstract In this paper we consider a special class of lacunary series and we characterize their membership in the BMOA of the unit ball of C n in terms of their Taylor coefficients. In addition, we show that a similar result holds for the class VMOA.
Effects of desired signal on the performance of a sidelobe canceller

The performance of a sidelobe canceller is studied in a communication system where the desired signal is continually present and its amplitude in the auxiliary antennas may be large (above thermal noise). In such a system to avoid the cancellation of the desired signal, one can use a reference signal and adjust the auxiliary antenna weights to minimize the error between the reference signal and the sidelobe canceller output or one can use a steering vector. It is shown that in spite of the reference signal or a steering vector, the presence of the desired signal in the auxiliary antennas degrades the interference suppression provided by a sidelobe canceller. The amount of degradation depends on the number of degrees of freedom, the strength of the various signals, and the angular resolution of the auxiliary antenna array. Signal scenarios involving a single interfering signal as well as those involving multiple interfering signals are considered. >
On the Elastic Stiffness of Grain Boundaries

The elastic softening of grain boundaries is evaluated from the starting point of grain boundary energy. Several examples are given to illustrate the relationship between boundary energy and the extent of softening. In general, a high grain boundary energy is associated with a large excess atomic volume in the boundary region. The consequent reduction in grain boundary stiffness can represent a significant fraction of that observed in bulk crystals. Die elastische Entfestigung von Korngrenzen wird ausgehend von der Korngrenzenenergie ermittelt. Zur Veranschaulichung der Beziehung zwischen der Korngrenzenenergie und dem Mas der Entfestigung werden einige Beispiele angegeben. Eine hohe Korngrenzenenergie ist im allgemeinen mit einem grosen Atomvolumenuberschus im Bereich der Korngrenze verbunden. Die daraus folgende Verminderung der Korngrenzensteifigkeit kann einen betrachtlichen Teil des Bulk-Wertes betragen.
Predictor and Moderator Effects of Ego Resilience and Mindfulness on the Relationship Between Academic Stress and Psychological Well-Being in a Sample of Ghanaian College Students

This study examined the predictor and moderator effects of ego resilience and mindfulness on the relationship between academic stress and psychological well-being in a sample of Ghanaian college st...
Detection of cytomegalovirus antibody in platelet concentrates by fluorescence immunoassay and latex agglutination.

A passive latex agglutination (PLA) test for cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody detection has been shown to be an acceptable method of screening both donor sera and plasma from units of red cells and platelets stored in CPDA-1. However, most plateletpheresis concentrates are collected in ACD, and CMV antibody testing of ACD-stored products has not been systematically evaluated by PLA. Sera and ACD-stored platelet concentrate bag segments from 104 donors were tested by PLA and by a solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay (FIAX) as a reference standard for CMV-IgM and CMV-IgG antibodies. Sera were stored at both 4 and 22 degrees C and were tested on Days 1 and 5 of storage; segments were tested daily for 5 days. Of 63 donor samples (61%) that tested negative for CMV-IgG by FIAX, there were two false-positive results in bag segments by PLA testing, one on Day 1 and the other on Day 2 of storage. PLA testing was consistently positive in sera and segments in the 40 donors (38%) who tested positive for CMV-IgG by FIAX. Potential false-negative PLA results occurred in five bag segments derived from one donor whose serum gave equivocal CMV-IgG results on FIAX. The sensitivity and specificity of the PLA assay were 100 percent for donor sera tested at both 4 and 22 degrees C and 91.5 and 98.4 percent, respectively, for platelet bag segment tests. Although no donors positive for CMV-IgM were identified, 15 (14.4%) had equivocal IgM anti- CMV test results. The PLA ositivity of these samples correlated solely with the presence or absence of lgG as detected by FIAX. A total of 648 PLA tests were performed on donor sera and on platelet bag segments. On1 two false-positive and five false-negative results were observed. PLA testing for CMb antibody in donor sera and in ACPstored platelet concentrates is accurate and sensitive for up to 5 days. Segments may be remed from platelet bags for testing throughout the May shelf life of plateletpheresis components and Will Still provide accurate CMV testing result.
A magnetic and crystallographic investigation of the La 1-x Ba x Mn 1 O 3 system

Mixed oxides in the binary LaMnO 3 -BaMno 3 system investigated for their crystallographic characteristics and for their paramagnetic properties. X-ray crystallography revealed the existence of a miscibility gap that is significantly wider than previously reported in this binary oxide system. In this two phase region, the magnitude of the magnetic moments extracted from the Curie-Weiss paramagnetism exhibited by these oxides were found to be consistent with previously reported results taken from saturation magnetization measurements at low temperatures. This suggests that both terminal solid solution oxide components of this two phase region are ordered ferromagnetically as a result of a positive indirect exchange interaction between Mn4+and Mn3+ions through an oxygen intermediary.
Pharmacologic stress echocardiography. Dobutamine and arbutamine stress testing.

Pharmacologic stress testing has emerged as an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation and management of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) who are unable to adequately perform physical exercise. In addition, pharmacologic stress testing has become an important adjunct in the assessment of selected patients prior to noncardiac surgery and in the evaluation of myocardial viability, hibernation, and valvular heart disease. Unlike exercise stress testing utilizing treadmill or bicycle stress, in which cardiac imaging is not always a necessary adjunct to the stress ECG, the use of a pharmacologic agent to stress the heart usually requires the use of some form of cardiac imaging to detect evidence of myocardial ischemia. Pharmacologic stress testing with vasodilators (dipyridamole and more recently adenosine) has been used extensively in conjunction with nuclear perfusion imaging. 64 More recently, pharmacologic stress echocardiography has become an accepted alternative to exercise testing and to pharmacologic stress testing with nuclear imaging. Many pharmacologic agents have been used for stress testing. Dipyridamole and adenosine are commonly used in Europe in combination with echocardiographic imaging. In the United States, dobutamine is the pharmacologic agent of choice for use with echocardiography. More recently, arbutamine (a synthetic catecholamine developed specifically as a pharmacologic stress agent) has been evaluated in combination with either nuclear perfusion or echocardiographic imaging and has received Food and Drug Administration approval as a pharmacologic stress agent.
Evaluation and Treatment of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Growth hormone treatment can provide benefits in body composition, bone, and quality of life in adults with confirmed growth hormone deficiency.
Convective Diffusion Near a Consolute Point

Abstract The equations for convective diffusion to a rotating disk are solved numerically for the case where a consolute point is found between the concentration in the bulk and that at the surface. A singularperturbation expansion is presented for the condition where the bulk concentration is nearly equal to the consolute-point composition. Results are compared to Levich's solution for constant properties and with his analysis of an experimental system.
Phonetic feature theory: The linguist, the speech scientist and the speech pathologist

In recent years the idea has caught on that the speech sound should no longer be regarded as the smallest unit of phonetic analysis but should instead be replaced by the feature. A speech sound may be regarded as a set of features, each related to some accepted parameter of speech (either articulatorg or acoustic), such as voicing or stridency. Phonetic features have generated a great deal of interest among linguists, psycholinguists, psychophysicists, researchers in speech perception and speech production, and speech and language pathologists. The feature concept has also generated its share of controversy. Speech scientists have criticized linguists for failing to incorporate correctly the findings of experimental phonetics into their theories (Lisker and Abramson, 1971), while linguists have criticized phoneticians for failing to recognize the abstract nature of phonological descriptions. Postal (quoted in Chomsky and Halle, 1968, p. 293) says: “The phonetic transcription is the most gross and superficial aspect of linguistic structure. It is the most important but far from the only parameter determining the actual acoustic shape of the tokens of the sentence.” While emphasizing the abstractness of linguistic constructs such as features and phonetic transcriptions, the claim is also made that these constructs have an immediate relevance to the linguistic performance of human beings: “The total set of features is identical with the set of phonetic properties that can in principle be controlled in speech; they represent the phonetic capabilities of man” (Chomsky and Halle, 1968, p. 294-295). While most researchers in speech and language pathology have found a feature framework valuable as a descriptive and even as a therapeutic tool (Menyuk, 1968; McReynolds and Huston, 1971; McReynolds and Bennett, 1972; Pollack and Rees, 1972), it has come under attack by Walsh (1974). Walsh’s position seems to be that since the constructs of linguistics do not correspond to physical reality, they are of no value to the investigator of speech phenomena. Walsh apparently believes
Delayed Coincidence Time Resolution: NaI(Tl)

For delayed coincidence experiments using NaI(Tl) scintillation counters, first photoelectron triggering (FPET) has been practicable since the advent of the RCA 8575. Using FPET, improved time resolution at low y ray energies was first demonstrated by Lynch, who also described his results by a model that fails to take into account the photomultiplier response. Using FPET, we have done systematic experiments from 6-511 keV for three different crystal sizes. We describe our results quantitatively by a simple model that takes into account the statistics of photoelectron production and the photomultiplier response, similar to El-Wahab and Kane. From the model calculations, we conclude that with present photomultipliers and NaI(Tl) scintillators, further improvements in resolution cannot be expected. The major difficulty is not the light output of NaI(Tl), but the single electron response of the photomultiplier.