cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Experiences of Black Police Officers Who Have Been Racially Profiled: an Exploratory Research Note

When Black police officers take off their uniform, do they become the target of racial profiling? The purpose of this paper is to report on how minority officers experience racial profiling when out of uniform. It is difficult to reject the accounts of police officers who say that they have been subjected to racial profiling because they, as experts in the field, well understand the policy, procedures, and intricacies of police work. Further, they have much to say about the implementation and continued harms enabled by the practice of profiling. While this work is exploratory in nature, we nonetheless illuminate the following themes: for those who have experienced profiling, there is considerable disbelief by the on duty officer that a Black individual is actually an officer when out of uniform; that Black officers are subject to the same historical racial stereotypes of criminality; and that officers (when out of uniform) are subject to being seen as “interlopers” in predominately “white spaces” and are apt to be aggressively confronted by citizens and police alike for violating these real and symbolic spaces.
Answering Damarin’s Call: How iOS Apps Approach Diversity, Equity, and Multiculturalism

In 1998, Suzanne Damarin put forward a call for technologists and multicultural educators to work together to create technologies that promote inclusiveness and equity for students. As significant technological advancements have happened along with major changes in educational policy over the past 20 years, this study set out to examine if Damarin’s call has been answered. In this article, the researchers first explain how they systematically identified a group of iOS applications designed for iPads and analyzed them for their design quality and content through a lens of diversity, equity, and multiculturalism. They then share their findings and offer implications before concluding with a response regarding the status of Damarin’s call.
Social Media Sentiment and Bank Loan Contracting

This study analyzes how social media affects bank loan contracting. Using a sample of 642 US bank loan contracts, we hypothesize that social media can enhance information dissemination and mitigate...
The Production of Ac-225.

Background The radionuclide 225Ac and its daughter 213Bi are among the most interesting alpha emitters being evaluated for incorporation into targeted therapeutic vectors. Global supply of 225Ac is presently insufficient to meet anticipated clinical demand, but the deficiency has been targeted by many research and development efforts, privately and publicly funded. From more than a decade of these endeavors, no single production technology has emerged as a complete solution. In the foreseeable future, global supply of 225Ac will continue to be sourced from a patchwork of production methods and laboratories with a range of radioisotopic purities and achievable yields. Objective and conclusion This manuscript attempts to present an overview of availability sources of 225Ac and production methods by which additional supplies might be made available to the community of clinical researchers seeking their application in the treatment of human disease.
A Knowledge-based Multi-media Database System for Skeletal Radiology

This paper describes our research toward the development a knowledge-based multimedia database system for bone age research. The prototype system is designed to allow users to query for information based on patient demographic profile, patient medical history, evolution constraints of the developing hand, image content, and fuzzy high-level terms and concepts. The major highlights of this work include: 1) object-oriented database management system, 2) graphical user interface for query formulation, 3) object-oriented data model which supports both traditional “Where-type” predicates and new object evolutionary and temporal predicates, and 4) cooperative query answering capabilities for intelligent query modification in the event of a null solution to the original query.
Increased Presence of Perineural Invasion in the Tongue and Floor of the Mouth: Could It Represent a More Aggressive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, or Do Larger Aggressive Tumors Cause Perineural Invasion?

Purpose Despite data showing worse outcomes and aggressive disease behavior, perineural invasion (PNI) has not been well characterized in terms of tumor location, histopathologic features, or cervical lymph node status. The specific aims of this study were to measure correlations between PNI, tumor location, and other known histopathologic characteristics used to define aggressive disease. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity who underwent neck dissection. We excluded patients whose neck was previously treated with surgery or radiation therapy. Demographic and histopathologic variables of interest were obtained from patient charts. The primary outcome of interest was PNI, and the predictors of interest included tumor location, histopathologic tumor characteristics, and cervical lymph node status. For continuous variables, mean differences were compared by t tests. For categorical variables, the differences in the distribution of the proportions were analyzed with the χ2 test. All variables were entered simultaneously into a multivariate logistic regression model to control for possible confounding. Statistical significance for the study was set at P Results Three hundred sixty-eight patients met the study criteria. PNI showed statistically significant correlations with lymph node status, tumor depth, and specific primary tumor location. PNI was more likely to be seen in tumors located in the tongue or floor of the mouth. Tumors with PNI had a deeper depth of invasion: 15.9 ± 10.9 mm versus 10.2 ± 10.0 mm (P Conclusions PNI is statistically correlated with tongue and floor-of-the-mouth subsites within the oral cavity, as well as larger tumors, deeper tumors, and disease that has progressed to the lymph nodes. Whether this correlation represents causation in either direction remains unknown.
Abstract LB-228: Noninvasive profiling of molecular dynamics in patients receiving HER2 targeted therapies by cell-free DNA analysis

Background: The ERBB2/HER2 gene has long been known as an important oncogene in human cancer. Overexpression of HER2 influences the development of various cancers, and amplification of the gene is often found in aggressive forms of breast cancer, leading it to be an important biomarker in many targeted therapies. The goal of our study is to (i) detect the presence of HER2 amplification in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using two approaches: shallow Whole Genome Sequencing (sWGS) and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Methods: Tumor biopsy DNA from 3 patients was collected from surgeries performed either at diagnosis, disease progression, or relapse prior to enrollment on the trial. Plasma and matched control (buffy coat) were collected from patients before treatment (baseline) and at disease progression. The time of collection between tumor and baseline plasma was 71-913 days. Tumor specimens were analyzed using MSK-IMPACT, a comprehensive 468 gene platform, while plasma cfDNA and matched buffy coat DNA was analyzed using sWGS, ddPCR (using an assay previously reported that detection HER2 amplification by targeting regions on HER2 and a reference region 17q21.31), and a deep targeted sequencing assay that interrogate 60 frequent cancer drivers. Results: MSK-IMPACT revealed HER2 amplifications (1.5-15.4 fold) in all tumor samples. DdPCR analysis revealed HER2 amplification in all matched plasma samples (1.25-29.82). SWGS analysis of cfDNA detected HER2 amplifications in 5 of the 6 samples (2 baseline and all progression), and missed in one sample, which later confirmed to have the lowest low mutant allele fraction (MAF) among all samples analyzed: deep targeted sequencing analysis of that particular sample reveals a APC X215 mutation at 3% at baseline which later increased to 25% at disease progression, accompanied by the detection of HER2 amplification. In that particular patient, deep sequencing data reveal distinct dynamics of TP53, APC and PIK3CA, indicating the underlying tumor molecular evolution is highly heterogeneous. Conclusions: These results confirm that the detection of gene amplification in cfDNA is dependent on both the magnitude of amplification and the amount of tumor-derived MAF in the particular plasma sample. Noninvasive analysis of cfDNA allows the tracking of gene amplification and the dynamics of multiple cancer drivers during targeted therapies. Citation Format: Erika Gedvilaite, Caitlin Stewart, Julie Yang, Jonathan Reichel, Dennis Stephens, Michael D. Offin, Xiaohong Jing, Fanli Meng, Daoqi You, Michael F. Berger, Bob Li, Dana WY Tsui. Noninvasive profiling of molecular dynamics in patients receiving HER2 targeted therapies by cell-free DNA analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-228.
Considerations in Male Overactive Bladder

Overactive bladder (OAB) and storage lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are highly prevalent in men and may present alone, or in the setting of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). If the symptoms are not highly bothersome, initial treatment may be conservative and focused on behavioral modification. In those men with predominantly voiding LUTS and/or evidence of BOO, treatment will be aimed at reducing bladder outlet resistance either pharmacologically or surgically. In those men with predominantly bothersome storage LUTS and low post-void residual urine volume, further treatment is aimed at increasing bladder capacity and reducing detrusor overactivity. This is initially accomplished with pharmaceutical agents, with surgical measures reserved for those with treatment failure or significant medication-related side effects. For those men with both bothersome storage and voiding LUTS, combination therapy has been shown to be both effective and safe. Despite deficits in our understanding of the pathophysiological connection between BOO and OAB, as well as often insufficient data to support a particular treatment regimen, the treatment options for LUTS are largely effective and safe. As with any condition, more conservative options should be attempted first, and further treatment can be tailored to the individual patient.
The event-level impact of one's typical alcohol expectancies, drinking motivations, and use of protective behavioral strategies.

Abstract Introduction Much of the past research on the excessive consumption of alcohol by college students has focused on the interplay of individual factors and typical drinking patterns, but this is not adequate to understand behavior as it occurs. The need to understand drinking at the event-level is critical in order to develop event-level prevention. To this end, this study examined a conceptual model of college students’ drinking events in order to determine the potential mediating effect of drinking motives and protective behavioral strategies (PBS) in the relationship between alcohol expectancies and event-level alcohol use and consequences. Methods An existing data set containing information about 2279 college student drinking events were analyzed for this study. Students completed surveys during the administration of a commercial online alcohol course during 2010 and 2011. A theoretical model was analyzed with structural equation modeling. Results Both typical use of PBS and drinking motives mediated the relationship between expectancies and event-level alcohol use and problems. Positive expectancies were associated with greater positive motives, greater motives were associated with less use of PBS, and less PBS use was then, in turn, associated with higher event-level intoxication. Lastly, higher intoxication was associated with more serious consequences during the event. Conclusion This is the first study to simultaneously explore the relationship between these factors and event-level drinking. There is a great need to continue to further explore the dynamic nature of drinking at the event-level to illuminate potential leverage points amendable to change.
Soil Moisture Estimation by Linear Regression from Smap Polarimetric Radar Data with Aquarius Derived Coefficients

Algorithms for soil moisture estimation from radars conventionally use substantial amounts of ancillary data to parametrize complex electromagnetic models. In contrast, we describe radar data of a vegetated scene as a linear function of soil moisture. This eliminates the dependence on ancillary data while providing reasonable global soil moisture estimates. We derive two polarization dependent coefficients of a linear model on the basis of spatial and temporal similarity at a global scale from nearly 4 years of L-band Aquarius radar and radiometer derived soil moisture data. These global coefficients are then used to derive soil moisture from 2.5 months of L-band SMAP radar data. The resulting soil moisture estimates are evaluated with the SMAP Level 2 radiometer-only soil moisture product.
Switchable Bulk-Acoustic-Wave Transducers on a GaN-MMIC Platform

We present thin-film bulk-acoustic resonators (FBARs) fabricated on a GaN-MMIC stack. The electromechanical transduction efficiency of these resonators can be tuned using the two-dimensional electron gas at the AlGaN/GaN interface. The density of this electron gas can be switched by applying a relative bias voltage to the top electrode of the resonator, in a manner similar to a HEMTs. Switchable transduction is also demonstrated in electromechanically cascaded resonators, which are relevant for filtering applications. The transduction nonlinearity is investigated and shown to be primarily due to modulation of electron density at higher powers. Switchable MEMS resonators monolithically integrated with HEMTs can enable efficient programmable radios.
Performance of a new coaxial ion-molecule reaction region for low-pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry with reduced instrument wall interactions

Abstract. Chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) techniques have become prominent methods for sampling trace gases of relatively low volatility. Such gases are often referred to as being “sticky”, i.e., having measurement artifacts due to interactions between analyte molecules and instrument walls, given their tendency to interact with wall surfaces via absorption or adsorption processes. These surface interactions can impact the precision, accuracy, and detection limits of the measurements. We introduce a low-pressure ion–molecule reaction (IMR) region primarily built for performing iodide-adduct ionization, though other adduct ionization schemes could be employed. The design goals were to improve upon previous low-pressure IMR versions by reducing impacts of wall interactions at low pressure while maintaining sufficient ion–molecule reaction times. Chamber measurements demonstrate that the IMR delay times (i.e., magnitude of wall interactions) for a range of organic molecules spanning 5 orders of magnitude in volatility are 3 to 10 times lower in the new IMR compared to previous versions. Despite these improvements, wall interactions are still present and need to be understood. To that end, we also introduce a conceptual framework for considering instrument wall interactions and a measurement protocol to accurately capture the time dependence of analyte concentrations. This protocol uses short-duration, high-frequency measurements of the total background (i.e., fast zeros) during ambient measurements as well as during calibration factor determinations. This framework and associated terminology applies to any instrument and ionization technique that samples compounds susceptible to wall interactions.
Triple negative breast cancer in African American women: Disparity between women in New Orleans versus Louisiana.

e12501 Background: For years clinicians have made the empirical observation that there is an unusually high number of African American women (AAW) with triple-negative (Tneg) breast cancer (BC) in ...
Efficacy of Proximal Resin Infiltration on Caries Inhibition: Results from a 3-Year Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

This study reports 3-y outcomes of a split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Resin infiltration's capacity to arrest caries lesion progression in noncavitated proximal lesions is affirmed. Forty-two consented young adults, blinded to tooth surface allocation, were treated with resin infiltration on 1 randomly selected surface and concurrently experienced a mock infiltration procedure on another. Both treatments were provided as an adjunct to the currently accepted standard-of-care regimen (periodic prophylaxis and serial fluoride varnish applications) appropriate for the management of high caries risk. Challenging periods of low oral hygiene compliance were expected. The primary outcome measure was 3-y radiographic lesion progression. Blinded investigators evaluated each study surface for lesion progression with a series of images obtained at intervals over the 3-y course of study. Proportions of progressing lesions were compared with McNemar's test. Twenty-nine noncavitated lesion pairs in permanent posterior teeth demonstrating caries penetrating into inner enamel or outer dentin were included in the analyses. No adverse events were reported. Radiographic progression was recorded in 4 of 29 infiltrated lesions (14%) and 14 of 29 control lesions (48%, P < .003). Adjunct resin infiltration demonstrated a high 3-y efficacy of 71% (relative risk reduction). The prevented fraction was 86% for infiltration versus 52% for controls. Resin infiltration was 100% successful in arresting caries progression in inner enamel lesions (E2) and 64% in outer dentin lesions (D1). Supplementary microinvasive resin infiltration is significantly more efficacious in reducing proximal lesion progression than management by standard noninvasive therapy alone. Long-term results may shed light on whether this represents the arrest or delay of the caries disease process (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01584024).
Ins1-Cre and Ins1-CreER Gene Replacement Alleles Are Susceptible To Silencing By DNA Hypermethylation

Targeted gene ablation studies of the endocrine pancreas have long suffered from suboptimal Cre deleter strains. In many cases, Cre lines purportedly specific for beta cells also displayed expression in other islet endocrine cells or in a subset of neurons in the brain. Several pancreas and endocrine Cre lines have experienced silencing or mosaicism over time. In addition, many Cre transgenic constructs were designed to include the hGH mini-gene, which by itself increases beta-cell replication and decreases beta-cell function. More recently, driver lines with Cre or CreER inserted into the Ins1 locus were generated, with the intent of producing β cell-specific Cre lines with faithful recapitulation of insulin expression. These lines were bred in multiple labs to several different mouse lines harboring various lox alleles. In our hands, the ability of the Ins1-Cre and Ins1-CreER lines to delete target genes varied from that originally reported, with both alleles displaying low levels of expression, increased levels of methylation compared to the wild-type allele, and ultimately inefficient or absent target deletion. Thus, caution is warranted in the interpretation of results obtained with these genetic tools, and Cre expression and activity should be monitored regularly when using these lines.
Plastic surveillance: Payment cards and the history of transactional data, 1888 to present:

Modern payment cards encompass a bewildering array of consumer technologies, from credit and debit cards to stored-value and loyalty cards. But what unites all of these financial media is their con...
The intergenerational transmission of relationship attributions

This study explores the possibility that attributions in close relationships are transmitted intergenerationally. Using structural equation modeling with 380 intact families, we found chat the relationship between parent attributions regarding an adolescent child and the adolescent's attributions regarding a sibling is mediated by the level of observed negative behavior the parents direct toward the adolescent. Parent attributions of intent for adolescent misbehavior are related to increasing negativity in parents' behavior, even after controlling for the adolescent's observed behavior. Parents' negative behavior is related to increases in adolescent negative attributions regarding a sibling, even after controlling for the sibling's observed behavior. Tests of causal direction reveal that parent attributions and parent behavior
Actual Causes of Death in Relation to Media, Policy, and Funding Attention: Examining Public Health Priorities

Despite numerous public health advancements over the last century, we continue to under-invest in prevention and public health efforts. As a result, one of the most challenging aspects of public health is prioritizing the use of limited resources. Building on the foundation of previous researchers, the goal of this exploratory study was to provide current estimates for the actual causes of death, media attention, policy focus, and research funding in the United States. In addition, we sought to calculate and compare media attention, policy attention, and research funding trends to better assess the nation's prioritization of health issues. Using a systematic approach, we searched available databases, including Media Cloud, Nexis Uni, Congress.gov, and the Department of Health and Human Services Tracking Accountability in Government Grants System from January 1, 2010-December 31, 2019 and compared how the actual causes of death in the United States align with health-related media attention, policy attention, and federal spending. Overall, our findings suggest that our priorities are not well-aligned with the actual causes of death. Certain actual causes appear to be consistently misaligned across media, legislative, and financial sectors (e.g., tobacco). This work highlights the importance of multiple strategies-media coverage, national legislation, and government spending-as indicators of public health attention and priorities. These results may inform discussions about how to best allocate U.S. public health resources to better align with the actual causes of death.
Neonatal Resuscitation: A Blended Learning Curriculum for Medical and Physician Assistant Students.

Introduction Demonstration of competence in neonatal resuscitation is critical for health care providers who provide newborn care because each year, approximately 400,000 (10%) newborns require res...
Blood Culture Results and Overtreatment Associated With the Use of a 1-Hour Sepsis Bundle.

Abstract Background Some experts recommend using a 1-h sepsis bundle, but clinical data supporting this strategy are lacking. Objectives We aimed to determine the rate of, and clinical predictors for, bacteremia for patients undergoing a 1-h sepsis bundle, and to determine the percentage of “code sepsis” patients who are ultimately diagnosed with sepsis or a bacterial infection. Methods This retrospective chart review evaluated code sepsis patients from three emergency departments (EDs) that utilize a 1-h sepsis bundle. The primary outcome was the rate of true-positive blood cultures. Secondarily, we analyzed various clinical factors using logistic regression analysis to determine which are associated with bacteremia. Results Of the 544 code sepsis patients analyzed, 33.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29.9–38.0%) were ultimately diagnosed with sepsis, and 54.6% (95% CI 50.3–58.8%) were diagnosed with a bacterial infection. Exactly 7.0% (95% CI 5.0–9.5%) of the blood cultures performed were true positives. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, temperature > 38°C (100.4°F) or 4 mmol/L, and indwelling line/device were found to be positively associated with true-positive blood cultures. Conclusion In a group of code sepsis patients from facilities that use a 1-h sepsis bundle, the majority were ultimately not diagnosed with sepsis, and nearly half did not have a bacterial infection. A small minority of patients had bacteremia. Restricting blood culture ordering in patients with possible sepsis to only those who have increased risk for bacteremia could lead to a more judicious use of blood cultures.
Dot1L methyltransferase activity is a barrier to acquisition of pluripotency but not transdifferentiation

The ability of pluripotent stem cells to be poised to differentiate into any somatic cell type is partly derived from a unique chromatin structure that is depleted for transcriptional elongation associated epigenetic modifications, primarily H3K79 methylation. Inhibiting the H3K79 methyltransferase, Dot1L, increases the efficiency of reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) most potently at the mid-point of the process. Surprisingly, despite the enrichment of H3K79me2 on thousands of actively transcribed genes, Dot1L inhibition (Dot1Li) results in few changes in steady state mRNA levels during reprogramming. Dot1Li spuriously upregulates genes not involved in pluripotency and does not shutdown the somatic program. Depletion of the few genes that are downregulated, such as Nfix, enhances reprogramming efficiency in cooperation with Dot1Li. Contrary to the prevalent view, Dot1Li promotes iPSC generation beyond early phases of reprogramming such as the mesenchymal to epithelial transition and from already epithelial cell types including keratinocytes. Significantly, Dot1L inhibition does not enhance lineage conversion to neurons or muscle cells. Taken together, our results indicate that H3K79me is not a universal barrier of cell fate transitions but specifically protects somatic cells from reverting to the pluripotent state.
A Contrarian History of Early Electric Power Distribution [History]

This article is reprinted from the “Scanning the Past” column in the April 2018 issue of Proceedings of the IEEE (vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 768–778). I am pleased that Dr. Adam Allerhand provided permission to republish this excellent article with refreshing viewpoints on the history of early electrification and electric power transmission. While researching these topics, I discovered his article and knew it would be a welcome addition to the IEEE Industry Applications Magazine “History” column.
Outcome and risk factors of failures associated with revision total hip arthroplasty for recurrent dislocation

Recurrent dislocation represents the third most common cause of revision surgery after total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, there is a paucity of information on the outcome of revision total hip arthroplasty for recurrent dislocation. In this study, we investigated (1) clinical outcomes of patients that underwent revision THA for recurrent dislocation, and (2) potential risk factors associated with treatment failure in patients who underwent revision total hip arthroplasty for recurrent dislocation. We retrospectively reviewed 211 consecutive cases of revision total hip arthroplasty for recurrent dislocation, 81 implanted with a constrained liner and 130 with a non-constrained liner with a large-diameter femoral head (> 32 mm). Patient- and implant-related risk factors were analyzed in multivariate regression analysis. At 4.6-year follow-up, 32 of 211 patients (15.1%) underwent re-revision surgery. The most common causes for re-revision included infection (14 patients) and dislocation (10 patients). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrates a 5-year survival probability of 77% for patients that underwent revision THA for recurrent dislocation. Osteoporosis, obesity (BMI ≥ 40), spine disease and abductor deficiency are independent risk factors for failure of revision surgery for recurrent dislocation. Liner type (constrained vs. non-constrained) was found not to be associated with failure of revision THA for recurrent dislocation (p = 0.44). This study suggests that THA revision for recurrent dislocation is associated with a high re-revision rate of 15% at mid-term follow-up. Osteoporosis, obesity (BMI ≥ 40) spine disease and abductor deficiency were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for failure of revision THA for recurrent dislocation. Level III, case–control retrospective analysis.
Event-Driven Receding Horizon Control of Energy-Aware Dynamic Agents For Distributed Persistent Monitoring.

This paper addresses the persistent monitoring problem defined on a network where a set of nodes (targets) needs to be monitored by a team of dynamic energy-aware agents. The objective is to control the agents' motion to jointly optimize the overall agent energy consumption and a measure of overall node state uncertainty, evaluated over a finite period of interest. To achieve these objectives, we extend an established event-driven Receding Horizon Control (RHC) solution by adding an optimal controller to account for agent motion dynamics and associated energy consumption. The resulting RHC solution is computationally efficient, distributed and on-line. Finally, numerical results are provided highlighting improvements compared to an existing RHC solution that uses energy-agnostic first-order agents.
Distribution of human papilloma virus 16 in oral sites affected by squamous cell carcinoma

Objectives Studies have indicated that cases of HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the oropharynx and the oral cavity are on the rise. However, the distribution of human papilloma virus (HPV) in different sites of the oral cavity affected by oral SCC (OSSC) has not been well characterized. The present study was designed to investigate the anatomic sites of HPV-16 infection associated with OSCC in the oral cavity and correlate HPV-16 positivity with tumor suppressor gene expression and clinical/pathologic features of OSCC. Methods The archives of oral pathology at the University of Florida College of Dentistry were accessed for demographic, clinical, and histologic data of 97 OSCC cases, and their histologic slides were obtained under the approved institutional review board protocol. Histologic specimens were stained for HPV-16 by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the positive samples were further analyzed for HPV DNA by in situ hybridization (ISH). Results Ninety-seven patients with OSCC comprising 53 (54.63%) males and 44 (45.36%) females with ages ranging from 40 to 95 years were included. Twenty (20.6%) had a history of smoking, and 16 (16.49%) drank alcohol; the information for the rest of the sample was unavailable. The oral sites of OSCC include the following: gingiva 34 (35%), palate 25 (25.77%), tongue 16 (16.49%), buccal mucosa 14 (14.43%), and floor of the mouth 8 (8.24%). The degree of OSCC differentiation showed 34 (35%) for well differentiated, 32 (32.98%) for moderately differentiated, and 31 (31.95%) for poorly differentiated. Of 14 p16-positive cases detected by IHC (14.43%), 12 (85%) were positive for ISH specific for HPV DNA. The tongue and the palate showed the highest prevalence of HPV-related OSCC (4 of 16 [25%] and 6 of 25 [24%], respectively), followed by the gingiva (4 of 34 [12%]). Strong positivity for p16 detected by IHC and HPV DNA by ISH was found in well and moderately differentiated OSSC (7 of 34 [20%] and 5 of 32 [15%], respectively). Conclusions Our study identified 14% of cases of OSCC to be associated with HPV, with the tongue and the palate being the most prevalent sites. This finding may indicate that the route of the viral transmission for OSCC may be similar to the one associated with oropharyngeal cancer.
Examining the Timeliness of ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Transfers.

Introduction: Despite large-scale quality improvement initiatives, substantial proportions of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) transferred to percutaneous coronary intervention centers do not receive percutaneous coronary intervention within the recommended 120 minutes. We sought to examine the contributory role of emergency medical services (EMS) activation relative to percutaneous coronary intervention center activation in the timeliness of care for patients transferred with STEMI.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of interfacility transfers from emergency departments (ED) to a single percutaneous coronary intervention center between 2011–2014. We included emergency department (ED) patients transferred to the percutaneous coronary intervention center and excluded scene transfers and those given fibrinolytics. We calculated descriptive statistics and used multivariable linear regression to model the association of variables with ED time intervals (arrival to electrocardiogram [ECG], ECG-to-EMS activation, and ECG-to-STEMI alert) adjusting for patient age, gender, mode of arrival, weekday hour presentation, facility transfers in the past year, and transferring facility distance.Results: We identified 159 patients who met inclusion criteria. Subjects were a mean of 59 years old (standard deviation 13), 22% female, and 93% White; 59% arrived by private vehicle, and 24% presented after weekday hours. EDs transferred a median of 9 STEMIs (interquartile range [IQR] 3, 15) in the past year and a median of 65 miles (IQR 35, 90) from the percutaneous coronary intervention center. Median ED length of stay was 65 minutes (IQR 51, 85). Among component intervals, arrival to ECG was 6%, ECG-to-EMS activation 32%, and ECG-to-STEMI alert was 49% of overall ED length of stay. Only 18% of transfers had EMS activation earlier than STEMI alert. ECG-to-EMS activation was shorter in EDs achieving length of stay ≤60 minutes compared to those >60 minutes (12 vs 31 minutes, P<0.001). Multivariable modeling showed that after-hours presentation was associated with longer ECG-to-EMS activation (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.05, P<0.001). Female gender (adjusted RR 0.81, P<0.001), prior facility transfers (adjusted RR 0.84, P<0.001), and initial ambulance presentation (adjusted RR 0.93, P = 0.02) were associated with shorter ECG-to-EMS activation.Conclusion: In STEMI transfers, faster EMS activation was more likely to achieve a shorter ED length of stay than a rapid, percutaneous coronary intervention center STEMI alert. Large-scale quality improvement efforts such as the American Heart Association’s Mission Lifeline that were designed to regionalize STEMI have improved the timeliness of reperfusion, but major gaps, particularly in interfacility transfers, remain. While the transferring EDs are recognized as the primary source of delay during interfacility STEMI transfers, the contributions to delays at transferring EDs remain poorly understood.
Acoustoelectric Surface Acoustic Wave Switch in An Epitaxial Ingaas on Lithium Niobate Heterostructure

This work presents a 3-Port acoustoelectric switch design for surface acoustic wave signal processing. Using a multistrip coupler, the input acoustic wave at Port 1 is split into two parallel and electrically cross-linked acoustoelectric delay lines where an applied voltage can alter the gain and attenuation in each delay line based on the voltage polarity. The switch is demonstrated using a 270 MHz Leaky SAW mode on an InGaAs on 41° Y-cut lithium niobate heterostructure. Applying a +40 V voltage pulse results in an IL of -12.5 dB and -57.5 dB in the gain and isolation switch paths, respectively. This leads to a 45 dB difference in signal strength at the output ports.
Scaffolding Human Rights Education

Human rights education (HRE) is mandated as an important vehicle for dissemination of human rights education in both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. While some nations and schools have incorporated some aspects of HRE, it has not been comprehensively or universally embedded at the primary, secondary or higher education levels. Reasons why are explored. Possible explanations include variability of HRE, lack of teacher training, inadequate knowledge of resources, lack of system support, cultural bias, and insufficient research on best-practices. Four tables provide online resources that teachers can access to assist them to incorporate HRE, for primary, secondary, higher education, and programs that aren’t HRE but are designed to promote pro-social student behaviors.
Targeting the androgen receptor signalling axis in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Castration resistance has been appreciated for decades, and several mechanisms theorising on this effect have been proposed. A rich pipeline of novel agents, including abiraterone and MDV3100, have provided proof of principle that novel agents targeting the AR signalling pathway with superior selectivity and activity than predecessors have yielded significant clinical benefit for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Our review provides an update in the development of several novel agents targeting the AR signalling pathway now in clinical testing, as well as review novel therapies in development with distinct mechanisms of action showing promising preclinical activity. • Despite undergoing local therapy with curative intent, 20-30% of patients with prostate cancer will ultimately development metastatic disease, leading to morbidity and mortality. • Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for men with metastatic prostate cancer results in transient clinical benefit, but ultimately, cancers progress despite castrate levels of serum testosterone, a clinical state classically referred to as 'hormone refractory' disease. • In this review, we examine mechanisms of resistance to ADT that have redefined our understanding of the more appropriately termed 'castration resistant' disease, and have paved the way for a new generation of therapeutics targeting the androgen signalling axis in advanced prostate cancer.
Increasing Extraterritorial Intrusion of European Union Authority into U.S. Business Mergers and Competition Practices: U.S. Multinational Businesses Underestimate the Strength of the European Commission from G.E.-Honeywell to Microsoft

In dealing with Europe in business matters, the U.S. has played a dominant role for many years. The Europe of today, however, is more united economically, socially, and politically than ever. The new order requires that U.S. corporate managers adopt a different attitude in dealing with the European Union (E.U.), which is steadily increasing its power. The genesis of increasing European power with respect to the U.S. began imperceptibly in 1957 with the signing of the initial Treaty of the European Economic Community (EEC Treaty or Treaty of Rome), and has culminated recently in a refinement of the supranational concept of the E.U. through the single monetary system instituted in twelve countries in 2002, the pending adoption of a European constitution, and the addition of ten additional Member States in 2004. Consequently, a more powerful entity is now being created in which there is an increasing extraterritorial intrusion of E.U. authority into U.S. business policies.
Effect of Temperature on the Distribution of Membrane Particles in Streptococcus faecalis as Seen by the Freeze-Fracture Technique

Abstract When cells of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 were incubated at temperatures above 10 C before being frozen for freeze-fracture, a random distribution of particles was observed on the outer fracture face of the freeze-cleaved cell membrane. However, when cells were incubated below 10 C before freezing, particleless patches were seen on this membrane surface. The size of the patches produced on chilling could be increased by centrifugation or by storing the chilled cells overnight at about 3 C. Patch formation appeared readily reversible, since the medium and large patches that formed on chilling could not be observed in cells warmed for 10 s at 25 C. However, during the transition from the patch to patchless state, smaller patches not seen in the chilled cells were observed. This suggested that the smaller patches might have been intermediate forms produced by the fragmentation of larger patches on warming.
A molecular dynamics study of prefreezing

Presented is work demonstrating for the first time prefreezing phenonema for a crystal-fluid simulation. A molecular dynamics simulation was undertaken using a two-phase crystal-fluid system of hard spheres in contact with a smooth hard wall. The walls bound the system in one dimension and their positions are allowed to fluctuate in order to maintain a constant normal pressure. Periodic boundary conditions are used in the other two dimensions. The simulation box dimensions, adsorption, and density profiles were monitored for various pressures and the results are reported herein. The adsorption was found to diverge as the system neared the coexistence pressure. Crystal layers were found to form at pressures well below that needed to form crystal in a bulk system.
Anticipating and Resisting the Temptation to Behave Unethically

Ethical dilemmas pose a self-control conflict between pursuing immediate benefits through behaving dishonestly and pursuing long-term benefits through acts of honesty. Therefore, factors that facilitate self-control for other types of goals (e.g., health and financial) should also promote ethical behavior. Across four studies, we find support for this possibility. Specifically, we find that only under conditions that facilitate conflict identification—including the consideration of several decisions simultaneously (i.e., a broad decision frame) and perceived high connectedness to the future self—does anticipating a temptation to behave dishonestly in advance promote honesty. We demonstrate these interaction patterns between conflict identification and temptation anticipation in negotiation situations (Study 1), lab tasks (Study 2), and ethical dilemmas in the workplace (Studies 3-4). We conclude that identifying a self-control conflict and anticipating a temptation are two necessary preconditions for ethi...
The Present Perfect as an Epistemic Modal

In a number of languages from various language families, the morphology of the present perfect or a form historically derived from the present perfect, expresses a particular evidential category, one that indicates the availability of indirect evidence for the truth of a proposition (the exact interpretation i s discussed in more detai l in the next two sections) . l The phenomenon, to which I give the name PERFECT OF EVIDENTIALITY (PE), i s i l lustrated in ( I ) :
Airline Crew Scheduling with Time Windows and Plane-Count Constraints

Airline planning consists of several problems that are currently solved separately. We address a partial integration of schedule planning, aircraft routing, and crew scheduling. In particular, we provide more flexibility for crew scheduling while maintaining the feasibility of aircraft routing by adding plane-count constraints to the crew-scheduling problem. In addition, we assume that the departure times of flights have not yet been fixed and we are allowed to move the departure time of a flight as long as it is within a given time window. We demonstrate that such a model yields solutions to the crew-scheduling problem with significantly lower costs than those obtained from the traditional model.
Haemodynamic depression by halothane is age-related in paediatric patients.

Summary The hypothesis that young infants are more sensitive to the haemodynamic depressant effects of halothane compared with older children was tested. One hundred and sixty unpremedicated, ASA physical status I or II paediatric patients without cardiac or pulmonary disease were divided into five age groups: term neonates, 1–6 months, 6–24 months, 2–6 years and 6–12 years. Anaesthetic induction was achieved with halothane in oxygen and air via mask. Vecuronium 0.1 mg·kg−1 was administered intravenously. During normocapnic manual ventilation by mask, endtidal halothane concentration was maintained at either 2×age-specific MAC (Method I) or 1.7% (Method II) in 20 patients in each age group for 10 min. In both Method I and Method II, systolic and mean blood pressure of term neonates and infants aged 1–6 months decreased significantly (P < 0.01) compared with other age groups. The results of this study demonstrate that neonates and young infants are more susceptible to haemodynamic depression during halothane anaesthesia than are older children, confirming clinical experience.
After-effects of job-related stress: Families as victims

In recent years, the unique stress experienced by those who do ‘people work’ has been acknowledged by the helping professions as a widespread problem and has been recognized by social scientists as a topic requiring systematic research. This paper begins by briefly reviewing research on the type of job stress experienced by workers in the helping professions. Then, a study of 142 police couples is reported, illustrating the effects of job stress on family life. In a survey study, police officers and their wives described family interactions. Officers who were experiencing stress, as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, were more likely to display anger, spend time off away from the family, be uninvolved in family matters, and to have unsatisfactory marriages. An examination of the coping patterns used to deal with the stress of police work highlights differences between coping strategies used by husbands versus wives.
Displacement Control of Hydraulic Pump with Servo System for Energy Saving

The worst problem we are facing in the hydraulic system is the serious loss of energy, due to bad matching between the power components and the actuators and the large pressure loss when oil flowing though the various hydraulic elements, especially in speed governing system. However, Servo pump which is introduced in this paper can cover the problems mentioned above finely. The most difficult thing is its mathematical modeling, in the paper, it is established according to the actual situation. Here, the modeling between servo valve and cylinder, between cylinder and pump are established respectively, then these are connected by geometry relationship, finally ,the whole modeling is completed.
Profit maximization for utility companies in an oligopolistic energy market with dynamic prices

Dynamic pricing and demand response are the key elements of the smart grid technologies. Utility companies can incentivize electricity customers to schedule their power hungry tasks during off-peak times of the day whereas demand response manages customers' electricity consumption in response to supply conditions or market prices. The reaction of consumers to dynamic prices creates a feedback system in the smart grid that motivates the utility companies to model the consumers' behavior in the process of determining the price. Letting the consumers select their provider of choice among multiple utility companies, may be modeled as a non-cooperative game. In this paper, we consider the process of determining dynamic electricity prices for electricity based on a modified Bertrand Competition Model of consumer behavior and in view of competition among multiple non-cooperative utility companies in an oligopolistic energy market. The proposed method maximizes the conservative estimate on the profit for each utility company. Results also demonstrate the effectiveness of the oligopolistic electrical market in decreasing the electricity cost to consumers.