cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Old School Crossings: Hip Hop in Teacher Education and Beyond.

This chapter discusses how to draw on hip hop as a culturally relevant tool for teaching educators and adult learners to read the word, the world, and the media.
Radon–Nikodým property and thick families of geodesics

Abstract Banach spaces without the Radon–Nikodým property are characterized as spaces containing bilipschitz images of thick families of geodesics defined as follows. A family T of geodesics joining points u and v in a metric space is called thick if there is α > 0 such that for every g ∈ T and for any finite collection of points r 1 , … , r n in the image of g , there is another u v -geodesic g ˜ ∈ T satisfying the conditions: g ˜ also passes through r 1 , … , r n , and, possibly, has some more common points with g . On the other hand, there is a finite collection of common points of g and g ˜ which contains r 1 , … , r n and is such that the sum of maximal deviations of the geodesics between these common points is at least α .
Structural characteristics of lifted turbulent-jet flames*

Instantaneous planar images of the CH4 concentration in a lifted turbulent-jet flame were obtained by collecting Raman-scattered light perpendicular to a thin sheet of laser light passing through the axis of the flame. The instantaneous images were averaged to obtain mean and fluctuating statistics and probability distributions of the CH4 concentration. The timeresolved planar images reveal flow and mixing structure information that is lost when timeaveraged point measurement techniques are used. Spatial variations in the time-averaged statistics and the effects of combustion on these quantities are interpreted in terms of structural characteristics of these flows. Based on the instantaneous images, two sources of turbulent fluctuations are identified: 1) large-scale movement of the interface separating unmixed fuel and air; and 2) smaller scale turbulent fluctuations that are superimposed on the largescale jet structure. Combustion heat release is found to have a significant effect on both the turbulence and mixing characteristics of these flows. The primary differences between a lifted flame and a nonreacting jet are a lower centerline decay rate of CH4, higher instantaneous gradients, and higher concentration fluctuations in the lifted flame. It is shown that the lower centerline decay rate of the CH4 concentration is due to the reduced mass entrainment rate of the central-fuel jet in the lifted flame. The higher rms fluctuations of CH4 in the flame are due to the combined effects of: 1) the generally higher CH4 concentrations along the centerline; 2) the steeper instantaneous CH4 gradients along the central jet boundaries; and 3) the larger turbulence scales in the mixing region.
Reconceptualizing Social Skills in Organizations: Exploring the Relationship between Communication Competence, Job Performance, and Supervisory Roles:

This study applies a three component model of communication competence (motivation, knowledge, and skill) within an organizational context and analyzes the relationship between job performance, pos...
Reduction in human urinary MHPG excretion by guanethidine: Urinary MHPG as index of sympathetic nervous activity

Abstract The norepinephrine metabolites methoxyhydroxyphenyl glycol (MHPG) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) were measured in the urine of hypertensive subjects before and during adminstration of guanethidine, a peripheral sympatholytic agent which does not cross the blood-brain barrier or deplete adrenal catecholamines. Dosages of guanethidine (1.2 mg/kg/day) sufficient to cause at least a 20 torr reduction in standing systolic blood pressure caused a mean 63% (maximum of 68%) reduction in urinary MHPG excretion (p=0.01) while only causing a mean 37% (maximum of 44%) reduction (p
Differential plant damage due to litterfall in palm-dominated forest stands in a Central Pacific atoll

Highdensitiesofpalmsarecommoninmanytropicalforests.Insomecases,thedominanceofpalmshasbeen associated with a depauperate understorey and high rates of native seedling mortality. A variety of different potential mechanisms has been suggested to explain the sustained palm dominance in the understorey and canopy of these forests. Working in a Cocos nucifera-dominated wet tropical forest at Palmyra Atoll in the central Pacific, we examine how litterfall from this pantropical, and economically important palm, impacts seedling survival. We compare rates of litterfall, and rates of litterfall-associated damage, between forest stands dominated by C. nucifera (coconut palm) and forest stands with low abundance of C. nucifera. To assess litterfall damage we survey damage to both artificial seedlings (n = 711), outplanted real seedlings of two species (with and without protection via caging; n = 204), and standing rates of litterfall damage. We find that rates of large-litterfall damage were an average of five times higher in sites with high densities of C. nucifera. Associated with these increases we observe that levels of physical damage to artificial model seedlings caused by litterfall over a 4-mo period increased from 4.9% in sites with low abundance of C. nucifera to 16.1% in sites with high abundance of C. nucifera. Extrapolated to annual rates, litterfall damage of this magnitude exceeds the average levels observed in other published studies. Living native seedlings also showed more than 300% higher levels of mortality in forest stands with high densities of C. nucifera, a difference that was greatly reducedwhenprotectedbycagingfromlitterfall.Incontrast,uncagedC.nuciferaseedlingsactuallyhadslightlyhigher survivorshipinhabitatsdominatedbyconspecifics.Wesuggestthatlitterfalldamagemaybeanimportantmechanism by which this tropical palm reaches and maintains near monodominance in many coastal and insular habitats.
Primary cirrhotic hepatocytes resist TGFβ-induced apoptosis through a ROS-dependent mechanism

Abstract Background/Aims The cirrhotic liver manifests dysregulated hepatocyte growth by poor regenerative capacity, formation of regenerative nodules, and malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to determine if dysregulated hepatocyte growth occurs through deficient apoptosis. Methods Hepatocytes were isolated from normal and CCl 4 -treated mice and treated with TGFβ, TNFα, and UV-C, known apoptotic agents. Results Cirrhotic hepatocytes were less sensitive to TGFβ- (45±5 vs. 15±3%; P P =0.02), and UV-C-induced (31±4 vs. 17±4%; P Conclusions These findings suggest that increased ROS activity in cirrhotic hepatocytes plays a critical role in mediating cirrhotic hepatocyte resistance to apoptosis. Cirrhotic hepatocyte resistance to TGFβ-induced apoptosis is ROS-dependent and is a mechanism of dysregulated growth in the chronically inflamed liver.
Positioning and orienting a class of symmetric parts using a combination of a unit-radial and a constant force fields

Part positioning and orientation is a key issue in manufacturing. Extensive recent work has investigated a series of force fields for part positioning and orientation. Typically, a strategy that brings a part to a unique equilibrium consists of several force fields that are employed in sequence. Bohringer and Donald conjectured a few years ago that the combination of a unit radial field with a constant field would give rise to a unique equilibrium. Such a field is extremely interesting as it positions and orients parts without the need of sensing or a clock. We (2000) have proved this conjecture for nonsymmetric parts. In this paper, we focus our attention on symmetric parts and show that some of them can be uniquely positioned and oriented using the same field. Our work further explores the capabilities and limits of force fields and provides additional evidence that force fields are a powerful tool for parts manipulation.
Is There a Relationship Between Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcal Infection and Clostridium difficile Infection?

The relationship between vancomycin or metronidazole treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) and the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) infection was investigated by review of 18 case-control studies. Fifteen (83%) of 18 studies found vancomycin use, days of use, or grams used to be significantly associated with VRE infection or colonization. Intravenous vancomycin use was a significant risk in nine of 10 studies, and oral vancomycin use was a significant risk in three of four studies that stratified risk by route of administration. Although statistically associated, oral vancomycin use was so infrequent (25% in the study with the most use) that it is likely to have only a minor influence as a risk for VRE infection or colonization when compared with the much more widespread use of intravenous vancomycin. Metronidazole exposure was found to be a significant risk in four of five studies that specifically assessed this variable, but the indication for metronidazole use was not specified. Risk factors for both VRE infection and CDAD include antimicrobial exposure, number of antimicrobials, days of antimicrobial use, specific agents (third-generation cephalosporins, clindamycin, and imipenem), patient age, length of hospitalization, severity of underlying illness, use of electronic rectal thermometers, enteral feedings, environmental contamination, and contamination of the hands of health care workers.
Significant Differences Between Procyclic and Bloodstream Forms of Trypanosoma brucei in the Maintenance of their Plasma Membrane Potential

Abstract The plasma membrane potential (ΔΨ) of procyclic and bloodstream trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma brucei was studied using the potentiometric fluorescent dye bisoxonol. Our results suggest that a proton pump plays a significant role in the regulation of ΔΨ in procyclic and bloodstream forms, as evidenced by depolarization of the plasma membrane by H+-ATPase inhibitors (e.g. dicyclohexylcarbo-diimide, N-ethylmaleimide, diethylstilbestrol, and bafilomycin A1). In bloodstream stages the plasma membrane was significantly depolarized by ouabain only when the cells were incubated in sodium-rich buffers indicating that a sodium pump was being inhibited. In contrast, ouabain had no effect on the ΔΨ of the procyclic stages in a sodium-rich buffer. However, it induced an additional significant depolarization in these stages when their plasma membrane was already partially depolarized by the H+-ATPase inhibitor dicyclohexylcarbo-diimide, indicating the presence of an ouabain-sensitive sodium pump whose activit...
Variational treatment of chemical reaction and diffusion in a catalytic tubular reactor

Abstract The boundary method of Galerkin is used to approximate the solution of the elliptic boundary value problem associated with a two-dimensional laminar flow tubular reactor with axial and radial diffusion, a first-order homogeneous reaction, and a first-order heterogeneous reaction at the wall. It is shown that this method yields asymptotic solutions (for the concentration of the species of interest) directly. Furthermore, it is shown that a one-dimensional treatment of this problem yields an asymptotic solution that is several orders of magnitude at variance with the more rigorous two-dimensional treatment.
Student peer review decisions on submitted manuscripts are as stringent as faculty peer reviewers

The International Journal of Exercise Science is the only student-centered peer-reviewed journal in its field. Upon graduate student first author submissions, two student reviewers and one faculty ...
QoS Architecture for a Mobile Ad Hoc Network

Dynamic allocation of network resources in packet-based mobile ad hoc networks requires the operation of autonomous mechanisms that can provide assurance that the user or host application can reasonably expect a satisfactory quality-of-service (QoS). In general, a combination of mechanisms is required to operate concurrently and in real-time to meet this objective. This paper discusses an architectural framework for a mobile ad hoc node, where the functionality required to achieve QoS is achieved by a combination offunctional layers and cross-layer control methods. The framework enables functionalities to support QoS at the application, transport, network, MAC, and physical levels by adaptation to application traffic loads, network conditions, topology, and radio linkperformance. The QoS framework described provides a basis for many possible implementations. Examples of its application that illustrate key functionalities are discussed. These include: adaptation of physical layer attributes to enhance network fabric capacity, source to destination path selection to enhance end-to-end performance, and admission control to facilitate operation.
Meristem-Specific Suppression of Mitosis and a Global Switch in Gene Expression in the Root Cap of Pea by Endogenous Signals

Two functionally distinct sets of meristematic cells exist within root tips of pea (Pisum sativum): the root apical meristem, which gives rise to the body of the root; and the root cap meristem, which gives rise to cells that differentiate progressively through the cap and separate ultimately from its periphery as border cells. When a specific number of border cells has accumulated on the root cap periphery, mitosis within the root cap meristem, but not the apical meristem, is suppressed. When border cells are removed by immersion of the root tip in water, a transient induction of mitosis in the root cap meristem can be detected starting within 5 min. A corresponding switch in gene expression throughout the root cap occurs in parallel with the increase in mitosis, and new border cells begin to separate from the root cap periphery within 1 h. The induction of renewed border cell production is inhibited by incubating root tips in extracellular material released from border cells. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that operation of the root cap meristem and consequent turnover of the root cap is self-regulated by a signal from border cells.
PLUS: a probe-loss utilization streaming mechanism for distributed multimedia presentation systems

We present a new flow and congestion control scheme, PLUS (Probe-Loss Utilization Streaming protocol), for distributed multimedia presentation systems. This scheme utilizes probing of the network situation and an effective adjustment mechanism to data loss to support multimedia presentations. The proposed scheme is also designed to scale with increasing number of PLUS-based streaming traffic and to live in harmony with TCP-based traffic. The novelty of the PLUS protocol is that it utilizes the knowledge of its future bottleneck bandwidth in probing the current network situation. This can be achieved by a priori knowledge of the multimedia data before a presentation is requested by a client. Compression schemes like MPEG introduce dependencies on media units. I frames are needed to successfully decode P and B frames, and P frames are needed to decode B frames. A loss of an I or P frame automatically eliminates dependent media units. Our probing scheme increases the successful transmission of critical I and P packets without the overhead of error-correction-schemes. Probing is done using B-frame packets. The advantage is that we use data packets as probe packets. With the PLUS protocol we address the need to avoid congestion rather than react to it. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in utilizing network resources and decreasing loss ratios.
Localization and Structure of the Ankyrin-binding Site on β2-Spectrin

Spectrins are tetrameric actin-cross-linking proteins that form an elastic network, termed the membrane skeleton, on the cytoplasmic surface of cellular membranes. At the plasma membrane, the membrane skeleton provides essential support, preventing loss of membrane material to environmental shear stresses. The skeleton also controls the location, abundance, and activity of membrane proteins that are critical to cell and tissue function. The ability of the skeleton to modulate membrane stability and function requires adaptor proteins that bind the skeleton to membranes. The principal adaptors are the ankyrin proteins, which bind to the β-subunit of spectrin and to the cytoplasmic domains of numerous integral membrane proteins. Here, we present the crystal structure of the ankyrin-binding domain of human β2-spectrin at 1.95A resolution together with mutagenesis data identifying the binding surface for ankyrins on β2-spectrin.
Effect of dose rate on local control and complications in the reirradiation of head and neck tumors with interstitial iridium-192

Interstitial Iridium-192 was used as the sole treatment for 23 previously irradiated patients with recurrent or second primary malignancy in the head and neck region. Doses used in initial external beam treatment ranged from 50.0 to 72.0 Gy, in daily fractions of 180 to 200 cGy. Retreatment with interstitial implant using the Quimby system delivered total doses between 38.5 and 60 Gy, with hourly dose rates of 30 to 66 cGy. Local control in the implanted volume was seen in 21 of 23 patients at 5 to 34 months post-implant (median 10 months). Dose rate (hourly dose delivered at 0.5 cm beyond the periphery of the implanted tumor volume) did not affect local control, but did have a significant impact on severe complications (soft tissue necrosis and fistulae; p = 0.26). No effect on either local control or complication rate was found for volume of implant, initial external beam radiation dose, time to recurrence, or anatomic site of treatment. These findings suggest that interstitial irradiation is effective treatment for head and neck cancers in previously irradiated sites. Dose rates as low as 32 cGy/hr provided adequate local control, with few long-term complications to date; doses above 42 cGy/hr may be associated with severe and even fatal complications.
Renegotiation and Contracts with Moral Hazard and Persistent Private Information

How does renegotiation shape contracts between a principal and an agent subject to persistent private information and moral hazard? This paper introduces a concept of renegotiation-proofness, which adapts to stochastic games the concepts of weak renegotiation-proofness and internal consistency by exploiting natural comparisons across states. When the agent has exponential utility and cost of eort, each
Electrical rhythmicity and spread of action potentials in longitudinal muscle of guinea pig distal colon

Using simultaneous intracellular recordings, we have characterized 1) electrical activity in the longitudinal muscle (LM) of isolated segments of guinea pig distal colon free to contract spontaneou...
Recent successes of the energy landscape theory of protein folding and function

Protein folding and binding can be understood using energy landscape theory. When seeming deviations from the predictions of the funnel hypothesis are found, landscape theory helps us locate the cause. Sometimes the deviation reflects symmetry effects, allowing extra degeneracies to occur. Such effects seem to explain some kinetic anomalies in helical bundles. When binding processes were found to use apparently non-funneled landscapes this was traced to an inadequate understanding of biomolecular forces. The discrepancy allowed the discovery of new water-mediated forces - some of which act between hydrophilic residues. Introducing such forces into the algorithms greatly improves the quality of structure predictions.
Response of human smooth muscle in Schultz-Dale experiments.

Abstract The Schultz-Dale technique employing in vitro passively sensitized guinea pig ileum has been used to establish quantitative relationships between antigen and antibody in anaphylaxis. To study such relationships in a laboratory model of allergy, human smooth muscle strips (ileum and uterus) were passively sensitized with serum from untreated allergic patients. After repeated washing, such strips were mounted in an isotonic Schultz-Dale apparatus and challenged with varying doses of allergen. Contractions of the strips were compared with those induced by measured doses of histamine. The responses were specific since they occurred only with the allergen. Several nonsensitized ileal and uterine strips were exposed to mixtures containing a constant amount of allergic serum and varying doses of allergen. Such strips contracted best with mixtures containing moderate amounts of allergen. Since there appears to be a parallel between these experiments and anaphylaxis induced by complexes, it is suggested that perhaps a mechanism involving complexes, similar to that proposed by Germuth, Ishizaka, and others, for anaphylaxis, is operating in allergy.
Genome-wide ribosome profiling reveals complex translational regulation in response to oxidative stress

Information on unique and coordinated regulation of transcription and translation in response to stress is central to the understanding of cellular homeostasis. Here we used ribosome profiling coupled with next-generation sequencing to examine the interplay between transcription and translation under conditions of hydrogen peroxide treatment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hydrogen peroxide treatment led to a massive and rapid increase in ribosome occupancy of short upstream ORFs, including those with non-AUG translational starts, and of the N-terminal regions of ORFs that preceded the transcriptional response. In addition, this treatment induced the synthesis of N-terminally extended proteins and elevated stop codon read-through and frameshift events. It also increased ribosome occupancy at the beginning of ORFs and potentially the duration of the elongation step. We identified proteins whose synthesis was regulated rapidly by hydrogen peroxide posttranscriptionally; however, for the majority of genes increased protein synthesis followed transcriptional regulation. These data define the landscape of genome-wide regulation of translation in response to hydrogen peroxide and suggest that potentiation (coregulation of the transcript level and translation) is a feature of oxidative stress.
Initiation of cytokinesis is controlled through multiple modes of regulation of the Sid2p-Mob1p kinase complex

The Sid2p-Mob1p kinase complex is an important component of the septation initiation network (SIN) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. However, regulation of this complex is still elusive. Here we show that Mob1p is required not only for the subcellular localization of Sid2p but also for its kinase activity. We identified a region at the amino terminus of Sid2p that is required for Mob1p binding and spindle pole body (SPB) localization. Deletion of this region abolishes Mob1p binding and diminishes SPB localization, whereas this region alone is sufficient to associate with Mob1p and SPBs. We further show that a similar region of the N terminus of the Sid2p-related protein kinase Orb6p binds to the Mob1p-related protein Mob2p, suggesting that this may be a conserved mode of interaction for this family of kinases. Phosphorylation of Ser402 and especially Thr578 is important for Sid2p function. Sid2p with a mutation of Thr578 to Ala (T578A) can no longer rescue sid2-250 mutant cells, and this results in reduction of Mob1p binding. Sid2p mutants mimicking phosphorylation at this site (T578D and T578E) can rescue sid2-250 cells, enhance Sid2p kinase activity, and partially rescue growth defects of upstream sin mutants. Interestingly, Sid2p, but not Mob1p, is self-associated. Our experiments suggest that self-associated Sid2p is inactive. This self-association is mediated by a region that overlaps with Mob1p and SPB binding sites. Overexpression of Mob1p is able to disrupt the selfassociation of Sid2p. Taken together, our results suggest that Sid2p kinase may utilize multiple modes of regulation including self-association, Mob1p binding, and phosphorylation to achieve its full activity at an appropriate time and place in the cell.
Burst sinusoidal frequency estimation with short record length via L/sub 1/ normed linear predictive modeling

The authors demonstrates that estimating the two sinusoidal frequencies of a burst sinusoidal frequency shift keyed (FSK) waveform via a least squares based linear predictive algorithm may result in significant frequency bias even in the absence of additional noise. Transient effects present from uncertain burst signal location within the analysis window may be detrimental to least squares based frequency estimation methods. Such signal transients are manifested as spikes within the residual vector produced from a linear predictive model based approach to frequency estimation. For such cases, it is demonstrated that a robust estimator, such as an estimator generated via a L/sub 1/ normed error criteria, may produce significantly less biased frequency estimates. Additionally, it is shown that sinusoidal frequency estimates generated via a L/sub 1/ normed solution are insensitive to initial signal phase in contrast to least squares based estimates. >
Single crystal SiC MEMS fabrication technology using smart-cut process for harsh environment application

A new single crystal silicon carbide MEMS fabrication process is developed using a proton-implantation smart-cut technique. A 6H-SiC layer with 1.3 /spl mu/m thickness has been achieved over an oxidized silicon substrate using the proposed technique. TEM analyses of the silicon carbide thin film reveal single crystal characteristics, which is attractive for potential integration of MEMS devices with high-temperature microelectronics in the same structural layer for harsh environment applications. Implant-induced defect density in the silicon carbide can be substantially reduced to a negligible level through high-temperature annealing. Prototype single crystal 6H-SiC MEMS devices, such as resonators and actuators, have been successfully fabricated as demonstration vehicles for future harsh-environment micro-system implementation.
Varied Responses as a Means to the Richness of Discourse: Reading Tough Texts through Speaking and Writing

Abstract: New scholarship advocates that students should learn deeply and well. Little information exists on exactly how to get students deeply into material so that they understand it inside and out, backward and forward and in a way that enables them to construct knowledge schemas. The authors have developed a heuristic list of communication response styles that enrich understanding of complex ideas and works and promotes students to use metacognition to reflect deeply about what they are learning.
Assisting Older Women in Combatting Ageist Stereotypes and Improving Attitudes Toward Aging

Ageism is a pervasive force in society that poses a significant threat to the well-being of older women. This article integrates theory, research and practice in an examination of ageism as it relates to therapy with older women. The authors review common stereotypes of older women, and discuss the pervasiveness of these stereotypes using a terror management explanatory framework. Particular attention is also paid to the effects of ageist stereotypes on older women, with especial emphasis on stereotype threat and self-stereotyping concepts. The authors argue that geriatric rehabilitation settings may enhance vulnerability to these negative effects. Finally, strategies for older women to combat ageist stereotypes and develop positive attitudes toward aging are discussed. Implications for therapeutic practice to help older women maintain a satisfying quality of life, despite these stereotypes, are presented throughout the article. The authors recommend interventions embedded in feminist theory, positive psy...
Atmospheric peroxy radical measurements using dual-channel chemical amplification cavity ringdown spectroscopy.

Peroxy (HO2 and RO2) radicals are important intermediates in tropospheric oxidation of hydrocarbons, and their accurate atmospheric measurements remain challenging. In this work, the peroxy radical chemical amplification (PERCA) method was combined with cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) to develop a dual-channel instrument for measurements of atmospheric peroxy radicals. In the amplification channel, the peroxy radicals were converted in an excess amount of NO and CO into a higher level of NO2 and measured along with the background NO2, while in the reference channel, only the background NO2 (ambient NO2 and NO2 converted from O3 reaction with NO) was monitored. The NO2 levels from both channels were measured simultaneously at a high time resolution (∼1 s) using two identical CRDS systems with one 408.5-nm diode laser, and their difference gave the amplified NO2 from PERCA. The peroxy radical concentration was obtained from the amplified NO2 and the calibrated amplification factor or chain length (CL). ...
OCT-Based Quantification of the Effect of a Drug on the Motility of Mammary Organoids

We quantified the effect of doxorubicin on the motility of mammary epithelial cells in 3D cultures by Optical Coherence Tomography. The measured cellular motility decreased in a time-dependent fashion after exposure to doxorubicin.
Carefully Documented: Dental Education Today

(1947). Carefully Documented: Dental Education Today. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 18, No. 9, pp. 487-488.
Interprofessional care of elders: Utilizing the virtual learning environment.

Purpose Interprofessional education (IPE) is essential for preparing nurse practitioner (NP) students to provide care in a collaborative team environment. The combination of a virtual clinic and video conferencing designed for NP students to practice interprofessional collaboration has not been studied. This study examined students’ perceptions of the virtual learning environment which was developed to improve interprofessional competencies. Data sources A survey instrument developed to evaluate interprofessional practice competencies was administered to student participants from eight disciplines (n = 71) following eight video conference discussions of an elderly patient presentation in a virtual clinic. Conclusions The distribution of responses was significantly associated with interprofessional competency domain (p = .002). The distribution of responses was also significantly associated with discipline (p < .001). Participants rated the value of this activity positively. Implications for practice A virtual clinic and video conferencing was an acceptable learning platform for students, which can be used to simplify IPE logistics. The roles and responsibility competency domain is perhaps the hardest for novices to grasp. Teaching meeting facilitation is a necessary part of IPE for NP students to be able to use these skills in the future.
Advanced HIV disease in children.

Nurses in the Children's Hospital AIDS Program have cared for over 600 children with HIV/AIDS since the disease was first recognized in children. During that time, we have developed models of care and clinical interventions based on nursing theory and research findings whenever possible. The new challenges of this disease have also caused us to develop approaches to care based on our own clinical experience. This article presents information on the care of children with advanced disease based on material form nursing and medical lieterature and from the clinical experience we have had during the past 12 years.
Men in Transition

Fathers are enjoying a renaissance in American culture. Far from forgotten, fathers now abound in film, television, and books. If we look to the film industry, we find a plethora of films about fathers. Fathers were featured in some older films such as Father of the Bride (1950) and Kramer vs. Kramer (1979), but have become more prevalent, for example in the remakes of Father of the Bride (1991 and its sequel in 1995), Field of Dreams (1989), Boyz’n the Hood (1991), My Architect (2003), Big Fish (2003), Beginners (2010), and the charming Finding Nemo (2003). Fathers in film are portrayed alternatively in traditional or non-traditional roles, as malevolent or compassionate patriarchs, as wise or foolish men, and as close to or estranged from their partners and children. Films such as Three Men and a Baby (1987), Knocked Up (2007), and The Pursuit of Happyness (2006) illustrate the transforming power of parenthood as men adapt their lives to this experience.
Omnipotence, Omniscience, and Omnibenevolence

Currently, one could probably learn more about the attributes of God from philosophers of religion than from Christian theologians.1 Philosophical interest in the divine attributes is due in part to the role the omni-attributes have in theodicy formulations.2 One of the main atheological attacks based on evil is against the theist qua theist. After all, isn’t the existence of evil incompatible with the existence of an omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenevolent God? If the attack has bite, a central reason is the fact that the theist holds that all three predicates are central to the nature of God. Take any one away the charge fizzles. If God is not omnipotent in some sense, then although he might know of every occurrence of evil in the world and desire to remove them all because he is perfectly good, his lack of power might stand in the way of his doing so. Or, God may possess the power and desire to remove all evil from the world, but if he does not have omniscience in a significant way, he may fail to remove every manifestation of evil in the world because he may not be cognizant of every evil. If he is not perfectly good in some straightforward sense, then he may have it in his power to act and know of every instance of evil in the world, but he may not remove every evil because it is not according to his desire to do so.
330. Using CRISPR/Cas9 to Edit Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Engineered nucleases such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and CRISPR/Cas9 have the potential to improve the precision of gene therapies based on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). ZFNs were the first of this class of reagents to be approved for the clinic, through the disruption of the CCR5 gene as an anti-HIV therapy. Since ZFNs only need to be expressed transiently to permanently disrupt a gene, ZFN mRNA electroporation has proved to be an effective method to deliver CCR5 ZFNs to HSCPs. Optimizing the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 to HSPC requires, in addition, consideration of how to deliver multiple components - the Cas9 nuclease and one or more single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) - in a transient but coincidental window of expression. This is further complicated if a DNA homology template is also to be delivered, in order to direct site-specific gene editing or insertion. Some of the difficulties of working with HSPC include their sensitivity to DNA or viral vectors that can result in unacceptable levels of cytotoxicity, the possibility for only limited in vitro culturing, and the complexity of the studies needed to evaluate any impact of the treatment on HSPC biology. In addition, the relatively large size (4.1kb) of the standard S. pyogenes Cas9 (spCas9) makes it a challenge for certain delivery systems, although a smaller variant from S. aureus (saCas9, 3.2 kb) is also available. In this work, we evaluated several approaches for the delivery of both Cas9 and sgRNAs to HSPC, including AAV vectors, in vitro transcribed Cas9 mRNA, and synthesized sgRNAs. The use of the smaller saCas9 allowed us to evaluate AAV vectors for Cas9 delivery, as well as in combination with sgRNA, using AAV serotype 6 that we identified as having good tropism for human HSPC. Various combinations of the different platforms, and time between deliveries, were optimized to maximize nuclease activity without overt toxicity. Using in vitro synthesized Cas9 mRNA and sgRNAs, we found that a single co-electroporation step was preferable to reduce the toxicity of sequential electroporations, and that chemical modification of the sgRNA was necessary to stabilize it and allow its function when co-delivered in this way. For AAV vectors, although the smaller size of saCas9 allowed it to be co-packaged together with a sgRNA in a single AAV6 vector that worked in cell lines, this combination did not effectively function in HSC. However, the sgRNA component alone was effectively delivered by AAV6 vectors, and could be combined with a later delivery of saCas9 mRNA by electroporation. With this latter approach, we were able to disrupt the CCR5 locus at similar levels to those we achieve using the clinically optimized protocol for CCR5 ZFNs.
Data collection in field-based environments with alternative mobile devices using mobile geographic information systems and services for quality flexible platforms

The study of various facets of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) integration has been ongoing since the early 1990s. Mobile GIS followed closely behind this with a lag in technological developments for mobile devices such as size, computing power, cost and accessibility. Once mobile technologies caught up to the integration of GIS and GPS through the advent of smart mobile devices of the 21st century, the capabilities were nearly limitless. The integration of GIS and GPS functionality in smart devices started a new era of mobile GIS. This study analyses GPS horizontal positional accuracy for selected smart mobile devices under ideal GPS data collection conditions in reference to National Geodetic Survey benchmark sites within central Arkansas. For the study, smart devices are denied network connectivity to ascertain the robustness of autonomous GPS compared to these same device's assisted-GPS modes and selected dedicated GPS devices. The study area provides many field-based environments that one might typically encounter when collecting location and attribute information such as no connectivity to cellular service, canopy density, urban canyons, and rural and idyllic conditions. Observed differences between study GPS readings and benchmark data are examined statistically to determine each device's effectiveness.
Common genetic variation in the germline influences where and how tumors develop

Germline variation contributes to individual risk for developing specific types of cancer. Analyzing thousands of tumors, we found evidence that the germline also influences vulnerable tissue sites and the mutations that arise in tumor genomes. These associations provide new clues to unravel the biologic mechanisms underlying cancer predisposition.
Quantitative assessment of brain glucose metabolic rates using in vivo deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Quantitative assessment of cerebral glucose consumption rate (CMRglc) and tricarboxylic acid cycle flux (VTCA) is crucial for understanding neuroenergetics under physiopathological conditions. In t...
A pipelined SAR ADC reusing the comparator as residue amplifier

This paper presents a 12-bit two-stage SAR-based pipelined ADC that reuses the comparator from the first-stage SAR to perform residue amplification. This enables residue amplification without increasing the hardware complexity compared to a traditional SAR. The proposed amplifier utilizes positive feedback to achieve a large gain at high speed, which can be difficult to achieve with other dynamic amplifier topologies. Since the comparator is reused for amplification, no additional offset calibration is required to limit the input swing of the amplifier. By utilizing a high resolution in the first stage, the amplifier does not require any nonlinearity calibration. All components in the ADC consume only dynamic power and the architecture uses only scaling-friendly components. The ADC is fabricated in 130-nm CMOS and achieves 63.2 dB SNDR and 75.4 dB SFDR while consuming 0.28 mW at a sampling rate of 10 MS/s. The measured analog power of the prototype is only 11% of the total power which highlights the power efficiency of the proposed residue amplifier. To the authors' knowledge, this work achieves the highest interstage gain of any reported dynamic amplifier.
From New Wave Reduction to New Wave Metascience

This book is about contemporary neuroscience. More specifically, it works with detailed examples drawn from current research to express that discipline’s reductive aspirations, aims, and potential. This reductionism holds important consequences for some “hot” issues in contemporary philosophy of mind. Even more specifically, this book is about the nature of reduction at work in the mainstream core of the current discipline, cellular and molecular neuroscience.
LONG-TERM MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF OCULAR FINDINGS ASSOCIATED WITH THIAMINE-RESPONSIVE MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA.

Purpose To report on 5-year multimodal imaging of ocular findings in a patient with thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia. Methods Observational case report. Results A 20-year-old-man with a history of thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia demonstrated a symmetric bull's eye maculopathy. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography revealed disruption of the parafoveal ellipsoid zone, fundus autofluorescence demonstrated foveal hypoautofluorescence, and full-field electroretinogram testing revealed a decreased photopic and scotopic response consistent with cone-rod dystrophy. His best-corrected visual acuity remained stable over 5 years at 20/50 in the right eye and 20/40 in the left eye, and visual field testing remained stable over time. Conclusion Ocular manifestations in thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia are uncommon and variable. In this case, multimodal imaging and electroretinogram findings are consistent with cone-rod degeneration. The patient is taking daily thiamine supplementation, and visual acuity, funduscopic examination, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and autofluorescence remained stable over a 5-year period.
Applications of a new nonparametric estimator of ambient power system spectra for measurements containing forced oscillations

Synchrophasor measurements from power systems can include several components, including ambient noise, forced oscillations (FOs), and transients. A new nonparametric spectral estimator is proposed that is able to accurately estimate the ambient noise spectrum, even in the presence of FOs. The statistical performance of the method is derived and compared with the commonly used Welch periodogram. The importance of the estimator's characteristics in a FO detection algorithm's design is highlighted with simulation examples. It is expected that other applications will also benefit from the new estimator's defining characteristics.
Expression of prostaglandin receptors EP4 and FP in human lens epithelial cells.

PURPOSE. To examine the expression of prostaglandin (PG) receptors EP 2 , EP 4 , and FP in a human lens epithelial cell line (HLE-B3) at molecular and pharmacologic levels. METHODS. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were performed with total RNA preparations from HLE-B3 cells using sense and antisense primers for each of the three prostaglandin receptors. The PCR products were hybridized with specific 32 P-labeled probes and, for further confirmation, digested with appropriate restriction enzymes. At the pharmacologic level, the expression of EP 4 receptors was determined by measuring intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation in response to PGE 2 (EP 1 , EP 2 , EP 3 , and EP 4 agonist) and the EP 4 receptor-selective antagonist AH23848. The expression of FP receptors in HLE-B3 cells was explored by measuring intracellular [Ca 2+ ] i mobilization. RESULTS. RT-PCR generated DNA products of predicted sizes corresponding to the EP 2 , EP 4 , and FP receptors. Hybridization of the PCR products with specific 32 P-labeled probes and restriction digestion of the PCR products further confirmed that they were generated from the respective EP 2 , EP 4 , and FP mRNAs. The EP receptor agonist PGE 2 significantly increased the cAMP level in HLE-B3 cells. The formation of cAMP by PGE 2 was concentration-dependently inhibited by the EP 4 receptor-selective antagonist AH23848. Stimulation of HLE-B3 cells by the FP receptor agonist fluprostenol increased [Ca 2+ ] i in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS. The results of the molecular biologic and pharmacologic experiments showed conclusively the presence of EP 4 and FP receptor messenger RNAs and proteins, respectively, in HLE-B3 cells.
The Social Relevance of Applied Behavior Analysis and Psychological Intervention Strategies

This current volume of issues in behavior therapy is a response to the crises of our times. Some of the problems we face endanger our planet and the survival of all living organisms—humans, animals, plants. At the very least, these problems place our well-being at risk: The threat of a nuclear holocaust and an eternal winter. This will remain until we stop making, testing, and buying and selling nuclear weapons. Pollution. Shrinking rain forests. Holes in the ozone layer. Even sunbathing has become a health hazard. Too much exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays, which are getting through the ozone layer, can cause skin cancer. Substance abuse and dependency. The law-and-order crisis. Drug-related killings and the rate of crime in general that keeps going up, up, all the time. Small wonder that Americans, calling TV stations and writing to newspapers, overwhelmingly have supported Singapore’s public caning of an American teenager for vandalism and theft. Poverty and homelessness. The United States, a nation among the richest in the world and the only superpower, has more homeless people than anywhere in the industrialized West. The decline of educational standards, the dropout epidemic; broken homes, juvenile delinquency, and teenage pregnancies. And now acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the most merciless killer we have known.
Conditional Spectral Simulation with Phase Identification

Spectral simulation is used widely in electrical engineering to generate random fields with a given covariance spectrum. The algorithms used are fast particularly when based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). However, because of lack of phase identification, spectral simulation only generates unconditional realizations. Local data conditioning is obtained typically by adding a simulated kriging residual. This conditioning process requires an additional kriging at each simulated node thus forfeiting the speed advantage of FFT. A new algorithm for conditioning is proposed whereby the phase values are determined iteratively to ensure approximative data reproduction while reproducing the frequency spectrum, that is, the covariance model. A case study is presented to demonstrate the algorithm.
Insecure Machine Learning Systems and Their Impact on the Web

Increasingly powerful machine learning models are often seen as a panacea to a wide range of computational problems today. There is an unsustainable level of excitement over recent results in solving systems problems using deep learning techniques, leading to a rush to deploy ML-based systems in countries around the world. In this talk, I will consider some of the negative implications of these powerful but opaque models from two angles. I will discuss vulnerabilities inherent in many of today's deep learning models, as well as the dangers of advanced ML tools used by malicious attackers. I believe that these critical issues must be addressed adequately before the wide-spread adoption of deep learning tools in today's security critical applications.
Cognitive science: Information processing in humans and computers

In the world of today the construction of complex systems cannot be limited to what is technologically feasible but has to take into account what is desirable and manageable by humans. Theories and methodologies from Cognitive Science (being an interdisciplinary research area whose goal is to create a better understanding of a broad range of cognitive abilities like design, understanding, learning, remembering and thinking) are an important source of knowledge and insight towards the construction of user-centered systems.