cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computerized Fault Diagnostics in a Nuclear Reactor via Analytic Redundancy

Computer-aided diagnostic techniques are successfully applied to on-line signal validation in an operating nuclear reactor. To avoid installation of additional redundant sensors for the sole purpose of fault isolation, a real-time model of nuclear instrumentation and the thermal-hydraulic process in the primary coolant loop is developed and experimentally validated. The model provides analytically redundant information sufficient for isolation of failed sensors as well as for detection of abnormal plant operation and component malfunctioning.
Process Algebra Approach for Action Recognition in the Maritime Domain

The maritime environment poses a number of challenges for autonomous operation of surface boats. Among these challenges are the highly dynamic nature of the environment, the onboard sensing and reasoning requirements for obeying the navigational rules of the road, and the need for robust day/night hazard detection and avoidance. Development of full mission level autonomy entails addressing these challenges, coupled with inference of the tactical and strategic intent of possibly adversarial vehicles in the surrounding environment. This paper introduces PACIFIC (Process Algebra Capture of Intent From Information Content), an onboard system based on formal process algebras that is capable of extracting actions/activities from sensory inputs and reasoning within a mission context to ensure proper responses. PACIFIC is part of the Behavior Engine in CARACaS (Cognitive Architecture for Robotic Agent Command and Sensing), a system that is currently running on a number of U.S. Navy unmanned surface and underwater vehicles. Results from a series of experimental studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of the system are also presented.
An Integrated Model of a Fixture-Workpiece System for Surface Quality Prediction

Surface quality is a major factor affecting the performance of a component. The machined surface quality is strongly influenced by the external loads during the fixturing and machining processes. In machining process development, it is highly desirable to predict the quality of a machined surface. For this purpose, an integrated finite element analysis (FEA) model of the entire fixture-workpiece system is developed to investigate the influence of clamping preload and machining force on the surface quality of the machined workpiece. The effects of fixture and machine table compliance (from experimental data), and the workpiece and its locators/clamps contact interaction, and forced vibration, on the machined surface quality are taken into account. This simulation model provides a better understanding of the causes of surface error and a more realistic prediction of the machined surface quality. The deck face of a V-type engine block subjected to fixture clamping and a face milling operation is given as an example. A comparison between the simulation result and experimental data shows a reasonable agreement.
Chronic T cell lymphoproliferative disorder and pure red cell aplasia: Further characterization of cell-mediated inhibition of erythropoiesis and clinical response to cytotoxic chemotherapy

Abstract Two patients with pure red cell aplasia and a T cell lymphoproliferative disorder were studied in order to define the mechanism of suppression of erythropiesis and the patients' response to cytotoxic therapy. In vitro assays demonstrated enhanced formation of both erythroid colonies and bursts following T-cell depletion. Erythroid colony formation was suppressed by the readdition of autologous T cells to a null cell fraction of marrow mononuclear cells. Media conditioned by the patients' T cells did not exhibit any inhibitory effect on erythroid colony formation by autologous T cell-depleted marrow cells. These in vitro results suggested that T cell-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis was responsible for the generation of pure red cell aplasia. In both patients, cyclophosphamide therapy resulted in clinical remissions manifested by normalization of the hematocrits associated with a reduction in circulating lymphocytes from more than 10,000/mm 3 to under 500/mm 3 . Maintenance chemotherapy has caused persistent inhibition of lymphocyte counts along with durable remissions with normal hematocrits.
Evaluation of image registration spatial accuracy using a Bayesian hierarchical model

To evaluate the utility of automated deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms, it is necessary to evaluate both the registration accuracy of the DIR algorithm itself, as well as the registration accuracy of the human readers from whom the ”gold standard” is obtained. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model to evaluate the spatial accuracy of human readers and automatic DIR methods based on multiple image registration data generated by human readers and automatic DIR methods. To fully account for the locations of landmarks in all images, we treat the true locations of landmarks as latent variables and impose a hierarchical structure on the magnitude of registration errors observed across image pairs. DIR registration errors are modeled using Gaussian processes with reference prior densities on prior parameters that determine the associated covariance matrices. We develop a Gibbs sampling algorithm to efficiently fit our models to high-dimensional data, and apply the proposed method to analyze an image dataset obtained from a 4D thoracic CT study.
Incorporating an Image Distortion Model in Non-rigid Alignment of EPI with Conventional MRI

This paper addresses the problem of accurately mapping echo planar image (EPI) data acquired for functional MRI studies to conventional T1 weighted anatomical MRI. In particular here we examine the correction of spin echo image distortion resulting from magnetic field inhomogeneity. To do this we must account for both geometric and intensity distortions within the EPI data. This approach combines ideas on multi-modality registration criteria, non-rigid registration and models of geometric and intensity distortion in MR image formation. Specifically the relationship between the geometric and intensity distortion in spin echo EPI imaging is used to constrain the geometric correction estimate and replaces the arbitrary smoothing energy term in non-rigid registration.
Validation of Extended Hybrid Surveillance

Extended Hybrid Surveillance is a surveillance technique allowing TCAS to track some intruders using ADS-B reports and thus considerably reduce utilization of the 1090 MHz channel. This new surveillance method can be used if the intruder is not projected to be near collision threat and is qualified according to specific criteria. Unlike previously defined Hybrid Surveillance, Extended Hybrid Surveillance may not use active interrogations to validate the passive data. This paper presents first validation results of the system (implemented to meet the recently published standard), which combines using Active (conventional), Hybrid, and Extended Hybrid Surveillance. The validation objective was to assess the overall system behavior as well as evaluate the achievable benefits in terms of saved Mode S interrogations. The presented work is outcome of SESAR project 9.47 entitled “TCAS Evolution”. Data used for validation was recorded during a set of first worldwide flight tests of this capability performed during 2014.
HOPPING TRANSPORT ALONG A POTENTIAL WALL: OSCILLATIONS OF THE MAGNETORESISTANCE IN A PARALLEL FIELD

We study the variable-range-hopping magnetoresistance of a 2D system of localized electrons in the presence of a boundary parallel to the plane of the 2D electrons. In a magnetic field B parallel to the plane, the magnetoresistance oscillates with B if the distance between the plane and the boundary is not too large. These oscillations result from the interference of the amplitude of the in-plane tunneling path with the amplitude of the path reflected by the boundary. We show that the orbital shrinkage effect, altering differently both amplitudes, strongly enhances the interference. At the same time, the amplitude of oscillations appears to be small compared to the general increase in the resistance caused by the orbital shrinkage. The most pronounced effect of the interference can be seen in the differential magnetoresistance R−1(B)∂R(B)/∂B, which we analyze numerically.
Two-dimensional impurity bands at semiconductor heterostructure interfaces

A previously developed theory for electronic properties of doped semiconductors that uses a Hubbard-like Hamiltonian and takes into account the effect of disorder is applied to the impurity bands associated with inversion layers. It is shown that the impurity bands have a considerable bandwidth for concentrations in a range of experimental findings.
Presence of glycosaminoglycans in retinal capillary basement membrane

Retinal microvessels were isolated from bovine eyes and the basement membranes were purified either directly or after incubation with [35S]sulfate and [14C]glucosamine. The basement membranes, which were purified by osmotic lysis and sequential treatment with detergents, had the general compositional features associated with basement membrane collagens, including high levels of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine and the presence of 3-hydroxyproline and cystine. After pronase digestion, cellulose acetate electrophoresis of glycosaminoglycans from retinal microvessel basement membrane revealed material comigrating with heparan sulfate that was insensitive to digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase ad chondroitinase ABC. Retinal microvessels also incorporated [35S]- and [14C]glucosamine into glycosaminoglycans that were isolated following pronase digestion of the retinal microvessel basement membrane purified from these incubations. The findings provide the first demonstration that glycosaminoglycans are integral components of the retinal microvascular basement membrane and suggest that heparan sulfate is the major glycosaminoglycan species in this basement membrane.
Leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, and the risk for chronic kidney disease in US adults.

Abstract Background: Atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) share several common antecedents. However, the association between inflammatory markers and incident CKD is unknown. Methods: We determined risk for incident CKD, defined by treatment for kidney failure or death related to kidney disease, in 9,250 US adults aged 30 to 74 years who participated in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II), a nationally representative prospective cohort study with 17 years of follow-up. Results: After adjusting for age, race, sex, blood pressure, smoking, and body mass index, there was a graded positive association with increasing total white blood cell (WBC) count and risk for CKD ( P for trend P for trend=0.02; RH lowest versus highest quartile, 1.91; 95% CI, 0.89 to 4.07) and additionally adjusting for the presence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease at baseline ( P for trend=0.02; RH lowest versus highest, 2.05; 95% CI, 0.96 to 4.39). Conclusion: In a nationally representative sample of US adults, elevated WBC count and hypoalbuminemia were associated with future risk for CKD. These results support the hypothesis that systemic inflammation is an independent risk factor for CKD.
Agricultural Biotechnology and Plant Improvement: Setting the Stage for Social and Economic Dialogue

The ability to accomplish some fancy biology underlies the current dialogue on the social and economic impacts of biotechnology. Using crop plant models, this article sets the scientific context for the discussion that follows in this issue. There are three key messages: Changing plants to suit human needs is an ancient and ongoing process, biotechnology makes this process faster and more precise, and the emphasis for biotechnology is increasingly whole genomes and not jsut genes. Scientists can enrich the discussion of impacts and acceptance, but as the accompanying articles confirm, science alone is insufficient to provide answers to complex societal questions.
Public attitudes toward ancillary information revealed by pharmacogenetic testing under limited information conditions.

Purpose: Pharmacogenetic testing can inform drug dosing and selection by aiding in estimating a patient's genetic risk of adverse response and/or failure to respond. Some pharmacogenetic tests may generate ancillary clinical information unrelated to the drug treatment question for which testing is done—an informational “side effect.” We aimed to assess public interest and concerns about pharmacogenetic tests and ancillary information. Methods: We conducted a random-digit-dial phone survey of a sample of the US public. Results: We achieved an overall response rate of 42% (n = 1139). When the potential for ancillary information was presented, 85% (±2.82%) of respondents expressed interest in pharmacogenetic testing, compared with 82% (±3.02%) before discussion of ancillary information. Most respondents (89% ± 2.27%) indicated that physicians should inform patients that a pharmacogenetic test may reveal ancillary risk information before testing is ordered. Respondents' interest in actually learning of the ancillary risk finding significantly differed based on disease severity, availability of an intervention, and test validity, even after adjusting for age, gender, education, and race. Conclusion: Under the limited information conditions presented in the survey, the potential of ancillary information does not negatively impact public interest in pharmacogenetic testing. Interest in learning ancillary information is well aligned with the public's desire to be informed about potential benefits and risks before testing, promoting patient autonomy.
Differences in Computer Usage of U.S. Group Medical Practices: 1994 vs. 2003

Research on the use of information technology in healthcare has focused on hospitals and Health Management Organizations (HMOs). However, little has been done to study the use of IT in group medical practices. In 1994, we conducted a pilot study of group medical practices and then repeated this pilot study in 2003 to obtain a longitudinal picture of the IT services used by these private practices. Researchers can use this to form ideas of the important issues and changes involved in IT usage in group medical practices over the past decade thus providing a needed benchmark to fill a gap in the existing literature and that can be used to compare domestic as well as international practices. For example, an expanded form of this study will be conducted in Taiwan this summer.
Modeling the future workforce of obstetrics and gynecology

Abstract Objective: To examine the current supply and distribution of obstetrician-gynecologists and project future supply under various scenarios. Methods: A discrete actuarial supply model was developed, and practice patterns were analyzed. Supply projections under different scenarios, distributions, and practice profiles were examined. Results: Women are expected to become the majority of practitioners by 2014. Continuation of current residency output will result in slow to no growth in obstetrician-gynecologist–to-female population ratios over the next 20 years. A minor (10%) reduction in specialty training would slow specialty growth over the next decade, followed by a slight reduction in supply. Services provided chiefly involve ambulatory reproductive health care, pregnancy, and surgical correction of conditions specific to the female genitourinary system. Even though the proportion of deliveries performed by midwives has increased and family practitioners have maintained their share, obstetrician-gynecologists provide the vast majority of obstetric care and virtually all services for perinatal complications. Generalist services represent relatively minor aspects of their practices. Care of the aged female population is highly fragmented among specialties; more than 50% of all aged Medicare beneficiaries who saw an obstetrician-gynecologist at least once failed to receive a majority of services from any one physician specialty. Conclusion: On the basis of trends in patient demographics and care patterns, obstetrician-gynecologists must resolve whether to provide more generalist office-based care, especially to the rapidly growing older female population, or to invest more intensively in surgical specialty care. The specialty’s unique contributions to women’s health should influence this decision.
Further studies of the therapeutic effectsof murine melanoma-specific monoclonal antibodies

Abstract The results presented here further characterize four murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that recognize melanoma-specific antigens (9B6, T97, 2-3-1 and 2-3-3). These melanoma-specific mAbs are of the IgG2b isotype and are significantly therapeutic when administered systemically against established pulmonary melanoma metastases. Here we show a consistent and significantly inhibition of the growth of melanoma lung metastases by all four mAbs and the existence of a time ‘window’ at days 5–8 after tumor inoculation for optimal therapy. Since these mAbs were found not to be cytotoxic or cytolytic in vitro, we looked for host immune response regulation as being responsible for the therapeutic effects. Natural killer (NK) cells were implication as one arm of the host immune system involved in this response since depletion of NK cells in vivo by αasialoGM1 or αNK1.1 antibodies partially abrogated the inhibitory effect of the mAbs. The observed antimetastatic effects could also be partially abrogated using antibodies directed against the T-cell subset surface markers, CD4+ and CD8+. Intramuscular melanoma tumor growth was also found to be suppressed by mAb 2-3-1, but only if administered in the area of tumor growth and only if multiple inoculations are administered over a 13-day period. The beneficial effect of mAb antimetastatic therapy was found to be useful against several syngeneic melanomas, including JB/MS, B16 and several sublines of the B16 F10 melanoma.
Case management: lessons from earlier efforts.

Abstract Case management is a major, new initiative in the provision of community support services to implement public policy of maintaining mental patients in the community. A review of the case management function as used in the anti-poverty program in the 1960s, shows that a case manager works in a task environment consisting of a multitude of independent service agencies, works within the culture of a core service agency, and relates to chronic clients. The case manager's position is shaped by each of these relationships. Each provides dimensions for a formative evaluation of the program. Case management evaluation can identify issues, and document problems to contribute to the rational redesign of our service system.
The photoreduction of methylviologen via electron transfer from aluminosilicate zeolites

Abstract The photoreduction yields of methylviologen and various alkylated homologues in zeolite-X, Y and A were determined at 77 K in the absence of any reducing counteranion. Upon irradiation at 77K, dehydrated samples turned light blue and a single line ESR spectrum was observed with a g -factor identical to that of the methylviologen radical cation. Samples that were not dehydrated produced ESR spectra about 10% as intense as those that had the water removed. The photoreduction yield was largest in zeolite Y, less in zeolite X which has more cations and hence more crowding in the cages, and very small in zeolite A which has much smaller cages. The electron donor in these systems is believed to be the anionic aluminosilicate framework of the host zeolite.
An Extended Local Binary Pattern for Gender Classification

This paper addresses the problem of gender recognition by proposing a new feature descriptor to be used in classification. The contribution of this work is an extension to the local binary patterns traditionally used as descriptors. Local binary patterns include information about the relationship between a central pixel value and those of its neighboring pixels in a very compact manner. In the proposed method we incorporate into the descriptor more information from the neighborhood by using four predefined patterns, rather than just one, as in the classic model. We evaluate the performance of our method on the standard FERET database by comparing it to existing methods and show that we can extract more discriminative features and subsequently provide better gender recognition accuracy.
Pocket-sized psychology studies: exploring daily diary software for palm pilots

Daily dairies, also known as experience sampling methods (ESM) or everyday experience methods, are a common methodology utilized to provide insight into momentary psychological processes. Traditionally, such studies often have utilized paper-and-pencil surveys administered several times each day over a span of several days or weeks. However, advances in technology now allow these studies to be conducted using palmtop computers (i.e., personal digital assistants; PDAs). Three software packages for running these studies on the Palm operating system were explored and compared on a number of features. Specifically, ESP (Experience Sampling Program, by Feldman Barrett & Barrett, 2001), iESP Version 3.2 (Intel Experience Sampling Program, by Intel Research Seattle & the University of Washington Computer Science and Engineering Department), and PMAT Version 2.0 (Purdue Momentary Assessment Tool, by the Military Family Research Institute at Purdue University) were examined, with their key features compared. These advances in software for running diary studies include a number of features that provide researchers with methods and information previously unavailable in diary studies and may expand the range of possibilities in diary study designs.
Osmotic Stress-dependent Repression Is Mediated by Histone H3 Phosphorylation and Chromatin Structure

Histone H3 phosphorylation has been linked to various environmental stress responses and specific chromatin structure. The role of H3 phosphorylation in the osmotic stress response was investigated on the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter in different chromatin configurations. Hormone-dependent transcription from the MMTV promoter is repressed by osmotic stress when the promoter is integrated and has a normal chromatin structure. However, when the MMTV promoter is transiently transfected, the chromatin structure is less organized, and hormone induction is not affected by osmotic stress. On the integrated MMTV promoter, phosphorylation of histone H3 serine 10 and 28 increases in response to osmotic stress, but the transient promoter shows no change. Hormone-dependent glucocorticoid receptor binding is reduced on the repressed promoter, and elevated H3 phosphorylation is temporally correlated with maximal MMTV repression Additionally, the protein kinase C inhibitor rottlerin, but not other kinase inhibitors, blocks both histone H3 phosphorylation and osmotic repression of MMTV transcription. Glucocorticoid receptor binding is inversely correlated with H3 phosphorylation, suggesting that displacement of the glucocorticoid receptor from the promoter is due to H3 phosphorylation and is the mechanism for the osmotic repression of hormone-dependent transcription.
A Late Pleistocene time-series of bottom-current speed in the Vema Channel

Abstract A coarsening of the mean particle size of the carbonate-free silt fraction from sea-floor samples below 4000 m in the Vema Channel has been used to separate high-velocity Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) from the overlying, slower North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). A time-series of fluctuations in bottom-current speed within the modern AABW/NADW transition zone was examined by determining the particle-size distribution of sediments from eight gravity cores with a high-resolution stratigraphy for the past 250 kyrs. The bottom-current paleospeed was inferred from a correlation of particle size in seafloor samples with mean current speed from nearby current-meters. The mean bottom-current speed at depths comparable to modern AABW was highest (7–10 cm/s) during interglacial to glacial transitions corresponding to the oxygen isotopic stage 6/7 and 4/5 boundaries and at present. The mean bottom-current speed at depths comparable to modern NADW was nearly uniform for most of the past 250 kyrs except during glacial oxygen isotopic stage 2 when the speed dropped to 2 cm/s, or one-half of the present speed. The application of the “calibrated” particle-size method to examine bottom-current paleospeed allows testing of paleoceanographic models which rely on assumptions or inferences of changes in bottom-water production rate during the late Pleistocene paleoclimatic fluctuations.
Characterization of 316 stainless steel surfaces used in BWR recirculation piping

Abstract The effect of surface treatments such as sandblasting, acid pickling, and electropolishing on surface topography and composition has been investigated for 316 nuclear grade stainless steel. The build-up of radioactive cobalt-60 on sandblasted surfaces is much higher compared to that on acid pickled surfaces. Compared to sandblasted surfaces, acid pickling produces smooth surfaces and also generates grain boundary grooves, which can be effectively removed by subsequent electropolishing. Sandblasting produces rough and textured surfaces. Electropolishing of such surfaces reduces the roughness but does not produce as smooth a surface as a pickled surface. The techniques used in the surface analyses were scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy spectroscopy (XES), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).
TH‐E‐330A‐06: Scatter Characterization in Cone‐Beam CT Systems with Offset Flat Panel Imagers

Purpose: X‐ray scatter significantly degrades the quality of cone‐beam CT(CBCT)reconstructions by introducing cupping and streaking artifacts. Simple correction techniques, based on subtracting a constant value across a projection, fail when the flat‐panel detector is transaxially offset as is required to increase the reconstruction field‐of‐views for body scans. The purpose of this study was to measure x‐ray scatter profiles for transaxially offset detectors and to characterize the resulting artifacts. Method and Materials: Data were collected on a table‐top CBCT system. A pelvic phantom was imaged with a Varian 4030CB imager offset by 16 cm. Scatter was estimated by subtracting a nearly “scatter‐free” projection data set, obtained by narrowing the axial collimator blades, from the full CBCT data set obtained with the blades in their fully open position. The resulting scatter estimate, valid in the narrow region of overlap, was extrapolated to generate a scatter estimate across the entire axial extent of the detector. This scatter estimate was then subtracted from the original CBCT data to generate scatter‐corrected images.Results: The scatter profile in full‐fan projections is relatively flat and symmetric. In contrast, in the half‐fan configuration the measured scatter profile was asymmetric decreasing monotonically from the phantom‐air boundary through the phantom center to the imager edge. The slope of this profile varied smoothly from the AP to lateral views resulting in reconstructions with abnormally bright and dark regions. Scatter correction using the measured profile proved effective. Cupping and doming amplitudes were reduced by 2/3. The average reconstruction error in the prostate region was reduced from over 120 HU to less than 40 HU. Conclusions: The asymmetries introduced by an offset detector result in non‐uniform scatter profiles that generate unusual cupping artifacts. Our technique provides a means of characterizing these profiles. Conflict of Interest: Funding provided by Varian Medical Systems.
Differences in snail ecology lead to infection pattern variation of Echinostoma spp. larval stages

The infection patterns of parasites are often tied to host behavior. Although most studies have investigated definitive hosts and their parasites, intermediate host behavior may play a role in shaping the distribution and accumulation of parasites, particularly the larval stages. In an attempt to answer this question, more than 4,500 pulmonate snails were collected from 11 states in the mid-Atlantic and Midwestern United States in the summer of 2012. These snails were necropsied and echinostome metecercariae were commonly observed infecting the snails as 2nd intermediate hosts (20.0%). The snails included species of 3 genera with distinct differences in the infection patterns of Echinostoma spp. metacercariae among them. Physa spp. (comprising of P. acuta and P. gyrina) snails exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of infection (23.5%) than both Lymnaea columella (11.6%) and Helisoma spp. (comprising of H. anceps and H. trivolvis) (14.2%; P 0.05). The intensity of metacercariae within the snail hosts was significantly different between the 3 genera (P < 0.05), with L. columella having the highest intensity (24.3 ± 5.6), followed by Physa spp. (15.2 ± 1.5) and Helisoma spp. (5.0 ± 0.9). Differences in prevalence and intensity were also observed when the different snail families co-habited the same body of water. The disparities in infection patterns are likely due to distinct differences in the behavioral and feeding ecology of the snail hosts.
Sources of low-molecular-weight host factors that phenotypically increase the resistance of Haemophilus influenzae type b to bacteriolysis: non-identity with a factor active in gonococci.

Abstract Both gonococci and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in response to incubation with low-molecular-weight components of blood are converted to a relative resistance to killing by antibody and complement in vitro. Recently, cytidine 5′-mono-phospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (a sialyl donor present in mammalian tissues) was found to convert gonococci. Here we report that this compound was inactive in Hib. In further contrast, the Hib-converting activity of serum was not retained by 500-Mr filters, not sensitive to pH 2, and not active in the presence of growth media. Thus the phenotypic resistances in Hib and gonococci appear to have a different metabolic basis. The low-Mr serum factors active in Hib remain to be identified. Filtrates of human nasopharyngeal washes were also active, further suggesting that the converted form resembles the phenotype of Hib in vivo.
Roboneuron: a simple and robust real-time analog spike simulator and calibrator.

Abstract Background Modern computerized spike recording systems are increasingly powerful and sophisticated. However, this increases the importance of performing validation by recording signals from a system with a known input–output relationship. New method We present here a simple and robust analog circuit that uses a minimum number of commonly available components to simulate two independently spiking neurons. The two neurons generate asynchronous overlapping spikes. These can be independently set to spike at either a constant rate, or at a rate set by an external control voltage. Results The circuit is simple enough to easily assemble by hand, however, standard files for ordering commercial printed circuit boards are also supplied. Several units were built by different people, using both hand-assembly and commercially manufactured printed circuit boards: all worked well. The circuit is robust with respect to supply voltages and component values. Comparison with existing methods Existing analog circuits tend to be complex, hard to assemble, and use hard-to-find components. Digital simulators typically require specific development systems that have steep learning curves and are likely to change radically or become unavailable very quickly. This system has been optimized to be robust, simple, and use only commonly available components. Conclusions When validating a system there could be an advantage to using a calibrator that is robust, whose input–output relationship is simple, and whose design is stable over time.
Recognition of an HLA-DPw1 specific alloantiserum raised by planned immunization

This study reports identification of the first alloantiserum specific for a single HLA-DP allele and presents valuable technical information for the serological detection of the HLA-DP gene product. Serological detection of the HLA-DP gene products was undertaken by analyzing a large number of alloantisera against an HLA-DP characterized, monocyte depleted, B-lymphocyte reference panel. After absorption of contaminating DR antibodies, one alloantiserum (SOW) which had been raised by planned immunization, was shown to have a correlation coefficient of 0.91 with DPw1 as defined by primed lymphocytes. No association was seen with any other HLA-A,-B,-C,-D,-DR, or -DQ specificity in either population or family studies. The HLA-DP typing of the serum donor and immunizing recipient support the conclusion. Evidence is presented which suggests that expression of the DP molecule is not stable, at least as detected by conventional microcytotoxicity techniques.
Solution of lattice models by successive linkage

A linkage algorithm is presented for evaluating the partition function of a union of finite lattice blocks in terms of the partition functions of the component blocks. This algorithm leads to: (i) A fast enumeration method for evaluating the partition function of a finite lattice (for Ising spins in two dimensions, the number of terms needed to evaluate the partition function for a block ofL spins if reduced from 2 L to\(2^{(\sqrt L + \log _2 L)}\)); (ii) a recursive factorization procedure that accelerates the rate at which quantities evaluated on a finite lattice converge to their thermodynamic limit, and (iii) a scaling procedure that further accelerates the convergence to the thermodynamic limit. The scaling procedure is similar to a method previously used in turbulence calculations.
Frequency-related differences in the speed of human auditory processing

Three experiments were performed, two comparing the peak latencies of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) elicited by 250 Hz and 4000 Hz tone pips and a third comparing simple reaction times (RTs) to the same stimuli. In the AEP experiments, the latencies of brainstem, middle and long-latency components were delayed following 250 Hz tone pips in comparison with the latencies of the same components evoked by loudness-matched 4000 Hz tones. Frequency-related latency differences increased with component latency, ranging from less than 1.0 ms for wave V of the brainstem AEP, to more than 20.0 ms for the cortical N1 component. Interpeak latency differences were also significantly lengthened following the 250 Hz tone pips. In the behavioral study, RTs were 14.6 ms slower following 250 than 4000 Hz tone pips. The results suggest that the time required for the sensory analysis of auditory signals varies inversely with their frequency.
Explorations In A Sensor Fusion Space

Using a dextrous hand involves understanding the relation-ships between the three kinds of sensor outputs available: joint space positions, tendon forces, and tactile contacts. Dextrous manipulation then is a fusion of these three sensing modalities. This paper is an exploration of using a dextrous, multi-fingered hand (Utah/MIT hand) for high-level object recognition tasks. The paradigm is model-based recognition in which the objects are modeled and recovered as superquadrics, which are shown to have a number of important attributes that make them well suited for such a task. Experiments have been performed to recover the shape of objects using sparse contact point data from the hand kinematics and forces with promising results. We also present our approach to using tactile data in conjunction with the dextrous hand to build a library of grasping and exploration primitives that can be used in recognizing and grasping more complex multi-part objects.
Stability of Voltage Regulators

THE PRESENCE in many voltage regulator circuits of nonlinear control elements has prevented a complete mathematical treatment of the subject. However, Liapounoff's theory1 ofthe stability of dynamic systems affords a solution to the problem of stability of electric circuits subjected to small displacements from equilibrium.
Limiting the available T cell receptor repertoire modifies acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced immunopathology.

Abstract The invariably fatal immunopathological disease that follows intracerebral injection of CBA/Ca (H-2 k ) mice with 1000 PFU of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) generally fails to develop in congenic mice transgenic for a Vβ8.1Dβ2Jβ2.3Cβ2T cell receptor (TCR) gene. The majority of these LCMV-infected TCR-transgenic mice show a substantial meningitis of delayed onset, that resolves without causing any obvious clinical impairment. This inflammatory process depends on the involvement of Vβ8 + T cells, but does not require the participation of the CD4 + subset. The cytotoxic effectors that develop in both the transgenic mice and the CBA/Ca controls are lytic for target cells infected with a vaccinia construct expressing genes encoding the putative polymerase protein of LCMV. Limiting the available TCR repertoire to lymphocytes with a single Vβ phenotype (not required for the generation of potent effectors in wild-type mice) thus modifies the development of the lethal neuropathology characteristic of LCMV infection, although the CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocyte response is not greatly compromised.
The 248Cm-oxide system

Abstract Isobaric oxygen dissociation pressure measurements were performed on 0·68 mg of 248CmO2. Though the α activity of 248Cm is less by a factor of about 20,000 than that of 244Cm, the oxide systems of curium based on these two isotopes show only slight differences in phase behavior attributable to the vastly differing levels of radioactivity. This is manifested principally as a destabilization of low temperature phases CmO2−x(α) and CmO1·82(δ) in the 244Cm oxide system. A phase highly resistant to oxidation, most likely monoclinic (B) Cm2O3, appears at temperatures as low as 840°C.
Degradation and accumulation of inhibitory substances from Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little.

Two or more compounds present in leaves ofJuniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little are active growth inhibitors. One of these, a blue fluorescent spot, is degraded fairly rapidly, but the other accumulates in the humus and in certain heavy clay soils. This persistent compound may slowly release monomers during degradation.
Effects of age on the generation and satiation of meaning with Slurvian sentences

Abstract Meaning may be generated (discovered) and satiated (lost) by repeated rapid stimulation. Slurvian sentences offer opportunities for the study of both phenomena. The present study tested the effects of age upon generation and satiation and the likelihood that Slurvian meanings would be retained after one day and one week. Twenty subjects, ten “younger” and ten “older”, heard eight Slurvian sentences played and replayed until they repeated the sentences' meanings. Five “younger” and five “older” subjects continued listening to each sentence until they reported it had lost meaning. A written recall test was given three times; immediately after the final repetitions, one day later, and one week later. Older subjects took significantly longer to generate and to satiate meaning. However, there was no difference in recall between the age groups. Significant recall differences were demonstrated between the group that only generated meanings and the group that both generated and satiated meanings. For the latter group, a substantial and significant loss of recall provided an objective measure of the effects of satiation.
Concentrations and spatial variations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and other organohalogen compounds in Great Lakes air.

Air samples were analyzed from urban, rural, and remote sites near the Great Lakes to investigate the occurrence, concentrations, and spatial and temporal differences of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in air. The concentrations of PBDEs were compared to those of other organohalogen compounds such as PCBs and organochlorine pesticides. The samples were collected in 1997−1999 as part of the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN). To minimize the variability of the data, we selected only samples taken when the atmospheric temperature was 20 ± 3 °C. PBDEs were found in all samples, indicating that these compounds are widely distributed and that they can be transported through the atmosphere to remote areas. The total concentrations of PBDEs were similar to some of the organochlorine pesticides such as ΣDDT and ranged from 5 pg/m3 near Lake Superior to about 52 pg/m3 in Chicago. In fact, the spatial trend was well correlated to those of PCBs. Our results indicate a relatively constant level fr...
One‐stop shopping: a perspective on the evolution of electronic resources management

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the evolution of the processes and procedures utilized by Jacksonville State University's Houston Cole Library to manage its varied electronic resources collection.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based upon the library's experiences managing electronic resources in five major categories: e‐books; electronic government documents; electronic journals; e‐reserves; and web sites.Findings – Electronic resources librarians, an emerging specialty, must develop effective practices to manage the varied electronic resources that continue to be accessioned within most libraries.Practical implications – This article provides a practical model to address these management issues.Originality/value – Provides common practices for the management of electronic resources and insights into possible problems that can arise when creating a one‐stop shopping archetype for electronic resource management.
Effect of packing and tilt on the rotational barriers of an amino, nitro-substituted phenylene ethynylene trimer.

Rotational potentials are computed for heptamers and nonamers of an amino, nitro-substituted phenylene ethynylene trimer molecule. A herringbone and a parallel-slipped packing arrangement are considered. The effect of tilting the molecules with respect to the surface as well as the effect of the gold support are also taken into account. The herringbone structure with the molecules perpendicular to the surface has a low rotational barrier (2 kcal/mol). Tilting the molecules by 30° increases the rotational barriers significantly (16 kcal/mol). The parallel-slipped structure has rotational barriers of 7 kcal/mol. Including the effect of the gold support increases the rotational barriers for tilted molecules but has little effect on perpendicular molecules.
EFFECTS OF PRESSURE SOLUTION AND FLUID MIGRATION ON INITIATION OF SHEAR ZONES AND FAULTS

Abstract Constitutive relations for an isotropic poro-power-law fluid are proposed in which the effective viscosities in both shear and dilation have the same power-law dependence on the second invariant of the deviatoric stress alone, but the viscosity in dilation is 1/ν times the viscosity in shear. The shear rate is otherwise proportional to the deviatoric stress and the dilation rate to an effective mean stress. The behavior may either involve Darcy flow of a pore fluid whose viscosity is much less than that of the solid matrix, or involve dissolution, diffusive transport, and precipitation of a soluble phase, as in pressure-solution. Linearized relations for small additional rate-of-deformation and stress superposed on a basic-state flow are obtained. These are used to treat the deformation due to a shallow, narrow indentation at the interface between a layer and an adjacent medium when both undergo bulk uniform layer-parallel shortening or extension. If the layer, the medium, or both, are nonlinear fluids with large stress exponent, shear-band like structures, extending from the indentation, and `reflecting' from any weak, slipping interface, occur in both the instantaneous velocity field and in the strain field. Since the materials considered have constant and uniform properties — e.g., they do not exhibit strain-softening — these features leave no imprint in the medium. They persist over mean strains of 10–20%, but are, like the indentation, ephemeral. It is hypothesized that localization due to an interfacial irregularity of this sort would produce bona fide shear bands if the material were strain-softening. The development of shear bands is enhanced if the adjacent medium has a large stress exponent, or if it is a poroviscous fluid with low resistance to dilation. In a poroviscous medium, dilation is concentrated in paired positive and negative lobes at the terminations of shear bands in the adjacent layer. The development of shear bands in a poroplastic layer is mildly suppressed, relative to that in an incompressible layer. Dilation is concentrated in paired loci at shear band terminations, with weaker, paired bands of positive and negative dilation on either side of the shear zone.
Abstract 4038: Aspirin acetylates p53 in colon cancer cells and induces the expression of p21 and Bax: Identification of aspirin acetylated sites on rp53

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Several studies over the past decade have shown that regular use of aspirin reduces the risk of cancers of various organs such as colon, breast, lung and prostate tissue. The mechanism by which aspirin exerts its anti-cancer effects is not clearly understood. Previous studies from our laboratory showed that aspirin acetylates the tumor suppressor protein p53 and modulates target gene expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We now have extended these studies to include HCT116 (wt-type p53) and HT-29 (mutant p53) colon cancer cells. Using anti-acetyl p53 antibody, we show in the present study that aspirin acetylated p53 at lysine 382 in both cell types. It also detected two other proteins of size 63 kDA and 35 kDa, which are likely to represent other isoforms of p53. Aspirin also acetylated recombinant p53 (rp53) in vitro, suggesting that the mechanism of cellular acetylation may be through a direct non-enzymatic chemical reaction. Mass spectrometry analysis of the aspirin-treated rp53 identified 7 acetylate lysine residues. In HCT116 and HT-29 cells, aspirin-induced acetylation of p53 was observed in a concentration dependent manner. The acetylated p53 was localized to the nucleus. Consistent with these observations, aspirin transiently increased p21, a protein involved in cell cycle arrest; however, the expression of the proapoptotic protein, Bax, was sustained. Treatment of cells with the anti-cancer drug, camptothecin, induced sustained induction of p21. Co-treatment with both camptothecin and aspirin decreased the expression of p21. Aspirin also potentiated camptothecin-induced cell death as measured by MTT assay, clonogenic cell survival assay and annexin V binding assay. Our results suggest that p53 pathway may contribute to the anti-cancer properties of aspirin. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4038. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4038
An automated high pressure reaction vessel for routine preparation of short-lived radiopharmaceuticals.

Abstract A remote, automated high-pressure/temperature system for preparation of radiopharmaceuticals is described. The system was routinely employed in our laboratories in the production of multimillicurie amounts of 11 C labeled d,l -amino acids in more than 90 production runs, with typical final d,l -product activities of 240–400 mCi. The high pressure system, however, is not restricted only to the production of 11 C labeled amino acids, but for application in any synthetic procedure requiring high pressure (∼300 psia) and temperature (>300°C).