cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EPISODIC REPRODUCTION IN TWO FIRE‐PRONE PALMS, SERENOA REPENS AND SABAL ETONIA (PALMAE)

This study examined how fire events affected the flowering of two native palms in a fire-prone environment. By examining how flowering varied across vegetative associations, I determined whether plant size or mass influenced flowering, whether canopy openness or increased soil fertility following fire enhanced flowering, and whether potential flowering stimuli interacted. Individuals of the widespread Serenoa repens and narrow endemic Sabal etonia were monitored (for a total of 9900 plant–year records) for growth performance and reproduction in flatwoods, scrubby flatwoods, scrub, and sandhill that were affected by single or multiple fires. In addition, clipping, fertilizing, and clipping+fertilizing experiments were conducted in three vegetative associations to simulate the effects of fire in order to ascertain which stimuli and their interactions encouraged flowering episodes. Both species exhibited marked resiliency to fire, rapidly resprouting from extensive underground stores. The frequencies of leaf...
A Two-Tiered Theory of Control

There is a persistent intuition running from the earliest to the most recent works on the topic, that obligatory control (OC) complements fall into two distinct types. In this study I recast this intuition in terms of the semantic distinction between attitude and nonattitude complements. I argue that the latter establish control by simple predication ("predicative control") but the former establish it by variable binding, where the bound variable is a projected coordinate of the embedded context of evaluation ("logophoric control"). I offer an explicit syntax-semantics analysis of the two types, utilizing the idea that logophoric control structures are constructed as a second tier above predicative control structures. In both, PRO figures as a minimal, featureless pronoun, which functions as a -abstractor upon movement. The analysis derives the obligatory de se reading of OC PRO as a special kind of de re attitude, without ascribing any inherent feature to PRO (a minimal pronoun). At the same time, it provides a principled explanation, based on feature transmission, for the agreement properties of PRO, which are stipulated on competing semantic accounts (the property theory and the indexical shift theory of OC). Importantly, it is capable of deriving a striking universal asymmetry between OC in attitude and non-attitude contexts: the fact that agreement on the embedded verb blocks the former but not the latter. This is handled by reference to the differential agreement properties of predication and variable binding. Further contrasts between the two types of OC follow, some of which unnoticed before, such as the visibility of implicit controllers and the [±human] value of PRO.
Current Issues in the Management of Patients with Hodgkin’s Disease

There is currently great and often heated debate over some important aspects of the management of patients with Hodgkin’s disease. New data concerning the proper staging of patients have been developed at several centers, but these data and their implications for staging and management have not been universally accepted. Research at several institutions has indicated that a combined modality approach to some patients with early stage disease offers the best chance of prolonged disease free survival. However, some investigators have argued that overall survival is not enhanced by such aggressive treatment because “salvage” chemotherapy will cure a significant fraction of radiation failures. “Salvage” therapy, however, has not been so effective in all studies. Those who favor the radiotherapy alone approach to all patients with early stage disease argue additionally that the frequency of second malignancies in patients with Hodgkin’s disease is greatest in patients who receive intensive combined modality therapy. Others point out that, while this may be true, closer examination of relevant data demonstrates that the incidence of second malignancies is greatest in patients who receive intensive radiotherapy initially, relapse, and then receive intensive combination chemotherapy as reinduction treatment. It must be noted that such reinduction chemotherapy constitutes “salvage” therapy.
Diffusion of complex objects embedded in free and supported lipid bilayer membranes: role of shape anisotropy and leaflet structure

We present a versatile numerical scheme to predict diffusion coefficients for arbitrarily shaped objects embedded in lipid bilayer membranes. Diffusion coefficients for micron-scale diamond-shaped solid domains are calculated for direct comparison to recent experiments. In supported membranes, identical objects in the distal and proximal leaflets may diffuse differently from one another; quantitative predictions for this asymmetry are provided, both for experimental systems and coarse-grained molecular simulations. We show that though recent experiments comparing the diffusion of monomeric, dimeric and trimeric protein assemblies moving over the surface of supported bilayers are inconsistent with the simplest Saffman–Delbruck model, they may be explained by a hydrodynamic model appropriate for supported membranes.
Thoughts Before a Line by Kleist

On 13 October 1810, Heinrich von Kleist publishes “Diverse Feelings before Friedrich's Seascape,” and “the art world gained one of its few indelible statements, destined to become inseparable from ...
Distributed forensics and incident response in the enterprise

Remote live forensics has recently been increasingly used in order to facilitate rapid remote access to enterprise machines. We present the GRR Rapid Response Framework (GRR), a new multi-platform, open source tool for enterprise forensic investigations enabling remote raw disk and memory access. GRR is designed to be scalable, opening the door for continuous enterprise wide forensic analysis. This paper describes the architecture used by GRR and illustrates how it is used routinely to expedite enterprise forensic investigations.
Effectiveness Comparison of Multiple Sticky-Trap Configurations for Sampling Pseudacteon spp. Phorid Flies (Diptera: Phoridae)

ABSTRACT A variety of traps have been developed for monitoring introduced populations of Pseudacteon spp. phorid flies (Diptera: Phoridae) across their established range in the United States. Such traps typically exploit common aspects of phorid fly biology and behavior, such as their attraction to live or dead red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), as well as the perching behavior of these parasitoids. However, populations of multiple species of phorid flies have been established in the United States to serve as biological control agents against S. invicta, and it is unclear if all trap designs are equally effective in sampling this variety of phorid species. This study investigated the effectiveness of six trap designs simultaneously during three sampling events in south- central Texas. Interactions between two species of phorid flies (Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier and P. curvatus B.) and their hosts have been intensively studied at this location for over eight yea...
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS INNER COORDINATION SPHERE LIGANDS ON THE DISSOCIATION RATE OF NICKEL MALONATE COMPLEXES.

Abstract : The effects of a number of strongly bonding ligands on the dissociation rates of malonate bidentate nickel complexes have been examined in aqueous nickel malonate solutions using the pressure-step and shock wave relaxation techniques with conductivity readout. The opening of the malonate chelate appears to be the rate controlling step in the dissociation of the malonate. The dissociation rate constant has been compared with the observed shift in the optical absorption peaks for the d-d orbital transitions in the various mixed nickel complexes. On the bases of this comparison the various ligands other than malonate and water in the inner coordination sphere of nickel have been divided into three classes. These effects are discussed in terms of charge on the ligand, crystal field stabilization energies and sigma and pi orbital character of the bonding. (Author)
Chicken and Turkey Oviductal pH at Known Times Postoviposition

Broiler-type chickens and turkeys were killed 2 to 10 min, 8 to 12 hr, and 18 to 22 hr postoviposition (PO), and pH values were determined in each oviductal segment. In the broiler-type chicken, significant pH differences were observed in the fimbria (from 7.28 at 2 to 19 min PO to 7.41 at 8 to 12 hr PO(, distal infundibulum (from 7.02 at 2 to 80 min PO to 7.21 at 8 to 12 PO), uterovaginal junction *UVJ) (from 6.92 at 18 to 22 hr PO to 7.18 at 8 to 12 hr PO(, and midvagina (from 7.15 at 2 to 19 min PO to 7.51 at 8 to 12 hr PO(. In the turkey, significant pH differences were observed in the isthmus (from 6.01 at 2 to 19 min PO to 6.81 at 18 to 22 hr PO), uterus (from 6.77 at 2 to 19 min PO to 7.03 at 8 to 12 hr PO(, UVJ (from 6.93 at 2 to 19 min PO to 7.24 at 8 to 12 hr PO) and everted vagina (from 6.95 at 8 to 12 hr and 18 to 22 hr PO to 7.30 at 2 to 10 min PO). It is not known at this time if the small range in pH found between the same oviductal segments at different times PO influence oviductal sperm metabolism, motility, or fertilizing capacity.
Atmospheric oscillations after the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens

Air waves corresponding both to direct (A1) and antipodean (A2) travel paths were clearly recorded on a sensitive microbarograph at Berkeley after the violent eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980 (see Figure 1). These unusual complementary recordings throw light on the acoustic energy released as compared with Krakatoa [Strachey, 1888], atmospheric oscillations and their attenuation, and the directive properties of the phreatic blast. The principal explosive eruptions followed closely on an earthquake, Richter magnitude 4.9, origin time 1532 GMT, centered near the volcano. Atmospheric waves and associated magnetic perturbations [Fougere and Tsacoyeanes, 1980] from these eruptions were recorded by microbarographs, seismographs, and magnetometers around the world. In particular, Ritsema [1980] has published records of the A1 atmospheric wave train and the A2 wave (called B1 by him) recorded at De Bilt, Holland. The A2 waves at De Bilt, however, are barely visible on the paper record.
Effect of Coprophagy Prevention and Antibiotics on Tissue Levels of Acetylcholine in Choline-deficient Weanling Rats '

The effect of coprophagy prevention and antibiotics on acetyl- choline levels of kidney, brain and small intestine in weanling rats fed choline- deficient diets was studied. It was found that 5 to 6 days of dietary choline deficiency resulted in decreased concentration of acetylcholine in kidney (64% ), brain (28% ) and small intestine (30% ). Coprophagy prevention or the inclu sion of antibiotics in the diet maintained the tissues' acetylcholine at normal or near-normal levels in the choline deficient rats. These results are similar to those which have been obtained by others in germfree rats. J. Nutr. 101: 25â€"28, 1971.
Three Dubious Hypotheses A Comment on Heper, Kim, and Pai

The August issue of Administration & Society carried an article by M. Heper, C. L. Kim, and S. Par entitled " The Role of Bureaucracy and Regime Types: A Comparative Study of Turkish and South Korean Civil Servants." The present article criticizes these authors' interpretation of previous writings in comparative public administration and suggests reformations of the Heper-Kim-Pat hypotheses that will reconcile their data with earlier theoretical positions
Clinical applications of gene therapy in head and neck cancer

Despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy, and the incorporation of novel systemic agents into treatment, long-term outcomes of patients with head and neck cancer remain unsatisfactory. The growing understanding of head and neck cancer biology suggests that targeting molecular events governing carcinogenesis or tumor progression may provide novel therapeutic approaches for head and neck cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is characterized by locoregional spread and is clinically accessible, making it an attractive target for intratumoral gene therapy, a potentially efficacious experimental treatment. Systemic delivery of gene therapy may be also possible, albeit with several limitations. In this review we will discuss the rationale, delivery methods, and accumulated clinical data with cancer gene therapy in SCCHN.
Images of Cloning and Stem Cell Research in Editorial Cartoons in the United States

Through semiotic analysis of manifest and latent meanings in editorial cartoons, the author uncovers how cloning and stem cell research are represented in a popular mass medium. She identified 86 editorial cartoons published in the United States between 2001 and 2004 that referred to cloning and 20 that referred to stem cell research. Cartoonists portrayed people individually 224 times and 4 times in groups of more than 10. Men were portrayed in 64% of cartoons. Stem cell research was depicted as having a potential positive value, and cloning was depicted negatively. Some major messages are that cloning will lead to the mass production of evil, cloning creates monsters, and politics will influence who or what will be cloned. Analyzing popular images can allow access to public understanding about genetic technology and evaluation of public beliefs, preconceptions, and expectations as the public is educated on the use and value of services.
Characterization of Lung Cancer by Amide Proton Transfer (APT) Imaging: An In-Vivo Study in an Orthotopic Mouse Model

Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging is one of the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging methods which images the exchange between protons of free tissue water and the amide groups (−NH) of endogenous mobile proteins and peptides. Previous work suggested the ability of APT imaging for characterization of the tumoral grade in the brain tumor. In this study, we tested the feasibility of in-vivo APT imaging of lung tumor and investigated whether the method could differentiate the tumoral types on orthotopic tumor xenografts from two malignant lung cancer cell lines. The results revealed that APT imaging is feasible to quantify lung tumors in the moving lung. The measured APT effect was higher in the tumor which exhibited more active proliferation than the other. The present study demonstrates that APT imaging has the potential to provide a characterization test to differentiate types or grade of lung cancer noninvasively, which may eventually reduce the need invasive needle biopsy or resection for lung cancer.
Silhouettes versus skeletons in gesture-based authentication with Kinect

Since its release, the Kinect has been successfully used in gesture recognition. Recent work has extended Kinect’s use towards biometric user authentication based on face, speech, gait, and gestures. Our work expands on the last of these modalities ‐ gestures, which have yielded promising authentication results in prior work. This paper aims to gain insight into how authentication methods that are based on silhouette features compare against those that are based on skeletal features in terms of trade-offs between authentication performance and robustness against some real-world degradations. On a dataset of 40 users that contains two types of degradations namely, user-memory and personaleffects (heavy coats, bags, etc.), we found that for userdefined gestures, skeletal features outperform silhouettes on average by 4.89% in terms of the Equal Error Rate (EER).
TRAMPS/2: trace referenced analysis model of the personal system/2

The trace referenced analysis model of the Personal System/2* (TRAMPS/2) is a unified system modeling tool used to assist developers in the evaluation and optimization of future Personal System/2 products. TRAMPS/2 offers flexibility to mix and match processor, cache, memory, and other system components to evaluate overall system performance. This paper provides an overview of TRAMPS/2, its trace collection methodology, Intel i386* DX and i386 SX model components development, and modelling results. >
Is Neuroticism A Risk Factor for CAD? Is Type A a Measure of Neuroticism?

This contribution has two main purposes. The first is to present a brief review of the empirical evidence which demonstrates that the personality dimension of neuroticism (N) is related to increased somatic complaints, including chest pain or angina-like complaints, but is not causally or etiologically related to objective signs or pathophysiological evidence of disease, especially coronary artery disease (CAD). The second purpose is to consider the implications of this empirical generalization for the conceptualization and assessment of the coronary-prone behavior pattern (CPBP) or type A behavior pattern (TABP).
Vitamin D and Cardiac Differentiation

Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25-D3) is the hormonally active metabolite of vitamin D. Experimental studies of vitamin D receptors and 1,25-D3 establish calcitriol to be a critical regulator of the structure and function of the heart. Clinical studies link vitamin D deficiency with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Emerging evidence demonstrates that calcitriol is highly involved in CVD-related signaling pathways, particularly the Wnt signaling pathway. Addition of 1,25-D3 to cardiomyocyte cells and examination of its effects on cardiomyocytes and mainly Wnt11 signaling allowed the specific characterization of the role of calcitriol in cardiac differentiation. 1,25-D3 is demonstrated to: (i) inhibit cell proliferation without promoting apoptosis; (ii) decrease expression of genes related to the regulation of the cell cycle; (iii) promote formation of cardiomyotubes; (iv) induce expression of casein kinase-1-α1, a negative regulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway; and (v) increase expression of noncanonical Wnt11, which has been recognized to induce cardiac differentiation during embryonic development and in adult cells. Thus, it appears that vitamin D promotes cardiac differentiation through negative modulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and upregulation of noncanonical Wnt11 expression. Future work to elucidate the role(s) of vitamin D in cardiovascular disorders will hopefully lead to improvement and potentially prevention of CVD, including abnormal cardiac differentiation in settings such as postinfarction cardiac remodeling.
Digital Preservation by Design

Current knowledge is produced, disseminated, and stored in digital format. This data will not be preserved by benign neglect; digital information will be preserved only through active management. This chapter will provide a theoretical foundation for digital preservation, an overview of current best practice for digital preservation, and a research agenda as well as a proscriptive framework by which to design digital preservation into a system.
Red-green-blue model.

We experimentally study the red-green-blue model, which is a system of loops obtained by superimposing three dimer coverings on offset hexagonal lattices. We find that when the boundary conditions are ``flat,'' the red-green-blue loops are closely related to stochastic Loewner evolution with parameter \ensuremath{\kappa}=4 $({\mathrm{SLE}}_{4})$ and double-dimer loops, which are the loops formed by superimposing two dimer coverings of the Cartesian lattice. But we also find that the red-green-blue loops are more tightly nested than the double-dimer loops. We also investigate the two-dimensional minimum spanning tree, and find that it is not conformally invariant.
Sperm motility, morphology, hyperactivation, and ionophore-induced acrosome reactions after overnight incubation with mycoplasmas*

Objective To evaluate the effect on the function on human sperm of overnight incubation with mycoplasma species. Design Prospective controlled in vitro study. Setting Community-based sperm bank and andrology laboratory. Interventions Percoll-separated sperm were incubated overnight with a low densities of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum serotypes. Main Outcome Measures Motility, midpiece and tail morphology, hyperactivation after overnight capacitation, and acrosome status after incubation with calcium ionophore. Results Overnight incubation with mycoplasma species resulted in small but highly statistically significant differences in motility, morphology, hyperactivation after overnight capacitation, and proportion acrosome reacted after incubation with calcium ionophore compared with controls. Conclusions Incubation with mycoplasma species impairs sperm physiology. Identification and treatment of mycoplasma may augment a physiology-based infertility evaluation.
Conservative Tests under Satisficing Models of Publication Bias

Publication bias leads consumers of research to observe a selected sample of statistical estimates calculated by producers of research. We calculate critical values for statistical significance that could help to adjust after the fact for the distortions created by this selection effect, assuming that the only source of publication bias is file drawer bias. These adjusted critical values are easy to calculate and differ from unadjusted critical values by approximately 50%—rather than rejecting a null hypothesis when the t-ratio exceeds 2, the analysis suggests rejecting a null hypothesis when the t-ratio exceeds 3. Samples of published social science research indicate that on average, across research fields, approximately 30% of published t-statistics fall between the standard and adjusted cutoffs.
Estimation of impact damping parameters for a cam–follower system based on measurements and analytical model

Abstract A new cam–follower system experiment capable of generating periodic impacts is utilized to estimate the impact damping model parameters. The experiment is designed to precisely measure the forces and acceleration during impulsive events. The impact damping force is described as a product of a damping coefficient, the indentation displacement raised to the power of a damping index, and the time derivative of the indentation displacement. A novel time-domain based technique and a signal processing procedure are developed to accurately estimate the damping coefficient and index. The measurements are compared to the predictions from a corresponding contact mechanics model with trial values of damping parameters on the basis of a particular residue; both parameters are quantified based on the minimization of this residue. The estimated damping parameters are justified using the literature and an equivalent coefficient of restitution model is developed. Also, some unresolved issues regarding the impact damping model are addressed.
Differential Resistance of Corn Rootworms to Insecticides in Nehraska and Adjoining States

The relative resistance of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica rirgifera LeConte to aldrin and diazinon was determined for adults collected from 18 sites in Nebraska and from several sites in adjacent States. The LD50 values in micrograms/gram of insect were determined by topical application for all collection sites. The results indicate a wide range in susceptibility for insects collected in Nebraska. By comparison with the LD60 values of Nebraska-collected insects, it would appear that control problems might occur ill some of the surrounding States in the near future.
Uptake of 2-deoxyglucose analogs by thrombotically activated cells

327 Objectives Acute intravascular thrombosis is associated with focal increased uptake of FDG on PET and may provide a surrogate of early molecular events in the thrombotic cascade. Thrombi are rich in platelets, but also in neutrophils and monocytes. The objective was to characterize 2-deoxyglucose uptake by thrombotic activation of these cells. Methods Human neutrophils, platelets and monocytes were isolated and thrombotically activated by platelet activating factor (PAF), thrombin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. The effect of activation on uptake of D-glucose analogs (fluorescent NBDG, 18F-FDG, 14C-2DG) was measured by gamma well counting, liquid scintillation counting, confocal microscopy, or flow cytometry. Activation-induced expression and localization of GLUT transporters and hexokinase (HK) was established by real-time PCR, or immunostaining with Western Blot analysis, confocal microscopy, or flow cytometry. Results PAF activation of neutrophils results in rapid 3-4 fold increase in uptake of D-glucose analogs, associated with increases in expression of GLUT-1, GLUT-3, GLUT-4, HK1, HK3, and small increases in GLUT-5 and 6. Thrombin activation of platelets results in a very rapid 3 fold increase in uptake of D-glucose analogs, and a 4-6 fold increase in membrane-associated GLUT-3 expression, likely by rapid externalization of an internal pool of transporter. LPS stimulation of monocytes produces only a minimal (10-30%) increase in glucose uptake, with a slight increase in GLUT-1 expression only. Conclusions Thrombogenic activation of platelets and neutrophils results in significant increased uptake of D-glucose analogs, associated with increased expression of GLUT-1, GLUT-3, GLUT-4, HK1, and HK 3, and externalization of an internal pool of GLUT-3 transporters by platelets. Stimulated monocytes show minimal increased uptake of D-glucose analogs. FDG PET may provide an imaging surrogate of early molecular events associated with thrombogenesis, and a mechanism for early assessment of antithrombotic therapies. Research Support NIH/NCI R01CA121003-01A
Text Reading of Chinese Classes Bases on the Students' Need

along with the change of thorough,the Chinese people come to realize that the current Chinese teaching existing a big problem,not the teaching target and the teaching method,but the language teaching content.And personalized text interpretation,grain read and hermeneutics text reading the text reading for the mainstream view in a certain extent,is conducive to Chinese text interpretation of problem solving,but it ignored the text and the correspondency of students-students need,although in real classroom teaching,the teacher must to learn before need learning needs analysis,but this behaviour is teacher's subjective analysis lack of objective and rational,text interpretation and students need to separate,students need not guide teachers to text reading.This paper tries to analyze it obtained the conclusion is of practical significance.
Analysis on Antibacterial Activity of Chloramphenicol and Rifampin to Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Objective To explore the antibacterial activity of chloramphenicol and rifampin to mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP).Methods Three hundred and seventy throat swab specimens were cultured to isolate MP.Clinical isolated strains were identified by nested polymerase chain reaction(PCR) of MP species specific 16SrRNA gene.Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of erythromycin was determined by antibiotic susceptibility test and 23SrRNA gene was amplified by nested PCR to identify macrolide resistant strains.MIC of rifampin and chloramphenicol were determined by antibiotic susceptibility test.Results Fifty clinical strains were isolated from 370 specimens.Of 50 strains,4 strains were susceptible to erythromycin,while 46 strains were erythromycin resistant.Forty-six resistant strains had a point mutation respectively in 23SrRNA gene,4 susceptible strains had not point mutation.All isolated strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol and resistant to rifampin.Conclusion Rifampin is not effective to MP,and Chloramphenicol is effective to erythromycin susceptible and resistant MP strain.
The influence of displacement damage on deuterium retention in tungsten exposed to divertor plasma in DIII-D

Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of displacement damage on retention of deuterium in tungsten plasma-facing components in a tokamak. Tungsten samples, previously damaged by ion irradiation, were exposed to the outer strike point of attached H-mode plasmas in DIII-D. Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) was used to measure the depth profile of deuterium retained in the tungsten. Displacement damage increased the concentration of retained deuterium to the maximum depth (about 2.5 {micro}m) of the damage, to concentrations up to 0.003 D/W, compared to D/W < 10{sup -5} in undamaged W. Tungsten coverage on adjacent carbon surfaces of the probe was mapped by Rutherford backscattering, giving the average tungsten erosion rate and spatial variation of redeposition.
Modeling the effects of surcharge accumulation on terrestrial and planetary wide-blade soil–tillage tool interactions

Abstract Several experimental results in the literature demonstrate that tillage and excavation forces increase dramatically as soil accumulates ahead of a cutting blade, however these effects are not always modeled; when they are added to classical models, they are included as a surcharge force without consideration of the soil properties of the piled soil, other than mass. This work introduces a modified McKyes excavation cutting model, that takes into account the friction angle and cohesion of the piled soil when computing the failure plane of a cut. Simulation results show that this new model replicates the decreasing failure plane angles, as a cut proceeds, observed in experimental and Discrete Element Model (DEM) results in the literature. Simulations at 1 g and 1/6 g gravity, with various levels of cohesion, show that excavation forces due to soil accumulation are especially sensitive to cohesion in planetary excavation. These results elaborate on prior work in the literature showing that cohesion plays an important role when soil accumulation is not considered. Modeling such aspects of excavation without resorting to computationally-intensive DEM is especially useful in autonomous terrestrial excavators that must model and plan cutting in real-time or in planetary excavators where computing power is limited.
Heterogeneous Production of Perchlorate and Chlorate By Ozone Oxidation of Chloride: Implications on the Source of (Per)Chlorate in the Solar System.

The occurrence of chlorate (ClO3–) and perchlorate (ClO4–) in the terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments has been partly attributed to ozone (O3)-mediated oxidation of chlorine-bearing compounds. This is based on varying elevated Δ17O values in all measured terrestrial natural ClO4– as well as the nearly universal co-equal occurrence of ClO3– and ClO4–, which has only been reported to occur for dry oxidation of Cl–, a process for which little information is available. In this study, we examine possible factors influencing ClO4– and ClO3– formation by O3 oxidation of sodium chloride (NaCl) salt and hydrochloric acid (HCl) gas in glass reactor vessels. We show that longer reaction times increase production of ClO4– and ClO3–, with ClO3– production generally being lower than ClO4– by 1–2 orders of magnitude. For 1 day oxidation periods, ClO4–/ClO3– ratios were relatively constant (∼50) for low Cl– masses and decreased over 3 orders of magnitude for higher (∼100×) Cl– masses. Perchlorate mass increased...
X-ray diffraction structure of the phosphido-bridged mixed-metal cluster Fe2(CO)6(μ3-PPh)2Pt(dppe)

Treatment of Fe2(CO)6(μ2-PPhH)2 with BuLi (2 equiv.), followed by the addition of PtCl2 (dppe), affords the phosphido-bridged cluster Fe2(CO)6(μ3-PPh)2Pt(dppe). The Fe2Pt cluster was isolated and characterized in solution by IR and 31P NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structure of Fe2(CO)6(μ3-PPh)2Pt(dppe) determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Fe2(CO)6(μ3-PPh)2Pt(dppe) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca, a = 17.539(3) A, b = 21.490(2) A, c = 22.959(3) A, V = 8653.5(18) A3, Z = 8, dcalc = 1.670 g cm−3; R = 0.0644, Rw = 0.0389 for 5040 observed reflections with I > 3σ(I).
An s—d-Shell-Model Study for A = 18–22

Using the full basis of Pauli-allowed (0s)4 (0p)12(1s, 0d) A -16 states, we have performed conventional shell-model calculations for A = 18–22. Seven alternative (1 + 2)-body Hamiltonians were used. Two of these were the “realistic” Hamiltonians proposed by Kuo and Brown, and by Kuo, for A = 18. Five others were obtained by choosing five different adjustable forms for the (1 + 2)-body Hamiltonian operator, and then optimizing the free parameters in these forms so as to get least-square fits to measured energy-level data in A = 17–22. For levels which seem to be members of ground-state bands, all seven Hamiltonians yield fair-to-good reproduction of experimental data for the following kinds of observables: excitation energies, spectroscopic factors for single-nucleon transfer, electric quadrupole moments, intraband B(E2) strengths, and magnetic moments. Within ground-state bands there is generally very striking similarity between our shell-model E1 results, and the E2 results predicted by a strong-coupling rotational model. This general similarity, and the exceptions to it, can be explained qualitatively by arguments involving SU 3 shell models. For observables involving levels outside ground-state bands, the agreement with experiment is spotty and there is considerable sensitivity to the choice among our seven Hamiltonians. Again, SU 3 considerations are helpful in explaining these features. Some very simple shell models can account for the pattern of weakness and strength seen among our shell-model B(M1) values.
Characteristics and hormonal regulation of amino acid transport system A in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Publisher Summary Nutrient transport across biological membranes is gaining increased recognition as an important site for metabolic regulation. In many instances, the transport of a nutrient across the plasma membrane represents the first step in its catabolism. The characterization of amino acid transport in eukaryotic cells has received a great deal of attention in the recent years. As a result, more information has been obtained for amino acid transport in rat hepatocytes than for any other cell type with the possible exception of the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell. Although nine separate systems have been shown to mediate amino-acid transport in isolated hepatocytes, System A has been studied in detail than any of the others. Despite the large number of descriptive investigations that have focused on hepatic System A, there are several areas of characterization that remain to be explored. Some of these should wait until isolation of the proteins responsible for System A activity makes them feasible, but several interesting studies can be undertaken at the cellular level as well.
Development of piriform cortex interhemispheric connections via the anterior commissure: progressive and regressive strategies

The anterior commissure (AC) is a phylogenetically conserved inter-hemispheric connection found among vertebrates with bilateral symmetry. The AC connects predominantly olfactory areas but many aspects of its development and structure are unknown. To fill this gap, we investigated the embryonic and postnatal development of the AC by tracing axons with DiI and the piggyback transposon multicolor system. With this strategy, we show that axon growth during establishment of the AC follows a strictly regulated timeline of events that include waiting periods ("regressive strategies") as well as periods of active axon outgrowth ("progressive strategies"). We also provide evidence that these processes may be regulated in the midline via overexpression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Additionally, we demonstrate that the ipsi- and contralateral innervation of piriform cortex occurs simultaneously. Morphologically, we found that 20% of axons were myelinated by postnatal day (P) 22, in a process that occurred fundamentally around P14. By immunohistochemistry, we described the presence of glial cells and two new subtypes of neurons: one expressing a calretinin (CR)-/MAP2+ phenotype, distributed homogeneously inside the AC; and the other expressing a CR+/MAP2+ phenotype that lies beneath the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Our results are consistent with the notion that the AC follows a strictly regulated program during the embryonic and postnatal development similarly to other distal targeting axonal tracts.
Patient-Driven Diabetes Care of the Future in the Technology Era

The growing burden of diabetes is fueled by obesity-inducing lifestyle behaviors including high-calorie diets and lack of physical activity. Challenges in access to diabetes specialists and educators, low adherence to medications, and inadequate motivational support for proper disease self-management contribute to poor glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Simultaneously, high patient volumes and low reimbursement rates limit physicians' time spent on lifestyle behavior counseling. These barriers to efficient diabetes care lead to high rates of diabetes-related complications, driving healthcare costs up and reducing the quality of patients' lives. Considering recent advancements in healthcare delivery technologies such as smartphone applications, telemedicine, m-health, device connectivity, machine-learning technology, and artificial intelligence, there is significant opportunity to achieve better efficiency in diabetes care and increase patient involvement in diabetes self-management, which ultimately may put an end to soaring diabetes-related healthcare expenditures. This review explores the patient-driven diabetes care of the future in the technology era.
The GST Tax Tail is Killing the Rule Against Perpetuities

This Article examines the affect the generation-skipping transfer (GST) tax system has on the Rule against Perpetuities. The author asserts that the Rule Against Perpetuities is being repealed by states not because it is an ancient rule which no longer serves any social policy, but rather so that wealthy individuals will be able to create perpetual dynasty trusts to exploit the GST tax system. This Article shows that states, in the blind race to facilitate the exploitation of the GST exemption by perpetual dynasty trusts, have overlooked the non-tax societal reasons for some rule against perpetuities. The author evaluates the positive and negative consequences of the perpetuities repeal movement, concluding that the GST tax tail is sadly killing a vitally important societal rule that limits unacceptable control by the dead hand.
Harnessing real-world data to inform treatment decisions in multiple sclerosis.

Consensus is lacking regarding the initiation and sequencing of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for management of multiple sclerosis (MS), resulting in variable use in clinical practice. As novel DMTs with different efficacy and safety profiles emerge based on clinical trials, it is increasingly important to compare the effectiveness and safety of DMTs in clinical practice. Comparing individual therapies in a pairwise fashion in a robust randomized clinical trial (RCT) is costly, rarely occurs, and may not generalize well to the clinical setting, given that clinical trial populations often exclude individuals with comorbidities and of extreme ages.1
Total colonic tubular duplication causing severe constipation

Abstract Aim To report the case of a patient with total colonic tubular duplication pointing out the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties and reviewing the Literature concerning this rare malformation. Case report The patient was a female girl born at term with vertebral and spinal anomalies. At 6 months she underwent emergent left upper lobectomy for a symptomatic, previously undiagnosed left congenital lobar emphysema. She also had intractable coprostasis and abdominal distension. The clinical picture and the results of the contrast enema made us think of congenital megacolon but suction rectal biopsies were inconclusive. Therefore we obtained full thickness colonic and terminal ileum biopsies and we performed an ileostomy for faecal diversion and bowel management. A few months later, the anterograde contrast study from the distal ileostomy showed two colons with proximal communication and a distal pouch. On laparotomy, we confirmed the diagnosis of complete colonic tubular duplication. We divided the common wall between the two colons, we performed a mucosectomy and we removed the duplicated segment. Post-operative course was uneventful. Conclusions Duplications of the colon are rare and the diagnosis is not easy. Two main problems occurred during surgery: differentiating between normal and duplicated colon and removing the duplication avoiding extensive colonic resections. Resection of the common wall, mucosectomy and removal of the duplicated colon represented a feasible and safe procedure.
Extracurricular Activities and Bullying Among Children and Adolescents with Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between participation in extracurricular activities and bullying perpetration and victimization among children and adolescents with disabilities. A nationally representative sample of 1906 children with and 15,901 children without disabilities and 1782 adolescents with and 15,885 adolescents without disabilities from the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health was utilized. Parent-reported responses pertaining to bullying perpetration and victimization and extracurricular engagement were analyzed. Separate multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted for children and adolescents, and separate analyses were conducted with a full sample of children as well as with a subset of children with disabilities. A nationally representative sample of 1906 children with and 15,901 children without disabilities and 1782 adolescents with and 15,885 adolescents without disabilities from the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health was utilized. Parent-reported responses pertaining to bullying perpetration and victimization and extracurricular engagement were analyzed. Results indicated that extracurricular engagement can reduce the likelihood of experiencing bullying victimization among adolescences with disabilities. However, extracurricular engagement was not associated with lower odds of bullying perpetration. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role extracurricular engagement can play in bullying behaviors among youth with disabilities. Similar to children without disabilities, it appears that engagement in extracurricular activities is significantly associated with lower odds of experiencing bullying victimization among those with disabilities. Conversely, the positive effects of extracurricular involvement on bullying perpetration risk was not evident in this current study.
Chapter 9 – Integumentary System

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure and function of the skin, diseases of the skin, and clinical examination of the skin. The skin is composed of two distinct layers: the epidermis and the dermis. It serves as a barrier between the internal aqueous environment of the body and the dry and gaseous external environment. The epidermis, which is constantly regenerating its keratinized layers, serves as a replaceable physical covering for the entire body. Skin heals rapidly following puncture, penetration, or exposure of the underlying dermis, assuring continued stability of the internal aqueous environment of the body. A number of infectious etiologies affect the skin either as primary pathogens or by causing a systemic disease with cutaneous signs. Nonhuman primates may be infected with a variety of common dermatomycoses. The clinical signs associated with dermatomycoses are dry scaly lesions with the circumscribed areas of alopecia. A number of agents and conditions have clinical manifestations of a disease that affect the skin even though the skin is not the primary site for the agent.
Online Period Selection for Wireless Control Systems

Recent advancements in Industrial Internet-of- Things and cyber-physical systems through the development of wireless standards like WirelessHART and ISA100 for real-time and reliable communication paved the way for a new industrial trend called Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 proposes to improve pro- duction efficiency by employing smart factories. One approach to improve the production efficiency is to predict the external disturbances and adjust the sampling periods accordingly. In a wireless control system, an online adjustment of the sampling periods can decrease the energy consumption of nodes, especially when the system is within a stable state. Although adjusting the sampling period is beneficial, the stability of the system may be compromised due to external disturbances through an increase in sampling period while decreasing the sampling period can impact the real-time performance and energy of the wireless network. Existing work on online sampling period selection assumes that the controller computes the periods and schedules, and repeatedly broadcasts the new sampling periods and schedules to all the nodes. Such an approach is highly energy consuming and can impact control performance. In contrast, to handle online period selection, we propose an autonomous scheduler based on game theory, where each node in the network generates the schedules locally and without any communication with the others. Our approach can handle any changes in the period and link qualities locally and on the fly. We also propose a heuristic for online sampling period assignment, where each node predicts the state and adjust the period locally. Our evaluation on a case study shows that the proposed approach consumes at least 59% less energy when compared to the state-of-the-art approach.
BCCIP is required for nucleolar recruitment of eIF6 and 12S pre-rRNA production during 60S ribosome biogenesis

Ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental process required for cell proliferation. Although evolutionally conserved, the mammalian ribosome assembly system is more complex than in yeasts. BCCIP was originally identified as a BRCA2 and p21 interacting protein. A partial loss of BCCIP function was sufficient to trigger genomic instability and tumorigenesis. However, a complete deletion of BCCIP arrested cell growth and was lethal in mice. Here, we report that a fraction of mammalian BCCIP localizes in the nucleolus and regulates 60S ribosome biogenesis. Both abrogation of BCCIP nucleolar localization and impaired BCCIP-eIF6 interaction can compromise eIF6 recruitment to the nucleolus and 60S ribosome biogenesis. BCCIP is vital for a pre-rRNA processing step that produces 12S pre-rRNA, a precursor to the 5.8S rRNA. However, a heterozygous Bccip loss was insufficient to impair 60S biogenesis in mouse embryo fibroblasts, but a profound reduction of BCCIP was required to abrogate its function in 60S biogenesis. These results suggest that BCCIP is a critical factor for mammalian pre-rRNA processing and 60S generation and offer an explanation as to why a subtle dysfunction of BCCIP can be tumorigenic but a complete depletion of BCCIP is lethal.