cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seizure Freedom in Children With Pathology-Confirmed Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Abstract Objective We evaluated the temporal course of seizure outcome in children with pathology-confirmed focal cortical dysplasia and explored predictors of sustained seizure freedom. Methods We performed a single-center retrospective study of children ≤18 years who underwent resective surgery from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2012 and had pathology-proven focal cortical dysplasia. Surgical outcome was classified as seizure freedom (Engel class I) or seizure recurrence (Engel classes II-IV). Fisher exact and nonparametric Wilcoxon ranksum tests were used, as appropriate. Survival analysis was based on seizure-free outcome. Patients were censored at the time of seizure recurrence or seizure freedom at last follow-up. Results Thirty-eight patients were identified (median age at surgery, 6.5 years; median duration of epilepsy, 3.3 years). Median time to last follow-up was 13.5 months (interquartile range, 7-41 months). Twenty patients (53%) were seizure free and 26 patients (68%) attained seizure freedom for a minimum of 3 months. Median time to seizure recurrence was 38 months (95% confidence interval, 6-109 months), and the cumulative seizure-free rate was 60% at 12 months (95% confidence interval, 43%-77%). Clinical features associated with seizure freedom at last follow-up included older age at seizure onset ( P = .02), older age at surgery ( P = .04), absent to mild intellectual disability before surgery ( P = .05), and seizure freedom for a minimum of 3 months ( P Conclusion Favorable clinical features associated with sustained seizure freedom included older age at seizure onset, older age at surgery, absent or mild intellectual disability at baseline, and seizure freedom for a minimum of 3 months.
The Importance of Saccular Function to Motor Development in Children with Hearing Impairments

Children with hearing deficits frequently have delayed motor development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate saccular function in children with hearing impairments using the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP). The impact of the saccular hypofunction on the timely maturation of normal balance strategies was examined using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). Thirty-three children with bilateral severe/profound hearing impairment between 4 and 7 years of age were recruited from a three-state area. Approximately half of the sample had one or bilateral cochlear implants, one used bilateral hearing aids, and the rest used no amplification. Parents reported whether the hearing impairment was diagnosed within the first year or after 2 years of age. No VEMP was evoked in two thirds of the hearing impaired (HI) children in response to the bone-conducted stimulus. Children who were reportedly hearing impaired since birth had significantly poorer scores when tested with the Movement ABC.
Transportable Research Instrument: a PDA-based laboratory for science experiments

We introduce the Transportable Research Instrument (TRIcorder) system, an implementation of a PDA-based laboratory (PBL). The hardware component uses PDAs and wireless sensors to conduct and collect data for high school laboratory experiments. The software component, experimental assistant uses a gesturing user-interface to lead students through the experimental procedure and graphically present the experimental results. The TRIcorder system design attempts to capitalize on the unique PDA's affordances of portability, context sensitivity, and individuality to implement a PBL.
The effects of an ultrasonic toothbrush on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an ultrasonic toothbrush to reduce plaque and gingival inflammation when compared to a manual toothbrush. 62 healthy adult patients with a plaque index of at least 2.0, a 50% bleeding index and at least 16 natural teeth participated in this study. 31 patients were randomly assigned to the manual toothbrush group (group A) and 31 were assigned to an ultrasonic toothbrush group (group B). The Turesky et al. plaque index (PI), Eastman bleeding index, and Loe & Silness gingival index (GI) were performed at baseline, 15, and 30 days at the beginning of each appointment (pre-brushing). Patients then brushed with their assigned toothbrush and a post-brushing plaque index was recorded. Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine between group differences on the parameters of all clinical indices. Results of the pre-brushing plaque index in group B were significantly lower at 15 and 30 days compared to group A. The post-brushing plaque index demonstrated no statistically significant between or within group differences. Both groups demonstrated significant within group reductions in GI and BI from baseline to 15 days and from 15 to 30 days, however, no between group differences were noted. The results of this study support the ability of an ultrasonic toothbrush to significantly remove plaque and reduce inflammation as well as a manual toothbrush over a 30 day period.
Expression of PGP 9.5 in granular cell nerve sheath tumors: an immunohistochemical study of six cases.

Background: Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) is expressed in brain at 20 to 50 times the levels detected in other organs. Immunohistochemical studies reveal this protein is localized to both central and peripheral neurons. Recently, PGP 9.5 is reported to be a useful marker for cellular neurothekeomas. Herein we test whether PGP 9.5 is a new marker for granular cell nerve sheath tumors. Material and Methods: An immunohistochemical analysis for PGP 9.5 expression was carried out on all cases with the diagnosis of granular cell nerve sheath tumor seen over a 2-year period. In addition, we compared expression of PGP 9.5 with other accepted markers for neuroectodermal tumors including anti-S-100 protein and NKI/C3 monoclonal antibodies. Results: Six granular cell nerve sheath tumors were diagnosed in over 80,000 dermatopathology specimens in the two-year period. These cases were all positive for PGP 9.5 as well as for S-100 protein and NK1/C3. Conclusion: These findings identify PGP 9.5 as a new immunohistochemical marker for use in the diagnosis of granular cell tumors. They also strengthen the histogenetic relationship between granular cell nerve sheath tumors and tumors of Schwann cell or perineurial origin.
Transition Metal-Promoted Oxygen Ion Conductors as Oxidation Catalyst

A novel metal oxide composite catalyst for the complete oxidation of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons was prepared by combining oxygen ion conducting materials with active transition metals. The oxygen ion conductors used were typical fluorite-type oxides, such as ceria, zirconia, and others. Active base metal catalysts, such as copper, were used as additives to promote the catalytic properties of oxygen ion conductors. The intimate contact of the two kinds of materials gave rise to a highly active oxidation catalyst. On Cu-Ce-O composite catalysts, 95% of carbon monoxide was oxidized by air at ~100 °C. Complete methane oxidation on the same catalyst took place at ~550 °C. When the stoichiometric amount of sulfur dioxide was used to oxidize carbon monoxide, 96% of sulfur dioxide was reduced to elemental sulfur at temperatures above 460 °C with 99% of sulfur dioxide conversion. This type of composite catalyst also showed excellent resistance to water poisoning.
Four-view SPECT brain imaging detector: a compact, simple design

A four-view brain SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) detector design which addresses the volume sensitivity and resolution needed for effective SPECT imaging of the total brain volume is described. This design has the sensitivity advantages of an array of four discrete cameras but functions essentially like a single camera head. Four separate flat crystals are surrounded with PMTs (photomultiplier tubes) which perform as a single array for photon event detection. Unique windows on adjoining crystal edges are coupled to corner light pipe/PMT assemblies. Reduced edge packing range and sharing of corner PMTs allow a compact assembly volume, even with 3-in PMTs. The imaging volume is approximately a 23-cm cube, and the imaging electronics are nearly the same as used in a single 64-PMT gamma camera. >
Coming closer to describing the variable onset patterns in autism.

O s s t g a n I t has long been recognized that autism has variable patterns of symptom onset; however, the goal of reliably describing these patterns has been difficult to achieve. A study by Ozonoff and colleagues published in this issue of the Journal takes us one step closer that that goal. Traditionally, investigators have relied on parent report or home videotapes to explore the emergence of autism symptoms. Each of these methods has strengths and weaknesses. Parents’ ability to accurately recall the details of their children’s early development is influenced by a range of factors, including the time since the event occurred, birth order, and presence of an older sibling with autism. Parent report is also influenced by the types of questions asked, for example, whether the questions focus on language versus social regression. Home videotapes present a different type of challenge. Compared with parent report, the observations are limited to small segments of the child’s life, such as birthday parties, which may not represent the child’s typical behavior. In addition, parents may be less likely to videotape their child when he or she is exhibiting concerning behaviors, such as overly repetitive toy play. More recently, prospective longitudinal studies of infants at higher risk for autism from the presence of an older affected sibling have allowed investigators to systematically observe infant development before and at the time that autism symptoms begin to appear. Although studies of high-risk infant siblings are providing new and important insights into the early manifestations of autism, including different patterns of symptom onset, they also are subject to certain biases. When high-risk infant siblings are followed in the context of a study, children are more likely to be referred to early intervention specialists and this will likely alter the course of the child’s development. Furthermore, high-risk in-
Diagnostic Test Generation Based on Subsets of Faults

We describe a diagnostic test generation procedure that deals with the large numbers of target fault pairs by considering subsets of faults. Each subset of faults is targeted separately during diagnostic test generation, and fault pairs are defined only out of the faults included in a subset. With M subsets of size K, the number of fault pairs considered is at most MK(K-1)/2 instead of N(N-1)/2 for a circuit with N target faults. Fault subsets can be defined using information about faults that are likely to be difficult or important to distinguish. In this work, fault subsets are defined based on structural analysis of the circuit.
Some geological implications of equilibrium between graphite and a C‐H‐O gas phase at high temperatures and pressures

Geological implications of equilibrium between graphite and C-H-O gas phase at high pressures and temperatures
Bootstrap Confidence Intervals for Ordinary Least Squares Factor Loadings and Correlations in Exploratory Factor Analysis

This article is concerned with using the bootstrap to assign confidence intervals for rotated factor loadings and factor correlations in ordinary least squares exploratory factor analysis. Coverage performances of SE-based intervals, percentile intervals, bias-corrected percentile intervals, bias-corrected accelerated percentile intervals, and hybrid intervals are explored using simulation studies involving different sample sizes, perfect and imperfect models, and normal and elliptical data. The bootstrap confidence intervals are also illustrated using a personality data set of 537 Chinese men. The results suggest that the bootstrap is an effective method for assigning confidence intervals at moderately large sample sizes.
High peak power dielectric resonator oscillator combiner

The author describes an approach that achieves significant amounts of peak power from an oscillator, dielectrically stabilized, and power combined, in one stage. The active elements used were stacked Gunn diodes operating in X- and Ku-bands. 40 W and 112 W of peak power were measured from two-diode and four-diode DRO/combiners respectively, operating in X-band (9.3 GHz), and 13.5 W of peak power was measured from a two-diode DRO/combiner in Ku-band (16.3 GHz). The approach presented makes possible the production of sources with fewer active devices, and reduces the number of circulators and isolators needed to achieve the same amount of output power (versus the conventional approach of using a low-level DRO followed by a cascade of amplifier/power combiner stages). >
Three‐dimensional finite element solution of gas‐assisted injection moulding

This paper presents a finite element algorithm for solving gas-assisted injection moulding problems. The filling material is considered incompressible and has temperature and shear rate dependent viscosity. The solution of the three-dimensional (3D) equations modelling the momentum, mass and energy conservation is coupled with two front-tracking equations, which are solved for the polymer/air and gas/polymer interfaces. The performances of the proposed procedure are quantified by solving the gas-assisted injection problem on a thin plate with a flow channel. Solutions are shown for different polymer/gas ratios injected. The effect of the melt temperature, gas pressure and gas injection delay, on the solution behaviour is also investigated. The approach is then applied to a thick 3D part. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alien wavelength transport: An operational and economic analysis

A new alien wavelength architecture used in long-haul IP over WDM networks is compared against traditional transponder-based WDM. Operational impact and network economics are provided, showing minimal network benefit.
The Effects of Microstructure on the Brightness of Pulsed Laser Deposited Y2O3:Eu Thin Film Phosphors for Field Emission Displays

In order to investigate the effect of microstructure on the brightness of thin film phosphors for field emission displays, Y2O3:Eu thin film phosphors were prepared using pulsed laser deposition. To deconvolute the effects experimentally, the Y2O3:Eu films of controlled thickness and microstructure were prepared on various substrate materials such as amorphous quartz, (0001) sapphire, (100) lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3), and (100) silicon wafers. Cathodoluminescent brightness and efficiency of the films were obtained in both transmission and reflection modes. The Y2O3:Eu films deposited on the quartz substrates showed the maximum brightness followed by the films on (0001) sapphire, (100) lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3), and (100) silicon substrates. The role of interface scattering of the emitted light on the film brightness will be discussed together with changing surface roughness and film thickness.
Psychometric properties of the euroqol five dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D) in caregivers of autistic children

Purpose This study aimed to ascertain the psychometric properties of EuroQol Five Dimensional Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) in primary caregivers of children with autism. The convergent validity, discriminant validity, known-groups validity, internal consistency reliability, and floor and ceiling effects of EQ-5D-3L were analyzed.
Heat-Induced Longevity Extension in Drosophila. I. Heat Treatment, Mortality, and Thermotolerance

Survival data were collected on a total of 28,000 Drosophila melanogaster adults in order to investigate mortality patterns and induced physiological responses after a mild thermal stress. A brief, nonlethal heat treatment extends adult life span at normal temperatures by an average of 2 days (64), compared to nontreated controls of the same genotypes. Life expectancy is extended as a demographic consequence of reduced age-specific mortality over a period of up to several weeks after the heat treatment. Heat treatment also increases tolerance to subsequent, more severe thermal stress. Observations on single-sex populations suggest that heat-induced longevity extension is independent of the suppression of reproductive activity.
Rough set theory based prognostic classification models for hospice referral.

This paper explores and evaluates the application of classical and dominance-based rough set theory (RST) for the development of data-driven prognostic classification models for hospice referral. In this work, rough set based models are compared with other data-driven methods with respect to two factors related to clinical credibility: accuracy and accessibility. Accessibility refers to the ability of the model to provide traceable, interpretable results and use data that is relevant and simple to collect. We utilize retrospective data from 9,103 terminally ill patients to demonstrate the design and implementation RST- based models to identify potential hospice candidates. The classical rough set approach (CRSA) provides methods for knowledge acquisition, founded on the relational indiscernibility of objects in a decision table, to describe required conditions for membership in a concept class. On the other hand, the dominance-based rough set approach (DRSA) analyzes information based on the monotonic relationships between condition attributes values and their assignment to the decision class. CRSA decision rules for six-month patient survival classification were induced using the MODLEM algorithm. Dominance-based decision rules were extracted using the VC-DomLEM rule induction algorithm. The RST-based classifiers are compared with other predictive and rule based decision modeling techniques, namely logistic regression, support vector machines, random forests and C4.5. The RST-based classifiers demonstrate average AUC of 69.74 % with MODLEM and 71.73 % with VC-DomLEM, while the compared methods achieve average AUC of 74.21 % for logistic regression, 73.52 % for support vector machines, 74.59 % for random forests, and 70.88 % for C4.5. This paper contributes to the growing body of research in RST-based prognostic models. RST and its extensions posses features that enhance the accessibility of clinical decision support models. While the non-rule-based methods—logistic regression, support vector machines and random forests—were found to achieve higher AUC, the performance differential may be outweighed by the benefits of the rule-based methods, particularly in the case of VC-DomLEM. Developing prognostic models for hospice referrals is a challenging problem resulting in substandard performance for all of the evaluated classification methods.
Electrochemical phase diagrams for Ti oxides from density functional calculations

Developing an accurate simulation method for the electrochemical stability of solids, as well as understanding the physics related with its accuracy, is critically important for improving the performance of compounds and predicting the stability of new materials in aqueous environments. Herein we propose a workflow for the accurate calculation of first-principles electrochemical phase (Pourbaix) diagrams. With this scheme, we study the electrochemical stabilities of Ti and Ti oxides using density-functional theory. First, we find the accuracy of an exchange-correlation functional in predicting formation energies and electrochemical stabilities is closely related with the electronic exchange interaction therein. Second, the metaGGA and hybrid functionals with a more precise description of the electronic exchange interaction lead to a systematic improvement in the accuracy of the Pourbaix diagrams. Furthermore, we show that accurate Ti Pourbaix diagrams also require that thermal effects are included through vibrational contributions to the free energy. We then use these diagrams to explain various experimental electrochemical phenomena for the Ti--O system, and show that if experimental formation energies for Ti oxides, which contain contributions from defects owing to their generation at high (combustion) temperatures, are directly used to predict room temperature Pourbaix diagrams then significant inaccuracies result. In contrast, the formation energies from accurate first-principles calculations, e.g., using metaGGA and hybrid functionals, are found to be more reliable. Finally, to facilitate the future application of our accurate electrochemical phase equilibria diagrams, the variation of the Ti Pourbaix diagrams with aqueous ion concentration is also provided.
Investigating Driver Injury Severity Patterns in Rollover Crashes Using Support Vector Machine Models

Rollover crash is one of the major types of traffic crashes that induce fatal injuries. It is important to investigate the factors that affect rollover crashes and their influence on driver injury severity outcomes. This study employs support vector machine (SVM) models to investigate driver injury severity patterns in rollover crashes based on two-year crash data gathered in New Mexico. The impacts of various explanatory variables are examined in terms of crash and environmental information, vehicle features, and driver demographics and behavior characteristics. A classification and regression tree (CART) model is utilized to identify significant variables and SVM models with polynomial and Gaussian radius basis function (RBF) kernels are used for model performance evaluation. It is shown that the SVM models produce reasonable prediction performance and the polynomial kernel outperforms the Gaussian RBF kernel. Variable impact analysis reveals that factors including comfortable driving environment conditions, driver alcohol or drug involvement, seatbelt use, number of travel lanes, driver demographic features, maximum vehicle damages in crashes, crash time, and crash location are significantly associated with driver incapacitating injuries and fatalities. These findings provide insights for better understanding rollover crash causes and the impacts of various explanatory factors on driver injury severity patterns.
Grain Boundary Dislocations in GaAs

A preliminary survey of the dislocation structures of grain boundaries in Bridgman grownpolycrystalline GaAs suggests that many of the phenomena observed in grain boundaries inface centered cubic metals, silicon and germanium also occur in boundaries of a polar semiconductor. Our experiments show that low angle grain boundaries are comprised of crystal lattice dislocations and deviations from coincidence orientations are accommodated bysecondary dislocations; specifically, in twins, the a-fringe technique reveals that there are multiple structures where the different domains are separated by partial grain boundary dislocations.
Effect of color on reported autokinetic movement.

Summary.-Ss reported autokinetic movement under 1 of 4 color conditions (red, green, violet, and yellow). The over-all main effect of color on magnitude of reported movement was not significant. The interaction between color and trials was significant. Marone and Coutu (1969) and Reeves, Cogan, and Cogan (1970) studied the effect of color on various reports of autokinetic movement. Results showed that color did not affect autokinetic reports. However, several Ss in the former , study gave no movement responses to a red color stimulus. This was not the case in the Reeves, et al. study. As these results are discrepant, the present study explored the effect of color (yellow, red, violet, and green) on magnitude of reported autokinecic movement. Each of 40 college freshmen with normal color vision were dark-adapted for 30 min. The stimulus source of autokinecic movement was a 7-w light in a box painted flat black. Color was produced by placing either a red (715 nm.), yellow (580 nm.), green (540 nm.), or violet (420 nm.) gel filter over a pinpoint hole in the box. Light passing through each of the filters produced an equivalent amount of luminance (1 X ft-c.) as measured by a McBeth illuminometer placed 8 fc. from the light source. To prevent possible light dispersion, a section of frosted glass was placed over the pinpoint opening and gel filters. S sat in a chair 8 ft. from the light source adjusted to S's eye level. Each S was randomly assigned to be exposed to only one color of light for 5 practice uials and 10 experimental trials each lasting 60 sec., intertrial interval was 15 sec. S's task was to estimate verbally extent of observed autokinetic movement. In addition, S was required to select a strip of paper, from various lengths available, which corresponded closest in length to the extent of movement observed. The lengths of the available paper strips ranged from .5 in. to 12.5 in. in 1-in. increments. ,Verbal estimates of observed autokinecic movement and matching the observed movement to paper strips of corresponding lengths correlated .87 (p < ,001 j. Since this correlation was significant, subsequent analyses concerned only verbal estimates of autokinetic movement. An analysis of variance was performed on reported estimates of magnitude of autokinetic movement by Ss with color as a between-S variable and trials as a within-S variable. Over-all, color was nonsignificant (F = 2.66, df = 3/36,
Will the Real Best Fit Curve Please Stand Up

(1996). Will the Real Best Fit Curve Please Stand Up? The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 220-223.
CONTACT STRESS ANALYSIS OF THE DRILLING PUMP PISTON

The seal and friction wear efficiency of the drilling pump piston mainly depended on the contact stress description between the rubber seal ring and the inside hole of cylinder, so the research of contact stress has a realistic and important meaning. In the article, the contact stress description of piston was obtained in static and moving process by finite element method. At the same time, the contact stress description was analyzed under changing piston's size and the pressure.
Improving the Utilization of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cytology Co-testing for Cervical Cancer Screening in an Obstetrics and Gynecology Resident Clinic.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing in combination with cervical cytology (HPV co-testing) has been recommended for cervical cancer screening for women 30 to 65 years of age. In several studies, HPV co-testing increased sensitivity for detecting high grade dysplasia and resulted in cost-savings. This retrospective cohort study assessed the prevalence of HPV co-testing in an obstetrics and gynecology resident clinic before and after a brief educational intervention which was designed to reinforce current cervical cancer screening recommendations. The intervention consisted of a short presentation that was given to all residents and medical assistants in October 2011. The proportion of women age 30–65 years of age who had cervical cancer screening with HPV co-testing as compared to cervical cytology alone was compared before and after the intervention using chi-square tests. The goal of the intervention was to increase the percentage of patients receiving co-testing from 0.5% to 7.8%. Each arm (pre- and post-intervention) required 130 subjects to achieve 80% power with a significance of P = .05. No significant differences in demographics including age, insurance type, and cytology were noted. HPV co-testing increased from 0% to 55% (P < .001). Of the 72 subjects who had co-testing, 58 (80%) will not need cervical cancer screening for another 5 years. HPV co-testing represents an underutilized cervical cancer screening modality for women 30 years and older. This brief educational intervention, adaptable to any clinical setting, significatnly increased co-testing at the clinical site.
Device Development for the Innovative Clinician: Intellectual Property and Regulatory Basics

This chapter is meant as a primer on device development for the innovative clinician. This is a brief overview with an emphasis on the basics of intellectual property (IP) and regulatory definitions. Other aspects such as selecting and refining needs, reimbursement/business model considerations, and technical development only will be touched upon. An excellent resource for further investigation is Biodesign: The Process of Innovating Medical Technologies by Zenios, Makower, and Yock.
Integrating Image-Based Design and 3D Biomaterial Printing to create Patient Specific Devices within a Design Control Framework for Clinical Translation.

Despite significant advances in 3D biomaterial printing, the potential of 3D printing for patient specific implants and tissue reconstruction has not been fully exploited. This is due in part to the lack of integration of image-based patient specific design with 3D biomaterial printing within a relevant regulatory framework, namely design control, required by the FDA. In this manuscript, we describe the integration of image-based, multiscale patient specific design with 3D biomaterial printing within a design control framework for clinical translation. Specifically, we define design inputs for patient specific implants and scaffolds, and utilize image-based patient specific design to achieve these design inputs. We then illustrate realization of these topology designed patient specific implants by laser sintering of polycaprolactone (PCL). Finally, we present initial results in large animal models using 3D printed PCL implants addressing two challenging problems in tissue reconstruction: 1) designing and ...
In situ phase-domain calibration of oxygen Optodes on profiling floats

Abstract Comparison of profiles from oxygen Optodes deployed on profiling floats with ship-based bottle casts taken at the time of deployment shows typical low biases of approximately 0 to −40 μmol kg−1. Most proposed methods to correct these biases use linear or multiplicative corrections of the derived variable O 2 . Some of these methods depend on specific reference data such as deployment casts or air measurements. Here, we describe a versatile in situ method to recalculate O 2 directly from Optode phase and temperature by recalibrating two coefficients of the modified Stern–Volmer equation. This method may be used to calibrate most floats deployed with Optodes to date, as well as present floats, including those equipped with air measurement capability. Reference data can be taken from historic ship casts, climatology, deployment casts, and/or air measurements, depending on availability. In situ calibrations were performed on 147 Optodes floats deployed on UW floats between 2004 and 2015 using only World Ocean Database (WOD) references. Median differences to World Ocean Atlas (WOA) 2009 climatology were reduced from ∼6% to ∼1%. Deployment casts were used to estimate error for eight Argo floats deployed in the Indian and Pacific Oceans; the aggregate error was reduced from 8% to 0.3%. Comparison of six pairs of Optodes deployed on the same float showed relative errors after in situ calibration of 0.1 ± 0.6 μ mol kg − 1 . WOD-calibrated surface air oxygen values for nineteen Optode floats with air-measurement capability were compared with expected oxygen levels from NCEP surface level pressures and showed typical errors of ± 2 % . Using data from eight floats with deployment casts, comparison of phase-domain linear correction with oxygen-domain linear correction showed a difference of less than ∼ ± 2 % . Comparison of surface gain correction with deployment casts found gain-corrected values below the depth of the oxygen minimum to be consistently low, with residuals of approximately −0.5 to −4.5%.
Dysfunctional MnSOD leads to redox dysregulation and activation of prosurvival AKT signaling in uterine leiomyomas

AKT signaling promotes cell growth and survival and is often dysregulated via multiple mechanisms in different types of cancer, including uterine leiomyomas (ULMs). ULMs are highly prevalent fibrotic tumors that arise from the smooth muscular layer of the uterus, the myometrium (MM). ULMs pose a major public health issue because they can cause severe morbidity and poor pregnancy outcomes. ‬We investigate the mechanisms driving ULM growth and survival via aberrant activation of AKT. We demonstrate that an acetylation-mediated impairment of the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity is prevalent in ULM cells compared to the normal-matched MM from the same patients. This impairment increases the levels of superoxide and oxidative stress, which activate AKT via oxidative inactivation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). Redox activation of AKT promotes ULM cell survival under conditions of moderate but persistent oxidative stress that are compatible with ULM’s prooxidative microenvironment. Moreover, because of impaired MnSOD activity, ULM cells are sensitive to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide-generating compounds, resulting in decreased ULM cell viability. On the contrary, MM cells with functional MnSOD are more resistant to high levels of oxidants. This study demonstrates a causative role of acetylation-mediated MnSOD dysfunction in activating prosurvival AKT signaling in ULMs. The specific AKT and redox states of ULM cells provide a potential novel therapeutic rationale to selectively target ULM cells because of their defective ROS-scavenging system.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
Patient blood management

Patient blood management (PBM) refers to “the appropriate use of blood and blood components, with a goal of minimizing their use” (Goodnough and Shander, Anesthesiology 116:1367–1376, 2012). In short, PBM is conservative transfusion practice, and its prioritization stems from the increased recognition of transfusion-associated risk, evidence of favorable outcomes with restrictive transfusion practice, and—importantly—a drive toward cost containment. When applied thoughtfully, PBM saves cost and improves clinical outcomes. The following chapter provides an overview of PBM, from steps toward implementation to description of the individual measures within the PBM framework. The latter include policy and clinical guidelines, personnel and organizational oversight, perioperative interventions, information technology, and specialized products/processes. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, and implementation should be tailored to the specific institutional needs given limited resources and human capacity. Foremost, successful implementation relies on executive support and interdisciplinary cooperation. Even with modest investment, PBM offers wide-ranging benefits and conserves a limited resource.
Case Study in Least Squares Fitting and Interpretation of a Linear Model

This chapter presents some of the stages of modeling, using a linear multiple regression model whose coefficients are estimated using ordinary least squares. The data are taken from the 1994 version of the City and County Databook compiled by the Geospatial and Statistical Data Center of the University of Virginia Library and available at fisher.lib.virginia.edu/ccdb. Most of the variables come from the U.S. Censusa. Variables related to the 1992 U.S. presidential election were originally provided and copyrighted by the Elections Research Center and are taken from [365], with permission from the Copyright Clearance Center. The data extract analyzed here is available from this text’s Web site (see Appendix). The data did not contain election results from the 25 counties of Alaska. In addition, two other counties had zero voters in 1992. For these the percent voting for each of the candidates was also set to missing. The 27 counties with missing percent votes were excluded when fitting the multivariable model.
Bioavailability of zinc hydroxychloride relative to zinc sulfate in growing cattle fed a corn-cottonseed hull-based diet

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of zinc hydroxychloride (ZnOHCl) relative to Zn sulfate (ZnSO 4 ) in growing steers. Sixteen Angus and Simmental steers (371 kg average initial weight) were fed a corn-cottonseed hull-based diet without supplemental Zn for 14 d. At the end of the 14-d depletion phase steers were randomly assigned within a breed to treatments consisting of supplemental Zn at 25 mg/kg DM from either ZnSO 4 or ZnOHCl. Seven days after the initiation of Zn supplementation a 5-d total collection of feces and urine was conducted. Jugular blood samples were obtained on d 0 (prior to initiation of Zn treatments) and on d 40 of the study for plasma Zn determination. Dry matter intake, Zn intake and urinary Zn excretion were not affected (P > 0.10) during the metabolism phase. Apparent absorption and retention of Zn were greater (P 4 . Plasma Zn concentrations were similar across treatments on d 0 of the study. On d 40 of the study plasma Zn concentrations were higher (P 4 . Results of this study indicated that ZnOHCl is a more bioavailable source of Zn than ZnSO 4 for growing cattle when supplemented to a diet with relatively low Zn bioavailability.
Spectroscopic characterization of covalently constrained hybrid coating clusters prepared by Michael Addition and Ring opening mechanism

Abstract The influence of the reaction time on hydrolysis and condensation reaction of sol–gel hybrid coatings prepared by Michael Addition and Rings Opening Mechanism was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and electron microscopy. The results of the Raman and TEM (Transmission electron microscopy) analysis revealed that HYBRID I is more beneficial than HYBRID II for the preparation of symmetric and uniform cross-linked sol–gel coatings. Extensive studies reveal fundamental differences during the nucleation phase of hybrid material formation that is directly dependent on the symmetric nature of the coating materials. The higher symmetric structure enables the convenient preparation of hybrid coatings with improved morphological.
Health literacy of student pharmacists.

Abstract Introduction The primary purpose of this study was to assess the health literacy levels of doctorate of pharmacy students. A secondary objective was to determine if a correlation exists between age, degree prior to pharmacy school, work experience, and health literacy status among these students. Methods Participants were first year doctorate of pharmacy students at an accredited college of pharmacy in the Southwestern United States. The design was cross-sectional. Health literacy scores were collected using the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) in English. Health literacy was dichotomized with a score of 0–3 indicating inadequate and 4–6 indicating adequate. A two sample t-test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare cofactors between health literacy groups. Results Of the 72 first year students, 64 (88.9%) participated. The median NVS score was 5 (lower quartile 5, upper quartile 6). Nearly 90% of students (n = 57) obtained a score of ‘‘always adequate literacy.’’ Student age, having a degree before pharmacy school, nor healthcare work experience were significantly different between the two groups. Discussion If students enter pharmacy school with a high level of health literacy, they may have difficulties relating to and appropriately educating patients with low health literacy. Knowing this information, we can tailor our teaching about health literacy in curriculums to include strategies that assist students to understand what patients with low heath literacy may experience when interacting with the healthcare system. Conclusions Nearly all student pharmacists in the study displayed high health literacy and no correlations to collected characteristics were noted.
“Thinking” in a World of Appearances Hannah Arendt between Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger

At the conclusion of Hannah Arendt’s masterful treatment of the vita activa, The Human Condition (1958), she suggests that thinking might very well constitute the most active human activity: For if no other test but the experience of being active, no other measure but the extent of sheer activity were to be applied to the various activities within the vita activa, it might well be that thinking as such would surpass them all. Whoever has any experience in this matter will know how right Cato was when he said: Numquam se plus agere quam nihil cum ageret, numquam minus solum esse quam cum solum esset - “Never is he more active when he does nothing, never is he less alone than when he is by himself.”2 However, in terms of Arendt’s major distinction between the vita activa and the vita contemplativa, thinking is much more indigenous to the latter. It is not until The Life of the Mind (1978) that Arendt unpacks the significance of thinking as suggested in the above quotation.3
Absorption coefficient and refractive index of GaN, AlN and AlGaN alloys

The design of optoelectronic devices fabricated from III-nitride materials is aided by knowledge of the refractive index and absorption coefficient of these materials. The optical properties of GaN, AlN and AlGaN grown by MOVPE on sapphire substrates were investigated by means of transmittance and reflectance measurements. Thin (less than 0.5 μm) single crystal films were employed to insure that transmission measurements could be obtained well above the optical band gap. The influence of alloy broadening on the absorption edge was investigated by using a series of AlGaN alloy samples with a range of Al compositions. The optical absorption coefficient above the band gap was obtained for AlGaN having up to 38% Al composition. The refractive index below the band gap was determined for the same series of samples. These properties provide information critical to the optimal design of solar blind detectors or other optoelectronic devices.
Confocal Raman Microscopy for in Situ Measurement of Phospholipid-Water Partitioning into Model Phospholipid Bilayers within Individual Chromatographic Particles.

The phospholipid–water partition coefficient is a commonly measured parameter that correlates with drug efficacy, small-molecule toxicity, and accumulation of molecules in biological systems in the environment. Despite the utility of this parameter, methods for measuring phospholipid–water partition coefficients are limited. This is due to the difficulty of making quantitative measurements in vesicle membranes or supported phospholipid bilayers, both of which are small-volume phases that challenge the sensitivity of many analytical techniques. In this work, we employ in situ confocal Raman microscopy to probe the partitioning of a model membrane-active compound, 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid or ibuprofen, into both hybrid- and supported-phospholipid bilayers deposited on the pore walls of individual chromatographic particles. The large surface-area-to-volume ratio of chromatographic silica allows interrogation of a significant lipid bilayer area within a very small volume. The local phospholipid con...
Education level as a predictor of condom use in jail‐incarcerated women, with fundamental cause analysis

Objective To model condom usage by jail-incarcerated women incarcerated in US local jails and understand results in terms of fundamental cause theory. Design, sample, measurements We surveyed 102 women in an urban jail in the Midwest United States. Chi-square tests and generalized linear modeling were used to identify factors of significance for women who used condoms during last sex compared with women who did not. Stepwise multiple logistic regression was conducted to estimate the relation between the outcome variable and variables linked to condom use in the literature. Results Logistic regression showed that for women who completed high school odds of reporting condom use during last sex were 2.78 times higher (p = .043) than the odds for women with less than a high school education. Among women who responded no to ever having had a sexually transmitted infection, odds of using a condom during last sex were 2.597 times (p = .03) higher than odds for women who responded that they had had a sexually transmitted infection. Conclusions Education is a fundamental cause of reproductive health risk among incarcerated women. We recommend interventions that creatively target distal over proximal factors.
Astronomical Dating and Statistical Analysis of Ancient Chinese Eclipse Data

All 13 Shang dynasty oracle bone eclipse records have been uniquely matched to 6 solar and 7 lunar eclipses in the 14-12th centuries B.C. The King Zhong Kang 5th year autumnal (Oct. 16, 1876 B.C.) and King Yu 3rd year ”double sunset” (Sept. 24, 1912 B.C.) eclipses confirm the accuracy of the revised Bamboo Annals Xia dynasty chronology (Nivision and Pang, Early China 15,1990, 87). The eclipse dates are plotted against the number of generations before 841 B.C. (earliest accurate date), the respective kings ruled. The curve of benefit has both the strengths of verified royal genealogy — continuity — and eclipse dating — accuracy. It is 99% accurate, and can be confidently used as a foundation for building a detailed absolute chronology for the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, an important project in China’s new 5-Year Plan (Song, Sci. Tech. Daily, May 17, 1996; Newsweek, July 7, 1997).
Measuring reproductive success in insects

Many questions concerning social behavior and reproductive ecology require an accurate measure of direct and/or indirect fitness. Recently developed molecular techniques that measure parentage and relatedness have made these basic questions more tractable. In this chapter, we provide a summary of the methods and analyses of the most commonly used techniques for measuring reproductive success which have been applied to insect systems. We focus particularly on the strengths and weaknesses of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis because we believe that it is an excellent option for behavioral ecologists who wish to determine parentage.
Injury and Repair Responses: Retinal Detachment

Injury to the mammalian retina produces a number of cellular wound-healing types of responses, with similarities and differences to injury responses in the brain and spinal cord. Retinal detachment is one such serious, sight-threatening injury that produces responses from almost all cell types including cellular degeneration and death, neuronal remodeling, some poorly understood immune responses, and glial cell reactivity. Glial cell reactivity is particularly important in glial scar formation which may, in turn, have future downstream effects on visual recovery. The glial cell response is prominent in all injuries to the central nervous system and, yet, its exact purpose and regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood.
THE ARCO SOLAR ARCHITECTURALLY INTEGRATED “BATTEN & SEAM” PHOTOVOLTAIC ROOF

ABSTRACT The ARCO Solar Inc. Batten and Seam Roof was the first fully architecturally integrated non-glass-coverplated photovoltaic roof system in the United States. It suggests a time when “solarelectric roofs” will be just another building component selected by architects from a catalogue not only for onsite energy savings, but all the other design and functional features roof systems are chosen for. This paper focuses on two initial experimental installations and several technical and institutional lessons learned from them.
Goals and Creativity

When the original Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance was published in 1990, there was no research on goals and creativity. Since that time there have been a number of studies focused on this topic, as well as related work that has implications for the effect of goals on creativity. In this chapter, we brieﬂ y review all of the relevant empirical research published on goals and creativity, highlight gaps in the literature, and suggest potential areas for future work. First, we provide a brief general overview of the organizational creativity research area in order to provide a foundation for why it is important to examine the relationship between goals and creativity. Then we review the research conducted on goals and creativity by examining the mechanisms through which goals can impact creativity. Next, we discuss the inﬂ uence of speciﬁ c characteristics of goals on creativity, followed by a brief discussion of the effect of goal orientation on creativity. Finally, at the end of each section, gaps in our knowledge and areas for future research on goals and creativity are highlighted.