cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brain PPAR-γ promotes obesity and is required for the insulin–sensitizing effect of thiazolidinediones

In adipose tissue, muscle, liver and macrophages, signaling by the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a determinant of insulin sensitivity and this receptor mediates the insulin-sensitizing effects of thiazolidinediones (TZDs). As PPAR-γ is also expressed in neurons, we generated mice with neuron-specific Pparg knockout (Pparg brain knockout (BKO)) to determine whether neuronal PPAR-γ signaling contributes to either weight gain or insulin sensitivity. During high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, food intake was reduced and energy expenditure increased in Pparg-BKO mice compared to Pparg(f/f) mice, resulting in reduced weight gain. Pparg-BKO mice also responded better to leptin administration than Pparg(f/f) mice. When treated with the TZD rosiglitazone, Pparg-BKO mice were resistant to rosiglitazone-induced hyperphagia and weight gain and, relative to rosiglitazone-treated Pparg(f/f) mice, experienced only a marginal improvement in glucose metabolism. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies showed that the increase in hepatic insulin sensitivity induced by rosiglitazone treatment during HFD feeding was completely abolished in Pparg-BKO mice, an effect associated with the failure of rosiglitazone to improve liver insulin receptor signal transduction. We conclude that excess weight gain induced by HFD feeding depends in part on the effect of neuronal PPAR-γ signaling to limit thermogenesis and increase food intake. Neuronal PPAR-γ signaling is also required for the hepatic insulin sensitizing effects of TZDs.
Obesity Stigma as a Determinant of Poor Birth Outcomes in Women with High BMI: A Conceptual Framework

Obesity stigma has been linked to poor health outcomes on an individual and population basis. However, little research has been conducted on the role of chronic or recent obesity stigma in the health disparities experienced by pregnant women with high body mass index. The purpose of this article is to discuss poor birth outcomes in this population from an integrated perinatal health framework perspective, incorporating obesity stigma as a social determinant. In studies of non-pregnant populations, obesity stigma has been associated with stress, unhealthy coping strategies, psychological disorders, and exacerbations of physical illness. This article examines the mechanisms by which obesity stigma influences health outcomes and suggests how they might apply to selected complications of pregnancy, including macrosomia, preterm birth and cesarean delivery. Given the rates of obesity and associated pregnancy complications in the United States, it is critical to examine the determinants of those problems from a life course and multiple determinants perspective. This paper offers a conceptual framework to guide exploratory research in this area, incorporating the construct of obesity stigma.
Second triconodont dentary from the Early Cretaceous of Maryland

Geosciences Department, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252Previous authors have noted the general scarcity of Early Cretaceousvertebrate fossils, and mammals in particular (e.g., Clemens et al.,1979). The Arundel Clay facies of the Patuxent Formation (PotomacGroup), Maryland, is one of a small number of Early Cretaceous unitsthat has produced a vertebrate assemblage, and is the only vertebrate-producing unit of this age in eastern North America (Kranz, 1996,1998). Isolated bones and teeth of dinosaurs have been known from theArundel for more than a century (e.g., Marsh, 1888; Lull, 1911; Gil-more, 1921; Lipka, 1996, 1998; Chinnery et al., 1998), but only veryrecently did the deposit yield mammalian remains, a dentary of a newtriconodont, Arundelconodon hottoni (Cifelli et al., 1999). Here we re-port a second mammal specimen from the Arundel Clay. The mor-phology of the dentary and its alveoli indicate that it also represents atriconodont, and it is tentatively referred to A. hottoni for reasons dis-cussed below.Triconodonts are primitive mammals distinguished by their simple,laterally compressed molars with three mesiodistally aligned primarycusps. This general molar structure provided the basis for recognitionof the Order Triconodonta (Simpson, 1928a). The serially tricuspatemolar pattern, long known for Amphilestidae and Triconodontidae (pre-viously placed in the same family; Simpson, 1945), later proved to beshared by other Mesozoic mammal groups, such as Morganucodontidae,Sinoconodontidae, Gobiconodontidae, and Austroconodontidae, whichwere accordingly accommodated into the Triconodonta (Patterson andOlson, 1961; Kermack et al., 1973; Jenkins and Crompton, 1979; Bon-aparte, 1990). However, this cusp pattern is plesiomorphic, being sharedby certain non-mammalian cynodonts (Sigogneau-Russell and Hahn,1994). Sinoconodontidae and Morganucodontidae are now widely re-garded to be among the most plesiomorphous mammals or near mam-mals (mammaliaforms) (Rowe, 1988; Crompton and Luo, 1993; Mc-Kenna and Bell, 1997). On the other hand, cranial and postcranial anat-omy of some later triconodonts is rather advanced. Gobiconodon, Je-holodens, and an undescribed triconodontid, for example, haveunexpectedly derived, therian-like features of the shoulder girdle (Jen-kins and Crompton, 1979; Jenkins and Schaff, 1988; Ji et al., 1999).Recent analyses suggest that the expanded Triconodonta is based onplesiomorphy; and even with the exclusion of Sinoconodontidae andMorganucodontidae, monophyly of remaining triconodonts, ‘‘amphiles-tids’’ and Triconodontidae, remains uncertain (Kermack et al., 1973;Rowe, 1988, 1993; Rougier et al., 1996; Ji et al., 1999). Fortunately,the Triconodontidae, to which the new specimen is referred, appear tobe well-supported by synapomorphy (Jenkins and Crompton, 1979; Ci-felli et al., 1998). Triconodontidae, which range from Late (or perhaps?Early–Middle) Jurassic through Late Cretaceous, are the most diversetriconodonts, with some eight described genera (Table 1).SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGYT
Has Advertising By CPAs Promoted A Trend Toward Commercialism

Because of the emphasis many firms now give to non traditional financial consulting services some professionals feel that CPAs have shifted their emphasis from professionalism to commercialism. Since advertising is often the media used to announce the offering of these services, we conducted a national survey of AICPA members to assess whether advertising contributed to the possible commercialization of the accounting profession. The studys results indicate that CPAs overall have effectively used advertising to announce their transition to broad-based financial consultants without promoting commercialism.
Palladium-catalyzed heck-type reactions of alkyl iodides

A palladium-catalyzed Heck-type reaction of unactivated alkyl iodides is described. This process displays broad substrate scope with respect to both alkene and alkyl iodide components and provides efficient access to a variety of cyclic products. The reaction is proposed to proceed via a hybrid organometallic-radical mechanism, facilitating the Heck-type process with alkyl halide coupling partners. Initial intermolecular studies are also reported, demonstrating the potentially wide applicability of this approach in synthesis.
Imaging Direct- as Well as Scattered-Events in Microseismic Data Using Inverse Scattering Theory

Similar to surface reflection data, microseismic data also contain multiplyscattered events. They are especially prevalent in borehole microseismic data because of low attenuation. These scattered events, if not imaged accurately, can lead to the spurious microseismic hypocenters. Here, we introduce an imaging algorithm that accurately images not only the primary arrivals but also the multiply scattered events. The algorithm uses the exact Green’s function computed using an iterative scheme based on inverse-scattering theory. Extraction of the Green’s function, however, requires surface reflection data and a background velocity model. Imaging of surface microseismic data involves computation of the Green’s function between the image point and the surface receivers and the application of an imaging condition to the data. Borehole-microseismicdata imaging, however, requires two additional steps – first, computation of the Green’s function between the borehole receivers and the surface and second, computation of the Green’s function between the image point and the borehole receivers using seismic interferometry. Tests on synthetic data show that our imaging algorithm not only locates the microseismic hypocenters accurately but also substantially reduces the number of spurious events.
A Re-Appraisal of Cavity Growth Processes in Superplasticity

It is well known that cavities are nucleated and grow during the superplastic deformation of many materials. The various theories for cavity growth are examined with special emphasis on the role of growth by diffusion. It is demonstrated that the normal model for the diffusion growth of cavities is inadequate for superplastic materials when the grain boundary lengths are very small. By developing a new model for the growth of an isolated cavity to sizes exceeding the grain size, it is shown that the diffusion process may play a major role in cavity growth under a range of experimental conditions.
Dimensions of Citizenship: Associations among Adolescents’ Sociopolitical Values and Civic Judgments

This study used a sample of 467 middle and high school students (Mage = 15.26) from a mid-Atlantic state. Structural equation models controlling for demographic variables (age, gender, and parents’ education) examined associations between three developing sociopolitical values (spiritualty, patriotism, and authoritarianism) and adolescents’ social and moral judgments (obligation and social praise) concerning four civic activities (community service, standard political involvement, social movement, and community gathering). Spirituality was associated with judgments for community service and community gathering involvement while authoritarian values were associated with the prioritization of all forms of civic activity. Multigroup analyses indicated that associations between authoritarianism and both community service and social movement judgments were stronger for younger adolescents while spirituality was more strongly associated with community service judgments for older adolescents. Patriotic beliefs were associated with civic judgments for children of college-educated parents, but not children of noncollege-educated parents.
High-energy, few-cycle pulses by chirped-pulse cascaded quadratic compression

A new type of soliton-effect compression is proposed and demonstrated. Requiring only a quadratic crystal and high-energy 100-fs source, near-single-cycle durations are predicted, despite significant group-velocity-mismatch. Initial experiments generate 4.5-cycle pulses and bandwidths >500 nm.
Movin' on up (to college): First-generation college students' experiences with family achievement guilt.

As the first in their families to attend college, first-generation college students (FGCs) experience a discrepancy between the opportunities available to them and those available to their non-college-educated family members that elicits family achievement guilt. The present studies examined family
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN 21,105 PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: INSIGHTS FROM THE ENGAGE AF- TIMI 48 TRIAL

Background: Recent findings suggest that atrial fibrillation is associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD). We examined the incidence, characteristics, and factors associated with SCD in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results: SCD was defined as witnessed death ≤60 minutes from the onset of new symptoms or unwitnessed death 1 to 24 hours after being observed alive, without another known cause of death. Predictors of SCD were examined using multivariate competing risks models. Over 2.8 years (median), 2349 patients died (40.5 per 1000 patient‐years), of which 1668 (71%) were cardiovascular deaths. SCD was the most common cause of cardiovascular death (n=749; median age 73 years; 70.6% male). Most SCD events occurred out of hospital (92.8%) and without prior symptoms (66.0%). Predictors of SCD included low ejection fraction, heart failure, and prior myocardial infarction (P<0.001 for each). Additional significant baseline predictors of SCD, but not of other causes of death, included male sex, electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, higher heart rate, nonuse of beta blockers, and use of digitalis. The latter was associated with SCD in patients with or without heart failure (adjusted hazard ratio 1.55 [95% CI 1.29–1.86] and 1.56 [95% CI 1.14–2.11], respectively; P interaction=0.73). The rate of SCD was numerically but not statistically lower with edoxaban (1.20% per year with lower dose edoxaban; 1.28% per year with higher dose edoxaban) compared with warfarin (1.40% per year). Conclusion: SCD is the most common cause of cardiovascular death in patients with atrial fibrillation and has several distinct predictors, some of which are modifiable. These findings may be considered in planning research and treatment strategies for patients with atrial fibrillation. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00781391.
Are Patients with Psychogenic Movement Disorders More Likely to be Healthcare Workers

Background Reported risk factors for the development of a psychogenic movement disorder (PMD) include young age, female gender, history of abuse, current or past psychiatric disorder, lower levels of education and socioeconomic status, and employment as a healthcare worker. Although employment in healthcare is included in several diagnostic criteria for PMD, as well as in many case series, this association has never been validated. Methods Using the University of Maryland Movement Disorder Database (UMMDD), we identified PMD cases, as well as patients with isolated focal dystonia as controls. An experienced movement disorder specialist diagnosed all patients, and all cases met criteria for clinically established PMD. Demographic and occupational histories were obtained from medical records and were supplemented by telephone interviews. PMD cases and controls were compared using t tests/χ2 tests. Results Controls (n = 148) were older than PMD cases (n = 132), with an average age of 61.4 and 52.1 years, respectively (P < 0.001); there were no significant differences between groups with respect to gender, education level, and ethnicity. The proportion of healthcare workers was not significantly different between PMD cases and controls (25% of PMD cases vs. 20% of controls; P = 0.28). Conclusions In contrast to traditional teaching, this investigation demonstrates that in our patient population, patients with a PMD were no more likely to be employed as healthcare workers than patients with isolated focal dystonia. This study calls into question the use of employment in healthcare as a reliable criterion to support the diagnosis of PMD.
Effects of Friendship Circles on the Social Interactions of Elementary Age Students with Mild Disabilities

This study assessed the effects of Friendship Circles on the social interactions between students with mild disabilities and their nondisabled peers. A multiple probe design was used to analyze the social interactions during lunch. Data also were collected in the form of sociograms and anecdotal records. In addition, generalization was assessed during recess observations. Results indicated that the Friendship Circle intervention produced increases in appropriate interactions at lunch for all three students and for two there were increases in friendly play at recess. Anecdotal data suggested improved social interactions for two of the students throughout the day and improved social behaviors in the general education classroom such as cooperation during group activities. Implications for future research are discussed.
TU-H-207A-05: Automated Early Identification of An Excessive Air-In-Oil X-Ray Tube Artifact That Mimics Acute Cerebral Infarct

Purpose: There is an infrequent but serious CT artifact that occurs when there is too much air in the cooling oil of an x-ray tube. This artifact manifests as patchy hypodensities and mimics acute cerebral infarct. Routine quality control testing is unlikely to detect this artifact before it is observed in patient images. The purpose of this project was to develop an automated, quantitative method that increased the likelihood of identifying and preventing such artifacts. Methods: Using QC phantom images with a known air-in-oil artifact, a 1D radial representation of the 2D noise power spectrum(NPS) was calculated and compared against that for artifact-free images. The QC program software used at our institution to analyze daily phantom images was modified to include measuring the average frequency of NPS within the water section of daily phantom scans. The threshold values developed for each CT system were incorporated into our daily QC program and email notification system. Results: The NPS for the known air-in-oil artifact images included a large low frequency peak compared with artifact-free images; the average NPS frequency for these images were 0.197 and 0.319 (1/mm), respectively. The average NPS frequency values (mean+/− standard deviation) for the GE CT750, GE VCT, GE Lightspeed Xtra, and Siemens SOMATOM Definition Flash scanners were 0.322+/− 0.0058, 0.324+/−0.0024, 0.320+/−0.0020, and 0.303+/−0.0039 (1/mm), respectively. Threshold values were chosen to be the average plus or minus twice the standard deviation. Automated QC successfully identified an air-in-oil artifact in the Lightspeed Xtra before any detrimental clinical effect occurred; the average NPS frequency value that triggered service was 0.307, which is six standard deviations smaller than average. Conclusion: Clinically serious problems associated with the air-in-oil artifact can be detected earlier and mitigated/avoided by incorporating the average frequency of NPS measurements of daily phantom images into an automated QC program.
Determinants of Opioid Prescribing for Nonmalignant Chronic Pain in US Outpatient Settings.

Study objectives Identify prescribing trends for opioid use in non-malignant chronic pain (NMCP) from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). Determine predictors of opioid use based on patient-specific factors. Design This cross-sectional study analyzed NAMCS data from 2000 to 2007. Pain medications prescribed were retrieved using NAMCS drug codes. Multivariate logistic models examined determinants of opioid prescribing among NMCP patients. Subjects Patients included in the study were age 18 years or older with NMCP diagnosis based on ICD-9 codes identified as reason for visits. Results Approximately 690 million weighted outpatient visits related to NMCP were reported in the US between 2000 to 2007. Reported opioid use was 14.3%. Compared with patients age 18 to 34 years, patients age 35 to 49 years were 1.47 times more likely (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17-1.86) and patients age 65 years or older were 0.61 times less likely (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.27-0.55] to receive opioids. Patient visits from primary care physicians were 1.83 times more likely to report opioids (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.50-2.25) than specialty physicians. Hispanic ethnicity and patients with private insurance were less likely to receive opioids, while patients having five or more medications, publicly funded insurance, the ICD-9 code of general chronic pain, established patients, and the southern prescribing region were more likely to receive opioids. Conclusions Differences exist between those prescribed and not prescribed opioids. Results from this study paired with increased education and further research regarding the appropriate prescribing and monitoring of opioids may help enhance awareness, diminish treatment disparities and improve safe and appropriate use of opioids in the NMCP population.
Abstract 2360: Regulation of the MAPK phosphatase MKP-1 by the E3 ligase GP78 in cancer cells

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 1 (DUSP1/MKP-1) is a member of the threonine-tyrosine dual-specificity phosphatase family that is endogenous inhibitor for extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs), p38 MAPKs, and JNKs signaling. MKP-1 plays a key role in determining the magnitude and duration of MAPK activation in response to extracellular stimuli. In human cancers, abnormal expression of DUSP1 is associated with tumor development, chemoresistance and prognosis. However, the mechanism by which MKP-1 is regulated is not fully understood. Here, we show that GP78, an E3 ligase, plays an important role in regulation of MKP-1 protein levels. Specifically, we found that MKP-1 interacts with GP78 both in vitro and in vivo. Their interaction occurs between the N-terminal, Rhodanese domain of MKP-1 and C-terminal E3 ligase domain of GP78. We also found that K230, 280, and 289 residues on MKP-1 are responsible for its ubiquitination. Importantly, this interaction causes MKP-1 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Furthermore, we showed by overexpression and knockdown studies that GP78 downregulates the level of MKP-1 protein in cancer cells. Therefore, we identify a novel mechanism by which GP78 controls MKP-1 protein levels and suggest that this regulatory mechanism may play an important in cancer. Citation Format: Dhonghyo Kho, Gen Sheng Wu. Regulation of the MAPK phosphatase MKP-1 by the E3 ligase GP78 in cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2360. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2360
Looking forward: the effects of photographs on the qualities of future thinking.

Future episodic thinking relies on the reconstruction of remembered experiences. Photographs provide one means of remembering, acting as a “cognitive springboard” for generating related memory qual...
Genetic drivers of repeat expansion disorders localize to 3-D chromatin domain boundaries

More than 25 inherited neurological disorders are caused by the unstable expansion of repetitive DNA sequences termed short tandem repeats (STRs). A fundamental unresolved question is why specific STRs are susceptible to unstable expansion leading to severe pathology, whereas tens of thousands of normal-length repeat tracts across the human genome are relatively stable. Here, we unexpectedly discover that nearly all STRs associated with repeat expansion diseases are located at boundaries demarcating 3-D chromatin domains. We find that boundaries exhibit markedly higher CpG island density compared to loci internal to domains. Importantly, disease-associated STRs are specifically localized to ultra-dense CpG island-rich boundaries, suggesting that these loci might be hotspots for epigenetic instability and topological disruption upon unstable expansion. In Fragile X Syndrome, mutation-length expansion at the Fmr1 gene results in severe disruption of the boundary between TADs. Our data uncover higher-order chromatin architecture as a new dimension in understanding the mechanistic basis of repeat expansion disorders.
SOCIOPOLITICAL, CEREMONIAL, AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF GAMBLING IN ANCIENT NORTH AMERICA: A CASE STUDY OF CHACO CANYON

This paper builds upon DeBoer's ( 2001 ) assertion that models of ancient North American cultural systems can be enriched by incorporating gambling as a dynamic and productive social practice using the case study of the Ancient Puebloan center of Chaco Canyon (ca. AD 800–1180). A review of Native North American, Pueblo, and worldwide ethnography reveals gambling's multidimensionality as a social, economic, and ceremonial technology in contrast to its recreational associations in contemporary Western society. I propose that gambling was one mechanism through which leaders in precontact North America—and, specifically, at Chaco Canyon—integrated diverse communities, facilitated trade, accumulated material wealth, perpetuated religious ideology, and established social inequality. I present evidence of gambling at Chaco Canyon in the form of 471 gaming artifacts currently held in museum collections in addition to oral traditions of descendant Native cultures that describe extensive gambling in Chacoan society.
Field emission study of small number of carbon fiber field emitters

Experiments and simulation were performed to study the emission characteristics of small number of field emitters. The experiment consists of nine carbon fibers in a square configuration. Voltage-current traces were obtained and compared to four carbon fiber emitters in a linear and square configurations as well as to two carbon fiber emitters in a paired array. Results shows that the turn-on voltage is always larger for the nine carbon fiber emitters as compared to the two and four emitters in linear configuration, and approximately identical to the four emitters in a square configuration. The observations suggest that electric field screening effects depend strongly on the number of emitters, separation between them as well as their geometrical configuration.
Towards causal datacenter networks

Traditionally, distributed systems conservatively assume an asynchronous network. However, recent work on the co-design of networks and distributed systems has shown that stronger ordering properties are achievable in datacenter networks and yield performance improvements for the distributed systems they support. We build on that trend and ask whether it is possible for the datacenter network to order all messages in a protocol-agnostic way. This approach, which we call omnisequencing, would ensure causal delivery of all messages, making consistency a network-level guarantee.
Deflating Socially Constructed Objects: What Thoughts Do to the World

Intentions and conventions can “make a thing be what it is” in two different ways. Taken separately, neither has any magic in it at all. Neither produces objects of a kind that is in any way remarkable or that requires any special mode of understanding. Only by running these two ways together in our minds do we imagine “socially constructed” or “socially constituted” objects to be other than wholly mundane.
Construction of recombinant vaccinia viruses using PUV-inactivated virus as a helper.

Recombinant vaccinia viruses (VVs) are widely used as expression vectors in molecular biology and immunology and are now under evaluation for gene therapy. The current techniques for inserting fore...
Development of Olfactory Epithelium in the Rat

Several papers have been written on studies of the development of olfactory epithelium in vertebrates, including frogs (Klein and Graziadei 1983), chicks (e.g., Disse 1897; Van Campenhout 1937; Breipohl and Fernandez 1977; Breipohl and Ohyama 1981; Mendoza et al. 1982), mice (e.g., Smart 1971; Breipohl et al. 1973; Cuschieri and Bannister 1975a,b; Kerjaschki and Horandner 1976; Kerjaschki 1977; Noda and Harada 1981), rats (Menco and Farbman 1985a,b; Farbman 1986), hamsters (Waterman and Meiler 1973; Taniguchi et al. 1982) and humans (O’Rahilly 1967; Bossy 1980; Pyatkina 1982; Nakashima et al. 1984). Most of these reports are primarily descriptive rather than analytical. In this chapter, we shall try to correlate descriptive morphological data on the ontogeny of the rat olfactory epithelium with some biochemical, immunological and physiological studies on early development and maturation
The Mechanism for the Dissociation of Methane on a Nickel Catalyst

Abstract The mechanism for the dissociation of CH 4 on Ni(111) is studied by molecular beam techniques coupled with high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. The probability of the dissociative chemisorption of CH 4 increases exponentially with the normal component of the incident molecule's translational energy and with vibrational excitation. Dissociation can also be induced by the impact of an Ar atom incident on a monolayer of CH 4 physisorbed on Ni(111). The nascent products of the dissociation are identified as an adsorbed methyl radical and a hydrogen atom. The chemistry and stability of these adsorbed methyl radicals have also been studied. These results, which have shown that there is a barrier to the dissociative chemisorption, are interpreted in terms of a deformation model for the role of translational and vibrational energy in promoting dissociative chemisorption. The barrier arises largely from the energy required to deform the molecule sufficiently to allow a strong attractive interaction between the carbon and the Ni surface. Tunneling is suggested as the final process in the C-H bond cleavage. The presence of this barrier to dissociative chemisorption and collision-induced dissociation of adsorbates present plausible explanations for the pressure gap in heterogeneous catalysis.
Counterfactuals for Consequentialists

That all subjunctive conditionals with true antecedents and trueconsequents are themselves also true is implied by every plausibleand popularly endorsed account. But I am wary of endorsing thisimplication. I argue that all presently endorsed accounts fail tocapture the nature of certain subjunctive conditionals in contextsof consequentialist reasoning. I attempt to show that we must allowfor the possibility that some subjunctive conditionals with trueantecedents and true consequents are false, if we are to believethat certain types of straightforward consequentialist reasoningare coherent. I begin by evaluating a pair of morally releventcounterfactuals in a case via David Lewis's account. I then turnto a slight modification of the case, arguing that Lewis'ssemantics fails to generate the correct truth values of thesubjunctive conditionals in the modified case. Finally, I presenta modified version of Lewis's semantics that generates the correctresults in all of the cases.
Don Corleone in Gomorrha: Entstehung, Stabilität und Veränderung mafioser Unternehmen

In der ersten Einstellung der Verfilmung des Romans „Der Pate“ von Mario Puzo durch Francis Ford Coppola ist das Gesicht des Bestattungsunternehmers Bonasera zu sehen. Wir befinden uns im New York der 1940er Jahre. Bonasera, ein Italiener, der nach Amerika ausgewandert ist, blickt direkt in die Kamera und erzahlt, er habe seine Tochter als eine Amerikanerin erzogen. Er glaube an Amerika, denn es habe ihn reich gemacht. Seine Tochter hatte einen Freund gefunden – keinen Italiener. Vor zwei Monaten hatten dieser Freund und dessen Bekannter seine Tochter betrunken gemacht und seien dann uber sie hergefallen. Es sei seiner Tochter gelungen, ihre Ehre zu verteidigen, aber sie hatten sie zusammengeschlagen wie ein Tier, ihre Nase gebrochen und ihr Kinn zerschmettert. Als ein guter Amerikaner sei er zur Polizei gegangen, und die beiden jungen Manner seien vor Gericht gestellt worden. Doch die Strafe – drei Jahre Gefangnis – sei zur Bewahrung ausgesetzt worden. Zur Bewahrung! Er sei im Gerichtssaal gestanden wie ein Narr und die beiden Manner hatten ihn angegrinst. Und da habe er zu seiner Frau gesagt: „Wenn wir Gerechtigkeit wollen, mussen wir zu Don Corleone gehen.
Exacerbation of dystrophic cardiomyopathy by phospholamban deficiency mediated chronically increased cardiac Ca2+ cycling in vivo

This study examined the effects of phospholamban ablation on the pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy in dystrophin-deficient mice. In this setting, contractility and Ca2+ cycling were enhanced in iso...
Cognitive Reframing of Intimate Partner Aggression: Social and Contextual Influences.

Intimate partner aggression violates U.S. culturally-accepted standards regarding how partners should treat each other. Victims must reconcile the dissonance associated with being in what should be a loving and supportive relationship, while being in the same relationship that is personally and deeply harmful. To manage these clashing cognitions, victims consciously and unconsciously adopt perceptions to reframe their partner’s aggression, minimizing and reinterpreting the occurrence or impact of aggressive acts, and justifying remaining in their relationship. The paper examines the multiple and nested influences that shape such perceptions, including individual, partner, relationship, and cultural factors. Each type of influence is discussed by reviewing previous research and including accounts from women who had experienced aggression. Greater awareness of such perceptions may afford greater control in changing harmful relationship patterns.
Collaboration in anthropology: the (field)work of grounded practice

This essay uses ongoing ethnographic research with olive and olive oil producers in Sicily, Italy, as a springboard to reflect on collaboration in anthropology. I provide a brief review of various approaches to collaboration in anthropology and discuss the potential of practice theory and correspondence (Gatt and Ingold 2013, Ingold 2017b) to collaborative anthropology. I offer this reflection through the lens of my ongoing fieldwork as one example of how power dynamics and positionality in and out of the field shape what types of collaborations are possible and may be potentially fruitful.
Implementation of linear time exact euclidean distance transform in 3D slicer

Computation of distance transforms on images have attracted much attention due to its importance in medical imaging and applications. In this paper we show a linear time implementation of Euclidean distance transformation for medical imaging, which was introduced by Felzenszwalb [1]. The implementation is done in 3D Slicer as a new Python module. Our implementation could be used for medical purposes such as medical imaging registration, biomechanical studies of joints, or surgery path planning. In contrast to other distance transformations algorithms in 3D Slicer, this algorithm produces the exact squared EDT for arbitrary dimensions using sample function, that deal with the arbitrary values on grid (real image values) instead of binary values
Clinical Utility of Pretreatment and 3-Month 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Standardized Uptake Value in Predicting and Assessing Recurrence in T3-T4 Laryngeal Carcinoma Treated With Definitive Radiation.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of pretreatment and 3-month 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) standardized uptake value (SUV) in predicting and assessing recurrence in T3-T4 laryngeal carcinoma treated with definitive radiation therapy (RT). METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed T3-T4 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive RT from 2004 to 2014 were reviewed. Patients who underwent pretreatment or 3-month PET/CT 2 to 4 months after treatment were included. Those with prior systemic, surgical, or RT treatment were excluded. The primary objective was to assess whether pretreatment or posttreatment maximum SUV of the primary site (pSUV) of disease was associated with local recurrence-free survival. Overall survival was a secondary end point. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated to assess the accuracy of 3-month PET/CT at the larynx primary. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients were eligible for analysis. Median follow-up time was 34.7 months (range, 5.3-138.7 months), and median age was 57 years. Most patients had supraglottic (71.4%), T3 (89.3%), N2 (50.0%) disease, received chemotherapy (96.4%), and had histories of tobacco use (96.4%). On univariate analysis, 3-month posttreatment pSUV was associated with local recurrence-free survival ( P < .01), while pretreatment pSUV was not ( P = .41). No other associations were found with local recurrence-free survival. Neither pretreatment nor 3-month pSUV was significantly associated with overall survival. The calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 3-month PET/CT at the primary site were 33%, 85%, 40%, and 81%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS High initial fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in T3-T4 laryngeal primaries did not show an association with the risk for postradiation local relapse or overall survival, while increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at 3 months was associated with increased local recurrence. At 3 months, the relatively low sensitivity and positive predictive value may limit the utility of PET/CT in the assessment of persistent advanced laryngeal cancer after definitive radiation.
Polymer Stabilized Lipid Membranes: Langmuir Monolayers

Polymer-tethered membranes combine fascinating structural, dynamic, and viscoelastic properties. Many important insights into these peculiar supramolecular systems can be obtained from studies on polymer-tethered monolayers. This chapter discusses recent experimental findings on polymer-tethered monolayers at the air–water interface. In particular, Langmuir monolayers which are comprised of pure lipopolymers and of binary phospholipid–lipopolymer mixtures are considered. Thermodynamic data as well as structural data based on a host of experimental techniques including X-ray and neutron reflectrometry, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, and sum frequency generation spectroscopy provide information on how lipopolymers organize at the air–water interface. This information is followed by a review of the viscoelastic properties of these systems, including the remarkable gelation transition that can be observed in lipopolymers and mixed phospholipid–lipopolymer monolayers. The diffusion properties are also discussed at length, and show that lipid diffusivity is critically dependent on the strength of inter-polymer interactions of lipopolymers.
Moving Green, Going Green: An Interdisciplinary Creative Dance Experience

Creative dance is an engaging and empowering educational medium. Creative dance provides children with a comfortable, noncompetitive arena where they can explore, discover, and share what they thin...
Author Correction: Maternal Sepsis: Recognition, Treatment, and Escalation of Care

The original version of this article contained two mistakes. In Table 2, under the “MEW criteria” heading, “DBP 100 mmHg.” The correct Table 2 is shown here.
Characterization of the Effects of Iron on Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Surface Protein Modulation and Host Cell Interactions

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EFFECTS OF IRON ON NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE SURFACE PROTEIN MODULATION AND HOST CELL INTERACTIONS
Effect of hot isostatic pressing on nanoparticles reinforced AlSi10Mg produced by selective laser melting

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are being rapidly adopted for producing high-performance components in industry, and selective laser melting (SLM) is the predominant AM process for producing metal alloy parts. To improve the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic materials, various approaches have been proposed in literature. Among them, adding nano reinforcement and applying hot isostatic pressing (HIP) are regarded as two effective methods. This research investigates the combined effect of the two methods on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SLM produced AlSi10Mg. The results show that both nano reinforcement and HIP have significant effect in enhancing the microstructure and the resulted tensile properties. Under the as-built condition, 3% of nano TiC particles in weight leads to significantly refined grain size and dendrite arm spacing. The yield strength increases by 39.8% under the as-built condition as compared to the unreinforced sample. However, the addition of nanoparticles decreases the flowability of powder and increases the porosity of solidified material, which in turn causes a significant reduction in material ductility. Further, HIP is found to be able to reduce internal defects effectively. Nanoparticles are effective in preventing the microstructure from coarsening during the HIP. As a result, HIP processed nano TiC particles reinforced AlSi10Mg have homogenized defect-free microstructure and significantly enhanced tensile properties, without an obvious sacrifice of material ductility. Compared to unreinforced materials, the increases of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are 14.9% and 33.9%, respectively. The elongation at fracture reaches 11%.
Simulation and Measurement of a Power Distribution Network Including Point-of-Load Regulation

In this paper, a power distribution network analysis of a system card integrating a circuit model of a voltage regulator, an extracted printed circuit board power distribution, and a packaged ASIC with a circuit model and power specification is presented. In a typical power integrity analysis, these components are analyzed separately. Behavior models have been previously proposed to create end-to-end simulation models. In this work, we integrate the analysis of the components to explore the interaction between the voltage regulation and the passive power distribution network using transistor models in the circuit simulator. The conclusions on the additional capability this provides to the power integrity engineer are presented.
A User Friendly Power Tool for Deriving Online Learning Algorithms (Invited Talk).

In this talk, we overview a simple and user friendly framework developed in [Noarov et al., 2021] that can be used to derive online learning algorithms in a number of settings. In the core framework, at every round, an adaptive adversary introduces a new game, consisting of an action space for the learner, an action space for the adversary, and a vector valued objective function that is concave-convex in every coordinate. The learner and the adversary then play in this game. The learner’s goal is to play so as to minimize the maximum coordinate of the cumulative vector-valued loss. The resulting one-shot game is not concave-convex, and so the minimax theorem does not apply. Nevertheless we give a simple algorithm that can compete with the setting in which the adversary must announce their action first, with optimally diminishing regret. We demonstrate the power of our simple framework by using it to derive optimal bounds and algorithms across a variety of domains. This includes no regret learning: we can recover optimal algorithms and bounds for minimizing exernal regret, internal regret, adaptive regret, multigroup regret, subsequence regret, and permutation regret in the sleeping experts setting. It also includes (multi)calibration [Hebert-Johnson et al., 2018] and related notions: we are able to recover recently derived algorithms and bounds for online adversarial multicalibration [Gupta et al., 2021], mean conditioned moment multicalibration [Jung et al., 2021], and prediction interval multivalidity [Gupta et al., 2021]. Finally we use it to derive a new variant of Blackwell’s Approachability Theorem, which we term "Fast Polytope Approachability".
Archaeologists at the Table: From Community to Global

Well into the second decade of the millennium, archaeologists worldwide are prime movers in national and international movements in recognizing the importance of public access, inclusiveness, and sustainability as fundamental elements in promoting public understanding and appreciation of cultural heritage sites. Archaeologists provide some of the most outspoken and articulate voices on matters of heritage identification and forces of change, as well as its preservation and protection. In the age of twenty-first-century globalization, archaeologists worldwide are increasingly engaged in global, albeit less traditional, topics ranging from formal education and teaching standards to employee training, public interpretation, outreach, heritage tourism, and interpretive art.
Desktop Computers: In Perspective

PC systems PC applications PC system performance and configuration Microcomputer hardware fundamentals Microcomputer operating systems Data formats and compatibility Application software overview Text processing Database management Spreadsheets Integrated software Asynchronous communications software Graphics Languages Management software Engineering/scientific software Utilities and enhancement software Educational software Software selection criteria PC system units PC peripherals and selection Introduction to networking Historical perspective Current limitations in personal computing Future trends Important managerial considerations Final comments.
Synthesis and antifungal activity of 3‐aryl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐6‐one derivatives

BACKGROUND As a result of resistance development in many plant-pathogenic fungi to agricultural fungicides, there is an ongoing need to discover novel antifungal chemistries to help sustain efficient crop production. A fungicide screening program identified 3-phenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-one (5) as a promising new starting point for further activity optimization. A series of analogs were designed, prepared and evaluated in growth inhibition assays using four plant-pathogenic fungi. RESULTS Thirty nine analogs (compounds 5 to 43) were prepared to explore structure–activity relationships at R1 and R2, and all targeted structures were characterized by 1H NMR and MS. All compounds were in vitro tested against three ascomycetes [Leptosphaeria nodorum, Magnaporthe grisea and Zymoseptoria tritici (syn. Mycosphaerella graminicola)] and one basidiomycete (Ustilago maydis) pathogen. When R2 was trifluoroethyl, fungicidal activity was enhanced by a single electron-withdrawing substitution, such as Br, Cl and CF3 in the 3-position at R1 (compounds 9, 10 and 12), of which the 3-bromo compound (10) was the most active (EC50 = 0.08, averaged across four pathogens). More subtle activity improvement was found by addition of a second halogen substituent in the 4-position, with the 3-Br-4-F analog (20) being the most active against the commercially important cereal pathogen Z. tritici. Replacement of the R2 haloalkyl group with benzyl, alkyl (e.g. n-butyl, i-butyl, n-pentyl) and, particularly, CH2-cycloalkyls (e.g. CH2-cyclopropyl, CH2-cyclobutyl) resulted in further activity enhancements against the ascomycete fungi, but was either neutral or detrimental to activity against U. maydis. One of the most active compounds in this series (41) gave control of Z. tritici, with an EC50 of 0.005 ppm, comparable with that of the commercial strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin (EC50 0.002 ppm). CONCLUSIONS The present work demonstrated that the 3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6-ones are a novel series of compounds with highly compelling levels of antifungal activity against agriculturally relevant plant-pathogenic fungi. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry