cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 066: The Undescribed Protein Caskin2 Is a Novel Regulator of eNOS Phosphorylation and Systemic Blood Pressure

Disruptions in the function of the quiescent endothelial cells (ECs) that line mature vessels can both result in and contribute to the progression of numerous cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and disorders of vascular permeability. Despite recent attention, the signaling pathways that are active in quiescent ECs remain poorly characterized relative to those that regulate EC activation. In an effort to provide mechanistic insight into these pathways, we have characterized the previously undescribed protein Caskin2, which we hypothesize is a novel regulator of EC quiescence. Caskin2 is expressed in ECs throughout the vasculature, including the aorta, coronary arteries, and renal glomeruli. In vitro, Caskin2 promotes a quiescent EC phenotype characterized by decreased proliferation and increased resistance to apoptosis-inducing factors. Caskin2 knockout mice are viable and fertile. However, preliminary radiotelemetry measurements indicate that Caskin2 knockout (KO) mice have mildly elevated systemic blood pressure (BP). Compared to wild type (WT) littermates (n=8), Caskin2 KO mice (n=7) had increased mean arterial pressure (119+/-1 vs. 113+/-1, p=0.012), systolic BP (138+/-2 vs. 132+/-2, p=0.023), and diastolic BP (99+/-1 vs. 93+/-1, p=0.014) at baseline. To explore the molecular mechanisms of Caskin2’s effects, we used mass spectrometry to identify interacting proteins. Among the 67 proteins identified were the Ser/Thr phosphatase protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and eNOS. Using standard in vitro biochemical techniques, we demonstrated that Caskin2 acts as a PP1 regulatory subunit. Interestingly, homologous expression of Caskin2 in vitro resulted in a marked increase in phosphorylation of eNOS on S1177, which is known to promote eNOS activity, and a decrease in phosphorylation on T495, which is associated with eNOS inhibition. Finally, PP1 has been shown to dephosphorylate eNOS T495 in vitro, suggesting a molecular mechanism for our in vivo findings. Ongoing work aims to determine if the interaction of Caskin2 and PP1 is required for the Caskin2-induced increase in activating phosphorylation of eNOS and to characterize the physiological mechanisms responsible for Caskin2’s effects on BP in more detail.
Interaction in the germfree mouse intestine of colicinogenic and colicin-sensitive microorganisms.

SummarySynthesis of colicin, per se, by colicinogenic bacteria does not contribute significantly, if at all, toward a selective advantage in competition for dominance in gastrointestinal colonization. Per os inoculation of germfree mice with a slow lactose fermenting CA-62 colicinogenic bacteria and a colic-in-sensitive E. coli K-12 (Row) resulted in no suppression of the latter. When fecal samples were examined over a 4-week period, the colicin-sensitive E. coli actually outnumbered the colicin producer.
The DX Center: How Complicated can a Point Defect Be?

I summarize a large body of experimental and theoretical work, especially in Sidoped GaAs and AlχGa1−χAs, which has led to our present understanding of the DX center. There is good evidence that the DX center is just the simple donor, but each donor atom can exist in either of two distinct lattice configurations, each with its own spectrum of bound electronic states. At present the model which appears to best explain this unexpected complexity is that of Chadi and Chang, which predicts a large bond-breaking distortion of the lattice, accompanied by capture of two electrons by the donor. I argue that the best evidence to date for the predicted distortion is provided by observations of alloyperturbations of the DX level. Furthermore, there is now very convincing evidence that the DX level is a two-electron state. I briefly summarize what is known about the bound state spectra of the substitutional and relaxed (DX) configurations, and then discuss the very interesting question of how the donor captures two electrons from the conduction band to theDX level. There is good, although indirect, evidence that an excited one-electron state acts as an intermediate in the thermal emission and capture process. A different excited state appears to 15e involved in photoemission. Although much of this complexity was unforeseen by Chadi and Chang, it nevertheless seems to be consistent with their model. However, I point out a number of issues which still require experimental or theoretical resolution.
Using Mass Spectrometry to Monitor Monoclonal Immunoglobulins in Patients With a Monoclonal Gammopathy

A monoclonal gammopathy is defined by the detection a monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein). In clinical practice, the M-protein is detected by protein gel electrophoresis (PEL) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE). We theorized that molecular mass could be used instead of electrophoretic patterns to identify and quantify the M-protein because each light and heavy chain has a unique amino acid sequence and thus a unique molecular mass whose increased concentration could be distinguished from the normal polyclonal background. In addition, we surmised that top-down MS could be used to isotype the M-protein because each immunoglobulin has a constant region with an amino acid sequence unique to each isotype. Our method first enriches serum for immunoglobulins followed by reduction using DTT to separate light chains from heavy chains and then by microflow LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS. The multiply charged light and heavy chain ions are converted to their molecular masses, and reconstructed peak area calculations for light chains are used for quantification. Using this method, we demonstrate how the light chain portion of an M-protein can be monitored by molecular mass, and we also show that in sequential samples from a patient with multiple myeloma the light chain portion of the M-protein was detected in all samples, even those negative by PEL, IFE, and quantitative FLC. We also present top-down MS isotyping of M-protein light chains using a unique isotype-specific fragmentation pattern allowing for quantification and isotype identification in the same run. Our results show that microLC-ESI-Q-TOF MS provides superior sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional methods and shows promise as a viable method of detecting and isotyping an M-protein.
Workplace Skills Development A Multilevel Study of Jamaican Unattached Youth

Youth are the future of a country and their workplace skills are vital for a society’s growth and development. Unattached youth, neither at school nor at employment, pose a great challenge to the society. This study examines the impact of certain factors on unattached youth workplace skill development. Using a group of 322 unattached Jamaican youth who were recruited by the Jamaican National Youth Service, this study investigates certain individual differences such as five personality factors (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism), cognitive ability, and gender’s impact on workplace skills development among this group of Jamaican unattached youth using the multilevel modeling (MLM) analysis. The findings indicated that certain individual characteristics such as neuroticism and agreeableness have significant impact on their workplace skills development. Based on these results, career counseling and development should be considered to help unattached youth to develop the...
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Ag(I), Pb(II), and Bi(III) Tantalate- Based Photocatalysts

The Ag(I) and Bi(III) tantalates Ag2Ta4O11, BiTa7O19, and Bi7Ta3O18 were prepared by solid-state methods at 1000 °C for 24–48 h. The Pb(II)-containing tantalate PbTa2O6 was prepared at 1100 °C for 24 h, whereas Pb3Ta4O13 and PbTa4O11 were synthesized from a reaction of A2Ta4O11 (A = Na, Ag) precursors with a PbCl2 flux (at 1:1, 5:1, and 10:1 molar ratios) at 700 °C from 24 to 96 h. The PbTa2O6, Pb3Ta4O13, and Bi7Ta3O18 structures consist of TaO6 layers and TaO6 chains/rings with Pb(II) ions located within the cavities. The structures of Ag2Ta4O11, PbTa4O11, and BiTa7O19 consist of layers of TaO7 pentagonal bipyramids that alternate with Ag(I), Pb(II), and Bi(III) cations, respectively. UV–vis diffuse reflectance data were used to measure bandgap sizes for Ag2Ta4O11 (∼3.9 eV), PbTa4O11 (∼3.8–3.95 eV), Pb3Ta4O13 (∼3.0 eV), PbTa2O6 (∼3.6 eV), BiTa7O19 (∼3.6 eV), and Bi7Ta3O18 (∼2.75 eV). A decrease in the band gap was observed with an increase in the Pb(II) or Bi(III) content. Photocatalytic activities of th...
Effects of accelerated environmental aging on glass fiber reinforced thermoset polyurethane composites

Abstract In the present study, the effects on the microstructure and the impact behavior of thermoset polyurethane composite material, exposed to an accelerated aging environment, were assessed. A combined hygrothermal and ultraviolet (UV) chamber is used in an accelerated aging procedure to simulate temperate climate conditions. The samples were manufactured using a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique using a novel two-part polyurethane resin (Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate/Polyol) infused into plane weave E-glass fiber mats. Samples were exposed to the UV/moisture rich environment for 250, 500, 750 and 1000 h. Effect of UV exposure on color change of composite specimens was evaluated using colorimetry. The rate of color change and the total change in color for the fiber reinforced composite was shown to be much less than that of pure polyurethane. Optical microscopy observations revealed that the color change was limited to surface discoloration due to the fiber reinforcement limiting degradation to the surface polymer matrix microstructure even after extended UV-exposure. The accelerated aging effect on the glass fiber reinforced polyurethane was examined using low velocity impact tests to evaluate impact properties of the material throughout the aging process. The test showed that the bulk composite material was resistant to the UV aging by demonstrating no significant change in impact properties due to the accelerated aging process.
Density functional theory study of oxygen-atom insertion into metal-methyl bonds of iron(II), ruthenium(II), and osmium(II) complexes: study of metal-mediated C-O bond formation.

Metal-mediated C–O bond formation is a key step in hydrocarbon oxygenation catalytic cycles; however, few examples of this reaction have been reported for low-oxidation-state complexes. Oxygen insertion into a metal–carbon bond of Cp*M(CO)(OPy)R (Cp* = η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; R = Me, Ph; OPy = pyridine-N-oxide; M = Fe, Ru, Os) was analyzed via density functional theory calculations. Oxygen-atom insertions through a concerted single-step organometallic Baeyer–Villiger pathway and a two-step pathway via a metal–oxo intermediate were studied; calculations predict that the former pathway was lower in energy. The results indicated that functionalization of M–R to M–OR (R = Me, Ph) is plausible using iron(II) complexes. Starting from Cp*Fe(CO)(OPy)Ph, the intermediate Fe–oxo showed oxyl character and, thus, is best considered an FeIIIO•– complex. Oxidation of the π-acid ancillary ligand CO was facile. Substitutions of CO with dimethylamide and NH3 were calculated to lower the activation barrier by ∼1–2 ...
PARASEXUALITY AND MICROEVOLUTION IN EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS.

Previous experiments have shown that genetic exchange and microevolution can occur in mixed soil cultures of two genetically marked strains of the spore-forming aerobic soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis (Graham and Istock, 1978, 1979). Although the consistency of the gene and genotypic frequency changes among replicate cultures in those experiments indicated that the changes were due to selection, it was impossible to say why any particular allele or combination of alleles rose to high frequency. The studies reported here were undertaken to determine whether genetic exchange is general among transforming B. subtilis 168 strains growing in soil, to explore the population dynamics of the process, and to investigate whether gene frequency changes in mixed cultures of isogenic strains can in fact be due to differential selective forces acting on the genetic markers employed. Although the system is new and incompletely characterized, and although the data obtained are complex, the results support the conclusions that genetic exchange among B. subtilis 168 strains in soil is general, that it occurs in an ecologically reasonable setting, and that observed gene frequency changes can be driven by selection. The general procedure for the experiments was to inoculate sterile soil with two isogenic strains of B. subtilis bearing complementary sets of genetic markers, i.e., a+b+c-dand a-b-c+d+. All but two of the markers used confer either the ability (prototrophy) or the inability (auxotrophy) to manufacture a particular metab-
Relations between volumetric measures of brain structure and attentional function in spina bifida: utilization of robust statistical approaches.

OBJECTIVE Weak structure-function relations for brain and behavior may stem from problems in estimating these relations in small clinical samples with frequently occurring outliers. In the current project, we focused on the utility of using alternative statistics to estimate these relations. METHOD Fifty-four children with spina bifida meningomyelocele performed attention tasks and received MRI of the brain. Using a bootstrap sampling process, the Pearson product-moment correlation was compared with 4 robust correlations: the percentage bend correlation, the Winsorized correlation, the skipped correlation using the Donoho-Gasko median, and the skipped correlation using the minimum volume ellipsoid estimator. RESULTS All methods yielded similar estimates of the relations between measures of brain volume and attention performance. The similarity of estimates across correlation methods suggested that the weak structure-function relations previously found in many studies are not readily attributable to the presence of outlying observations and other factors that violate the assumptions behind the Pearson correlation. CONCLUSIONS Given the difficulty of assembling large samples for brain-behavior studies, estimating correlations using multiple, robust methods may enhance the statistical conclusion validity of studies yielding small, but often clinically significant, correlations.
The need to belong motivates demand for authentic objects

The present studies examine how demand for certain types of authentic objects is related to a more fundamental need to form social connections with others. Specifically, Experiment 1 demonstrates that manipulating the need to belong leads to greater valuation of celebrity memorabilia. Experiment 2 provides converging evidence by demonstrating that individual differences in the need to belong moderate the relationship between beliefs in essence transfer (i.e., contagion) and valuation. This paper lends insight into the underlying motives behind demand for authentic objects and, more broadly, reinforces the compensatory role of consumption in satisfying core psychological needs.
The Role of a Standardized Clinical Care Pathway in Patient Satisfaction and Quality of Life Outcomes after Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy

AbstractIntroduction: Clinical care pathways reduce length of stay, variability in practice and costs, yet avoid compromising quality of care or increasing complications. In this study we describe a standardized care pathway, focusing on preoperative and postoperative education as well as immediate postoperative patient care after robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.Methods: A standardized robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy care pathway was introduced at our institution in July 2014. A total of 108 men who underwent robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy during 2014 were enrolled in this retrospective chart review and were subsequently mailed a quality of life survey. Data regarding length of stay and number of unplanned calls to the urology office or visits to the emergency department were collected from the chart review. The mailed survey was composed of original questions as well as questions adapted from the FACT-P (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-...
An Innovative Interprofessional Assessment

This article describes and evaluates the assessment used for a UK-based module entitled IPL - Working with Others . The module was attended by 320 students from adult nursing, child health nursing, mental health nursing, midwifery, social work, operating department practice, diagnostic radiography and therapeutic radiography. Students were divided into interprofessional groups of eight students. The groups were given a case study of a service user coming into contact with different health and social care professionals. They had to work together to produce a poster, based on the case study. The interprofessional groups provided a ‘real’ experience of working together and understanding one another’s roles. The students then had to defend their poster as a group and respond to questions from two assessors. In order to review the assessment, both students and staff were asked to provide feedback about the assessment process, listing the positive and challenging aspects. All of the staff provided feedback (12), and 192 (60%) students also provided feedback. It was found that the assessment worked well, both staff and students having found it to be both a good learning experience as well as being a good way to assess IPL. Students had a ‘real’ experience of interprofessional working, facing barriers and challenges to overcome which are similar to those in practice.
A List of Novels for Teaching Business Ethics in the 21st Century.

The use of stories in business ethics education is arguably as old as business ethics education. Recent advances in the psychology of stories show us how stories promote consideration of the human ...
Literary History and Historical Truth Herder — “Shakespeare” — Goethe

Goethes “Shakespeare und kein Ende” setzt sich mit den in Herders “Shakespear” aufgeworfenen Fragen der Literaturgeschichte und -geschichtsschreibung auseinander. Paradoxerweise fuhrt Herders Abhangigkeit vom Begriff der historischen Wahrheit zur Auflosung der Geschichte im Sinne von Tradition, wahrend Goethes Subversion jener Wahrheit, seine Betonung von historischer Nicht-Identitat, eine solche Geschichte ermoglicht.
Efficient and stable single-doped white OLEDs using a palladium-based phosphorescent excimer.

A tetradentate Pd(II) complex, Pd3O3, which exhibits highly efficient excimer emission is synthesized and characterized. Pd3O3 can achieve blue emission despite using phenyl-pyridine emissive ligands which have been a mainstay of stable green and red phosphorescent emitter designs, making Pd3O3 a good candidate for stable blue or white OLEDs. Pd3O3 exhibits strong and efficient phosphorescent excimer emission expanding the excimer based white OLEDs beyond the sole class of Pt complexes. Devices of Pd3O3 demonstrate peak external quantum efficiencies as high as 24.2% and power efficiencies of 67.9 Lm per W for warm white devices. Furthermore, Pd3O3 devices in a carefully designed stable structure achieved a device operational lifetime of nearly 3000 h at 1000 cd m−2 without any outcoupling enhancement while simultaneously achieving peak external quantum efficiencies of 27.3% and power efficiencies over 81 Lm per W.
Hack weeks as a model for data science education and collaboration

Across many scientific disciplines, methods for recording, storing, and analyzing data are rapidly increasing in complexity. Skillfully using data science tools that manage this complexity requires training in new programming languages and frameworks as well as immersion in new modes of interaction that foster data sharing, collaborative software development, and exchange across disciplines. Learning these skills from traditional university curricula can be challenging because most courses are not designed to evolve on time scales that can keep pace with rapidly shifting data science methods. Here, we present the concept of a hack week as an effective model offering opportunities for networking and community building, education in state-of-the-art data science methods, and immersion in collaborative project work. We find that hack weeks are successful at cultivating collaboration and facilitating the exchange of knowledge. Participants self-report that these events help them in both their day-to-day research as well as their careers. Based on our results, we conclude that hack weeks present an effective, easy-to-implement, fairly low-cost tool to positively impact data analysis literacy in academic disciplines, foster collaboration, and cultivate best practices.
Improved Survival With Increased Time-To-Radiation and Sequential Chemotherapy After Surgery for pN2 Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer.

Abstract Background Currently, the ideal timing for postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and chemotherapy is unknown. The present study evaluated their relative timing on overall survival (OS) using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Materials and Methods The NCDB was queried for patients from 2004 to 2012 with resected non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pathologically involved N2 (pN2) nodes, and negative margins. All patients underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy. The time to radiation (TTR) was determined from the date of surgery to the start of PORT, with the exclusion of those receiving PORT 24 weeks postoperatively. Early and late TTR was dichotomized at 8 weeks after receiver operating characteristic analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to predict the variables significantly associated with survival. Results A total of 1629 patients were eligible for analysis. Of the 1629 patients, 703 had received PORT Conclusion A TTR of ≥ 8 weeks with sequential chemotherapy in the setting of PORT was associated with improved survival in patients with NSCLC with pN2 nodes.
Theoretical framework for integrating distributed energy resources into distribution systems

This paper focuses on developing a novel theoretical framework for effective coordination and control of a large number of distributed energy resources in distribution systems. The proposed framework provides a systematic view of the overall structure of the future distribution systems along with the underlying information flow, functional organization, and operational procedures. It is characterized by the features of being open, flexible and interoperable for managing active distribution systems. Under this framework, the energy consumption of various DERs is coordinated and controlled using market-based approaches in a hierarchical manner. The Volt/VAR control design is simultaneously considered in order to maintain stable nodal voltages within acceptable ranges. In addition, computational challenges associated with the proposed framework are also discussed with recommended practices.
Communication and Human Factors Phenomena in Aviation Transmit Knowledge

Human communication use of silence and voice in flights and the input both provide in knowledge construction especially in unusual or emergency situations are the core of this book. In addition to voice, the book explores silence (personal, operational, institutional, and regulatory) and its impact towards accomplishing awareness for effective flight communication. Aviation interaction is purposeful, since pilots and controllers develop consciousness of where is the one and where is the other and in what status only when they exchange messages and describe their actions. The voice channel between pilot and controller may contain periods of operating in silence, but voice should restart to have a meaningful exchange of information (with no uncertainty) between their physically distant spaces. Empirical data from this book’s aviation informants include a whole range of instances: from verbal phraseology to truncated messages of hesitation, interrupted messages, and dialogic marking of checklists. So, communication constructs even explicit factual knowledge that must be applied (first perceived) by all participants following SOPs. Human factors analysis is focusing more on conditions and evaluations, whereas in cockpit operation environment, the issue seems to be more on how pilot, crew, and ATC expertise are to be exercised and thus implemented in a dynamic decision-making process.
EOG and Experimental Optic Nerve Transection

A series of experiments was performed on rabbits. One optic nerve was sectioned without compromising the blood supply to the globe. After 1–181 days the EOG was recorded, utilizing passive eye movements and electrodes sutured into the skin at the canthi. The animals were anesthetized initially and maintained on local anesthesia and Gallamine. A tracheotomy permitted passive ventilation. Endexpiratory CO2 was maintained at normal levels. The unoperated eye served as control. The EOG light rise to a constant illumination was recorded following 90 minutes of dark adaptation. The data were plotted as light peak to dark trough ratio of the eye with optic nerve transection vs control eye. No deviation was found from a linear relationship. The coefficient of correlation was not significantly different from 1.0. It is concluded that the EOG response of the rabbit eye is independent of the intactness of the optic nerve. All globes were histologically evaluated and demonstrated a retrograde degeneration of the ganglion cell layer.
Development and economic evaluation of a pharmacist-provided chronic care management service in an ambulatory care geriatrics clinic.

Purpose The implementation and delivery of a pharmacist-led chronic care management (CCM) service in a geriatric primary care clinic are described. Methods A CCM service was provided March 1 through December 31, 2016, at the University of Colorado Hospital Seniors Clinic (“Seniors Clinic”). The electronic health record (EHR) team for the University of Colorado Health system developed a patient registry through EPIC Healthy Planet (Epic Systems Corp., Verona, WI) to identify patients at the Seniors Clinic eligible for CCM services. The EHR team constructed a note type and documentation template within the EHR to ensure documentation of all necessary components for billing and to allow individual clinical staff to document the time spent providing CCM care. Results Overall, 36 elderly patients enrolled in the pharmacist-provided CCM service over the 10 months. Clinical pharmacists spent a total of 156–849 minutes per month providing CCM services, with a mean outreach time of 45.4 minutes per patient. The clinical pharmacists submitted 95 claims, and all but 5 were paid. The total amount reimbursed from the health plans during the 10 months was $2,775.02. Conclusion Medicare patients were successfully enrolled in a CCM service in a geriatrics primary care clinic led by clinical pharmacists and medical providers. The CCM services were more time-consuming than the allotted 20 minutes per patient per month with the CCM Current Procedural Terminology code used during this study.
Body pointing, acquisition and tracking for small satellite laser communication

Free-space optical communications in space offer many benefits over established radio frequency based communication links; in particular, high beam directivity results in efficient power usage. Such a reduced power requirement is particularly appealing to small satellites with strict size, weight and power (SWaP) requirements. In the case of free-space optical communication, precise pointing, acquisition and tracking (PAT) of the incoming beam is necessary to close the communication link. Due to the narrow beam of the laser, the critical task of accomplishing PAT becomes increasingly arduous and often requires complex systems of optical and processing hardware to account for relative movement of the terminals. Recent developments in body pointing mecha- nisms have allowed small satellites to point with greater precision. In this work, we consider an approach to a low-complexity PAT system that utilizes a single quad-cell photodetector as an optical spatial sensor, and exploits the body pointing capabilities of the spacecraft to perform the tracking maneuvers, eschewing the need for additional dedicated optical hardware. We look at the PAT performance of this approach from a systems analysis viewpoint and present preliminary experimental results. In particular, we examine the implementation of the system on NASA's TeraByte InfraRed Delivery (TBIRD) demonstration.
Teaching Unlikely Poets: Herman Melville, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Frances E. W. Harper

Herman Melville, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Frances E. W. Harper are all, to varying degrees, poets whose verse may be neglected in contemporary classrooms relative to their prose. This essay considers how these “unlikely” poets, individually and collectively, can enrich undergraduate and graduate students’ engagement with and understanding of nineteenth-century American poetry.
Family contexts and sleep during adolescence

Sleep deprivation among adolescents has received much attention from health researchers and policymakers. Recent research indicates that variation in sleep duration from night to night is associated with multiple health outcomes. While there is evidence that sleep deprivation is socially patterned, we know little about how social contexts are associated with nightly sleep variation during adolescence (a life course stage when nightly sleep variation is particularly high). Given the importance of family environments for influencing adolescents' sleep patterns, we hypothesized that disadvantaged family contexts would be associated with higher intra-individual variation (IIV) in nightly sleep duration, in addition to lower average nightly sleep duration. We tested these hypotheses in a diverse, population-based sample of 11-17 year-olds (N = 1095) from the Adolescent Health and Development in Context Study. Using survey and ecological momentary assessment data and a novel form of multi-level regression modeling (location-scale mixed modeling), we found that adolescents living in unmarried-parent, low SES, economically insecure, and high caregiver stress families had higher IIV in sleep than adolescents in families with more resources and less caregiver stress. There were fewer family effects on average sleep duration. This suggests family social and economic contexts are associated with an under-researched aspect of adolescent sleep, nightly variation, and may contribute to adolescent sleep problems with implications for their health and health disparities.
Multi-step continuous flow synthesis of fluconazole

The development of a flow chemistry approach to the anti-fungal fluconazole is described. A continuous, two-reactor, three-step synthesis of fluconazole from 2-chloro-2′,4′-difluoroacetophenone was achieved with no intermediate purification. The synthesis has been successfully demonstrated on a Vapourtec commercial flow chemistry system.
UNIT 14.4 Analysis of Oxidative Modification of Proteins

Proteins are targets of oxidative modification. This unit describes detailed procedures for the analysis of popular indices of protein oxidation including protein carbonyl formation, loss of protein thiols, and nitrotyrosine and dityrosine formation, as well as isoaspartate formation. Procedures are detailed for the analysis of protein carbonyls labeled with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, tritiated sodium borohydride, and biotin-hydrazide, followed by detection measurements that are based on the distinguishing feature of each labeling chemical. Methods are outlined for the determination of protein cysteine oxidation by quantifying the loss of free protein thiols using radiolabeled [14C]-iodoacetamide. Protocols are described for the measurement of protein dityrosine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, as are the details for the detection of protein nitrotyrosine by a competitive ELISA approach. Finally, methods are described for the quantification of protein-bound isoaspartate using protein-l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase that converts aberrant l-isoaspartyl residues in peptides and proteins to normal aspartyl residues. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 55:14.4.1-14.4.27. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: protein oxidative modification; carbonylation; cysteine; dityrosine; isoaspartate; nitrotyrosine
The challenges of wearable computing: Part 2

For pt. 1 see ibid. Wearable computing pursues an interface ideal of a continuously worn, intelligent assistant that augments memory, intellect, creativity, communication, and physical senses and abilities. Many challenges await wearable designers. Part 2 begins with the challenges of network resources and privacy concerns. This survey describes the possibilities offered by wearable systems and, in doing so, demonstrates attributes unique to this class of computing.
Automatic PET cervical tumor segmentation by combining deep learning and anatomic prior.

Cervical tumor segmentation on 3D 18FDG PET images is a challenging task because of the proximity between cervix and bladder, both of which can uptake 18FDG tracers. This problem makes traditional segmentation based on intensity variation methods ineffective and reduces overall accuracy. Based on anatomy knowledge, including 'roundness' of the cervical tumor and relative positioning between the bladder and cervix, we propose a supervised machine learning method that integrates convolutional neural network (CNN) with this prior information to segment cervical tumors. First, we constructed a spatial information embedded CNN model (S-CNN) that maps the PET image to its corresponding label map, in which bladder, other normal tissue, and cervical tumor pixels are labeled as -1, 0, and 1, respectively. Then, we obtained the final segmentation from the output of the network by a prior information constrained (PIC) thresholding method. We evaluated the performance of the PIC-S-CNN method on PET images from 50 cervical cancer patients. The PIC-S-CNN method achieved a mean Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.84 while region-growing, Chan-Vese, graph-cut, fully convolutional neural networks (FCN) based FCN-8 stride, and FCN-2 stride, and U-net achieved 0.55, 0.64, 0.67, 0.71, 0.77, and 0.80 mean DSC, respectively. The proposed PIC-S-CNN provides a more accurate way for segmenting cervical tumors on 3D PET images. Our results suggest that combining deep learning and anatomic prior information may improve segmentation accuracy for cervical tumors.
Evidence for a Two-Dimensional Metal-Insulator Transition in Potassium-Ammonia Graphite

We have studied the ammonia pressure dependence and composition dependence of the a-axis electrical resistivity of the potassium-ammonia ternary graphite intercalation compounds K(NH3)XC2 4, O < × < 4.33. Our results show evidence of the 2D analog of the well-studied bulk 3D metal-insulator transition [1] in bulk K-NH3 solutions.
Examination of the Lumbar Movement Pattern during a Clinical Test and a Functional Activity Test in People with and without Low Back Pain.

Background It is assumed that the lumbar movement pattern observed during a clinical test is representative of the movement pattern used during a functional activity. Very little is known about how the lumbar movement pattern during a clinical test is associated with the lumbar movement pattern during a functional activity and how the lumbar movement pattern is associated with functional limitation. Objective The purpose was to examine the lumbar movement pattern during a clinical test and a functional activity test in people with and people without low back pain (LBP), and the relationship of lumbar motion to LBP-related functional limitation. Design Observational study. Participants 16 back-healthy adults and 32 people with chronic LBP. Methods Participants performed a standardized clinical test of forward bending and a functional activity test of picking up an object. Main outcome measurements Maximal lumbar excursion and lumbar excursion at 0% to 50% and 50% to 100% of movement time were examined. Results Significant associations were present between the two movement tests for both back-healthy people and people with LBP (r = 0.47-0.73). In people with LBP the amount of lumbar motion in the 0% to 50% of movement time interval for both tests was significantly associated with functional limitation (r = 0.43-0.62). Conclusion Lumbar movement patterns were similar between the two tests, and lumbar motion early in the movement of a functional test was related to self-report of functional limitation. Level of evidence III.
Revenue in first-price auctions with a buy-out price and risk-averse bidders

We model the “Buy-It-Now or Best Offer” eBay listing option as a first-price auction with a buy-out price and consider seller revenue when bidders are risk-averse. In this model we consider a discrete setting and a continuous setting. We show that a buy-out price in a first-price auction can increase seller revenue in the discrete setting but not in the continuous setting. Furthermore, we prove that in either setting a second-price auction with an optimally chosen buy-out price will never generate more expected revenue than a first-price auction with an optimally chosen buy-out price. These theoretical results support the thesis that a first-price mechanism is superior in expected revenue generation to a second-price mechanism in an online marketplaces where sellers are risk-neutral and buyers are risk-averse and explain the prevalence of “Buy-It-Now or Best Offer” listings on eBay over the traditional eBay auction.
Do Global Regulators Hold the Key to Production of Bacterial Secondary Metabolites

The emergence of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria has pushed the available pool of antibiotics to the brink. Bacterial secondary metabolites have long been a valuable resource in the development of antibiotics, and the genus Burkholderia has recently emerged as a source of novel compounds with antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-cancer activities. Genome mining has contributed to the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters, which encode enzymes that are responsible for synthesis of such secondary metabolites. Unfortunately, these large gene clusters generally remain silent or cryptic under normal laboratory settings, which creates a hurdle in identification and isolation of these compounds. Various strategies, such as changes in growth conditions and antibiotic stress, have been applied to elicit the expression of these cryptic gene clusters. Although a number of compounds have been isolated from different Burkholderia species, the mechanisms by which the corresponding gene clusters are regulated remain poorly understood. This review summarizes the activity of well characterized secondary metabolites from Burkholderia species and the role of local regulators in their synthesis, and it highlights recent evidence for the role of global regulators in controlling production of secondary metabolites. We suggest that targeting global regulators holds great promise for the awakening of cryptic gene clusters and for developing better strategies for discovery of novel antibiotics.
Social Stress-Related Epigenetic Changes Associated With Increased Heart Rate Variability in Infants.

Early life stress can result in persistent alterations of an individual’s stress regulation through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic alteration of the NR3C1 gene is associated with changes in the stress response system during infancy as measured by cortisol reactivity. Although autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity is a key component of the stress response, we have a limited understanding of the effects of NR3C1 DNA methylation on ANS reactivity. To examine this relation, ANS stress responses of term, 4-5 month old healthy infants were elicited using the face-to-face still-face paradigm, which involved five, 2-minute episodes. Two of these episodes were the “still-face” in which the mother was non-responsive to her infant. EKG was acquired continuously and analyzed in 30 second-intervals. Cheek swabs were collected, and DNA was extracted from buccal cells. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was measured as heart rate variability (HRV). Mean HRV was calculated for each 30 second “face to face” episode. DNA methylation of NR3C1 was calculated using bisulﬁte pyrosequencing. Percent DNA methylation was computed for each of the thirteen NR3C1 CpG sites. The relations between mean HRV for each “face to face” episode and percent DNA methylation was examined averaged over CpG sites 1-6 and 7-13 and at each individual CpG site. Higher HRV at baseline, first reunion, and second still-face was related to greater methylation of NR3C1 CpG sites 1-6. Higher HRV at second reunion was related to greater methylation of NR3C1 CpG sites 12 and 13. These data provide evidence that increased methylation of NR3C1 at CpG sites 12 and 13 is associated with increased activation of parasympathetic pathways as represented by increased HRV.
A retrospective/prospective on the future of geriatric nursing

This paper will describe the exciting progress in geriatric nursing practice over the past 40 years and pay tribute to the leadership in the field, the progress in our programs of research and our commitment to ensuring our older patients get the reliable, high value, evidenced-based care they deserve. A brief synopsis of the literature related to the future of geriatric nursing and the field of geriatrics, describing themes from the literature in the context of the papers contained herein. Themes include: shortage of trained geriatric healthcare professionals, shortage of faculty, paucity of research funding, interdisciplinary care is required, meaningful use and integration of technology, lack of research funding and lack of interest in geriatrics as a specialty. The rapidly accelerating demand for geriatric nurse experts and care for older adults positions the nursing profession as principal agent in bridging care-gap needs for older persons, families, and their communities.
Getting Prepared Series for Pituitary

Review the normal anatomy and physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gland axes; highlight differences between the anterior and posterior pituitary; emphasize mechanistic connections between the endocrine gland and embryology/anatomy.
Reproducible Workflow

Reproducibility has been consistently identified as an important component of scientific research. Although there is a general consensus on the importance of reproducibility along with the other commonly used 'R' terminology (i.e., Replicability, Repeatability etc.), there is some disagreement on the usage of these terms, including conflicting definitions used by different parts of the research community. In this encyclopedia article, we explore the different definitions used in scientific literature (specifically pertaining to computational research), whether there is a need for a single standardized definition and provide an alternative based on non-functional requirements. We also describe the role of reproducibility (and other R's) in scientific workflows.
Social Support and Depressive Symptoms among Trauma-Impacted Older Adults

Purpose: The present study investigates the association between social support and depressive symptomatology among older adults who have been impacted by trauma. Previous studies have not sufficien...
Ex Ante Versus Ex Post Approaches to Network Neutrality: A Cost Benefit Analysis

Many advocates for less intrusive government oversight of telecommunications support the migration from regulation by an expert agency to the use of judicial remedies largely guided by antitrust/competition policy principles. They believe that reviewing courts can resolve disputes after they have occurred in lieu of having expert regulatory agencies available to anticipate and resolve problems before they become acute. Such ex post remedies occur when courts apply legal precedent not necessarily tailored to specific telecommunications cases and controversies. Advocates for retaining so-called ex ante regulation believe that an expert agency remains essential particularly in light of fast changing market conditions and technological innovations that may not promote sufficiently robust facilities-based competition. They also note that courts in the United States have decided to reduce opportunities for consumers to seek remedies by limiting rights to bring suit and to form a class of similarly harmed parties. Additionally they cite case precedent where courts offer no additional competitive safeguards if the expert regulatory agency concludes that rising competition justifies streamlining, or eliminating safeguards. This paper will identify the strengths and weakness in ex ante and ex post enforcement of network neutrality policies. The paper concludes that ex post enforcement should generally serve as the goal in a deregulatory glide path that links increases in facilities-based competition with incremental reductions in government oversight. However, current marketplace conditions evidence limited competition particularly for the first and last kilometer of Internet access. Because Internet Service Providers (“ISPs”) serving end users continue to have both the incentive and ability to pursue anticompetitive strategies, the paper supports the continuing role for an expert national regulatory authority. However the paper emphasizes that ex ante regulation should concentrate on procedural safeguards rather than the formulation and imposition of substantive rules and service definitions. Ex ante regulators should provide a forum for the resolution of complaints on a timely basis, in light of the immediate harm to consumers when the delivery of Internet content becomes degraded or blocked.
Adsorption of Polyacrylamide and Sulfonated Polyacrylamide on Na-Kaolinite

The role of solution properties such as pH, ionic strength, temperature, and solid-to-liquid ratio in determining the adsorption of polymers on minerals is studied by conducting tests using labeled polymers and homoionic kaolinite. Data on the effects of the above variables on the adsorption of polyacrylamide (PAM) and sulfonated polyacrylamide copolymers (PAMS) are discussed in terms of changes in polymer charge, configuration and hydrolysis and surface properties of kaolinite in an attempt to develop mechanisms governing the adsorption of such polymers on minerals in aqueous solution.
Crowd formalization of action conditions

Training intelligent systems is a time consuming and costly process that often limits their application to realworld problems. Prior work in crowdsourcing has attempted to compensate for this challenge by generating sets of labeled training data for machine learning algorithms. In this work, we seek to move beyond collecting just statistical data and explore how to gather structured, relational representations of a scenario using the crowd. We focus on activity recognition because of its broad applicability, high level of variation between individual instances, and difficulty of training systems a priori. We present ARchitect, a system that uses the crowd to ascertain pre and post conditions for actions observed in a video and find relations between actions. Our ultimate goal is to identify multiple valid execution paths from a single set of observations, which suggests one-off learning from the crowd is possible.