cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bilingual/bicultural education for Maori cultural preservation in New Zealand

Abstract As the Maori heritage is being recognised as a central part of New Zealand history as well as a cultural treasure whose value can only serve to strengthen the country's mainstream culture, a policy of cultural preservation, if not also cultural integration, has been formulated. In the course of a survey showing the historic relationship in New Zealand of the Maori and European settlers to the land and to each other, the assimilation, despite discrimination, and concurrent decline of Maori language use are delineated. Today, although Maoris constitute only one‐eighth of New Zealand's population, Maori nationalism is on the rise. Basic values in Maori culture, such as respect for the land and love as demonstrated in sharing with and caring for others, are presented. The article goes on to describe bilingual/bicultural programmes being introduced, namely the ‘language nests’ for pre‐school children and their parents and the immersion programme in the first years of primary school. Social studies gui...
The Positive Impact of Pre-Operative VAD Education in the Reduction of Hospital Length of Stay

Purpose Interventions that decrease hospital length of stay (LOS) after ventricular assist device (VAD) implant reduce resource utilization and potentially mitigate nosocomial complications. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the impact of preoperative VAD education on post VAD implant hospital LOS. We hypothesized that multiple education sessions before initial VAD implant would decrease postoperative LOS. Methods and Materials A preoperative education plan (PEP) was implemented on 1/1/12 for all patients undergoing implantation of a Heartmate II (HMII) or a HeartWare HVAD. PEP consisted of two mandatory education sessions for the patient and caregivers, with an optional third session while the patient was in the operating room. LOS of patients who received PEP was compared with those of patients who underwent conventional education post VAD implant using Wilcoxon’s two-sided rank sum test and summarized via median and mean+SD values. Results For the entire cohort, LOS was shorter (p=0.006) for PEP (N=16, median=14.5 days, mean=18.9+ 13.7 days) compared to conventional (N=41, median=22, mean=24+ 12.8 days) by a median of 7.5 days. There was a trend in reduction of LOS with HMII PEP but it was not statistically significant (p=0.073). The LOS was shorter for HVAD (p=0.044) PEP (N=3, median=13 days, mean=15+4.4 days) compared to conventional (N=20, median=22.5 days, mean=24+10.6 days) by a median of 9.5 days. [ figure 1 ] Conclusions Although this study was limited by sample size, the results show a promising trend of a decreased hospital LOS post VAD implant with implementation of preoperative education. Further study of the impact of pre implant education on post implant LOS is needed to confirm our results.
Architectural Optimization for a 1.82Gbits/sec VLSI Implementation of the AES Rijndael Algorithm

This paper discusses the architectural optimizations for a special purpose ASIC processor that implements the AES Rijndael Algorithm. In October 2000 the NIST chose Rijndael as the new Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The algorithm has variable key length and block length between 128, 192, or 256 bits. VLSI architectural optimizations such as parallelism and distributed memory are discussed, and several hardware design techniques are employed to increase performance and reduce area consumption. The hardware architecture is described using Verilog XL and synthesized by Synopsys with a 0.18µm standard cell library. Results show that with a design of 173,000 gates, data encryption can be done at a rate of 1.82 Gbits/sec.
Posterior glenohumeral joint capsule contracture

Glenohumeral joint posterior capsule contracture may cause shoulder pain by altering normal joint mechanics. Contracture is commonly noted in throwing athletes but can also be present in nonthrowers. The cause of contracture in throwing athletes is assumed to be a response to the high amount of repetitive tensile force placed on the tissue, whereas the mechanism of contracture in nonthrowers is unknown. It is likely that mechanical and cellular processes interact to increase the stiffness and decrease the compliance of the capsule, although the exact processes that cause a contracture have not been confirmed. Cadaver models have been used to study the effect of posterior capsule contracture on joint mechanics and demonstrate alterations in range of motion and in humeral head kinematics. Imaging has been used to assess posterior capsule contracture, although standard techniques and quantification methods are lacking. Clinically, contracture manifests as a reduction in glenohumeral internal rotation and/or cross body adduction range of motion. Stretching and manual techniques are used to improve range of motion and often decrease symptoms in painful shoulders.
Autonomic responses to dynamic displays of facial expressions in adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome

The behavioral phenotype characteristic of Williams syndrome (WS) is marked by strong interest in social interaction, manifested in attention to human faces, empathy, approach behavior and social disinhibition, often coexisting with generalized anxiety. Despite their heightened social interest, people with WS show deficits in explicit emotion recognition tasks similar to those of people with other developmental disabilities. In the current study we explored whether individuals with WS show distinctive autonomic responsiveness to social-emotional information, using skin conductance response and heart rate measures. Autonomic activation was investigated in response to facial expressions of emotion in adolescents and adults with WS, compared to age-matched normal controls and to age-, IQ- and language-matched individuals with learning or intellectual disabilities (LID). Overall participants with WS were less electrodermally responsive to dynamically presented face stimuli than the age- and IQ-matched LID group, and showed more heart rate deceleration when viewing emotional faces than the controls. These findings, indicating hypoarousal but increased interest in response to the dynamic presentation of facial emotions in WS, are consistent with the behavioral profile of high approachability toward social stimuli in this population.
High accuracy formulas for calculation of the characteristic impedance of microstrip lines

An analytical formula for determination of the characteristic impedance of a microstrip line assuming the quasi-TEM mode of propagation is presented. The new form of the final formulas contains only integrals which can be numerically performed by means of the Gauss-Laguerre quadrature. The method can be applied to multilayer lines and also to the case of anisotropic dielectrics. By using some suitable conformal mappings the formulas obtained can be used to determine the characteristic impedance of some cylindrical microstrip lines. We have compared the results given by the proposed formulas with the finite analytical solution available in a particular case and also with results obtained by the substrip method. All the performed tests indicate that the proposed formulas are highly accurate and efficient relations for determining the characteristic impedance of microstrip lines. >
PLAY: Pattern-Based Symbolic Cell Layout Part I: Transistor Placement

This paper describes an approach to symbolic transistor placement from a CMOS circuit net-list as part of an automatic custom cell layout system, PLAY. It consists of two parts, extraction and refinement. The extraction process defines a set of patterns using local connection relationships. Refinement procedures assign topological attributes to each transistor through these patterns and relationships along with other heuristic knowledge. This paradigm provides a new way to embed designers' knowledge for circuit layout. Although only CMOS circuit layout placements are demonstrated, this approach can readily be extended to other technologies. Comparison between PLAY and manual design results is also reported.
Microstructural and Electrical Characterization of Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films

The kinetics of BST thin film grain nucleation and growth caused by rapid thermal annealing have been investigated. A series of Ba0.67Sr0.33Ti1.05O3 films were deposited on Pt electrodes using a metal-organic decomposition process. The effects of anneal time and temperature on BST grain sizes were studied by altering the processing conditions during RTA. A series of films were annealed by RTA at temperatures ranging from 550°C to 950°C for times ranging from 30 to 120 seconds. Crystallographic and microstructural characterization were done using XRD and TEM. The XRD results indicated that BST grain size increased with increasing anneal temperature, but was not affected by anneal time. Plan-view TEM indicated that BST grains were imbedded in an amorphous matrix. The average grain size was on the order of 200 A.
Emergence of a new opportunistic pathogen, Candida lusitaniae.

Candida lusitaniae has been an infrequently reported opportunistic pathogen. Most previously reported cases of serious infection caused by this organism have proven fatal and were associated with amphotericin resistance of the organism. We report two patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy who developed fungemia with this organism while they were granulocytopenic. The organisms isolated from each patient were fully susceptible and were treated successfully with amphotericin B. When isolated from an immunocompromised host, C. lusitaniae should be considered an opportunistic pathogen and undergo antifungal susceptibility testing. Amphotericin B should be considered the drug of choice, but a poor clinical response may be indicative of a resistant isolate. Images
The Evolving Institutional Structure of Public and Private Agricultural Research

Over the past several decades, the private sector has assumed a larger role in developing improved technology for food and agriculture. Private companies fund nearly all food processing research and development (R&D) and perform a growing share of production-oriented R&D for agriculture. In addition, institutional partnerships for public-private research collaboration are growing in the United States and other countries. This article outlines the major forces driving these changes and offers an interpretive framework to explore some of the implications for the volume and nature of research performed by the public and private sectors. One of the critical issues is whether public agricultural research complements and thereby stimulates additional private agricultural R&D investments. Another important issue concerns the role and contribution of alternative public-private partnership arrangements. To date, changes in the institutional structure of public and private agricultural research have outpaced systematic investigation, and new theoretical and empirical research is needed to help guide policy and address key societal challenges, such as climate change, clean energy, water scarcity, food safety, and health.
A Simple Microelectrode for recording from the Central Nervous System

METAL microelectrodes suitable for recording from single cells externally or after penetration have been described by various authors1–3. The procedures of Svaetichin2 and Grundfest1 call for special apparatus, and the method of Hubel3, employing tungsten, in our hands gives rather noisy electrodes which are difficult to straighten. Steel electrodes, which have the advantages of low noise, low electrode potential, ease of straightening and, in particular, offer the possibility of accurate localization of the recording site, may be made as follows.
Achilles' Lead: Will Pacemakers Break Free?

Pacemaker leads, which connect the chest-wall generator of a pacemaker to the pacing electrode in the heart, are the “Achilles’ heel” of pacing and defibrillation systems. Over time, they wear out, which often necessitates their risky removal and replacement. In addition, transvenous leads provide a portal into the vascular space, which increases the risk of infection. Patients with traditional pacemakers and defibrillators are also susceptible to hematomas and pocket infections in the chest wall where the generators lie. Thus, a self-contained leadless pacemaker that can be placed directly into the heart is an appealing prospect. Reports of two recent nonrandomized, . . .
Fingerhut's Pricing Strategy (B): Epilogue

This Epilogue tells the story of Fingerhut when it was acquired by Federated Department Stores for $1.7 billion, at the height of the internet bubble. Federated was interested in Fingerhut's order fulfillment systems as a possible prototype for its own on-line store. That on-line venture never materialized, and Federated began to sell Fingerhut in pieces. It was purchased by the original owner and a Minnesota entrepreneur who are in the process of restoring it to health. The case continues to explore the ethics of Fingerhut's business model, what attracted Federated and why it failed.
ABCD1 Gene Mutations in Chinese Patients with ALD

Thirty-two different ABCD1 mutations were identified by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products in 34 unrelated Chinese X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) patients examined at Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PRC.
A Low Altitudinal Record of the Sierra Nevada Pine Marten

On October 6, 1954, Mr. Gene Gerdes, California Department of Fish and Game, Bishop, and I found a male Sierra Nevada pine marten ( Martes americana sierrae ) that had been killed by an automobile one half mile west of the city limits of Bishop, Inyo County, California on West Line Street. Bishop …
WEATHERING THE STORM?: COAL MINERS AND THEIR UNIONS IN BRITAIN AND POLAND*

Underlying this research is the authors' belief that labor unions have played. and will continue to play, an important role in defending workers' rights. But the extent to which labor unions will be able to carry on this role in the future depends on whether they survive the attacks of the corporate community and the anti-labor governments. We began this research with the premise that comparative-historical studies have the potential to make an important contribution to the recent debates regarding the future of labor unions by examining how the histories of nationalized industries and their socio-economic contexts shaped, and were shaped, by labormanagement struggles. The following paper reflects both our extant commitments and a new stage in our intellectual journey marked by the emphasis on the importance of institutional traditions and actors' identities in shaping the dynamics and outcomes of industrial conflicts.
Automated evaluation of non-native English pronunciation quality: combining knowledge- and data-driven features at multiple time scales.

Automatically evaluating pronunciation quality of non-native speech has seen tremendous success in both research and commercial settings, with applications in L2 learning. In this paper, submitted for the INTERSPEECH 2015 Degree of Nativeness Sub-Challenge, this problem is posed under a challenging crosscorpora setting using speech data drawn from multiple speakers from a variety of language backgrounds (L1) reading different English sentences. Since the perception of non-nativeness is realized at the segmental and suprasegmental linguistic levels, we explore a number of acoustic cues at multiple time scales. We experiment with both data-driven and knowledge-inspired features that capture degree of nativeness from pauses in speech, speaking rate, rhythm/stress, and goodness of phone pronunciation. One promising finding is that highly accurate automated assessment can be attained using a small diverse set of intuitive and interpretable features. Performance is further boosted by smoothing scores across utterances from the same speaker; our best system significantly outperforms the challenge baseline.
Writing Apprehension among Graduate Students: Its Relationship to Self-Perceptions:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between scores on Daly and Miller's (1975a) Writing Apprehension Test and on seven dimensions of Neemann and Harter's (1986) Self-perception Profile for College Students. Participants were 97 students (81 women and 16 men) from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds enrolled in graduate courses in research methodology. Analysis indicated that students with the lowest perceived scholastic competence and perceived creativity tended to have the highest anxiety about writing. Recommendations for research include replication.
SUAV:Q - a hybrid approach to solar-powered flight

Selecting an aerial platform for an application typically requires compromise. A choice must be made between the flight time and long-range capabilities of a fixed-wing aircraft or the maneuverability and stationary characteristics of a multi-rotor platform. Recent developments of small-scale solar-powered UAVs have leveraged the advances in solar cell, energy storage, and propulsion system technology to reach extended flight times capable of all-day and multi-day flight.
40 Collegiate athletes with ankle sprain history exhibit increased fear-avoidance beliefs

Background Post-injury, collegiate athletes have reported elevated levels of fear. However, it is unclear how history of ankle sprain impacts injury-related fear. Objective To determine if Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) scores differ between collegiate athletes with a history of a single ankle sprain, those with recurrent sprains, and healthy controls. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Athletic facilities. Participants From a large database of collegiate athletes 76 participants with a history of a single ankle sprain (38M, 38F; age = 19.5 ± 1.4 years; height = 175.0 ± 10.8 cm; body mass = 71.5 ± 12.7 kg), 44 with a history of recurrent sprains (≥2) (11M, 33F; age = 19.3 ± 1.0 years; height = 170.9 ± 8.7 cm; body mass = 68.3 ± 11.4 kg) and 29 controls with no injury history (16M, 13F; age = 19.5 ± 1.4 years; height = 173.2 ± 10.9 cm; body mass = 73.0 ± 14.8 kg) were included. Athletes with a current injury or history of surgery were excluded. Interventions Participants completed a self-reported injury history questionnaire and the FABQ. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare FABQ scores across groups. Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to determine where group differences occurred. Alpha was set at p ≤ 0.05 for all analyses. Z-values were used to estimate non-parametric effect sizes (ES) and interpreted as small (0.10–0.29), medium (0.30–0.49), and large (≥ 0.50). Main outcome measurements The dependent variable was FABQ score. The FABQ is a 16-item injury-related fear scale. FABQ scores range from 0–66 with higher scores representing elevated fear. Results Group differences were detected for FABQ score (p = 0.002). Athletes with recurrent ankle sprains (41.4 ± 23.4) reported elevated levels of fear compared to those with a single sprain (31.8 ± 21.8, p = 0.03, ES = 0.20) and healthy controls (20.3 ± 21.3, p Conclusions Collegiate athletes with any history of ankle sprain exhibited elevated levels of fear compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest that ankle sprains in general may elevate injury-related fear but those with a history of recurrent sprains appear to be more vulnerable. Accordingly, fear should be addressed during rehabilitation.
Stimulus Dependence of Correlated Variability across Cortical Areas

The way that correlated trial-to-trial variability between pairs of neurons in the same brain area (termed spike count or noise correlation, r SC) depends on stimulus or task conditions can constrain models of cortical circuits and of the computations performed by networks of neurons ([Cohen and Kohn, 2011][1]). In visual cortex, r SC tends not to depend on stimulus properties ([Kohn and Smith, 2005][2]; [Huang and Lisberger, 2009][3]) but does depend on cognitive factors like visual attention ([Cohen and Maunsell, 2009][4]; [Mitchell et al., 2009][5]). However, neurons across visual areas respond to any visual stimulus or contribute to any perceptual decision, and the way that information from multiple areas is combined to guide perception is unknown. To gain insight into these issues, we recorded simultaneously from neurons in two areas of visual cortex (primary visual cortex, V1, and the middle temporal area, MT) while rhesus monkeys viewed different visual stimuli in different attention conditions. We found that correlations between neurons in different areas depend on stimulus and attention conditions in very different ways than do correlations within an area. Correlations across, but not within, areas depend on stimulus direction and the presence of a second stimulus, and attention has opposite effects on correlations within and across areas. This observed pattern of cross-area correlations is predicted by a normalization model where MT units sum V1 inputs that are passed through a divisive nonlinearity. Together, our results provide insight into how neurons in different areas interact and constrain models of the neural computations performed across cortical areas. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Correlations in the responses of pairs of neurons within the same cortical area have been a subject of growing interest in systems neuroscience. However, correlated variability between different cortical areas is likely just as important. We recorded simultaneously from neurons in primary visual cortex and the middle temporal area while rhesus monkeys viewed different visual stimuli in different attention conditions. We found that correlations between neurons in different areas depend on stimulus and attention conditions in very different ways than do correlations within an area. The observed pattern of cross-area correlations was predicted by a simple normalization model. Our results provide insight into how neurons in different areas interact and constrain models of the neural computations performed across cortical areas. [1]: #ref-8 [2]: #ref-16 [3]: #ref-15 [4]: #ref-9 [5]: #ref-23
Antipsychotic medications: clinical use and effectiveness.

Suiting the antipsychotic to the psychosis involves careful evaluation of presenting symptoms and avoidance of undesirable side effects. Strategies for acute management and maintenance therapy in s...
Fine-Tuning Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks for Gas Separations at Will

In this issue of Chem , Zaworotko and colleagues demonstrate that the pore sizes, metrics, and binding sites within two closely related porous metal-organic frameworks can be finely tuned to realize separations of C 2 H 2 and CO 2 mixtures at will.
Identification of a CLL Cancer Stem Cell

Abstract To date cancer research and therapeutic approaches have mainly targeted the cellular mechanisms of aberrant proliferation. These treatments do shrink tumors, but after a remission of variable length, most patients relapse with frequent drug resistance and metastatic dissemination. These features indicate that within a tumor exists a population of cells that is inherently resistant to therapies and are able to reinitiate tumor growth and development. This is the basis of the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory. Targeted elimination of CSCs is actively being explored as a new therapeutic approach in hemato-oncology with a focus on cell surface antigens expressed on CSCs for antibody- or ligand-based therapeutic approaches. Most studies have defined CSCs functionally by their tumor initiating ability, when inoculated into immune-deficient (NSG) mice. These xenograft models have been powerful preclinical tools in a number of malignancies, with the notable exception of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We have recently isolated a primary cell line from the bone marrow BM of a patient with CLL, which we have termed MDA-BM5, and have successfully passaged this line through six serial transplants in NSG mice. The mice die of disease around 1 month post transplant and analysis of organs has demonstrated the presence of CD19+CD5+ cells with Ig light chain restricted to lambda which is consistent with the original patient samples. BM cells from tertiary transplant NSG mice demonstrate a stem cell phenotype; including expression of CD34 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Treatment of MDA-BM5 cells in vitro with inbrutinib is effective in killing 99% of cells, however, continued culture after removal of ibrutinib results in propagation of a "resistant" subpopulation. Based upon these data we propose that the novel cell line (MDA-BM5) contains a CSC subpopulation which replicates human CLL in NSG mice. Further characterization of the CLL-CSC is ongoing to identify potential therapeutic targets. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
In the words of the apostle: Pauline apostolic discourse in the letters of Boniface and his circle

This article analyses the correspondence of Boniface and his associates, arguing that Boniface deliberately but subtly communicates a Pauline apostolic identity in his letters, expressing his personal and professional successes, struggles, and feelings through a pervasive language of biblical allusions drawn primarily from the Pauline Epistles. The effectiveness of this hermeneutic becomes apparent when we see the complicity of Boniface's fellow correspondents and their ability and willingness to respond to his Pauline allusions in kind. They express their support of Boniface's missionary and reform projects through their participation in these discursive practices; their ability to recognize, interpret and engage with this biblical language supplies the meaning to his words and, in doing so, systematically constitutes Boniface as an apostolic figure.
Full Employment and Decent Work in the Post-2015 Development Agenda

In September 2015, the UN General Assembly adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to guide international cooperation on the elimination of poverty and to strengthen universal peace over the next fifteen years. Goal 8 in this framework is to “Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all." This chapter considers Goal 8 in light of international norms on full employment and decent work previously established by the ILO and international human rights law, as well as the globally dominant neoliberal policy-making framework. The chapter argues that the international community has lost sight of the centrality of decent work to human well-being that was understood in 1919 and 1948. In its place, the ideology of neoliberalism has infused international and national development planning with an “economic growth” approach that fails to place people at the center of development.
The use of cannabis in response to the opioid crisis: A review of the literature.

Abstract Background A staggering number of Americans are dying from overdoses attributed to prescription opioid medications (POMs). In response, states are creating policies related to POM harm reduction strategies, overdose prevention, and alternative therapies for pain management, such as cannabis (medical marijuana). However, little is known about how the use of cannabis for pain management may be associated with POM use. Purpose The purpose of this article is to examine state medical cannabis (MC) use laws and policies and their potential association with POM use and related harms. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted to explore United States policies related to MC use and the association with POM use and related harms. Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2017. Using the search criteria, 11,513 records were identified, with 789 abstracts reviewed, and then 134 full-text articles screened for eligibility. Findings Of 134 articles, 10 articles met inclusion criteria. Four articles were cross-sectional online survey studies of MC substitution for POM, six were secondary data analyses exploring state-level POM overdose fatalities, hospitalizations related to MC or POM harms, opioid use disorder admissions, motor vehicle fatalities, and Medicare and Medicaid prescription cost analyses. The literature suggests MC laws could be associated with decreased POM use, fewer POM-related hospitalizations, lower rates of opioid overdose, and reduced national health care expenditures related to POM overdose and misuse. However, available literature on the topic is sparse and has notable limitations. Conclusions Review of the current literature suggests states that implement MC policies could reduce POM-associated mortality, improve pain management, and significantly reduce health care costs. However, MC research is constrained by federal policy restrictions, and more research related to MC as a potential alternative to POM for pain management, MC harms, and its impact on POM-related harms and health care costs should be a priority of public health, medical, and nursing research.
Biochemistry: A radically different enzyme.

The enzyme co-substrate S-adenosylmethionine is a potential source of two different free radicals, yet only one seemed to occur in nature. The discovery of an unusual enzyme reveals that both radicals can be formed.
Clinical Update in Pericardial Diseases

Patients with pericardial disease often require interventional therapies or surgery, making it essential for anesthesiologists to understand the altered physiology of these disease states and the resultant impact on perioperative management. The broad spectrum of syndromes involving the pericardium present with varying degrees of clinical significance, from asymptomatic presentations to life-threatening emergencies. Impaired diastolic filling of the heart represents a common theme of pericardial disease, with the rate of onset of pericardial pathology largely determining the extent of this impairment and subsequent severity of presentation. This review highlights recent updates in the literature regarding the diagnostic evaluation, medical therapy, and invasive therapeutic procedures for common pericardial syndromes from the perspective of a perioperative physician.
The correspondence between transdermal alcohol monitoring and daily self-reported alcohol consumption

Abstract Alcohol consumption is typically assessed via self-report methods, though there are concerns over the accuracy of this information. Transdermal alcohol monitoring can passively and continuously measure alcohol consumption with minimal interference in daily life. The current study examines the correspondence between daily self-reported alcohol consumption and transdermal alcohol monitors. Thirty-two healthy men (n = 16) and women (n = 16) wore a transdermal alcohol monitor for 28 days. Participants were instructed to drink as they usually do and prompted daily with a survey link to report yesterday's drinking. Data analyses focused on the following comparisons: (1) the overall correspondence between self-reported drinking and TAC readings; (2) the sensitivity of various TAC criteria thresholds to detect self-reported drinking (TAC thresholds of none, low, moderate, and heavy); and (3) the risks of false positive TAC findings using self-reported drinking as the Gold Standard. Participants self-reported drinking a total of 324 days, of which, TAC events were detected on 212 days (65.4%). When participants self-reported not drinking (399 days), zero TAC was also found on 366 days (92%). The correspondence between self-reported drinking and transdermal concentrations tended to be good: overall, when self-reported drinking was reported, TAC also detected drinking 65.4% of the time.
The Emergence of American Clinical Sociology

When sociology emerged as a discipline in the United States after the Civil War and Reconstruction, the nation was struggling with issues of democracy and social justice. The era of Jim Crow was upon us, blacks were being lynched,* women were still without the vote, and there was rural and urban poverty. Farmers and workers in the late 1800s could see the centralization of economic and political power in the hands of limited groups of people. Frustration led to public protests and the development of reform organizations. In this environment, it is not surprising to find that many of the early sociologists were interested in solving or at least reducing the pressing social problems confronting their communities.
Reducing Delays in Pediatric Dispatch and Team Departure

Purpose: The purpose of this abstract is reducing delays in dispatch, deployment of the team and better utilization of the team services. The use of effective tools and workflows to facilitate seamless team dispatch and eliminate delays in deployment is the goal of all pediatric transport teams. As pediatric volume increases, so do delays and missed transports for both Neonatal and Pediatric Teams. The secondary effect of increased volume can compromise the timely transport required …
A Variable Frequency ZVS Control of a Three-level Buck without Zero Crossing Detection for Wide-Range Output Voltage Battery Chargers

In this paper, a variable frequency soft-switching control for a three-level half bridge (TLHB) buck converter is proposed to achieve wide-range output battery charging function without losing zero voltage switching (ZVS) or high efficiency. The adopted variable frequency triangle-current-modulation (TCM) is based on dc measurement and average-model calculation, thus able to realize ZVS operation fully digitally without current zero-crossing-detection (ZCD) circuits. A top-level average current or output voltage feedback controller further ensures the desired power or output voltage regulation. Experimental results from a GaN based TLHB prototype have shown the reliable TCM control and smooth transition of ZVS operation through the charging procedure.
Discussion Prompts to Support Family Engagement in Science: Talking about Astroengineering in Library-based Making Programs

Situated within a three-year design-based research project, this case study investigates how families learned about astroengineering. Eleven families (11 adults, 12 children) engaged in activities related to making a lunar rover in four library programs. To support their engagement in design tasks and engineering thinking, think-pair-share discussion prompts were employed between two- and four-times during workshops. Analyses of the implementation of the prompts by the astronomer leading the program and the family talk that resulted from the prompts found that parents were integral to supporting participation in the engineering activities. Youths often did not answer the astronomer's questions directly; instead, the parents re-voiced the prompts prior to the youths' engagement. The family prompts supported reflecting upon prior experiences, defining the design problem, and maintaining the activity flow.
Potential of Lifestyle Changes for Reducing the Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis: Is an Ounce of Prevention Worth a Pound of Cure?

Abstract Purpose Lifestyle may be important in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, changing behaviors may delay or even prevent RA onset. This article reviews the evidence basis for the associations of lifestyle factors with RA risk and considers future directions for possible interventions to reduce RA risk. Methods The literature was reviewed for cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, and clinical trials investigating potentially modifiable lifestyle factors and RA risk or surrogate outcomes on the path toward development such as RA-related autoimmunity or inflammatory arthritis. The evidence related to cigarette smoking, excess weight, dietary intake, physical activity, and dental health for RA risk were summarized. Findings Cigarette smoking has the strongest evidence base as a modifiable lifestyle behavior for increased seropositive RA risk. Smoking may increase seropositive RA risk through gene–environment interactions, increasing inflammation and citrullination locally in pulmonary/oral mucosa or systemically, thereby inducing RA-related autoimmunity. Prolonged smoking cessation may reduce seropositive RA risk. Evidence suggests that excess weight can increase RA risk, although this effect may differ according to sex, serologic status, and age at RA onset. TDietary intake may also affect RA risk: overall healthier patterns, high fish/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption, and moderate alcohol intake may reduce RA risk, whereas caffeine and sugar-sweetened soda consumption might increase RA risk. The impact of physical activity is less clear, but high levels may reduce RA risk. Periodontal disease might induce citrullination and RA-related autoimmunity, but the effect of dental hygiene behaviors on RA risk is unclear. Although the effect size estimates for these lifestyle factors on RA risk are generally modest, there may be relatively large public health benefits for targeted interventions given the high prevalence of these unhealthy behaviors. With the exception of smoking cessation, the impact of behavior change of these lifestyle factors on subsequent RA risk has not been established. Nearly all of the evidence for lifestyle factors and RA risk were derived from observational studies. Implications There are many potentially modifiable lifestyle factors that may affect RA risk. Improving health behaviors could have large public health benefits for RA risk given the high prevalence of many of the RA risk-related lifestyle factors. However, future research is needed to establish the effects of lifestyle changes on RA risk or surrogate outcomes such as RA-related autoimmunity or inflammatory arthritis.
Humerus Fractures After Open Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis: Three Cases with 2-year Functional Outcome Data and Review of the Literature.

Case The authors present 3 cases of humerus fracture after biceps tenodesis performed by 3 different surgeons with radiographs and outcome scores with a minimum of 30 months follow-up. Fractures occurred between 7 days and 4 months postoperatively and include 2 fractures where tenodesis had been performed with interference screw fixation and one fracture where tenodesis had been performed with a bicortical endobutton technique. Conclusions These case reports highlight the risk of this complication in biceps tenodesis with bony fixation. The authors review the previously reported cases and relevant biomechanical studies that elucidate risk factors for humerus fracture and discuss alternative means to treat biceps tendon pathology.
Infantile nystagmus-following the trail of evidence.

Many subclinical retinal disorders still fly beneath the radar of our clinical detection and are therefore diagnosed as “idiopathic” infantile nystagmus. It is not my intention to state categorically that underlying retinal dysfunction is strictly necessary for infantile nystagmus to develop. It is certainly possible that some cases of infantile nystagmus arise spontaneously from an inherent instability of the ocular motor system. Most cases of so-called “idiopathic” infantile nystagmus have underlying genetic mutations. As the downstream effects of these mutations are further elucidated, it will be interesting to see whether the cellular aberrations they produce can be confined to the ocular motor system, or whether they inevitably perturb the sensory visual system to some degree.
PROGNOSIS OF SHORT-TERM (3-MONTH) VERSUS STANDARD (12-MONTH) DUAL ANTI-PLATELET THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME TREATED WITH PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Optimal duration of DAPT in patients with ACS who were treated with drug eluting stents is a challenging topic. Recent studies reported no significant difference in mortality and thrombotic events between 6-month vs 12-month DAPT. Subgroup analysis comparing 3-month vs 12-month DAPT was not
Arthropod vectors of plant viruses

Abstract Arthropod vectors, including insects and mites, play a significant role in the transmission of several viruses to their shared plant hosts. Four classical modes of transmission as well as two less conventional ones are used by arthropod vectors with either piercing-sucking or chewing mouthparts to transmit specific plant viruses in distinct ways. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the understanding of biological and molecular bases for key groups of vector–virus combinations. These findings set the stage for future studies to better comprehend vector–virus interactions and to use that knowledge to devise new and sustainable strategies for vector and viral disease control to ensure food security for a growing worldwide population.
On the Polarization of Unstable D0-Branes into Noncommutative Odd Spheres

We consider the polarization of unstable type-IIB D0-branes in the presence of a background five-form field strength. This phenomenon is studied from the point of view of the leading terms in the non-abelian Born Infeld action of the unstable D0-branes. The equations have SO(4) invariant solutions describing a non-commutative 3-sphere, which becomes a classical 3-sphere in the large-N limit. We discuss the interpretation of these solutions as spherical D3-branes. The tachyon plays a tantalizingly geometrical role in relating the fuzzy S3 geometry to that of a fuzzy S4.
Promoting Inclusion in Education Abroad: A Handbook of Research and Practice. Barclay Hamir, H. & Gozik, N. (eds). Sterling, Virginia: Stylus & NAFSA (2018). [234 pages].

This review of Promoting Inclusion in Education Abroad: A Handbook of Research and Practice celebrates the book as a foundational text for all education abroad professionals as the field continues to grapple with, and increasingly prioritize the improvement of inclusion practices amid a rapidly diversifying student body in higher education. The book is important not only for professionals in the field of international education, but moreover for leaders in higher education who are striving to learn more about strategies for inclusion that are demonstrated to be effective through recent research. Abstract in Spanish Esta revista de Promoviendo la Inclusion en la Educacion en el Extranjero: un Manual de Investigacion y Practica celebra el libro como un texto fundamental para todos los profesionales de la educacion en el extranjero a medida que el campo continua priorizando cada vez mas la mejora de las practicas de inclusion mientras el cuerpo estudiantil en la educacion superior se diversifica rapidamente. El libro es importante no solo para los profesionales en el campo de la educacion internacional, sino tambien para los lideres en la educacion superior que se esfuerzan por aprender mas sobre estrategias de inclusion que han demostrado ser efectivas por medio de estudios recientes.
Simplest Methods of Determining Dynamic Soil Properties for Use in Co-seismic Hazard Analysis

The loss of shear strength in a soil subjected to cyclic loading resulting from a reduction in the effective stress is known as cyclic mobility. Although the occurrence of cyclic mobility can have disastrous consequences including the loss of lives due to landslides and structural failure as well as substantial damages, quantitative evaluation of strength loss as a result of cyclic loading is not well described in the literature. In this study, eighteen laboratory prepared mineral mixtures composed of powdered montmorillonite and kaolinite clay minerals mixed with ground quartz are used to perform static and cyclic simple shear tests to establish the degradation in undrained shear strength that results from cyclic loading. The results are used to establish a relationship between the normalized undrained strength ratio and the post-cyclic effective stress ratio. This relationship is then used to examine the expected reduction in undrained shear strength and corresponding factor of safety against landslide at a post-earthquake landslide site in the Lokanthali region of Nepal after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. The estimates from the proposed relationship are within 10% of the measured values.
Distinguishing Parathyromatosis, Atypical Parathyroid Adenomas, and Parathyroid Carcinomas Utilizing Histologic and Clinical Features.

Parathyromatosis is displaced parathyroid tissue in the neck and mediastinum related to prior surgery. Parathyromatosis can be difficult to distinguish from atypical adenoma and parathyroid carcinoma. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical and morphologic features that may differentiate parathyromatosis, atypical adenoma, and parathyroid carcinoma. Cases of parathyromatosis, atypical adenoma, and parathyroid carcinoma were identified. Index cases were reviewed by consensus for histologic features, including stromal, cytologic/architectural, and invasive features. Ki67 was performed on index cases and scored using the Adsay method. Clinical information was gathered from the electronic medical record. 4 parathyromatosis, 17 atypical adenoma, and 6 parathyroid carcinoma were included. Parathyroid carcinomas were more likely to display coarse chromatin with nucleoli (P = 0.04), infiltrative invasion (P < 0.01), and metastasis (P < 0.01). Only parathyromatosis showed circumscribed invasion. Infiltrative invasion was more common in cases with progression (P = 0.046) and metastasis (P < 0.001). Necrosis and perineural invasion were only present in cases with progression and were more frequent in cases with metastasis (P = 0.079 and P = 0.19, respectively). There were no differences in presence of a fibrous capsule, capsular invasion, intralesional fibrous bands, random endocrine atypia, solid growth, Ki67 index, gland size/weight, serum PTH/calcium levels, and locoregional recurrence rates. There is overlap in the histologic features in parathyromatosis, atypical adenoma, and parathyroid carcinoma. While perineural, vascular, and infiltrative soft tissue invasion should remain diagnostic of malignancy, other atypical features such as solid growth, coarse chromatin with nucleoli, and necrosis should raise concern for recurrence and/or metastasis, and can be present in parathyroid lesions with and without recurrence.
A Two-Pore Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Predict Subcutaneously Administered Different-Size Antibody/Antibody Fragments.

Quantitative modeling of the subcutaneous absorption processes of protein therapeutics is challenging. Here we have proposed a “two-pore” PBPK model that is able to simultaneously characterize plasma PK of different-size protein therapeutics in mice. The skin compartment is evolved to mechanistically account for the absorption pathways through lymph and blood capillaries, as well as local degradation at the SC injection site. The model is developed using in-house plasma PK data generated following subcutaneous administration of 6 different-size protein therapeutics (13–150 kDa) in mice. The model was able to capture plasma PK of all molecules following intravenous and subcutaneous administration relatively well. From the observed plasma PK profiles, as well as from the model simulation result, several important PK descriptors were found to be dependent on protein size for FcRn nonbinding molecules. A positive correlation was found between Tmax and protein size. A “U” shape relationship was found between Cmax and protein size. Negative correlations were observed between bioavailability (F) and local degradation rate (kdeg,SC), and F and protein size. Pathway analysis of the model was conducted for the subcutaneous absorption process, and continuous relationships were established between the percentage of absorption through lymphatic and vascular pathways and protein size. This PBPK model could serve as a platform for the development of different-size protein therapeutics and will be scaled up to humans for translational studies in the future.