cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meat, Fat, and Fruit Consumption and Autoimmune Neurological and Brain Disease

This review is focused on determining the relationship between meat, fat, and fruit consumption and autoimmune neurological and brain disease. How specific nutritional components influence and impact brain and neurological autoimmune diseases will be explored. The diseases that are focused on in this review are multiple sclerosis (MS), myasthenia gravis (MG), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There have been findings that have linked specific nutritional components with an influence on MS and AD onset and progression; however, there has been almost no research revealing any details of a relationship between nutritional components and MG onset and progression. More research and attention is needed in the area of the mechanisms of brain and neural autoimmune diseases, as such research could allow for a much greater understanding of specific autoimmune diseases; this in effect would allow for a greater understanding of how different nutritional components can influence specific autoimmune diseases.
Robotic Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery for the Excision of Rectal Neoplasia: Clinical Experience With 58 Consecutive Patients.

Background Given the significant perioperative risks and costs of total mesorectal excision, minimally invasive transanal surgical approaches have grown in popularity for early rectal cancer and rectal polyps. This article discusses a transanal robotic surgery technique to perform full-thickness resections of benign and malignant rectal neoplasms. Objective The purpose of this study was to describe an initial experience with robotic transanal minimally invasive surgery. Design This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent robotic transanal minimally invasive surgery. Settings The study was conducted at a high-volume colorectal surgery practice with a large health maintenance organization. Patients Patients at Southern California Kaiser Permanente with early rectal cancer and rectal polyps amenable to transanal excision were included. Interventions Transanal resection of rectal tumors were removed using robotic transanal minimally invasive surgery. Main outcome measures Local recurrence of rectal pathology was measured. Results A total of 58 patients underwent robotic transanal minimally invasive surgery with full-thickness rectal resection by 4 surgeons for the following indications: rectal cancer (n = 28), rectal polyp (n = 18), rectal carcinoid (n = 11), and rectal GI stromal tumor (n = 1). Mean operative time was 66.2 minutes (range, 17-180 min). The mean tumor height from the anal verge was 8.8 cm (range, 4-14 cm), and the mean specimen size was 3.3 cm (range, 1.3-8.2 cm). A total of 57 (98.3%) of 58 specimens were intact, and 55 (94.8%) of 58 specimens had negative surgical margins. At a mean follow-up of 11.5 months (range, 0.3-33.3 mo), 3 patients (5.5%) developed local recurrences, and all underwent successful salvage surgery. Limitations The study was limited by being a retrospective, nonrandomized trial with short follow-up. Conclusions Robotic transanal minimally invasive surgery is a safe, oncologically effective surgical approach for rectal polyps and early rectal cancers. It offers the oncologic benefits and perioperative complication profile of other transanal minimally invasive surgical approaches but also enhances surgeon ergonomics and provides an efficient transanal rectal platform. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A759.
Abstract 188: Association Between Uric Acid and Stroke in the REgards Case-cohort Study

Introduction: The association between hyperuricemia and stroke has been inconsistent especially after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Previous studies were limited in the number of even...
Rare disease knowledge enrichment through a data-driven approach

Existing resources to assist the diagnosis of rare diseases are usually curated from the literature that can be limited for clinical use. It often takes substantial effort before the suspicion of a rare disease is even raised to utilize those resources. The primary goal of this study was to apply a data-driven approach to enrich existing rare disease resources by mining phenotype-disease associations from electronic medical record (EMR). We first applied association rule mining algorithms on EMR to extract significant phenotype-disease associations and enriched existing rare disease resources (Human Phenotype Ontology and Orphanet (HPO-Orphanet)). We generated phenotype-disease bipartite graphs for HPO-Orphanet, EMR, and enriched knowledge base HPO-Orphanet + and conducted a case study on Hodgkin lymphoma to compare performance on differential diagnosis among these three graphs. We used disease-disease similarity generated by the eRAM, an existing rare disease encyclopedia, as a gold standard to compare the three graphs with sensitivity and specificity as (0.17, 0.36, 0.46) and (0.52, 0.47, 0.51) for three graphs respectively. We also compared the top 15 diseases generated by the HPO-Orphanet + graph with eRAM and another clinical diagnostic tool, the Phenomizer. Per our evaluation results, our approach was able to enrich existing rare disease knowledge resources with phenotype-disease associations from EMR and thus support rare disease differential diagnosis.
Suppression in object-based attention

This study examines suppression in object-based attention in three experiments using an object-based attention task similar to Egly, R., Driver, J., & Rafal, R. D. (1994. Shifting visual attention ...
Treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer in a patient with a bicornuate uterus with MRI-guided intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy.

Purpose Definitive treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) includes external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with concurrent cisplatin and brachytherapy. Image-guided intracavitary brachytherapy utilizes CT and/or MRI for target and organ at risk delineation and has been shown to improve local control rates and decrease toxicity. Hybrid intracavitary/interstitial applicators can be used to improve tumor coverage in certain cases. We describe the use of combined intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy to treat a cervical cancer patient with a bicornuate uterus. Case presentation A 30-year-old female with bicornuate uterus and FIGO IB2 adenocarcinoma of the cervix was treated with 45 Gy of EBRT to the pelvis with concurrent weekly cisplatin. An examination after EBRT demonstrated a persistent bulky tumor covering most of the cervix. Brachytherapy was delivered via a combined intracavitary/interstitial approach, using a tandem and ring applicator and an interstitial needle. The placement of the tandem was alternated between uterine cornua with each fraction, and the interstitial needle was placed on the side opposite the tandem. CT and MRI were obtained with each fraction. The patient completed the treatment without complications. Three-month restaging PET-CT showed significant interval improvement in the cervix, with a complete clinical response on physical examination. The patient is without evidence of disease 18 months after the treatment. Conclusions We found that the use of the hybrid applicator allowed for adequate target coverage in a patient with unusual anatomy. The patient tolerated treatment well and demonstrated favorable response on follow-up exam and imaging. The long-term curative result needs to be further evaluated.
Acoustic Assessment of Treatment Response for Children with Acute Asthma Exacerbation

Asthma is the most common pediatric chronic illness and acute asthma exacerbations in children lead to numerous emergency department (ED) visits each year. Current methods to gauge a child’s response to treatment rely on a mixture of qualitative and quantitative measures and require experienced practitioners. In this work, we present a child-friendly acoustic device developed with the aim of expediting and quantifying assessment of treatment responsiveness for this vulnerable population. The device acquires measurements from a digital stethoscope as sound is sent through the chest using a custom chest exciter. In this work, we compared sound transmission from patients before and after administration of hospital albuterol sulfate nebulizer. One hundred and forty recordings were collected from ten children that presented to the ED for acute asthma exacerbation. Preliminary data is presented for these patients, demonstrating a shift of approximately 2 dB after treatment and relief of symptoms. This improvement was also validated using an established asthma assessment scoring system.
Longer-Term Morbidity/Mortality of Severe Left Ventricular Primary Graft Dysfunction after Heart Transplantation

Purpose Severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is seen in approximately 5% of all heart transplant recipients per the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) PGD grading scale. These patients suffer endothelial cell damage and are known to have increased risk of early mortality. It is not known whether the survivors of severe PGD develop more donor specific antibody (DSA), have more treated rejections, have increased risk of the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), and have increased mortality at 3 years post transplantation. We sought to assess this potential association. Methods Between 2010-2016 we assessed 24 heart transplant patients who developed severe PGD per the ISHLT PGD grading scale. These patients who developed severe PGD were compared to those without severe PGD in a contemporaneous era. Patients were then followed for 3 years and assessed for the following endpoints: 3-year survival, 3-year freedom from CAV, 3-year freedom from non-fatal major adverse cardiac events (NF-MACE, defined as myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention/angioplasty, new congestive heart failure, pacemaker/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement, and stroke), and 1-year freedom from rejection, including any treated rejection (ATR), acute cellular rejection (ACR), and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Results Patients with severe PGD had decreased 3-year survival, 1-year freedom from any treated rejection, and 3-year freedom from NF-MACE compared to those patients who did not have severe PGD. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of 3-year freedom from CAV and freedom from DSA. Conclusion Severe PGD appears to have increased mortality and morbidity with more rejection and more NF-MACE. More intense therapies to offset the inflammatory response from severe PGD should be pursued.
Idiopathic Anaphylaxis: A Form of Mast Cell Activation Syndrome.

Idiopathic anaphylaxis is a condition caused by paroxysmal episodes of sudden-onset multiorgan involvement variably including laryngeal edema, urticaria, bronchoconstriction, dyspnea, hypoxia, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and hypotension. Rarely, the episodes can lead to cardiovascular collapse and death in the absence of a clear trigger, especially in the presence of other cardiovascular comorbidities. Elevated mast cell mediators such as tryptase and histamine have been reported during episodes, and mast cells are considered the primary cells responsible for driving anaphylaxis in humans. Basophils also secrete histamine and LTC4 when activated and theoretically can contribute to symptoms. As our understanding of mast cell disorders continue to grow, the classification for these disorders evolves. The purpose of this article was 2-fold: to review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of idiopathic anaphylaxis and to discuss the classification of idiopathic anaphylaxis within the broader context of mast cell activation disorders.
Comparison of metal-bound and unbound structures of aminopeptidase B proteins from Escherichia coli and Yersinia pestis

Protein degradation by aminopeptidases is involved in bacterial responses to stress. Escherichia coli produces two metal-dependent M17 family leucine aminopeptidases (LAPs), aminopeptidase A (PepA) and aminopeptidase B (PepB). Several structures have been solved for PepA as well as other bacterial M17 peptidases. Herein, we report the first structures of a PepB M17 peptidase. The E. coli PepB protein structure was determined at a resolution of 2.05 and 2.6 A. One structure has both Zn2+ and Mn2+ , while the second structure has two Zn2+ ions bound to the active site. A 2.75 A apo structure is also reported for PepB from Yersinia pestis. Both proteins form homohexamers, similar to the overall arrangement of PepA and other M17 peptidases. However, the divergent N-terminal domain in PepB is much larger resulting in a tertiary structure that is more expanded. Modeling of a dipeptide substrate into the C-terminal LAP domain reveals contacts that account for PepB to uniquely cleave after aspartate.
Distortion Prediction and NURBS Based Geometry Compensation for Reducing Part Errors in Additive Manufacturing

Abstract Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a process in which a part is typically fabricated by depositing materials layer by layer. Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Process (PBFAM) is one type of AM process which utilizes a high energy laser source to heat and fuse metal powders into a solid part. The constant cycle of heating and cooling in each layer causes thermal deformation associated with residual stresses that reduce the geometric accuracy of the build. To remedy this problem, a compensation algorithm is presented in this paper which modifies the native NURBS CAD geometry of the part to counteract the thermal distortion. An inherent strain-based fast distortion prediction model is used to predict the thermal distortion of the part. The resulting distorted FEA nodes are used to construct a NURBS based compensated geometry using nonlinear least square fitting approach using the original NURBS parameters. Compensating the native NURBS geometry of the model provides more accuracy for the part build rather than compensating STL models. Validation of the algorithm is performed using two case studies by comparing the thermal deformation of pre and post compensated NURBS geometries. The accuracy and robustness of the algorithm for achieving geometric tolerances are further assessed by comparing the flatness and cylindricity tolerances values of the part feature from the two case studies.
Stigmatization, Resilience, and Mental Health Among a Diverse Community Sample of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Individuals in the U.S.

Transgender and gender nonbinary (TGNB) individuals were recently designated a health disparity population by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. We examined the effect of gender-related discrimination and resilience factors on the mental health of a community sample diverse in gender identity, age, and race/ethnicity. We report on the baseline data of a longitudinal study of transgender identity development across the lifespan with 330 TGNB individuals recruited through venue-based recruitment in three major metropolitan areas in the U.S. Mean age of participants was 34.4 years (SD = 13.7). Structured interviews collected self-report data on sociodemographics, gender-related discrimination, mental health, and resilience. We used hierarchical regression to examine the association between gender-related discrimination and psychological distress (BSI-18) and tested the moderating effect of family support, transgender community connectedness, gender literacy, and transgender activism on this relationship. In adjusted analyses, gender-related discrimination was positively associated with psychological distress. Family support was negatively associated with psychological distress. Contrary to our expectations, gender literacy and transgender activism were positively associated with psychological distress, while no significant relationship was found for transgender community connectedness. Family support, transgender community connectedness, gender literacy, and transgender activism did not moderate the effect of gender-related discrimination on psychological distress. Future mental health interventions should consider leveraging family support among TGNB individuals. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the role of gender literacy and activism with respect to mental health and development of identity and resilience among TGNB people.
A social ecology approach and applications of urban ecosystem and landscape analyses: a case study of Baltimore, Maryland

The early interactions between plant, animal, and human ecology in the 1920s in the United States provide an initial basis for understanding and directing an integrated ecosystem approach to the study of sociocultural and biophysical patterns and processes of present day cities. However, whereas the human ecology approach of the 1920s and 30s was interested in metaphorical similarities with plant and animal ecologists, we propose a more integrated approach to human ecosystem observation and analysis. A critical feature to an integrated, urban ecosystem approach is the ability of researchers to address the spatial heterogeneity of urban ecosystems; i.e. the development and dynamics of spatial heterogeneity and the influences of spatial patterns on cycles and fluxes of critical resources (e.g. energy, materials, nutrients, genetic and nongenetic information, population, labor, and capital). An important question in this context is how differential access to and control over critical resources affect the structure and function of urban ecosystems. To address this heterogeneity, we illustrate a human ecosystem and landscape approach and how the concept of social differentiation can be applied spatially at different scales with a case study from our research in Baltimore, Maryland. Further, we identify different methods, tools, and techniques that can be used for an integrated, urban ecosystem approach.
Ensemble Manifold Regularized Multi-Modal Graph Convolutional Network for Cognitive Ability Prediction

Objective: Multi-modal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to make predictions about individual behavioral and cognitive traits based on brain connectivity networks. Methods: To take advantage of complementary information from multi-modal fMRI, we propose an interpretable multi-modal graph convolutional network (MGCN) model, incorporating both fMRI time series and functional connectivity (FC) between each pair of brain regions. Specifically, our model learns a graph embedding from individual brain networks derived from multi-modal data. A manifold-based regularization term is enforced to consider the relationships of subjects both within and between modalities. Furthermore, we propose the gradient-weighted regression activation mapping (Grad-RAM) and the edge mask learning to interpret the model, which is then used to identify significant cognition-related biomarkers. Results: We validate our MGCN model on the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort to predict individual wide range achievement test (WRAT) score. Our model obtains superior predictive performance over GCN with a single modality and other competing approaches. The identified biomarkers are cross-validated from different approaches. Conclusion and Significance: This paper develops a new interpretable graph deep learning framework for cognition prediction, with the potential to overcome the limitations of several current data-fusion models. The results demonstrate the power of MGCN in analyzing multi-modal fMRI and discovering significant biomarkers for human brain studies.
Organisation as a Living Organism: A Corporate Governance Perspectives

Organisational behavior is a discursive subject and much has been written about it. Especially, the new and emerging area of organisational behavior is a hybrid that involves two or more areas of studies such as management, governance and organisation. They are discovered to require knowledgeably or specialist knowledge of expertise while measuring new trends and discoveries in organisational behavior. This study establishes new facts regarding organisation as organism from the metaphorical perception. The author theorizes a new cultural transplant from the organisational studies through the corporate governance lenses. With the American-British and the German-Japanese models of governance systems having no clear superiority over the years, the state of the global economy necessitated that new ideas on internationalisation and multinationalism be tested. Using a literary methodological approach, this study idealized, experimented and proved that systems, model or code cross breeding may be an epitome of a new global world while creating a new economic world order.
Can peers help reduce violations of information security policies? The role of peer monitoring

Peers may help others avoid violating organisational information security policies (ISPs). This study explores how peer monitoring reduces employee ISP violation intention. We propose that peer mon...
Silicon Oxycarbide Glasses

The first attempts to introduce carbon into glass date back to 1951. But up until recently, the use of carbon or carbide raw materials, and the oxidation, volatilization and decomposition that accompany high temperature melting, have limited the synthesis of true silicon oxycarbide glasses. Here, the term silicon-oxycarbide refers specifically to a carbon-containing silicate glass wherein oxygen and carbon atoms share bonds with silicon in the amorphous, network structure. Thus, there is a distinction between black glass, which contains only a second-phase dispersion of elemental carbon, and oxycarbide glasses which usually contain both network carbon and elemental carbon. In addition to exploring the unique properties and applications of these glasses, per se, they are also of interest for developing models of the residual amorphous phases in polymer-derived silicon-carbide and silicon-nitride ceramics. The application of sol/gel techniques to glass synthesis has significantly advanced the development and characterization of silicon oxycarbide glasses. In this approach, alkyl-substituted silicon alkoxides, which are molecular precursors containing oxygen and carbon functionalities on the silicon, can be hydrolyzed and condensed without decomposition or loss of the carbon functional group. A low-temperature (<1000°C) heat-treatment of the gel creates a glassy silicate material whose molecular structure consists of an oxygen/carbon anionic network. In addition, there is always a blackening of the material due to elemental carbon, which forms during pyrolysis and densification of the gel. The nature of the network carbon, and especially the distribution and form of the elemental carbon, are fundamental to the structure and properties of these novel materials. Their chemical and physical characteristics as revealed by NMR, Raman and TEM are discussed in the overview. In addition, the high temperature stability of these glasses (up to 1750°C), and the effect of hot-pressing, are described. It will be shown that the silicon oxycarbide network is stable up to 1000–1200°C. The network carbon is terminated with hydrogen (i.e., CH, =CH2 and –CH3), and with polyaromatic carbon (i.e., nC6Hx) wherein most of the elemental carbon resides. These glasses can be described as molecular composites of polyaromatic graphene-rings dispersed in a silicon oxycarbide network. After heating to temperatures in excess of 1000–1200°C, the oxycarbide network decomposes through the loss of hydrogen, and a two- or three-phase glass-ceramic consisting of nanocrystalline graphite, silicon carbide, and amorphous silica or cristobalite, is created. Some of the properties and applications of these glasses/glass-ceramics for coatings, composites and porous solids are summarized.
Slight Expectations: Making Sense of the “Me Me Me” Generation

Current scholarship on the transition to adulthood focuses on the declining importance of role transitions, such as school completion or marriage, in subjective definitions of adulthood. Recent research finds that in place of traditional markers, young adults emphasize individualistic or psychological attributes as indicators of achieving adulthood. Some scholars and popular writers have interpreted this shift toward personal markers of growth as a sign of narcissism, self-absorption, and lack of a collective sense of responsibility. Drawing on 100 interviews with working-class young men and women, I argue that these characterizations of young adults fail to take into account the larger cultural and social context of declining job security, rising inequality, and falling institutional trust. By situating young adults' individualistic, self-focused accounts of adulthood within the framework of declining loyalty in work, distrust in institutions, and diminishing social support, I demonstrate that working-class Millennials' use of individualistic criteria of adulthood can be better understood as a strategy for coming to terms with the impossibility of traditional sources of meaning and self-worth such as work or family.
Bibliographic information retrieval systems: increasing cognitive compatibility

Afin d'eviter la traduction de la question de l'utilisateur par des mots cles, des groupes de recherche tentent d'utiliser les techniques des systemes de bases de connaissances pour se servir au mieux des systemes de recherche en ligne. Il faut donc faire appel a l'intelligence artificielle pour identifier et coder les connaissances; et il faut pouvoir identifier les facteurs humains afin de concevoir les interfaces appropriees
Almost Everywhere Behavior of General Wavelet Shrinkage Operators

Abstract Wavelet shrinkage estimators are obtained by applying a shrinkage rule on the empirical wavelet coefficients. Such simple estimators are now well explored and widely used in wavelet-based nonparametrics. Results of Tao (1996, Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal.3, 384–387) demonstrated that hard and soft thresholding shrinkage estimators absolutely converge almost everywhere to the original function when the threshold value goes to zero. Such natural and intuitive behavior of threshold estimators is expected, yet this result does not translate to the Fourier expansions. In this paper we show that almost everywhere convergence of shrinkage estimators holds for a range of shrinkage rules, not necessarily thresholding, subject to some mild technical conditions. Comments about the norm convergence are provided as well.
Long pulse neutral beam system for the Tokamak Physics Experiment

Abstract The Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) is planned as a long-pulse or steady-state machine to serve as a successor to the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). The neutral beam component of the heating and current drive systems will be provided by a TFTR beamline modified to allow operation for pulse lengths of 1000 s. This paper presents a brief overview of the conceptual design which has been carried out to determine the changes to the beamline and power supply components that will be required to extend the pulse length from its present limitation of 1 s at full power. The modified system, like the present one, will be capable of injecting about 8 MW of power as neutral deuterium. The initial operation will be with a single beamline oriented co-directional to the plasma current, but the TPX system design is capable of accommodating an additional co-directional beamline and a counter-directional beamline.
The Generality of the Ratio-Bias Phenomenon

A well-substantiated, surprising finding is that people judge the occurrence of an event of low probability as less likely when its probability is represented by a ratio of smaller (e.g., I in 20) than of larger (e.g., 10 in 200) numbers. The results of three experiments demonstrated that the phenomenon is broadly general and occurs as readily in pre-as in post outcome judgments. These results support an interpretation in terms of subjective probability, as suggested by the principles of cognitive-experiential self theory, but not an interpretation in terms of imagining counter-factual alternatives, as proposed by norm theory.
The assessment of public agency responsiveness: A pilot study in an urban context☆

Abstract This paper briefly examines research on political responsiveness and suggests that the current concentration on policy-level responsiveness is insufficient. A definition of responsiveness is provided which incorporates citizen evaluation of political responses to the specific demands placed by them. This formulation is then utilized in an impact-responsiveness pilot study of two urban agencies. Findings indicate that responsiveness is a discrete characteristic of public agency performance with a causal background different from related variables such as agency effectiveness. A set of social-psychological variables which describe the attitudes and activities of agency work units processing demands are found to be a better predictor of responsiveness than either the structural features of the agency or the socio-economic characteristics of the demanders evaluating agency responsiveness.
Theory of small on large: Potential utility in computations of fluid–solid interactions in arteries

Abstract Recent advances in medical imaging, computational methods, and biomechanics promise to enable significant improvements in engineering-based decision making in vascular medicine, surgery, and training. To realize the potential of this approach, however, we must better synthesize the separate advances, particularly those in biofluid mechanics and arterial wall mechanics. In this paper, we describe a method for exploiting the typically small deformations experienced by arteries during the cardiac cycle while retaining essential features of the complex nonlinear, anisotropic behavior of the wall relative to unloaded configurations. In particular, we show that the well-known theory of small deformations superimposed on large can facilitate computations of fluid–solid interactions by exploiting methods familiar in linearized elasticity without compromising the description of the nonlinear wall mechanics. Indeed, the theory reveals potential errors when one simply tries to employ standard linearized results straight away. For purposes of illustration, small on large results are provided for the rabbit basilar artery and a constitutive relation for arteries recently proposed by Holzapfel and colleagues. It now remains for future studies to implement this approach in coupled fluid–solid problems.
Bonhoeffer's Eighth Day: The Orders of Preservation and a Theology of Natural Ability

The award-winning Belgian film Le huitieme jour, about a young man with Down syndrome, begins with static on a television screen. This reflects the current state of disability study: much has been accomplished through the work of Nancy Eiesland, Amos Yong, and John Swinton, but there still is static in the conversation. Dietrich Bonhoeffer rejected the theological discourse of his day regarding the orders of creation and argued instead for the orders of preservation. This turn, in the area of theology and disability, means a move away from questions about God's creating (or not) of disability, and instead moves toward the preservation of life in Christ. In so doing, Bonhoeffer takes a surprising stance as a Protestant by drawing on natural law theology and points to our high calling in life on “the eighth day.”
An adaptive integration scheme for irregularly oscillatory functions

Abstract A modified version of the Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature scheme is applied to evaluate wavenumber integrals of the form ∫ a b F(x) cos (rx) d x and ∫ a b F(x)J n (rx) d x . It is shown to be much more efficient than other commonly used methods for the numerical evaluation of this type of integral. The method is applied to the calculation of the spectral response of a layered solid to a transient source.
Luminescent decay kinetics of malachite green on a picosecond time scale

Abstract Luminescence measurements after laser pulse excitation are reported for the dye malachite green in solutions of different viscosity with a time resolution of 10 ps.
Home Hemodialysis: Present State of the Evidence

disappointing results suggested that the high mortality associated with hemodialysis could not be impacted upon with relatively small increases in solute clearance. It also further questioned the rationale of focusing on Kt/V as a measure of dialysis adequacy. The mortality rate for hemodialysis patients in the U.S. is high at approximately 24.4 deaths/100 patient-years.4 The high mortality rate has persisted despite progressive increases in Kt/V over the past two decades, from 1.11 in 1991 to 1.52 in 2002.5 In addition, despite this increase in Kt/V, the complications of hypertension,6 malnutrition,7 congestive heart failure,8 and bone and mineral disorders9 have remained unacceptably high. These outcome data clearly indicate that dialysis adequacy cannot be simply measured in terms of Kt/V. Given these persistently poor outcomes
Bootstrap standard error estimates in a switching regression model with unknown switch point

We identify and analyze a problem in switching regressions estimation, and evaluate the bootstrap as a solution. The usual estimation method for this model overstates the precision of the parameter estimates, since the standard error estimates that it generates are conditional on the switch point estimate. Bootstrap techniques allow the estimation of unconditional standard errors. We estimate a response surface to evaluate the accuracy and responsiveness of the bootstrap standard errors. Our results indicate that the bootstrap estimates standard errors of both the switch point estimator and regression coefficient estimators with reasonable accuracy.
Use of topically applied nitroglycerin in the treatment of purpura fulminans

15. Lamberts R, Creutzfeldt W, St6ckmann F, Jacubaschke U, Maas S, Brunner G. Long-term omeprazote treatment in man: effects on gastric endocrine cell populations. Digestion 1988;39:126-35, 16. Goldfain D, le Bodic MF, Lavergne A, Galian A, Modigliani R. Gastric earcinoid tumours in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome on long-term omeprazole [Letter]. Lancet 1989;1:776-7. 17. Solcia E, Capella C, Fiocca R, Rindi G, Rosai J. Gastric argyrophil carc[noidosis in patients with Zollinger-Etlison syndrome due to type 1 multiple endocrine neoplasia. Am J Surg Pathol 1990;14:503-13. 18. Larsson H, Carllson E, Mattsson H, et al. Plasma gastrin and gastric enterochromatfin-like cell activation and proliferation: studies with omeprazole and ranitidine in intact and antrectomized rats. Gastroenterology 1986;90:391-9.
High-Dose Cisplatin Carboplatin Chemotherapy in Primary Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

The purpose of the study was to maximize platinum dose intensity in women with ovarian cancer by combining cisplatin and carboplatin and using Day 1 and 8 scheduling. Thirty-two consecutive patients with primary stage 3 or 4 epithelial ovarian cancer underwent radical cytoreductive surgery followed by high-dose cisplatin carboplatin chemotherapy. Twenty-eight tumors (88%) were stage 3C or 4 and 20 (62%) were grade 3. Following radical cytoreductive surgery, 21 patients (66%) had less than 5 mm of residual disease. The first 2 patients treated with 75 mg/m2 cisplatin and 150 mg/m2 carboplatin on Days 1 and 8 every 28 days for 5 cycles developed severe and prolonged thrombocytopenia. As a result, the dose was reduced to 70 mg/m2 cisplatin and 100 mg/m2 carboplatin for the remaining 30 patients, representing a monthly platinum dose of 207 mg/m2. Projected platinum dose intensity was 700 mg/m2 cisplatin and 1000 mg/m2 carboplatin delivered over 16 weeks. Eleven patients (44%) received 100% and 27 patients (84%) received > 90% projected platinum dose intensity. Median projected platinum dose intensity received was 97%. Grade 4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 43 cycles (28%) and grade 3 peripheral neuropathy occurred in 15 patients (47%). Central nervous system toxicity occurred frequently: ototoxicity, 66%; decreased taste, 50%; optic toxicity, 41%; memory loss, 34%. Twenty-seven patients (84%) had a clinical complete response and 7 patients (44%) undergoing second-look laparotomy had a pathologic complete response. The majority of clinical responses were based on CA-125. Median survival has not been reached at 2.1 years. Median progression-free survival is 1.4 years. Combining cisplatin and carboplatin using Day 1 and 8 scheduling allows maximum hematologic platinum dose intensity; however, peripheral neuropathy is prohibitive. Day 1 and 8 scheduling does not appear to prevent peripheral neuropathy when delivering dose-intense platinum chemotherapy. Central nervous system toxicity of high-dose platinum is more common than previously reported.
ARIMA time series modeling and forecasting for adaptive I/O prefetching

Bursty application I/O patterns, together with transfer limited storage devices, combine to create a major I/O bottleneck on parallel systems. This paper explores the use of time series models to forecast application I/O request times, then prefetching I/O requests during computation intervals to hide I/O latency. Experimental results with I/O intensive scientific codes show performance improvements compared to standard UNIX prefetching strategies.
Integral constraints in general relativity

Abstract Using a covariant formalism we derive the conditions for there to exist integral constraints on energy-momentum perturbations in an arbitrary background spacetime.
Thermal and hemodynamic responses to postoperative rewarming with a sub-atmospheric pressure device ☆

Abstract Cutaneous rewarming of hypothermic patients is a slow process, since vasoconstriction limits heat transfer from the skin surface to the core thermal compartment. A self-contained sub-atmospheric pressure warming device has recently been developed to allow rapid core rewarming by overcoming the vasoconstrictive response to hypothermia. The current study was performed to determine the safety and efficacy of sub-atmospheric pressure rewarming by measuring thermal and hemodynamic changes in postoperative surgical patients. Sub-atmospheric pressure rewarming preferentially delivers heat to the core rather than the skin surface, and effectively rewarms postoperative patients without adverse hemodynamic effects.
Perceived glossiness and lightness under real-world illumination.

Color, lightness, and glossiness are perceptual attributes associated with object reflectance. For these perceptual representations to be useful, they must correlate with physical reflectance properties of objects and not be overly affected by changes in illumination or viewing context. We employed a matching paradigm to investigate the perception of lightness and glossiness under geometric changes in illumination. Stimuli were computer simulations of spheres presented on a highdynamic-range display. Observers adjusted the diffuse and specular reflectance components of a test sphere so that its appearance matched that of a reference sphere simulated under a different light field. Diffuse component matches were close to veridical across geometric changes in light field. In contrast, specular component matches were affected by geometric changes in light field. We tested several independence principles and found (i) that the effect of changing light field geometry on the diffuse component matches was independent of the reference sphere specular component; (ii) that the effect of changing light field geometry on the specular component matches was independent of the reference sphere diffuse component; and (iii) that diffuse and specular components of the match depended only slightly on the roughness of the specular component. Finally, we found that equating simple statistics (i.e., standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) computed from the luminance histograms of the spheres did not predict the matches: these statistics differed substantially between spheres that matched in appearance across geometric changes in the light field.
High-energy hadron production and inclusive reactions

Abstract Recent data on multiparticle production at high energies are reviewed. The major topics include exclusive analyses, multiplicity distributions, single-particle inclusive spectra, and correlations. An effort is made to explore the physical significance of these results.
APL2 as a specification language for statistics

APL has had a dedicated following for many years among some sections of the academic and industrial statistical communities. One of its greatest strengths is its value as a specification language. Not only can algorithms be described consistently and unambiguously, but also, given an appropriate interpreter, the specifications can be immediately executed. A group of academic and industrial statisticians in the United Kingdom recognized these capabilities and embarked on a project called ASL (APL Statistics Library) with the support of the British APL Association. ASL aims to provide a collection of coherent APL functions for widely used statistical calculations, thereby creating stan-dards for the unambiguous expression of statistical algorithms. A natural consequence of this is that discussions of more complex algorithms and methods can occur without the need to revisit and redefine basic functions and the ways in which they interpret data.
The Technique of Ventricular Septal Defect Closure in L-Transposition of the Great Vessels

Heart block has been a frequent complication of ventricular septal defect closure in L-transposition of the great vessels. Intraoperative mapping of the conduction tissue combined with accurate suture placement should significantly reduce the incidence of heart block produced by direct injury to the conduction tissue.
The Effect of Environmental Temperature on the Percentage of Fat in Cow's Milk

The great variation in the composition of cow's milk is a matter of common observation. Studies of the causes of this variation, with regard to the fat content of milk, are numerous and have been summarized by Turner (30), who states that there are two fundamental causes of the variations. The first is the hereditary variation due to the genetic makeup of the breed and individual. The second cause appears to be due to physiological changes in the animal, caused by such factors as management, environment, lactation, reproduction and age. To the second cause Woodward (33) and Clothier (11) would add feed as a factor, and Eckles (12) adds the factor of condition of cow at time of calving. The effect of environment, or more specifically, environmental temperature, is considered in this paper. The relation between season of the year and the per cent of fat in milk is generally known. • It was shown by Eckles (13) in 1909 from a study of 240 lactation periods of cows in the Missouri and Iowa Experiment Station herds. He found that, regardless of when the lactation began, the percentage of fat when plotted followed a curve for the year, being lowest during June and July and gradually rising to the highest point in December and January, and then declining again till midsummer. White and Judkins (32) concur in this opinion, presenting data taken on 49 cows over a period of seven and one-half years. They conclude that the milk tests lower in fat content in the
Writing about patients III: Comparisons of attitudes and practices of analysts residing outside and within the USA

When analysts write about patients, they find themselves in a position of conflict. Their first loyalty is to their patients and maintaining confidentiality. However, they are also committed to advancing scientific knowledge in the psychoanalytic field. The attitudes and practices of 36 analysts residing outside the USA, who published articles using clinical material from their patients, are reported. Their attitudes and practices are compared with those of 30 author-analysts residing within the USA, who had been previously interviewed. Among the 66 analysts, geographic region was not a basis for distinguishing differences in attitudes or practices. Slightly more than twice as many analysts use only disguised material as regularly ask permission of their patients to write about them. The decision to use only disguise is somewhat more frequent for analysts who reside outside the USA than for those living within it. Analysts around the world are increasingly concerned about the accessibility of published material. More analysts have come to believe that it is necessary to ask permission before publishing material. Some analysts also believe that the request itself, and the patients reading written material about themselves, focus issues that are central to patients' characters and conflicts that can then be explored analytically.
Mismatched base pair simulations for ASFV Pol X/DNA complexes help interpret frequent G•G misincorporation

DNA polymerase X (pol X) from the African swine fever virus is a 174-amino-acid repair polymerase that likely participates in a viral base excision repair mechanism, characterized by low fidelity. Surprisingly, pol X's insertion rate of the G*G mispair is comparable to that of the four Watson-Crick base pairs. This behavior is in contrast with another X-family polymerase, DNA polymerase beta (pol beta), which inserts G*G mismatches poorly, and has higher DNA repair fidelity. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we previously provided support for an induced-fit mechanism for pol X in the presence of the correct incoming nucleotide. Here, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of pol X/DNA complexes with different incoming incorrect nucleotides in various orientations [C*C, A*G, and G*G (anti) and A*G and G*G (syn)] and compare the results to available kinetic data and prior modeling. Intriguingly, the simulations reveal that the G*G mispair with the incoming nucleotide in the syn configuration undergoes large-scale conformational changes similar to that observed in the presence of correct base pair (G*C). The base pairing in the G*G mispair is achieved via Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding with an overall geometry that is well poised for catalysis. Simulations for other mismatched base pairs show that an intermediate closed state is achieved for the A*G and G*G mispair with the incoming dGTP in anti conformation, while the protein remains near the open conformation for the C*C and the A*G syn mismatches. In addition, catalytic site geometry and base pairing at the nascent template-incoming nucleotide interaction reveal distortions and misalignments that range from moderate for A*G anti to worst for the C*C complex. These results agree well with kinetic data for pol X and provide a structural/dynamic basis to explain, at atomic level, the fidelity of this polymerase compared with other members of the X family. In particular, the more open and pliant active site of pol X, compared to pol beta, allows pol X to accommodate bulkier mismatches such as guanine opposite guanine, while the more structured and organized pol beta active site imposes higher discrimination, which results in higher fidelity. The possibility of syn conformers resonates with other low-fidelity enzymes such as Dpo4 (from the Y family), which readily accommodate oxidative lesions.
Structural width of low-angle grain boundaries in olivine

Electron diffraction and imaging techniques have been used to examine the structure and thickness of low-angle grain boundaries in olivine. For edge-on grain boundaries, a periodic array of dislocations in a boundary gives rise to sets of periodic rods of diffracted intensity that are recorded as streaks in the diffraction pattern. The length of these streaks provides a measure of the structural width of a boundary. For olivine, the structural width of a boundary with a given dislocation spacing is three to four times smaller than that in metals where the boundary width is approximately equal to the spacing between dislocations in the boundary.