cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of an implanted abdominal aortic counterpulsation device with the intraaortic balloon pump in a heart failure model

The abdominal aortic counterpulsation device is a round pumping chamber with a valveless opening which is implanted retroperitoneally on the abdominal aorta. The Utah driver is connected to the device through an air conduit and is synchronized on the electrocardiographic signal to provide diastolic aortic augmentation. For comparison an intraaortic balloon was also driven by the Utah driver system. The abdominal aortic counterpulsation device (stroke volume = 30, 40 and 60 ml) and the intraaortic balloon pump (balloon volume = 20 ml) were tested in dogs with acute left ventricular failure. The abdominal aortic counterpulsation device was also tested in normal animals. In acute left ventricular failure the abdominal aortic counterpulsation device at a stroke volume of 30, 40 or 60 ml decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure by an average of 28.56 (p The abdominal aortic counterpulsation device resulted in a salutary change in these variables of 1.14 to 2.55, 1.57 to 3.59 and 1.37 to 3.47 times greater than that produced by the intraaortic balloon pump for the three stroke volumes. The superiority of the abdominal aortic counterpulsation device to the intraaortic balloon pump and the simplicity of its implantation, replacement and removal make it a promising device for interim and primary management of intractable heart failure.
Transberingian dispersal of cestodes in mammals

During Pleistocene glaciations, eustatic lowering of sea-level exposed the continental shelf between northeastern Eurasia and northwestern North America. That land in combination with unglaciated areas on the adjacent continents formed a vast region open to the west but bounded on the east by continental ice. Organisms from Eurasia spread into the unglaciated Beringian refugium, which was biotically an eastward extension of the Palaearctic. With rising sea-levels following glacial periods, the Bering Strait was formed and organisms of Eurasian origin were left within the nearctic sector of Beringia. As the continental ice disappeared, plants and animals spread eastward and southward from Beringia, while organisms from beyond the southern margins of the ice extended their ranges northward. The significance of Beringia is discussed with reference to the dispersal of host-specific cestodes in mammals that attained holarctic status during the late Pleistocene.
Stalk Rot of Sugar Beet Caused by Fusarium solani on the Pacific Coast.

In 2006, symptoms of stalk blight (2) were observed on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants from roots produced in Oregon that were being grown for seed production in a greenhouse in Salinas, CA using Salinas Valley soil. Symptoms included vascular and cortical browning, necrosis, and death of seed stalks. Isolations were made from the edge of stalk lesions and the crown. In addition to Fusarium oxysporum, the known cause of stalk blight (2), two isolates of F. solani were identified by morphology. For pathogenicity tests, sugar beet plants (FC606 [4]), grown in pasteurized potting mix and induced to flower by exposure at 4 to 7°C for 90 days (1) were used. Bolting plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 24 to 27°C. A 100-μl drop of a spore suspension (104 spores per ml) of each Fusarium isolate was placed on the surface of the seed stalk. The plant was stabbed through the drop with a sterile 18-gauge needle so that the drop was taken into the plant by hygroscopic pressure. Positive and negative control...
Low-Temperature Thermal Expansion of Copper

A rotating single-crystal back-reflection x-ray diffraction technique has been used to measure the thermal expansivity of copper. Values of the linear thermal expansion coefficient are derived at low temperature where disagreement exists in the literature. A possible decrease in the Gr\"uneisen parameter $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ for copper exists near 40\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The decrease reported in the present work is much less marked than previously reported from capacitor dilatometer work, however. It is suggested that large apparent decreases in $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ at low temperature reported from similar measurements on Al, Fe, Ag, and KBr may be in error.
Immigration, ethnicity, and the loss of white students from California public schools, 1990–2000

This article investigates whether and the extent to which “white flight” from Hispanic and Limited English Proficient (LEP) students has been occurring in California’s public schools and further, examines the level (school or district) on which “white flight” may operate. Using school-level administrative data from the California Department of Education from 1990 to 2000, we estimate exponential growth rate models of white enrollment with school-level fixed effects. The results shed light on the implications of immigration for school segregation in the United States. The analysis indicates that white enrollment declined in response to increases in the number of Spanish-speaking LEP and Hispanic students, and that “white flight” from LEP or Hispanic students occurred more at the district than the school level in the case of primary schools, and at the school level for secondary schools. In addition, schools with higher percentages of Spanish LEP students in the school than the district, and with higher percentages in the district relative to the county, experienced greater losses in white enrollments than other schools, thus suggesting that higher levels of segregation in the wider metropolitan area accelerate white flight.
Characterization of the Hematopoietic Transcription Factor NF-E2 in Primary Murine Megakaryocytes

Biochemical analysis of megakaryocytes, the precursors of blood platelets, is limited by their rarity in vivo, and studies on lineage-specific gene expression have been conducted exclusively in cell lines with limited megakaryocytic potential. Mice lacking the transcription factor NF-E2 display arrested megakaryocyte differentiation and profound thrombocytopenia. To study the heterodimeric NF-E2 protein in primary cells, we cultured mouse fetal livers with the c-Mpl ligand, obtained highly enriched megakaryocyte populations, and readily detected NF-E2 activity in nuclear extracts. As in erythroid cells, p45 NF-E2 is the only large subunit in primary megakaryocytes that dimerizes with distinct small Maf proteins to constitute a heterogeneous NF-E2 complex. Whereas p18/MafK is the predominant small Maf protein in erythroid cells, the related polypeptides MafG and/or MafF predominate in megakaryocytes. Although this represents the first example of differential small Maf protein expression among closely related blood lineages, the DNA-binding specificity of NF-E2 is similar in both cell types. Although the megakaryocyte protein preferentially binds an asymmetric AP-1-related motif, it also recognizes cAMP-responsive element-related sequences, albeit with lower affinity, and nucleotides outside the core sequence influence the DNA-protein interaction. These results demonstrate the feasibility of biochemical studies on primary murine megakaryocytes and provide a basis to dissect the critical functions of NF-E2 in megakaryocyte differentiation.
Superconducting tunable‐diaphragm transducer for sensitive acceleration measurements

A very sensitive resonant superconducting accelerometer has been developed as a component of a cryogenic gravitational‐radiation detector. The device consists of a superconducting test mass and superconducting coils carrying a persistent current. The displacement of the test mass modulates the inductances of the coils and generates an ac magnetic field which is detected by a Josephson‐junction magnetometer. The restoring force provided by the magnetic field is used to tune the resonant frequency of the transducer. The expected sensitivity of the system is better than 10−12gE/Hz1/2 (gE=9.8 m/s2) when used to detect accelerations at frequencies lower than 50 Hz. The system has been thoroughly tested and is being used to detect small accelerations of a gravitational‐wave antenna caused by the Brownian motion and other external disturbances. When used as a resonant displacement sensor in a gravitational‐wave detector cooled to 3 mK, this transducer is capable of converting a displacement of 4×10−20 m at 1 kHz...
Function and regulation of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases.

Cullin–RING complexes comprise the largest known class of ubiquitin ligases. Owing to the great diversity of their substrate-receptor subunits, it is possible that there are hundreds of distinct cullin–RING ubiquitin ligases in eukaryotic cells, which establishes these enzymes as key mediators of post-translational protein regulation. In this review, we focus on the composition, regulation and function of cullin–RING ligases, and describe how these enzymes can be characterized by a set of general principles.
Transcriptional Control of the Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Gene by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids1

The effect of exogenous fatty acids on expression of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) gene was assessed both in vivo and ex vivo. Mice fed a fat-free diet or a diet containing a largely monounsaturated (18:1) fat, i.e., olive oil, expressed high levels of hepatic SCD1 mRNA. In contrast, in mice fed diets containing primarily polyunsaturated (18:2 and 18:3) fats, expression of the hepatic SCD1 message was markedly suppressed. Similar experiments with pure fatty acid esters showed that arachidonate (20:4) and linoleate (18:2) were far more potent in down-regulating expression of the hepatic SCD1 message than oleate (18:1), an end-product (as its CoA thioester) of the SCD1-catalyzed reaction. The reduction of hepatic SCD1 mRNA appears to be primarily due to inhibition of SCD1 gene transcription since polyunsaturated fatty acids caused a decrease in run-on transcription of the gene comparable to the decrease in message level. Consistent with the effects observed in vivo, unsaturated fatty acids suppressed the expression of SCD1 mRNA by rat hepatocytes cultured in serum-free medium. Suppression increased with degree of unsaturation with arachidonic (20:4) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5) acids, causing a > or = 90% reduction in the level of SCD1 message. Thus, the SCD1 gene, like the fatty acid synthase and S14 genes, undergoes coordinate transcriptional down-regulation in response to unsaturated fatty acids.
Effect of a high carbohydrate diet on cardiac alpha-1 and beta adrenoceptors

Short-term (2 weeks) administration of a high-fructose diet to euthyroid Sprague-Dawley rats results in a significant (18%) increase of cardiac β-adrenoceptors without any change in their affinities or their distribution between the plasma membrane and a vesicular fraction. A much smaller increase occurs in the number of α1-adrenoceptors (8% higher than in rats fed a regular diet). The high-carbohydrate diet induced a 39% increase in β-adrenoceptor numbers/heart in hypothyroid animals and a 19% increase in the total number of α1-adrenoceptors. These results strongly suggest that changes in cardiac performance after dietary manipulations may be mediated, in part, through enhancement of adrenergic pathways.
Vocal communication in the domestic chicken: II. Is a sender sensitive to the presence and nature of a receiver?

Abstract As a test of the automaticity of the food calling behaviour of cockerels, their sensitivity to the presence and nature of an audience was explored. Males were presented with either a highly preferred food or a non-food item in the presence of a familiar female, a strange female, a male, or with no audience at all. With food as a referent, there was significantly less food calling with no audience than in the presence of females, and even less with a male as a potential receiver. There was a significant amount of calling for the non-food item, especially in the presence of a strange female. Food calling to non-foods in certain social contexts is discussed as a case of deception. The modulation of signal production according to the nature of the receiver is considered in relation to the issue of intentionality in animal communication.
Cryostat technique for central nervous system histofluorescence

This paper offers a technique for obtaining monoamine histofluorescence in the CNS by means of formaldehyde perfusion followed by cryostat sectioning. No freeze-drying is involved. Cryostat sections are exposed to formaldehyde vapor to complete the fluorophore formation. The fluorescence thus obtained is bright, well localized, and does not require loading the animals with precursors. The anatomical distribution of the pathways is identical to that obtained with the classical technique. Furthermore, the fluorescence is reversible by sodium borohydride, and exhibits the expected changes in intensity with pharmacological manipulations. The sections can be exposed to a cold aqueous medium for as long as 15 min with minimal diffusion of fluorophore; this suggests potential for combining monoamine histofluorescence with other visualization techniques.
Studies with mustards. III. In vivo fixation of C14 from nitrogen mustard-C14H3 in nucleic acid fractions of animal tissues.

Abstract Experimental evidence is presented which strongly suggests that C 14 from injected nitrogen mustard-C 14 H 3 is fixed in the nucleic acid fractions of animal tissues chiefly as a result of the combination of the nitrogen mustard with nucleic acid moieties. The specific activity of the RNA purine fraction was consistently higher than that of any other nucleic acid fraction examined.
The weighted euclidean 1-center problem

We present a polynomial algorithm for the weighted 1-center problem (indeed minimization of the ratio of convex quadratic and an affine function over a polyhedral set). In the location problem, the complexity is polynomial in the dimension of the space.
Elective postoperative radiotherapy for locally advanced colorectal cancer. A preliminary report.

Preoperative radiotherapy in colorectal carcinoma invalidates surgical staging and delays performing the surgical resection. Postoperative radiotherapy does neither. From October 1972 to December 1975 40 patients at high risk for local recurrence (B2 and C) received postoperative radiotherapy. Lesions that were located in the rectum rectosigmoid and low sigmoid colon were given 4600 rads in four and a half weeks through an inverted T-shaped field which encompassed the pelvic and paraortic nodes. Patients with tumors located above mid-sigmoid were treated to the entire abdominal cavity by the moving strip technique. Of 19 patients with rectal and rectosigmoid lesions 14 (74%) are alive without evidence of disease. Two had local recurrence in the treated area. Of 21 patients with lesions above the mid-sigmoid four have failed locally, while 11 (52%) are alive without evidence of disease. One of these 40 patients died of radiation enteritis. Although the follow up period is short, the results suggest that a moderate dose of radiation may prevent local recurrence in patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer. Cancer 40:105–108,1977.
Sample/reagent adsorption on alumina versus Pyrex substrates of microfabricated electrochemical sensors

Platinum redox sensors have been microfabricated for potentiometric detection in diffusional microtitration of microliter-size fluid samples. Two different materials, alumina ceramic and Pyrex glass, have been studied for their suitability as sensor substrates. Adsorptions of reagent and/or sample on an alumina ceramic substrate and a Pyrex glass substrate are compared. Using iodimetric redox titration, significant adsorption of both reagent and sample occurs on alumina ceramic substrates. This causes contamination and cross-contamination of samples, leading to highly irreproducible results. Reproducibility with a 1.6% coefficient of variation has been achieved using a platinum redox sensor deposited on a Pyrex substrate for the analysis of 20 μL sample microdroplets. Due to the large surface area relative to the small sample volume, surface processes can have a significant effect on the analysis of microsamples. Therefore, precautions must be taken to minimize problems arising from air interference and sensor/sample, sensor/reagent and reagent/sample interfaces.
Practical approach to solid-phase synthesis of C-terminal peptide amides under mild conditions based on a photolysable anchoring linkage

Several 3-nitro-4-(N-protected aminomethyl)benzoic acids; with protection provided by tert.-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc), trifluoroacetyl (Tfa), dithiasuccinoyl (Dts), or phthaloyl (Phth), have been prepared by reproducible routes. Synthesis of Dts-handle 6 illustrates some particularly novel and efficient chemistry, and is preferred over more intricate routes to Boc-handle 3 and Fmoc-handle 4. The five handles were each evaluated for their application to the synthesis of peptide amides. Coupling onto amino-functionalized supports provided a general starting point for peptide chain assembly. The handle amino function was deblocked (Boc, Fmoc, Dts), the C-terminal residue was coupled as its N alpha-protected free acid, and ultimately the ortho-nitrobenzylamide anchorage linkage was cleaved photolytically to give the corresponding amide. Starting with handles 3, 4, and 6, several free and protected peptide amides were synthesized.
Inertio-Gravity Waves in the Atmosphere of Neptune

Abstract A refined analysis of Voyager 2 radio occultation data has revealed distinct, quasi-periodic temperature variations in the troposphere and stratosphere of Neptune. Temperature oscillations with amplitudes of 0.1-1 K and vertical wavelengths of 1-10 km are present at latitudes 61°N (ingress) and 45°S (egress). We used techniques of spectral analysis to identify the predominant periodicities of the data and applied digital filters to isolate signal perturbations within selected wavelength passbands. Basic results include detailed vertical profiles of the temperature perturbations associated with these atmospheric waves. The data also provide a weak constraint on the horizontal structure—the horizontal wavelength probably exceeds the vertical wavelength by at least an order of magnitude. We confined our interpretation to two waves in the stratosphere whose vertical structure was characterized over 9 and 15 cycles of oscillation, respectively, spanning 2 to 3 pressure scale heights. In both cases, the observations are consistent with the characteristics of inertio-gravity waves, but cannot be reconciled with a Rossby-wave interpretation. We applied standard theory to model the wave behavior and to estimate the wave contributions to the eddy mixing and momentum budget of the middle atmosphere. The exponential growth of wave amplitude with height should result in overturning, or wave breaking, at pressures less than about 0.5 mbars for one wave and about 3 mbars for the other. The process of wave dissipation, though poorly understood, may be a significant source of "eddy mixing" on Neptune, with wave-generated eddy diffusivities as large as 50 m 2 sec -1 . The wave forcing of the mean flow that accompanies dissipation could alter the zonal winds by as much as about 9 m sec -1 per planet rotation.
Self-consistent mathematical morphological filter for removing cirrus noise from far-infrared astronomical images

The presence of diffuse far-infrared emission from the interstellar dust which has the form of the so-called 'Galactic-cirrus' has made the detection and flux determination of faint extragalactic sources difficult, especially near the Galactic plane. This effect is most serious at long infrared wavelengths around (lambda) 100 micrometers , and is especially obvious in sky survey images made with the infrared astronomical satellite (IRAS) at those wavelengths. We describe the development of a filter designed to remove the cirrus emission from the IRAS images using classification and morphological operations. The technique, based upon 'sieving', involves extracting the size information of the objects to form a growth cube, and then classifying the growth information with the K-means method. This allows the cirrus emission to be distinguished from other forms of emission in the images. The growth characteristic of the cirrus is then used to remove the cirrus components from the growth for each pixel for each field making extragalactic infrared emission more observable. This filtering process was applied to various fields detected by IRAS and the cirrus noise filtered successfully.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mutations in microphthalmia, the mouse homolog of the human deafness gene MITF, affect neuroepithelial and neural crest-derived melanocytes differently

The mouse microphthalmia (Mitf) gene encodes a basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper transcription factor whose mutations are associated with abnormalities in neuroepithelial and neural crest-derived melanocytes. In wild type embryos, Mitf expression in neuropithelium and neural crest precedes that of the melanoblast marker Dct, is then co-expressed with Dct, and gradually fades away except in cells in hair follicles. In embryos with severe Mitf mutations, neural crest-derived Mitf-expressing cells are rare, lack Dct expression, and soon become undetectable. In contrast, the neuroepithelial-derived Mitf-expressing cells of the retinal pigment layer are retained, express Dct, but not the melanogenic enzyme genes tyrosinase and Tyrp1, and remain unpigmented. The results show that melanocyte development critically depends on functional Mitf and that Mitf mutations affect the neural crest and the neuroepithelium in different ways.
How to Rehabilitate Criminal Offenders

It is asserted that all behavior is primarily derived from cognitions (thinking patterns). If this assertion is accurate, it follows that criminal behavior results from cognitions related to the pl...
Congenital cystadenoma of the tongue in a neonate case report with review of literature

We present a congenital cystadenoma of the tongue in a neonate, which presented at birth. Cystadenomas are uncommon tumors that form from salivary gland duct tissue and are more commonly seen in adults. This is the youngest case to be reported in the English literature. A review of literature with differential diagnosis and management is presented.
Using simulation and rough set learning to detect fault location in distribution network

Fault occurs owning to a variety of reasons in distribution network, such as equipment failure, overloading, tree, vehicle etc. It is very important for utility to detect the fault location as quickly as possible for helping to reduce the outage time. This paper proposed a method for distribution network fault location diagnosis which employs simulation and rough set learning. Based on the topology structure of distribution network and the probability model of equipment failure, the simulation model is firstly built for training the sample data. The rough set theory is applied to establish the rules of the relationship between outage zone and the equipment failure. And the enhanced learning process is used to improve the completeness of rules library. The numerical testing results are also presented to illustrate the method.
The Effects of Aerial Perspective on Altitude Estimation

Recent interest in the importance of visual displays within specified flight simulations and scenarios has led to increased emphasis on the identification of pertinent cues within these displays. Through the identification of these cues and their usage in altitude estimation, more effective simulation and hence training programs can be developed. The present explanatory study investigated the use of a psychophysical methodology in the evaluation of aerial perspective as a possible cue in altitude estimation. Specifically the effects of two levels of aerial perspective (present and reduced) and flight experience on estimations were examined. Based on the linear functions of log estimated vs. log actual altitude, differences were found between levels of flight experience in the aerial perspective-present condition. Subjective responses suggest that individuals are aware of the presence/absence of haze conditions and this information influences their altitude estimations. Language: en
Transfer function mapping for a grid connected PV system using reverse synthesis technique

Mathematical modeling of power electronic converters is a historical problem. Numerous efforts have been documented in literature to model different converter topologies and their control schemes since the 1940s. Traditional modeling approaches avoid transfer function derivation due to high degree of nonlinearity involved with the power converter's switched operation. In this paper, a simple transfer functions for a grid connected PV system is derived. First an ideal transfer function is derived from the steady state input and output relationship of ideal converters. Then, it is compared with the non-ideal model of a practical converter. Using this technique, it is possible to find generalized modules to represent a complex power converter, and it is possible to deduce new converter topologies using the reverse mapping.
The emerging self: Psychoanalytic concepts of self development and their implications for dance therapy

The birth of the human infant, which is quite miraculous in itself, is just the beginning of yet another wonder, the psychological birth of the child from a physiologically dependent infant to a unique and separate person. This paper is devoted to discussing some psychoanalytic concepts of early development and their implications for theory and practice in dance therapy. The first part of the paper discusses the sequential progression of stages of development as demarcated by Mahler and others as a theoretical basis for dance therapy. The second portion of the paper examines spatial organization and its relationship to these developmental stages.
Bleomycins: towards better therapeutics

Bleomycins are a family of glycopeptide antibiotics that have potent antitumour activity against a range of lymphomas, head and neck cancers and germ-cell tumours. The therapeutic efficacy of the bleomycins is limited by development of lung fibrosis. The cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the bleomycins are thought to be related to their ability to mediate both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA damage, which requires the presence of specific cofactors (a transition metal, oxygen and a one-electron reductant). Progress in understanding the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic efficacy of the bleomycins and the unwanted toxicity and elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of the bleomycins sets the stage for developing a more potent, less toxic therapeutic agent.
Intraoperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone position

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) occasionally is necessary in the operating-room setting. In such instances, it may be difficult to perform CPR if the patient is in the prone position. Although the supine position is optimal for CPR, it may not be feasible because of the risks of damage to craniospinal structures. The authors present the case of a 12-year-old boy who had cardiac arrest during spinal fusion. Successful CPR was performed with the patient in the prone position, with the use of "reversed precordial compressions," and the patient was resuscitated despite 7 minutes of asystole. Effective cardiac output was maintained and was confirmed by systolic blood pressure readings of 80 to 90 mm Hg on both the arterial catheter waveform and the noninvasive blood pressure cuff, by a waveform and the reading on the pulse oximeter, and by the presence of end-tidal carbon dioxide.
Kinetics of hydrogen reduction of titanium-doped molybdenum dioxide

Ti-doped MoO2 was synthesized to broaden the oxygen-to-carbon ratio operating range of MoO2 for partial oxidation of long-chain hydrocarbons by increasing the redox stability. The structure modification causes the hydrogen reduction mechanism to change from three-dimensional nuclei growth with an activation energy of 61.3 kJ mol−1 to a three-dimensional hydrogen diffusion limited model with an activation energy of 317.9 kJ mol−1. Because of the enhanced redox stability, Ti-doped MoO2 has potential as an alternative anode in direct liquid-fed solid oxide fuel cells.
Information processing of remotely sensed agricultural data

Systems utilizing sensors on aerospace platforms for the purpose of surveying earth resources have been under study recently. In this paper research on the information processing portion of such a system for agricultural resources is described. In particular the application of pattern recognition techniques to muItispectral data is proposed and example results are presented. Good classification accuracy on crop species identification of some 40 000 samples in a five square mile area was achieved in one example. Other examples show results in feature selection and nonparametric classifier algorithms.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiopulmonary failure in pediatric patients: is a second course justified?

Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is accepted therapy for cardiorespiratory failure. Even after a successful ECMO course, patient deterioration may occur and a second course of ECMO may be contemplated. Although data regarding second ECMO courses exist in neonates, there are no reports describing second ECMO courses in pediatric patients. We hypothesized that data from a national ECMO registry would be useful in identifying which pediatric patients would be optimal candidates for a second course of ECMO. Methods We obtained data from the national Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry from 1981 to 2007 on all patients 1–18 years old who required single-run ECMO (SRE) or multiple-run ECMO (MRE). Primary outcome measures were complications and survival. Continuous variables were assessed for distribution normality by using a Shaprio–Wilk statistic to guide nonparametric testing. SRE and MRE patients were compared by using χ 2 tests (Fisher's exact and McNemar's) to assess differences in categorical variables; continuous data were assessed by using Mann–Whitney U or Wilcoxon signed-rank testing. Two multivariate regression models were constructed to identify independent predictors of survival and complications in MRE patients. Statistical significance was assumed at P Results A total of 3937 pediatric patients received ECMO for cardiac or respiratory failure. Of them, 3810 (96.8%) children underwent a single course of ECMO, whereas 127 (3.2%) required multiple ECMO runs. Compared with SRE patients, the first ECMO course in MRE patients was notable for higher rates of cardiac ECMO (61% versus 44%, P versus 78%, P = 0.04), and central cannulation (28% versus 17%, P = 0.007). There was no survival difference between MRE and SRE patients (44% versus 49%, P = 0.28). Median time between MRE courses was 9.0 days (interquartile range = 5–20 days). The mean number of complications per MRE patient was higher in the second ECMO run compared with the first (3.93 versus 3.12, P = 0.008). Multivariate regression identified 2 variables as independent predictors of survival in MRE patients: (1) renal complications during first ECMO run ( P = 0.04); and (2) total number of complications during second ECMO run ( P = 0.005). A separate multivariate analysis identified 3 variables independently predictive of complications in MRE patients: (1) age ( P P P Conclusions ECMO therapy achieves 49% survival in children 1–18 years of age. When a second ECMO course becomes necessary, survival rates comparable to the first ECMO course are possible. Patients developing renal complications during their first ECMO course have worse outcome with a second ECMO course. Patients are at greater risk for complications during a second ECMO course if they experience a high number of first-run complications, are >3 years old, or undergo a prolonged second ECMO course. These data are useful when deciding whether to offer a second ECMO course to an eligible pediatric patient.
The nontriviality of certain Zl-extensions

Abstract Let k be a J-field, K the basic Zl-extension of k, and A0, A the l-class groups of k, K respectively. It is known that if A01−J is nontrivial, then A 1 J is infinite. It is shown that this result is still true if the classes represented by the primes lying over l are factored out from both groups. This is applied to k = Q((−m) 1 2 ) and A0 = (0) for information on the invariants λ and μ. There are such k for which λ ≥ 2.
Dispersive tsunami waves in the ocean: Model equations and sensitivity to dispersion and Coriolis effects

Abstract We derive fully nonlinear, weakly dispersive model equations for propagation of surface gravity waves in a shallow, homogeneous ocean of variable depth on the surface of a rotating sphere. A numerical model is developed for the weakly nonlinear version of the model based on a combined finite-volume and finite-difference method with a fourth-order MUSCL-TVD scheme in space and a third-order SSP Runge–Kutta scheme in time. In the context of tsunami generation and propagation over trans-oceanic distances, a scaling analysis reveals that the importance of frequency dispersion increases with a decrease of the source width, while the effect of the Coriolis force increases with an increase of the source width. A sensitivity analysis to dispersive and Coriolis effects is carried out using the numerical model in a series of numerical experiments in an idealized ocean using Gaussian and di-polar sources with different source sizes. A simulation of the Tohoku 2011 tsunami is used to illustrate the effects of dispersive and Coriolis effects at large distances from the source region.
A conceptual hypothesis for the relation of differing tectonic terranes to plutonic emplacement

Great batholiths such as those formed in western North America during the past 200 m.y. resulted from major additions of sialic rock to the crust and consequent volumetric and areal expansion of the sialic crust. Such crustal growth begins with the emplacement of rock of basaltic composition at the base of the crust. From this underplating, differentiated magmas rise as diapirs into the upper crust. Some of this material escapes upward into the zone of brittle deformation and forms shallow plutons and volcanic ejecta, but the greater portion comes to rest at depths of 5 to 15 km as essentially conformable plutons. The volumetric additions caused by the emplacement of great volumes of rock within these depth limits are made possible by lateral compression and transport of the pre-existing upper crustal rocks. To accommodate lateral compressive transport at intermediate depths, supra-crustal rocks undergo lateral extension by block faulting, and deep crustal rocks extend by lateral flow. Zones of extension, lateral compression, and so-called load flattening—where they exist within belts of batholith emplacement—have probably formed simultaneously one above the other.
Examining Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy as a Treatment for Adopted and Foster Children: A Review of Research and Theory

Dyadic developmental psychotherapy (DDP) is a mental health intervention intended primarily for children with problematic attachment histories. It has received increased attention in the United Kin...
Arab Americans: migration, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.

This article examines the status of Arab Americans in the United States in light of their migration history and selected demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Using the Ancestry question to define this group and data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census and other secondary sources the findings indicate that Arab Americans although a recent group share similar migratory forces with other emigrant groups. However they are above the national average in terms of socioeconomic status. (EXCERPT)
Temporal and Spatial Lensing with an Intense Single-Cycle Terahertz Pulse

We demonstrate that an intense subpicosecond single-cycle terahertz pulse in an electro-optic medium can act as a temporal and spatial lens to phase modulate and focus a co-propagating ultrashort laser pulse.
Innovation strategies under uncertain economic and political circumstances: Argentinean ICT SMEs

The purpose of this paper is to determine how innovation happens in countries that experience risks and uncertainty. We analyzed the Argentinean telecom sector with a focus on small and medium-size enterprises. The research relies on interviews with companies offering information and communication services in diverse regions of the country. Departing from Porter's identification of strategies, we find that economic and political uncertainties lead to significant differences in strategies. We were able to identify strategies that prevail under suboptimal regulatory conditions. These are: 1) survival; 2) slow modernization; 3) infrastructure capitalization; and 4) diversification and customization. We recommend that in order to channel the creativity and innovation capabilities of these entities, governments could help produce a less uncertain and risky environment if they had a more predictable regulatory environment.
Poland's Wild West. Forced migration and cultural appropriation of the Oder region in 1945–1948

What happens to a region when its population is replaced? Does it change completely when inhabited by different people or does it retain some continuity with the past? How do newcomers, after such ...
Electronic Journal Forum: Reflections on Wrapping Paper: Random Thoughts on AACR2 and Electronic Serials

The author discusses typical characteristics of electronic serials that cause difficulties when catalogers use the 2002 revision of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, second edition (AACR2). Foremost among these are the lack of descriptive metadata associated with the first issue and the fact that electronic serials have aspects of both integrating and successive issuance.
Oxidation kinetics of guanine in DNA molecules adsorbed onto indium tin oxide electrodes.

Oligonucleotides containing the guanine nucleobase were adsorbed onto ITO electrodes from mixtures of DMF and acetate buffer. Chronocoulometry and chronoamperometry were performed on the modified electrodes in both phosphate buffer and buffer containing low concentrations of the inorganic complex Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy = 2,2‘ bipyridine), which catalyzes guanine oxidation. The charge and current evolution with and without the catalyst were compared to the charge and current evolution for electrodes that were treated with identical oligonucleotides that were substituted at every guanine with the electrochemically inert nucleobase hypoxanthine. Chronocoulometry over 2.5 s shows that roughly 2 electrons per guanine were transferred to the electrode in both the presence and absence of Ru(bpy)32+, although at a slower rate for the uncatalyzed process. Chronoamperograms measured over 250 ms can be fit to a double exponential decay, with the intensity of the fast component roughly 6−20 times greater than that of the sl...
METHODS FOR ANALYZING THE ATTAINMENT OF GRADUATE SCHOOL MILESTONES: A CASE STUDY

Using a data base compiled by the Graduate School of Northwestern University, a longitudinal study of the graduate school careers of students in fourteen programs was conducted. Among the most prominent findings was the increase in the enrollment of foreign students. The patterns of attainment of graduate school milestones, such as Ph.D. candidacy and graduation, were examined for each graduate program and for gender and ethnic groups. There was substantial variation across programs and, to a lesser degree, across demographic groups. Graduation rates for foreign students were higher than those for U.S. citizens. The association between the attainment of milestones and measures of academic potential, such as undergraduate grade-point average (UGPA) and Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores was also investigated. The likelihood of attaining candidacy or of completing a doctorate was found to bear little relation to UGPA and GRE scores. This finding is probably a result of the use of UGPA and GRE in the selection of students into graduate programs.
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Techniques as Surrogate Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease

Recent advances in understanding the molecular biology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) offer the promise of useful therapeutic intervention in the foreseeable future. Hence, improved methods for early diagnosis and noninvasive surrogates of disease severity in AD have become more imperative. Various quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) techniques that measure the anatomic, biochemical, microstructural, functional, and blood-flow changes are being evaluated as possible surrogate measures of disease progression. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies indicate that MR-based volume measurements are potential surrogates of disease progression in AD, starting from the preclinical stages. The validity of MR-based volumetry as a surrogate marker for therapeutic efficacy in AD remains to be tested in a positive disease-modifying drug trial. Recent development of amyloid imaging tracers for positron emission tomography has been a major breakthrough in the field of imaging markers for AD. Efforts to image plaques are also underway in MR imaging. As with indirect MR measures, these approaches of directly imaging the pathological substrate will need to undergo a validation process with longitudinal studies to prove their usefulness as surrogate markers in AD.
Using Multimodal Cues to Analyze MLA'14 Oral Presentation Quality Corpus: Presentation Delivery and Slides Quality

The ability of making presentation slides and delivering them effectively to convey information to the audience is a task of increasing importance, particularly in the pursuit of both academic and professional career success. We envision that multimodal sensing and machine learning techniques can be employed to evaluate, and potentially help to improve the quality of the content and delivery of public presentations. To this end, we report a study using the Oral Presentation Quality Corpus provided by the 2014 Multimodal Learning Analytics (MLA) Grand Challenge. A set of multimodal features were extracted from slides, speech, posture and hand gestures, as well as head poses. We also examined the dimensionality of the human scores, which could be concisely represented by two Principal Component (PC) scores, comp1 for delivery skills and comp2 for slides quality. Several machine learning experiments were performed to predict the two PC scores using multimodal features. Our experiments suggest that multimodal cues can predict human scores on presentation tasks, and a scoring model comprising both verbal and visual features can outperform that using just a single modality.
Two-Dimensional Plume in Uniform Ground-Water Flow

A simple analytical model of a two-dimensional plume of ground-water pollution has been developed and applied to the study of hexavalent chromium contamination of Long Island, New York. The model is based on a depth-averaged mass transport equation accounting for convection, dispersion, linear equilibrium adsorption, and decay, and is applicable to the study of pollution migration from point sources in shallow ground-water aquifers. The pollutant concentration description is based on an asymptotic solution to Hantush's well function for a leaky aquifer, and is accurate in the far field downstream of the source. The model results are easily visualized and evaluated when plotted as contour lines of equal concentration using a simple graphical procedure, making it convenient to examine the development of the plume over time and to evaluate the sensitivity of the plume to parameters.
Effects of training approaches on motivation to use and comprehension of computer software

Information systems managers have identified training as an important management area because of the ever increasing availability of software for use by those who are not information systems professionals. Previous research in this domain indicates the need for improved software training, but has not rigorously assessed the outcomes of different approaches to training. The research questions are as follows: How do different approaches to training managers to use a computer software language to develop and maintain their own decision-making models affect the outcomes of training? Do individual differences among these managers interact with the approach they receive?
Understanding Sediments—Reducing Tsunami Risk

As illustrated on 11 March 2011, tsunamis can cause heavy casualties and hardship and bring about substantial economic loss and environmental change ( 1 , 2 ). Yet, every tsunami provides new information about the processes that govern inundation characteristics. The primary means for inferring the frequency and magnitude of past, unobserved tsunamis comes from the sediments that they leave behind ( 3 , 4 ). These deposits can also yield data on tsunami characteristics such as water height, inundation distance, and number of waves—information that is pivotal to forecasting the magnitude of future events.
Effect of Antithrombotic Therapy on Risk of Sudden Coronary Death in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure

Abstract Data from epidemiologic, autopsy, Holter monitoring, and electrophysiologic studies support the hypothesis that acute myocardial ischemia, even in the absence of myocardial infarction, is a critical component of the pathophysiology of sudden coronary death. Acute myocardial ischemia superimposed upon ventricles damaged from previous infarctions has been demonstrated to enhance the generation of lethal ventricular arrhythmias. This is a retrospective analysis of 6,797 participants in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction prevention and treatment trials. Both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards modeling were used to study the association of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy with the risk for sudden cardiac death. The following covariates were adjusted for in the analysis: age, ejection fraction, gender, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, a history of angina, prior infarction, prior revascularization, and the regular use of beta blockers, diuretics, digoxin, antiarrhythmic agents, or enalapril. The overall incidence of sudden cardiac death per 100 patient-years of follow-up was 2.24%. In multivariate analysis, antiplatelet and anticoagulant monotherapy each remained independently associated with a reduction in the risk of sudden cardiac death: antiplatelet therapy with a 24% reduction (relative risk [RR] 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.95) and antiplatelet monotherapy with a 32% reduction (RR 0.68; 95% CI 0.48–0.96). Thus, in patients with moderate to severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction resulting from coronary artery disease, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy are each associated with a reduction in the risk of sudden cardiac death. This is a retrospective database analysis of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) prevention and treatment trials. We examined the association of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy with the risk for sudden cardiac death. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, both antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy were each associated with a significant reduction in the risk for sudden cardiac death.