cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal trends and primary contributors to the low-frequency soundscape of the Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary.

Passive acoustic monitoring of ocean soundscapes can provide information on ecosystem status for those tasked with protecting marine resources. In 2015, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) established a long-term, continuous, low-frequency (10 Hz–2 kHz) passive acoustic monitoring site in the Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary (CBNMS), located offshore of the central United States of America (U.S.) west coast, near San Francisco, CA. The California Current flows southward along the coast in this area, supporting a diverse community of marine animals, including several baleen whale species. Acoustic data analysis revealed that both large vessels and vocalizing baleen whales contribute to the ambient soundscape of the CBNMS. Sound levels fluctuated by month with the highest levels in the fall and lowest levels in the summer. Throughout the year, very low-frequency (10–100 Hz) sound levels were most variable. Vessels and whales overlap in their contributions to ambient sound levels within this range, although vessel contributions were more omnipresent, while seasonal peaks were associated with vocalizing whales. This characterization of low-frequency ambient sound levels in the CBNMS establishes initial baselines for an important component of this site's underwater soundscape. Standardized monitoring of soundscapes directly supports NOAA's ability to evaluate and report on conditions within national marine sanctuaries.
Diffusion of kinesin motors on cargo can enhance intracellular transport

Abstract Cellular cargos, including lipid droplets and mitochondria, are transported along microtubules using molecular motors such as kinesins. Our current understanding arises from experimental and computational studies of cargos with rigidly attached motors, in contrast to many biological cargos that have lipid surfaces that may allow surface mobility of motors. We develop a coupled-viscosity mechanochemical 3D computational model to compare different motor arrangements and mobilities. We find that surface mobility can resolve contradictions between recent reports that cargo attachment and transport initiation in vivo occur on 1-10s timescales, and expected slower behavior based on cargo rotation timescales of 102-103s at cytoplasmic viscosities. Further, we show that organizational changes can optimize for different objectives: Cargos with clustered motors are transported efficiently, but are slow to bind to microtubules, whereas those with motors dispersed rigidly on their surface bind microtubules quickly, but are transported inefficiently. Finally, cargos with freely-diffusing motors have both fast binding and efficient transport, although less efficient than clustered motors. These results suggest that experimentally observed changes in motor organization may be a control point for transport, modulated either by adaptor proteins or changes in lipid composition. Significance statement Many subcellular structures have fluid surfaces, meaning the molecules on their surface have the ability to rearrange, both randomly and under force. Transport of these subcellular cargos, which is driven by molecular motors, facilitates many fundamental biological processes, including cellular metabolism and pathways implicated in neuronal health. In this work, computational simulation is used to show how the fluidity of their surfaces results in new biophysical phenomena, including the ability to efficiently initiate transport. Since many previous experiments and simulations use rigid cargo, our work introduces a new paradigm for control points by which subcellular processes can be regulated.
Transnational Citizen Cooperation as Nonviolent Action

The past decade has seen a dramatic upsurge in international people-to- people peacemaking projects initiated by ordinary U.S. citizens. This so- called “citizen diplomacy” has been particularly active in making contact with the people of Nicaragua and the USSR — countries defined by the U.S. Administration as enemies. Through the creation of sister city pairings, joint humanitarian and peace projects, student and teacher exchanges, space bridges, grassroots cultural and scientific cooperation, and socially responsible tourism, U.S. citizens have reached out across armed borders in attempts to increase mutual understanding, confront social injustices, and promote peace.
DNA polymerase III protein, HolC, helps resolve replication/transcription conflicts.

In Escherichia coli, DNA replication is catalyzed by an assembly of proteins, the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. This complex includes the polymerase and proofreading subunits, the processivity clamp and clamp loader complex. The holC gene encodes an accessory protein (known as χ) to the core clamp loader complex and is the only protein of the holoenzyme that binds to single-strand DNA binding protein, SSB. HolC is not essential for viability although mutants show growth impairment, genetic instability and sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. In this study we isolate spontaneous suppressor mutants in a holC∆ strain and identify these by whole genome sequencing. Some suppressors are alleles of RNA polymerase, suggesting that transcription is problematic for holC mutant strains, and of sspA, stringent starvation protein. Using a conditional holC plasmid, we examine factors affecting transcription elongation and termination for synergistic or suppressive effects on holC mutant phenotypes. Alleles of RpoA (α), RpoB (β) and RpoC (β’) RNA polymerase holoenzyme can partially suppress loss of HolC. In contrast, mutations in transcription factors DksA and NusA enhanced the inviability of holC mutants. HolC mutants showed enhanced sensitivity to bicyclomycin, a specific inhibitor of Rho-dependent termination. Bicyclomycin also reverses suppression of holC by rpoA, rpoC and sspA. An inversion of the highly expressed rrnA operon exacerbates the growth defects of holC mutants. We propose that transcription complexes block replication in holC mutants and Rho-dependent transcriptional termination and DksA function are particularly important to sustain viability and chromosome integrity.
iPLA2-VIA is required for healthy aging in neurons, muscle, and female germline in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Neurodegenerative disease (ND) is a growing health burden worldwide, but its causes and treatments remain elusive. Although most cases of ND are sporadic, rare familial cases have been attributed to single genes, which can be investigated in animal models. We have generated a new mutation in the calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) VIA gene CG6718, the Drosophila melanogaster ortholog of human PLA2G6/PARK14, mutations in which cause a suite of NDs collectively called PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN). Our mutants display age-related loss of climbing ability, a symptom of neurodegeneration in flies. Although phospholipase activity commonly is presumed to underlie iPLA2-VIA function, locomotor decline in our mutants is rescued by a transgene carrying a serine-to-alanine mutation in the catalytic residue, suggesting that important functional aspects are independent of phospholipase activity. Additionally, we find that iPLA2-VIA knockdown in either muscle or neurons phenocopies locomotor decline with age, demonstrating its necessity in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. Furthermore, RNA in situ hybridization shows high endogenous iPLA2-VIA mRNA expression in adult germ cells, and transgenic HA-tagged iPLA2-VIA colocalizes with mitochondria there. Mutant males are fertile with normal spermatogenesis, while fertility is reduced in mutant females. Mutant female germ cells display age-related mitochondrial aggregation, loss of mitochondrial potential, and elevated cell death. These results suggest that iPLA2-VIA is important for germline mitochondrial integrity in Drosophila, which may be relevant for understanding how PLAN develops.
Dark monopoles and SL(2, ℤ) duality

We explore kinetic mixing between two Abelian gauge theories that have both electric and magnetic charges. When one of the photons becomes massive, novel effects arise in the low-energy effective theory, including the failure of Dirac charge quantization as particles from one sector obtain parametrically small couplings to the photon of the other. We maintain a manifest SL(2, ℤ) duality throughout our analysis, which is the diagonal subgroup of the dualities of the two un-mixed gauge theories.
A Metric Learning Approach for Personalized Meal Macronutrient Estimation from Postprandial Glucose Response Signals

Managing diabetes requires following a healthy lifestyle, including monitoring dietary intake. Prior work has shown that meals with different macronutrient composition can have distinct postprandial glucose responses (PPGR), therefore suggesting that PPGRs may be used to monitor diet automatically. Yet, PPGRs shown large variability across individuals. This paper proposes a metric-learning approach to achieve personalized meal macronutrient estimation from PPGRs. The metric learning approach utilizes a Siamese neural network (SNN) architecture, which learns a PPGR embedding via a contrastive loss function adapted to the task of interest. Specifically, the proposed contrastive loss is designed so that it maximizes the distance between meals of similar macronutrient composition and minimizes the distance between meals with different macronutrients. This loss is further computed within each individual, therefore reducing individual differences in PPGRs. Our results show that the proposed metric learning approach outperforms a feedforward neural network when estimating the amount of protein, carbohydrate, and fat in a meal. These suggest the feasibility of using PPGRs to track meal macronutrient composition, supporting dietary informatics applications for precision health and nutrition.
Psychological Functioning Among Latino Victims of Teen Dating Violence: The Role of Relational and Collective Resources.

This study examined whether the relationship between teen dating violence (DV) and psychological functioning (depression, anxiety, and hostility) varied as a function of relational and collective r...
Quantum transport calculation of resonant-tunneling response time

The progress of semiconductor fabrication technology, particularly the hetero-epitaxial technology, has permitted the fabrication of devices whose behavior is dominated by quantum-interference effects. The most widely studied example of a quantum size-effect device is the resonant tunneling diode (RTD) [1,2]. This device exhibits interesting properties in the form of a negative-resistance region of its characteristic curve, and there are indications that its response time might be very short [2]. In the present work the RTD was taken as a prototype quantum device for the development of techniques for the analysis of such devices.
Implementation of data mining techniques in construction estimating

Constructions cost estimating databases are utilized for definition of contract price and evaluation of construction progress and claims. They are known for standardized data format and procedures, involving pre-defined coding system, pointing to ready-made database items and printing of standard reports, such as: bills of quantities.Abundance in data does not always result in optimal estimate and improvements to the estimating technology are often sought. Improvements should not dramatically change the basic cost model, widely accepted in practice, arranged in a convenient manner per type of work, and incorporated into various contract documents.The most effective improvements were identified and proposed in two major areas: estimating procedure and cost modeling. Estimating procedure was enhanced to include different data mining techniques, including interactive visualization, research/comparison of historical costs, and simultaneous usage of several cost models derived from basic data. Cost data model was further extended to incorporate fuzzy logic and "flexible queries", as to simulate experts reasoning and provide automated and "intelligent" professional advice to the user.Proposed improvements were implemented using combination of standard relational database language and object-oriented programming and then tested on a large construction project. Results matched experts' opinion and "intelligent database" proved to be useful tool in estimating practice.
Automated problem list generation from electronic medical records in IBM watson

Identifying a patient's important medical problems requires broad and deep medical expertise, as well as significant time to gather all the relevant facts from the patient's medical record and assess the clinical importance of the facts in reaching the final conclusion. A patient's medical problem list is by far the most critical information that a physician uses in treatment and care of a patient. In spite of its critical role, its curation, manual or automated, has been an unmet need in clinical practice. We developed a machine learning technique in IBM Watson to automatically generate a patient's medical problem list. The machine learning model uses lexical and medical features extracted from a patient's record using NLP techniques. We show that the automated method achieves 70% recall and 67% precision based on the gold standard that medical experts created on a set of de-identified patient records from a major hospital system in the US. To the best of our knowledge this is the first successful machine learning/NLP method of extracting an open-ended patient's medical problems from an Electronic Medical Record (EMR). This paper also contributes a methodology for assessing accuracy of a medical problem list generation technique.
The Publishing of Real Estate Articles Within a Finance Department

A unique data set of 311 professors is employed to examine the relative research productivity between real estate and finance faculty. The results suggest that, on average, real estate faculty within a finance department publish more real estate and finance publications than do their finance colleagues. The results also indicate that publications in top real estate journals increase annual salary by approximately $800. Collected over a twenty-year period, this increment in salary would increase the professor's wealth by more than $10,600. Finally, there is some evidence that real estate faculty are paid less than finance faculty, ceteris paribus, although the results are not statistically significant.
Mind your heart.

In this issue, Diez Roux and colleagues examined the relationship between psychological factors (depressive symptoms, anxiety, anger, and chronic burden) and coronary artery calcium and found no as...
On the Attempt to Find WISC-R Profiles for Learning and Reading Disabilities (A Response to Vance, Wallbrown, and Blaha)

In this issue we will depart from the typical Programs, Materials, and Techniques column format to include a response by Miller to two recent articles submitted by Vance, Wallbrown, and Blaha that describe the use of WISC-R scoring patterns in planning remediation strategies for learning disabled students. Miller's rebuttal claims that many of the conclusions and interpretations are unjustified. Vance, Wallbrown, and Blaha's rejoinder and a final reply by Miller are offered. Augmenting this theme with new information, Stevenson describes the value of a functional analysis of WISC-R performance in the assessment and remediation of the learning disabled child. Finally, Scull and Brand compare the performance of severely learning disabled children on the Wide Range Achievement Test and the Peabody Individual Achievement Test.
G-protein signaling: back to the future

Heterotrimeric G-proteins are intracellular partners of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs act on inactive Gα·GDP/Gβγ heterotrimers to promote GDP release and GTP binding, resulting in liberation of Gα from Gβγ. Gα·GTP and Gβγ target effectors including adenylyl cyclases, phospholipases and ion channels. Signaling is terminated by intrinsic GTPase activity of Gα and heterotrimer reformation — a cycle accelerated by ‘regulators of G-protein signaling’ (RGS proteins). Recent studies have identified several unconventional G-protein signaling pathways that diverge from this standard model. Whereas phospholipase C (PLC) β is activated by Gαq and Gβγ, novel PLC isoforms are regulated by both heterotrimeric and Ras-superfamily G-proteins. An Arabidopsis protein has been discovered containing both GPCR and RGS domains within the same protein. Most surprisingly, a receptor-independent Gα nucleotide cycle that regulates cell division has been delineated in both Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we revisit classical heterotrimeric G-protein signaling and explore these new, non-canonical G-protein signaling pathways.
Taking the Prerogative out of the Presidency: An Originalist Perspective

Claims for the inherent authority of the executive over issues of national security imply that the adopters of the Constitution relied on prior British definitions equating executive power and royal prerogative. These claims cannot survive the scrutiny of key sources, including Locke's treatment of the federative power in his Second Treatise, the Federal Convention's debates over the presidency, and the famous 1793 exchange between Hamilton and Madison over the nature and sources of presidential power. When Hamilton relied on the Vesting Clause to stake his claim, he was engaging in interpretive innovado, not providing a historically faithful account of how the presidency had been contrived.
The diuretic response to administered water in patients with primary myxedema.

ABSTRACT The diuretic response to administered water was studied in 8 patients with typical, untreated primary myxedema. The maximal rate of urine flow was definitely reduced below the normal range (minimum, approximately 8 ml. per minute) in 2 of the 8 patients. In each of 5 patients re-studied following treatment with desiccated thyroid, including 3 whose pre-treatment peak flow of urine was greater than 8 ml. per minute, there was an increase in maximal diuretic response. The urine during periods of maximal flow after treatment was more dilute than before treatment in 4 of these patients. The rate of total solute or sodium excretion did not bear a consistent relationship to increased urine flow. Endogenous creatinine clearance increased significantly after treatment in all 5 patients. The modest limitation in water diuresis observed in primary myxedema may be attributed to a reduction in glomerular filtration rate. That the diuretic response to water is a useful test to differentiate primary myxedema f...
Bribery, consent and prima facie duty: A rejoinder to Carson

Responding to my paper “Bribery” Tom Carson argues that bribe takers violate promisory obligations in a wider range of cases than I acknowledge and insists that bribe taking is prima facie wrong in all contexts. I argue that he is wrong on both counts.
Reduction of forecast error for global numerical weather prediction by The Florida State University (FSU) Superensemble

The skill of the FSU Superensemble technique as applied to global numerical weather prediction is evaluated extensively in this paper. The global mass and motion fields for year 2000 and precipitation over the domain 55 S to 55 N for year 2001, as predicted by the Superensemble, the ensemble member models, and the mean of the ensemble members, are evaluated by standard statistical measures of skill to determine the performance of the Superensemble in relation to the other models. The member models are global forecast models from 5 of the world’s operational forecast centers in addition to the FSU global spectral model. For precipitation 5 additional versions of the FSU global model are utilized in the ensemble, as defined by different initial conditions provided by various physical initialization algorithms. Statistical parameters calculated for the mass and motion fields include root mean square (RMS) error, systematic error (or bias), and anomaly correlation. These are applied to the mean sea level pressure, 500 hPa heights, and the wind fields at 850 hPa and 200 hPa. Statistical parameters that were calculated for precipitation include RMS error, correlation, equitable threat score (ETS), and a special definition of bias appropriate for the precipitation field. For the mass and motion fields the performance of the Superensemble was considered for the annual global case, as well as for each hemisphere (north and south) and for each of the four seasons. For precipitation only the annual case was considered over the domain cited above.
Black-box search by elimination of fitness functions

In black-box optimization an algorithm must solve one of many possible functions, though the precise instance is unknown. In practice, it is reasonable to assume that an algorithm designer has some basic knowledge of the problem class in order to choose appropriate methods. In traditional approaches, one focuses on how to select samples and direct search to minimize the number of function evaluations to find an optima.As an alternative view, we consider search processes as determining which function in the problem class is the unknown target function by using samples to eliminate candidate functions from the set. We focus on the efficiency of this elimination process and construct an idealized method for optimal elimination of fitness functions. From this, we place our technique in context by relating performances of our idealized method to common search heuristics (e.g., (1+1) EA), and showing how our ideas relate to No Free Lunch theory. In our discussion, we address some of the practicalities of our method.Though in its early stages, we believe that there is utility in search methods based on ideas from our elimination of functions method, and that our viewpoint provides promise and new insight about black-box optimization.
Fluorescence properties of 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthol in aqueous alcohol solvents with and without β-cyclodextrin

Abstract The fluorescence properties of 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthol were obtained in binary aqueous—alcohol solvents with and without β-cyclodextrin. The fluorescence of both the molecular and anionic forms of 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol were observed in the binary solvents without β-cyclodextrin. Only the fluorescence of the molecular form of 2-naphthol appeared in the binary solvents with β-cyclodextrin present, and its fluorescence was quenched with increasing amounts of β-cyclodextrin. However, the fluorescence intensity of the molecular form of 1-naphthol increased with an increasing amount of β-cyclodextrin in the binary solvents. The fluorescence intensity of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthol decreased with an increase in the amount of β-cyclodextrin. The fluorescence results were interpreted with the Stern-Volmer equation and a modified Stern-Volmer equation.
The Case: diabetic nephropathy in a nondiabetic smoker?

A 58-year-old Caucasian man experienced leg swelling and weight gain, lasting for 3 weeks. Proteinuria on urinalysis prompted nephrology referral. He had an 18-year history of hypertension and proteinuria, with a 24-h urine protein level of 2.85 g noted 8 years ago. Medical history included hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and myocardial infarction. His medications included metoprolol, amlodipine, olmesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, rosuvastatin, and aspirin. He smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for more than 20 years. Physical examination was notable for a weight of 102 kg, body mass index of 36 kg/m2, blood pressure of 140/60 mm Hg, and bilateral pedal edema.
Two algorithms for the three-dimensional reconstruction of tomograms.

Three‐dimensional (3‐D) surface reconstructions provide a method to view complex anatomy contained in a set of computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), or single photon emission computed tomography tomograms. Existing methods of 3‐D display generate images based on the distance from an imaginary observation point to a patch on the surface and on the surface normal of the patch. We believe that the normalized gradient of the original values in the CT or MRI tomograms provides a better estimate for the surface normal and hence results in higher quality 3‐D images. Then two algorithms that generate 3‐D surface models are presented. The new methods use polygon and point primitives to interface with computer‐aided design equipment. Finally, several 3‐D images of both bony and soft tissue show the skull, spine, internal air cavities of the head and abdomen, and the abdominal aorta in detail.
Relationship of Student Grade Expectations, Selected Characteristics, and Academic Performance.

Students (N=415) in three academic areas (education, engineering, and business) estimated their final grade in a course at the beginning, middle, and end of a term and completed the 16PF Questionnaire. Results indicated that the Ss initial grade estimate was most accurate. No differences were found between high (A, B) and low (C, D, F) achieving Ss. Ss with high academic averages underestimated, and Ss with low averages overestimated grades. Overestimating education Ss were less intelligent than underestimators and less assertive and mature than accurate and overestimating Ss. Underestimating business Ss were less mature than overestimators and possessed lower self-sentiment than accurate estimators.
The distribution of delta, delta'-dihydroxylysinonorleucine in bovine tendon and dentin.

The CNBr derived peptides from unreduced and NaB3H4-reduced bovine insoluble tendon and dentin collagens were chromatographed on CM- cellulose. The elution profiles of the unreduced materials indicate that both tendon and dentin consist of [α1(I)]2,α2 type collagen and are homologous. This agrees with previously published results. When the unreduced is compared with the NaB3H4-reduced CNBr peptide elution profile, there is no reduction in the amounts of N-terminal non-helical CNBr peptides. This indicates that the N-terminal portions of the two insoluble collagens may not contain any in vitro reducible cross-links. The trypsin digested CNBr peptides of the reduced collagens were chromatographed on Sephadex G-50. The peak containing the major portion of radioactive δ,δ'- dihydroxylysinonorleucine was refiltered on Sephadex G-25. Further separation of the δ,δ'-dihydroxylysino-norleucine peptides was obtained using cation-exchange chromatography. The δ,δ'-dihydroxylysinonorleucine appeared in 3 peaks that we...
Super-modularity: Applications to convex games and to the greedy algorithm for LP☆

Abstract L. S. Shapley ( Internat. J. Game Theory 1 (1971) , 11–26) showed that if a game is convex, then all the marginal worth vectors are members of the core. J. Edmonds ( in “Combinatorial Structures and Their Applications” ( R. Guy et al. , Eds.), pp. 69–87, Gordon & Breach, New York, 1970 ) considered a class of linear programming problems for which the greedy algorithm works. The present paper unifies these studies, and establishes the converse of each theorem.
Breast Cancer Detection and Characterization Using 3D Diffuse Optical Tomography

From in vivo three-dimensional diffuse optical tomography, the optical contrast of 30+ biopsy proven breast lesions were characterized according to mass type and correlation with demographic factors.
Beyond color appearance

This investigation is built upon our previous experiments on the experiential effect of color combinations. Within this study, we found that the systematic adjustment of color combinations can affect the magnitude of expressive response from individuals. We postulate that within each isobar of magnitude--low, medium, and high--there are distinct qualities of expression evoked, varying from stressful to harmonic. We designed an experimental procedure to measure responses by specifying various kinds of hue-to-hue alignment and controlling the variation of value and chroma contrast. Our experimental procedure and results are discussed in this paper.
Flavor Superconductivity and Superfluidity

In these lecture notes we derive a generic holographic string theory realization of a p-wave superconductor/superfluid. For this purpose we also review basic D-brane physics, gauge/gravity methods at finite temperature, key concepts of superconductivity and recent progress in distinct realizations of holographic superconductors and superfluids. The gravity dual is a D3/D7-brane construction yielding a superconducting or superfluid vector-condensate. The corresponding gauge theory is 3 + 1-dimensional \({\mathcal{N}}=2\) supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with \(SU(N_c)\) color and \(SU(2)\) flavor symmetry. It shows a second order phase transition to a phase in which a \(U(1)\) subgroup of the \(SU(2)\) symmetry is spontaneously broken and typical superconductivity signatures emerge. For example an infinite dc conductivity, a conductivity (pseudo-)gap and the Meissner-Ochsenfeld effect are found. Condensates of this nature are comparable to those recently found experimentally in p-wave superconductors such as a ruthenate compound. A string picture of the pairing mechanism and condensation is given using the exact knowledge of the corresponding field theory degrees of freedom.
DNA vaccines against chronic lung infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Vaccines containing outer membrane protein F (OprF) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are effective in reducing lesion severity in a mouse pulmonary chronic infection model. One OprF-based vaccine, called F/I, contains carboxy oprF sequences fused to oprI in an expression vector. When delivered three times biolistically by gene gun, the F/I vaccine induces protection that is antibody-mediated in outbred mice. To demonstrate the role of F/I-induced antibody-mediated immunity, B-cell-deficient [B(−)] and B-cell-intact [B(+)] mice were immunized with F/I, challenged with Pseudomonas, and examined for lesion severity. As expected, F/I-immunized B(+) mice had fewer and less severe lesions than vector-immunized B(+) mice. However, surprisingly, F/I- and vector-immunized B(−) mice were equally protected to levels similar to F/I-immunized B(+) mice. Examination of immune cell populations and cytokine levels indicated a relative increase in the quantity of CD3+ T-lymphocytes in vector- or F/I-immunized and challenged B(−) mice compared to B(+) mice. These data indicate the protective role played by cell-mediated immunity in B(−) mice, which supports our hypothesis that cell-mediated immunity can play an important role in protection against P. aeruginosa.
Mass diffusion coefficients of polymer films using real‐time holographic interferometry

The mass diffusion coefficient is obtained using real-time holographic interferometry. The stresses induced during desorption and absorption of moisture are monitored as a function of time at various relative humidities. A mathematical relationship is applied to relate these stresses to the moisture diffusion through the thickness of the films. The advantage of the holographic interferometry technique is that both the swelling stress as a function of time and the mass diffusion coefficient can be quantified simultaneously during the same experiment. Several films and coatings were investigated: polyimides (PMDA–ODA and BPDA–PAA), photographic gelatin, and cellulose acetate. Each exhibited characteristic Fickian diffusion behavior. A gravimetric technique was employed to validate the holographic interferometry results. The moisture diffusion coefficients determined by holographic interferometry agreed well with reported literature values. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Access to Catch-Up HPV Vaccination among Latina University Students

HPV is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. The HPV vaccine protects against four HPV strains that cause 90 percent of anogenital warts and 70 percent of cervical cancers. The study's primary objective was to examine access to and knowledge of the HPV vaccine among Latina university students in Denver, Colorado. Between August 2007 and May 2008, 15 Latina university students and four key informants were interviewed. Critical medical anthropology frames the results of this qualitative exploratory study. Barriers at the macro-social, intermediate-social, micro-social, and individual levels hamper access to the HPV vaccine. Factors that affected access include: financial cost, the United States employer-based health insurance model, policies of health care facilities and educational institutions, relationships between participants and their health care providers, and individual knowledge and beliefs. Recommendations to increase access to the HPV vaccine are drawn from...
Effects of acute and repeated inhalation of dimethyl sulfoxide in rats

Abstract Primary dermal and ocular irritant tests on New Zealand albino rabbits with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) showed a low order of toxicity. The oral LD50 of DMSO in Sprague-Dawley rats was found to be 14.5 g/kg with 95% confidence limits of 13.4 to 15.7 g/kg, and the intravenous LD50 in Swiss mice was found to be 3.1 g/kg with 95% confidence limits of 2.7 to 3.5 g/kg. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to DMSO at concentrations of approximately 2900 mg/m 3 for 24 hours, 2000 mg/m 3 for 40 hours, or 1600 mg/m 3 for 4 hours. Others were exposed to 200 mg/m 3 7 hours a day, 5 days a week for a total of 30 exposures. No significant alterations were noted in hemoglobin concentrations, microhematocrit, total leukocyte counts, reticulocyte counts, serum glutamic-pyruvic and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activities, liver alkaline phosphatase activity, or liver lactate concentrations. The concentration of serum urea nitrogen was slightly elevated in rats exposed to approximately 2900 mg/m 3 for 24 hours but was within normal limits in all other animals. Histopathologic edematous changes were noted in lungs of some of the animals used in the acute exposures which were not seen in controls. Hemorrhage and pneumocyte infiltrations were seen in the lungs of both experimental and control rats.
Malonic Acid Biosynthesis in Bush Bean Roots. II. Purification and Properties of Enzyme Catalyzing Oxidative Decarboxylation of Oxaloacetate.

In the preceding paper (4) evidence was presented that a soluble enzyme preparation from bush bean roots was capable of forming malonate from oxaloacetate (OAA). Carbons 3 and 4 of OAA were equally incorporated into malonate, suggesting that OAA undergoes an a-decarboxylation. In the presence of the crude enzyme preparation, Mn+2 appeared to be the only supplemental cofactor required for malonate formation. The experiments reported in the present paper describe the partial purification and characterization of the enzyme(s) catalyzing the conversion of OAA to malonate.
Three-dimensional magnetic ordering of K2FeF5· H2O:Mössbauer spectroscopy investigation in the helium-3 temperature range

Abstract Mossbauer spectroscopy investigations were performed on the quasi-one-dimensional complex K2FeF5·H2O between 0.3 and 4.2 K. The results indicate three-dimensional order below 1 K in agreement with recent susceptibility data. The saturation hyperfme field is about 520 kOe, typical of an ionic ferric compound. Measurements were performed in different magnetic fields in both the ordered and para-magnetic states. They support the antiferromagnetic character of the magnetic order, confirming a low field spin-flop transition (Hsf≈ 1 T) and suggest that the b -axis is the hard magnetic direction.
Convective instability in sedimentation: 3‐D numerical study

To provide a probable explanation on the field observed rapid sedimentation process near river mouths, we investigate the convective sedimentation in stably stratified saltwater using 3-D numerical simulations. Guided by the linear stability analysis, this study focuses on the nonlinear interactions of several mechanisms, which lead to various sediment finger patterns, and the effective settling velocity for sediment ranging from clay (single-particle settling velocity V0 = 0.0036 and 0.0144 mm/s, or particle diameter d = 2 and 4 μm) to silt (V0 = 0.36 mm/s, or d = 20 μm). For very fine sediment with V0 = 0.0036 mm/s, the convective instability is dominated by double diffusion, characterized by millimeter-scale fingers. Gravitational settling slightly increases the growth rate; however, it has notable effect on the downward development of vertical mixing shortly after the sediment interface migrates below the salt interface. For sediment with V0 = 0.0144 mm/s, Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities become dominant before double-diffusive modes grow sufficiently large. Centimeter-scale and highly asymmetric sediment fingers are obtained due to nonlinear interactions between different modes. For sediment with V0 = 0.36 mm/s, Rayleigh-Taylor mechanism dominates and the resulting centimeter-scale sediment fingers show a plume-like structure. The flow pattern is similar to that without ambient salt stratification. Rapid sedimentation with effective settling velocity on the order of 1 cm/s is likely driven by convective sedimentation for sediment with V0 greater than 0.1 mm/s at concentration greater than 10–20 g/L.
Coping styles and response to high versus low-structure individual counseling for substance abuse.

We compared outcomes during and after treatment for mixed substance dependent patients (N = 143) randomly assigned to a high-structure, behaviorally-oriented (HSB) or a low-structure, facilitative (LSF) individual counseling style. We hypothesized that patients with different coping characteristics would respond differently to the two styles of counseling. Patients were treated in once-weekly individual HSB or LSF counseling for up to 12 weeks. Outcome measures included patient and counselor ratings of benefit, retention, symptom reduction, and negative urines; follow-up assessments included control of substance use and psychosocial adjustment. While no differences in outcomes during or after treatment were found for the HSB and LSF patients, both groups did improve equally. Contrary to our hypothesis, our coping measures did not predict different outcomes for patients treated in the LSF and HSB styles. Post-hoc analyses, however, revealed that outcomes could be predicted in each style from patterns of pretreatment characteristics, which included measures of coping strategies, psychological characteristics, and treatment readiness. Moreover, the patterns associated with positive outcomes were different for the HSB and LSF patients: high treatment readiness was most important for success in HSB counseling, while low psychiatric severity and positive coping styles were important for the LSF clients. The finding of no HSB-LSF outcome differences calls into question the exclusive emphasis on behavioral treatment approaches by the present-day managed care industry. Also, the traditional approach to matching studies, ie, employing one patient characteristic at a time to predict differential outcomes for particular treatments, may be simplistic. An alternative approach employing multivariate statistical procedures to predict outcomes from several patient characteristics may hold more promise.
Diet-dependent gene expression in honey bees: honey vs. sucrose or high fructose corn syrup

Severe declines in honey bee populations have made it imperative to understand key factors impacting honey bee health. Of major concern is nutrition, as malnutrition in honey bees is associated with immune system impairment and increased pesticide susceptibility. Beekeepers often feed high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or sucrose after harvesting honey or during periods of nectar dearth. We report that, relative to honey, chronic feeding of either of these two alternative carbohydrate sources elicited hundreds of differences in gene expression in the fat body, a peripheral nutrient-sensing tissue analogous to vertebrate liver and adipose tissues. These expression differences included genes involved in protein metabolism and oxidation-reduction, including some involved in tyrosine and phenylalanine metabolism. Differences between HFCS and sucrose diets were much more subtle and included a few genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Our results suggest that bees receive nutritional components from honey that are not provided by alternative food sources widely used in apiculture.
Morphology transitions in a mean-field model of diffusion-limited growth.

We study a recently proposed mean-field theory relevant for diffusion-limited growth at finite undercooling. This theory exhibits a morphology transition from convex patterns, typical of the dense-branching morphology envelope, to concave ones, typical of the dendritic morphology envelope. This transition occurs as the undercooling is lowered at fixed anisotropy, but does not involve any discontinuous behavior of growth velocity.
Trisomy 5 and trisomy 7 are nonrandom aberrations in pigmented villonodular synovitis: confirmation of trisomy 7 in uncultured cells

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a proliferative lesion of disputed genesis. Recently, we reported trisomy 7 in short-term cultures of 1 PVNS. In the present report, we describe another specimen of PVNS in which 9 of 26 (35 percent) metaphase cells demonstrated trisomy 7 when analyzed after 3-15 days of tissue culture. In situ hybridization analysis, with a biotinylated probe to chromosome 7 alpha-satellite DNA, revealed trisomy 7 in 53 of 200 uncultured cells from this PVNS sample. Our findings indicate that trisomy 7 is a nonrandom aberration that arises in vivo in PVNS.
Studies into the selective accumulation of multiply charged protein ions in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer

Abstract In seeking to improve the limit of detection of an electrospray ionization/quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (ESI/ITMS) for the analysis of multiply charged protein ions, studies related to the selective accumulation of these ions during ion injection have been undertaken. This was achieved by the interfacing of an Odyssey data system and the associated electronics used for arbitrary waveform generation from a Fourier transform mass spectrometer (FTMS) (ThermoFinnigan, Bremen, Germany) to an LCQ™ ‘classic’ quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (ThermoFinnigan, San Jose, CA). This allows the application of user defined stored waveform inverse Fourier transform (SWIFT) waveforms. These studies examined the efficiency of ejection and isolation at different qz values for a particular charge state from the distribution of ions usually observed with the electrospray ionization of proteins, and the variation in the intensity of a particular ion as a function of the accumulation time. In addition, this selective accumulation technique allowed for an order of magnitude improvement in the detection limit of this instrument, with the resulting reduction in space charge producing a five-fold increase in spectral resolution (FWHM) under the conditions studied.
Investigating the Impacts of Intraregional Trade and Aid on Per Capita Income in Africa: Case Study of the ECOWAS

In the past 50 years, a striking stylized fact has been the downward—or flat—trend of intra-African trade as a share of Africa’s total trade, while official development assistance (ODA) has experienced a noticeable expansion. During the same period, economic growth performances have not been consistent and robust enough to put a dent in the poverty level across the African continent in general and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in particular. Using a two-stage least square (TSLS) estimation technique, this paper finds out that intra-ECOWAS trade stimulates per capita income growth substantially more than foreign aid, which rather constitutes an impediment to that growth in most specifications. Additionally, comparable results are obtained when the scope of the study is expanded to include trade of ECOWAS members with the rest of the world. As a result, it becomes appropriate to suggest policy recommendations encouraging increased cooperation among member states in an attempt to (i) expand and build new cross-states infrastructures, aimed at boosting communications and telecommunications networks, (ii) accelerate the trade facilitation process by addressing administrative red tapes that balloon both transaction costs and delays in the flows of goods across borders, seaports, and airports, and (iii) develop and diversify the industrial base in member states.
Decrease in [3H]-serotonin binding in rat brain produced by the repeated administration of either monoamine oxidase inhibitors or centrally acting serotonin agonists.

Abstract The effect of repeated administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors or serotonin agonists on [ 3 H]-serotonin binding and serotonin concentrations in rat cerebral cortex was examined. Five days of clorgyline administration, which alone caused a significant reduction in [ 3 H]-serotonin binding, was unable to do this in animals pretreated with drugs that deplete brain serotonin. Pretreatment of rats with alpha-methyl- para tyrosine did not block the clorgyline-induced reduction in [ 3 H]-serotonin binding. Repeated treatment of rats with nialamide also lowered [ 3 H]-serotonin binding and the return of binding sites to control values was correlated temporally with the return of the serotonin concentration to control values. Repeated administration to rats of the serotonin agonists, quipazine or TFMPP, produced a decrease in [ 3 H]-serotonin binding. Both the clorgyline and serotonin agonist-induced reduction in [ 3 H]-serotonin binding were due to a significant reduction in the maximum specific binding capacity with no change in the apparent binding constant. The data presented here are consistent with the hypothesis that MAO inhibitors reduce [ 3 H]-serotonin binding indirectly, by increasing over time the exposure of serotonin receptors to the indolealkylamine.
Insider-Outsiders: Integration and Exclusion Experiences of Religious Nonadherent Faculty Members

Over the past several decades, research on faculty work life has shed new light on inclusion and exclusion experiences of traditionally underrepresented groups, including racial and ethnic minorities, and contingent employment faculty. This study expands on this prior research by investigating a unique segment of faculty members: those whose marginal status is conferred upon them because they are not part of their employing institution's dominant religio-cultural tradition or affiliation. These insider-outsider faculty members are often unaware of the implications of this new status, which is added to the common challenges of socialization and integration. Through the narrative accounts of participants, this study identifies categories of inclusion and exclusion, highlights practices that welcome and alienate such faculty members, and explores the organizational and interpersonal implications of this complex element of faculty identity.
Gauge invariance in the process $e^+e^-\rightarrow \bar \nu_e e^-W^+ \rightarrow\bar\nu_e e^-u\bar d$

The process e + e ! ee W + ! ee u d is considered as an example of the problems associated with maintaining gauge invariance in matrix elements involving unstable particles. It is shown how to construct a matrix element that correctly treats width eects for the intermediate unstable W boson and that is both SU(2)L and U(1)e:m: gauge-invariant. SU(2)L gauge-invariance is maintained by Laurent expansion in kinematic invariants and U(1)e:m: gauge-invariance is enforced by means of projection operator under which the exact matrix element is invariant.