cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bundling of microtubules by motor and tail domains of a kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein from Arabidopsis: regulation by Ca2+/calmodulin.

Abstract Kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein (KCBP), a novel kinesin-like protein from plants, is unique among kinesins and kinesin-like proteins in having a calmodulin-binding domain adjacent to its motor domain. KCBP localizes to mitotic microtubule (MT) arrays including the preprophase band, the spindle apparatus, and the phragmoplast, suggesting a role for KCBP in establishing these MT arrays by bundling MTs. To determine if KCBP bundles MTs, we expressed C-terminal motor and N-terminal tail domains of KCBP, and used the purified proteins in MT bundling assays. The 1.5 C protein with the motor and calmodulin-binding domains induced MT bundling. The 1.5 C-induced bundles were dissociated in the presence of Ca 2+ /calmodulin. Similar results were obtained with a 1.4 C protein, which lacks much of the coiled-coil region present in 1.5 C protein and does not form dimers. The N-terminal tail of KCBP, which contains an ATP-independent MT binding site, is also capable of bundling MTs. These results, together with the KCBP localization data, suggest the involvement of KCBP in establishing mitotic MT arrays during different stages of cell division and that Ca 2+ /calmodulin regulates the formation of these MT arrays.
Brain dopamine and obesity.

Summary Background The cerebral mechanisms underlying the behaviours that lead to pathological overeating and obesity are poorly understood. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter that modulates rewarding properties of food, is likely to be involved. To test the hypothesis that obese individuals have abnormalities in brain dopamine activity we measured the availability of dopamine D 2 receptors in brain. Methods Brain dopamine D 2 receptor availability was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) and [C-11]raclopride (a radioligand for the dopamine D 2 receptor). Bmax/Kd (ratio of the distribution volumes in striatum to that in cerebellum minus 1) was used as a measure of dopamine D 2 receptor availability. Brain glucose metabolism was also assessed with 2-deoxy-2[ 18 F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG). Findings Striatal dopamine D 2 receptor availability was significantly lower in the ten obese individuals (2·47 [SD 0·36]) than in controls (2·99 [0·41]; p 2 receptors ( r =0·84; p⩾0·002); the individuals with the lowest D 2 values had the largest BMI. By contrast, neither whole brain nor striatal metabolism differed between obese individuals and controls, indicating that striatal reductions in D 2 receptors were not due to a systematic reduction in radiotracer delivery. Interpretation The availability of dopamine D 2 receptor was decreased in obese individuals in proportion to their BMI. Dopamine modulates motivation and reward circuits and hence dopamine deficiency in obese individuals may perpetuate pathological eating as a means to compensate for decreased activation of these circuits. Strategies aimed at improving dopamine function may be beneficial in the treatment of obese individuals.
Phase 1/2 study of everolimus in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.1 After decades of research, 2 randomized trials demonstrated that sorafenib improved survival in patients with advanced HCC and established sorafenib as a standard first-line treatment for advanced HCC.2, 3 Other molecularly targeted agents are under clinical development4; however, most of these agents also target angiogenesis pathways. Therefore, novel agents that inhibit other hepatocarcinogenesis pathways are urgently needed. Increasing evidence supports an important role for the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and potential for inhibiting mTOR as a therapeutic strategy in HCC.5 Aberrant mTOR signaling as reflected by upstream activation through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor is well documented, and mutations in p110alpha (PIK3CA) have been reported in HCC.6 Hepatitis B virus X-proteins activate the PI3K pathway by modulating phosphorylation of Akt.7 The mTOR pathway is involved in production of proangiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); therefore, inhibition of the mTOR pathway may have antiangiogenic activity in HCC.8 Preclinical data have demonstrated that mTOR inhibitors were effective in inhibiting cell growth and tumor vascularity in HCC cell lines and HCC tumor models.8, 9 HCC can be induced in a transgenic hepatocyte-specific phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-deficient mouse model.10 Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p-RPS6) downstream of PI3K/mTOR is present in approximately 50% of HCC cases. Chromosomal gains in the mTOR-associated protein RICTOR and p-RPS6–positive staining correlate with HCC recurrence following surgical resection.11 To evaluate whether inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is safe and effective in patients with advanced HCC, we initiated a phase 1/2 study of everolimus, an oral small-molecule serine-threonine kinase inhibitor of mTOR, in patients with advanced HCC.
Estimation of surface heat and moisture fluxes over a prairie grassland: 4. Impact of satellite remote sensing of slow canopy variables on performance of a hybrid biosphere model

Numerical experiments are conducted using the Ex-BATS model of Crosson and Weng (1993), which is an adaptation the Dickinson (1983, 1984) and Dickinson et al. (1986) biosphere model BATS. The purpose of these experiments is the assessment of the Ex-BATS performance when using remotely sensed data for the estimation of three key canopy variables retrieved from NOAA-AVHRR measurements: the total surface albedo, the leaf area index (LAI), and the nondiurnally varying component of stomatal resistance, r(s). The results of the simulations, which cover the entire FIFE 1987 time period, show that the satellite retrievals of r(s) are only 20 to 30 percent less accurate than the idealized results of the control experiment. The performance of the model which used satellite retrieval of the surface albedo and LAI was essentially equivalent to the hypothetical version.
The use of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as a tracer of septic tank effluent in the Florida Keys

To determine the fate and movement of sewage derived contaminants and their possible interaction with surface waters in the Florida (USA) Keys, two types of experiments were conducted using SF6 as an artificial tracer. The first type of experiment examined fluid flow from septic tanks placed in Miami Oolite on Big Pine Key, where there is a shallow freshwater lens overlying saline groundwaters. Here groundwater transport rates were constrained to be between 0.11 and 1.87 m/h, travelling in an easterly direction. The second type of experiment took place on Key Largo where there is no freshwater aquifer and the matrix of the aquifer is solely the more porous Key Largo limestone. Here we injected the tracer into a shallow well which was screened from 0.6 to 10 m. This allowed us to evaluate groundwater movement in the shallow upper portion of the aquifer, the area to which inputs by septic tanks occur. Groundwater transport rates in the Upper Keys were as great as 3.7 m/h and were controlled by the Atlantic tide. SF 6 laden groundwater plumes moved back and forth due to tidal pumping and reached nearby surface waters within 8 h. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Embedding Ceramic Thick-Film Capacitors into Printed Wiring Boards

Embedding passives into printed wiring boards have numerous advantages that show up in different segments of the market. For example, the ability to locate decoupling capacitors within a couple hundred microns of semiconductor I/Os greatly improves response time and signal integrity leading to product performance improvements. One crucial need, however, is high capacitance density. High capacitance density can only be readily achieved by ceramic technology. Therefore, the focus of this work has been the development of ceramic thick-film capacitor technology that can be used to bury high capacitance density components within an organic substrate. This allows high value decoupling capacitors to be buried for chip packaging or related applications in spaces available within any layer of the substrate. The dielectric paste is based on doped barium titanate composition and works together with a cofired copper electrode paste. The capacitor system is designed to be screen printed on copper foil in the locations desired in the circuit and fired in nitrogen at 900°C to form the ceramic components. Following this, the foil is laminated, component face down, to the organic laminate using standard prepreg and the inner layer etched to reveal the components in an organic matrix. The system has a dielectric constant of approximately 3000 and achieves a capacitance density of ~1.5 nF/mm2. In the following sections, issues that we encountered when making embedded capacitors with this first generation system are presented.
All the Little Pieces : Regulation of Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission by Ubiquitin and Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier and Their Potential Relevance in the Heart

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo a constant cycle of division and fusion to maintain their function. The process of mitochondrial fusion has the effect of mixing their content, allowing complementation of protein components, mtDNA repair, and distribution of metabolic intermediates. Fission, on the other hand, enables mitochondria to increase in number and capacity, and to segregate mitochondria for autophagy by the lysosome ("mitophagy"). Disruption of these protein quality control mechanisms has recently been identified in multiple cardiac diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, and ischemic heart disease, and is intimately tied to mitochondrial control of apoptosis. Proteins that regulate mitochondrial fusion and fission have been discovered, including Mfn1, Mfn2, and Opa1 (fusion) and Drp1 and Fis1 (fission). In this review, we discuss how these proteins are regulated by post-translational modification with ubiquitin and SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier). We then present what is known about the ubiquitin and SUMO ligases that regulate these post-translational modifications and regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission, exploring their potential as therapeutic targets of cardiac disease.
Fast Thermal Simulation of FinFET Circuits Based on a Multiblock Reduced-Order Model

A methodology for fast and accurate thermal simulation of integrated circuits (ICs) is presented based on a multiblock reduced order modeling approach. The model projects the heat equation from a physical domain onto a functional space to represent the thermal solution using a small number of degrees of freedom (DOFs). The approach requires no assumptions about the physical geometry, dimensions, boundary conditions or heat flow pathways, as is usually needed for compact or lumped thermal models. The developed multiblock thermal model is applied to FinFET device/circuit structures including a three-block circuit structure consisting of several NAND gates. The model is verified on multiblock structures against a detailed numerical simulation (DNS). It is shown that the developed multiblock model gives accurate thermal solutions for a multiblock IC structure subjected to power pulse excitations whose pulse frequency, width, shape, and shift in time substantially deviate from those used in model construction. In general, the approach offers accurate thermal solutions as detailed as a DNS with a reduction in the numerical DOF by 5 to 6 orders of magnitude.
A clustering routing protocol for grid-based WSNs

To prolong wireless sensor networks lifetime,a clustering routing protocol for grid-based wireless sensor networks is proposed.Whole network is divided into some virtual grids and sensor nodes in each grid form a cluster respectively,unique cluster head election method is used to elect cluster head.In order to save network energy,cluster members can adjust cluster size according to local information.Simulation results show the proposed routing protocol effectively balances the energy consumption for sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks and significantly prolongs wireless sensor networks lifetime.
Complete second-order displacement field of Euler-Bernoulli beam element

From the geometric deformation viewpoint,the complete second-order displacement field of Euler-Bernoulli beam element is deduced using the interpolation theory.In this regard,the transverse first-order displacement field is established using the cubic Hermite interpolation function,whereas the axial displacement field is constructed via the first-order Lagrange interpolation function.Furthermore,the additional displacement derived from the rotation of elemental cross-sections is contained in the transverse and longitudinal displacement fields.Based on this understanding,the bespoke displacement fields are expressed as the quadratic function of nodal displacement.Therefore,this approach can be applied for the nonlinear static and dynamic analyses on beam systems.
Mechanical loading regulates expression of talin and its mRNA, which are concentrated at myotendinous junctions

The hypothesis that mechanical loading regulates talin expression in developing and adult muscle was tested using in vitro and in vivo models. Talin was selected for study because it is a key struc...
Cyber–Physical Codesign at the Functional Level for Multidomain Automotive Systems

Software-integrated multidomain automotive systems, which is also referred to as automotive cyber–physical systems (CPS) consist of various interacting domains (software, hardware, multiphysics, communication, etc.). Design decisions in one domain may completely change the constraints and requirements in the other domains, e.g., adding more functions in a modern automotive CPS may require changes to thousands of lines of software code or even the mechanical architecture. Existing CPS design methodologies are siloed in a specific domain and therefore have limited design space exploration capabilities because only one domain can be tested at a time. This paper presents a functional-level cyber–physical codesign methodology starting from the functional model of the CPS capable of concurrently expressing (multi-)physics and control in automotive applications. Moreover, we introduce a high-level synthesis algorithm capable of selecting a set of optimized system architectures using various executable simulation components and cost metrics. We demonstrate our methodology with a realistic automotive use case and explore various design alternatives for implementing the control systems in pure continuous domain (e.g., traditional automotive subsystems without engine control units) or hybrid domain (e.g., brake-by-wire, steer-by-wire, drive-by-wire, etc.) under power, performance, and reliability constraints.
HARVEY BUTCHER: A PASSION FOR ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTATION

This paper covers some aspects of the scientific life of Harvey Butcher who was the Director of the Research School for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Australian National University in Canberra from September 2007 to January 2013. He has made significant contributions to research on the evolution of galaxies, nucleo- synthesis, and on the design and implementation of advanced astronomical instrumentation including LOFAR (Low Frequency Array Radio telescope). He is well known for his discovery of the Butcher-Oemler effect. Before coming to Australia he was the Director of the Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy from September 1991 to January 2007. In 2005 he was awarded a Knighthood in the Order of the Netherlands Lion for contributions to interdisciplinary science, innovation and public outreach. This paper is based on an interview conducted by the author with Harvey Butcher for the National Project on Significant Australian Astronomers sponsored by the National Library of Australia. Except otherwise stated, all quotations used in this paper are from the Butcher interview which has been deposited in the Oral History Archives of the National Library.
Latency measures indicate new place neophobia in Rattus species

Latency to enter an unfamiliar wooden alley from the home cage was recorded on successive daily trials in several populations of domestic rats. All groups showed a decline in latency over days suggesting an initial neophobia. Latencies for individual rats on Trial 1 showed a bimodal distribution in most groups, reflecting mild or intense avoidance of the unfamiliar area. Earlier reports of new place reactions in wild Rattus suggesting an immediate neophilic reaction to a novel area may have overlooked initial hesitations to enter the area because latency measures were not used systematically.
Neurobiology, creativity, and performing artists

Creativity is complex, not a unitary construct. Consequently creativity involves all regions of the brain. In the performing arts, cognition is ultimately embodied in action. Movements, including the production of sound, are organized by intention and directed toward specific goals. They drive social interactions and basic biological needs and are the bedrock of expression in the performing arts. Large neural networks interact during a biphasic process of generating and evaluating the creative experience. Multiple systems influence the training and performance of artists, including the mirror neuron system that constructs much more than a representational model; it constructs a sensorimotor visceral experiential model. Neuroscientific investigation in the performing arts is evolving, especially in the field of neuroaesthetics; however, much more exploration still needs to take place.
Computational Investigation of the Serotonin Transporter Conformation and Reset Mechanism

The aid of monoamine transporter (MAT) proteins in terminating the effect of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft is crucial for the maintenance of proper neurotransmitter concentrations. Termination of effect is achieved via the process of reuptake, where the proteins bind neurotransmitters to a central substrate binding site and transport the substrate to the other side of the membrane through a permeation pathway. The MAT family of proteins includes the serotonin transporter (SERT), which is responsible for the reuptake of serotonin from the synaptic cleft. SERT, as well as the other MAT proteins are implicated in several psychological disorders, including depression, anxiety, and addiction. Treatments for these disorders are focused on the inhibition of the MAT system, especially SERT. These drugs are known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which act by binding to the substrate site of SERT, preventing the reuptake of serotonin. Recent work in our lab has focused on identifying the complete transport mechanism of SERT computationally, employing both a single bilayer and dual bilayer system to investigate this phenomenon. The work presented here represents the data collected from our most recent dual bilayer system. Herein we utilized the newly crystallized human SERT protein (PDB 5I6X), embedded in POPE lipid membranes. The dual bilayer setup allows the system to maintain ion concentrations on either side of the membrane when periodic boundary conditions are implemented. Ions were added to either side of the membrane at physiological concentrations, keeping the membrane potential at around −70mV, representative of resting potential. Understanding more fully the complete transport process, with specific attention paid to the reset mechanism, can aid in drug discovery and design for treatments that better alleviate symptoms of depression and related disorders. Presented here are the molecular dynamics and conformational data from our ongoing simulations of the dual bilayer SERT system.
Cyber-resilient industrial control system with diversified architecture and bus monitoring

This paper focuses on exploitable cyber vulnerabilities in industrial control systems (ICS) and on a new approach of resiliency against them. Even with numerous metrics and methods for intrusion detection and mitigation strategy, a complete detection and deterrence of cyber-attacks for ICS is impossible. Countering the impact and consequence of possible malfunctions caused by such attacks in the safety-critical ICS’s, this paper proposes new controller architecture to fail-operate even under compromised situations. The proposed new ICS is realized with diversification of hardware/software and unidirectional communication in alerting suspicious infiltration to upper-level management. Equipped with control bus monitoring, this operation-basis approach of infiltration detection would become a truly cyber-resilient ICS. The proposed system is tested in a lab hardware experimentation setup and on a cybersecurity test bed, DeterLab, for validation.
Toward a Description of Language Behavior: II. The Listening Action

Four listening functions (ways of listening) are identified and their characteristics examined. These functions are identified as: Statement-Recording, Statement-Directing, Statement-Modification, and Stroking. Conditions, such as the setting, the listener’s history of contact with the speaker, and his history of contact with the referent, as they determine the onset, maintenance, and termination of listening, are tentatively described. Variables associated with the speaker, referent, and listener are described in relation to their effect on the listener’s behavior; and some different ways of measuring listening be-havior are examined.
Nanostructured antireflective in-plane solar harvester

In this work, we demonstrate a two-dimensional nano-hole array that can reduce reflection losses while passively trapping and harvesting incident light. The surface structure is designed to scavenge a small portion of incident light that would typically be lost due to Fresnel reflection, while the majority of light transmits unobstructed like a regular window. The trapping mechanism is dependent on angle and wavelength, and can be designed to selectively trap narrow wavelength bands using the constructed theoretical models. We demonstrate that structures with periods of 275 nm and 325 nm can trap different wavelength range within the visible spectrum, while simultaneously suppressing reflection losses. The trapping effect can be observed visually, and can be converted to a current output using a photovoltaic (PV) cell on the glass edge. The fabrication of such materials employs a simple replication process, and can be readily scaled up for large-scale manufacturing. The demonstrated solar harvester can be potentially be widely deployed in residential and commercial buildings as multifunctional windows for solar energy harvesting, scavenging, spectra splitting, and anti-glare properties.
Development of the Selection System in Northern Hardwood Forests of the Lake States: An 80-Year Silviculture Research Legacy

The northern hardwood research program at the Dukes Experimental Forest in Michigan and Argonne Experimental Forest in Wisconsin has been adapting to changing management and social objectives for more than 80 years. In 1926, the first northern hardwood silviculture study was established in old-growth stands at the Dukes Experimental Forest. In response to social demands for more “natural” forestry, the study included then-contemporary practices (e.g., liquidation of old-growth forest) and new approaches (e.g., partial cuttings). By 1953, the partial cutting treatments were deemed most sustainable (Eyre and Zillgitt, Partial cuttings in northern hardwoods of the Lake States: twenty-year experimental results. Technical Bulletin LS-1076, 1953), and led to the creation of an uneven-aged stand structural guide that is still widely used today: the famed “Arbogast Guide” (Marking guides for northern hardwoods under the selection system. Station Paper 56, 1957). Charismatic figures such as Raphael Zon, Windy Eyre, William Zillgitt, and Carl Arbogast Jr. were important to establishing this research and its early application in the Lake States region. Since then, research at the Dukes and Argonne Experimental Forests has expanded to evaluate a range of management alternatives for northern hardwood forests, including approaches designed to sustain biodiversity, habitat, and timber production. In addition, the long-term studies provide new opportunities for larger-scale applications and research unforeseen at the studies’ establishment. The lessons learned from the 80 years of research on northern hardwood ecosystems at the Dukes and Argonne Experimental Forests have led to numerous publications and management guides and have impacted thousands of forestry professionals and millions of hectares of land.
Effects of Recreational Noise on Threshold and Suprathreshold Measures of Auditory Function

Noise exposure that causes a temporary threshold shift but no permanent threshold shift can cause degeneration of synaptic ribbons and afferent nerve fibers, with a corresponding reduction in wave I amplitude of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in animals. This form of underlying damage, hypothesized to also occur in humans, has been termed synaptopathy, and it has been hypothesized that there will be a hidden hearing loss consisting of functional deficits at suprathreshold stimulus levels. This study assessed whether recreational noise exposure history was associated with smaller ABR wave I amplitude and poorer performance on suprathreshold auditory test measures. Noise exposure histories were collected from 26 men and 34 women with hearing thresholds ≤ 25 dB hearing loss (HL; 250 Hz to 8 kHz), and a variety of functional suprathreshold hearing tests were performed. Wave I amplitudes of click-evoked ABR were obtained at 70, 80, 90, and 99 dB (nHL) and tone-burst evoked ABR were obtained at 90 dB nHL. Speech recognition performance was measured in quiet and in competing noise, using the Words in Noise test, and the NU-6 word list in broadband noise (BBN). In addition, temporal summation to tonal stimuli was assessed in quiet and in competing BBN. To control for the effects of subclinical conventional hearing loss, distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitude, an indirect measure of outer hair cell integrity, was measured. There was no statistically significant relationship between noise exposure history scores and ABR wave I amplitude in either men or women for any of the ABR conditions. ABR wave I amplitude and noise exposure history were not reliably correlated with suprathreshold functional hearing tests. Taken together, this study found no evidence of noise-induced decreases in ABR wave I amplitude or signal processing in noise in a cohort of subjects with a history of recreational noise exposure.
A cluster-randomized trial of a college health center-based alcohol and sexual violence intervention (GIFTSS): Design, rationale, and baseline sample

Abstract Introduction Sexual violence (SV) on college campuses is common, especially alcohol-related SV. This is a 2-arm cluster randomized controlled trial to test a brief intervention to reduce risk for alcohol-related sexual violence (SV) among students receiving care from college health centers (CHCs). Intervention CHC staff are trained to deliver universal SV education to all students seeking care, to facilitate patient and provider comfort in discussing SV and related abusive experiences (including the role of alcohol). Control sites provide participants with information about drinking responsibly. Methods Across 28 participating campuses (12 randomized to intervention and 16 to control), 2292 students seeking care at CHCs complete surveys prior to their appointment (baseline), immediately after (exit), 4 months later (T2) and one year later (T3). The primary outcome is change in recognition of SV and sexual risk. Among those reporting SV exposure at baseline, changes in SV victimization, disclosure, and use of SV services are additional outcomes. Intervention effects will be assessed using generalized linear mixed models that account for clustering of repeated observations both within CHCs and within students. Results Slightly more than half of the participating colleges have undergraduate enrollment of ≥ 3000 students; two-thirds are public and almost half are urban. Among participants there were relatively more Asian (10 v 1%) and Black/African American (13 v 7%) and fewer White (58 v 74%) participants in the intervention compared to control. Conclusions This study will offer the first formal assessment for SV prevention in the CHC setting. Clinical Trials #: NCT02355470
Moisture-Induced Degradation

Composites provide advantages over conventional structural upgrade systems by offering up to 50% first-cost savings and lower life-cycle costs, often with additional benefits such as easier installation and improved safety. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are finding increasing applications as primary structural components in aerospace and automotive applications, bridges, building repair, and the oil and gas pipeline industry. These composites are typically exposed to a variety of aggressive environments, such as extreme temperature cycles, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, moisture, alkaline/salt environments, etc. However, no capability currently exists for reliably projecting the future state and conditions of composites used in various environments. The accurate determination of diffusivity and moisture uptake in a polymer composite is a key step in the accurate prediction of moisture-induced degradation. With this in mind, the chapter is subdivided into three sections: (1) the combined influence of damage and stress on moisture diffusion within the (bulk) polymer matrix in a polymer composite, (2) the combined influence of strain gradient, relative humidity, and temperature on moisture diffusion at the fiber–matrix and/or interlaminar interface, and (3) a simple mechanism-based model to predict strength degradation in a composite due to moisture ingress. The discussions presented in this chapter are primarily directed toward thermoset resins, such as epoxy.
Afterword: Beyond Thresholds—Suggestions for Further Research and Teaching Resources

The afterword discusses the collection’s implications for subsequent research and teaching, addressing trends in the scholarship and what these trends suggest about the future of the field of American women writers. Of particular interest to instructors and students will be Allukian’s discussion of how the essays included in the first section lend themselves to a digital humanities framework, particularly to the subfields of digital archiving and digital pedagogy. Legleitner, in turn, reminds us how many of the issues raised in nineteenth-century American women’s literature remain relevant today. Finally, Allison acknowledges and provides strategies for the unique challenges related to teaching and researching contemporary authors. The afterword encourages readers to cross thresholds in their own writing, study, and teaching in order to, as bell hooks recommends, “encourage and welcome” American women writers.
Bacteria, Phytoplankton, and Water Quality

This chapter will consider the importance of aquatic organisms as agents controlling water quality. Organisms having the greatest influence on water quality are the microscopic algae, called phytoplankton, and bacteria. Phytoplankton produce large amounts of organic matter through photosynthesis and release large quantities of oxygen into water during this process. Bacteria decompose organic matter and cause many transformations of chemical compounds. The respiration of bacteria and the respiration and photosynthesis of phytoplankton have a pronounced effect on pH and concentrations of carbon dioxide and dissolved oxygen in water. Certain bacteria and other microscopic organisms are pathogenic, and some species of algae can impart bad tastes and odors to water. Therefore, aquatic organisms play a central role in water quality.
Abstract 12981: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Regulate 5’ Amp-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Phosphorylation and Decrease Muscle Ring Finger Protein 1 (MuRF1) Expression in Chronic Pressure Overload-induced Cardiac Hypertrophy

We recently reported a transgenic (Tg) mouse model with cardiac-specific overexpression of a dominant-negative (DN) mutant of NADPH oxidase (NOX) subunit p67phox that inhibits NOX-mediated ROS prod...
Plankton Compositions and Trace Element Fluxes from the Surface Ocean

Plankton samples have been carefully collected from a variety of marine environments under the rigorous conditions necessary to prevent contamination for major and trace-chemical analysis. Immediately after collection, the samples were subjected to a series of physical and chemical leaching — decomposition experiments designed to identify the major and trace element composition of particulate carrier phases. Elements examined through some or all of these experiments include: C, N, P, Ca, Si, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Al, Ba and Zn. Emphasis was placed on the identification of trace element/major element ratios in the biogenic materials.
Venereal Disease in Adolescents

Adolescent venereal disease currently is gaining acceptance as a significant topic of concern among public health officials, physicians, and even the public at large. The proper management of the adolescent patient with venereal disease requires consideration of the medical, epidemiologic, and behavioral aspects of venereal disease control.
Single-Phase Motors

At this point, the reader is reminded of the basic reason why electric energy is mostly generated and transmitted in polyphase form: only in this form can the energy be generated and transmitted at a uniform rate. This fact manifests itself in rotating generators and motors by the presence of the rotating magnetic field. In the steady-state operation of polyphase generators and motors, the stator and rotor currents produce rotating mmf waves of constant magnitude. Since these waves rotate at constant (synchronous) speed, they maintain a constant torque angle, and thereby a constant torque and constant power.
Optimizing dispatch for a concentrated solar power tower

Abstract Concentrating solar power (CSP) systems employ a sophisticated thermal receiver, power cycle, and a heliostat field, comprised of thousands of mirrors spread over hundreds of acres of land, and are most cost-effective with relatively large quantities of energy storage which can be scheduled for dispatch. We exercise an existing optimization model that maximizes revenue over a year-long time horizon, solved using a standard 48-h look-ahead policy at hourly fidelity on a CSP system under development in California. The system employs molten salt power tower technology with a 150 MW e (net) turbine, eight hours of thermal storage at full load, and a solar field that provides 1.75 times the rated turbine thermal power. The model considers system configuration and interoperability aspects, such as storage tank size, production capacities, and ramp rates, and determines decisions that expedite financing, permitting, and plant design. Relative to results achieved via industry practice, the existing optimization model reduces the number of power cycle (i.e., turbine) start-up events by 86.4%, thereby improving net revenue by more than 8.5% annually; this corresponds to an approximately $140 M increase in net revenue over the lifetime of the plant, taking a step towards advancing the long-term economic viability of large-scale renewable energy systems. Sensitivity analysis on uncertain parameter values provides insight regarding those values that influence profit most significantly.
Amicus Brief of Professor Andrew Manuel Crespo in Kansas v. Glover (18-556)

In Kansas v. Glover, the United States Supreme Court will consider whether a police officer has reasonable suspicion to believe that a vehicle is being driven by its registered owner, as opposed to some other authorized driver, when the sole fact known to the officer is that the registered owner has a suspended license. Professor Crespo authored this amicus brief on his own behalf urging affirmance of the Kansas Supreme Court.
Reach‐scale bankfull channel types can exist independently of catchment hydrology

Author(s): Byrne, CF; Pasternack, GB; Guillon, H; Lane, BA; Sandoval-Solis, S | Abstract: © 2020 John Wiley a Sons, Ltd. Reach-scale morphological channel classifications are underpinned by the theory that each channel type is related to an assemblage of reach- and catchment-scale hydrologic, topographic, and sediment supply drivers. However, the relative importance of each driver on reach morphology is unclear, as is the possibility that different driver assemblages yield the same reach morphology. Reach-scale classifications have never needed to be predicated on hydrology, yet hydrology controls discharge and thus sediment transport capacity. The scientific question is: do two or more regions with quantifiable differences in hydrologic setting end up with different reach-scale channel types, or do channel types transcend hydrologic setting because hydrologic setting is not a dominant control at the reach scale? This study answered this question by isolating hydrologic metrics as potential dominant controls of channel type. Three steps were applied in a large test basin with diverse hydrologic settings (Sacramento River, California) to: (1) create a reach-scale channel classification based on local site surveys, (2) categorize sites by flood magnitude, dimensionless flood magnitude, and annual hydrologic regime type, and (3) statistically analyze two hydrogeomorphic linkages. Statistical tests assessed the spatial distribution of channel types and the dependence of channel type morphological attributes by hydrologic setting. Results yielded 10 channel types. Nearly all types existed across all hydrologic settings, which is perhaps a surprising development for hydrogeomorphology. Downstream hydraulic geometry relationships were statistically significant. In addition, cobble-dominated uniform streams showed a consistent inverse relationship between slope and dimensionless flood magnitude, an indication of dynamic equilibrium between transport capacity and sediment supply. However, most morphological attributes showed no sorting by hydrologic setting. This study suggests that median hydraulic geometry relations persist across basins and within channel types, but hydrologic influence on geomorphic variability is likely due to local influences rather than catchment-scale drivers. © 2020 John Wiley a Sons, Ltd.
Deep neural networks identify context-specific determinants of transcription factor binding affinity

Abstract Transcription factors (TFs) bind DNA by recognizing highly specific DNA sequence motifs, typically of length 6-12bp. A TF motif can occur tens of thousands of times in the human genome, but only a small fraction of those sites are actually bound. Despite the availability of genome-wide TF binding maps for hundreds of TFs, predicting whether a given motif occurrence is bound and identifying the influential context features remain challenging. Here we present a machine learning framework leveraging existing convolutional neural network architectures and state of the art model interpretation techniques to identify, visualize, and interpret context features most important for determining binding activity for a particular TF. We apply our framework to predict binding at motifs for 38 TFs in a lymphoblastoid cell line and achieve superior classification performance compared to existing frameworks. We compute importance scores for context regions at single base pair resolution and uncover known and novel determinants of TF binding. Finally, we demonstrate that important context bases are under increased purifying selection compared to nearby bases and are enriched in disease-associated variants identified by genome-wide association studies.
Long Term Outcomes of African-American LVAD Recipients

Purpose Despite significant advances in US CV health, ethnic disparities in outcomes persist. The prognosis of HF among African-Americans (AA) is less favorable than other groups. The impact of race on durable LVAD outcomes is not well defined. We therefore sought to determine the characteristics and long term outcomes of AA LVAD recipients. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all LVAD recipients at a single center from October 1, 2006 to June 30, 2019. We compared clinical characteristics of AAs to non-AAs. Survival and rates of adverse events (AEs) for AA patients (pts) were determined. 571 pts were included in the analysis. Results 394 AA (69% of the population) underwent LVAD implantation. The mean follow up time of AA cohort was 670+617 days. The AA group was younger (54+13 vs 60+13, p Conclusion In the largest ever reported cohort of AA LVAD recipients, AA were shown to have excellent long term survival with rates of AEs comparable to those reported in published clinical trials. Further research is warranted to determine predictors of survival in AA pts.
Predicting Stock Market N-Days Ahead Using SVM Optimized by Selective Thresholds

For a long time, many have tried to predict the stock market and identify its trends and patterns. Using Support V ector Machines (SVM), we predict various N days ahead of the NASDAQ Index from Jan 2000 to Dec 2018 using various selective predicting patterns. We only use the given stock opening, closing, high, low, and volume data to derive its corresponding technical indicators to predict N days ahead. This study utilizes selective thresholds to predict stock markets, which selects certain stock days to train and test the model based on whether a certain technical indicator meets the criteria of values. W e ended with 71.36% accuracy with Momentum 20 Selection (greater than 0.2 and less than -0.2 after normalization) when predicting 25 days ahead. This accuracy is significantly higher than previous studies that used only technical indicators mainly due to the selective predicting methods. Contrary to the direction of turning towards more niche data sets, we show that traditional technical indicators are sufficient in achieving high accuracy predictions in the stock market.
Real-world myeloid growth factor (MGF) prophylaxis patterns in patients receiving chemotherapy at intermediate-risk for febrile neutropenia (FN): A systematic review.

e24116Background: Many patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy are at an intermediate risk (10-20%) of developing FN. In this setting, clinical practice guidelines recommend an individuali...
Nailfold Capillary Hemorrhages: Microvascular Risk Factors for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Background. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is associated with systemic microvascular dysfunction including hemorrhages and other abnormalities of the nailfold capillary bed. This study aimed to verify the specificity of nailfold capillary hemorrhages and other abnormalities as risk factors for POAG. Methods. Nailfold video capillaroscopy was performed using a JH-1004 capillaroscope on the fourth and fifth digits of the nondominant hand in control (n = 277), POAG (n = 206), OHT (n = 57), and SG (n = 29) subjects. The number of hemorrhages, dilated capillaries >50 µm, and avascular zones ≥200 µm were counted and adjusted to counts per 100 capillaries. Descriptive analyses as well as univariate- and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression were performed comparing all groups with controls and POAG with OHT and SG. Subanalyses were conducted in POAG patients examining the association between nailfold capillary outcomes and previous glaucoma surgery, successful IOP control, or disease severity. Results. All nailfold capillary outcomes were significantly increased in POAG, no outcomes were increased in SG, and only hemorrhages were mildly increased in OHT. Hemorrhages were significantly more frequent in POAG compared with both OHT ( ) and SG ( ). There were significant trends between higher numbers of hemorrhages and POAG compared with controls, OHT, and SG, with odds ratios of 18.3 (8.5–39.4), 9.1 (1.9–13.4), and 11.8 (1.7–7.3), respectively, for the presence of two or more hemorrhages per 100 capillaries. Hemorrhages were not significantly associated with previous glaucoma surgery, successful postoperative IOP control, or disease severity in POAG. Conclusions. These findings suggest that systemic microvascular dysfunction is frequent in POAG and occurs early in the disease process. The high specificity of nailfold hemorrhages makes them viable clinical risk factors for POAG.
PRAME expression in melanocytic proliferations with intermediate histopathologic or spitzoid features.

Background PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) has shown utility in distinguishing melanoma from benign melanocytic lesions, but knowledge of its expression pattern in intermediate melanocytic and spitzoid proliferations is limited. Methods Immunohistochemical expression of PRAME was examined in 112 melanocytic proliferations with intermediate histopathologic or spitzoid features. Results Any intensity of nuclear PRAME staining in at least 60% of lesional melanocytes was determined as the best threshold for diffuse staining in this cohort. Nearly all non-spitzoid melanomas (23/24; 95.8%) demonstrated diffuse PRAME expression. PRAME was completely negative in 95.6% (43/45) of mitotically-active nevi, traumatized nevi, nevi with persistent/recurrent features, and dysplastic nevi. Most Spitz nevi (15/20) and atypical Spitz tumors (10/13) entirely lacked PRAME expression. One Spitz nevus, one atypical Spitz tumor, and one spitzoid melanoma (1/2) demonstrated diffuse PRAME expression. Conclusions Although diffuse PRAME expression is generally limited to malignant melanoma, benign Spitz nevi and atypical Spitz tumors can infrequently express diffuse PRAME. PRAME immunohistochemistry can be useful in the evaluation of atypical melanocytic proliferations with intermediate histopathologic features but should be interpreted with caution in the setting of spitzoid neoplasms.
Longitudinal Health Consequences of Childhood Adversity: The Mediating Role of Purpose in Life.

Early life adversity has long-term detrimental effects on physical health. Although biological, behavioral, and social factors have been explored as intermediate mechanisms, little research has exp...
Ho:YVO{sub 4} solid-state saturable-absorber {ital Q} switch for a 2-{mu}m Tm,Cr:Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} laser

The holmium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Ho:YVO{sub 4}) crystal was shown to be an effective solid-state saturable-absorber {ital Q} switch for a flash-lamp-pumped Tm,Cr:Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} laser operating at 2.017 {mu}m. A single {ital Q}-switched laser pulse of 3.5 mJ in energy and 45 ns in duration was observed with a 1-mm-thick 4{percent} Ho:YVO{sub 4} solid-state saturable absorber, which was grown with the high-temperature-solution-growth method. {copyright} {ital 1996 Optical Society of America.}
The Last Step to the Throne, the Conflict between Monarchs and Crown Princes

I model the dynamic between ruler and successor. The ruler wants to cultivate a successor for a smooth power transition but fears being ousted by him, while the successor fears being removed by the ruler; these mutual fears may induce ruler--successor conflict. Each party follows a non-monotonic equilibrium strategy. The successor accumulates power while not threatening the ruler, and he prolongs their relationship by maintaining a low profile. The ruler gradually becomes more intolerant of the successor's growing power but, as her life nears its end, has less incentive to replace him. Thus conflict is most probable in the middle of their relationship. Although an institutionalized procedure may render conflict less likely, a predetermined succession order could increase its likelihood by restricting the ruler's optimal time to select a successor. If there are two candidates then a ruler prefers the weaker one only if their capabilities are similar.
Case 4: An Old Anesthetic Machine and It’s the Only One

You have just arrived in a mission hospital in Kenya in East Africa. Below is the only anesthesia machine available. An emergency has been booked. You have no opportunity to administrate a safe total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) as you have no working infusion pumps.