cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Abbott 7000 and Bayer 340 Systems for Measurement of Hepatitis C Virus Load

This study compared two commercially available assays for the measurement of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels, the Bayer HCV RNA (version 3.0) branched DNA assay and the Abbott HCV analyte-specific reagent real-time PCR assay, to assess their quantitative relationships, ease of performance, and time to completion. The study group consisted of randomly selected patients from the NIAID human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outpatient clinic who were infected with HIV type 1 and HCV. One hundred eighty-four samples from 66 patients coinfected with HIV and HCV receiving treatments under various protocols were analyzed for the correlation and agreement of the results. The results indicated that the two assays correlate well in the overlapping linear ranges of the assays and show good agreement. From the results obtained, we have derived a mathematical formula to compare the viral load results between the two assays, which is given as log10 Abbott assay measure = 0.032 + 1.01 log10 Bayer assay measure. Although it is preferable to use the same quantitation assay throughout the course of a patient's treatment, valid comparisons of the HCV RNA levels may be made between the results obtained by either of these assays in the overlapping linear range (615 to 7,700,000 IU/ml).
Synthesis of Zeolite Y Nanocrystals from Clear Solutions

Synthesis of zeolite nano-sized crystals has attracted much attention because of their properties, some of which maybe different from the normal sized crystals. A synthesis adopted by Voltchev and Mintova was used as the starting point: 0.078 Na2O: 4.35 SiO2: 1.0 Al2O3: 2.35 (TMA)2O: 248 H2O. Both the silicate and aluminum starting solutions were clear. Zeolite Y nanocrystals with zeolite A nanocrystals as an impurity were obtained with a size range of 20–100 nm through this synthesis technique.
The volume of the ovine sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area is independent of adult testosterone concentrations

The ovine sexually dimorphic nucleus (oSDN) is characterized by high levels of aromatase mRNA expression which can be used to delineate its boundaries. The volume of the oSDN is approximately 2 to 3-fold larger in rams that mate with ewes (female-oriented rams) than in rams that mate with other rams (male-oriented rams) and ewes. The sex difference in oSDN volume is present in late gestation fetuses and can be eliminated before birth by exposing genetic females to exogenous testosterone during midgestation, suggesting that early exposure to androgen masculinizes volume of the oSDN. The present study was performed to determine whether differences in oSDN volume are influenced by the adult hormonal environment. Adult rams, behaviorally characterized as female-oriented or male-oriented, and ewes were gonadectomized and treated with subcutaneous implants of testosterone to achieve physiologic concentrations of serum testosterone. Three weeks after implant placement brain tissue was prepared for histological assessment of oSDN volume using in situ hybridization for detection of aromatase mRNA expression. Quantitative analysis revealed that despite similar serum testosterone levels among the groups, the volume of the oSDN was greater in female-oriented rams than in male-oriented rams and ewes (P < 0.05). Differences in oSDN volume were specific and not reflective of differences in preoptic area height or brain size. These results suggest that differences in the size of the oSDN in adult sheep were not influenced by adult exposure to testosterone.
Tickled PINK1: Mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy in recessive Parkinsonism

Dysregulation of mitochondrial structure and function has emerged as a central factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and related parkinsonian disorders (PD). Toxic and environmental injuries and risk factors perturb mitochondrial complex I function, and gene products linked to familial PD often affect mitochondrial biology. Autosomal recessive mutations in PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) cause an L-DOPA responsive parkinsonian syndrome, stimulating extensive interest in the normal neuroprotective and mitoprotective functions of PINK1. Recent data from mammalian and invertebrate model systems converge upon interactions between PINK1 and parkin, as well as DJ-1, α-synuclein and leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). While all studies to date support a neuroprotective role for wild type, but not mutant PINK1, there is less agreement on subcellular compartmentalization of PINK1 kinase function and whether PINK1 promotes mitochondrial fission or fusion. These controversies are reviewed in the context of the dynamic mitochondrial lifecycle, in which mitochondrial structure and function are continuously modulated not only by the fission-fusion machinery, but also by regulation of biogenesis, axonal/dendritic transport and autophagy. A working model is proposed, in which PINK1 loss of function results in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), cristae/respiratory dysfunction and destabilization of calcium homeostasis, which trigger compensatory fission, autophagy and biosynthetic repair pathways that dramatically alter mitochondrial structure. Concurrent strategies to identify pathways that mediate normal PINK1 function and to identify factors that facilitate appropriate compensatory responses are both needed to halt the aging-related penetrance and incidence of familial and sporadic PD.
Heterogeneity Affecting Outcome From Acute Stroke Therapy: Making Reperfusion Worse

Background— Stroke patients are heterogeneous not only with respect to etiology but also in terms of preexisting clinical conditions. Approximately one fifth of patients with acute stroke are hyperglycemic and/or have had a recent infectious or inflammatory condition. Summary of Review— Experimental research indicates that these factors can alter and accelerate the evolution of stroke and reperfusion injury, although these effects are complex and some may have a favorable impact. Both conditions involve activation of inflammatory and reactive oxygen mechanisms. In addition, hyperglycemia has concomitant deleterious vascular and metabolic effects that worsen infarct size and encourage hemorrhagic transformation in reperfusion models. Clinical data are less extensive but in general support an adverse impact on outcome. Conclusions— After examining these data in detail, we concluded that the presence of these clinical conditions could assist in identification of those at increased risk for complications of r...
Towards quantum template matching

We consider the problem of locating a template as a subimage of a larger image. Computing the maxima of the correlation function solves this problem classically. Since the correlation can be calculated with the Fourier transform this problem is a good candidate for a superior quantum algorithmic solution. We outline how such an algorithm would work.
The Crystal Structures of Yeast Get3 Suggest a Mechanism for Tail-Anchored Protein Membrane Insertion

Tail-anchored (TA) proteins represent a unique class of membrane proteins that contain a single C-terminal transmembrane helix. The post-translational insertion of the yeast TA proteins into the ER membrane requires the Golgi ER trafficking (GET) complex which contains Get1, Get2 and Get3. Get3 is an ATPase that recognizes and binds the C-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) of the TA proteins. We have determined the crystal structures of Get3 from two yeast species, S. cerevisiae and D. hansenii, respectively. These high resolution crystal structures show that Get3 contains a nucleotide-binding domain and a “finger” domain for binding the TA protein TMD. A large hydrophobic groove on the finger domain of S. cerevisiae Get3 structure might represent the binding site for TMD of TA proteins. A hydrophobic helix from a symmetry-related Get3 molecule sits in the TMD-binding groove and mimics the TA binding scenario. Interestingly, the crystal structures of the Get3 dimers from S. cerevisiae and D. hansenii exhibit distinct conformations. The S. cerevisiae Get3 dimer structure does not contain nucleotides and maintains an “open” conformation, while the D. hansenii Get3 dimer structure binds ADP and stays in a “closed” conformation. We propose that the conformational changes to switch the Get3 between the open and closed conformations may facilitate the membrane insertions for TA proteins.
Placement of trust anchors in embedded computer systems

The use of Trust Anchors in a well designed embedded system can help create more secure designs. Trust Anchors can be used to establish, extend, and maintain trust during power-up and run-time operation of a system. A system may contain one or more trust anchors working isolated or in a coordinated manner within the system. Embedded computer systems may be subject to network and physical attacks and so the use of trust anchors may help protect the system from these attacks. By evaluating potential attacks the placement and functionality of trusted hardware and software in the system may be defined to help mitigate the attacks. This paper uses several different attacks on an embedded computer as examples to describe the placement of trust anchors, hardware and software protection mechanisms, and other functionality needed to protect the system against these attacks.
Tamoxifen—What Next?

Most patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC) ultimately die due to disease progression. Consequently, treatments for ABC are predominantly palliative in nature and, therefore, the tolerability profile of a given treatment is particularly relevant in these patients. While cytotoxic chemotherapy and endocrine therapy exhibit efficacy in hormone-sensitive, advanced disease, it is endocrine therapy that combines efficacy with minimal acute toxicity. Tamoxifen has been the chosen endocrine therapy for postmenopausal, hormone-sensitive, ABC for over 20 years. More recently, new endocrine agents with different mechanisms of action from tamoxifen have been introduced. Evidence indicates that the aromatase inhibitors anastrozole (Arimidex ® ; AstraZeneca; Wilmington, DE), letrozole (Femara
Detection of ABCC1 expression in classical Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with increased risk of treatment failure using standard chemotherapy protocols

Background: The mechanisms responsible for chemoresistance in patients with refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) are unknown. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters confer multidrug resistance in various cancers and ABCC1 overexpression has been shown to contribute to drug resistance in the CHL cell line, KMH2. Findings: We analyzed for expression of five ABC transporters ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC3 and ABCG2 using immunohistochemistry in 103 pre-treatment tumor specimens obtained from patients with CHL. All patients received first-line standard chemotherapy with doxorubicin (Adriamycin W ), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) or equivalent regimens. ABCC1 was expressed in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in 16 of 82 cases (19.5%) and ABCG2 was expressed by HRS cells in 25 of 77 cases (32.5%). All tumors were negative for ABCB1, ABCC2 and ABCC3. ABCC1 expression was associated with refractory disease (p=0.01) and was marginally associated with poorer failure-free survival (p=0.06). Multivariate analysis after adjusting for hemoglobin and albumin levels and age showed that patients with CHL with HRS cells positive for ABCC1 had a higher risk of not responding to treatment (HR=2.84, 95%, CI: 1.12-7.19 p=0.028). Conclusions: Expression of ABCC1 by HRS cells in CHL patients predicts a higher risk of treatment failure and is marginally associated with poorer failure-free survival using standard frontline chemotherapy regimens.
Managing complexity in large-scale control system design

Continued advances in onboard computing technology are allowing automotive companies to accelerate the level of functionality delivered on new vehicles through electronics and software. New features such as hybrid powertrains and vehicle stability control are driving the need for vehicle-level supervisory control. In this work, the supervisory controller was defined in a modular and hierarchical structure in order to achieve better reusability and flexibility in incorporating new technologies into existing applications. In addition, a database tool was developed for the purpose of managing the complexity associated with maintaining the modular and hierarchical structure. Finally, the application of this work to advanced development of new hybrid vehicle prototypes is described.
Teplizumab treatment may improve C-peptide responses in participants with type 1 diabetes after the new-onset period: a randomised controlled trial.

Aims/hypothesis Type 1 diabetes results from a chronic autoimmune process continuing for years after presentation. We tested whether treatment with teplizumab (a Fc receptor non-binding anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody), after the new-onset period, affects the decline in C-peptide production in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Classifying rangeland vegetation type and coverage using a Fourier component based similarity measure

This paper defines a land cover classification technique based on the annual NDVI cycle. A similarity measure based directly on the components of the Discrete Fourier Transform is used to determine a pixels class membership. This Fourier component similarity measure produces an objective, computationally inexpensive and rapid method of classification that is able to classify rangeland vegetation by dominant shrub type, and which performs favorably compared to previously published classification techniques. By also defining a Fourier component based coverage measure this technique provides an estimate of vegetation coverage.
Evaluating motion strategies under nondeterministic or probabilistic uncertainties in sensing and control

Provides a method for characterizing future configurations under the implementation of a motion strategy in the presence of sensing and control uncertainties. We provide general techniques which can apply to either nondeterministic models of uncertainty (as typically considered in preimage planning research) or probabilistic models. Information-space concepts from modern control theory are utilized to define the notion of a strategy in this general context. We have implemented algorithms and show several computed examples that generalize the forward projection concepts from traditional literature in this area.
Reward, Motivation, and Emotion Systems Associated With Early-Stage Intense Romantic Love

Early-stage romantic love can induce euphoria, is a cross-cultural phenomenon, and is possibly a developed form of a mammalian drive to pursue preferred mates. It has an important influence on social behaviors that have reproductive and genetic consequences. To determine which reward and motivation systems may be involved, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and studied 10 women and 7 men who were intensely "in love" from 1 to 17 mo. Participants alternately viewed a photograph of their beloved and a photograph of a familiar individual, interspersed with a distraction-attention task. Group activation specific to the beloved under the two control conditions occurred in dopamine-rich areas associated with mammalian reward and motivation, namely the right ventral tegmental area and the right postero-dorsal body and medial caudate nucleus. Activation in the left ventral tegmental area was correlated with facial attractiveness scores. Activation in the right anteromedial caudate was correlated with questionnaire scores that quantified intensity of romantic passion. In the left insula-putamen-globus pallidus, activation correlated with trait affect intensity. The results suggest that romantic love uses subcortical reward and motivation systems to focus on a specific individual, that limbic cortical regions process individual emotion factors, and that there is localization heterogeneity for reward functions in the human brain.
Radiation Effects in Rare-Earth Permanent Magnets

Nd-Fe-B and Sm-Co permanent magnets have been irradiated with fission neutrons and gamma rays. Irradiated samples were periodically removed for room temperature measurements of the open-circuit remanence. Hysteresis loops were measured before and after irradiation. For neutron irradiation, two Nd-Fe-B magnets showed a rapid loss of remanence, while a third magnet from another manufacturer decayed more slowly, suggesting that the radiation hardness of Nd-Fe-B magnets may depend on microstructural details. Irradiation in the Omega West Reactor at Los Alamos with fast neutrons caused the fast-decay samples to have an Wtial loss of remanence of 1% for irradiation at 350 K to a fluence of 1015 n/cm2. Both SmCo5 and Sm2Co17 magnets showed excellent resistance to radiatifg-induied loss of remanence for neutron irradiation to a fluence of 2.6×1018 n/cm2. Results for gamma radiation showed no loss of remanence for a dose of about 49 Mrad using a 60Co source. Possible mechanisms for radiation-induced loss of magnetic properties are discussed.
Locating Climate Insecurity: Where Are the Most Vulnerable Places in Africa?

Africa is widely recognized as one of the continents most vulnerable to climate change. The continent’s vulnerability is partly driven by unfortunate geography, where the physical effects of climate change are likely to be among the most severe on the planet. It is also largely due to the low adaptive capacity of many African states, a product of problems in their economies, healthcare and education systems, infrastructure, and governance.
Magnetization to Morphogenesis: A Brief History of the Glazier-Graner-Hogeweg Model

This chapter discusses the history and development of what we propose to rename the Glazier-Graner-Hogeweg model (GGH model), starting with its ancestors, simple models of magnetism, and concluding with its current state as a powerful, cell-oriented method for simulating biological development and tissue physiology. We will discuss some of the choices and accidents of this development and some of the positive and negative consequences of the model’s pedigree.
NVRAM-aware logging in transaction systems

Emerging byte-addressable, non-volatile memory technologies (NVRAM) like phase-change memory can increase the capacity of future memory systems by orders of magnitude. Compared to systems that rely on disk storage, NVRAM-based systems promise significant improvements in performance for key applications like online transaction processing (OLTP). Unfortunately, NVRAM systems suffer from two drawbacks: their asymmetric read-write performance and the notable higher cost of the new memory technologies compared to disk. This paper investigates the cost-effective use of NVRAM in transaction systems. It shows that using NVRAM only for the logging subsystem (NV-Logging) provides much higher transactions per dollar than simply replacing all disk storage with NVRAM. Specifically, for NV-Logging, we show that the software overheads associated with centralized log buffers cause performance bottlenecks and limit scaling. The per-transaction logging methods described in the paper help avoid these overheads, enabling concurrent logging for multiple transactions. Experimental results with a faithful emulation of future NVRAM-based servers using the TPCC, TATP, and TPCB benchmarks show that NV-Logging improves throughput by 1.42 - 2.72x over the costlier option of replacing all disk storage with NVRAM. Results also show that NV-Logging performs 1.21 - 6.71x better than when logs are placed into the PMFS NVRAM-optimized file system. Compared to state-of-the-art distributed logging, NV-Logging delivers 20.4% throughput improvements.
LEGAL TRIAGE DURING PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES AND DISASTERS

Introduction Public health emergency preparedness is a national, state, and local priority. Public health and safety authorities at all levels of government and the private sector are working hard to plan, train, allocate resources, and develop relationships in anticipation of significant public health emergencies (such as epidemic infectious disease outbreaks and widespread acts of bioterrorism) or disasters (such as major hurricanes and catastrophic earthquakes). Though important, no amount of planning, relationship-building, resource sharing, or training can fully prepare the nation for the consequences of an emergency. Emergency events like the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, or more recently, Hurricanes
Thermoplastic recording

A new recording technique is described that is practically instantaneous, providing storage densities up to 40 million bits of information per square inch. Frequency response exceeds 40 mc and both image as well as sequential information can be recorded. Its versatility and practicality are illustrated by noting its broad field of application.
An analytical approach for calculating the FWM idler and signal wavelengths in a graded index multimode optical fiber

We present a simple yet powerful analytical approach for calculating the four-wave mixing signal and idler wavelengths in a graded-index multimode optical fiber using the core radius, core-cladding index step, and mode group numbers.
RELATIONSHIP OF INTERFERON PRODUCTION TO VIRUS GROWTH IN VIVO.

SummaryInterferon production and virus growth were followed during infections of mice. Although interferon production paralleled eneephalomyocarditis virus titers in the serum, interferon production did not parallel virus growth during the later stages of influenza infection of mouse lung nor did it parallel lactic dehydrogenase virus levels in the sera of infected mice.
Quantum Dynamical Simulation of Many Electron-Phonon Coupled Systems on Parallel Computers

A quantum dynamical simulation method is developed to investigate coupled many electron-phonon systems. Both electron and phonon wave functions are numerically propagated in time. The method is applied to the study of resonant tunneling of an electron through double quantum dots. Phonon-induced electron localization is observed. The space-splitting Schrodinger solver and dynamical-simulated-annealing Poisson solver are implemented on an 8,192-node MP-1 computer from MasPar.
Sex Roles in Advertising: A Comparison of Television Advertisements in Australia, Mexico, and the United States:

In the past, research has found that the portrayal of sex roles in advertising has not reflected equality or reality. Further, studies typically have examined only U.S. advertising, leaving open th...
Electrical properties of insulating materials

Electrical Insulation can be considered from at least three points of view: Theoretical consideration Engineering application Measurement All three are important and interrelated. Understandably an expert in each of the areas tends to emphasize his own points of view. In this tutorial session Dr. van Lint emphasizes the theoretical considerations in developing a model to describe radiation-induced conductivity in magnesium oxide. Ware deals with the properties of polyethylene which are important in its application as a cable dielectric. Dakin presents a very thorough discussion of corona measurement and its significance. Frisco describes the dielectric interrelationships between electrical components which affect both application and measurement.
Documentation of the San Pedro Acequia (41BX337) at Trevino Street, San Antonio, Texas

In August 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research entered into a contract with the San Antonio Parks and Recreation Department to provide monitoring for the Trevino Street improvements immediately to the north of San Fernando Cathedral in downtown San Antonio. Previous investigations had shown that the stonelined San Pedro acequia existed at the curb line on Main Avenue. Monitoring was conducted as the street surface was removed and, as expected, the acequia was exposed. The location of the acequia was documented by photography and measured drawings. A plan map of the location was produced and archival research revealed the history of the channel at this location.
User Study: Varying the Glare Duration and Intensity

The main focus of the designed simulation lies on the realistic display of critical objects in traffic situations. Especially the time-dependent threshold between perceivable and non-perceivable objects after glares from oncoming vehicles is addressed in the simulator. However, the simulation of the recurring contrast perception after short glares can only be as authentic as the measured human re-adaptation parameters it is based on.
Abstract 1335: The {beta}-blocker Alprenolol Stimulates {beta}-arrestin Mediated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation

The binding of agonist to its cognate receptor initiates not only classical G protein-mediated signaling, but also G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) and β-arrestin dependent signals. We recently identified a new signaling pathway in which β-arrestin mediates β 1 -adrenergic receptor (β 1 AR) transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Activation of this β 1 AR-EGFR transactivation pathway provides cardioprotection in vivo under conditions of catecholamine toxicity. Recent observations suggest that binding of different β-adrenergic ligands stabilizes distinct receptor conformations, leading to specific signaling outcomes. To identify whether β-adrenergic ligands that do not activate G protein signaling can induce β-arrestin mediated EGFR transactivation, we screened 20 β-blockers using confocal microscopy in HEK 293 cells overexpressing β 1 AR and EGFR-GFP. We found that alprenolol consistently induced β-arrestin mediated β 1 AR transactivation of EGFR. Using mutants of the β 1 AR and siRNA directed against β-arrestin we show that alprenolol stimulated-EGFR transactivation requires both β 1 AR phosphorylation on the c-terminal tail and β-arrestin (see figure). Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of Src and EGFR blocked alprenolol-stimulated EGFR transactivation. Our findings suggest that alprenolol may represent a novel class of drugs that provide cardioprotection via β-arrestin mediated β 1 AR-EGFR transactivation as well as classical antagonistic action of G protein signaling.
Diapause and estivation in sponges.

Sponges can be found in fresh or saltwater habitats. As part of their lifecycle, many sponges produce gemmules as a means of surviving environmental challenge. In most sponges, the gemmules contain cells that are initially in a state of metabolic arrest that is controlled by endogenous factors. This state is known as diapause. Following a period of exposure to unfavorable conditions, the cells in the gemmule transit from diapause into a state known as quiescence in which metabolic depression is controlled by environmental factors. When favorable conditions return, the gemmules germinate and produce a new sponge. Production of gemmules is triggered by environmental factors such as decreased temperature or desiccation and involves cell aggregation of thesocytes and the laying down of the gemmule coat. Thesocytes contain yolk platelets as an energy store and high concentrations of polyols that maintain high osmotic concentration in the cells of the gemmules. The high osmotic concentration maintains metabolic depression and turns off cell division. It is the inability to reduce the osmotic concentration that maintains the gemmules in diapause. Transition to quiescence requires the ability of the cells in the gemmules to convert the polyols to glycogen, and thus reduce the osmotic concentration. At this stage, the cells are able to reduce osmotic concentration but do not until favorable conditions return. Early in the germination process, the polyols are converted to glycogen, reducing the osmotic pressure and releasing the inhibition of cell division and metabolic rate. Both cell division and metabolic rate increase eventually leading to germination of the gemmules and production of a new sponge.
Serum clomipramine and metabolite levels in four nursing mother-infant pairs.

Background: Women with postpartum-onset obsessive compulsive disorder may elect treatment with clomipramine. There is minimal information to guide the clinician who must advise breastfeeding women about clomipramine therapy. Method: Four clomipramine-treated breastfeeding mother-infant pairs were assessed for serum concentrations of clomipramine, N-desmethylclomipramine, and corresponding 8-hydroxymetabolites. Results: Although the mothers exhibited a wide range of serum concentrations, the parent drug and metabolites were either nondetectable or below the quantifiable limit in the sera of all infants. No adverse clinical effects were observed. Conclusion: This report adds to the growing literature that suggests that tricyclic use during breastfeeding rarely results in measurable drug levels in infant sera
Short-term flow dynamics of a retreating tidewater glacier : LeConte Glacier, Alaska, U. S. A.

An analysis of motion in the terminus region of LeConte Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., delineates mechanisms that are important to tidewater glacier stability. This glacier is undergoing rapid retreat. Since 1995 it has retreated 2 km and thinned > 125 m at the present location of the terminus. Ice velocities in this region are quite high; at the terminus they exceed 27 m d -1 . Our analysis reveals that fluctuations in speed and surface elevation are forced by ocean tides, surface melt and precipitation. The near-terminus ice speed is 180° out of phase with the tide, such that high tide corresponds to low speed. Smaller, melt-forced diurnal variations in speed are present throughout the lowermost 7 km. Speed-ups in excess of 10% of the mean often occur after rainstorms as a result of increased basal water pressure and storage, but the relation is not simple. The velocity does not vary over the spring and summer seasons.
Range Estimation Is NP-Hard for ε2 Accuracy and Feasible for ε2−δ

The basic problem of interval computations is: given a function f(x 1,..., x n) and n intervals [x i, x i], find the (interval) range yof the given function on the given intervals. It is known that even for quadratic polynomials f(x 1,..., x n), this problem is NP-hard. In this paper, following the advice of A. Neumaier, we analyze the complexity of asymptotic range estimation, when the bound e on the width of the input intervals tends to 0. We show that for small c > 0, if we want to compute the range with an accuracy c ⋅ e2, then the problem is still NP-hard; on the other hand, for every δ > 0, there exists a feasible algorithm which asymptotically, estimates the range with an accuracy c ⋅ e2−δ.
Book Review: College Algebra

Book Information College Algebra Carl Stitz and Jeff Zeager Ohio: Open Educational Resource, 2013 1082pp. FREE
A response to strategies and tactics through participatory action research in a developmental mathematics course

AbstractThis paper explores the value of participatory action research in a community college developmental mathematics course. The authors used the framework of critical mathematics education in order to understand the critical conversations of students about their learning experiences, and also to help the instructor of the course develop the curriculum that attended to student experiences. The authors also draw on Michel de Certeau’s ideas about strategies and tactics to understand how students responded to their past learning experiences. Data results from the study show that students can gain a better understanding of their own learning and subsequently develop deeper content knowledge when they are more involved in the teaching and learning process. Lastly, the authors conclude that as adult learners grow in their understanding of the learning processes and of the content being presented, participatory action research can play an important role in the entire development of thinking and intellectual ...
Neural stem cells and epilepsy: functional roles and disease-in-a-dish models

Epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures. Although current therapies exist to control the number and severity of clinical seizures, there are no pharmacological cures or disease-modifying treatments available. Use of transgenic mouse models has allowed an understanding of neural stem cells in their relation to epileptogenesis in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Further, with the significant discovery of factors necessary to reprogram adult somatic cell types into pluripotent stem cells, it has become possible to study monogenic epilepsy-in-a-dish using patient-derived neurons. This discovery along with some of the newest technological advances in recapitulating brain development in a dish has brought us closer than ever to a platform in which to study and understand the mechanisms of this disease. These technologies will be critical in understanding the mechanism of epileptogenesis and ultimately lead to improved therapies and precision medicine for patients with epilepsy.
Massive hemoptysis during general endotracheal anesthesia in adults with Cystic Fibrosis.

• Cystic Fibrosis is a multisystem disease that affects 30,000 people in the United States.
Juris: an Ethnic Cemetery on the High Plains

The study of Juris Cemetery, a small rural cemeteryfor Slovak settlers on the High Plains ofColorado, reveals almost complete acculturation to the dominant society. Moreover, the distribution of graves and the materials, forms, and inscriptions of gravestones convey little information about religious affiliation or distinctions of gender, age, and personal accomplishment. Even the principle offamily solidarity is hardly given the emphasis one might expect. The suggestion is that these homesteaders and their descendants practiced burial with little concern for ethnic continuity or for the representation of social distinctions and relationships.
Polynomial Accelerated Solutions to a Large Gaussian Model for Imaging Biofilms: In Theory and Finite Precision

Three-dimensional confocal scanning laser microscope images offer dramatic visualizations of living biofilms before and after interventions. Here, we use confocal microscopy to study the effect of ...
Discovery, Structure–Activity Relationship, and Biological Evaluation of Noninhibitory Small Molecule Chaperones of Glucocerebrosidase

A major challenge in the field of Gaucher disease has been the development of new therapeutic strategies including molecular chaperones. All previously described chaperones of glucocerebrosidase are enzyme inhibitors, which complicates their clinical development because their chaperone activity must be balanced against the functional inhibition of the enzyme. Using a novel high throughput screening methodology, we identified a chemical series that does not inhibit the enzyme but can still facilitate its translocation to the lysosome as measured by immunostaining of glucocerebrosidase in patient fibroblasts. These compounds provide the basis for the development of a novel approach toward small molecule treatment for patients with Gaucher disease.
The Angular Dependence of Thermal Neutron Spectra in Lattices

Techniques are developed for computing the angular thermal flux spectrum emerging from a lattice. These methods are applied to water lattices, and it is found that the computed spectra are sensitive to the geometrical description of the lattice but insensitive to the anisotropic scattering by water. Comparisons with measured spectra indicate that corrections for gradierts and the finite size of the experimental lattice are important. (auth)
Expertise, Anthropological Approaches to

Over the past two decades, anthropological research on experts and expertise has flourished. However, rather than treating experts and expertise as new foci of anthropological inquiry, this article explores the historical roots of this field in the anthropology of knowledge, in the postcolonial and reflexive turns of the 1970s and 1980s, and in the rise of science and technology studies as one of the greatest influences on anthropological research in the 1990s and 2000s. The article discusses anthropology's relative disinterest in proposing universal models of experts and expertise and its commitment instead to exploring the processual dimensions of how specialized knowledge and knowers are made, dimensions in which epistemic schemata are formulated, challenged, reproduced, circulated, and, sometimes, institutionalized as ‘expertise’ by social actors who reciprocally become identified as ‘experts’ in the process. Yet, the article does show that the anthropological study of experts and expertise extends and refines anthropological reflexivity by encouraging new kinds of interexpert exchanges and relations. In closing, the author predicts that this area of research will continue to be ethnographically and theoretically generative in the future.
Integrin Modulating Factor and the Regulation of Leukocyte Integrins

This chapter reviews recent work describing rapid, reversible changes in the avidity of leukocyte integrins. The role of an allosteric effector, integrin modulating factor (IMF-1) in this type of regulation is discussed.
Mobility Prediction-Based Autonomous Proactive Energy Saving (AURORA) Framework for Emerging Ultra-Dense Networks

Increased network wide energy consumption is a paramount challenge that hinders wide scale ultra-dense networks (UDNs) deployments. While several energy saving (ES) enhancement schemes have been proposed recently, these schemes have one common tenancy. They operate in reactive mode, i.e., to increase ES, cells are switched ON/OFF reactively in response to changing cell loads. Though, significant ES gains have been reported for such ON/OFF schemes, the inherent reactiveness of these ES schemes limits their ability to meet the extremely low latency and high QoS expected from future cellular networks vis-a-vis 5G and beyond. To address this challenge, in this paper we propose a novel user mobility prediction based autonomous proactive energy saving (AURORA) framework for future UDN. Instead of observing changes in cell loads passively and then reacting to them, AURORA uses past hand over traces to determine future cell loads. This prediction is then used to proactively schedule small cell sleep cycles. AURORA also incorporates the effect of cell individual offsets for balancing load among cells to ensure QoS while maximizing ES. Extensive system level simulations leveraging realistic SLAW model based mobility traces show that AURORA can achieve significant energy reduction gain without noticeable impact on QoS.
Tomographic laser absorption imaging of combustion species and temperature in the mid-wave infrared

In this work, laser absorption spectroscopy techniques are expanded in spatial resolution capability by utilizing a high-speed infrared camera to image flow fields backlit with tunable mid-wave infrared laser radiation. The laser absorption imaging (LAI) method yields spectrally-resolved and spatially-rich datasets from which quantitative species and temperature profiles can be generated using tomographic reconstruction. Access to the mid-wave infrared (3–5 µm) enables imaging of fuels, intermediates, and products of combustion in canonical small-diameter flames (< 1 cm). Example 1D measurements and 2D reconstructions of ethane (3.34 µm), carbon monoxide (4.97 µm), and carbon dioxide (4.19 µm) in an axisymmetric laminar flame are presented and discussed. LAI is shown to significantly enhance spatio-temporal data bandwidth (∼400 simultaneously sampled lines-of-sight) and resolution (∼50 µm) compared to other tomographic absorption spectroscopy techniques, and with a simplified optical arrangement.
Overlay error statistics for multiple-exposure patterning

Background: The mathematical equations that explain overlay error of multiple-exposure patterning schemes have not been fully described in the literature and some commonly accepted methods lead to inaccurate estimated and/or measured overlay error. Aims: Develop the proper mathematical framework, using a first principles statistical approach, so that engineers using multiple-exposure patterning can determine the overlay impact and overlay controls needed. Alert patterning community that grouped overlay metrology of multiple-exposures undermeasures the true overlay error. Approach: Use image placement error and population-based statistics to enable a mathematical framework to be established that predicts the actual overlay error for an overlaying pattern that minimizes overlay error back to a pattern that is patterned with multiple-exposure patterning. Results: The overlay error between two patterns is usually less than the root sum square of the two overlay error values of the patterns individually measured to a common prior pattern. Overlay error for a pattern minimizing back to multiple-prior patterns increases quickly as systematic overlay error between the prior patterns increases. Conclusions: Controlling systematic overlay error between patterns of a multipatterned layer is important for subsequent patterns that need to minimize overlay error back to the composite multipatterned layer. The ratio between the overlay error determined with metrology and true overlay can be calculated.
Bayesian analysis of areal data with unknown adjacencies using the stochastic edge mixed effects model

Abstract Traditional conditional autoregressive (CAR) models use neighborhood information to define the adjacency matrix. Specifically, the neighborhoods are defined deterministically using the boundaries between the regions. However, covariates may inform the entries of the adjacency matrix and may not correspond to the nearest neighbor structure that is typically assumed. We propose a class of prior distributions for adjacency matrices, which incorporate covariates and can detect a relationship between two areas that do not share a boundary. Our approach is fully Bayesian, and involves a computationally efficient conjugate update of the adjacency matrix. To illustrate the high performance of our Bayesian hierarchical model, we present a simulation study, and an example using data made publicly available by the New York City Department of Health.
Effects on vegetative restoration of two treatments: erosion matting and supplemental rock cover in the alpine ecosystem.

Unsanctioned travel routes through alpine ecosystems can influence water drainage patterns, cause sedimentation of streams, and erode soils. These disturbed areas can take decades to revegetate. In 2012, a volunteer‐driven project restored a 854‐m section of unsanctioned road along the Continental Divide in Colorado, United States. The restored area was seeded with three native grass species and then treated by installing erosion matting or adding supplemental rock cover. Four years later, results suggest that the seeding along with the use of erosion matting or supplemental rock can enhance revegetation. Matting appeared to accumulate litter, and this effect might have contributed to enhanced moisture retention. Treated areas contained 40% of the vegetation cover found on adjacent controls, which averaged 69% vascular plant absolute cover. Recovery on both treatments was markedly higher than published estimates of passive revegetation of disturbed areas measured elsewhere suggesting seeding with added cover or protection led to substantial vegetative cover after 4 years. Two of the 3 seeded grass species, Trisetum spicatum and Poa alpina, dominated the restored plots, composing 81.7% of relative vegetation cover on matting sites and 73.4% of relative cover on rock‐supplemented areas. Presumably due to its preference for moister sites, Deschampsia cespitosa had low establishment rates. Volunteer species, that is species that appeared on their own, contributed 6.3% to the absolute vegetation cover of matting and rock sites, and species such as Minuartia biflora, Minuartia obtusiloba, Poa glauca, and Festuca brachyphylla should be considered for use in future restorations.
Profile Evidence, Fairness, and the Risks of Mistaken Convictions*

Many oppose the use of profile evidence against defendants at trial, even when the statistical correlations are reliable and the jury is free from prejudice. The literature has struggled to justify...
The Fusokine FIST15 Enhances Anti-Tumor Immunity Against Murine Osteosarcoma and Prevents Gvhd after Bone Marrow Transplant

There are limited treatment options for relapsed osteosarcoma (OS), and studies of bone marrow transplant (BMT) have not shown benefit for this disease. FIST15 is a fusokine that combines murine IL-15/IL-15Ra with two TGF-beta receptor ectodomains that serve as a sink for neutralizing free TGF-beta, and has not been tested after BMT or for OS. We hypothesized that FIST15 would enhance BMT responses against OS by stimulating NK cell activity. First, we established an OS pulmonary metastases model using luciferase+ K7M2 OS cells injected intravenously into Balb/c mice. When the total flux of bioluminescence was 5 ´ 106 p/s, Balb/c mice were lethally irradiated and transplanted with Balb/c bone marrow (BM). Some recipients also received adoptive transfer of Balb/c NK cells alone or in combination with FIST15 (∼3 µg/dose) injected every two days post-BMT. Syngeneic BMT recipients of NK cells and FIST15 showed significantly less pulmonary metastases on gross pathology and reduced bioluminescence as compared to mice who did not receive FIST15 (p
Abstract P5-11-03: Practice patterns and outcomes of post progression treatment after CDK 4/6 inhibitors

Background: CDK 4/6 inhibitors have become frontline treatment for patients (pts) with advanced hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer. There is limited data regarding post-progression outcomes in pts receiving CDK 4/6 inhibitors as standard of care. In this study, we analyzed treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of post-progression treatment in pts with advanced HR positive breast cancer after receiving CDK 4/6 inhibitors. Methods: Pts with metastatic breast cancer receiving CDK 4/6 inhibitors who received treatment after progression were identified from a cohort of pts at MDACC. Pts receiving CDK 4/6 inhibitors in a clinical trial were excluded. Clinical and demographic data as well as progression-free survival (PFS) was collected. Data was analyzed using Fischer9s exact test for categorized variables and T test/Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables. PFS was analyzed using the Kaplan Meier method. Results: 206 pts who met eligibility criteria were included. Median age at metastatic diagnosis was 56 years-old and the majority of pts were white (n=160, 77.7%) with a pre- treatment performance status of 0 (n=168, 81.6%). The largest fraction of pts (n=98, 47.6%) received a chemotherapy agent following progression on a CDK 4/6 inhibitor while 19.4% (n=40) received endocrine therapy, 21.8% (n=45) received a biologic, 6.3% (N=13) received a different CDK 4/6 inhibitor and 4.9% (n=10) received an investigational therapy. The majority of pts who progressed on a subsequent agent had visceral progression (n=193, 93.7%). The median time to progression on an agent after CDK 4/6 inhibitor was 122 days. There was no statically significant difference in time to progression after CDK 4/6 inhibitor between pts receiving different classes of therapies, including CDK 4/6 inhibitors and investigational therapies (p=0.3). Conclusion: Pts in our cohort were more likely to receive chemotherapy following progression on a CDK 4/6 inhibitor. Reassuringly, there was no significant difference between time to progression on different agents. As CDK 4/6 inhibitors become frontline therapy for HR positive metastatic breast cancer, it is important to evaluate the sequencing of therapies as well as outcomes on subsequent agents. Citation Format: Katherine Keaney Clifton, Akshara Singareeka Raghavendra, Min Yi, Jennifer Litton, Debu Tripathy, Meghan Karuturi. Practice patterns and outcomes of post progression treatment after CDK 4/6 inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-11-03.