cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STUDIES IN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF FUSARIA. THE RESPIRATORY AND FERMENTATIVE MECHANISMS.

1.Fusarium tricothecoides was selected for a study of the respiratory and fermentative activities of Fusaria. "Resting cell" suspensions were investigated by the Barcroft manometric technique. 2. The results of the investigation indicate clearly that the mechanism of endogenous metabolism (respiration) is distinct from the exogenous mechanism (fermentation). Anaerobically no significant CO(2) production is apparent without added substrate. In the presence of glucose the anaerobic CO(2) evolution is practically equal to the added CO(2) evolved aerobically in the presence of added glucose. Low concentrations of iodoacetate or fluoride selectively poison the exogenous mechanism but do not affect the endogenous mechanism. Alcohol is not produced in the course of endogenous metabolism, but is produced in the presence of added glucose. 3. A study of the metabolism of the organism throughout its entire growth phase from 1 to 7 days has been made. 4. The ability of suspensions of Fusarium sp. H., obtained by growth on a variety of common substrates, to attack a large number of carbon sources with the production of exogenous CO(2) was determined. It is found that organisms grown on glucose will attack only glucose, mannose, and fructose, but none of the common intermediary metabolites except pyruvic acid. Organisms grown on galactose attack galactose, as well as the other hexoses, indicating an adaptive mechanism. 5. An identical mechanism for the dissimilation of glucose, mannose, and galactose is indicated since no additive effects with these substrates were observed. Growths on non-hexose carbon sources attack glucose slightly under the experimental conditions with the evolution of CO(2), but do not attack any other substrate. This would indicate a residual glucose-dissimilating mechanism in all growths investigated. 6. Striking similarities between the general metabolism of resting suspensions of Fusarium sp. H. and resting suspensions of yeast cells are apparent.
Recognizing and adapting instruction for early readers

A survey of kindergarten and first grade teachers at these grade levels revealed that they use a variety of formal and informal methods to assess entry reading levels, that a variety of teaching adaptations are used, but all early readers are still required to participate in beginning basal reader instruction.
Geographic media literacy: an introduction

In a media saturated world of globalization, information flow and knowledge economies, an interesting paradox exists: geographic literacy appears to be on the decline while geographic information is on the rise. In this introduction to a collection of essays on geographies of the media, we explore this paradox and use Baudrillard’s (1994) work on Simulacra and Simulation to argue that increased mediated information does not produce more meaning, but rather leads to a catastrophe of meaning and the medium. Drawing from McLuhan’s axiom, “the medium is the message,” we posit that with more mediated information there is less meaningful information and as such we need to address geographic media literacy as a primary mode through which to address geographic literacy.
Picosecond Dynamics Behind the Shock Front

Understanding the microscopic details of shock-wave initiation of energetic materials requires a realistic picture of picosecond time scale processes occurring in large molecules located in an ∼100 nanometer thin layer just behind the front. In this paper, I discuss a theoretical model for shock wave induced chemistry which highlights the role of molecular mechanical energy transfer processes, especially multiphonon up-pumping. Picosecond laser measurements of multiphonon up-pumping in a high explosive, nitromethane, are presented. Up-pumping occurs on the ∼100 picosecond time scale in nitromethane. The fundamental problem in direct measurement of the states of molecules just behind a shock front is simultaneously achieving picosecond time resolution and nanometer space resolution. A new method for probing dynamics immediately behind a shock front using optical nanogauges is described, and some preliminary results are presented.
Effects of porcine calcitonin in osteogenesis imperfecta tarda.

The effect of the administration of porcine calcitonin to two children with osteogenesis imperfecta tarda was evaluated by means of calcium and phosphorus balance studies, urinary hydroxyproline excretion, tubular reabsorption of phosphorus, and phosphate clearance before and after administration of parathyroid extract. The balance studies indicated that calcitonin was effective in causing retention of calcium and phosphorus and decrease in hydroxyproline excretion. These improvements suggest that calcitonin may be of therapeutic value in osteogenesis imperfecta by decreasing bone resorption.
Persistence of conditioned fighting in a hen pigeon

Fighting a variety of opponents was observed in a hen pigeon 11 months after conditioning to peck another bird. The hen fought and dominated three opponents but failed to fight a cock which displayed a pre-mating behavioral pattern. Frequency of fighting was found to be related to territoriality. Fighting patterns were frequently not typical of what has been described in the literature as stereotyped fighting in pigeons.
Studies on the biodegradation of parathion

Four compounds formed as the results of parathion degradation byChlorella pyrenoidosa proteose were identified or partly characterized in these studies. The major parathion metabolite, aminoparathion, was shown by bioassay to be nontoxic to vinegar flies at the levels tested. Evidence is presented that aminoparathion is released rapidly from algal cells after this compound is formed from parathion. Metabolites of unknown chemical structure which were detected were partially characterized as follows: Metabolite 1 - contains sulfur and phenyl ring, strong cholinesterase inhibitor. Metabolite 2 - contains sulfur, lacks phenyl ring, not a cholinesterase inhibitor at levels tested. Metabolite 3 - contains phenyl ring but not sulfur, a strong cholinesterase inhibitor. Probably an oxon of parathion.
Genetic characterization of ompH mutants in the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium sp. strain SS9

OmpH is an outer membrane protein produced by the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium species strain SS9 in response to elevated hydrostatic pressure. In order to facilitate studies of the function of this protein, a series of OmpH+ and OmpH- strains were obtained from SS9 by Tn5 gene replacement mutagenesis. A previously isolated ompH::lacZ strain and a derivative of this strain harboring a plasmid expressing the wild-type ompH gene were also utilized. The acridine mutagen ICR 191 preferentially inhibited the growth of OmpH+ over OmpH- cells. Indeed, OmpH+ cultures treated with the mutagen rapidly accumulated mutants producing reduced levels of OmpH. In addition. OmpH+ cells took up the peptide Met-Leu-Phe approximately 15 times more rapidly than OmpH- cells. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that OmpH functions as a relatively large, nonspecific diffusion channel.
DEPLETION OF CUTANEOUS GLUTATHIONE BY ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

Supplemental antioxidants may have a role in ameliorating or preventing the actinic damage that can lead to cutaneous disorders such as skin cancer, hyperpigmentation, and premature aging. Glutathione is an important endogenous antioxidant and fulfills various protective functions in the skin. Irradiation of hairless mice with short (UVB) or long (UVA) wavelength ultraviolet radiation or with UVA combined with a photosensitizing psoralen (PUVA) can deplete skin glutathione levels. Ultraviolet B irradiation causes rapid transient fluctuations in the epidermal glutathione level and the relative amount present as the oxidized form. Ultraviolet A irradiation can deplete epidermal and dermal glutathione for several hours but requires much higher doses than UVB. PUVA treatments may lead to extensive and prolonged depletions of epidermal and dermal glutathione, the severity of which is dependent on the psoralen dose and may last for several days. These transient depletions, oxidations, and sometimes rapid recoveries of cutaneous glutathione levels are compatible with a role for glutathione as an endogenous photoprotective agent in the skin. Experimental evidence supports such a role: for example severe skin edema develops in mice only after about 50% of the glutathione has been depleted by PUVA treatment. Although different mechanisms are involved in each case, glutathione depletion may contribute to the production of phototoxicity by UVB, UVA, and by PUVA. Understanding the depletion mechanisms may allow the development of strategies aimed at preventing loss of cutaneous glutathione, and at reinforcing the natural protective functions of this critical cell component.
Spaces to control creative output of the knowledge worker: a managerial paradox?

Due to technological advances, knowledge workers have become more mobile, expanding the variety of environments in which they may complete work. Despite the affordances of technology, however, knowledge workers may not have the autonomy to use these alternative work sites. Autonomy is a key criterion to producing creative work as well, so limits to autonomy are especially troubling for creative knowledge workers tasked with generating creative solutions---an increasingly important output to organizations given the turbulent environment. This paper draws on labor process theory to explore the sources that may be playing a role in diminishing the autonomy of these workers. Several propositions are presented relating forms of control, work environment options, autonomy, and creative performance.
In Times of Need: An Examination of Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief Service Volunteers

Significant concentrations of people in areas have led scholars to argue that humans will be inevitably affected by disasters. A primary component of preparation for and recovery from disasters is the volunteer. Building on prior studies, this research uses nationally representative data from the Current Population Survey to examine volunteering for emergency preparedness and disaster relief (EPR) service. The results indicate that, compared to those who perform more general volunteering tasks, volunteers for disaster relief tasks are likely to be younger and less educated. Additional analyses show that relief volunteers are more likely than general volunteers to be asked to volunteer directly by someone in an organization, underscoring the importance of network ties to recruitment for this type of volunteering.
A role for oligosaccharides in glycoprotein biosynthesis

Abstract Oligosaccharide chains can influence the ability of a protein to fold properly. The large size of the precursor of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides may be essential if certain proteins are to achieve the correct tertiary structure.
Binariness and rational choice

Abstract The concept of numerical representability of preferences together with maximality is at the heart of the concept of rationality embodied in classical optimization models. The difficulty of representing social preferences arises from inherent intransitivities thrown up by democratic voting procedures and by non-binary choice rules which need to be adopted to cope with these intransitivities. An alternative (weaker) concept of representability is developed and it is shown that this concept can partially accommodate intransitivity and non-binariness. ‘Weak transitivity’ and ‘weak binaries’ conditions are provided and it is shown that these conditions are necessary and sufficient for ‘weak representability’. While the weak transitivity condition would be violated by social aggregation procedures, the non-binary functions used by social choice theorists do indeed satisfy the condition of ‘weak binariness’.
Normalization of intraoperative parathyroid hormone does not predict normal postoperative parathyroid hormone levels.

Background. Intraoperative intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) is being used to confirm complete excision of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. It is uncertain whether normalization of intraoperative iPTH levels accurately predicts long-term postoperative iPTH values. Methods. Fifty-two consecutive patients with primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism underwent parathyroidectomy with measurement of intraoperative iPTH. Ten patients were excluded due to incomplete laboratory follow-up. Follow-up serum calcium and iPTH levels were measured at 1- and 3-month intervals. Results. Before operation, the mean serum iPTH level was 249 pg/mL (SD=208) and mean serum calcium level was 11.4 ± 0.9 mg/dL (± SD). In all but 4 patients, final intraoperative iPTH levels normalized to less than 67 ± 41 pg/mL (mean, 35 pg/mL). One week after operation, serum calcium levels had returned to normal (mean, 9.4 ± 1.1 pg/mL), which directly correlated with the final intraoperative serum iPTH values (Pearson correlation, r = −.434; P <.01). By 1 month, all but 2 patients were normocalcemic (mean, 9.4 ± 0.9 pg/mL) with a mean iPTH level of 74.8 ± 82 pg/mL. There was no correlation between final intraoperative and postoperative serum iPTH values (r =.099; P <.533). Both patients with persistent hypercalcemia at 1 month had appropriate intraoperative decreases in iPTH values. Conclusions. Intraoperative serum iPTH levels significantly correlate with postoperative serum calcium levels but not with postoperative serum iPTH levels. There was a 4.8% failure rate in the correction of postoperative serum calcium levels and a 29% failure rate in the normalization of postoperative serum iPTH levels. (Surgery 2000;128:930-6.)
Diurnal and seasonal patterns of particulate sulfur and sulfuric acid in St. Louis, July 1977–June 1978

Abstract Continuous measurements of paniculate sulfur and sulfuric acid were taken in St. Louis over a one year period using the in-situ thermal analysis-flame photometric method. These measurements were used to calculate average diurnal patterns for each quarter of the year and also the seasonal pattern for one year. Enhanced formation of paniculate sulfur during the daytime hours of spring and summer is indicated by an afternoon concentration increase of about 20%. The diurnal patterns of aerosol acidity and charge (a bulk measure of 0.01–0.1 μm panicles) also support this notion. Paniculate sulfur and light scattering coefficient exhibited moderate seasonal variation. For the third quarter, paniculate sulfur concentration was higher than the annual mean by 40% and light scattering coefficient was higher by 25 %.
The idea of environment in a historical perspective of human population

The history of environment in human terms is the history of knowing... and of not knowing... about the nature and extent of human interactions with that environment. In recent human history, those interactions (with the environment and among people) have accelerated dramatically. Human-environment relationships are complicated by that acceleration and by the resulting increases in levels of complexity. The acceleration requires a re-definition, in global terms, of what environment means and a greatly increased awareness on the part of individual people of the changes in the interaction patterns and of the resulting changes in environment, both in perception and in reality. A transcendent awareness could radically change the forms of human institutions, especially those of law and ethics. Such changes might then allow humans to temper their exchanges with and impacts on the environment.
Bottom-up Mediation of an Ant-Membracid Mutualism: Effects from Different Host Plants

The relationship between the membracid, Publilia modesta, and the tending ant, Formica obscuripes, was either a mutualism or commensalism depending on the host plant species. Experimental manipulation of the presence of ants in two different years indicated that the presence of ants had a positive effect on nymph numbers on both host plants, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus and Wyethia spp. However, Wyethia spp. senesced before membracid nymphs reached adulthood, causing extensive mortality of membracids. In contrast, C. viscidiflorus plants senesced after nymphs had developed into adults. The increased number of nymphs in the presence of ants translated into more new adults on C. viscidiflorus, but not on Wyethia spp. Poor host plant choices may render the presence of ants irrelevant for such insects on some host plants. Being a host plant generalist may lead to significant variability in the outcomes of mutualistic interactions.
Duality and Multi - Gluon Scattering

Abstract For the six-gluon scattering process we give explicit and simple expressions for the amplitude and its square. To achieve this we use an analogy with string theories to identify a unique procedure for writing the multi-gluon scattering amplitudes in terms of a sum of gauge invariant dual sub-amplitudes multiplied by an appropriate color (Chan-Paton) factor. The sub-amplitudes defined in this way are invariant under cyclic permutations, satisfy powerful identities which relate different non-cyclic permutations and factorize in the soft gluon limit, the two-gluon collinear limit and on multi-gluon poles. Also, to leading order in the number of colors these sub-amplitudes sum incoherently in the square of the full matrix element. The results contained here are important for Monte Carlo studies of multi-processes at hadron colliders as well as for understanding the general structure of QCD.
Effect of Interparticle Interactions on Aerosol Formation and Growth

A generalized treatment of diffusive transport between an assemblage of growing droplets and a surrounding supersaturated medium is presented. The analysis is applied to an array containing a finite number of symmetrically arranged monodisperse droplets, and analytical expressions are obtained for the transient supersaturation and growth rate of each droplet in the array as functions of the separation distance between droplets and number of interacting droplets. The average nucleation rate in the region surrounding the droplets is calculated from the solution of the supersaturation field. The interparticle interactions are shown to depend on the size, number density, and position of the droplet and to retard the nucleation and growth rates.
Orbiter Trajectory Analysis for a Two-Stage Reusable Launch Vehicle

Trajectory analysis performed on NASA's reference two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle upper stage will be presented. The work was completed in support of the Hypersonics Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization effort for the NASA-Air Force Joint System Study. Three degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) untrimmed trajectory analysis was performed for the orbiter ascent, closure and re-entry. An iterative closure process resulted in a 333,000 lb initial mass for the orbiter. The re-entry trajectory satisfied heating constraints for all payload out cases and met the constraints with reduced margins for payload in cases. Abort trajectories for engine out at staging, engine out during ascent, and failure to circularize in orbit, gave insight to the robustness of the orbiter. A trimmed ascent trajectory defined an engine gimbal location and the body flap angle best suited for maximizing injected mass. A trimmed re-entry trajectory revealed a need to update the trim routine to accommodate full flap aerodynamic data.
Modeling and Optimization Analysis of Single Flagellum Bacterial Motion

Bacteria such as Rhodobacter sphaeroides use a single flagellum for propulsion and change of orientation. Simple organisms such as this have inspired nanorobotic designs with potential applications in medicine which motivates the present work. In this article, an elastic model for a single flagellum bacterium is presented and followed by an analysis of the system based on optimization. The model is based on the method of Regularized Stokeslet which allows for a discretization of the system into particles which are connected by spring forces. An optimal elasticity distribution that maximizes the mean forward speed is obtained. These elasticity coefficients are obtained through the use of an adjoint-based optimization scheme. The results are illustrated through a simulation showing improvement on the swimming patter of the bacteria.
Tradition, Modernity, and Democracy: The Many Promises of Islam

Pragmatism, decentralization, and pluralism are typically associated with modern democracies. Yet these are also the attributes that make Islam a widely accessible political-cultural resource. Indeed, such attributes allow for multiple activisms while sparing activists the macro-coordination challenges that often hamper growing movements, and the inertia that can seize vertical organizations. But while Islamists across the spectrum have increasingly deployed this resource, secularists of various stripes have mostly eschewed it. The aggregate effect has been to amplify the voices and to raise the profiles of Islamist groups at the expense of self-described moderns and their secular ideologies. I call this Islamism's reverberation effect. Deliberate integration of Islamic tradition with democratic thought and action holds substantial promise. Pro-democratic Mus lims, backed by Islam's renovated classical principles and practices, can better counter supremacist claims as they arise in the plural contestations that Islam itself helps generate. They can also realistically seek a firm consensus on the inviolable status of Islamic tolerance, which in turn can serve as a functional equivalent to the central authority that Islam lacks. Most importantly, by recon sidering the modernist ideational boundary that separates religion and politics, pro-democratic Muslims can begin to reclaim the transformative power of tradition.
Localization of 5-methylcytosine in human metaphase chromosomes by immunoelectron microscopy

Abstract Human metaphase chromosomes, fixed in methanol-acetic acid, were ultraviolet irradiated to produce single-stranded regions of chromosomal DNA and treated with anti-5-methylcytidine. Using an immunoperoxidase procedure, regions of antibody binding were readily visualized by light microscopy in the centromeric heterochromatin regions of chromosomes 1, 9, 16, the short arm of chromosome 15, and in the distal portion of the Y. Electron microscopic visualization of the same whole mount chromosome preparations transferred to formvar-coated grids revealed additional details of the distribution and arrangement of 5-methylcytosine. A helical arrangement of 5-methylcytosine residues was seen below the centromere of chromosome 1. The Y chromosome showed a concentration of 5-methylcytosine residues on the distal long arm, and in areas just below and slightly above the centromere. In all the above chromosomes, especially chromosome 15, additional 5-methylcytosine residues were detected as isolated foci along the arms. Our findings support the concept that clusters of similar purine or pyrimidine residues exist along the arms of condensed metaphase chromosomes, with the possibility that concentrations of 5-methylcytosine residues might have been enhanced at the surface of the chromosomes during the condensation process.
History and the Claims of Revelation: Joseph Smith and the Materialization of the Golden Plates1

AbstractThe Mormon claim that Joseph Smith discovered ancient golden plates buried in a hillside in upstate New York is too often viewed in simple either/or terms, such that the plates either existed, making Smith the prophet he claimed to be, or did not, making him deceptive or delusional. If we assume that there were no ancient golden plates and at the same that Smith was not a fraud, then the task of historical explanation is more complex. Building on a review of the evidence for the materiality of the plates, the paper uses a series of comparisons — between the golden plates and sacred objects in other religious traditions, between Smith’s claims and claims that psychiatrists define as delusional, and between Smith’s role as a seer and the role of the artist and the physician as skilled perceivers — to generate a greater range of explanatory options. In light of these comparisons, we can view the materialization of the golden plates in naturalistic terms as resulting from an interaction between an individual with unusual abilities, intimate others who recognized and called forth those abilities, and objects that facilitated the creation of both the revelator and the revelation.
Microfluidic neurotransmiter-based neural interfaces for retinal prosthesis

Natural inter-neuronal communication is mediated primarily via neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. While most of the methods for neural interfacing have been based upon electrical stimulation, neurotransmitter-based approaches for the spatially and temporally controlled delivery of neurotransmitters are relatively new. Methods of neurotransmitter stimulation retinal prosthesis may provide new ways to control neural excitation. Experimental results for retinal ganglion cell stimulation demonstrate the feasibility of a neurotransmitter-based retinal prosthesis.
An interrogative approach to novice programming

Domain specific programming languages tend to be rigid in capability, and dependent on either a graphical interface or a scripting language. We present a question-oriented approach that requires no prior knowledge of programming and can be easily adapted to a wide range of domains. Interrogative programming works by "parsing" the user's intent using the responses to a series of closed-ended questions. Questions are guided by a context free grammar specified in an external file. We discuss the benefits, capabilities and limitations of interrogative programming along with the results of recent usability studies with our prototype.
Barriers to implementing the Leapfrog Group recommendations for intensivist physician staffing: A survey of intensive care unit directors

Abstract Purpose The Leapfrog Group, representing a consortium of health care purchasers, has promoted standards for intensive care unit (ICU) staffing in nonrural areas. The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of the Leapfrog standards among ICU directors and determine the potential barriers to implementing these standards. Materials and Methods We performed a telephone survey of physician ICU directors using a stratified random sample of hospitals in the Committee on Manpower for Pulmonary Critical Care Societies database. Results Seventy-two ICUs in 72 hospitals were surveyed. Forty-seven ICUs responded to telephone inquires. Of these, 21 (45%) could identify an ICU director, 20 of which answered questions about their own hospital's compliance. Only 5 ICU directors (25%) cited current compliance with the Leapfrog standard for intensivist staffing. Of the 15 directors not in compliance, 13 were motivated to adopt the recommendations in the future. Loss of control, loss of income, and increased cost to hospital administration were cited as important barriers to implementing the recommendations. Increased availability of intensivists, increased funds from hospital administrators, and assistance from government and third parties were viewed as important potential solutions to these barriers. Conclusions Numerous barriers exist to implementing the Leapfrog recommendations for intensivist staffing, not the least of which is the lack of an ICU director in many hospitals. Better strategies are needed to overcome these barriers before the widespread adoption of an intensivist care model similar to Leapfrog is feasible.
Pulse dispersion in a gyrotropic plasma

The dispersion of nanosecond electromagnetic pulses in a longitudinally magnetized plasma confined in a coaxial transmission line is observed experimentally. The transient response exhibits weakly damped oscillations characteristic of the natural frequencies of a bounded gyrotropic plasma. Measurements of the pulse dispersion caused by reflection from the plasma interface and transmission through the plasma are compared with theoretical results obtained on the basis of a dielectric model of the plasma, in which ion motion and random motions of electrons are neglected.
Effects of Poultry Fat and Yellow Grease on Broiler Performance and Profitability

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of poultry fat (PF) or yellow grease (YG) when fed to broilers. Experiments 1 and 2 were duplicate, 21-day studies, and Experiment 3 compared the fats over a 42-day period. Treatments for Experiments 1 and 2 consisted of six replicates of eight battery-housed chicks that were fed 5% added fat as all PF, all YG, or PF: YG blends of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, or 50:50. In Experiment 3, five replicate pens of 70 day-old broiler chicks were floor-reared and fed either all PF, all YG, or a 50:50 blend in diets containing 3.0 and 3.5% added fat in starter and finisher diets, respectively. Factored across fat source were two different fat stabilization times: 1) fresh from the rendering plant; and 2) held under feed mill conditions for 7 days. All fat combinations performed comparably in terms of body weight, feed intake, feed conversion, and mortality rate. Fatty acid content and fat quality factors, including 20-h active oxygen method (AOM) determinations, were similar among fat sources. In Experiment 3, no differences were found due to stabilization time. Return over feed cost was not affected by any of the fat and stabilization time treatment combinations. No association was found between bird performance and AOM, suggesting that a better analytical procedure of fat quality was warranted. At levels tested, YG and PF-YG blends were found to be as suitable a feed fat source as PF.
Fluorescence-based nitric oxide sensing by Cu(II) complexes that can be trapped in living cells.

A series of symmetrical, fluorescein-derived ligands appended with two derivatized 2-methyl-8-aminoquinolines were prepared and spectroscopically characterized. The ligands FL2, FL2E, and FL2A were designed to improve the dynamic range of previously described asymmetric systems, and the copper complex Cu2(FL2E) was constructed as a trappable NO probe that is hydrolyzed intracellularly to form Cu2(FL2A). The ligands themselves are only weakly emissive, and the completely quenched Cu(II) complexes, generated in situ by combining each ligand with 2 equiv of CuCl2, were investigated as fluorescent probes for nitric oxide. Upon introduction of excess NO under anaerobic conditions to buffered solutions of Cu2(FL2), Cu2(FL2E), and Cu2(FL2A), the fluorescence increased by factors of 23 ± 3, 17 ± 2, and 27 ± 3, respectively. The corresponding rate constants for fluorescence turn-on were determined to be 0.4 ± 0.2, 0.35 ± 0.05, and 0.6 ± 0.1 min−1. The probes are highly specific for NO over other biologically relev...
Density: Reduced‐state correlations for the inert gases

The principle of corresponding states has been adopted to the correlation of densities and found to be applicable for nonopolar substances when the critical compressibility factor is introduced as an independent parameter. For the inert gases, densities available in the literature for the gaseous and liquid states have been referred to their critical densities to produce reduced-state correlations which are identical only when their corresponding critical compressibility factors are the same. As a result, a consolidated reduced density correlation for zc = 0.291 has been developed from experimental data for argon, krypton, and xenon. Although the zc values for helium and neon are essentially alike, different reduced-state correlations for these substances were found to exist. This behavior is expected in view of the radical nature of helium, which can be accounted for by its excessive quantum deviation. Therefore the reduced density correlation for neon (zc = 0.307) is selected as representative of that class of substances having similar zc values. The validity of both correlations has been extended beyond the monatomic gases to include substances having comparable critical compressibility factors. With the generalized chart for zc = 0.291 gaseous densities at elevated temperatures and pressures have been calculated for nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, and methane to produce an average deviation of 1.4% from reported values in the literature. For these substances the average deviation becomes 1.5% for densities in the liquid state. With the reduced density chart for neon (zc = 0.307) densities calculated for hydrogen (zc = 0.305) in the gaseous region produced an average deviation of 2.5% and covered pressures in excess of 500 atm. and temperatures as high as 500°C.
The Effect of Exercise During Pregnancy on Maternal Outcomes: Practical Implications for Practice

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that women with low-risk pregnancies participate in moderate- intensity exercise during their pregnancy. Currently, only 15.1% of pregnant women exercise at the recommended levels, which is significantly lower than the general population's 45%. One potential reason is that exercise during pregnancy is perceived as risky. In this article, the authors provide a critical review of the literature examining the effect of exercise on preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, weight gain, labor and birth, and other issues associated with pregnancy. Overall, the evidence indicates that exercise during pregnancy is safe and perhaps even reduces the risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. The evidence for weight gain and labor and birth (rates of cesarean sections, duration of labor) is mixed. Unfortunately, much of the research examining exercise during pregnancy is observational, and the few randomized controlled trials that do exist are small and inadequately powered. Taken together, given the potential benefits of exercise during pregnancy and the lack of evidence for harmful effects on the mother and newborn, practitioners should encourage their healthy pregnant patients to exercise. Practical guidelines for recommending exercise to pregnant women are presented.
Ubiquitous device collaboration infrastructure: Celadon

As the possession of personal mobile devices has recently become commonplace, the mobile device can act as a mediator between users and services in users' environment and the opportunities, and possibilities for collaboration with mobile devices could also be augmented. We present the project Celadon, an infrastructure to enable on demand collaboration between heterogeneous mobile devices and environmental devices. In this paper, we describe the vision and architecture for Celadon in detail and core components we have implemented to date.
Vaginal fluid adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in the rat: interaction with sperm cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunits.

Cyclic AMP (adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate) concentrations were determined in rat vaginal fluids throughout the estrous cycle. Radioimmunoassay results demonstrated that estrus and early metestrus vaginal fluids had significantly (p < 0.01) elevated cAMP concentrations compared to pro-estrus, late metestrus, and early and late diestrus. Ovariectomy reduced RIA-detectable cAMP in vaginal fluid. When cauda sperm were preincubated for 5 min with vaginal fluids from each stage of the estrous cycle, results demonstrated that only estrus- and early metestrus-stage vaginal fluids caused a decrease in [32P]-8N3cAMP (8-azido photoaffinity analogue of cAMP) photolabeling of sperm cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunits RI and RII. To examine if this reduction in [32P]-8N3cAMP photoincorporation by sperm RI and RII could be due to endogenous cAMP, vaginal fluids were boiled, trypsinized, and/or incubated with EGTA or phosphodiesterase. Only phosphodiesterase-treated vaginal fluids restored sperm regu...
Developing a Knowledge-based Information System (KISCCES) for Construction Cost Estimating and Scheduling

The research project is to develop a Knowledge-Based Information System for Construction Cost Estimating and Scheduling (KISCCES). To accomplish the research goal, the researchers develops a prototype project management system that can produce pictorial data to all involved parties, cost and schedule in nearly realtime basis. The scope of the research project includes transferring pictorial data via the wireless network, measuring construction productivity using time-lapse video, and developing a graphical user interface for cost estimating and scheduling. The tasks for this project are outlined as follows: conduct literature review, purchase necessary software and hardware, define measurement data for each activity, conduct field experiments in construction projects to transmit time-lapse video wirelessly and consistently, and develop a prototype graphical user interface to estimate cost and duration on a nearly real-time basis. Upon development of the KISCCES, the researchersevaluatethe estimated cost and schedule by statistically comparing it with estimates by construction industry experts.
AWE macromodels of VLSI interconnect for circuit simulation

Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation (AWE) has been successfully applied to the evaluation of linear(ized) models of digital system interconnect. What remains is to interface AWE models with the nonlinear rnodels of drivers and terminations that must be taken into account in order to obtain accurate timing information of the overall circuit/system. This paper describes an approach for obtaining time-domain macromodels of linear RLC interconnect that can be easily integrated into any circuit simulator. Based on generalized n-port descriptors, the technique can also be utilized to efficiently synthesize accurate driving-point models that reflect the loading characteristics of complex interconnect systems.
A fast and stable explicit integration method by matrix exponential operator for large scale circuit simulation

In this paper, we present a fast and stable explicit numerical integration method. Our method utilizes matrix exponential operator to compute numerical solution of the ordinary differential equations of circuits to avoid the stability issue. A matrix partition algorithm and a numerical approximation are proposed to reduce the complexity of matrix exponential and matrix inverse operation. Experimental results show that our method is stable and efficient. Our method is over two times faster than backward Euler on average.
A 2DRF pulse sequence for bolus tracking in hyperpolarized 13C imaging

Purpose A novel application of two-dimensional (2D) spatially selective radiofrequency (2DRF) excitation pulses in hyperpolarized imaging is proposed for monitoring the bolus injection with highly efficient sampling of the initially polarized substrate, thus leaving more polarization available for detection of the subsequently generated metabolic products. Methods A 2DRF pulse was designed with a spiral trajectory and conventional clinical gradient performance. To demonstrate the ability of our 2DRF bolus tracking pulse sequence, hyperpolarized [1- ]pyruvate in vivo imaging experiments were performed in normal rats, with a comparison to 1DRF excitation pulses. Results Our designed 2DRF pulse was able to rapidly and efficiently monitor the injected bolus dynamics in vivo, with an 8-fold enhanced time resolution in comparison with 1DRF in our experimental settings. When applied at the pyruvate frequency for bolus tracking, our 2DRF pulse demonstrated reduced saturation of the hyperpolarization for the substrate and metabolic products compared to a 1DRF pulse, while being immune to ±0.5 ppm magnetic field inhomogeneity at 3T. Conclusion 2DRF pulses in hyperpolarized imaging can be used to efficiently monitor the bolus injection with reduced hyperpolarization saturation compared to 1DRF pulses. The parameters of our design are based on clinical scanner limits, which allows for rapid translation to human studies. Magn Reson Med 74:506–512, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Role of Phytotoxins in Specificity

In his lecture, Brian indicated that Phytotoxins which selectively damage plants susceptible to the pathogen involved provide the clearest examples of agents which determine specificity in plant-pathogen interactions. Five years ago, a preceding Institute was devoted entirely to the role of Phytotoxins in plant disease. In the published proceedings of the Institute, Graniti (8) addressed problems of terminology and classification of toxins associated with plant diseases. Without retracing that ground, I should like to discuss briefly two terms, pathotoxin and host-specific toxin.
Comparison of 2D-3D Measurements of Hallux and First Ray Sagittal Motion in Patients With and Without Hallux Valgus

Background:Clinicians base treatment decisions on measures of hallux and first ray motion in the management of first metatarsophalangeal joint disorders. Women account for a majority of the patients. This study assessed the reliability of a 2D approach for the measurements of sagittal motion, and compared the result to a Cardan (3D) angle criterion standard and evaluated how hallux valgus (bunion) deformity affected the comparisons.Methods:Twenty-nine women (controls n = 10; bunion n = 19) were examined using a retrospective repeated measures design. Weightbearing magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired to replicate the position of the foot during the stance phase of gait. The images were reconstructed into virtual bone models using computer processes, whereby measures of hallux and first ray motion were represented by 2D and 3D methods of measurement. An examiner measured 2D motion on the image data sets using a goniometer, and reliability was assessed. The 3D Cardan angle result was derived from a ...
Brief of Amicus Curiae Professor Kristin E. Hickman in Support of Petitioners, Florida Bankers Ass'n v. US Dep't of the Treasury, No. 15-969 (United States Supreme Court)

This amicus brief was filed before the United States Supreme Court, supporting the petition for certiorari in Florida Bankers Association v. United States Department of the Treasury, No. 15-969. The case concerns whether the Anti-Injunction Act, 26 U.S.C. s. 7421(a), precludes pre-enforcement judicial review of challenges against the validity of Treasury regulations under the Administrative Procedure Act. The brief explains the context and implications of the resolution of that issue for federal tax system administration and also maintains that the D.C. Circuit disregarded clear evidence of congressional intent in favor of a narrow interpretation of the Anti-Injunction Act that would allow judicial review of pre-enforcement APA claims against Treasury regulations.
Emergent reversal of vitamin K antagonists: addressing all the factors.

Abstract Background Reversal of warfarin-induced coagulopathy after traumatic injury may be done exclusively with prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs). No direct comparisons between different PCC regimens exist to guide clinical decision-making. Our institution has used 2 distinct PCC strategies for warfarin reversal; a 3-Factor PCC (Profilnine) combined with activated Factor VII (3F-PCC+rVIIa), and a 4-Factor PCC (Kcentra) given without additional factor supplementation. Methods Retrospective review of all PCC administrations to trauma patients with acute bleeding who were taking warfarin before injury. Primary endpoints were international normalized ratio (INR) reduction, in-hospital mortality, and diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Results Eighty-seven patients were identified from 2011 to 2015. Fifty-three were treated with 3F-PCC+rVIIa and 34 with 4F-PCC. Patient demographics, injury severity, and presenting laboratory data were similar. The 3F-PCC+rVIIa produced a lower median (IQR) INR postreversal compared with 4F-PCC (.75 (.69, 1.00) vs 1.28 (1.13, 1.36), P P =.51). In the 4F-PCC group, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of DVT (2.9% vs 22.6%), P P = .08). Conclusions Use of 4F-PCC for warfarin reversal after traumatic hemorrhage is associated with a less severe decrease in INR, a significant reduction in DVT rates and a trend toward reduced mortality when compared with similar patients treated with 3F-PCC+rVIIa.
The hungry, crowded competitive world

The author says Americans are only considering recent trends, current events, and neatly quantified aggregates with all too little appreciation of the preferences and actual behavior of the rank and file of poor people throughout the world. Lack of consideration for historical perspectives has resulted in the pessimism and loss of faith in America and in humanity. The author cites many examples of transitory events (the 1973--75 food grain prices, the decline of death rates in low-income countries) to plead with America to sort its bleak perceptions. Advances in agricultural practices and increased life spans even in low-income countries are cited to help dispel the pessimism that exists on feeding the world. (MCW)
Hybrid oxygen-responsive reflective Bragg grating platforms.

Oxygen responsive sensor platforms were fabricated by pin printing tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) ([Ru(dpp)3]2+) doped sols onto wavelength tuned reflective Bragg gratings. In an epi-luminescence configuration, these Bragg gratings (Gr) were designed to selectively reflect the O2 responsive [Ru(dpp)3]2+ emission toward the detector to enhance the detected signal magnitude. The xerogel based sensors were formed onto (i) glass (XGl), (ii) directly on top of the grating (XGrGl), or (iii) on the glass substrate opposite the grating (XGlGr). The results show that all sensors exhibit linear, statistically equivalent O2 sensitivities, and the XGrGl platform yields up to an 8-fold increase in relative detected analytical signal (RDAS) in comparison to the control (XGl) platform.
Effects of Polycrystalline Cu Substrate on Graphene Growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Chemical vapor deposition of graphene on Cu often employs polycrystalline Cu substrates with diverse facets, grain boundaries (GBs), annealing twins, and rough sites. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and Raman spectroscopy on graphene and Cu, we find that Cu substrate crystallography affects graphene growth more than facet roughness. We determine that (111) containing facets produce pristine monolayer graphene with higher growth rate than (100) containing facets, especially Cu(100). The number of graphene defects and nucleation sites appears Cu facet invariant at growth temperatures above 900 °C. Engineering Cu to have (111) surfaces will cause monolayer, uniform graphene growth.
Problematic identities in the novels of Alessandro Perissinotto

This article proposes an analysis of characterization in the narrative production of Alessandro Perissinotto. In particular, it aims to establish a relation between the construction of problematic ...
Analysis of surveillance of Vibrio cholerae in Liwan District of Guangzhou City in 2007 ~2012

Objective To analyze the monitoring data of Vibro cholerae from 2007 to 2012 in Liwan District ofGuangzhou City, and provide scientific basis for cholera prevention and control. Method In accordance of SurveillanceStrategy of Cholera in Guangzhou and Manual of Vibrio Cholerae Control and Prevention(5th edition), the stool samples ofdiarrhea patients and focus groups, food,aquatic products and external environment water were detected, isolated andidentified.Result Twenty thousand six hundred and eighty-seven samples were collected during 2007 to 2012 and Vibriocholera was found in 19 samples(0.09%). 7 samples in 16 319 diarrhea patients were detected(0.04%), 0 of 446 samples infocus group(0.00%), 8 of 2 104 fishery products(0.38%, mostly in bullfrogs). 4 of 1 818 samples of external environment water(0.22%). Serotyping showed that there were 11 inaba strains, 6 ogawa strains and 2 O139 strains in the 19 positive samples.The results ofmajor virulence gene detection was negative. Conclusion V. cholera existed in external environmental andaquatic products in Liwan District, monitoring of the bullfrogs be strengthened for making control and preventive measure.