cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectrum of an Organic Peroxide

Abstract Phenanthrene ozonide and methanol combine under acid catalysis to produce a 1:1 adduct, mp 180–181°, assigned structure 1 on the basis of C-H analysis and infrared spectrum.1,2 Although β,β′-dihydroxyalkylperoxides have been isolated from equilibrium mixtures of aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide, they are rarely if ever as thermally stable as the phenanthrene ozonide:methanol adduct.3
Mieć się na baczności przed Behemotem i Lewiatanem

The book of Job is unique in that it is the only Old Testament book that is wholly dedicated to the problem of suffering – using Job’s suffering as a paradigm. In this respect, there are five viewpoints about suffering (those of Job, his wife, and his three friends) in the prose narrative (1:1–2:13; 42:7–17), and six viewpoints (those of Job, his three friends, Elihu, and God) in the poetic debate (3:1–42:6). Insofar as God’s response is concerned, it is often argued that God has no divine solution to the problem of (Job’s) suffering and has therefore resorted to divine intimation. This essay argues that God does indeed offer a divine perspective of the problem of suffering, and it is to be found in God’s speech about Behemoth and Leviathan (40:15–41:34) – creatures with monstrous power, capable of creating great havoc, which only God can control. Insofar as they are creatures created by God, they are not dangerous or evil in themselves. Bad experiences only occur when humans fail to ignore their potential for evil, thinking that they can fiddle with them and get away scot-free. Suffering, as a result of human disregard, is almost certain, and it has nothing to do with God.
Xochicalco: urban growth and state formation in central Mexico.

The appearance of regional city-states in pre-Hispanic Central Mexico corresponds with the disruption of socioeconomic relationships throughout Teotihuacan's political domain after 650 A.D. Surface reconnaissance and mapping at Xochicalco provided information on the growth and organization of one of these urban centers. The data indicate that Xochicalco was a well-planned urban center and capital of a regional city-state that extended its domain throughout western Morelos by military conquest.
The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics is associated with a reduced incidence of impairment on cognition in elderly women.

The effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) and diuretics (used as antihypertensive agents) on global and domain-specific cognitive decline were evaluated in 326 non-demented community-dwelling participants over the age of 70 years in the Women's Health and Aging Study II. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used for evaluating the association between parameters. The use of ACE-I for more than 3 years was associated with reduced incidence of impairment on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trail Making Test-Part A and Part B (TMT, Parts A and B), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Immediate Recall (HVLT-I), and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Delayed Recall (HVLT-D). The use of diuretics for more than 3 years was associated with reduced incidence of impairment on MMSE, TMT, Parts A and B, HVLT-I, and (HVLT-D). The presence of vascular disease did not make any difference to these effects. Therefore, the use of ACE-Is or diuretics was associated with reduced incidence of impairment of both global and domain-specific cognition in elderly women, and may help delay progression to dementia. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2008); 84, 1, 119–126 doi:10.1038/sj.clpt.6100483
Plant glycoprotein biosynthesis. Uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase from horseradish root.

Abstract A particulate enzyme preparation from horseradish root tissue was shown to catalyze the transfer of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d -[14C1]glucose from uridine diphosphate 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d -[14C1]glucose to an exogenous acceptor molecule derived from horseradish peroxidase. The acceptor was produced from purified peroxidase by the action of a mixture of glycoside hydrolases covalently bound to Sepharose. The membrane preparation containing the transferase was purified approximately 12-fold by aqueous two phase distribution and by discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Hydrolysis of the reaction product yielded glucosamine as the only radiolabeled substance. Precipitation of the reaction product by antiserum against peroxidase showed that the label was incorporated into peroxidase. The transferase utilized the acceptor most efficiently when only 12% of the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d -glucose was removed from the acceptor. The acceptor lost no accepting capabilities when heated to 100°C for 3 min prior to assay. Trypsin treatment caused a 14% decrease in label incorporated while pronase treatment caused a 93% decrease.
Zeolite (MFI) Crystal Morphology Control Using Organic Structure-Directing Agents

The effect of structure-directing agents (SDAs) on zeolite particle morphology and crystal structure was studied. Dimers and trimers of tetrapropylammonium hydroxidethe SDA of siliceous ZSM-5 (silicalite-1, structure type MFI)lead to direct growth of the same framework but with drastically different crystal morphologies. Control over relative crystal growth rates along the three main crystallographic axes is demonstrated by obtaining crystals with their longest dimension along any of these axes. Unit cell dimensions and crystal structure were determined by refinement based on powder X-ray diffraction data and electron microscopy, respectively. The importance of the new morphologies in thin film molecular sieve technology along with possible crystal growth mechanisms is discussed.
Steering and horizontal motion control in insect-inspired flapping-wing MAVs: The tunable impedance approach

Inspired by insect flight, flapping-wing micro-aerial vehicles (FWMAVs) are an ongoing design problem, posing exceptional challenges in morphological construction, force production, and control methodology. Some impressive initial results have emerged from work focused on generating sufficient lift force for levitation or vertical acceleration [1]; however, effective methods for motion control remain an open problem. In this work, we propose and analyze a simplified approach to the FWMAV maneuvering problem that 1) focuses on motion control and steering in the horizontal plane and 2) employs a wing design that relies on tunable passive dynamics to set the angle of attack. Our simulated experiments with this method demonstrate an exceptional capability in handling pitch tracking and steering maneuvers, even in presence of measurement noise. We compare the performance of our approach with that of another promising technique for steering: the “split cycle” [2]. Simulation results suggest that in our approach, steering maneuvers and planar motion are both faster and smoother. Furthermore, a passive dynamic control approach in FWMAV proves to have considerably lower bandwidth requirements. We will discuss how this is advantageous when designing a real FWMAV.
Japanese Working Class Lives: An Ethnographic Study of Factory Workers

Japanese Working Class Lives: An Ethnographic Study of Factory Workers. James E. Roberson. London: Routledge Press, 1998. vii 227 pp., illustrations, tables, notes, bibliography, index.
Direct Regulation of Bacillus subtilis phoPR Transcription by Transition State Regulator ScoC

Induction of the Pho response in Bacillus subtilis occurs when the P(i) concentrations in the growth medium fall below 0.1 mM, a condition which results in slowed cellular growth followed by entry into stationary phase. The phoPR promoter region contains three sigma(A)-responsive promoters; only promoter P(A4) is PhoP autoregulated. Expression of the phoPR operon is postexponential, suggesting the possibility of a repressor role for a transition-state-regulatory protein(s). Expression of a phoPR promoter-lacZ fusion in a scoC loss-of-function mutant strain grown in low-phosphate defined medium was significantly higher than expression in the wild-type strain during exponential growth or stationary phase. Derepression in the scoC strain from a phoP promoter fusion containing a mutation in the CcpA binding site (cre1) was further elevated approximately 1.4-fold, indicating that the repressor effects of ScoC and CcpA on phoP expression were cumulative. DNase I footprinting showed protection of putative binding sites by ScoC, which included the -10 and/or -35 elements of five (P(B1), P(E2), P(A3), P(A4), and P(A6)) of the six promoters within the phoPR promoter region. P(A6) was expressed in vivo from the phoP cre1 promoter fusion in both wild-type and scoC strains. Evidence for ScoC repression in vivo was shown by primer extension for P(A4) and P(A3) from the wild-type promoter and for P(A4) and P(E2) from the phoP cre1 promoter. The latter may reflect ScoC repression of sporulation that indirectly affects phoPR transcription. ScoC was shown to repress P(A6), P(A4), P(E2), and P(B1) in vitro.
Aqueous oxidation of sulfur dioxide by hydrogen peroxide at low pH

Abstract We have measured the rate of oxidation of aqueous sulfur dioxide species to sulfate and bisulfate by aqueous hydrogen peroxide over the pH range 0–3. The rate of formation of oxidized sulfur is given by: d(S VI ) d t = (8±2) × 10 4 ( H 2 O 2 )(SO 2 .aq ) 0.1+(H + ) mole l −1 s −1 Comparison with the literature shows that this expression describes the data from pH 0 to 5. We show that the expression is consistent with a mechanism suggested by Hoffmann and Edwards [ J. phys. Chem , 79 , 2096–2098 (1975)]. The expression gives atmospheric oxidation rates that are comparable to the rate at which SO 2 can dissolve in aerosols for ppb levels of hydrogen peroxide in the gas phase.
Positive-Pion Photoproduction in the Backward Direction

The reaction $\ensuremath{\gamma}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+n$ has been measured for incident $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energies from 0.7 to 8 GeV and recoil lab angles from 170\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} using the Cornell 10-GeV synchrotron. The data presented here cover the transition region between the resonance region and the high-energy region studied at SLAC. The results are compared with various phenomenological Regge-pole analyses and with similar data on ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ photoproduction taken at DESY.
Myocyte-specific enhancer binding factor 2C expression in gerbil brain following global cerebral ischemia.

Abstract Myocyte-specific enhancer binding factor 2 (MEF2C) is a transcription factor expressed at high levels in brain. In this study, the distribution of MEF2C expression in brain was studied in normal adult gerbils and in adult gerbils subjected to 10 min of global cerebral ischemia. In normal animals, MEF2C-immunoreactivity and messenger RNA expression were detected in cortex, hippocampus, caudate-putamen, thalamus, hypothalamus, and amygdala. Within the hippocampus, MEF2C-immunoreactivity and MEF2C messenger RNA were found in interneurons scattered through the CA fields, a subset of which are parvalbumin-immunoreactive. MEF2C-immunoreactivity and MEF2C messenger RNA were also present in granule cells in the dentate gyrus. MEF2C-immunoreactivity was also detected in microglia in the hippocampus. After transient forebrain ischemia, CA1 pyramidal neurons, which are MEF2C-negative, degenerate whereas MEF2C-positive interneurons survive. Our results thus indicate that MEF2C is a marker for hippocampal neurons that are resistant to ischemia. It remains to be determined whether MEF2C plays a direct role in protecting the neurons that express it from ischemic injury. In addition, MEF2C-immunoreactivity is present in microglia, and, after ischemia, there were increased numbers of MEF2C-immunoreactive microglia in CA1, so MEF2C-immunoreactivity is a marker of both resting and activated microglia.
Intermodal transfer in temporal discrimination

This study determined if training for accuracy in temporal discrimination would transfer across sensory modalities. A fractionation method was used in which subjects bisected the durations of acoustic and visual signals at three standard intervals (6, 12, and 18 sec). Absolute error was the performance index. Half of the subjects were trained with acoustic stimuli and then tested in vision; the remainder were trained in vision and tested in audition. Similar negatively accelerated acquisition functions were noted for both modalities. Positive intermodal transfer, characterized by symmetry across modalities, was obtained at all standard durations. The results were considered to provide support for the notion that a common mechanism underlies temporal discriminations in different sensory systems.
Model-checking and control of self-assembly

Graph grammars can be used to model highly distributed systems where local interaction rules control formation or self-assembly tasks. In this paper, we explore model-checking graph grammar systems, introducing the zero-one-many collapse as a way of reducing the usually enormous number of states and transitions produced by a graph grammar system. From this collapse, we also define a canonical initial graph, that captures some of the characteristic behavior of larger graphs with the same zero-one-many collapse. Finally, we show through examples how these results allow us to effectively reason about the behavior of a graph grammar - and also how to improve a graph grammar based on an analysis of its collapsed Kripke structures.
Improving Collaborative Teacher Education Research Creating Tighter Linkages

Although collaborative teacher education programs have grown in number over the past two decades, we still do not understand the ways in which these programs, or the practices in those programs, improve the preparation of inclusive teachers. At a time when teacher education’s viability is being questioned, it is problematic that little information exists about the validity and impact of collaborative programs. To justify collaborative teacher education programs and improve the science of teacher education more broadly, the authors propose a framework for conducting research on collaborative teacher education—one that can be used to analyze current research and inform future efforts. In this article, the authors build a framework for studying collaborative teacher education, emphasizing linkages among theory, innovation, and outcomes. The authors then analyze the collaborative teacher education literature according to this conceptual framework, drawing conclusions about the current state of collaborative t...
Linkage and association of phospholipid transfer protein activity to LASS4

Phospholipid transfer protein activity (PLTPa) is associated with insulin levels and has been implicated in atherosclerotic disease in both mice and humans. Variation at the PLTP structural locus on chromosome 20 explains some, but not all, heritable variation in PLTPa. In order to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) elsewhere in the genome that affect PLTPa, we performed both oligogenic and single QTL linkage analysis on four large families (n = 227 with phenotype, n = 330 with genotype, n = 462 total), ascertained for familial combined hyperlipidemia. We detected evidence of linkage between PLTPa and chromosome 19p (lod = 3.2) for a single family and chromosome 2q (lod = 2.8) for all families. Inclusion of additional marker and exome sequence data in the analysis refined the linkage signal on chromosome 19 and implicated coding variation in LASS4, a gene regulated by leptin that is involved in ceramide synthesis. Association between PLTPa and LASS4 variation was replicated in the other three families (P = 0.02), adjusting for pedigree structure. To our knowledge, this is the first example for which exome data was used in families to identify a complex QTL that is not the structural locus.
Task Effects Reveal Cognitive Flexibility Responding to Frequency and Predictability: Evidence from Eye Movements in Reading and Proofreading

It is well-known that word frequency and predictability affect processing time. These effects change magnitude across tasks, but studies testing this use tasks with different response types (e.g., lexical decision, naming, and fixation time during reading; Schilling, Rayner, & Chumbley, 1998), preventing direct comparison. Recently, Kaakinen and Hyona (2010) overcame this problem, comparing fixation times in reading for comprehension and proofreading, showing that the frequency effect was larger in proofreading than in reading. This result could be explained by readers exhibiting substantial cognitive flexibility, and qualitatively changing how they process words in the proofreading task in a way that magnifies effects of word frequency. Alternatively, readers may not change word processing so dramatically, and instead may perform more careful identification generally, increasing the magnitude of many word processing effects (e.g., both frequency and predictability). We tested these possibilities with two experiments: subjects read for comprehension and then proofread for spelling errors (letter transpositions) that produce nonwords (e.g., trcak for track as in Kaakinen & Hyona) or that produce real but unintended words (e.g., trial for trail) to compare how the task changes these effects. Replicating Kaakinen and Hyona, frequency effects increased during proofreading. However, predictability effects only increased when integration with the sentence context was necessary to detect errors (i.e., when spelling errors produced words that were inappropriate in the sentence; trial for trail). The results suggest that readers adopt sophisticated word processing strategies to accommodate task demands.
(s, S) Optimality in Joint Inventory-Pricing Control: An Alternate Approach

We study a stationary, single-stage inventory system, under periodic review, with fixed ordering costs and multiple sales levers (such as pricing, advertising, etc.). We show the optimality of (s, S)-type policies in these settings under both the backordering and lost-sales assumptions. Our analysis is constructive and is based on a condition that we identify as being key to proving the (s, S) structure. This condition is entirely based on the single-period profit function and the demand model. Our optimality results complement the existing results in this area.
A fast algorithm for mixed-radix conversion in residue arithmetic

An algorithm based on a partitioning of the coefficient matrix when the mixed-radix conversion problem is cast as a set of linear congruent equations is presented. The algorithm partitions the moduli set into disjoint subsets such that the product of the moduli in each subset is less than the largest integer representable by the computer. It is shown that, with this partitioning strategy, mixed-radix representation of a residue number can be computed using less than O(n/sup 2/) arithmetic steps where n is the cardinality of the moduli set. It is also shown that if a good partitioning exists, then the algorithm requires only O(n/sup 1.5/) arithmetic steps. The algorithm is particularly suitable for single processor implementation of algorithms from the residue number system applications. >
On Complete Functional Broadside Tests for Transition Faults

It was shown before that tests applied under nonfunctional operation conditions, which are made possible by scanning in an unreachable state, may lead to unnecessary yield loss. To address this issue, functional broadside tests were defined as broadside tests that use only reachable states of the circuit as scan-in states. Earlier procedures for generating functional broadside tests were not complete, i.e., they did not always detect all the detectable faults or prove that all the undetectable faults are undetectable. In this paper, we address the completeness of the functional broadside tests for transition faults. We describe the implementation of a test-generation procedure that can, for every transition fault, either find a functional broadside test or prove that the fault is undetectable under the functional broadside tests. We present experimental results where complete results are achieved for almost all the benchmark circuits considered.
Bridging between normal mode analysis and elastic network models

Normal mode analysis (NMA) has been a powerful tool for studying protein dynamics. Elastic network models (ENM), through their simplicity, have made normal mode computations accessible to a much broader research community and for many more biomolecular systems. The drawback of ENMs, however, is that they are less accurate than NMA. In this work, through steps of simplification that starts with NMA and ends with ENMs we build a tight connection between NMA and ENMs. In the process of bridging between the two, we have also discovered several high-quality simplified models. Our best simplified model has a mean correlation with the original NMA that is as high as 0.88. In addition, the model is force-field independent and does not require energy minimization, and thus can be applied directly to experimental structures. Another benefit of drawing the connection is a clearer understanding why ENMs work well and how it can be further improved. We discovered that ANM can be greatly enhanced by including an additional torsional term and a geometry term. Proteins 2014; 82:2157–2168. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparisons of moral reasoning levels between battered and non-battered women

This study investigated the level of moral reasoning of battered and non-battered women. This article reports the findings from a comparison group of battered and non-battered women (N=92) on the Defining Issues Test. The study examined the relationships between a dependent variable—level of moral development—and two independent variables—history of domestic violence and relationship status (separated or joined). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed no significant differences between the moral development of battered and non-battered women. Implications for social work education are discussed and strategies for infusing content on domestic violence are provided.
High power, high efficiency, wide bandwidth amplification using Optically Sourced Isolated Switch Elements

A novel RF/Microwave amplifier is described which simultaneously provides high power and efficiency over four decades of bandwidth and with a size and weight smaller than any existing technology. The amplifier uses a voltage-mode Class-D configuration with high and low side stacked switches. Timing for the switches is provided by a 10 Gb/s optical link operating at a wavelength of 1310 nm. DC power for the switch drivers is provided by a second optical link at 808 nm. By using only optical link connections to the switch elements complete electrical isolation to each element is realized. Simulation results show output powers greater that 150 W with drain efficiencies of at least 55% at bandwidths up to 2 GHz. A circuit has been fabricated that validates the basic amplifier concept and demonstrates initial capabilities.
Advances in channel compensation for SVM speaker recognition

Cross-channel degradation is one of the significant challenges facing speaker recognition systems. We study the problem for speaker recognition using support vector machines (SVMs). We perform channel compensation in SVM modeling by removing non-speaker nuisance dimensions in the SVM expansion space via projections. Training to remove these dimensions is accomplished via an eigenvalue problem. The eigenvalue problem attempts to reduce multisession variation for the same speaker, reduce different channel effects, and increase "distance" between different speakers. We apply our methods to a subset of the Switchboard 2 corpus. Experiments show dramatic improvement in performance for the cross-channel case.
Association of cystic-fibrosis factor to metachromasia of the cultured cystic-fibrosis fibroblast.

Abstract An association between the presence of cystic-fibrosis-factor activity (C.F.F.A.) and metachromasia observed in some cultured C.F. fibroblasts has been demonstrated through cell mixing. Correction of this mutant phenotype (metachromasia and presence of C.F.F.A.) occurred only if there was cell-to-cell contact (i.e., metabolic cooperation) with normal fibroblasts. No correction occurred if metachromatic, C.F.F.A.-positive C.F. fibroblasts were mixed with ametachromatic, C.F.F.A.- negative C.F. fibroblasts thus supporting genetic heterogeneity within this clinically defined disorder.
Restricted mean models for transplant benefit and urgency

The US lung allocation policy estimates each individual's urgency and transplant benefit in defining a lung allocation score (LAS). Transplant benefit, as defined by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Thoracic Committee, is the days of life gained over the following year if transplanted versus not transplanted. Urgency is measured by days of life during the next year without transplant. In both definitions, accurate estimation of wait list days lived, or a wait list restricted mean lifetime, is required. Risk factors are available to estimate patient urgency when listed, with more urgent patients removed from the wait list upon death or transplant. As a patient progresses, priority for transplant (censoring) changes accordingly. Therefore, it is crucial to adjust for dependent censoring in modeling days of life. We develop a model for the restricted mean as a function of covariates, by using pseudo-observations that account for dependent censoring linked to a series of longitudinal measures (LAS). Simulation results show that our method performs well in situations comparable with the LAS setting. Applying wait list and post-transplant model results that account for dependent censoring to wait list patients, we obtain estimates of transplant benefit that are larger for many of the more urgent patients in need of transplant. The difference in LAS for an individual, when properly accounting for dependent censoring, has high impact on the priority and timing of an organ offer for these patients.
Estimation for finite parameter schemes

The object is to indicate the character of results for the approximate maximum likelihood estimation of parameters in nonminimum phase nonGaussian finite parameter schemes. The estimates are asymptotically normal under appropriate smoothness and positivity conditions on the probability density function of the generating independent random variables. The character of the asymptotic covariance matrix is indicated. In the truly nonminimum phase nonGaussian case one does not have consistency using the classical estimates using a Gaussian likelihood. >
Linking customer resources to firm success: The role of marketing program implementation

Abstract Drawing from both resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory, this research investigates how customer resources (i.e., knowledge and network size) influence firm performance through marketing program implementation. The current research shows that customer resources are critical to the development and execution of marketing programs, which can then lead to firm success. Through surveying 269 retailers, this study finds that while customer knowledge directly affects marketing program implementation, it does not directly influence firm performance. In contrast, customer network size not only directly contributes to marketing program implementation and firm performance, but also serves as a significant moderator.
Closure of mesenteric defect can lead to decrease in internal hernias after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Abstract Background Although most surgeons believe that internal hernia (IH) defects should be closed, no general consensus has yet been reached. The published studies have reported conflicting obstruction incidence estimates and variations in location. Some have also argued that closed hernia sites recur. Methods A retrospective review of 2079 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedures performed by 1 surgeon from 2001 to 2009 was conducted. Chi-square analysis compared those performed from 2001 to August 2003 (group 1) with those from September 2003 to 2009 (group 2) for the incidence of IH. Since September 2003, the jejunojejunal anastomotic mesenteric defect has been closed with a running, permanent suture. In contrast, before September 2003, the defect was not closed. Results A total of 37 patients presented with symptomatic IH from 2001 to 2009. A significant difference was found in the proportion of those patients who experienced IH in group 1 (n = 36) compared with those who did so in group 2 (n = 1; P Conclusion The incidence of IH after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass can be reduced with closure of mesenteric defects. IHs can present either acutely with pain and obstructive symptoms or chronically with vague, intermittent postprandial pain.
Prevention of transfusion-associated cytomegalovirus infection in neonatal patients by the removal of white cells from blood.

The usual methods employed to reduce the risk of transfusion-associated cytomegalovirus (TA CMV) disease have been to transfuse blood or cellular blood components that are CMV antibody-negative or to administer deglycerolized frozen red cells. To determine if the reduction of white cells (WBCs) in blood by filtration will also eliminate TA CMV disease in a high-risk population, 48 surviving very low birth weight (less than 1250 g) neonatal infants born to CMV- seronegative mothers at three participating institutions in the Hartford, Connecticut area and receiving at least one CMV-seropositive blood transfusion were studied. The incidence of TA CMV disease in 26 neonatal patients who received blood prepared by a modified spin-cool- filter technique and in 22 neonatal patients who received blood filtered through a WBC-reduction filter was compared with the incidence of transfusion-associated disease in similar populations reported in other studies. The CMV antibody prevalence of the blood donor population was found to be 37 percent. At the time of discharge of the individual neonatal infants in the population studied, and/or 2 to 6 months later, 47 of the 48 who had undergone transfusion had CMV antibody-negative serologic tests and/or urine culture. The other infant transiently seroconverted because of passive transfer of the antibody. None of the 48 neonatal infants had clinical evidence of CMV infection. This study indicates that WBC reduction of donor blood can reduce and perhaps prevent TA CMV disease in high-risk neonatal patients.
Financial conflicts should be included in online abstracts

There should be not only data transparency but also financial transparency.1 Most major medical journals have made financial disclosure mandatory. Yet, now that the internet allows free access to any biomedical abstract, readers of abstracts may be blinded to papers’ relevant financial disclosure unless they have a paid subscription to the journal. I reviewed the ICMJE uniform requirements, the author instructions for 20 journals, including …
GENE FLOW AND THE COEVOLUTION OF PARASITE RANGE

The geographic range of many parasites is restricted relative to that of their hosts. We study possible evolutionary mechanisms for this observation using a simple model that couples coevolution and demography. The model assumes that the environment consists of two habitats connected by movement and that coevolution is governed by quantitative traits. Our results demonstrate that host gene flow is an important determinant of parasite geographic range. Fluctuations in the rate of host gene flow cause shifts in parasite population densities and associated range expansions or contractions. In extreme cases, changing the rate of host gene flow can lead to global extinction of the parasite. Through a process we term demographic compensation, these shifts in parasite density may occur with little or no change in parasite adaptation to the host. As a consequence, reciprocal adaptation between host and parasite can become uncoupled from the rate of host gene flow.
Nonhydrostatic Barotropic Instability: Applicability to Nonsupercell Tornadogenesis

Abstract This paper reports a barotropic instability analysis of nonhydrostatic columnar disturbances in a layer of homogeneous fluid over a flat bottom surface. The extended form of Hamilton's principle of least action is used to obtain the canonical form of Green–Naghdi equations for this model. The basic state has a monotonic shear flow and a variable depth. For values of the parameters supposedly relevant to an environment of nonsupercell tornadoes (NST), the nonhydrostatic effect is found to have significant impacts. It is capable of sufficiently slowing down some short gravity waves so that they resonantly interact with vorticity waves of the same wavelengths in the shear zone to form strongly unstable gravity–vorticity hybrid modes. Their instability properties are by and large compatible with the observed counterparts of NST, such as growth rate, phase speed, length scale, aspect ratio, structure, and energetics. Those results are robust for a reasonable range of each key parameter. Apart from a n...
Development and initial evaluation of the psychometric properties of self-efficacy and adherence scales for patients with a left ventricular assist device.

Context—No tools exist to measure patients' self-efficacy for and adherence to the complex home-care regimen after having a left ventricular device (LVAD) implanted. Objective—To develop 2 new instruments, the LVAD Patient Self-Efficacy Scale (LPSES) and the LVAD Patient Home Management Adherence Scale (LPHMAS), and evaluate their psychometric properties. Methods—This multistage instrumentation study recruited 102 patients (77.5% men and 22.5% women) aged 20 to 82 years, predominantly from the Midwest (34.3%) and the Northeast (26.5%) regions of the United States. Main indications for LVAD were bridge-to-transplant (69.6%) and destination therapy (21.6%), with mean implant duration of 19.9 (SD, 15.5) months. Study participants completed the following instruments: LPSES, LPHMAS, General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Medical Outcomes Study General Adherence (MOSGA), and Self-Care Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) confidence and maintenance subscales. Item analyses, psychometric properties including factorial and co...
Views and causality in discovery: modelling human induction

Our recent efforts have involved modelling “instructionless learning”. This is a sort of induction that human learners exhibit when they are asked to “figure out” complex systems (e.g., programmable toys) without instructions or advice. Instructionless learners often undertake major reorganizations of their theories but may not, in the process, lose the syntax and semantics of particular parts of their theories. How do these reorganizations take place? They do not think very carefully about changes in their theories and therefore rely heavily upon the analysis of errors. How does error recovery work?
Further Studies on Experimental Spondylitis and Intercorporeal Fusion of the Spine

Sound bony ankylosis of the spine almost invariably occurs after pyogenic infection in the intervertebral space. Animal experiments were undertaken to study the mechanism of this process as a possible means of inducing ankylosis of the spine artificially. A single lumbar interspace in each of seventy-four adult mongrel dogs was treated with an irritant (sodium morrhuate, talc, potassium stearate and oleate, or croton oil), a proteolytic enzyme (sterile human gastric juice, clostridial collagenase, or X-108), or a suspension of bacteria (killed Staphylococcus aureus , killed Neisseria gonorrhoeae , or living Staphylococcus aureus ). Solid intercorporeal fusion was obtained in all the twenty-three animals treated with living Staphylococcus aureus . Only one fusion was obtained in the fifty-one animals treated in other ways, and in this instance there appeared to have been a surgical infection in the interspace. A single inflammatory stimulus does not appear to be sufficient to induce interbody fusion in the dog's spinal column. A sustained process in which the intervertebral disc and cartilaginous plates are digested by proteolytic enzymes appears to be required to provide the chemical environment in which the proliferation of new bone and fusion can occur.
Development of Personalized Health Messages to Promote Engagement in Advance Care Planning.

Objectives To develop and test the acceptability of personalized intervention materials to promote advance care planning (ACP) based on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), in which readiness to change is a critical organizing construct. Design Development study creating an expert system delivering TTM-personalized feedback reports and stage-matched brochures with more-general information on ACP and modifications based on participant reviews. Setting Senior centers. Participants Community-living persons aged 65 and older (N = 77). Measurements Participant ratings of length, attractiveness, and trustworthiness of and reactions to reports and brochures. Results The expert system assessed participants’ readiness to engage in each of four ACP behaviors: completion of a living will, naming a health care proxy, communication with loved ones about quality vs quantity of life, and communication with clinicians about quality vs quantity of life. The system also assessed pros and cons of engagement and values and beliefs that influence engagement. The system provided individualized feedback based on the assessment, with brochures providing additional general information. Initial participant review indicating unacceptable length led to revision of feedback reports from full-sentence paragraph format to bulleted format. After review, the majority of participants rated the materials as easy to read, trustworthy, providing new information, making them more comfortable reading about ACP, and increasing interest in participating in ACP. Conclusion Older adults found an expert system individualized feedback report and accompanying brochure to promote ACP engagement to highly acceptable and engaging. Additional research is necessary to examine the effects of these materials on behavior change.
Predicting the merger fraction of Lyα emitters from redshift z ∼ 3 to 7

Rapid mass assembly, likely from mergers or smooth accretion, has been predicted to play a vital role in star formation in high-redshift Lyα emitters. Here, we predict the major merger, minor merger and smooth accreting Lyα emitter fraction from z ≈ 3 to 7 using a large dark matter simulation and a simple physical model that is successful in reproducing many observations over this large redshift range. The central tenet of this model, different from many of the earlier models, is that the star formation in Lyα emitters is proportional to the mass accretion rate rather than the total halo mass. We find that at z ≈ 3 nearly 35 per cent of the Lyα emitters accrete their mass through major (3:1) mergers, and this fraction increases to about 50 per cent at z ≈ 7. This implies that the star formation in a large fraction of high-redshift Lyα emitters is driven by mergers. Comparing our predictions with observations, we find that the model-predicted fractions are relatively larger. While there is discrepancy between the model predictions and observed merger fractions, some of this difference (˜15 per cent) can be attributed to the mass-ratio used to define a merger in the simulation. We predict that future, deeper observations which use a 3:1 definition of major mergers will find ≥30 per cent major merger fraction of Lyα emitters at redshifts ≥3.
Detection and Characterization Capabilities of Time/Amplitude Warping

Time/amplitude warping is an automatic way to align two seismic traces even when time shifts between them are larger than a quarter of a wave period. The results of time/amplitude warping have been qualitative and less informative in predicting underlying physical properties. We demonstrate that pure time/amplitude warping without background velocity information can produce quantitative relative velocity changes for time-lapse applications. Our warping method uses total variation norms for regularization, and piecewise linear basis functions for the time warping function. Although the method can detect and quantify variations in thin beds, accuracy may not be sufficient for reservoir monitoring. We demonstrate that predictions of velocity variations over thicker intervals can be quite accurate, making the approach useful for other applications such as monitoring time-lapse changes in the overburden, or estimating Vp/Vs ratios when registering PP and PS data. We also point out that time/amplitude warping does not destroy 4D signals.
Deficits in Early Stages of Face Processing in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of the P100 Component

Introduction Schizophrenia is associated with deficits in face and affect recognition, which contribute to broader social functioning deficits. The present aim was to conduct a meta-analysis of early face processing in schizophrenia, as indexed by the P100 event-related potential component. Methods Twelve studies (n = 328 patients with schizophrenia, n = 330 healthy controls) of the P100 component during face processing were evaluated by calculating Cohen's d for each study and overall weighted mean effect size (ES). In additional exploratory analyses, moderating influences of method and design were investigated, and the P100 component during face processing was evaluated based on valence: 5 studies (n = 225 patients, n = 225 controls) included neutral stimuli, 5 studies (n = 225 patients, n = 225 controls) included happy stimuli, and 4 studies (n = 209 patients, n = 209 controls) included fearful stimuli. Results The amplitude of the P100 to face stimuli was smaller in patients relative to controls (ES = .41, P .05). Discussion The results indicate that P100 amplitude in response to faces is smaller in patients with schizophrenia, showing that socially relevant visual processing deficits begin earlier in processing than previously suggested. Additionally, the exploratory analyses suggest emotional specificity in these deficits. Ramifications for our understanding of face processing deficits and treatment development are discussed.
Examining the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Selected Diols at Nanoporous and Planar Pt Electrodes

We report on the electrocatalytic oxidation of 1,3-propanediol and the four butanediols at nanoporous Pt and planar solid Pt electrodes under basic conditions. We consider the reactant and Pt morphology dependencies of the electrocatalytic oxidation reactions seen for the diols. Our experimental data point to the oxidation pathway for the diols depending sensitively on the proximity of the hydroxyl groups to one another, with relatively less dependence on whether the hydroxyl functionalities are at primary or secondary positions. For vicinal diols, there are two resolvable oxidation steps, whereas for the 1,4- and 1,3-diols, the multiple processes contributing to the observed oxidation wave are not clearly resolvable. The data for two 1,3-diols show no current density enhancement for nanoporous Pt electrodes, underscoring the central role that the Pt electrode surface morphology plays in determining reaction efficiency.
THE NATURE OF LATE REACTIONS FOLLOWING INTRADERMAL INJECTION OF HETEROLOGOUS ANTI-TISSUE SERA.

SummaryLate lesions with the qualities of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction occur in the skin of rats injected intradermally with rabbit anti-rat tissue sera. These lesions are related to the fixation and persistence of antibodies directed against antigens in the epithelial and mesenchymal basement membranes of skin.
Does moclobemide stimulate melatonin synthesis as the other selective MAO-A inhibitors do?

It has been reported that selective MAO-A inhibitors, clorgyline and brofaromine, but not the MAO-B inhibitors, deprenyl and pargyline, stimulated rat pineal melatonin synthesis in humans and animals. Recent studies, however, found no eflect of moclobemide, a selective MAO-A inhibitor, on human plasma melatonin levels.
Steadfast Views of Disagreement

In this chapter we will examine the case for Steadfast Views of disagreement — views that claim that it is rational to stick to your guns about p even after you have gained evidence that you are party to an idealized disagreement about p. Steadfast Views claim that evidence that you are a party to an idealized disagreement is of no real epistemic significance — this evidence does not affect what doxastic attitude you are justified in adopting toward the disputed proposition. As we saw at the end of the last chapter, Steadfast Views come in two varieties. First, they can claim that evidence that you are party to an idealized disagreement about p does not give you a defeater for your doxastic attitude about p. They can claim that this evidence might be relevant for the justification of some proposition or other, but it is irrelevant to the justification of the disputed proposition itself. Second, they can claim that while evidence that you are a party to an idealized disagreement is a defeater for your doxastic attitude toward the disputed proposition, this defeater is always itself fully defeated, resulting in no change with respect to what attitude you are justified in adopting toward the disputed proposition (or to what degree you are justified in adopting it). What is central to Steadfast Views of disagreement is that gaining evidence that you are party to an idealized disagreement about p does not affect your justification with respect to p.
A Methodology to Evaluate Ease of Disassembly for Product Recycling

Quantitative measures and a procedure for evaluating the ease of disassembly of products when recycling them are presented. A rating scheme is described that allows the designer to translate form properties of a design into quantitative scores, and thus provides a means of identifying weaknesses in the design and comparing alternatives. As part of a broader effort in design for disassembly and recycling, the current work emphasizes the provision of feedback to the designer. The discussion focuses around robotic disassembly for recycling of small electrical appliances; however, the same methodology applies to manual dismantling and other products.
Emotions, Arousal, and Stereotypic Judgments: A Heuristic Model of Affect and Stereotyping

Publisher Summary The heuristic view of stereotyping emphasizes that people use their oversimplified beliefs about social groups as a basis for responding to the members of those groups whenever they lack the desire or the ability to engage in more extensive thought about the individuals. The lack of such desire and/or ability may be common enough under most everyday life circumstances, and it appears that conditions of heightened emotional experience—in particular, anger, anxiety, and happiness—only serve to further reduce the motivation and/or processing capacity. This chapter presents the task of specifying the motivational and cognitive consequences of affective states for information processing. Drawing on the neurological, physiological, and cognitive literatures, Galen V. Bodenhausen develops the hypothesis that some affective states, but not others, produce simplified information processing. He draws out and tests the processing implications of a range of affective states for the use of stereotypic, rather than individuating, information in social perception tasks. The theoretical integration of affective and cognitive processes promises to yield important advances in social psychology generally, but no topic of study seems likely to profit from this reunification more than the study of stereotyping and discrimination.