cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Onychomadesis secondary to penicillin allergy in a child.

A 23-month-old boy presented with a 3-day history of headache, sore throat, and cough. He experienced no fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. On examination, his tonsils were enlarged and red. Most of the child’s fingernails were in the process of sloughing off and being replaced by new growth (Figure). All toenails and fingernails were affected and some of the nails had already dropped off. The nail anomaly was first noticed 2 months before, when oral penicillin V was administered for fever and sore throat. The child developed erythema multiforme minor after the first dose with a generalized erythematous papulovesicular rash, target lesions, and toenail and fingernail changes. Penicillin V was discontinued and he was admitted to the
Feed processing. II. Effect of feeding expanded grain and finely ground hay on milk composition, yield, and rumen metabolism.

Abstract Six Holstein cows receiving an experimental ration of expanded sorghum grain (95–100% gelatinized) and alfalfa hay (finely ground) were compared in a 12-week trial with six Holstein cows fed a control ration of cracked sorghum grain and chopped hay (coarse). Enough grain and hay were fed at a 1:1 ratio to provide estimated net energy requirements. The experimental animals averaged 2.1kg more milk (P
A voltammetric study of aquozinc(II) complexes in methanol

Abstract Results of chronopotentiometric and polarographic determinations of the formation constants of aquozinc(II) complexes in methanol are reported. Chronopotentiometry offers some advantages over polarographic and spectrophotometric methods for studies of this kind.
An ultrasensitive vibrating probe for measuring steady extracellular currents.

We describe a vibrating probe system for measuring relatively steady electrical current densities near individual living cells. It has a signal-to-noise ratio at least 100 times greater than previously available techniques. Thus it can be used to detect current densities as small as 10 nA/cm2 in serum when a 30-µm diameter probe is vibrated at 200 Hz between two points 30 µm apart, and the amplifier's time constant is set at 10 s. Moreover, it should be generally insensitive to interference by concentration gradients. It has been first used to reveal and study 100-s long current pulses which developing fucoid embryos drive through themselves.
Sampling error analysis in perfect reconstruction transmultiplexers

The authors study sampling errors in perfect reconstruction transmultiplexers using QMFs (quadrature mirror filters), conjugate QMFs, and a matrix formalism. They derived an expression for the total spectral leakage as a function of sampling error at the receiver. Simulation results are in close agreement with previously published experimental data. This expression was to detect and correct the sampling errors. Thus, it was possible to preserve the perfect reconstruction property even in the presence of sampling errors. It was observed that the ratio of the crosstalk energy to the main received energy is not a very good measure of the system performance and the reconstructed signal suffers from crosstalk more than indicated by this ratio when the sampling error is increased. >
Large Eddy Simulation of a Near Sonic Turbulent Jet and Its Radiated Noise

In this paper numerical simulations are used to calculate the turbulence dynamics simultaneously with the sound field for a high-speed near-sonic (Ma=0.9) compressible jet at two Reynolds numbers of 3,600 and 72,000. LES (Large Eddy Simulation) in conjunction with accurate numerical schemes is used to calculate the unsteady flow and sound in the near field of the jet. It is shown that the jet mean parameters, mean velocity fields and turbulence statistics are in good agreement with experimental data and results from other simulations. The sound in the near-field is calculated directly from the simulations. The calculations are shown to capture the peak in the dilatation and pressure spectra around a Strouhal number St=0.25-0.3, in agreement with typical jet-noise spectra measured in experiments. Dilatation contours in the near-field show the formation of acoustic waves with a dominant wavelength of 3.2-4 jet diameters, corresponding to the peak in the dilatation spectra. As expected, the non-compact noise sources are found to be most dominant in the region corresponding to the end of the potential core. The contribution of the LES model to the radiated noise appears to be weak and does not contaminate the sound field with spurious high-frequency noise. However, the frequency spectra of the sound show a rapid falloff away from the peak frequency. This is attributed to the quasi-laminar state of the shear-layers in the region prior to potential core closure, and a possible effect of insufficient azimuthal resolution at the observed location. Further analysis of the effect of the LES model, especially at high frequencies, is needed.
Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Genotypes and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Background The variability of the phenotypic expression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) indicates a potential role for additional modifying ...
A Novel MPPT Method Based on the Synthesis of Quasi-Sliding Mode Control and Dynamic Equivalent Impedance Matching Method

A systematic procedure to synthesize dynamic equivalent impedance matching method (EIM) based on the quasi-sliding mode control (QSMC) is presented. Aiming at the existing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods’ limitation on the dynamic response, control accuracy and robustness, in this paper, with a boost converter used, QSMC is introduced on the basis of EIM and the synthesis (EIM&QSMC) which not only improves the tracking speed and accuracy, but also further enhances the robustness. The simulation results show that compared with EIM, on the condition of load impedance and illumination change, the synthesis improves the MPPT system on the ability to adapt the circuit parameter variation, which has better control effect and practical significance. The design and the models are validated by Matlab / Simulink simulations.
Nonprofessional investors' perceptions of the incremental value of continuous auditing and continuous controls monitoring: An experimental investigation

Abstract In this study, we investigate nonprofessional investors' perceptions of the incremental value of additional assurance provided by continuous auditing (CA) and continuous controls monitoring (CCM) relative to traditional periodic auditing. We also examine whether nonprofessional investors' perceptions of incremental value of CA and CCM depend on whether the procedure is performed by internal or external auditors, given that external auditors are likely to be perceived as more independent and objective than internal auditors. We conduct two experiments, one using 120 nonprofessional investors recruited by a national survey company, and the second using 184 participants recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform. The first experiment employed a 2 × 2 between-participants design in which we manipulate the type of assurance (CA or CCM) and the source of assurance (internal or external auditors). The second experiment was identical to the first experiment, with the addition of a fifth condition to test a conjecture stemming from the results of the first experiment. The results from both experiments indicate that although nonprofessional investors believe that continuous auditing decreases the likelihood of material errors and asset misappropriation, nonprofessional investors do not concomitantly increase their investment upon learning about the implementation of these sophisticated continuous assurance techniques. Evidence from the second experiment provides support for the contention that the reason why nonprofessional investors do not increase their investment pursuant to implementation of CA or CCM is due to the salience of the additional costs of these techniques. These results have important implications for firms considering the implementation of additional assurance procedures such as CA and CCM.
Strategic supply chain choices for multi-channel Internet retailers

Multi-channel retailing—selling through multiple, distinct channels—has been a part of the retail industry as long as there have been main street merchants selling through catalogs. Since the mid-1990s, however, multi-channel retailing has increased dramatically due to traditional retailers selling over the Internet. This trend presents considerable operational challenges because Internet and traditional retail have vastly different demand drivers, product variety issues, optimal inventory configurations, cost structures, supply chain structures, and delivery mechanisms. Consequently, the optimal supply chain configuration for Internet delivery differs considerably from the optimal supply chain configuration for a retail store structure, so designing a supply chain system to serve both channels well is difficult. Accordingly, a set of strategic choices and trade-offs must be made. Here, we present some strategic alternatives.
A miracle of Chanukah Memoir

In the ancient Temple of Jerusalem, a light, fueled by specially consecrated olive oil, burned continuously. The Temple was destroyed in battle, and according to legend, the light had oil to burn for only one day. Miraculously, it lasted eight. To celebrate this miracle, we now light one candle on the menorah the first evening of Chanukah, with another candle added each night for eight nights. This is a season when miracles seem possible. Each year when I light the first candle, my thoughts return to an extraordinary Chanukah not too long ago. That year, my rotation as neurology consultant began on Monday, the first day of Chanukah. Our first patient presented us with a seemingly straightforward question. The medical situation appeared futile, and the patient’s family and surgical team had decided to discontinue care. They wanted us simply to confirm their plan. As our group reviewed the patient’s course, a surgical resident brusquely dropped the patient’s hospital chart on the cluttered table. “Can you write a quick note so we can turn off the vent?” All the family were gathered, preparing to say their final words. “I’m just learning about your patient and can’t offer any opinion yet,” I said. Her frustration was palpable and she muttered something just shy of audible as she walked away. Two months ago, our patient had undergone successful repair of a prolapsed mitral valve, and he anticipated returning to his hobbies, rock climbing and race walking. Two weeks ago, however, a valve suture ruptured, requiring valve replacement. The surgery had progressed smoothly until the patient’s ascending aorta dissected, causing prolonged hypotension. Postoperatively he was unarousable, and twelve hours later he began convulsing. Aggressive medical therapy finally stopped the seizures, but for many days, convulsions returned each time …
Predictors of life disability in trichotillomania

Abstract Background Limited research has investigated disability and functional impairment in trichotillomania (TTM) subjects. This study examined the relationships between hair pulling (HP) style and severity and disability while controlling for mood severity. Disability was measured in individual life areas (work, social, and family/home life) instead of as a total disability score as in previous studies. Methods One hundred fifty three adult hair pullers completed several structured interviews and self-report instruments. HP style and severity, as well as depression, anxiety, and stress were correlated with work, social, and family/home life impairment on the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine significant predictors of life impairment. Results Depressive severity was a significant predictor for all SDS life areas. In addition, interference/avoidance associated with HP was a predictor for work and social life disability. Distress from HP was a significant predictor of social and family/home life disability. Focused HP score and anxiety were significant predictors of family/home life disability. Conclusions As expected, depression in hair pullers predicted disability across life domains. Avoiding work and social situations can seriously impair functioning in those life domains. Severity of distress and worry about HP may be most elevated in social situations with friends and family and thus predict impairment in those areas. Finally, since HP often occurs at home, time spent in focused hair pulling would have a greater negative impact on family and home responsibilities than social and work life.
Nursing Home Research From Investigators' Perspective

The negative effects of behavioral disturbances of dementia on the quality of life of both the patient and caregiver have been recognized for some time. For family caregivers, behavioral problems increase stress and may lead to institutionalization of the patient. In nursing homes, professional caregivers may have difficulty managing behaviorally disturbed patients and avoid interactions with them.
Trends in CS enrollment at small, liberal arts institutions (abstract only)

Enrollments in CS have been climbing dramatically in recent years at large schools, especially those in the top-tier for CS. This type of growth is part of the normal cycle for CS and is expected anytime that the public perceives that the job market for computing related fields is strong. It is unclear how much of this growth is currently seen on other campuses. The purpose of this BoF session is to discuss what educators at smaller campuses, and particularly liberal arts schools, are currently seeing in regards to enrollment in CS. This information could be of particular interest for those at schools considering cutting programs for economic reasons or those adjusting the number of faculty lines.
Family and partner interpersonal violence among American Indians/Alaska Natives

Family and partner interpersonal violence are common among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. AI/AN women have the second highest prevalence of violence against women among all racial/ethnic groups in the United States, and child abuse prevalence rates in AI/AN populations are among the highest. Elder abuse in AI/AN is also an important concern, although data on this are sparse. This review describes the epidemiology of child abuse, violence against women, and elder abuse among AI/AN, including prevalence and associated risk factors. The authors discuss potential reasons for the high burden of interpersonal violence among AI/AN, including common risk factors. Important limitations in existing literature are also highlighted, along with recommendations for future research on this topic.
On the structure of some abstract differential problems. - I.

Some differential type problems are formulated abstractly in terms of diagrams of Hilbert spaces and related Schwartz kernels and their structure is studied.
Effect of Prednisone on Thyroxine-Binding Proteins

Administration of high doses of prednisone to 5 patients resulted in a progressive increase in the maximal binding capacity of thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) and a simultaneous decline in the binding capacity of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). In every instance the lowest TBG binding capacity reached fell below the established normal range. In 2 patients, the highest TBPA binding capacities induced by prednisone exceeded the upper normal limit. Densitometric analysis of starch gel patterns stained for protein indicated that the elevated binding capacities of TBPA were directly related to increased serum concentrations of TBPA. Since no charges in the net binding of thyroxine to plasma proteins were demonstrated by equilibrium dialysis, it appears that the rise in TBPA is effectively balanced by a reduction in the TBG binding capacity. Thus, the fall in serum PBI observed in 4 of these patients cannot be easily attributed to a primary disturbance in binding proteins. In vitro addition of glucocortic...
Nebraska's unicameral legislature saves money for taxpayers

Claims of its advocates that adoption of a one-house body would result in a marked reduction in legislative costs fully substantiated by figures now available.
A single‐pore model for gas‐solid noncatalytic reactions

Analysis of single-pore behavior in a porous pellet of reactant is used to develop a new model for predicting the conversion-time relationship for gas-solid noncatalytic reactions. The model accounts for the influence of pore diffusion, diffusion through the product layer which builds upon the pore walls, and surface reaction. By focusing attention on one pore, it is possible to include the effects of the changes in pore geometry that occur during reaction. Thus, both pore-mouth clocure and uniform deposition of product throughout the pellet can be predicted by using appropriate values for the diffusional and physical properties of the reaction system. The key parameters of the model are the effective pore length and effective diffusivity in the product layer. Numerical values of these quantities can be approximated from measurements of the pore volume and surface are of the unreacted and reacted forms of the pellet, or they may be evaluated from a limited amount of conversion vs. time data. The use of the model for predicting conversion-time curves is illustrated with available data for the reduction of nickel oxide pellets with carbon monoxide and for the reaction of sulfur dioxide with calcium carbonate.
Taste preferences of female rats: Modification by neonatal hormones, food deprivation and prior experience

Steroid treatments during the early neonatal period modify adult taste preferences of female rats. A single injection of testosterone propionate on the fifth day of life greatly decreases saccharin preferences (S.P.) while treatment with estradiol benzoate results in increased saccharin consumption. Both early hormone treatments abolish sexual cyclicity and sexual receptivity. These results are related to hormonally-induced modifications in sexual differentiation of neuroendocrine systems. S.P. are increased by total food deprivation but decreased by 25 per cent food deprivation in 24 hr tests; some effects of food deprivation on taste preference persist and others first appear after ad libitum feeding schedules have been re-instated. Mechanisms by which food deprivation and taste preference may interact are considered. Prior experience with saccharin solutions is an important variable in the extent to which ovarian hormones regulate S.P. Thus, for the great majority of rats experienced in the selection of saccharin solutions, S.P. are unaltered by ovariectomy while among inexperienced rats, S.P. are much greater for intact than for ovariectomized females. Hormonal control of S.P. is therefore more important during the acquisition phase of the preference pattern than during the maintenance phase, when other, presumably learned, cues take precedence.
Light Scattering by Spherical Particles

The Mie theory of light scattering by a spherical isotropic particle of any radius is briefly described. Equations are given for the angular distribution of intensity, and for the total energy scattered by transparent particles or scattered and absorbed by absorbing particles. It is shown experimentally and by comparison of the equations that both the Mie and the Rayleigh equations for the angular distribution of intensity yield results which are too great by a factor of two when the particle is illuminated by natural light.Graphs are included giving some of the results of a recently published series of scattering calculations made by The Mathematical Tables Project of the National Bureau of Standards.A second factor of two occurs in the measurement of the scattering cross section of very large spheres where scattering becomes analogous to diffraction. It is shown theoretically that when the radius of the sphere is at least 25 times the wave-length the scattering cross section is equal to twice the geometric cross section. This result is confirmed experimentally when the observation is made at a distance from the sphere large enough so that the diffracted light is excluded from the measuring device.
The effect of indomethacin (an aspirin-like drug) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement

Prostaglandins (PGs) have been suggested as mediators of bone resorption. In addition, their presence in the periodontal tissues has also been demonstrated. To characterize the involvement of PGs in orthodontic tooth movement, indomethacin, an aspirin-like drug and a potent inhibitor of PG synthesis, was administered orally to six mongrel cats; another group of six animals served as controls. These animals were fitted with orthodontic appliances that consisted of coil springs stretching between the right side maxillary and mandibular canines and third premolars. The data for tooth-movement measurements were analyzed by repeated measures factorial analysis of variance. At the end of the 21-day experimental period, the rate of tooth movement in experimental animals was approximately one half of controls (P < 0.01). Findings of this study imply a significant role for PGs in bone resorption during orthodontic therapy. It is recommended that aspirin-like drugs not be administered to patients undergoing orthodontic tooth movement as it may extend the treatment time.
Electromagnetic interference and exposure from household wireless networks

In the last few years, the use of wireless technology for household products has greatly increased, led by applications such as smart meters, Internet connected TVs, and Bluetooth links to home theater systems. In the coming years, it is almost certain that wireless technology will have a nearly ubiquitous presence in households through a variety of mundane household appliances, toys, and other consumer products. Yet, with this technology comes an increased perception of risk by end-users fueled by concerns about cancer and other health effects as well as concern about potential interference with life-saving products such as medical devices. This paper discusses concepts of radio frequency exposure and electromagnetic interference as they relate to the wireless communication networks that are likely to be used in household environments.
Johnson noise and absolute temperature

Abstract Experimental evidence using Josephson junction devices has suggested that Johnson noise in copper fails to be proportional to absolute temperature below 10 millikelvin. A microscopic theory is presented which gives the Johnson noise temperature T J = ʃ 0 1 XT 0 coth ( XT 0 T ) dX where T 0 = hν F 2kN . For copper, the calculated T0 = 3.84 mK agrees closely with the value extracted from experimental data, 3.89 mK. Within a few percent, T J ≊ ( T 0 2 ) coth ( T 0 2T ), and this adequately fits the available experimental data. νF is the fermi velocity and N is the length of the resistor. The Johnson noise parameter “T0” presumably can measure νF along different crystal orientations.
Vitamin K-induced biosynthesis of prothrombin in the isolated perfused rat liver.

Abstract Vitamin K1 induced the formation of prothrombin by the isolated perfused rat liver when administered in vitro. This response was blocked by puromycin. When l -leucine-l-C14 was present in the medium at the time vitamin K1 was added, the amino acid was incorporated into the newly synthesized prothrombin which was precipitated by specific antibody. It would appear from these data that vitamin K1 stimulates de novo synthesis of prothrombin and possibly other vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
Self-aligned gate nanopillar In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As vertical tunnel transistor

Tunnel field effect transistors (TFET) have gained interest recently owing to their potential in achieving sub-kT/q steep switching slope, thus promising low Vcc operation[1–5]. Steep switching slope has already been demonstrated in Silicon TFET [2]. However, it has been theoretically shown and experimentally proved that Si or Si x Ge 1−x based homo-junction or hetero-junction TFETs would not meet the drive current requirement for future low power high performance logic applications [3]. III–V based hetero-junction TFETs have shown promise to provide MOSFET like high drive currents at low operating Vcc while providing the sub-kT/q steep switching slope[1,4,5]. However, the device design demands extremely scaled EOT and ultra-thin body double-gate geometry in order to achieve the desired transistor performance [4]. In this paper, we discuss a vertical TFET fabrication process with self-aligned gate [6] which can ultimately lead to the ultra-thin double-gate device geometry in order to achieve the desired TFET performance.
Direct measurement of permeabilities at high pressures

A new procedure for measuring the peermeability of a high pressure gas (10.34 MPa) through a polymeric material has been developed. The procedure employs a vacuum system on the low-pressure side of the material. Although it gives a pressure difference of seven orders of magnitude during testing, the real purpose of the vacuum system is to allow the permeability measurements to be made rapidly for a small amount of transported material. The permeability of several commercial polymers to either natural gas or helium has been measured and is reported.
Organic acid in insects—I. Citric acid

Abstract Haemolymph citrate levels have been determined in a variety of insects belonging to six Orders. The values found for larval stages were higher than for the corresponding adults, but the citrate titres in all cases exceeded those for blood of other organisms. The haemolymph citrate of Prodemia eridania was unaffected by change in diet, but was doubled by injection of fluoroacetate. A marked decrease in the total citrate of P. eridania and Phormia regina pupae occurs during the early part of metamorphosis, and the low level is maintained during adult development.
Observation of large magnetic field effects in organic light- emitting diodes

Large magnetic field effects (MFE) have been observed in organic light emitting diodes (OLED) based on a bilayer of tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq 3 ) and N,N’-Di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N’diphenyl-benzidine (NPB) . They consist of an increase in electroluminescence (EL) of a few percent at low magnetic fields followed by a decrease in EL of 20+% at high fields. Associated with these two effects is a decrease in resistance of typically 1-3% as the magnetic field is increased. The magnitude of the high field effect (HFE) varies with temperature and current density, while the low field effect (LFE) survives even when the HFE is not present. The HFE is enhanced at low temperature and/or high current density. These effects are similar to those reported for anthracene single crystals suggesting a large triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) component for the EL in Alq 3 . However, transient EL studies fail to definitively identify a delayed luminescence component with a time scale appropriate for TTA in Alq 3 . We discuss this and other questions concerning the origin of MFE in this system.
Neuroblastoma: Synchronization of Neurite Outgrowth in Cultures Grown on Collagen

Neurite outgrowth in cultured neuroblastoma cells is inhibited in cells grown on a collagen substratum as compared to those grown on glass. Rapid, synchronized initiation of neurite outgrowth occurs after hydrolysis of the underlying collagen with collagenase. Axonated cultures exhibit an increased RNA and protein content as compared to cultures grown on collagen.
Spectral Series in the Soft X-Ray Region.

Critical radiation potentials for iron, determined photo-electrically.---Electrons were accelerated from a filament heated by a constant current, to an iron plate, and the photo-electric effect of the radiation excited on a plate carefully shielded from stray electrons, was measured. All surfaces exposed to the radiation were of metal and were maintained at definite potentials, and the tube after thorough baking was maintained at a pressure of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ mm or less during measurements. (1) $M$ series, 40 to 175 volts. Nine critical potentials were observed, the corresponding $\frac{\ensuremath{\nu}}{R}$ values being 3.46, 6.03, 7.05, 8.21, 9.63, 10.40, 10.88, 11.33 and 11.83, where $R$ is the Rydberg frequency. The first and third are interpreted as resonance potentials of the ${\mathrm{M}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{M}}_{4}$ series, the others as belonging to the ${\mathrm{M}}_{5}$ series. The difference in $\frac{\ensuremath{\nu}}{R}$ for the two levels comes out 2.58. (2) $L$ series, 600 to 700 volts. The three points observed correspond to Sommerfeld's ${\mathrm{L}}_{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}$, ${\mathrm{L}}_{\ensuremath{\eta}}$ and ${\mathrm{L}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, the $\frac{\ensuremath{\nu}}{R}$ values being 45.5, 47.0, and 51.5. These agree well with x-ray data.Ionizing potentials for iron. The convergence limit of ${\mathrm{M}}_{5}$ series is $\frac{\ensuremath{\nu}}{R}=13.1$ which should correspond to an ionizing potential for that level. For the L series, the value for ${\mathrm{L}}_{1}$ comes out $\frac{\ensuremath{\nu}}{R}=59.0$.Extreme ultra-violet spectrum of iron, 1188 to 18 A.---The critical potentials are interpreted as corresponding to emission lines of wave-length 264, 151, 129.6, 111.0, 94.6, 87.8, 83.9, 80.5 and 77.0 A. Differences between various pairs of the $\frac{\ensuremath{\nu}}{R}$ values correspond closely with eleven wave-lengths, from 294 to 1188 A, measured by Millikan, indicating that these belong to combination series. The L potentials correspond to 20.0, 19.4 and 17.7 A.
Study on the security isolation technology of power soft-switch system

Following the development of switching technology, circuit-switch based voice communication system used for power dispatching communication shall evolve towards soft-switch system, the security issues of which must be resolved firstly. On the base of P2DRR model, the power system brought forward the security scheme of the secondary system. It gives out four measures to ensure the security of the soft-switch network after analyzing the defects and faults in constructing power soft-switch system using MPLS VPN technology. According to different isolation requirements between soft-switch network and other power operation systems, it gives a isolation project by using security isolation device, Session Border Control, edge communications agent.
Why Select New Music Teachers Chose to, or Chose Not to, Apply to Teach in an Urban School District

The purpose of this investigation is to describe the criteria that highly qualified music-education students with cultural diversity training from a Hispanic-serving institution used in their decision to apply or not apply to teach in an urban district on graduation. Eleven participants were selected. Three of them applied to an urban district and one accepted an urban job. Findings from employment inducement studies formed the theoretical basis to analyze the criteria the participants used to make their employment decisions. Content analysis of open-ended interviews reveals the importance of the following criteria in making the decision to apply to teach in an urban school district: the participants’ perceptions of the match of their own values to the organization’s values, specifically, whether they would be able to achieve what they wanted to and the proximity of the school district to where the participant grew up. These participants did not place great importance on salary. The finding of most intere...
The Ginzburg–Landau theory and the surface energy of a colour superconductor

Abstract We apply the Ginzburg–Landau theory to the colour superconducting phase of a lump of dense quark matter. We calculate the surface energy of a domain wall separating the normal phase from the super phase with the bulk equilibrium maintained by a critical external magnetic field. Because of the symmetry of the problem, we are able to simplify the Ginzburg–Landau equations and express them in terms of two components of the di-quark condensate and one component of the gauge potential. The equations also contain two dimensionless parameters: the Ginzburg–Landau parameter κ and ρ . The main result of this paper is a set of inequalities obeyed by the critical value of the Ginzburg–Landau parameter—the value of κ for which the surface energy changes sign—and its derivative with respect to ρ . In addition we prove a number of inequalities of the functional dependence of the surface energy on the parameters of the problem and obtain a numerical solution of the Ginzburg–Landau equations. Finally a criterion for the types of colour superconductivity (type I or type II) is established in the weak coupling approximation.
Algorithm for Optimal Arrival and Departure Sequencing and Runway Assignment

This work proposes a framework to compute with computational efficiency, the optimal runway assignment, and sequencing of arrival and departure operations at an airport with any number, layout, and configuration of runways. The runway assignment problem is solved based on the typical demand mix of aircraft and the scheme proposed in this work computes the allocation of arrival and departure operations on each runway, which is then fed into the sequencing algorithm that determines the set of sequences on each runway that minimize the overall makespan. The proposed sequencing algorithm is based on a branch-and-bound technique that minimizes the makespan at a given airport. The lower and upper bounds of the cost of each branch for the best first search in the branch-and-bound algorithm are computed based on the minimum separation standards between arrival and departure operations set by the Federal Aviation Administration. The optimal solution is mathematically proved to lie between these bounds and the algo...
Effect of Volumetric Momentum Addition on the Total Force Production of a Plasma Actuator

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators are examined experimentally and computationally. Experimental temporal force measurements have shown that while the plasma is present the actuator experiences an accelerating force and when the plasma is extinguished, a decelerating force appears. This occurs twice during each AC bias cycle. In addition, while the accelerating force is approximately equal in magnitude and direction during each half of the AC cycle, the decelerating force is not. Navier-Stokes simulations of the neutral air flow with a prescribed plasma force reveal that the variation in the decelerating actuator force is consistent with structural changes in the plasma itself. These plasma structural changes alter the volume over which the plasma force is imparted to the air which, in turn, change the amount of air drag incurred by the wall jet created by the plasma. During each actuator bias cycle, 70-90% of the momentum supplied by the plasma actuator is destroyed by drag with the wall.
Application of information theory to a three-body coarse-grained representation of proteins in the PDB: insights into the structural and evolutionary roles of residues in protein structure.

Knowledge-based methods for analyzing protein structures, such as statistical potentials, primarily consider the distances between pairs of bodies (atoms or groups of atoms). Considerations of several bodies simultaneously are generally used to characterize bonded structural elements or those in close contact with each other, but historically do not consider atoms that are not in direct contact with each other. In this report, we introduce an information-theoretic method for detecting and quantifying distance-dependent through-space multibody relationships between the sidechains of three residues. The technique introduced is capable of producing convergent and consistent results when applied to a sufficiently large database of randomly chosen, experimentally solved protein structures. The results of our study can be shown to reproduce established physico-chemical properties of residues as well as more recently discovered properties and interactions. These results offer insight into the numerous roles that residues play in protein structure, as well as relationships between residue function, protein structure, and evolution. The techniques and insights presented in this work should be useful in the future development of novel knowledge-based tools for the evaluation of protein structure. Proteins 2014; 82:3450–3465. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The paradox of observing, autopoiesis, and the future of social sciences

The current debate in social sciences show that the paradox of observing—the embeddedness of observer in the process of observing—is at the heart of the controversy about their cognitive status and future. Although the problem of observing has been addressed in numerous theoretical perspectives—some of which (Habermas, Leydesdorff, Maturana, and Luhmann) are examined in this article—the prospects for resolving this paradox remain problematic. Locating a point, which allows reflection on the process of autopoiesis in general, not just the operation of a particular autopoietic system, may be one condition for resolving this paradox. Such point will offer reflection on all autopoietic systems, including the observer. The dynamic balance between equilibrium and disequilibrium is the mechanism, which regulates the process of autopoiesis. Since the function of regulation is essentially a reflective function, this equilibrium between equilibrium and disequilibrium, which can be identified with the concept of homeorhesis introduced by Conrad Waddington, may offer a possibility to reflect on the process of observing. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of nucleoside transporters in the erythrocyte disposition and oral absorption of ribavirin in the wild-type and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1-/- mice.

Ribavirin [1-(β-d-ribofuranosyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide] is the treatment of choice for hepatitis C virus infection. Ribavirin is a substrate of several nucleoside transporters, including the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (Ent) and the concentrative nucleoside transporter 2. To determine the role of Ent1 in ribavirin absorption and erythrocyte distribution, we examined its pharmacokinetics in Ent1-null mice. After intravenous administration, we found that the erythrocyte area under the curve (AUC0–12 h) was reduced 3.05-fold along with 2.63-fold reduction of erythrocyte versus plasma AUC ratio in the Ent1(−/−) mice, whereas there was no significant difference in the plasma AUC0–12 h between Ent1(+/+) and Ent1(−/−) mice. After 48 h, we found a similar fraction of ribavirin or total radioactivity excreted in the urine between the Ent1(+/+) and Ent1(−/−) mice. After oral administration of three different doses, 0.024, 0.24, and 6.1 mg/kg, we found that the dose-normalized plasma AUC0–12 h of ribavirin was 69.7 ± 12.0, 20.7 ± 1.5, and 18.3 ± 2.7 min/l, respectively, in the Ent1(+/+) mice and 18.9 ± 2.8, 13.0 ± 0.5, and 12.2 ± 1.0 min/l, respectively, in the Ent1(−/−) mice. It is interesting that at the highest dose, the dose-normalized plasma AUC0–30 min, AUC0–12 h, and Cmax in the Ent1(+/+) mice were decreased 4.0-, 3.8-, and 3.4-fold, respectively, compared with the lowest dose, suggesting absorption was saturated at the highest dose we used. The dose-normalized plasma AUC0–12 h was 3.7- and 1.5-fold lower at the lowest and the highest dose, respectively, in the Ent1(−/−) mice compared with those of the Ent1(+/+) mice. Our findings indicate that Ent1 plays a significant role in the oral absorption and erythrocyte distribution of ribavirin.
Product graph representations

We study a hierarchy of canonical representations of grpahs as subgraphs of cartesian products of graphs. This hierarchy starts with the isometric representation, includes the 2-isometric represnetation, and ends with the cartesian prime factorization. We show that all three representations can be obtained in O(nm) time using O(m) space, for graphs with n vertices and m edges. The algorithms have immediate parallel versions that use n3 processors and run in O(log2n) time. © 1929 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Endoscopic placement of double-J ureteric stents in children as a treatment for primary obstructive megaureter

Aim: To determine the efficacy and potential complications of double-J ureteric stents in the treatment of persistent or progressive primary obstructive megaureter in pediatric patients within our institution. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case-note review of all patients with double-J ureteric stents, between 1997 and 2004, was performed. In all, 38 stents were inserted in 31 patients aged between 2 months and 15 years of age. Complications and results of follow-up investigations and the need for follow-up investigations were recorded. Patients were followed up clinically and radiologically for a minimum of 2 years following stent insertion. Results: Endoscopic placement of double-J ureteric stents in childhood is straightforward and complications are uncommon (8/38 insertions). In non-resolving or progressive primary non-refluxing megaureter, double-J ureteric stenting alone is effective with resolution of primary non-refluxing megaureter in 66% of cases (25/38 insertions). Conclusions: Ureteric stenting provides an alternative to early surgery in patients with primary non-refluxing megaureter. The youngest patient in our series was 2 months old at the time of endoscopic ureteric double-J stent insertion. Endoscopic placement of ureteric double-J stents should be considered as a first-line treatment in the management of persistent or progressive non-refluxing megaureter leading to progressive hydronephrosis or pyonephrosis.
Improved Doubly Robust Estimation when Data are Monotonely Coarsened, with Application to Longitudinal Studies with Dropout

Summary: A routine challenge is that of making inference on parameters in a statistical model of interest from longitudinal data subject to drop out, which are a special case of the more general setting of monotonely coarsened data. Considerable recent attention has focused on doubly robust estimators, which in this context involve positing models for both the missingness (more generally, coarsening) mechanism and aspects of the distribution of the full data, that have the appealing property of yielding consistent inferences if only one of these models is correctly specified. Doubly robust estimators have been criticized for potentially disastrous performance when both of these models are even only mildly misspecified. We propose a doubly robust estimator applicable in general monotone coarsening problems that achieves comparable or improved performance relative to existing doubly robust methods, which we demonstrate via simulation studies and by application to data from an AIDS clinical trial.
Sic transit gloria mundi virtuali?: promise and peril in the computational social science of clandestine organizing

Massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) maintain archival databases of all player actions and attributes including activity by accounts engaged in illicit behavior. If individuals in online worlds operate under similar social and psychological motivations and constraints as the offline world, online behavioral data could inform theories about offline behavior. We examine high risk trading relationships in a MMOG to illuminate the structures online clandestine organizations employ to balance security with efficiency and compare this to an offline drug trafficking network. This data offers the possibility of performing social research on a scale that would be unethical or impracticable to do in the offline world. However, analyzing and generalizing from clandestine behavior in online settings raises complex epistemological and methodological questions about the validity of such mappings and what methods and metrics are appropriate in these contexts. We conclude by discussing how computational social science can be applied to online and offline criminological concerns and highlight the "dual use" implications of these technologies.
Achievable Rate of Gaussian Cognitive Z-Interference Channel with Partial Side Information

In this paper, we compute an achievable rate of a Gaussian Z-interference channel as shown in Fig. 1, when transmit node C has causal, imperfect cognitive knowledge of the signal sent by transmit node A. This achievable rate is derived using a two-phase transmission scheme in which node C uses a combination of a linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimator and dirty paper code and node D employs a combination of LMMSE estimator and partial interference canceler. Numerical results indicate that the achievable rate of the Gaussian Z-interference channel increases significantly with cognition under certain channel conditions. We also derive an upper bound on the capacity of this channel with cognition and quantify the channel conditions under which the proposed achievable scheme equals the upper bound.
SOX‐10 expression in cutaneous myoepitheliomas and mixed tumors

Background SOX-10 expression can be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in salivary gland myoepitheliomas, but its expression in cutaneous myoepitheliomas and in cutaneous mixed tumors with prominent myoepithelial cells has not been studied. Methods We assessed the staining pattern of SOX-10 in five cutaneous myoepitheliomas and six cutaneous mixed tumors with a prominent myoepithelial component among both the myoepithelial cells and cells lining lumens. In addition, we examined the staining of S100, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF), keratin cocktail, HMK903, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Results SOX-10 positivity was seen in three of five (60%) cutaneous myoepitheliomas and in the myoepithelial cells of all cutaneous mixed tumors. SOX-10 expression on the cells lining the glandular structures in mixed tumors was variable. All myoepitheliomas and mixed tumors stained positively with S100 and negatively with MiTF. Pan-keratin, HMK903, SMA and EMA showed variable expression. Conclusions SOX-10 is a relatively reliable marker for staining cutaneous myoepitheliomas. Cutaneous myoepitheliomas are notoriously difficult to diagnose, and the addition of SOX-10 to the repertoire of stains that can label this tumor is of practical utility. These results further support that cutaneous myoepitheliomas and cutaneous mixed tumors exist on a morphologic and immunophenotypic spectrum.