cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of number of children on cancer screening among adults in the United States

... Objective To investigate the influence of children in the household on the likelihood of reporting cancer screening among adult men and women living in the United States. Methods 2004-2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (MEPS) were used to calculate the probability of self-reported cancer screening by number of children for adult men and women with adjustment for age, sex, marital status, race, education, current smoking status, obesity status, health insurance and having a usual health-care provider. Results The largest percentage of persons who had cancer screening was among respondents with no children in the household. In multivariate results, the probability of endoscopy was lower for persons with one child (24%) and two or more children (21%) in comparison with persons with no children living in the household (30%). Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing was lower among men with one child (17%) and two or more children (14%) in comparison with no children (22%). Pap smears were lower for women with two or more children (50%) but not different for women with one child (55%) in comparison with no children (56%). Mammograms were lower for women with one child (48%) and two or more children (42%) in comparison with no children in the household (55%). Conclusion Across several different cancer screening modalities, the probability of screening is lower as the number of children in the household increases. Children may be an additional barrier to screening beyond factors such as socioeconomic status and access to care.
Performance and critical theory: Negotiating the tensions between art and everyday life—A response

(1988). Performance and critical theory: Negotiating the tensions between art and everyday life—A response. Literature in Performance: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 35-38.
Is Peroneal Nerve Injury Associated With Worse Function After Knee Dislocation

Background Peroneal nerve palsy is a frequent and potentially disabling complication of multiligament knee dislocation, but little information exists on the degree to which patients recover motor or sensory function after this injury, and whether having this nerve injury–with or without complete recovery–is a predictor of inferior patient-reported outcome scores.
The Politics of Administrative Law Judge Decision Making at the Environmental Protection Agency in Civil Penalty Cases

Regulation of the environment is often characterized as a polarizing issue that pits public health against economic growth. Although researchers have examined the decisions of federal district court judges in environmental civil penalty cases and examined the decision making of administrative law judges (ALJ), there has been no research which has examined factors that influence ALJ decision making in environmental civil penalty cases at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). I theorize that ALJ decisions, like federal district court judge decisions, are a function of personal policy preferences, hierarchical controls by higher courts, separation of powers influences, and case and defendant characteristics. Results demonstrate that the size of civil penalties issued by ALJs at the EPA is influenced by personal policy preferences, political constraints via Congress, hierarchical control by the Environmental Appeals Board (EAB) and the Supreme Court, litigant characteristics, and case characteristics. Ov...
Filamentous Bacteriophage Coat Protein

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Structural Form of Coat Protein in Virus Particles 3 Membrane-Bound Form of Coat Protein 4 Procoat Protein 5 Comparisons Among the Various Forms of Coat Protein 6 Acknowledgements 7 Biographical Sketch Related Articles
Towards a rationalist theory of language acquisition

Recent computational, mathematical work on learnability extends to classes of languages that plausibly include the human languages, but there is nevertheless a gulf between this work and linguistic theory. The languages of the two elds seem almost completely disjoint and incommensurable. This paper shows that this has happened, at least in part, because the recent advances in learnability have been misdescribed in two important respects. First, they have been described as resting on ‘empiricist’ conceptions of language, when actually, in fundamental respects that are made precise here, they are equally compatible with the ‘rationalist’, ‘nativist’ traditions in linguistic theory. Second, the recent mathematical proposals have sometimes been presented as if they not only advance but complete the account of human language acquisition, taking the rather dramatic dierence between what current mathematical models can achieve and what current linguistic theories tell us as an indication that current linguistic theories are quite generally mistaken. This paper compares the two perspectives and takes some rst steps toward a unied theory, aiming
Lifting-line theory of oblique wings

The study extends Prandtl's lifting-line theory to planar wings involving swept and curved centerlines. Attention is focused on distinct features of such a theory, with special emphasis on an oblique wing in a steady incompressible potential flow. The analysis presented is compared with exact solutions derived from an inverse method and with results from a panel method.
High concentrations of oxytocin in hypophysial portal plasma.

Hypophysial portal blood was collected from pentobarbital-anesthetized male rats, and the content of oxytocin (OT) was measured by RIA. The concentration of OT in portal plasma was 1.88 ± 0.48 ng/ml (sem) and was at least 15 times higher than the concentration of OT in peripheral plasma samples from the same rats. Dilutions of portal plasma produced a displacement curve parallel to those of synthetic OT and posterior lobe extract. The data support a possible role for OT as a hypothalamic-releasing hormone. (Endocrinology 114: 1216, 1984)
Barysoma lenzii (Synapsida: Dicynodontia) from the Middle Triassic of Brazil, a synonym of Stahleckeria potens

Huene (1935) first reported dicynodonts from the Triassic Santa Maria Formation of southern Brazil. Most common are specimens of Dinodontosaurus from localities near Chiniqua (Chiniqua local fauna) and near Candelaria (Candelaria local fauna) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The other Middle Triassic dicynodont found near Chiniqua is the huge (about 3 m body length) Stahleckeria potens, and an equally large Middle Triassic dicynodont, Barysoma lenzii, is known from near Candelaria. A fourth, supposed Santa Maria Formation dicynodont, Jachaleria candelariensis (Araujo and Gonzaga, 1990), is actually from a younger, Upper Triassic, horizon of the Caturrita Formation near Candelaria (Bonaparte, 1982). Here, I argue that Barysoma lenzii is a junior subjective synonym of Stahleckeria potens and discuss the biochronological significance of this synonymy.
NIST RM 8398: Standardizing Discoveries

Steel, concrete, peanut butter, and genetic testing all have something in common: all have reference material established in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce (Pear, 2015). On May 21, 2015, NIST announced that they made “the world's first reference material to help ensure laboratories accurately ‘map’ DNA for genetic testing, medical diagnoses, and future customized drug therapies” (“‘Measuring Stick’ Standard,” 2015). To do so, the FDA and NIST scientists facilitated a working relationship between NIST and stakeholders from the Genome in a Bottle consortium, a collection of professionals committed to reference standards, data, and methodology (Genome in a Bottle Consortium).
Why Custom Cannot Save Copyright's Fair Use Defense

This article is a short reply to Richard Epstein's comments on my article, The Questionable Use of Custom in Intellectual Property, 93 Virginia Law Review 1899 (2007). In the underlying article, I critique the general preference of courts to incorporate customary practices into intellectual property law. In this reply, I disagree with Professor Epstein's claim that custom should be dispositive in some instances to determine the scope of copyright's fair use defense. Although I observe that for some individual parties various customary practices may be cost-effective, their incorporation into the law expands the scope of copyright in ways that unreasonably limit and undervalue fair uses. Epstein's preference for private ordering is flawed, at least in the IP context, because suboptimal customs will develop due to market inequalities, the complexity of the IP industries and the dearth of ongoing relationships and repeat players.
Binder composition and intermediate temperature cracking performance of asphalt mixtures containing RAS

The use of recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) as a partial replacement for petroleum-based virgin asphalt binder has received considerable attention in recent years. The objective of this study is to correlate the molecular structure of asphalt binders of conventional asphalt mixtures as well as of mixtures containing RAS with their cracking potential at intermediate temperature. Laboratory testing evaluated the molecular composition of asphalt binders obtained from asphalt mixtures evaluated in this study using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), extent of ageing using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and fracture resistance of laboratory produced mixtures using the Semi-Circular Bending test at intermediate temperature. Molecular fractionation through GPC of RAS samples confirmed the presence of associated asphaltenes in greater concentrations than recycled asphalt pavement samples. High concentrations of high-molecular-weight asphaltenes decrease the fracture resistance of the asphalt mixtures. T...
Understanding Publics’ Perception and Behaviors in Crisis Communication: Effects of Crisis News Framing and Publics’ Acquisition, Selection, and Transmission of Information in Crisis Situations

ABSTRACTThis study aims to better understand publics’ perception and communicative behaviors in crisis communication. The extant research has overlooked how framing factors and different publics’ communicative behaviors directly influence crisis outcomes, including reputation and behavioral intentions. An online experiment with 1,113 participants was conducted to fill the gap. The findings demonstrated that preventable crisis news framing was a strong negative predictor for crisis outcomes. Another finding based on Communicative Action in Problem Solving (CAPS) in Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STOPS) revealed that information attending, forwarding, and seeking are positively associated with reputation and behavioral intentions.
Kinetic studies of detergency. II. Effect of age, temperature, and cleaning time on rates of soil removal

The effects of variation in temperature, flow rate, cleaning time, and age were studied in a model circulation system. The results are recorded as changes in the rate constants k1 and k2 and changes in the relative proportions of the two soil species. The removal of tristearin in this simple system was found to proceed by two independent mechanisms, acting simultaneously. The first, named the “flow mechanism,” is dependent on time, and its rate increases with flow rate. The second, which the authors term the “Dupre mechanism,” is not dependent upon time and arises from the air-detergent interface that moves over the surface. The Dupre effect is independent of flow rate at all rates of flow. In most of the experiments the Dupre mechanism accounted for about 90% of the removal of tristearin. A comparison is made between the removal of monomolecular films and thin polymolecular films. It is shown that the empirical finding of apparently simple first-order kinetics is not inconsistent with the complex processes that remove tristearin from the surface.
Diagnosis and treatment of galactorrhea.

Galactorrhea is not a disease, but is rather a symptom of an underlying disorder with potentially serious endocrinologic and physical ramifications. It can be associated with many conditions; thus an exact diagnosis is necessary for specific treatment. When accurate diagnosis is impossible, close follow-up is advised. Some cases appear amenable to treatment, with a fair prognosis for childbearing and a fair remission rate. However, the recurrence rate after pregnancy is high.
Detecting prosody improvement in oral rereading.

A reading tutor that listens to children read aloud should be able to detect fluency growth – not only in oral reading rate, but also in prosody. How sensitive can such detection be? We present an approach to detecting improved oral reading prosody in rereading a given text. We evaluate our method on data from 133 students ages 7-10 who used Project LISTEN‟s Reading Tutor. We compare the sensitivity of our extracted features in detecting improvements. We use them to compare the magnitude of recency and learning effects. We find that features computed by correlating the student‟s prosodic contours with those of an adult narration of the same text are generally not as sensitive to gains as features based solely on the student‟s speech. We also find that rereadings on the same day show greater improvement than those on later days: statistically reliable recency effects are almost twice as strong as learning effects for the same features.
Emerging technologies: the ethical dangers of fixing what is not broken

The field of neuroprosthetics is rapidly expanding, and with it the controversy surrounding the use of such devices. Even seemingly uncontroversial devices such as cochlear implants are now engendering debate and dis-ease. As members of communities that many consider to be disabled (such as the Deaf) join together to defend those communities (and, by extension, their defining features), the question of what "normal" is and whose job it is to decide what counts as normal is arising with increasing frequency. Many argue against the standardization of the population towards a particular norm in favor of both physical and neurological diversity. At the other end of the spectrum are those who are fighting for their right to use neuroprosthetics as an enhancement tool. This is adding a new dimension to the traditional neuroenhancement debate, while incorporating the question of bodily autonomy. Should neuroprosthetic devices exist to allow new 'abnormal' experiences, as in the recent case of an implant allowing a man to 'hear' color? Or should they be banned so as to continue the push towards a standardized population and treat both sets of outliers equally? While ethicists argue the merits of each side, researchers are steadily developing neuroprosthetics with an increasingly diverse range of medical applications. Cognitive prosthetics are creating a new world of potential treatments for devastating brain and nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and paralysis. The potential of these devices is unparalleled and could change the face of these disorders. Even so, we need to be aware of the risks to certain communities of espousing the life-changing qualities of these enhancements. We as ethicists and scientists need to be careful to walk the narrow line between a device that cures or treats and a device that may disrespect a person's identity and potentially destroy a thriving community. While it is not a given that neuroenhancement technologies are immutably bad or dangerous, we need to be aware of the totality of both positive and negative aspects in order to aid those working in the field of neuroprosthetics in understanding the implications of their work. If a device the majority of society deems unquestionably positive -- the cochlear implant -- can stir such debate, it stands to reason that more controversial devices will certainly polarize the conversation. As such, we need to be prepared with the best answers we can provide to help reduce abuse and inappropriate application of new generations of neuroprosthetics.
Exploring Willingness to Participate in Clinical Trials by Ethnicity

African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans are disproportionately affected by cancer, yet underrepresented in cancer clinical trials. Because of this, it is important to understand how attitudes and beliefs about clinical trials vary by ethnicity. A national, random sample of 860 adults was given an online survey about attitudes toward clinical trials. We examined willingness to participate in clinical trials, attitudes toward clinical trials, trust in doctors, attitudes toward alternative and complementary medicine, and preferred information channels. Results indicate that African-American and Hispanic-American participants have more negative attitudes about clinical trials, more distrust toward doctors, more interest in complementary and alternative medicine, and less willingness to participate in clinical trials than white/non-Hispanics, although specific factors affecting willingness to participate vary. The channels people turn to for information on clinical trials also varied by ethnicity. These results help explain the ethnic disparities in cancer clinical trial enrollment by highlighting some potential underlying causes and drawing attention to areas of importance to these groups.
CAF Events Implementation Using MPI-3 Capabilities

MPI-3.1 is currently the most recent version of the MPI standard. It adds important extensions to MPI-2, including a simplified semantic for the one-sided communication routines and a new tool interface, capable of exposing performance data of the MPI implementation to users and libraries. These and other new features make MPI-3 a good candidate for being the transport layer of PGAS languages like Coarray Fortran. OpenCoarrays, the free coarray implementation used by the GNU Fortran compiler, implements almost all Coarray Fortran 2008 and several Coarray Fortran 2015 features on top of MPI-3. Among the Fortran 2015 features, one of the most relevant for performance improvement is events; such a feature represents a fine grain synchronization mechanism based on a limited implementation of the well known semaphore primitives. In this paper, we analyze two possible implementations of events using MPI-3 features and show how to dynamically select the best implementation, according to the capabilities provided by the MPI implementation. We also show how events can improve the overall performance by reducing idle times in parallel applications.
Exascale Storage Systems the SIRIUS Way

As the exascale computing age emerges, data related issues are becoming critical factors that determine how and where we do computing. Popular approaches used by traditional I/O solution and storage libraries become increasingly bottlenecked due to their assumptions about data movement, re-organization, and storage. While, new technologies, such as "burst buffers", can help address some of the short-term performance issues, it is essential that we reexamine the underlying storage and I/O infrastructure to effectively support requirements and challenges at exascale and beyond. In this paper we present a new approach to the exascale Storage System and I/O (SSIO), which is based on allowing users to inject application knowledge into the system and leverage this knowledge to better manage, store, and access large data volumes so as to minimize the time to scientific insights. Central to our approach is the distinction between the data, metadata, and the knowledge contained therein, transferred from the user to the system by describing "utility" of data as it ages.
Abstract 1234: Impact of cancer-associated mutations on MDM2 function

MDM2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that functions as a negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53. MDM2 can promote the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation through 26S proteasome. In addition to p53, MDM2 can ubiquitinate and promote the degradation of other proteins including SLUG, PCNA, and TERT. Although MDM2 has a well accepted role as an oncogene in human cancer, it also exhibits the ability to suppress the SLUG-driven epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is a key component of the metastasis process. The fact that MDM2 is required to suppress the SLUG-driven epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) led us to speculate that mutations in the MDM2 gene might impair the proteasomal degradation of key regulatory proteins that control biological events and thereby contribute to tumorogenesis. Here, we studied twenty-one somatic point mutants in MDM2 that occur in human cancer. We find that seven of these MDM2 mutants have lost the capacity to degrade p53. Of these mutants, three have lost the capacity to polyubiquitinate and two do not interact with p53. Additionally, we found that two of the mutants exhibit enhanced ability to degrade p53. We also assessed whether these mutants impacted the ability of mdm2 to degrade SLUG. Although previous studies have shown that MDM2 needs to form a trimeric complex with p53 and SLUG in order for degradation of the latter, we find that MDM2 efficiently degraded SLUG in the absence of p53. Furthermore, MDM2 mutants that do not interact with p53 still retain the ability to degrade SLUG. Our study indicates that mutations in MDM2 can yield mutant proteins that exhibit distinct capacities to degrade its substrates. Further, in vitro and in vivo studies will address the impact of these mutations on the oncogenic properties of MDM2. Citation Format: Krishna M. Chauhan, Luis A. Martinez. Impact of cancer-associated mutations on MDM2 function. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1234. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1234
Plasmonic Nanowire Waveguide for Deep Subwavelength Confinement

This chapter discusses the basic principles and experimental implementation of plasmonic nanowire waveguides where surface plasmon modes play an important role as a result of the careful choice of the waveguide materials and its geometry. Two waveguide designs are given to demonstrate the concept: simple dielectric nanowire waveguides and hybrid plasmonic waveguides. In the case of simple nanowire waveguides, the dielectric constants of the core dielectric and the cladding metal are matched to enable the presence of semi-propagating modes in waveguides of extremely small size. As an example, numerical modeling, fabrication, and optical characterization of ZnO nanowire waveguides are then discussed. The operation of the hybrid plasmonic waveguide is based on hybrid modes which can possess strong confinement of surface plasmon modes and long-range propagation of cylindrical modes at the same time. The unique properties of these modes are studied using numerical modeling and a scheme allowing the efficient excitation of these modes is also given. Applications of these plasmonic nanowire waveguides in areas such as near-filed scanning microscopy are also briefly discussed.
The effect of high dose endotoxin on CYP3A2 expression in the rat.

Purpose. The purpose of our research was two-fold: 1) to further characterize the downregulation of CYP3A2 mRNA, protein, and activity during an acute phase response (APR); 2) most importantly, to relate the time-dependent activation of nuclear proteins to putative DNA binding sequences within the CYP3A2 5′-flanking region, with the loss in CYP3A2 expression. Methods. Rats were injected (2.0 mg/animal, i.p.) with LPS and sacrificed at 1,2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Hepatic nuclear protein was isolated and analyzed for binding activity to AP-1, NFκB, and NF-IL6 consensus sequences. Hepatic CYP3A2 mRNA levels were determined by solution hybridization and CYP3A2 protein, CYP3A2 activity, and total P450 were measured in hepatic microsomes. Results. Computer analysis of the 5′-flanking region of CYP3A2 revealed the presence of 5 NF-IL6 and 4 AP-1 putative DNA binding sites. The strongest increase in AP-1 binding activity occurred between 6 and 24 hr, and the alteration in binding complexes to an NF-IL6 oligonucleotide occurred between 4 and 24 hr. Maximum loss in CYP3A2 mRNA occurred at 8 hr post-LPS injection and remained lowered at the 24 hr timepoint. CYP3A2 protein was significantly decreased at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-LPS treatment with corresponding decreases in CYP3A2 activity and total P450. Conclusions. The changes in NF-IL6 and AP-1 binding after LPS treatment, which appears to correlate with the changes in CYP3A2 mRNA, combined with the presence of putative NF-IL6 and AP-1 sites located in the CYP3A2 5′-flanking region, may indicate a potential role for NF-IL6 and AP-1 in CYP3A2 downregulation during an APR.
Distinct oxysterol requirements for positioning naïve and activated dendritic cells in the spleen

Correct positioning of dendritic cells (DCs) is critical for efficient pathogen encounter and antigen presentation. Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2) has been identified as a chemoattractant receptor required for naive CD4+DCIR2+ DC positioning in response to 7α,25-hydroxycholesterol (7α,25-HC). We now provide evidence that a second EBI2 ligand, 7α,27-HC, is involved in splenic DCIR2+ DC positioning and homeostasis. Cyp27a1, the enzyme uniquely required for 7α,27-HC synthesis, is expressed by stromal cells in the region of naive DC localization. After activation, DCIR2+ DCs move into the T cell zone. We find that EBI2 is rapidly up-regulated in DCIR2+ DCs under certain activation conditions, and positioning at the B-T zone interface depends on EBI2. Under conditions of type I interferon induction, EBI2 ligand levels are elevated, causing activated DCIR2+ DCs to disperse throughout the T zone. Last, we provide evidence that oxysterol metabolism by Batf3-dependent DCs is important for EBI2-dependent positioning of activated DCIR2+ DCs. This work indicates that 7α,27-HC functions as a guidance cue in vivo and reveals a multitiered role for EBI2 in DC positioning. Deficiency in this organizing system results in defective CD4+ T cell responses.
Urinary Calcium Excretion and Net Acid Excretion: Effects of Dietary Protein, Carbohydrate and Calories

The incidence of kidney stones composed of calcium oxalate and apatite is increased among the populations of developed nations 1,2 This increased frequency may be related to the dietary intake of animal protein3. Dietary protein intake is a determinant of endogenous fixed acid production, renal net excretion and external acid balance4,5 In turn, acid production, renal net acid excretion and acid balance are determinants of urinary Ca excretion and Ca balance6. Increased rate of urinary Ca excretion is one of the risk factors for Ca stone formation.
Comparison Of Different Methods Applicable For The Reptilian Urolith Analysis

ABSTRACT Reptilian uroliths have been described in the literature and appear to be a relatively common finding in the clinical herpetological medicine. Despite the fairly common encounter, a significant gap exists between the information available on mammalian uroliths and reptilian uroliths. This paper introduces the different laboratory techniques used to analyze a urolith and discusses the use of these methods in particular regard to the analysis of reptilian uroliths. Particular interest is paid to the analyzing techniques, which reveal information on the microanatomy of the urolith.
Improved calibration of the Sr/Ca-temperature relationship in the sclerosponge Ceratoporella nicholsoni: Re-evaluating Sr/Ca derived records of post-industrial era warming

Abstract Although the Sr/Ca ratio in the skeletons of sclerosponges appears to be robustly correlated with water temperature, the measurement of Sr/Ca ratios from several specimens by different workers yields unexpectedly large (up to 5 °C) increases in temperature over the past 150 years. This is considerably greater than spatially and temporally averaged observational temperature increases. One possible culprit for the larger than anticipated temperature changes in these samples arises from the calibration between temperature and Sr/Ca ratios of the skeleton that was derived from specimens grown in a relatively narrow range of high temperatures (26 to 30 °C). In order to improve the calibration, we acquired a number of samples of sclerosponges collected at lower average water temperatures (different localities and deeper water depths), and combined measurements of the Sr/Ca ratios from bulk samples representing the last ~15 years of growth with the previous calibration dataset. Analyses of these samples have produced a revised relationship between temperature and Sr/Ca ratios in the skeletons of sclerosponges. Application of this new calibration equation to published sclerosponge data reduces the magnitude of the increase in temperature reconstructed from Sr/Ca ratios to values in better agreement with spatially and temporally gridded observational ocean temperature data sets. However, the acceleration of warming indicated by nearly all Caribbean sclerosponge records over the last several decades remains unchanged by this revised calibration.
Family Psychotherapy After Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury as a way to educate and support family members. First, the neuropathology is reviewed. Then through a series of family scenarios, the loved one’s alterations in the areas of memory; executive functions; organic unawareness; mood, behavior, and communication; and physical functioning are described. This will capture the universal themes related to the global consequences of moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries. For each domain, a series of psychotherapeutic “helpful hints” and tools are presented to assist the caregiver and tier supports to better understand and cope with their loved one’s postinjury sequelae. The chapter also describes techniques learned in psychotherapy for families to manage their personal distress, depression, anxiety, and dismay emanating from the pervasive limitations related to the brain injury. Lastly, an integrative case study is presented, illustrating the amalgamation of the initial consultation and early sessions (from Chap. 2) and key content from this chapter.
Cognitive theories of persuasion

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the end-products of social psychological processes. It reviews a research on a fairly extensive history in social psychology––persuasion. Testifying to the present dominance of cognitive analyses, the cognitive theories of persuasion are concentrated and demonstrate the fruitfulness of these formulations. The social psychological perspectives are developed to be useful to practitioners. The theories of persuasion are designed to account for the attitude and belief change that occurs in people who are exposed to relatively complex messages that consist of a position advocated by a communicator. Some of the limitations of the cognitive emphasis of most contemporary theories of persuasion consider several viewpoints that emphasize motivation as cognition. The mathematically formulated combinatorial models are reviewed, which have explanatory value primarily in relation to the effects of the content of the persuasive message. The applications of persuasion theory to more practical concerns are also described in the chapter. Theories that have elaborated the cognitive mediation of persuasion are also considered in the chapter.
First-principles study of carbon capture and storage properties of porous MnO2 octahedral molecular sieve OMS-5

Based on the experimentally determined framework structure of porous MnO2 octahedral molecular sieve (OMS)-5, we used density functional theory-based calculations to evaluate the effect of Na+ cation on pore dimensionality and structural stability, and the interaction between CO2 and OMS-5. We quantified the formation energy of one CO2/unit tunnel and two CO2/unit tunnel, and projected the electronic density of states on the OMS-5 framework, CO2 molecules, and Na+ cations to reveal their individual contributions and bonding nature. Partial charge densities were also calculated to investigate CO2 adsorption behavior in the OMS-5. Our studies predict the initial stage and driving force for the adsorption of CO2 in the OMS-5, guiding the OMS material design for carbon capture and storage applications.
MON-125 Can a Lupus Flare Cause Type 1 Diabetes?

Introduction: Autoimmune (AI) polyendocrine syndrome type 2 (APS-2) is an association of autoimmune conditions characterized by at least two of the following three conditions: type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), AI thyroiditis, and primary adrenal insufficiency. APS-2 is polygenic, effects more woman than men, usually presents in adulthood, and results from loss of immune tolerance, where T cells become autoreactive with resulting lymphocytic infiltration and dysfunction of affected tissues and organs. Circulating autoantibodies can confirm the diagnosis. APS-2 is associated with other AI conditions (Celiac disease, primary ovarian insufficiency, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, vitiligo, alopecia, myasthenia gravis, and AI gastritis). We describe a case of a woman with long standing SLE initially not recognized as APS-2 syndrome, and its associated disorders. Case: A 62-year old female with history of SLE complicated by pulmonary and renal involvement, hypothyroidism, AI hemolytic anemia, Raynaud’s phenomenon, fibromyalgia, was referred to endocrinology for worsening hyperglycemia. Patient had previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2; treated with metformin. She was taking chronic prednisone at varying doses (5mg BID to 60mg daily) depending on activity of SLE. The blood glucose levels significantly increased when the steroid dose was increased due to Lupus pneumonitis, and she subsequently developed autoimmune hemolytic anemia with hemoglobin dropping from 12.7 g/dL (normal=12.0-16.0) to 5.8 g/dL in less than one month. The glycosylated hemoglobin had increased from 5.7% to 8.0% with blood glucose values up to 400’s mg/dL, while hospitalized. It was assumed that insulin resistance had worsened due to high steroid doses of methylprednisolone 125mg every 8 hrs. She was then started with basal and bolus insulin. Although previously negative, the glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD65) became positive, suggesting type 1 DM. Discussion: Although, there are reports of SLE associated with APS-2, physicians should monitor for other autoimmune endocrinopathies, such as type 1 DM, autoimmune thyroiditis and adrenal insufficiency. Chronic treatment with steroids can mislead physicians in assuming that a patient is developing increasing insulin resistance due to steroids, and not make a correct diagnosis of newly developed type 1 DM. An interesting observation made in this case is also the timeline of Lupus flare and development of type 1 DM and the associated other complications - autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Lupus pneumonitis. It could be hypothesized that increased autoreactivity of the patient’s immune system foreshadowed SLE- flare and might have been responsible for production of additional antibodies (GAD65) leading to development of type 1 DM.
Symptom Biomarkers for Children Receiving Treatment for Cancer: State of the Science :

The Children’s Oncology Group Nursing Discipline has identified the most concerning symptoms during childhood cancer treatment and the need for continued symptom assessment and intervention during ...
Current and Future Responses of Aerosol pH and Composition in the U.S. to Declining SO2 Emissions and Increasing NH3 Emissions.

Aerosol pH can affect gas-particle partitioning of semivolatile species, secondary aerosol formation, aerosol water uptake and growth, acid deposition, and, potentially, aerosol toxicity. Despite its importance, aerosol pH projected in the near future has not been addressed explicitly while investigating the response of aerosol concentrations to emission regulations. In this study, we apply CMAQ to simulate aerosol pH in 2011 and 2050 across the continental U.S. We also assess the influence of two major emission trends, declining SO2 emissions and rising NH3 emissions, with a set of sensitivity simulations. Our results show that the aerosols will remain acidic with average pH typically ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 in 2050. Further reducing domestic SO2 emissions does not significantly decrease aerosol acidity, even if SO2 emissions were reduced to preindustrial levels because of the nonlinear response of SO42– concentration to SO2 emissions, and the semivolatile NH3–NH4+ buffering effect. Aerosol pH response t...
Response Bias in Survey Measures of Voter Behavior: Implications for Measurement and Inference

This short report exploits a unique opportunity to investigate the implications of response bias in survey questions about voter turnout and vote choice in new democracies. We analyze data from a field experiment in Benin, where we gathered official election results and panel survey data representative at the village level, allowing us to directly compare average outcomes across both measurement instruments in a large number of units. We show that survey respondents consistently overreport turning out to vote and voting for the incumbent, and that the bias is large and worse in contexts where question sensitivity is higher. This has important implications for the inferences we draw about an experimental treatment, indicating that the response bias we identify is correlated with treatment. Although the results using the survey data suggest that the treatment had the hypothesized impact, they are also consistent with social desirability bias. By contrast, the administrative data lead to the conclusion that the treatment had no effect.
Operative Exposures for Chest Trauma: The Median Sternotomy and Left Anterolateral Thoracotomy

This chapter will focus on two exposures to evaluate chest trauma and the indications to use a left anterolateral thoractomy vs. a median sternotomy. A patient with thoracic trauma requires logical and sequential evaluation; only about 20% of thoracic trauma requires an operation. It is important for the surgeon to evaluate whether the patient needs a damage control thoracic procedure or a formal surgical intervention.
Carrier lifetime of black silicon as a photoconductor

Photoconducting properties of heavily doped black silicon (BSi) fabricated by laser-chemical etching method have been investigated. BSi is used as a photoconductor in the study of carrier transport, photo response and minority carrier lifetime of the BSi material. It is found that the BSi is a good photoconductor with enhanced absorption in NIR from the density of states from the cone like spikes on 2 D surface. Metal contacts can be easily made by inserting metal stripes onto the BSi surface due to its high conductivity. Photocurrent spectra were measured under different voltages in the wavelength range 300 nm ~ 1300 nm. From the linear relationship between the photocurrent and the voltage, the minority carrier lifetime is determined to be about 171 μs for an electron density of 7x1017 cm-3 , which is more than 17 times as long as that for n-type silicon. The experimental results demonstrates that the BSi is a suitable material for solar cells not only as absorber but also as conductor.
Revision of Acroleptus Bourgeois, 1886 and descriptions of New Acroleptina taxa (Coleoptera, Lycidae, Calopterini)

The Neotropical lycid genus Acroleptus Bourgeois, 1886 is revised and illustrations of diagnostic characters, geographic distribution maps and an identification key to the species are presented. Ac...
Prior evolution in stochastic versus constant temperatures affects RNA virus evolvability at a thermal extreme.

It is unclear how historical adaptation versus maladaptation in a prior environment affects population evolvability in a novel habitat. Prior work showed that vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) populations evolved at constant 37°C improved in cellular infection at both 29°C and 37°C; in contrast, those evolved under random changing temperatures between 29°C and 37°C failed to improve. Here, we tested whether prior evolution affected the rate of adaptation at the thermal-niche edge: 40°C. After 40 virus generations in the new environment, we observed that populations historically evolved at random temperatures showed greater adaptability. Deep sequencing revealed that most of the newly evolved mutations were de novo. Also, two novel evolved mutations in the VSV glycoprotein and replicase genes tended to co-occur in the populations previously evolved at constant 37°C, whereas this parallelism was not seen in populations with prior random temperature evolution. These results suggest that prior adaptation under constant versus random temperatures constrained the mutation landscape that could improve fitness in the novel 40°C environment, perhaps owing to differing epistatic effects of new mutations entering genetic architectures that earlier diverged. We concluded that RNA viruses maladapted to their previous environment could "leapfrog" over counterparts of higher fitness, to achieve faster adaptability in a novel environment.
Disrupting to Sustain: Teacher Preparation Through Innovative Teaching and Learning Practices

The main purpose of this paper is to respond to the call to re-envision higher education and to share experiences of hope that provide concrete examples about possibilities of enacting liberatory education in higher education. This article focuses on the work of one junior faculty member and four doctoral students who participate in a critical inquiry group and research collective called the “Critical Education Research Collective,” (CERC). As social justice educators, in this shared space we engage in meaningful teaching and inquiry practices that involve teaching and research methodologies, education theory, dialogue, reflection and praxis. While research has highlighted the ways in which inquiry groups can be used as an intentional and systematic examination into teaching practice, this essay describes the structure, functioning, theoretical standpoints and the process of becoming a doctoral student and professor-led critical inquiry group. The group came together as a way to sustain the work and research development of both the doctoral students and the junior faculty in the collective.
Evaluation of a conserved tryptophanyl residue in donor substrate binding and catalysis by a phenol sulfotransferase (SULT1A1).

Abstract Structural determinations of members of the sulfotransferase (SULT) family suggest a direct interaction between a conserved tryptophanyl side chain and bound 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate (PAP). We have prepared and purified mutants of the bovine SULT1A1, a very conserved homolog to the human SULT1A1, in which tryptophanyl-53 was sequentially trimmed to tyrosine, leucine, and alanine. Differential scanning fluorimetry indicated structural stabilities of the mutant proteins comparable to the wild type SULT1A1; however, less thermal stabilizations by PAP plus pentachlorophenol were observed with the mutants, suggesting weakened ligand binding. Protein fluorescence of the wild type enzyme decreased 6.5% upon binding PAP, whereas no changes occurred with the mutant enzymes. This reveals that W53, or its positional counterpart, has been the source of emission intensity changes used in previous investigations of other SULTs. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer from excited tryptophans to bound 7-hydroxycoumarin, as induced by PAP, indicated weakened binding of ligands to the mutant SULTs. This was also encountered and quantified in initial rate kinetic analyses. Ablation of the PAPS adenine-to-W53 ring interaction, shown by the W53A mutant enzyme, resulted in a 6.4-fold increase in KPAPS and a 92% decrease in kcat/KPAPS. Measured KPAPS values reveal the W53 indole ring contribution to PAPS binding to be 1.1 kcal/mol (4.6 kJ/mol). These results verify the structurally-inferred role for the π−π stacking interaction between PAP(S) and the conserved tryptophanyl residue in SULT1A1 and other members of the SULT family.
Codebooks for Cycles of Obviousness

These are the codebooks for the study reported in Cycles of Obviousness (2019), which contain the instructions on how to code district and Federal Circuit opinions with determinations of patent obviousness issued between 2003 and 2013.
An interventional approach to left ventricular assist device outflow graft obstruction.

Background LVADs provide life-sustaining treatment for patients with heart failure, but their complexity allows for complications. One complication, LVAD outflow graft obstruction, may be misdiagnosed as intraluminal thrombus, when more often it is extraluminal compression from biodebris accumulation. It can often be treated endovascularly with stenting. This case series describes diagnostic and procedural techniques for the treatment of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) outflow graft obstruction. Methods We present four patients with LVADs who developed LVAD outflow graft obstruction within the bend relief-covered segment. All were initially diagnosed with computed tomographic angiography (CTA). All underwent invasive evaluation with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), then were treated with stenting. After misdiagnosing a twist, we developed the technique of balloon "graftoplasty" to ensure suitability for stent delivery in subsequent cases. Results All patients presented with low-flow alarms and symptoms of low output, and were diagnosed with outflow graft obstruction by CTA. In all four, IVUS confirmed an extraluminal etiology. Patient 1 was treated with stenting and had a good outcome. Patient 2's obstruction was from twisting, rather than biodebris accumulation, and had sub-optimal stent expansion and ultimately required surgery. Balloon "graftoplasty" was used in subsequent cases to ensure subsequent stent expansion. Patients 3 and 4 were successfully stented. All improved after treatment. Conclusions In patients with LVAD outflow graft obstruction, IVUS can distinguish intraluminal thrombus from extraluminal compression. Balloon "graftoplasty" can ensure that the outflow graft will respond to stenting. Many cases of LVAD outflow graft obstruction should be amenable to endovascular treatment.
Robotically aligned optical coherence tomography for socially distanced clinical ophthalmic imaging

The physical distancing requirements necessary to prevent spread of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, requires a change in approach for clinical ophthalmic imaging. Conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems require patients to position themselves in chin/forehead rests for stabilization with the system operator in close proximity. We developed a robotically aligning OCT (RAOCT) system that provides volumetric retinal images encompassing both the optic nerve head and fovea. Our RAOCT system self aligned to subjects’ eyes (seated, no contact with restraints), acquired OCT images of both normal and diseased retinas, all with allowing the operator behind a barrier >2 m from the subjects.
Latest Insights on the Pathogenesis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome is multifactorial and complex. Our understanding of its pathophysiology has evolved, but remains incompletely understood. Symptoms result from a dysregulation of brain-gut interactions. Evidence has identified alterations in central and peripheral (gut) mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome and the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut. Pertinent mechanisms include disturbed gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, altered mucosal and immune function, altered gut microbiota, and altered central nervous system processing. This review addresses factors that increase the risk of irritable bowel syndrome and the central and peripheral mechanisms thought to underlie its symptoms.