cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PRC1 controls spindle polarization and recruitment of cytokinetic factors during monopolar cytokinesis.

PRC1 and KIF4A are believed to play a critical role in organizing antiparallel microtubules of the central spindle. Separable and non­redundant roles for these proteins were uncovered using cells w...
Domain walls in nano-thin permalloy films

Nano magnetic devices and current interest in nano-magnetism has motivated a new look at domain walls appropriate to such small sizes. Although the analytic expression for a Bloch wall in a soft magnetic material, such as Permalloy, was useful for large structures and thick films, understanding walls in thin layers as used in nano-devices is best served by computer simulation. An extensive study of walls in Permalloy like films as a function of film thickness has been made and will be discussed. For micron and sub-micron layers, it is clear that the static and dynamic shape of the wall is dominated by Neel caps at each surface and a vortex in the body of the film. These structures become the defining characteristic for thin films. The wall width, shape and extent are all manipulated by Neel caps and vortex extent. Wall mobility is sensitive to the shape, i.e., it depends upon whether the wall center is moving into the vortex or away. Wall chirality change, an Horizontal Bloch-like character, has been found in sub-micron films. In finite films, a blocking structure has been simulated based on vortex interaction with a film boundary and wall chirality change.
Pulsed dye laser-induced inflammatory response and extracellular matrix turnover in rat vocal folds and vocal fold fibroblasts.

Background and Objectives Disruption of the vocal fold extracellular matrix (ECM) can induce a profound and refractory dysphonia. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) irradiation has shown early promise as a treatment modality for disordered ECM in patients with chronic vocal fold scar; however, there are limited data addressing the mechanism by which this laser energy might induce cellular and extracellular changes in vocal fold tissues. In this study, we examined the inflammatory and ECM modulating effects of PDL irradiation on normal vocal fold tissues and cultured vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs). Study Design/Materials and Methods We evaluated the effects of 585 nm PDL irradiation on inflammatory cytokine and collagen/collagenase gene transcription in normal rat vocal folds in vivo (3–168 hours following delivery of ∼39.46 J/cm2 fluence) and VFFs in vitro (3–72 hours following delivery of 4.82 or 9.64 J/cm2 fluence). We also examined morphological vocal fold tissue changes 3 hours, 1 week, and 1 month post-irradiation. Results PDL irradiation altered inflammatory cytokine and procollagen/collagenase expression at the transcript level, both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, PDL irradiation induced an inflammatory repair process in vivo that was completed by 1 month with preservation of normal tissue morphology. Conclusions PDL irradiation can modulate ECM turnover in phenotypically normal vocal folds. Additional work is required to determine if these findings extend to disordered ECM, such as is seen in vocal fold scar. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:585–594, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
VLSI implementation of a pulse Hebbian learning law

The authors describe a Hebbian learning rule which is particularly well suited for VLSI implementation. The authors first introduce a signal coding method where signal information is represented as pulse probabilities. The authors then briefly describe the functionality of an impulse neuron circuit in terms of that method. Competitive learning is then reviewed in the context of the probabilistic representation. The pulse Hebbian learning law is then introduced and analyzed in these terms. The authors close with an example of a simple pulse Hebbian synapse circuit for use in a competitive neural network. >
Empirical Support for Cardiovascular Health The Case Gets Even Stronger

Recently, the American Heart Association (AHA) adopted a new and ambitious strategic goal: “by 2020, to improve the cardiovascular health of all Americans by 20% while reducing deaths from cardiovascular disease by 20%.”1 In the process, it defined a new concept, cardiovascular health, which comprises 7 components: 4 ideal health behaviors (nonsmoking, body mass index <25 kg/m2, physical activity at goal levels, and a diet consistent with current recommendations) together with 3 ideal health factors (untreated total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure <120/<80 mm Hg, and fasting blood glucose <100 mg/dL). This new approach emphasizes prevention with a focus on achieving and sustaining desirable behaviors. Articles see pp 987 and 996 At the time of the AHA report, the health benefits of each of the 7 individual components were well supported by available literature. A few studies had also defined the relationship of clusters of ideal levels of risk factors and behaviors and had assessed their relationship with health outcomes, quality of life, and cost.2–6 Specifically, Stamler defined low cardiovascular risk as a cluster of optimal levels of traditional cardiovascular risk factors,3 whereas Stampfer defined a cluster of ideal lifestyle behaviors.4 Yet, in 2010, when the AHA published its 2020 strategic goal, there was no available research on the new metric, cardiovascular health. In the current issue of Circulation , 2 articles address this gap and provide complementary data related to cardiovascular health or at least a forme fruste. Liu et al7 assessed the relationship between adopting a healthy lifestyle during young adulthood and the prevalence of a low cardiovascular-risk profile in middle age. The research was conducted in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) cohort study, which enrolled young adults …
Proline over-production results in enhanced osmotolerance in Salmonella typhimurium.

Mutants of S. typhimurium with enhanced osmotolerance were isolated. These mutants were obtained as strains which over-produced proline due to regulatory mutations affecting proline biosynthesis. The mutations are located on F′proBA and upon transfer to other S. typhimurium strains, they confer enhanced osmotolerance on the recipients. The osmotolerant mutants not only have higher intracellular proline levels than the osmosensitive parental strain, but the proline levels in the osmotolerant mutants are regulated such that they increase in response to osmotic stress. Possible reasons why elevated proline levels lead to enhanced osmotolerance are discussed.
Humoral rejection in pediatric orthotopic heart transplantation.

Background Pediatric heart transplant grafts may fail without evidence of cellular rejection or transplant coronary artery disease. The role of antibody-mediated humoral rejection (HR) in graft failure has not yet been described in the pediatric population. Methods We reviewed the medical records of 103 pediatric heart transplantations performed at our institution from July 1997 to June 2004. Biopsy specimens were evaluated for HR histologically and by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence staining. Risk factors for HR were determined by statistical analysis. Graft survival curves were constructed and compared for patients testing negative or positive for HR. Results A total of 358 endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) from 103 pediatric heart transplant patients (age 3 weeks to 20 years; 52% males) were analyzed for HR. Thirty-six grafts (32%) showed evidence of HR. Grafts with a history of HR during the first year after transplant had a 47% failure rate over 3 years, compared with 29% of those hearts with no evidence of HR ( p = 0.06). Although patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) appeared to be at greatest risk for developing HR ( p = 0.01), patients with positive donor-specific crossmatch data showed a trend toward more significant risks for HR ( p = 0.055). Hemodynamic data (including pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCWP] and cardiac index [CI]), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), gender matching, recipient age, race of recipient vs donor and pre-transplant panel-reactive antibody (PRA) were not predictive of HR. Conclusions Patients with a pathologic diagnosis of HR have increased graft failure rates and overall mortality. Patients with congenital heart disease and positive cross-match results may be at increased risk for HR.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval Summary: Erlotinib for the First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Exon 19 Deletions or Exon 21 (L858R) Substitution Mutations

On May 14, 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved erlotinib (Tarceva, Astellas Pharma Inc., Northbrook, IL, http://www.us.astellas.com/) for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations. This indication for erlotinib was approved concurrently with the cobas EGFR Mutation Test (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Basel, Switzerland, http://www.molecular.roche.com), a companion diagnostic test for patient selection. The approval was based on clinically important improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) and an acceptable toxicity profile demonstrated in a multicenter, open label trial enrolling 174 patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors had EGFR mutations as determined by a laboratory-developed test. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive erlotinib (150 mg/day) or platinum-based doublet chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed PFS. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and ORR. Superior PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23, 0.49; p < .001) and ORR (65% vs. 16%) were observed in the erlotinib arm. Median PFS was 10.4 months and 5.2 months in the erlotinib and chemotherapy arms, respectively. There was no difference in OS (HR 0.93; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.35) with median OS of 22.9 months and 19.5 months in the erlotinib and chemotherapy arms, respectively. The most frequent (≥30%) adverse reactions in the erlotinib-treated patients were rash, diarrhea, asthenia, cough, dyspnea, and decreased appetite. The most frequent (≥5%) grade 3 and 4 adverse reactions were rash and diarrhea.
Family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa

Successful treatment of anorexia nervosa remains elusive for many cases. Involving the family in the treatment of adolescents with anorexia nervosa has proved to be of benefit for young clients with a short duration of illness. In fact, the benefits of family therapy have been shown to be enduring at five-year follow-up. Engaging in treatment and commitment to therapy are important factors affecting treatment outcome. For instance, parental criticism of the anorexic offspring can lead to early dropout of treatment or poor outcome in treatment. The case presented in this article demonstrates how the family's help can be solicited in restoring the adolescent's health in much the same way had the client been admitted to a specialist inpatient facility. Although the treatment in this case was relatively uncomplicated and brief, the family had to overcome their initial exasperation with the client's self-starvation in order to be helpful in the process of the adolescent's weight restoration. When this initial stumbling block was resolved, in part by the therapist's modeling of an uncritical stance toward the client's dilemma, the family was successful in nurturing their daughter back to health. Once the client's weight was restored, and the adolescent reintegrated with her peer group, she could negotiate her continued individuation from her parents, but without the eating disorder to cloud their relationship.
Facilitating Student Learning through Contextualization: A Review of Evidence

This is a review of evidence for contextualization, defined here as an instructional approach connecting foundational skills and college-level content. Two forms of contextualization are identified...
Building a Medical Neighborhood in the Safety Net: An Innovative Technology Improves Hematuria Workups

Objective To analyze whether ereferral is associated with decreased time to completion of hematuria workup. Methods We included 100 individuals referred to Olive View-UCLA Medical Center for urologic consultation for hematuria. Half were referred before implementation of ereferral, and half were referred after the system was implemented. We performed bivariate analysis to assess correlations of baseline subject sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with ereferral status. We also created a multivariate linear regression model for log days to completion of hematuria workup, with ereferral as the main predictor and subject sociodemographic and clinical characteristics as covariates. Results Excluding cases with an infectious cause, the mean number of days from urinalysis documenting hematuria to completed hematuria workup was 404 days before ereferral and 192 days after implementation of ereferral (median 239 vs 170; 2-sample median P = .0013). Upper tract imaging was obtained at a median of 76 days after initial positive urinalysis in the absence of infection, 122 days before ereferral, and 41 days after implementation of ereferral (2-sample median P = .1114). In all cases, lower tract evaluation was completed after upper tract imaging. Our multivariable model evaluating factors associated with time to hematuria workup demonstrated that ereferral use was independently associated with shorter time to hematuria workup ( P = .006). Conclusion Electronic consultations can significantly shorten the time to work-up of hematuria in the safety net.
Interwoven Roles of Cyclin D3 and cdk4 Recruited by ICP0 and ICP4 in the Expression of Herpes Simplex Virus Genes

Elsewhere this laboratory reported that (i) ICP0 interacts with cyclin D3 but not D1 or D2. The 3 cyclins independently partially rescue ΔICP0 mutants. (ii) Interaction with cyclin D3 is required for the switch from nuclear to cytoplasmic accumulation of ICP0. (iii) In infected cells cdk4 is activated whereas cdk2 is not. Inhibition of cdk4 results in nuclear retention of ICP0. Overexpression of cyclin D3 reverses the effect of the inhibitor. Here we report the following. (i) cdk4 interacts with ICP0, ICP4, and possibly with ICP8. This interaction is required to recruit cdk4 initially to ND10 and later to the viral replication compartments. (ii) cdk4 inhibitor I reduced or delayed the transcription and ultimately translation of mRNAs of ICP4, ICP27, or ICP8 and to a lesser extent that of the ICP0 gene in wild-type virus-infected cells. (iii) Overexpression of cyclin D3 resulted in a more rapid transcription of these genes. In the presence of inhibitor, the rates of accumulation of the products of these genes resemble those of wild-type virus in the absence of inhibitor. (iv) Overexpression of cyclin D3 also results in mobilization of cdk6 in nuclei of infected cells. We conclude that ICP0 encodes a function that enhances the recruitment of cyclin D3 to ND10 structures to activate cdk4 and that ICP0 along with other viral proteins recruits cdk4 to ND10 structures and ultimately to replication compartments for enhanced expression of viral genes and viral DNA synthesis.
Abnormalities of T cell signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease resulting from a loss of tolerance to multiple self antigens, and characterized by autoantibody production and inflammatory cell infiltration in target organs, such as the kidneys and brain. T cells are critical players in SLE pathophysiology as they regulate B cell responses and also infiltrate target tissues, leading to tissue damage. Abnormal signaling events link to defective gene transcription and altered cytokine production, contributing to the aberrant phenotype of T cells in SLE. Study of signaling and gene transcription abnormalities in SLE T cells has led to the identification of novel targets for therapy.
In vivo inflammatory and wound healing effects of gold electrode voltammetry for MEMS micro-reservoir drug delivery device

The in vivo biocompatibility and biofouling of gold electrodes for a microelectromechanical systems drug delivery device were investigated in a rodent model. The role of the applied voltage and gold electrolysis products in modulating the inflammatory response (biocompatibility), and the temporal adhesion of cellular populations onto macroscopic gold film electrodes (biofouling) were analyzed in reference to two controls, devices to which voltage was not applied (uncorroded) or voltage was applied to inert platinum electrodes (electrical controls). Voltammetry was applied to the gold surfaces once (day 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, or 49), while voltage of identical magnitude was applied to the electrical controls. An inflammatory response characterized by a rapid decrease of leukocyte concentration to control levels was observed 48 h following voltage application with no significant cell concentration difference (p>0.05) between the corroded devices and electrical controls. The histological evaluation of the direct implant fibrous capsule showed comparable thickness of voltage applied and control specimens. The gold corrosion peak current showed no significant difference (p>0.05) among peak values at all time points. It was concluded that gold electrode corrosion was biocompatible and its electrochemical performance was not hindered by fibrous capsule formation.
Metabolic encephalopathies in foals – pay attention to the serum biochemistry panel!

Summary Careful assessment of the biochemistry panel and familiarity with normal biochemistry values for neonatal foals is imperative in the workup of any critically ill neonate, particularly those with neurological signs. The importance of rapidity of change compared to the absolute value of the biochemical abnormality must be emphasised. Serial biochemical panels ideally assist in assessing rapidity of change. Many foals can have severe biochemical derangements in the absence of seizures. Identifying values that are significantly out of range should spur immediate therapy to correct them and potentially additional diagnostic testing to determine the cause of the abnormalities. A temporal relationship between correction of biochemical abnormalities and resolution of seizures and encephalopathic signs supports causation.
Skin Diseases Autoantibodies

Publisher Summary This chapter includes autoimmune blistering diseases associated with antidesmosomal and antihemidesmosomal antibodies. Spontaneous blister formation characterizes the acquired autoimmune blistering skin diseases specific for squamous epithelia. Pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris were shown to react with components of the desmosome, an adhesion-related structure associated with the keratinocyte cell surface. The specific autoantibodies and the developments in the immunopathology of these autoimmune diseases of the skin are reviewed.
Editorial: On the First Issue of "Issues and Trends in Educational Technology"

A brief introduction to our view of the history and role of educational technology and its practitioners, and a statement of our standards and vision for this journal.
Post-secondary Science Students’ Explanations of Randomness and Variation and Implications for Science Learning

The concepts of randomness and variation are pervasive in science. The purpose of this study was to document how post-secondary life science students explain randomness and variation, infer relationships between their explanations, and ability to describe and identify appropriate and inappropriate variation, and determine if students can identify sources of variation. An instrument designed to test statistical concepts was administered to 282 college students from three universities, ranging from introductory non-science majors to science graduate students. Students readily distinguished between causes of variation. A naive no-pattern concept of randomness persisted from first-year non-science majors to senior-level science majors, contributing to incorrect responses on the variation instrument. Students’ expressions of randomness were better predictors of performance on the variation instrument than their expressions of variation. It is argued that inclusion of everyday language uses of randomness in instruction can bridge the gap between vernacular and scientific uses of this term.
Quasiclassical trajectory study of the CH3++HD-->CH2D++H2 Reaction.

A full dimensional ab initio potential energy surface for the CH 5 + system based on coupled cluster electronic structure calculations and capable of describing the dissociation of methonium ion into methyl cation and molecular hydrogen (J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 1569) is used in quasiclassical trajectory calculations of the reaction CH 3 + + HD → CH 2 D + + H 2 for low collision energies of relevance to astrochemistry. Cross sections for the exchange are obtained at several relative translational energies and a fit to the energy dependence of the cross sections is used to obtain the rate constant at temperatures between 10 and 50 K. The calculated rate constant at 10 K agrees well with the previously reported experimental value. Internal energy distributions of the products are presented and discussed in the context of zero-point energy "noncompliance".
Molecular Dynamics Studies of the Adatom Induced Rearrangement of the Silicon {100} Surface

A molecular dynamics simulation of the silicon adatom induced rearrangement of the silicon {100} symmetric dimer reconstructed surface has been performed. Surface diffusion is proposed to play a critical role in the reordering of this surface which leads to good epitaxy while it plays much less of a role in the reordering induced by an amorphous overlayer. These results are used to provide atomic-scale models which are consistent with high-energy ion channeling/blocking and LEED studies by Gossman and Feldman of the initial stages of silicon growth on this surface.
Modeling and Simulation of Combustion of Solid Propellant Ingredients Using Detailed Chemical Kinetics

Over the past several years, the capability of modeling premixed combustion using detailed kinetic mechanisms has been evolving and successfully applied to solid propellant ingredients. The approach utilizes a one-dimensional description of both the gas and condensed phases of a homogeneous ingredient. Emphasis has been placed on steady state combustion, but there has also been limited applications describing both ignition and oscillatory combustion. Initially, a significant effort was placed on modeling RDX combustion over a wide range of ambient conditions, resulting in burning rates and flame structures that agree closely with experimental measurements. As part of the analysis, a gas phase mechanism based on 45 species and 232 reaction steps was developed, which has subsequently provided a basis for application to other propellant ingredients. The approach not only allows calculating burning rate as a function of pressure, but also temperature sensitivity and spatial distributions of temperature and species concentrations. Models have also been adapted for HMX, GAP, GAP/RDX, GAP/HMX, NG, BTTN, GAP/BTTN, ADN, AP, AP/HTPB, etc. The principle challenge is determining a reaction mechanism for the condensed phase.
Biologically Inspired Smart Release System Based on 3D Bioprinted Perfused Scaffold for Vascularized Tissue Regeneration

A critical challenge to the development of large-scale artificial tissue grafts for defect reconstruction is vascularization of the tissue construct. As an emerging tissue/organ manufacturing technique, 3D bioprinting offers great precision in controlling the internal architecture of a scaffold with preferable mechanical strength and printing complicated microstructures comparable to native tissue. However, current bioprinting techniques still exhibit difficulty in achieving biomimetic nano resolution and cooperating with bioactive spatiotemporal signals. In this study, a comprehensive design of engineered vascularized bone construct is presented for the first time by integrating biomimetic 3D bioprinted fluid perfused microstructure with biologically inspired smart release nanocoating, which is regarded as an aspiring concept combining engineering, biological, and material science. In this biologically inspired design, angiogenesis and osteogenesis are successively induced through a matrix metalloprotease 2 regulative mechanism by delivering dual growth factors with sequential release in spatiotemporal coordination. Availability of this system is evaluated in dynamic culture condition, which is similar to fluid surrounding in vivo, as an alternative animal model study. Results, particularly from co-cultured dynamically samples demonstrate excellent bioactivity and vascularized bone forming potential of nanocoating modified 3D bioprinted scaffolds for human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Reason analysis of stall for variable static blade axial-flow induced draft fan

The paper discussed the reasons of stall for variable static blade axial-flow induced draft fan,the features of stall and its harm.Some means were proposed to solve it after the ultimate reasons were found out according to the mechanism of the fan.
Effect of Re-solution and Re-ageing on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of 7175 Aluminum

The effect of re-solution and re-ageing on microstructural and mechanical properties of 7175 aluminum were evaluated by means of SEM ?TEM ?mechanical properties and conductivity tests . The results show that the best general properties can be attained by means of 480℃×2 h+180℃×1 h+110℃×6 h+180℃×5 h.
Consumption of Meals Prepared at Home and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: An Analysis of Two Prospective Cohort Studies

Background There has been a trend towards increased dining out in many countries. Consuming food prepared out of the home has been linked to poor diet quality, weight gain, and diabetes risk, but whether having meals prepared at home (MPAH) is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unknown. Methods and Findings We followed 58,051 women (from 1986 to 2012) and 41,676 men (from 1986 to 2010) in two prospective cohort studies of health professionals. Frequencies of consuming midday or evening MPAH were assessed at baseline and during follow-up. Incident T2D was identified through self-report and confirmed using a validated supplementary questionnaire. During 2.1 million person-years of follow-up, 9,356 T2D cases were documented. After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of T2D were 1 (reference), 0.93 (0.88–0.99), 0.96 (0.90–1.03), and 0.86 (0.81–0.91) for those eating 0–6, 7–8, 9–10, and 11–14 MPAH (p-trend < 0.001) per week, respectively. Participants eating 5–7 midday MPAH had 9% lower T2D risk than those with 0–2 midday MPAH, and participants having 5–7 evening MPAH had 15% lower risk than those with 0–2 evening MPAH (both p-trend < 0.001). In the first 8 y of follow-up, women and men who consumed 11–14 MPAH per week had 0.34 kg (95% CI: 0.15–0.53; p < 0.001) and 1.23 kg (95% CI: 0.92–1.54) less weight gain than those with 0–6 MPAH, respectively. Among participants who were nonobese (body mass index [BMI] < 30 kg/m2) at baseline, pooled HR (95% CI) of developing obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was 0.86 (0.82–0.91; p-trend < 0.001) when extreme MPAH groups (11–14 MPAH versus 0–6 MPAH) were compared. When midday and evening MPAH were analyzed separately, HRs comparing extreme groups (5–7 MPAH versus 0–2 MPAH) were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89–0.97, p-trend = 0.003) for midday MPAH and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.70–0.83; p-trend < 0.001) for evening MPAH. Further adjusting for BMI during follow-up attenuated the association between MPAH and T2D risk: the HR (95% CI) for participants with 11–14 MPAH was 0.95 (0.89–1.01, p-trend = 0.13). The main limitations of our study were that it lacked assessments on individual foods constituting the MPAH and that the findings were limited to health professionals with a relatively homogeneous socioeconomic status. Conclusions In two large prospective cohort studies, frequent consumption of MPAH is associated with a lower risk of developing T2D, and this association is partly attributable to less weight gain linked with this dining behavior.
A Comparison of Outcomes of Triceps Motor Branch-to-Axillary Nerve Transfer or Sural Nerve Interpositional Grafting for Isolated Axillary Nerve Injury.

Background:Deltoid paralysis following isolated axillary nerve injury can be managed with triceps motor branch transfer or interpositional grafting. No consensus exists on the treatment that results in superior deltoid function. The purpose of this study was to review the authors’ experience with ax
Dipole of the Epoch of Reionization 21-cm Signal

The motion of the Solar System with respect to the cosmic rest frame modulates the monopole of the epoch of reionization 21-cm signal into a dipole. This dipole has a characteristic frequency dependence that is dominated by the frequency derivative of the monopole signal. We argue that although the signal is weaker by a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}100$, there are significant benefits in measuring the dipole. Most importantly, the direction of the cosmic velocity vector is known exquisitely well from the cosmic microwave background and is not aligned with the galaxy velocity vector that modulates the foreground monopole. Moreover, an experiment designed to measure a dipole can rely on differencing patches of the sky rather than making an absolute signal measurement, which helps with some systematic effects.
Abstract 1440: Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Sod2) modulates ovarian clear cell carcinoma transcoelomic metastatic pathway

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a highly aggressive histological subtype that represents approximately 10% of all ovarian cancer cases and displays high expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Sod2), a major mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme. In the female body ovarian cancer cells metastasize via the transcoelomic route, where cells detach from the primary tumor into the intraperitoneal (IP) cavity and survive as unattached single cells or spheroid aggregates until they get carried via ascites fluid to the omental wall and surrounding organs for metastatic colonization. Ovarian cancer spheroids evade anoikis and display strong resistant to most anti-proliferative cancer drugs. This may contribute to the high recurrence rate and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. The present study suggests that Sod2 is critically important for the key events of this transcoelomic metastatic route of OCCC. Levels of Sod2 are further increased in OCCC cell lines when these are cultured as anchorage-independent spheroid aggregates, suggesting that Sod2 may play a major role in spheroid stability and survival. When Sod2 levels are reduced using RNA interference, spheroid morphology of ES-2 OCCC cell line is compromised, suggesting a potential correlation between anoikis resistant and Sod2 levels in OCCC. Sod2 knockdown compromises mitochondrial metabolism, as a consequence of reduced superoxide scavenging, and enhances spheroid sensitivity to cisplatin. In addition, Sod2 is necessary for spheroid attachment and outgrowth on extracellular matrix components, representing the invasion of spheroids into the omental wall. Further, tumor cell metastasis is attenuated with reduced Sod2 levels when ES-2 spheroids are placed on the vasculature of the Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Scavenging H2O2 by exogenous addition of catalase inhibits the migration of OCCC and our data suggest that high levels of Sod2 in OCCC shift the intracellular redox balance to drive H2O2-dependent pro-metastatic signaling. These results indicate that Sod2 plays a major role in OCCC tumor metastasis, by regulating survival and chemoresistance of tumor spheroids in the IP cavity and by supporting attachment and migration at secondary metastatic sites. Inhibition of Sod2 can be a potential therapeutic target against OCCC transcoelomic metastasis. Citation Format: L.P.Madhubhani P. Hemachandra, Usawadee Dier, Nadine Hempel. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Sod2) modulates ovarian clear cell carcinoma transcoelomic metastatic pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1440. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1440
Canadian Jewish Population, 2016

The Canadian Jewish population has seen only modest growth in the past 20 years, following a more significant increase between 1981 and 1991. The latter decade coincided with the beginning of significant immigration by Jews from the Former Soviet Union. Jews reside in every region of Canada including the Northern Territories, although they are concentrated heavily in the major urban centers. The metropolitan area of Toronto is home to 188,710 Jews, and includes about half (48.2 %) of Canada's Jewish population. The Montreal community numbers 90,780 Jews. The median age of Canadian Jews is slightly older than the national average, but much older than ethnic groups with large numbers of more recent immigrants. The Canadian Jewish population has a slightly larger proportion of children (age 0–14) than the total population (18.2 % and 17.0 % respectively) and a significantly larger proportion of persons over age 65 than the overall Canadian population (16.9 % and 13.9 % respectively). There are 17,300 Holocaust Survivors living in Canada, composing 0.4 % of the country’s total senior population of 4,221,245. Survivors represent 28.2 % of Canada’s Jewish seniors. In short, more than a quarter (28.2 %) of 61,270 elderly Jews over age 65 are Survivors.
Consumer innovativeness and international consumer behavior: Comments and extensions

ABSTRACTThis study aims to discuss consumer innovativeness, as proffered by Kim, Di Benedetto, and Hunt in the Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science and found in other work carried out by Kim et al. We first review research pertaining to the dimensionality of innovativeness in the study of the consumer decision process. We then review current trends in research regarding innovation. Finally, we make several suggestions in the interests of improving research on the concept, with a particular focus on social interaction surrounding various forms of innovation.
The Dirac Monopole

We begin by reviewing Dirac’s treatment of the magnetic monopole. While we will take a brief look at some of the basic ideas of quantum mechanics, very few details are actually needed for Dirac’s elegant derivation. Our treatment of the basics is close to [L-L], with all the physics carefully eliminated.
Viscosity jump in the lower mantle inferred from melting curves of ferropericlase.

Convection provides the mechanism behind plate tectonics, which allows oceanic lithosphere to be subducted into the mantle as “slabs” and new rock to be generated by volcanism. Stagnation of subducting slabs and deflection of rising plumes in Earth’s shallow lower mantle have been suggested to result from a viscosity increase at those depths. However, the mechanism for this increase remains elusive. Here, we examine the melting behavior in the MgO–FeO binary system at high pressures using the laser-heated diamond-anvil cell and show that the liquidus and solidus of (Mg x Fe1−x )O ferropericlase (x = ~0.52–0.98), exhibit a local maximum at ~40 GPa, likely caused by the spin transition of iron. We calculate the relative viscosity profiles of ferropericlase using homologous temperature scaling and find that viscosity increases 10–100 times from ~750 km to ~1000–1250 km, with a smaller decrease at deeper depths, pointing to a single mechanism for slab stagnation and plume deflection. Viscosity increase in the mantle may cause slab stagnation and plume deflection, but the cause has been unclear. Here, the authors perform experiments showing that the viscosity of ferropericlase increases by 10–100 times from 750 to 1250 km depth indicating a single mechanism for these observations.
Colonoscopy surveillance for high risk polyps does not always prevent colorectal cancer

Aim To determine the frequency and risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) development among individuals with resected advanced adenoma (AA)/traditional serrated adenoma (TSA)/advanced sessile serrated adenoma (ASSA). Methods Data was collected from medical records of 14663 subjects found to have AA, TSA, or ASSA at screening or surveillance colonoscopy. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease or known genetic predisposition for CRC were excluded from the study. Factors associated with CRC developing after endoscopic management of high risk polyps were calculated in 4610 such patients who had at least one surveillance colonoscopy within 10 years following the original polypectomy of the incident advanced polyp. Results 84/4610 (1.8%) patients developed CRC at the polypectomy site within a median of 4.2 years (mean 4.89 years), and 1.2% (54/4610) developed CRC in a region distinct from the AA/TSA/ASSA resection site within a median of 5.1 years (mean 6.67 years). Approximately, 30% (25/84) of patients who developed CRC at the AA/TSA/ASSA site and 27.8% (15/54) of patients who developed CRC at another site had colonoscopy at recommended surveillance intervals. Increasing age; polyp size; male sex; right-sided location; high degree of dysplasia; higher number of polyps resected; and piecemeal removal were associated with an increased risk for CRC development at the same site as the index polyp. Increasing age; right-sided location; higher number of polyps resected and sessile endoscopic appearance of the index AA/TSA/ASSA were significantly associated with an increased risk for CRC development at a different site. Conclusion Recognition that CRC may develop following AA/TSA/ASSA removal is one step toward improving our practice efficiency and preventing a portion of CRC related morbidity and mortality.
Language and Power: Teaching Writing to Third World Graduate Students

This chapter explores the questions that arise in teaching writing to Third World graduate students in US planning schools. If, as Paulo Freire suggests, our language is more than correct English grammar, if using it engages the very structure of our thinking and is integral to our ability to solve problems, then it is an important source of power. Why are we not more actively teaching the use of language — written and spoken — in the discipline of planning? If we were to do so, what would we be teaching? Is there a model for professional writing in the US? If so, is it one that can express “new thinking” for people from the Third World, or does it reinforce dependency and silence? What difficulties do students from Third World cultures have with our model, and why is it that US students experience so many of the same difficulties?
Strict chordal digraphs viewed as graphs with distinguished edges

Abstract P. Hell and C. Hernandez-Cruz recently defined new directed graph analogs of the traditional concepts of chordal and split graphs. This paper will provide additional evidence of the naturalness of their digraph analogs using characterizations in terms of undirected graphs with distinguished edges, most notably using standard clique tree representations from chordal graph theory.
Effects of multiple viewings of an ultraviolet photo on sun protection behaviors.

Abstract Objectives To determine whether multiple viewings of one's ultraviolet (UV) facial photo differentially affects subsequent sun protection behaviors relative to a single viewing. Study Design Pretest–posttest control group. Methods Southern California college students (N = 151) were randomly assigned to be shown their UV facial photo one time, multiple times over the course of 2 weeks, or not at all. Emotional reactions, perceived susceptibility to skin damage, and sun protection intentions were assessed immediately, and sun protection behaviors were assessed during a surprise telephonic follow-up 1 month later. Results Immediately after viewing a UV photo of their face, participants reported significantly greater perceived susceptibility to skin damage, greater intentions to engage in future sun protection, and more negative emotions than those who had not seen a UV photo. Moreover, 1 month later, those who had viewed their UV photo were less likely to report having sunbathed and reported significantly greater sun protection than did controls. There were no differences in sun protection behaviors between those who had been shown their UV photo only once during the initial intervention session and those who had been sent their UV photo several times thereafter. However, among those who had been sent their UV photo several times, those who reported having viewed their photo on additional occasions reported significantly greater sun protection behaviors than those who had not. Conclusions Being randomly assigned to view a UV facial photo multiple times generally neither strengthened nor weakened effects on subsequent sun protection behaviors relative to being shown the photo just once. However, among those who were sent their photo and thus had the option of viewing it more often than they had been assigned to, those who chose to view their photo more frequently also engaged in more sun protection behaviors.
A Rage for Justice: An Application of Referent Cognitions Theory to Legal-Claiming by Terminated Workers

This research utilizes referent cognitions theory (RCT, Folger, 1993) to investigate the filing of legal claims by terminated workers. Specifically, three questions are investigated: (1) whether procedural, distributive, and interactional justice interact to predict legal-claiming; (2) whether state anger (a reaction to a situation) partially mediates the relationship between the three-way interaction of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice, and legal-claiming; and (3) whether trait anger (a dispositional trait) moderates the relationship between this three-way justice interaction and legal-claiming. Five hundred eighty-three terminated employees were surveyed at unemployment insurance offices on the east coast. The results support predictions that a three-way justice interaction predicts legal-claiming, that state anger is a partial mediator of this relationship, and that trait anger moderates the relationship between the three-way justice interaction and legal-claiming. The implications for organizational justice and RCT are discussed. Further, there is discussion of managerial interventions to reduce legal-claiming.
Statin myopathy: an update.

Purpose of review Statin therapy has become the mainstay of treatment for lipid lowering, demonstrating cardiovascular risk reduction. Associated with statin popularity are misconceptions and fears of untoward side effects on muscle. This review clarifies the terminology relating to statin-related muscle disease; explores potential pathogenic mechanisms; reviews current estimates of statin myopathy prevalence; and examines diagnosis and management. Recent findings The fundamental mechanism of statin myopathy remains elusive but is believed to be a class effect. The most common explanation for the cause of toxic muscle injury invokes the deficiency of one of three main synthetic products in the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase pathway. Recent studies have revealed several patients with statin-induced rhabdomyolysis who also have metabolic muscle defects, indicating that statin use may unmask presymptomatic metabolic myopathies. Although statin-related myotoxicity is believed to be a noninflammatory, toxic myopathy, experimental evidence suggests that it may be triggered by an autoimmune reaction or, conversely, initiate an autoimmune process. The precise mechanism is uncertain. Summary As a class, statins appear to be usually safe, well tolerated agents with an excellent risk: benefit profile. The etiology and pathogenesis of statin myopathy are poorly understood owing to the relative rarity of its existence.
Abstract 2408: LKB1 and KEAP1/NRF2 pathways cooperatively promote glutamine dependence and vulnerability to glutaminase inhibitors in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma

KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogenic driver in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other solid tumors. Recently we conducted an integrative analysis and found three major subgroups of KRAS-mutated cancer defined by co-occurring genomic events with distinct biology, molecular vulnerabilities, and therapeutic sensitivities. One of these genes, the serine/threonine kinase STK11 (LKB1), represents the second most commonly altered tumor suppressor in NSCLC and there are currently no treatment strategies tailored for LKB1-deficient NSCLC. KRAS-mutant/LKB1-deficient (KL) tumors are characterized by high co-occurrence of KEAP1 mutational inactivation. Inactivation of KEAP1 protects cells against REDOX stress via upregulation of NRF2 target genes, in part by production of glutathione. We evaluated the effects of blocking glutamine metabolism using an isogenic series of NSCLC cell lines harboring mutations in STK11 and KEAP1. Through sequential silencing or overexpression of LKB1, KEAP1, or NRF2 we demonstrated that glutaminase inhibitors (GLSi) can block cell proliferation while increasing energetic and REDOX stress specifically in LKB1 deficient cells with hyperactivation of the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway driven by KEAP1 mutations (KLK subtype). In KLK models, overexpression of LKB1 or KEAP1 partially reduced GLSi sensitivity, while siRNA-mediated down-regulation of NRF2 showed a similar effect. Furthermore, the combination of LKB1 add back coupled with down-regulation of NRF2 conferred even greater resistance to GLSi. To confirm the LKB1/KEAP1-driven response to GLSi, we performed in vivo experiments examining the response of subcutaneous xenografts of an A549 isogenic series; A549 (KLK), A549 LKB1 add back (KK) or A549 KEAP1 add back (KL); to GLS inhibition. These experiments demonstrated that GLSi impaired tumor growth in A549 (KLK) tumors, exhibiting significant statistical differences compared with the vehicle group from 18 days of treatment. Conversely, GLS inhibition did not significantly affect the growth of A549/LKB1 (KK) or A549/KEAP1 (KL) tumors. Collectively, our data indicate that in KLK tumors both pathways, LKB1 and KEAP1/NRF2, cooperatively drive a glutamine-addicted metabolic program, making KLK tumors selectively vulnerable to GLSi treatment. These findings have immediate clinical implications and support the future clinical testing of GLS inhibitors in KLK NSCLC. Citation Format: Ana Galan-Cobo, Piyada Sitthideatphaiboon, Xiao Qu, Jeffrey J. Kovacs, Alissa Poteete, Pan Tong, Sungnam Cho, Varsha V. Gandhi, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Jing Wang, Timothy P. Heffernan, John V. Heymach. LKB1 and KEAP1/NRF2 pathways cooperatively promote glutamine dependence and vulnerability to glutaminase inhibitors in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2408.