cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chaotic Motions in Resonant Separatrix Zones of Periodically Forced, Axially Travelling, Thin Plates

AbstractThe analytical conditions for chaotic motions of axially travelling, thin plates are obtained from the incremental energy approach. A numerical prediction of chaotic motions from the scenario of the conservative energy varying with excitation amplitude is also presented through the symplectic Runge-Kutta method. The chaotic motions in the primary resonant and homoclinic separatrix zones of axially travelling plates are exhibited through Poincare mapping sections. From this study, chaotic motion might occur in the small-amplitude oscillations of the axially travelling, thin plates once the geometrical nonlinearity is considered. The chaotic motions of post-buckled plates are much more easily observed than pre-buckled plates. Because the buckling of travelling plates is caused by high translation speeds, chaotic motions of thin plates travelling with high transport speeds can be easily observed.
Micromechanical analysis of failure in thin protective coatings

Abstract The integrity of protective coatings is the subject of this investigation. Specifically, we concentrate on the case of thermo-protective coatings, so-called thermal barrier coatings, aiming at development of methodology for service life estimation of the coated components under thermal loading. At the current phase of the development, we establish relationships between various thermal loading patterns and failure driving parameters at different failure stages by developing an analytical–computational model of the process. The analysis addresses a typical failure development pattern consisting of a system of multiple surface cracks leading to and branching along or near the interface between the coating and the base material. The process is driven by thermal stresses. The developed model is applicable to thin coatings and provides insight into the processes taking place during failure development and the effect of the details of the applied thermal loading. The methods developed in the course of this investigation may be applied to the analysis of environmental effects on protective coatings and to investigations of failure development in layered composite systems under general loading conditions.
Evolving Towards Meaningful Web Assignments

In this paper we describe a series of web assignments carried out in large lecture, introductory chemistry courses. Our intent is to share the path by which assessment of student attitudes about these assignments has led to a relatively useful assignment after several attempts. At each step in our development we have used student surveys to refine our assignments and show how these refinements lead to positive outcomes in terms of both student attitudes and reported learning.
In vitro release studies on matrix type transdermal drug delivery systems of naltrexone and its acetyl prodrug.

Matrix type acrylic adhesive transdermal patches of naltrexone (NTX) and its 3-O-acetyl ester prodrug were prepared and evaluated for drug content, thickness, and in vitro release characteristics. Among the four DURO-TAK® adhesive polymers (87-2516, 87-2054, 87-2501, and 87-2582) tested, 87-2516 proved to be the most suitable and compatible polymer for the transdermal delivery of NTX from NTX and prodrug patches. A linear relationship was observed for release flux (F) and cumulative amount (Mt) values versus 1%, 2%, and 3% drug loading at equimolar levels. The release of NTX from the patches showed a good correlation (R2 > 0.99) for Mt vs. profiles, indicating that a Higuchian matrix diffusion mechanism of drug release from the transdermal adhesive patches was obtained. Overall, the amounts of NTX released from the prodrug patches were significantly higher than from the NTX patches, at all three drug loading levels.
Airflow synchronous with oscillatory acceleration reflects involuntary respiratory muscle activity.

Abstract To explore mechanisms causing involuntary airflow synchronous with oscillatory axial whole body acceleration (oscillatory axial acceleration, OAA) such as that during locomotion, we monitored airflow, acceleration, and electromyograms (EMGs) of the rib cage and abdominal muscles in standing subjects undergoing OAA at 3, 6, and 9 Hz at accelerations of 0.1–0.95 g. Subjects relaxed or performed static respiratory maneuvers at constant lung volume with glottis open. Oscillatory airflows (0.01–3.0 l s −1 ) synchronous with OAA were not consistent with expectations for a passive respiratory system, and were larger during active respiratory efforts than during relaxation. Peak inspiratory airflow usually preceded peak upward acceleration by 90–180°. In 80% of runs with respiratory muscles voluntarily activated or relaxed, EMGs showed activity synchronous with OAA. Changes in periodic muscle activity coincided with changes in oscillatory airflow. We conclude that periodic muscle activity, probably a reflex response to body wall deformation during OAA, strongly influences the involuntary airflow synchronous with OAA.
What Motivates the Community College Rogue Trustee

Approximately 6500 elected or appointed trustees govern local community colleges in 36 states. The great majority of these trustees are extraordinary citizens motivated by the opportunity to provide service to their communities and to their colleges. On occasion, a trustee emerges whose motivations do not support the common good; some of these trustees are known as “rogue trustees.” Like the rogue elephant, the rogue trustee runs roughshod over the norms and standards of expected behaviors. They tend to poison the culture of the college, and they can cause enormous damage. In this study 59 presidents share their mini-case studies of what motivates the rogue trustee. The study sheds light on a delicate issue that has been in the community college closet for decades.
The history of injectable silicone fluids for soft-tissue augmentation.

Background: The debate over the legitimacy of silicone as a safe tool for soft-tissue augmentation has spanned well over half a century. Proponents concede that injections of questionable purity and/or of massive quantities have produced unfavorable outcomes. They assert that in experienced hands with “injectable-grade” silicone, there are very few problems. Despite these claims, the literature is replete with disastrous outcomes following silicone fluid injection, often many years after the initial treatment. Methods: An extensive review of the English-language literature was conducted using MEDLINE. Results: A comprehensive review of injectable silicones was completed, revealing the origins, misuses, early clinical trials, and support for and against the injection of silicone fluids for the augmentation of soft tissues. Conclusions: A better understanding of the history of injectable silicone fluids for soft-tissue augmentation can give insight into the pitfalls and complications surrounding its use. There has been an evolution in the technique and type of products used for soft-tissue augmentation. In its current use, silicone oil for permanent soft-tissue augmentation could be a very powerful tool. There is some literature that supports the use of a small amount of purified, high-viscosity silicone oil; however, there has not been a single longitudinal study to date with appropriate follow-up data. The unanswered question remains: Are the risks worth the potential benefits of silicone oil as a permanent filler?
Single-step, quantitative derivatization of amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups in iodothyronine amino acids with ethanolic pivalic anhydride containing 4-dimethylaminopyridine

Reaction of thyroxine with ethanol and pivalic anhydride in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine quantitatively forms N,O-dipivalyl thyroxine ethyl ester. Other iodothyronines react similarly and the procedure is moisture insensitive. Apparently this reaction is successful, in contrast to similar procedures reported for the derivatization of alpha-amino acids, because it overcomes the problem in other procedures of irreversible side reactions arising from an oxazolone intermediate.
Short-term memory for serial order in schizophrenia: a detailed examination of error types.

Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia have been associated with working memory problems. Schizophrenic patients (n = 24) and controls (n = 29) participated in simple short-term memory tasks, recalling a list of letters from the first to last item in the order of presentation. The authors hypothesized that deficient sequential representations would increase movement errors (e.g., ABCD being recalled as ABDC) or intrusion errors (e.g., ABCD being recalled as ABCX), whereas simple trace decay would lead to omission errors (e.g., ABCD being recalled as ABC―). Patients made disproportionately more omissions toward the end of 6-item lists. There were no group differences in movements or intrusions as a function of serial position. Schizophrenic patients' limited short-term memory span may be due to greater forgetting during recall and not to a selective deficit in the mechanisms responsible for maintaining serial order information.
Our GSLIS Colleague, Chip Bruce: An Appreciation. A Deweyan Pragmatist in the Internet Age.

The reconstructive project needed to enable information for democracy, to which Chip Bruce has contributed much, is of long standing. Using a few wide brush strokes, in this article some of the most vital historical contexts for situating this project are supplied.
The visual response from the compound eye of Oncopeltus fasciatus: effects of temperature and sensory adaptation.

Abstract The effects of temperature (10–30°C) on response latency and amplitude were determined in the dark- and light-adapted compound eye of the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus . Response amplitude was an inverse function of temperature under dark-adapted conditions, but was nearly independent of temperature when superimposed on a background field. Response amplitude to a test stimulus (S 2 ) was maximum at 15–20°C when presented 10 sec after an adapting stimulus (S 1 ). The optimum temperature (10°C or less) for maximum response amplitude from dark-adapted eyes was far below the temperature at which the animals were grown (19–25°C) and lower than previously reported for insect compound eyes. These results are discussed in terms of the adaptive implications for diurnal, terrestrial ectotherms. Response latency from dark-adapted eyes was an inverse exponential function of temperature with an apparent activation energy of 13·6 kcal mole −1 . No change in activation energy could be attributed to light adaptation. Reductions of S 2 response latency and amplitude, during the adaptation regimes employed in this study, were different functions of temperature. Adapting stimuli, which were equally effective at reducing S 2 latency, had different effects on S 2 response amplitude. Recovery of S 2 response latency and amplitude were not related at either 20 or 10°C. Therefore, changes in S 2 response latency as a function of adaptation appeared independent of changes in S 2 response amplitude.
Mixing angles, mass matrix and CP violation in the Kobayashi-Maskawa model

Abstract We analyze the KL − KS mass difference Δm and CP-violating parameters η+− and η00 in terms of the mixing angles of the six-quark Kobayashi-Maskawa model. In contrast to previous analyses, we include a parameter to allow for uncalculable contributions of low-mass intermediate states to the mass matrix. As a result, Δm provides only weak constraints on the mixing angles but stronger constraints may possibly be obtained using data on η00.
Evanescent coupling in magneto-optical and phase-change disk systems based on the solid immersion lens

Results of numerical computations pertaining to evanescent wave coupling for near-field magneto-optical and phase-change disks based on the concept of the solid immersion lens are presented. We investigated the relation between the coupling efficiency and the width of the air gap in terms of the throughput of the recording process and the resolution of the readout signal. The simulations show a drastic decrease with a widening air gap of the coupling efficiency by means of evanescent waves into the recording medium. In magneto-optical readout, loss of the signal may be attributed to the reduction of magneto-optical interaction, the rise of reflectance, and the variation of the relative phase between the two components of polarization. In the phase-change readout the reduced reflectivity contrast between crystalline and amorphous marks is the cause of signal reduction.
A Dual-Process Analysis of Design Idea Generation

A traditional engineering education primarily teaches students to use analytical methods when solving problems, which are effective in most real-world situations. However, heavily analytical approaches often hinder creative output and therefore more intuitive methods have the potential to increase novelty in design. Dual-process theory is an established model in psychology and human decision making that separates fast, intuitive Type 1 processes from slow, analytical Type 2 processes, but to this point has not been applied to engineering design methodology. A exploratory dual-process pilot study of a design experiment using retrospective protocol analysis exposed the difference in novelty of ideas produced by intuitive and analytical thinking. The preliminary results suggest that Type 1 intuitive thinking is correlated with a higher average idea novelty up to a threshold. An equal balance of Type 1 and Type 2 thinking maximized novelty potential. Understanding this relationship and the importance of intuitive thinking in the design process is important to improving the effectiveness of conceptual design thinking and has implications in design education and modeling cognitive design processes.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Management of locally advanced prostatic carcinoma by surgery: does screening for prostatic cancer make sense?

Screening for prostatic cancer would be of advantage only if removal of the small volume localized malignancy provided enhanced disease control over that seen in patients with larger volume disease. The data which is reported herein would indicate that rarely is a focal disease truly focal and that these patients may have an increased probability of subsequent disease when the focal disease is treated conservatively. A 2 disease should be staged and treated to determine if it is organ-confined and, if so, be managed in a manner similar to clinical stage B lesions which are apparently organ-confined after appropriate staging. The data presented herein would indicate that, following radical surgery, disease which is specimen confined experiences enhanced control over that which is specimen confined, with margin-positive patients having the worse ultimate prognosis. The data strongly suggests that detection of disease while it is still organ-confined provides an increased probability of control should surgery be selected for treatment. Therefore, when considering the use of surgery for control of disease, any method which would detect the disease while it is still small volume and organ-confined would provide an enhanced probability of achieving a disease-free patient after application of treatment.
Encoding effects in one priming paradigm

Four variations of a priming stimulus were introduced in three experiments, with the aim of examining the effects of encoding the prime on one target task (tachistoscopic recognition thresholds). The primes studied were words, color photographs, and outline drawings, followed by word and outline-drawing threshold measurement (Experiment 1); increased size and brightness reversal of words (Experiment 2); and mirror reversals of the prime (Experiment 3). Memory facilitation was weak or lacking for only the format changes in the first experiment. Facilitation was equal to that obtained with identical primes for the size and brightness alterations, and for the mirror reversals in Experiments 2 and 3. With weak or no facilitation in only one experiment, and strong facilitation in the others, we discuss the implications for the influence of encoding on priming effects.
Thermoelectric properties of the nanostructured NaPb18-xSn xMTe20 (M=Sb, Bi) materials

The thermoelectric properties of materials with compositions NaPb 18-x Sn x MTe 20 (M=Sb, Bi, x=0, 3, 5, 9, 13, 16 and 18) were investigated in the temperature range 300-670K. All compositions exhibited p-type behavior over the measured temperature range. Electronic properties and transport were tuned through the manipulation of the Pb/Sn ratio. Increasing the Sn fraction results in an increase in electrical conductivity and a decrease in thermopower. The compositions NaPb 13 Sn 5 SbTe 20 and NaPb 9 Sn 9 SbTe 20 show a lattice thermal conductivity of ∼1 W/m/K at room temperature.
CHANGE AND UNCERTAINTY IN QUANTUM SYSTEMS

A simple inequality shows that any change in the expectation value of an observable quantity must be associated with some degree of uncertainty. This inequality is often more restrictive than the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Techniques for improved testability in the IBM ES/9370 system

The authors discuss three techniques used in the IBM ES/9370 series of processors to improve the testability, and hence the quality levels, of card assemblies. First they investigate the testing requirements and challenges presented by a nonvolatile static RAM and how they were met. Then they introduce a method which uses flush-through logic to provide improved access to array components. Next, the authors discuss how a compare circuit can be used to reduce I/O (input/output) requirements when testing an array. These algorithms were successfully implemented using programming Language for Testing (PLT). Background information and a detailed methodology for each of the techniques are provided. >
What do bloggers do: an average day on an average political blog

This study investigates whether average political bloggers engage in four distinct activities: informing readers, checking the media, engaging in political advocacy, and gathering money for charitable causes. Findings show that most bloggers inform their readers about articles in the media or to draw attention to key posts on other blogs. Somewhat less frequently, most bloggers write posts that detect errors or biases in the media. Bloggers use their blogs to pursue activist and philanthropist activities even less often. Ideology and traffic levels slightly affect the content and purpose of blog posts.
Sequential effects: Superstition or rational behavior?

In a variety of behavioral tasks, subjects exhibit an automatic and apparently sub-optimal sequential effect: they respond more rapidly and accurately to a stimulus if it reinforces a local pattern in stimulus history, such as a string of repetitions or alternations, compared to when it violates such a pattern. This is often the case even if the local trends arise by chance in the context of a randomized design, such that stimulus history has no real predictive power. In this work, we use a normative Bayesian framework to examine the hypothesis that such idiosyncrasies may reflect the inadvertent engagement of mechanisms critical for adapting to a changing environment. We show that prior belief in non-stationarity can induce experimentally observed sequential effects in an otherwise Bayes-optimal algorithm. The Bayesian algorithm is shown to be well approximated by linear-exponential filtering of past observations, a feature also apparent in the behavioral data. We derive an explicit relationship between the parameters and computations of the exact Bayesian algorithm and those of the approximate linear-exponential filter. Since the latter is equivalent to a leaky-integration process, a commonly used model of neuronal dynamics underlying perceptual decision-making and trial-to-trial dependencies, our model provides a principled account of why such dynamics are useful. We also show that parameter-tuning of the leaky-integration process is possible, using stochastic gradient descent based only on the noisy binary inputs. This is a proof of concept that not only can neurons implement near-optimal prediction based on standard neuronal dynamics, but that they can also learn to tune the processing parameters without explicitly representing probabilities.
Interactions Between p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Caspase-3 in Cerebral Endothelial Cell Death After Hypoxia-Reoxygenation

Background and Purpose— The emerging concept of the neurovascular unit in stroke reemphasizes the need to focus on endothelial responses in brain. In this study we examined the role of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling in the regulation of hypoxic cell death in cerebral endothelial cells. Methods— Human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to 4 to 12 hours of hypoxia followed by 12 to 24 hours of reoxygenation. Cytotoxicity was measured by quantifying lactate dehydrogenase release. DNA laddering and caspase-3 activity were assessed to document a role for caspase-dependent cell death. zVAD-fmk and zDEVD-fmk were used to inhibit caspases. Activation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was assessed with Western blotting and kinase activity assays. U0126, SB203580, and SP600125 were used to interrupt the ERK, p38, and JNK pathways, respectively. Results— Endothelial cell death occurred primarily during reoxygenation. DNA ladder...
A Sparse Matrix Personality for the Convey HC-1

In this paper we describe a double precision floating point sparse matrix-vector multiplier (SpMV) and its performance as implemented on a Convey HC-1 reconfigurable computer. The primary contributions of this work are a novel streaming reduction architecture for floating point accumulation, a novel on-chip cache optimized for streaming compressed sparse row (CSR) matrices, and end-to-end integration with the HC-1's system, programming model, and runtime environment. The design is composed of 32 parallel processing elements, each connected to the HC-1's coprocessor memory and each containing a streaming multiply-accumulator and local vector cache. When used on the HC-1, each PE has a peak throughput of 300 double precision MFLOP/s, giving a total peak throughput of 9.6 GFLOPS/s. For our test matrices, we demonstrate up to 40% of the peak performance and compare these results with results obtained using the CUSparse library on an NVIDIA Tesla S1070 GPU. In most cases our implementation exceeds the performance of the GPU.
Obstáculos que impiden el acercamiento entre los Estados Unidos y Cuba

Practicamente, desde el momento en que Fidel Castro asumio el poder en 1959, las relaciones entre los Estados Unidos y Cuba se tornaron tensas. A comienzos de I960, las dos naciones se trenzaron en un conflicto que se mantendria durante las tres decadas siguientes. A pesar de que el conflicto tuvo altibajos, a veces se atenuo y con frecuencia se reanudo con inusitada intensidad. En la actualidad, la caida del comunismo, la desaparicion de la Union Sovietica y la consiguiente crisis registrada en Cuba, aparentemente podrian dar paso a un posible acercamiento entre Washington y La Habana. Abandonada en el mundo postcomunista, Cuba ya no esta apuntalada por la Union Sovietica, ya no es la cabeza de playa sovietica del hemisferio, ni tampoco promueve la revolucion en los paises vecinos o envia tropas de combate al extranjero para luchar en tierras distantes. La Cuba de 1993 es diferente, ya que abre su economia y mejora sus relaciones con America Latina, Canada, Europa y otros paises. Estados Unidos tambien ha cambiado. Ya no le preocupa la Guerra Fria ni esta regido por gobiernos movidos por ideologias instintivamente hostiles al regimen de Castro. Bajo el gobierno de Clinton, la Casa Blanca no tiene ningun compromiso con la comunidad cubana exiliada en Florida, puesto que la mayoria de los cubanoestadounidenses de ese estado no votaron por los democratas. De este modo, pese a que el Presidente firmo un Decreto Ley para la aplicacion de la Cuban Democracy Act, su gobierno no ha tomado ninguna medida para derrocar al regimen de Castro mediante la intensificacion de la crisis economica en ese pais. En realidad, parece estar menos preocupado del asunto cubano o al menos mas flexible al respecto. Por ejemplo, si bien solicito 28 millones de dolares como financiamiento para Radio y TV Marti, no ejercio gran presion en los tribunales para impedir que el House Appreciations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary suprimiera, en el pasado mes de junio, el fondo solicitado. El Departamen-
Enhanced damage in bipolar devices at low dose rates: effects at very low dose rates

The effect of very low dose rate irradiation is investigated for several linear bipolar devices that are sensitive to enhanced low dose-rate damage, including one device with super-/spl beta/ input transistors. New results are included at 0.001 and 0.002 rad(Si)/s. Irradiations at elevated temperature at high dose rate are compared with room temperature irradiation at very low dose rate. Possible mechanisms for enhanced damage are discussed.
Economics, Politics and Labor Protest in the German Inflation: the Tax Strikes of 1920 in the Chemical Industry

In March 1920 the German Reichstag passed legislation which fundamentally altered the country's tax system. The tax package, known as the Erzberger taxreform after its chief architect, Finance Minister Matthias Erzberger of the Center Party, soughtto stabilize the chaotic financial affairs of the young Weimar Republic. Not unexpectedly, the effort provoked intense opposition from many segments of the population. Resistance to the tax plan was particularly strong among the working class, and when it was implemented in July and August, large-scale protests and strikes occurred in various parts of the country. Although an enormous literature exists on labor problems in the Weimar Republic, the tax protests of 1920 have been largely ignored.
Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma continues to be a difficult malignancy to treat because of its ability to spread asymptomatically and its inherent resistance to conventional chemotherapy. However, molecular genetic studies bring new insights into the pathogenesis of this disorder and may provide new targets against which novel chemotherapeutic agents could be developed. Nephron-sparing surgery is also gaining wider acceptance as favorable long-term, cancer-free survival data emerge from clinical trials. For metastatic disease, cytokine therapy continues to be the mainstay of treatment despite marginal efficacy and a significant side-effect profile.
Mild cognitive impairment: prevalence, prognosis, aetiology, and treatment.

Summary Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a recently described syndrome that is currently thought of as a transition phase between healthy cognitive ageing and dementia. Although this notion seems to be reasonable, the general nature of the term MCI—including its many definitions—makes accurate accounting of the prevalence, prognosis, and potential benefit from treatment somewhat difficult. The differences in cognitive profile and clinical progression among individuals with MCI are generally recognised. However, recent evidence also suggests that the aetiological heterogeneity among individuals with MCI could be greater than previously reported. For example, cerebrovascular disease seems to be underestimated as a potential cause of MCI. In this review, I attempt to recognise workable definitions of MCI to discuss the prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis, and possibilities for treatment of this disorder.
The role of commercial tanning beds and ultraviolet A light in the treatment of psoriasis

Background: Phototherapy is an effective, safe psoriasis treatment administered via office‐based units or home devices. There is controversy over the use of commercial tanning beds; ultraviolet B (UVB) has documented efficacy although commercial beds emit largely UVA. Objective: To determine the efficacy of UVA and the role of commercial tanning beds in treating psoriasis. Methods: A literature search of UVA and commercial tanning was performed. Results: UVA can be effective for psoriasis, but achieving the high doses required may not be practical. Tanning beds do emit UVB although amounts are variable. Because of variability in UVA and UVB output in different tanning bulbs, it is difficult to predict response rates using commercial tanning beds. Conclusions: UVA can be used to treat psoriasis but may not be practical. Commercial tanning beds, emitting both UVA and UVB, have a role in treating psoriasis as an alternative to office‐based therapy.
Evolution of protoplanetary disk inferred from 26 Al chronology of individual chondrules

Abstract– We review the 26Al ages of chondrules in various type 3.0 chondrites. The 26Al ages of chondrules are 1–3 Myr after calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) for LL3.0, CO3.0, and Acfer 094 (Ungrouped C 3.0). Available data for chondrules in CR chondrites indicate that many chondrules are relatively younger (≥3 Myr), although data from chondrules in CR3.0 are not yet available to confirm their younger ages. The total ranges for the 26Al ages of chondrules in a single chondrite group are more than 0.5–1 Myr. However, most chondrules show relatively narrow range of ages in a single chondrite group (0.2–0.4 Myr, 1 SD), which might be short enough to preserve the group-specific chemical and isotope signatures against radial diffusion of solid in the disk. Distinct oxygen isotope reservoirs might exist in the protoplanetary disk simultaneously, which could be spatially separated.
Milankovitch climate reinforcements

Abstract More than a century ago, British scientist John Tyndall argued that increased heating of the oceans was needed to start a glaciation (Tyndall, J., 1872. The forms of water in clouds and rivers ice and glaciers. International Scientific Series. The Werner Company, Akron, OH, 196 pp.). We show that he was essentially right and that the principal cause of Quaternary glaciations was the intensification of the hydrologic cycle by the warming of tropical oceans and increase of equator-to-pole temperature gradient, which led to the growth of land-based ice in the high latitudes. The change was due to decreased obliquity and to the increased intensity of the solar beam in boreal winter and spring at the expense of summer and autumn. This resulted in higher frequency of El Nino compared to La Nina anomalies. Decreased water vapor greenhouse forcing and increased reflection from expanding snowfields were also instrumental in the transition from the last interglacial into the glacial. The current orbital changes, although less extreme, are qualitatively similar. Association of recent positive seasonal anomalies of global mean temperature with El Nino events suggests that the ongoing global warming may have a significant, orbitally influenced natural component. The warming could continue even without an increase of greenhouse gases.
White blankets may make you smarter and other questionable social science findings

Looking for amazing research that will make the nightly news or turn an administrator's head? If you find it, be warned. The findings may have been reported out of context or based on faulty logic.
Commentary: Nuances of Reverse-Waiver Evaluations of Adolescents in Adult Criminal Court

Several factors influence a judge's decision to transfer youthful defendants to juvenile court from adult court, including the forensic evaluator's ultimate opinion, the defendant's amenability to treatment, and public safety risk. In this commentary, we examine the constructs that evaluators must assess, as established by Kent v. United States (1966). We begin by outlining the legal history that led to the large population of youths currently in the adult criminal justice system nationwide and the negative consequences of their incarceration in adult settings. We consider the unique role of forensic psychologists and psychiatrists as experts in development, with special regard to their ability to assess and inform the court about amenability to treatment and emotional maturity. The determination of amenability to treatment is further explored through a review of the current literature examining the influence of diagnostic labeling on judicial decisions and the treatment response of adolescent offenders who have psychopathy features. We conclude with an update on the recent proposal for juvenile justice reform in the authors' state of New York.
Intrinsic Defects and the Failure Properties of cis-1,4-Polyisoprenes

Abstract Inherent flaw sizes were determined from fatigue lifetimes, and from the crack length dependence of the strain energy to break, for four cis-1,4-polyisoprenes compounded to have the same crosslink density and low strain hysteresis. Both techniques indicated that the flaws intrinsic to guayule rubber (GR), and to a lesser extent conventional natural rubber, are larger than those found in deproteinized NR. This result may not be surprising; however, the failure properties of the elastomers, expected to depend on flaw size, were surprising. The guayule rubber and a natural rubber of relatively low purity (SMR-10) had the highest tensile strengths, tear strengths, breaking energies, and fatigue lifetimes, while DPNR exhibited the worst failure properties. Such an inverse correlation between flaw size and failure performance is due to the dominant effect of strain-induced crystallization. GR and SMR-10 have the highest propensity for strain-induced crystallization, while DPNR is the least strain-cryst...
Paganism in the Greek World at the End of Antiquity: The Case of Rural Anatolia and Greece*

I propose to discuss what might be called the “mechanics of conversion” in the countryside of the sixth-century later Roman Empire. This process consisted fundamentally in implanting monasteries in districts where few villages had been Christianized, or where the population was nominally Christian but so badly instructed that earlier pagan cult practices persisted. There is considerable evidence for rural conditions in the hagiographic lives of monks and in the ecclesiastical histories of this period. One of the principal difficulties in this sort of study is the geographic distribution of the sources. Hagiographic texts are, in effect, local histories, largely confined to the environs of the monastery. Thus, we are reasonably well informed about western Asia Minor and Galatia in the sixth century, for which sources like this exist, but hardly know anything about paganism in Greece until the tenth century, when monasteries finally began to appear in rural districts.
Compact Solution of Doubly-Curved Shell Equation

Solutions of the governing differential equation for a restricted class of doubly-curved shells are presented. The Levy method of solution is used. Complementary functions are developed following the method used by Jenkins. The resulting formulation is believed to be more convenient to use than others previously presented. In particular, this formulation simplifies the setting up of shell edge stiffness matrices or other shells. Two alternative complementary functions are presented. One degenerates to a cylindrical shell with shear diaphragm support on its curved edges, and the other to a cylindrical shell with shear diaphragm support on its straight edges. A separate solution is presented for a flat plate in combined flexure and plane stress. Particular integrals applicable to all cases are given for both normal and tangential load components.
Evaluation of the validity of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire-Simplified-Wording Form (MPQ-SF) in adolescents with treatment histories.

The Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) is a widely used personality assessment instrument informing lower- and higher-order personality dimensions. Despite recent developments of brie...
Somnogenic, pyrogenic, and hematologic effects of experimental pasteurellosis in rabbits

Previous work has demonstrated that intravenous inoculation of rabbits with various microorganisms induces complex time-dependent alterations in sleep as well as other pathophysiological effects typically associated with infectious disease. To evaluate the effects of bacterial challenge that more closely resembles naturally developing disease, we inoculated rabbits with Pasteurella multocida, a common pathogen of this species, using routes of administration that mimic normal routes of exposure. Biphasic sleep alterations characterized initially by enhanced slow-wave sleep and later by decreased slow-wave sleep occurred after intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intranasal inoculation. Rapid-eye-movement sleep was inhibited for most of the 48-h period after inoculation. Inoculation by all four routes also induced fever and qualitatively similar hematologic changes. However, the magnitude and specific temporal patterns of both somnogenic changes and other pathophysiological effects varied with the route of inoculation.
Ibrutinib-related atrial fibrillation in patients with mantle cell lymphoma

Ibrutinib is a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). It has shown promising results in MCL,[...
Numerical simulation on boiling heat transfer of evaporation cooling in a billet reheating furnace

The boiling heat transfer of evaporation cooling in a billet reheating furnace was simulated. The results indicate that the bubbles easily aggregate inside of the elbow and upper side of the horizontal regions in the π shaped support tubes. The circulation velocity increasing helps to improve the uniformity of vapor distribution and decrease the difference of vapor volume fraction between upper and down at end of the horizontal sections. With the increase of circulation velocity, the resistance loss and the circulation ratio both increase, but the former will decrease with the increase of work pressure.
Vigorous Physical Work and Obesity?—the Paradox of the Californian Farmworker Population

A good understanding of underlying causes of obesity prevalence in the farmworker population is critical in finding effective strategies to fight obesity and related chronic diseases. There is growing evidence that the population of farmworkers fares poorly with regard to health status, but available data on obesity levels and related chronic diseases is scarce or missing. This study examined the prevalence of overweight and obesity among a sample of farmworker population in California. Results of the regression model indicate that along with demographic variables such as age and gender, several lifestyle and behavioral risk factors are associated with obesity of the farmworkers. Results from this study will inform the design of intervention efforts and policies to help improve the health status of the farmworker population at the community level and beyond.
Does Public Ownership and Management of Land Matter for Land Market Outcomes

Many developing country cities, it is often asserted, have substantial public land assets that appear to be suboptimally managed. Garba and Al-Mubaiyedh (1999), for example, contend that public ownership and management of land may result in land market failure, using Kano, Nigeria, as an example. Deininger (2003) argues that to the extent that publicly owned land is suboptimally used, the transfer of ownership or use rights to the private sector could improve land use, increase government revenue, and minimize a potential source of corruption. Buckley and Kalarickal (2006) report that land markets in Mumbai, India, and Dhaka, Bangladesh, are unresponsive to demand because a significant amount of land is publicly held.
Factor VIII Level is Not Modifiable by Improved Glycemic Control in Patients with Ischemic Stroke (P5.130)

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the relationship between coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) elevation and diabetic control in ischemic stroke. BACKGROUND: The relationships between FVIII and diabetes with vascular complications are recognized. We investigated whether the degree of diabetic control was related to change in FVIII level in patients with ischemic stroke (IS). DESIGN/METHODS: From our stroke registry, all acute IS patients admitted between 07/2008-05/2014 with baseline HbA1c levels and elevated FVIII were eligible. Of these, patients with follow-up FVIII and HbA1c levels post-discharge were included. Elevation in FVIII was defined as level &gt 150[percnt]. Diabetic control was categorized according to HbA1c levels: normal (&lt 5.7[percnt]), controlled (5.7-7.0[percnt]), and uncontrolled (&gt 7.1[percnt]). HbA1c and FVIII levels were further analyzed for evidence of a correlation as continuous variables. RESULTS: Among 1,631 AIS cases, 63 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 27 patients (42.8[percnt]) had controlled diabetes and 21 patients (33.3[percnt]) had uncontrolled diabetes. Baseline demographic characteristics differed only for history of hyperlipidemia (26.7[percnt] normal, 25.9[percnt] controlled, 57.1[percnt] uncontrolled, p=0.0443). Time between baseline and follow-up measures of both FVIII and HbA1c was not significantly different between groups (p=0.0812 and p=0.6969, respectively). There was no association between HbA1C group and FVIII level at baseline (p=0.2197) nor between change in HbA1c and change in FVIII from baseline to follow-up (r=0.0147, p=0.9092). Additionally, no statistically significant correlations were detected between HbA1c level with FVIII level at baseline or follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: While there is an association between hyperglycemia and FVIII level in the acute phase of IS, long-term glycemic control before or subsequent to IS is unrelated to the FVIII level. Our results suggest that these stroke risk factors are independent of each other and that FVIII level cannot be modified by controlling diabetes. Disclosure: Dr. Samai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boehme has nothing to disclose. Dr. George has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schluter has nothing to disclose. Dr. El Khoury has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martin-Schild has received personal compensation for activities with Genentech as a speakers bureau participant.
Numerical assessment of second order cone relaxation for distribution optimal power flow problems

This paper presents a numerical validation of the available sufficient conditions for the exactness of a second order cone relaxation in the distribution optimal power flow problem. Towards this end, the IEEE 123-bus test feeder is adapted by balancing the various feeder segments and by populating selected nodes with photovoltaic inverters. The resulting distribution power system is studied under typical daily power profiles. Results generated by Matlab Software for Disciplined Convex Programming (CVX) suggest the relaxation is indeed exact for the case study generated for this paper.
Home v. School: Issues for School Leaders in Reporting Child Abuse:

Reporting of child abuse occurring in the home and reporting of abuse occurring in school settings are two separate and distinct issues requiring different responses by school administrators. Howev...
Oncolytic Viral Therapy for Mesothelioma.

The limited effectiveness of conventional therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) demands innovative approaches to this difficult disease. Even with aggressive multimodality treatment of surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy, the median survival is only 1-2 years depending on stage and histology. Oncolytic viral therapy has emerged in the last several decades as a rapidly advancing field of immunotherapy studied in a wide spectrum of malignancies. Mesothelioma makes an ideal candidate for studying oncolysis given the frequently localized pattern of growth and pleural location providing access to direct intratumoral injection of virus. Therefore despite being a relatively uncommon disease, the multitude of viral studies for mesothelioma can provide insight for applying such therapy to other malignancies. This manuscript will begin with a review of the standard therapy for mesothelioma, followed by general principles of oncolytic therapy focusing on antitumor efficacy, tumor selectivity, and immune system activation. The second half of this review will detail results of preclinical models and human studies for oncolytic virotherapy in mesothelioma.
"Unless Someone Like You" Buys a Ticket to This Movie: Dual Audience and Aetonormativity in Picturebook to Film Adaptations.

As critical study of adapted texts moves away from a focus on fidelity to explore questions of adaptive practice, picturebook to film adaptation offers unique opportunities to redirect discourse related to the value of adaptive changes. Because feature-length films made from children’s picturebooks require filmmakers to add substantial content, they open discussion of how adaptive changes engage key ideas related to children’s literature more broadly, including dual audience, didacticism, and aetonormativity. This essay explores how these concepts transform in picturebook to movie adaptation, drawing on two family films made from iconic picturebook source texts—Dr. Seuss’s The Lorax (1971) and Chris Van Allsburg’s Jumanji (1981)—to posit that added content foregrounds adult presence within the story and participation in viewership far more than in the films’ picturebook counterparts, positioning adults as learners while at the same time reinforcing adult/child hierarchies.
Can overnight stenting be safely eliminated following a pharyngeal flap? A matched comparison study.

OBJECTIVE Determine if overnight stenting is warranted after pharyngeal flap for management of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in pediatric patients METHODS: This is a retrospective age-matched cohort study from a single tertiary pediatric facility. Patients who underwent a posterior pharyngeal flap for VPI from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2016, were included. Two equal groups were constructed based on when their nasal stents were removed, that is, postoperative day (POD) 0 or POD 1. Primary outcome measure was oxygen desaturation after surgery. Secondary outcome measures were total length of stay, need for narcotics, and oral intake based on POD. Additional information was gathered and evaluated as possible prognostic variables. RESULTS There were 27 matched pairs included in the study. One patient from each group required supplemental oxygen during the night of surgery. No escalation of care was needed in either case. The group whose stents were removed on POD 0 were discharged earlier than the group whose stents were removed on POD 1, P < 0.0001. The POD 0 group took significantly more oral intake on POD 0 than the POD 1 group, P = 0.03. The POD 0 group had significantly more genetic syndromes than the POD 1 group, P = 0.02. CONCLUSION There was no benefit with overnight stenting. Earlier discharge from the hospital was achieved in the POD 0 group. No patient experienced need for reintubation, escalation of clinical care, postoperative hemorrhage, or death. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4. Laryngoscope, 128:750-755, 2018.