cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of augmented sensory feedback precision on the acquisition and retention of a simulated chiropractic task.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of knowledge of results precision in the acquisition and retention of a simulated manipulative procedure. Design: A controlled trial was conducted, with subjects assigned to 1 of 2 interventions by means of a stratified random technique. Methods: Seventy-one healthy male and female chiropractic student volunteers were asked to control the application of force of a simulated chiropractic manipulative procedure. Two feedback conditions (quantitative and qualitative), 2 performance conditions (light and heavy force levels), and 3 delay intervals (1, 5, and 8 days) were studied. Acquisition trials were divided into 10 blocks of 5 trials for a total of 50 trials. All subjects performed 2 blocks of 10 trials (total of 20 trials) during the no-feedback retention phase. Absolute constant error (|CE|) was analyzed as the measure of performance accuracy, and variable error (VE) was used to determine performance consistency. Results: No significant main effect for the 2 feedback groups was found for |CE| and VE during the acquisition phase. A significant main effect for force was found for |CE| and VE, indicating that subjects were more accurate during light conditions than heavy conditions. There was a significant main effect for trial blocks for both |CE| and VE, indicating that groups became more accurate and consistent as a result of practice. During the retention phase, a significant main effect for retention group conditions was identified for |CE| but not for VE. This indicates that the retention groups differed in accuracy but were similar in consistency. Post hoc analyses indicated that subjects were less accurate as time between acquisition and retention trials increased. There was a significant main effect for trial blocks for VE but not for |CE|, suggesting that groups became more consistent between trial blocks. A significant group × trial block interaction was revealed for |CE|. No other main effects or interactions in the analyses were significant for |CE| or VE. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that practice sessions with kinetic devices (simulators) and performance feedback, whether quantitative or qualitative, may be useful when implemented to assist the performance of complex motor skills. There is not enough evidence to support the idea that the training used in this study could generate lasting learning effects.
Treatment of a patient with post-natal chronic calf pain utilizing instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization: a case study

Musculoskeletal pain is commonly reported by pre- and postnatal women, with the most common complaint being low back pain. However, lower leg pain is also frequently reported by women particularly in the third trimester. The purpose of the case study is to illustrate how instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (ISTM) can be used to treat a patient with a 2-year history of chronic calf pain. The subject was a 35-year-old female who developed calf pain during the last trimester of her pregnancy following severe lower leg edema. The calf pain was present for the 2 years following delivery and was described as a dull ache, typically aggravated by direct pressure on the calf, prolonged standing, and stairs. An X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast, and ultrasound Doppler study prior to referral ruled out tumors, vascular, lymphatic, or skeletal bone abnormalities. However, her MRI did show a dense superficial venous tissue asymmetry in the same location of her symptoms. Impairments were minimal; the only asymmetrical objective findings were calf length, strength, and soft tissue restrictions detected on palpation. After nine treatments incorporating an ISTM approach, soft tissue mobility, pain, calf strength, and lower extremity functional scale score all improved and her symptoms were abolished.
Study of a High-Speed Research Airplane

A versatile, low-cost, high-speed research airplane (HSRA) is described which is specifically designed to perform meaningful structures and propulsion research for future high-speed aircraft (M>3). The HSRA concept can achieve Mach 10 from a B-52 air launch using existing rockets for primary propulsion. The aluminum primary structure and heat sink thermal protection system offers an economical near-term construction. A large, replaceable payload bay is provided to facilitate a wide variety of possible flight experiments. Potential research payloads include turbojet, ramjet and scramjet engines, hydrogen tanks, and hot, insulated, and actively cooled structure.
Group Behavioral Treatment of Retentive Encopresis

Investigated the efficacy of behavioral group treatment for children with retentive encopresis who had previously failed medical management. Eighteen children between the ages of 4 and 11 years and their parents were seen in small treatment groups of 3 to 5 families over 6 sessions. The sessions focused on education about retentive encopresis, and the integration of behavioral parenting procedures with medical management. Parents and children were taught to deliver an enema clean-out, increase the children's dietary fiber, and appropriate toileting techniques. The results indicated that children significantly increased their fiber consumption by 40%, increased appropriate toileting by 116%, and decreased their soiling accidents by 83% pre- to posttreatment. Further, these treatment gains maintained or improved at the 6-month follow-up. The results are discussed in terms of cost-effective interventions and the interface between psychology and medicine in pediatric psychology.
l ∞ to l ∞ performance of slowly varying spatiotemporal systems

Performance analysis for slowly varying spatiotemporal systems is presented in the case when the controller design is based on frozen spatially and temporally invariant descriptions of the plant. This approach generalizes the results developed for the standard case for slowly time-varying systems. We show that the l ∞ to l ∞ performance of such systems cannot be much worse than that of the frozen spatially and temporally invariant systems.
The chemistry of the organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy of mercury cadmium telluride

This review of the organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy (OMVPE) of mercury cadmium telluride examines the chemistry underlying film growth, film morphology, heteroepitaxy, doping, and reactor design. A key feature of the OMVPE of II-VI compounds, as distinguished from the OMVPE of III-V compounds, is that the intrinsic reaction kinetics control film growth. The rates of surface and gas-phase reactions determine the rate of deposition and the alloy composition. As a result, the quality of the material produced is very sensitive to the substrate temperature and the distribution of reactants in the gas above the substrate. Another crucial aspect of the growth chemistry is that cadmium telluride shows a strong tendency to grow in the 111(Te) orientation. This makes it difficult to establish layer-by-layer growth on the
Prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide for cardiovascular events independent of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.

Background B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) correlates with left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and predicts cardiovascular events. We sought to determine whether BNP has prognostic value independent of LVEDP. Methods Eligible patients were referred for coronary angiography between March 15, 2002, and April 30, 2008, at a single institution. Inclusion criteria were having BNP, LV ejection fraction (EF), and LVEDP measured within 24 hours of the angiogram. The predictive value of BNP for events independent of LVEDP, EF, and other confounders was determined. Results The study population (n = 1,059) was followed for a mean of 1.8 ± 1.7 years. The mean age was 63 ± 13 years. The median BNP value was 182 pg/mL; 59% of patients had LVEDP ≥16 mm Hg. B-type natriuretic peptide and LVEDP had a modest but statistically significant correlation ( r = 0.24, P P P = .30). Those with BNP value below the median had longer event-free survival as compared to those with BNP value above the median, regardless of the LVEDP strata (log-rank P Conclusion B-type natriuretic peptide has prognostic value independent of LVEDP in this cohort with suspected coronary artery disease, suggesting this biomarker is not just a prognostic surrogate for elevated LV filling pressure.
Implementation of laparoscopic colectomy with fast-track care in an academic medical center: benefits of a fully ascended learning curve and specialty expertise

Abstract Background There are few data describing successful institutional "conversion" from open colectomy/standard care techniques to laparoscopic colectomy/fast-track care. Purpose To assess the benefits of transitioning an institution from open to laparoscopic colectomy with fast-track care while avoiding a learning curve. Method Twenty consecutive laparoscopic colorectal resections (LCRs) performed by a colorectal surgeon were compared with 20 matched open colorectal resections (OCRs) performed by general surgeons before the arrival of the colorectal surgeon. Results Surgical procedures were as follows: sigmoidectomy: OCR 16 and LCR 11; right colectomy: OCR 3 and LCR 8; and total colectomy: OCR 1 and LCR 1. The mean operative time for sigmoidectomy was 250 and 109 minutes for OCR and LCR, respectively, and for right colectomy 181 and 97 minutes for OCR and LCR, respectively ( P P Conclusions The data clearly show an institutional benefit for the implementation of specialty-based advanced laparoscopic procedures.
EVIDENCE FOR HYDRODYNAMIC ORIENTATION BY SPINY LOBSTERS IN A PATCH REEF ENVIRONMENT

Western Atlantic spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) are superb underwater navigators. Spiny lobsters perform dramatic seasonal offshore migrations and have also been shown to locate and home to specific den sites within the elaborate coral reef environment in which they live. How these animals perform such complex orientation tasks is not known. The study reported here was designed to explore the sensory mechanisms that spiny lobsters use to orient in and around a familiar patch reef environment. Our results show that, in the absence of visual cues, lobsters displaced a short (50 m) distance off the reef do not initially (i.e. within 20 min) travel towards their dens or return to the patch reef where their dens are located. Instead, the headings lobsters follow are significantly correlated to the direction of local hydrodynamic cues and, specifically, to the direction of approaching wave surge. Results from ultrasonic tracking experiments over longer periods (24 h) suggest that displaced lobsters are able to relocate the reef where they were captured, even without visual cues. These results suggest that hydrodynamic cues may provide useful and immediate directional information to lobsters within the local environment of the home reef.
Staying Hungry, Staying Foolish: Academic Reflections on the Life and Career of Steve Jobs

The recent death of Steve Jobs, Apple CEO and cofounder, generated a flood of articles in the popular press assessing his influence on the design and delivery of consumer products, his leadership and management style, and how Apple products have changed the way multiple generations work and play. We expect that scholarly and academic articles will emerge in the next few years about Jobs’ influence on business, education and society. The purpose of this symposium is to initiate a scholarly discussion about the impact of Steve Jobs on our lives and organizations and to initiate a discussion of entrepreneurial careers based on his life and career path.Entrepreneurial Careers: Stages, Phases, and AgesPresenter: Amy Elizabeth Hurley-Hanson; Chapman U.Presenter: Cristina Marie Giannantonio; Chapman U.Presenter: Richard Sudek; Chapman U.Decoding Leadership: How Steve Jobs Transformed Apple to Spearhead a Technological Informal EconomyPresenter: Howard Yu; IMD InternationalSteve Jobs, the Innate Identity MasterPr...
CAR-T Cellular Therapies for Multiple Myeloma

RRMM, stable disease or better responses were seen in 52% (n1⁄432; 1PR, 2MR, 11 SD). The ADC appeared safe with some Gr II/III toxicity (i.e. mucositis, stomatitis, hand/foot syndrome). In the BT062 (cohorts1⁄4 80, 100, 120 mg/m2, dosing1⁄4 IV Day 1, 8, 15) +LEN/Dex combo study, the ORR was 78%(2 sCR, 2 CR, 13 VGPR, 15 PR). TEAE’s were reported in >30% of patients (diarrhea, fatigue, nausea and hypokalemia). Conclusions: Immunotherapy is finally poised to aid in the treatment of MM. AntiCD38 mAbs and several novel ADCs have shown promise.
Legal Briefs: Compression of Umbilical Cord or a Cord Accident?

A 2,818-g, 395/7 weeks’ gestation, female infant was born to a 27-year-old, gravida 1, para 0 mother with a history of pregnancy-induced hypertension and oligohydramnios. Labor was augmented by oxytocin because of the hypertension. The nurses notified the obstetrician about several variable decelerations during the first stage of labor and later about the development of minimal variability of the fetal heart rate (FHR), but he ordered the continuation of oxytocin. At 7-cm dilation, spontaneous rupture of the membranes occurred and labor progressed, with cervical dilation to 9 cm within 30 minutes. During the next 20 minutes, several variable decelerations followed, and the use of oxytocin was discontinued. However, more and deeper variable decelerations occurred, with one prolonged for several minutes. The fetus was being externally monitored, and the tracings were difficult to interpret and at some points totally unreadable. The defending and defense obstetricians pointed out in their depositions that accelerations were present, and therefore it was a reassuring tracing. The plaintiff obstetric expert thought the tracings were not of sufficient quality to be interpreted accurately and that cesarean delivery should have been performed because intolerance of labor during the first stage could predict difficulties during the second stage. At 9-cm dilation, the obstetrician ruptured the forebag and thick meconium was released; therefore, he decided to perform an amnioinfusion. As soon as the catheter was introduced, fetal bradycardia began. The obstetrician proceeded with the amnioinfusion and placed a scalp electrode on the fetus during the bradycardia. The plaintiff obstetrician contended that amnioinfusion was inappropriate, especially because the fetus was entering the second stage of labor, should not to be used during bradycardia, and, most importantly, delayed the delivery. He thought some of the decelerations were a combination of late and variable decelerations before the terminal bradycardia. The …
Profundus Tendon Grafting with the Sublimis Intact

The results in thirty patients with profundus tendon grafts in the presence of an intact sublimis tendon are analyzed. In sixteen patients 30 degrees of active flexion of the distal joint or more was possible with the finger in flexion. Twelve of fourteen fingers with no associated injuries or previous repairs had 20 degrees of active flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint or more, and nine of the sixteen fingers with an associated injury or a previous repair had active flexion of 20 degrees or more. In sixteen of the twenty adult patients, the finger would actively flex sufficiently to bring the pulp to 2.5 centimeters of the distal palmar crease. A modification of White's end-result classification for tendon grafts is proposed. Using this classification 20 per cent of our patients were classified as having excellent results, 37 per cent good results, 37 per cent fair results, and 6 per cent poor results.
Levinas, substitution, and transcendental subjectivity

The task of this paper is to clarify the status and implications of Levinas's insistence on the necessity of subjectivity to the ethical relation. Focusing in particular on the discussion of substitution in Otherwise than Being, it is argued that the description of subjectivity as substitution enables Levinas to articulate the necessity of the subject to the approach of the other in a manner which avoids the transcendental character which such claims to necessity usually embody. This argument proceeds from an initial characterization of substitution within the constellation of themes pursued by Levinas in Otherwise than Being to a detailed examination of the first four sections of the “Substitution” chapter. The essay concludes by noting the unity of the ethical exceeding of the transcendental character of subjectivity with the project which animates Levinas's work from its beginnings: the exceeding of the ontological by the ethical.
Characteristics of Communication in Families of Alcoholics

ABSTRACTIn the United States, roughly 43% of adults have encountered alcoholism in their family, and one in four children lives with an alcoholic parent (Grant, 2000). Prior research suggests that alcoholism can negatively impact the nature and quality of family relations, but studies rarely consider the specific ways in which family communication dynamics are impacted by the disease. Thus, the goal of this study was to identify the characteristics of communication in families of alcoholics and to develop a larger conceptual model to guide future inquiries in this context. A national sample of 682 adult children of alcoholics were asked to describe the communication dynamics in their family of origin. A theme analysis of the open-ended data revealed four overarching themes that were comprised of nine subcategories: (a) aggressive communication (e.g., heightened conflict, tense communication, and secretive slandering); (b) protective communication (e.g., superficiality, limited or indirect communication, a...
Inert-Gas-Stripping Method for Measuring Solubilities of Sparingly Soluble Gases in Liquids. Solubilities of Some Gases in Protic Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl, 3-Hydrogen-imidazolium Acetate

The inert-gas stripping method is useful for rapidly measuring solubilities of moderately and sparingly soluble gases in liquids. Earlier versions of this method can give only solubilities of volatile-liquid solutes in low-volatile solvents. However, the modifications presented here enable measurement of very low solubilities of gases in liquids. Henry’s constants are reported for carbon dioxide, krypton, oxygen, air, and nitrogen in n-dodecane and n-pentadecane, and for carbon dioxide in ethylene glycol at near-ambient conditions. The new Henry’s constants compare well with those in the literature. Henry’s constants are reported for carbon dioxide, ethane, ethylene, krypton, oxygen, air, and nitrogen at near-ambient conditions in the protic ionic liquid 1-butyl, 3-hydrogen-imidazolium acetate; we select this protic ionic liquid because, relative to other ionic liquids, it has low viscosity and because solubility data in protic ionic liquids are rare.
Computational Study of Ubiquitin Recruitment and Transport of the 26S Proteasome

Protein degradation is vital for a variety of essential cellular processes like apoptosis and transcription. Its malfunction is associated with severe diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In eukaryotes, protein degradation is regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, in which the 26S proteasome acts as its executive key player. The 26S proteasome is a 2.5 MDa multi-subunit molecular machine, which recruits, unfolds, and degrades tetra-ubiquitin tagged proteins. Recently, a near atomic model of the complete 26S proteasome has been obtained (Unverdorben et al. 2014, PNAS, 111:5544 5549), providing a structural context for understanding its function.Here, we investigate the first functional processes of the degradation cycle by the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations coupled with enhanced sampling methods. We focus on the recruitment of a poly ubiquitin tag by the flexible arm of Rpn10 and its transport to the active site of de ubiquitylating enzyme Rpn11. We refined the near-atomic model of Rpn10 by closing mechanistically relevant structural gaps, which have been inaccessible to structural experiments due to high flexibility or multi conformational structures. In simulations, Rpn10's flexible arm covers a wide conformational space, making a number of transient contacts to proteasome subunits. The observation that Rpn10 can reach the de ubiquitylating enzyme Rpn11 confirms its ability to deliver the substrate to Rpn11 and the ATPase module where substrate is unfolded. The dynamic insights on ubiquitin recruitment and transport gained by MD simulations are a basic prerequisite to understand the complex functional cycle of protein recognition and degradation of the 26S proteasome at the atomic level and will motivate further experiments.
Parathyroid hormone: a possible initiator of liver regeneration.

SummaryThe stimulation of DNA synthesis and mitotic activity in liver cells after partial hepatectomy is reduced to about 50% of their normal value and delayed 12 to 14 hr in parathyroidectomized rats. It has also been observed that partial hepatectomy, itself, induces an early, transient, hypocalcemia which precedes the initiation of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. These observations suggest that the parathyroid hormone might be a humoral agent involved in the initiation of hepatic regeneration.
Effect of the Nonsteroidal Ecdysone Agonists, Methoxyfenozide and Tebufenozide, on the European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The effect of 2 nonsteroidal ecdysone agonists, methoxyfenozide (proposed name for RH-2485) and tebufenozide (RH-5992), was examined on eggs and larvae of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). Both compounds were ovicides. More than 90% of eggs died when egg masses were dipped in a solution of 100 ppm methoxyfenozide or tebufenozide in acetone:distilled water (1:1). Although some eggs that were treated with 1 or 10 ppm methoxyfenozide or tebufenozide hatched, the survival rate was low. Test compounds were incorporated into an artificial diet to examine larvicidal effects. Using this technique, methoxyfenozide was 3-7 times more toxic to newly hatched larvae than was tebufenozide. Methoxyfenozide was 184-270 and 147-469 times more toxic to newly hatched larvae than were diflubenzuron and carbaryl, respectively, whereas tebufenozide was 41-68 and 22-75 times more toxic than were diflubenzuron and carbaryl, respectively. Methoxyfenozide was toxic to 3rd instars with the LC50 value being ≈2 times higher than it was for newly hatched larvae. Methoxyfenozide (0.125 and 0.25 ppm) and tebufenozide (0.25 and 0.5 ppm) were lethal to newly hatched larvae, even after diets containing these compounds were held for 20 d under long days (16:8 [L:D] h) at 30°C. Tebufenozide applied at 0.016 and 0.031 ppm to larvae inhibited larval growth, delayed pupation, and decreased adult emergence. Methoxyfenozide applied at 0.063, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 ppm to newly ecdysed 4th instars caused them to stop feeding ≈8 h after exposure and induced a premature and lethal molting cycle. Methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide are potential insect growth regulators for controlling O. nubilalis .
Effects of Taurine against Damage Induced by ~(60)Co γ-ray Irradiation

[Objective]To study the protective mechanism of taurine against damage induced by Co γ-ray irradiation. 60 [Methods]Mice were fed with taurine at dose of 50 mg,100 mg,300 mg/kg for 30 days,positive(irradiation)and negative control were administered with distilled water only,then all mice except negative control group were exposed to 5.0 Gy γ-ray for whole-body-irradiation at the 31st day. Observe the protective effect of taurine against damage of irradiation and it’s effects on antioxidant system and immune function.[Results]The bone marrow micronuclei rate of positive(irradiation)control group increased to 26.6‰,significantly higher than 1.2‰for negative control. Total amount of periphery WBC decreased to 1.95×109/L,3.80 ×109/L respectively at 3rd and 14th day post-irradiation,significantly lower than pre-irradiation;DNA content of bone marrow cell also remarkably decreased(P 0.05). In test groups,activity of serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)elevated to 110.4 U/ml in 50 mg/kg taurine group,significantly higher than positive control;SOD activity,MDA content and serum hemolysin were significantly better in 100 mg/kg taurine group than positive control;in 300 mg/kg taurine group,total amount of periphery WBC and DNA content increased,bone marrow micronuclei rate decreased,SOD activity elevated to 137.8 U/ml, MDA content decreased to 5.8 nmol/ml,serum hemolysin enhanced to 83.8,OD value for lymphocyte proliferation improved to 0.154,and 30 day survival rate also enhanced. Those changes were all significant compared with positive control(P 0.05). [Conclusion]Our result suggests that taurine can alleviate irradiation damage induced by gamma-ray,might be associated with ameliorating antioxidant level and immune function.
Reinforced concrete shaft type inverted siphon engineering structure analysis

The shaft type inverted siphon structure is novel,the stress is complex,be carried on the structure analysis to this kind of type inverted siphon project,has analyzed the inverted siphon structure in the construction and the operation process the stress characteristic,has provided certain reference for the shaft type inverted siphon design and the construction.
TNF-α increases ceramide without inducing apoptosis in alveolar type II epithelial cells

Ceramide is a bioactive lipid mediator that has been observed to induce apoptosis in vitro. The purpose of this study was to determine whether endogenous ceramide, generated in response to in vivo ...
Beliefs and Mammography Screening

Introduction Breast cancer is a leading form of preventable cancer among women in the United States. Despite improvements in mammography and other early detection techniques, special populations, including older and minority women, continue to experience high incidence and mortality rates. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs are ubiquitous constructs in preventive medicine, health behavior, and behavioral epidemiology. These constructs often are used to explain variation in health screening behavior. While all three have been examined in relation to mammography screening, concentration on the single category of beliefs and the relation between specific beliefs and mammography screening practices has remained largely uninvestigated. Methods Using logistic regression modeling, we examined the relationship between four individual beliefs and mammography screening in a cross-sectional study of 407 women. Results After we controlled for confounding factors in a multi- variable analysis, belief in the efficacy of early detection in improving breast cancer outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 2.98; 95% confidence intervals [Cl] = 1.62, 5.47) and perceived risk (OR = 0.49; 95% Cl = 0.26, 0.94) were significantly associated with screening practice. Belief that mammography is dangerous (OR = 0.46; 95% Cl = 0.18, 1.18) or painful (OR = 1.25; 95% Cl = 0.75, 2.08) was not significantly associated with screening practice. Conclusions Information on the relationship between beliefs and screening practices may be used both to understand screening behaviors and to develop targeted strategies to improve mammography compliance.
Chemical methylation of synthetic polynucleotides.

Polynucleotides were methylated in aqueous solution at 25° with methyl methanesulfonate. The reactions followed second-order kinetics, with relative reactivity of bases decreasing in the order: guanine > cytosine > adenine > uracil. Light scattering and viscosity techniques showed no changes in physical structure of polyuridylic acid, indicating that no methylation of the phosphodiester bond had occurred. Both polyadenylic and polycytidylic acids showed a decrease in molecular dimensions at low levels of methylation, presumably resulting from protonation of the substituted bases. As reported previously, polyadenylic acid showed a tendency to aggregate, but there was no evidence for such aggregation with methylated polycytidylic acid.
Deployment stress, tobacco use, and postdeployment posttraumatic stress disorder: Gender differences.

OBJECTIVE Epidemiological research has demonstrated that tobacco use and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur and are highly prevalent among Veterans; research with female Veterans is limited. Given the increasing numbers of women deployed to combat zones in recent conflicts, the objective of the current study was to examine gender-specific associations between deployment stress, tobacco use and postdeployment PTSD symptoms. METHOD Two thousand thirteen Veterans deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq (50.9% female; mean age = 35.53) completed a postdeployment, mailed survey that assessed tobacco use before, during, and after deployment, deployment stressors, and postdeployment PTSD symptoms. RESULTS Warfare stress was associated with initiation and increases in tobacco use during deployment in both men and women, whereas harassment stress was associated with initiation and increases in tobacco use in women only. Only among women was continued postdeployment tobacco use associated with postdeployment PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS We found a dose-dependent relationship between deployment stress and adoption and escalation of tobacco use; the stressors that provoked initiation and escalation of tobacco use differed by gender. Continued tobacco use after deployment was associated with PTSD in women suggesting that women used tobacco more selectively than men to regulate negative affect. Implications of this work are that training before combat and during combat on healthy means of coping with deployment stress is needed to prevent tobacco use. For women, reducing harassment stress during deployment and early treatment of acute stress and PTSD during and soon after deployment may prevent intractable tobacco use.
Current Anticoagulation Drugs and Mechanisms of Action

Neurosurgical patients currently taking anticoagulation at the time of presentation, elective or emergent, is increasingly common. An understanding of the mechanisms of action of these drugs as well as how to reverse their effect is essential to appropriate and timely care. Vitamin K antagonists, heparins, factor X inhibitors, and direct thrombin inhibitors all pose unique challenges in managing a neurosurgical patient with comorbid conditions. As all these drugs can present with intracranial hemorrhage, knowledge of how and when to rapidly reverse them as best as possible can be life saving.
Technological and Economic Challenges to State Control of Information in Southeast Asia.

Southeast Asian media underwent unexpected changes during the 1980s and 1990s as a result of complex interactions among economic, political, and technological forces. These three factors pushed first in one direction, then in another as conditions shifted rapidly, faster than policymakers could comfortably react. The resulting confusion surprised and baffled political leaders who struggled to cope with changing realities. An important by-product was a seemingly greater openness in the media, which occurred even though it generally was resisted by power elites—openness threatened the status quo and therefore their hold on power. Among their problems was an erosion of public confidence as a result of the economic decline and political challenges that could not be quashed as had been done previously because new information technologies allowed opponents to communicate freely and to mobilize their own supporters.
Compressed sensing based real-time control in a smart grid

This paper develops a real-time control method which is a data transmission technique based on compressed sensing in smart grid. Different from traditional signal acquisition processing methods, compressed sensing is a promising method being widely used in emerging areas such as image processing, biotechnology, and communication, etc. This method significantly reduces the sampling rate at signal acquisition, and the compressed signals can be recovered in an accurate way. Numerous studies illustrate that conventional compressed sensing is effectively used in the static system. However, the delay of the static system is very large, which restricts its application in highly real-time control applications. With the continuous expansion of smart grid, electric power department needs to adjust the price and other controllable variables in real-time to accommodate the electric consumption of residents. Increasing demand of real-time control strategy with fast, reliable and stable properties becomes the core issue that need to be solved urgently. Simulation results verify that the proposed strategy can recover signal in real-time effectively using less amount of data through a dynamic sliding window.
Contemporary review of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Aim To assess the current literature describing various minimally invasive techniques for and to review short-term outcomes after minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods PD remains the only potentially curative treatment for periampullary malignancies, including, most commonly, pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Minimally invasive approaches to this complex operation have begun to be increasingly reported in the literature and are purported by some to reduce the historically high morbidity of PD associated with the open technique. In this systematic review, we have searched the literature for high-quality publications describing minimally invasive techniques for PD-including laparoscopic, robotic, and laparoscopic-assisted robotic approaches (hybrid approach). We have identified publications with the largest operative experiences from well-known centers of excellence for this complex procedure. We report primarily short term operative and perioperative results and some short term oncologic endpoints. Results Minimally invasive techniques include laparoscopic, robotic and hybrid approaches and each of these techniques has strong advocates. Consistently, across all minimally invasive modalities, these techniques are associated less intraoperative blood loss than traditional open PD (OPD), but in exchange for longer operating times. These techniques are relatively equivalent in terms of perioperative morbidity and short term oncologic outcomes. Importantly, pancreatic fistula rate appears to be comparable in most minimally invasive series compared to open technique. Impact of minimally invasive technique on length of stay is mixed compared to some traditional open series. A few series have suggested that initiation of and time to adjuvant therapy may be improved with minimally invasive techniques, however this assertion remains controversial. In terms of short-terms costs, minimally invasive PD is significantly higher than that of OPD. Conclusion Minimally invasive approaches to PD show great promise as a strategy to improve short-term outcomes in patients undergoing PD, but the best results remain isolated to high-volume centers of excellence.
The Three-Story Challenge: Implications of the Next Generation Science Standards for Teacher Preparation

The foundational document of the current science standards movement—the Framework for K-12 Science Education—is grounded in research about how students from diverse backgrounds learn science and th...
From bonds to bridges and back again: co-ethnic ties and the making of Filipino community in Poland

ABSTRACTUtilising indigenous Filipino psychology methods, this study examines the experiences of Filipino migrants in Poland, with a specific focus on the nature and function of their co-ethnic ties. The study is framed against the conceptual notion of bonding and bridging capital and strong and weak ties. Analysis of interview and focus group data suggests that respondents conceptualise co-ethnic ties in ways consistent with scholars’ definitions of bonding capital; however, there is substantial complexity in the nature, function, and strength of such ties. Furthermore, co-ethnic ties are dynamic and their form and function change with time as migrants integrate and adapt to their host countries.
A retrospective study of the effects of clostridial collagenase ointment and negative pressure wound therapy for the treatment of chronic pressure ulcers.

UNLABELLED Nonhealing, chronic pressure ulcers present a continuous challenge in the global health care venue, with decreased mobility and the effects of aging on skin placing the elderly at particular risk. Debridement is an important process to decrease risk of infection and promote healing. Enzymatic debridement with, for example, clostridial collagenase ointment (CCO) has been shown to assist with the achievement and maintenance of a clean wound bed in preparation for closure. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has also been used successfully for the treatment of wounds. Although conclusive research has demonstrated positive independent effects of both CCO and NPWT as treatments for chronic pressure ulcers, there are no known published studies that have investigated the 2 as a conjunctive treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 114 adult patients was conducted to assess wound healing of chronic pressure ulcers in a setting with medically complex patients. Two groups were established comparing those who received NPWT alone to those who received NPWT plus CCO. The study sample included 67 patients treated with NPWT + CCO and 47 patients who received only NPWT. RESULTS Results were similar for both treatment groups with mean values indicating the cohorts were closely aligned with respect to wound size, complexity, length of long-term acute care hospital stay, and duration of NPWT. The patients who received NPWT + CCO demonstrated statistically significant changes in several key areas including initial Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT) score, changes in the overall BWAT score and in the necrotic tissue domain. CONCLUSION Data analysis from this retrospective study indicates patients who received both therapies (NPWT + CCO) demonstrated improved outcomes in speed of debridement and rate of wound closure compared to those who received NPWT alone.
Early Identification, Prevention, and Early Intervention with Young Children at Risk for Emotional or Behavioral Disorders: Issues, Trends, and a Call for Action.

Educators have frequently expressed concern about young children who are exposed to known environmental risk factors associated with the development of chronic behavior problems (e.g., poverty, dom...
The Borel transform

We formulate the Borel transform in terms of functional analysis, in particular in terms of Analytically Uniform (AU) spaces. This enables us to extend the ideas of Borel to functions of several complex variables. Combining these ideas with nonlinear Fourier analysis leads to a generalization of the convexity that appears in Borel’s work.
Research Priorities in Geriatric Anesthesiology

The implications of an aging population on the practice of anesthesiology are profound. Normal aging results in diminished functional reserve across organ systems. These normal physiologic changes and age-related disease combine to limit the ability of the elderly to tolerate the stress of the perioperative period. Thus, geriatric issues affect every aspect of the care provided by the anesthesiologist.
Therapy of the Presymptomatic, the Pediatric, and the Pregnant Patient

For our purposes, we define the presymptomatic patient as one who has been discovered in some manner other than as the result of a clinical presentation, such as from working up the siblings of an affected patient, or an incidental observation of some abnormality (Chapter 2, pp. 24–25). That incidentally observed abnormality might be the presence of Kayser-Fleischer rings discovered by an ophthalmologist, or elevation of transaminase enzymes, or the detection of cirrhosis during surgery or by some type of scan. It should be made clear that the patients under discussion are not completely normal. Invariably, they will have some underlying liver disease as a result of copper toxicity. However, the main point is that the patient has not yet presented clinically.
PAH Therapies in Men: Often Wondered, Seldom Asked

Note from the Section Editor: Though this issue of Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension is dedicated to specific challenges faced by women, we took this opportunity to ask Dr Williamson some of the m...
Real-time beacon identification using linear and kernel (non-linear) Support Vector Machine, Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL), and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) 3D data

The target of this research is to develop a machine-learning classification system for object detection based on three-dimensional (3D) Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensing. The proposed real-time system operates a LiDAR sensor on an industrial vehicle as part of upgrading the vehicle to provide autonomous capabilities. We have developed 3D features which allow a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM), Kernel (non-linear) SVM, as well as Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL), to determine if objects in the LiDARs field of view are beacons (an object designed to delineate a no-entry zone) or other objects (e.g. people, buildings, equipment, etc.). Results from multiple data collections are analyzed and presented. Moreover, the feature effectiveness and the pros and cons of each approach are examined.
Progress in basic space science education and research: The UNBSSI

Abstract This report describes recent progress in the UN Basic Space Science Initiative (UNBSSI), which aims to facilitate space science education and research, and attendant resources in developing countries. In addition to holding workshops across the developing world, the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) successfully implemented the International Heliophysical Year (IHY) as a catalyst for improving understanding of the Sun and of solar-terrestrial physics. Building on this it is now preparing for the International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI). Achievements of the former are discussed, as are the goals and anticipated activities of the latter.
Cushing Disease Masquerading as Glaucoma

ABSTRACT Objective: Glaucoma is a well-recognized side effect of corticosteroids. However, steroid-induced glaucoma typically refers to that caused by exogenous corticosteroid administration. Glauc...
Fracture toughness evaluation for thin-shell stainless steel weldment

Abstract Integrity of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) interim storage canisters are very important to the safety of the back-end nuclear fuel cycle. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) potential of interim storage canister has been considered as a high priority. Because no post-weld heat treatment was required for forming these canisters, the high tensile residual stress existed within these canister welds. This can change the fracture resistance capacity significantly as well as increase SCC potential. Due to relative thin shell thickness of a canister weldment, the spiral notch torsion test (SNTT) method of small specimen approach was used to estimate the canister weldment fracture toughness. Most SNTT weldment samples fracture initiation sites are at heat-affected zone (HAZ) regions. The estimated fracture toughness JQ’ for the baseline SS304 steel is at 283 kJ/m2. The estimated JQ’ for the SS304/308 weld from HAZ and weld specimens are 126 kJ/m2 and 148.9 kJ/m2, respectively.
GraphTM: An Efficient Framework for Supporting Transactional Memory in a Distributed Environment

In this paper, we present GraphTM, an efficient and scalable framework for processing transactions in a distributed environment. The distributed environment is modeled as a graph where each node of the graph is a processing node that issues transactions. The objects that transactions use to execute are also on the graph nodes (the initial placement may be arbitrary). The transactions execute on the nodes which issue them after collecting all the objects that they need following the data-flow model of computation. This collection is done by issuing the requests for the objects as soon as transaction starts and wait until all required objects for the transaction come to the requesting node. The challenge is on how to schedule the transactions so that two crucial performance metrics, namely (i) total execution time to commit all the transactions, and (ii) total communication cost involved in moving the objects to the requesting nodes, are minimized. We implemented GraphTM in Java and assessed its performance through 3 micro-benchmarks and 5 complex benchmarks from STAMP benchmark suite on 5 different network topologies, namely, clique, line, grid, cluster, and star, that make an underlying communication network for a representative set of distributed systems commonly used in practice. The results show the efficiency and scalability of our approach.
Piece Problems: Component Valuation in Marketing and in Patent and Tort Law

The problems referred to in the title of this chapter concern evaluating a given variable when it is one of several that have combined to bring about a result. In some cases, there is an easy market solution. Imagine that you contract to buy a house and then the beautiful kitchen stove, one of many things that attracted you to the property, is destroyed before you close the transaction or occupy the property. How much should the price now be reduced? Here there is an upper limit based on the cost of a comparable replacement appliance. A more precise valuation would also be easy if identical houses, lacking this one feature, had recently been sold. The stove is just a piece of the larger transaction, and with these convenient facts, there is not much of a “component valuation problem.” Additionally, the stove is unlikely to have been of greater value because of its interaction with other items in the house; colors and sizes are fairly standardized. “Conjoint analysis” – a term that usually refers to survey evidence that tries to elicit the value of a component – is therefore unnecessary, or at least uncomplicated, because value does not depend on an interaction among variables in a way that is not directly observed. It is also interesting because it does not present a difficult Game Theory problem, or result that might be described in common parlance as something that depends on the relative bargaining skill of the parties.
The Role of the Intestine in the Pathogenesis of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Evidence and Therapeutic Implications

The pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a progressive biliary tract disease without approved medical therapy, is not well understood. The relationship between PSC and inflammatory bowel disease has inspired theories that intestinal factors may contribute to the development and progression of hepatobiliary fibrosis in PSC. There is evidence from both fecal and mucosa-associated microbial studies that patients with PSC harbor an abnormal enteric microbiome. These organisms are thought to produce toxic byproducts that stimulate immune-mediated damage of hepatocytes and the biliary tree. The link between these mechanisms may be related to altered intestinal permeability leading to migration of bacteria or associated toxins to the liver through the portal circulation. In support of these concepts, early trials have demonstrated improved biochemical parameters and symptoms of PSC with oral antibiotics, ostensibly through manipulation of the enteric microbiota. This article reviews the published literature for evidence as well as gaps in knowledge regarding these mechanisms by which intestinal aberrations might drive the development of PSC. We also identify areas of future research that are needed to link and verify these pathways to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.