cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF:pMV158 Survives and Proliferates in the House Fly Digestive Tract

Enterococcus faecalis is an important nosocomial pathogen and house sies have been implicated in the dissemination of this bacterium. In this study, GFP-expressing E. faecalis OG1RF:pMV158 was used to track the fate of the bacterium in the digestive tract of the house sy, Musca domestica (L.) to assess the vector potential of this insect for E. faecalis. Colony forming unit (CFU) counts were obtained from viable suorescing E. faecalis recovered from mouthparts and digestive tract regions (labelum, foregut, midgut, and hindgut) at 1, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after the bacterial exposure. Bacterial counts were signiÞcantly highest in the midgut at 1 h and 4 h and declined during the Þrst 24 h. In the labelum, E. faecalis concentrations were low within the Þrst 24 h and then greatly increased. Bacterial counts and direct observations of the digestive tract under a dissecting microscope with ultra violet light revealed that E. faecalis peaked in the crop after 48 h and remained high until the end of the experiment. Concentrations of E. faecalis in the hindgut were low when compared with other parts of the digestive tract. Microscopy and CFU counts suggest that E. faecalis was digested in the midgut but proliferated in the crop. Both drinking water and feed (saked corn) sampled at the end of the assay (96 h) were contaminated by suorescing E. faecalis, demonstrating that the sies disseminated E. faecalis. Our data support the notion that house sies can act as a bioenhanced vector for bacteria.
Thermal conductivities of electrospun polyimide‐mesophase pitch nanofibers and mats

In this article, we report the preparation and thermal properties of polyimide–mesophase pitch (MP) composite nanofibers and associated nanofiber nonwoven mats produced using an electrospinning process. The addition of MP increased the thermal conductivities of both the individual composite nanofibers and the in-plane conductivities of the nanofiber mats. The out-of-plane conductivity of the mats remained relatively low due to low through thickness connectivity between the nanofibers. These nanofiber mats are flexible and very thin and are good candidates for thermal management films for future flexible electronic devices. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:977–983, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Improved Methodology to Measure Normal Incident Solar Radiation with a Multi-Pyranometer Array

Abstract An improved methodology to estimate the normal incident solar radiation based on an anisotropic clear sky model using a Multi-Pyranometer Array (MPA) is analyzed in this paper. The MPA is a static platform, which is used to measure solar energy irradiation at different tilt and azimuth angles, and that can be used to estimate the normal incident component without the tracking devices that require more detailed installation and maintenance. The array's sensors are of the photovoltaic type, which require both the spectral and incidence angle corrections. These corrections were made by empirical functions; the one for the incidence angle is generic and the spectral effect is satisfied by calibrating each of the sensors with a Precision Spectral Pyranometer (PSP) with a four parameter change- point linear function. For this study, the calibrated data was verified by calculating their corresponding theoretical value based on the beam component from solar tracking Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer (NIP) and the diffuse component from a Black and White Pyranometer (BW one for the horizontal and south sensors and one for the east and west sensors. The solution for the east and west sensors is expanded to two new solutions by mirroring their readings according to the solar noon; each real measurement and its mirrored values generate a solution. The solutions are grouped to have a more steady and robust expression. A final switching scheme provides the value that was compared with the reference NIP measurement. The analysis of the results showed that the root square mean error (RMSE) of the sample decreased by a 30% in comparison with previous results reported in the literature. The data sample used in this study correspond to clear sky conditions on the fall and winter seasons, so further comparison on other seasons and with regular solar conditions is required.
Structural Optimization Including Centrifugal and Coriolis Effects

The problem of structural optimization in the presence of centrifugal and Coriolis effects was studied for a rotating blade and for a rotating beam. A finite-element formulation was used and optimization was performed by applying nonlinear inverse perturbation. Centrifugal forces were modeled by the use of differential stiffness in a small displacement approximation, and Coriolis effects were obtained by employing Coriolis finite-element matrices. The nonlinear inverse perturbation scheme was then modified to account for the mild geometric nonlinearities posed by differential stiffness and was also modified to incorporate the complex phase changes resulting from Coriolis effects. Finally, the method was applied to small and large changes in the fundamental (bending) frequency of two rotating systems. Satisfactory results were obtained. Ae [be] d e [H] [K] [ke] [M] M/ m p,c
Healthy Skin: Cancer Education for School Teachers and Nurses Using a “Train and Equip” Method

Skin cancer, especially malignant melanoma, continues on the increase. Different interventions are attempting to impact on this problem. The approach used by the Partners in Health Sciences program at the University of Arkansas for Medical Science is to both "train" and, importantly, "equip" classroom teachers and school nurses in a "Healthy Skin" professional development curriculum. Each participant not only received face-to-face interactive content training in a workshop setting that lasted 6 h; each also received a resource kit of supplies, materials, and equipment used in the workshop and designed for the trainee to use with students in a classroom/school setting. This single "hit" professional development event then can be replicated by each trainee annually for the span of her/his teaching/school-nursing career. A total of 588 trainees participated in "Healthy Skin" workshops that were held in 17 communities throughout the state. Participants attended from 188 different towns/cities. Of those in attendance, 511 (87 %) were females, 77 (13 %) males, 81 % Caucasian, 16 % African Americans, and the remaining 3 % self-identified as "other". There were 471 teachers, 85 nurses, and 32 "others" (administrators, school counselors). Trainees completed anonymous pre/post test measures with an increase in knowledge of 28.5 %. A short-term evaluation was conducted at the end of the workshop. After a minimum of 6 months had elapsed, a long-term evaluation was used to capture data on how the workshop experience transferred into new curricular/learning activities for the students of the workshop participants. There was a high level of satisfaction with the workshop experience and use of workshop content and resource kits. Our experiences in this type of professional development outreach provide a model of how institutions of higher education could contribute to the professional development of K-12 teachers and their students in any content area.
Effect of Dry Heat on the Internal Quality of Eggs

Abstract THE deterioration of eggs' internal quality on storage and microbial spoilage of eggs has been of great concern to the poultry industry, both from an economical and uniformity of product standpoint. Several methods have been used in preventing the loss of egg quality during storage. The use of heat for the preservation of eggs was first suggested by Gray in 1887. Extensive work was done by Funk and co-workers between 1938 and 1954. Funk (1943) thermostabilized eggs by heating them in water at 54.5°C. for 15 minutes or 5 minutes at 60°C. Funk et al. (1954) also suggested the use of an oil bath for thermostabilization. Similar temperatures were suggested by Murphy and Sutton (1947), however, Salton et al. (1951) suggested somewhat higher temperatures. The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of dry heat on: (1) the internal quality of eggs, (2) the resistance of these…
Aluminum–Amido-Mediated Heterolytic Addition of Water Affords an Alumoxane

Addition of the O–H bonds in water across the aluminum–nitrogen bond of a molecular aluminum–amido complex affords an alumoxane. The reaction of (PhI2P2–)AlH (1) with water forms dimeric [(PhHI2P–)AlH](μ-O) (2) under mild conditions. Upon reaction of 2 with excess water [(PhHI2P–)Al(OH)](μ-O) (3) is formed with liberation of H2.
Conducting Molecular Multilayers: Intercalation of Conjugated Polymers in Layered Media

Polyaniline has been synthesized in the galleries of fluorohectorite, a two-dimensional mica-type layered silicate. Intercalation of aniline in the intracrystalline region of Cu-exchanged fluorohectorite results in oxidative polymerization to polyaniline (emeraldine base form) as demonstrated by electronic, infrared and Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction data. The intercalated insulating form of polyaniline becomes conducting on exposure to HCl. In-plane electrical conductivity data measured in the temperature range 274 to 573 K show a complex thermally activated behavior with room temperature conductivity 0.05 Ohm −1 cm −1 . The polyaniline/layered silicate hybrids represent a new class of nanocomposites consisting of synthetic conductors with molecular dimensions contained in a quasi twodimensional environment of a crystalline host.
Pulseband: A hands-on tutorial on how to design a smart wristband to monitor heart-rate

Wearable devices like smartwatches are becoming an accepted way to monitor a person's health stats such a heartrate and physical activity. This paper will explain how to develop a do-it-yourself (DIY), smart wristband to perform photoplethysmography (PPG), also known as pulse oximetry. The designed Pulseband acquires PPG signals and estimates heart rate (HR) in real-time. HR estimates can be transmitted via a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to a nearby placed smartphone or computer. Specifically, we will delve into three key aspects essential to the band; hardware, software, and 3D printing.
Role of fat maldigestion in pathogenesis of steatorrhea in ileal resection. Fat digestion after two sequential test meals with and without cholestyramine.

To clarify the role of fat maldigestion in the pathogenesis of steatorrhea in patients with ileal resection, the total and aqueous phase concentrations of bile acid and fatty acid were characterized in 8 such patients (5 patients with small ileal resection, bile acid diarrhea, and steatorrhea less than 20 g per day; 3 patients with large ileal resection, fatty acid diarrhea, and steatorrhea greater than 20 g per day) as well as 4 healthy control subjects after a morning and an afternoon liquid test meal. The study was then repeated with cholestyramine, 4 g being administered before each meal to induce fat maldigestion. After a conventional test meal, patients with large resections and severe steatorrhea had significantly lower aqueous phase concentrations of bile acids (and fatty acids) than patients with smaller resections or control subjects, explained in part by intraluminal precipitation of about one-half of the bile acids during digestion. When cholestyramine was administered before the meal, aqueous phase bile acid concentrations decreased in all patients, including the normal control subjects; the degree of fat maldigestion induced in the patients with small resections (and the control subjects) became similar to that present after the conventional test meal in the patients with large resections. Because steatorrhea increased little in the patients with small resections when cholestyramine was administered continuously, the data suggest that fat maldigestion per se does not induce severe fat malabsorption in patients with sufficient anatomical reserve, because such patients can absorb fat efficiently by utilizing the distal small intestine. In patients with large ileal resections, severe steatorrhea is explained in part by the combination of fat maldigestion and decreased surface area. It is also speculated that the steatorrhea occurring in patients with small resections and relatively normal fat digestion during two test meals may be explained by impaired fat digestion which occurs during the final meal of the day, which is often the largest meal.
Epidemic and Control Situation of Malaria in Baoshan City in 2008

Objective To explore the malaria epidemic situation and the related influencing factors so as to provide the objective basis for controlling the malaria.Method the malaria epidemic data of Baoshan City in 2008 were used for descriptive study,and the SPSS11.5 software was used for statistical analysis.Result There were 1 166 cases of malaria,with an incidence of 4.73/10000 in Baoshan City in 2008,including 869 cases(74.53%)of vivax malaria,201 cases(17.24)of falciparum malaria,87 cases(7.46%)of non-type,and 9 cases(0.77%)mixed type.Two cases were died.Most cases were male(91.51%)and aged from 20-44 years old(75.56%).Most cases(97.68%)were infected from outside the county.Besides,in 2008,74 671 person/time blood of fever cases were examined,17 512 person/time drug prophylaxis were made,radical treatmentin resting stage were carried out in 10 425 persons,and clinical treatment were made in 5 625 person/time.Mosquito control spraying was carried out over 177 720 m2 areas,and 97 260 mosquito nets were immersed.Conclusion Malaria epidemic situation in Baoshan City in 2008 has been reduced than in 2007,but malaria incidence of the floating population has increased.Malaria monitoring in floating population should be enhanced,and malaria control measures should be strengthened.
Measurement of intracellular pH in hamster diaphragm by absorption spectrophotometry

The regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) is important in controlling muscle contraction. In these experiments, a spectrophotometric method of determining pHi was developed, and the method was then ...
Reply to “e-Talking to Patients: Connecting with the Health Care Consumer”.

We agree with Drs. Podichetty and Valley's observation that physician acceptance is critically important for patients to realize the benefits of the Internet portal. This is certainly the case for portals that increase patients' access to physicians, as with secure electronic messaging. The authors suggest that the younger, more affluent users of the PatientSite portal in our study reflect the demographics of the physicians who care for them.1 Unfortunately, our study did not address this provocative question directly. However, the demographic profile of …
How to run the Venus Community Atmosphere Model

This technical report provides a specific example of running VenusCAM at the Livermore Computing facility. General information about Livermore Computing may be found at http://computing.llnl.gov.
Chronic Pain and Depression: Vulnerability and Resilience

Abstract Chronic pain is one of the most common and debilitating physical conditions in our society. It adversely influences a range of life domains of people living with pain. One of the most common comorbid conditions is depression. In this chapter, we review the epidemiology and discuss the relationship between pain and depression. It seems that the pain–depression relationship is not linear but it is mediated by a range of factors, particularly psychological variables. We focus on the specific factors that may mediate the relationship in terms of both vulnerability and protective factors. Those variables are likely to be interrelated, forming a complex yet powerful influence on patients' emotional well-being. Many of these factors are also implicated in the clinical benefit of effective treatment of chronic pain, suggesting the importance of better understanding of how these factors influence the pain–depression relationship.
Regression Analysis Using the Proportional Hazards Model

In the previous chapter we saw how to compare two survival distributions without assuming a particular parametric form for the survival distributions, and we also introduced a parameter ψ that indexes the difference between the two survival distributions via the Lehmann alternative, \(S_{1}(t) = \left [S_{0}(t)\right ]^{\psi }\). Using Eq. 2.2.1 we can see that we can re-express this relationship in terms of the hazard functions, yielding the proportional hazards assumption , $$\displaystyle{ h_{1}(t) =\psi h_{0}(t). }$$ (5.1.1) This equation is the key to quantifying the difference between two hazard functions, and the proportional hazards model is widely used. (Later we will see how to assess the validity of this assumption, and ways to relax it when necessary.) Furthermore, we can extend the model to include covariate information in a vector z as follows: $$\displaystyle{ \psi = e^{z\beta }. }$$ (5.1.2) While other functional relationships between the proportional hazards constant ψ and covariates z are possible, this is by far the most common in practice. This proportional hazards model will allow us to fit regression models to censored survival data, much as one can do in linear and logistic regression. However, not assuming a particular parametric form for h0(t), along with the presence of censoring, makes survival modeling particularly complicated. In this chapter we shall see how to do this using what we shall call a partial likelihood . This modification of the standard likelihood was developed initially by D.R. Cox [12], and hence is often referred to as the Cox proportional hazards model.
A comparative life-cycle energy and emissions analysis for intercity passenger transportation in the U.S. by aviation, intercity bus, and automobile

Abstract Intercity passenger trips constitute a significant source of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and criteria pollutant emissions. The most commonly used city-to-city modes in the United States include aircraft, intercity bus, and automobile. This study applies state-of-the-practice models to assess life-cycle fuel consumption and pollutant emissions for intercity trips via aircraft, intercity bus, and automobile. The analyses compare the fuel and emissions impacts of different travel mode scenarios for intercity trips ranging from 200 to 1600 km. Because these modes operate differently with respect to engine technology, fuel type, and vehicle capacity, the modeling techniques and modeling boundaries vary significantly across modes. For aviation systems, much of the energy and emissions are associated with auxiliary equipment activities, infrastructure power supply, and terminal activities, in addition to the vehicle operations between origin/destination. Furthermore, one should not ignore the embodied energy and initial emissions from the manufacturing of the vehicles, and the construction of airports, bus stations, highways and parking lots. Passenger loading factors and travel distances also significantly influence fuel and emissions results on a per-traveler basis. The results show intercity bus is generally the most fuel-efficient mode and produced the lowest per-passenger-trip emissions for the entire range of trip distances examined. Aviation is not a fuel-efficient mode for short trips (
Transition Metal Oxyfluorides for Next-Generation Rechargeable Batteries

Transition metal oxyfluorides are attracting much attention for next-generation rechargeable batteries, including lithium-ion batteries and those beyond lithium-ion batteries. Mixed-anion transition metal oxyfluorides offer the combined advantages of fluorides and the beneficial effects of oxides achieving improved capacity, high voltage, good conductivity and good cycling stability. Oxygen-fluorine substitution can be employed to manipulate the physiochemical properties of those corresponding transition metal oxides and/or fluorides for rechargeable batteries, as cathode and/or anode materials, achieving improved electrochemical performances. However, it is still a challenging task to develop facile procedures to produce transition metal oxyfluorides, particularly difficult on a large scale and with high purity. Various methods and approaches have been developed over the years, typically based on solid state reactions. Recently, liquid-based approaches under mild conditions for the preparation of transition metal oxyfluorides are attracting much attention. In this review, a number of transition metal oxyfluorides reported for rechargeable batteries, including VO2F, BiOF, FeOF, TiOF2, NbO2F, are discussed. Their synthetic approaches, limitations and electrochemical performances are reviewed. Transition metal oxyfluorides with the presence of strong electronegativity of fluorides are often suitable as positive electrode materials. For cathode applications, the author suggests that lithium-free cathodes of transition metal oxyfluorides can be coupled with lithiated anodes to make as-assembled charged-state lithium-ion batteries. The same concept can be employed to prepare charged state sodium-ion batteries and other batteries using transition metal oxyfluorides as cathodes. The author suggests that as-assembled batteries in charged state based on transition metal oxyfluorides (e.g., FeOF) as cathodes coupled with lithiated anodes will eventually be commercialized. The development of next-generation lithium-ion batteries and those so-called beyond lithium-ion batteries will depend on the capability to synthesize and produce high-quality transition metal oxyfluorides on a large scale. Those transition metal oxyfluorides not only can find practical applications in batteries, but also can be employed as model electrode systems for fundamental mechanism studies.
Peering through the hourglass.

The greatest global health threat of the 21st century is upon us and global emergency medicine (EM) is nowhere to be found.1 As other medical specialties articulate and advise the public and policy-makers on the health effects of a changing climate, EM is conspicuously absent, lacking a coherent message or even a single policy statement. Yet like it or not, EM is already in the centre of this issue and is best suited to lead and to author the narrative on the impending clinical impact. The science is unambiguous. The health effects of anthropogenic climate change are more obvious than ever and are accelerating at an ominous pace. Global warming will now continue under all future scenarios, and the impact on human well-being will be significant and pervasive. For the past few years climate change has dominated the news—2015 was the warmest year in the history of weather record-keeping and 2016 is hotter still.2 3 The atmospheric carbon dioxide level has exceeded anything measured in the past 1.2 million years.4 The largest and most powerful storms ever recorded have occurred in the past 3 years.5 These drastic changes to our ecosystems will undermine healthy living, exacerbate chronic illness and stress socioeconomic determinants of health— all directly contributing to increased morbidity and mortality.6 Accordingly, a growing number of leading organisations within the health sector have recognised and addressed these threats. In the USA, the American Public Health Association, the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Practitioners are just a few major colleges that have mobilised resources to affect education, mitigation and policy. In the UK, the Lancet Countdown has been transformative in promulgating attention to growing health impacts. Some emergency physicians say that we have no particular vested interest in issues of …
Impact of preoperative steroid or immunosuppressant use on short-term outcomes following colectomy in Crohn's disease patients.

Evaluating the impact of steroid or immunosuppressants (SI) therapy prior to colectomy in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients on postoperative septic and colectomy-specific outcomes using the American College of Surgeons (ACS)–National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP)-targeted colectomy database. All CD patients undergoing colectomy were retrieved from the 2012–2013 NSQIP-targeted database. Thirty-day postoperative outcomes were compared for patients who were on steroids or immunosuppressants (SI) within the 30 days prior to colectomy to the others using univariable and multivariable analyses. Of 2208 CD patients, 1387 (63%) were on SI. Patients in the SI group were younger, and a greater proportion underwent laparoscopic surgery (p < 0.05). SI use was associated with a higher rate of sepsis (7.6 vs. 5.2%), anastomotic leak (5.6 vs. 3.5%), and return to operating room (6.8 vs. 3.3%). On multivariable analysis, SI was associated with sepsis, septic shock, and anastomotic leak [odds ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval 1.09–2.27]. These results suggest that SI use within 30 days of colectomy is associated with a higher rate of sepsis and septic shock and anastomotic leak in CD patients. Withholding SI prior to surgery, or the selective use of an ostomy to mitigate the consequences of a leak and hence sepsis need due consideration prior to surgery.
Education, Religious Commitment, and Religious Tolerance in Contemporary China

Most existing research on education and religion has been situated in the United States, a context where it is normative for youth to receive religious socialization within families that is often thought to be challenged once they enter college. This study examines the relationship between higher education and religion in a non-Western context, China, where children are typically raised in secular contexts and anti-religious ideology permeates the education system. For Chinese youth, college is often individuals’ first significant exposure to religious perspectives. Using data from the 2007 Spiritual Life Study of Chinese Residents, we find that the influence of education on religion is not a secularizing one: Although the least educated are more likely to identify themselves as members of a religious group, this is true only of older adults. People with at least some college education report similar levels of religious salience and belief in their lives compared to both the least and moderately educated. In fact, younger adults who went to college are more likely to hold a religious belief than younger adults with only a primary school education, and more likely to report religion is important to them than those with a middle or high school education. Moreover, college-educated people are more likely to tolerate religious beliefs as alternatives to communism, and younger adults who went to college are more tolerant of religion vis-a-vis science than are younger adults with middle or high school education.
Diagnosis of Sepsis: Clinical Findings and the Role of Biomarkers

Sepsis accounts for approximately 50% of ICU-related deaths. Sepsis is best defined as the body’s systemic and end-organ response to an infection. The diagnosis of sepsis is particularly challenging in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. Culture-based methods of organism identification have many limitations. Advances in techniques to identify bacteria have shortened time to diagnosis of sepsis. Biomarkers, characteristics that are objective measurements of biological or pathological processes, have also emerged as promising tools for the early and accurate diagnosis of sepsis. Ultimately, reductions in sepsis-related mortality must start with a rapid and accurate diagnosis of sepsis.
Signifying Dis(Ability): Perusing Interpretations of Muhammad Ali's Disability

Writings about Muhammad Ali—the former heavyweight champion who was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease—often discuss the cultural significance of Ali's career, activism, and disability. This articl...
Functional Thinking for Managing Challenging Behavior.

Challenging student behavior remains one of the biggest trials for classroom teachers. Understanding why a student performs a specific behavior is important in determining how to develop an interve...
Three-Axis Capacitive Touch-Force Sensor for Clinical Breast Examination Simulators

Clinical breast examinations (CBEs) are a vital part of breast cancer screening programs. However, there is a lack of standardization in the kinds of motion and the forces used during the examination, which can lead to either an inaccurate or a missed diagnosis. The use of sensors in CBE simulations and training can help to alleviate this issue. This paper demonstrates a flexible, three-axis capacitive touch-force sensor that utilizes a patterned elastomeric dielectric layer. The sensor was fabricated from a copper-clad Kapton laminate and can resolve normal pressure and track directional motion. The electronic and mechanical properties of the patterned dielectric layer were analyzed in detail using finite-element analysis techniques and these results were then used to optimize the sensor. In a mock CBE setup, we used a breast model to demonstrate that the sensor, when placed under the model, could track a normal force of about 18 N when applied to the test area, as well as the trajectory of the force as it was applied around the breast model. This data, along with the accompanying variations in signal patterns, can be utilized to quantify the CBE conducted by an expert physician, which in turn can be used as feedback in training tools for residents and other physicians.
Improved Attitude and Achievement: A Case Study of an Elementary School Academic Advisement Intervention

School counselors are often called upon to develop and implement academic interventions. In this case study of one urban elementary school, a school counselor conducted a small group academic advisement intervention. The results suggest that integrating the activities into the elementary school counseling program can be an effective Response to Intervention (RTI) component that advances academic achievement and improves attendance and discipline issues. This article presents the impact of the intervention on student and parent attitudes toward school and future success and shares implications for school counselors.
Lexical frequency and morphosyntactic variation: Evidence from U.S. Spanish

The role of frequency in language variation has received a great deal of attention in recent years, especially in phonology. Recently, Erker and Guy (2012) extended the analysis of frequency to morphosyntactic variation and examined frequency effects in variation between null and overt subject personal pronouns (SPPs) in New York City Spanish. Their results suggest that frequency activates or amplifies the effects of other influences on speakers’ choices between overt and null pronouns, such as person and number. Here we attempt to replicate their study. Analysis of more than 8,600 examples of possible sites of SPP variation collected from Mexican immigrant and Mexican American Spanish shows that frequency has only a small effect on a speaker’s choice between an overt and a null pronoun. The results presented here suggest that factors such as a change in reference from the subject of the preceding tensed verb or the person and number of the verb operate independently of frequency effects and provide a better explanation of observed patterns of variation than frequency.
Homoclinic chaos and its organization in a nonlinear optics model

We developed a powerful computational approach to elaborate on the onset mechanisms of deterministic chaos due to complex homoclinic bifurcations in diverse systems. Its core is the reduction of phase space dynamics to symbolic binary representations that lets one detect regions of simple and complex dynamics as well as fine organization structures of the latter in parameter space. Massively parallel simulations shorten the computational time to disclose highly detailed bifurcation diagrams to a few seconds.
Case Studies in Aircraft Structural Integrity

Fatigue failures in operational aircraft thirty-six years ago motivated the United States Air Force to establish the USAF Aircraft Structural Integrity Program (ASIP). Since that time there have been many technical challenges encountered in the course of acquiring new aircraft that have changed ASIP from its original formulation, but not its original purpose of maintaining structural integrity. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the basic concept of the USAF Aircraft Structural Integrity Program and some of the challenges it has faced while maintaining aircraft safety and minimizing the cost of structural maintenance of in-service aircraft.
An Efficient Limited Feedback for Multi-panel based 2D Antenna Array

In this paper, a multi-component codebook structure is proposed for a channel state information (CSI) feedback to achieve an optimized beamforming gain with a limited feedback overhead when a base station (BS) is equipped with a multi-panel based 2D antenna array, where each antenna panel is a uniform rectangular array (URA). The proposed multi-component code-book structure is extended from a codebook designed for a single-panel based 2D antenna array by introducing a component pre-coder which is used to co-phase precoders across the panels. System level simulation results show that introduction of the component precoders for co-phasing of multiple panels can provide significant user packet throughput performance gain with a marginal increase in feedback overhead.
Physiological responses to acute stress and the drive to eat: The impact of perceived life stress.

The stress-eating relationship is mediated by the release of cortisol from the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Variability in stress-induced eating, and consequently, obesity, may be explained in part by individual differences in chronic stress, which disrupts the regulatory effects of the HPA axis on stress-induced eating. A greater understanding of the physiological mechanisms by which chronic stress affects acute stress-induced eating is critical in order to inform efforts to prevent and treat obesity. The current study examined the relationship between physiological responses to acute stress (cortisol and cardiovascular factors) and the drive to eat (ratings of hunger and desire to eat) in female undergraduates with high and low perceived life stress. Participants (n = 64) rated their perceived life stress in an online screening and, on a separate visit, rated their drive to eat before and after a mental stress task. The present report focused on only participants in the lowest (n = 16) and highest (n = 14) quartiles of perceived life stress. Women with high perceived life stress showed greater stress-induced cortisol responses, but no significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate. The heightened cortisol responses were not associated with hunger and desire to eat, but the cardiovascular responses were positively associated with the drive to eat. Women with low perceived life stress showed no relationships between physiological stress markers and the drive to eat. These results suggest that the cortisol stress response is dissociated from the drive to eat in chronically stressed women, although due to the small sample size the data should be regarded as preliminary. Further studies are needed to explore how cortisol and cardiovascular reactivity affect stress-induced eating.
Foot-and-mouth disease in swine. II. Some physical-chemical characteristics of antibodies produced by chemically-treated and non-treated foot-and-mouth disease virus.

The pattern of foot-and-mouth disease antibody formation in swine was similar to that produced in cattle and guinea pigs. In the early stages the antibody appeared to be a macroglobulin of the 19 S-class and the later-appearing antibody a γ-globulin of the 7 S-class. Evidence suggestive of another class of 7S antibody with an electrophoretic mobility faster than the γ2-globulin is presented. The differences in antibodies produced by the various inoculums appeared to be quantitative only. There appeared to be a correlation of the class and level of antibody produced and the degree of resistance to infection with a homologous virus.
Meta-Modeling Housing First: A Theory Based Synthesis Approach

Research synthesis has become an increasingly popular approach forsummarizing primary research. In the past two decades, interest in mixed methodsreviews has steadily grown, followed, more recently, by an increased attention totheory-based syntheses. This article advances and illustrates a practical applicationof meta-modeling—a mixed methods, theory-based synthesis approach. The proposedmethodology combines meta-analytic and qualitative comparative techniquesin developing a program theory—a meta-model—of how and why a program works.As the article illustrates, meta-modeling provides for a structured and transparentsynthesis approach for building program theories across existing studies.
Microglial cell depletion is fatal with low level picornavirus infection of the central nervous system

Microglia are the only resident myeloid cell in the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma, but the role of microglia in the context of neurotropic viral infection is poorly understood. Using different amounts of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) in a preclinical model of epilepsy and PLX5622, a colony stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibitor that selectively depletes microglia in the CNS, we report that microglia-depleted, TMEV-infected mice develop seizures, manifest paralysis, and uniformly succumb to fatal encephalitis regardless of viral amount. CNS demyelination correlates with viral amount; however, viral amount does not correlate with axon damage and TMEV antigen in the CNS.
Exploring social media addiction among student Millennials

The purpose of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of social media addiction among student Millennials. The authors use the consumption continuum as a theoretical framework.,The authors used a “media deprivation” methodology including both qualitative and quantitative measures.,The authors found that social media may exist in some respondents in a “near addiction” phase or the “social media addiction” phase according to the consumption continuum framework. Several themes are discussed.,While the sample is small, this paper is an exploratory study of social media addiction among Millennials and the first to apply the consumption continuum framework to this context (Martin et al., 2013).,This paper explores the idea of social media addiction and begins to examine the role that marketing plays in perpetuating this addiction.,This paper expands the idea beyond Facebook addiction (platform agnostic) and is the first to apply the consumption continuum framework.
Correction: Association Between Institutional Social Media Involvement and Gastroenterology Divisional Rankings: Cohort Study

Background: Patients often look to social media as an important tool to gather information about institutions and professionals. Since 1990, United States News and World Report (USNWR) has published annual rankings of hospitals and subspecialty divisions. It remains unknown if social media presence is associated with the USNWR gastroenterology and gastrointestinal (GI) surgery divisional rankings, or how changes in online presence over time affects division ranking. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if social media presence is associated with USNWR gastroenterology and GI surgery divisional rankings and to ascertain how changes in online presence over time affect division rankings. Methods: Social media presence among the top 30 institutions listed in the 2014 USNWR gastroenterology and GI surgery divisional rankings were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multivariate analysis, controlling for covariates. Linear and logistic regression using data from 2014 and 2016 USNWR rankings were then used to assess the association between institutional ranking or reputation score with any potential changes in numbers of followers over time. Sensitivity analysis was performed by assessing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to determine the follower threshold associated with improved or maintained ranking, which was done by dichotomizing changes in followers at values between the 7000 and 12,000 follower mark. Results: Twitter follower count was an independent predictor of divisional ranking (β=.00004; P<.001) and reputation score (β=–.00002; P=.03) in 2014. Academic affiliation also independently predicted USNWR division ranking (β=5.3; P=.04) and reputation score (β=–7.3; P=.03). Between 2014 and 2016, Twitter followers remained significantly associated with improved or maintained rankings (OR 14.63; 95% CI 1.08-197.81; P=.04). On sensitivity analysis, an 8000 person increase in Twitter followers significantly predicted improved or maintained rankings compared to other cutoffs. Conclusions: Institutional social media presence is independently associated with USNWR divisional ranking and reputation score. Improvement in social media following was also independently associated with improved or maintained divisional ranking and reputation score, with a threshold of 8000 additional followers as the best predictor of improved or stable ranking.
Knick v. Township of Scott: Ending a Catch-22 that Barred Takings Cases from Federal Court

The Supreme Court’s decision in Knick v. Township of Scott put a long-overdue end to a badly misguided precedent that had barred most takings cases from federal court. The big issue at stake in Knick was whether the Court should overrule Williamson County Regional Planning Commission v. Hamilton Bank (1985). Under Williamson County, a property owner who contends that the government has taken his property and therefore owes “just compensation” under the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment could not file a case in federal court until he or she first secured a “final decision” from the relevant state agency and “exhausted” all possible remedies in state court. The validity of this second “exhaustion” requirement was at issue in Knick. Even after both Williamson County requirements were met, it was still usually impossible to bring a federal claim because procedural rules preclude federal courts from reviewing final decisions in cases that were initially brought in state court. Part I of this article briefly describes the background of the Knick case and the Williamson County decision that the Court ended up reversing. In Part II, I explain why the Court was right to conclude that Williamson County created an indefensible double standard under which takings claims against state governments were effectively barred from federal court in situations where other types of constitutional claims would not be. Part III explains why overruling Williamson County is justified under the Supreme Court’s admittedly imprecise doctrine on overruling precedent. Justice Elena Kagan’s dissenting opinion is wrong to argue that overruling Williamson County also entails overruling numerous earlier precedents. Finally, Part IV assesses the potential real-world impact of the Knick decision. In many cases, it will make little difference whether a takings claim gets litigated in state court or federal court. In some situations, however, the right to bring a claim in federal court is a vital tool to avoid potential bias in state courts and procedural hoops that subject property owners to a prolonged ordeal before they have an opportunity to vindicate their rights. Claims that Knick will lead to a flood of new takings litigation are overblown. But to the extent that substantial new litigation does result, that is likely to be a feature, not a bug.
The effect of crystal anisotropy and plastic response on the dynamic fracture of energetic materials

The thermomechanical behavior of solids includes dissipative processes such as plastic deformation and fracture. The relative importance of these processes on the response of energetic materials has been a subject of study for many decades due to their significance on ignition and reaction. However, a constitutive model to simulate the anisotropy of the crack patterns and the effect of plastic deformation due to slip in energetic materials is not yet available. Finite strain thermomechanical constitutive equations that couple crystal plasticity, an equation of state, and an anisotropic phase field damage model are presented. The model is implemented in a multiphysics finite element solver and used to simulate recent experiments on β-HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) by Zaug et al. The simulations reproduce qualitatively the crack pattern and the crystal orientation dependence of the observed damage. Specifically, more damage is observed when the crystal is impacted in the ( 010 ) direction, while more plastic deformation is observed when the load is applied in the ( 110 ) direction. The present model represents a step forward to understand the interplay between plasticity and fracture in shocked β-HMX single crystals. It can be used to gain insights into temperature increase and hot-spot formation under shock.
Wnt5a Induces ROR1-Dependent Upregulation of MMP9 and Enhanced Invasiveness in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells recirculate between blood and lymphoid tissue compartments, where they receive growth/survival signals from accessory cells within the lymphoid-tissue microenvironment. Such trafficking requires leukemia cells to pass through endothelial barriers and to transverse the extracellular matrix (EM), a process that is facilitated by matrix metallopeptidases (MMP). We co-cultured CLL cells with marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) at a physiologic oxygen tension (e.g., 5% O2 in N2). Under such conditions we found that MSCs could enhance leukemia-cell expression of MMP9, a 92 kDa type IV collagenase and key MMP involved in EM degradation. Unexpectedly, however, we found circulating CLL cells with high-level expression of the onco-embryonic protein, ROR1 (designated ROR1Pos), also had high-level expression of MMP9 despite not having immediate contact with such accessory cells. Moreover, we found that circulating ROR1Pos CLL (N = 12) had significantly greater levels of MMP9 than blood CLL cells with low-to-negligible levels of ROR1 (ROR1Neg CLL, N = 10) (P Disclosures Kipps: AstraZeneca, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Verastem: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Genentech, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Velos-Bio: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Jannsen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
Challenges for rotational grazing practice: Views from non-adopters across the Great Plains, USA.

Abstract Many ranchers who practice rotational grazing have experienced economic and ecological benefits. However, the adoption rate of rotational grazing has stagnated. To identify major challenges faced by non-adopters of rotational grazing as well as factors that affect the perceptions about different challenges, we conducted a mail survey of 4250 eligible ranchers in North Dakota, South Dakota and Texas, USA. Key categories of information obtained included basic ranch information, rotational grazing adoption status, and related information. Among 875 respondents, 40.4% identified themselves as non-adopters and perceived labor and water source constraints as the two major challenges, followed by high initial investment costs. This indicates the need for technical support and educational programs to address producers’ concerns in addition to the monetary support from government subsidy programs. Findings from logistic regression analyses further indicate that landowners with higher quality soil, relatively more grassland (in both acres and percentage) and more owned land, generally perceive lower barriers to choosing rotational grazing practices and, therefore, may be a suitable target group for more effective outreach efforts and public fund investments to enhance the adoption of beneficial rotational grazing practices.