cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Synthesizer Generator: A System for Constructing Language-Based Editors

The Synthesizer Generator: A System for Constructing Language-Based Editors presents a detailed account of the Synthesizer Generator, a system for automating the construction of customized editors for particular languages. The unique feature of the Synthesizer Generator is its use of an immediate-computation paradigm to perform analysis, translation, and error reporting while an object is being edited. With the Synthesizer Generator one can create programming language environments that incrementally parse, type-check, and compile a program as it is interactively developed. The use of the system is not restricted to programming languages; editors for logics, specification languages, and verification languages can be created as well. The specification language of the Synthesizer Generator is based on the attribute-grammar concept, which plays a major role in the way compiler construction is taught today. For this reason, the Synthesizer Generator is ideal for use in course projects and should be of particular interest to those involved in compiler construction. The Synthesizer Generator is also intended for readers with an interest in software tools and methods for building interactive systems. More than just a user guide for the system, the book contains a wealth of material for those building specialized editors "by hand", without using an editor-generating tool; it discusses the issues that motivated the decisions made in the design of the system, as well as a number of the algorithms used in the system's implementation.
Ray tracing in biaxial materials

Algorithms for polarization ray tracing biaxial materials and calculating the directions of ray propagation and energy flow, the refractive indices, and the coupling coefficients for all four resultant reflected and transmitted rays are presented.
Processing and high strain rate impact response of multi-functional sandwich composites

Abstract Sandwich composites are finding increasing applications in aerospace, marine and commercial structures because they offer high bending stiffness and lightweight advantages. Currently, foam and honeycomb core sandwich composites are widely used in structural applications. However, affordability continues to be the driver to develop sandwich constructions that can be processed at lower costs and containing integrated design features. This paper considers sandwich constructions with reinforced cores by way of three-dimensional Z-pins embedded into foam, honeycomb cells filled with foam, and hollow/space accessible Z-pins acting as core reinforcement. These designs offer added advantages over conventional constructions load bearing by enabling functions such as ability to route wires, mount electronic components, increase transverse stiffness, tailor vibration damping, etc. With the assumption that these sandwich constructions would be part of a larger structure, impact damage is often of concern. This paper deals with: (a) processing of sandwich composites using out-of-autoclave cost-effective liquid molding approach, and (b) investigation of the high strain rate impact (164–326/s) response of the sandwich composite structures. Wherever applicable, comparisons are made to traditional foam core and honeycomb core sandwich constructions.
A nordic archival tradition

This paper reviews the historical roots of the Danish-Norwegian and the Swedish-Finnish archival traditions, which form a basis for the cooperation between the archives in the Nordic countries.
Health Literacy and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Underserved Inpatients in a Safety Net Hospital

Little is known about the relationship between health literacy and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in low-income racially diverse patients. The authors conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data from 581 participants enrolled in the Re-Engineered Discharge clinical trial. The authors assessed sociodemographic characteristics, CAM use, and health literacy. They used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to test the association of health literacy with four patterns of CAM use. Of the 581 participants, 50% reported using any CAM, 28% used provider-delivered CAM therapies, 27% used relaxation techniques, and 21% used herbal medicine. Of those with higher health literacy, 55% used CAM. Although there was no association between health literacy and CAM use for non-Hispanic Black participants, non-Hispanic White (OR = 3.68, 95% CI [1.27, 9.99]) and Hispanic/other race (OR = 3.40, 95% CI [1.46, 7.91]) participants were significantly more likely to use CAM if they had higher health li...
Long-term Factors Underlying Peace in Contemporary Western Civilization*

The absence of war within Western Civilization since World War II may not be the result of nuclear deterrence. It may be that nuclear weapons have not been used because of structural factors that are responsible for the peace. Measured in several ways, the present period looks as though it may be the most peaceful one in the past quarter millennium, probably the most peaceful in modern Western history. The factors behind this peace may have to do with the combination of long-term fluctuations that produces alternate crises and 'ages', and with a particular way of seeing that is as characteristic of the present period as what we now perceive as 'Victorian' was for the period between the Congress of Vienna and World War I. If that should be the case, we may expect short-term pressures for arms reduction, but long-term factors that would increase tension and danger several decades hence.
Family-based tests applied to extended pedigrees identify rare variants related to hypertension

The application of family-based tests to whole-genome sequenced data provides a new window on the role of rare variant alleles in the etiology of disease. By applying family-based tests to these data, we can now identify rare variants associated with disease. Approaches for common variants, by contrast, require large sample sizes for power, and are powerless when faced with rare variants. When we tested Yip et al's 2011 family-based association tests for rare variants on pedigrees from the Genetic Analysis Workshop 18, we found that weighted collapsing methods generally have more power than unweighted methods, but are more prone to type I errors. We then evaluated a sliding window modification of the weighted family-based association tests for rare variants method. Although this modification inflates the rate of false positives, it significantly increases the power of family-based association tests for rare variants to identify causal rare variants.
RECIPROCAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LIFE EVENTS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS

We estimate a model specifying a reciprocal relationship between psychological distress and life events. The data are from two waves of an ongoing longitudinal study of adaptations to stress. Subjects are 4397 individuals who were tested in the seventh grade (time 1) and as young adults (time 4). The analysis uses the LISREL 8 program to estimate a structural model with latent variables. The model tested specifies life events as both consequences and antecedents of psychological distress, controlling for gender, race/ethnicity and SES. The life events in the aggregate mediate and partially decompose the relationship between psychological distress during adolescence and young adulthood. Time 1 psychological distress has significant positive effects on getting fired, getting married, having a child, having someone in the household become seriously ill, becoming pregnant outside of marriage, getting a divorce, moving out of the parents' home, having an abortion and getting arrested, and has significant negative effects on graduating from junior high, starting and graduating from high school, starting college, starting a job, getting promoted and borrowing money. The following life events had significant positive effects on time 4 psychological distress: having someone in the household become seriously ill, getting fired, starting high school and divorce. The following life events had significant negative effects on time 4 psychological distress: graduating junior high school, graduating from high school, starting college, getting promoted, receiving more income and borrowing money. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field efficacy of nonpathogenic Streptomyces species against potato common scab.

Aims The primary objective of these experiments was to reduce pathogenicity and virulence of endemic soil pathogenic Streptomyces strains that cause potato common scab (CS) using nonpathogenic Streptomyces strains to suppress CS in a field situation. Methods and Results Nonpathogenic Streptomyces strains that had shown potential for mitigating CS in greenhouse assays were used in Michigan and Pennsylvania fields known to have high CS disease pressure. Five biocontrol (BC) strains and three potato cultivars were used in 2009, and three BC strains and three cultivars were used in 2010 in each location. The effects of BC strains on CS disease incidence and severity differed between locations, years and potato cultivars. When overall means of individual BC treatments were compared with nontreated controls, CS incidence and severity were decreased by all BC strains in PA2009, PA2010 and MI2010, particularly in cultivar ‘Yukon Gold’ in MI. Biocontrol treatments also significantly shifted the proportions of superficial, raised and pitted lesion types in some cultivar/biocontrol treatment combinations. Conclusions All BC strains significantly reduced CS incidence and severity on ‘Yukon Gold’ in three of four trials, and one BC strain significantly improved the lesion severity profile in cultivar ‘Atlantic’. No BC strain significantly reduced CS incidence and severity on all potato cultivars in the different years and locations. Significance and Impact of the Study Several nonpathogenic Streptomyces strains showed potential to reduce CS incidence and severity on two important potato-chipping cultivars in the field. These results can be further applied to reduce CS disease severity in potatoes.
Growth, survival, and quality of juvenile walleye Stizostedion vitreum as influenced by n−3 HUFA enriched Artemia nauplii

Abstract We quantified how addition of n −3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) to brine shrimp ( Artemia sp.) nauplii influenced growth, survival, osmotic challenge and fatty acid composition of juvenile walleye. Four groups of 6-day-old walleye were fed enriched Artemia . Lipids were altered to provide four treatments: (1) 100% cod liver oil (CLO), (2) 60% CLO/40% n −3 HUFA concentrate, (3) 40% CLO/60% n −3 HUFA concentrate, and (4) 100% n −3 HUFA concentrate. Different enrichments influenced neutral lipids of Artemia , but not their phospholipids. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations in Artemia neutral lipids in treatment 4 were doubled compared to treatment 1. Fatty acid composition of walleye body lipids, in both neutral and phospholipid fractions, reflected the changes in EPA and DHA concentrations found in enriched Artemia . After 3 weeks, walleye fed Artemia enriched with a combination of CLO and n −3 HUFA concentrate grew faster than those fed 100% n −3 HUFA enriched Artemia . Walleye fed Artemia nauplii enriched with 100% CLO survived better than all other treatments (25.0±4.5 vs. 11.4–13.1%). Walleye recovery after osmotic challenge was ordered treatment 1 through treatment 4; as n −3 HUFA in Artemia increased, so did susceptibility to this challenge. Furthermore, both survival and vitality of walleye were negatively correlated with the EPA/(arachidonic acid) AA ratio in their whole body phospholipids. The present work extends our knowledge on the effect on n −3 HUFA at higher levels in walleye juveniles diets (12.5% EPA, 5% DHA), and alterations in whole body fatty acids balance. We conclude that high EPA/DHA diet can be responsible for a decreased survival and higher susceptibility to stress in freshwater fish.
BRE: A conversational program for bivariate regression and eta

Description. The regression program described here is unique in that it is a small self-contained package that also calculates eta (the correlation ratio). one-way analysis of variance, a graph ofthe group means. and provides for limited data manipulation capability such as recoding. The organization and structure of the program is oriented totally to conversational interaction; it is designed for use in timesharing or on-line environments. The mix of statistical and data tasks that are available within the program suggest three major uses: (I) detection of nonlinear relationships by comparison of eta with the linear regression of x on y, (2) exploration of the impact of coding/recoding of variable x upon the calculation of eta and the one-way analysis of variance, and (3) computation of a monotonic variant of the correlation ratio (see Leik & Gove, 1969). Leik and Gove show how Eta can be interpreted as an index of monotonicity. but only when the group means are monotonic and the group variances are homoscedastic. The recoding feature of the ORE program provides the potential for rearranging the x variable coding so as to achieve monotonicity. The following commands or action requests are available: (I) HELP: Instructions for conversational use are printed. (2) ETA: Both the bivariate regression and eta are computed for any pair of xy variables. Eta. also called the "correlation ratio." is calculated as specified in common statistical texts (e.g .• Anderson & Zelditch, 1968; Edwards. 1970; Hays. 1973; Kerlinger, 1973; Loether & MeTavish, 1974; McNemar. 1962; & Mueller. Scheussler, & Costner. 1970). The algorithm involves sorting on x before the mean of y is computed for each group on x, The mean and other statistics are printed for each group so the printout is extensive when there are many categories or groups on x. A graphical display of the group means and variances is optional. (3) LIST: Any number of cases of the data matrix are printed. This is especially useful to check on the effects of recoding. (4) RECODE: Values on any variable are
X‐linked recessive aqueductal stenosis without macrocephaly

A normocephalic, severely retarded boy with a family history suggesting aqueductal stenosis was found by computerized tomography to have aqueductal stenosis. His parents' concurrent pregnancy was monitored by ultrasonography and amniocentesis; these disclosed a male fetus which developed marked hydrocephalus after the 20th week. The pregnancy was terminated and an autopsy of the fetus demonstrated several major CNS malformations in addition to a very narrowed aqueduct. This case illustrates the diffuse CNS disease present in at least some cases of X-linked aqueductal stenosis (XLAS) and the importance of considering this variable syndrome in normocephalic, non-dysmorphic mentally retarded males. Important aspects of the prenatal diagnosis of XLAS are also illustrated.
Assessing mobility in an aging society: Personal and built environment factors associated with older people's subjective transportation deficiency in the US

Abstract This study analyzed subjective transportation deficiency, in terms of missing activities due to lack of transportation, of the older population aged 65 and over in the United States. This study found that those who have lower personal automobile accessibility and minority females are more likely to experience transportation deficiency. Older people who have lower income, have lived for a relatively short period (3–10 years) in their communities, and live with minors are also more likely to experience lack of transportation. Older people who live in suburban communities have greater transportation deficiency, but the placement of activity locations within walking distance can improve transportation deficiency among older people who do not drive. The availability of public transit services within walking distance and knowledge about transportation alternatives do not significantly affect the transportation deficiency of the older population. The results indicate that a substantive focus should be given to how to help the older population keep driving as long as they can, and aid communities with high concentrations of older minority females. Also, developing activity clusters containing commercial and social service facilities in suburban areas with high concentrations of older populations, has the potential to alleviate transportation deficiency among this widely observed group of people who age in place.
Oscillations and buffer overflows in video streaming under non-negligible queuing delay

In this paper, we analyze how feedback delays affect stability, oscillations, and packet loss of several classes of congestion controllers used or proposed for video streaming in the current/future Internet (including window-based AIMD, rate-based AIMD, Scalable TCP, and TFRC). Our results indicate that window-based protocols in this list incur significantly less packet loss under delayed feedback than their rate-based counterparts, which explains their better overall performance observed in practice [12]. At the same time, we show that even TCP's congestion control is far from ideal from the control-theoretic point of view and leads to amplified oscillations when queuing delays increase. We conclude with an observation that multimedia in the future Internet is not likely to enjoy oscillation-free congestion control unless the network deploys some form of AQM.
Altered phosphorylation and activation of PP60c-src during fibroblast mitosis

At least half the pp60c-src in NIH 3T3-derived c-src overexpresser cells in modified by novel threonine and, possibly, serine phosphorylation within its amino 16 kd region during mitosis. At the same time, the tryptic phosphopeptide containing Ser 17, the site of cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation, is either modified or dephosphorylated. While the amount of pp60c-src is not significantly altered, the in vitro-specific kinase activity of modified pp60c-src is enhanced 4- to 7-fold. Modified pp60c-src has the same tyrosine-containing tryptic phosphopeptides as pp60c-src from unsynchronized cells, indicating that activation is independent of Tyr 416/Tyr 527 phosphorylation. Electrophoretic mobility retardations indicated that endogenous pp60c-src and pp60v-src are similarly modified during mitosis. The modifications and enhanced activity disappear near the time of cell division. These results suggest that pp60c-src is regulated by and, in turn, may regulate mitosis-specific events in fibroblasts.
Infants consider both the sample and the sampling process in inductive generalization

The ability to make inductive inferences from sparse data is a critical aspect of human learning. However, the properties observed in a sample of evidence depend not only on the true extension of those properties but also on the process by which evidence is sampled. Because neither the property extension nor the sampling process is directly observable, the learner's ability to make accurate generalizations depends on what is known or can be inferred about both variables. In particular, different inferences are licensed if samples are drawn randomly from the whole population (weak sampling) than if they are drawn only from the property's extension (strong sampling). Given a few positive examples of a concept, only strong sampling supports flexible inferences about how far to generalize as a function of the size and composition of the sample. Here we present a Bayesian model of the joint dependence between observed evidence, the sampling process, and the property extension and test the model behaviorally with human infants (mean age: 15 months). Across five experiments, we show that in the absence of behavioral cues to the sampling process, infants make inferences consistent with the use of strong sampling; given explicit cues to weak or strong sampling, they constrain their inferences accordingly. Finally, consistent with quantitative predictions of the model, we provide suggestive evidence that infants' inferences are graded with respect to the strength of the evidence they observe.
Bacterial sepsis secondary to platelet transfusion: an adverse effect of extended storage at room temperature

In a 3-month period four episodes of bacterial sepsis related to contaminated random donor platelet concentrates were observed. Evaluation incriminated extended (5 or more days) platelet storage. To determine if platelets stored for longer periods were likely to have greater bacterial contamination, platelet concentrates were inoculated with bacteria and daily quantitative bacteriology was performed. In vitro studies using polyolefin bags indicated contamination could occur with a single organism of Staphylococcus epidermidis. By 72 hours, platelet concentrates contained from 10(3) to 10(8) organisms per 0.1 ml depending on the inoculum size. By 6 days all inoculated units contained 10(7) to 10(9) organisms per 0.1 ml.
18F-Fluoride PET and PET/CT in Children and Young Adults

18F-fluoride PET/CT has been used for a wide variety of indications in children and young adults. Nearly all pediatric 18F-fluoride PET/CTs are performed to evaluate benign conditions. The most common indication is the evaluation of back pain in a wide variety of circumstances, including patients with sports injuries, scoliosis, trauma, and back pain after surgery. The high image quality of 18F-fluoride PET/CT can make it particularly useful for evaluating benign skeletal lesions such as osteoid osteoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Quantitative assessment of bone turnover with 18F-fluoride PET/CT may make it useful for assessing the skeleton in patients with metabolic bone diseases, eating disorders, and avascular necrosis. There is little pediatric experience using 18F-fluoride PET/CT for evaluation of skeletal or soft tissue disease in childhood cancers.
Arguments for early screening: a clinician’s perspective

Recent technological advances have led to an expansion in inborn errors that can be detected in the newborn period. Further developments in newborn screening will increase this number further. There are two main arguments put forward to support the developments of an expanded newborn screening programme. Firstly there may be an improvement in patient outcome. The early detection of disorders either in the pre-symptomatic or early symptomatic phase should, with treatment, result in the prevention of severe illness. This is evident for phenylketonuria and generally accepted for homocystinuria and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, disorders which have a long pre-symptomatic phase. However, other inborn errors may present within the first 10 days of life with severe illness, particularly neonatal encephalopathy. In order to effectively stop the rapid progression of these disorders, screening must be undertaken early although where severe metabolic decompensation occurs within 2 to 3 days of birth, newborn screening programmes are unlikely to be of direct benefit. Secondly an early diagnosis, even when this does not affect that individual’s prognosis, may allow for accurate genetic advise to be given to the family and the opportunity to have prenatal diagnosis for future pregnancies. Conclusion:for the clinician, the introduction of an expanded and early newborn screening presents opportunities for improved patient and family care. However, it is important to be aware of possible detrimental effects on families of early screening. Screening tests must have adequate sensitivity and high specificity. Furthermore with early screening, close liaison between the laboratory, clinicians and community services is essential.
Interphotoreceptor matrix in the human retina: cone-like domains surround a small population of rod photoreceptors.

The interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) in mammalian retinas is subdivided into rod and cone specific compartments: peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding glycoconjugates are associated with cones, whereas wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) binding glycoconjugates are associated with rods. To establish the identity of a photoreceptor cell type in the human retina with rod dimensions but with a matrix domain which stains with PNA, double label studies, using PNA-ferritin to decorate the extracellular domains and immunocytochemical techniques using a rod specific anti-opsin antibody were conducted. The PNA-binding domains were observed in the cone-associated IPM as well as in the IPM surrounding a small population of rod-shaped photoreceptors. The outer segments of these rod-shaped photoreceptors showed intense labeling with a rod specific anti-opsin antibody as did all other rods which were free of PNA-labeling. A quantitative analysis of all retinal quadrants indicates that this novel rod represents approximately 0.3% of the total rod population in the human retina. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mourning Administrative Generosity in a Postgenerous Time: Lessons from Wallace Shawn’s the Designated Mourner

This article examines the role of generosity in public administration from a peculiar literary perspective, that of Wallace Shawn’s play, The Designated Mourner. In the recent past, deontologists in the discipline, such as Emette Redford, articulated rich theories of democratic responsiveness, but today these theories no longer command a scholarly consensus. This collapse, or “death,” of deontology has led to a scramble for a new philosophical foundation to animate the study and practice of administration, with various candidates self-proclaiming themselves to be deontology’s designated mourner. This article examines three candidates: neo-Lockean natural law, neo-Habermassean communicative competence, and neo-Nietzschean receptive generosity. Only the third contains a strong enough commitment to democratic generosity to resist the temptations of self-effacement represented by Shawn’s designated mourner.
Plenary paper 1:Transformation of agrarian relations in the USSR

The transformation of agrarian relations in the U.S.S.R. and other East European countries is based on a transition to a market economy, different property and economic management forms, and a revival of cooperative principles for farm production management, as well as development of business activity in every possible way. The new agrarian policy is directed toward harmonization of social and economic processes of democratization and self-management of labor activities. Particular attention is given to the ability of economic systems to adapt to regulation by economic mechanisms, such as prices, finance, credit, taxes, and investment policy. The whole system of transformation will be realized on the basis of new legislation and differentiation, with regard on the one hand to the state governing functions and on the other to economic management and modern scientific and technological progress. Copyright 1991 by Oxford University Press.
Compression Creep and Long-Term Dimensional Stability in Appliance Rigid Foam

Diffusion of gases and condensation of blowing agents can cause the formation of lower-than-ambient pressures inside the cells of closed-cell rigid foam. The net result is a shrinkage force which can cause partial collapse of the cells and dimensional instability of the foam. Computer modeling of the cell gas pressures inside the cells of a typical appliance foam formulation shows that a loss of 1-3 psi of pressure can be due to the loss of carbon dioxide through diffusion out of the cells. An additional 6-9 psi loss of pressure can be due to the condensation of the blowing agent (141b in the present example). This total loss of pressure of 7-12 psi can represent 30-40% of the compression yield strength of the foam, enough to cause dramatic shrinkage in the foam over a period of time. This deformation at low loads and long times is known as creep and is a phenomena common to viscoelastic materials such as polymers.In the present paper, compression creep experiments were used to study the effects of varyin...
Compaction in Mississippian Skeletal Limestones, Southwestern New Mexico

ABSTRACT Petrographic studies of Mississippian echinoderm-bryozoan limestones indicate that compaction significantly reduced intergranular porosity in over 60 percent of the packstones and grainstones throughout the 30,000 square kilometers of study area. Compaction was accomplished by chemical and mechanical processes that commonly reduced intergranular volumes by up to 50 percent, and more rarely by up to 75 percent. Mechanical compaction processes included the rearrangement of grains and the plastic deformation and breakage of grains. Chemical compaction comprised pressure solution between grains, between grains and syntaxial cement crystals, and within bryozoan grains. Bryozoan grains were more susceptible to mechanical and chemical compaction than echinoderms; thus bryozoan deformation (chemical and mechanical) is the most common compaction feature in these rocks. In contrast, echinoderm grains typically underwent neither mechanical deformation nor intragranular pressure solution, although they commonly underwent intergranular pressure solution. Petrographic study of the relationship between compaction features and cherts, calcite cements, and clasts at the Post-Lake Valley unconformities reveals the timing of compaction. Much of the mechanical and chemical compaction occurred before Morrowan time and some before Meramecian time. All non-stylolitic compaction was probably completed before Permian time. These observations imply: 1) that compaction began under a few tens to a few hundreds of feet of overburden and was completed under less than 6500 feet (2000 m) of overburden, and 2) that chemical compaction occurred during cementation and thus could have been an important source of dissolved CaCO3 for the cements. The model proposed is that compaction began under low to moderate overburden pressure by rearrangement and repacking of grains, accompanied and followed by breakage of bryozoan fragments and other microcrystalline grains. Plastic deformation of bryozoans and chemical compaction began under still moderate overburden, the latter as intergranular pressure solution first of bryozoans and then of bryozoans and echinoderms. Compaction was retarded but not stopped by pre-Pennsylvanian syntaxial cementation. Mechanical and chemical compaction continued as intrabryozoan pressure solution; as intensified intergranular pressure solution; as development of drag fabrics; and as minor shell breakage. The chemical compaction was probably promoted by undersaturated groundwaters in the recharge region of the large phreatic lenses of meteoric water that migrated northward and southward in response to late Mississippian sea-level changes, the seaward portions of which precipitated the pre-Pennsylvanian cements.
Geometry of Hyperbolic Space

If G is a group acting on a set X, then for each g ϵ G we let Fix X(g) denote the fixed-point set for the action of g on X and FixX(G) the subset of X fixed by the whole group G (pointwise). Sometimes we shall omit the subscript X in this notation when it is clear what the space X is. If Y ⊂ X is a subset, then we will use the notation FixG(Y) to denote the collection of elements g ϵ G that fix Y pointwise. A sequence x n in a topological space X (i.e., each subsequence in {x n } contains a convergent subsequence). We will say that x n subconverges to x ϵ X if x is the limit of a subsequence in {x n }.
Routine revascularization with resection of infected femoral pseudoaneurysms from substance abuse

Abstract Infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysms in narcotic addicts present challenging management options. Our policy of routine revascularization is based on the concern that a high rate of amputations must follow ligation and resection alone or with selective delayed revascularization. Fifteen of 16 patients with infected pseudoaneurysms of femoral arteries, treated with resection and bypass grafts, were observed from 1 to 44 months. Obturator bypass grafts were used in 10 patients, iliac-femoral grafts in three, axillopopliteal in one, and right external iliac crossover to left popliteal in one patient. One limb, unsalvageable at presentation, was amputated primarily, along with resection of pseudoaneurysm and femoral artery ligation, without bypass grafting. One iliac-femoral graft became infected and then thrombosed 4 months after operation. Unsuitable distal arteries and impending necrosis led to above-knee amputation. One late failure among 15 revascularization attempts (7%) is significantly lower than the 11% to 33% amputation rates reported in the literature with resection of pseudoaneurysm alone and delayed selective revascularization. The other 14 patients had functioning limbs without claudication or rest pain. Our experience indicates that revascularization at the time of resection of infected pseudoaneurysm offers better prospects for limb salvage. (J VASC SURG 1988;8:321-8.)
A speed control of an interior permanent magnet motor drive ensuring minimum electrical loss

Nonlinear input-output linearization with decoupling concepts are used to effect a high performance speed control of the interior permanent magnet motor drives which also achieves the minimization of the electrical losses - the copper and core losses. This control scheme is unique in that saturation dependent parameters such as the d and q axis inductances and the voltage dependent core loss resistance are all included in the controller structure formulation and implementation. The proposed control scheme differs from known schemes which are either based on perturbation and search methods or on steady state fitted graphs that map the command q and d axis currents based on reference torques. Here, an optimization formulation that dynamically determines the reference currents/voltages required to achieve high performance speed control and total electrical loss minimization is used. The control structure methodology, the nature of the variations of the machine parameters and how they influence the machine efficiency and performance are clearly laid out in experimental and computer simulation results
An algorithm for converting floating-point computations to fixed-point in MATLAB based FPGA design

Most practical FPGA designs of digital signal processing applications are limited to fixed-point arithmetic owing to the cost and complexity of floating-point hardware. While mapping DSP applications onto FPGAs, a DSP algorithm designer, who often develops his applications in MATLAB, must determine the dynamic range and desired precision of input, intermediate and output signals in a design implementation to ensure that the algorithm fidelity criteria are met. The first step in a flow to map MATLAB applications into hardware is the conversion of the floating-point MATLAB algorithm into a fixed-point version. This paper describes an approach to automate this conversion, for mapping to FPGAs by profiling the expected inputs to estimate errors. Our algorithm attempts to minimize the hardware resources while constraining the quantization error within a specified limit.
Impaired inhibitory effects of somatostatin on growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone stimulation of GH secretion after short term infusion

We examined the effect of prior exposure to somatostatin (SRIH) on its inhibition of GH and TSH responses to GHRH and TRH stimulation to determine whether SRIH desensitization has physiological significance in man. Six men received GHRH (1 microgram/kg, iv) and TRH (0.3 microgram/kg, iv) 20 min after starting a saline or SRIH (5.5 ng/kg/min, iv) infusion and again 6 h later. Hormone responses were quantified by measuring the area under the curve, corrected for GH concentration at injection time. Similar results were obtained when GH responses were quantified by measuring the hormone secretory rate using the program Detect. Plasma GH and TSH responses to the two GHRH and TRH injections during saline were similar. However, the effects of prior exposure to SRIH were hormone specific. SRIH blunted GH responses to GHRH at 20 min (1609 +/- 286 micrograms/L.min vs. 451 +/- 224), but did not significantly inhibit the responses 6 h later (1422 +/- 410 micrograms/L.min vs. 1000 +/- 302). In contrast, SRIH inhibition of TSH responses to the two TRH injections was similar (first, 946 +/- 201 micrograms/L.min vs. 700 +/- 148; second, 813 +/- 175 micrograms/L.min vs. 562 +/- 66). We next used these results to study whether the previously reported attenuation of GH responses to repeated GHRH stimulation at 2-h intervals is mediated by SRIH. Eight men received GHRH (1 microgram/kg, iv) 380 min after starting a saline or SRIH (5.5 ng/kg/min, iv) infusion or 90 min after starting a primed (5 mg, iv) infusion of propranolol (80 micrograms/min, iv) and again 2 h later. As in the first protocol, GH responses to GHRH were not inhibited when preceded by a 6-h SRIH infusion. However, the 6-h SRIH infusion resulted in a partial restoration of plasma GH responses to the second GHRH injection (saline infusion: first, 1429 +/- 342 micrograms/L.min; second, 254 +/- 75; SRIH infusion: first, 1042 +/- 247 micrograms/L.min; second, 468 +/- 105). beta-Blockade by propranolol resulted in enhanced GH responses to GHRH, but did not prevent the attenuation of GH responses to the second GHRH injection (first, 1937 +/- 366 micrograms/L.min; second, 614 +/- 99). The desensitization to SRIH inhibition of GH responses to GHRH after a 6-h SRIH infusion provides evidence of physiological consequences of SRIH receptor down-regulation. The impaired GH responses to repeated GHRH stimulation are mediated at least in part by enhanced SRIH secretion, which appears independent of a beta-adrenergic mechanism.
Photomechanical effects due to photoisomerization in dye-doped polymer fibers

In this paper, optically-induced differential expansion in a dye-doped polymer optical fiber is studied, which can be used to make an optically-controlled cantilever. A kinetic model that includes both the photothermal and photoisomerization mechanisms is developed
Will Nonmarket Economy Methodology Go Quietly into the Night? U.S. Antidumping Policy toward China after 2016

The use of antidumping measures to protect certain domestic industries may be the most widely abused trade policy instrument worldwide. The U.S. government has been persistent in its efforts to find creative ways to inflate and impose antidumping duties on goods used by American consumers and businesses, occasionally running afoul of the law or U.S. obligations under the World Trade Organization (WTO). But U.S. authorities reserve their most punitive and abusive practices for goods from China.In those cases, the United States sets antidumping duties using what is called nonmarket economy (NME) methodology. The practice gives license to the U.S. Department of Commerce to ignore Chinese producers’ cost and price data and to turn, instead, to estimates for those data that are usually punitive and almost always unrealistic.Current WTO rules permit the United States to maintain this discriminatory approach, which China agreed to as a condition of its accession to the WTO, but that condition will expire in December 2016. If that deadline passes without the U.S. practice having changed, it will become grossly out of sync with WTO rules. Absent a major change in the mindset of U.S. trade officials with respect to Chinese treatment in antidumping proceedings, it is unlikely that the United States will bring its policy into compliance.This paper presents some of the alternative scenarios that might unfold as the 2016 expiration date approaches. There are a number of ways for U.S. antidumping authorities to retain the capacity to discriminate against Chinese exports while claiming to be in compliance with WTO rules. However, those options will almost surely precipitate years of WTO litigation and tit-for-tat retaliation harmful to the U.S. economy and the health of the global trading system.The policy that would best serve a strong U.S. trade agenda and the American public is to end NME treatment of China by no later than December 2016. China’s NME designation currently serves as an excuse for lawless protectionism, which not only inflames trade relations, but imposes enormous costs on downstream U.S. industries and consumers. Nondiscriminatory treatment of Chinese imports would bring U.S. trade policy into compliance with WTO rules while reducing the distorting effect of antidumping measures on the U.S. economy.
Bereavement: Current Issues in Intervention and Prevention

Abstract Grief experienced following the loss of a loved one is a normal and necessary process in the adaptive reintegration of the surviving individual. The health educator, in the role of death educator or bereavement counselor, can play a key role in facilitating the normal grieving process as well as identifying and referring individuals experiencing uncommon grief. The appropriateness of the intervention is dependent on the timing of intervention considering the oscillatory nature of bereavement, on the focus of skills and effect enhancement, and on the type of intervention whether individual, peer, professional, or group. Recent research findings support the need to intervene early, increase self-esteem to avoid later difficulties, the beneficial effects of self-expression, and the positive impact of constructive coping skills and feelings of personal control and competency. These findings then would guide development of the most effective bereavement education and counseling programs in the health ...
Relationships Between Pheromone Trap Catches of Male Tobacco Budworm, Larval Infestations, and Damage Levels in Tobacco

Significant correlations were found between pheromone-baited trap catches of Heliothis virescens (F.) males and (1) larval infestations and (2) damage levels in tobacco when trap catches were compared with larval and plant damage counts made 1 and 2 weeks later. Correlation also was significant between larval infestation and plant damage counts made the same week.
Inference for intermediate Haezendonck–Goovaerts risk measure

Abstract Recently Haezendonck–Goovaerts (H–G) risk measure has received much attention in actuarial science. Nonparametric inference has been studied by Ahn and Shyamalkumar (2014) and Peng et al. (2015) when the risk measure is defined at a fixed level. In risk management, the level is usually set to be quite near one by regulators. Therefore, especially when the sample size is not large enough, it is useful to treat the level as a function of the sample size, which diverges to one as the sample size goes to infinity. In this paper, we extend the results in Peng et al. (2015) from a fixed level to an intermediate level. Although the proposed maximum empirical likelihood estimator for the H–G risk measure has a different limit for a fixed level and an intermediate level, the proposed empirical likelihood method indeed gives a unified interval estimation for both cases. A simulation study is conducted to examine the finite sample performance of the proposed method.
Analysis of related factors of endodontic interappointment and prevention

Objective To explore EIAE-related factors and to provide clinical prevent theoretical basis.Methods All of 168 cases of root canal therapy,chronic apical periodontitis teeth 176.All teeth randomly divided into 4 groups for different treatment.Comparison of gender,age,teeth and with or without fistula,gum and teeth of teeth after root canal preparation location effects on the incidence of EIAE.Results There was no significant difference in Patient's age and sex on incidence.But EIAE's incidence of posterior was higher than the anterior.Dental gum reserve length has an impact on incidence of EIAE,there was significant differences between gutta-percha length.There was significant differences between EIAE incidence of fistula in patients with lower teeth without fistula.The fourth group,third group,second group compared with the first group,there was significant differences in the occurrence.Conclusion To prevent and reduce the occurrence of accident and Emergency Department during root canal therapy,should grasp in root canal preparation of root canal length,to applying calcium hydroxide disinfecting carefully before preparing,gutta-percha and root tips to maintain a certain distance,after root canal preparation for open drainage.
Apple HealthKit and Health App: Patient Uptake and Barriers in Primary Care.

Abstract Background: The Apple (Cupertino, CA) HealthKit is a new telemonitoring platform that promises to make it easier for patients and healthcare institutions to collect, transmit, and store data from devices that monitor common conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and asthma. To assess the potential use for this platform in primary care, we need to know how many Apple Healthkit users there are and if they have conditions that could benefit from telemonitoring. Materials and Methods: We examined patients in the Mayo Clinic primary care practice in Rochester, MN, who registered to connect to their Mayo Clinic medical record with Apple HealthKit. We used the primary care registry to identify users with chronic conditions of diabetes, hypertension, asthma, and depression. We also examined users for recent measurements of blood pressure, glucose, hemoglobin A1C, and cholesterol. Results: Of 98,151 patients there were 503 registrants of HealthKit. There were 95 (19%) who had hypertension, 37 (7.4%) w...
The dietitian--a translator of nutritional information.

What does it really mean to be a “translator of the science of nutrition into the skill of furnishing optimal nourishment to people”?
Knee ligament and meniscal injuries: current concepts

Assessment of knee injuries is a common component of a busy orthopaedic practice. After critical evaluation, a number of patients will be found to have meniscal or ligament pathology. This article reviews the vital roles these structures play in normal knee function. In addition, the potentially deleterious effects of knee ligament and meniscal injuries are discussed, along with providing a rationale for the currently recommended treatment of these injuries.
Furacin (nitrofurazone) vaginal suppositories in operative gynecology: a clinical and bacteriologic study of 137 patients.

Abstract 1. 1. Corrected morbidity was reduced by the use of Furacin vaginal suppositories. The reduction compares favorably with other reported regimes and has the distinct advantage of being a single agent with minimal to absent side effects. 2. 2. Satisfactory late healing was enhanced to the degree of statistical significance after the use of these suppositories. 3. 3. The apparent lack of correlation between vaginal bacterial flora and clinical performance was noted. This was also true in regard to pH readings. 4. 4. Fewer subjective complaints referable to odor and amount of discharge postoperatively were noted, paralleling the diminished incidence of unsatisfactory late healing in treated cases.
Metallacycles in Organotransition Metal Chemistry

Heterocyclic compounds have played a major role in the development of organic chemistry. It is becoming apparent that heterocycles containing a transition metal play an important role in the transition metal catalyzed reactions of olefins and acetylenes.
Reduction of cyst volume for symptomatic management of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

AbstractA total of 11 patients with refractory pain secondary to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease underwent ultrasound guided percutaneous aspiration of cyst fluid on the affected side. Surgical reduction of cyst volume was performed if pain recurred. Dramatic relief of pain was observed after both procedures. The probability of a patient being free of renal pain at 18 months was 33 ± 17 per cent for aspiration and 81 ± 12 per cent for an operation. Individual patients had relief of pain for more than 4 years. There was no deleterious effect on renal function after either aspiration or an operation. Blood pressure improved in the 5 patients with hypertension. There were no complications of percutaneous cyst aspiration. One patient required neurolysis of the drain site after cyst reduction.