cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Well-Posed Verilog-A Compact Model for Phase Change Memory

In this work, we demonstrate a well-posed compact model for phase change memory (PCM) devices based on Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 , (GST) chalcogenide. This model supports all modes of simulation including transient, DC, and AC. The model is developed in Verilog-A and simulated using HSPICE. It is computationally simple and successfully captures the key high level behaviors of memory switching, including the resistance dependence on programming voltages, currents and pulse time-scales.
Intermediate states of literariness: Poetic lining, sociological positioning, and the activation of literariness

Abstract This study utilizes texts which sit between the literary and non-literary to explore the outcomes and mechanisms of literariness. Literariness can be activated by (a) linguistic foregrounding and (b) paratextual specification. In a 2 × 2 design, manipulated versions of two soldier narratives were produced (poetry/fiction; poetry/fact; prose/fiction; prose/poetry). 215 participants were randomly assigned to read one of the textual versions and respond to rating scales dealing with perception of textual features, empathy, sympathy, and cognitive perspective-taking. The results show that poetic form elicits significantly higher ratings for empathy and sympathy and that paratextual information specifying that a text is factual elicits significantly higher ratings for empathy and cognitive perspective-taking. Two structural equation models were defined: (a) a literariness model and (b) a factual accuracy model. The results suggest an additive dual model of processing in which both poetic form and factual definition contribute to outcomes characteristic of literariness. These results offer some support for the hypotheses of the Neuro-Cognitive Poetics Model proposed by (Jacobs, 2011).
Mentes Positivas en Acción: Feasibility Study of a Promotor-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management Program for Low-Income Spanish-Speaking Latinas

Purpose: Low-income Latino immigrants lack access to mental health providers. We explored the feasibility of training promotores to deliver a stress management program in community settings. Methods: We trained promotores to deliver an 8-week intervention program comprising evidence-based cognitive-behavioral stress management techniques. Trained promotores then delivered the program to Spanish-speaking Latino immigrants. Results: Promotores (n=10) improved their knowledge significantly after the training (p<0.001) and delivered the program demonstrating excellent fidelity. Participants who received the program (n=50) had significantly improved scores on immigration stress, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is feasible to train Latino promotores to deliver an effective stress management program to low-income Latino immigrants in their communities. Results contribute to a growing literature on the value of such interventions in community settings. If it is found to be effective in future studies, the program could help fill a large need in the Latino community.
Screening eye exams in youth with type 1 diabetes under 18 years of age: Once may be enough?

Case series and registry data suggest that diabetic retinopathy requiring treatment is rare in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) prior to 18 years of age. We evaluated this question in the standardized clinical trial setting by retrospectively reviewing diabetic retinopathy examinations from participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) who were 13 to <18 years of age at randomization. Standardized stereoscopic 7-field fundus photographs were obtained every 6 months during DCCT (1983-1993). Photographs were graded centrally using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) scale. Transitions in diabetic retinopathy status over time were described. A total of 195 participants with median baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 9.3% (103 in the conventional and 92 in the intensive treatment groups) had an average of 5.3 diabetic retinopathy assessments during 2.3 years of follow-up (range 1-11) while under 18 years of age during the DCCT. No participant developed severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy or proliferative diabetic retinopathy and only one participant (in the intensive group) reached clinically significant macular edema (CSME) while less than 18 years of age. In this incident case, baseline characteristics included diabetes duration 9.3 years, HbA1c 10.3%, LDL 131 mg/dL, and mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (35/35 ETDRS scale); CSME resolved without treatment. Similar analyses using age cut-offs of <19, 20, or 21 years showed a slight rise in diabetic retinopathy requiring treatment over late adolescence. Clinical trial evidence suggests that frequent eye exams may not be universally necessary in youth <18 years of age with T1D.
Neighborhood cohesion and procedural justice in policing among Black adults: The moderating role of cultural race-related stress.

Aims This study explored how neighborhood cohesion is related to perceptions of procedural justice in policing, and the moderating role of cultural race-related stress among Black adults. Methods We conducted hierarchical regression analyses of a US sample of Black adults (N = 604) to examine if neighborhood cohesion and cultural race-related stress relate to global procedural justice in policing and procedural justice during a critical police stop. Moderation analyses were conducted to determine if cultural race-related stress strengthens or weakens the relationship between neighborhood cohesion and procedural justice in policing. Results Neighborhood cohesion was positively related to procedural justice at critical stops. For participants with above average stress from cultural racism, positive neighborhood cohesion was related to greater global perceptions of procedural justice in policing. Conclusions Altogether, these findings highlight how structural and local environmental factors can influence perceptions of police among Black adults in the US.
The haemodynamic basis of lung congestion during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Aims Increases in extravascular lung water (EVLW) during exercise contribute to symptoms, morbidity, and mortality in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but the mechanisms leading to pulmonary congestion during exercise are not well-understood. Methods and results Compensated, ambulatory patients with HFpEF (n = 61) underwent invasive haemodynamic exercise testing using high-fidelity micromanometers with simultaneous lung ultrasound, echocardiography, and expired gas analysis at rest and during submaximal exercise. The presence or absence of EVLW was determined by lung ultrasound to evaluate for sonographic B-line artefacts. An increase in EVLW during exercise was observed in 33 patients (HFpEFLW+, 54%), while 28 (46%) did not develop EVLW (HFpEFLW-). Resting left ventricular function was similar in the groups, but right ventricular (RV) dysfunction was two-fold more common in HFpEFLW+ (64 vs. 31%), with lower RV systolic velocity and RV fractional area change. As compared to HFpEFLW-, the HFpEFLW+ group displayed higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), higher pulmonary artery (PA) pressures, worse RV-PA coupling, and higher right atrial (RA) pressures during exercise, with increased haemoconcentration indicating greater loss of water from the vascular space. The development of lung congestion during exercise was significantly associated with elevations in PCWP and RA pressure as well as impairments in RV-PA coupling (area under the curve values 0.76-0.84). Conclusion Over half of stable outpatients with HFpEF develop increases in interstitial lung water, even during submaximal exercise. The acute development of lung congestion is correlated with increases in pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure that favours fluid filtration, and systemic venous hypertension due to altered RV-PA coupling, which may interfere with fluid clearance. Clinical trial registration NCT02885636.
Teaching NeuroImages: Frey syndrome.

A 42-year-old woman presented with left facial sweating whenever she ate. Symptoms started 6 months after surgery for a benign left parotid tumor. The Minor starch-iodine test was performed, revealing areas of abnormal sweating (figure 1). Two weeks following intradermal injection of botulinum toxin targeting areas of hyperhidrosis, symptoms resolved and repeat Minor test revealed resolution of abnormal sweating (figure 2). Gustatory sweating is caused by abnormal innervation of facial sweat glands by sprouting parasympathetic fibers following an injury to auriculotemporal nerve.1 The distribution can be patchy, making the Minor test essential to accurately target the involved area.
Queering the Nation: Hegemonic Masculinity, Negative Sovereignty and the Great War in Sebastian Barry’s A Long Long Way

This article examines how Sebastian Barry’s 2005 novel A Long Long Way explores the impact of the First World War in the construction of a sovereignty that is, against the grain of a teleological understanding of history, not incorporated in the official chronicle of the Irish independence from the British Empire. Through the lens of what I call ‘negative sovereignty’, which describes a form of agency that amounts to something less than nothing and is located in the obverse of the official historical record, I argue that the novel thematises the disruption caused by the war as a crisis in the hegemonic masculinity at the core of the national imagination. This article, thus, reads the novel’s protagonist, Willie Dunne, as a ‘queering’ subjectivity that embodies this kind of sovereignty, provoking a suspension in the patriarchal foundation of nation-building as symbolised by the severance of his relationship with his father.
Analytical and clinical characterization of a novel high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assay in a United States population

Abstract Background Cardiac troponin (cTn) is the keystone for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We examined the analytical and clinical diagnostic characteristics of the ACCESS hsTnI assay in a United States (US) population. Methods All measurements and studies were conducted using a lithium heparin matrix. Sex-specific 99th percentile upper reference limits (URLs) were determined for 1089 healthy women (54.6%) and men using non-parametric statistics. High-sensitivity (hs) performance was assessed to determine if the total CV was ≤10% at sex-specific URLs, and if ≥50% of cTnI values for each sex exceeded the assay’s limit of detection (LoD). Precision, analytical measurement range, high-dose hook effect, and endogenous/exogenous interferences were examined with CLSI guidance. Clinical characterization included serial sampling of 1854 suspected AMI subjects presenting to 14 US Emergency Departments. AMI was adjudicated by a panel of expert cardiologists. The study’s only exclusion was end stage renal disease. Results 99th percentile URLs were 11.6-, 19.8- and 17.5-ng/L for respective female, male and all-subject populations. Total %CV was 90%, specificity >85%; and negative and positive predictive value were ≥99% and >60%, respectively. Conclusion Analytical and clinical performance of the ACCESS hsTnI assay meets the definition of a hs cTn method. The ACCESS hsTnI assay has good precision over a wide range, no significant interferences, and sensitivity >90% and NPV ≥99%. Performance is appropriate for aiding in AMI diagnosis.
Revisiting Project Delivery System Performance from 1998 to 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study to compare the performance of design-bid-build (DBB), construction manager at risk (CMR), and design-build (DB) project delivery systems in the US...
Provincializing economics: Jevons, Marshall and the colonial imaginaries of free trade

Contemporary economics speaks about trade in the familiar abstractions of comparative advantage, tracing the modern formulation of the case for free trade made in terms of welfare maximization to l...
Development of a brief online intervention to address aggression in the context of emotion-related impulsivity: Evidence from a wait-list controlled trial

Trait-like tendencies to respond impulsively to emotion, labelled emotion-related impulsivity, are robustly related to aggression. We developed and tested an online intervention to address emotion-related impulsivity and aggression. The 6-session intervention focused on behavioral techniques shown to decrease arousal and aggression, supplemented with implementation intentions and smartphone prompts to facilitate skills transfer into daily life. First, we piloted the intervention in-person with 4 people. Then, 235 participants were randomly assigned to take the online intervention immediately or after a wait-list period; those in the waitlist were then invited to take part in the intervention. Participants completed the self-rated Feelings Trigger Action Scale to assess emotion-related impulsivity, the interview-based Modified Overt Aggression Scale and the self-rated Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Participants who took part in the treatment completed daily anger logs. Attrition, as with other online programs, was high; however, treatment completers reported high satisfaction, and outcomes changed more rapidly during treatment than waitlist across all key outcome indices. In analyses including all participants who took part in the treatment (immediate or delayed), we observed moderate-to-large treatment gains, which were maintained as of the 3-month follow-up assessment. This work supports the usefulness of an intervention for addressing emotion-related impulsivity and aggression.
Compatibility and Laterality Effects in Directional Information Displays

Stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility effects were examined in a series of experiments investigating mental representations of the directions "right" and "left". In a simple word-picture verification task, both laterality and S-R compatibility showed strong effects using right-handed subjects. Displays with the term "right" took less time to verify than those with the term "left", and compatible manual responses were faster than the incompatible. When the task was made more complex, no compatibility effect was found. In two picture verification tasks, laterality effects did not appear but the compatibility effects remained strong. Finally, a similar task was modified to eliminate the S-R compatibility effect, and the right-left directionality effect once again emerged. These results are discussed in terms of the cognitive processes involved in interpreting the spatial terms and in mapping the spatial codes for response. Language: en
An internal medicine residency's response to the COVID-19 crisis: caring for our residents while caring for our patients.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, internal medicine residencies have had to develop new teaching strategies and attend to wellness concerns. Providing front-line care for patients in a time of ...
An Active Power Control Method for Large-Scale Wind Energy Considering Peak Load and Transmission Constraints

In order to improve the utilization efficiency of wind energy and reduce the wind energy curtailment as much as possible, this paper proposes an active power control strategy based on peaking and tie line constraints, which divides peaking and tie line absorptive capacity into dynamic zones. Through flexible switching of control modes in different zones, the utilization of peaking and tie line capacity can be maximized. Considering the situation that there is the non-energy dissipation of power grid due to peak load regulation or blocked cross-section, this paper proposes an echelon active power control strategy, taken into account the utilization of hours and the completion of trading power, thus, ensuring the fairness of the generating capacity of each station. The practical operation on a power grid system of northern part China demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method.
K-pop - The International Rise of the Korean Music Industry

Introduction: Why K-pop Fandom Matters JungBong Choi and Roald Maliangkay 1. Same Look through Different Eyes: Korea's History of Uniform Pop Music Acts Roald Maliangkay 2. Into the New World: Girls' Generation from the Local to the Global Stephen J. Epstein 3. The Political Economy of Idols: South Korea's Neoliberal Restructuring and its Impact on the Entertainment Labor Force Inkyu Kang 4. Despite not being Johnny's: The Cultural Impact of TVXQ in the Japanese Music Industry Ju Oak Kim 5. SBS PopAsia: Non-stop K-Pop in Australia Liz Giuffre and Sarah Keith 6. Loyalty Transmission and Cultural Enlisting of K-pop in Latin America JungBong Choi 7. Hallyu and the K-pop Boom in Japan: Patterns of Consumption and Reactionary Responses Eun-Young Jung 8. The Dynamics of K-Pop Spectatorship: The Tablo Witch-hunt and Its Double-Edged Sword of Enjoyment Haerin Shin 9. 'We keep it local' - Malaysianising "Gangnam Style": A Question of Place and Identity Gaik Cheng Khoo 10. A Sound Wave of Effeminacy: K-pop and the Male Beauty Ideal in China Roald Maliangkay and Geng Song
Evaluation of Potential Inhalation Hazard of Particulate Silicious Compounds by In Vitro Rabbit Alveolar Macrophage Tests—Application to Industrial Particulates Containing Hazardous Impurities

The Rabbit Alveolar Macrophage test was used to evaluate the toxic ranking of a series of particulate samples collected from in-plant control devices from various industrial processes. Generally, low-to-intermediate cytotoxicity was found for samples collected from a steel foundry and from different coal-fired power plants, whereas particulates originating from an aluminum and a copper smelter were highly toxic to alveolar macrophages (AM), as monitored by viability, total cellular protein, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. In contrast to all others, these two samples also contained soluble components that contributed to their overall in vitro cytotoxicity. The copper-smelter dust and two coal fly ash samples chosen on the basis of their respective high, intermediate, and low in vitro cytotoxicity were used in aerosol exposures to examine their in vivo effects in mice. Observations from our laboratory reported elsewhere demonstrated parallel effects in in vivo assessments of the inhalation toxicity of these samples in the intact animal and thereby substantiated the in vitro data.
Strong Interest Inventory

The first edition of the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) was published in 1927 by E. K. Strong Jr. The SII has evolved over the decades with periodic revisions that have expanded the information provided for test takers, addressed issues of sex and cultural fairness, updated the item pool to reflect occupational and societal changes, and provided enhanced interpretive information. One constant throughout the history of the SII is the careful attention that has been paid to providing evidence of validity, as well as evidence of reliability, for the instrument's scale scores. Another constant has been the widespread use of the SII with adult and young populations. In contrast to the first edition of the SII that featured 18 Occupational scales, the profile of the current edition (Consulting Psychological Press, 2004) provides scores on 244 Occupational scales, 30 Basic Interest scales, 6 General Occupational Themes, and 5 Personal Style scales. Test takers respond to 291 items and are asked to indicate the extent to which they strongly like, like, are indifferent to, dislike, or strongly dislike various kinds of jobs, subjects, work and leisure activities, and people. The reading level for the SII is about the ninth grade, and the instrument takes about 30 minutes to complete. Keywords: strong interest inventory; interest measurement; Holland's theory of vocational types; occupational choice
A WIRELESS HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM FOR CHILDHOOD OBESITY PREVENTION

This paper presents a novel childhood obesity prevention system called No Pain No Game which aims at encouraging children to fit physical exercise into their daily life; the more entertainment they demand, the more exercise they have to perform. The proposed system evaluates children’s activity level and assigns them corresponding amount of home entertainment time such as television viewing or playing video games. This way, children can obtain a sense of achievement, while parents can save the time without manually controlling the corresponding entertainment appliances. No Pain No Game gives parents full wireless control over the home’s power outlets without obliging them to struggle with their children. Furthermore, through No Pain No Game’s software interface, children are able to extend their home entertainment time without the presence of their parents.
Political, Economic, and Social Transformations in Post-Soviet Belarus, 1990-2012: A Research Brief and Overview

With the economic collapse of the former Soviet Union, Belarus was faced with new political and economic realities. In the two decades since, these new realities have also impacted other aspects on Belarusian's day-to-day lives, including their societal values and attitudes. Utilizing primary data collected from in-depth interviews, focus groups, and participant observation, along with secondary data analysis of multiple waves of the World Values Survey, this research brief and overview proposes a research agenda to examine and explore the political, economic, and social transformations in post-Soviet Belarus from 1990-2012 and these impacts on societal and work values and attitudes.
The consequences of introducing an autophosphorylation site into the type I regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

Abstract The type I and type II regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase can be distinguished by autophosphorylation. The type II regulatory subunits have an autophosphorylation site at a proteolytically sensitive hinge region, while the type I regulatory subunits have a pseudophosphorylation site. Only holoenzyme formed with type I regulatory subunits has a high affinity binding site for MgATP. In order to determine the functional consequences of regulatory subunit phosphorylation on interaction with the catalytic subunit, an autophosphorylation site was introduced into the type I regulatory subunit using recombinant DNA techniques. When Ala97 at the hinge region of the type I regulatory subunit was replaced with Ser, the regulatory subunit became a good substrate for the catalytic subunit. Stoichiometric phosphorylation occurred exclusively at Ser97. Radioactivity was incorporated primarily into the recombinant regulatory subunit when catalytic subunit and [gamma-32P]ATP were added to the total bacterial extract. Phosphorylation of the mutant regulatory subunit also occurred readily following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrophoretic transfer to nitrocellulose. Phosphorylation occurred as an intramolecular event in the absence of cAMP indicating that the hinge region of the regulatory subunit occupies the substrate recognition site of the catalytic subunit in the holoenzyme complex. Holoenzyme formed with both the wild type and mutant regulatory subunits was susceptible to dissociation in the presence of high salt; however, only the native holoenzyme was stabilized by MgATP. In contrast to the wild type holoenzyme, the affinity of the mutant holoenzyme for cAMP was not reduced in the presence of MgATP. Holoenzyme formation also was not facilitated by MgATP.
Reproductive variables and alcohol consumption of the C57BL/Crgl female mouse.

Various investigators have reported that forced ingestion of alcohol by experimental animals has a detrimental effect on reproductive capacity and on progeny. This study was undertaken to test whet...
Extending the asymmetric Bruggeman effective medium theory to include scattering from small spherical inclusions

A large number of theories have previously been developed to describe binary composite materials. One method which has included scattering is the theory of strong permittivity fluctuations (SPF). This paper presents an alternative method incorporating the effects of scattering into an effective permittivity description of a binary composite mixture of spherical inclusions in a continuous host medium. This alternative method utilizes the low volume fraction limit of the SPF theory in an iterative formulation analogous to that used to derive the asymmetric Bruggeman effective medium theory (EMT).
Trade restrictions with imported intermediate inputs

Abstract This note points out an error in Lopez and Rodrick's (LR) analysis of the effects of changes in tariffs on imported intermediate inputs on welfare, the real exchange rate, and the trade balance in a small open economy. It shows that the welfare effect depends on an output-composition effect (which was ignored by LR), in addition to the standard distortion-magnification effect identified by LR. Taking account of this output-composition effect affects the rest of LR's comparative statics results, notably relating to the real exchange rate and the trade balance.
Calibration and parameter identification of a 6-DOF robot using a single radial-distance transducer

The main goal is the identification of all the kinematic parameters of a robot to improve its absolute accuracy. The authors use a simple radial-distance linear transducer which measures the distance from a fixed point in the workspace to the robot's endpoint. These scalar data are accumulated as the robot endpoint is moved within one or more spherical shells centered about the fixed point. Optimal values for all of the independent kinematic parameters of the robot can then be found. The motivation, theory, implementation, and performance of this particularly easy calibration and parameter identification method are discussed. A disagreement in the literature about the class of measurements needed to fully identify a robot's kinematic parameters is addressed. >
Electronic transport studies and photo-detecting properties of indium oxide nanowires

Single crystalline In/sub 2/O/sub 3/ nanowires were synthesized and then utilized to construct field effect transistors (FET) consisting of individual nanowires. These nanowire transistors exhibited nice n-type semiconductor characteristics with well-defined linear and saturation regimes, and on off ratios as high as 10/sup 4/ were observed at room temperature. The temperature-dependence of the conductance revealed thermal emission as the dominating transport mechanism. Furthermore, photo-conducting properties of In/sub 2/O/sub 3/ nanowires were also studied. These nanowire transistors showed substantial increase in conductance and also significant shifts in the gate threshold voltage upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.
NMR Structure of Francisella tularensis Virulence Determinant Reveals Structural Homology to Bet v1 Allergen Proteins

Summary Tularemia is a potentially fatal bacterial infection caused by Francisella tularensis , and is endemic to North America and many parts of northern Europe and Asia. The outer membrane lipoprotein, Flpp3, has been identified as a virulence determinant as well as a potential subunit template for vaccine development. Here we present the first structure for the soluble domain of Flpp3 from the highly infectious Type A SCHU S4 strain, derived through high-resolution solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy; the first structure of a lipoprotein from the genus Francisella . The Flpp3 structure demonstrates a globular protein with an electrostatically polarized surface containing an internal cavity—a putative binding site based on the structurally homologous Bet v1 protein family of allergens. NMR-based relaxation studies suggest loop regions that potentially modulate access to the internal cavity. The Flpp3 structure may add to the understanding of F. tularensis virulence and contribute to the development of effective vaccines.
Douching, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, and Incident Gonococcal and Chlamydial Genital Infection in a Cohort of High-Risk Women

Douching has been linked to gonococcal or chlamydial cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in retrospective studies. The authors conducted a 1999-2004 prospective observational study of 1,199 US women who were at high risk of acquiring chlamydia and were followed for up to 4 years. Cervical Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis were detected from vaginal swabs by nucleic acid amplification. PID was characterized by histologic endometritis or pelvic pain and tenderness plus one of the following: oral temperature >38.3 degrees C, leukorrhea or mucopus, erythrocyte sedimentation rate >15 mm/hour, white blood cell count >10,000, or gonococcal/chlamydial lower genital tract infection. Associations between douching and PID or gonococcal/chlamydial genital infections were assessed by proportional hazards models. The 4-year incidence rate of PID was 10.9% and of gonococcal and/or chlamydial cervicitis was 21.9%. After adjustment for confounding factors, douching two or more times per month at baseline was associated with neither PID (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval: 0.42, 1.38) nor gonococcal/chlamydial genital infection (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval: 0.76, 1.78). Frequency of douching immediately preceding PID or gonococcal/chlamydial genital infection was not different between women who developed versus did not develop outcomes. These data do not support an association between douching and development of PID or gonococcal/chlamydial genital infection among predominantly young, African-American women.
Evolution of nuclear shapes in 157–161yb as a function of spin and neutron number

Abstract The population distributions of the entry states, the entry lines 〈E∗> versus multiplicity, the energy spectra and the angular distributions of the continuum γ-rays as a function of multiplicity in 157–161yb from the reactions of 136 MeV and 149 MeV 20Ne with 144Nd and 146Nd have been investigated with a 4π multidetector system gated with a Ge detector. The observed entry lines and γ-decay modes indicate changes in the nuclear structure with increasing spin. This systematic change for N = 87– 91 Yb isotopes suggests an evolution of nuclear shapes from prolate at low spins to particle aligned oblate structure for 157yb and 158yb followed by the onset of high-K bands built on largely deformed oblate states at increasingly higher spin between 38 and 50 kh with increasing neutron number for 157–161yb. Furthermore evidence for an evolution to triaxial shape at I ⋍ 50 for 158yb was found.
PHYTOCHROME-MEDIATED GERMINATION: EFFECTS OF BRIEF HIGH TEMPERATURE TREATMENTS

— Brief high temperature treatments, applied early in the pregerminative period to radiation-requiring seeds of lettuce, inhibited both dark and radiation-induced germination. The inhibition increased with increasing incubation temperature. There was little difference in the germination percentage whether the inductive irradiation was applied before or after the high temperature treatment. When the high temperature treatment preceded induction, there was an increase in the radiation dosage required for maximum germination. These findings are interpreted in terms of lability of physiologically active phytochrome to higher temperatures.
DNA repair activity and resistance to solar UV-B radiation in eggs of the red-legged frog

We assessed DNA repair and resistance to solar radiation in eggs of the red-legged frog (Rana aurora), a species whose populations appear to be in decline. Specifically, we measured the activity of photoreactivating enzyme, photolyase, in R. aurora oocytes. In some species photoreactivation is the most important mechanism for repair of UV-damaged DNA. We also compared the hatching success of R. aurora eggs subjected to ambient levels of UV-B radiation with those shielded from UV-B radiation. We found photolyase levels in R. aurora to be relatively high when compared with other amphibians and hatching success to be unaffected by UV-B radiation. We suggest that UV-B radiation is an unlikely cause for declining populations of red-legged frogs. Evaluamos la reparacion de ADN y la resistencia a la radiacion solar en huevos de rana de piernas rojas, Rana aurora, una especie cuyas poblaciones aparentemente estan declinando. Especificamente, medimos la actividad de la enzima fotoreactivante, fotoliasa, en ovocitos de R. aurora. En algunas especies la fotoreactivacion es el mecanismo mas importante en la reparacion de ADN danado por rayos ultravioleta (UV). Tambien comparamos el exito de eclosion de huevos de R. aurora sujetos a niveles ambientales de radiacion UV-B con el de huevos protegidos contra dicha radiacion. Encontramos que los niveles de fotoliasa en R. aurora son relativamente mas altos que en otros anfibios y que el exito de eclosion no es afectado por la radiacion UV-B. Sugerimos que ia radiacion UV-B no es un factor en la declinacion de poblaciones de ranas de piernas rojas.
Change in Oregon Maternity Care Workforce after Malpractice Premium Subsidy Implementation

Objectives (1) To determine the proportion of maternity care providers who continue to deliver babies in Oregon; (2) to determine the important factors relating to the decision to discontinue maternity care services; and (3) to examine how the rural liability subsidy is affecting rural maternity care providers' ability to provide maternity care services.
Sequence requirements for translation initiation of Rhopalosiphum padi virus ORF2.

Rhopalosiphum padi virus (RhPV) is an aphid-infecting virus with a 10-kb ssRNA genome that contains two large open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 and ORF2 encode the nonstructural and structural polyproteins, respectively. Both ORFs are preceded by noncoding regions of 500 nt that could function as internal ribosome entry segments (IRESes). The sequence for ORF2 lacks an obvious initiation codon, but an out-of-frame AUG codon is present that could translate ORF2 through a +1 frameshift. To investigate the mechanisms of translation initiation of ORF2, a series of point and deletion mutations were constructed and transcribed and translated in vitro. A bicistronic plasmid containing two copies of the RhPV intergenic region translated both ORFs efficiently, indicating that the region functioned as an IRES in vitro. Deletion analysis showed that the region required for activity of the IRES extended from 178 nt upstream and 6 nt downstream of the 5' border of ORF2. Changes in the out-of-frame AUG codon had little effect on translation initiation, but mutations that included the first and second codons of ORF2 or that disrupted a putative pseudoknot structure near the 3' end of the IRES failed to initiate protein synthesis. Sequence analysis of the in vitro synthesized proteins showed that the first amino acid of the polyprotein corresponded to the second codon of ORF2. These results show that in vitro the noncoding region upstream of RhPV ORF2 functions as an IRES that contains a pseudoknot that directs translation initiation at a non-AUG codon. If the in vitro synthesized proteins have not been processed by an aminopeptidase, translation is initiated at the second (GCA) codon of ORF2.
The 5′ stem–loop regulates expression of collagen α1(I) mRNA in mouse fibroblasts cultured in a three-dimensional matrix

The stability of collagen α1(I) mRNA is regulated by its 5′ stem–loop, which binds a cytoplasmic protein in a cap-dependent manner, and its 3′-untranslated region (UTR), which binds αCP. When cultured in a three-dimensional gel composed of type I collagen, mouse fibroblasts had decreased collagen α1(I) mRNA steady-state levels, which resulted from a decreased mRNA half-life. In cells cultured in gel, hybrid mouse–human collagen α1(I) mRNA with a wild-type 5′ stem–loop decayed faster than the same mRNA with a mutated stem–loop. When the 5′ stem–loop was placed in a heterologous mRNA, the mRNA accumulated to a lower level in cells grown in gel than in cells grown on plastic. This suggests that the 5′ stem–loop down-regulates collagen α1(I) mRNA. Protein binding to the 5′ stem–loop was reduced in cells grown in gel, which was associated with destabilization of the collagen α1(I) mRNA. In addition to the binding of a cytoplasmic protein, there was also a nuclear binding activity directed to the collagen α1(I) 5′ stem–loop. The nuclear binding was increased in cells grown in gel, suggesting that it may negatively regulate expression of collagen α1(I) mRNA. Binding of αCP, a protein involved in stabilization of collagen α1(I) mRNA, was unchanged by the culture conditions.
Age-related changes in striatal dopamine activity following nigral muscimol infusions

Microinfusions of muscimol into the substantia nigra pars reticulata produced marked increases in striatal dopamine (DA) utilization without affecting striatal DA concentration in adult rats. In contrast, muscimol increased striatal DA concentration and decreased DA utilization in 16-day-old rat pups. The striatal norepinephrine concentration was not altered in either group. Since previous studies have shown that similar infusions of muscimol are anticonvulsant in adults and proconvulsant in rat pups, our results suggest that the nigrostriatal pathway may play an important role in mediating the nigral effects on seizures.
Coupling electric vehicles and power grid through charging-in-motion and connected vehicle technology

A traffic-assignment-based framework is proposed to model the coupling of transportation network and power grid for analyzing impacts of energy demand from electric vehicles on the operation of power distribution. Although the reverse can be investigated with the proposed framework as well, electricity flowing from a power grid to electric vehicles is the focus of this paper. Major variables in transportation network (including link flows) and power grid (including electricity transmitted) are introduced for the coupling. Roles of charging-in-motion technology and connected vehicle technology have been identified in the framework of supernetwork. A linkage (i.e. individual energy demand) between the two networks is defined to construct the supernetwork. To determine equilibrium of the supernetwork can also answer how many drivers are going to use the charging-in-motion services, in which locations, and at what time frame. An optimal operation plan of power distribution will be decided along the determination simultaneously by which we have a picture about what level of power demand from the grid is expected in locations during an analyzed period. Caveat of the framework and possible applications have also been discussed.
Equilibrium points of the Riccati equation: Geometric structure

Given the algebraic Riccati equation (ARE) -A'K - KA + KBB'K - Q = 0 and its unique maximal symmetric solution K+, J. C. Willems [5] proved that the set of real symmetric solutions is in one-to-one correspondence with the set of invariant subspaces of A- BB'K+. We prove that this bijection is actually a homeomorphism. This enables us to apply several theorems of Shayman [3], [4] on the variety of invariant subspaces of a finite-dimensional linear operator. We obtain a detailed description of the solution set of the ARE. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the set to be finite. We compute the number of connected components, and show that the connected components need not be manifolds. However, they are always unions of manifolds, and we give a formula for their dimension.
Gain in Transcriptional Activity by Primate-specific Coevolution of Melanoma Antigen-A11 and Its Interaction Site in Androgen Receptor

Male sex development and growth occur in response to high affinity androgen binding to the androgen receptor (AR). In contrast to complete amino acid sequence conservation in the AR DNA and ligand binding domains among mammals, a primate-specific difference in the AR NH2-terminal region that regulates the NH2- and carboxyl-terminal (N/C) interaction enables direct binding to melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-11), an AR coregulator that is also primate-specific. Human, mouse, and rat AR share the same NH2-terminal 23FQNLF27 sequence that mediates the androgen-dependent N/C interaction. However, the mouse and rat AR FXXLF motif is flanked by Ala33 that evolved to Val33 in primates. Human AR Val33 was required to interact directly with MAGE-11 and for the inhibitory effect of the AR N/C interaction on activation function 2 that was relieved by MAGE-11. The functional importance of MAGE-11 was indicated by decreased human AR regulation of an androgen-dependent endogenous gene using lentivirus short hairpin RNAs and by the greater transcriptional strength of human compared with mouse AR. MAGE-11 increased progesterone and glucocorticoid receptor activity independently of binding an FXXLF motif by interacting with p300 and p160 coactivators. We conclude that the coevolution of the AR NH2-terminal sequence and MAGE-11 expression among primates provides increased regulatory control over activation domain dominance. Primate-specific expression of MAGE-11 results in greater steroid receptor transcriptional activity through direct interactions with the human AR FXXLF motif region and indirectly through steroid receptor-associated p300 and p160 coactivators.
Polymorphic Conversion of Mercuric Iodide on Alumina

IT is well known that mercuric iodide exists in two crystalline forms, the stable red form being converted to the metastable yellow at 127° C.1. Recently, Sieskind2 has reported an orange modification which was isolated from both ethyl acetate and acetone.
PROSPECTS OF VILLAGE DEATH IN ILAHITA

The history of settlement in Ilahita village, an Arapesh community in the East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, is pronounced by incessant, behaviourally mediated adjustments between changing internal and external social environments. Having grown to immense size and structural complexity partly in response to Abelam encroachment and cultural exportation, Ilahita began to come apart once warfare was suppressed in the 1950s. The twin processes of social denucleation and physical disintegration have greatly accelerated during the post-independence period, as new religious, economic, and legal institutions, along with galloping population growth, combine to promote a shift from collectivist to individualist modes of social agency and identity. Despite the novelty of these circumstances, village death in Ilahita signals a reversion toward the kind of settlement which existed before the village was ever born. The case of Ilahita is presented for its ethnographic interest and as an illustration of settlement dynamics which perhaps occur more generally under Melanesian social, cultural and historical conditions.
Helium Release Behavior of Aged Titanium Tritides

Abstract One sample of bulk Ti has been loaded with a 50%/50% deuterium/tritium (D/T) mixture and statically aged for 6.5 years. Thermal desorption of the sample shows an initial release of hydrogen isotopes followed by He 3 release. Subsequent D2 loading/desorption was used to quantify the trapped tritium heel. The sample shows an excess hydrogen capacity as a second thermal desorption peak that partially disappears and shifts with annealing at 923–973 K. The main hydrogen desorption peak also shifts to higher temperature, indicating a partial reversal of the tritium-decay induced damage by annealing.
Contraceptive Choices for Perimenopausal Women

PIP: Ovulation begins to decline between the ages of 38 and 42 years accompanied by the decrease in circulating levels of estrogen. In a pilot study of 75 mid-life women at a large mid-Atlantic medical center, women were divided into 2 groups: those aged 45 through 49 years and those aged 50 through 55 years. In the study, 31 of the 75 women were already menopausal. The diaphragm was the major method used among the 65.3% of women using birth control, but its use by perimenopausal women is questionable, as a diaphragm may not fit as tightly as it had previously. Condoms with foams were found to be the second most frequent contraceptive method used. Condoms and foam may be the most functional method of birth control for the perimenopausal woman, as foam can be a lubricating source alleviating any dyspareunia. Condoms may be unpopular with older men already experiencing decreasing penile sensitivity. IUD use is limited, although 4 women continued to use either the hormone IUD, Progestaset, or the newer copper T-IUD. The major side effect has been the development of pelvic inflammatory disease possibly resulting in infertility. The IUD is contraindicated if the woman has experienced menorrhagia, uterine fibroids, or previous cervical surgery. The device has to be removed prior to the true menopausal state to prevent the IUD from becoming embedded in the uterine wall. Although the use of oral contraceptives by perimenopausal women remains controversial, 3 women in the study were taking them. If the woman does not smoke, is not obese, and is considered healthy, oral contraceptives containing 50 mcg estrogen have been shown to be safe for older women and without significant link to cardiovascular mortality. Oral contraceptives also can reestablish a regular menstrual cycle, prevent menopausal symptoms, and retard osteoporosis. Abstinence may prove a viable method. Nurse practitioners can also present the pros and cons of hormone replacement therapy and help women choose appropriate contraceptive methods during the perimenopausal years.
Short baseline projects

Abstract In a search for ν μ → ν e oscillations, the LSND experiment has observed an excess of events which are consistent with an oscillation signal. The KARMEN experiment, which is the only ongoing experiment which can test the LSND hypothesis, does not observe an excess, but also does not cover the full LSND allowed region. In this report, the results of these two experiments are discussed, together with the expectations of the MiniBooNE experiment which has been approved to run at FNAL in 2001. MiniBooNE's goal is to definitely verify or disprove the LSND oscillation hypothesis. Finally, the implications of the experimental techniques developed for current short baseline experiments for a future short baseline program, assuming the verification of the LSND signal, is also discussed.
Evaporation in sheltered areas as influenced by windbreak porosity.

Abstract Evaporation was measured with atmometers located from 6 H (H is height of windbreak) windward (upwind) to 12 H leeward (downwind) of a 2.44 m (8 ft.) high windbreak. Evaporation, wind speed, and other associated micro-meteorological measurements were made when the wind direction was perpendicular ± 25° to the windbreak. With less porous windbreaks, minimum leeward evaporation occurred closer to the windbreak and, after reaching minimum, tended to increase more quickly than with more porous windbreaks. Minimum evaporation leeward of windbreaks 60, 40, and 0% porous occurred at about 4.5 H, 3.5 H, and immediately adjacent to the windbreak, respectively. At 4 H leeward of the solid windbreak, evaporation had recovered to 92% of open-field evaporation, whereas at 4 H leeward of 40 and 60% porous windbreaks, evaporation rates were 65 and 75% of open-field evaporation, respectively. Lowest relative evaporation over the observation region from 6 H windward to 12 H leeward was achieved with a 40% porous barrier. The windbreaks reduced evaporation in proportion to wind speed reduction. Data from measuring evaporation with atmometers agreed fairly well with data calculated with a revised combination model for instantaneous potential evaporation rate.