cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Loose cuff hypertension.

In this study, an analysis of the effects of cuff looseness on mean blood pressure readings was performed. Using a standard adult blood pressure cuff, pressure readings were taken on each arm at a cuff looseness of 0, 2, 4, and 6 cm beyond patient arm circumference. The cuff was then switched to the opposite arm and the procedure repeated. Blood pressure readings taken from the left arm with the cuff at an appropriately snug fit served as the reference. Increasing cuff looseness simulates the possibly incorrect blood pressure cuff placement by health care workers in the clinical setting. Data from 24 subjects support the claims that mean blood pressure increases with respect to increasing cuff looseness. It was shown that measurements taken on left and right arms will result in significantly different blood pressure readings (p < 0.001). It is therefore crucial to properly place the cuff at a snug fit on the patient’s arm for each measurement procedure, to prevent false readings. Lack of consistent cuff size and snugness procedures can lead to misdiagnosis of hypertension, acute patient discomfort, and inconvenient costs to the patient and health care provider.
Isothermal adsorption in fixed beds

Prediction of single component adsorption in a packed bed operated isothermally is accomplished through the use of a mathematical model. The model accounts for the diffusional resistance between the bulk gas and the surface of the adsorbent particles, and for the diffusional resistance within the particles. The adsorption reaction within the pores is assumed to be very rapid compared to these two rate controlling mechanisms. The model can be used for isotherms of any shape and for gaseous feeds of any concentration. The partial differential equations of the model were solved numerically. Breakthrough curves are presented for four different isotherms and for two feed concentrations. The extension of the model to handle surface diffusion is treated. The model is compared with that of Rosen ≥11, 20 and the differences are discussed. On peut predire, au moyen d'un modele mathematique, l'adsorption d'un simple composant dans un lit garni qui fonctionne isothermiquement. Le modele tient compte de la resistance a la diffusion entre le gaz global et la surface des particules adsorbantes ainsi que de celle qui existe en dedans des particules elles-memes. On suppose que la reaction d'adsorption dans les pores est tres rapide, en comparaison de ces deux mecanismes de reglage de la vitesse. On peut utiliser le modele pour des isothermes de n'importe quelle forme et pour des alimentations gazeuses de n'importe quelle concentration. On a resolu numeriquement les equations differentielles et partielles du modele. On presente des courbes de percee pour quatre isothermes differentes et deux concentrations de l'alimentation. On discute l'application du modele a la diffusion superficielle et le compare avee celui de Rosen ≥11, 20 en soulignant les differences qui existent.
Twenty Years of Research in Information Technology in Education: Assessing Our Progress.

Abstract The twentieth anniversary of Computers in the Schools is an occasion to reflect on the state of the art in information technology in education. Computers are probably no longer in danger of being abandoned by schools; and, in fact, computers have gained so much cultural momentum that educators could probably not intentionally prevent their continued integration into schooling. On the other hand, they have not brought about the revolution in education that was hoped for when the field first began. This article explores some of the reasons why computers have not yet fulfilled their considerable educational promise, and why research has so little to do with what goes on in schools. The article goes on to identify some of the things that research has taught us about information technology in education, and to explore some possible solutions to our considerable problems.
Errors in the treatment of tuberculosis in Baltimore

Background Incomplete or incorrect antibiotic therapy, especially in the initial phase of antituberculosis (anti-TB) treatment, is a major cause of acquired drug resistance and treatment failure. We determined the extent of errors in anti-TB treatment regimens by way of nonadherence to recommended treatment protocols among patients with TB in Baltimore, MD, a city with declining rates of disease. An error was defined as using too few drugs or the wrong drugs, giving inadequate doses of drugs, or prescribing an inadequate duration of treatment. Methods We reviewed the records of all patients with culture-positive, pulmonary TB reported in the city of Baltimore from January 1, 1994, to December 31, 1995. We determined demographic information, initial anti-TB regimen, doses and duration of therapy, history or presence of resistance to anti-TB drugs, injecting-drug or alcohol abuse, HIV status, and whether treatment was given by a private physician or by the Tuberculosis Clinic of the Baltimore City Health Department (BCHD). Results Of the 110 cases of active pulmonary TB, 17 cases (15.4%) had errors in treatment for control of their current disease. Thirteen of 34 privately treated patients (38%) had some error in their initial anti-TB regimen, compared with 4 of 76 patients (5.2%) treated by the Tuberculosis Clinic of the BCHD (p Conclusion In a low-prevalence area, private physicians make frequent errors in prescribing anti-TB therapy. Additional educational resources for physicians and increased use of expert consultation may contribute to improved TB control.
Demonstration of mode transition in a scramjet combustor

Direct-connect combustor hardware has been assembled at the Avery Propulsion Research Laboratory (APRL) of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) to investigate a hydrogen-fueled scramjet combustor. The test hardware was designed to perform tests at simulated Mach 5 to Mach 8 flight conditions. This is done using a combustion heater with H2 fuel and makeup O2. The air, H2 and O2 flow rates are all supplied through computer-controlled digital valves. This system allows rapid changes in conditions and very steady flow rates can be maintained throughout the test. Recently, tests were performed in which the flow rates were systematically varied during the test to simulate an acceleration from M = 5.9 to 6.2. During this acceleration the fuel-air equivalence ratio was held constant and the combustor transitioned from a dual mode ramjet with a precombustion shock system creating subsonic flow at the injection plane, to a scramjet with no precombustion shock system. The results of these tests are presented along with descriptions of the hardware and control systems.
Ethnic consumer reaction to targeted marketing: A theory of intercultural accommodation

Abstract Marketers are increasingly recognizing the growing power of ethnic groups, and are responding with targeted marketing efforts. Targeted communications often draw on various references to the ethnic culture in an attempt to enhance communication with and gain the approval of the intended audience. However, research on how such accommodation efforts may be received is lacking. Drawing on a variety of disciplines, the authors develop a theory of intercultural accommodation to fill that gap. The proposed model views the consumer as having both affective and attributional responses to a targeted communication. The consequences of the response are proposed to influence the consumer's evaluation, comprehension, and recall of the message, and to influence behavioral intentions toward the communicator.
Metal(loid) diagenesis in mine-impacted sediments of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.

Mining activity along the South Fork of the Coeur d' Alene River in northern Idaho has resulted in fluvial mine tailings enriched in Pb, As, Ag, Sb, Hg, Cd, and Zn deposited on the lakebed of Lake Coeur d'Alene, thus serving as a potential benthic source of inorganic contaminants. Our objective was to characterize the dominant solid phase materials and diagenetic processes controlling metal(loid) solubilities, and thus their potential release to the overlying water column. Aqueous and solid concentrations of metal(loid) contaminants were examined along with distinct species of Fe and S within sediments and interstitial water. A gradient from oxic conditions at the sediment−water interface to anoxic conditions below 15 cm exists at all sites, resulting in a dynamic redox environment that controls the partitioning of contaminants. Fluvial deposition from frequent seasonal flood events bury ferric oxides residing at the sediment−water interface leading to reductive dissolution as they transition to the anoxi...
Atomic-resolution chemical analysis using a scanning transmission electron microscope

THE high angle elastic scattering of electrons in scanning transmission electron microscopy depends strongly on the atomic number Z, of the sample atoms, through the Z2 dependence of the Rutherford scattering cross-section1. The detection of scattered electrons at high angles and over a large angular range (75& ndash;150 milliradians) removes the coherent effects of diffraction, and the resulting incoherent image provides a compositional map of the sample with high atomic-number contrast1. If a fine electron probe is used, and the sample is a crystalline material oriented along one of its principal axes, individual columns of atoms can be imaged in this way2. Electrons scattered at low angles are not used in this detection scheme, and are thus available for simultaneous electron energy-loss spectroscopy3; in principle, this combination of techniques should allow the direct chemical analysis of single atomic columns in crystalline materials. Here we present electron energy-loss spectra from expitaxial interfaces between cobalt silicide and silicon, which confirm that atomic resolution can be achieved by this approach. The ability to correlate structure and chemistry with atomic resolution holds great promise for the detailed study of defects and interfaces.
Correlation Between Contact Start/Stop and Constant Speed Drag Testing in Magnetic Head-Disk Tribology

A model to establish the correlation between wear in constant speed drag testing and contact start/stop testing is developed. The model is based on the Archard wear equation and uses the quasi-steady Kita-Kogure-Mitsuya model for the transition of a slider from sliding to flying to calculate the velocity dependent contact force between the slider and disk during start/stop. Experimental results for the wear of a circonia overcoated disk are obtained for both start/stop and constant speed drag testing as a function of the number of repeated cycles using optical profilometry. The correlation between predictions and experimental data shows good agreement for up to at least 10, 000 cycles of sliding
THE WYOMING SURVEY FOR Hα. I. INITIAL RESULTS AT z ∼ 0.16 AND 0.24

The Wyoming Survey for Hα, or WySH, is a large-area, ground-based, narrowband imaging survey for Hα-emitting galaxies over the latter half of the age of the universe. The survey spans several square degrees in a set of fields of low Galactic cirrus emission. The observing program focuses on multiple Δz ~ 0.02 epochs from z ~ 0.16 to z ~ 0.81 down to a uniform (continuum+line) luminosity at each epoch of ~1033 W uncorrected for extinction (3σ for a 3'' diameter aperture). First results are presented here for 98+208 galaxies observed over approximately 2 deg2 at redshifts z ~ 0.16 and 0.24, including preliminary luminosity functions at these two epochs. These data clearly show an evolution with lookback time in the volume-averaged cosmic star-formation rate. Integrals of Schechter fits to the extinction-corrected Hα luminosity functions indicate star-formation rates per co-moving volume of 0.009 and 0.014 h 70 M ☉ yr–1 Mpc–3 at z ~ 0.16 and 0.24, respectively. The formal uncertainties in the Schechter fits, based on this initial subset of the survey, correspond to uncertainties in the cosmic star formation rate density at the 40% level; the tentative uncertainty due to cosmic variance is 25%, estimated from separately carrying out the analysis on data from the first two fields with substantial datasets.
The role of interest and inflation rates in present worth analysis for eleven industrialized countries of the free world

Abstract The role of forecasting interest and inflation rates in present worth analysis is discussed and a method proposed in which these rates are combined into a single parameter. We analyzed historical data between 1970 and 1978 for various countries to show that this parameter is stable; thereby allowing past data to be used as a forecast for future values and eliminating the need to estimate future inflation and interest rates in present worth analysis. Also, using this simple parameter we show that inflation and interest rates tend effectively to cancel each other in present worth analysis, thereby greatly simplifying present worth calculations.
Acute interactive pharmacologic effects of inhaled toluene and dichloromethane on rat brain electrophysiology.

Abstract Toluene (TOL) and dichloromethane (DCM) are widely used industrial solvents and are common components of solvent mixtures that are voluntarily inhaled to produce altered states of consciousness. In previous studies we characterized some of the acute electrophysiologic effects of these solvents. Opposite effects were noted for some measures, suggesting that they might be antagonistic when combined. In this study we examined the solvents again singly (10,700 and 16,000 ppm) and also in combination (16,000 ppm: 33/67 and 67/33% TOL/DCM ratios). The single gases caused effects similar to those observed previously. Combined effects varied, dependent upon the particular variable examined and the major gas in the mixture. In some respects the solvents were concordant, exerting similar effects on a variable, e.g., both solvents prolonged the latencies of components of the brainstem auditory-evoked response. In other respects they were discordant, e.g., whereas toluene caused mean EEG frequency to increase, dichloromethane had the opposite effect. Sometimes the solvents had similar effects alone, but acted independently in combination. Nonindependent interactions were also observed—both additive/subtractive or positively or negatively synergistic. The results further demonstrate and emphasize the unique patterns of acute central nervous system effects that can be effected by solvents that might have a common behavioral endpoint such as anesthesia, and the results characterize a variety of electrophysiologic interactions between these two solvents. Although there were several variables exhibiting synergistic relationships, independent or additive interactions were the most common.
Security guards: issues and approaches

The issue of security, which is considered to be the final hurdle to be overcome in achieving interoperability of US Army computer systems, is discussed. In particular, the problem of transferring data across security boundaries is examined. The primary concern is to defend against unauthorized disclosure of high-side (e.g. top secret) data to low-side (e.g. secret) users. This might be caused by high-side errors, by malicious high-side software, or by active penetration from the low side. Other concerns include defending against modification or destruction of high-side data as well as denial of service to high-side users. Typical current solutions are described. The use of a security guard (also known as a security filter), i.e. a device or set of controls that mediates data transfers across security boundaries, to prevent leakage and penetration is examined. Lessons from past failures with guards and experience with an operational guard are discussed. Although military applications are addressed, the security issues raised are also thought to apply in the commercial sector. >
Effects of simultaneous and sequential exposure to granulocytic and monocytic inducers on the choice of differentiation pathway in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells.

Abstract HL-60 promyelocytic leukemic cells were induced to differentiate by the combination of two alternative inducers: phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and either dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or retinoic acid (RA). Simultaneous exposure to optimal concentrations of PMA and either DMSO or RA potentiated PMA-induced differentiation into monocyte-macrophages. Granulocytic inducers combined with lower concentration of PMA competed with the latter for the differentiation pathway, producing monocyte-macrophages, granulocytes, paramyeloid and giant multinucleated cells. Lineage specificity of cells treated sequentially with two discrete exposures to alternative inducers depended on the order of exposure. The first exposure initiated differentiation into the pathway specific for the inducer used. The second exposure determined lineage specificity and stimulated terminal differentiation. Thus, treatment with RA for 24–72 h followed by PMA resulted in monocyte-macrophage differentiation; reversed order of exposure resulted in granulocytic differentiation. The switch in the differentiation pathway occurred at the relatively advanced stages of differentiation.
Black identity constructions: Inserting intersectionality, bisexuality, and (afro-) latinidad into black studies

Revisiting W.E.B. Du Bois’ theories about the problems facing Black people and utilizing modern and postmodern conceptions of identity politics, this article explores how Blackness has been articulated by several social scientists, cultural critics, and other writers. This article argues that inserting observations about intersectionality, bisexuality, and Latinidad into conceptions of Black identity may lead to more integrated analyses of Blackness.
New species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from the Planalto of Brazil

Two new species,Justicia clivalis andJ. irwinii, are described, illustrated, and compared with their closest relatives.
Estrogen Replacement Treatment in Diabetic Ovariectomized Female Rats Potentiates Postischemic Leukocyte Adhesion in Cerebral Venules

Background and Purpose— Chronic 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement therapy in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats reduces leukocyte adhesion and brain damage after transient forebrain ischemia. Recently, we found that E2 treatment in diabetic OVX females was associated with enhanced postischemic neuropathology. We tested the hypothesis that in chronically hyperglycemic diabetic OVX females, chronic E2 replacement potentiates post-transient forebrain ischemia leukocyte adhesion. Methods— Pial venules were observed through closed cranial windows. Adherence of rhodamine 6G–tagged leukocytes was monitored before and 10 hours after transient forebrain ischemia (20 minutes right common carotid artery occlusion plus hemorrhagic hypotension) in intact, untreated OVX and E2-treated OVX females rendered diabetic via streptozotocin. Leukocyte adhesion was quantitated as the percentage venular area occupied by adherent leukocytes. Results— At 2 hours after transient forebrain ischemia, a similar low level of leukocyte adhes...
A third explanation for female infanticide.

Two directly opposed explanations for the distribution of female infanticide across cultures have recently appeared. Divale and Harris propose to explain this practice as part of a system which reduces population growth. Dickemann says that the practice serves to increase reproductive success. I criticize each of these explanations and propose a third which depends on the technoecological and economic constraints given precedence by Harris and Divale, combined with the insights of sexual selection which are central to Dickemann's account.
Relationship between topological and magnetic order in small metal clusters.

The equilibrium geometries and ionization potentials have been calculated self-consistently for lithium clusters consisting of up to five atoms. The exchange interaction is treated exactly while the correlation effects are included perturbatively. The correlation contribution is found to have important influence on the magnetism of the cluster and its relationship with the topology.
forcing the Third Dimension

One goal of biomedical research is to reliably construct surrogate tissues for replacement therapy and to promote tissue regeneration. In this issue of Cell, Chun et al. (2006) provide insight into the molecular basis of tissue-specific differentiation. The authors show that remodeling of the extracellular matrix by the matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP contributes to the three-dimensional development of white adipose tissue in mice.
Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase C zeta mediate retinoic acid induction of DARPP-32 in medium size spiny neurons in vitro.

Mature striatal medium size spiny neurons express the dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein, 32 kDa (DARPP-32), but little is known about the mechanisms regulating its levels, or the specification of fully differentiated neuronal subtypes. Cell extrinsic molecules that increase DARPP-32 mRNA and/or protein levels include retinoic acid (RA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and estrogen (E2). We now demonstrate that RA regulates DARPP-32 mRNA and protein in primary striatal neuronal cultures. Furthermore, DARPP-32 induction by RA in vitro requires phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), but is independent of tropomyosin-related kinase b (TrkB), cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5), and protein kinase B (Akt). Using pharmacologic inhibitors of various isoforms of protein kinase C, we also demonstrate that DARPP-32 induction by RA in vitro is dependent on protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ). Thus, the signal transduction pathways mediated by RA are very different than those mediating DARPP-32 induction by brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). These data support the presence of multiple signal transduction pathways mediating expression of DARPP-32 in vitro, including a novel, important pathway via which PI3K regulates the contribution of PKCζ.
Does it matter that the prosecutor is also the judge? The administrative complaint process at the federal trade commission

Firms seeking to merge face antitrust scrutiny from either the Department of Justice (DOJ) or the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Unlike the DOJ, the FTC litigates its cases in front of its own administrative law judges (ALJs), and then hears the appeal itself, rather than using federal district courts. This study focuses on the formal decisions made by the FTC after an ALJ has conducted a full trial for a particular case. We find that while the 'merits' of a matter, as implied by the case law, affect the FTC's decision, institutional factors also have an impact. In particular, the firm's chances of prevailing in litigation are influenced by the number of commissioners who both vote to prosecute and then vote as a judge as well as the political affiliations of the commissioners. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approximate calculation and measurement of the pressure distribution in radial flow of molten polymers between parallel discs

The known generalized Newtonian fluid “power law” solution of the radial flow between parallel discus has been used to estimate the normal stress, the magnitude of inertia, and the temperature changes due to viscous dissipation. The flow near the wall has been found to be “nearly steady shear flow;” thus the three viscometric functions can be expected to describe the stress at the wall. Further away from the walls, however, the flow is very different from “steady shear flow.” The temperature field in the radial flow section depends on the dimensionless parameters Nahme number, Graetz number, and ratio of inner to outer radius, as well as on the thermal initial and boundary conditions. Experimentally the radial pressure profiles for flow of three different polyethylenes and of one polystyrene have been studied. The measured pressure profiles are about 20 percent lower than the calculated ones from the “power law” solution. This discrepancy cannot yet be explained; the effects of normal stresses, of inertia, or of viscous heating in these experiments are too small to give a measurable effect.
Improved survival of patients with intracranial ependymomas by irradiation: Dose selection and field extension

Intracranial ependymomas, treated with postoperative irradiation, have a 50% 5-year survival. Although this rate is good, the issue remains whether the quantity and qualityof survival can be improved by the proper selection of treatment factors, i.e. field size and dose-time relationship. Factors influencing survival and the effect of doseand field selection are considered in 28 intracranial ependymomas. Nineteen spinal primaries are also presented for comparison. Only 10% of the patients treated with dosesbelow 1350 rets are alive, vs. 56% of the patients treated with higher doses. Only21% of the patients treated with partial brain irradiation survived, vs. 57% of those treated with whole brain irradiation. Although an apparent 5-year survival difference was found for the low-grade (63%) vs. high grade (13%) tumors, high-dose whole brain irradiation had a significant effect only on the survival of thehigh-grade tumors. Local recurrences accounted for the majority of theraputic failures. Ten consecutive patients were treated with elctive craniospinal irradiation and exhibited a 3-year survival of 70%, vs. 35% in those treated conventionally to the brain only. Elective craniospinal irradiation, advocated for the high-grade, particularly infratentorial, ependymomas, has currently yieldedhigher survival, lower recurrences, good tolerance, no complications, and excellent quality of survival. Further documentation of this treatment approach is suggested.
Alpha-decaying low-spin levels in155Lu and157Lu

Using an on-line mass separator, the α-particle decays of155Lu and157Lu were investigated. A new α-emitting level in157Lu was identified [T1/2=5.7(5) s,Eβ=4924(20) keV]. In addition, a half-life of 140(20) ms was measured for the recently discovered second, low-lying, α-decaying level [Eβ=5579 (5)keV] in155Lu.
An analytic approach to the solution of non-linear equations

Abstract Isolating the zeros of a scalar function analytic on a disk by means of exploring function structure was shown to be very efficient (Klip, 1985). This will be exemplified in this paper on the hand of data obtained with certain test polynomials. It was shown by Klip (1987) that the structure of the zero curves for the polynomial leads to a new formulation of the location of the critical points. It will be proven that the number of critical points in a branch region of order m equals m − 1. Completeness of the tracing is an important issue. We give an account of the design of the completeness algorithm and discuss the role of a small listprocessing system in registering temporarily stored data as well as modifications of the pathways.
A quantitative analysis of synaptogenesis in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in the rhesus monkey

Quantitative electron microscopy was used to study synapse formation in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in rhesus monkeys ranging in age from embryonic day 62 to adult. Four to eight radial probes, consisting of a series of overlapping electronmicrographs and extending across the full thickness of the molecular layer were made in each specimen. Synaptic density (normalized to volume of neuropil) increased significantly during the last half of gestation, reaching adult levels at the time of birth. However, new synapses were added during infancy, resulting in an apparent peak in density at between 4 and 5 months of age. This increase was followed by a decline in the synaptic density over the next 5 months, to levels comparable to that of the newborn. In addition to synaptic density, synapse type (symmetric, asymmetric), location (on dendritic shafts or spines), and laminar distribution in the developing molecular layer was determined. The decrease in synaptic density is unlikely to be due to 'dilution' caused by an increase in molecular layer volume since no increase in the volume of the dentate gyrus could be detected during this period. Our calculations suggest that a selective overproduction of asymmetrical, axo-spinous synapses occurs during infancy. Finally, synaptic density was significantly greater in the middle third of the molecular layer suggesting that synaptic exuberance may be related to entorhinal input.
Hydrops fetalis in an interstitial deletion of chromosome 10.

We report the case of a premature neonate with ascites and dysmorphic facial features at birth. The chromosomal analysis showed an interstitial deletion of chromosome 10, that is, 46, XX, del(10)(q22.3q24.1). This is the first known case of a patient with interstitial deletion of chromosome 10 with symptoms of ascites and hydrops.
The backscattering coefficient and its components in the Great Lakes: A review and synthesis

Abstract Backscattering of light by particulates, as quantified by the particulate backscattering coefficient, b bp (m –1 ), is important in regulating the optical signal available for remote sensing. A synthesis of the available information on b bp for the Laurentian Great Lakes is presented to support mechanistic approaches for remote sensing. This includes (1) direct measurements of b bp , (2) characterization of the backscattering attributes of minerogenic particles, (3) partitioning of b bp into contributing minerogenic ( b b,m ) and organic ( b b,o ) components, and (4) development of appropriate cross-sections (mass-specific coefficients) for retrieval of concentrations of backscattering constituents by remote sensing. Levels of b bp were particularly high in the western basin of Lake Erie and Green Bay, Lake Michigan, intermediate levels prevailed in parts of Lake Ontario during a whiting event, and values were substantially lower in the open waters of the upper Great Lakes. Minerogenic backscattering ( b b,m ) is an important component of b bp throughout the system. Clay mineral particles dominate this component, except during whiting events when calcite is dominant. Mie-theory calculations supported estimates of b b,m , and together with particle morphological considerations, guided the development of the optical cross-section for minerogenic particles. The collected data and associated analyses are appropriate to support initiatives to develop and preliminarily test mechanistic remote sensing approaches for the Great Lakes.
The isolated inferior glenohumeral labrum injury, anterior to posterior (the ILAP): A case series.

Introduction: We describe the presentation, exam findings, surgical repair techniques, and short-term outcomes in a series of patients with isolated inferior labral tears. Materials and Methods : A retrospective chart review was performed at a large academic medical center. Isolated inferior labral tears were defined as between the 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock position of the glenoid as determined by direct arthroscopic visualization. Tears that were smaller were also included but were required to cross the 6 o'clock point, having anterior and posterior components. Patients were excluded if they had any other pathology or treatment of the shoulder. 1-year follow-up was required. Results: Of the 17 patients who met inclusion criteria for review, 12 were available for a minimum 1-year follow-up. Average total follow-up for patients to complete the phone interview/Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS) was an average of 37.7 months (range: 16-79 months). Postoperatively, all reported symptom improvement or resolution since surgery. The mean preoperative pain on a scale of 0-10 was 6.3 (range: 0-10). Mean postoperative pain on a scale of 0-10 was 2.25 (range: 0-5). Eleven of 12 patients (91.7%) had returned to the level of activity desired. The mean OSIS was 41.4 (median: 43; range: 27-47). Eleven of 12 patients (91.7%) had good or excellent scores. Ten of 12 patients (83.3%) had a feeling of stability in the shoulder. All 12 patients reached were satisfied with the procedure and would undergo surgery again in a similar situation. Conclusions: We have presented our series of patients with isolated inferior labral injury, and have shown that when surgically treated, outcomes of this uncommon injury are good to excellent and a full return to sports can be expected.
Youth suicide prevention.

Abstract Youth suicide, the third leading cause of death among teenagers and young adults, accounts for more deaths in the United States than all natural causes combined among 15- to 24-year-olds according to the National Center for Health Statistics (2000a). The public health significance of the problem of youth suicide becomes even more apparent when the high rates of nonlethal suicidal behavior are taken into account. This paper reviews the extensive research literature on youth suicide that has emerged during the past two decades. While great advances in knowledge have led to increased understanding of the risk factors for child and adolescent suicides, the application of this knowledge for designing prevention strategies remains inchoate.
Correlation of portable wear metal analyzer (PWMA-2) and Baird A/E35U-3 oil analysis data

Abstract Correlation of the Perkin-Elmer Corporation portable wear metal analyzer, version two (PWMA-2) and the Baird Corporation A/E35U-3 spectrometric oil analysis data is accomplished by curve fitting of data from aircraft, bearing test rigs, and organometallic oil samples analyzed on both instruments. Each of nine wear metal elements (iron, silver, aluminum, chromium, copper, magnesium, nickel, silicon and titanium) was separately fitted to linear, logarithmic, power law and low order polynomial curves. Power law curve fits were best for most of the elements, especially in the important low concentration (0–5 ppm) range, where U.S. Air Force gas turbine aircraft engines typically operate. The power law curve was applied to all the elements to construct correlation algorithms, with a general uncertainty in correlation values of about 0.5–1 ppm or 10%, whichever was the greater. The coefficients of determination for the power law curve fits ranged from 0.935 for aluminum to 0.993 for iron. The fit for silicon was poor for any type of curve (the best coefficient of determination was 0.564 for the power law curve fit) and therefore correlation of silicon values is not recommended.
X-ray photoemission spectroscopy study of hexavalent uranium compounds

The electronic structure of the outer occupied levels of a series of hexavalent uranium (predominately uranyl) compounds was studied using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The changes in the spectral features of the outer occupied levels with the variation of the uranium-oxygen bond lengths (1.7-- 2.1 A) are systematically investigated. Previously unexplained spectral structure has been found to result from ligand-field splitting of the occupied U $sup 6$p$sub 3$/$sub 2$ levels. The XPS results are compared with predictions of a relativistic molecular-cluster calculation and with the results of a simple point-charge crystal-field model. When the crystalline electric fields generated by both the primary and secondary ligands are taken into consideration, excellent quantitative agreement is obtained between the XPS data and the molecular-cluster results with no parameter adjustment. (AIP)
Modeling of secondary radiation damage in LIGA PMMA resist exposure

Secondary radiation during LIGA PMMA resist exposure adversely affects feature definition, sidewall taper and overall sidewall offset. Additionally, it can degrade the resist adjacent to the substrate, leading to the loss of free-standing features through undercutting during resist development or through mechanical failure of the degraded material. The source of this radiation includes photoelectrons, Auger electrons, fluorescence photons, etc. Sandia’s Integrated Tiger Series (ITS), a coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo transport code, was used to compute dose profiles within 1 to 2 microns of the absorber edge and near the interface of the resist with a metallized substrate. The difficulty of sub-micron resolution requirement was overcome by solving a few local problems having carefully designed micron-scale geometries. The results indicate a 2-μm dose transition region near the absorber edge resulting from PMMA’s photoelectrons. This region leads to sidewall offset and to tapered sidewalls following resist development. The results also show a dose boundary layer of around 1 μm near the substrate interface due to electrons emitted from the substrate metallization layer. The maximum dose at the resist bottom under the absorber can be very high and can lead to feature loss during development. This model was also used to investigate those resist doses resulting from multi-layer substrate.
Evaluation of Client Services (ECS): A Measure of Treatment Satisfaction for People with Chronic Mental Illnesses

This article describes the development and psychometric assessment of the Evaluation of Client Services (ECS) measure of treatment satisfaction for people with chronic mental illnesses in community treatment settings. The ECS, a 20-item instrument, was validated in a sample of 184 individuals receiving outpatient mental health treatment in New York City. The four dimensions of the ECS, (1) treatment management and treatment outcome, (2) treatment relationship, (3) communication and information exchange, and (4) reachability of treatment facilities are internally consistent and stable over time. Analyses also show that the ECS is a valid indicator of satisfaction with mental health services which meaningfully correlates with quality of life and another measure of treatment satisfaction. The ECS is a brief and easy to understand treatment satisfaction tool with good psychometric properties.
Spatial retail markets

In retail markets, the nature of spatial cost differs markedly from specifications given in traditional spatial models. At the retail level, transportation is provided by the household and incurred on a per shopping trip basis. In traditional models, the source of transportation is ignored and the cost specified to accrue on a per unit basis. Additionally, in a retail market, spatial cost may be obviated altogether by virtue of a commute. When these characteristics are taken into account, the spatial retail model is inherently more competitive in structure and performance than the traditional spatial model.
Unicameral bone cysts. Natural history and the risk of fracture

Unicameral bone cysts in 57 patients, seen at the Alfred I. duPont Institute between 1949 and 1982, were studied retrospectively. We present the natural history in several patients and report a "cyst index" which allows the progress of the cyst to be followed and makes it possible to determine whether there is a significant risk of fracture which would warrant treatment. We have found that measuring the cyst index in patients treated by injections of methylprednisolone acetate helps to assess the response to treatment.
Delay in hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis by aspirin and indomethacin

Abstract Aspirin and indomethacin, administered systemically by oral route, were found to delay the development of hamster buccal pouch epidermoid carcinomas induced by thrice weekly topical applications of a 0.5 percent solution of 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) in mineral oil. Forty male and female Syrian hamsters (Mesoricetus auratus) were divided into four equal groups. In Group 1 animals the left buccal pouch was painted thrice weekly with DMBA. Group 2 animals were painted thrice weekly with DMBA and received 12 mg. aspirin daily by oral route. Group 3 animals were painted thrice weekly with DMBA and received 1 mg. indomethacin daily by oral route. Group 4 animals were maintained as untreated controls. Two animals in each of the four groups were killed with ether at 8, 10, 12, 13, and 14 weeks after the start of the experiment. At the time of sacrifice the buccal pouches were photographed and the average number of tumors and the average size of tumors in each group were noted. The left and right buccal pouches were dissected, fixed in 10 percent formalin, sectioned in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Autopsies were also performed on each animal. Both left and right buccal pouches and major organs were studied histologically. Both aspirin and indomethacin in the dosages used were found to delay DMBA buccal pouch carcinogenesis. A suggested mechanism of action is the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by the role of both aspirin and indomethacin as inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase. Indomethacin appeared to exert a greater tumor-inhibiting effect than aspirin in the dosages used.
Transient Testing to Determine Heat Transfer Coefficient and Wall Thickness of Turbine Blades

The integrity of interior passages of cast components, such as turbine blades, is critical to the functionality of these components. Testing methods, which provide a timely judgment of the passages, is essential to the cost effective production of these parts. The goals of this project is to estimate the local internal heat transfer coefficients and wall thickness using inverse heat transfer techniques from the transient response exhibited by the exterior wall temperature to a sudden change in the air flow temperature within the passages. The desired result is a computationally efficient test that can both shorten and improve the inspection of cast turbine blades. The work described here is an initial effort examining feasibility. A first order, one dimensional heat transfer model is assumed through a thin wall. Simulated experimental data is generated from the forward heat transfer problem for a wall with initial temperatures equal to ambient room temperature with one side of the wall suddenly exposed to high temperature forced convection while the other is left exposed to ambient natural convection. Random Gaussian noise is superimposed on the simulated data. The Levenberg-Marquardt technique is examined to determine heat transfer coefficients, wall thickness, and its accuracy.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Half-cone SPECT system for small animal imaging

Molecular imaging studies using small animals such as mice require the development of high-sensitivity, high-resolution pinhole SPECT imaging systems. It is well known that the photon detection efficiency drops remarkably as the pinhole angle increases, and spatial resolution decreases as the magnification factor decreases. To obtain high efficiency and high resolution, the pinhole should be put as close as possible to the object while the pinhole angle remains as small as possible. To address these conflicting requirements, we proposed a half-cone imaging geometry in which the detector looks at only half of the FOV in each view, while the FOV being reconstructed remain the same. Our preliminary results demonstrated that SPECT system using this geometry could achieve higher sensitivity and better spatial resolution.
Mathematical modeling and simulation of aquatic and aerial animal locomotion

In this paper, we investigate the locomotion of fish and birds by applying a new unsteady, flexible wing theory that takes into account the strong nonlinear dynamics semi-analytically. We also make extensive comparative study between the new approach and the modified vortex blob method inspired from Chorin's and Krasny's work. We first implement the modified vortex blob method for two examples and then discuss the numerical implementation of the nonlinear analytical mathematical model of Wu. We will demonstrate that Wu's method can capture the nonlinear effects very well by applying it to some specific cases and by comparing with the experiments available. In particular, we apply Wu's method to analyze Wagner's result for a wing abruptly undergoing an increase in incidence angle. Moreover, we study the vorticity generated by a wing in heaving, pitching and bending motion. In both cases, we show that the new method can accurately represent the vortex structure behind a flying wing and its influence on the bound vortex sheet on the wing.
CALCULATING PROBABILITY TABLES FOR THE UNRESOLVED-RESONANCE REGION USING MONTE CARLO METHODS

A new module, Probability tables for the Unresolved Region using Monte Carlo (PURM), has been developed for the AMPX-2000 cross-section–processing system. PURM uses a Monte Carlo approach to calcul...
The Control of Voluntary Eye Movements: New Perspectives:

Primates use two types of voluntary eye movements to track objects of interest: pursuit and saccades. Traditionally, these two eye movements have been viewed as distinct systems that are driven automatically by low-level visual inputs. However, two sets of findings argue for a new perspective on the control of voluntary eye movements. First, recent experiments have shown that pursuit and saccades are not controlled by entirely different neural pathways but are controlled by similar networks of cortical and subcortical regions and, in some cases, by the same neurons. Second, pursuit and saccades are not automatic responses to retinal inputs but are regulated by a process of target selection that involves a basic form of decision making. The selection process itself is guided by a variety of complex processes, including attention, perception, memory, and expectation. Together, these findings indicate that pursuit and saccades share a similar functional architecture. These points of similarity may hold the key for understanding how neural circuits negotiate the links between the many higher order functions that can influence behavior and the singular and coordinated motor actions that follow.
Quantum Effects in the Interference of Light

Interference effects produced by two sources of light are discussed within the framework of the quantum electrodynamic interpretation. Interference should disappear when all the source atoms are in the fully excited state, and this prediction may distinguish between quantum mechanics and various guided wave theories. The introduction of a light amplifier into an interferometer arm cannot unambiguously determine the path of the photon, because of spontaneous emission effects. Quantum mechanics, like classical wave optics, therefore predicts only a reduction of visibility in such interference experiments. In the special case of an interference experiment in which the two light sources consist of two single atoms, two photons cannot be found simultaneously at two positions that are separated by an odd number of half interference fringes. This quantum mechanical prediction amounts to another kind of EPR paradox, and should lend itself to another experimental test of the theory.
A Potential Natural Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence From a National Study

Objectives. We examined the impact of relatively “green” or natural settings on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms across diverse subpopulations of children. Methods. Parents nationwide rated the aftereffects of 49 common after-school and weekend activities on children’s symptoms. Aftereffects were compared for activities conducted in green outdoor settings versus those conducted in both built outdoor and indoor settings. Results. In this national, nonprobability sample, green outdoor activities reduced symptoms significantly more than did activities conducted in other settings, even when activities were matched across settings. Findings were consistent across age, gender, and income groups; community types; geographic regions; and diagnoses. Conclusions. Green outdoor settings appear to reduce ADHD symptoms in children across a wide range of individual, residential, and case characteristics. (Am J Public Health. 2004;94:1580‐1586)