cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Faculty and Peer Support during Pediatric Residency: Association with Performance Outcomes, Race and Gender

Abstract Purpose To examine the association of resident perception of colleague and faculty support with performance, as measured by milestones-based competency scores, exploring associations between race and gender and perception of support and milestone scoring. Methods Resident satisfaction was measured using an annual survey of residents at 49 pediatric residency programs in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Satisfaction with colleague and faculty support was measured using Likert scale survey questions. Pediatric Milestone Competency scores were obtained from the Association of Pediatric Program Directors’ Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network. Analysis included linear fixed effects models to examine the relationship between support satisfaction, race, gender and spring milestone scores. Results Over 60% of eligible residents responded to the survey. The majority of residents were satisfied with colleague and faculty support, with those identifying as Asian or Under Represented in Medicine reporting lower rates of satisfaction than White peers. Residents satisfied with colleague support had higher milestone scores compared to those with a neutral degree of satisfaction. Residents reported dissatisfaction with colleague and faculty support had lower milestone scores in most competency domains. Residents identifying as Under Represented in Medicine had lower milestone scores than White residents, which was partially mediated by lower rates of support satisfaction. Conclusions Resident satisfaction with colleague and faculty support correlates with milestone performance. In particular, dissatisfied residents have lower scores than those who are neutral or satisfied. Racial inequities in resident milestone scores may be partially driven by lower rates of support satisfaction among underrepresented residents.
Systemic development approach for optimizing piston ring design to reduce particulate raw emissions

Due to growing attention on the effects of air-pollutant emissions on human health and the environment, there is now enormous focus on the influence of energy conversion processes. Different types of emissions are released into the environment during the combustion of fossil fuels and oils. Particulate emissions contribute to a significant extent to total emissions, resulting in negative effects on both the environment and human health [1].
The consequence of COVID-19: How the United States moved from security provider to security consumer

Deliberations over the COVID-19 pandemic's long-term effects on the global balance of power have spurred a large and rancorous debate, including speculation about a shift in the definition of national security and prescriptions about where it should focus That argument will no doubt continue But we argue that one consequence is already evident: the United States has spent the last seventy years portraying itself as a security provider in all key domains-for many an intrinsic component of its status as a global leader One reasonable broad conclusion from the US struggle with COVID-19 is that it has further forfeited its broad leadership position on the basis of its behaviour Yet that, although possibly true, would only portray one element of the story The more profound insight exposed by COVID-19 is of a new reality: in a world where both naturogenic and anthropogenic threats pose immense national security challenges, decades of mistaken assumptions and policy choices have created a new environment, one where the United States has been redefined as a security consumer, at least in terms of international public health issues associated with the spread of deadly infectious diseases © The Author(s) 2020
Free Agency for the Front Office: How Data Analytics and Non-Compete Agreements Threaten to Disrupt Competitive Balance in U.S. Professional Sports Leagues

U.S. professional sports teams are increasingly relying on sophisticated forms of data analysis to identify potential areas of competitive advantage over their league rivals. Indeed, emerging evidence suggests that the most sophisticated teams in this area are using the insights that they derive from data analytics to establish durable and significant gains over their competition on the playing field. At the same time, sports franchises frequently utilize non-compete agreements to protect the resulting, proprietary information that their data analysis yields. Unfortunately, recent academic research suggests that this reliance on covenants not to compete can decrease the rate of knowledge diffusion within an industry, making it more difficult for teams to catch up to early adopters of data analytics. Thus, teams’ growing reliance on data analytics — and their use of non-compete agreements to protect it — could have significant, but heretofore unrecognized, ramifications for league efforts to maintain an adequate level of competitive balance amongst their franchises. This article explores this state of affairs, as well as the implications it presents for the governance of U.S. professional sports leagues.
Working With Small-scale Fishers in the Southwest Indian Ocean to Understand Illegal Take, Trade, and Use of Sea Turtles

Abstract Illegal take and trade of sea turtles is widespread throughout the southwest Indian ocean. The extent of take, trade and supply networks, and the transport routes and final destinations are largely undocumented. Many factors have hindered this, including challenging logistical access, language barriers, and cultural barriers. Added to this complexity is the inherent layer of poverty and corruption. This case study presents a brief overview of illegal take, use, and trade of sea turtles in Mozambique and Madagascar and then discusses some of the unexpected scenarios that occur surveying in the field for illegal take and trade. I reflect on my experience working in remote communities in Mozambique and Madagascar to describe some of the issues (both textbook and beyond the textbook) that I've faced working in the region.
John Wesley, Compassionate Entrepreneur: A Wesleyan View of Business and Entrepreneurship:

This article intends to identify and construct a Wesleyan perspective of business and entrepreneurship, drawing on how Wesley viewed and used business and entrepreneurship in relation to poverty in...
Designing SMC Boost Converter for DVR Using VSI to Mitigate Voltage Disturbances And Harmonics

In this paper a new topology for dynamic voltage restorer is designed at the load end to maintain voltage tolerance and mitigate total harmonic distortion (THD) which meets IEEE-519 and IEEE-1159 specifications. This proposed architecture consists of dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), including loadable batteries, switches, SMC boost converter and an injection transformer. The simulation results obtained using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the total harmonic distortion is significantly.
Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Function.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular disease risk factors that are related to several adverse health outcomes, including poor cognitive function. This review seeks to summarize and critically review select recent findings on the association between MetS and cognition. MetS was associated with lower domain-specific and global cognitive function in most cross-sectional studies, but findings from longitudinal studies are not consistent. The associations varied depending on age, sex, cognitive test, genetic susceptibility, and the duration of follow-up in prospective studies. MetS was associated with a higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and progression from MCI to dementia, particularly vascular dementia. Among MetS components, high blood pressure, high waist circumference, and hyperglycemia were the strongest predictors of cognitive function. MetS is associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment. Research is needed on how preventing or treating MetS affects cognition.
Leading the Way: Young Women's Activism for Social Change

"Leading the Way" is a collection of personal essays written by twenty-one young, hopeful American women who describe their work, activism, leadership, and efforts to change the world. It responds to critical portrayals of this generation of 'twenty-somethings' as being disengaged and apathetic about politics, social problems, and civic causes. Bringing together graduates of a women's leadership certificate program at Rutgers University's Institute for Women's Leadership, these essays provide a contrasting picture to assumptions about the current death of feminism, the rise of selfishness and individualism, and the disaffected Millennium Generation. Reflecting on a critical juncture in their lives - the years during college and the beginning of careers or graduate studies - the contributors' voices demonstrate the ways that diverse, young, educated women in the United States are embodying and formulating new models of leadership, at the same time as they are finding their own professional paths, ways of being, and places in the world. They reflect on controversial issues such as gay marriage, gender, racial profiling, war, immigration, poverty, urban education, and health care reform in a post-9/11 era. "Leading the Way" introduces readers to young women who are being prepared and empowered to assume leadership roles with men in all public arenas, and to accept equal responsibility for making positive social change in the twenty-first century. Contributors to this volume are Leading the Way...Going Back Home: Teaching Literature and Poetry to Latino and African American High School Students; Soldier in a Long, White Dress: Notes from the Battle for Same-Sex Marriage; Living While Muslim: Human Rights Advocacy in the Post-9/11 Era; The Transformation of a Chrysalis: Becoming a Global Citizen; Choosing Nursing: A Feminist Odyssey* Navigating Identity Politics in Activism: Leading Outside of One's Community...and more!
Importance of Reporting the Gleason Score at the Positive Surgical Margin Site: Analysis of 4,082 Consecutive Radical Prostatectomy Cases

Purpose: Since 2010 pathologists at our institution have routinely been documenting the Gleason score at the margin and length of the positive surgical margin after prostatectomy. In this study we evaluate how the Gleason score and positive surgical margin length correlate with the grade and adverse pathological characteristics of the final specimen, and whether the positive surgical margin Gleason score affects the risk of early biochemical recurrence.Materials and Methods: A total of 4,082 consecutive patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection between 2010 and 2014 for localized prostate cancer were included in the study, of whom 405 had a Gleason score of 7 or greater of the primary nodule and a positive surgical margin with the length and Gleason score recorded at the margin. Concordance rates between the Gleason score at the margin and the final pathological specimen were compared. Logistic regression models were used to predict the risk of unfavorable pathology. Cox p...
Methods for Estimating the Efficiency of Human and Computational Observers in Ultrasonography

Experimental methods for estimating detection efficiencies of human and computational observers viewing low-contrast targets in acoustic noise are described. Sonographic image simulations were generated with signal and noise properties specified exactly. These images were presented to observers in a two-alternative forced-choice experiment. Relative to the ideal observer, human observers were less than 50% efficient for detecting targets of various energies. The studies were limited to situations where target diameters were much larger than the correlation length of the noise. In such cases, the observer's inability to uncorrelate the noise did not significantly reduce target detectability. We also found that the performance of a computational observer was proportional to the average human performance, suggesting a possible role for computational observers in image evaluation.
Participatory Lawyering & The Ivory Tower: Conducting a Forensic Law Audit in the Aftermath of Virginia Tech

The tragic events at Virginia Tech in 2007 sent a cold wind blowing through the halls of higher education institutions: a Virginia Tech student, who had fallen through the cracks of the school's mental health services and disciplinary procedures, armed himself with firearms and murdered thirty-two students and a professor before committing suicide. In the wake of that massacre, several states and individual interest groups issued reports on campus readiness for similar catastrophes. A consistent theme throughout those reports emphasized the necessity for individual institutions to review their procedures to deal with campus violence. This Article focuses on that institutional review and the role of lawyers in assisting colleges and universities in formulating better and more comprehensive procedures for preventing campus violence in general, but with an emphasis on preventing similar catastrophes, or at worst, minimizing their devastation. The lawyer has the best opportunity to assist by participating in the process rather than either dictating its conduct or reviewing the product after the fact. Preventive lawyering and collaborating with the academy are the only successful means for adequately addressing comprehensive plans that manage the risks raised by the needs of the new consumer student and that create a campus culture that does not tolerate campus violence. Specifically, this Article summarizes how the lawyer's collaboration with the academy should neatly incorporate the academic ends of the institution with legal ends that could minimize both the harm and the costs of campus violence.
Competition Between Firms that Bundle Information Goods

Information goods are characterized by high fixed (first-copy) costs, but very low costs for the production of additional copies. Marginal costs of electronically-delivered information goods have been further reduced by the remarkable recent decline in computing and digital communication costs. Most previous research focuses on how a monopolist would perform (and the proper regulation to impose) in such an environment. Achieving dynamic efficiency is difficult because pricing at marginal cost (which is statically efficient) eliminates the incentive to invest in the creation of new content. Recently, the strategy of bundling numerous goods together has been explored in greater detail. Bundling may achieve static efficiency since individuals will face a zero cost on the margin for each item consumed. Yet, dynamic efficiency can be maintained because the producer is able to recover investment costs through bundle sales. This paper analyzes the profitability and welfare properties of bundling in a multi-firm setting. This allows us to explore how incumbents and entrants interact when each firm is selling numerous competing products. Our fundamental conclusion is that even adding only a single firm to this industry with substantial fixed costs and negligible marginal costs will result in much lower prices for consumers, much higher social welfare, and only a moderate reduction in firms' profits regardless of the pricing schemes employed. This outcome is somewhat surprising given that in a standard static two-good Bertrand model, a duopoly would lead to a price war which eliminates the incentive to invest in new content (or to enter the industry in the first place). Although the firms are producing a priori identical items, consumers know that their valuations for the particular items will vary ex post. Thus, no price reduction by one firm can completely eliminate the demand faced by other firms. Although there remains an incentive to invest in new product creation, this incentive is lower than a monopolist would have. As a result, in a dynamic version of this model, the welfare superiority of the duopoly becomes dampened (but not eliminated). Finally, when firms are allowed to sell items both as a bundle and individually, we find that most revenue will be obtained from bundle sales. These results indicate that bundling will persist in a multi-firm setting and suggest that only firms of substantial size will be able to survive in such a market.
A Class of Stratified Programs in Autoepistemic Logic of Knowledge and Belief

Przymusinski proposed [11] AELB, the autoepistemic logic of knowledge and belief. The AELB logic is a very powerful and expressive formal system which isomorphically contains various major non-monotonic knowledge representation formalisms and major logic program semantics. Thus AELB can be used as a unifying framework for non-monotonic knowledge representation formalisms, which allows us to compare and better understand different formalizations of common-sense knowledge.
The rise of unaccompanied alien children: Assessing the performance of a transition center with queuing theory

The recent crisis in the immigration system caused by the increasing influx of unaccompanied alien children (UAC) creates a serious humanitarian problem in the United States. After apprehension, UAC are prepared for shelter placement through a prescreen, which includes health and background checks. A transition center is a facility intended to fulfill these screening responsibilities. With over 100,000 UAC apprehensions expected in 2015, determining the size of these facilities is both a pressing challenge and a logistical necessity. We propose a queuing theory-based solution that yields performance measures as a function of the transition center size, the frequency of apprehensions, and the time that UAC stay in this facility. Finally, we support our model with several scenarios that illustrate the information that can be obtained from it.
Accounting Internships: A Student-Driven Approach

The battle for talent is fought over interns and not full-time hires according to the CPA Practice Management Forum (2005). Albrecht and Sacks (2000, 55) report that this internship learning experience needs to be carefully managed between the school and the firm. The purpose of this paper is to provide accounting educators with a model to effectively manage an internship program. Specifically this model will provide a unique “student driven” matching of students to employers in the internship process and an effective assessment for this process.
Critical elements of a co-op program

Cooperative education (co-op) allows an organization to hire students to work full-time for multiple academic terms. All three partners in this relationship (student, employer, institution) benefit from participation in a co-op program. Developing a multilayered approach for involvement at the institution demonstrates an organization's commitment to students, faculty and staff. Co-op is an opportunity for a company to strengthen recruiting efforts and maintain strong relationships with the institution. This paper discusses many factors to consider before launching a co-op program.
Potential for enhancing external beam radiotherapy for lung cancer using high-Z nanoparticles administered via inhalation.

Nanoparticle-aided radiation therapy is emerging as a promising modality to enhance radiotherapy via the radiosensitizing action of high atomic number (Z) nanoparticles. However, the delivery of sufficiently potent concentrations of such nanoparticles to the tumor remain a challenge. This study investigates the dose enhancement to lung tumors due to high-Z nanoparticles (NPs) administered via inhalation during external beam radiotherapy. Here NPs investigated include: cisplatin nanoparticles (CNPs), carboplatin nanoparticles (CBNPs), and gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Using Monte Carlo-generated megavoltage energy spectra, a previously employed analytic method was used to estimate dose enhancement to lung tumors due to radiation-induced photoelectrons from the NPs administered via inhalation route (IR) in comparison to intravenous (IV) administration. Previous studies have indicated about 5% of FDA-approved cisplatin concentrations reach the lung via IV. Meanwhile recent experimental studies indicate that 3.5-14.6 times higher concentrations of NPs can reach the lung by IR compared to IV. Taking these into account, the dose enhancement factor (DEF) defined as the ratio of the radiotherapy dose with and without nanoparticles was calculated for a range of NPs concentrations and tumor sizes. The DEF for IR was then compared with that for IV. For IR with 3.5 times higher concentrations than IV, and 2 cm diameter tumor, clinically significant DEF values of up to 1.19, 1.26, and 1.51 were obtained for CNPs, CBNPs and GNPs. In comparison values of 1.06, 1.08, and 1.15 were obtained via IV administration. For IR with 14.6 times higher concentrations, even higher DEF values were obtained e.g. 1.81 for CNPs. Results also showed that the DEF increased with increasing field size or decreasing tumor volume, as expected. The results of this work indicate that IR administration of targeted high-Z CNPs/CBNPs/GNPs could enable clinically significant DEF to lung tumors compared to IV administration during external beam radiotherapy. For FDA approved concentrations of CNPs or CBNPs considered, this could allow for additional dose enhancement to tumors via photoelectric mechanism during concomitant chemoradiotherapy.
Some memory characteristics of incompletely specified sequential machines

Input-memory ( μ i ) and output-memory ( μ o ) characteristics of Sequential Machines ( SM 's) have been widely studied. In this paper, we investigate input-memory and output-memory characteristics of Incompletely Specified Sequential Machines ( ISSM 's). We show that an exclusion principle stated for binary output SM 's cannot be extended to ISSM 's. In particular we show that for every positive integer n , there exists an n -state ISSM with 0 μ i μ o μ i , μ o of ISSM 's.
Neurokinin B gene expression is increased in the arcuate nucleus of ovariectomized rats

Hypertrophy and increased gene expression of tachykinin neurons occur in the infundibular (arcuate) nucleus of postmenopausal women. We have hypothesized that the alterations in tachykinin gene expres
Hydrogenation of methyl linolenate. II. Studies on the structure of the isolinoleic acids

The methyl isolinoleate fraction obtained by the low temperature crystallization procedure was found to be a mixture of at least three isomers, the 8,14-, 9,15-, and 10,14- isolinoleic acids. The infrared absorption spectrum of this fraction indicated atrans-configuration for at least one of the double bonds of isolinoleic acid.
Personality, antisocial behavior, and aggression: A meta-analytic review

Abstract Purpose Although the relationship between personality and antisocial behaviors has been widely examined and empirically supported in the psychological literature, relatively few efforts to study this relationship have appeared in mainstream criminology. Materials and methods The current study focuses on the domains and facets from the Five-Factor Model of personality, and how they are related to antisocial and aggressive behaviors. Results The meta-analytic findings indicate that the higher-order traits of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism demonstrate the most consistent relationships with these outcomes. At the lower-order trait level, straightforwardness, compliance, and altruism from Agreeableness, deliberation from Conscientiousness, angry hostility from Neuroticism, and warmth from Extraversion were among the strongest correlates. Conclusion The findings are consistent with previous meta-analytic studies, thus providing compelling support for their utility in understanding antisocial and aggressive behavior. As such, they should be afforded greater theoretical and empirical attention within criminology.
Mollie Orshansky's Strategy to Poverty Measurement as a Relationship between Household Food Expenditures and Economy Food Plan

The concept of poverty thresholds was devised in the USA as a measure of income inadequacy for families, in order to compare the well-being of children in families of different size and composition. Poverty thresholds were originally built on 2 empirical findings from food consumption research at the USDA: the 1962 Economy Food Plan, which meets the nutritional requirements of a healthy diet at minimal cost; and the 1955 Household Food Consumption survey finding that for all households of ≥2 persons, the average dollar value of food used during 1 wk accounted for one-third of after tax cash income. To calculate the poverty thresholds, equivalence scales were developed for families of different size and composition, and the average food expenditure share for all households (not just those on low incomes) was used. This article discusses the ways in which these 2 approaches have evolved over time and considers the possibility that the methods used to measure poverty thresholds should be changed. [This paper was presented at the Allied Social Sciences Association annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, USA, Jan.4–6, 2008.]
Nonselective enrichment for yeast adenine mutants by flow cytometry

The expression of certain adenine biosynthetic mutations in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in a red colony color. This phenomenon has historically provided an ideal genetic marker for the study of mutation, recombination, and aneuploidy in lower eukaryotes by classical genetic analysis. In this paper, it is reported that cells carrying ade1 and/or ade2 mutations exhibit primary fluorescence. Based on this observation, the nonselective enrichment of yeast cultures for viable adenine mutants by using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter has been achieved. The advantages of this approach over conventional genetic analysis of mutation, recombination, and mitotic chromosomal stability include speed and accuracy in acquiring data for large numbers of clones. By using appropriate strains, the cell sorter has been used for the isolation of both forward mutations and chromosomal loss events in S. cerevisiae. The resolving power of this system and its noninvasiveness can easily be extended to more complex organisms, including mammalian cells, in which analogous metabolic mutants are available.
Pseudoepileptiform EEG patterns during pseudoseizures

Seven seizures, recorded from three patients, showed electrographic findings suggestive of epileptic seizures. However, careful analysis of the EEGs revealed multiple phase reversals and electrical field inconsistencies. Time-synchronized video recording confirmed that the patterns represented movement artifacts due to the patients shaking their heads, upper extremities, or bodies with secondary movement of electrodes, electrode wires, or electrode boxes. This series of patients highlights the importance of careful analysis of the data in the differentiation of psychogenic from epileptic seizures.
Habituation of aggression: The effects of visual social stimuli on behavior between adjacently territorial convict cichlids (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum)

This study investigated the effect of isolation treatments on levels of aggressiveness elicited by male conspecific (fish) in boundary fights. Isolation treatment of 7 days duration reduced the spontaneous approach response to an intruder. This effect was viewed as being the result of an increased state of timidity due to isolation. Observations of levels of aggressiveness and time-course waning indicated that there were no differences among the various social conditions when an initial readiness-to-approach criterion was imposed to select subjects without high degrees of timidness. All groups were similar in that the duration of chin display was greatest during the initial fight periods and waned during the first 3 hr of exposure. In addition, bite frequency increased as chin display waned, usually peaking after the first hour. Both of these responses were typically at a very low level after 24 hr of exposure.
Resident Knowledge of Colorectal Cancer Screening Assessed by Web-Based Survey

Background: To evaluate resident knowledge of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening guidelines and to define areas requiring attention. Methods: A survey was created using three published guidelines for CRC screening. Program directors for internal medicine residency programs were contacted within the metro New York City area to have their residents participate. Results: Five programs participated, and 115 responses were recorded. For the appropriate testing and interval to screen for CRC, 61/115 residents identified flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, 108/115 identified colonoscopy every 10 years, 16/115 identified double contrast barium enema (DCBE) every 5 years and only 12/115 thought CT-colography every 5 years was appropriate. Only 40/115 respondents appropriately identified fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) administered in the patient’s home annually, while fecal immunohistochemical testing (FIT) annually at home was identified by 8/115 residents. Conclusion: While most residents seem knowledgeable regarding CRC screening with colonoscopy, many deficiencies remain. FOBT for screening purposes remains undervalued, and confusion about administering the test persists. The distinction between screening and prevention needs further reinforcement. J Clin Med Res. 2014;6(2):120-126 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr1610w
Deformation of crowns during cementation

Abstract Deformation of crowns during cementation was investigated by a simple loading system of defined crowns with silicone fluids as cements. Deformation of the crowns was measured by long strain gauges that encircled the cervical margins. Die spacing was simulated by etching the die. Venting was simulated by removing a small screw. Deformation of the crowns was decreased by decreasing the viscosity of fluid, increasing the thickness of the crowns, and venting. Etching the die decreased the seating times of the crowns, but did not alter the level of deformation. Terminal cementation with zinc phosphate cement confirmed the presence of crown deformation during cementation. The results have consequences for bonded and all-ceramic crowns, and explain several clinical phenomena. It is suggested that low viscosity cements, low seating forces, and die spacing be used to decrease the deformation of crowns during seating. The importance of passive fitting of the crown to the tooth is stressed.
Expression of the novel basic helix-loop-helix gene eHAND in neural crest derivatives and extraembryonic membranes during mouse development.

Abstract We employed the yeast two-hybrid technique to screen a mouse embryo cDNA library for novel tissue-specific Class B basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, which heterodimerize with the ubiquitously expressed Class A bHLH protein E12. From this screen, we cloned a novel bHLH protein, which we named eHAND. Its low sequence identity with other bHLH family members and unique expression pattern during development suggest that eHAND defines a new subclass of Class B bHLH proteins. eHAND was expressed at high levels in trophoblast cells and extraembryonic membranes throughout development. The first site of eHAND expression in embryos was the heart, where it was expressed at high levels between 8.5 and 10.5 days post coitum (d.p.c.), after which transcript levels declined abruptly. By 13.5 d.p.c., eHAND expression in the heart was localized to regions of valve formation. Expression in other regions of the embryo was confined to tissues with a substantial neural crest component. eHAND was expressed in the first branchial arch and its derivatives, in the sympathoadrenal lineage, and in the enteric system. The expression pattern of eHAND during development is distinct from that of other bHLH genes and suggests that it has a role in formation of extraembryonic tissues, heart, and neural crest derivatives.
Exploring the Use of Paradata in Predicting Nonresponse in the Indonesian Family Life Survey

To date, there is a lack of empirical analysis about their effect on survey nonresponse in most developing countries, including Indonesia. To fill this research gap, this study aims to extend previous research to explore the use of paradata in predicting survey non-participation in the 2007 Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS4). Findings suggest that non-response may be lowered if interviewers make an effort to contact respondents during weekday afternoons and evenings, and during the weekends. Non-response may be also be lowered if survey organizations make special efforts to maintain contact with households with dependent children, disabled or sick individuals, and multiple working adults, as well as households located in urban areas.
MO‐F‐WAB‐07: A Novel 4D CT Acquisition and Analysis Technique to Account for the Effect of Cardiac Induced Lung Tissue Motion During Free Breathing

Purpose: To develop a new motion modeling technique to account for internal lung tissue displacement due to cardiac motion during free breathing CT scans. Methods: Five patients were imaged 25 successive times under free breathing conditions in alternating directions with a 64‐slice CT scanner using a low dose fast helical protocol. A pneumatic bellows around the abdomen was used to as a breathing surrogate and a 3‐lead ECG monitor simultaneously measured heart rate. The lungs were segmented from each image and deformable registration was used to register the first image to the subsequent 24 segmented images. The registered voxel locations were fitted to a linear motion model, relating the internal lung tissue deformation to the tidal volume v, airflow f and cardiac phase h. The time dependence of cardiac induced tissue displacement was characterized by a periodic function synchronized to the cardiac cycle, optimized to reduce model error, and was patient specific. The magnitude of cardiac induced motion was evaluated by comparing the discrepancies between fitted and measured motion with and without the cardiac term applied. Results: The magnitude of cardiac induced lung tissue displacement was determined to be up to 2.5mm in the lung for regions close to the myocardium. The addition of the cardiac term reduced the total number of voxels with mean errors above 1mm by 33%. Conclusion: Application of the cardiac term in the motion model reduces large errors in motion modeling in regions close to the myocardium. This work supported in part by NIH R01CA096679
Temperature dependence of diffusion properties of soft sticky dipole water

The isobaric diffusivities for the soft sticky dipole water model between 230 and 330 K were studied in molecular dynamics simulations using Ewald summations for the long-range interactions. This simple single-point, angularly dependent model with parameters optimized at room temperature reproduces the experimental diffusion rates over a wide range of temperatures better than multi-point models. Its ability to reproduce the unusual temperature dependence of the diffusivities of supercooled water indicates the tetrahedral nature of water is important. Moreover, comparisons with other models indicate more tetrahedral potentials correlate with increasing the so-called Angell critical temperature and decreasing power of the temperature dependence.
The Human Language–Associated Gene SRPX2 Regulates Synapse Formation and Vocalization in Mice

Synapse formation in the developing brain depends on the coordinated activity of synaptogenic proteins, some of which have been implicated in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we show that the sushi repeat-containing protein X-linked 2 (SRPX2) gene encodes a protein that promotes synaptogenesis in the cerebral cortex. In humans, SRPX2 is an epilepsy- and language-associated gene that is a target of the foxhead box protein P2 (FoxP2) transcription factor. We also show that FoxP2 modulates synapse formation through regulating SRPX2 levels and that SRPX2 reduction impairs development of ultrasonic vocalization in mice. Our results suggest FoxP2 modulates the development of neural circuits through regulating synaptogenesis and that SRPX2 is a synaptogenic factor that plays a role in the pathogenesis of language disorders.
Opportunistic sensor scheduling in wireless control systems

We consider a wireless control system where multiple power-constrained sensors transmit plant output measurements to a controller over a shared wireless medium. A centralized scheduler, situated at the controller, grants channel access to a single sensor on each time step. Given plant and controller dynamics, we design scheduling and transmit power policies that adapt opportunistically to the random wireless channel conditions experienced by the sensors. The objective is to obtain a stable system, by minimizing the expected decrease rate of a given Lyapunov function, while respecting the sensors' power constraints. We develop an online optimization algorithm based on the random channel sequence observed during execution which converges almost surely to the optimal protocol design.
An interactive city planning model

Abstract Increased man-machine communications capability can provide improvements in problem solving. This improvement can be achieved by designing flexibility of input and output through the use of interactive graphics. This paper outlines an interactive simulation system for use in city planning. In this system, simulation models of a city's demography, employment, transportation, utilities, and communications systems are interfaced with each other and with a graphics screen through the use of a module called the interface control program. This program functions as a system monitor and recognizes what, where, and when information should be transferred through the system. The interactive city planning model allows applications-oriented problem solvers to effectively use the problem solving capability of the computer to respond to events as they develop during a simulation run.
New neutron cross-section measurements at ORELA and their application in nuclear criticality calculations

Many older neutron cross-section evaluations from libraries such as ENDF/B-VI or JENDL-3.2 show deficiencies in energy ranges that are important for criticality safety applications. Consequently, these evaluated data may not be adequate for nuclear criticality calculations where effects such as self-shielding, multiple scattering, or Doppler broadening are important. To support the Nuclear Criticality Safety Program, neutron cross-section measurements have been initiated at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA). ORELA is ideally suited to measure fission, neutron total, and capture cross-sections in the energy range from 1 eV to ∼600 keV, which is important for many nuclear criticality safety applications.
Effect of inhaled interleukin-5 on eosinophil progenitors in the bronchi and bone marrow of asthmatic and non-asthmatic volunteers.

Background Asthma is characterized by increases in mature eosinophils and their progenitors within the bronchus and bone marrow. IL-5 plays a key role in eosinophil development in the bone marrow and at the site of allergic inflammation. We therefore studied the effects of nebulized IL-5 on eosinophils, their progenitors and in situ haemopoiesis within the airway and bone marrow. Methods Nine atopic asthmatics and 10 non-atopic non-asthmatic control volunteers inhaled 10 microg of IL-5 or placebo via a nebulizer in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. Bronchoscopy, bone marrow aspiration and peripheral blood sampling were performed 24 h after nebulization. Four weeks later, volunteers inhaled the alternative solution and underwent a repeat bronchoscopy and bone marrow aspiration. Results Inhalation of IL-5 significantly decreased CD34(+)/IL-5Ralpha mRNA(+) cells within the bronchial mucosa and the percentage of CD34(+) cells that were CCR3(+) within the bone marrow of atopic asthmatic, but not control, volunteers. Inhalation of IL-5 also induced a significant increase in bronchial mucosal eosinophils in the non-atopic non-asthmatic control volunteers, but not in the asthmatics. IL-5 had no effect on spirometry or airways hyper-reactivity in either group. Conclusions Inhaled IL-5 modulated eosinophil progenitor numbers in both the airways and bone marrow of asthmatics and induced local eosinophilia in non-asthmatics.
Screening for Melanoma Modifiers using a Zebrafish Autochthonous Tumor Model

Genomic studies of human cancers have yielded a wealth of information about genes that are altered in tumors1,2,3. A challenge arising from these studies is that many genes are altered, and it can be difficult to distinguish genetic alterations that drove tumorigenesis from that those arose incidentally during transformation. To draw this distinction it is beneficial to have an assay that can quantitatively measure the effect of an altered gene on tumor initiation and other processes that enable tumors to persist and disseminate. Here we present a rapid means to screen large numbers of candidate melanoma modifiers in zebrafish using an autochthonous tumor model4 that encompasses steps required for melanoma initiation and maintenance. A key reagent in this assay is the miniCoopR vector, which couples a wild-type copy of the mitfa melanocyte specification factor to a Gateway recombination cassette into which candidate melanoma genes can be recombined5. The miniCoopR vector has a mitfa rescuing minigene which contains the promoter, open reading frame and 3'-untranslated region of the wild-type mitfa gene. It allows us to make constructs using full-length open reading frames of candidate melanoma modifiers. These individual clones can then be injected into single cell Tg(mitfa:BRAFV600E);p53(lf);mitfa(lf)zebrafish embryos. The miniCoopR vector gets integrated by Tol2-mediated transgenesis6 and rescues melanocytes. Because they are physically coupled to the mitfa rescuing minigene, candidate genes are expressed in rescued melanocytes, some of which will transform and develop into tumors. The effect of a candidate gene on melanoma initiation and melanoma cell properties can be measured using melanoma-free survival curves, invasion assays, antibody staining and transplantation assays.
Population Distributions of C-reactive Protein in Apparently Healthy Men and Women in the United States: Implication for Clinical Interpretation

Measurement of the acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP) has been used historically in the diagnosis and monitoring of active infection or inflammation. Recent prospective epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that CRP, at concentrations within the reference interval, is a strong predictor of myocardial infarction (1)(2)(3), stroke (1)(2)(4), sudden cardiac death (5), and peripheral arterial disease (6) in apparently healthy adults. High-sensitivity methods that are capable of reliably measuring CRP concentrations ≤0.15 mg/L (approximately the first and second percentiles of CRP distribution in healthy adults) have, therefore, been developed (7)(8). Furthermore, an algorithm for risk assessment of future coronary events that combines both CRP concentration and total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio has been proposed (9). According to this algorithm, an individual’s risk can be estimated with use of quintiles of CRP and lipids derived from ongoing population-based surveys. Because high-sensitivity methods have only recently become available, the frequency distributions of CRP in apparently healthy US adults have not been carefully examined. Such information is useful in determining the most appropriate CRP cutpoints for the risk assessment algorithm in men and women. In this report, we describe the frequency distribution of CRP in 22 403 US adults and propose new CRP cutpoints for clinical interpretation. CRP measurement was performed in 22 403 apparently healthy individuals participating in the Physicians’ Health Study (PHS), the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS), the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), and the Women’s Health Study (WHS). Details of these studies have been published elsewhere (10)(11)(12)(13). To avoid the issue of confounding by disease outcome, we evaluated only those individuals who were free of cardiovascular disease at study entry and remained free from disease during follow-up. To avoid confounding by drugs, we eliminated those women …
Controlling continuum generation

The control of white-light, supercontinuum generation by shaped laser pulses is demonstrated. In particular, energy efficiency has been improved by more than an order of magnitude within specified bandwidths. The improvement is larger than model calculations predict.
Vectors, Bites, and Venoms: Articles on Insects and Other Arthropods of Medical Importance. Which Journals Published the Most and on Which Insects, 2007–2011?

With a goal of delineating a small, core collection of journals to cover growing domestic and worldwide interest, this study reports four findings about articles related to medical entomology that appeared from 2007–2011. First, in the study of insects as disease vectors, journals of tropical medicine and biology actually publish almost as many papers as journals of medical entomology and vector biology, and among type-of-insect journals, those dealing with mosquitoes, ticks, and mites are most prominent. Second, in the literature of insect bites, journals of general entomology that intermittently feature recurring papers on medical entomology and type-of-insect titles that emphasize mosquitoes are the most important. Third, in the study of insect venoms, 70 percent of papers come from the journals of toxicology and related disciplines such as protein biochemistry. Fourth, while there were dozens of different noxious arthropods mentioned one to four times in the medical literature during our time span, mo...
Necrotizing fasciitis: current concepts and review of the literature.

M T b d d w f b a s i f t n ecrotizing soft-tissue infection (NSTI) was first described y Hippocrates circa 500 BC, when he wrote, “Many were ttacked by the erysipelas all over the body when the excitng cause was a trivial accident . . . flesh, sinews, and bones ell away in large quantities . . . there were many deaths.” espite many advances in our understanding of this disease nd great improvements in medical care, the mortality asociated with NSTI has not changed in the last 30 years and emains 25% to 35%. Mortality is directly proportional to ime to intervention. In addition, prevalence of this disase is such that the average practitioner will see only one or wo cases in his or her career. Physicians cannot be suffiiently familiar with NSTI to proceed rapidly with accurate iagnosis and the necessary management. The purpose of his article is to provide an evidence-based review of the icrobiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment f NSTI. Because there are no adequately powered, ranomized, and blinded studies, the recommendations are ased on retrospective and nonblinded study data vailable. NSTI was described as “hospital gangrene” by British aval surgeons in the 18th and 19th century. Dr Joseph ones, a Confederate Army surgeon, was the first person to escribe this disorder in a large group of patients in 1871, hen he reported on 2,642 cases and found a mortality rate f 46%. In 1883, the French physician, Jean Alfred ournier, described a similar NSTI of the perineum in five ale patients—a process that continues to bear his name. It s now described in both male and female patients. In the nsuing years, many other terms, such as necrotizing erysiplas, streptococcal gangrene, and suppurative fasciitis, have een also been used. Because the gas-forming organism, lostridium perfringens, can be associated with this infecion, it has also been referred to as “Clostridial gangrene” or gas gangrene.” In 1951, Dr Wilson proposed the term necrotizing fascitis to include both gas-forming and non gas-forming ne-
Transfinite induction within Peano arithmetic

Abstract The relative strengths of first-order theories axiomatized by transfinite induction, for ordinals less-than e0, and formulas restricted in quantifier complexity, is determined. This is done, in part, by describing the provably recursive functions of such theories. Upper bounds for the provably recursive functions are obtained using model-theoretic techniques. A variety of additional results that come as an application of such techniques are mentioned.