cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distinctive protein profiles obtained from extracts of normal and atherosclerotic human aorta

Abstract Specific areas of fourteen autopsied abdominal aortas were layer-dissected, histologically graded and solubilized with SDS, dilute saline or SDS-urea and β-mercaptoethanol. Comparisons were made between intima, media, lesions of progressive severity and an in-vivo thrombus. Apparent molecular weights were calculated from the Coomassie blue stained gels of these extracts and each band's contribution estimated by integrative densitometry. Four minor high molecular weight bands and six medium to low molecular weight bands were detected in the arterial extracts. Band intensity stain patterns of normal intima are easily distinguished from normal media. Extracts of minor lesions resemble normal media; higher grade lesions demonstrate increased amounts of characteristic intimal bands. The major medial band is also seen on gels of thrombus extracts. Both of the bands most characteristic of atherosclerotic lesions stain for carbohydrate. Isolation and characterization of these (glyco)proteins will provide material for binding studies. Quantitation of characteristic lesion proteins may provide insights into the proliferative phase of this disease.
All-Optic Wavelength Conversion and Pulse Reshaping with Two FP Coupled Cavities

An all-optic wavelength converter and pulse reshaper is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The device is based on two FBG-SOA-FBG coupled-resonators in Fabry-Perot geometry producing two wavelengths with rise/fall time of a few nanoseconds.
Flea market simulator: a market simulator for experiments on the computational evolution of trading strategies for economic agents

In this paper, we present the Flea Market Simulator: a minimal market simulator, where agents have strategies they use to determine which goods to trade and at what rate. The primary goal is to understand how intelligent strategies can develop in a dynamic economic environment. The simulator is designed to run multiple independent strategy generating functions at once, for isolated sub-populations of agents in the market. The timing and extent of interaction between these sub-populations can be flexibly controlled by the user. Resultant differences between sub-populations provides data with which to compare the different strategy generating functions. Specifically, these strategy generating functions are intended to be evolutionary computational (EC) methods, and as such, the simulator provides the framework for tournaments between EC methods, in terms of their ability to produce "successful" agent trading strategies. The definition of success is left purposefully open-ended.
The Law and the Prophets: Black Consciousness in South Africa, 1968–1977

The Law and the Prophets: Black Consciousness in South Africa, 1968–1977 Daniel R. Magaziner Athens/Johannesburg: Ohio University Press/Jacana, 2010, 283 pp. (pbk) 978-8314-1918-2 Daniel Magaziner'...
Holographic interferometry experiments on the growth of ice from a horizontal pipe

Abstract In this paper the main results of an experimental study on the growth of ice from an internally cooled horizontal pipe immersed in water are reported. With the help of holographic interferometry. the local Nusselt number at the solidifying interface is obtained at characteristic times during the evolution of the solidification phenomenon. Visualization proved that the temperature and flow fields at the early stages of the solidification arc nonsymmetric and unstable. A buoyancy-driven plume develops on the underside of the pipe and flows downward. This plume swings continuously about the vertical axis of symmetry of the system and affects the solidification process. Additional key results reported in this paper include the evolution of the phase change interface with time, the dependence of the pipe wall temperature on time and the dependence of the volume of ice produced on time.
Geospatial analysis of potential water use, water stress, and eutrophication impacts from US dairy production

Abstract Water resource impacts from US dairy production include water use (scarcity impacts) and water quality (eutrophication impacts). These impacts are location-specific, depending upon characteristics of the region and watershed where on-farm dairy and feed production occurs. The objectives of this analysis were to evaluate the impact of US on-farm dairy production on water scarcity across the US, and evaluate dairy production's impact on eutrophication processes within watersheds as well as on the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone. The primary water-utilization challenge for dairy producers is irrigation for growing feed rather than on-farm use. Most dairy production in the US does not occur in water stressed areas with the exception of production in some western states. The potential impacts on local (P pollution) and regional (N pollution to the Gulf of Mexico) watershed eutrophication are more likely to occur from feed production than from on-farm dairy activities.
Structural, kinetic and proteomic characterization of acetyl phosphate-dependent bacterial protein acetylation.

The emerging view of Ne-lysine acetylation in eukaryotes is of a relatively abundant post-translational modification (PTM) that has a major impact on the function, structure, stability and/or location of thousands of proteins involved in diverse cellular processes. This PTM is typically considered to arise by the donation of the acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A (acCoA) to the e-amino group of a lysine residue that is reversibly catalyzed by lysine acetyltransferases and deacetylases. Here, we provide genetic, mass spectrometric, biochemical and structural evidence that Ne-lysine acetylation is an equally abundant and important PTM in bacteria. Applying a recently developed, label-free and global mass spectrometric approach to an isogenic set of mutants, we detected acetylation of thousands of lysine residues on hundreds of Escherichia coli proteins that participate in diverse and often essential cellular processes, including translation, transcription and central metabolism. Many of these acetylations were regulated in an acetyl phosphate (acP)-dependent manner, providing compelling evidence for a recently reported mechanism of bacterial Ne-lysine acetylation. These mass spectrometric data, coupled with observations made by crystallography, biochemistry, and additional mass spectrometry showed that this acP-dependent acetylation is both non-enzymatic and specific, with specificity determined by the accessibility, reactivity and three-dimensional microenvironment of the target lysine. Crystallographic evidence shows acP can bind to proteins in active sites and cofactor binding sites, but also potentially anywhere molecules with a phosphate moiety could bind. Finally, we provide evidence that acP-dependent acetylation can impact the function of critical enzymes, including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase, and RNA polymerase.
Dopaminergic modulation of striatal networks in health and Parkinson's disease

In the last couple of years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of how dopamine modulates striatal circuits underlying goal-directed behaviors and how therapeutic interventions intended to normalize disordered dopaminergic signaling can go awry. This review summarizes some of the advances in this field with a translational focus on Parkinson's disease.
Vital staining of newly formed areas of compact bone with chlorazol fast pink.

The dense connective tissues of the mouse and cat are selectively stained following the vital introduction of chlorazol fast pink. In addition, the newly formed areas of bone and of cartilage are intensely stained, while other areas of these two tissues are unstained. The staining reactions of this dye parallel that of trypan blue, vitally as well as in vitro.
A Localized Interaction Surface for Voltage-Sensing Domains on the Pore Domain of a K+ Channel

Abstract Voltage-gated K + channels contain a central pore domain and four surrounding voltage-sensing domains. How and where changes in the structure of the voltage-sensing domains couple to the pore domain so as to gate ion conduction is not understood. The crystal structure of KcsA, a bacterial K + channel homologous to the pore domain of voltage-gated K + channels, provides a starting point for addressing this question. Guided by this structure, we used tryptophan-scanning mutagenesis on the transmembrane shell of the pore domain in the Shaker voltage-gated K + channel to localize potential protein–protein and protein–lipid interfaces. Some mutants cause only minor changes in gating and when mapped onto the KcsA structure cluster away from the interface between pore domain subunits. In contrast, mutants producing large changes in gating tend to cluster near this interface. These results imply that voltage-sensing domains interact with localized regions near the interface between adjacent pore domain subunits.
Transfer function and parameter evaluation for D-C servomotors

IN ANALYZING and synthesizing feedback control systems, the engineer is frequently interested in the numerical value of the parameters associated with the motor-load combination. He probably has manufacturer's data concerning the motor itself, and perhaps similar data are available for many of the load components but, in general, parameter values are not available for the specific motor-load combination and they must be calculated or measured.
Thermomechanical studies of polymer deformation part I: A New deformation calorimeter

Abstract : The purpose of the paper is to describe a new deformation calorimeter, which is based on differential thermometry and uses a flowing gas stream as a heat transfer medium which allows it to operate under near-isothermal conditions. Also presented are some preliminary test measurements with a crosslinked polyurethane elastomer and crystalline polybutene-1. (Author)
Static and dynamic responses of GaN piezoresistive microcantilever with embedded AlGaN/GaN HFET for sensing applications

In this article, a highly sensitive AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor (HFET) embedded GaN piezoresistive microcantilever is presented. In addition, deflection transduction signal from the HFET is showed for the first time to determine dynamic response of the cantilever, and also acoustic wave resonance which detected periodic vibration amplitudes of 4.6 nm when the sensor was placed 1 cm away from an ultrasonic source. Moreover sensing of acetone has been demonstrated using photo acoustic wave principal using the GaN microcantilever embedded with AlGaN/GaN HFET.
Genetic analysis of conservation and variation of lipooligosaccharide expression in two L8-immunotype strains of Neisseria meningitidis.

Neisseria meningitidis strains A1 and M978 both express the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) L8 immunotype [Gu et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 30 (1992) 2047–2053]. Under different growth conditions, strain A1 did not change its LOS profile whereas strain M978 produced variable LOS profiles on SDS–PAGE. To understand the genetic basis of LOS conservation and variation, their lgt locus encoding glycosyltransferases responsible for the biosynthesis of the α-chain of LOS was analyzed. Strain A1 possessed only two genes, lgtA and lgtH, at the lgt locus. The lgtA gene was inactivated due to a frameshift mutation; thus strain A1 expressed only L8 LOS. In contrast, strain M978 contained five genes lgtZ, lgtC, lgtA, lgtB and lgtE at this locus, thus it had a potential to express L1, L3,7 in addition to the L8 LOS. The data showed that strain A1 is a better reference strain for the L8 immunotype because of the stability of L8 LOS expression resulting from its unique lgt locus. In addition, these two strains had two new genetic organizations, lgtAH and lgtZCABE, compared to the reported gene organization at the lgt locus in N. meningitidis.
X-ray diffraction and absorption spectrophotometric studies of AmI3 and AmOI

Abstract The anhydrous tri-iodides and the oxyiodide of americium were investigated by X-ray diffraction and absorption spectrophotometry. From the X-ray analysis of the tri-iodide, an orthorhombic form (PuBr3-type structure) was identified, which is isostructural with the lighter actinide (uranium through plutonium) tri-iodides. A hexagonal form (BiI3-type structure) of the tri-iodide was also found. The transition temperature for converting the orthorhombic form to the hexagonal form was established to be 400 ± 30°C. Room temperature lattice parameters for the tri-iodide are (1)a0 = 0.428(4) nm, b0 = 1.394(1) nm and c0 = 0.9974(7) nm for the orthorhombic form, and (2) a0 = 0.7637(4) nm and c0 = 2.091(2) nm for the hexagonal form. The room temperature parameters for the tetragonal oxyiodide (PbFCl-type structure) are a0 = 0.4010(4) nm and c0 = 0.9200(6) nm. From differences in the absorption spectra of the solids at 25°C, it is possible to differentiate between these three materials by absorption spectrophotometry.
An Investment Strategy Based on Value Line's Dual-Rank System

In this study, we document that the Value Line enigma originating from a timeliness single-sort portfolio no longer holds once trading costs are taken into account. In addition, we discover that safety ranks help explain cross-sectional stock returns within optimistic timeliness ranks. The information complementarity between timeliness and safety ranks makes it advisable to formulate a better investment strategy by constructing cross-ranking portfolios to yield significant abnormal returns allowing for conventional risk factors and transaction costs.
INFLUENCE OF MARTENSITE CARBON CONTENT ON THE CYCLIC PROPERTIES OF DUAL-PHASE STEEL

Abstract A series of FeMnC alloys was quenched from 760° and 820°C. This treatment produced dual-phase microstructures in which the carbon contents of the martensite and ferrite phases were held constant while the percent martensite varied. The monotomic and cyclic properties of these steels were determined and the major influence on mechanical properties was found to be the percentage of martensite; both monotonic and cyclic stress levels increase linearly with martensite content. Carbon content of the phases also appears to play a role, particularly for cyclic properties. At constant martensite contents higher carbon levels result in better fatigue properties. Thus dual-phase steels with a higher alloy content (therefore able to be more slowly cooled resulting in higher carbon bearing martensite) may be preferable for cyclic applications.
The role of the bioethicist in family meetings about end of life care

There has been little study of the content of bioethicists' communication during family meeting consultations about end of life care. In the literature, two roles for bioethicists are usually described: the "consultant" role, in which bioethicists define and support ethical principles such as those enshrined in the "rational choice" model; and the "mediator" role, which focuses on the enhancement of communication in order to reduce conflict. In this study, we use observational data to explore how bioethicists support the practice of decision making during family meetings about end of life care. In a study conducted in the Bronx, New York, USA, researchers observed and recorded 24 decision-making meetings between hospital staff and family members of elderly patients identified as being in the last stages of illness, who were unable or unwilling to make the decision for themselves. Bioethics consultants were present during five of those meetings. Although bioethicists referred to the "rational choice" decision-making hierarchy, we did not see the systematic exploration described in the literature. Rather, our data show that bioethicists tended to employ elements of the rational model at particular turning points in the decision-making process in order to achieve pragmatic goals. As mediators, bioethicists worked to create consensus between family and staff and provided invaluable sympathy and comfort to distressed family members. We also found evidence of a context-dependent approach to mediation, with bioethicists' contributions generally supporting staff views about end of life care. Bioethicists' called to consult on family meetings about end of life care do not appear to adhere to a strict interpretation of the official guidelines. In order to negotiate the difficult terrain of end of life decision making, our data show that bioethicists often add a third role, "persuader", to official roles of "consultant" and "mediator".
The nucleolus in games with major and minor players

In this paper, we considern-person weighted majority games with major and minor players. We prove under certain conditions that if the minor players split into equal “mini-minor” players the nucleolus' components which correspond to the major players do not change.
Emergency Department triage: what data are nurses collecting?

The electronic medical record (EMR) adds a new dimension to data collection and documentation of triage decisions. The EMR allows system administrators and designers to require that specific data be collected by the clinician before advancing through the patient care chart. The dynamic nature of triage may be conceptualized as a rapid sorting of patients into acuity categories or as a gateway to hospital-wide inpatient and outpatient care, creating conflicting clinical priorities in data collection and EMR requirements. These conflicting priorities present a challenge to the determination of a standardized data set and the creation of an EMR template. Triage, as a concept, has been well documented in the literature. Several triage algorithms havebeen studied worldwide to standardize the acuity ratings within triage. 1-4 The Emergency Severity Index (ESI), a common 5-level algorithm to determine triage acuity in the United States, is a valid and reliable triage tool. 5 The American Academy of Emergency Medicine recommends the adoption of ESI to improve the safety and flow of overcrowded emergency departments. 6 However, the ESI authors claim that the
When Deliberation Produces Extremism

Abstract What are the effects of deliberation about political issues by likeminded people? An experimental investigation involving two deliberative exercises, one among self-identified liberals and another among self-identified conservatives, showed that participants' views became more extreme after deliberation. Deliberation also increased consensus and significantly reduced diversity of opinion within the two groups. Even anonymous statements of personal opinion became more extreme and homogeneous after deliberation.
Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis Potentiates Hypertension During Chronic Glucose Infusion in Rats

Abstract —Endothelial dysfunction has been proposed to contribute to impaired blood flow control or hypertension in many conditions characterized by hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia. However, most studies have focused on whether endothelial dysfunction is present in the established phases of these various hypertensive states, and there is little known concerning the role of the endothelium in the initial stages. This study tested whether nitric oxide production, before endothelial dysfunction develops, plays an important role in counteracting the hypertensive response to chronic glucose infusion. Glucose was infused (18.6 mg/kg per minute IV) for 7 days in 8 normal rats (G) and in 9 rats with a long-term background intravenous infusion of N G -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) at 10 μg/kg per minute (G+L). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), measured 24 hours per day, increased an average of ≈11 mm Hg in the G rats. L-NAME treatment increased MAP an average of 28±2 mm Hg in the G+L rats, and glucose infusion raised MAP >30 mm Hg above that, averaging 155±8 mm Hg by day 6. In addition, heart rate increased from an average of 389±8 bpm to 441±16 bpm by day 6, whereas there was no significant change in the G rats. Glomerular filtration rate decreased significantly with L-NAME treatment and decreased in both groups by day 3 of glucose infusion, reaching lower levels in the G+L rats. These results show that NO is required to minimize the increase in MAP during glucose infusion and suggest that renal and neural mechanisms may be important in mediating that effect.
L2-index and the Selberg trace formula

Abstract A method is developed for computing the L 2 -index of a “locally symmetric” elliptic differential operator D Γ , acting on a locally symmetric manifold M Γ = ΓβG K with G semisimple of real-rank one and Γ of finite co-volume, based on applying the Selberg trace formula to the difference of the two heat kernels associated to D Γ . The applications include an extension of the Osborne-Warner multiplicity formula to certain non-integrable discrete series—derived from the L 2 -spinor formula, and showing the existence, in some cases, of non-invariant L 2 -cohomology classes in the middle dimension—via the L 2 -signature formula.
Thermal Conductivity of Copper-Graphene Composite Films Synthesized by Electrochemical Deposition with Exfoliated Graphene Platelets

Samples of graphene composites with matrix of copper were prepared by electrochemical codeposition from CuSO4 solution with graphene oxide suspension. The thermal conductivity of the composite samples with different thickness and that of electrodeposited copper was determined by the three-omega method. Copper-graphene composite films with thickness greater than 200 μm showed an improvement in thermal conductivity over that of electrolytic copper from 380 W/m.K to 460 W/m.K at 300 K (27 °C). The thermal conductivity of copper-graphene films decreased from 510 W/m.K at 250 K (–23 °C) to 440 W/m.K at 350 K (77 °C). Effective medium approximation (EMA) was used to model the thermal conductivity of the composite samples and determine the interfacial thermal conductance between copper and graphene. The values of interface thermal conductance greater than 1.2 GW/m2.K obtained from the acoustic and the diffuse mismatch models and from the EMA modeling of the experimental results indicate that the interface thermal resistance is not a limiting factor to improve the thermal conductivity of the copper-graphene composites.
Short-term outcomes after cryosurgical ablation of the prostate in men with recurrent prostate carcinoma following radiation therapy.

Objectives Cryosurgical ablation of the prostate represents a possibly efficacious method of treating prostate carcinoma in men failing radiation therapy. In addition to eradicating the disease, cryosurgery has the potential to avoid some of the morbidity associated with other treatment modalities. Therefore, a prospective Phase II trial was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of cryosurgery following radiation therapy in men with local recurrence. Methods Cryosurgical ablation of the prostate was performed in men with prostate cancer previously treated by radiation therapy. All patients had biopsy-proven recurrent disease and no evidence of metastases. Initial follow-up occurred at approximately 3 months and included repeat biopsy and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) determinations. Biochemical disease-free survival defined as a PSA value less than 0.3 ng/mL was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Thus far, 23 patients have been treated with cryosurgery with follow-up ranging between 12 and 23 months. Approximately 3 months after treatment, sextant biopsies revealed no cancer in 19 of 22 (86%) of the specimens; however, 10 of 22 (45%) showed small amounts of benign glandular tissue. The PSA at 3 months postoperatively declined in 18 of 22 (82%) patients but reached female levels in only 8 men (36%). Nineteen of 22 (86%) patients followed up a minimum of 1 year after cryotherapy have a PSA level equal to or greater than 0.3 ng/mL Complications occurred in 100% of the patients with 12 of 22 (55%) requiring at least one transurethral resection of sloughed, necrotic tissue. Conclusions Our preliminary results suggest that the current Cryosurgical technique used in men failing radiation therapy has a low probability of biochemical cure and a high complication rate. Until more data are available, cryosurgery for men with locally recurrent disease after radiation therapy should be considered strictly experimental.
Heightened aggressive behavior by animals interacting with alcohol-treated conspecifics: studies with mice, rats and squirrel monkeys

Drug-free mice, rats and squirrel monkeys showed more aggression toward alcohol-treated conspecifics than under control conditions. Quantitative ethological analysis was used to assess the dose-dependent effects of ethyl alcohol on a range of aggressive, submissive, defensive, escape responses as well as on non-agonistic behavior such as associative responses, grooming, and locomotor activities. Two experimental situations were studied: resident-intruder confrontations in mice and rats, and interactions between members of established groups of squirrel monkeys. After PO administration of ethyl alcohol to intruder mice and rats, the non-drugged resident mice and rats attacked, threatened, and pursued intruders at higher frequencies during 5-min encounters. Similarly, subordinate squirrel monkeys who were members of three established groups, when given alcohol, were grasped, displaced, and displayed to more frequently by non-drugged group members than after water control injections during the first 40 min after injection. This change in aggressive behavior by non-drugged animals was related to the alcohol dose given to the intruder or subordinate animal; near-ataxic alcohol doses (3.0 g/kg in mice, 1.7 g/kg in rats, 1.0 g/kg in squirrel monkeys) altered the behavior of animals whose prevalent pattern is defensive and submissive so that they were the subject of most frequent and intense aggression.
Procedure for finding the scattering solutions of the Schrödinger equation

We present a convenient numerical method for the calculation of scattering phase shifts and wave functions. In this procedure the wave function is chosen to be an expansion in a convenient basis set for radial distances within the range of the short-range interaction. Outside this range, the wave function is a linear combination of the correct asymptotic solutions. Matching these two solutions determines the phase shift and overall normalization of the wave function. This method is an application of the theory first proposed by Bloch. The method is similar in some respects to $R$-matrix theory. The computational procedure can also be shown to be equivalent to the Kohn variational principle. In this method the choice of basis states is not as restricted as in previous applications and, in particular, the artificial boundary condition of the usual $R$-matrix approach is discarded. The freedom thus obtained in the choice of basis states leads to a rapidly convergent expansion for the wave function and the phase shifts. Furthermore, this freedom enables the method to be easily applied to a wide variety of problems including the case where there is a long-range Coulomb interaction in addition to short-range interactions. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the simplicity, flexibility, accuracy, and rate of convergence of the method.
Flash-induced electric potential generation in wild type and L212EQ mutant chromatophores of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: QBH2 is not released from L212EQ mutant reaction centers

Abstract The nature of the protonation reactions altered in the L212EQ mutant of photosynthetic purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, in which glutamate at position 212 of the L-subunit (GluL212) is replaced by glutamine, was examined through the flash-induced electric potential generation in chromatophores, measured at various pH values. The second flash-induced electrogenic phase of secondary acceptor quinone (QB) protonation in mutant reaction centers was 2–3-times smaller than that in reaction centers of wild type. Furthermore, the electrogenic reactions of the cytochrome bc1 complex were absent in the mutant at pH 7.6, but appeared at lower pH, with normal sensitivity to antimycin and myxothiazol. Hence, in L212EQ chromatophores ubiquinol generated in the reaction center fails to take up one of its two protons and remains bound to protein at neutral pH. At acid pH, the second proton is taken up and ubiquinol is released from the reaction center.
Accelerated partial breast irradiation through brachytherapy for ductal carcinoma in situ: factors influencing utilization and risks of second breast tumors

The purpose of this study was to examine influencing factors and outcomes of accelerated partial breast irradiation through brachytherapy (APBIb) versus whole breast irradiation (WBI) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). From the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program of the US National Cancer Institute, we identified 40,749 women who were diagnosed with first primary DCIS between 2002 and 2011 and treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy. A multi-level logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratios of APBIb use. Hazard ratios (HRs) of developing ipsilateral breast tumors (IBTs) and contralateral breast tumors (CBTs) were analyzed in 1962 patients with APBIb and 7203 propensity score-matched patients with WBI, using Cox proportional hazards regression. Overall, 2212 (4.5 %) of 40,749 women (the whole cohort) received APBIb. Factors associated with the increased use of APBIb included older age, non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, smaller tumor size, hormone receptor positivity, comedo subtypes, and urban residence. During the 46-month follow-up, 74 (0.8 %) and 131 (1.4 %) of 9165 propensity score-matched patients developed IBTs and CBTs, respectively. Compared with WBI, APBIb was associated with a significantly increased risk of IBTs (HR 1.74; 95 % CI 1.06–2.85) but not CBTs (OR 0.91; 95 % CI 0.59–1.41). This population-based study suggests that APBIb use for DCIS was influenced by patient and tumor characteristics as well as urbanization of residence. We observed a moderately increased IBT risk associated with APBIb versus WBI, suggesting that APBIb should be used with caution for DCIS before data from randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-ups are available.
GeS2 and GeSe2 PECVD from GeCl4 and Various Chalcogenide Precursors

The plasma enhanced chemical vapor depositions of germanium chalcogenide thin films from germanium tetrachloride, hydrogen sulfide and alkyl chalcogenides were studied to determine the viability of these reagents for thin film deposition. Hydrogen sulfide is a commonly used reagent for this technique and was used to determine optimal reaction conditions for thin film deposition. Germanium tetrachloride, alkylsulfides and alkylselenides were also employed because of their lower potential toxicities and higher availabilities compared to their more typical congeners: germane, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen selenide in the formation of germanium chalcogenides. Alkylsulfides were found to be unsuitable for the deposition of germanium sulfides, however alkylselenide precursors were used successfully for the deposition of germanium selenides. The relative mass flow rates, reactor pressure, substrate temperature and plasma power density were studied for their effects on germanium chalcogenide deposition. These parameters affected the composition, deposition rate, film quality, and spectroscopic properties of the deposited films.
The effects of bicuculline on the isolated spinal cord of the frog.

Abstract An investigation has been made of the effects of topically applied bicuculline, a reported gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist, on the isolated, hemisected frog spinal cord by recording ventral and dorsal root potentials and reflexes evoked by volleys to various spinal cord inputs. Bicuculline had potent excitatory effects causing depolarization, spontaneous potentials in ventral and dorsal roots, and an increased polysynaptic ventral root reflex. More importantly, the alkaloid blocked presynaptic inhibition of orthodromic reflex activity produced by preceding ventral root stimulation and primary afferent depolarization. These effects were attributed to a demonstrated antagonism of the direct depolarizing effects of GABA on dorsal root terminals by the alkaloid. These actions of bicuculline suggest that GABA may be the transmitter responsible for primary afferent depolarization and presynaptic inhibition in the amphibian.
The circular Bragg phenomenon

Exhibited by structurally chiral materials—such as Reusch piles, cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs), and chiral sculptured thin films (STFs)—due to their helical nonhomogeneity along a fixed axis, the circular Bragg phenomenon is the almost total reflection of the incident light of the co-handed circular-polarization state but very little reflection of the incident light of the cross-handed circular-polarization state. Manifesting itself in spectral regimes that depend on the angle of incidence, the structural period, and the relative permittivity dyadic, the phenomenon amounts to the formation of a light pipe that bleeds energy backward under appropriate conditions. Mild dissipation and dispersion do not significantly affect the circular Bragg regime. Every structurally chiral material of sufficient thickness is essentially a circular-polarization-sensitive band-rejection filter. Cascades of these materials with or without structural defects can be used to satisfy complex filtering requirements, such as multiband, narrowband, and ultra-narrowband filtering. A shift in the circular Bragg regime due to infiltration of a chiral STF by a fluid enables optical sensing. Sources of circularly polarized light can be fabricated by embedding emission sources in CLCs and chiral STFs.
Estimating correlation between alternative measures of disease progression in a longitudinal study

A primary outcome variable in longitudinal studies is often the rate of change of a continuous measurement over time. Examples include the one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) in pulmonary studies or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in renal studies. An individual patient's least-squares estimate of slope obtained from a linear regression is an imprecise measure of the true slope for that patient, and correlations involving the estimated slopes will be biased due to this measurement error. This paper presents methods for estimating the true correlation between these imprecise slope estimates, or between slope estimates and other variables measured with error. In addition to providing a simple consistent estimator of the correlation, we show how the maximum likelihood estimate of the correlation coefficient and a 100(1 - alpha) per cent confidence interval can be obtained. An example estimating the correlation between GFR and inverse serum creatinine slopes in patients with chronic renal disease is given.
White-matter abnormalities in brain during early abstinence from methamphetamine abuse

Background Previous studies revealed microstructural abnormalities in prefrontal white matter and corpus callosum of long-term abstinent chronic methamphetamine abusers. In view of the importance of the early abstinence period in treatment retention, we compared 23 methamphetamine-dependent subjects abstinent from methamphetamine for 7–13 days with 18 healthy comparison subjects. As certain metabolic changes in the brain first manifest after early abstinence from methamphetamine, it is also possible that microstructural white-matter abnormalities are not yet present during early abstinence.
CAESAR, LUCRETIUS AND THE DATES OF DE RERUM NATURA AND THE COMMENTARII

In February 54 b.c . Cicero concludes a missive to his brother with a passing and – for us – tantalizing remark: Lucreti poemata ut scribis ita sunt, multis luminibus ingeni, multae tamen artis. sed cum veneris. virum te putabo si Sallusti Empedoclea legeris; hominem non putabo . Quintus had, it seems, read De rerum natura , or at least parts thereof, just before he left Rome for an undisclosed location nearby, and he shared his enthusiasm with his brother per codicillos . Meanwhile, he was corresponding with Julius Caesar, whose staff in Gaul he was about to join. When, a few months later, he was stationed with Caesar, he was involved in another literary affair, this time concerning his brother who wrote to him, inquiring about his autobiographical De temporibus suis : quo modo nam, mi frater, de nostris versibus Caesar? nam primum librum se legisse scripsit ad me ante, et prima sic ut neget se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse; reliqua ad quendam locum ῥᾳθυμότeρα (hoc enim utitur verbo). dic mihi verum: num aut res eum aut χαρακτὴρ non delectat? ( Q . fr. 2.15.5)
Population-level virulence factors amongst pathogenic bacteria: relation to infection outcome.

The study of population-level virulence traits among communal bacteria represents an emerging discipline in the field of bacterial pathogenesis. It has become clear over the past decade-and-a-half that bacteria exhibit many of the hallmarks of multicellular organisms when they are growing as biofilms and communicating among each other using quorum- sensing systems. Each of these population-level behaviors provides for multiple expressions of virulence that individual free-swimming bacteria do not possess. Population-level virulence traits are largely associated with chronic or persistant infections, whereas individual bacterial virulence traits are associated with acute infections. Thus, there is a natural dichotomy between acute and chronic infectious processes, which helps to explain the medical community’s success in combating the former, but its utter failure in dealing with the latter. The recent recognition of multicellularity among chronic bacterial pathogens will lead the way towards new multimoda...
Testing the bargaining hypothesis in the manufacturing sector in developing countries

The bargaining power model of HC–MNC (host country–multinational corporation) interaction conceives of economic nationalism in terms of rational self-interest and assumes both inherent conflict and convergent objectives. In extractive industries, there is strong evidence that outcomes are a function of relative bargaining power and that as power shifts to developing HCs over time, the bargain obsolesces. A cross-national study of the bargaining model, using data from 563 subsidiaries of U.S. manufacturing firms in forty-nine developing countries, indicates that while the bargaining framework is an accurate model of MNC–host country relationships, manufacturing is not characterized by the inherent, structurally based, and secular obsolescence that is found in the natural resource industries. Shifts in bargaining power to HCs may take place when technology is mature and global integration limited. In industries characterized by changing technologies and the spread of global integration, the bargain will obsolesce very slowly and the relative power of MNCs may even increase over time.
Data Transmission Using Differential Phase-Shift Keying on a 92 GHz Carrier

Wireless data transmission with binary phase-shift keying modulation encoded on a 92 GHz carrier is achieved using photonic components. A high-speed photodiode is used to convert the doubly-modulated optical signal to a modulated millimeter-wave carrier. A W-band Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a one-bit time delay is used to directly detect the differential phase-shift keyed millimeter-wave wireless signal without the use of a local oscillator. Field tests with antennas separated by 890 m demonstrate the ability to discriminate two phase states for differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK) and four phase states for differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) at data rates of 2.3 Gb/s and 4.6 Gb/s, respectively.
Anti-DNA B cells in MRL/lpr mice show altered differentiation and editing pattern

We have studied the regulation of anti–DNA B cells in transgenic mice with a heavy chain transgene (3H9H/56R). This transgene codes for a heavy chain that forms anti–double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody when paired with most members of the endogenous Vκ repertoire, but certain L chains, referred to as Vκ editors, do not sustain dsDNA binding in combination with 3H9H/56R. In the nonautoimmune 3H9H/56R BALB/c, most B cells generated do not bind DNA because the transgene itself is edited or is associated with a Vκ editor. A minor population of B cells (30%) bind dsDNA and express the λ1 light chain (known to sustain 3H9H/56R DNA binding). These 3H9/56R/λ1 B cells coexpress a κ editor, and we propose that the down-regulation of the anti-DNA BCR caused by the dual L chain expression may prevent activation of this κ/λ population. These κ/λ B cells are sequestered in the marginal zone. Here, we studied the influence of autoimmunity on expression and regulation of 3H9H/56R. In 3H9H/56R MRL/lpr mice, the expression of anti-dsDNA is vastly accelerated. Anti–dsDNA B cells use noneditor κs but, in addition, most anti–dsDNA B cells have edited the heavy chain transgene. λ1 B cells (without the coexpression of a κ editor) are found and the κ/λ1 MZ population is absent. Our results suggest that improper editing and failure to sequester autoreactive B cells may contribute to the breakdown of tolerance in MRL/lpr mice.
Transformative Vocational Education: Bridging Transitions of Underserved Urban Adult Learners

How our culture thinks about particular events as linear, normal, and expected does not always fit with the experiences of every learner, particularly underserved urban adult learners. As adult educators in this context, are there ways we might improve or change our pedagogy of instruction by developing a better understanding of transitional life moments for vocational learners. What is the role of alternative approaches to transformative learning for these learners? Specifically, what is the role of alternative approaches learning for underserved adult learners transitioning into a vocational education classroom, after years of disengagement with formal learning institutions with the need to update their technology skills? In this article, we discuss the need to use alternative conceptions of transformative learning to understand vocational learners as they make decisions to participate in vocational education programs. We explore the key issues for adult educators including implications for practice and research.
Engrailed expression in the anterior lineage compartment of the developing wing blade of Drosophila

The developing wing of Drosophila melanogaster was examined at larval and pupal stages of development to determine whether the anterior-posterior lineage boundary, as identified by lineage restrictions, was congruent with the boundaries defined by the expression of posterior-specific (engrailed, invected), and anterior-specific (cubitus interruptus-D) genes. The lineage boundary was identified by marking mitotic recombinant clones, using an enhancer trap line with ubiquitous beta-gal expression in imaginal tissues; clones of +/+ cells were identified by their lack of beta-gal expression. Domains of gene expression were localized using antibodies and gene specific lacZ constructs. Surprisingly, it was found that engrailed expression extended a small distance into the anterior lineage compartment of the wing blade, as identified with anti-en/inv mAb, anti-en polyclonal antiserum, or an en-promoter-lacZ insert, ryxho25. This anterior expression was not present in early third instar discs, but appeared during subsequent larval and pupal development. In contrast, the expression of cubitus interruptus-D, as identified using the ci-Dplac insert, appeared to be limited to the anterior lineage compartment. Thus, en expression is not limited to cells from the posterior lineage compartment, and en and ci-D activities can overlap in a region just anterior to the lineage compartment boundary in the developing wing. The lineage boundary could also be identified by a line of aligned cells in the prospective wing blade region of wandering third instar discs. A decapentaplegic-lacZ construct was expressed in a stripe several cells anterior to the lineage boundary, and did not define or overlap into the posterior lineage compartment.
Underactuated dynamic three-dimensional bipedal walking

The main contribution of this work is a method for robust stabilization of three-dimensional bipedal walking robots with more than one degree of under-actuation. The general framework we previously developed for stabilization of periodic orbits for hybrid systems with impact effects is shown to be applicable to three-dimensional under-actuated bipedal robots. It is shown how periodic solutions for the hybrid dynamical equations describing three-dimensional under-actuated bipedal robots can be found and that these periodic solutions (walking gaits) can be robustly stabilized if a certain semi-definite program can be solved. The fact that the robust control synthesis problem can be cast as a semi-definite program implies that computationally efficient linear matrix inequality (LMI) solvers can be used to find the controllers. We demonstrate the methodology through the simulations on a five-link spatial biped with two degrees of under-actuation
TRF2 and the evolution of the bilateria

The development of a complex body plan requires a diversity of regulatory networks. Here we consider the concept of TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) family proteins as "system factors" that each supports a distinct set of transcriptional programs. For instance, TBP activates TATA-box-dependent core promoters, whereas TBP-related factor 2 (TRF2) activates TATA-less core promoters that are dependent on a TCT or downstream core promoter element (DPE) motif. These findings led us to investigate the evolution of TRF2. TBP occurs in Archaea and eukaryotes, but TRF2 evolved prior to the emergence of the bilateria and subsequent to the evolutionary split between bilaterians and nonbilaterian animals. Unlike TBP, TRF2 does not bind to the TATA box and could thus function as a new system factor that is largely independent of TBP. We postulate that this TRF2-based system served as the foundation for new transcriptional programs, such as those involved in triploblasty and body plan development, that facilitated the evolution of bilateria.
Right ovarian vein aneurysm.

Right ovarian vein aneurysm is a rare abnormality; we know of only 1 case previously described in the modern radiologic literature. 1 We present the case of a patient after orthotopic liver transplantation because of hepatocellular carcinoma on a background of alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis who on post-transplantation color duplex sonography had findings that were interpreted as an inferior vena cava (IVC) pseudoaneurysm. The final diagnosis of a right ovarian vein aneurysm was made during surgical exploration.
Using computers in empirical and theoretical work in cognitive psychology

This article presents some of the issues I have faced in setting up my own laboratory system for research in cognitive psychology. First, for real-time subject testing systems, criteria for choosing hardware and software are presented along with a brief discussion of benchmarks. Stimulus generation and data analysis choices are also discussed. Second, choices of software for data analysis and data exploration are presented, including graphical presentation, statistics, and modeling tools. Third, some consideration is given to benchmarking workstations to be used in modeling (neural modeling in particular), and benchmarks of some of the fastest single processor systems available are presented. Fourth, two examples of the use of the various theoretical tools are given—one for testing compound cue models of priming, and the other for testing global memory models.