cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deepening Prose Comprehension by Incremental Free Text Conceptual Graph Mining and Knowledge

Deepening prose comprehension involves understanding the relation among the prose concepts and reading external references. In this paper, we propose an interesting system which mimics the human reading process. Given a prose, the system discovers the relevant parts from relevant references that connect and illuminate a set of learnable concepts from the prose by adding new familiarity meaningful knowledge paths among them. We present a computational evaluation model to measure the acquired knowledge and the prose learning process by the system. We present an experiment, which uses Wikipedia articles as an external reference consultations to comprehend prose. The performance analysis shows that the system succeeded in connecting the concepts by discovering the relation among them and increases the learning process on prose comprehension.
The European Witch-Hunt

Witchcraft and witch-trials in early modern Europe have garnered an enormous amount of scholarly attention. Sitting atop that historiographical mountain are no small number of surveys and syntheses...
Safety of Neem Formulations Vis-a-Vis Insecticides to Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter, a Predator of Brown Planthoppers Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) in Rice Crop

A greenhouse study was carried out to test the safety of commonly available neem formulations to the mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter, an effective and widely distributed predator of brown planthopper, compared to that of recommended insecticides in rice. Neemgold at 0.5 per cent and Neemax at 2.0 per cent were safe causing 26.7 and 33.3 per cent mortality, respectively, after 72h exposure; whereas cent per cent mortality was recorded in insecticidal treatments within 24h of exposure.
Reconfigurable Mesh Algorithms For Fundamental Data Manipulation Operations

Reconfigurable mesh (RMESH) algorithms for several fundamental operations are developed. These operations include data broadcast, prefix sum, data sum, ranking, shift, data accumulation, consecutive sum, adjacent sum, sorting, random access read, and random access write.
Art into data | engineering WImBo

The Watermark Imaging Box (WImBo) Project is an inter-institutional collaboration to develop a low-cost, portable system for imaging watermarks and chain lines in papers, with a special focus on the prints of Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606–1669) and his pupils. Watermarks, and associated chain lines, can provide scholars with important information about the origins of prints and their interrelationships. Significant effort has been devoted to the characterization of these attributes, yielding valuable insights for art historians, museum curators, and private collectors. However, existing methods have limitations that inhibit widespread application. WImBo aims to address these challenges through the development of a low-cost, easily used, portable system for imaging watermarks and chain lines in paper — an imaging “box” delivered to collections of any scale, enabling them to rapidly produce repeatable image data from their print collections. These data, shared and networked, not only would provide a more comprehensive catalog of existing watermarks but also a dataset for the development of automatic classification schemes. This strategy is built on the success of related challenges in the emergent field of computational art history. These key antecedent projects provide a context for the WImBo engineering design process.
Genetics of Polyoma Virus and Simian Virus 40

Polyoma virus and simian virus 40 (SV40) are the smallest known tumor viruses. Their genomes are double-stranded circular DNA molecules, approximately 3.4 × 106 daltons in molecular weight, sufficient to code for the synthesis of approximately 200,000 daltons of protein. Infection of cells by polyoma and SV40 results in alterations in cell growth properties, sometimes leading to malignancy. Cells having altered growth properties are referred to as “transformed” or “neoplastic,” and the process which leads to the acquisition of new growth properties is called “cell transformation.” It should be emphasized that viral genes are not the only determinants of altered cell growth properties. Cellular genes and regulatory systems are major factors in the emergence of a malignant cell from a normal population. Therefore, a description of cell transformation by tumor viruses necessarily requires an understanding of the interaction between viral and cellular regulatory systems.
Capturing and Analyzing Injection Processes with Point of Act System for Improving Quality and Productivity of Health Service Administration

The objective of this paper is to show process data captured with barcode administration system and the results of data analyses and visualizations for improving quality of care and productivity. Hospital Information System named Point-of-Act System that was designed to capture every process of all medical acts was employed to capture data of medical processes. Data of injection process was analyzed based on operative timeliness. The result shows nursing workload didn’t be allocated equally through the day and some parts of injections hadn’t been administrated at the right time. Improving operative timeliness can contribute to improve quality of care and productivity. This kind of process information has a possibility to provide new research opportunity to analyze outcome with context information including process information.
Using entrepreneurial social infrastructure to understand smart shrinkage in small towns.

Abstract Population loss in North America is often viewed as a problem best addressed through economic development efforts promoting growth. In Europe, an alternative view sees depopulation as a process needing to be managed properly, by scaling down community services and infrastructure while maintaining social equity. Called smart shrinkage, this approach argues places can lose population yet still possess a high quality of life. We first clarify the concept by distinguishing the outputs of smartness from its inputs using the entrepreneurial social infrastructure framework. Second, we apply the smart shrinkage concept to n = 98 small towns in the Midwestern state of Iowa using longitudinal data collected in 1994 and 2014. Shrinkage is measured by faster than average population loss; and smart outcomes by faster than average quality of life gains. We then examine correlates of smart shrinkage using demographic, economic, social capital, and civic engagement indicators. Demographic and geographic factors have little impact on smart shrinkage. Smart towns have stronger local labor markets, lower poverty and inequality, and job opportunities in goods-producing sectors. Lastly, smart shrinking towns exhibit higher social infrastructure by possessing more bridging social capital across diverse groups, greater quantities of linking social capital such as memberships in local organizations, and frequent civic engagement by participation in local projects. These activities are supported by a community culture of openness, tolerance, and support.
Scalable Thompson Sampling via Optimal Transport

Thompson sampling (TS) is a class of algorithms for sequential decision-making, which requires maintaining a posterior distribution over a reward model. However, calculating exact posterior distributions is intractable for all but the simplest models. Consequently, how to computationally-efficiently approximate a posterior distribution is a crucial problem for scalable TS with complex models, such as neural networks. In this paper, we use distribution optimization techniques to approximate the posterior distribution, solved via Wasserstein gradient flows. Based on the framework, a principled particle-optimization algorithm is developed for TS to approximate the posterior efficiently. Our approach is scalable and does not make explicit distribution assumptions on posterior approximations. Extensive experiments on both synthetic data and large-scale real data demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed methods.
Thermoelastic/Ablatic Laser Generated Ultrasound in Graphite/Polymer Composites Detected with a Cfp-Based System in Reflection Configuration

A laser-based system was used to study thermoelastic (TE) and ablative (AB) ultrasonic generation mechanisms in graphite/polymer composites. When laser pulses of sufficiently low energy are incident on the sample, elastic waves are generated by the thermal expansion which accompanies absorption of the laser energy. At higher amplitudes, where the laser energy is high enough to melt and vaporize material in the sample, elastic waves are also generated by an ablative process. Thermoelastic and ablative ultrasound generation are described in the literature [1]. A review article by Srinivasan [2] includes excellent photographs of ablation of pure polymers.
195 AWARENESS ENHANCEMENT OF RESOURCES FOR SMOKING CESSATION IN UNALASKA, ALASKA.

The State of Alaska has one of the highest rates of tobacco use in the country, and the community of Unalaska is no exception. The objective of this project was twofold: (1) to increase community awareness of resources available for tobacco cessation and (2) to train the clinic9s health care providers about how to engage patients in meaningful dialogue regarding tobacco cessation and to use resources available to help create successful cessation plans with patients. To enhance community awareness of tobacco cessation, several approaches were taken. Patient education materials regarding tobacco use and cessation were ordered from the State of Alaska9s Tobacco Quitline to place in the community clinic. A flyer was developed to distribute throughout the community with information about local tobacco cessation resources, including the State Quitline and the community clinic. Also, an article was written on the subject and submitted to the local newspaper. To enhance provider awareness of tobacco cessation resources and how to effectively use them, a training workshop was conducted for the clinic9s health care providers. The workshop emphasized (1) engaging patients in meaningful dialogue about tobacco use through motivational interviewing and (2) effectively using the State Quitline, nicotine replacement therapy, and bupropion to help patients create a successful cessation plan. In the days after carrying out the project, community members were observed reading the flyers and patient education materials. In addition, the health care providers at the clinic began engaging patients about their tobacco use more frequently and implemented elements of the training workshop.
Information Across the Ecological Hierarchy

The ecosystem is a theatre upon which is presented, in various degrees and at differing scales, a drama of constraint and information vs. disorganization and entropy. Concerning biology, most think immediately of genomic information. It strongly constrains the form and behavior of individual species, but its influence upon community structure is indeterminate. At the community level, information acts as a formal cause behind regular patterns of development. Community structure is an amalgam of information and entropy, and the Gibbs–Boltzmann formula departs from the thermodynamic sense of entropy. It measures only the extreme that entropy might reach if the elements of the system were completely independent. A closer analogy to physical entropy in systems with interactions is the conditional entropy—the amount by which the Shannon measure is reduced after the information in the constraints among elements has been subtracted. Finally, at the whole ecosystem level, in communities that inhabit mostly fixed physical environments (e.g., landscapes or seabeds), the distributions of plants and animals appear to be independent both of causal mechanisms and trophic controls, and assume instead forms that maximize the overall entropy of dispersal.
Play memory essay

When I was about 7 years old, I traveled back to Lagos, Nigeria with my mother. My family and I had moved from Nigeria to the United States when I was 4 years old; the reason being my dad felt that...
Selective adsorption removal of carbonyl molecular foulants from real fast pyrolysis bio-oils

Abstract A novel sorbent-based separation process has been developed to selectively remove target molecules from the real fast pyrolysis (FP) pine bio-oils. Specifically, zeolitic molecular sieves and functionalized polymeric resins were found to effectively reduce carbonyl content and carboxylic acid number of a real pine fast pyrolysis bio-oils, therefore enhance bio-oil stability and preserve down-stream catalyst. Our results provide the first-time evidence on the potential effectiveness of sorption technology strategy for dealing with real FP bio-oils, reducing the carbonyl-rich FP oils from 7.5 mmol g−1 down to 4 mmol g−1 at 40 °C, which has potential to enable bio-oil stabilization and enhance operation stability for down-stream upgrading/hydrotreating processes.
Evidence for macromolecular crowding as a direct apoptotic stimulus.

ABSTRACT Potassium loss and persistent shrinkage have both been implicated in apoptosis but their relationship and respective roles remain controversial. We approached this problem by clamping intracellular sodium and potassium in HeLa or MDCK cells using a combination of ionophores. Although ionophore treatment caused significant cell swelling, the initial volume could be restored and further reduced by application of sucrose. The swollen cells treated with ionophores remained viable for at least 8 h without any signs of apoptosis. Application of sucrose and the resulting shrinkage caused volume-dependent intrinsic apoptosis with all its classical features: inversion of phosphatidylserine, caspase activation and Bcl-2-dependent release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. In other experiments, apoptosis was induced by addition of the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine at various degrees of swelling. Our results show that: (1) persistent shrinkage can cause apoptosis regardless of intracellular sodium or potassium composition or of the state of actin cytoskeleton; (2) strong potassium dependence of caspase activation is only observed in swollen cells with a reduced density of cytosolic proteins. We conclude that macromolecular crowding can be an important factor in determining the transition of cells to apoptosis.
Patterns of Use of Induction Therapy for T2N0 Esophageal Cancer

Background Induction therapy for patients with cT2N0M0 esophageal cancer is controversial. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of the National Cancer Database to examine the patterns of use of induction therapy for this population. Methods The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with cT2N0M0 esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy (2004-2015). Patients were stratified by upfront surgery or induction therapy. Overall survival was analyzed and a multivariable logistic regression performed to identify factors associated with receipt of induction therapy. Results Overall 2540 patients met study criteria: 1177 (46%) received upfront esophagectomy and 1363 (53%) received induction therapy. Patients receiving induction therapy were more likely to be younger, male, without comorbidities, privately insured, and treated at a nonacademic center. These patients were also less likely to be treated in highest volume surgery centers. In multivariable regression, factors independently associated with receipt of induction therapy included later year of diagnosis, increasing tumor size, and increasing tumor grade. Factors associated with upfront esophagectomy included advancing age, comorbidities, lack of insurance, geographic location, and highest volume centers. The receipt of induction chemotherapy was not associated with a survival benefit compared with no induction therapy. Conclusions Several patient-, treatment center–, and tumor-related factors are associated with receipt of induction therapy for cT2N0M0 esophageal cancer, although induction therapy is not associated with a survival benefit. Further inquiry into these differences and the potential benefit or lack thereof of induction therapy should be conducted to provide more equitable and appropriate care for patients with esophageal cancer.
Exterior Tensor Powers and Exterior Algebras

In this chapter we consider alternating (also called skew-symmetric) multilinear maps and exterior tensor powers (also called alternating tensor powers), denoted \(\bigwedge ^n(E)\). In many respects alternating multilinear maps and exterior tensor powers can be treated much like symmetric tensor powers, except that sgn(σ) needs to be inserted in front of the formulae valid for symmetric powers.
The role of culture and collective intelligence in online global trolling: the case of trolling Trump’s inauguration speech

This study examines the online collective process of global trolling of Donald Trump’s inauguration speech. The goal is to identify global trolling behaviors, patterns of global CI, and the role th...
The Effects of Social Disorganization Mechanisms: Examining the Influence of Community-Level Factors on Recidivism Across Various Correctional Programs:

Prior research on various correctional sanctions has sought to explain variation in recidivism. The goal of the current study was to examine whether social disorganization mechanisms, such as resid...
ABSOLUTE ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCE RATIO AND THE ATOMIC WEIGHT OF CHLORINE

An absolute value is obtained for the isotopic abundance ratio of natural chlorine by surface emission mass spectrometry and by the use of calibration samples of known isotopic composition prepared from nearly pure separated chlorine isotopes. Mass spectrometric data obtained on two instruments result in a absolute value for the ratio, Previous workers have observed no variation in isotopic abundance greater than 0·1 per cent of the isotope ratio among naturally occurring materials and minerals. The calculated atomic weight of chlorine on the recently proposed unified physical and chemical atomic weight scale (12C = 12) is The indicated uncertainties are over-all limits of error based on 95 per cent confidence limits for the mean and on allowances for effects of known sources of possible systematic error. Mass spectrometric determinations of the atomic weights of chlorine and silver give a combining weight ratio, Cl/Ag = 0·3286671.
Twenty-Year Review of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites at Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc. (2007-01-1017)

More than twenty years have passed since we invented polymer–clay nanocomposites (PCN), in which only a few wt.-% of silicate is randomly and homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix. When molded, these nanocomposites show superior properties compared to pristine polymers such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, heat distortion temperature, gas barrier property, and so on. The number of papers on PCN has increased rapidly in recent years, reaching over 500 only in 2005. As the pioneers of the new technology, we will review its history highlighting our works. Epoch-making events of PCN are as follows: In 1985, The first PCN, nylon 6–clay hybrid (NCH), was invented. In 1987, NCH was first presented at the ACS Fall Meetings. In 1989, NCH was presented at the MRS Fall Meetings, firing PCN. In 1989, Toyota launched cars equipped with a NCH part. In 1996, Clay was found to cause a memory effect in liquid crystals. In 1997, Gilman of NIST et al. found revolutionary fire retardency in NCH. In 1997, PP-clay nanocomposite was prepared. In 1998, Compounding method for producing NCH was established. In 2002, Haraguchi of Kawamura Institute of Chemical Research et al. invented a nanocomposite hydrogel. So far only nylon-clay nanocomposites are used in practice, but other PCN will become increasingly useful in the future.
A Little Language for Testing

The difficulty of writing test harnesses is a major obstacle to the adoption of automated testing and model checking. Languages designed for harness definition are usually tied to a particular tool and unfamiliar to programmers; moreover, such languages can limit expressiveness. Writing a harness directly in the language of the software under test (SUT) makes it hard to change testing algorithms, offers no support for the common testing idioms, and tends to produce repetitive, hard-to-read code. This makes harness generation a natural fit for the use of an unusual kind of domain-specific language (DSL). This paper defines a template scripting testing language, TSTL, and shows how it can be used to produce succinct, readable definitions of state spaces. The concepts underlying TSTL are demonstrated in Python but are not tied to it.
Stochastic Frontier Analysis: The Estimation of Efficiency Change and Productivity Change

INTRODUCTION Productivity change occurs when an index of outputs changes at a different rate than an index of inputs does. Two questions immediately arise. First, how can productivity change be measured? Second, what are the sources of measured productivity change? Diewert (1992) has answered the first question. Productivity change can be calculated using index number techniques to construct a superlative Fisher (1922) or Tornqvist (1936) productivity index. Both indexes require quantity and price information, as well as assumptions concerning the structure of technology and the behavior of producers, but neither requires the estimation of anything. Productivity change can also be calculated using nonparametric techniques, or estimated using econometric techniques, to construct what has come to be known as a Malmquist (1953) productivity index. These latter techniques do not require price information or technological and behavioral assumptions, but they do require calculation or estimation of a representation of production technology. Thus information on the structure of the technology that generates the quantity data can serve as a substitute for price data and assumptions. A disadvantage of index number techniques is that they do not provide an answer to the second question, whereas nonparametric techniques and econometric techniques do. Although nonparametric techniques and econometric techniques are capable of providing answers to both questions, only the econometric approach is capable of doing so in a stochastic environment. In this chapter we show how to use econometric techniques to estimate the magnitude of productivity change, and then to decompose estimated productivity change into its various sources.
Voter Learning in State Primary Elections

When voters learn about candidates' issue positions during election campaigns, does it affect how they vote? This basic question about voters remains unanswered in part because of a methodological obstacle: learning candidates' issue positions may influence not only voters' vote choice but also their issue positions. To surmount this obstacle, we attempt to answer this question by examining statewide primary elections, which are arguably less vulnerable to this reverse causation problem because they lack partisan cues and are of much lower salience than presidential elections. Using both existing polling data and our own panel Internet surveys, we find that voters learn about the ideologies of candidates during statewide primary campaigns and that this learning affects their voting decisions in senate and gubernatorial primaries. We fail to find similar results for down-ballot primaries, raising questions about voters' ability to make informed judgments for these types of elections.
Relationships of the Pachydactylus rugosus group of geckos (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae)

We examined phylogenetic relationships of the Pachydactylus rugosus complex using DNA sequence data from segments of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome b and 16S ribosomal RNA. These molecular data support the contention that members of the rugosus complex, as defined by McLachlan (1979), form a monophyletic group. Further, high levels of sequence divergence observed between currently recognized subspecies (19.1–26.8 % for cytb), even across short geographic distances, support elevation of each member to full specific rank. The pattern of relationship within the P. rugosus complex species is P. rugosus (P. barnardi, P. formosus). Sequence data provide no evidence to support a close relationship between these taxa and P. capensis, to which previous workers had assigned both P. formosus and P. barnardi.
Is hepato-imino diacetic acid scan a better imaging modality than abdominal ultrasound for diagnosing acute cholecystitis?

Abstract Background The role of hepato-imino diacetic acid scan (HIDA) in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis remains controversial when compared with the more commonly used abdominal ultrasound (AUS). Methods The diagnostic imaging workup of 1,217 patients who presented to the emergency department at a single hospital with acute abdominal pain and suspicion of acute cholecystitis was reviewed to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of AUS and HIDA. Results In patients undergoing both imaging modalities, HIDA had significantly higher sensitivity (90.7% vs 64.0%, P P = .005) than AUS for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Additionally, PPV and NPV of HIDA (56.2% and 95.0%, respectively) were higher than PPV and NPV of AUS (38.4% and 80.0%, respectively) when both imaging modalities were used for the same patient. Conclusion In adults with acute abdominal pain, HIDA significantly increases the accuracy of the correct diagnosis.
Quantitation of Beta Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol by Densitometric Evaluation of Disc Electropherograms

This paper describes a rapid, facile, and accurate new procedure for determination of marginal Type IV or Type II hyperlipoproteinemias, in which discontinuous (disc) electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel is used to quantitate LDL (beta) cholesterol without ultracentrifugation. Fasting sera, previously assayed by ultracentrifugation and chemical technique, were prestained with Sudan Black, and the lipoproteins were separated by disc electrophoresis. The beta-lipoprotein fraction of each electrophoretic pattern was quantitated by densitometry. The values for the integrated densitometric peak areas for the beta fraction and the chemically assayed cholesterol of the ultracentrifuged LDL fraction correlated well ( r = .90). Results were determined from a curve relating chemical concentration of the integrated peak values by densitometry to the known LDL cholesterol of a series of standards.
SGMOS: a student-oriented program for the microcomputer simulation of submicron-geometry MOSFETs

In order to enable students to simulate submicron-geometry MOSFETs, we have developed a student-oriented and microcomputer-efficient program called SGMOS which can be used to study the short channel, the narrow width, the inverse narrow width and the velocity saturation effects arising from the miniaturization of the MOSFETs. >
ULTRASONIC WAVE PROPAGATION STUDIES IN ANISOTROPIC PLATES WITH BUILT-IN MATERIAL DEGRADATION

Anomalies of several kind are often found unavoidable during the manufacturing process of 0fiber reinforced composite parts. Several ultrasonic wave propagation and feature based signal analysis techniques can be found for characterizing these defects. Such methods are currently established on a problem to problem basis. Hence, the NDE methods are unable to keep up with the rapidly progressing materials technology and there is a need for a quick turnaround generalized method for anomaly modeling and experimental simulation to physically study the anomaly influence process on the ultrasonic signal. This paper addresses issues regarding the emerging new methods of ultrasonics oblique incidence techniques for the non-destructive evaluation of anisotropic plates. In this paper, efforts on theoretical modeling of imperfect composite structures, with in-built anomalies, have been attempted. Some of the common types of anomalies which can be considered, includes micro and macro porosity, fiber fraction changes, fiber mis-orientation, improper lay-up, interfacial weakness, improper curing, etc..
The EPR Experiment: A Prelude to Bohr’s Reply to EPR

Bohr’s (1935) reply to Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen’s (EPR’s) (1935) argument for the incompleteness of quantum theory is notoriously difficult to unravel. It is so diffcult, in fact, that over 60 years later, there remains important work to be done understanding it. Work by Fine (1986), Beller and Fine (1994), and Beller (1999) goes a long way towards correcting earlier misunderstandings of Bohr’s reply. This essay is intended as a contribution to the program of getting to the truth of the matter, both historically and philosophically. In a paper of this length, a full account of Bohr’s reply is impossible, and so I shall focus on one issue where it seems further clarification is required, namely, Bohr’s attempt to illustrate EPR’s argument by means of a thought experiment. In addition, I shall attempt to clarify a few other points which, however minor, have apparently contributed to misunderstandings of Bohr’s position. As the title of this paper suggests, an account of these few points does not constitute an account of Bohr’s reply, but it is an important step in that direction.
MOF crystal growth: UV resonance Raman investigation of metal–ligand binding in solution and accelerated crystal growth methods

Determining the mechanism of metal–organic framework (MOF) crystal growth is important for the development of more efficient and reliable synthetic methods. Resonance Raman spectroscopy has been used for the first time to detect interactions in solution between metal ions and bridging ligands as MOFs form. UV excitation (229 nm) produced strong resonance enhancement of 4,4′-bipyridine (bpy) vibrational bands and showed that soluble Co2+-bpy species formed in solution prior to the growth of MOF crystals from bpy and Co(NO3)2. The results of the Raman experiments informed the development of faster methods for synthesizing [Co2(bpy)3(NO3)4]n 2D bilayer and [Co(bpy)(NO3)2(H2O)2]n 1D chain MOFs.
Towards Generating Essence Kernels Using Genetic Algorithms

Abstract The Software Engineering Method and Theory (SEMAT) community created the Essence kernel as a unifying framework for describing and analyzing software engineering endeavors. The Essence kernel is based upon human experience and judgment, not empirical data. Background At Carnegie Mellon University in Silicon Valley, we have collected data from masters of science in software engineering students as they complete a team-based project course as their capstone or practicum project using the Essence kernel. Each week, the team recorded their progress in an Essence Reflection meeting. This data serves as training data for evaluating the Essence kernel and alternative candidate kernels. Objective Generate candidate replacement kernels by using a fitness function based on empirical data. Method Using genetic programming, the kernel genotype is represented as a collection of linear state machines each with a collection of unique checklist items. Operations to evolve the genotypes include randomly moving checklist items, splitting states, and deleting states by moving their checklist items to other states. Results Genetic programming created random candidate essence kernels that scored higher fitness scores than the original essence kernel. The purpose of this exploratory work is to demonstrate one way to generate a candidate Essence kernel directly from empirical data, not to recommend a replacement for the original Essence kernel. Reducing the Essence kernel from seven alphas to one alpha results in higher fitness scores. Limitations Given the limited amount of data, the generated kernels may be over-optimized. Additional empirical data is required before recommending replacing the original kernel with a candidate kernel that fits the data. Conclusion The original Essence kernel is highly structured around human notions of order. Genetic algorithms can generate candidate kernels that humans might not normally consider. Based on the analysis of the fitness function, a kernel with a fundamentally different structure might more effectively recommend next steps for a team during Essence Reflection Meetings.
“You Cannot Measure a Tzuultaq'a”: Cultural Politics at the Limits of Liberal Legibility

: In the past two decades, many Latin American nations emerged from twin crises of debt and dictatorship towards an uncertain marriage of fragile democracies and neoliberal policies. The focus of this article is on recognition for a limited set of rights for indigenous peoples known as neoliberal multiculturalism. Through a case study of a sacred place declaration by Q’eqchi’ Maya activists in rural Guatemala, I show the limits of liberal legibility. If an organized group in struggle engaged with the neoliberal state on its terms, their goals and actions would necessarily be circumscribed to its limited scope for recognition. In this case, however, multicultural neoliberalism did not encompass the full spectrum of Q’eqchi’ political activism. I argue that Q’eqchi’ cultural politics goes beyond neoliberal limits, using spirituality and territoriality to signal a broader politics of transfiguration.
Self-consistent pseudopotential calculation for the (111) surface of aluminum

Abstract The electronic structure of the (111) surface of aluminum is calculated using self-consistent pseudopotentials. Surface states are identified and the (111) work function calculated. The behavior of the total charge density and potential near the surface is displayed and discussed. Self-consistency is found to be of crucial importance.
Behavioral sexology: Ten cases of genetic male intersexuality with impaired prenatal and pubertal androgenization

Ten patients with the 46,XY chromosome constitution and partial androgen insensitivity were born with hermaphroditic, incompletely differentiated genitalia, more female-looking than male. On was reared as a girl, one as a hermaphroditic girl, and eight as boys, one of them reassigned from girl to boy at age two. The gender identity in each case differentiated concordantly with rearing as masculine, feminine, or ambivalent. Vigorous and competitive energy expenditure was neglected in childhood, except in two boys striving to succeed. Dominance assertion, leadership, and offensive attack were absent, but defensive fighting in boyhood sometimes occurred. Eroticism was heterosexually concordant with the sex of rearing, thus failing to support a simple or exclusive hormonal hypothesis in the etiology of homosexuality. The function and reaction threshold of the visual image in erotic dreams and erotic arousal, as compared with touch, seemed to correspond more closely with the eroticism of normal females than with that of normal males. Orgasm was variously reported as gradual or as a spasmic peak of feeling and, in some cases, without fluid discharge. Rehearsal of parentalism was not prominent in the play of the eight reared as boys and was variable in the adult ambitions of all ten patients. Psychopathology was conspicuous by its rarity. Occupational achievement was high and commensurate with IQ. There was probably a selection bias in favor of high IQ. The tendency to verbal vs. nonverbal superiority may be a function of high IQ rather than of sexual dimorphism. The Human Figure Drawing Test accurately reflected gender identity.
Promising Ourselves, Promising Others

Promising ourselves is familiar, yet some find it philosophically troubling. Though most of us take the promises we make ourselves seriously, it can seem mysterious how a promise made only to oneself could genuinely bind. Moreover, the desire to be bound by a promise to oneself may seem to expose an unflattering lack of trust in oneself. In this paper I aim to vindicate self-promising from these broadly skeptical concerns. Borrowing Nietzsche’s idea of a memory of the will, I suggest that self-promising involves an activity of the will, aimed at the preservation and protection of one’s values. I explain how, understood in this way, these promises can indeed bind, and show that the motivation for making them need not involve mistrust or other alienated attitudes. I then turn to interpersonal promising, arguing that this same activity of the will is required for sincerely promising others: in effect, making a sincere promise to another requires making a promise to oneself. Attention to this under-appreciated aspect of interpersonal promising enriches our understanding of all promises, and helps to correct a narrow and distorted picture of what it means to be bound.
Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy, ed 4

Lippert LS. Philadelphia, PA 19103, FA Davis Co, 2006, paperback, 351 pp, illus, ISBN: 978-0-8036-1243-5, $42.95. The fourth edition of Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy continues the tradition of outlining a basic foundation of kinesiology and anatomy for students. However, this edition expands the examples, activities, and exercises originally employed by previous editions to a larger audience, to include students of physical therapy, occupational therapy, athletic training, and massage therapy. It is written in a clear and simple, easy-to-follow format, and contains illustrations that help clarify the content. The text is well organized and divided into 5 major …
Coupling a single quantum dot to a photonic molecule

We demonstrate the strong coupling regime between a quantum dot and the two super-modes of a photonic molecule consisting of a pair of proximity-coupled photonic crystal cavities.
Intramitochondrial localization of fumarate reductase, NADPH----NAD transhydrogenase, 'malic' enzyme and fumarase in adult Hymenolepis diminuta.

Abstract The intramitochondrial localization of the fumarate reductase, NADPH→NAD transhydrogenase, ‘malic’ enzyme and fumarase was determined in adult Hymenolepis diminuta. The distribution of marker enzymes for the inner membrane, matrix, intermembrane space and outer membrane of H. diminuta mitochondria simulated that of the corresponding ascarid and mammalian organelles. The electron transport-coupled fumarate reductase and the NADPH→NAD transhydrogenase were components of the inner membrane whereas the ‘malic’ enzyme and fumarase were in the matrix soluble compartment. Assessments of NADH utilization, malate-dependent NADP reduction and NADPH→NAD transhydrogenation by presumedly intact and disrupted mitochondria supported the localization data. The findings presented indicate that in H. diminuta mitochondria (a) NADPH and fumarate are accumulated within the matrix compartment; (b) transhydrogenation between NADPH and NAD is an event associated with the matrix side of the inner membrane; and (c) electron transport-dependent NADH oxidation and fumarate reduction occur at sites on the matrix side of the inner membrane.
III.—Descriptions and records of bees.—VII

(1906). III.—Descriptions and records of bees.—VII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 17, No. 97, pp. 23-29.
Ultrastructure of the integumental melanophores of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri.

The integumental melanophores of Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, were examined by light and electron microscopy and found to possess essentially the same structural characteristics observed in other vertebrates. The epidermal melanophores are located in the intermediate epidermis and possess round perikarya and slender dendrites extending into nearby intercellular spaces. The dermal melanophores are found immediately below the basement membrane as well as in the deeper dermis. These cells possess flattened nuclei and dendrites running parallel to the basement membrane. Each melanophore contains numerous oval or elliptical, intensely electron-dense melanosomes, relatively large mitochondria, systems of vacuolar endoplasmic reticulum, groups of free RNP particles, and some microfilaments. Only a few, short microtubules could be demonstrated in the perinuclear cytoplasm of the dermal melanophore, while a relatively large number of late premelanosomes are found both in perikarya and dendritic processes of epidermal melanophores. These premelanosomes exhibit a particulate internal structure in cross section. Both melanosomes and premelanosomes occur singly in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells, thereby confirming the existence of the epidermal melanin unit in the lowest vertebrates thus far examined electron microscopically.
Analysis of target and nontarget pollutants in aqueous leachates from the hazardous waste site Stringfellow, California, via ion chromatography - particle beam and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Abstract Liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry (PB/MS is a powerful tool for the analysis of target pollutants but complementary methods are required for nontarget compounds. Preliminary data are presented on an anion exchange chromatography PB/MS based method for the detection of the target compound 4-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid (a contamlnant found in hazardous waste leachates) and also for nontarget pollutants in aqueous leachate samples from the Stringfellow hazardous waste site in California. Anion exchange chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry yields qualitative and quantltative elemental analysis showing the presence or absence of key heteroatoms in organic pollutants including chlorine, other halogens, phosphorus and sulfur.
Does START triage work? An outcomes assessment after a disaster.

Study objective The mass casualty triage system known as simple triage and rapid treatment (START) has been widely used in the United States since the 1980s. However, no outcomes assessment has been conducted after a disaster to determine whether assigned triage levels match patients' actual clinical status. Researchers hypothesize that START achieves at least 90% sensitivity and specificity for each triage level and ensures that the most critical patients are transported first to area hospitals. Methods The performance of START was evaluated at a train crash disaster in 2003. Patient field triage categories and scene times were obtained from county reports. Patient medical records were then reviewed at all receiving hospitals. Victim arrival times were obtained and correct triage categories determined a priori using a combination of the modified Baxt criteria and hospital admission. Field and outcomes-based triage categories were compared, defining the appropriateness of each triage assignment. Results Investigators reviewed 148 records at 14 receiving hospitals. Field triage designations comprised 22 red (immediate), 68 yellow (delayed), and 58 green (minor) patients. Outcomes-based designations found 2 red, 26 yellow, and 120 green patients. Seventy-nine patients were overtriaged, 3 were undertriaged, and 66 patients' outcomes matched their triage level. No triage level met both the 90% sensitivity and 90% specificity requirement set forth in the hypothesis, although red was 100% sensitive (95% confidence interval [CI] 16% to 100%) and green was 89.3% specific (95% CI 72% to 98%). The Obuchowski statistic was 0.81, meaning that victims from a higher-acuity outcome group had an 81% chance of assignment to a higher-acuity triage category. The median arrival time for red patients was more than 1 hour earlier than the other patients. Conclusion This analysis demonstrates poor agreement between triage levels assigned by START at a train crash and a priori outcomes criteria for each level. START ensured acceptable levels of undertriage (100% red sensitivity and 89% green specificity) but incorporated a substantial amount of overtriage. START proved useful in prioritizing transport of the most critical patients to area hospitals first.
Transitions within Fathering

Researchers and family theorists have emphasized the transition to fatherhood as a critical juncture in men’s development and in their contribution to family well-being through father involvement and physical support. A growing body of theoretical and empirical literature establishes that variability in men’s transitions to fatherhood predicts different trajectories and outcomes regarding father involvement and family well-being. However, little or no discussion focuses on men’s transitions within fatherhood, which we assert to be more important in affecting father, child and family outcomes than characteristics of the initial transition to fatherhood. This paper synthesizes existing theories of fathering and family transitions and expands them to focus on transitions within fathering. By combining existing theories and research findings, we hope to construct a new lens for viewing factors influencing patterns of father involvement across a man’s fathering career. Bringing focus to important transitions within fathering has the potential to generate refined empirical work with the capability for informing parent and family education and support practices.
How practitioners (and others) can make scientifically viable contributions to clinical-outcome research using the single-case time-series design.

Abstract Although clinicians typically possess considerable interest in research, especially about which interventions do and do not work, all too often they dismiss the notion that they themselves can make viable scientific contributions to the outcome literature. This derives from an unfortunate assumption that the only true experiment is a between-groups experiment. There is another form of true experiment that is perfectly compatible with real-world clinical practice: the single-case time-series design. Intensive and systematic tracking of one or a few patients over time can yield viable inferences about efficacy, effectiveness, and, under some circumstances, mechanism of change. This paper describes how clinicians working with hypnosis can carry out such research. The rationale and essential features of time-series studies are outlined; each design is illustrated with actual studies from the hypnosis literature; and new methods of statistical analysis, well within the statistical competence of practi...
Rapid onset of late Paleozoic glaciation on Gondwana: Evidence from Upper Mississippian strata of the Midcontinent, United States

Direct evidence of the late Paleozoic glaciation of Gondwana from glacial deposits suggests that geographically extensive continental glaciation began some time in the Namurian (Late Mississippian). However, the timing and characteristics of the onset of glaciation are poorly understood because of a lack of reliable paleontological control and reworking of initial glacial deposits by subsequent glacial advances. Indirect evidence of glaciation preserved in unconformity-bounded, low-latitude ramp sequences in the Illinois basin, United States, suggests that geographically extensive continental glaciation of Gondwana actually began in the late Visean. An abrupt change from carbonate-dominated sequences bounded by disconformities with little evidence of erosion to mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sequences bounded by unconformities with deep incised valleys was likely produced by a three-fold increase in the magnitude of eustatic sea-level fluctuations. The increase in the magnitude of sea-level fluctuations was likely driven by an equally abrupt increase in ice volume and marks the onset of the geographically extensive late Paleozoic glaciation of Gondwana. A possible explanation for the rapid onset of glaciation is the closing of the equatorial seaway between Laurussia and Gondwana. Closing of this seaway would have led to an abrupt change in oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns that could have initiated major continental glaciation in the Southern Hemisphere.
A note on a model for evasive vehicle movement along a fixed path

A model for a vehicle moving evasively along a fixed path is defined in terms of a two- state semi-Markov process. An important feature of this model is the continuous movement of the vehicle as a function of time. One potential application of this model is the development of a strategy for the deployment of long-range missiles on long underground tracks.
‘Race’, Culture and the Right to the City: Centres, Peripheries, Margins

Gareth Millington embarks on a ‘geohistorical analysis of the sociological reality of the “multicultural” city’ (p. 2) from the nineteenth century to the present in ‘Race’, Culture and the Right to...