cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Limited impact of a multicenter intervention to improve the quality and efficiency of pneumonia care.

Study objectives: To evaluate the impact of a multifactorial intervention to improve the quality, efficiency, and patient understanding of care for community-acquired pneumonia. Design: Times series cohort study. Setting: Four academic health centers in the New York City metropolitan area. Patients or participants: All consecutive adults hospitalized for pneumonia during a 5-month period before (n = 1,013) and after (n = 1,081) implementation of an inpatient quality improvement (QI) initiative. Interventions: A multidisciplinary team of opinion leaders developed evidence-based treatment guidelines and critical pathways, conducted educational sessions with physicians, distributed pocket reminder cards, promoted standardized orders, and developed bilingual patient education materials. Measurements and results: The average age was 71.4 years, and 44.1% of cases were low risk, 36.8% were moderate risk, and 19.2% were high risk. The preintervention and postintervention groups were well matched on age, sex, race, nursing home residence, pneumonia severity, initial presentation, and most major comorbidities. The intervention increased the use of guideline-recommended antimicrobial therapy from 78.1 to 83.4% (p = 0.003). There was also a borderline decrease in the proportion of patients being discharged prior to becoming clinically stable, from 27.0 to 23.5% (p = 0.06). However, there were no improvements in the other targeted indicators, including time to first dose of antibiotics, proportion receiving antibiotics within 8 h, timely switch to oral antibiotics, timely discharge, length of stay, or patient education outcomes. Conclusions: This real-world QI program was able to improve modestly on some quality indicators, but not effect resource use or patient knowledge of their disease. Changing physician and organizational behavior in academic health centers will require the development and implementation of more intensive, system-oriented strategies.
A Post-9/11 Passion: Review of Mel Gibson’s The Passion of the Christ

Gibson’s film extends a long tradition of Euro-American passion plays and martyr dramas, related also to the ritual sacrifice of “god-actors” in other cultures. Yet, the extreme violence of this popular religious movie involves the devotional dangers of cinematic sadomasochism and melodramatic paranoia, with Jews, Romans, and devils as villainous stereotypes–as well as the potential value of tragic catharsis–on a vast scale for today’s mass-media audience, especially in the post-9/11 context.
A Petrov-Galerkin Diffuse Element Method (PG DEM) and its comparison to EFG

The diffuse element method (DEM) pioneered␣by B. Nayroles, G. Touzot and P. Villon is a meshless method for solving partial differential equations. The original version does not pass the patch test. Here an improved version is proposed. This version is based on a Petrov-Galerkin formulation where test functions are required to meet different conditions than trial functions and is labeled here as PG DEM. It is shown that the original DEM derivative approximation is consistent but not integrable; therefore these functions are not suitable as test functions. A set of conditions on test and trial functions is applied. It is shown that the present Petrov-Galerkin (PG DEM) formulation satisfies the patch test and the numerical results show that it exhibits accuracy and rate of convergence superior to the original DEM, while the “stiffness matrix” will be unsymmetric even for self-adjoint problems.
Observations of Size Distributions of Hydrometeors Through the Melting Layer

Abstract Size distributions of snowflakes and raindrops were obtained simultaneously at two altitudes along mountain slopes. The snow size distributions generally agreed with the Gunn and Marshall snowflake distribution, but were sometimes similar to the Marshall and Palmer raindrop distribution. Raindrops sampled just below the melting layer tended to have the same pattern of size distributions as snowflakes appearing at the upper station above the melting layer. The times at which the modes of distribution changed were the same at both stations. The implication is that most of the snowflakes do not break up into several small raindrops during melting.
Acute and chronic effects of barbiturates on depolarization-induced calcium influx into rat synaptosomes

Abstract Depolarization-induced 45 Ca 2+ influx into synaptosomes isolated from nontreated control and acutely treated rats (given 60 mg/kg phenobarbital i.p.) was significantly depressed (54 and 37%, respectively) by an in vitro challenge with pentobarbital, 0.3 mM (final concentration). However, depolarization-induced 45 Ca 2+ influx into synaptosomes isolated from tolerant rats (received dietary phenobarbital, 2.5 mg/g of diet, for 13 days) was not significantly altered when the synaptosomes were challenged with 0.3 mM pentobarbital. This suggests that synaptosomal membranes adapt during chronic exposure to barbiturates to allow for an enhanced Ca 2+ influx subsequent to depolarization. Our data suggest that sedation may, at least in part, occur as a result of depressed stimulus-secretion coupling and that behavioral tolerance to sedation may occur because of the development of membrane tolerance to allow enhanced calcium influx.
Development of a Canine Model of Experimental Emphysema by Intratracheal Instillation of Elastase

216 22nd ASPEN LUNG CONFERENCE CHEST, 77: 2, FEBRUARY, 1980 SUPPLEMENT by alveolar macrophages. Am Rev Respir Dis 117:65, 1978 18 Carp H, Janoff A: Possible mechanisms of emphysema in smokers. In vitro suppression of serum elastase-inhibitory capacity by fresh cigarette smoke and its prevention by antioxidants. Am Rev Respir Dis 118:617-21, 1978 19 Powers JC, Carroll DL, Tuhy P: Synthetic active sitedirected inhibitors of elastolytic proteases. Ann NY Acad SC! 256:420-25 20 Stone PJ, Lucey EC, Calore JD, et al: The moderation of elastase-induced emphysema in hamsters by post-treatment with a chloromethyl ketone elastase inhibitor. Am Rev Respir Dis 119:384, 1979
The effects of fitness functions on genetic programming-based ranking discovery for Web search

Genetic-based evolutionary learning algorithms, such as genetic algorithms (GAs) and genetic programming (GP), have been applied to information retrieval (IR) since the 1980s. Recently, GP has been applied to a new IR task-discovery of ranking functions for Web search-and has achieved very promising results. However, in our prior research, only one fitness function has been used for GP-based learning. It is unclear how other fitness functions may affect ranking function discovery for Web search, especially since it is well known that choosing a proper fitness function is very important for the effectiveness and efficiency of evolutionary algorithms. In this article, we report our experience in contrasting different fitness function designs on GP-based learning using a very large Web corpus. Our results indicate that the design of fitness functions is instrumental in performance improvement. We also give recommendations on the design of fitness functions for genetic-based information retrieval experiments.
Feedback and accountability

This article describes a communications system for planning and carrying out guidance and counseling activities. In the proposed model not only professional team members but also consumers of professional services are regarded as active participants in all phases of guidance, from goal identification through outcome evaluation. The article stresses the importance of an adequate feedback system used by all participants and describes its relationship to counselor accountability.
Avoidance-Trained Rats Do Not “Anticipate” Periodically Scheduled Free Shock

Four rats, trained under a free-operant avoidance schedule, received a response-independent shock (US) every 6 min. Signalled and unsignalled US conditions were given in separate blocks of sessions. Response rate was elevated temporarily following the delivery of the US but was relatively stable over the remainder of the 6-min. period, i.e., unchanged between USs. Only when a signal (CS) preceded US did avoidance change during the US cycle. For two subjects initially given CS-US, impaired avoidance developed during the CS. For the two subjects initially given unsignalled US, inserting the CS led to enhanced avoidance during the CS periods.
The Case of the Disappearing Mexican Americans: An Ethnic-Identity Mystery

We examine the issue of identification stability for U.S.-born Mexican Americans, by far the largest of the ethnic groups growing as a result of contemporary immigration. We demonstrate a significant exodus from the group as identified by the census. Although changes in the wording of the census question may have contributed to this loss, a major portion, as revealed by comparisons of birth cohorts across the 1980, 1990, and 2000 Censuses, occurs because individuals who identified themselves as Mexican American at an earlier point in time do not do so at a later point. In addition, there are exits that occur between generations because of past intermarriage, evident in the number of non-Hispanics who claim Mexican ancestry. The losses appear to be accounted for by two kinds of identity shifts: toward identities that have a mainstream character and thus appear reflect conventional assimilation; and toward identities that have a pan-ethnic character, i.e., with Hispanics or Latinos. These exits are selective, but in complex and partially off-setting ways. Nevertheless, the comparison of the characteristics of U.S.-born members of the Mexican–American group over time is likely to be affected by changing patterns of identification.
Misconception Human Papillomavirus Vaccine and Infertility

Background. This study sought to determine if parents of males express concerns about vaccine-associated infertility (VAI) with the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and to understand the impact of those concerns. Methods. Parents of sons were surveyed to determine VAI concerns. Logistic regression was used to find if parents worried about VAI had lower knowledge of HPV disease, more concern for side effects, lacked information about vaccination, or had lower intention to vaccinate. Results. In all, 39% of parents were worried about VAI. Parents worried about VAI had similar knowledge of HPV compared with other parents. Parents worried about VAI had twice the odds of agreeing the vaccine may cause side effects and agreeing they did not have enough information compared to their counterparts. Parents worried about VAI less often intended to vaccinate sons than other parents. Conclusions. These findings suggest many parents worry about VAI in sons with HPV vaccine.
A decision making procedure for collaborative planning

A team of agents planning to perform a complex task make a number of interrelated decisions as they determine precisely how that complex task will be performed. The decision set includes the choice of recipes and parameters as well as the determination of responsibilities for each agent. This work formally defines a search problem with search operators that correspond to the team planning decisions. It defines rationality for a collaborative team and ensures that a team will abandon performance of a complex task if it is ultimately in its economic best interest to do so. The model respects the constraints on mental states specified by the SharedPlans theory of collaboration.
Start Globally, Optimize Locally, Predict Globally: Improving Performance on Imbalanced Data

Class imbalance is a ubiquitous problem in supervised learning and has gained wide-scale attention in the literature. Perhaps the most prevalent solution is to apply sampling to training data in order improve classifier performance. The typical approach will apply uniform levels of sampling globally. However, we believe that data is typically multi-modal, which suggests sampling should be treated locally rather than globally. It is the purpose of this paper to propose a framework which first identifies meaningful regions of data and then proceeds to find optimal sampling levels within each. This paper demonstrates that a global classifier trained on data locally sampled produces superior rank-orderings on a wide range of real-world and artificial datasets as compared to contemporary global sampling methods.
Bi-factor analyses of the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone.

BACKGROUND: Telephone cognitive batteries are useful for large-scale screening and epidemiological studies, but their brevity and lack of content depth may cause psychometric limitations that hinder their utility. OBJECTIVE: The current study addressed some of these limitations by rescaling the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT; Tun & Lachman, 2006) using modern psychometric methods. METHODS: Archival data were obtained from a national sample of 4,212 28 to 84-year-old volunteers in the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (Ryff et al., 2007) Cognitive Project (Ryff & Lachman, 2007). We fit a bi-factor model to a combination of item-level, subscale-level, and scale-level data. RESULTS: The best fitting model contained a general factor and secondary factors capturing test-specific method effects or residual correlations for Number Series, Red/Green Test, and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Factor scores generated from this model were compared with conventional BTACT scores. Important score differences (i.e., >0.3 standard deviation units) were found in 28% of the sample. The bi-factor scores demonstrated slightly superior validity than conventional BTACT scores when judged against a number of clinical and demographic criterion variables. CONCLUSIONS: Modern psychometric approaches to scoring the BTACT have the benefit of linear scaling and a modest criterion validity advantage.
Occurrence and management of obesity in companion animals

Obesity is the most common malnutrition of pet animals. Risk factors include the pet's age, gender, activity level, owner attitudes toward obesity, and alterations in intrinsic and extrinsic controls of feeding behaviour and differences in resting metabolic rate. The power of clinical nutrition in veterinary practice can be expressed through careful client and pet evaluation and by dispensing proper advice on diet selection and feeding quantity. A weight management programme should be conducted under the direction of the professional veterinarian using scientifically formulated weight reduction diets and a programme of exercise deemed medically appropriate.
Load elimination for low-power embedded processors

The performance requirements of emerging embedded applications are rapidly increasing. One attractive approach to increase the performance of processors, while keeping their energy consumption low, is to utilize instruction-level parallelism. Hence, we are witnessing a significant increase in the number of superscalar embedded processors. In this paper, we present a method to reduce the energy consumption in such processors. Particularly, we will show that a) the load instructions in representative applications exhibit a large address locality, i.e., two consecutive executions of the same load instruction is very likely to access the same data, and b) the register file utilization of these applications are usually low. To take advantage of these observations, we devise a load elimination scheme, which tries to store the data values of load instructions in the register file. Our results with 11 MediaBench applications reveal that this method eliminates 20.5% of all cache accesses, resulting in 11.5% reduction in the energy consumption.
Individual differences in motives, preferences, and pathology in video games: the gaming attitudes, motives, and experiences scales (GAMES)

A new measure of individual habits and preferences in video game use is developed in order to better study the risk factors of pathological game use (i.e., excessively frequent or prolonged use, sometimes called “game addiction”). This measure was distributed to internet message boards for game enthusiasts and to college undergraduates. An exploratory factor analysis identified 9 factors: Story, Violent Catharsis, Violent Reward, Social Interaction, Escapism, Loss-Sensitivity, Customization, Grinding, and Autonomy. These factors demonstrated excellent fit in a subsequent confirmatory factor analysis, and, importantly, were found to reliably discriminate between inter-individual game preferences (e.g., Super Mario Brothers as compared to Call of Duty). Moreover, three factors were significantly related to pathological game use: the use of games to escape daily life, the use of games as a social outlet, and positive attitudes towards the steady accumulation of in-game rewards. The current research identifies individual preferences and motives relevant to understanding video game players’ evaluations of different games and risk factors for pathological video game use.
Free of Detachment: Logic, Rationality, and Gluts

Abstract. I believe that, for reasons elaborated elsewhere (Beall, 2009; Priest, 2006a, 2006b), the logic LP (Asenjo, 1966; Asenjo & Tamburino, 1975; Priest, 1979) is roughly right as far as logic goes.1 But logic cannot go everywhere; we need to provide nonlogical axioms to specify our (axiomatic) theories. This is uncontroversial, but it has also been the source of discomfort forLP-based theorists, particularly with respect to true mathematical theories which we take to be consistent. My example, throughout, is arithmetic; but the more general case is also considered.
Formation of Na 5 s and Na 4 d in Na 3 p — Na 3 p energy-pooling collisions

We report our measurements of the rate constants for formation of Na $4d$ and Na $5s$ in Na $3p$ --- Na $3p$ collisions. The magnitudes of these rate constants indicate that Na $4d$ and Na $5s$ are the preponderant excited atomic products formed; however, the rate constant for $3p\ensuremath{-}3p$ associative ionization, with product $\mathrm{Na}_{2}^{+}$, is about one-hundred times greater.
CRETACEOUS DINOSAUR EXTINCTION.

The reign of dinosaurs, dominant on land for about 150 million years, terminated at the close of the Cretaceous. They did not all disappear at precisely the same moment, but from a peak of about 120 genera near the middle of the period, dwindled in numbers down to the end of Cretaceous at which time a large number of genera became extinct (Newell, 1962; Colbert, 1965, esp. Fig. 6, Table 14). The cause (or causes) of their extinction has long been a problem of major concern to students of earth history, yet a satisfactory explanation has not been found. This report considers the possibility that extinction may have resulted primarily from stresses produced by decreasing equability of climate during the later Cretaceous.
Simulation and Analysis on Knowledge Transfer of Knowledge Networks Based on the Assumption of Human Nature

Based on McCain's hypothetical theory of human nature,scale-free network of complex network theory and the method of simulation analysis,this paper analyses the impact that different distribution of human body makes on the efficiency of knowledge transfer in knowledge networks.And the research also does an analysis on the relationship between different bodies of knowledge,and the influence that human nature has on knowledge transfer when at the first time knowledge transfers.
Reproducing and Reworking Colorblind Racial Ideology: Acknowledging Children’s Agency in the White Habitus

What is the relationship between white children’s interpretations of racial phenomena and dominant racial ideology? Do children passively adopt dominant racial ideological positions, the result of ...
Organizational Learning and Management of Technology

Organizational learning includes processes of creating, retaining and transferring knowledge and has implications for the performance and competitiveness of organizations. Given the knowledge-based view of resources inherent in management of technology (MOT), in this paper, we adopt an organizational learning framework that considers knowledge to be embedded in three major components of organizations – members, tasks and tools – and the networks formed by crossing them. We present research related to these components that is most applicable to MOT. In suggesting future research in MOT, we explicate the framework further by proposing that learning occurs in an organizational context. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Peace and Progress: Building Indo-Soviet Friendship

In his chapter, Jeremiah Wishon explores the foundations of Indian-Soviet “friendship” preceding the signing of the 1971 Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation. Wishon investigates festivals such as Moscow’s 6th World Festival of Youth and Students in 1957 and the 1960 World Agricultural Fair in New Delhi, arguing that these sites of encounter between Indian and Soviet citizens and officials helped pave the way for subsequent diplomatic developments between the two countries. Rather than pointing to diplomatic moments such as the 1952 Indo-Soviet cultural treaty, he articulates a story of foreign relations through group and personal reactions to official state ideologies. Drawing on archival and published material from Russia and India, the contribution focuses on the ways in which the participants in the 1957 festival and the 1960 fair described the impact of these events on their own views of their international partner.
Origins of Patent Exhaustion: Jacksonian Politics, ‘Patent Farming,’ and the Basis of the Bargain

Current conventional wisdom holds that patent exhaustion and copyright first sale—which allow you to buy a patented smartphone or a copyrighted book and use or resell it for any purpose—have longstanding common law bases first referenced in U.S. courts by Chief Justice Taney in the mid-nineteenth century: “when the machine passes to the hands of the purchaser, it is no longer within the limits of the [patent]. It passes outside of it.” The doctrines are at the heart of the modern technology-based economy and have been repeatedly in front of the Supreme Court: first sale in Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; and exhaustion now on appeal in Lexmark International, Inc. v. Impression Products, Inc. Without them, consumers would need to ensure they have all intellectual property permissions needed to use or resell purchased goods, much like the confusion around rights to digital content obtained through the internet. This Article, however, shows the conventional account to be mistaken. Taney’s statement was likely politically driven dicta in a case involving only patent licensees holding franchises to build and operate proprietary retail businesses. There were no sales of goods. But its compelling spatial metaphor was repeated in other opinions until taking on the veneer of longstanding law. Nonetheless it took twenty years for the Court to hold an implied use-only right upon sale of patented goods, and forty years to find a resale right. This Article unpacks the context of Taney’s bootstrapped quote and traces its incremental transformation to show that even when fully formed by 1900 it was simply a default presumption for unconditional sales in which full title in the good passed to the buyer with no right of reversion. Sales subject to express, mutually assented conditions allowed the patentee to pursue patent property-type remedies in appropriate situations, and not just contract remedies. The unifying principle was to enforce the basis of the bargain, especially to protect licensees and purchasers from patentee “gotcha” tactics. Accordingly, the Article advocates a flexible approach to exhaustion rather than a mandatory rule, while giving enhanced scrutiny to consumer transactions, to allow fair, innovative transactions at different price points in the new sharing, goods-as-services, and digital economies. [A substantially revised version of this working paper, "The Damaging Myth of Patent Exhaustion," is posted to SSRN and forthcoming in Volume 28 of the Texas IP Law Journal.]
A survey of electromagnetic — Thermal modeling and design optimization of switched reluctance machines

Switched reluctance machines (SRMs) are gaining interest in the industry and scientific communities owing to the advantages of rigid structures, high reliability, the absence of permanent magnets, robustness, fast dynamic response, and low manufacturing cost. They have become a feasible alternative to conventional electric machines with variable speed drives in many applications. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the status and potential trends of the technology pertinent to the design of SRMs in the following aspects: the mathematical modeling of the electromagnetic and thermal behaviors of SRMs, the enhancement of the performances in terms of torque ripple, efficiency, torque density and acoustic noise, and the multi-objective design optimization. The existing approaches are systematically and comprehensively summarized and compared for each category.
Altered mitochondrial acetylation profiles in a kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy

Abstract Impaired bioenergetics and oxidative damage in the mitochondria are implicated in the etiology of temporal lobe epilepsy, and hyperacetylation of mitochondrial proteins has recently emerged as a critical negative regulator of mitochondrial functions. However, the roles of mitochondrial acetylation and activity of the primary mitochondrial deacetylase, SIRT3, have not been explored in acquired epilepsy. We investigated changes in mitochondrial acetylation and SIRT3 activity in the development of chronic epilepsy in the kainic acid rat model of TLE. Hippocampal measurements were made at 48 h, 1 week and 12 weeks corresponding to the acute, latent and chronic stages of epileptogenesis. Assessment of hippocampal bioenergetics demonstrated a ≥ 27% decrease in the ATP/ADP ratio at all phases of epileptogenesis (p
Nicotine and caffeine intake in complex regional pain syndrome.

UNLABELLED {\it OBJECTIVE } Nicotine and caffeine are vasoconstrictors. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is defined to involve disproportionate pain and autonomic dysfunction [1]. The objectives of this study were to identify the prevalence of smoking and caffeine intake in CRPS, to explore the relationship of pain intensity with smoking and caffeine consumption, and to explore the relationship of pain intensity, anxiety and disability among CRPS patients who smoke, use caffeine, or both. {\it DESIGN } One hundred eleven patients, with CRPS type I or II, from two academic rehabilitation pain clinics were reviewed. Data were collected retrospectively by reviewing CRPS patients' self-reported pain level using visual analogue scales (VAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Pain Disability Index (PDI), and Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS). Status of daily smoking and caffeine consumption were also recorded. {\it RESULTS } Smoking prevalence among CRPS was significant higher than the national average (p 0.430). In patients with CRPS I higher PASS scores were positively associated with dichotomous use of smoking and caffeine (p < 0.05). The PASS scores among patients with CRPS~II were not available for analysis. {\it CONCLUSIONS } The smoking prevalence was higher than the national average among patients with CRPS I and II. Among patients with CRPS~I smoking and caffeine consumption were greater in those who reported more pain-related anxiety, but did not influence pain intensity. The clinical implications of these findings will be discussed.
The effect of hydrocortisone on DNA synthesis and cell division during aging in vitro.

Several years ago, during the course of our studies on lysosomes in aging human diploid cells, we observed a small but consistent increase in the lifespan of cultures grown in the presence of 14μM hydrocortisone (HC).
ALCHEMY: A Language and Compiler for Homomorphic Encryption Made easY

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a cryptographic "holy grail" that allows a worker to perform arbitrary computations on client-encrypted data, without learning anything about the data itself. Since the first plausible construction in 2009, a variety of FHE implementations have been given and used for particular applications of interest. Unfortunately, using FHE is currently very complicated, and a great deal of expertise is required to properly implement nontrivial homomorphic computations. This work introduces ALCHEMY, a modular and extensible system that simplifies and accelerates the use of FHE. ALCHEMY compiles "in-the-clear" computations on plaintexts, written in a modular domain-specific language~(DSL), into corresponding homomorphic computations on ciphertexts---with no special knowledge of FHE required of the programmer. The compiler automatically chooses (most of the) parameters by statically inferring ciphertext noise rates, generates keys and "key-switching hints," schedules appropriate ciphertext "maintenance" operations, and more. In addition, its components can be combined modularly to provide other useful functionality, such logging the empirical noise rates of ciphertexts throughout a computation, without requiring any changes to the original DSL code. As a testbed application, we demonstrate fast homomorphic evaluation of a pseudorandom function~(PRF) based on Ring-LWR, whose entire implementation is only a few dozen lines of simple DSL code. For a single (non-batched) evaluation, our unoptimized implementation takes only about 10 seconds on a commodity PC, which is more than an order of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art homomorphic evaluations of other PRFs, including some specifically designed for amenability to homomorphic evaluation.
A Bayesian Nonparametric View on Count-Min Sketch

The count-min sketch is a time- and memory-efficient randomized data structure that provides a point estimate of the number of times an item has appeared in a data stream. The count-min sketch and related hash-based data structures are ubiquitous in systems that must track frequencies of data such as URLs, IP addresses, and language n-grams. We present a Bayesian view on the count-min sketch, using the same data structure, but providing a posterior distribution over the frequencies that characterizes the uncertainty arising from the hash-based approximation. In particular, we take a nonparametric approach and consider tokens generated from a Dirichlet process (DP) random measure, which allows for an unbounded number of unique tokens. Using properties of the DP, we show that it is possible to straightforwardly compute posterior marginals of the unknown true counts and that the modes of these marginals recover the count-min sketch estimator, inheriting the associated probabilistic guarantees. Using simulated data with known ground truth, we investigate the properties of these estimators. Lastly, we also study a modified problem in which the observation stream consists of collections of tokens (i.e., documents) arising from a random measure drawn from a stable beta process, which allows for power law scaling behavior in the number of unique tokens.
Utilizing the Autopsy for Quality Improvement

The use of autopsy findings as a check on the accuracy of clinical diagnoses dates back hundreds of years. The advent of quality management (QM) as its own separate discipline is a much more recent development. This chapter considers autopsy from a QM context and discusses the autopsy’s utility as a QM tool. The chapter is divided into three sections. The first section reviews the history and terminology of QM and offers several vignettes to emphasize key points. The second section examines how QM principles can be applied to hospital autopsy practice, both to maintain and improve autopsy performance and to contribute to general hospital quality improvement programs. Practical tips for approaching accreditation inspections of an autopsy service are suggested. The third section looks at the recent ambitious national initiative proposed by the Institute of Medicine aimed at improving the quality of clinical diagnoses. The autopsy will play a crucial role in the success of such an initiative, but in order to fulfill that role, some fundamental changes in autopsy practice are necessary.
24 – Pipeline coatings

Coatings are not just the first line of defense against corrosion. They also fulfill a variety of other important tasks in pipeline operation such as friction reduction, insulation, cathodic current minimization, and so on. Therefore an understanding of coating technology is essential for the modern pipeline engineer. The first half of this chapter contains a summary of current external and internal coating products applied to transmission pipelines and the different roles they fulfill. It explores at a basic level, the modes of functioning for each product class with the purpose to enhance the reader's understanding of the problems and the solutions thereto. The second half discusses pressing challenges in the field and new products that have been developed to address these challenges.
Initial Access and Beamforming in Multi-cell mmWave Networks Using Narrowband Pilots

This paper presents an initial access protocol and beamforming techniques for millimeter wave (mmWave) networks consisting of multiple access points (APs) and mobile devices. Each frame consists of an initial access sub-frame followed by data transmission sub-frames. During the intial sub-frame, APs and user devices sweep through a set of beams and determine the best transmit and receive beams via a handshake. Narrowband pilots are transmitted to avoid mutual interference and reduce training errors. An efficient method for maximum likelihood estimation of beam directions based on the Fast Fourier transform (FFT) is also proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by simulation.
The Church: Towards a Common Vision

The 2013 convergence document, The Church: Towards a Common Vision ( CTCV ) incorporates several aspects of the response of the Napa Inter-Orthodox Consultation to The Nature and Mission of the Church ( NMC ) which, as its subtitle suggests, was A Stage on the Way to a Common Statement , namely The Church . Eastern and Oriental Orthodox responders (jointly!) point to the imprecise use of the term, ‘church’, the World Council of Churches ( WCC )’s understanding of ‘the limits of the Church’, and to the ‘branch theory’ implicit in NMC , an ecclesiology toned down in CTCV . Bordeianu proposes a subjective recognition of the fullness of the church in one’s community as a possible way forward. Simultaneously, Orthodox representatives have grown into a common, ecumenical understanding of the relationship between the Kingdom of God and the church’s work for justice; attentiveness to the role of women in the church; and accepting new forms of teaching authority in an ecumenical context. The positions of various churches are no longer parallel monologues, but reflect earnest change and convergence.
Nuclear alignment and magnetic moments of 133Xe, 133Xem, and 131Xem by spin exchange with optically pumped 87Rb.

This paper reports the first demonstration of nuclear orientation of radioactive xenon atoms by spin exchange with polarized rubidium atoms. The nuclear tensor alignment, as measured by gamma-ray anisotropy, is about 30% of the maximum possible. The magnetic dipole moments for $^{133}\mathrm{Xe}$, $^{133}\mathrm{Xe}^{m}$, and $^{131}\mathrm{Xe}^{m}$ have also been measured by NMR spectroscopy. The methods developed here have possibilities for wide applications to nuclear and atomic studies of other radioactive rare-gas atoms.
Multi-messenger EOS constraints using binary NS mergers

Abstract Though nearly five decades in the making, the opening mark of gravitational wave (GW) astronomy has only just now sounded. This novel field holds great scientific promise in the upcoming years, and yet already with a single binary NS merger event — it has managed to deliver results beyond our hopes and expectations. A primary factor in this success is the fact that this first binary NS merger, GW170817, was successfully followed up and detected in wavelengths spanning the observable electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. This ‘multi-messenger’ view of binary NS mergers opens new windows of opportunity for maximizing the scientific return from these events, and has facilitated constraints on physics ranging from cosmology, to general relativity, and nuclear physics. In the following I review constraints on the equation of state (EOS) of dense nuclear matter which can be obtained from multi-messenger analyses of binary NS mergers, showing that these are complementary to alternative approaches of constraining the EOS using GW data alone, and summarizing the main results arising from GW170817.
Investigating the Effect of Added Salt on the Chain Dimensions of Poly(ethylene oxide) through Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

We have measured the effect of added salt on the chain dimensions of mixtures of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt (LiTFSI) in the melt state through small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments. Scattering profiles from blends of hydrogenated and deuterated PEO mixed with LiTFSI were measured as a function of salt concentration. Scattering profiles from pure deuterated PEO/LiTFSI mixtures were used for background-subtraction purposes. The densities of PEO/LiTFSI mixtures of varying salt concentrations were measured to calculate partial molar monomer volumes of PEO and LiTFSI to account for nonideal mixing. Kratky plots of the scattering profiles were used to calculate the salt concentration dependence of statistical segment length. At low salt concentrations, segment length decreases with increasing salt concentration, before increasing with increasing salt concentration in the high salt concentration regime. The random phase approximation was used to predict theoretical scattering profiles from the calculated segment lengths and partial molar volumes; there is excellent agreement between the theoretical and measured scattering profiles at all salt concentrations. There appears to be a correlation between chain dimensions and coordination between lithium ions and EO monomers. The scattering profiles of the pure deuterated PEO/LiTFSI mixtures suggested the presence of ion clusters of characteristic size of 0.6 nm at high salt concentrations.
High-Frequency Time-Lapse Seismic Spatial Autocorrelation Imaging Shallow Velocity Variations

Shallow velocity variations can be caused by different reasons, which could be related to infrastructure security. Among seismic-based temporal velocity analysis methods, ambient-noise-based spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) provides the finest shallow imaging resolution. We present a continuous time-lapse SPAC (tSPAC) approach to retrieve the shallow velocity variations. In our field application, due to soil moisture changes caused by water leakage, the seismic velocity changes over the time. Based on the SPAC method, we use the extracted surface wave (Rayleigh wave) to estimate the shear wave velocity as a function of depth. Using a time-lapse manner, we demonstrate that velocity variations due to water leakage can be detected from passive ambient seismic noise. The field deployment results agree well with the ground truth of experiment setups. The success of our study demonstrates that the in situ near-surface seismic velocity can be accurately imaged by tSPAC. This technique can be used to monitor seismic velocity change and further investigate not only the fluid saturation, but also other associated changing conditions, such as stress and temperature.
Apoptosis detection via automated algorithms to analyze biomarker translocation in reporter cells

Rapid, efficient, and robust quantitative analyses of dynamic apoptotic events are essential in a high-throughput screening workflow. Currently used methods have several bottlenecks, specifically, limitations in available fluorophores for downstream assays and misinterpretation of statistical image data analysis. In this study, we developed cytochrome-C (Cyt-C) and caspase-3/-8 reporter cell lines using lung (PC9) and breast (T47D) cancer cells, and characterized them from the response to apoptotic stimuli. In these two reporter cell lines, the spatial fluorescent signal translocation patterns served as reporters of activations of apoptotic events, such as Cyt-C release and caspase-3/-8 activation. We also developed a vision-based, tunable, automated algorithm in MATLAB to implement the robust and accurate analysis of signal translocation in single or multiple cells. Construction of the reporter cell lines allows live monitoring of apoptotic events without the need for any other dyes or fixatives. Our algorithmic implementation forgoes the use of simple image statistics for more robust analytics. Our optimized algorithm can achieve a precision greater than 90% and a sensitivity higher than 85%. Combining our automated algorithm with reporter cells bearing a single-color dye/fluorophore, we expect our approach to become an integral component in the high-throughput drug screening workflow.
Design Considerations for a 2-D Photonic Band Gap Accelerator Cavity

We discuss recent progress in our effort to develop a high gradient accelerator cavity based on Photonic Band Gap (PBG) concepts. Our proposed cavity consists of a two-dimensional (2-D) photonic lattice, composed of either dielectric or metal scatterers, bounded in the third dimension by flat conducting (or superconducting) plates. A defect introduced to the lattice, usually a removed scatterer, produces a defect mode with fields concentrated at the defect site and decaying exponentially in all directions away from the defect site. The defect mode is designed to resonate at frequencies in the 2–20 GHz range, where metals can still be used to confine the energy with minimal loss. We present in this paper some of the technical considerations which have arisen relevent to this application, and to PBG structures in general. In particular, we focus on measurements and calculations carried out for a 2-D metal PBG cavity.
Robert Helpmann’s Many Roles: A Variegated Portrait

Why a study of Robert Helpmann and why now? Readers might ask these questions of editors Anna Meadmore and Richard Cave whose Robert Helpmann: The Many Faces of a Theatrical Dynamo, with accompanyi...
Why did Smith suggest a labor theory of value

Abstract Many commentators claim Adam Smith failed to realize that no objective standard of value exists. Instead, he adhered to the labor theory of value. Like others, we argue that in the The Wealth of Nations Smith discussed the “early and rude state” in which the labor theory of value made some sense since labor and human circumstances were relatively simple and knowable. However, because the labor theory of value is only sensible in that special case, his description of the theory suggests its own insufficiency. With the emergence of the division of labor, labor heterogeneity and the waning knowability of circumstances render the earlier analysis moot, but that is only implicit in the Wealth of Nations. So why does Smith exposit an analytically weak position? We suggest that Smith thought that his rhetorical use of the labor theory of value would advance his “liberal plan of equality, liberty, and justice.” The labor theory of value served as a rhetorical device to underpin his claims that the movement toward an economic system based on an extensive division of labor was a movement toward a better society without any systemic injustice in labor remuneration.
Thigh Compartment Syndrome After Thrombolytic Therapy of an Occluded Lower Extremity Bypass Graft

Compartment syndrome is caused by increased pressure within fascial compartment. We present a unique case of a thigh compartment syndrome that occurred after overnight catheter delivered Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis of an acutely thrombosis femoral-to above knee popliteal artery Propaten® PTFE (WL Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) bypass graft. The condition was treated by emergency fasciotomy and the patient recovered uneventfully.
Penalty method for obliquely reflected diffusions

We consider a multidimensional normally or obliquely reflected diffusion in a smooth domain. We approximate it by solutions of stochastic differential equations without reflection using the penalty method, that is, we approximate the reflection term with an additional drift term. In the existing literature, usually a specific approximating sequence is provided to prove the existence of a reflected diffusion. In this paper, we provide general sufficient conditions on the approximating coefficients.
Integration of nonlabyrinthine inputs by the vestibular system: role in compensation following bilateral damage to the inner ear

Inputs from the skin and muscles of the limbs and trunk as well as the viscera are relayed to the medial, inferior, and lateral vestibular nuclei. Vestibular nucleus neurons very quickly regain spontaneous activity following a bilateral vestibular neurectomy, presumably due to the presence of such nonlabyrinthine inputs. The firing of a small fraction of vestibular nucleus neurons in animals lacking labyrinthine inputs can be modulated by whole-body tilts; these responses are eliminated by a spinal transection, showing that they are predominantly elicited by inputs from the trunk and limbs. The ability to adjust blood distribution in the body and maintain stable blood pressure during movement is diminished following a bilateral vestibular neurectomy, but compensation occurs within a week. However, bilateral lesions of the caudal portions of the vestibular nuclei produce severe and long-lasting cardiovascular disturbances during postural alterations, suggesting that the presence of nonlabyrinthine signals to the vestibular nuclei is essential for compensation of posturally-related autonomic responses to occur. Despite these observations, the functional significance of nonlabyrinthine inputs to the central vestibular system remains unclear, either in modulating the processing of vestibular inputs or compensating for their loss.
Protein Methylase I PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE ENZYME

Abstract An enzyme, "protein methylase I," which methylates its endogenous protein has been purified from calf thymus. Acid hydrolysis of the methylated endogenous protein gives rise to two methylated amino acid derivatives. Both derivatives are very sensitive to alkali treatment, and one of the decomposition products is identified as methylurea. These findings, as well as other evidence, indicate that one of the compounds is guanidino-methylated arginine and the other is α-amino-, guanidino-methylated arginine. Various histones comprise approximately 70% of the total endogenous methylated protein, and the radioactivity is widely distributed among the various histones when the enzyme is labeled with S-adenosyl-l-methionine-methyl-14C. Protein methylase I has a pH optimum of 7.4 and a Km of 2.1 x 10-5 m for S-adenosyl-l-methionine.
On a Class of Asymptotically Linear Elliptic Problems in RN

Under these conditions (P*) is an asymptotically linear problem. When this equation is considered in a bounded domain 0/R (with, say, the Dirichlet boundary condition) there is a large literature on existence and multiplicity results. Of particular interest is then the case of resonance, where &* # _(S) and S is the asymptotic linearization of the problem. In other words, S: D(S)/L (0) L (0) is the operator given by
Elastic-scattering excitation functions for the12C+12C system

The elastic scattering of12C ions on12C target nuclei has been studied in the center-of-mass energy range between 13.5 and 37.5 MeV at energy intervals of 250 keV, and at center-of-mass angles of 50°, 60°, 70°, 80° and 90°, respectively. Marked structure has been found in these excitation functions: a gross structure with characteristic width ∼3 MeV, and a structure with intermediate width systematically increasing from ∼200 keV to ∼1.5 MeV in the energy range studied. The experimental energy resolution in use was not adequately high to resolve very fine statistical fluctuation structure if present.