cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The dimeric structure of the cytochrome bc1 complex prevents center P inhibition by reverse reactions at center N

Abstract Energy transduction in the cytochrome bc 1 complex is achieved by catalyzing opposite oxido-reduction reactions at two different quinone binding sites. We have determined the pre-steady state kinetics of cytochrome b and c 1 reduction at varying quinol/quinone ratios in the isolated yeast bc 1 complex to investigate the mechanisms that minimize inhibition of quinol oxidation at center P by reduction of the b H heme through center N. The faster rate of initial cytochrome b reduction as well as its lower sensitivity to quinone concentrations with respect to cytochrome c 1 reduction indicated that the b H hemes equilibrated with the quinone pool through center N before significant catalysis at center P occurred. The extent of this initial cytochrome b reduction corresponded to a level of b H heme reduction of 33%–55% depending on the quinol/quinone ratio. The extent of initial cytochrome c 1 reduction remained constant as long as the fast electron equilibration through center N reduced no more than 50% of the b H hemes. Using kinetic modeling, the resilience of center P catalysis to inhibition caused by partial pre-reduction of the b H hemes was explained using kinetics in terms of the dimeric structure of the bc 1 complex which allows electrons to equilibrate between monomers.
CAPITAL MOBILITY AND CAPITAL TAX COMPETITION

This paper surveys the literatures on two questions that are essential to the discussion of mobility and taxation that is the focus of this special issue of the National Tax Journal. First, it examines the extent to which capital is mobile internationally, focusing on empirical evidence on the tax sensitivity of foreign investment, the incidence of the corporate income tax, and savings-investment correlations. Second, it considers the extent to which the mobility of capital has resulted in interjurisdictional capital tax competition, drawing on the theoretical tax competition literature, empirical evidence on corporate income tax rates, the strategic tax competition literature, and the relatively new literature examining interjurisdictional competition in the form of allowing tax avoidance.
Development of interactive 3D tangible models as teaching aids to improve students' spatial ability in STEM education

Spatial abilities have been reported to be critical for success in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. Research findings prove that spatial abilities can be improved significantly through training. This project develops 3D tangible models (TMs) and their corresponding computer graphics (CGs) as teaching aids to improve students' spatial abilities. The TMs and their CGs work together in a real- time, interactive manner. The TMs use a sensor board containing an attitude heading reference system to track and send their real-time 3D orientation on three axes to a computer. A program renders the 3D graphic models of these TMs on the computer screen and updates their 3D orientations. By manipulating the TMs and observing corresponding CGs on computer screens in real time, students will experience the displays of the same objects which undergo rotations in space from infinite viewing angles, resolving visual ambiguities. The system offers potential advantages over static pictures by explicitly rendering dynamic rotations of 3D figures over space, rather than requiring students to “mentally” figure out those rotations. The models in this development project will be used in an experiment to evaluate how they affect students' spatial abilities.
Studios as Locations of Possibility: Remembering a History

This paper considers the studio in art therapy as a neglected yet key aspect of the field's history. Descriptions of studio art practice among the founders of the American Art Therapy Association and such predecessors as Mary Huntoon were obtained through historical research. Because both art therapy and art studios are hybrid in nature, the author proposes that ideas from fields outside of art therapy be utilized for the rich intersections of knowledge and wisdom they may bring to art therapy studio practice. Studios in the history of art therapy are discussed as providing a locus of intersections and thus of possibility.
Design considerations for heat spreader in high heat flux systems

Over the last several years, there has been a strong emphasis on developing heat sinks for high heat flux systems. Consequently new materials are being developed and novel thermal transport mechanisms are being investigated. Some of the novel materials are composites with thermal conductivity exceeding 500 W/mK. In this paper we examine the effect of very high thermal conductivity on the heat spreader performance with reference to high convective heat fluxes. It is shown that the thermal characteristics at high heat fluxes increases the importance of optimization of the heat spreader resistance in the design of the heat sink.
Kinetics of interaction of ligands with carboxypeptidase A.

Abstract Rate constants for the interaction of a number of ligands with the active site zinc ion of carboxypeptidase A have been measured at pH 7.0, 25°, 1.0 M NaCl. Polydentate ligands such as EDTA, NTA or CyDTA do not accelerate the rate at which the zinc ion dissociates from the protein. Bidentate or tridentate ligands on the other hand are able to attack the zinc ion directly; the rates are first order in enzyme and first order in ligand. A mechanism for the reaction is proposed, in which a ternary complex LZnCPA is formed which rapidly dissociates into ZnL and apo CPA. Comparison of results for a variety of ligands leads to the conclusion that in the ternary complex tridentate ligands bind to the zinc ion through only two donor groups. The reaction of 1.10-phenanthroline with ZnCPA has been studied from pH 6 to 9, and a mechanism proposed which accounts for the pH profile of the reaction.
Multilivel Methods of Statistical Analysis

In hierarchical data structures, observational units at one level are nested within units at other levels. For longitudinal data on individuals, within-person observations are nested within individuals. Within-person (micro) observations are generally more like each other than observations sampled randomly across individuals (contexts). In generalized regression models, several approaches can accommodate this lack of independence: (i) random effects; (ii) fixed effects; (iii) marginal models in the non-Gaussian case, and (iv) regression coefficient covariance matrix adjustment. Each approach has specific advantages and drawbacks. Fixed effects are often used in situations in which a key assumption of the random effects approach is thought to be implausible. In those instances, the use of marginal models or regression coefficient covariance matrix adjustment would also merit reconsideration. Where more than one approach can justifiably be applied—and there are many such cases—estimation results can be method-dependent, leading to different conclusions about the effects of specific covariates. In addition, particularly for the random effects approach, alternative methods of estimation can yield somewhat different results, as can different algorithmic implementations of the same method across software packages. The impact of small within-context sample sizes in unbalanced designs merits further exploration. Where possible, researchers should consider whether their conclusions are method- or algorithm-dependent.
Adaptive control of a two-stage vibration mount

A two-stage vibration mount has been investigated as a means of reducing the force transmission to the foundation of the mount. Adaptive closed-loop control was applied to the system, thereby giving both active reduction at the lower frequencies and passive reduction at the higher frequencies. The control force generator was mounted on the intermediate mass, thus preventing the static force of the force generator from being transmitted to the foundation. The adaptive closed-loop system, based on the least-mean-squares algorithm, was investigated to determine its stability properties and optimal performance characteristics. >
Active substrate membrane probe card

A monolithic active membrane probe card capable of wafer-level probing of high speed integrated circuits is presented. The key feature of this probe card is the integration of test circuitry in close proximity to the probe tips. The fabrication of the probe card involves the incorporation of a polyimide membrane and tungsten probe tips on a BiCMOS wafer. A measurement comparison with needle probes demonstrates an enhanced capability for at-speed probing of circuits at the wafer-level.
An Approach for Assessing and Managing Inter-Unit Interdependence

The article discusses a conceptual framework for evaluating interdependence in inter-organizational and intra-organizational relations. The method includes: a referent system common to both relational contexts; six dimensions that define interdependence; and five variables that influence the perception of interdependence. Interdependence occurs when the action of one unit affects the action or work outcome of another unit. Six dimensions in a transactional approach to interdependence include the number of different resources involved, the frequency of transactions per unit of time, and the composite value of the resource.
Automata, Boolean matrices, and ultimate periodicity

Abstract This paper presents a Boolean-matrix-based method to automata theory, with an application to the study of regularity-preserving functions. A new characterization of such functions is derived in terms of the property of ultimate periodicity with respect to powers of Boolean matrices. This characterization reveals the intrinsic algebraic nature of regularity-preserving functions. It facilitates a concise proof of known, as well as previously unknown, properties of regularity-preserving functions, leading to the solution of the “subtraction problem,” left open by Kosaraju.
A Short History of the Development of the Biofilm Concept

The development of the biofilm concept was a very gradual process, consisting of many small perceptions, which have now combined and synthesized and formed a significant “wave” that will carry microbiology far into the new millennium. Dozens of new methods have emerged that allow us to study bacteria where they actually live and carry out their roles as members of complex biofilm communities. Corrosion control is now increasingly based on the detection and control of biofilm populations. The objective of the early biofilm researchers was to locate and quantitate bacteria in various ecosystems and then to use basically morphological techniques to describe how they formed functional consortia within highly protected sessile communities. The imperative that drove early medical biofilm microbiology was the emergence of device-related and other chronic bacterial infections and the inability of the infectious disease community to control these infections or to explain their refractory nature. The modern era of biofilm research really began when Doug Caldwell's group introduced us to the confocal scanning laser microscope, with its ability to examine living hydrated specimens on opaque surfaces, at the fifth International Society for Microbial Ecology meeting in Osaka. One must always remember that all the methods used in monitoring gene expression in biofilms are "averaging," just as they are in planktonic cultures, and they tell us if the gene is up-regulated in some cells, but they do not tell us which cells or where they are located.
A Phase I Study of Light Dose for Photodynamic Therapy Using 2-[1-Hexyloxyethyl]-2 Devinyl Pyropheophorbide-a for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Carcinoma In Situ or Non-Small Cell Microinvasive Bronchogenic Carcinoma: A Dose Ranging Study.

Abstract Introduction We report a phase I trial of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of carcinoma in situ (CIS) and microinvasive cancer (MIC) of the central airways with the photosensitizer (PS) 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH). HPPH has the advantage of minimal general phototoxicity over the commonly used photosensitizer porfimer sodium (Photofrin; Pinnacle Biologics, Chicago, IL). Methods The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the maximally tolerated light dose at a fixed photosensitizer dose and (2) to gain initial insight into the effectiveness of this treatment approach. Seventeen patients with 21 CIS/MIC lesions were treated with HPPH with light dose escalation starting from 75 J/cm 2 and increasing to 85, 95,125, and 150 J/cm, 2 respectively. Follow-up bronchoscopy for response assessment was performed at 1 and 6 months, respectively. Results The rate of pathological complete response (CR) was 82.4% (14 of 17 evaluable lesions; 14 patients) at 1 month and 72.7% (8/11 evaluable lesions; 8 patients) at 6 months. Only four patients developed mild skin erythema. One of the three patients in the 150 J/cm 2 light dose group experienced a serious adverse event. This patient had respiratory distress caused by mucus plugging, which precipitated cardiac ischemia. Two additional patients treated subsequently at this light dose had no adverse events. The sixth patient in this dose group was not recruited and the study was terminated because of delays in HPPH supply. However, given the observed serious adverse event, it is recommended that the light dose does not exceed 125 J/cm 2 . Conclusions PDT with HPPH can be safely used for the treatment of CIS/MIC of the airways, with potential effectiveness comparable to that reported for porfimer sodium in earlier studies.
The Comparative Study of Economic Growth

W IDESPREAD concern with poverty in the so-called underdeveloped countries has become a major feature of the post-World War II scene. There have been numerous discussions of causes and possible remedies, many plans for practical action, and implementation of a considerable variety of programs under various auspices. This activity has been accompanied by a rapidly growing literature dealing with the technical problems which arise in planning and carrying out practical measures. In addition, there has been a great expansion of scientific interest in the conditions and consequences of differential economic growth during the past two centuries. Though few, if any, have thought that a definitive "general theory" of economic growth capable of immediate practical application would be quickly forthcoming, many have thought that a concentrated effort to improve our general understanding of economic growth might provide some useful supplements and corrections to the largely untested principles now available to practitioners. Moreover, the subject has great intrinsic interest and provides an opportunity to examine the problems and possibilities of interdisciplinary research. As scholars explore the field of economic growth, the difficulties of doing fruitful research seem to be as great as the importance and interest of the subject. The subject is vast-more omnidisciplinary than multidisciplinary. A knowledge of historical developments during at least the past two hundred years in all parts of the world is relevant. No welldeveloped tradition of cross-cultural research in the field is available. Since the day of the classical economists long-run economic change has generally been neglected, largely because of the many difficulties which beset such study. It is not at all clear that more recent theoretical and methodological advances in the social sciences have obviated these. Therefore, much recent work on economic growth has been exploratory:
Assortative Mating: Assortative mating with respect to physical characteristics

This paper lists marital correlations for 105 physical characteristics in 40 human population samples. Correlation coefficients in the range + 0.1 to 0.2 are most frequently observed for measurements of body size in Europeans and Americans of European descent, although coefficients in the range +0.2 to 0.3 are commonly found. Homogamy coefficients above 0.5 are rare, at least in European peoples. The degree of assortative mating with respect to physical characteristics varies by economic and social class within European national and ethnic groups. There is some tendency toward higher marital associations for physical characteristics among populations in the Mediterranean region than among those in Northern and Western Europe. Studies of assortative mating in non‐European populations are few. The two populations sampled, Navaho Indians and Japanese, do not practice homogamy for body size.
Ten Years After: Is it Time to Revisit the 1994 OSHA Indoor Air Quality Rule?:

Approximately 20 million nonsmoking workers are employed in workplaces without restrictions on smoking and are potentially exposed to secondhand smoke—a Class A carcinogen. These workers are largely in the service industry, in southern and western states and in non-urban areas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA's) 1994 proposal for smoke-free workplaces (withdrawn in 2001) was attacked by many interest groups that may no longer oppose this protection. Federal regulation for smoke-free workplaces is needed for workers, who are not protected by state and local smoke-free laws. This policy could save thousands of lives each year, and prevent significant illness. Twenty-one states have “state plans” that would allow more protective laws. Of the 29 states under OSHA, 11 have comprehensive smoke-free statutes. Changes in the policy environment and in institutions such as unions, restaurant associations, and the tobacco industry since 2001 may improve the prospects for federal action and ...
Fabrication of flexible and vertical silicon nanowire electronics.

Vertical silicon nanowire (SiNW) array devices directly connected on both sides to metallic contacts were fabricated on various non-Si-based substrates (e.g., glass, plastics, and metal foils) in order to fully exploit the nanomaterial properties for final applications. The devices were realized with uniform length Ag-assisted electroless etched SiNW arrays that were detached from their fabrication substrate, typically Si wafers, reattached to arbitrary substrates, and formed with metallic contacts on both sides of the NW array. Electrical characterization of the SiNW array devices exhibits good current–voltage characteristics consistent with the SiNW morphology.
The Effect of Channel Recess and Passivation on 4H-SiC MESFETs

Channel-recessed 4H-SiC MESFETs were fabricated and demonstrated excellent small signal characteristics. A saturated current of 250 – 270 mA/mm at Vgs = 0 V and a maximum transconductance of 40 – 45 mS/mm were measured for channel-recessed devices with a gate length of 0.45 µm. The three-terminal breakdown voltages (Vds) range from 120 V to 150 V. The Ft and Fmax of the 2 × 200 µm devices were measured to be 14.5 GHz and 40 GHz, respectively. The channel recess technique results in a lower saturation current but higher breakdown voltage which makes it possible for the devices to operate at high voltages. Si3N4 passivation suppresses the instability in DC characteristics and improves CW power performance by reducing the surface effects. Less dispersion in the drain current during a power sweep was observed after passivation.
Changes in Publication-Based Academic Interest in Local Anesthetics Over the Past 50 Years

Abstract Purpose To present the history of changes in academic interest in local anesthetics quantitatively. Methods The changes in publication-based academic interest in local anesthetics were assessed using information from the database of PubMed. The assessment was mostly based on the following indices: general popularity index (GPI), representing the proportion of articles on a drug relative to all articles in the field of regional anesthesia, and specific popularity index (SPI), representing the proportion of articles on a drug relative to all articles in one of the four forms of regional anesthesia: local anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia, and peripheral nerve blocks. Results The most important general feature of the changes in publication-based academic interest in local anesthetics for the past 50 years was the concentration of this interest on a very limited number of drugs. By 2010-2014, only three anesthetics demonstrated the GPI value above 4.0: bupivacaine (10.1), lidocaine (10.0), and ropivacaine (4.6). All other local anesthetics had GPI declining mostly to less than 1.0 (2010-2014). The rate of change in publication-based academic interest was very slow in both its increase and decline. The most profound change in publication-based academic interests was caused by the introduction of bupivacaine. During a 20-year period (from 1965-1969 to 1985-1989), bupivacaine's GPI increased from 1.3 to 12.9. Conclusion A slowly developing concentration of publication-based academic interest on a very limited number of local anesthetics was the dominant feature related to this class of anesthetic agents.
Impact of Obesity on Wound Complications Following Radical Prostatectomy Is Mitigated by Robotic Technique

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the impact of obesity on patients developing wound complications within 30 days of open and robotic radical prostatectomy using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). Methods: Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in 2011 to 2012 were identified from NSQIP, which is a multi-institutional database of comprehensive 30-day postoperative outcomes. Wound complication included superficial surgical site infections (SSIs), deep SSI, organ space infections, and dehiscence. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression examined the relationship between obesity and wound complications in open and robotic radical prostatectomy. Results: Of the 12,454 radical prostatectomy cases reported in the study period, 9248 were robotic (74%), 2244 (18%) patients were normal weight (body mass index [BMI] 30). Wound complications occurred in 134 (4%) of open and 114 (1%) of robotic radic...
Beyond the greater trochanter: a pictorial review of the pelvic bursae.

Abstract Purpose Review the MRI appearance of different bursae located throughout the pelvis, including the pertinent osseous and musculotendinous anatomy. Materials and methods Bursae are potential spaces that reduce friction between opposed moving components which can become inflamed, clinically mimicking internal derangement. Results This series illustrates the most common as well as lesser-known pelvic bursae. Common causes of bursitis including overuse, trauma, and infection are presented. Conclusion Multiple bursae are located throughout the pelvis. It is important for radiologists to recognize bursitis as a potential etiology of pain and be familiar with their anatomical locations in order to guide appropriate management.
Proteomics and Advancements in Urinary Biomarkers of Diabetics Kidney Disease

Diabetes mellitus is a complex and systemic disease, with complications arising in part from dysregulated metabolic pathways as well as genetic susceptibilities. Diabetes is a highly prevalent disease that affects over 29 million people in the United States. Approximately 40% of the affected individuals will develop chronic kidney disease due to diabetes. Moreover recent estimates suggest diabetes is the primary cause for almost 240,000 cases of kidney failure in the United States; making diabetes the leading cause of kidney failure. A substantial gap in knowledge exists regarding the natural history of type-1 and type-2 diabetic microvascular complications like diabetic nephropathy (DN). Given the societal and economic impact of diabetic complications such as DN there is an urgent need for robust early diagnostic and prognostic markers of DN. Unbiased discovery and targeted methods for protein identification and quantification like proteomics are being used in a high-throughput method to analyze complex biological datasets. These open-ended, hypothesis generating approaches, when appropriately designed and interpreted, are well suited to the study of diabetic microvascular disease. In support of this position, we will update the evolving role that proteomics has played in expanding our understanding of the natural history of diabetic nephropathy.
Treatment of Primary CNS Lymphoma with Induction High-Dose Methotrexate, Temozolomide, Rituximab Followed by Consolidation Cytarabine/Etoposide: A Pilot Study with Biomarker Analysis.

Abstract Background: There is no consensus on the optimal treatment for patients diagnosed with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). The goals of this study were: 1. to determine the safety and efficacy of a methotrexate (MTX)-based induction therapy followed by high-dose consolidation chemotherapy and the elimination or deferral of whole brain irradiation, 2. to identify molecular markers in PCNSL which predict sensitivity to chemotherapy and outcome. Methods: 23 newly diagnosed, CD20-positive, immunocompetent PCNSL patients were treated with combination high-dose intravenous MTX (8 gm/m2), temozolomide (150 mg/m2/day) and intravenous rituximab (375 mg/m2) (MTR). Patients in complete remission (CR) after eight courses of MTX were offered consolidation with high-dose cytarabine (2 g/m2 x 8 doses) and etoposide (40 mg/kg over 96 hours) (AE). Candidate markers of outcome in PCNSL were identified by gene expression profile analysis of an independent, multicenter dataset of PCNSL tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis of one of these markers, death-associated protein-1 (DAP-1), was performed on paraffin sections of tumors from 18 of the patients treated with the MTR regimen. Results: MTR induction followed by AE consolidation was well tolerated with no treatment-related mortality or evidence for neurotoxicity. Thirteen patients (56.5%) attained CR with induction; 8 received consolidation; 5 in CR refused AE. Median progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) has not yet been reached with a median follow-up of 33 months. Karnovsky performance status (KPS) correlated with improved survival (p Conclusions: Combination MTR followed by AE is well tolerated in PCNSL. PFS appears at least similar to regimens that contain whole brain irradiation. A multi-center study has been initiated to further evaluate this regimen. DAP-1 may be a tumor suppressor whose expression in PCNSL predicts a favorable response to MTX-based therapy.
GENDER-BASED OUTCOMES IN DIABETICS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Background: While female gender and diabetes mellitus have been shown to be independent risk factors for poorer surgical outcomes in surgical aortic valve replacement, there is a shortage of data on the effect of gender and DM on Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR). This study examines
Small Library Research: Using Qualitative and User-Oriented Research to Transform a Traditional Library into an Information Commons

Abstract Objective - The project team investigated the changes necessary to transform the original library into an information commons. The researchers sought to drive the project by asking for patrons’ input, rather than rely on the vision of administrators or librarians. Methods - The project team used four techniques to gather data. They recorded patron use patterns, administered surveys, conducted formal interviews, and facilitated comment boards. Results - Each of the four methods used in this research delivered similar conclusions. Patrons used the library as a study hall, but the space did not facilitate collaboration. Patrons requested more group study spaces, more access to power, and a quieter environment. Patrons identified the value of developing a learning community in the library. Finally, patrons advocated for the retention of physical collections in the library building. Conclusion - The present library building, designed to facilitate individual, quiet, textual based learning, no longer serves the needs of its patrons. Analysis of this project’s data supports the need to develop an information commons. The Gellert Library is not just a place to store books and study. Rather, it is a place where meaning and learning emerges from access to knowledge.
Questioning Our APHINITY for More

The initial report of the effect of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification on the risk of relapse and death from breast cancer1 ushered in the modern world of “targeted” therapy, and research moved quickly from target identification to therapeutic exploitation. Trastuzumab, the first HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody, improved overall survival when added to chemotherapy for patients with HER2-positive metastatic disease.2 Adjuvant trials followed, with similarly impressive reductions in the risk of recurrence and death.3-5 Given the importance of HER2 as a therapeutic target, it is no surprise that other HER2-targeted agents soon followed. Pertuzumab has limited activity as . . .
Improving Distribution Circuit Performance without Circuit Rebuilds

Utilities often address distribution circuit performance by categorizing circuits as "Worst Performing" and then implementing circuit rebuilds to overcome operational issues. New analysis technologies that use predictive maintenance or conditions-based analytics guide maintenance personnel to specific, pin-point actions minimizing maintenance costs and improving customer service. This paper will review the data analysis and conditions based circuit measurements that avoid the need for circuit rebuilds as a method for circuit performance improvement. Case studies will be presented that review all steps of the predictive maintenance strategy and results of the programs. Specific targets for SAIDI/SAIFI improvement will be evaluated and project outcomes will be discussed.
Doxing or deliberative democracy? Evidence and digital affordances in the Serial subReddit:

This study examines how a specific digital space—the Reddit message board dedicated to a discussion of the murder case featured on the podcast Serial—affords its users the ability to transcend the ...
Theory of Groups in Classical and Quantum Physics, Vol. I: Mathematical Structures and the Foundations of Quantum Theory.

(1967). Theory of Groups in Classical and Quantum Physics, Vol. I: Mathematical Structures and the Foundations of Quantum Theory. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 155-155.
X15: A Tool For Refactoring Java Software Product Lines

X15 is the first tool that can apply common object-oriented refactorings to Java Software Product Lines (SPLs). X15 is also the first tool that programmers can write custom scripts (to call refactorings programmatically) to retrofit design patterns into Java SPLs. We motivate and illustrate X15's unique capabilities in this paper.
Marilynne Robinson's Perfect Game

Marilynne Robinson's Gilead has earned significant critical attention for employing elegant prose to engage with end-of-life experiences, U.S. race-relations at the middle of the twentieth century,...
The þ-function in λ-K-conversion

In the theory of conversion it is important to have a formally defined function which assigns to any positive integer n the least integer not less than n which has a given property. The definition of such a formula is somewhat involved: I propose to give the corresponding formula in λ-K-conversion, which will (naturally) be much simpler. I shall in fact find a formula þ such that if T be a formula for which T(n) is convertible to a formula representing a natural number, whenever n represents a natural number, then þ(T, r) is convertible to the formula q representing the least natural number q, not less than r, for which T(q) conv 0.2 The method depends on finding a formula Θ with the property that Θ conv λu·u(Θ(u)), and consequently if M→Θ(V) then M conv V(M). A formula with this property is, The formula þ will have the required property if þ(T, r) conv r when T(r) conv 0, and þ(T, r) conv þ(T, S(r)) otherwise. These conditions will be satisfied if þ(T, r) conv T(r, λx·þ(T, S(r)), r), i.e. if þ conv {λptr·t(r, λx·p(t, S(r)), r)}(þ). We therefore put, This enables us to define also a formula, such that (T, n) is convertible to the formula representing the nth positive integer q for which T(q) conv 0.
Biomarker enhanced risk prediction for development of AKI after cardiac surgery.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common post-cardiac surgery complication and influences patient morbidity and prognosis. This study was designed to identify preoperative candidate urine biomarkers in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A prospective cohort study of adults undergoing cardiac surgery at increased risk for AKI at a single hospital between July 2010 and September 2012 was performed. The primary outcome was the development of AKI, defined as an absolute serum creatinine (SCr) level increase ≥ 0.5 mg/dL or a ≥ 50% relative increase within 72 h of surgery. A secondary outcome was development of AKI defined by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Urine collected by voiding within 4 h prior to surgery was used for proteomic analysis and confirmatory enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) studies. Biomarkers were tested for AKI-prediction using Cox and Snell R2, area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC), and percent of corrected classifications. To evaluate the added effect of each candidate biomarker on AKI discrimination, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were calculated. Forty-seven of 755 patients met screening criteria including 15 with AKI. Proteomic analysis identified 29 proteins with a significant ≥2-fold change. Confirmatory ELISA measurements of five candidate markers showed urinary complement factor B (CFB) and histidine rich glycoprotein (HRG) concentrations were significantly increased in patients with AKI. By multivariate analysis, NRI, and IDI the addition of CFB and HRG to the standard clinical assessment significantly improved risk prediction for the primary outcome. Only HRG was a significant predictor in the 21 patients with AKI defined by KDIGO criteria. Pre-operative urine measurement of CFB or HRG significantly enhanced the current post-surgery AKI risk stratification for more restrictive definition of AKI. HRG, but not CFB or clinical risk stratification, predicted AKI defined by KDIGO. The ability of these biomarkers to predict risk for dialysis-requiring AKI or death could not be reliably assessed in our study due to a small number of patients with either outcome.
Technology and Diagnosis

Dementia expresses itself by interfering with the normal or usual pattern of behavior demonstrated by the individual in the past. Essentially, there has been some change that is so marked that a disease or disorder must be presumed to be present. The manifestations of this problem may take any one of a variety of forms, and there may have been a series of unusual events that were neither noted nor responded to. Indeed, the history of the individual might reflect a clear pattern of change had it only been noticed and considered. Unfortunately, such a record is available only retrospectively and then only as the patient and/or caregiver select those items from their recollections that are either recognized or admitted to. That there is a history is unmistakable; the cause of that history, regardless of how well recalled or reported, becomes the focus of medical attention when the patient is brought to a physician for a diagnosis.
Investigating Language with Functional Neuroimaging

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the application of functional neuroimaging to the study of the neural basis of language processing. It discusses the merits and drawbacks of the cognitive subtraction paradigm and reviews the progress in several specific areas, including verbal working memory, phonological processing, the role of the inferior frontal gyrus in semantic processing, and category-related word retrieval. The functional neuroimaging techniques permit repeated measurement of the physiological state of the normal brain in a single experimental session. In the case of positron emission tomography (PET), these measurements are typically made about 10 minutes apart and in functional magnetic resonance imaging, measurements can be made consecutively. The subtraction technique is operationalized as digital image subtraction, but its significance lies in the implicit assumption of cognitive subtraction, a conceptual approach rooted in psychological processing models, particularly serial processing models. The initial application of PET to cognitive processes used a hierarchical subtraction approach, in which a series of tasks that were conceived to differ from one another by the addition of a small number of additional processing steps were devised. The subtraction of one task from the next more complex task in the hierarchy is held to isolate the cognitive processes added by the second task. In neuroimaging studies, the neural correlates of these additional processes are indexed by changes in cerebral blood flow.
Desired, Expected, and Received Support: How Support Gaps Impact Affect Improvement and Perceived Stigma in the Context of Unintended Pregnancy

ABSTRACTUnintended pregnancies constitute potentially stigmatizing moments that mobilize desires for several types of support from multiple members of people’s networks. This study examines gaps am...
Experimental Aspects of Antiviral Pharmacology

Experimental pharmacology of antiviral agents include: 1. Design and synthesis of antiviral agents 2. Determination of antiviral activity in cell cultures, experimental animals and humans 3. Study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion 4. Elucidation of the molecular basis for efficacy or toxicity.
Identifying prevalence and risk factors for metformin non-persistence: a retrospective cohort study using an electronic health record

Objectives Non-persistence may be a significant barrier to the use of metformin. Our objective was to assess reasons for metformin non-persistence, and whether initial metformin dosing or use of extended release (ER) formulations affect persistence to metformin therapy. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Electronic health record data from a network of urban academic practices. Participants The cohort was restricted to individuals receiving a metformin prescription between 2009/1/1 and 2015/9/31, under care for at least 6 months before the first prescription of metformin. The cohort was further restricted to patients with no evidence of any antihyperglycaemic agent use prior to the index date, an haemoglobin A1c measured within 1 month prior to or 1 week after the index date, at least 6 months of follow-up, and with the initial metformin prescription originating in either a general medicine or endocrinology clinic. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome measure was early non-persistence, as defined by the absence of further prescriptions for metformin after the first 90 days of follow-up. Results The final cohort consisted of 1259 eligible individuals. The overall rate of early non-persistence was 20.3%. Initial use of ER and low starting dose metformin were associated with significantly lower rates of reported side effects and non-persistence, but after multivariable analysis, only use of low starting doses was independently associated with improved persistence (adjusted OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.76, for comparison of 500 mg daily dose or less to all higher doses). Conclusions These data support the routine prescribing of low starting doses of metformin as a tool to improve persistence. In this study setting, many providers routinely used ER metformin as an initial treatment; while this practice may have benefits, it deserves more rigorous study to assess whether increased costs are justified.
Abstract WP61: Union of Ischemic Core and Hypoperfusion Volume Correlates With 24-hour Infarct Size in DEFUSE 3

Background and Purpose: Accurate prediction of 24-hour infarct volume early after stroke onset helps determine appropriate interventions and prognosis. In the Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging...
Implementing the REPAIRER Human Factors Safety Reporting System Through MRM(MxHF) to Meet SMS Compliance in Aviation Maintenance

Reiterating the importance of having a human factor related safety reporting system for aviation maintenance to reduce human error and utilizing it to gain SMS compliance, the REPAIRER method of identifying and reporting human factors hazards in aviation maintenance is reintroduced. How and why the REPAIRER method system is of such importance in the implementation of aviation maintenance safety programs can be linked to the success and evolution of maintenance resource management and human factors programs which have been effective in reducing human error in aviation maintenance. These programs are rooted in effective communication methods, as well as the identification of human factor elements. To illustrate this point, the successes of maintenance resource management are discussed. Additionally, the incredible strides that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has taken to propel a human factors-centered safety program in aviation maintenance are brought to light with the FAA’s latest transition of MRM (Maintenance Resource Management) to MxHF (Maintenance Human Factors). This newly appointed program, which replaced a decades old FAA MRM program, highlights the significant changes in MRM, notably the emphasis on human factors. Given the significant shift from MRM to MxHF, the authors explore the implementation of the REPAIRER aviation maintenance reporting system under the new guidelines and demonstrate how it could fulfill many of the desired outcomes of both programs, while still gaining SMS compliance.
Non-Tenure Track Faculty Satisfaction: A Self-Determination Model:

Full-time non-tenure track faculty, commonly referred to as NTT faculty, are increasingly utilized in higher education and shoulder much of the teaching load within academic institutions. Self-dete...
The Vanity and Entombment of Marie Antoinette

In his fifteenth century treatise on building, De re aedificatoria, Leon Battista Alberti argued for the expansion of architectural purview through the inclusion of objects such as sundials and dovecotes on the grounds that the former marks and fundamentally registers human beings in time and space, while the latter acknowledges the possibility of constructed environments for other species. The long march of coincidence that denoted the inimitable life of Marie Antoinette has provided cover for leveraging subjects that have not yet been mined as architecture; much less as possibilities for critical exploration. The Vanity and Entombment of Marie Antoinette attempts to goad the limits of critical spatial inquiry by examining a series of salient artefacts from the queen’s monarchical life: the guillotine as incontrovertible threshold, cleaving life from death, mind from body, thought from matter; the carriage, which widened the experience of the world past the limits of human physiology, and placed architecture on the move; curtains and crinolines, those soft precincts between body and berth, which beg the question, ‘Is there architecture in the occupation of a material condition, however tight the stays of the corset may be?’ The Vanity is a conceptual project imagined for the Hall of Mirrors; an object that is indeterminately a diminutive architecture, occupiable furniture, and a sculptural deviation made to house the remains of Marie Antoinette and her lost wedding trousseau. The essay that follows is a fictional test of The Vanity’s measure – of its elasticity as a demarcation of narrative and milieu.
A Note on Human Welfare and the Administrative State

The American administrative state has become, in important respects, a cost-benefit state. At least this is so in the sense that prevailing executive orders require agencies to proceed only if the benefits justify the costs. For defenders of the cost-benefit state, the antonym of their ideal is, alternately, regulation based on dogmas, intuitions, expressivism, or interest-group power. The focus on costs and benefits is an important effort to attend to the real-world consequences of regulations – and it casts a pragmatic, skeptical light on modern objections to the administrative state, invoking public-choice theory and the supposed self-serving decisions of unelected bureaucrats. In the future, however, there will be better ways to identify those consequences, by focusing directly on welfare, and not relying on imperfect proxies.
Management, outcomes, and prognostic factors of adult primary spinal cord gliomas.

Abstract Purpose Primary spinal cord tumors are rare, particularly in the adult population, and national guidelines remain ambiguous with regard to management approaches. To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated management, outcomes, and prognostic factors of these neoplasms. Methods The National Cancer Database was queried (2004–2016) for newly-diagnosed, histologically-confirmed WHO grades I-III astrocytomas and glioblastoma. Statistics included Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS) analysis, along with Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results Of 1,033 subjects, 196 (19%) were pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs), 539 (52%) were grade II/III astrocytomas, and 298 (29%) were glioblastomas (GBMs). Respectively, 11%, 30%, and 27% did not undergo resection (biopsy only). RT was delivered to 27%, 54%, and 73%; chemotherapy was given to 5%, 21%, and 37%, respectively. The median OS was not reached for PAs, but was 101.2 months for grade II/III astrocytomas, and 23.9 months for GBMs (p 0.05 for all), though there was a trend toward improved OS with the use of chemotherapy for patients with GBM. Surgical resection was associated with improved OS for grade II/III astrocytomas and GBM (p Conclusions This study sheds light onto the management of these rare tumors; surgery was associated with OS benefit for patients with GBM and Grade II/III astrocytomas. Neither RT nor chemotherapy were associated with OS benefit. Although not implying causation, these data can be used to guide patient counseling and therapeutic approaches.
Catatonia Presentation as a Rare Alcohol Withdrawal Symptom in a Patient With No Past Psychiatry History: A Case Report

A complicated alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) includes epileptic seizures and/or delirium tremens (DT). However, there is still a dearth of literature for catatonia as a consequence of AWS especially in terms of clinical reports. Secondly, the few noted reported cases in the literature were mainly of non-American populations. Hence, we present the case of a middle-aged woman with no past psychiatric history admitted for psychosis and altered sensorium with delayed catatonic features in the context of a history of alcohol use disorder. Ms. M., a 44-year-old African American female with no past psychiatric history but a past medical history of gastric bypass surgery, presented to the psychiatric emergency department via emergency medical service due to roaming the street because of acute onset of altered mental status and psychotic features. She had a Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale (CIWA) score of 33 following last alcohol use a few hours prior to presentation. While on the inpatient unit, the patient had an isolated episode of catatonic stupor despite being administered lorazepam 2mg every four hours as needed. Supportive medical staff should also be aware of catatonia as a rare manifestation of alcohol withdrawal. A persistent, thorough medical workup and evidence-based "investigative" history gathering can help elucidate the source of the presenting symptom in this patient population.